Document:

Form of Indemnification Agreement

 Exhibit 10.12 
 INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT 
 THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) is made
and entered into as of [            ], 200[_] between IDEARC INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and [name] (“Indemnitee”). 
 BACKGROUND 
 Highly competent persons have
become more reluctant to serve corporations as [directors] [officers] or in other capacities unless they are provided with adequate protection through insurance or adequate indemnification against inordinate risks of claims and actions against them
arising out of their service to and activities on behalf of the corporation. 
 The Board of Directors of the Company (the
“Board”) has determined that, in order to attract and retain qualified individuals, the Company will, unless certain conditions described below are met, maintain on an ongoing basis, at its sole expense, liability insurance to
protect certain persons serving the Company and its subsidiaries from certain liabilities. Although the furnishing of such insurance has been a customary and widespread practice among United States-based corporations and other business enterprises,
the Company believes that, given current market conditions and trends, such insurance may be available to it in the future only at higher premiums and with more exclusions. At the same time, directors, officers, and other persons in service to
corporations or business enterprises are being increasingly subjected to expensive and time-consuming litigation relating to, among other things, matters that traditionally would have been brought only against the Company or business enterprise
itself. The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate”) and the By-laws of the Company (the “By-laws”) require indemnification of the officers and directors of the Company to the full
extent permissible under applicable law. Indemnitee may also be entitled to indemnification pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (“DGCL”). The Certificate, the By-laws, and the DGCL expressly provide that
the indemnification provisions set forth therein are not exclusive, and thereby contemplate that contracts may be entered into between the Company and members of the Board, officers, and other persons with respect to indemnification. 
 The uncertainties relating to insurance and to indemnification have increased the difficulty of attracting and retaining persons to serve. 
 The Board has determined that the increased difficulty in attracting and retaining such persons is detrimental to the best interests of the
Company’s stockholders and that the Company should act to assure such persons that there will be increased certainty of such protection in the future. 
 It is reasonable, prudent, and necessary for the Company contractually to obligate itself to indemnify, and to advance expenses on behalf of, such persons to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law so that they
will serve or continue to serve the Company free from undue concern that they will not be so indemnified. 
  

 This Agreement is a supplement to and in furtherance of the Certificate and By-laws and any resolutions
adopted by the Board, and will not be deemed a substitute therefor, nor to diminish or abrogate any rights of Indemnitee thereunder. 
 Indemnitee does not regard the protection available under the Company’s Certificate and By-laws and insurance as adequate in the present circumstances; may not be willing to serve as an officer or director without adequate protection;
and the Company desires Indemnitee to serve in such capacity. Indemnitee is willing to serve, continue to serve, and to take on additional service for or on behalf of the Company on the condition that he be so indemnified. 
 THEREFORE, in consideration, of the foregoing and of Indemnitee’s agreement to serve as an [officer] [director] after the date of this Agreement,
the parties to this Agreement agree as follows: 
 1. Indemnity of Indemnitee. The Company hereby agrees to defend, hold harmless, and
indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such may be amended from time to time. In furtherance of the foregoing indemnification, and without limiting the generality thereof: 
 (a) Proceedings Other Than Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company. Indemnitee will be entitled to the rights of indemnification provided
in this Section 1(a) if, by reason of his or her Corporate Status, the Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in any Proceeding other than a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company. Pursuant to this
Section 1(a), Indemnitee will be indemnified, defended, and held harmless against all Expenses, judgments, penalties, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her, or on his or her behalf, in
connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue, or matter in any such Proceeding, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and with
respect to any criminal Proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the Indemnitee’s conduct was unlawful. 
 (b) Proceedings by
or in the Right of the Company. Indemnitee will be entitled to the rights of indemnification provided in this Section 1(b) if, by reason of his or her Corporate Status, Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or
participant in any Proceeding brought by or in the right of the Company. Pursuant to this Section 1(b), Indemnitee will be indemnified, defended, and held harmless against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee,
or on the Indemnitee’s behalf, in connection with such Proceeding if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company; provided, however, if
applicable law so provides, no indemnification against such Expenses will be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter in such Proceeding as to which Indemnitee has been finally adjudged to be liable to the Company unless and to the extent that
the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware determines that such indemnification may be made. 
  

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 (c) Indemnification for Expenses of a Party Who is Wholly or Partly Successful. Notwithstanding
any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that Indemnitee is, by reason of his or her Corporate Status, a party to and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding, he or she will be indemnified to the maximum extent
permitted by law, as such may be amended from time to time, against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf in connection with such Proceeding. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but
is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues, or matters in such Proceeding, the Company will indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her
behalf in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue, or matter. For purposes of this Section 1(c) and without limitation, the termination of any claim, issue, or matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without
prejudice, will be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim, issue, or matter. 
 2. Additional Indemnity. In addition to,
and without regard to any limitations on, the indemnification provided for in Section 1 of this Agreement, the Company will and hereby does indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Indemnitee against all Expenses, judgments, penalties,
fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf if, by reason of his Corporate Status, he or she is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in any Proceeding (including a
Proceeding by or in the right of the Company), including, without limitation, all liability arising out of the negligence (whether sole or contributory) or active or passive wrongdoing of Indemnitee. The only limitation that will exist upon
the Company’s obligations pursuant to this Agreement will be that the Company will not be obligated to make any payment to Indemnitee that is finally adjudged (under the procedures, and subject to the presumptions, set forth in Sections
6 and 7) to be unlawful. 
 3. Contribution. 
 (a) Whether or not the indemnification provided in Sections 1 and 2 is available, in respect of any threatened, pending, or completed
Proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding), the Company will pay, in the first instance, the entire amount of any judgment or settlement of such Proceeding without requiring
Indemnitee to contribute to such payment and the Company hereby waives and relinquishes any right of contribution it may have against Indemnitee. The Company will not enter into any settlement of any Proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable
with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding) unless such settlement provides for a full and final release of all claims asserted against Indemnitee. 
 (b) Without diminishing or impairing the obligations of the Company set forth in Section 3(a), if, for any reason, Indemnitee elects or is required to pay all or any portion of any judgment or settlement
in any Proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding), the Company will contribute to the amount of Expenses, judgments, fines, and amounts 

  

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paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred and paid or payable by Indemnitee in proportion to the relative benefits received by the Company and all
officers, directors, or employees of the Company, other than Indemnitee, who are jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding), on the one hand, and Indemnitee, on the other hand, from the transaction from that such
Proceeding arose; provided, however, that the proportion determined on the basis of relative benefit may, to the extent necessary to conform to law, be further adjusted by reference to the relative fault of the Company and all officers, directors,
or employees of the Company other than Indemnitee who are jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding), on the one hand, and Indemnitee, on the other hand, in connection with the events that resulted in such Expenses,
judgments, fines, or settlement amounts, as well as any other equitable considerations that applicable law may require to be considered. The relative fault of the Company and all officers, directors, or employees of the Company, other than
Indemnitee, who are jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding), on the one hand, and Indemnitee, on the other hand, will be determined by reference to, among other things, the degree to that their actions were
motivated by intent to gain personal profit or advantage, the degree to that their liability is primary or secondary, and the degree to that their conduct is active or passive. 
 (c) The Company hereby agrees to fully indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Indemnitee from any claims of contribution that may be brought by officers,
directors, or employees of the Company, other than Indemnitee, who may be jointly liable with Indemnitee. 
 (d) To the fullest extent
permissible under applicable law, if the indemnification provided for in this Agreement is unavailable to Indemnitee for any reason whatsoever, the Company, in lieu of indemnifying Indemnitee, will contribute to the amount incurred by
Indemnitee, whether for judgments, fines, penalties, excise taxes, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement or for Expenses, in connection with any claim relating to an indemnifiable event under this Agreement, in such proportion as is deemed
fair and reasonable in light of all of the circumstances of such Proceeding in order to reflect (i) the relative benefits received by the Company and Indemnitee as a result of the event(s) or transaction(s) giving cause to such Proceeding; and
(ii) the relative fault of the Company (and its directors, officers, employees, and agents) and Indemnitee in connection with such event(s) or transaction(s). 
 4. Indemnification for Expenses of a Witness. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that Indemnitee is, by reason of his or her Corporate Status, a witness in any Proceeding to
which Indemnitee is not a party, the Company will indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf in connection therewith. 
 5. Advancement of Expenses. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company will advance all Expenses incurred by or on behalf
of Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding by reason of Indemnitee’s Corporate 

  

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Status within 20 days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements from Indemnitee requesting such advance or advances from time to time,
whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding. Such statement or statements will reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee and will include or be preceded or accompanied by an undertaking by or on behalf of Indemnitee
to repay any Expenses advanced if it is ultimately determined that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified against such Expenses. Any advances and undertakings to repay pursuant to this Section 5 will be unsecured and interest free.

 6. Procedures and Presumptions for Determination of Entitlement to Indemnification. It is the intent of this Agreement to secure
for Indemnitee rights of indemnity that are as favorable as may be permitted under the DGCL and public policy of the State of Delaware. Accordingly, the parties agree that the following procedures and presumptions will apply in the event of any
question as to whether Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification under this Agreement: 
 (a) To obtain indemnification under this
Agreement, Indemnitee must submit to the Company a written request, including such documentation and information as is reasonably available to Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent Indemnitee is entitled to
indemnification. The Secretary of the Company will, promptly upon receipt of such a request for indemnification, advise the Board that Indemnitee has requested indemnification. 
 (b) Upon written request by Indemnitee for indemnification pursuant to the first sentence of Section 6(a), a determination, if required by
applicable law, with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification will be made in the specific case by one of the following four methods, which will be at the election of the Board: (1) by a majority vote of the Disinterested
Directors, even though less than a quorum; (2) by a committee of Disinterested Directors designated by a majority vote of the Disinterested Directors; even though less than a quorum; (3) if there are no Disinterested Directors or if the
Disinterested Directors so direct, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board, a copy of which will be delivered to the Indemnitee; or (4) if so directed by the Board, by the stockholders of the Company. Indemnitee will reasonably
cooperate with the Person making the determination with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification, including providing to such Person upon reasonable advance request any documentation or information that is not privileged or
otherwise protected from disclosure and that is reasonably available to Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to such determination. Any Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in so cooperating with the Person making such
determination will be borne by the Company (irrespective of the determination as to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification) and the Company hereby indemnifies, defends, and agrees to hold Indemnitee harmless from any such costs and
expenses. If it is determined that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification requested by Indemnitee in a written application submitted to the Company pursuant to Section 6, payment to Indemnitee will be made within 20 days after such
determination. 
  

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 (c) In the event the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent
Counsel pursuant to Section 6(b), the Independent Counsel will be selected as provided in this Section 6(c). If a Change in Control has not occurred, the Independent Counsel will be selected by the Board, and the Company will
give written notice to Indemnitee advising him or her of the identity of the Independent Counsel so selected. If a Change in Control has occurred, the Independent Counsel will be selected by Indemnitee (unless Indemnitee requests that such selection
be made by the Board, in which event the preceding sentence will apply), and Indemnitee will give written notice to the Company advising it of the identity of the Independent Counsel so selected. In either event, Indemnitee or the Company, as the
case may be, may, within ten days after such written notice of selection has been received, deliver to the Company or to Indemnitee, as the case may be, a written objection to such selection; provided, however, that such objection may be asserted
only on the ground that the Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of “Independent Counsel” as defined in this Agreement, and the objection will set forth with particularity the factual basis of such assertion.
Absent a proper and timely objection, the person so selected will act as Independent Counsel. If a written objection is made and substantiated, the Independent Counsel so selected may not serve as Independent Counsel unless and until such objection
is withdrawn or a court of competent jurisdiction has determined that such objection is without merit. The Company agrees to pay the reasonable fees and expenses of the Independent Counsel and to fully indemnify such Independent Counsel against any
and all Expenses, claims, liabilities, and damages arising out of or relating to this Agreement or its engagement pursuant to this Agreement. 
 (d) In making a determination with respect to entitlement to indemnification under this Agreement, the Person making such determination will presume that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification under this Agreement. Anyone seeking to
overcome this presumption will have the burden of proof and the burden of persuasion by clear and convincing evidence. Neither the failure of the Company (including by its directors or Independent Counsel) to have made a determination before to the
commencement of any action pursuant to this Agreement that indemnification is proper in the circumstances because Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct, nor an actual determination by the Company (including by its directors or
Independent Counsel) that Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, will be a defense to the action or create a presumption that Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct. 
 (e) Indemnitee will be deemed to have acted in good faith if Indemnitee’s action is based on the records or books of account of the Enterprise,
including financial statements, or on information supplied to Indemnitee by the officers or employees of the Enterprise in the course of their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Enterprise or on information or records given or reports
made to the Enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected by the Enterprise. In addition, the knowledge or actions, or failure to act, of any director, officer, agent, or employee of the
Enterprise will not be imputed to Indemnitee for purposes of determining the right to indemnification under this 

  

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Agreement. Whether or not the foregoing provisions of this Section 6(e) are satisfied, it will in any event be presumed that Indemnitee has at
all times acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company. Anyone seeking to overcome this presumption will have the burden of proof and the burden of persuasion by clear
and convincing evidence. 
 (f) If the Person empowered or selected under Section 6 to determine whether Indemnitee is entitled
to indemnification has not made a determination within 60 days after receipt by the Company of the request therefor, the requisite determination of entitlement to indemnification will be deemed to have been made and Indemnitee will be entitled to
such indemnification absent (i) a misstatement by Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make Indemnitee’s statement not materially misleading, in connection with the request for indemnification or
(ii) a prohibition of such indemnification under applicable law; provided, however, that such 60-day period may be extended for a reasonable time, not to exceed an additional 30 days, if the Person making such determination with respect to
entitlement to indemnification in good faith requires such additional time to obtain or evaluate documentation information relating thereto; and provided, further, that the foregoing provisions of this Section 6(f) will not apply if the
determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by the stockholders pursuant to Section 6(b) of this Agreement and if (A) within 15 days after receipt by the Company of the request for such determination, the Board or
the Disinterested Directors, if appropriate, resolve to submit such determination to the stockholders for their consideration at an annual meeting thereof to be held within 75 days after such receipt and such determination is made thereat, or
(B) a special meeting of stockholders is called within 15 days after such receipt for the purpose of making such determination, such meeting is held for such purpose within 60 days after having been so called and such determination is made
thereat. 
 (g) Indemnitee will cooperate with the Person making such determination with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement to
indemnification, including providing to such Person upon reasonable advance request any documentation or information that is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and that is reasonably available to Indemnitee and reasonably
necessary to such determination. Any Independent Counsel, member of the Board, or stockholder of the Company will act reasonably and in good faith in making a determination regarding the Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification under this
Agreement. Any Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in so cooperating with the Person making such determination will be borne by the Company (irrespective of the determination as to Indemnitee’s entitlement to
indemnification) and the Company hereby agrees to indemnify, defend, and hold Indemnitee harmless therefrom. 
 (h) The Company acknowledges
that a settlement or other disposition short of final judgment may be successful if it permits a party to avoid expense, delay, distraction, disruption, or uncertainty. In the event that any Proceeding to which Indemnitee is a party is resolved in
any manner other than by adverse judgment against Indemnitee (including, without limitation, settlement of such 

  

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Proceeding with or without payment of money or other consideration) it will be presumed that Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise in
such Proceeding. Anyone seeking to overcome this presumption will have the burden of proof and the burden of persuasion by clear and convincing evidence. 
 (i) The termination of any Proceeding or of any claim, issue, or matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement, or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, will not (except as otherwise
expressly provided in this Agreement) of itself adversely affect the right of Indemnitee to indemnification or create a presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner that he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed
to the best interests of the Company or, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. 
 7. Remedies of Indemnitee. 
 (a) In the event that (i) a determination is made pursuant to
Section 6 of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement, (ii) advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 5 of this Agreement, (iii) no determination of
entitlement to indemnification is made pursuant to Section 6(b) of this Agreement within 90 days after receipt by the Company of the request for indemnification, (iv) payment of indemnification is not made pursuant to this Agreement
within 20 days after receipt by the Company of a written request therefor; or (v) payment of indemnification is not made within 20 days after a determination has been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification or such determination is
deemed to have been made pursuant to Section 6 of this Agreement, Indemnitee will be entitled to an adjudication in an appropriate court of the State of Delaware, or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, of Indemnitee’s
entitlement to such indemnification or payment. Indemnitee will commence such proceeding seeking an adjudication within 180 days following the date on that Indemnitee first has the right to commence such proceeding pursuant to this
Section 7(a). The Company will not oppose Indemnitee’s right to seek any such adjudication. 
 (b) In the event that a
determination has been made pursuant to Section 6(b) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 7 will be conducted in all respects as a
de novo trial on the merits, and Indemnitee will not be prejudiced by reason of the adverse determination under Section 6(b). 
 (c) If a determination has been made pursuant to Section 6(b) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Company will be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to
this Section 7, absent (i) a misstatement by Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make Indemnitee’s misstatement not materially misleading in connection with the application for
indemnification, or (ii) a prohibition of such indemnification under applicable law. 
  

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 (d) In the event that Indemnitee, pursuant to this Section 7, seeks a judicial adjudication
of his rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Agreement, or to recover under any directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies maintained by the Company, the Company will pay on his behalf, in advance, any and all
Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him in such judicial adjudication, regardless of whether Indemnitee ultimately is determined to be entitled to such indemnification, advancement of Expenses or insurance recovery. 
 (e) The Company will be precluded from asserting in any proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 7 that the procedures and presumptions
of this Agreement are not valid, binding, and enforceable and will stipulate in any such court that the Company is bound by all the provisions of this Agreement. The Company will indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Indemnitee against any and all
Expenses and, if requested by Indemnitee, will (within 20 days after receipt by the Company of a written request therefore) advance, to the extent not prohibited by law, such expenses to Indemnitee, that are incurred by Indemnitee in connection with
any action brought by Indemnitee for indemnification or advance of Expenses from the Company under this Agreement or under any directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies maintained by the Company, regardless of whether
Indemnitee ultimately is determined to be entitled to such indemnification, advancement of Expenses, or insurance recovery, as the case may be. 
 (f) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, no determination as to entitlement to indemnification under this Agreement will be required to be made prior to the final disposition of the Proceeding. 
 8. Non-Exclusivity; Survival of Rights; Insurance; Subrogation. 
 (a) The rights of indemnification as provided by this Agreement will not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to that Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the Certificate, the Bylaws, any
agreement, a vote of stockholders, a resolution of directors, or otherwise. No amendment, alteration, or repeal of this Agreement or of any provision of this Agreement will limit or restrict any right of Indemnitee under this Agreement in respect of
any action taken or omitted by such Indemnitee in his or her Corporate Status prior to such amendment, alteration, or repeal. To the extent that a change in the DGCL, whether by statute or judicial decision, permits greater indemnification than
would be afforded currently under the Certificate, the Bylaws, or this Agreement, it is the intent of the parties to this Agreement that Indemnitee will enjoy by this Agreement the greater benefits so afforded by such change. No right or in this
Agreement conferred is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every other right and remedy will be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given under this Agreement or now or hereafter existing at law or in
equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy under this Agreement, or otherwise, will not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other right or remedy. 
  

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 (b) The Company hereby covenants and agrees that, so long as Indemnitee serves as a [director or
officer] of the Company and thereafter so long as Indemnitee may be subject to any possible Proceeding by reason of the fact that Indemnitee was a [director or officer] of the Company, the Company, subject to Section 8(d),
will promptly obtain and maintain in full force and effect liability insurance to protect Indemnitee from personal liabilities incurred by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was serving in such capacity (“Liability Insurance”) in
reasonable amounts from established and reputable insurers. 
 (c) In all applicable policies of Liability Insurance, Indemnitee will be
named as an insured and will be covered by such policies in accordance with their terms to the maximum extent of the coverage available for any director, officer, employee, or agent or fiduciary under such policy or policies. . 
 (d) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company will have no obligation to obtain or maintain Liability Insurance if the Company determines in good faith
that such insurance is not reasonably available, the premium costs for such insurance are disproportionate to the amount of coverage provided, the coverage provided by such insurance is limited by exclusions so as to provide an insufficient benefit,
or Indemnitee is covered by similar insurance maintained by a subsidiary of the Company or by another person pursuant to a contractual obligation owed to the Company or Indemnitee. 
 (e) Following the receipt of a notice of a claim pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, the Company will give prompt notice of the commencement of
such Proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies. The Company will thereafter take all necessary or desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of the Indemnitee, all amounts
payable as a result of such Proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policies. 
 (f) In the event of any payment under this
Agreement, the Company will be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who will execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents
as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights. 
 (g) The Company will not be liable under this Agreement to
make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable under this Agreement if and to the extent that Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement, or otherwise. 
 (h) The Company’s obligation to indemnify or advance Expenses under this Agreement to Indemnitee who is or was serving another Person in Corporate
Status will be reduced by any amount Indemnitee has actually received as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other Person. 
  

