Document:

EX-4.1

 

Exhibit 4.1

NRG Energy, Inc.

4% Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock

REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

December 20, 2004

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

c/o Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

388 Greenwich Street

New York, New York 10013

Dear Sirs:

     NRG Energy, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), proposes to
issue and sell (the “Offering”) to certain investors (the “Purchasers”) upon
the terms set forth in the purchase agreements, dated December 14, 2004 (each,
a “Purchase Agreement” and collectively, the “Purchase Agreements”), between
the Purchasers and the Company, 420,000 shares (the “Securities”) of its 4%
Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, which shall
have the rights, powers and preferences set forth in the Certificate of
Designations (the “Certificate of Designations”) of 4% Convertible Perpetual
Preferred Stock, each having a liquidation preference of $1,000 per Security,
for the aggregate purchase price set forth in the Purchase Agreements. The
Securities are convertible into common stock, par value of $0.01 per share (the
“Common Stock”), of the Company. As an inducement to the Purchasers to enter
into the Purchase Agreements and in satisfaction of a condition to the
obligations of you (the “Placement Agents”) in the Placement Agency Agreement,
dated December 13, among the Company and you, the Company agrees with you for
the benefit of the Holders (as defined herein), as follows:

     1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall
have the meanings ascribed to them in the Placement Agency Agreement or, if not
defined therein, in the Private Placement Memorandum, dated December 14, 2004.
As used in this Agreement, the following capitalized defined terms shall have
the following meanings:

          “Act” or “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.

          “Affiliate” of any specified person means any other person which, directly
or indirectly, is in control of, is controlled by, or is under common control
with, such specified person. For purposes of this definition, control of a
person means the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the direction of
the management and policies of such person whether by contract or otherwise;
the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the
foregoing.

          “Business Day” means any day other than (i) a Saturday or Sunday or (ii) a
day on which banking institutions in The City of New York are authorized or
required by law to close.

 

 

          “Certificate of Designations” has the meaning set forth in the first
paragraph to this Agreement.

          “Closing Date” has the meaning given such term in the Purchase Agreement.

          “Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission,
or any other federal agency at the time administering the Exchange Act or the
Securities Act, whichever is the relevant statute for the particular purpose.

          “Common Stock” means the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per
share.

          “Company” has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph of this
Agreement.

          “Effective Date” means the date on which the Registration Statement filed
pursuant to Section 2 is declared effective by the Commission.

          “Effectiveness Deadline” means the 210th day following the Closing Date.

          “Electing Holder” has the meaning given to such term in Section 3(a)(iii)
hereof.

          “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and
the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

          “Filing Deadline” means the 120th day following the Closing Date.

          “Holder” and “Holders” each mean any person that is the record owner of
Registrable Securities (and includes any person that has a beneficial interest
in any Registrable Security in book-entry form).

          “Liquidated Damages” has the meaning given to such term in Section 7(a)
hereof.

          “Notice of Registration” means a Notice of Registration Statement in a
form to be reasonably agreed to by the Company and the Placement Agents.

          “Offering” has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph to this
Agreement.

          “Person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, trust, or
unincorporated organization, or a governmental agency or political subdivision
thereof.

          “Placement Agency Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the first
paragraph to this Agreement.

          “Placement Agents” has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph of
this Agreement.

          “Prospectus” means the prospectus included in any Shelf Registration
Statement (including, without limitation, a prospectus that discloses
information previously omitted from a prospectus filed as part of an effective
registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A under the Act), with respect
to the terms of the offering of any portion of the Securities covered by such
Shelf
Registration Statement, as amended or supplemented by all amendments
(including post-effective amendments) and supplements to the Prospectus.

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          “Purchase Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph to
this Agreement.

          “Purchasers” has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph to this
Agreement.

          “Registrable Securities” means (i) any Securities and (ii) any Common
Stock issuable upon conversion of the Securities that has not been registered
under the Act, unless such Security has been sold in compliance with Rule 144
or is eligible for sale pursuant to Rule 144(k).

          “Registration Default” has the meaning given to such term in Section 7(a)
hereof.

          “Securities” has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph to this
Agreement.

          “Selling Securityholder Questionnaire” means the Selling Securityholder
Questionnaire in the form attached as Exhibit B to the Private Placement
Memorandum, dated December 14, 2004, relating to the Securities.

          “Shelf Registration” means a registration effected pursuant to Section 2
hereof.

          “Shelf Registration Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(b)
hereof.

          “Shelf Registration Statement” shall mean a “shelf” registration statement
filed under the Securities Act on an appropriate form providing for the
registration of, and the sale on a continuous or delayed basis by the Holders
of, all of the Registrable Securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities
Act and/or any similar rule that may be adopted by the Commission, filed by the
Company pursuant to the provisions of Section 2 of this Agreement, including
the Prospectus contained therein, any amendments and supplements to such
registration statement, including post-effective amendments, and all exhibits
and all material incorporated by reference in such registration statement.

          “Transfer Agent” means Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., the Transfer Agent for the
Securities or any successor Transfer Agent pursuant to the terms of the
Certificate of Designations.

          “Underwritten Registration” or “Underwritten Offering” means a
registration in which Registrable Securities are sold to an underwriter for
reoffering to the public.

     2. Shelf Registration. (a) The Company shall as promptly as
practicable prepare and, not later than the Filing Deadline, shall file with
the Commission a Shelf Registration Statement relating to the offer and sale of
the Registrable Securities by the Holders from time to time in accordance with
the methods of distribution elected by such Holders and set forth in such Shelf
Registration Statement and, thereafter shall use all commercially reasonable
efforts to cause such Shelf Registration Statement to be declared effective
under the Act as soon as practicable, but in no event later than the
Effectiveness Deadline; provided, however, that no Holder shall be entitled to
have its Registrable Securities held by it covered by such Shelf Registration
Statement unless such Holder agrees in writing to be bound by all the
provisions of this Agreement applicable to such Holder.

          (b) The Company shall use all commercially reasonable efforts:

          (i) to keep the Shelf Registration Statement continuously
effective in order to permit the Prospectus forming a part thereof
to be lawfully delivered to the Holders until the earliest of (a)
the sale of all Registrable Securities registered under the Shelf
Registration Statement; (b) two years from the last date of
original issuance

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of the Securities (or for such other period as
shall be required by Rule 144(k) of the Act or any successor
provision thereto); and (c) the date on which the Securities and
any shares of Common Stock issued in conversion of the Securities
(1) cease to be outstanding or (2) have been resold pursuant to
Rule 144 under the Act, in any such case, such period being called
the “Shelf Registration Period;” and

          (ii) during the Shelf Registration Period, promptly upon the
request of any Holder of Registrable Securities, to take any action
reasonably necessary to enable such Holder to use the Prospectus
forming a part thereof for resales of Registrable Securities, and
to identify such Holder as a selling securityholder; provided,
however, that nothing in this subparagraph shall relieve such
Holder of the obligation to return a completed and signed Selling
Securityholder Questionnaire to the Company in accordance with
Section 3(a) hereof.

          The Company shall be deemed not to have used all commercially reasonable
efforts to keep the Shelf Registration Statement effective during the Shelf
Registration Period if it voluntarily takes any action that would result in
Holders of Registrable Securities covered thereby not being able to offer and
sell such Registrable Securities during such period, unless such action is
required by applicable law.

          (c) The Company may suspend the use of the Prospectus for a period not to
exceed 30 days in any three-month period or an aggregate of 90 days in any
12-month period if the Board of Directors of the Company shall have determined
in good faith that because of valid business reasons (not including the
avoidance of the Company’s obligations hereunder), including the acquisition or
divestiture of assets, pending corporate developments and similar events, it is
in the best interests of the Company to suspend such use, and prior to
suspending such use, the Company provides the Holders with written notice of
such suspension, which notice need not specify the nature of the event giving
rise to such suspension.

          (d) Notwithstanding any provisions of this Agreement to the contrary, the
Company shall cause the Shelf Registration Statement and the related Prospectus
and any amendment or supplement thereto, as of the Effective Date of the Shelf
Registration Statement, amendment or supplement, (i) to comply in all material
respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the rules
and regulations of the Commission and (ii) not to contain any untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated
therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the
circumstances under which they are made, not misleading.

     3. Registration Procedures. In connection with any Shelf Registration
Statement, the following provisions shall apply:

          (i) Not less than 30 calendar days prior to the Effective Date
of the Shelf Registration Statement, the Company shall mail the
Notice of Registration to the Holders of Registrable Securities.
No Holder shall be entitled to be named as a selling securityholder
in the Shelf Registration Statement or have its Registrable
Securities included therein, and no Holder shall be entitled to use the
Prospectus forming a part thereof for resales of Registrable
Securities at any time, unless such Holder is an Electing Holder;
provided, however, Holders of Registrable Securities shall have at
least 15 calendar days from the date on which the Notice of
Registration is first mailed to such Holders to return a completed
and signed Selling Securityholder Questionnaire to the Company. After the Effective Date of the Shelf Registration Statement
and during the Shelf Registration Period, the Company shall, upon
the request of any

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Holder of Registrable Securities that is not
then an Electing Holder, promptly send a Selling Securityholder
Questionnaire to such Holder. The Company shall not be required to
take any action to name such Holder as a selling securityholder in
the Shelf Registration Statement or to enable such Holder to use
the Prospectus forming a part thereof for resales of Registrable
Securities until such Holder has returned a completed and signed
Selling Securityholder Questionnaire to the Company. The Company
shall have no obligation to file a Prospectus supplement or
post-effective amendment solely for the purpose of naming Holders
as selling securityholders who are not named in the Shelf
Registration Statement at the Effective Date more frequently than
one time per 90 calendar days.

          (iii) The term “Electing Holder” shall mean any Holder of
Registrable Securities that has returned a completed and signed
Selling Securityholder Questionnaire to the Company in accordance
with Section 3(a)(i) or 3(a)(ii) hereof and has otherwise agreed to
be bound by all the provisions of this Agreement applicable to such
Holder.

          (b) The Company shall furnish to (i) the Placement Agents and (ii) any
Holders who so request, and its counsel and accountants, prior to the filing
thereof with the Commission, an electronic or paper copy, at the Company’s
option, of any Shelf Registration Statement, and each amendment thereof and
each amendment or supplement, if any, to the Prospectus included therein and
shall each use all commercially reasonable efforts to reflect in each such
document, when so filed with the Commission, such comments as the Placement
Agents and such Holders reasonably may propose.

          (c) The Company shall give written notice to the Placement Agents and the
Holders:

          (i) when the Shelf Registration Statement and any amendment
thereto has been filed with the Commission and when the Shelf
Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has
become effective;

          (ii) of any written request by the Commission for amendments
or supplements to the Shelf Registration Statement or the
Prospectus included therein or for additional information;

          (iii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order
suspending the effectiveness of the Shelf Registration Statement or
the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose;

          (iv) of the receipt by the Company of any notification with
respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Securities
included therein for sale in any state or the initiation or
threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; and

          (v) of the happening, during the Shelf Registration Period, of
any event that requires the making of any changes in the Shelf
Registration Statement or the Prospectus so that, as of such date,
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus do not contain an
untrue statement of a material fact and do not omit to state a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make
the statements therein (in the case of the Prospectus, in light of
the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading (which
advice shall be accompanied by an instruction to suspend the use of
the Prospectus until the requisite changes have been made).

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          (d) The Company shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to prevent
the issuance, and if issued to obtain the withdrawal, of any order suspending
the effectiveness of any Shelf Registration Statement at the earliest possible
time.

          (e) The Company shall furnish to the Placement Agents and, upon written
request, each requesting Holder included within the coverage of any Shelf
Registration Statement, without charge, at least one electronic or paper copy,
at the Company’s option, of such Shelf Registration Statement and any
post-effective amendment thereto (including, to the Placement Agents or any
such Holder who so requests, any reports or other documents incorporated
therein by reference), including financial statements and schedules included
therein, and, if such Holder so requests, all exhibits (including those
incorporated by reference).

          (f) The Company shall, during the Shelf Registration Period, deliver to
each Holder included within the coverage of any Shelf Registration Statement,
without charge, as many electronic or paper copies, at the Company’s option, of
the Prospectus (including each preliminary Prospectus) included in such Shelf
Registration Statement and any amendment or supplement thereto as such Holder
may reasonably request; and the Company consents to the use (except during the
periods specified in Section 2(c) above or during the continuance of any event
of the existence of any state of facts described in Section 3(c)(v) above) of
the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto by each of the selling
Holders of Registrable Securities in connection with the offering and sale of
the Registrable Securities covered by the Prospectus or any amendment or
supplement thereto during the Shelf Registration Period.

          (g) Prior to any offering of Registrable Securities pursuant to any Shelf
Registration Statement, the Company shall register or qualify, or shall
cooperate with the Holders of Registrable Securities included therein and their
respective counsel in connection with the registration or qualification of,
such Registrable Securities for offer and sale under the securities or blue sky
laws of such states as any such Holders reasonably request in writing and do
any and all other acts or things necessary or advisable to enable the offer and
sale in such states of the Registrable Securities covered by such Shelf
Registration Statement; provided, however, that the Company will not be
required to qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction where it is
not then so qualified or to take any action which would subject it to general
service of process or to taxation in any such jurisdiction where it is not then
so subject.

          (h) Unless any Registrable Securities shall be in book-entry only form,
the Company shall cooperate with the Holders of Registrable Securities to
facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates representing
Registrable Securities to be sold pursuant to any Shelf Registration Statement
free of any restrictive legends and in such permitted denominations and
registered in such names as Holders may request in connection with the sale of
Registrable Securities pursuant to such Shelf Registration Statement.

          (i) Upon the occurrence of any event contemplated by paragraphs (ii)
through (v) of Section 3(c) above (other than a request by the Commission
solely for additional information as referred to in Section 3(c)(ii) and unless
directed otherwise by the Commission), the Company shall promptly prepare and
file a post-effective amendment to any Shelf Registration Statement or an
amendment or supplement to the related Prospectus or file any other required
document so that, as thereafter delivered to Holders or purchasers of the
Registrable Securities included therein, the Prospectus will not contain an
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required
to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light
of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If the
Company notifies the Placement Agents or the Holders of the Securities in
accordance with paragraphs (ii) through (v) of Section 3(c)

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above to suspend
the use of the Prospectus until the requisite changes to the Prospectus have
been made, then the Holders of the Registrable Securities shall suspend use of
the Prospectus for such time.

          (j) Not later than the Effective Date of any Shelf Registration Statement
hereunder, the Company shall provide a CUSIP number for the Registrable
Securities registered under such Shelf Registration Statement, and provide the
Transfer Agent and the transfer agent for the Common Stock with printed
certificates for the Registrable Securities that are in a form eligible for
deposit with The Depository Trust Company.

          (k) The Company shall comply with all applicable rules and regulations of
the Commission and shall make generally available to its security holders (or
otherwise provide in accordance with Section 11(a) of the Securities Act) as
soon as practicable after the Effective Date of the applicable Shelf
Registration Statement an earnings statement satisfying the provisions of
Section 11(a) of the Securities Act, but in no event later than 45 days after
the end of a 12-month period (or 90 days, if such period is a fiscal year)
beginning with the first month of the Company’s first fiscal quarter commencing
after the Effective Date of the Registration Statement, which statement shall
cover such 12-month period.

          (l) The Company may require each Holder of Registrable Securities to be
sold pursuant to any Shelf Registration Statement as a condition to the
registration of such Holder’s Registrable Securities thereunder to furnish to
the Company such information regarding the Holder and the distribution of such
Registrable Securities as the Company may from time to time reasonably require
for inclusion in such Shelf Registration Statement. Each Holder who offers and
sells Registrable Securities by means of the Shelf Registration Statement shall
do so in accordance with the terms thereof and the requirements of the
Securities Act.

          (m) The Company shall, if requested, promptly incorporate in a Prospectus
supplement or post-effective amendment to a Shelf Registration Statement, such
information as the Holders reasonably agree should be included therein and to
which the Company does not reasonably object and shall make all required
filings of such Prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment as soon as
practicable after the Company is notified of the matters to be incorporated in
such Prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment.

