Document:

Employment Agreement between Mannatech and Ms. Bettina Simon

 Exhibit 10.33 
 EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT 
 This Employment Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into
by and between Mannatech Incorporated (the “Company”) and Bettina Simon, Esq. (the “Employee”), and is effective as of November 11, 2005 (“Effective Date”). The Company desires to employ
the Employee, and the Employee desires to be employed by the Company. Therefore, in consideration of the mutual promises and agreements contained herein, the Company and the Employee (collectively, the “Parties”) hereby agree as
follows: 
 SECTION 1. 
 EMPLOYMENT 
 1.1 Employment. The Company hereby employs the Employee, and the Employee hereby accepts
employment by the Company, for the period and upon the terms and conditions contained in this Agreement. 
 1.2 Office and Duties.
The Employee shall serve as Senior Vice President & Chief Legal Officer (collectively, the “CLO”) of the Company, with the authority, duties and responsibilities described herein and those customarily incident to such
office. The Employee shall report directly to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Board of Directors (the “Board”) and shall perform such services, duties and responsibilities commensurate with her position as may
from time to time be assigned to her by the Board or by the Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) of the Company. 
 1.3
Performance. During her employment under this Agreement, the Employee shall devote on a full-time basis all of her time, energy, skill and best efforts to the performance of her duties hereunder in a manner that will faithfully and
diligently further the business and interests of the Company. The Employee may, however, engage in civic, charitable, and professional or trade activities so long as those activities do not interfere with the performance of her duties hereunder. The
Employee shall comply with the employee policies and written manuals of the Company that are applicable generally to executive employees of the Company, as they exist and/or are modified from time to time. In the event of conflict or inconsistency
between this Agreement and the employee policies and written manuals of the Company, the terms of this Agreement shall govern. The Employee shall not work either on a part-time or independent contractor basis for any other business or enterprise
during the Term of Employment. 
 1.4 Place of Work. The Employee shall perform services under this Agreement at the
Company’s principal office in the City of Coppell, Dallas County, Texas, and at such other place or places as the Employee’s duties and responsibilities may require. 
 1.5 Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance. The Company shall maintain director and officer liability insurance covering
acts or omissions by the Employee in the performance of her duties to the Company under this Agreement as CLO and, if she serves as such, as a director of the Company. The Company shall maintain such insurance in effect during the Term of Employment
(including any extensions of the Term of Employment). Such insurance coverage shall be in reasonable amounts and shall contain such other reasonable terms and conditions as shall be established by the Company. 
 1.6 Indemnity. As of the Effective Date, the Company shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Employee against all claims, actions,
lawsuits, judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses that are filed, pursued, or otherwise sought by third parties, as applicable, in any proceeding resulting from the performance of the Employee’s duties to the Company as
CLO under this Agreement, as follows: 
 a. Right to Indemnification. In the event that the Employee was or is made a party or was or
is threatened to be made a party to or was or is involved or called as a witness in any action, suit, proceeding or alternative dispute resolution mechanism, or any hearing, inquiry or investigation that the Employee in good faith believes may lead
to the institution of any such action, suit, proceeding or alternative dispute resolution mechanism, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, and any appeal therefrom (hereinafter, collectively a “Proceeding”), by
reason of the fact that she was, is or had agreed to become a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Company, the Employee shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, as
the same now exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Company to provide broader indemnification rights than the Company was permitted to provide prior to such
amendment) against all expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and all other costs, expenses, liabilities, obligations 