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 9. Exception to Right of Indemnification. Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement, the
Company will not be obligated under this Agreement to make any indemnity in connection with any claim made against Indemnitee: 
 (a) for
which payment has actually been made to or on behalf of Indemnitee under any insurance policy or other indemnity provision, except with respect to any excess beyond the amount paid under any insurance policy or other indemnity provision; 

(b) for an accounting of profits made from the purchase and sale (or sale and purchase) by Indemnitee of securities of the Company within the meaning
of Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act or similar provisions of state law; or 
 (c) in connection with any Proceeding (or any part of
any Proceeding) initiated by Indemnitee, including any Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding) initiated by Indemnitee against the Company or its directors, officers, employees, or other indemnitees, unless (i) the Board authorized the
Proceeding (or such part of any Proceeding) prior to its initiation or (ii) the Company provides the indemnification, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the Company under applicable law. 
 10. Duration of Agreement. All agreements and obligations of the Company contained this Agreement will continue during the period Indemnitee is an
officer or director of the Company (or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another Person) and will continue thereafter so long as Indemnitee is, or may be made, the subject to any Proceeding
(or any proceeding commenced under Section 7) by reason of his or her Corporate Status, whether or not he or she is acting or serving in any such capacity at the time any liability or Expense is incurred for that indemnification can be
provided under this Agreement. This Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the parties and their respective successors (including any direct or indirect successor by purchase, merger, consolidation or
otherwise to all or a majority of the business or assets or income or revenue generating capacity of the Company), assigns, spouses, heirs, executors, and personal and legal representatives. 
 11. Security. To the extent requested by Indemnitee and approved by the Board, the Company may at any time and from time to time provide security
to Indemnitee for the Company’s obligations under this Agreement through an irrevocable bank line of credit, funded trust or other collateral. Any such security, once provided to Indemnitee, may not be revoked or released without the prior
written consent of the Indemnitee. 
 12. Enforcement. 
 (a) The Company expressly confirms and agrees that it has entered into this Agreement and assumes the obligations imposed on it by this Agreement in order to induce Indemnitee to serve as an officer or director of the

  

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Company, and the Company acknowledges that Indemnitee is relying upon this Agreement in serving as an officer or director of the Company. 
                         (b) Subject to
Section 8(a) hereof, this Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the matter hereof and supersedes all prior written and oral, and contemporaneous oral, agreements, negotiations, and
understandings, express or implied, between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Section 12(b) will not be construed to limit any other rights Indemnitee may have under the Certificate, the Bylaws, applicable law
or otherwise. 
 13. Period of Limitations. No legal action may be brought and no cause of action may be asserted by or in the right
of the Company against Indemnitee, Indemnitee’s estate, spouse, heirs, executors or personal or legal representatives after the expiration of two years from the date of accrual of such cause of action, and any claim or cause of action of the
Company will be extinguished and deemed released, unless asserted by the timely filing of a legal action within such two year period; provided, however, that if any shorter period of limitations is otherwise applicable to any such cause of action,
such shorter period will govern. 
 14. Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement: 
 (a) “Corporate Status” describes the status of a person who is or was a director, officer, manager, partner, trustee,
employee, agent, or fiduciary of the Enterprise that such person is or was serving at the express request of the Company and includes, without limitation, the status of such person as an advisor to the Enterprise prior to the commencement of service
in any other Corporate Status. 
 (b) “Change in Control” will be deemed to occur upon the earliest to occur
after [DATE] of any of the following events: 
 (i) Any Acquiring Person is or becomes the Beneficial Owner, directly or
indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 20% or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities; 
 (ii) During any period of two consecutive years (not including any period prior to the execution of this Agreement), individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the Board, and any new director (other
than a director designated by a Person who has entered into an agreement with the Company to effect a transaction described in paragraphs (i), (iii) or (iv) of this definition) whose election by the Board or nomination for
election by the Company’s stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so
approved, cease for any reason to constitute a least a majority of the members of the Board; 
  

 12 

 (iii) The effective date of a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other
Person, other than a merger or consolidation that would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into
voting securities of the surviving entity) more than 51% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the surviving Person outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation and with the power to elect at least a majority of the
board of directors or other governing body of such surviving Person; 
 (iv) The approval by the stockholders of the Company
of a complete liquidation of the Company or an agreement for the sale or disposition by the Company of all or a majority of the Company’s assets or income or revenue generating capacity; or 
 (v) There occurs any other event of a nature that would be required to be reported in response to Item 6(e) of Schedule 14A of
Regulation 14A (or a response to any similar item on any similar schedule or form) promulgated under the Exchange Act, whether or not the Company is then subject to such reporting requirement. 
 For purposes of the foregoing, the following terms will have the following meanings: 
 (i) “Acquiring Person” will mean a “person” or “group” within the meaning of Sections 13(d) and
14(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, that Acquiring Person will exclude (i) the Company, (ii) any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company, and (iii) any Person owned,
directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of stock of the Company. 
 (ii) “Beneficial Owner” will have the meaning given to such term in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act; provided, however, that Beneficial Owner will exclude any Person otherwise becoming a Beneficial
Owner by reason of the stockholders of the Company approving a merger of the Company with another Person. 
                         (c) “Disinterested Director” means a director of the Company who is not and was
not a party to the Proceeding in respect of that indemnification is sought by Indemnitee. 
                         (d) “Enterprise” will mean the Company and any other Person that Indemnitee is
or was serving at the express request of the Company. 
                         (e) “Exchange Act” will mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

  

 13 

 (f) “Expenses” will include all reasonable attorneys’ fees, retainers, court
costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in
connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, participating, or being or preparing to be a witness in a Proceeding. Expenses also will include Expenses incurred in connection with any appeal resulting from
any Proceeding, including without limitation the premium, security for, and other costs relating to any cost bond, supersedeas bond, or other appeal bond or its equivalent. Expenses, however, will not include amounts paid in settlement by Indemnitee
or the amount of judgments or fines against Indemnitee. 
 (g) “Independent Counsel” means a law firm, or a member of a law
firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither presently is, nor in the past five years has been, retained to represent: (i) the Company or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party (other than with respect to
matters concerning Indemnitee under this Agreement, or of other indemnitees under similar indemnification agreements), or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification under this Agreement. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the term “Independent Counsel” will not include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the Company or Indemnitee in an
action to determine Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement. 
 (h) “Person” means any individual, corporation,
partnership, limited liability company, trust, benefit plan, governmental or quasi-governmental agency, and any other entity, public or private. 
 (i) “Proceeding” includes any threatened, pending, or completed action, claim, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing, or any other actual, threatened, or
completed proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the Company or otherwise and whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative, in which Indemnitee was, is or will be involved as a party or otherwise, by reason of the fact that
Indemnitee is or was acting in his or her Corporate Status, by reason of any action taken by him or her or of any inaction on his or her part while acting in his or her Corporate Status; in each case whether or not he or she is acting or serving in
any such capacity at the time any liability or expense is incurred for that indemnification can be provided under this Agreement; including any Proceeding pending on or before the date of this Agreement, but excluding any Proceeding initiated by an
Indemnitee pursuant to Section 7 of this Agreement to enforce his or her rights under this Agreement. 
 15. Severability.
The invalidity of unenforceability of any provision of this Agreement will in no way affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this Agreement is intended to confer upon Indemnitee
indemnification rights to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. In the event any provision of this Agreement conflicts with any applicable law, such 

  

 14 

 
provision will be deemed modified, consistent with the aforementioned intent, to the extent necessary to resolve such conflict. 
 16. Modification and Waiver. No supplement, modification, termination, or amendment of this Agreement will be binding unless executed in writing
by each of the parties. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement will be deemed or will constitute a waiver of any other provisions of this Agreement (whether or not similar) nor will such waiver constitute a continuing waiver. This
Agreement cannot be modified or amended, or any provision of this Agreement waived, by course of conduct. 
 17. Notice By
Indemnitee. Indemnitee agrees promptly to notify the Company in writing upon being served with or otherwise receiving any summons, citation, subpoena, complaint, indictment, information, or other document relating to any Proceeding or matter
that may be subject to indemnification covered under this Agreement. The failure to so notify the Company will not relieve the Company of any obligation that it may have to Indemnitee under this Agreement unless and only to the extent that such
failure or delay materially prejudices the Company. 
 18. Notices. All notices and other communications given or made pursuant to
this Agreement will be in writing and will be deemed effectively given: (a) upon personal delivery to the party to be notified, (b) when sent by confirmed electronic mail or facsimile if sent during normal business hours of the recipient,
and if not so confirmed, then on the next business day, five days after having been sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or (d) one day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier,
specifying next day delivery, with written verification of receipt. All communications will be sent: 
 (a) To Indemnitee at the address set
forth below Indemnitee signature hereto. 
 (b) To the Company at: 
  

	 	

  

	 	

  

	 	

 Attention:     

	 	

 or to such other address as may have been furnished to Indemnitee by the Company
or to the Company by Indemnitee, as the case may be. 
 19. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts,
each of which will be deemed an original, but all of that together will constitute one and the same Agreement. This Agreement may also be executed and delivered by facsimile signature and in two or more counterparts, each of that will be deemed an
original, but all of that together will constitute one and the same instrument. 
 20. Rules of Construction. 
  

 15 

 (a) The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and will not be
deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction of this Agreement. 
 (b) Time is of the essence with respect to
this Agreement. 
 (c) Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “Sections” are to Sections of this Agreement.

 (d) This Agreement will be liberally construed in favor of Indemnitee. 
 (e) Use of the word “or” will not be exclusive. 
 (f) Use of defined terms in the singular will include the plural, and vice versa. 
 21. Governing
Law and Consent to Jurisdiction. This Agreement and the legal relations among the parties will be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the Federal laws of the United States of America and the laws of the State of Delaware,
without regard to its conflict of laws rules or any other principle that could result in the application of the laws of any other jurisdiction. The Company and Indemnitee hereby irrevocably and unconditionally (i) agree that any action or
proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement will be brought only in the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware (the “Delaware Court”), and not in any other state or Federal court in the United States of America
or any court in any other country, (ii) consent to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Delaware Court for purposes of any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, (iii) appoint, to the extent such
party is not otherwise subject to service of process in the State of Delaware, irrevocably [NAME] [ADDRESS] as its agent in the State of Delaware as such party’s agent for acceptance of legal process in connection with any such action or
proceeding against such party with the same legal force and validity as if served upon such party personally within the State of Delaware, (iv) waive any objection to the laying of venue of any such action or proceeding in the Delaware Court,
and (v) waive, and agree not to plead or to make, any claim that any such action or proceeding brought in the Delaware Court has been brought in an improper or inconvenient forum. 
 SIGNATURE PAGE TO FOLLOW 
  

 16 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on and as of the day and year first
above written. 
  

			
	IDEARC INC.
		
	By:	 	  

			
	 Name:
	 	  

			
	 Title:
	 	  
		 	

  

			
	INDEMNITEE
	
	  
	 Name:

	
	  
		
	 Address:
	 	
	  
	  
	  
	  

  

 17Form of Indenture

 Exhibit 4.5 
  

 MediciNova, Inc. 
 TO 
 [            ] 
                                       
          Trustee 
  

 Indenture 
 Dated as of
l, 2006 
  

  

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 
  

					
	 	  	 	  	Page
		  	ARTICLE ONE	  	
			
		  	DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION	  	
			
	 Section 101.
	  	 Definitions
	  	1
	 Section 102.
	  	 Compliance Certificates and Opinions
	  	10
	 Section 103.
	  	 Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee
	  	10
	 Section 104.
	  	 Acts of Holders
	  	11
	 Section 105.
	  	 Notices, Etc. to Trustee and Company
	  	12
	 Section 106.
	  	 Notice to Holders; Waiver
	  	12
	 Section 107.
	  	 Conflict With Trust Indenture Act
	  	13
	 Section 108.
	  	 Effect of Headings and Table of Contents
	  	13
	 Section 109.
	  	 Successors and Assigns
	  	13
	 Section 110.
	  	 Separability Clause
	  	14
	 Section 111.
	  	 Benefits of Indenture
	  	14
	 Section 112.
	  	 Governing Law
	  	14
	 Section 113.
	  	 Legal Holidays
	  	14
	 Section 114.
	  	 Rules by Trustee and Agents
	  	14
	 Section 115.
	  	 No Recourse Against Others
	  	14
			
		  	ARTICLE TWO	  	
			
		  	SECURITY FORMS	  	
			
	 Section 201.
	  	 Forms Generally
	  	15
	 Section 202.
	  	 Form of Face of Security
	  	15
	 Section 203.
	  	 Form of Reverse of Security
	  	17
	 Section 204.
	  	 Form of Legend for Global Securities
	  	20
	 Section 205.
	  	 Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication
	  	21
			
		  	ARTICLE THREE	  	
			
		  	THE SECURITIES	  	
			
	 Section 301.
	  	 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series
	  	21
	 Section 302.
	  	 Denominations
	  	25
	 Section 303.
	  	 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating
	  	26

  

 i 

					
	 Section 304.
	  	 Temporary Securities
	  	27
	 Section 305.
	  	 Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange
	  	28
	 Section 306.
	  	 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities
	  	29
	 Section 307.
	  	 Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved
	  	30
	 Section 308.
	  	 Persons Deemed Owners
	  	32
	 Section 309.
	  	 Cancellation
	  	33
	 Section 310.
	  	 Computation of Interest
	  	33
	 Section 311.
	  	 Global Securities; Exchanges; Registration and Registration of Transfer
	  	33
	 Section 312.
	  	 Extension of Interest Payment
	  	34
			
		  	ARTICLE FOUR	  	
			
		  	DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE	  	
			
	 Section 401.
	  	 Termination of Company’s Obligations
	  	34
	 Section 402.
	  	 Defeasance and Discharge of Indenture
	  	36
	 Section 403.
	  	 Defeasance of Certain Obligations
	  	36
	 Section 404.
	  	 Conditions to Defeasance
	  	36
	 Section 405.
	  	 Application of Trust Money
	  	38
	 Section 406.
	  	 Reinstatement
	  	39
			
		  	ARTICLE FIVE	  	
			
		  	REMEDIES	  	
			
	 Section 501.
	  	 Events of Default
	  	39
	 Section 502.
	  	 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment
	  	40
	 Section 503.
	  	 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee
	  	42
	 Section 504.
	  	 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim
	  	42
	 Section 505.
	  	 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities or Coupons
	  	43
	 Section 506.
	  	 Application of Money Collected
	  	43
	 Section 507.
	  	 Limitation on Suits
	  	44
	 Section 508.
	  	 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest
	  	44
	 Section 509.
	  	 Restoration of Rights and Remedies
	  	45
	 Section 510.
	  	 Rights and Remedies Cumulative
	  	45
	 Section 511.
	  	 Delay or Omission Not Waiver
	  	45
	 Section 512.
	  	 Control by Holders
	  	45
	 Section 513.
	  	 Waiver of Past Defaults
	  	46

  

 ii 

					
	 Section 514.
	  	 Undertaking for Costs
	  	46
	 Section 515.
	  	 Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws
	  	46
			
		  	ARTICLE SIX	  	
			
		  	THE TRUSTEE	  	
			
	 Section 601.
	  	 Certain Duties and Responsibilities
	  	47
	 Section 602.
	  	 Notice of Defaults
	  	48
	 Section 603.
	  	 Certain Rights of Trustee
	  	48
	 Section 604.
	  	 Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities
	  	49
	 Section 605.
	  	 May Hold Securities
	  	49
	 Section 606.
	  	 Money Held in Trust
	  	50
	 Section 607.
	  	 Compensation and Reimbursement
	  	50
	 Section 608.
	  	 Disqualification; Conflicting Interests
	  	50
	 Section 609.
	  	 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility
	  	50
	 Section 610.
	  	 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor
	  	51
	 Section 611.
	  	 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor
	  	52
	 Section 612.
	  	 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business
	  	53
	 Section 613.
	  	 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company
	  	54
	 Section 614.
	  	 Appointment of Authenticating Agent
	  	54
			
		  	ARTICLE SEVEN	  	
			
		  	HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY	  	
			
	 Section 701.
	  	 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders
	  	56
	 Section 702.
	  	 Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders
	  	56
	 Section 703.
	  	 Reports by Trustee
	  	57
	 Section 704.
	  	 Reports by Company
	  	59
			
		  	ARTICLE EIGHT	  	
			
		  	CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE OR TRANSFER	  	
			
	 Section 801.
	  	 Company May Consolidate, Etc. Only on Certain Terms
	  	59
	 Section 802.
	  	 Successor Corporation Substituted
	  	60

  

 iii 

					
		  	ARTICLE NINE	  	
			
		  	SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	  	
			
	 Section 901.
	  	 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders
	  	60
	 Section 902.
	  	 Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders
	  	62
	 Section 903.
	  	 Execution of Supplemental Indentures
	  	64
	 Section 904.
	  	 Effect of Supplemental Indentures
	  	64
	 Section 905.
	  	 Conformity With Trust Indenture Act
	  	64
	 Section 906.
	  	 Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures
	  	64
	 Section 907.
	  	 Revocation and Effect of Consents
	  	64
	 Section 908.
	  	 Modification Without Supplemental Indenture
	  	65
			
		  	ARTICLE TEN	  	
			
		  	COVENANTS	  	
			
	 Section 1001.
	  	 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest
	  	65
	 Section 1002.
	  	 Maintenance of Office or Agency
	  	66
	 Section 1003.
	  	 Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust
	  	67
	 Section 1004.
	  	 Statement by Officers as to Default
	  	68
	 Section 1005.
	  	 Corporate Existence
	  	69
	 Section 1006.
	  	 Payment of Taxes and Other Claims
	  	69
	 Section 1007.
	  	 Waiver of Certain Covenants
	  	69
	 Section 1008.
	  	 Maintenance of Properties
	  	70
			
		  	ARTICLE ELEVEN	  	
			
		  	REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES	  	
			
	 Section 1101.
	  	 Applicability of Article
	  	70
	 Section 1102.
	  	 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee
	  	70
	 Section 1103.
	  	 Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed
	  	70
	 Section 1104.
	  	 Notice of Redemption
	  	71
	 Section 1105.
	  	 Securities Payable on Redemption Date
	  	72
	 Section 1106.
	  	 Securities Redeemed in Part
	  	73
			
		  	ARTICLE TWELVE	  	
			
		  	SINKING FUNDS	  	
			
	 Section 1201.
	  	 Applicability of Article
	  	73
	 Section 1202.
	  	 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments With Securities
	  	73
	 Section 1203.
	  	 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund
	  	74

  

 iv 

					
		  	ARTICLE THIRTEEN	  	
			
		  	REPAYMENT OF SECURITIES AT OPTION OF HOLDERS	  	
			
	 Section 1301.
	  	 Applicability of Article
	  	74
	 Section 1302.
	  	 Notice of Repayment Date
	  	74
	 Section 1303.
	  	 Securities Payable on Repayment Date
	  	75
	 Section 1304.
	  	 Securities Repaid in Part
	  	76
			
		  	ARTICLE FOURTEEN	  	
			
		  	SUBORDINATION	  	
			
	 Section 1401.
	  	 Agreement to Subordinate Certain Securities
	  	76
	 Section 1402.
	  	 Liquidation; Dissolution; Bankruptcy
	  	76
	 Section 1403.
	  	 Default on Designated Senior Debt
	  	77
	 Section 1404.
	  	 Acceleration of Subordinated Securities
	  	78
	 Section 1405.
	  	 When Distribution Must Be Paid Over
	  	78
	 Section 1406.
	  	 Notice by Company
	  	78
	 Section 1407.
	  	 Subrogation
	  	78
	 Section 1408.
	  	 Relative Rights
	  	79
	 Section 1409.
	  	 Subordination May Not Be Impaired by Company
	  	79
	 Section 1410.
	  	 Distribution or Notice to Representative
	  	79
	 Section 1411.
	  	 Rights of Trustee and Paying Agent
	  	80
	 Section 1412.
	  	 Authorization to Effect Subordination
	  	80
	 Section 1413.
	  	 Amendments
	  	80

  

 v 

 INDENTURE, dated as of
                     l, 2006, between
MediciNova, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of Delaware (herein called the “Company”), having its principal office at 4350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, California 992122, and [TRUSTEE]
(herein called the “Trustee”). 
 RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

 The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its
unsecured debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (each herein called a “Security” or collectively the “Securities”), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued in one or more
series as in this Indenture provided. 
 All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its
terms, have been done. 
 NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH: 
 For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal
and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of any series thereof, as follows: 
 ARTICLE ONE 
 DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION 
 Section 101. Definitions. For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires; 
 (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular; 
 (2) all other terms used herein that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them
therein; 
 (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the term “generally accepted accounting principles” with respect to any computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting
principles as are generally accepted in the United States at the date of such computation or, at the election of the Company from time to time, at the date of the execution and delivery of this Indenture. 
 (4) the word “or” is not exclusive; and 
 (5) the words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision. 
  