          (n) The Company shall (i) make reasonably available for inspection by the
Holders of Securities to be registered thereunder and any attorney, accountant
or other agent retained by such Holders, all relevant financial and other
records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company and its
subsidiaries as shall be requested in connection with the discharge of their
due diligence obligations and (ii) cause the Company’s officers, directors,
employees and independent public accountants and the Transfer Agent to supply
at the Company’s expense all relevant information reasonably requested by such
Holders, attorney, accountant or agent in connection with any such Shelf
Registration Statement as is customary for similar due diligence examinations;
provided, however, with respect to clauses (i) and (ii) of this paragraph,
the Company shall have no obligation to provide any such information prior to
the execution by the party receiving such information of a confidentiality
agreement in a form reasonably acceptable to the Company; provided, further
that any information that is designated in writing by the Company in good faith
as confidential at the time of delivery of such information shall not be
disclosed by such Holders, attorney, accountant or agent, unless such
disclosure is made in connection with a court proceeding or required by law, or
such information becomes available to the public generally or through a third
party without an accompanying obligation of confidentiality, provided, further
that prior notice shall be provided as soon as possible to the Company of the
potential disclosure of any information by such Holder, attorney, accountant or
agent pursuant to court proceeding or legal requirement to permit the Company

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to obtain a protective order. The foregoing inspection and information
gathering shall be coordinated on behalf of the Holders and the other parties
entitled thereto by one counsel, who shall be Davis Polk & Wardwell unless
another nationally-recognized law firm with specialization in securities laws
shall be chosen by the Company.

          (o) The Company will use all commercially reasonable efforts to cause the
Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Securities to be listed on each
securities exchange, over-the-counter market, or respective counterpart, if
any, on which any shares of Common Stock are then listed.

          (p) The Company shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to take all
other steps necessary to effect the registration, offering and sale of the
Registrable Securities covered by the Shelf Registration Statement contemplated
hereby.

     4. Registration Expenses. (a) All expenses incident to the Company’s
performance of and compliance with this Agreement will be borne by the Company,
regardless of whether a Shelf Registration Statement is ever filed or becomes
effective, including without limitation:

          (i) all registration and filing fees and expenses;

          (ii) all fees and expenses of compliance with federal
securities and state “blue sky” or securities laws;

          (iii) all expenses of printing (including printing
certificates for the Securities without the restrictive legend to
be issued and printing of Prospectuses), messenger and delivery
services and telephone;

          (iv) all fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company;

          (v) all application and filing fees in connection with listing
the Securities on a national securities exchange or automated
quotation system pursuant to the requirements hereof; and

          (vi) all fees and disbursements of independent certified
public accountants of the Company (including the expenses of any
special audit and comfort letters required by or incident to such
performance).

          The Company will bear its internal expenses (including, without
limitation, all salaries and expenses of its officers and employees performing
legal or accounting duties), the expenses of any
annual audit and the fees and expenses of any person, including special
experts, retained by the Company. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to
the contrary, each Holder shall pay all brokerage commissions with respect to
any Registrable Securities sold by it and, except as set forth in Section 5(b)
below, the Company shall not be responsible for the fees and expenses of any
counsel, accountant or advisor for the Holders.

          (b) In connection with any Shelf Registration Statement required by this
Agreement, the Company will reimburse the Placement Agents and the Holders who
are selling or reselling Registrable Securities pursuant to the Shelf
Registration Statement for the reasonable fees and disbursements of not more
than one counsel, who shall be Davis Polk & Wardwell unless another
nationally-recognized law firm with specialization in securities laws shall be
chosen by the Company.

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     5. Indemnification
and Contribution. (a) In connection with any Shelf
Registration Statement, the Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the
Placement Agents, each Holder of Securities covered thereby, their respective
partners, directors, and officers and each person, if any, who controls either
Placement Agent or any such Holder within the meaning of Section 15 of the
Securities Act (the Placement Agents, Holders and such controlling persons are
referred to collectively as the “Indemnified Parties”) against any losses,
claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, or any actions in respect
thereof (including, but not limited to, any losses, claims, damages,
liabilities or actions relating to purchases and sales of the Securities) to
which each Indemnified Party may become subject under the Securities Act, the
Exchange Act or other Federal or state statutory law or regulation, at common
law or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or
actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement
or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Shelf
Registration Statement as originally filed or in any amendment or supplement
thereof, or in any preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, or in any amendment
thereof or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission
or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated
therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in the
light of the circumstances under which they were made, and shall reimburse each
such Indemnified Party, as incurred, for any legal or other expenses reasonably
incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such loss,
claim, damage, liability or action; provided, however, that (i) the Company
will not be liable in any case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage
or liability arises out of or is based upon any such untrue statement or
alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in
reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the
Company by or on behalf of the Placement Agents or any such Holder specifically
for inclusion therein and (ii) the foregoing indemnity, with respect to any
untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission
made in any preliminary Prospectus relating to a Shelf Registration Statement,
shall not inure to the benefit of any Holder (or any person controlling such
Holder) from whom the person asserting any such losses, claims, damages or
liabilities purchased the Securities concerned, to the extent that a Prospectus
relating to such Securities was required to be delivered by such Holder under
the Securities Act in connection with such purchase and any such loss, claim,
damage or liability of such Holder results from the fact that there was not
sent or given to such person, at or prior to the written confirmation of the
sale of such Securities to such person, a copy of the Final Prospectus if the
Company had previously furnished copies thereof to such Holder at or prior to
the written confirmation of the sale of such Securities to such person and the
untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission
contained in the preliminary prospectus was corrected in the final prospectus
(or the final prospectus as supplemented). This indemnity agreement will be in
addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have.

          (b) The Placement Agents and each Holder of Securities covered by a Shelf
Registration Statement severally, and not jointly, agrees to indemnify and hold
harmless (i) the Company, (ii) each of the directors of the Company, (iii) each
of its officers who signs such Shelf Registration Statement and (iv) each
person who controls the Company within the meaning of either the Securities Act
or the Exchange Act to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the
Company, but only in respect of written information relating to such Holder
furnished to the Company by or on behalf of such Holder specifically for
inclusion in the documents referred to in the foregoing indemnity. This
indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which any such Holder
may otherwise have.

          (c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 5 of
notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding (including a
governmental investigation), such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect
thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under this Section 5,
notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof; but the omission so
to notify the indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from
any liability it may have to

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any indemnified party (i) except to the extent
that the Indemnifying party has been materially prejudiced (through the
forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure and (ii)
otherwise than under paragraph (a) or (b) above. In case any such action is
brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of
the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled to
participate therein and, to the extent that it may wish, jointly with any other
indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with
counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party (who shall not,
except with the consent of such indemnified party, be counsel to the
indemnifying party), and after notice from the indemnifying party to such
indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the
indemnifying party will not be liable to such indemnified party under this
Section 5 for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such
indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable
costs of investigation. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written
consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or
threatened action in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have
been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified
party unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such
indemnified party from all liability on any claims that are the subject matter
of such action and does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault,
culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

          (d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 5 is unavailable
or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsections (a) or
(b) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or
payable by such indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or
liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to in subsection (a) or
(b) above (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative
benefits received by the indemnifying party or parties on the one hand and the
indemnified party on the other from the Offering and the Shelf Registration
Statement, or (ii) if the allocation provided by the foregoing clause (i) is
not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to
reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also
the relative fault of the indemnifying party or parties on the one hand and the
indemnified party on the other in connection with the statements or omissions
that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in
respect thereof) as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The
relative fault of the parties shall be determined by reference to, among other
things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or
the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to
information supplied by the Company on the one hand or the Placement Agents or
such Holder or such other indemnified party, as the case may be, on the other,
and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and
opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The amount paid
by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or
liabilities referred to in the first sentence of this subsection (d) shall be
deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such
indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any action or
claim which is the subject of this subsection (d). Notwithstanding any other
provision of this Section 5(d), the Holders of the Securities shall not be
required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the net
proceeds received by such Holders from the sale of the Securities pursuant to
the Shelf Registration Statement exceeds the amount of damages which such
Holders have otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged
untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of
fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the
Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not
guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this paragraph
(d), each person, if any, who controls such indemnified party within the
meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to
contribution as such indemnified party and each person, if any, who controls
the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act shall
have the same rights to contribution as the Company.

10

 

          (e) The agreements contained in this Section 5 shall survive the sale of
the Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement and shall remain in full
force and effect, regardless of any termination or cancellation of this
Agreement or any investigation made by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

     6. Underwritten Offering

     No Holder of Registrable Securities may participate in any Underwritten
Registration hereunder.

     7. Payment of Liquidated Damages. (a) Liquidated damages shall be
payable as follows, if any of the following events occur (each such event in
clauses (i) through (iii) below, a “Registration Default”):

          (i) if a Shelf Registration Statement has not been filed with
the Commission on or prior to the Filing Deadline;

          (ii) if the Shelf Registration Statement has not been declared
effective by the Commission on or prior to the Effectiveness
Deadline;

          (iii) if (A) after the Shelf Registration Statement is
declared effective, such Shelf Registration Statement ceases to be
effective prior to the the end of the Shelf Registration Period or
(B) such Shelf Registration Statement or the related Prospectus
ceases to be usable (including if the use of the Prospectus is
suspended by the Company for more than 30 days in any three-month
period or an aggregate of 90 days in any 12-month period, as set
forth in Section 2(c) hereof) in connection with resales of
Securities covered by such Shelf Registration Statement prior to
the end of the Shelf Registration Period.

          Each of the foregoing will constitute a Registration Default whatever the
reason for any such event and whether it is voluntary or involuntary or is
beyond the control of the Company or pursuant to operation of law or as a
result of any action or inaction by the Commission.

          Liquidated damages shall accrue with respect to the Registrable Securities
from and including the date on which any such Registration Default shall occur
to but excluding the date on which all such Registration Defaults have been
cured or have ceased at a rate of 0.25% per annum (the
“Liquidated Damages”). The Liquidated Damages attributable to any
Registration Default shall cease to be effective from the date such
Registration Default is cured.

          (b) A Registration Default referred to in Section 7(a)(iii) shall be
deemed not to have occurred and be continuing in relation to the Shelf
Registration Statement or the related Prospectus if (i) such Registration
Default has occurred solely as a result of (x) the filing of a post-effective
amendment to such Shelf Registration Statement to incorporate annual audited
financial information with respect to the Company where such post-effective
amendment is not yet effective and needs to be declared effective to permit
Holders to use the related Prospectus or (y) the occurrence of other material
events or developments with respect to the Company that would need to be
described in such Registration Statement or the related Prospectus and (ii) in
the case of clause (y) the Company is proceeding promptly and in good faith to
amend or supplement such Registration Statement and related Prospectus to
describe such events; provided, however, that in any case if such Registration
Default occurs for a continuous period in excess of 30 days in any 90-day
period or an aggregate of 90

11

 

days in any 12-month period, Liquidated Damages
shall be payable in accordance with the above paragraph from the day such
Registration Default occurred until such Registration Default is cured.

          (c) Any amounts of Liquidated Damages due pursuant to Section 7(a) will be
payable in cash on the regular dividend payment dates (or such other time as
provided in the Certificate of Designations for the payment of dividends or
distributions) with respect to the Securities. The amount of Liquidated
Damages will be determined by multiplying the applicable Liquidated Damages by
the aggregate liquidation preference of the Registrable Securities and further
multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days such
Liquidated Damages were applicable during such period (determined on the basis
of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months), and the denominator of
which is 360.

     8. Rules 144 and 144A. The Company shall use all commercially reasonable
efforts to file the reports required to be filed by it under the Securities Act
and the Exchange Act in a timely manner and, if at any time the Company is not
required to file such reports, it will, upon the request of any Holder of
Registrable Securities, make publicly available other information so long as
necessary to permit sales of their securities pursuant to Rules 144 and 144A of
the Securities Act, or any successor regulation or statute thereto. The
Company covenants that it will take such further action as any Holder may
reasonably request, all to the extent required from time to time to enable such
Holder to sell Securities without registration under the Securities Act within
the limitation of the exemptions provided by Rules 144 and 144A (including the
requirements of Rule 144A(d)(4)). The Company will provide a copy of this
Agreement to prospective purchasers of Securities identified to the Company by
the Placement Agent upon request. Upon the request of any Holder of
Securities, the Company shall deliver to such Holder a written statement as to
whether it has complied with such requirements. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
nothing in this Section 8 shall be deemed to require the Company to register
any of its securities pursuant to the Exchange Act.

     9. Miscellaneous.

          (a) Remedies. The Company acknowledges and agrees that any failure by it
to comply with its obligations under Section 2 hereof may result in material
irreparable injury to the Placement Agents or the Holders for which there is no
adequate remedy at law, that it will not be possible to measure damages for
such injuries precisely and that, in the event of any such failure, the
Placement Agents or any Holder may obtain such relief as may be required
to specifically enforce the Company’s obligations under Section 2 hereof. The
Company further agrees to waive the defense in any action for specific
performance of Section 2 hereof that a remedy at law would be adequate.

          (b) No Inconsistent Agreements. The Company has not, as of the date
hereof, entered into, nor shall it on or after the date hereof, enter into, any
agreement with respect to its securities or otherwise that is inconsistent with
the rights granted to the Holders herein or otherwise conflicts with the
provisions hereof.

          (c) Amendments and Waivers. The provisions of this Agreement, including
the provisions of this sentence, may not be amended, qualified, modified or
supplemented, and waivers or consents to departures from the provisions hereof
may not be given, unless the Company has obtained the written consent of a
majority in principal amount of the Registrable Securities affected by such
amendment, qualification, modification, supplement, waiver or consent.

          (d) Notices. All notices and other communications provided for or
permitted hereunder shall be made in writing and shall be mailed, delivered,
telegraphed and confirmed or faxed and confirmed:

12

 

          (1) if to a Holder, at the most current address given by such Holder
to the Company in accordance with the provisions of this Section 9(d),
which address initially is, with respect to each Holder, the address of
such Holder maintained by the Registrar under the Certificate of
Designations;

          (2) if to the Company, initially at its address set forth in the
Purchase Agreements; and

          (3) if to the Placement Agents, initially at each Placement Agent’s
address as follows:

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

388 Greenwich Street

New York, New York 10013

Attention: General Counsel

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

60 Wall Street

New York, New York 10005

Attention: Corporate Finance Department

          Either Placement Agent, any Holder or the Company by notice to the other
may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or
communications.

          (e) Third Party Beneficiaries. The Holders shall be third party
beneficiaries to the agreements made hereunder between the Company, on the one
hand, and the Placement Agent, on the other hand, and shall have the right to
enforce such agreements directly to the extent they may deem such enforcement
necessary or advisable to protect their rights or the rights of Holders
hereunder.

          (f) Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of
and be binding upon the successors and assigns of each of the parties and the
Holders, including, without the need for an express assignment or any consent
by the Company thereto, subsequent Holders of
Securities. The Company hereby agrees to extend the benefits of this
Agreement to any Holder of Registrable Securities and any such Holder may
specifically enforce the provisions of this Agreement as if an original party
hereto.

          (g) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which
when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken
together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

          (h) Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of
reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof.

          (i) Governing Law. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

          (j) Securities Held by the Company. Whenever the consent or approval of
Holders of a specified percentage of principal amount of Securities is required
hereunder, Securities held by the Company or its affiliates (other than
subsequent Holders of Securities if such subsequent

13

 

Holders are deemed to be
affiliates solely by reason of their holdings of such Securities) shall not be
considered to be outstanding and shall not be counted in determining whether
such consent or approval was given by the Holders of such required percentage.

          (k) Severability. In the event that any one of more of the provisions
contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstances, is held
invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect for any reason, the validity,
legality and enforceability of any such provision in every other respect and of
the remaining provisions hereof shall not be in any way impaired or affected
thereby, it being intended that all of the rights and privileges of the parties
shall be enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law.

(Signature page follows.)

14

 

          Please confirm that the foregoing correctly sets forth the agreement
between the Company and the Placement Agents.