 
and disbursements in connection with investigating, prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute and defend, or being a witness or other participant in any
Proceeding), liabilities and losses (including, but not limited to, judgments, fines and amounts paid for or to be paid in settlement) incurred or suffered by the Employee in connection with any Proceeding (collectively,
“Expenses”), provided however, that, except as provided in Section 1.6(e) hereof, the Company shall indemnify the Employee in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by the Employee only if such Proceeding (or
part thereof) was authorized by the Board. 
 b. Expenses. Expenses incurred by the Employee in defending or otherwise being involved
in a Proceeding shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding, including any appeal therefrom, upon receipt of an undertaking (the “Undertaking”) by the Employee to repay such amount if it shall
ultimately be determined that she is not entitled to be indemnified hereunder; provided however, that in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by the Employee, except as provided in Section 1.6(e) hereof, the Company shall
pay such Expenses in advance of the final disposition only if such Proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board. The Parties agree and the Undertaking shall provide that if the Employee has commenced Proceedings in a court of competent
jurisdiction to secure a determination that she should be indemnified hereunder, she shall not be obligated to repay the Company, as the case may be, during the pendency of such Proceeding. 
 c. Mandatory Payment of Expenses. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that the Employee has been successful on
the merits or otherwise, including, without limitation, the dismissal of an action without prejudice, in the defense of any Proceeding or in the defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the Employee shall be indemnified hereunder against all
Expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Employee in connection therewith. 
 d. Notice. The Employee shall, as a condition precedent
to the Employee’s right to be indemnified hereunder, give the Company notice in writing as soon as practicable of any Proceeding for which indemnification will or could be sought under this Agreement. 
 e. Protection of Rights. If a claim under this Agreement or under any other agreement providing indemnification to the Employee by the Company
(“Other Agreement”) is not promptly paid in full by the Company after a written Claim has been received by the Company, or if Expenses pursuant to this Agreement or any Other Agreement have not been promptly advanced after a written
request for such advancement accompanied by the Undertaking has been received by the Company, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Company to recover the unpaid amount of the claim or the advancement of Expenses. If
successful, in whole or in part, in such suit, the Employee shall also be entitled to be paid the reasonable expense thereof. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for Expenses incurred in
defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required Undertaking has been tendered to the Company) that the Employee has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under applicable law for the Company to
indemnify the Employee for the amount claimed, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the Company. 
 f. No Presumption.
For purposes of this Agreement, the termination of any Proceeding, by judgment, order, settlement (whether with or without court approval) or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not create a presumption that the
Employee did not meet any particular standard of conduct or have any particular belief or that a court has determined that indemnification or contribution is not permitted by applicable law. 
 g. Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights conferred on the Employee by this Agreement shall not be exclusive of any other right which the Employee
may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Company’s certificate of incorporation or by-laws, other agreement, vote of stockholders or directors or otherwise. 

 h. Selection of Counsel. In the event that the Company shall be obligated hereunder to pay the
Expenses of any Proceeding, the Company shall be entitled to assume the defense of such Proceeding with counsel approved by the Employee, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, upon the delivery to the Employee of written notice of its
election so to do. After delivery of such notice, approval of such counsel by the Employee and the retention of such counsel by the Company, the Company will not be liable to the Employee under this Agreement for any fees of counsel subsequently
incurred by the Employee with respect to the same Proceeding; provided; however, that, (i) the Employee shall have the right to employ her own counsel in any such Proceeding at the Employee’s expense and (ii) if (A) the
employment of counsel by the Employee has been previously authorized by the Company, (B) the Employee shall have reasonably concluded that there is a conflict, of interest between the Company and the Employee in the conduct of any such defense,
or (C) the Company shall not continue to retain such counsel to defend such Proceeding, then the fees and expenses of the Employee’s counsel shall be at the expense of the Company. The Company shall have the right to conduct such defense
as it sees fit in its sole discretion, including the right to settle any claim against the Employee without the consent of the Employee. 
 i. Subrogation. In the event of any payment under this Section 1.6 to the Employee, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Employee, who shall execute all papers
required and shall do everything that may be necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Employee to bring suit to enforce such rights. 
 j. Exceptions. Any other provision herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company shall not be obligated pursuant to the terms of this
Agreement to indemnify the Employee for Expenses resulting from acts, omissions or transactions for which the Employee is prohibited from receiving indemnification under applicable law. 
 k. No Duplication of Payments. The Company shall not be liable under this Agreement to make any payment of Expenses to the extent the Employee has
otherwise actually received payment under any insurance policy, statute, provision of the Company’s certificate of incorporation or by-laws, other agreement, vote of stockholders or directors or otherwise of the amounts otherwise indemnifiable.

 l. Partial Indemnification. If the Employee is entitled under any part of this Agreement to indemnification for some or a portion
of Expenses incurred in connection with any Proceeding, but not, however, for all of the total amount thereof, the Company shall nevertheless indemnify the Employee for the portion of such Expenses to which the Employee is entitled. 
 1.7 Exclusive Employment. Without limiting Section 1.3 hereof, during the Term of Employment, the Employee will not, without the prior
written consent of the Board: 
 a. serve as a spokesperson, representative, employee, consultant, agent, officer, or member of any board of
directors (or any similar governing body) for any for-profit business other than the Company; 
 b. serve as a spokesperson, representative,
employee, owner, consultant, agent, officer, or member of any board of directors (or any similar governing body) for any business which is a supplier to the Company or which competes with the Company, in each case whether directly or indirectly;

 c. own any equity or economic interest in any company that competes directly or indirectly with the Company, except that this does not
preclude ownership of less than 5% of the outstanding equity securities of any public reporting company; or 
 d. promote or endorse at
Company business functions any other organization(s) with which she may be associated or affiliated. 