 1 

 Certain terms, used principally in Article Six, are defined in that Article. 
 “Act”, when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in Section 104. 
 “Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or
indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing. 
 “Authenticating Agent” means any Person authorized by the Trustee to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities.

 “Authorized Newspaper” means a newspaper of general circulation, in an official language of the country of
publication or in the English language, customarily published on a daily basis (including newspapers published on a daily basis except not published on days other than Business Days) in such country. Whenever successive weekly publications in an
Authorized Newspaper are required hereunder, they may be made (unless otherwise expressly provided herein) on the same or different days of the week and in the same or different Authorized Newspapers. 
 “Authorized Officer” means any person (whether designated by name or the persons for the time being holding a designated office)
appointed by or pursuant to a Board Resolution for the purpose, or a particular purpose, of this Indenture, provided that written notice of such appointment shall have been given to the Trustee. 
 “Board of Directors” means either the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of that board.

 “Board Resolution” when used with reference to the Company means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee. 
 “Business Day”, when used with respect to any Place of Payment or any other particular location specified in the Securities or
this Indenture, means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment, such other location or the city in which the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee is located, are
authorized or obligated by law to close, except as may be otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301(b). 
 “Capital Lease Obligation” means, at the time any determination thereof is to be made, the amount of the liability in respect of a capital lease that would at such time be required to be capitalized on a balance
sheet in accordance with GAAP. 
 “Capital Stock” means (i) in the case of a corporation, corporate stock;
(ii) in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other 

  

 2 

 
equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock; (iii) in the case of a partnership or limited liability company, partnership or membership
interests (whether general or limited); and (iv) any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person. 
 “Code” means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. 
 “Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the
United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or, if at any time after the execution of this indenture such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties
at such time. 
 “Company” means the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this
instrument until a successor Person has become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person. 
 “Company Request” or “Company Order” means a written request or order signed in the name of the Company
by an Authorized Officer and delivered to the Trustee. 
 “Corporate Trust Office” means the principal office of the
Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered and which at the date hereof is located at l.

 “corporation” includes corporations, associations, joint stock companies, limited liability companies and business
trusts. 
 “Defaulted Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 307. 
 “Depositary” means, with respect to any series of Securities issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more
Global Securities, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, or such other entity specified as contemplated by Section 301(b). The Depository is the entity that holds a Global Security, if any, and operates the computerized
book-entry system through which ownership interests in the Securities are recorded. Such entity shall at all times be a clearing agency registered under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and in good standing thereunder
or, in the case of an entity that holds a Global Security issued outside of the United States, such entity shall at all times be in compliance with any applicable registration requirements and in good standing under application regulations.

 “Dollar” or “$” means a dollar or other equivalent unit in such coin or currency of the
United States as at the time shall be legal tender for the payment of public and private debts. 
 “Eligible
Obligations” means: 
 (a) with respect to Securities denominated in Dollars, U.S. Government Obligations; or 
  

 3 

 (b) with respect to Securities denominated in a currency other than Dollars or in a composite currency,
such other obligations or instruments as shall be specified with respect to such Securities, as contemplated by Section 301(b)(22). 
 “Equity Interests” means Capital Stock and all warrants, options or other rights to acquire Capital Stock (but excluding any debt security that is convertible into, or exchangeable for, Capital Stock). 
 “Event of Default” has the meaning specified in Section 501. 
 “Global Security” means a Security, if any, issued to evidence all or a part of a series of Securities in accordance with
Section 301. 
 “Hedging Obligations” means, with respect to any Person, the obligations of such Person
under (i) interest rate swap agreements, interest rate cap agreements and interest rate collar agreements and (ii) other agreements or arrangements designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in interest rates. 
 “Holder” means the bearer of an Unregistered Security or coupon appertaining thereto or a Person in whose name a Registered
Security is registered in the Security Register. 
 “Indebtedness” means, with respect to any specified Person, any
indebtedness of such Person, whether or not contingent and without duplication (i) in respect of borrowed money; (ii) evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or similar instruments or letters of credit (or reimbursement agreements in respect
thereof); (iii) in respect of banker’s acceptances; (iv) representing Capital Lease Obligations; (v) representing the balance deferred and unpaid of the purchase price of any property, except any such balance that constitutes an
accrued expense or trade payable; or (vi) representing any Hedging Obligations, if and to the extent any of the preceding items (other than letters of credit and Hedging Obligations) would appear as a liability upon a balance sheet of the
specified Person prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, the term “Indebtedness” includes all Indebtedness of others secured by a Lien on any asset of the specified Person (whether or not such Indebtedness is assumed by the
specified Person) and, to the extent not otherwise included, the guaranty by the specified Person of any indebtedness of any other Person. 
 “Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed and as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions
hereof and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 301. 
 “Indexed Security” means a Security the terms of which provide that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the principal face amount thereof at original issuance. 

“interest”, when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security that by its terms bears interest only after
Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity. 
  

 4 

 “Interest Payment Date”, when used with respect to any Security, means the Stated
Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security. 
 “Maturity”, when used with respect to any Security, means
the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, upon call for redemption, exercise of repayment
option or otherwise. 
 “Obligations” means any principal, interest, penalties, fees, indemnifications,
reimbursements, damages, costs and expenses and other liabilities payable under the documentation governing any Indebtedness. 
 “Officer’s Certificate” means a certificate signed by an Authorized Officer and delivered to the Trustee. 
 “Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel, who may be an employee of, or counsel for, the Company or an Affiliate of the Company, and who shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. 
 “Original Issue Discount Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be
due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502. 
 “Outstanding”, when used with respect to Securities of any series, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except: 
 (a) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; 
 (b) Securities or portions thereof for whose payment or redemption money or Eligible Obligations (or any combination of money and Eligible
Obligations) in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company or any other obligor on such Security) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company or any other obligor
on such Security (if the Company or any other obligor on such Security acts as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities; 
 (c) Securities as to which the Company has effected legal defeasance or covenant defeasance as provided in Article Four; 
 (d) Securities that have been paid pursuant to Section 306 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been
authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it and the Company that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser in
whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company; 

  

 5 

 
provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given, made or
taken any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action hereunder, 
 (i) Securities owned by the Company
or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor (unless the Company, such Affiliate or such obligor owns (x) all Securities Outstanding under this Indenture or (y) except for the purposes
of actions to be taken by Holders of more than one series or Tranche voting as a class, all Outstanding Securities of each such series and each such Tranche, as the case may be, determined without regard to this clause) shall be disregarded and
deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities that the Trustee knows to be so owned
shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and
that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor; 
 (ii)
in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Securities of any series or Tranche have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent, the principal amount of Original Issue Discount Securities that shall be deemed to be
outstanding shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502; 
 (iii) in the case of any Security the principal of that is payable from time to time without presentment or surrender, the principal amount of such
Security that shall be deemed to be Outstanding at any time for all purposes of this Indenture shall be the original principal amount thereof less the aggregate amount of principal thereof theretofore paid; and 
 (iv) in the case of Securities having been denominated in a currency other than Dollars and remaining outstanding contemporaneously with Securities
denominated in Dollars, the principal amount of any Security that is denominated in a currency other than Dollars or in a composite currency that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of Dollars that could have been
purchased by the principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the Dollar equivalent on the date determined as set forth below of the amount determined as provided in (ii) of this proviso) of such currency or
composite currency evidenced by such Security, in each such case certified to the Trustee in an Officer’s Certificate based (A) on the average of the mean of the buying and selling spot rates quoted by three banks that are members of the
New York Clearing House Association selected by the Company in effect at 11:00 A.M. (New York time) in The City of New York on the fifteenth Business Day preceding any such determination or (B) if on such fifteenth Business Day it is not
possible or practicable to obtain such quotations from such three banks, on such other quotations or alternative methods of determination that shall be as consistent as practicable with the method set forth in the immediately preceding subclause
(A) above. 
  

 6 

 “Paying Agent” means any Person, including the Company, authorized by the Company
to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities on behalf of the Company. 
 “Payment Blockage
Notice” has the meaning specified in Section 1403. 
 “Periodic Offering” means an
offering of Securities of a series from time to time any or all of the specific terms of which Securities, including without limitation the rate or rates of interest, if any, thereon, the Stated Maturity or Maturities thereof and the redemption
provisions, if any, with respect thereto, are to be determined by the Company or its agents from time to time subsequent to the initial request for the authentication and delivery of such Securities by the Trustee, all as contemplated in Sections
301 and 303. 
 “Permitted Junior Securities” means: (i) Equity Interests in the Company; or
(ii) debt securities that are subordinated to all Senior Debt and any debt securities issued in exchange for Senior Debt to the same extent as, or to a greater extent than, the Subordinated Securities are subordinated to Senior Debt under this
Indenture. 
 “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, partnership, joint
venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. 
 “Place of Payment”, when used with respect to the Securities of any series, or any Tranche thereof, means the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Securities of
that series or Tranche are payable as specified as contemplated by Section 301(b). 
 “Predecessor
Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security, and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and
delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security. 
 “Redemption Date”, when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant
to Section 301(b) of this Indenture. 
 “Redemption Price”, when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture, exclusive of accrued and unpaid interest, if any. 
 “Registered Security” means any Security issued hereunder and registered by the Security Registrar or any recorded interest in a Global Security issued hereunder. 
 “Regular Record Date” for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date on the Securities of any series means the date
specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 301(b). 
  

 7 

 “Repayment Date”, when used with respect to any Security of any series to be
repaid or repurchased, means the date, if any, fixed for such repayment or for such repurchase (whether at the option of the Holders or otherwise) pursuant to Section 301(b) of this Indenture. 
 “Repayment Price”, when used with respect to any Security of any series to be repaid, means the price, if any, at which it is to
be repaid pursuant to Section 301(b). 
 “Representative” means the indenture trustee or other trustee,
agent or representative for any Senior Debt. 
 “Responsible Officer”, when used with respect to the Trustee, means
any officer within the corporate trust department or any other successor group of the Trustee, including any vice president, assistant vice president, assistant secretary or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar
to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer of the Trustee to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the
particular subject. 
 “Security” or “Securities” has the meaning stated in the first recital
of this Indenture and more particularly means any Security or Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. 
 “Security Register” and “Security Registrar” have the respective meanings specified in Section 305. 
 “Senior Debt” means: (i) all Indebtedness of the Company outstanding under any senior credit agreement with lending institutions and all Hedging Obligations with respect thereto;
(ii) any other Indebtedness of the Company permitted to be incurred under the terms of this Indenture, unless the instrument under which such Indebtedness is incurred expressly provides that it is on a parity with or subordinated in right of
payment to the Subordinated Securities; and (iii) all Obligations with respect to the items listed in the preceding clauses (i) and (ii). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding, Senior Debt shall not include:
(i) any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by the Company; (ii) any intercompany Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to the Company or any of its Affiliates; (iii) any trade payables;
or (iv) the portion of any Indebtedness that is incurred in violation of this Indenture. 
 “Senior Securities”
means Securities other than Subordinated Securities. 
 “series” or “series of Securities”
means a series of Securities issued under this Indenture as determined by Board Resolution or as otherwise determined under this Indenture. 
 “Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307. 
 “Stated Maturity”, when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the
principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable. 
  

 8 

 “Subordinated Securities” means Securities that by the terms established pursuant
to Section 301(b)(10) are subordinate to any specified debt of the Company. 
 “Subsidiary” of any Person
means (a) any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the outstanding total voting power ordinarily entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors,
managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Company or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more other Subsidiaries or (b) any partnership the sole general partner
or the managing general partner of which is the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company or the only general partners of which are the Company or of one or more Subsidiaries of the Company (or any combination thereof). 
 “Tranche” means a group of Securities which (a) are of the same series and (b) have identical terms to other Tranches
of such series except as to principal amount, date of issuance or first interest payment date, each of which may vary among Tranches of any one series. 
 “Trustee” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have been appointed with respect to one or more series of
Securities pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” as
used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series. 
 “Trust
Indenture Act” means the United States Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date as of which this instrument was executed, except as provided in Section 905. 
 “U.S. Government Obligations” means (x) any security that is (i) a direct obligation of the United States of America
for the payment of which the full faith and credit of the United States of America are pledged or (ii) an obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment
of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, and (y) any depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act) as custodian with respect
to any U.S. Government Obligation which is specified in Clause (x) above and held by such bank for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of principal of or interest on any U.S. Government
Obligation which is so specified and held. 
 “Unregistered Security” means any Security issued hereunder that is not
a Registered Security. 
 “Vice President”, when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee, means any vice
president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title “vice president”. 
 “Yield to Maturity” means the yield to maturity, calculated by the Company at the time of issuance of a series of Securities or, if applicable, at the most recent determination of interest on such series in
accordance with accepted financial practice. 
  

 9 

 Section 102. Compliance Certificates and Opinions. (a) Except as otherwise expressly provided in
this Indenture upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall, if requested by the Trustee, furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that
all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied
with, except that in the case of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate
or opinion need be furnished. 
 (b) Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in
this Indenture (except for certificates provided for in Section 1004) shall include: 
 (1) a statement that each
individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating thereto; 
 (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; 
 (3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him
to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and 
 (4) a statement
as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with. 
 Section 103. Form of
Documents Delivered to Trustee. (a) In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of,
only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may
certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents. 
 (b) Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may
be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or an Opinion of Counsel, or representations by counsel. Any such Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company. 
 (c) Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be
consolidated and form one instrument. 
  

 10 

 Section 104. Acts of Holders. (a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent duly
appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument
or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing
appointing any such agent, or of the holding by any Person of Unregistered Securities, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 601) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the
manner provided in this Section. 
 (b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by
the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the
execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such
instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner acceptable to the Trustee. 
 (c) The amount of Unregistered Securities held by any Person executing any such instrument or writings as the Holder thereof, and the numbers of such Unregistered Securities, and the date of his holding the same, may be proved by the
production of such Unregistered Securities or by a certificate executed, as depositary, by any trust company, bank, banker or member of a national securities exchange (wherever situated), if such certificate is in form satisfactory to the Trustee,
showing that at the date therein mentioned such Person had on deposit with such depositary, or exhibited to it, the Unregistered Securities therein described; or such facts may be proved by the certificate or affidavit of the Person executing such
instrument or writing as the Holder thereof, if such certificate or affidavit is in form satisfactory to the Trustee. The Trustee and the Company may assume that such ownership of any Unregistered Securities continues until (1) another
certificate bearing a later date issued in respect of the same Unregistered Securities is produced or (2) such Unregistered Securities are produced by some other Person or (3) such Unregistered Securities are registered as to principal or
are surrendered in exchange for Registered Securities, or (4) such Unregistered Securities are no longer Outstanding. 
 (d) The fact
and date of execution of any such instrument or writing and the amount and number of Unregistered Securities held by the Person so executing such instrument or writing may also be proved in any other manner that the Trustee deems sufficient; and the
Trustee may in any instance require further proof with respect to any of the matters referred to in this Section. 
 (e) The principal amount
(except as otherwise contemplated in clause (ii) of the proviso to the definition of “Outstanding”) and serial numbers of Securities held by any Person, and the date of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security Register.

  

 11 

 (f) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election, waiver or other Act of the
Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered
to be done by the Trustee or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security. 
 (g) The
Company may set a record date for purposes of determining the identity of Holders of any Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to vote or consent to any action by vote or consent authorized or permitted by Section 512 or
513. Such record date shall be the later of 30 days prior to the first solicitation of such consent or the date of the most recent list of Holders of such Securities furnished to the Trustee pursuant to Section 701 prior to such
solicitation. 
 (h) If the Company solicits from Holders any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election, waiver or
other Act, the Company may, at its option, fix in advance a record date for the determination of Holders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election, waiver or other Act, but the Company shall have no
obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election, waiver or other Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the Holders of record at the close of
business on the record date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purposes of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of the Outstanding Securities have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, election, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of the record date. 
 Section 105. Notices, Etc. to Trustee and Company. Except as otherwise provided herein, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election, waiver or Act of Holders or other document
provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with, 
 (a) the Trustee by any
Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, Attention: l, or 
 (b) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder
shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal office specified in the first
paragraph of this instrument or at any other address furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company prior to such mailing. 
 Section
106. Notice to Holders; Waiver. (a) Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, where this Indenture provides for notice of any event or reports to Holders, such notice or report shall be sufficiently given if in writing and mailed,
first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of Registered Securities affected by such event, at the address of such Holder as it appears in the Security Register and to 
  

 12 

 
addresses filed with the Trustee or preserved on the Trustee’s list pursuant to Section 702(a) for other Holders (and to such other
addressees as may be required in the case of such notice or report under Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act), not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice or report.

 (b) In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed,
to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders. 
 (c) Notice shall be sufficiently given
to Holders of Unregistered Securities if published in an Authorized Newspaper in each of The City of New York and, if such Securities are listed on any stock exchange outside of the United States, in the city in which such stock exchange is located,
or in such other city or cities as may be specified in the Securities, once in each of two different calendar weeks, the first publication to be not earlier than the earliest date, and not later than the last date, if any, prescribed for the giving
of such notice. 
 (d) Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to
receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any
action taken in reliance upon such waiver. 
 (e) In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause
it is impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such notification that it is made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder. 
 (f) If it is impractical in the opinion of the Trustee or the Company to make any publication of any notice required hereby in an Authorized Newspaper,
any publication or other notice in lieu thereof that is made or given with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient publication of such notice. 
 Section 107. Conflict With Trust Indenture Act. 
 If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or
conflicts with a provision of the Trust Indenture Act which is required under the Trust Indenture Act to be a part of and govern this Indenture, the latter provision shall control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any
provision of the Trust Indenture Act which may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or to be excluded, as the case may be. 
 Section 108. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents. The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only
and shall not affect the construction hereof. 
 Section 109. Successors and Assigns. All covenants and agreements in this Indenture
by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not. 
  

 13 

 Section 110. Separability Clause. In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities is
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. 
 Section 111. Benefits of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto (including any Paying Agent appointed pursuant to
Section 1002 and Authenticating Agent appointed pursuant to Section 614 to the extent provided herein) and their successors hereunder and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this
Indenture. 
 Section 112. Governing Law. This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the
laws of the State of New York in the United States, but without giving effect to the conflicts of laws principles thereof. 
 Section 113.
Legal Holidays. In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date or Stated Maturity of any Security is not a Business Day at any Place of Payment or the city in which the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee is
located, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities, other than a provision in Securities of any series, or in the Board Resolution, Supplemental Indenture or Officer’s Certificate that establishes the
terms of such Securities, that specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next
succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, Repayment Date, or at the Stated Maturity, and such extension of time shall in such case be (1) excluded
in the computation of interest, if any, accruing on such Security at a fixed rate and (2) included in the computation of interest, if any, accruing on such Security at a floating rate; provided, however, that if such extension
would cause payment of interest at a floating rate to be made in the next following calendar month, such payment shall be made on the next preceding Business Day. 
 Section 114. Rules by Trustee and Agents. The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders of one or more series. The Paying Agent or Security Registrar may make reasonable rules
and set reasonable requirements for its functions. 
 Section 115. No Recourse Against Others. No past, present or future director,
officer, stockholder or employee, as such, of the Company or any successor corporation shall have any liability for any obligation of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such
obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the execution and delivery of this Indenture and the issue of the Securities.

  

 14 

 ARTICLE TWO 
 SECURITY FORMS 
 Section 201. Forms Generally. (a) The Securities of each series and related
coupons, if any, shall be in substantially the form set forth in this Article or in such other form as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such
legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of the
Securities. When the form of Securities of any series is established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order
contemplated by Section 303 for the authentication and delivery of such Securities. 
 (b) If required or appropriate under
applicable law, Unregistered Securities and their coupons must have the following statement on their face: 
 ANY UNITED STATES PERSON (AS
DEFINED IN THE U.S. INTERNAL REVENUE CODE) WHO HOLDS THIS OBLIGATION WILL BE SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS UNDER THE UNITED STATES INCOME TAX LAWS, INCLUDING THE LIMITATIONS PROVIDED IN SECTIONS 165(J) AND 1287(A) OF THE U.S. INTERNAL REVENUE CODE.