	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	Very truly yours,
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 	 	NRG ENERGY, INC.
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	By: 	 	/s/ David Crane
	
	 	 	 	
 
	 	 	Name: David Crane

Title:   President and Chief Executive Officer
	 
	 	 	 	 

          The foregoing Registration Rights Agreement is hereby confirmed and
accepted as of the date first above written.

	 	 	 	 	 
	 	CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC.

 	 
	 	By:  	/s/ Bruce Chung
	 	  	

	 
	 	Name: Bruce Chung	 	 
	 	Title:  Vice President	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	 	 
	 	DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC.

 	 
	 	By:  	/s/ Thomas P. Lynch
	 	  	

	 
	 	Name: Thomas P. Lynch	 	 
	 	Title:  Managing Director	 	 
	 
	 	By:  	/s/ Paul Murdock
	 	  	

	 
	 	Name: Paul Murdock	 	 
	 	Title:  Director<PAGE>
                                                                     Exhibit 4.1

================================================================================

                              RELIANT ENERGY, INC.

                                       To

                            WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY

                                     Trustee

                                 ---------------

                                SENIOR INDENTURE

                          Dated as of December 22, 2004

                                 ---------------

================================================================================

<PAGE>

                 CERTAIN SECTIONS OF THIS INDENTURE RELATING TO
                           SECTIONS 310 THROUGH 318,
                 INCLUSIVE, OF THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TRUST INDENTURE
  ACT SECTION                                                              INDENTURE SECTION(S)
<S>                                                                        <C>
Section 310(a)(1)........................................................          611
        (a)(2)...........................................................          611
        (a)(3)...........................................................          Not Applicable
        (a)(4)...........................................................          Not Applicable
        (b)..............................................................          603, 608, 609
Section  311(a)..........................................................          612
        (b)..............................................................          612
Section  312(a)..........................................................          701, 702
        (b)..............................................................          702
        (c)..............................................................          702
Section 313(a)...........................................................          703
        (b)..............................................................          703
        (c)..............................................................          703
        (d)..............................................................          703
Section 314(a)...........................................................          704
        (a)(4)...........................................................          101, 1004
        (b)..............................................................          Not Applicable
        (c)(1)...........................................................          102
        (c)(2)...........................................................          102
        (c)(3)...........................................................          Not Applicable
        (d)..............................................................          Not Applicable
        (e)..............................................................          102
Section 315(a)...........................................................          601
        (b)..............................................................          605
        (c)..............................................................          601
        (d)..............................................................          601
        (e)..............................................................          514
Section 316(a)...........................................................          101
        (a)(1)(A)........................................................          502, 512
        (a)(1)(B)........................................................          513
        (a)(2)...........................................................          Not Applicable
        (b)..............................................................          508
        (c)..............................................................          104
Section 317(a)(1)........................................................          503
        (a)(2)...........................................................          504
        (b)..............................................................          1003
Section 318(a)...........................................................          107
</TABLE>

---------------
NOTE: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a
part of the Indenture.

<PAGE>

                               TABLE OF CONTENTS

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                                        Page
                                                                                                                        ----
<S>                                                                                                                     <C>
ARTICLE ONE DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION....................................................   1
     SECTION 101. Definitions..........................................................................................   1
     SECTION 102. Compliance Certificates and Opinions.................................................................   9
     SECTION 103. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee...............................................................  10
     SECTION 104. Acts of Holders; Record Dates........................................................................  10
     SECTION 105. Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company................................................................  12
     SECTION 106. Notice to Holders; Waiver............................................................................  12
     SECTION 107. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act....................................................................  13
     SECTION 108. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.............................................................  13
     SECTION 109. Successors and Assigns...............................................................................  13
     SECTION 110. Separability Clause..................................................................................  13
     SECTION 111. Benefits of Indenture................................................................................  13
     SECTION 112. Governing Law........................................................................................  14
     SECTION 113. Legal Holidays.......................................................................................  14
     SECTION 114. Language of Notices, Etc.............................................................................  14
     SECTION 115. Communication by Holders of Securities with Other Holders of Securities..............................  14
     SECTION 116. Rules by Trustee and Agents..........................................................................  14
     SECTION 117. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements........................................................  14
     SECTION 118. Counterparts.........................................................................................  15

ARTICLE TWO SECURITY FORMS.............................................................................................  15
     SECTION 201. Forms Generally......................................................................................  16
     SECTION 202. Form of Face of Security.............................................................................  16
     SECTION 203. Form of Reverse of Security..........................................................................  17
     SECTION 204. Form of Legend for Global Securities.................................................................  21
     SECTION 205. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication......................................................  22

ARTICLE THREE THE SECURITIES...........................................................................................  22
     SECTION 301. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.................................................................  23
     SECTION 302. Denominations........................................................................................  26
     SECTION 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.......................................................  28
     SECTION 304. Temporary Securities.................................................................................  28
     SECTION 305. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange..................................................  29
     SECTION 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.....................................................  30
     SECTION 307. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.......................................................  31
     SECTION 308. Persons Deemed Owners................................................................................  33
     SECTION 309. Cancellation.........................................................................................  33
     SECTION 310. Computation of Interest..............................................................................  33
     SECTION 311. CUSIP Numbers........................................................................................  33
</TABLE>

                                        i
<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                                                      <C>
ARTICLE FOUR SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE................................................................................  34
     SECTION 401. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture..............................................................  34
     SECTION 402. Other Remedies; Application of Trust Money...........................................................  35

ARTICLE FIVE REMEDIES..................................................................................................  35
     SECTION 501. Events of Default....................................................................................  35
     SECTION 502. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment...................................................  37
     SECTION 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee......................................  38
     SECTION 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.....................................................................  39
     SECTION 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities..........................................  40
     SECTION 506. Application of Money Collected.......................................................................  40
     SECTION 507. Limitation on Suits..................................................................................  40
     SECTION 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest............................  41
     SECTION 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies...................................................................  41
     SECTION 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative.......................................................................  41
     SECTION 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver.........................................................................  42
     SECTION 512. Control by Holders...................................................................................  42
     SECTION 513. Waiver of Past Defaults..............................................................................  42
     SECTION 514. Undertaking for Costs................................................................................  42
     SECTION 515. Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws..............................................................  43

ARTICLE SIX THE TRUSTEE................................................................................................  43
     SECTION 601. Certain Duties and Responsibilities..................................................................  43
     SECTION 602. Duties of Trustee....................................................................................  43
     SECTION 603. Certain Rights of Trustee............................................................................  44
     SECTION 604. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities...............................................  45
     SECTION 605. Notice of Defaults...................................................................................  46
     SECTION 606. Reports by Trustee to Holders of the Securities of Any Series........................................  46
     SECTION 607. Compensation and Reimbursement.......................................................................  46
     SECTION 608. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor....................................................  47
     SECTION 609. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor...............................................................  49
     SECTION 610. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business..........................................  50
     SECTION 611. Eligibility; Disqualification........................................................................  50
     SECTION 612. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company....................................................  51
     SECTION 613. Appointment of Authenticating Agent..................................................................  51

ARTICLE SEVEN HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY........................................................  52
     SECTION 701. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders............................................  52
     SECTION 702. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders...............................................  53
     SECTION 703. Reports by Trustee...................................................................................  53
     SECTION 704. Reports by Company...................................................................................  53

ARTICLE EIGHT CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE.....................................................  54
     SECTION 801. Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.................................................  54
</TABLE>

                                       ii
<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                                                      <C>
     SECTION 802. Successor Substituted................................................................................  55

ARTICLE NINE SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES...................................................................................  55
     SECTION 901. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders...................................................  55
     SECTION 902. Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders......................................................  57
     SECTION 903. Execution of Supplemental Indentures.................................................................  59
     SECTION 904. Effect of Supplemental Indentures....................................................................  59
     SECTION 905. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act..................................................................  59
     SECTION 906. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures...................................................  59

ARTICLE TEN COVENANTS..................................................................................................  60
     SECTION 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest..........................................................  60
     SECTION 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency.....................................................................  60
     SECTION 1003. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust...................................................  60
     SECTION 1004. Statement by Officers as to Default.................................................................  61
     SECTION 1005. Existence...........................................................................................  62
     SECTION 1006. Waiver of Certain Covenants.........................................................................  62

ARTICLE ELEVEN REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES................................................................................  62
     SECTION 1101. Applicability of Article............................................................................. 62
     SECTION 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee................................................................ 62
     SECTION 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed.................................................... 63
     SECTION 1104. Notice of Redemption................................................................................. 63
     SECTION 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price.......................................................................... 64
     SECTION 1106. Securities Payable on Redemption Date................................................................ 64
     SECTION 1107. Securities Redeemed in Part.......................................................................... 65

ARTICLE TWELVE SINKING FUNDS............................................................................................ 65
     SECTION 1201. Applicability of Article............................................................................. 65
     SECTION 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities................................................ 65
     SECTION 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund............................................................ 66

ARTICLE THIRTEEN DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE..................................................................... 66
     SECTION 1301. Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance......................................... 66
     SECTION 1302. Defeasance and Discharge............................................................................. 66
     SECTION 1303. Covenant Defeasance.................................................................................. 67
     SECTION 1304. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance...................................................... 67
     SECTION 1305. Acknowledgment of Discharge By Trustee............................................................... 69
     SECTION 1306. Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions........ 69
     SECTION 1307. Reinstatement........................................................................................ 70

ARTICLE FOURTEEN IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND EMPLOYEES............................. 70
     SECTION 1401. Exemption from Individual Liability.................................................................. 70
</TABLE>

                                       iii
<PAGE>

      SENIOR INDENTURE (herein called this "Indenture"), dated as of December
22, 2004, between Reliant Energy, Inc., a corporation duly organized and
existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (herein called the "Company"),
having its principal office at 1000 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77002, and
Wilmington Trust Company, a banking corporation duly organized and existing
under the laws of the State of Delaware, as Trustee (herein called the
"Trustee").

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

      The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its debentures, notes
or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the "Securities"), to be
issued in one or more series as in this Indenture provided.

      All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the
Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

      NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

      For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the
equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of any
series thereof, as follows:

                                   ARTICLE ONE

                        DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS
                             OF GENERAL APPLICATION

SECTION 101. Definitions.

      For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided
or unless the context otherwise requires:

            (1) the terms defined in this Article One have the meanings assigned
      to them in this Article One and include the plural as well as the
      singular;

            (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust
      Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings
      assigned to them therein;

            (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the
      meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting
      principles in the United States of America, and, except as otherwise
      herein expressly provided, the term "generally accepted accounting
      principles" with respect to any computation required or permitted
      hereunder shall mean such accounting principles as are generally accepted
      in the United States of America at the date of such

                                       1
<PAGE>
computation, provided that when two or more principles are so generally
accepted, it shall mean that set of principles consistent with those in use by
the Company;

            (4) unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an
      "Article" or a "Section" refers to an Article or a Section, as the case
      may be, of this Indenture;

            (5) the words "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of
      similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any
      particular Article, Section or other subdivision;

            (6) words importing any gender include the other genders;

            (7) references to statutes are to be construed as including all
      statutory provisions consolidating, amending or replacing the statute
      referred to;

            (8) references to "writing" include printing, typing, lithography
      and other means of reproducing words in a tangible, visible form;

            (9) the words "including," "includes" and "include" shall be deemed
      to be followed by the words "without limitation"; and

            (10) unless otherwise provided, references to agreements and other
      instruments shall be deemed to include all amendments and other
      modifications to such agreements and instruments, but only to the extent
      such amendments and other modifications are not prohibited by the terms of
      this Indenture.

      "Act", when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in
Section 104.

      "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, "control,"
as used with respect to any Person, means the possession, directly or
indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or
policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by
agreement or otherwise; provided that a Person will be deemed to be an Affiliate
if the Company has knowledge that such Person beneficially owns 10% or more of
the Voting Stock of the Company; provided, further, that the Company shall only
be deemed to have knowledge of any Person beneficially owning 10% or more of the
Company's Voting Stock if such Person has filed a statement of beneficial
ownership pursuant to Sections 13(d) or 13(g) of the Exchange Act or has
provided written notice thereof to the Company. For purposes of this definition,
the terms "controlling," "controlled by" and "under common control with" have
correlative meanings.

                                        2
<PAGE>

      "Agent" means the Securities Registrar, or any Paying Agent or additional
paying agent.

      "Authenticating Agent" means any Person authorized by the Trustee pursuant
to Section 613 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of one
or more series.

      "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal or state
law for the relief of debtors

      "Board of Directors" means:

      (1) with respect to a corporation, the board of directors of the
corporation or any committee thereof duly authorized to act on behalf of such
board;

      (2) with respect to a partnership, the Board of Directors of the general
partner of the partnership;

      (3) with respect to a limited liability company, the managing member or
members or any controlling committee of managing members or Board of Directors
thereof; and

      (4) with respect to any other Person, the board or committee of such
Person serving a similar function.

      "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the Corporate
Secretary or an Assistant Corporate Secretary of the Company to have been duly
adopted by the Board of Directors, or such committee of the Board of Directors
or officers of the Company to which authority to act on behalf of the Board of
Directors has been delegated, and to be in full force and effect on the date of
such certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

      "Business Day" means any day other than a Legal Holiday.

      "Capital Stock" means:

      (3) in the case of a corporation, corporate stock;

      (4) in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares,
interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of
corporate stock;

      (5) in the case of a partnership or limited liability company, partnership
interests (whether general or limited) or membership interests; and

      (6) any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right
to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of,
the issuing Person, but excluding from all of the foregoing any debt securities
convertible into

                                        3
<PAGE>

Capital Stock, whether or not such debt securities include any right of
participation with Capital Stock.

      "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first paragraph
of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to
the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Company" shall mean
such successor Person.

      "Company Request" or "Company Order" mean, respectively, a written request
or order signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, its
Chief Executive Officer, its President, its Chief Financial Officer, its Senior
Vice President - Finance or one of its other duly authorized Vice Presidents,
and by its Treasurer, one of its Assistant Treasurers, its Corporate Secretary
or one of its Assistant Corporate Secretaries, and delivered to the Trustee.

      "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal office of the Trustee at
which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered
(which address at the date of this Indenture is: Wilmington Trust Company,
Rodney Square North, 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890,
Attention: Corporate Trust Administration; provided that at as of the date of
this Indenture if the Company is required to have an office or agency in the
Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York pursuant to any supplemental
indenture, the Corporate Trust Office address is: Wilmington Trust Company, c/o
Computer Share Trust Company of New York, 88 Pine Street, New York, NY 10005).

      "corporation" means a corporation, association, company, limited liability
company, joint-stock company or business trust.

      "Covenant Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1303.

      "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

      "Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1302.

      "Depositary" means, with respect to Securities of any series issuable in
whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, a clearing agency
registered under the Exchange Act that is designated to act as Depositary for
such Securities as contemplated by Section 301.

      "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

      "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and
any statute successor thereto.

      "Exchange Rate" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

      "Expiration Date" has the meaning specified in Section 104.

                                        4
<PAGE>

      "Global Security" means a Security that evidences all or part of the
Securities of any series and bears the legend set forth in Section 204 (or such
legend as may be specified as contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities).

      "Holder" means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the
Security Register.

      "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed and as it may
from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof,
including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental
indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a
part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture,
respectively. The term "Indenture" shall also include the terms of particular
series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 301.

      "interest", when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security
which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable
after Maturity.

      "Interest Payment Date", when used with respect to any Security, means the
Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

      "Investment Company Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any
statute successor thereto.

      "Legal Holiday" means a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking
institutions in the City of New York, New York, Wilmington, Delaware, Houston,
Texas or at a place of payment are authorized by law, regulation or executive
order to remain closed. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of
payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is
not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue on such payment for the
intervening period.

      "Maturity", when used with respect to any Security, means the date on
which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal or premium,
if any, becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the
Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or
otherwise.

      "Notice of Default" means a written notice of the kind specified in
Section 501(4).

      "Officer" means, with respect to any Person, the Chairman of the Board,
the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Operating Officer, the
Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Controller,
the Secretary, Assistant Secretary, or any Vice-President of such Person.

      "Officer's Certificate" means a certificate signed on behalf of the
Company by an Officer of the Company, who must be the principal executive
officer, the principal financial officer, the treasurer, assistant treasurer or
the principal accounting officer of the Company, that meets the requirements of
Section 102 hereof.

                                        5
<PAGE>

      "Opinion of Counsel" means an opinion from legal counsel who is reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee, that meets the requirements of Section 102 hereof.
The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company, any Subsidiary of
the Company or the Trustee.

      "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which provides for
an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502.

      "Outstanding", when used with respect to Securities of any series, means,
as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture, except:

            (1) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to
      the Trustee for cancellation;

            (2) Securities for which payment or redemption money in the
      necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any
      Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary or an Affiliate of any
      thereof) in trust for the Holders of such Securities; provided that, if
      such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been
      duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory
      to the Trustee has been made;

            (3) Securities as to which Defeasance has been effected pursuant to
      Section 1302; and

            (4) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 306 or in
      exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated
      and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities
      in respect of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof
      satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser
      in whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given, made or taken any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action hereunder as of any date, (A) the principal amount of an Original Issue
Discount Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount of
the principal thereof which would be due and payable as of such date upon
acceleration of the Maturity thereof to such date pursuant to Section 502, (B)
if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of a
Security is not determinable, the principal amount of such Security which shall
be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount as specified or determined as
contemplated by Section 301, (C) the principal amount of a Security denominated
in one or more foreign currencies or currency units which shall be deemed to be
Outstanding shall be the U.S. dollar equivalent, determined as of such date in
the manner provided as contemplated by Section 301, of the principal amount of
such Security (or, in the case of

                                        6
<PAGE>

a Security described in Clause (A) or (B) above, of the amount determined as
provided in such Clause), and (D) Securities owned by the Company or any other
obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other
obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in
determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action, only Securities which the Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so
disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be
regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the
Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities and that
the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any
Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor.

      "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the
principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on behalf of the
Company. The Company initially authorizes and appoints the Trustee as the Paying
Agent for the Securities.

      "Person" or "person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint
venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization,
limited liability company or government or other entity.

      "Place of Payment", when used with respect to the Securities of any
series, means the place or places where the principal of and any premium and
interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified as
contemplated by Section 301.

      "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security
authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in lieu of a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the
same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

      "Redemption Date", when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed,
means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

      "Redemption Price", when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed,
means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture.

      "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment
Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that purpose
as contemplated by Section 301.

      "Responsible Officer", when used with respect to the Trustee, means any
officer within the Corporate Trust Administration of the Trustee (or any
successor group of the Trustee) or any other officer of the Trustee customarily
performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated
officers and also means, with respect to a

                                        7
<PAGE>

particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is
referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular
subject.

      "SEC" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, from time to time
constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after the
execution of this instrument the SEC is not existing and performing the duties
now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such
duties at such time.

      "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture
and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture.

      "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933 and any statute
successor thereto, in each case, as amended from time to time.

      "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the respective meanings
specified in Section 305.

      "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a
date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

      "Stated Maturity", when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or premium, if any, or interest thereon, means
the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of
or premium, if any, on such Security or such installment of principal or
interest is due and payable.

      "Subsidiary" means with respect to any specified Person:

      (1) any corporation, association or other business entity of which more
than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without
regard to the occurrence of any contingency and after giving effect to any
voting agreement or stockholders' agreement that effectively transfers voting
power) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees of the
corporation, association or other business entity is at the time owned or
controlled, directly or indirectly, by that Person or one or more of the other
Subsidiaries of that Person (or a combination thereof); and

      (2) any partnership (A) the sole general partner or the managing general
partner of which is such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person or (B) the only
general partners of which are that Person or one or more Subsidiaries of that
Person (or any combination thereof).

      "Trust Indenture Act" or "TIA" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in
force at the date as of which this instrument was executed; provided, however,
that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date,
"Trust Indenture Act" means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

      "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first paragraph
of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to
the applicable

                                        8
<PAGE>

provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean or include
each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more
than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of any
series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

      "U.S. Government Obligation" has the meaning specified in Section 1304.

      "Voting Stock" of any Person as of any date means the Capital Stock of
such Person that is at the time entitled to vote in the election of the Board of
Directors of such Person.

SECTION 102. Compliance Certificates and Opinions.

      Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any
action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the
Trustee such certificates and opinions as may be required under the Trust
Indenture Act. Each such certificate or opinion shall be given in the form of an
Officer's Certificate, if to be given by an officer of the Company, or an
Opinion of Counsel, if to be given by counsel, and shall comply with the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act and any other requirements set forth in
this Indenture.

      Every certificate or opinion (other than (i) certificates provided for in
Section 1004 and (ii) a certificate provided pursuant to Section 314(a)(4) of
the Trust Indenture Act), with respect to compliance with a condition or
covenant provided for in this Indenture shall comply with the provisions of
Section 314(e) of the Trust Indenture Act and must include:

            (1) a statement the Person signing such certificate or opinion has
      read such covenant or condition;

            (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination
      or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
      certificate or opinion are based;

            (3) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he or she has
      made or caused to be made such examination or investigation as is
      necessary to enable him or her to express an informed opinion as to
      whether or not such covenant or condition has been satisfied; and

            (4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of such Person, such
      condition or covenant has been satisfied.

                                        9
<PAGE>

SECTION 103. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.

      In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or
covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all
such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one
such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one
or more other such Persons may certify or give an opinion as to other matters,
and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or
several documents.

      Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to the matters upon which such officer's certificate or opinion is
based are erroneous. Any such certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based,
insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the
information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the
Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should
know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such
matters are erroneous.

      Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.

SECTION 104. Acts of Holders; Record Dates.

      Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken
by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of
substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent duly
appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such
action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered
to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such
instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced
thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the Holders signing
such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of
a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this
Indenture and (subject to Section 601) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and
the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section.

      The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or
writing may be proved in any reasonable manner which the Trustee deems
sufficient. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than
his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute
sufficient proof of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any
such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same,
may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

                                       10
<PAGE>

      The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register.

      Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the
same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of
transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of
anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in
reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such
Security.

      The Company may set any day as a record date for the purpose of
determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to
give, make or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be
given, made or taken by Holders of Securities of such series, provided that the
Company may not set a record date for, and the provisions of this paragraph
shall not apply with respect to, the giving or making of any notice,
declaration, request or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding
Securities of the relevant series on such record date, and no other Holders,
shall be entitled to take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders
remain Holders after such record date; provided that no such action shall be
effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date
by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such
series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to
prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any action for which a
record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the
record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person
be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed
to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal
amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action
is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the
Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the
proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the
Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in
the manner set forth in Section 106.

      The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of
determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to join
in the giving or making of (i) any Notice of Default, (ii) any declaration of
acceleration referred to in Section 502, (iii) any request to institute
proceedings referred to in Section 507(2) or (iv) any direction referred to in
Section 512, in each case with respect to Securities of such series. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be
entitled to join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or
not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided that no such
action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable
Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall
be construed to prevent the Trustee from setting a new record date for any
action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this
paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with
no action by any Person be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this
paragraph shall be construed to

                                       11
<PAGE>

render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount
of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is
taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the
Trustee, at the Company's expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the
proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the
Company in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in
the manner set forth in Section 106.

      With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party
hereto which sets such record dates may designate any day as the "Expiration
Date" and from time to time may change the Expiration Date to any earlier or
later day; provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the
proposed new Expiration Date is given to the other party hereto in writing, and
to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in
Section 106, on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration Date
is not designated with respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section,
the party hereto which set such record date shall be deemed to have initially
designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration Date with
respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Expiration Date as provided
in this paragraph.

      Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to take any
action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with regard to
all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly
appointed agents, each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with
regard to all or any part of such principal amount.

SECTION 105. Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company.

      Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be
made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with:

            (1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient
      for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing
      to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, Attention: Corporate
      Trust Administration, or

            (2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient
      for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided)
      if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company
      addressed to the attention of either the Treasurer or Corporate Secretary
      of the Company at the address of the Company's principal office specified
      in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other address
      previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.

SECTION 106. Notice to Holders; Waiver.

      Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such
notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided)
if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected
by such event, at his address

                                       12
<PAGE>

as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date (if any),
and not earlier than the earliest date (if any), prescribed for the giving of
such notice. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the
failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any
particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to
other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such
notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice,
either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of
such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but
such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action
taken in reliance upon such waiver.

      In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason
of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then
such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall
constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

SECTION 107. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.

      This Indenture shall incorporate and be governed by the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act that are required to be part of and to govern indentures
qualified under the Trust Indenture Act. If any provision of this Indenture
limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision of the Trust Indenture Act that
is required under such Act to be a part of and govern this Indenture, the latter
provision shall control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes
any provision of the Trust Indenture Act that may be so modified or excluded,
the latter provision shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified
or to be excluded, as the case may be.

SECTION 108. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.

      The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for
convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

SECTION 109. Successors and Assigns.

      All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind
its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

SECTION 110. Separability Clause.

      In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

SECTION 111. Benefits of Indenture.

      Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall
give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors hereunder
and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim
under this Indenture.

                                       13
<PAGE>

SECTION 112. Governing Law.

      THE INTERNAL LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WILL GOVERN AND BE USED TO
CONSTRUE THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO APPLICABLE
PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW TO THE EXTENT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF
ANOTHER JURISDICTION WOULD BE REQUIRED THEREBY.

SECTION 113. Legal Holidays.

      In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated
Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment,
then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities
(other than a provision of any Security which specifically states that such
provision shall apply in lieu of this Section)) payment of interest or principal
(and premium, if any) need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date,
but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment
with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or
Redemption Date, or at the Stated Maturity, and no additional interest shall
accrue as the result of such delayed payment.

SECTION 114. Language of Notices, Etc.

      Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver
required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language,
except that any published notice may be in an official language of the country
of publication.

SECTION 115. Communication by Holders of Securities with Other Holders of
Securities.

      Holders may communicate pursuant to Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture
Act with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the
Securities of any series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone
else shall have the protection of Section 312(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 116. Rules by Trustee and Agents.

      The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of
Holders of Securities of any series. The Registrar or Paying Agent may make
reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.

SECTION 117. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.

      This Indenture may not be used to interpret any other indenture, loan or
debt agreement of the Company or its Subsidiaries or of any other Person. Any
such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this
Indenture.

                                       14
<PAGE>

SECTION 118. Counterparts.

      The parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture. Each signed
copy will be an original, but all of them together represent the same agreement.

                                   ARTICLE TWO

                                 SECURITY FORMS

SECTION 201. Forms Generally.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, the Securities of each series and the Trustee's
certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the form set forth in
this Article Two, or in such other form (including temporary or permanent global
form) as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or
more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate
insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or
permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks
of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be
required to comply with applicable tax laws or the rules of any securities
exchange or automated quotation system on which the Securities of such series
may be listed or traded or Depositary therefor or as may, consistently herewith,
be determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their
execution thereof. If the form of Securities of any series is established by
action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of
such action shall be certified by the Corporate Secretary or an Assistant
Corporate Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to
the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 303 for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities.

      The definitive Securities of each series shall be typewritten, printed,
lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods, if
required by any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the
Securities of such series may be listed or traded, on steel engraved borders or
may be produced in any other manner permitted by the rules of any securities
exchange or automated quotation system on which the Securities of such series
may be listed or traded, all as determined by the officers executing such
Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

                                       15
<PAGE>

SECTION 202. Form of Face of Security.

          [INSERT ANY LEGEND REQUIRED BY THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND
                          THE REGULATIONS THEREUNDER.]

                              RELIANT ENERGY, INC.

                               (Title of Security)

No._____________                                                  $__________
                                                          CUSIP No.__________

      RELIANT ENERGY, INC., a corporation duly organized and existing under the
laws of the State of Delaware (herein called the "Company", which term includes
any successor Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value
received, hereby promises to pay to _______________, or registered assigns, the
principal sum of ____________________ Dollars on ____________________ [if the
Security is to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert -- , and to pay interest
thereon from _______________ or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to
which interest has been paid or duly provided for, semi-annually on __________
and __________ in each year, commencing __________, at the rate of _____% per
annum, until the principal hereof is paid or made available for payment] [if
applicable, insert -- , provided that any principal and premium, and any such
installment of interest, which is overdue shall bear interest at the rate of
_____% per annum (to the extent permitted by applicable law), from the dates
such amounts are due until they are paid or made available for payment, and such
interest shall be payable on demand]. [If applicable, insert -- The amount of
interest payable for any period shall be computed on the basis of twelve 30-day
months and a 360-day year. The amount of interest payable for any partial period
shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months and the
days elapsed in any partial month. In the event that any date on which interest
is payable on this Security is not a Business Day, then a payment of the
interest payable on such date will be made on the next succeeding day which is a
Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such
delay) with the same force and effect as if made on the date the payment was
originally payable. A "Business Day" shall mean, when used with respect to any
Place of Payment, each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is
not a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized
or obligated by law or executive order to close.] The interest so payable, and
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as
provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business
on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be the __________ or
__________ (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding
such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly
provided for shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular
Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or
one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a
Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by
the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this
series not less than 10 days prior to

                                       16
<PAGE>

such Special Record Date, or be paid at any time in any other lawful manner not
inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange or automated
quotation system on which the Securities of this series may be listed or traded,
and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange or automated quotation
system, all as more fully provided in said Indenture.

      [If the Security is not to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert The
principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a
default in payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated
Maturity and in such case the overdue principal and any overdue premium shall
bear interest at the rate of % per annum (to the extent that the payment of such
interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due
until they are paid or made available for payment. Interest on any overdue
principal or premium shall be payable on demand.]

      Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and [if applicable,
insert any such] interest on this Security will be made at the office or agency
of the Company maintained for that purpose in , in such coin or currency of the
United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment
of public and private debts [if applicable, insert ; provided, however, that at
the option of the Company payment of interest may be made (i) by check mailed to
the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the
Security Register or (ii) by wire transfer in immediately available funds at
such place and to such account as may be designated in writing by the Person
entitled thereto as specified in the Security Register].

      Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set
forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes
have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

      Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the
Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security
shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or
obligatory for any purpose.

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly
executed under its corporate seal.

Dated:  _______________                             RELIANT ENERGY, INC.

                                                    By:_________________________

Attest:

_______________________

SECTION 203. Form of Reverse of Security.

      This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the
Company (herein called the "Securities"), issued and to be issued in one or more
series under a Senior Indenture, dated as of, _____ 200__ (herein called the
"Indenture", which term

                                       17
<PAGE>

shall have the meaning assigned to it in such instrument), between the Company
and Wilmington Trust Company, as Trustee (herein called the "Trustee", which
term includes any successor trustee under the Indenture), to which Indenture and
all indentures supplemental thereto reference is hereby made for a statement of
the respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder
of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and of the terms
upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. This
Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof [if applicable,
insert, limited in aggregate principal amount to $; provided, however, that the
authorized aggregate principal amount of the Securities may be increased above
such amount by a Board Resolution to such effect

      [If applicable, insert The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than 30 days' notice by mail, [if applicable, insert
(1) on _______ in any year commencing with the year _____ and ending with the
year _____ through operation of the sinking fund for this series at a Redemption
Price equal to 100% of the principal amount, and (2)] at any time [if
applicable, insert on or after __________, 20__], as a whole or in part, at the
election of the Company, at the following Redemption Prices (expressed as
percentages of the principal amount): If redeemed [if applicable, insert on or
before __________, _____%, and if redeemed] during the 12-month period beginning
__________ of the years indicated,

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                  Redemption              Redemption
Year                 Price       Year       Price
<S>               <C>            <C>      <C>
</TABLE>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to _____% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption [if applicable, insert (whether
through operation of the sinking fund or otherwise)] with accrued interest to
the Redemption Date, but in the event the Stated Maturity is on or prior to such
Redemption Date such interest installments will be payable to the Holders of
such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close
of business on the relevant Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as
provided in the Indenture.]