 If required or appropriate under applicable law, Unregistered Securities and their coupons must have the following statement on their face: 
 BY ACCEPTING THIS OBLIGATION, THE HOLDER REPRESENTS AND WARRANTS THAT IT IS NOT A UNITED STATES PERSON (OTHER THAN AN EXEMPT RECIPIENT DESCRIBED IN
SECTION 6049(B)(4) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND THE REGULATIONS THEREUNDER) AND THAT IT IS NOT ACTING FOR OR ON BEHALF OF A UNITED STATES PERSON (OTHER THAN AN EXEMPT RECIPIENT DESCRIBED IN SECTION 6049(B)(4) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND THE
REGULATIONS THEREUNDER). 
 (c) The definitive Securities shall be produced in such manner or combination of manners, all as determined by
the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities. 
 Section 202. Form of Face of Security.

 [Insert any legend required by the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations thereunder.] 
 MediciNova, Inc. 
  

 15 

 [TITLE OF SECURITY] 
 CUSIP:                     
  

			
	                         No.
            
	  	$             

 MediciNova, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of Delaware (herein
called the “Company”, which term includes any successor Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to
                                    , or registered assigns,
the principal sum of                                     
Dollars on                                      [if
the Security is to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert — , and to pay interest thereon from                  or from the most recent Interest
Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, semi-annually on                  and
                 in each year, commencing                 , at the rate of
    % per annum, to, but excluding, the date that the principal hereof is paid or made available for payment. The interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as
provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be the
         or          (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so punctually
paid or duly provided for will forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on
a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this series not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid at any time
in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities of this series may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, all as more fully provided in said
Indenture]. 
 [If the Security is not to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert — The principal of this
Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a default in payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated Maturity and in such case the overdue principal and any overdue premium shall bear interest at the rate of
    % per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due to, but excluding, the date that they are paid or made available for payment. Interest on
any overdue principal or premium shall be payable on demand. 
 Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and
[if applicable, insert — any such] interest on this Security will be made by check at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in
                , in such coin or currency of [the United States of America] as at the time of payment is legal tender
for payment of public and private debts [if applicable, insert — ; provided, however, that at the option of the Company payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the Person
entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register], provided that if a Holder of more than $1.0 million in principal amount of Securities has given wire transfer instructions to the Company at least
ten Business Days prior to the applicable Interest Payment Date, the Company shall pay all principal and any premium and interest on that Holder’s Securities in accordance with those instructions [if 

  

 16 

 
applicable, insert — ; provided, however, that so long as this Security is registered in the name of The Depository Trust
Company or its nominee, all payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest will be made by the Company in immediately available funds]. 
 Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this place. 
 Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security
shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose. 
 IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly executed by one of its Authorized Officers. 
 Dated:                          
 MediciNova, Inc. 
 By.                                 
 Section 203. Form of Reverse of Security. 
 This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the Company (herein called the “Securities”), issued and to be issued in one or more series under an Indenture, dated as of October l, 2006 (herein called the “Indenture”, which term shall have the meaning assigned to it in such instrument), among the Company and l, as Trustee (herein called the “Trustee”, which term includes any successor trustee under the Indenture), and reference is hereby made to the Indenture for a
statement of the respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered.
This Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof [if applicable, insert — , limited in aggregate principal amount to $            ].

 [If applicable, insert — The Securities of this series are subject to redemption upon not less than 30 days’
notice by mail, [if applicable, insert — (1) on              in any year commencing with the year         
and ending with the year         through operation of the sinking fund for this series at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount, and (2)] at any time [if
applicable, insert — on or after             , 20    ], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the following
Redemption Prices (expressed as percentages of the principal amount): If redeemed [if applicable, insert — on or before             ,
    %, and if redeemed] during the 12-month period beginning              of the years indicated, 
  

 17 

							
	 Year
	 	 Redemption Price
	 	 Year
	  	 Redemption Price

 and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to     % of the principal
amount, together in the case of any such redemption [if applicable, insert — (whether through operation of the sinking fund or otherwise)] with accrued interest to but excluding the Redemption Date, but interest
installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant Regular Record Dates referred to
on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.] 
 [If applicable, insert — The Securities of this
series are subject to redemption upon not less than 30 days’ notice by mail, (1) on              in any year commencing with the year
         and ending with the year          through operation of the sinking fund for this series at the Redemption Prices for redemption through operation
of the sinking fund (expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below, and (2) at any time [if applicable, insert — on or after
            ], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the Redemption Prices for redemption otherwise than through operation of the sinking fund (expressed
as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below: If redeemed during the 12-month period beginning              of the years indicated, 
  

					
	 Year
	 	 Redemption Price For Redemption
 Through Operation of the Sinking Fund
	 	 Redemption Price For Redemption
 Otherwise Than Through Operation
 of
the Sinking Fund

 and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to .% of the principal amount, together in the case of
any such redemption (whether through operation of the sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to but excluding the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to
the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant Regular Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.] 
 [If applicable, insert — The sinking fund for this series provides for the redemption on
             in each year beginning with the year          and ending with the year
         of [if applicable, insert — not less than $             (“mandatory sinking fund”)
and not more than] $             aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series. Securities of this series acquired or redeemed by the Company otherwise than through
[if applicable, insert — mandatory] sinking fund payments may be credited against subsequent [if applicable, insert — mandatory] sinking fund payments otherwise required to
be made [if applicable, insert — , in the inverse order in which they become due].] 
  

 18 

 [If the Security is subject to redemption of any kind, insert — In the event of
redemption of this Security in part only, a new Security or Securities of this series and of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof will be issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.] 
 [If applicable, insert — The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance at any time of the entire indebtedness of the series of which
this Security is a part or certain restrictive covenants and Events of Default with respect to this Security, in each case upon compliance with certain conditions set forth in the Indenture.] 
 [If the Security is not an Original Issue Discount Security, insert — If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series
occurs and is continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.] 
 [If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security, insert — If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series
occurs and is continuing, an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to — insert formula for
determining the amount. Upon payment (i) of the amount of principal so declared due and payable and (ii) of interest on any overdue principal, premium and interest (in each case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be
legally enforceable), all of the Company’s obligations in respect of the payment of the principal of and premium and interest, if any, on the Securities of this series shall terminate.] 
 The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities at the time
Outstanding of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount of the Securities of each series at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the Holders of all
Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Security shall be
conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is
made upon this Security. 
 As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Holder of this Security shall not have the
right to institute any proceeding with respect to the Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee or for any other remedy thereunder, unless such Holder shall have previously given the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of
Default with respect to the Securities of this series, the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Securities of this series at the time Outstanding shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect
of such Event of Default as Trustee and offered the Trustee reasonable indemnity, and the Trustee shall not have received from the Holders of a majority in 

  

 19 

 
principal amount of Securities of this series at the time Outstanding a direction inconsistent with such request, and the Trustee shall have failed to
institute any such proceeding, for 60 days after receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity. The foregoing shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Holder of this Security for the enforcement of any payment of principal hereof or
any premium or interest hereon on or after the respective due dates expressed herein. 
 No reference herein to the Indenture and no
provision of this Security or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and any premium and interest on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the
coin or currency, herein prescribed. 
 As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, the transfer of
this Security is registrable in the Security Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company in any place where the principal of and any premium and interest on this Security are payable,
duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new
Securities of this series and of like tenor, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees. 
 The Securities of this series are issuable [only in registered form without coupons] in denominations of
$             and any integral multiple thereof. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, Securities of this series are exchangeable for a
like aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series and of like tenor of a different authorized denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same. 
 No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

 Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the
Trustee may treat the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the
contrary. 
 This Security shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State of New York in the United States, but
without regard to the principles of conflicts of laws thereof. 
 All terms used in this Security which are defined in the Indenture shall
have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture. 
 Section 204. Form of Legend for Global Securities. 
 Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301(b) for the Securities evidenced thereby, every Global Security authenticated and
delivered hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: 
  

 20 

 THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS
REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR A SECURITY REGISTERED, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY IN WHOLE OR IN PART MAY BE REGISTERED, IN THE NAME OF ANY PERSON OTHER
THAN SUCH DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE THEREOF, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED HEREIN AND IN THE INDENTURE. 
 Section 205.
Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication. The Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following form: 
 This is one of the Securities of the series designated herein, referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture. 
  

			
	 [                ]
     as Trustee

		
	By	 	  
		 	 Authorized Officer

 ARTICLE THREE 
 THE SECURITIES 
 Section 301. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series. (a) The aggregate
principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. 
 (b) The Securities may be issued
in one or more series. There may be Registered Securities and Unregistered Securities within a series. Registered and Unregistered Securities may be in temporary or permanent global form. Unregistered Securities may be issued with or without coupons
attached. Unregistered Securities may be subject to such restrictions, and contain such legends, as may be required by United States laws and regulations. Subject to the last paragraph of this Section, there shall be established in or pursuant to a
Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series, 
 (1) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other Securities);

 (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture (except for Securities 

  

 21 

 
authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to
Section 304, 305, 306, 906, 1107 or 1305 and except for any Securities that, pursuant to Section 303, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder); 
 (3) the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities will be issued and the date or
dates on which the principal (and premium, if any) of the Securities of the series, or any Tranche thereof, is payable; 
 (4)
the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of such series, or any Tranche thereof, is payable or any formula or other method or other means by which such date or dates shall be determined, by reference to an index or other fact or
event ascertainable outside of this Indenture or otherwise (without regard to any provisions for redemption, prepayment, acceleration, purchase or extension); 
 (5) the rate or rates at which the Securities of such series, or any Tranche thereof, shall bear interest, if any (including the rate or
rates at which overdue principal shall bear interest, if different from the rate or rates at which such Securities shall bear interest prior to Maturity, and, if applicable, the rate or rates at which overdue premium or interest shall bear interest,
if any), or any formula or other method or other means by which such rate or rates shall be determined, by reference to an index or other fact or event ascertainable outside of this Indenture or otherwise; the date or dates from which such interest
shall accrue; the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on such Securities on any Interest Payment Date; the right of the Company, if any, to extend the interest
payment periods and the duration of any such extension as contemplated by Section 312; and the basis of computation of interest, if other than as provided in Section 310; 
 (6) the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on Securities of the series, or any Tranche
thereof, shall be payable, any Registered Securities of the series, or any Tranche thereof, may be surrendered for registration of transfer, Securities of the series, or any Tranche thereof, may be surrendered for exchange, and where notices and
demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of the series, or any Tranche thereof, and this Indenture may be served and notices to Holders pursuant to Section 106 will be published; the Security Registrar and any Paying
Agent or Agents for such series or Tranche; and if such is the case, that the principal of such Securities shall be payable without presentment or surrender thereof; 
 (7) if applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of
the series, or any Tranche thereof, may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the manner in which any election by the Company to redeem the Securities shall be evidenced; 

(8) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series, or any Tranche thereof, pursuant to any
sinking fund or analogous provisions 

  

 22 

 
or at the option of the Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which
Securities of the series, or any Tranche thereof, shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation; 
 (9) the terms, if any, on which the Securities of such series will be subordinate in right and priority of payment to other debt of the Company and whether the terms of such subordination shall vary from those set forth in Article
Fifteen; 
 (10) the denominations in which any Registered Securities of the series shall be issuable, if other than
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, and the denomination or denominations in which any Unregistered Securities of the series shall be issuable, if other than the denomination of $5,000; 
 (11) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series that shall be payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502; 
 (12) whether Securities of
the series are to be issuable in whole or in part as Registered Securities, Unregistered Securities, or both, whether Securities of the series are to be issuable with or without coupons, whether any Securities of the series are to be issuable
initially in temporary global form (and, if so, the identity of the Depositary for such Securities if other than the Depository Trust Company) and the circumstances under which such Securities in temporary global form may be exchanged for definitive
Securities, and whether any Securities of the series are to be issuable in permanent global form (and, if so, the identity of the Depositary for such Securities if other than the Depository Trust Company) with or without coupons and, if so, whether
beneficial owners of interests in any such permanent Global Security may exchange such interests for Securities of such series and of like tenor of any authorized form and denomination and the circumstances under which any such exchanges may occur,
if other than in the manner provided in Section 311; 
 (13) if other than the currency of the United States of
America, the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which the principal of or any premium or interest on the Securities of the series shall be payable and the manner of determining the equivalent of any such amount in Dollars is
to be determined for any purpose, including for the purpose of determining the principal amount of such Securities deemed to be Outstanding at any time; 
 (14) if the principal of or any premium or interest on the Securities of such series is to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof, in one or more currencies other than that in which such
Securities are stated to be payable, currency, currencies or composite currency in which the principal of or any premium or interest on such Securities as to which such election is made shall be payable, the period or periods within which, and the
terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made; 
  

 23 

 (15) if the principal of or any premium or interest on the Securities of such series is
to be payable, or is to be payable at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof, in securities or other property, the type and amount of such securities or other property, or the manner of determining such amount shall be determined, and the
period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, any such election may be made; 
 (16) if the amount
of payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index or other fact or event ascertainable outside of this Indenture, the manner of determining such amounts to the
extent not established pursuant to paragraph (5) of this Section 301(b); 
 (17) the form or forms of the
Securities, including such legends as may be required by United States laws or regulations, the form of any coupons or temporary Global Security, if any, that may be issued and the forms of any certificates that may be required hereunder or under
United States laws or regulations in connection with the offering, sale, delivery or exchange of Unregistered Securities, if any; 
 (18) the Person to whom any interest on any Registered Security of the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, and
the manner in which, or the Person to whom, any interest on any Unregistered Security of the series shall be payable, if otherwise than upon presentation and surrender of the coupons appertaining thereto as they severally mature, and the extent to
which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary or permanent Global Security on an interest payment date will be paid; 
 (19) any addition to or change in the Events of Default, with respect to the Securities of such series, and any addition to or change in the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of
such series in addition to those set forth in Article Ten; 
 (20) the terms, if any, pursuant to which the Securities
of such series may be converted into or exchanged for shares of Capital Stock or other securities of the Company or any other Person; 
 (21) the obligations or instruments, if any, that shall be considered to be Eligible Obligations in respect of the Securities of such series denominated in a currency other than Dollars or in a composite currency;

 (22) any exceptions to Section 113, or variation in the definition of Business Day, with respect to the
Securities of such series; 
 (23) any collateral security, assurance or guaranty for the Securities of such series;

 (24) the non-applicability of Section 608 to the Securities of such series or any exceptions or modifications
of Section 608 with respect to the Securities of such series; 
  

 24 

 (25) any rights or duties of another Person to assume the obligations of the Company with
respect to the Securities of such series (whether as joint obligor, primary obligor, secondary obligor or substitute obligor) and any rights or duties to discharge and release any obligor with respect to the Securities of such series or this
Indenture to the extent related to such series; and 
 (26) any other terms, conditions and rights of the series (which terms,
conditions and rights shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, except as permitted by Section 901(a)(5)). 
 (c) All Securities of any one series (other than Securities offered in a Periodic Offering) and the coupons appertaining to any Unregistered Securities of such series shall be substantially identical except in the case of Registered
Securities as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such Board Resolution and set forth in such Officer’s Certificate or in any such indenture supplemental hereto and as reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.
Securities of different series may differ in any respect. 
 (d) If the terms and form or forms of any series of Securities are established
by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, the Company shall deliver a copy of such Board Resolution to the Trustee at or prior to the issuance of such series with (1) the form or forms of Security that have been approved attached thereto, or
(2) if such Board Resolution authorizes a specific officer or officers to approve the terms and form or forms of the Securities, a certificate of such officer or officers approving the terms and form or forms of Security with such form or forms
of Securities attached thereto. Such Board Resolution or certificate may provide general terms or parameters for Securities of any series and may provide that the specific terms of particular Securities of a series may be determined in accordance
with or pursuant to the Company Order referred to in Section 303. 
 (e) With respect to Securities of a series subject to a
Periodic Offering, the indenture supplemental hereto or the Board Resolution that establishes such series, or the Officer’s Certificate pursuant to such supplemental indenture or Board Resolution, as the case may be, may provide general terms
or parameters for Securities of such series and provide either that the specific terms of Securities of such series shall be specified in a Company Order or that such terms shall be determined by the Company or its agents in accordance with
procedures specified in a Company Order as contemplated by Section 303(c). 
 (f) Unless otherwise specified with respect to a
series of Securities pursuant to paragraph (2) of Section 301(b), such series of Securities may be issued in one or more Tranches with various principal amounts without the consent of any Holders and additional Tranches of such
series may be authenticated and delivered pursuant to Section 303. 
 Section 302. Denominations. The Securities of each
series shall be issuable in registered or unregistered form with or without coupons in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by Section 301(b). In the absence of any such provisions with respect to the Securities of
any series, the Registered Securities of such series shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof and the Unregistered Securities of such series shall be issuable in denominations of $5,000 and any integral multiple
thereof. 
  

 25 

 Section 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating. (a) The Securities to be endorsed
thereon shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, its President, its Vice President, Finance, or its Treasurer, under its corporate seal reproduced thereon attested by its Secretary or one of
its Assistant Secretaries. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile. The coupons, if any, of Unregistered Securities shall bear the manual or facsimile signature of any one of the officers referred to in
the first sentence of this Section 303(a). 
 (b) Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were
at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at
the date of such Securities. 
 (c) At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may
deliver Securities of any series (or any Tranche thereof) executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities (or such Tranche), and the Trustee in
accordance with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities (or such Tranche); provided, however, that with respect to Securities of a series subject to a Periodic Offering, (i) such Company Order may be delivered by
the Company to the Trustee prior to the delivery to the Trustee of such Securities for authentication and delivery, (ii) the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver Securities of such series for original issue from time to time, in an aggregate
principal amount not exceeding the aggregate principal amount established for such series, all pursuant to a Company Order or pursuant to such procedures acceptable to the Trustee as may be specified from time to time by a Company Order,
(iii) the maturity date or dates, original issue date or dates, interest rate or rates and any other terms of Securities of such series shall be determined by Company Order or pursuant to such procedures and (iv) if provided for in such
procedures, such Company Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to oral or electronic instructions from the Company or its duly authorized agent or agents, which oral instructions shall be promptly confirmed in writing. 