      [If applicable, insert The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than 30 days' notice by mail, (1) on __________ in any
year commencing with the year _____ and ending with the year _____ through
operation of the sinking fund for this series at the Redemption Prices for
redemption through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as percentages of
the principal amount) set forth in the table below, and (2) at any time [if
applicable, insert -- on or after __________], as a whole or in part, at the
election of the Company, at the Redemption Prices for redemption otherwise than
through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as percentages of the principal
amount) set forth in the table below: If redeemed during the 12-month period
beginning __________ of the years indicated,
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                  Redemption Price For         Redemption Price For
 Year             Redemption Through           Redemption Otherwise
 ----             ------------------           --------------------
 <S>              <C>                          <C>
</TABLE>

                                       18
<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                  Operation of the             Than Through Operation
                  Sinking Fund                 of the Sinking Fund
                  ------------                 -------------------
<S>               <C>                          <C>
</TABLE>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to _____% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption (whether through operation of the
sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but in
the event Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption Date such interest
installments will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant
Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.]

      [If applicable, insert Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may not,
prior to __________, redeem any Securities of this series as contemplated by [if
applicable, insert Clause (2) of] the preceding paragraph as a part of, or in
anticipation of, any refunding operation by the application, directly or
indirectly, of moneys borrowed having an interest cost to the Company
(calculated in accordance with generally accepted financial practice) of less
than _____% per annum.]

      [If applicable, insert The sinking fund for this series provides for the
redemption on __________ in each year beginning with the year _____ and ending
with the year _____ of [if applicable, insert -- not less than $__________
("mandatory sinking fund") and not more than] $__________ aggregate principal
amount of Securities of this series. Securities of this series acquired or
redeemed by the Company otherwise than through [if applicable, insert mandatory]
sinking fund payments may be credited against subsequent [if applicable, insert
mandatory] sinking fund payments otherwise required to be made [if applicable,
insert , in the inverse order in which they become due].]

      [If the Security is subject to redemption of any kind, insert In the event
of redemption of this Security in part only, a new Security or Securities of
this series and of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof will be issued
in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.]

      [If applicable, insert The Securities of this series are not subject to
redemption by the Company prior to their Stated Maturity and will not be
entitled to the benefit of any sinking fund.]

      The Indenture contains provisions for satisfaction and discharge of the
entire indebtedness of this Security upon compliance by the Company with certain
conditions set forth in the Indenture.

      [If applicable, insert The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance at
any time of [the entire indebtedness of this Security] [or] [certain restrictive
covenants and Events of Default with respect to this Security] [, in each case]
upon compliance with certain conditions set forth in the Indenture.]

                                       19
<PAGE>

      [If the Security is not an Original Issue Discount Security, insert If an
Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due
and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.]

      [If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security, insert If an
Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be
declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the
Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to insert formula for determining the
amount. Upon payment (i) of the amount of principal so declared due and payable
and (ii) of interest on any overdue principal, premium and interest (in each
case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable), all of the Company's obligations in respect of the payment of the
principal of and premium and interest, if any, on the Securities of this series
shall terminate.]

      The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the
amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be
affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the
consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities at
the time Outstanding of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains
provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount
of the Securities of each series at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the
Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company
with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the
Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of
this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all
future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration
of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not
notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.

      As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Holder
of this Security shall not have the right to institute any proceeding with
respect to the Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee or for
any other remedy thereunder, unless (i) such Holder shall have previously given
the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of this series, (ii) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal
amount of the Securities of this series at the time Outstanding shall have made
written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event
of Default as Trustee and offered the Trustee reasonable indemnity, (iii) the
Trustee shall not have received from the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of Securities of this series at the time Outstanding a direction
inconsistent with such request, and (iv) the Trustee shall have failed to
institute any such proceeding, for 60 days after receipt of such notice, request
and offer of indemnity. The foregoing shall not apply to any suit instituted by
the Holder of this Security for the enforcement of any payment of principal
hereof or any premium or interest hereon on or after the respective due dates
expressed herein.

                                       20
<PAGE>

      No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or
of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is
absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and any premium and interest
on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the currency, herein
prescribed.

      As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein
set forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Security
Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the
office or agency of the Company in any place where the principal of and any
premium and interest on this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or
accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his
attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of
this series and of like tenor, of authorized denominations and for the same
aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or
transferees. No service charge shall be made for any such registration of
transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to
cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

      Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer,
the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat
the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all
purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the
Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

      The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form without
coupons in denominations of $__________ and any integral multiple thereof. As
provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth,
Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount
of Securities of this series and of like tenor of a different authorized
denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same.

      All terms used in this Security which are defined in the Indenture shall
have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

      THE INTERNAL LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WILL GOVERN AND BE USED TO
CONSTRUE THIS INDENTURE AND THIS SECURITY WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO APPLICABLE
PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW TO THE EXTENT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF
ANOTHER JURISDICTION WOULD BE REQUIRED THEREBY.

SECTION 204. Form of Legend for Global Securities.

      Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for the
Securities evidenced thereby, every Global Security authenticated and delivered
hereunder shall, in addition to the provisions contained in Sections 202 and
203, bear a legend in substantially the following form:

                                       21
<PAGE>
      THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE
HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A
NOMINEE OF A DEPOSITARY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED
IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE
LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED
EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY A
NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE
DEPOSITARY.

SECTION 205. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication.

      The Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be in substantially the
following form:

      This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to
in the within-mentioned Indenture.

Date of authentication:  ________________              _________________________
                                                                      As Trustee

                                                    By: ________________________
                                                            Authorized Signatory

                                 ARTICLE THREE

                                 THE SECURITIES

SECTION 301. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.

      The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

      The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be
established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution and, subject to Section 303,
set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an Officer's Certificate or
in a Company Order, or established in one or more indentures supplemental
hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series:

            (1) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall
      distinguish the Securities of the series from Securities of any other
      series);

            (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities
      of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this
      Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon
      registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other
      Securities of the series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906 or 1107
      and except for

                                       22
<PAGE>

      any Securities which, pursuant to Section 303, are deemed never to have
      been authenticated and delivered hereunder); provided, however, that the
      authorized aggregate principal amount of such series may be increased
      above such amount by a Board Resolution to such effect;

            (3) the date or dates on which the principal of any Securities of
      the series is payable, or the method by which such date or dates shall be
      determined or extended;

            (4) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall
      bear interest, if any, or the method by which such rate or rates shall be
      determined, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, or
      the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, the Interest
      Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable and the Regular
      Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on any Interest Payment
      Date, or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, the
      right, if any, to extend or defer interest payments and the duration of
      such extension or deferral;

            (5) the place or places where the principal of and any premium and
      interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable, the place or
      places where the Securities of such series may be presented for
      registration of transfer or exchange, and the place or places where
      notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of
      such series may be made;

            (6) the period or periods within or the date or dates on which, the
      price or prices at which and the term and conditions upon which any
      Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the
      option of the Company;

            (7) if applicable, the Person or Persons to whom interest on any
      Securities of the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in
      whose name the security is registered on the record date for such
      interest, and the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest
      payable on a temporary Global Security will be paid if other than the
      manner provided in this Indenture;

            (8) the obligation or the right, if any, of the Company to redeem or
      purchase any Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund,
      amortization or analogous provisions or at the option of the Holder
      thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at
      which, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in
      which and the other terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the
      series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to
      such obligation;

                                       23
<PAGE>

            (9) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple
      thereof, the denominations in which any Securities of the series shall be
      issuable;

            (10) if the amount of principal of or any premium or interest on any
      Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index or
      pursuant to a formula, the manner in which such amounts shall be
      determined;

            (11) if other than the currency of the United States of America, the
      currency, currencies or currency units, including composite currencies, in
      which the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of the
      series shall be payable and the manner of determining the equivalent
      thereof in the currency of the United States of America for any purpose,
      including for purposes of the definition of "Outstanding" in Section 101;

            (12) if the principal of or any premium or interest on any
      Securities of the series is to be payable, at the election of the Company
      or the Holder thereof, in one or more currencies or currency units other
      than that or those in which such Securities are stated to be payable, the
      currency, currencies or currency units in which the principal of or any
      premium or interest on such Securities as to which such election is made
      shall be payable, the period or periods within or the date or dates on
      which and the terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made
      and the amount so payable (or the manner in which such amount shall be
      determined);

            (13) the percentage of the principal amount at which such Securities
      will be issued and, if other than the principal amount thereof, the
      portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series that shall be
      payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant
      to Section 502 or the method by which such portion shall be determined;

            (14) if the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of any
      Securities of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more
      dates prior to the Stated Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be
      the principal amount of such Securities as of any such date for any
      purpose thereunder or hereunder, including the principal amount thereof
      which shall be due and payable upon any Maturity other than the Stated
      Maturity or which shall be deemed to be Outstanding as of any date prior
      to the Stated Maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such
      amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be determined);

            (15) if applicable, that the Securities of the series, in whole or
      any specified part, shall not be defeasible or shall be defeasible in a
      manner varying from Section 1302 and Section 1303;

                                       24
<PAGE>

            (16) whether the Securities of the series, or any portion thereof,
      shall initially be issuable in the form of a temporary Global Security
      representing all or such portion of the Securities of such series and
      provisions for the exchange of such temporary Global Security for
      definitive Securities of such series;

            (17) if applicable, that any Securities of the series, or any
      portion thereof, shall be issuable in whole or in part in the form of one
      or more Global Securities and, in such case, the respective Depositaries
      for such Global Securities, the form of any legend or legends which shall
      be borne by any such Global Security in addition to or in lieu of that set
      forth in Section 204 and any circumstances in addition to or in lieu of
      those set forth in Clause (2) of the last paragraph of Section 305 in
      which any such Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for
      Securities registered, and any transfer of such Global Security in whole
      or in part may be registered, in the name or names of Persons other than
      the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof;

            (18) any addition or change in the form of the Securities of any
      series set forth in Article Two;

            (19) any addition or change in the provisions related to transfer
      and exchange set forth in Section 305 which applies to Securities of the
      series;

            (20) any addition or change in the provisions set forth in Article
      Eight which applies to Securities of the series;

            (21) any addition or change in the provisions related to
      satisfaction and discharge set forth in Article Four which applies to the
      supplemental indenture for Securities of the series;

            (22) any addition to or change in the Events of Default which
      applies to any Securities of the series and any change in the right of the
      Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the
      principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 502 and any
      addition or change in the provisions set forth in Article Five which
      applies to Securities of the series;

            (23) any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Article
      Ten which applies to Securities of the series;

            (24) the additions or changes, if any, to this Indenture with
      respect to the Securities of such series as shall be necessary to permit
      or facilitate the issuance of the Securities of such series in bearer
      form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without
      interest coupons;

                                       25
<PAGE>

            (25) the appointment of any Paying Agent or Agents for the
      Securities of such series, if other than the Trustee;

            (26) the terms of any right to convert or exchange Securities of
      such series into any other securities or property of the Company,
      including common stock, preferred stock or other securities, and the
      additions or changes, if any, to this Indenture with respect to the
      Securities of such series to permit or facilitate such conversion or
      exchange;

            (27) the terms and conditions, if any, pursuant to which the
      Securities of the series are secured;

            (28) any restriction or condition on the transferability of the
      Securities of such series;

            (29) any addition or change in the provisions related to
      compensation and reimbursement of the Trustee set forth in Section 607
      which applies to Securities of such series;

            (30) any addition or change in the provisions related to
      supplemental indentures set forth in Sections 901 and 902 which applies to
      Securities of such series;

            (31) provisions, if any, granting special rights to Holders upon the
      occurrence of specified events; and

            (32) any other terms of the Securities of such series (which terms
      shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, except as
      permitted by Section 901(5)).

      All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except
as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided herein or in or
pursuant to the Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section 303)
set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in the Officer's Certificate
referred to above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.

      If any of the terms of the Securities of any series are established by
action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of
such action shall be certified by the Corporate Secretary or an Assistant
Corporate Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to
the delivery of the Officer's Certificate or Company Order setting forth the
terms of the series.

SECTION 302. Denominations.

      The Securities of each series shall be issuable only in registered form
without coupons and only in such denominations as shall be specified as
contemplated by Section 301. In the absence of any such specified denomination
with respect to the Securities of

                                       26
<PAGE>

any series, the Securities of such series shall be issuable in denominations of
$1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

SECTION 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.

      The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by an Officer of
the Company. The signature of any Officer on the Securities may be manual or
facsimile.

      Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signature of an individual who
was at any time a proper Officer of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individual has ceased to hold such office prior to the
authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such office at
the date of such Securities.

      At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this
Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance
with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If the
form or terms of the Securities of the series have been established by or
pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by Sections 201 and 301,
in authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be
entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in
relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the conditions precedent, if
any, provided for in this Indenture have been complied with.

      If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner
which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

      Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 301 and of the preceding
paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one
time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officer's Certificate or Company
Order otherwise required pursuant to Section 301 or the Company Order and
Opinion of Counsel otherwise required pursuant to such preceding paragraph at or
prior to the authentication of each Security of such series if such documents
are delivered at or prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the
first Security of such series to be issued.

      Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

      No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be
valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein
executed by the Trustee by the manual signature of one of its authorized
signatories, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive
evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated
and delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall
have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the
Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for

                                       27
<PAGE>

cancellation as provided in Section 309, for all purposes of this Indenture such
Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered
hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

SECTION 304. Temporary Securities.

      Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the
Company may execute, and upon receipt of a Company Order the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed,
typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination,
substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities of such series in lieu
of which they are issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions,
substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may
determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

      If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause
definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable delay.
After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary
Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of
such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without
charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more
temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more definitive
Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor
and aggregate principal amount. Until so exchanged, the Holders of temporary
Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits
under this Indenture as Holders of definitive Securities of such series and
tenor.

SECTION 305. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.

      The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes
collectively referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject to such
reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the
registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The Trustee is hereby
appointed "Security Registrar" for the purpose of registering Securities and
transfers of Securities as herein provided. If any indenture supplemental hereto
refers to any transfer agents (in addition to the Security Registrar) initially
designated by the Company with respect to any series of Securities, the Company
may at any time rescind the designation of any such transfer agent or approve a
change in the location through which any such transfer agent acts, provided that
the Company maintains a transfer agent in each Place of Payment for such series.
The Company may at any time designate additional transfer agents with respect to
any series of Securities.

      Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of a series at
the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, the
Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the
name of the designated

                                       28
<PAGE>

transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of the same series, of any
authorized denominations and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.

      At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged for
other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like
tenor and aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be
exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered
for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to
receive.

      All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same
debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

      Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or
for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly
endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the
Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

      No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection
with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities.

      Neither the Trustee nor the Company shall be required, pursuant to the
provisions of this Section 305, (A) to issue, register the transfer of or
exchange any Securities of any series (or of any series and specified tenor, as
the case may be) during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days
before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of any such Securities
selected for redemption under Section 1103 and ending at the close of business
on the day of such mailing, or (B) to register the transfer of or exchange any
Security so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except, in the case of
any Security to be redeemed in part, any portion not to be redeemed.

      The provisions of Clauses (1), (2), (3) and (4) below shall apply only to
Global Securities:

            (1) Each Global Security authenticated under this Indenture shall be
      registered in the name of the Depositary designated for such Global
      Security or a nominee thereof and delivered to such Depositary or a
      nominee thereof or custodian therefor, and each such Global Security shall
      constitute a single Security for all purposes of this Indenture.

            (2) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, no Global
      Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered,
      and no transfer of a Global Security in whole or in part may be
      registered, in the name of any Person other than the Depositary for such

                                       29
<PAGE>

      Global Security or a nominee thereof unless (A) such Depositary (i) has
      notified the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as
      Depositary for such Global Security or (ii) has ceased to be a clearing
      agency registered under the Exchange Act at a time when the Depositary is
      required to be so registered to act as depositary, in each case, unless
      the Company has approved a successor Depositary within 90 days, (B) the
      Company in its sole discretion determines that such Global Security will
      be so exchangeable or transferable and executes and delivers to the
      Trustee a Company Order that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable
      or transferable, (C) there shall have occurred and be continuing an Event
      of Default with respect to the Securities represented by such Global
      Security, or (D) there shall exist such circumstances, if any, in addition
      to or in lieu of the foregoing as have been specified for this purpose as
      contemplated by Section 301.