(d) In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee
shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating: 
 (i) that such form of Securities has been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; 
 (ii) that such terms have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and 
 (iii) that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such 

  

 26 

 
Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy,
insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally and to general principles of equity. 
 (e) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 301 and of the preceding paragraphs of Sections 303(c) and 303(d) in connection with a
Periodic Offering, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver an Officer’s Certificate or execute a supplemental indenture otherwise required pursuant to
Section 301(b) or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel otherwise required pursuant to such preceding paragraphs at or prior to the time of authentication of each Security of such series if such documents are delivered at or prior to
the authentication upon original issuance of the first Security of such series to be issued. 
 (f) If such form or terms have been so
established, the Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issuance of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or
otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. 
 (g) Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its
authentication and each Unregistered Security shall be dated the date of its original issuance. 
 (h) No Security shall be entitled to any
benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein executed by the Trustee by manual or facsimile signature and
no coupon shall be valid until the Security to which it appertains has been so authenticated, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered
hereunder and is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. 
 (i) Notwithstanding the foregoing, until the Company has delivered an
Officer’s Certificate to the Trustee and the Security Registrar stating that, as a result of the action described, the Company would not suffer adverse consequences under the provisions of United States law or regulations in effect at the time
of the delivery of Unregistered Securities, the Trustee or the Security Registrar will (i) deliver Unregistered Securities only outside the United States and its possessions and (ii) release Unregistered Securities in definitive form to
the person entitled to physical delivery thereof only upon presentation of a certificate in the form prescribed by the Company. 
 Section
304. Temporary Securities. (a) Until definitive Securities of any series (including Global Securities) are ready for delivery, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver one or more
temporary Securities that are produced in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as
the officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities. Temporary Unregistered Securities of a series may have coupons attached or may be in the form of one or more temporary 

  

 27 

 
Global Securities that are Unregistered Securities of that series without coupons. Every temporary Security shall be executed by the Company and
authenticated by the Trustee (and Registered Securities shall be registered by the Security Registrar) upon the same conditions, and with like effect, as a definitive Security. 
 (b) If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable
delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the office or
agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities of any series the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver
in exchange therefor a like principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations. Until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this
Indenture as definitive Securities of such series. 
 (c) Every temporary Unregistered Security shall be substantially in the form approved
by or pursuant to a Board Resolution and shall be delivered to one of the Paying Agents located outside the United States and its possessions or to such other person or persons as the Company shall direct against such certification as the Company
may from time to time prescribe by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. 
 Section 305. Registration, Registration of Transfer and
Exchange. (a) The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes
collectively referred to as the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The
Trustee is hereby appointed “Security Registrar” for the purpose of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided. 
 (b) Except in the case of Securities issued in the form of a Global Security, upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Registered Security of any series at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of
Payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Registered Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations
and of a like aggregate principal amount. 
 (c) If both Registered and Unregistered Securities are authorized for a series of Securities and
the terms of such Securities permit, (i) Unregistered Securities may be exchanged for an equal principal amount of Registered or Unregistered Securities of the same series and date of maturity in any authorized denominations upon delivery to
the Security Registrar (or a Paying Agent (as herein defined), if the exchange is for Unregistered Securities) of the Unregistered Security with all unmatured coupons and all matured coupons in default appertaining thereto and if all other
requirements of the Security Registrar (or such Paying Agent) and such Securities for such exchange are met, and (ii) Registered Securities, other than 

  

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Securities issued in the form of a Global Security (except as provided in Section 311), may be exchanged for an equal principal amount of
Unregistered Securities of the same series and date of maturity in any authorized denominations (except that any coupons appertaining to such Unregistered Securities which have matured and have been paid shall be detached) upon delivery to the
Security Registrar of the Registered Securities and if all other requirements of the Security Registrar and such Securities for such exchange are met. 
 (d) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the exchange of Unregistered Securities for Registered Securities or Registered Securities for Unregistered Securities will be subject to the satisfaction of the provisions of United
States law and regulations in effect at the time of such exchange, and no exchange of Registered Securities for Unregistered Securities will be made until the Company has notified the Trustee in an Officer’s Certificate and the Security
Registrar that, as a result of such exchange, the Company would not suffer adverse consequences under such law or regulations. 
 (e) All
Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such
registration of transfer or exchange. 
 (f) Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if
so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by the Holder thereof or such Holder’s attorney duly
authorized in writing. 
 (g) Unless otherwise provided in a Board Resolution or an Officer’s Certificate pursuant to a Board
Resolution, or in an indenture supplemental hereto, with respect to Securities of any series, no service charge shall be made to the Holder for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 304, 906 or 1106 not involving
any transfer. 
 (h) The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any series
during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of that series selected for redemption under Section 1103 and ending at the close of business on the day
of such mailing, or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part. 
 (i) Unregistered Securities or any coupons appertaining thereto shall be transferable by delivery thereof. 
 Section 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities. (a) If any mutilated Security or a Security with a mutilated coupon or
coupons appertaining to it is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and 

  

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deliver in exchange therefor a replacement Registered Security, if such surrendered security was a Registered Security, or a replacement Unregistered
Security with coupons corresponding to the coupons appertaining to the surrendered Security, if such surrendered Security was an Unregistered Security, of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not
contemporaneously outstanding. 
 (b) If there has been delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of
the destruction, loss or theft of any Security or any coupon or coupons appertaining thereto, and (ii) such bond, security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the
absence of actual notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security or any coupon or coupons appertaining thereto has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, a replacement Registered Security, if such Holder’s claim pertains to a Registered Security, or a replacement Unregistered Security with coupons corresponding to the coupons appertaining to the destroyed, lost or stolen Unregistered
Security or the Unregistered Security to which such destroyed, lost or stolen coupon or coupons appertains, if such Holder’s claim pertains to an Unregistered Security, of the same series (and Tranche, if applicable) and of like tenor and
principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. 
 (c) In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen
Security or any coupon or coupons appertaining thereto has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security or any coupon or coupons appertaining thereto.

 (d) Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section or any coupon or coupons appertaining thereto, the Company may require the
payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. 
 (e) Every new Security or any coupon or coupons appertaining thereto of any series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or
stolen Security or any coupon or coupons appertaining thereto shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security or any coupon or coupons appertaining thereto is at
any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities or any coupon or coupons appertaining thereto of that series duly issued hereunder. 

(f) The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the
replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or any coupon or coupons appertaining thereto. 
 Section 307.
Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved. (a) Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301(b) with respect to the Securities of any series, interest on any Registered Security that is payable, and is
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Registered Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business 

  

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on the Regular Record Date for such interest; provided, however, that interest payable at Maturity will be paid to the Person to whom principal
is payable. In case an Unregistered Security of any series is surrendered in exchange for a Registered Security of such series after the close of business (at an office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for such series) on any Regular
Record Date and before the opening of business (at such office or agency) on the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, such Unregistered Security shall be surrendered without the coupon relating to such Interest Payment Date and interest will not
be payable on such Interest Payment Date in respect of the Registered Security issued in exchange for such Unregistered Security, but will be payable only to the Holder of such coupon when due in accordance with provisions of this Indenture.

 (b) Any interest on any Registered Security of any series that is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any
Interest Payment Date (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by
the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (i) or (ii) below: 
 (i) The Company may elect to
make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Registered Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such
Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Registered Security of such series and the date of the proposed
payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such
deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for
the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The
Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed,
first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of Registered Securities of such series at the address of such Holder as it appears in the Security Register, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such
Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Registered Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered
at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2). In case an Unregistered Security of any series is surrendered at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for
such series in exchange for a Registered Security of such series after the close of business at such office or agency on any Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the related proposed date for payment of
Defaulted Interest, such Unregistered Security shall be surrendered without the coupon relating to such proposed date of payment and 

  

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Defaulted Interest will not be payable on such proposed date of payment in respect of the Registered Security issued in exchange for such Unregistered
Security, but will be payable only to the Holder of such coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture. 
 (ii) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Registered Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and
upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause (ii), such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee. 
 (c) Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Registered Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in
exchange for or in lieu of any other Registered Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Registered Security. 
 (d) Subject to the limitations set forth in Section 1002, the Holder of any coupon appertaining to an Unregistered Security shall be entitled
to receive the interest payable on such coupon upon presentation and surrender of such coupon on or after the Interest Payment Date of such coupon at an office or agency maintained for such purpose pursuant to Section 1002. 

Section 308. Persons Deemed Owners. Prior to due presentment of a Registered Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee
and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Registered Security is registered as the owner of such Registered Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of (and any premium) and (subject to
Section 301 and Section 307) any interest on such Registered Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Registered Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the
Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary. 
 Ownership of Registered Securities of a series shall be proved by the
computerized book-entry system of the Depository in the case of Registered Securities issued in the form of a Global Security. Ownership of Unregistered Securities may be proved by the production of such Unregistered Securities or by a certificate
or affidavit executed by the person holding such Unregistered Securities or by a depository with whom such Unregistered Securities were deposited, if the certificate or affidavit is satisfactory to the Trustee and the Company. The Company, the
Trustee and any agent of the Company may treat the bearer of any Unregistered Security or coupon and the person in whose name a Registered Security is registered as the absolute owner thereof for all purposes. 
 None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records
relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Global Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests. 
  

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 Section 309. Cancellation. Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by
Section 301(b) for Securities of any series, all Securities and coupons surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other
than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee and, if not theretofore cancelled, shall be promptly cancelled by it. Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301(b) for Securities of any series, the Company may at any time
deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities or coupons previously authenticated and delivered hereunder that the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever or that the Company has not issued and sold, and all Securities or coupons
so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities or coupons cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All
cancelled Securities or coupons held by the Trustee shall be destroyed and the Trustee shall furnish an affidavit to the Company (setting forth the serial numbers of such Securities) attesting to such destruction unless by a Company Order the
Company shall direct that the cancelled Securities or coupons be returned to it. 
 Section 310. Computation of Interest. Except as
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301(b) for Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. 
 Section 311. Global Securities; Exchanges; Registration and Registration of Transfer. 
 If specified as contemplated by Section 301(b) for Securities of any series, the Securities of such series may be issued in the form of one or more Global
Securities, which shall be deposited with the Depository, and, unless otherwise specified in the form of Global Security adopted pursuant to Section 301, be registered in the name of the Depository’s nominee. 
 Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301(b) for Securities of any series, any permanent Global Security shall be
exchangeable only as provided in this paragraph. If the beneficial owners of interests in a permanent Global Security are entitled to exchange such interests for Securities of such series of like tenor and principal amount of another authorized
form, as specified as contemplated by Section 301(b), then without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the earliest date on which such interests may be so exchanged, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee definitive
Securities of that series in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such permanent Global Security, executed by the Company. On or after the earliest date on which such interests may be so exchanged, such permanent Global
Security shall be surrendered from time to time in accordance with instructions given to the Trustee and the Depository (which instructions shall be in writing but need not comply with Section 102 or be accompanied by an Opinion of
Counsel) by the Depository or such other depository as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, as the Company’s agent for such purpose, to be exchanged, in whole or in part, for definitive Securities of the
same series without charge and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for each portion of such permanent Global Security, a like aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and
of like tenor as the portion of such permanent Global Security to be exchanged which, unless the Securities of the series are not issuable both as Unregistered Securities and as Registered Securities, as specified as contemplated by
Section 301(b), shall be in the form of Unregistered Securities or Registered 

  

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Securities, or any combination thereof, as shall be specified by the beneficial owner thereof; provided, however, that no such exchanges may
occur during the periods specified by Section 305; and provided, further, that no Unregistered Security delivered in exchange for a portion of a permanent Global Security shall be mailed or otherwise delivered to any
location in the United States unless the Company has complied with Section 305(d). Promptly following any such exchange in part, such permanent Global Security shall be returned by the Trustee, to the Depository or such other depository
referred to above, in accordance with the instructions of the Company referred to above. 
 The Global Security may be transferred to another
nominee of the Depository, or to a successor Depository selected by the Company, and upon surrender for registration of transfer of the Global Security to the Trustee, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the
name of the designated transferee, a new Global Security in the same aggregate principal amount. If at any time the Depository notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depository and a successor Depository satisfactory to
the Company is not appointed within 90 days after the Company receives such notice, the Company will execute, and the Trustee will authenticate and deliver, Securities in definitive form to the Depository in exchange for the Global Security. In
addition, if at any time the Company determines that it is not in the best interest of the Company or the beneficial owners of Securities to continue to have a Global Security representing all of the Securities held by a Depository, the Company may,
at its option, execute, and the Trustee will authenticate and deliver, Securities in definitive form to the Depository in exchange for all or a portion of the Global Security. Promptly after any such exchange of Securities in definitive form for all
or a portion of the Global Security pursuant to this paragraph, the Company shall promulgate regulations governing registration of transfers and exchanges of Securities in definitive form, which regulations shall be reasonably satisfactory to the
Trustee and shall thereafter bind every Holder of such Securities. 
 Section 312. Extension of Interest Payment. The Company shall
have the right at any time, so long as the Company is not in default in the payment of interest on the Securities of any series hereunder, to extend interest payment periods on all Securities of one or more series, if so specified as contemplated by
Section 301(b) with respect to such Securities and upon such terms as may be specified as contemplated by Section 301(b) with respect to such Securities. If the Company ever so extends any such interest payment period, the
Company shall promptly notify the Trustee. 
 ARTICLE FOUR 
 DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE 
 Section 401. Termination of Company’s Obligations. (a) This
Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect with respect to the Securities of any series (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities herein expressly provided for), and the Trustee,
at the expense of the Company, shall execute instruments in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee and the Company acknowledging termination of the Company’s obligations under the Securities of such series and this Indenture, when

  

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 (1) either 
 (A) all Securities of such series previously authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities of such series that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid as provided in
Section 306 and (ii) Securities of such series that are deemed paid and discharged pursuant to Section 402) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or 
 (B) all such Securities of such series not previously delivered to the Trustee for cancellation 
 (i) have become due and payable (whether at Stated Maturity, early redemption or otherwise), or 
 (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or 
 (iii) have been called for redemption pursuant to Article Eleven hereof under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the
giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, 
 and the Company has deposited or caused to
be deposited irrevocably with the Trustee as funds in trust solely for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such series an amount in cash in the currency or composite currency in which the Securities of such series are denominated,
Eligible Obligations or any combination thereof, together (if necessary in the case of a series of Securities not bearing interest at a fixed rate) with any Hedging Obligation, so that such funds in each case are sufficient to pay principal of, and
any premium and interest on, all Outstanding Securities of such series; 
 (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all
other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and 
 (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with. 
 (b) Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 607, the
obligations of the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent under Section 614 and, if money has been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under
Section 405 shall survive. 
 (c) Upon satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as provided in this Section 401,
the Trustee shall assign, transfer and turn over to the Company, subject to the lien provided by Section 607, any and all money, securities and other property then held by the Trustee for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities.

  

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 The Company may elect, at its option at any time, to have Section 402 or
Section 403 applied to the Outstanding Securities of any series in accordance with any applicable requirements provided pursuant to Section 301 and upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article. Any such
election shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by Section 301(b) for such Securities. 
 Section 402. Defeasance and Discharge of Indenture. Subject to the conditions set forth in Section 404 being satisfied, the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire
indebtedness on all the Outstanding Securities of any series or Tranche, or any portion of the principal amount thereof, on the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (i) of Section 404, and the
provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such Outstanding Securities of such series or Tranche, shall be satisfied and discharged and shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall at Company Request
execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except as to: 
 (a) the rights of Holders of Securities of such series to
receive, solely from the trust funds described in Section 405, (x) payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and each installment of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Outstanding Securities of
such series, or portions thereof, on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest to and including the Redemption Date designated by the Company pursuant to subparagraph (ix) of Section 404 and
(y) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such series or Tranche on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such series
or Tranche; 
 (b) the obligations of the Company and the Trustee with respect to such Securities of such series or Tranche
under Sections 304, 305, 306, 614, 1002, 1003 and 1203 and, if the Company shall have designated a Redemption Date pursuant to subparagraph (ix) of Section 404, Sections 1104 and 1106; and 
 (c) the Company’s obligations with respect to the Trustee under Section 607. 
 Section 403. Defeasance of Certain Obligations. The Company may omit to comply with its obligations under the covenants contained in Sections
801, 1005 and 1006 with respect to any Security or Securities of any series (and in respect of any term, provision or condition set forth in the covenants or restrictions specified for such Securities pursuant to
Section 301(b)(20), in any supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officer’s Certificate establishing such Security), and the failure to comply with any such provisions shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default under
Section 501(4), provided that the conditions set forth in Section 404 have been satisfied. 
 Section 404.
Conditions to Defeasance. The following conditions shall be the conditions to the application of Section 402 and Section 403: 
 (i) the Company has deposited or caused to be deposited irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds in trust, specifically pledged as
security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such series, (x) cash in Dollars (or such 

  

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other currency or composite currency in which such Securities are denominated) in an amount sufficient, or (y) Eligible Obligations which through the
payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide on or before the due date of any payment referred to in clause (1) or (2) of this subparagraph (i) money in an amount sufficient or
(z) a combination of such cash and Eligible Obligations, together (if necessary in the case of a series of Securities not bearing interest at a fixed rate) with any Hedging Obligation so that such funds are sufficient, in the opinion of a
nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge (1) the principal of (and premium, if any) and each installment of principal (and
premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest or to and including the Redemption Date designated by the Company pursuant to subparagraph (ix) of
Section 404 and (2) any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of the Securities of such
series; 
 (ii) in the event of an election to have Section 402 apply, the Company has delivered to the Trustee an
Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (x) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (y) there has been a change in law or regulation occurring
after the date hereof, to the effect that Holders of the Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to federal income
tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times, as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred; 
 (iii) in the event of an election to have Section 403 apply, the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that Holders of the Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and defeasance and will be subject to federal
income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times, as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred; 
 (iii) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound; 

(iv) such provision would not cause any Outstanding Securities of such series then listed on the New York Stock Exchange or other
securities exchange to be delisted as a result thereof; 
 (v) no Event of Default or event that with notice or lapse of time
would become an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such series has occurred and is continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date; 
  

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 (vi) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that
the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the holders of the Securities of such series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the
Company; 
 (vii) such deposit shall not, as specified in an Opinion of Counsel, cause the Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series to have a conflicting interest as defined in Section 608 and for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to the Securities of such series; 
 (viii) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with; and 
 (ix) if the
Company has deposited or caused to be deposited money or Eligible Obligations to pay or discharge the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Outstanding Securities of a series to and including a Redemption Date pursuant to clause
(i) of this Section 404, such Redemption Date shall be irrevocably designated by a Board Resolution delivered to the Trustee on or prior to the date of deposit of such money or Eligible Obligations, and such Board Resolution shall be
accompanied by an irrevocable Company Request that the Trustee give notice of such redemption in the name and at the expense of the Company not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to such Redemption Date in accordance with
Section 1104. 
 Section 405. Application of Trust Money. (a) Neither the Eligible Obligations nor the funds deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 401, 402 or 403, nor the principal or interest payments on any such Eligible Obligations, shall be withdrawn or used for any purpose other than, and shall be held in trust for, the payment of the
principal of and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Securities or portions of principal amount thereof in respect of which such deposit was made, all subject, however, to the provisions of Section 606; provided,
however, that, so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, any cash received from such principal or interest payments on such Eligible Obligations deposited with the Trustee, if not then needed for such purpose, shall, to the
extent practicable, be invested in Eligible Obligations of the type described in Sections 401 and 402(d)(2)(A) maturing at such times and in such amounts as shall be sufficient to pay when due the principal of and any premium and
interest due and to become due on such Securities or portions thereof on and prior to the Maturity thereof, and interest earned from such reinvestment shall be paid over to the Company as received by the Trustee, free and clear of any trust, lien or
pledge under this Indenture except the lien provided by Section 607; and provided, further, that, so long as there shall not have occurred and be continuing an Event of Default, any moneys held by the Trustee in accordance with
this Section on the Maturity of all such Securities in excess of the amount required to pay the principal of and premium, if any, and interest, if any, then due on such Securities shall be paid over to the Company free and clear of any trust, lien
or pledge under this Indenture except the lien provided by Section 607. 
 (b) The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the
Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against Eligible Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 401, 402 or 403 or the principal and any premium and interest received in respect of such
obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders. 
  

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 (c) The Trustee shall deliver of pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any Eligible
Obligations or money held by it as provided in Section 401, 402 or 403 that, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the
Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof that then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such Eligible Obligations or money was deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee
of any Eligible Obligations held under this Indenture. 
 Section 406. Reinstatement. If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to
apply any money in accordance with this Article with respect to any Securities by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations under
this Indenture and such Securities from which the Company has been discharged or released pursuant to Section 402 or Section 403 shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article with
respect to such Securities, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all money held in trust pursuant to Section 405 with respect to such Securities in accordance with this Article; provided, however,
that if the Company makes any payment of principal of or any premium or interest on any such Security following such reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights (if any) of the Holders of such Securities to
receive such payment from the money so held in trust. 
 ARTICLE FIVE 
 REMEDIES 
 Section 501. Events of Default. “Event of
Default”, wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any series, means any one of the following events: 
 (1) default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of the interest payment
period by the Company as contemplated in Section 312 shall not constitute a failure to pay interest for this purpose; or 
 (2) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security of that series at its Maturity and, in the case of technical or administrative difficulties, only if such default persists for a period of more than three
Business Days; or 
 (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due by the terms of a Security of
that series and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or 
 (4) default in the performance, or breach, of any
covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty a default in whose 

  

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performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with or which has expressly been included in this Indenture solely for the
benefit of one or more series of Securities other than that series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and
the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a
“Notice of Default” hereunder; or 
 (5) the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of
(A) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or (B) a decree or order adjudging the
Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company under any applicable federal or state law, or appointing a custodian, receiver,
liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order for relief or
any such other decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or 
 (6) the commencement by the
Company of a voluntary case or proceeding under any applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the
entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or
insolvency case or proceeding against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable federal or state law, or the consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of
or taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the
admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company in furtherance of any such action; or 
 (7) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of such series pursuant to Section 301(b)(20). 