            (3) Subject to Clause (2) above, any exchange of a Global Security
      for other Securities may be made in whole or in part, and all Securities
      issued in exchange for a Global Security or any portion thereof shall be
      registered in such names as the Depositary for such Global Security shall
      direct.

            (4) Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of
      transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global Security or any
      portion thereof, whether pursuant to this Section 305, Section 304, 306,
      906 or 1107 or otherwise, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form
      of, and shall be, a Global Security, unless such Security is registered in
      the name of a Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or
      a nominee thereof.

SECTION 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

      If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee together with such
security or indemnity as may be required by the Company or the Trustee to save
each of them harmless, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same series
and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not
contemporaneously outstanding and shall cancel and destroy such mutilated
Security.

      If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to
their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii)
such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and
any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the
Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security
of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number
not contemporaneously outstanding.

                                       30
<PAGE>

      In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become
or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

      Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section 306, the Company
may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of counsel to the Company and the fees
and expenses of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) connected therewith.

      Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section 306 in
lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original
additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed,
lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be
entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with
any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder.

      The provisions of this Section 306 are exclusive and shall preclude (to
the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement
or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

SECTION 307. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, interest on any Security of any series which is
payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment
Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more
Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular
Record Date for such interest in respect of Securities of such series, except
that, unless otherwise provided in the Securities of such series, interest
payable on the Stated Maturity of the principal of a Security shall be paid to
the Person to whom principal is paid. The initial payment of interest on any
Security of any series which is issued between a Regular Record Date and the
related Interest Payment Date shall be payable as provided in such Security or
in the Board Resolution pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the related
series of Securities. Except in the case of a Global Security, at the option of
the Company, interest on any series of Securities may be paid (i) by check
mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as it shall appear on the
Security Register of such series or (ii) by wire transfer in immediately
available funds at such place and to such account as designated in writing by
the Person entitled thereto as specified in the Security Register of such
series.

      Any Paying Agents will be identified in a supplemental indenture hereto.
The Company may at any time designate additional Paying Agents or rescind the
designation of any Paying Agent; however, the Company at all times will be
required to maintain a Paying Agent in each Place of Payment for each series of
Securities.

      Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to
any series of Securities, any interest on any Security of any series which is
payable, but is not

                                       31
<PAGE>

timely paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of
such series (herein called "Defaulted Interest"), shall forthwith cease to be
payable to the registered Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue
of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest plus, to the extent
lawful, interest payable on defaulted interest, shall be paid by the Company, as
provided in Clause (1) or (2) below (at the Company's election):

            (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest
      to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series in respect of
      which interest is in default (or their respective Predecessor Securities)
      are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the
      payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following
      manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of
      Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series and
      the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall
      deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount
      proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make
      arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the
      date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in
      trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest
      as provided in this Clause (1). Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special
      Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not
      more than 15 days and not less than 5 days prior to the date of the
      proposed payment and not less than 5 days after the receipt by the Trustee
      of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify
      the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the
      expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such
      Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be given to
      each Holder of Securities of such series in the manner set forth in
      Section 106, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date.
      Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special
      Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall
      be paid to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or
      their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of
      business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable
      pursuant to the following Clause (2).

            (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the
      Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with
      the requirements of any securities exchange or automated quotation system
      on which such Securities may be listed or traded, and upon such notice as
      may be required by such exchange or automated quotation system, if, after
      notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment
      pursuant to this Clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed
      practicable by the Trustee.

                                       32
<PAGE>

Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section 307, each Security delivered
under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in
lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and
unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

SECTION 308. Persons Deemed Owners.

      The Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall deem and treat the Person in
whose name any Security shall be registered upon the Security Register for such
series as the absolute owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving
payment of or on account of the principal of and, subject to the provisions of
this Indenture, interest on such Security and for all other purposes.

SECTION 309. Cancellation.

      All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of
transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if
surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee
and shall be promptly canceled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the
Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered
hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may
deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for
cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company
has not issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly
canceled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in
exchange for any Securities canceled as provided in this Section 309, except as
expressly permitted by this Indenture. All canceled Securities held by the
Trustee shall be disposed of as directed by a Company Order.

SECTION 310. Computation of Interest.

      Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for
Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months and interest on
the Securities of each series for any partial period shall be computed on the
basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months and the number of days elapsed
in any partial month.

SECTION 311. CUSIP Numbers.

      The Company in issuing the Securities may use "CUSIP" numbers (if then
generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use "CUSIP" numbers in notices
of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may
state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers
either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a
redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification
numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected
by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify
the Trustee in writing of any change in "CUSIP" numbers.

                                       33
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE FOUR

                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

SECTION 401. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.

      This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect
(except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities herein expressly provided for and as otherwise provided in this
Section 401), and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company,
shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of
this Indenture, when:

            (1) either

                  (A) all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
            (other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen
            and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 306 and
            (ii) Securities for which payment money has theretofore been
            deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company
            and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust,
            as provided in Section 1003) have been delivered to the Trustee for
            cancellation; or

                  (B) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the
            Trustee for cancellation:

                        (i) have become due and payable, or

                        (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated
      Maturity within one year of the date of deposit, or

                        (iii) are to be called for redemption within one year
      under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of
      redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

      and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has deposited or
      caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such
      purpose money in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire
      indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee
      for cancellation, for principal and any premium and interest to the date
      of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and
      payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be;

            (1) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable
      hereunder by the Company; and

                                       34
<PAGE>

            (2) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer's
      Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
      precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge
      of this Indenture have been complied with.

      Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 607, the obligations of
the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent under Section 613 and, if money shall
have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of Clause (1) of
this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the last
paragraph of Section 1003 shall survive. Each supplemental indenture with
respect to any series of Securities may provide terms for satisfaction and
discharge of such supplemental indenture and such terms shall control as to such
supplemental indenture.

SECTION 402. Other Remedies; Application of Trust Money.

      If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue
any available remedy to collect the payment of principal, premium and interest
on the Securities of any series or to enforce the performance of any provision
of the Securities of any series or this Indenture.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of
Section 1003, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 shall
be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the
Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any
Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the
Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal and any
premium and interest for which payment such money has been deposited with the
Trustee.

                                  ARTICLE FIVE

                                    REMEDIES

SECTION 501. Events of Default.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, "Event of Default", wherever used herein with
respect to the Securities of any series, means any one of the following events
(whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary
or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment,
decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any
administrative or governmental body):

            (1) default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that
      series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default
      for a period of 30 days; or

                                       35
<PAGE>

            (2) default in the payment of the principal of or any premium on any
      Security of that series at its Maturity; or

            (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as
      due by the terms of a Security of that series; or

            (4) default in the performance, or breach, in any material respect,
      of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture with respect
      to a Security of that series (other than a covenant or warranty a default
      in the performance of which or the breach of which is specifically covered
      elsewhere in this Section 501 or which has expressly been included in this
      Indenture solely for the benefit of series of Securities other than that
      series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 90 days
      after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the
      Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of
      at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
      series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it
      to be remedied and stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" under
      this Indenture; or

            (5) the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of (A)
      a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary
      case or proceeding under any applicable federal or state bankruptcy,
      insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or (B) a decree or order
      adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly
      filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or
      composition of or in respect of the Company under any applicable federal
      or state law, or appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee,
      trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any
      substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or
      liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or
      order for relief or any such other decree or order unstayed and in effect
      for a period of 90 consecutive days; or

            (6) the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case or
      proceeding under any applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency,
      reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or proceeding to
      be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the entry
      of a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an
      involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable federal or state
      bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the
      commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against
      it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking
      reorganization or relief under any applicable federal or state law, or the
      consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or
      taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
      sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any
      substantial part of its property, or the making by

                                       36
<PAGE>

      it of an assignment of a substantial part of its property for the benefit
      of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay
      its debts generally as they become due, or the taking of corporate action
      by the Company in furtherance of any such action; or

            (7) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities
      of that series established as provided in Section 301.

provided, however, that no event described in Clause (4), (5), (6) or (other
than with respect to a payment default) (7) above shall constitute an Event of
Default hereunder until a Responsible Officer assigned to and working in the
Trustee's corporate trust department has actual knowledge thereof or until a
written notice of any such event is received by the Trustee at the Corporate
Trust Office, and such notice refers to the facts underlying such event, the
Securities generally, the Company and the Indenture.

      Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 501, if the
principal or any premium or interest on any Security is payable in a currency
other than the currency of the United States of America and such currency is not
available to the Company for making payment thereof due to the imposition of
exchange controls or other circumstances beyond the control of the Company, the
Company will be entitled to satisfy its obligations to Holders of the Securities
by making such payment in the currency of the United States of America in an
amount equal to the currency of the United States of America equivalent of the
amount payable in such other currency, as determined by the Trustee by reference
to the noon buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers for such
currency ("Exchange Rate"), as such Exchange Rate is reported or otherwise made
available by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on the date of such payment,
or, if such rate is not then available, on the basis of the most recently
available Exchange Rate. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this
Section 501, any payment made under such circumstances in the currency of the
United States of America where the required payment is in a currency other than
the currency of the United States of America will not constitute an Event of
Default under this Indenture.

SECTION 502. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, if an Event of Default (other than an Event of
Default specified in Section 501(5) or 501(6)) with respect to Securities of any
series at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case
the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal amount of all
the Securities of that series (or, if any Securities of that series are Original
Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount of such
Securities as may be specified by the terms thereof) to be due and payable
immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given
by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified
amount) shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default
specified in Section 501(5) or 501(6) occurs and is continuing, then in every
such case, the principal amount of all of the Securities of that series then
Outstanding shall automatically, and without any

                                     37
<PAGE>

declaration or any other action on the part of the Trustee or any Holder, become
due and payable immediately.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, at any time after such a declaration of
acceleration with respect to Securities of any series has been made and before a
judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee
as hereinafter provided in this Article Five, the Event of Default giving rise
to such declaration of acceleration shall, without further act, be deemed to
have been waived, and such declaration and its consequences shall, without
further act, be deemed to have been rescinded and annulled, if:

            (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum
      sufficient to pay:

                  (A) all overdue installments of interest on all Securities of
            that series,

                  (B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities
            of that series which have become due otherwise than by such
            declaration of acceleration and any interest thereon at the rate or
            rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,

                  (C) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful,
            interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed
            therefor in such Securities, and

                  (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the
            reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
            Trustee, its agents and counsel; and

            (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series,
      other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series
      which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have
      been cured or waived as provided in Section 513.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right
consequent thereon.

SECTION 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, the Company covenants that if

            (1) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security
      when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for
      a period of 30 days, or

                                    38
<PAGE>

            (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium,
      if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof,

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the
benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable
on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest and, to the extent
that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any
overdue principal and premium and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates
prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, all amounts
owing the Trustee, its agents and counsel under Section 607, as supplemented by
any supplemental indenture.

      If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and
is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce
its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such
appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to
protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any
covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power
granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

SECTION 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.

      In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company (or any other
obligor upon the Securities), its property or its creditors, the Trustee is
entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, to take
any and all actions authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to have
claims of the Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such proceeding. In
particular, the Trustee is authorized to collect and receive any moneys or other
property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;
and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or
other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by
each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the
Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to
pay to the Trustee any amount due it, its agents and counsel, and any
predecessor Trustee under Section 607, as supplemented by any supplemental
indenture. To the extent that the payment of any such amounts due the Trustee,
its agents and counsel, under Section 607, as supplemented by any supplemental
indenture, out of the estate in any such proceeding, shall be denied for any
reason, payment of the same shall be secured by a lien on, and shall be paid out
of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities and other properties
that the Holders may be entitled to receive in such proceeding whether in
liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise.

      No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of
reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities
or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in
respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

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<PAGE>

SECTION 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.

      All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may
be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the
Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any
such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as
trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision
for the payment of all amounts owing the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and
any predecessor Trustee under Section 607, as supplemented by any supplemental
indenture, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in
respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

SECTION 506. Application of Money Collected.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, any money or property collected or to be applied by
the Trustee with respect to a series of Securities pursuant to this Article Five
shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the
Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money or property on account of
principal or any premium or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and
the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender
thereof if fully paid:

            FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section
      607 as supplemented by any supplemental indenture;

            SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for
      principal of and any premium and interest on such series of Securities in
      respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been
      collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according
      to the amounts due and payable on such series of Securities for principal
      and any premium and interest, respectively; and

            THIRD: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Company.

SECTION 507. Limitation on Suits.

      No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to pursue any
remedy hereunder, unless

            (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee
      of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that
      series;

            (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
      Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written request to
      the Trustee to pursue the remedy;

                                       40
<PAGE>

            (3) such Holder or Holders have offered and, if requested, provide
      to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against
      any loss, liability or expense;

            (4) the Trustee does not comply with the request within 60 days
      after receipt of the request and the offer and, if requested, the
      provision of security or indemnity; and

            (5) during such 60-day period the Holders of a majority in aggregate
      principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series do not give
      the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing itself of, any
provision of this Indenture to prejudice the rights of any other Holders of
Securities, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any
other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture.

SECTION 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and
Interest.

      Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any
Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive
payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on such Security on the
respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of
redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of
any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of
such Holder; provided that a Holder shall not have the right to institute any
such suit for the enforcement of payment if and to the extent that the
institution or prosecution thereof or the entry of judgment therein would, under
applicable law, result in the surrender, impairment, waiver or loss of the lien
of this Indenture upon any property subject to such lien.

SECTION 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies.

      If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any
right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued
or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or
to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in
such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored
severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter
all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though
no such proceeding had been instituted.

SECTION 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative.

      Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section
306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to
the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every
right and remedy shall,

                                       41
<PAGE>

to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other
right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in
equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy
hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or
employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

SECTION 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

      No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to
exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any
such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an
acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article Five or by
law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as
often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case
may be.

SECTION 512. Control by Holders.

      The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or
exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the
Securities of such series. However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any
direction that conflicts with law or this Indenture that the Trustee determines
may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of other Holders of Securities of any
series or that may involve the Trustee in personal liability.

SECTION 513. Waiver of Past Defaults.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, the Holders of not less than a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of
the Holders of all the Securities of such series waive any past default
hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default

            (1) in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on
      any Security of such series or

            (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article
      Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of
      each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

      Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of
Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose
of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other
default or impair any right consequent thereon.

SECTION 514. Undertaking for Costs.

      All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by
his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its
discretion

                                       42
<PAGE>

require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this
Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by
it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking
to pay the costs of such suit, and such court may in its discretion assess
reasonable costs including reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses, against any
party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of
the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; provided that the provisions
of this Section 514 shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to
any suit instituted by any Holder or group of Holders holding in the aggregate
more than 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, or to any suit
instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of
or interest on any Security, on or after the respective Stated Maturities
expressed in such Security.

SECTION 515. Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws.

      The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it
will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or
take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever
enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants
or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may
lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law
and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any
power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of
every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

                                   ARTICLE SIX

                                   THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 601. Certain Duties and Responsibilities.

      The duties and responsibilities of the Trustee shall be as provided by the
Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 602. Duties of Trustee.

      In furtherance of and subject to Section 601:

      (a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to
any series of Securities, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and
powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill
in its exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the
circumstances in the conduct of such person's own affairs.

      (b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:

            (1) the duties of the Trustee will be determined solely by the
      express provisions of this Indenture and the Trustee need perform only
      those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no
      others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this
      Indenture or

                                       43
<PAGE>

      any other document executed by the Trustee in connection with or related
      to any series of Securities against the Trustee; and

            (2) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may
      conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness
      of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished
      to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture.
      However, the Trustee shall examine the certificates and opinions to
      determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this
      Indenture, but need not verify the contents thereof.

      (c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for its own negligent
action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except
that:

            (1) this paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of
      this Section 602;

            (2) the Trustee will not be liable for any error of judgment made in
      good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee
      was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and

            (3) the Trustee will not be liable with respect to any action it
      takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction
      received by it pursuant to Section 512 or 513 hereof, or with respect to
      any series of Securities, provisions in the supplemental indenture for
      such series that supercede Section 512 and 513 hereof.