Section 502. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. If an Event of Default with respect to any series of Senior Securities at the
time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then, unless the principal of and interest on such series of Senior Securities has already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of 25% in aggregate principal amount of such series of
Senior Securities then outstanding, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Holders), may declare the principal of and interest on all the Senior Securities of such series (or if any of the Senior Securities are
Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal amount of such Securities as may be specified in the terms thereof) to be due and payable immediately and upon any such 
  

 40 

 
declaration the same shall become immediately due and payable, anything in this Indenture or in the Senior Securities of such series contained to the
contrary notwithstanding; provided, however, that if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to more than one series of Senior Securities, the Trustee or the Holders of 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Senior Securities (or if any of the Senior Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal amount of such Securities as may be specified in the terms thereof) of all such series
(voting as one class) may make such declaration of acceleration, and not the Holders of the Senior Securities of any one of such series. 
 If an Event of Default with respect to any series of Subordinated Securities at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then, unless the principal of and interest on such series of Subordinated Securities has already become due and
payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Subordinated Securities of such series then outstanding, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Holders), may declare the
principal of and interest on all the Subordinated Securities of such series (or if any of the Subordinated Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal amount of such Securities as may be
specified in the terms thereof) to be due and payable immediately and upon any such declaration the same shall become immediately due and payable, anything in this Indenture or in the Subordinated Securities of such series contained to the contrary
notwithstanding; provided, however, that if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to more than one series of Subordinated Securities, the Trustee or the Holders of 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Subordinated Securities (or if any of the Subordinated Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal amount of such Securities as may be specified in the terms thereof) of all such
series of equal ranking (voting as one class) may make such declaration of acceleration, and not the Holders of the Subordinated Securities of any one of such series. 
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Event of Default specified in Section 501(5) or (6) occurs, the principal of and interest on all the Securities (or if any of the Securities are Original
Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal amount of such Securities as may be specified in the terms thereof) shall automatically become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act or
notice on the part of the Trustee or any Holders of the Securities. 
 In the case of any declaration of acceleration of the Stated Maturity
of any Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities of a series, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officer’s Certificate stating the amount of principal to be paid to a Holder of $1,000 principal amount of such
Securities. 
 At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to Securities of one or more series has been made and before
a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Event or Events of Default giving rise to such declaration of acceleration shall, without further act, be deemed to have
been waived, and such declaration and its consequences shall, without further act, be deemed to have been rescinded and annulled, if 
  

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 (1) the Company has paid or deposited irrevocably with the Trustee a sum sufficient to
pay 
 (A) all overdue interest on all Securities of any such series, 
 (B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities of such series that have become due otherwise than by such declaration of
acceleration and interest thereon at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, 
 (C) to the extent that
payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates borne by such Securities, unless another rate is provided in such Securities, and 
 (D) all amounts due to the Trustee under Section 607; 
 and 
 (2) all Events of
Default with respect to Securities of that series, other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series that have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in
Section 513. 
 No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

 Section 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. If an Event of Default described in clause
(1) or (2) of Section 501 has occurred and is continuing, the Company shall, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of the series with respect to which such Event of
Default has occurred, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium or interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and premium and
on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates borne by such Securities, unless another rate is provided in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover any amounts due to the Trustee under
Section 607. 
 If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its
discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee deems most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the
specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy. 
 Section 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding
relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as
therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding
or otherwise, 
  

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 (i) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and premium or interest
owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for amounts due to the Trustee under Section 607)
and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and 
 (ii) to collect and receive any moneys or other property
payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; 
 and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other
similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, if the Trustee consents to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it
under Section 607. 
 Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or
adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such
proceeding. 
 Section 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities or Coupons. All rights of action and claims
under this Indenture or the Securities or coupons may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or coupons or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding
instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the amounts due to the Trustee under Section 607, be for the ratable
benefit of the Holders of the Securities and coupons in respect of which such judgment has been recovered. 
 Section 506. Application of
Money Collected. Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee, and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal and any
premium and interest, upon presentation of the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money shall have been collected and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

 FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 607; 
 SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the
benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest, respectively; and 
 THIRD: The balance, if any, to the Company. 
  

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 The Trustee may fix a record date (with respect to Registered Securities) and payment date for any such
payment to Holders of Securities. 
 Section 507. Limitation on Suits. No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right
to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless 
 (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that
series; 
 (2) the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all
series of Senior Securities in respect of which an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, considered as one class, shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name
as Trustee hereunder if such holder is a Holder of Senior Securities or the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series of Subordinated Securities of equal ranking in respect of which
an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, considered as one class, shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder if such Holder is a Holder
of Subordinated Securities; 
 (3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity against the reasonable costs,
expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request; 
 (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of
such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and 
 (5) no direction inconsistent
with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series of Senior Securities or Subordinated Securities of equal
ranking, as applicable, in respect of which such Event of Default has occurred; 
 it being understood and intended that (subject to Section 508)
no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain
priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such Holders. 
 Section 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture,
the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and premium and (subject to Section 307) interest on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Maturities
expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date, or, in the case of repayment at the option of the Holder, on the Repayment Date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall
not be impaired without the consent of such Holder. 
  

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 Section 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any
proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and such Holder shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and such Holder shall continue as
though no such proceeding had been instituted. 
 Section 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided with
respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be
exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise.
The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. 
 Section 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy
accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be
exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be. 
 Section 512.
Control by Holders. If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing in respect of a series of Securities, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall have the right
to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such series or Tranche; provided, however,
that if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to more than one series of Senior Securities, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all such series, considered as one class,
shall have the right to make such direction, and not the Holders of the Senior Securities of any one of such series, and if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to more than one series of Subordinated Securities of equal
ranking, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of all such series, considered as one class, shall have the right to make such direction, and not the Holders of the Subordinated Securities of any one of such series; provided,
further that 
 (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture, and 

 

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 (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not
inconsistent with such direction. 
 Section 513. Waiver of Past Defaults. The Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences; provided that if any such past
default has occurred with respect to more than one series of Senior Securities, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all such series, considered as one class, may make such waiver, and not the
Holders of the Senior Securities of any one of such series; provided further that if any such past default has occurred with respect to more than one series of Subordinated Securities of equal ranking, the Holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all such series, considered as one class, may make such waiver, and not the Holders of the Subordinated Securities of any one of such series, in each case, except a default 
 (1) in the payment of the principal of or premium or interest on any Security of such series, or 
 (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof that under Section 902 cannot be modified or amended without the consent of
the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected. 
 Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of
Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture, but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon. 
 Section 514. Undertaking for Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be
deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the
filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having
due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by
any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series in respect of which such suit may be brought, considered as one class, or to any suit instituted by any
Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity or Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date, or, in
the case of repayment at the option of the Holder, on or after the Repayment Date). 
 Section 515. Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws.
The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or 
  

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extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company
(to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit
the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted. 
 ARTICLE SIX 
 THE TRUSTEE 
 Section 601. Certain
Duties and Responsibilities. (a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series, 
 (1) the Trustee undertakes to perform, with respect to Securities of such series, such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture
against the Trustee; and 
 (2) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may, with respect to Securities of such
series, conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any
such certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this
Indenture. 
 (b) If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise,
with respect to Securities of such series, such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of
his own affairs. 
 (c) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action,
its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that 
 (1) this subsection shall not be
construed to limit the effect of sub-section (a) of this Section; 
 (2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of
judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; 
 (3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any one or more 

  

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series, as provided herein, relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any
trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series; and 
 (4) no
provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it has
reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. 
 (d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section. 

Section 602. Notice of Defaults. Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default hereunder with respect to the Securities of any series,
the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders of Securities of such series entitled to receive reports pursuant to Section 704(3) (and, if Unregistered Securities of that series are outstanding, shall cause to be published at least
once in an Authorized Newspaper in The City of New York and, if Securities of that series are listed on any stock exchange outside of the United States, in the city in which such stock exchange is located) notice of such default hereunder known to
the Trustee, unless such default shall have been cured or waived; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Security of such series or in the payment
of any sinking fund installment with respect to Securities of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors or Responsible
Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Holders of Securities of such series; and provided, further, that in the case of any default of the character specified in
Section 501(4) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 75 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term “default” means any
event that is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series. 
 Section 603. Certain Rights of Trustee. Subject to the provisions of Section 601 and to the applicable provisions of the Trust Indenture Act: 
 (a) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper
party or parties; 
 (b) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company
Request or Company Order, or as otherwise expressly provided herein, and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution; 
  

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 (c) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable
that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officer’s
Certificate or a certificate of an officer or officers delivered pursuant to Section 301 and such Officer’s Certificate or certificate of an officer or officers, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee,
shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof; 
 (d) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by
it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon; 
 (e) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and
liabilities that might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction; 
 (f) the Trustee shall not be bound
to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or
document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit; and 
 (g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder. 
 Section 604. Not Responsible for Recitals or
Issuance of Securities. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee or any Authenticating Agent assumes no
responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities of any series or any coupons. The Trustee or any Authenticating Agent shall not be accountable for
the use or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof. The Trustee shall not be responsible for and makes no representations as to the Company’s ability or authority to issue the Unregistered Securities or the lawfulness
thereof. 
 Section 605. May Hold Securities. The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any
other agent of the Company or the Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 608 and 613, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would
have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other agent. 
  

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 Section 606. Money Held in Trust. Money held by the Trustee or by any Paying Agent (other than
the Company if the Company shall act as Paying Agent) in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. Neither the Trustee nor any Paying Agent shall be liable for interest on any money received by it
hereunder except as expressly provided herein or otherwise agreed with the Company. 
 Section 607. Compensation and Reimbursement.
The Company agrees 
 (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it
hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust); 
 (2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of
this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith; and

 (3) to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense reasonably incurred
without negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder or performance of its duties hereunder, including the costs and expenses of
defending itself against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder. 
 As security for the performance of the obligations of the Company under this Section, the Trustee shall have a claim prior to the Securities and any coupons upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except
property and funds held in trust for the payment of principal of and any premium and interest on particular Securities or any coupons. 
 Section 608. Disqualification; Conflicting Interests. If the Trustee has or acquires any conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to the Securities of any series, it shall either eliminate such
conflicting interest or resign to the extent, in the manner and with the effect, and subject to the conditions, provided in the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. For purposes of Section 310(b)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act and to the
extent permitted thereby, the Trustee, in its capacity as trustee in respect of the equally ranked and unsecured Securities of any series, shall not be deemed to have a conflicting interest arising from its capacity as trustee in respect of the
equally ranked and unsecured Securities of any other series under this Indenture or any securities issued under the Indenture dated as of [l]
between the Company and the Trustee [specifically describe other outstanding indentures with the Trustee]. 
 Section 609.
Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility. There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that shall be a Person that is eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such, having a combined capital and surplus of at least
$50,000,000, subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority and qualified and eligible under this 
  

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Article, provided that, neither the Company nor any Affiliate of the Company or any obligor on the Securities may serve as Trustee of any Securities.
If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation
shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee ceases to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately
in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article. 
 Section 610. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of
Successor. (a) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable
requirements of Section 611. 
 (b) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by
giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 611 has not been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the
resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. 
 (c) The Company may at any time by a Board Resolution remove the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any or all series. 
 (d) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the
Trustee and to the Company. 
 (e) If at any time: 
 (1) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 608 with respect to the Securities of any series, after written request therefor
by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months, or 
 (2) the Trustee ceases to be eligible under Section 609 and fails to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Holder, or 
 (3) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting or becomes adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property is
appointed or any public officer takes charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, 
 then, in any such case, subject to Section 514, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any
court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees. 
  

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 (f) If the Trustee resigns, is removed or becomes incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the
office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being
understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series) and shall
comply with the applicable requirements of Section 611. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series is appointed
by Act of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such
appointment in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 611, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series has been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 611, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security
of such series for at least six months may, subject to Section 514, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series. 
 (g) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series by mailing written notice of such event by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of Securities of such series entitled to
receive reports pursuant to Section 704(3) and, if any Unregistered Securities are outstanding, by publishing notice of such event once in an Authorized Newspaper in The City of New York and, if any Unregistered Securities are listed on
any stock exchange outside of the United States, in the city in which such stock exchange is located. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust
Office. 
 (h) All provisions of this Section except subparagraph (d) and Section 611(b) (except for the last clause, after
omitting the words “after deducting all amounts owed to the retiring Trustee pursuant to Section 607,” which shall apply) shall apply also to any Paying Agent located outside the United States and its possessions. 

Section 611. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. (a) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of all series, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring
Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor
Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such
successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder. 
  

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 (b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or
more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such
appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable
to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such
supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such
Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company
or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee, all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the
appointment of such successor Trustee relates. 
 (c) Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all
instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be. 
 (d) No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under
this Article. 
 Section 612. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. Any corporation into which the Trustee may
be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate
trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the
part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities. In case any Securities shall not have been authenticated by such predecessor Trustee, any such
successor Trustee may authenticate and deliver such Securities, in either its own name or that of its predecessor Trustee, with the full force and effect which this Indenture provides for the certificate of authentication of the Trustee. 

 

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 Section 613. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. The Trustee shall comply with
Trust Indenture Act § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in Trust Indenture Act § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Trust Indenture Act § 311(a) to the extent
indicated therein. 
 Section 614. Appointment of Authenticating Agent. (a) At any time when any of the Securities remain Outstanding
the Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents (which may include any Person that owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock of the Trustee or a corporation that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Trustee or of such other
Person) with respect to one or more series of Securities, or any Tranche thereof, that shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series or Tranche issued upon original issuance, exchange, registration of
transfer or partial redemption thereof or pursuant to Section 306, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee
hereunder. If any Unregistered Securities are outstanding, the Trustee shall publish notice of such event once in an Authorized Newspaper in The City of New York and, if any Unregistered Securities are listed on any stock exchange outside of the
United States, in the city in which such stock exchange is located. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference
shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent,
having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority in the United States. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant
to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its
most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent ceases to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect
specified in this Section. 
 (b) Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be
consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating
Agent, shall continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating
Agent. 
 (c) An Authenticating Agent may resign with respect to one or more series of Securities at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The 

  

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Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent with respect to one or more series of Securities by giving written notice thereof to
such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent ceases to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the
Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent that is acceptable to the Company and shall provide notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of the series or Tranche with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve, as
provided in paragraph (a) of this Section. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if
originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section. An Authenticating Agent appointed pursuant to this Section shall be entitled to rely on
Sections 111, 308, 604 and 605 hereunder. 
 (d) The Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time
to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section, and the Trustee shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions of Section 607. 
 (e) If an appointment with respect to the Securities of one or more series, or any Tranche thereof, is made pursuant to this Section, the Securities of
such series or Tranche may have endorsed thereon, in addition to the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in the following form: 
 This is one of the Securities of the series designated pursuant to and issued under the within-mentioned Indenture. 
  

			
	 [                        ]

	    As Trustee
		
	By	 	  

		 	As Authenticating Agent on behalf of the Trustee
		
	By	 	  

		 	Authorized Officer of Authenticating Agent

  

	Dated:	                         

 (f) If all of the Securities of a series may not be originally issued at one time, and if the Trustee does not have an office capable of authenticating
Securities upon original issuance located in a Place of Payment where the Company wishes to have Securities of such series authenticated upon original issuance, the Trustee, if so requested by the Company in writing (which writing need not comply
with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel), shall appoint, in accordance with this Section and in accordance with such 

  

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procedures as shall be acceptable to the Trustee, an Authenticating Agent (which, if so requested by the Company, may be an Affiliate of the Company) having
an office in a Place of Payment designated by the Company with respect to such series of Securities. 
 ARTICLE SEVEN 
 HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY 
 Section 701. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders. The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee 
 (a) semi-annually, not later than the 15th day after each Regular Record Date for each series of Registered Securities at the time
Outstanding or on June 30 and December 31 of each year with respect to each series of Securities for which there are no Regular Record Dates, a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, containing all the information in the
possession or control of the Company, or any of its Paying Agents other than the Trustee, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Registered Securities of such series, including Holders of interests in Global Securities, as of such preceding
Regular Record Date or on June 15 or December 15, as the case may be, or, in the case of a series of non-interest bearing Securities, on a date to be determined as contemplated pursuant to Section 301(b), and 

(b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a
list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; 
 excluding from any such list names
and addresses received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar for Registered Securities other than Global Securities. 
 Section 702. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders. (a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of Holders of Registered Securities contained in the most
recent list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 701 and the names and addresses of Holders of Registered Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar or Paying Agent. The Trustee may destroy any
list furnished to it as provided in Section 701 upon receipt of a new list so furnished. 
 (b) If three or more Holders (herein
referred to as “applicants”) apply in writing to the Trustee, and furnish to the Trustee reasonable proof that each such applicant has owned a Security for a period of at least six months preceding the date of such application, and such
application states that the applicants desire to communicate with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities and is accompanied by a copy of the form of proxy or other communication that such applicants
propose to transmit, then the Trustee shall, within five business days after the receipt of such application, at its election, either 
 (i) afford such applicants access to the information preserved at the time by the Trustee in accordance with Section 702(a), or 
  

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 (ii) inform such applicants as to the approximate number of Holders whose names and
addresses appear in the information preserved at the time by the Trustee in accordance with Section 702(a), and as to the approximate cost of mailing to such Holders the form of proxy or other communication, if any, specified in such
application. 
 If the Trustee elects not to afford such applicants access to such information, the Trustee shall, upon the written request
of such applicants, mail to each Holder whose name and address appear in the information preserved at the time by the Trustee in accordance with Section 702(a) a copy of the form of proxy or other communication that is specified in such
request, with reasonable promptness after a tender to the Trustee by the applicants of the material to be mailed and of payment, or provision for the payment, of the reasonable expenses of mailing, unless within five days after such tender the
Trustee shall mail to such applicants and file with the Commission, together with a copy of the material to be mailed, a written statement to the effect that, in the opinion of the Trustee, such mailing would be contrary to the best interest of the
Holders or would be in violation of applicable law. Such written statement shall specify the basis of such opinion. If the Commission, after opportunity for a hearing upon the objections specified in the written statement so filed, enters an order
refusing to sustain any of such objections or if, after the entry of an order sustaining one or more of such objections, the Commission finds, after notice and opportunity for hearing, that all the objections so sustained have been met and enters an
order so declaring, the Trustee shall mail copies of such material to all such Holders with reasonable promptness after the entry of such order and the renewal of such tender by such applicants; otherwise the Trustee shall be relieved of any
obligation or duty to such applicants respecting their application. 
 (c) Every Holder of Securities or coupons, by receiving and holding
the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of the Holders in
accordance with Section 702(b), regardless of the source from which such information was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under
Section 702(b). 
 Section 703. Reports by Trustee. (a) Within 60 days after May 15 of each year commencing with the
year 2006, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders of Registered Securities of any series, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register and to all other Holders who are entitled to receive reports pursuant to
Section 704(3), a brief report dated as of such May 15 with respect to any of the following events which may have occurred within the previous 12 months (but if no such event has occurred within such period no report need be
transmitted): 
 (1) any change to its eligibility under Section 609 and its qualifications under Section 608;

 (2) the creation of or any material change to a relationship specified in paragraphs (1) through (10) of Section 310(b) of
the Trust Indenture Act; 
  

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 (3) the character and amount of any advances (and if the Trustee elects so to state, the circumstances
surrounding the making thereof) made by the Trustee (as such) which remain unpaid on the date of such report, and for the reimbursement of which it claims or may claim a lien or charge, prior to that of the Securities of such series or any related
coupons, on any property or funds held or collected by it as Trustee, except that the Trustee shall not be required (but may elect) to report such advances if such advances so remaining unpaid aggregate not more than one-half of 1% of the principal
amount of the Securities of such series Outstanding on the date of such report; 
 (4) the amount, interest rate and maturity date of all
other indebtedness owing by the Company (or by any other obligor on the Securities of such series) to the Trustee in its individual capacity, on the date of such report, with a brief description of any property held as collateral security therefor,
except an indebtedness based upon a creditor relationship arising in any manner described in paragraphs (2), (3), (4) or (6) of Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act; 
 (5) any change to the property and funds, if any, physically in the possession of the Trustee as such on the date of such report; 
 (6) any additional issue of Securities which the Trustee has not previously reported; and 
 (7) any action taken by the Trustee in the performance of its duties hereunder which it has not previously reported and which in its opinion materially
affects the Securities of such series, except action in respect of a default, notice of which has been or is to be withheld by the Trustee in accordance with Section 602. 
 (b) The Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders of Registered Securities of any series, as their names and addresses appear in the Security
Register and to all Holders who are entitled to receive reports pursuant to Section 704(3), a brief report with respect to the character and amount of any advances (and if the Trustee elects so to state, the circumstances surrounding the
making thereof) made by the Trustee (as such) since the date of the last report transmitted pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section (or if no such report has yet been so transmitted, since the date of execution of this instrument) for the
reimbursement of which it claims or may claim a lien or charge, prior to that of the Securities of such series, on property or funds held or collected by it as Trustee and which it has not previously reported pursuant to this subsection, except that
the Trustee shall not be required (but may elect) to report such advances if such advances remaining unpaid at any time aggregate 10% or less of the principal amount of the Securities of such series Outstanding at such time, such report to be
transmitted within 90 days after such time. 
 (c) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by
the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company will notify the Trustee in writing when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange. 
  