      (d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this
Indenture or any other document executed by the Trustee in connection with or
related to any series of Securities that in any way relates to the Trustee is
subject to paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (e) and (f) of this Section 602.

      (e) No provision of this Indenture or document executed by the Trustee in
connection with any series of Securities will require the Trustee to expend or
risk its own funds or incur any liability. The Trustee will be under no
obligation to exercise any of its rights and powers under this Indenture or
document executed by the Trustee in connection with or related to any series of
Securities at the request of any Holders, unless such Holder has offered to the
Trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or
expense.

      (f) The Trustee will not be liable for interest on any money received by
it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in
trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the
extent required by law.

SECTION 603. Certain Rights of Trustee.

            (1) The Trustee may conclusively rely upon any document believed by
      it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the

                                       44
<PAGE>

      proper Person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated
      in the document.

            (2) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require
      an Officer's Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee
      will not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith
      in reliance on such Officer's Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. The
      Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any
      Opinion of Counsel will be full and complete authorization and protection
      from liability in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it
      hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon.

            (3) The Trustee may act through its attorneys and agents and will
      not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed
      with due care.

            (4) The Trustee will not be liable for any action it takes or omits
      to take in good faith that it believes to be authorized or within the
      rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture or any supplement
      thereto.

            (5) Unless otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture or any
      supplement thereto, any demand, request, direction or notice from the
      Company shall be sufficient if signed by an Officer of the Company.

            (6) The Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the
      rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture or any supplement thereto
      at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders have
      offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee
      against the costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred by it
      in compliance with such request or direction.

            (7) The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become
      the owner or pledgee of the Securities of any series and may otherwise
      deal with the Company or any Affiliate of the Company with the same rights
      it would have if it were not Trustee. However, in the event that the
      Trustee acquires any conflicting interest it must eliminate such conflict
      within 90 days, apply to the SEC for permission to continue as trustee or
      resign. Any Agent may do the same with like rights and duties. The Trustee
      is also subject to Sections 611 and 612 hereof.

SECTION 604. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.

      The Trustee will not be responsible for and makes no representation as to
the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or any other document executed by the
Trustee in connection with or related to any series of Securities, it shall not
be accountable for the Company's use of the proceeds from any series of
Securities or any money paid to the Company or upon the Company's direction
under any provision of this Indenture or any

                                       45
<PAGE>

supplement thereto, it will not be responsible for the use or application of any
money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee, it will not be
responsible for any statement or recital herein or any statement in any series
of Securities or any other document executed by the Trustee in connection with
any series of Securities in connection with the sale of any series of Securities
or pursuant to this Indenture or any supplement thereto other than its
certificate of authentication, and it will not be responsible for any actions or
inactions of any collateral trustee with respect to the collateral, if any, and
shall have no duty to monitor, review or otherwise act with respect to any
collateral in connection with any series of Securities.

SECTION 605. Notice of Defaults.

      If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to
Securities of any series and if it is known to the Trustee, the Trustee shall
mail to Holders of such series a notice of the Default or Event of Default
within 90 days after it occurs. Except in the case of a Default or Event of
Default in payment of principal of, premium or special interest, if any, or
interest on Securities of any series, the Trustee may withhold from Holders the
notice if and so long as a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith
determines that withholding notice is in the best interests of the Holders of
Securities of such series.

SECTION 606. Reports by Trustee to Holders of the Securities of Any Series.

            (1) Within 60 days after each May 15 beginning with the May 15
      following the date of this Indenture, and for so long as the Securities of
      any series remain Outstanding, the Trustee shall mail to the Holders of
      such series a brief report dated as of such reporting date that complies
      with TIA Section 313(a) (but if no event described in TIA Section 313(a)
      has occurred within the twelve months preceding the reporting date, no
      report need be transmitted). The Trustee also shall comply with TIA
      Section 313(b)(2). The Trustee shall also transmit by mail all reports as
      required by TIA Section 313(c).

            (2) A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to the Holders
      of Outstanding Securities of any series shall be mailed by the Trustee to
      the Company and filed by the Trustee with the SEC and each stock exchange,
      if any, on which the Securities of such series are listed in accordance
      with TIA Section 313(d). The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee
      when Securities of any series are listed on any stock exchange.

SECTION 607. Compensation and Reimbursement.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, the Company agrees:

            (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time such reasonable
      compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder in such amounts as
      the Company and the Trustee shall agree in writing from time to time

                                       46
<PAGE>

      (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard
      to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

            (2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the
      Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and
      advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision
      of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses
      and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense,
      disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its negligence, willful
      misconduct or bad faith;

            (3) to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against,
      any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence, willful
      misconduct or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection with
      the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder,
      including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim or
      liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its
      powers or duties hereunder, except those attributable to its negligence,
      willful misconduct or bad faith;

            (4) the obligations of the Company under this Section 607 will
      survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture;

            (5) to secure the Company's payment obligations in this Section 607,
      the Trustee will have a lien prior to the Securities of any series on all
      money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in
      trust to pay principal and interest on the Securities of any series. Such
      lien shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture;

            (6) when the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an
      Event of Default specified in Section 501 (6) or (7) hereof occurs, the
      expenses and the compensation for its services (including the fees and
      expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of
      administration under any Bankruptcy Law;

            (7) the Trustee shall comply with the provisions of Section
      313(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent applicable; and

            (8) the Company's obligations under this Section 607 shall survive
      the resignation or removal of the Trustee, any termination of this
      Indenture, including any termination or rejection of this Indenture in any
      insolvency or similar proceeding and the repayment of all Securities of
      any series.

SECTION 608. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

      No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor
Trustee pursuant to this Article Six shall become effective until the acceptance
of

                                       47
<PAGE>

appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable
requirements of Section 609.

      The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one
or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. The Holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the then Outstanding Securities of any
series may remove the Trustee, as to that series, by so notifying the Trustee
and the Company in writing. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to
all Securities if:

      If at any time:

            (1) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 611 hereof;

            (2) the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order
      for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy
      Law;

            (3) a custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its
      property; or

            (4) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.

      If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or
if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to
the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall
promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities
of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may
be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series
and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any particular series). Within one year after the successor
Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series may appoint a successor Trustee to replace
the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.

      If, within 60 days after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the
occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the
Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall,
forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance with the
applicable requirements of this Indenture, become the successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the
successor Trustee appointed by the Company.

      If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall
have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in
the manner required by this Indenture, Holders of at least 10% in aggregate
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series may petition any
court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of such series.

                                       48
<PAGE>

      If the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series, after written
request by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such
series for at least six months, fails to comply with Section 611 such Holder
may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court
of competent jurisdiction for removal of the Trustee and appointment of a
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

      The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to all Holders of
Securities of such series in the manner provided in Section 106. Each notice
shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

SECTION 609. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.

      In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect
to all Securities, any successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge
and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting
such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring
Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further
act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts
and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the
successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges,
execute and deliver an instrument (in form and substance satisfactory to the
retiring Trustee and the Company) transferring to such successor Trustee all the
rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder.

      In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring
Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more
series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto (in form and
substance satisfactory to the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee and the
Company) wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which
(1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer
and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2)
if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall
contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm
that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with
respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring
Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or
in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustee's co-trustees of
the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts
hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by
any other such Trustee; and upon the

                                       49
<PAGE>

execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein
and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance,
shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the
retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which
the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the
Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those
series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, provided all
sums owing to the Trustee hereunder have been paid and subject to any lien
provided for in connection with compensation and indemnity of the Trustee.
Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee, the Company's obligations under
Section 607 hereof, as modified as to any series of Securities by any
supplemental indenture, shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee.

      Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any
and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to
such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in the
first or second preceding paragraph, as the case may be.

      No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of
such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under
this Article Six.

SECTION 610. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.

      Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with
which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, without any
further act.

SECTION 611. Eligibility; Disqualification.

      There shall at all times be one (and only one) Trustee hereunder with
respect to the Securities of each series, which may be Trustee hereunder for
Securities of one or more other series. Each Trustee shall be a Person that is
eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and has a combined
capital and surplus of at least $100,000,000. If any such Person publishes
reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements
of its supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section
611 and to the extent permitted by the TIA, the combined capital and surplus of
such Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth
in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee
with respect to the Securities of any series shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section 611, it shall resign immediately
in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article Six.

                                       50
<PAGE>

      This Indenture will always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements
of TIA Section 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee is subject to TIA Section
310(b).

SECTION 612. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.

      The Trustee is subject to TIA Section 311(a), excluding any creditor
relationship listed in TIA Section 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been
removed shall be subject to TIA Section 311(a) to the extent indicated therein.

SECTION 613. Appointment of Authenticating Agent.

      The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to
one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of
the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original issue
and upon exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or
pursuant to Section 306, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and binding obligations
enforceable for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder.
Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery
of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication,
such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf
of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication
executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. In order to be
eligible to serve as an Authenticating Agent under this Indenture, each
Authenticating Agent and shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing
business under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or
the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating
Agent, having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $100,000,000 and
subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority. If such
Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant
to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then
for the purposes of this Section 613, the combined capital and surplus of such
Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as
set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section 613, such Authenticating Agent shall resign
immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section 613.

      Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of
the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent
shall be the successor Authenticating Agent hereunder, without the execution or
filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the
Authenticating Agent.

      An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such
Authenticating Agent

                                       51
<PAGE>

and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a
termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be
eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section 613, the Trustee may
appoint a successor Authenticating Agent and shall give notice of such
appointment in the manner provided in Section 106 to all Holders of Securities
of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve. Any
successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder
shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor
hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent.
No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the
provisions of this Section 613.

      The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time
reasonable compensation for its services under this Section 613, and in the
event that the Trustee shall pay the Authenticating Agent, the Trustee shall be
entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions of
Section 607.

      If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to
this Section 613, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in
addition to the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an alternative
certificate of authentication in the following form:

      This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to
in the within-mentioned Indenture.

Date of authentication:  _____________

                                                     ___________________________
                                                                      as Trustee

                                                     By: ______________________,
                                                         as Authenticating Agent

                                                     By: _______________________
                                                            Authorized Signatory

                                  ARTICLE SEVEN

                HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

SECTION 701. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders.

      The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee

            (1) semi-annually, not later than January 15 and July 15 in each
      year, a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the

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<PAGE>
      names and addresses of the Holders of Securities of each series as of the
      preceding January 1 or July 1 as the case may be, and

            (2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing,
      within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a
      list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior
      to the time such list is furnished,

provided, however, that if and so long as the Trustee shall be Security
Registrar for Securities of a series, no such list need be furnished with
respect to such series of Securities.

SECTION 702. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.

      The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent
list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 701 and the names and
addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security
Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in
Section 701 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

      The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to
their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding
rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided in the Trust
Indenture Act.

      Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with
the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any
agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of any disclosure of
information as to names and addresses of Holders made pursuant to the Trust
Indenture Act.

SECTION 703. Reports by Trustee.

      The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports specified in Section
606 hereof.

SECTION 704. Reports by Company.

      The Company shall file with the Trustee and the SEC, and transmit to
Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries
thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and
in the manner provided in the Trust Indenture Act; provided that any such
information, documents or reports required to be filed with the SEC pursuant to
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within
15 days after the same is so required to be filed with the SEC.

                                       53
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE EIGHT

              CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

SECTION 801. Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, the Company may not (a) merge with or into or
consolidate with, or (b) sell, assign, transfer, lease or convey its properties
and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, other than, with respect
to this clause (b), a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company,
unless:

            (1) The Company is the surviving corporation, or in the case the
      Company shall consolidate or merge with any other Person or convey,
      transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety
      to another Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or into which
      the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or
      transfer, or which leases, the properties and assets of the Company
      substantially as an entirety shall be a corporation, partnership, trust or
      other entity, shall be organized and validly existing under the laws of
      the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of
      Columbia and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto,
      executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the
      Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of and any premium
      and interest on all the Securities and the performance or observance of
      every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be
      performed or observed;

            (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating
      any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or any
      Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been incurred by the
      Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of
      Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would
      become an Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing; and

            (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer's
      Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that such consolidation,
      merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is
      required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture
      comply with this Article Eight and that all conditions precedent herein
      provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with;
      provided, however, that the delivery of an Officer's Certificate or an
      Opinion of Counsel is not required with respect to any consolidation,
      merger, conveyance, transfer or lease involving the Company and any direct
      or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

                                       54
<PAGE>

SECTION 802. Successor Substituted.

      Upon any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company into,
any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties and
assets of the Company substantially as an entirety in accordance with Section
801, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company
is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed
to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the
Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person
had been named as the Company herein; and in the event of any such conveyance,
transfer or lease the Company shall be discharged from all obligations and
covenants under the Indenture and the Securities and may be dissolved and
liquidated.

      Such successor Person may cause to be signed, and may issue either in its
own name or in the name of the Company, any or all of the Securities issuable
hereunder which theretofore shall not have been signed by the Company and
delivered to the Trustee; and, upon the order of such successor Person instead
of the Company and subject to all the terms, conditions and limitations in this
Indenture prescribed, the Trustee shall authenticate and shall deliver any
Securities which previously shall have been signed and delivered by the Company
to the Trustee for authentication pursuant to such provisions and any Securities
which such successor Person thereafter shall cause to be signed and delivered to
the Trustee on its behalf for the purpose pursuant to such provisions. All the
Securities so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit
under this Indenture as the Securities theretofore or thereafter issued in
accordance with the terms of this Indenture as though all of such Securities had
been issued at the date of the execution hereof.

      In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance or lease, such
changes in phraseology and form may be made in the Securities thereafter to be
issued as may be appropriate.

                                  ARTICLE NINE

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 901. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, without the consent of any Holders, the Company,
when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from
time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form
satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

            (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, or
      successive successions, and the assumption by the successor Person of the
      covenants, agreements and obligations of the Company pursuant to Article
      Eight; or

                                       55
<PAGE>

            (2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the
      Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to
      be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that
      such covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such
      series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the
      Company; or

            (3) to add any additional Events of Default for the benefit of the
      Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such additional Events
      of Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of
      Securities, stating that such additional Events of Default are expressly
      being included solely for the benefit of such series), provided, however,
      that in respect of any such additional Events of Default such supplemental
      indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default
      (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of
      other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such
      default or may limit the remedies available to the Trustee upon such
      default or may limit the right of the Holders of a majority in aggregate
      principal amount of that or those series of Securities to which such
      additional Events of Default apply to waive such default; or

            (4) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to
      such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of
      Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal,
      and with or without interest coupons, or to permit or facilitate the
      issuance of Securities in uncertificated form; or

            (5) to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this
      Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities; provided, that
      any such addition, change or elimination (i) shall neither (A) apply to
      any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such
      supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor
      (B) modify the rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to
      such provision or (ii) shall become effective only when there is no such
      Security Outstanding; or

            (6) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge any property to
      or with the Trustee or to surrender any right or power herein conferred
      upon the Company; or

            (7) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as
      permitted by Sections 201 and 301; or

            (8) to provide for uncertificated securities in addition to
      certificated securities; or

                                       56
<PAGE>

            (9) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment
      hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or
      more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this
      Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the
      administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant
      to the requirements of Section 609; or

            (10) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision
      herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision
      herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or
      questions arising under this Indenture, provided that such action pursuant
      to this Clause (10) shall not adversely affect the interests of the
      Holders of Securities of any series; or

            (11) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such
      extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and
      discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Sections 401, 1302 and
      1303; provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the
      interests of the holders of Securities of such series or any other series
      of Securities; or

            (12) to comply with the rules or regulations of any securities
      exchange or automated quotation system on which any of the Securities may
      be listed or traded; or

            (13) to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this
      Indenture as shall be necessary or desirable in accordance with any
      amendments to the Trust Indenture Act, provided that such action does not
      adversely affect the rights or interests of any Holder of Securities.

SECTION 902.  Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders.