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 Section 704. Reports by Company. The Company shall: 
 (1) file with the Trustee, within 45 days after the Company is required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports
and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company may be required to file with the Commission pursuant
to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934; or, if the Company is not required to file information, documents or reports pursuant to either of said Sections, then it shall file with the Trustee and the
Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports that may be required pursuant to Section 13 of the U.S. Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 in respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations; 
 (2) file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission, such additional
information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and regulations; and 
 (3) transmit by mail to all Holders of Registered Securities, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register, to such Holders of
Unregistered Securities as have, within the two years preceding such transmission, filed their names and addresses with the Trustee for that purpose and to each Holder whose name and address is then preserved on the Trustee’s list pursuant to
the first sentence of Section 702(a), within 30 days after the filing thereof with the Trustee, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of
this Section as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission. 
 ARTICLE EIGHT 
 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE OR TRANSFER 
 Section 801. Company May Consolidate, Etc. Only on Certain Terms. The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other corporation or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any
Person, unless: 
 (1) the corporation formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person that
acquires by conveyance, transfer or lease the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall be a Person organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia
and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on all the Outstanding
Securities and the performance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed; 
  

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 (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of Default and no event
that, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and 
 (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and
that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been met. 
 Section 802. Successor Corporation
Substituted. Upon any consolidation or merger or any conveyance, transfer or lease of all or substantially all the properties and assets of the Company in accordance with Section 801, the successor corporation formed by such
consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if
such successor corporation had been named as the Company herein and thereafter, in the case of a conveyance, transfer or lease of properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety, such conveyance, transfer or lease shall have the
effect of releasing the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument or any successor corporation which shall theretofore have become such in the manner prescribed in this Article from its liability as obligor
and maker on any of the Securities. 
 ARTICLE NINE 
 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 
 Section 901. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.
Without the consent of any Holders, the Company and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes: 
 (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company
herein and in the Securities; or 
 (2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any
series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series), or to surrender any right or power herein
conferred upon the Company; or 
 (3) to add any additional Events of Default with respect to all or any series of Securities
Outstanding hereunder; or 
 (4) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be
necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons; or 
  

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 (5) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture, or to add any new
provision to this Indenture, in respect of one or more series of Securities; provided, however, that any such change, elimination or addition (A) shall neither (i) apply to any Security Outstanding on the date of such
indenture supplemental hereto nor (ii) modify the rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision in effect prior to the date of such indenture supplemental hereto or (B) shall become effective only when no
Security of such series remains Outstanding; or 
 (6) to secure the Securities pursuant to the requirements of any covenant
on liens in respect of such series of Securities or otherwise; or 
 (7) to establish for the issuance of and establish the
form or terms and conditions of Securities of any series or Tranche thereof as permitted by Section 301(b), and to establish the form of any certificates required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of
Securities; or 
 (8) to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of all, or any series or Tranche of,
certificated Securities; or 
 (9) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a separate or
successor Trustee or co-trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by
more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 611(b); or 
 (10) to change any place or places
where (a) the principal of or premium, if any, or interest, if any, on all or any series of Securities, or any Tranche thereof, shall be payable, (b) all or any series of Securities, or any Tranche thereof, may be surrendered for
registration or transfer, (c) all or any series of Securities, or any Tranche thereof, may be surrendered for exchange and (d) notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of all or any series of Securities, or any Tranche
thereof, and this Indenture may be served; 
 (11) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision herein that
may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, provided such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series or Tranche in any material respect; or 
 (12) to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture, provided such action shall not
adversely affect the interests of the Holders of any Securities of any series or Tranche Outstanding on the date of such indenture supplemental hereto. 
 Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, if the Trust Indenture Act as in effect at the date of the execution and delivery of this Indenture or at any time thereafter becomes amended and 
  

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 (x) if any such amendment requires one or more changes to any provisions hereof or the inclusion herein
of any additional provisions, or by operation of law is deemed to effect such changes or incorporate such provisions by reference or otherwise, this Indenture shall be deemed to have been amended so as to conform to such amendment to the Trust
Indenture Act, and the Company and the Trustee may, without the consent of any Holders, enter into an indenture supplemental hereto to effect or evidence such changes or additional provisions; or 
 (y) if any such amendment permits one or more changes to, or the elimination of, any provisions hereof that, at the date hereof or at any time
thereafter, are required by the Trust Indenture Act to be contained herein (or if it is no longer required by the Trust Indenture Act for the Indenture to contain one or more provisions), this Indenture shall be deemed to have been amended to effect
such changes or elimination, and the Company and the Trustee may, without the consent of any Holders, enter into an indenture supplemental hereto to evidence such amendment hereof; or 
 (z) if, by reason of any such amendment, it shall be no longer necessary for this Indenture to contain one or more provisions that, at the date of the
execution and delivery hereof, are required by the Trust Indenture Act to be contained herein, the Company and the Trustee may, without the consent of any Holders, enter into an indenture supplemental hereto to effect the elimination of such
provisions. 
 Section 902. Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders. (a) Except as set forth in paragraph (c) below,
with the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Senior Securities of all series then Outstanding (considered as one class), the Company, when authorized by a resolution of its Board of Directors
(which resolution may provide general terms or parameters for such action and may provide that the specific terms of such action may be determined in accordance with or pursuant to a Company Order), and the Trustee may, from time to time and at any
time, enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any
manner the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each such series or of the Coupons appertaining to such Securities or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided,
however, that if there are Senior Securities of more than one series Outstanding hereunder and if a proposed supplemental indenture shall directly affect the rights of the Holders of Senior Securities of one or more, but less than all, of such
series, then the consent only of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series so directly affected, considered as one class, shall be required. 
 (b) Except as set forth in paragraph (c) below, with the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Subordinated Securities of all series of equal ranking then Outstanding (considered as one class), the Company, when authorized by a resolution of its Board of Directors (which resolution may provide general terms or parameters for such action and
may provide that the specific terms of such action may be determined in accordance with or pursuant to a Company Order), and the Trustee may, from time to time and at any time, enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the
purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of 

  

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this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each such series or of the
Coupons appertaining to such Securities or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that if there are Subordinated Securities of more than one series of equal
ranking Outstanding hereunder and if a proposed supplemental indenture shall directly affect the rights of the Holders of Subordinated Securities of one or more, but less than all, of such series, then the consent only of the Holders of a majority
in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series so directly affected, considered as one class, shall be required. 
 (c) No such supplemental indenture or waiver shall, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, 
 (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon (or the amount of any
installment of interest thereon) or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or change the method of calculating the rate of interest thereon, or change any obligation to pay any Additional Amounts, or reduce the amount of the principal of
an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502, or change the coin or currency (or other property) in which, any Security or any
premium or the interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date, or, in the case of
repayment at the option of the Holders, on or after the Repayment Date), or modify any provisions of this Indenture with respect to the conversion or exchange of the Securities into Securities of another series or into any other debt or equity
securities in a manner adverse to the Holders, or 
 (2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder
and their consequences provided for in this Indenture, or 
 (3) modify any of the provisions of this Section,
Section 513 or Section 1007, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security
affected thereby, provided, however, that this clause shall not be deemed to require the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the references to “the Trustee” and concomitant changes in this Section and
Section 1007, or the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of Sections 611(b) and 901(9). 
 A supplemental indenture that changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture that has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or that modifies the rights of the
Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series. 
  

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 It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to approve the particular form of any
proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof. A waiver by a Holder of such Holder’s rights to consent under this Section shall be deemed to be a consent of such Holder. 

Section 903. Execution of Supplemental Indentures. In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture
permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel
stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or
immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. 
 Section 904. Effect of Supplemental Indentures. Upon the execution of any
supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter
authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby. Any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article may restate this Indenture in its entirety, and, upon the execution and delivery thereof, any such restatement shall supersede this
Indenture as theretofore in effect for all purposes. 
 Section 905. Conformity With Trust Indenture Act. Every supplemental
indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect. 
 Section 906.
Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures. Securities of any series, or any Tranche thereof, authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by the
Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company so determines, new Securities of any series, or any Tranche thereof, and any appertaining coupons so modified as to
conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series or Tranche
and any appertaining coupons. 
 Section 907. Revocation and Effect of Consents. Until an amendment or waiver becomes effective, a
consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of the consent
is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date on which the Trustee receives an
Officer’s Certificate certifying that the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Securities have consented to the amendment or waiver. After an amendment or waiver becomes effective, it shall bind every Holder of each series of Securities
affected by such amendment or waiver. 
  

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 The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the
Holders entitled to consent to any amendment or waiver. If a record date is fixed, then notwithstanding the provisions of the immediately preceding paragraph, those persons who were Holders at such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and
only those persons, shall be entitled to consent to such amendment or waiver or to revoke any consent previously given, whether or not such persons continue to be Holders after such record date. 
 After an amendment or waiver becomes effective it shall bind every Holder, unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (1) through
(3) of Section 902(c). In such case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s
Security. 
 Section 908. Modification Without Supplemental Indenture. If the terms of any particular series of Securities have been
established in a Board Resolution or an Officer’s Certificate as contemplated by Section 301, and not in an indenture supplemental hereto, additions to, changes in or the elimination of any of such terms may be effected by means of
a supplemental Board Resolution or Officer’s Certificate, as the case may be, delivered to, and accepted by, the Trustee; provided, however, that such supplemental Board Resolution or Officer’s Certificate shall not be accepted by
the Trustee or otherwise be effective unless all conditions set forth in this Indenture that would be required to be satisfied if such additions, changes or elimination were contained in a supplemental indenture shall have been appropriately
satisfied. Upon the acceptance thereof by the Trustee, any such supplemental Board Resolution or Officer’s Certificate shall be deemed to be a “supplemental indenture” for purposes of Sections 904 and 906. 
 ARTICLE TEN 
 COVENANTS 
 Section 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest. (a) Subject to the following provisions, the Company will pay to the Trustee the
amounts, in such coin or currency as is at the time legal tender for the payment of public or private debt, in the manner, at the times and for the purposes set forth herein and in the text of the Securities for each series, and the Company hereby
authorizes and directs the Trustee from funds so paid to it to make or cause to be made payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities and coupons of each series as set forth herein and in the text of such Securities and
coupons. Unless otherwise provided in the Securities of a series, the Trustee will arrange directly with any Paying Agents for the payment, or the Trustee will make payment, from funds furnished by the Company, of the principal of and any premium
and interest, on the Securities and coupons of each series by check or draft. 
 (b) Unless otherwise provided in the Securities of a series,
interest, if any, on Registered Securities of a series shall be paid by check or draft on each Interest Payment Date 

  

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for such series to the Holder thereof at the close of business on the Regular Record Date specified in the Securities of such series; provided,
however, that interest payable at Maturity will be paid to the Person to whom principal is payable. The Company may pay such interest by check or draft mailed to such Holder’s address as it appears on the register for Securities of such
series. Unless otherwise provided in the Securities of a series, principal of Registered Securities shall be payable by check or draft and only against presentation and surrender of such Registered Securities at the office of the Paying Agent,
unless the Company shall have otherwise instructed the Trustee in writing. 
 (c) Unless otherwise provided in the Securities of a series,
(i) interest, if any, on Unregistered Securities shall be paid by check or draft and only against presentation and surrender of the coupons for such interest installments as are evidenced thereby as they mature and (ii) original issue
discount (as defined in Section 1273 of the Code), if any, on Unregistered Securities shall be paid by check or draft and only against presentation and surrender of such Securities, in either case at the office of a Paying Agent located outside
of the United States and its possessions, unless the Company has otherwise instructed the Trustee in an Officer’s Certificate. Unless otherwise provided in the Securities of a series, principal of and premium, if any, of Unregistered Securities
shall be paid by check or draft and only against presentation and surrender of such Securities as provided in the Securities of a series. If at the time a payment of principal of and premium, if any, or interest, if any, or original issue discount,
if any, on an Unregistered Security or coupon becomes due and the payment of the full amount so payable at the office or offices of all the Paying Agents outside the United States and its possessions is illegal or effectively precluded because of
the imposition of exchange controls or other similar restrictions on the payment of such amount in United States currency, then the Company may instruct the Trustee in an Officer’s Certificate to make such payments at the office of a Paying
Agent located in the United States. The Company hereby covenants and agrees that it shall not so instruct the Trustee with respect to payment in the United States if such payment would cause such Unregistered Security to be treated as a
“registration-required obligation” under United States law and regulations. 
 (d) At the election of the Company, any payments by
the Company provided for in this Indenture or in any of the Securities may be made by electronic funds transfer. 
 Section 1002.
Maintenance of Office or Agency. (a) The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities, or any Tranche thereof, an office or agency where Registered Securities, or any Tranche thereof, of that series may be
surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and a Place of Payment where (subject to Sections 305 and 307) Securities may be presented for payment or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of
the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301(b) with respect to any such series, the Company shall maintain such offices or agencies in connection with each series in
the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, State of New York. With respect to any series of Securities issued in whole or in part as Unregistered Securities, the Company shall maintain one or more Paying Agents located outside the United States
and its possessions and shall maintain such Paying Agents for a period of one year after the principal of such Unregistered Securities has become due and payable. During any period thereafter for which it is necessary in order to conform to United
States tax law or regulations, the Company will maintain a Paying Agent 
  

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outside the United States and its possessions to which the Unregistered Securities or coupons appertaining thereto may be presented for payment and will
provide the necessary funds therefor to such Paying Agent upon reasonable notice. The Security Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each series of Securities issued in whole or in part as Registered Securities and to their transfer and
exchange. The Company may appoint one or more co-Security Registrars acceptable to the Trustee and one or more additional Paying Agents for each series of Securities, and the Company may terminate the appointment of any co-Security Registrar or
Paying Agent at any time upon written notice. The term “Security Registrar” includes any co-Security Registrar. The term “Paying Agent” includes any additional Paying Agent. The Company shall notify the Trustee of the name and
address of any Agent not a party to this Indenture. Subject to Section 305, if the Company fails to maintain a Security Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee shall act as such. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee
of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company fails to maintain any such required office or agency or fails to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. 
 (b) The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or
surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or
agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency.

 (c) In the case of Original Issue Discount Securities of a series, the Company shall, prior to any Redemption Date or any Repayment Date
applicable thereto, furnish the Trustee with an Officer’s Certificate stating the amount of principal to be paid to a Holder of $1,000 principal amount of such Securities. 
 (d) Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, any office or agency required by this Section may be maintained at any office of the Company in
which event the Company shall perform all functions to be performed at such office or agency. 
 Section 1003. Money for Securities
Payments to Be Held in Trust. (a) If the Company at any time acts as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities, or any Tranche thereof, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of or any premium or interest on any
of such Securities, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due until such sums are paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of
as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. 
 (b) Whenever the Company has one or more
Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it will, on or prior to (and if on, then before 11:00 a.m. (New York City time)) each due date of the principal of and any premium or interest on such Securities, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum
sufficient (in immediately available funds, if payment is made on the due date) to 

  

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pay the principal and any premium and interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal,
premium or interest as provided in the Trust Indenture Act and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. 
 (c) The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities, or any Tranche thereof, other than the Trustee, to execute and deliver to the
Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will: 
 (i) comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent and 
 (ii) during the continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making of any payment in respect of the Securities of that series, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith
pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent for payment in respect of the Securities of that series 
 (d) The Company may
at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent,
such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further
liability with respect to such money. 
 (e) Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or received by the Trustee in respect
of Eligible Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 or 404, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of and any premium or interest on any Security of any series and remaining
unclaimed for two years (or such shorter period for the return of such funds to the Company under applicable abandoned property laws) after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company
Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such
Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease. 
 Section 1004.
Statement by Officers as to Default. The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof, a written statement, which need not comply with
Section 102, signed by the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer or the principal accounting officer of the Company stating, as to each signer thereof stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signers
thereof it is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions, and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder) and, if it is in default, specifying all
such defaults and the nature and status thereof of which they may have knowledge. 
  

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 Section 1005. Corporate Existence. Subject to Article Eight, the Company will do or cause
to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence, rights (charter and statutory) and franchises; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right or
franchise if, in the judgment of the Company, the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company. 
 Section 1006. Payment of Taxes and Other Claims. The Company will pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged, before the same shall become delinquent, (1) all taxes, assessments and governmental charges levied or imposed
upon it or upon the income, profits or property of it, and (2) all lawful claims for labor, materials and supplies which, if unpaid, might by law become a lien upon the property of the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall
not be required to pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged any such tax, assessment, charge or claim whose amount, applicability or validity is being contested in good faith. 
 Section 1007. Waiver of Certain Covenants. (a) The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition
set forth in (i) any additional covenants or restrictions specified with respect to the Senior Securities of any series as contemplated by Section 301 if before the time for such compliance the Holders of not less than a majority in
aggregate principal amount (or such larger proportion as may be required in respect of waiving a past default of any such additional covenant or restriction) of the Outstanding Securities of all series with respect to which such covenant or
restriction was so specified, considered as one class, by Act of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such term, provision or condition and (ii) Sections 1002, 1004, 1006, 1008, 1009,
1010 and 1011 and Article Eight if before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of Senior Securities Outstanding under this Indenture by Act of such Holders, either waive such
compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such term, provision or condition; but, in the case of (i) or (ii) of this paragraph (a), no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to
the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver becomes effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect. 
 (b) The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth in (i) any additional covenants or
restrictions specified with respect to the Subordinated Securities of any series, as contemplated by Section 301(b) if before the time for such compliance the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount (or such
larger proportion as may be required in respect of waiving a past default of any such additional covenant or restriction) of the Outstanding Securities of all series of equal ranking with respect to which such covenant or restriction was so
specified, considered as one class, by Act of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such term, provision or condition and (ii) Sections 1002, 1004, 1006, 1008,  

  

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1009, 1010, 1011 and Article Eight if before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of
Subordinated Securities Outstanding under this Indenture by Act of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such term, provision or condition; but, in the case of (i) or (ii) of this
paragraph (b), no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver becomes effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of
any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect. 
 Section 1008. Maintenance of Properties. The Company
shall cause (or, with respect to property owned in common with others, make reasonable effort to cause) all its properties used or useful in the conduct of its business to be maintained and kept in good condition, repair and working order and shall
cause (or, with respect to property owned in common with others, make reasonable effort to cause) to be made all necessary repairs, renewals, replacements, betterments and improvements thereof, all as, in the judgment of the Company, may be
necessary so that the business carried on in connection therewith may be properly conducted; provided, however, that nothing in this Section shall prevent the Company from discontinuing, or causing the discontinuance of, the operation and
maintenance of any of its properties if, in the judgment of the Company, such discontinuance (i) is desirable in the conduct of its business and (ii) will not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series in any
material respect. 
 ARTICLE ELEVEN 
 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES 
 Section 1101. Applicability of Article. Securities of any series that are redeemable
before their Stated Maturity (or, if the principal of the Securities of any series is payable in installments, the Stated Maturity of the final installment of the principal thereof) shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301(b) for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article. 
 Section
1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution or an Officer’s Certificate. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of less than
all the Securities of any series, the Company shall, at least 45 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice is satisfactory to the Trustee in its sole discretion), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date and
of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities (a) prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this
Indenture, or (b) pursuant to an election of the Company that is subject to a condition specified in the terms of such Securities the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officer’s Certificate evidencing compliance with such
restriction. 
 Section 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed. If less than all the Securities of any series are to
be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected by the Trustee not more than 45 days prior to the Redemption Date, from the 
  

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Outstanding Securities of such series not previously called for redemption, by such method as is provided for any particular series, or, in the absence of
any such provision, by such method as the Trustee deems fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series or any integral multiple
thereof) of the principal amount of Securities of such series of a denomination larger than the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series; provided, however, that if, as indicated in an Officer’s Certificate,
the Company has offered to purchase all or any principal amount of the Securities then Outstanding of any series, and less than all of such Securities as to which such offer was made have been tendered to the Company for such purchase, the Trustee,
if so directed by Company Order, shall select for redemption all or any principal amount of such Securities that have not been so tendered. 
 The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security Registrar in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

 For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall
relate, in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Securities that has been or is to be redeemed. 
 Section 1104. Notice of Redemption. Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to any series of
Securities, notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at his address appearing in the Security
Register. 
 If Unregistered Securities are to be redeemed, notice of redemption shall be published in an Authorized Newspaper in The City of
New York and, if such Securities to be redeemed are listed on any stock exchange outside of the United States, in the city in which such stock exchange is located, or in such other city or cities as may be specified in the Securities, once in each
of two different calendar weeks, the first publication to be not less than 30 nor more than 90 days before the redemption date. 
 All
notices of redemption shall state: 
 (1) the Redemption Date, 
 (2) the Redemption Price, or the formula pursuant to which the Redemption Price is to be determined if the Redemption Price cannot be
determined at the time notice is given, 
 (3) if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series are to be redeemed,
the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed, and the portion of the principal amount of any Security to be redeemed in part and, in the case of any such Security of
such series to be redeemed in part, that, on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal to the remaining unpaid principal amount thereof will be issued as
provided in Section 1106, 
  

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 (4) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due and payable upon
each such Security to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date, 
 (5) the place or places where such Securities and all unmatured coupons are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any, 
 (6) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case, 
 (7) the CUSIP numbers, if any, assigned to such Securities; provided however, that such notice may state that no representation is
made as to the correctness of CUSIP numbers, and the redemption of such Securities shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such number, and 
 (8) such other matters as the Company shall deem desirable or appropriate. 
 Unless otherwise specified with
respect to any Securities in accordance with Section 301, with respect to any notice of redemption of Securities at the election of the Company, unless, upon the giving of such notice, such Securities are deemed to have been paid in
accordance with Section 401, such notice may state that such redemption shall be conditional upon the receipt by the Paying Agent or Agents for such Securities, on or prior to the date fixed for such redemption, of money sufficient to
pay the principal of and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on such Securities and that if such money has not been so received such notice shall be of no force or effect and the Company shall not be required to redeem such Securities. In the
event that such notice of redemption contains such a condition and such money is not so received, the redemption shall not be made and within a reasonable time thereafter notice shall be given, in the manner in which the notice of redemption was
given, that such money was not so received and such redemption was not required to be made, and the Paying Agent or Agents for the Securities otherwise to have been redeemed shall promptly return to the Holders thereof any of such Securities that
had been surrendered for payment upon such redemption. 
 Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company,
and any notice of non-satisfaction of a condition for redemption as aforesaid, shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s request, by the Security Registrar in the name and at the expense of the Company. Notice of mandatory redemption
of Securities shall be given by the Security Registrar in the name and at the expense of the Company. 
 Section 1105. Securities Payable
on Redemption Date. (a) Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, and the conditions, if any, set forth in such notice having been satisfied, the Securities or portions thereof so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become
due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company defaults in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any) such Securities, or portions thereof, if interest-bearing,
shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such Security together with all unmatured coupons for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security or portion thereof, if any, shall be paid 
  

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by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date but in the case of Unregistered Securities
installments of interest due on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the bearers of the coupons for such interest by check or draft upon surrender of such coupons; provided, however, that installments of interest whose Stated
Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Regular Record Dates according to their terms and
the provisions of Section 307. 
 (b) If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for
redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the Security. 
 Section 1106. Securities Redeemed in Part. Any Security that is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement
by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his or her attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, and of like tenor and in aggregate principal amount equal to and in
exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered. 
 ARTICLE TWELVE 
 SINKING FUNDS 
 Section 1201.
Applicability of Article. The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of any series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of such
series. 
 The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a
“mandatory sinking fund payment”, and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment”. If
provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of the
series in respect of which it was made as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series. 
 Section 1202. Satisfaction of
Sinking Fund Payments With Securities. The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other than any previously called for redemption) together, in the case of Unregistered Securities, with all unmatured coupons
appertaining thereto, in respect of which a mandatory sinking fund payment is to be made and (2) may apply as a credit Securities of such series that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such
Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the 
  

 73 

 
Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such
Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount
of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. 
 Section 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. Not less than
45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms
of that series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 1202 and will also
deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in
Section 1103 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such
Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 1105 and 1106. 
 ARTICLE THIRTEEN 
 REPAYMENT OF SECURITIES AT OPTION OF HOLDERS 
 Section 1301. Applicability of Article. Securities of any series that are repayable before their Stated Maturity at the option of the Holders shall be repayable in accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article. 
 Section 1302. Notice of
Repayment Date. Notice of any Repayment Date with respect to Securities of any series shall be given by the Company not less than 45 nor more than 60 days prior to such Repayment Date (or at such other times as may be specified for such
repayment or repurchase pursuant to Section 301) to each Holder of Securities of such series in accordance with Section 106. 
 The notice as to the Repayment Date shall state (unless otherwise specified for such repayment or repurchase pursuant to Section 301): 
 (1) the Repayment Date, which date shall be no earlier than 30 days and no later than 60 days from the date on which such notice is
mailed; 
 (2) the principal amount of the Securities required to be repaid or repurchased and the Repayment Price (or the
formula pursuant to which the Repayment Price is to be determined if the Repayment Price cannot be determined at the time the notice is given); 
 (3) the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment of the Repayment Price, and accrued interest, if any, and the date by which Securities must be so surrendered in order to be repaid or
repurchased; 
  

 74 

 (4) that any Security not tendered or accepted for payment shall continue to accrue
interest; 
 (5) that, unless the Company defaults in making such payment or the Paying Agent is prohibited from paying such
money to the Holders on that date pursuant to the terms of this Indenture, Securities accepted for payment pursuant to any such offer of repayment or repurchase shall cease to accrue interest after the Repayment Date; 
 (6) that Holders electing to have a Security repaid or purchased pursuant to such offer may elect to have all or any portion of such
Security purchased; 
 (7) that Holders electing to have a Security repaid or repurchased pursuant to any such offer shall be
required to surrender the Security, with such customary documents of surrender and transfer as the Company may reasonably request, duly completed, or transfer by book-entry transfer, to the Company or the Paying Agent at the address specified in the
notice at least two Business Days prior to the Repayment Date; 
 (8) that Holders shall be entitled to withdraw their
election if the Company or the Paying Agent, as the case may be, receives, not later than the expiration of the offer to repay or repurchase, a telegram, facsimile transmission or letter setting forth the name of the Holder, the principal amount of
the Security the Holder delivered for purchase and a statement that such Holder is withdrawing its election to have such Security purchased; 
 (9) that, in the case of a repayment or repurchase of less than all Outstanding Securities of a series, the method of selection of Securities to be repaid or repurchased to be applied by the Trustee if the principal
amount of properly tendered Securities exceeds the principal amount of the Securities to be repaid or repurchased; 
 (10)
that Holders whose Securities are purchased only in part shall be issued new Securities of the same series equal in principal amount to the unpurchased portion of the Securities surrendered (or transferred by book-entry transfer); and 
 (11) the CUSIP or other identification number, if any, printed on the Securities being repurchased and that no representation is made as
to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP or other identification number, if any, listed in such notice or printed on the Securities. 
 Section 1303. Securities Payable on Repayment Date. The form of option to elect repurchase or repayment having been delivered as specified in the form of Security for such series, the Securities of such series so to be repaid (after
application of the method of selection described pursuant to clause (9) of Section 1402, if the principal amount of properly tendered Securities exceeds the principal amount of the Securities to be repaid or repurchased) shall, on
the Repayment Date, become due and payable at the Repayment Price applicable thereto and from and after such date (unless the Company defaults in the payment of the Repayment Price and accrued interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest.
Upon surrender of any such Security for repayment in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Repayment Price together with accrued interest, if any, to the Repayment Date; provided, however, that if a
Security is repaid or repurchased on or after a 
  

 75 

 
Regular Record Date but on or prior to the Stated Maturity of any installments of interest, then any accrued and unpaid interest due on such Stated Maturity
shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Regular Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 307.

 If any Security is not paid upon surrender thereof for repayment, the principal (and premium, if any) shall, until paid, bear interest
from the Repayment Date at the rate prescribed therefor in such Security. 
 Section 1304. Securities Repaid in Part. Any Security
that by its terms may be repaid in part at the option of the Holder and that is to be repaid only in part shall be surrendered at any office or agency of the Company designated for that purpose pursuant to Section 1002 (with, if the
Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his or her attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company
shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series, as provided in Section 305, of any authorized denomination as requested
by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unrepaid portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered. 
 ARTICLE FOURTEEN 
 SUBORDINATION 
 Section 1401. Agreement to Subordinate Certain Securities. 
 The Company agrees, and each Holder by
accepting a Subordinated Security agrees, that the Indebtedness evidenced by any Subordinated Security is subordinated in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner provided in this Article 14, to the prior payment in full in cash of
all Senior Debt (whether outstanding on the date hereof or hereafter created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed), and that the subordination is for the benefit of the holders of Senior Debt. 
 Section 1402. Liquidation; Dissolution; Bankruptcy. 
 Upon any distribution to creditors of the Company in a liquidation or dissolution of the Company or in a bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, receivership or similar proceeding relating to the Company or its
property, in an assignment for the benefit of creditors or any marshaling of the Company’s assets and liabilities: 
 (i) holders of
Senior Debt shall be entitled to receive payment in full in cash of all Obligations due in respect of such Senior Debt before Holders of the Subordinated Securities shall be entitled to receive any payment with respect to the Subordinated Securities
(except that Holders may receive (A) Permitted Junior Securities and (B) payments and other distributions made from any defeasance trust created pursuant to Article Four hereof); and 
  

 76 

 (ii) until all Obligations with respect to Senior Debt (as provided in clause (i) above) are paid in
full in cash, any distribution to which Holders would be entitled but for this Article 14 shall be made to holders of Senior Debt (except that Holders of Subordinated Securities may receive (A) Permitted Junior Securities and
(B) payments and other distributions made from any defeasance trust created pursuant to Article Four hereof), as their interests may appear. 
 Section 1403. Default on Designated Senior Debt. 
 (a) The Company may not make any payment or
distribution to the Trustee or any Holder in respect of Obligations with respect to the Subordinated Securities and may not acquire from the Trustee or any Holder any Subordinated Securities for cash or property (other than (A) Permitted Junior
Securities and (B) payments and other distributions made from any defeasance trust created pursuant to Article Four hereof) until all principal and other Obligations with respect to the Senior Debt have been paid in full in cash if:

  

	 	(i)	a default in the payment of any principal or other Obligations with respect to Designated Senior Debt occurs; or 

  

	 	(ii)	a default, other than a payment default, on Designated Senior Debt occurs and is continuing that then permits holders of the Designated Senior Debt to accelerate its maturity and
the Trustee receives a notice of the default (a “Payment Blockage Notice”) from the holder or holders of such Designated Senior Debt or the trustee, agent or Representative acting on behalf of such Designated Senior Debt. If
the Trustee receives any such Payment Blockage Notice, no subsequent Payment Blockage Notice shall be effective for purposes of this Section unless and until (A) at least 360 days shall have elapsed since the effectiveness of the immediately
prior Payment Blockage Notice and (B) all scheduled payments of principal, premium and interest on the Subordinated Securities that have come due have been paid in full in cash. No nonpayment default that existed or was continuing on the date
of delivery of any Payment Blockage Notice to the Trustee shall be, or be made, the basis for a subsequent Payment Blockage Notice, unless such default has been cured or waived for a period of not less than 90 days. 

  

	 	(b)	The Company may and shall resume payments on and distributions in respect of the Subordinated Securities: 

  

	 	(i)	in the case of a default referred to in clause (i) of paragraph (a) above, the date upon which the default is cured or waived; 

  

	 	(ii)	in the case of a default referred to in clause (ii) of paragraph (a) above, upon the earlier of the date on which such nonpayment default is cured or waived or 179 days
after the date on which the applicable Payment Blockage Notice is received, unless the maturity of any Designated Senior Debt has been accelerated; and 

  

	 	(iii)	in either case, upon the earlier of the payment in full of the obligations outstanding under and the satisfaction and discharge or defeasance of Designated Senior Debt,

  

 77 

 if this Article 14 otherwise permits the payment, distribution or acquisition at the time of such payment or
acquisition. 
 Section 1404. Acceleration of Subordinated Securities. 
 If payment of any Subordinated Securities is accelerated because of an Event of Default, the Company and the Trustee shall promptly notify holders of
Designated Senior Debt of the acceleration. 
 Section 1405. When Distribution Must Be Paid Over. 
 In the event that the Trustee or any Holder receives any payment of any Obligations with respect to the Subordinated Securities (other than Permitted
Junior Securities) at a time when the Trustee or such Holder, as applicable, has actual knowledge that such payment is prohibited by Section 1403 hereof, such payment shall be held by the Trustee or such Holder, in trust for the benefit
of, and shall be paid forthwith over and delivered, upon written request, to, the holders of Senior Debt as their interests may appear or their Representative under the indenture or other agreement (if any) pursuant to which Senior Debt may have
been issued, as their respective interests may appear, for application to the payment of all Obligations with respect to Senior Debt remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay such Obligations in full in accordance with their terms, after
giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for the holders of Senior Debt. 
 With respect to the holders of Senior Debt,
the Trustee undertakes to perform only such obligations on the part of the Trustee as are specifically set forth in this Article 14, and no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of Senior Debt shall be read into this
Indenture against the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Debt, and shall not be liable to any such holders if the Trustee shall pay over or distribute to or on behalf of Holders or the Company
or any other Person money or assets to which any holders of Senior Debt shall be entitled by virtue of this Article 14, except if such payment is made as a result of the willful misconduct or gross negligence of the Trustee. 
 Section 1406. Notice by Company. 
 The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee and the Paying Agent of any facts known to the Company that would cause a payment of any Obligations with respect to the Subordinated Securities to violate this Article 14, but failure to
give such notice shall not affect the subordination of the Subordinated Securities to the Senior Debt as provided in this Article 14. 
 Section 1407. Subrogation. 
 After all Senior Debt is paid in full and until the Subordinated Securities are paid in
full, Holders of Subordinated Securities shall be subrogated (equally and ratably with all other Indebtedness pari passu with the Subordinated Securities) to the rights of holders of Senior Debt to receive distributions
applicable to Senior Debt to the extent that distributions otherwise payable to the Holders of Subordinated Securities have been applied to the payment of Senior Debt. A distribution made under this Article 14 to holders of Senior Debt that
otherwise would have been made to Holders of Subordinated Securities except for the provisions of this Article 

  

 78 

 
14, and a payment over pursuant to this Article 14 to the holders of Senior Debt by Holders or the Trustee on their behalf pursuant to this
Article 14, shall not, as between the Company and Holders, be deemed a payment by the Company on or on account of the Subordinated Securities. 
 Section 1408. Relative Rights. 
 This Article 14 defines the relative rights of Holders of
Subordinated Securities and holders of Senior Debt. Nothing in this Indenture shall: 
  

	 	(i)	impair, as between the Company and Holders of Subordinated Securities, the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay principal of, and any premium and
interest on, the Subordinated Securities in accordance with their terms; 

  

	 	(ii)	affect the relative rights of Holders of Subordinated Securities and creditors of the Company other than their rights in relation to holders of Senior Debt; or

  

	 	(iii)	prevent the Trustee or any Holder of Subordinated Securities from exercising its available remedies upon a Default or Event of Default, subject to the rights of holders and owners
of Senior Debt to receive distributions and payments otherwise payable to Holders of Subordinated Securities. 

 If the Company
fails, because of this Article 14, to pay principal of or interest on a Subordinated Security on the due date, the failure is still a Default or Event of Default. 
 Section 1409. Subordination May Not Be Impaired by Company. 
 No right of any holder of Senior Debt to
enforce the subordination of the Indebtedness evidenced by the Subordinated Securities shall be impaired by any act or failure to act by the Company or any Holder or by the failure of the Company or any Holder to comply with this Indenture.

 Section 1410. Distribution or Notice to Representative. 
 Whenever a distribution is to be made or a notice given to holders of Senior Debt, the distribution may be made and the notice given to their
Representative. 
 Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to in this Article 14, the Trustee and the
Holders of Subordinated Securities shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree made by any court of competent jurisdiction or upon any certificate of such Representative or of the liquidating trustee or agent or other Person making any
distribution to the Trustee or to the Holders of Subordinated Securities for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of the Senior Debt and other Indebtedness of the Company, the amount
thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article 14. 
  

 79 

 Section 1411. Rights of Trustee and Paying Agent. 
 Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article 14 or any other provision of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of the
existence of any facts that would prohibit the making of any payment or distribution by the Trustee, and the Trustee and the Paying Agent may continue to make payments on the Subordinated Securities, unless the Trustee shall have received at its
Corporate Trust Office at least five Business Days prior to the date of such payment written notice of facts that would cause the payment of any Obligations with respect to the Subordinated Securities to violate this Article 14. Only a
Representative may give the notice. Nothing in this Article 14 shall impair the claims of, or payments to, the Trustee under or pursuant to Section 607 hereof. 
 The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may hold Senior Debt with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the
same with like rights. 
 Section 1412. Authorization to Effect Subordination. 
 Each Holder of Subordinated Securities, by the Holder’s acceptance thereof, authorizes and directs the Trustee on such Holder’s behalf to take
such action as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination as provided in this Article 14, and appoints the Trustee to act as such Holder’s attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes. If the Trustee does not file
a proper proof of claim or proof of debt in the form required in any proceeding referred to in Section 504 hereof at least 30 days before the expiration of the time to file such claim, the Representatives are hereby authorized to file an
appropriate claim for and on behalf of the Holders of the Subordinated Securities. 
 Section 1413. Amendments. 
 The provisions of this Article 14 shall not be amended or modified without the written consent of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Senior Debt. 
  

 80 

 This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed
to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed and attested, all as of the date first above written. 
  

					
		 	MediciNova, Inc.
	[CORPORATE SEAL]	 		 	
		 	By	 	  

		 	Name:	 	
		 	Title:	 	
	Attest:	 		 	
			
	  
	 		 	
			
	Secretary	 		 	
		 	[TRUSTEE]
			
		 	By	 	  

		 		 	Vice President

  

 81 

					
	STATE OF [            ]	  	)	  	
		  	)	  	ss:
	CITY OF [            ] AND COUNTY OF [            ]	  	)	  	

 On the             day of l , 2006, before me personally came             , to me known, who, being by
me duly sworn, did depose and say that he is Secretary of MediciNova, Inc., one of the corporations described in and which executed the foregoing instrument; that he knows the seal of said corporation; that the seal affixed to said instruments is
such corporate seal; that it was so affixed by authority of the By-Laws of said corporation, and that he signed his name thereto by authority of the Board of Directors of said corporation. 
  

	
	  

  

 82 

 MediciNova, Inc. 
 Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and 
 Indenture, dated as of
l, 2006 
  

						
	Trust Indenture	  	Indenture Sections
	Act Section	  	 
	§ 310	(a)(1)	 		  	609
	 	(a)(2)	 		  	609
	 	(a)(3)	 		  	Not Applicable
	 	(a)(4)	 		  	Not Applicable
	 	(a)(5)	 		  	609
	 	(b)	 		  	608
			 		  	610
	§ 311	(a)	 		  	613(a)
	 	(b)	 		  	613(b)
	 	(b)(2)	 		  	703(a)(2)
	703	(b)	 		  	
	§ 312	(a)	 		  	701
	702	(a)	 		  	
	 	(b)	 		  	702(b)
	 	(c)	 		  	702(c)
	§ 313	(a)	 		  	703(a)
	 	(b)	 		  	703(b)
	 	(c)	 		  	703(a), 703(b)
	 	(d)	 		  	703(c)
	§ 314	(a)	 		  	704, 1004
	 	(b)	 		  	Not Applicable
	 	(c)(1)	 		  	102
	 	(c)(2)	 		  	102
	 	(c)(3)	 		  	Not Applicable
	 	(d)	 		  	Not Applicable
	 	(e)	 		  	102
	§ 315	(a)	 		  	601(a)
	 	(b)	 		  	602
	703	(a)(7)	 		  	
	 	(c)	 		  	601(b)
	 	(d)	 		  	601(c)
	 	(d)(l)	 		  	601(a)(1)
	 	(d)(2)	 		  	601(c)(2)
	 	(d)(3)	 		  	601(c)(3)
	 	(e)	 		  	514
	§ 316	(a)	 		  	101
	 	(a)(1)(A)	 		  	502
	512	 	 		  	
	 	(a)(1)(B)	 		  	513
	 	(a)(2)	 		  	Not Applicable
	 	(b)	 		  	508
	 	(c)	 		  	104(g)
	§ 317	(a)(l)	 		  	503
	 	(a)(2)	 		  	504
	 	(b)	 		  	1003
	§ 318	(a)	 		  	107

 Note: This
reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture. 
  

 83

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