      With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such
supplemental indenture (with the Holders of each series of Securities voting
together as a single class), by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and
the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee
may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of
adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the
provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the
Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however,
that, except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, no such supplemental indenture shall, without the
consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby,

            (1) except to the extent otherwise specified in the form or terms of
      the Securities of any series as permitted by Sections 201 and 301 with
      respect to extending the Stated Maturity of any Security of such series,

                                       57
<PAGE>

      change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of
      principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce the principal amount
      thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon the
      redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original
      Issue Discount Security or any other Security which would be due and
      payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof
      pursuant to Section 502, or change any Place of Payment where, or the
      currency in which, any Security or any premium or interest thereon is
      payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any
      such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of
      redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or

            (2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding
      Securities of any series, the consent of the Holders of which is required
      for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of the Holders of
      which is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of
      this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences)
      provided for in this Indenture, or

            (3) modify any of the provisions of this Section 902, Section 513 or
      Section 1006, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that
      certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived
      without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected
      thereby; provided, however, that this clause shall not be deemed to
      require the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the
      references to "the Trustee" and concomitant changes in this Section 902
      and Section 1006, or the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the
      requirements of Sections 609 and 901(9), or

            (4) if the Securities of any series are convertible or exchangeable
      into any other securities or property of the Company, make any change that
      adversely affects the right to convert or exchange any Security of such
      series (except as permitted by Section 901) or decrease the conversion or
      exchange rate or increase the conversion price of any such Security of
      such series, or

            (5) if the Securities of any series are secured, change the terms
      and conditions pursuant to which the Securities of such series are secured
      in a manner adverse to the Holders of the secured Securities of such
      series.

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other
provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the
benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant
or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

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<PAGE>

      It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section 902 to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall
be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

SECTION 903.   Execution of Supplemental Indentures.

      In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any
supplemental indenture permitted by this Article Nine or the modifications
thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled
to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying
upon, an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the
execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this
Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such
supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

SECTION 904.   Effect of Supplemental Indentures.

      Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article Nine,
this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder
shall be bound thereby.

SECTION 905.   Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.

      Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article Nine shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 906.   Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.

      Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution
of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article Nine may, and shall if
required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to
any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so
determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the
opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may
be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

                                       59
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE TEN

                                    COVENANTS

SECTION 1001.  Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.

      The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of
Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and any premium
and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of
the Securities and this Indenture.

SECTION 1002.  Maintenance of Office or Agency.

      The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of
Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented
or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered
for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or
upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture
may be served. The Company initially appoints the Trustee, acting through its
Corporate Trust Office, as its agent for said purpose. The Company will give
prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the
location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to
maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee
with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands
may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the
Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such
presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

      The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices
or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or
surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such
designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in
any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency
in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such purposes. The
Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation
or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or
agency.

SECTION 1003.  Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.

      If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect
to any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the
principal of or any premium or interest on any of the Securities of that series,
segregate to the extent required by law and hold in trust for the benefit of the
Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal and any premium
and interest so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or
otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of
its action or failure so to act.

      Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series
of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of or any
premium or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying
Agent a sum sufficient to pay such

                                       60
<PAGE>

amount, such sum to be held as provided by the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless
such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee
of its action or failure so to act.

      The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities
other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in
which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section 1003, that such Paying Agent will (1) comply with the provisions
of the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent and (2) during the
continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the
Securities of that series) in the making of any payment in respect of the
Securities of that series, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith
pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent for payment in
respect of the Securities of that series.

      The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company
Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by
the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the
same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such
Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such
Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
money.

      Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by
the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of or any premium or
interest on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years
after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable may be paid
to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be
discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as
an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and
all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust
money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon
cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being
required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to
be published once, in a newspaper published in the English language, customarily
published on each Business Day and of general circulation in The City of New
York, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified
therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication,
any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the
Company.

SECTION 1004.  Statement by Officers as to Default.

      Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for
Securities of such series, the Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120
days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date
hereof, an Officer's Certificate stating whether or not to the best knowledge of
the signers thereof the Company, is in default in the performance and observance
of any of the terms, provisions, covenants and conditions of this Indenture
(without regard to any period of grace or requirement of

                                       61
<PAGE>

notice provided hereunder) and, if the Company shall be in default, specifying
all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of which they may have
knowledge.

SECTION 1005. Existence.

      Subject to Article Eight, the Company will do or cause to be done all
things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its legal
existence; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve
any such right or franchise if the Board of Directors shall determine that the
preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of
the Company and that the loss thereof is not disadvantageous in any material
respect to the Holders.

SECTION 1006. Waiver of Certain Covenants.

      Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for
Securities of such series, the Company may, with respect to the Securities of
any series, omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision
or condition set forth in any covenant provided pursuant to Section 301(19),
901(2) or 901(7) for the benefit of the Holders of such series or in Section
1005, if the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series shall, by Act of such Holders, either
waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such
term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such
term, provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and,
until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the
duties of the Trustee in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall
remain in full force and effect.

                                 ARTICLE ELEVEN

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1101. Applicability of Article.

      Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity
shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities) in accordance with
this Article Eleven.

SECTION 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.

      The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by
a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by Section 301
for such Securities. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of
less than all the Securities of any series, the Company shall, not less than 30
nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless
a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of
such Redemption Date, of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be
redeemed and, if applicable, of the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed. In
the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any
restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities

                                       62
<PAGE>

or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an
Officer's Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction.

SECTION 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed.

      If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed (unless
all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed),
the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days
prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of
such series not previously called for redemption, pro rata, by lot or by such
other method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may
provide for the selection for redemption of a portion of the principal amount of
any Security of such series; provided that the unredeemed portion of the
principal amount of any Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which
shall not be less than the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security.
If less than all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to
be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more
than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding
Securities of such series and specified tenor not previously called for
redemption in accordance with the preceding sentence.

      The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities
selected for redemption as aforesaid and, in case of any Securities selected for
partial redemption as aforesaid, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

      For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires,
all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the
case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion
of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.
If the Company shall so direct, Securities registered in the name of the
Company, any Affiliate or any Subsidiary thereof shall not be included in the
Securities selected for redemption.

SECTION 1104. Notice of Redemption.

      Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid,
mailed not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to
each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at his address appearing in the
Security Register.

      With respect to Securities of each series to be redeemed, each notice of
redemption shall identify the Securities to be redeemed (including CUSIP
numbers, if available) and shall state:

            (1) the Redemption Date,

            (2) the Redemption Price,

            (3) if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series are
      to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption
      of any

                                       63
<PAGE>

      such Securities, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be
      redeemed,

            (4) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become
      due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if applicable,
      that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date,

            (5) the place or places where each such Security is to be
      surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price, and

            (6)  that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case.

      Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the
Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company. The notice if mailed in
the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly
given, whether or not the Holder receives such notice. In any case, a failure to
give such notice by mail or any defect in the notice to the Holder of any
Security designated for redemption as a whole or in part shall not affect the
validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Security.

SECTION 1105.  Deposit of Redemption Price.

      On or before the Redemption Date specified in the notice of redemption
given as provided in Section 1104, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or
with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent,
segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of money
sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date
shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities which
are to be redeemed on that date.

SECTION 1106.  Securities Payable on Redemption Date.

      Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to
be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the
Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the
Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued
interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any
such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall
be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest
to (but excluding) the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, in the event the Stated
Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date such installments of interest
will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor
Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record
Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 307.

      If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender
thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until paid, bear
interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the
Security.

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SECTION 1107.   Securities Redeemed in Part.

      Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at
a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires,
due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to
the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney
duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service
charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of
any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal
amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of
the Security so surrendered. If a Global Security is so surrendered, such new
Security so issued shall be a new Global Security.

                                 ARTICLE TWELVE

                                  SINKING FUNDS

SECTION 1201.   Applicability of Article.

      The provisions of this Article Twelve shall be applicable to any sinking
fund for the retirement of Securities of any series except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities.

      The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms
of any Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking
fund payment", and any sinking fund payment in excess of such minimum amount
which is permitted to be made by the terms of such Securities is herein referred
to as an "optional sinking fund payment". If provided for by the terms of any
Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be
subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment
shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for
by the terms of such Securities.

SECTION 1202.   Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

      The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other than
any previously called for redemption) and (2) may apply as a credit Securities
of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company
pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted
optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each
case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect
to any Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of
such Securities as and to the extent provided for by the terms of such
Securities; provided that the Securities to be so credited have not been
previously so credited. The Securities to be so credited shall be received and
credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price, as specified
in the Securities so to be redeemed, for redemption through operation of the
sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

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SECTION 1203.   Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

      Not less than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any
series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officer's
Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for
such Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, the portion thereof,
if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if
any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities pursuant to
Section 1202 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so
delivered. Not less than 15 nor more than 45 days prior to each such sinking
fund payment date, the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon
such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and cause
notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense
of the Company in the manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice having been
duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and
in the manner stated in Sections 1106 and 1107.

                                ARTICLE THIRTEEN

                       DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

SECTION 1301.  Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

      The Company may elect, at its option at any time, to have Section 1302 or
Section 1303 applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case
may be, (unless designated pursuant to Section 301 as not being defeasible
pursuant to such Section 1302 or 1303), in accordance with any applicable
requirements provided pursuant to Section 301 and upon compliance with the
conditions set forth below in this Article Thirteen. Any such election shall be
evidenced by a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated
by Section 301 for such Securities.

SECTION 1302.  Defeasance and Discharge.

      Upon the Company's exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section
1302 applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be,
the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with
respect to such Securities as provided in this Section on and after the date the
conditions set forth in Section 1304 are satisfied (hereinafter called
"Defeasance"). For this purpose, such Defeasance means that the Company shall be
deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such
Securities and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Securities
and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at
the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the
same), subject to the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated
or discharged hereunder: (1) the rights of Holders of such Securities to
receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 1304 and as more fully
set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of and any
premium and interest on such Securities when payments are due, (2) the Company's
obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 304, 305, 306, 1002
and 1003, (3) the rights, powers,

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trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (4) this Article
Thirteen. Subject to compliance with this Article Thirteen, the Company may
exercise its option (if any) to have this Section 1302 applied to any Securities
notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option (if any) to have Section 1303
applied to such Securities.

SECTION 1303.   Covenant Defeasance.

      Upon the Company's exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section
1303 applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be,
(1) the Company shall be released from its obligations under Article Eight (and
any covenant applicable to such Securities that are determined pursuant to
Section 301 to be subject to this provision) and (2) the occurrence of any event
specified in Section 501 (with respect to Article Eight) (and any other Event of
Default applicable to such Securities that are determined pursuant to Section
301 to be subject to this provision) shall be deemed not to be or result in an
Event of Default, in each case with respect to such Securities as provided in
this Section 1303 on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 1304
are satisfied (hereinafter called "Covenant Defeasance"). For this purpose, such
Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to such Securities, the Company may
omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term,
condition or limitation set forth in any such specified Section or clause,
whether directly or indirectly by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to
any such Section or clause or by reason of any reference in any such Section or
clause to any other provision herein or in any other document, but the remainder
of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

SECTION 1304.   Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

      The following shall be the conditions to the application of Section 1302
or Section 1303 to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may
be:

            (1) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be
      deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee which satisfies the
      requirements contemplated by Section 609 and agrees to comply with the
      provisions of this Article Thirteen applicable to it) as trust funds in
      trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically
      pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefits of the
      Holders of such Securities, (A) money in an amount, or (B) U.S. Government
      Obligations which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest
      in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later
      than one day before the due date of any payment, money in an amount, or
      (C) a combination thereof, in each case sufficient, in the opinion of a
      nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in
      a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and
      discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or any such other
      qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, the principal of and any premium
      and interest on such Securities on the respective Stated Maturities, in
      accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such Securities. As used

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      herein, "U.S. Government Obligation" means (x) any security which is (i) a
      direct obligation of the United States of America for the payment of which
      the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged or
      (ii) an obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as
      an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment
      of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit
      obligation by the United States of America, which, in either case (i) or
      (ii), is not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof,
      and (y) any depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section
      3(a)(2) of the Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any U.S.
      Government Obligation which is specified in Clause (x) above and held by
      such bank for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt, or
      with respect to any specific payment of principal of or interest on any
      U.S. Government Obligation which is so specified and held, provided that
      (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any
      deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt
      from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S.
      Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal or interest
      evidenced by such depositary receipt.

            (2) In the event of an election to have Section 1302 apply to any
      Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company
      shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that (A)
      the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the
      Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (B) since the date of this
      instrument, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax
      law, in either case (A) or (B) to the effect that, and based thereon such
      opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities will not
      recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of the
      deposit, Defeasance and discharge to be effected with respect to such
      Securities and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amount,
      in the same manner and at the same times as would be the case if such
      deposit, Defeasance and discharge were not to occur.

            (3) In the event of an election to have Section 1303 apply to any
      Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company
      shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect
      that the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for
      federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and Covenant
      Defeasance to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be
      subject to federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and
      at the same times as would be the case if such Covenant Defeasance were
      not to occur.

            (4) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall be effected in
      compliance with any additional terms, conditions or limitations which may
      be imposed on the Company in connection therewith pursuant to Section 301.

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<PAGE>

            (5) No event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both
      would become, an Event of Default with respect to such Securities shall
      have occurred and be continuing at the time of such deposit or, with
      regard to any such event specified in Sections 501(5) and (6), at any time
      on or prior to the 90th day after the date of such deposit (it being
      understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until after
      such 90th day).

            (6) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in the
      trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within
      the meaning of the Investment Company Act unless such trust shall be
      registered under the Investment Company Act or exempt from registration
      thereunder.

            (7) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer's
      Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
      precedent with respect to such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance have been
      complied with.

SECTION 1305.   Acknowledgment of Discharge By Trustee.

      Subject to Section 1307 below and after the Company has delivered to the
Trustee an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that
all conditions precedent referred to in Section 1304 relating to the defeasance
or satisfaction and discharge, as the case may be, of this Indenture have been
complied with, the Trustee upon request of the Company shall acknowledge in
writing the defeasance or the satisfaction and discharge, as the case may be, of
this Indenture and the discharge of the Company's obligations under this
Indenture.

SECTION 1306.  Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to Be Held in
Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions.

      Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money
and U.S. Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with
the Trustee or other qualifying trustee (solely for purposes of this Section
1306, the Trustee and any such other trustee are referred to collectively as the
"Trustee") pursuant to Section 1304 in respect of any Securities shall be held
in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such
Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any
such Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the
Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities, of all sums due and to
become due thereon in respect of principal and any premium and interest, but
money so held in trust need not be segregated from other funds except to the
extent required by law.

         The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or
other charge imposed on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations
deposited pursuant to Section 1304 or the principal and interest received in
respect thereof other

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than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the
Holders of Outstanding Securities.

      Anything in this Article Thirteen to the contrary notwithstanding, the
Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company
Request any money or U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in
Section 1304 with respect to any Securities which, in the opinion of a
nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a
written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the
amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to effect the
Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as the case may be, with respect to such
Securities.

SECTION 1307.  Reinstatement.

      If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in
accordance with this Article Thirteen with respect to any Securities by reason
of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining,
restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations
under this Indenture and such Securities from which the Company has been
discharged or released pursuant to Section 1302 or 1303 shall be revived and
reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article Thirteen
with respect to such Securities, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent
is permitted to apply all money held in trust in accordance with this Article
Thirteen; provided, however, that if the Company makes any payment of principal
of or any premium or interest on any such Security following such reinstatement
of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights (if any) of
the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money so held in
trust.

                                ARTICLE FOURTEEN

                    IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS,
                        OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND EMPLOYEES

SECTION 1401.  Exemption from Individual Liability.

      No director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the
Company, as such, will have any liability for any obligations of the Company
under this Indenture or the Securities of any series or for any claim based on,
in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder
of the Securities of any series by accepting a Security waives and releases all
such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for
issuance of the Securities of any series. The waiver may not be effective to
waive liabilities under the federal securities laws.

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      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

                                                      RELIANT ENERGY, INC.

                                                      By:     ________________
                                                              Name:
                                                              Title:

                                                      WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY,
                                                      as Trustee

                                                      By:     ________________
                                                              Name:
                                                              Title:

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