 SECTION 2. 
 EMPLOYMENT TERM 
 2.1 Term. The term of the Employee’s employment under
this Agreement commences on the Effective Date and shall continue for a period of two (2) years (the “Term of Employment”), subject to prior termination only as provided in this Agreement. The Term of Employment shall
automatically renew for a period of two (2) years at the end of the second year, and after that the Term of Employment shall continue to automatically renew for periods of two (2) years, without the need for any action by either Party,
unless: (a) the Company provides the Employee with a written notice of non-renewal at least ninety (90) days prior to the end of the then-current Term of Employment, including any automatic renewal period (“Notice of
Non-Renewal”); or (b) the Employee’s employment is otherwise terminated in accordance with Section 8 of this Agreement. After receiving a Notice of Non-Renewal, the Employee’s employment may be terminated earlier in
accordance with the terms of Section 8 hereof. 
 2.2 Effect of Notice of Non-Renewal. Subject to termination under
Section 8 hereof, if a Notice of Non-Renewal is given in accordance with Section 2.1 above, then (a) the term of employment under this Agreement will continue until the expiration of the notice period specified in the Notice of
Non-Renewal, and (b) the Company may instruct the Employee not to come into the Company’s offices or to attend any of the Company’s business functions from the date of such notice through the last date of employment. The
Employee’s following such instruction will not constitute Cause for termination or otherwise impair the Employee’s rights hereunder. The Parties stipulate and agree that this Agreement constitutes a novation of and otherwise supersedes the
Employment Agreement executed by the Parties on September 14, 2001, which is terminated and is of no further force or effect. 
 SECTION 3. 
 EMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION 
 3.1 Base Salary. The base salary of the Employee for all of her services, duties and responsibilities to the Company and all of her
agreements and covenants with or to the Company under this Agreement shall be at the annual rate of $300,000, which the Company shall pay to the Employee in equal installments in accordance with its normal payroll policies (the “Base
Salary”).  
 a. Employee’s performance and salary shall be reviewed by the Chief Executive Officer and the Compensation
Committee annually in accordance with the Company’s annual performance review process. 
 b. Employee’s Base Salary for any partial
year will be prorated based upon the number of days elapsed in such year. Employee’s pay may be raised by the Company from time to time as the Company deems appropriate in its sole discretion, by way of an addendum or other documentation,
without otherwise effecting this Agreement. Notwithstanding any pay increase, the employment of Employee shall be construed as continuing under this Agreement. 
 3.2 Annual Bonus. During her employment under this Agreement, the Employee is also eligible to participate in the Company’s annual executive bonus program at the top tier Senior Vice President level
(the “Executive Bonus Program”). The opportunity to earn a bonus and the amount of any bonus compensation under the Executive Bonus Program will be determined in accordance with criteria established by the Board or the Compensation
Committee, which will comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code, unless the payment of the bonus is exempt as not constituting a deferral of income. The Employee acknowledges that any bonus compensation under the
Bonus Program will be discretionary, with the sole discretion resting with the Board or the Compensation Committee. 
 3.3 Payment and
Reimbursement of Work-Related Expenses. During her employment under this Agreement, the Company shall pay or reimburse the Employee, in accordance with the applicable policies and procedures of the Company, for all reasonable travel and
other reasonable expenses incurred by the Employee in performing her obligations under this Agreement, provided that the Employee properly accounts for such expenses in accordance with the regular policies of the Company. 

 3.4 Benefits. During her employment under this Agreement, the Employee shall be entitled to
participate in or receive benefits under any employee-benefit plan or arrangement made available by the Company to its executive employees generally (including any medical, dental, short-term and long-term disability, life insurance and 401(k)
programs), subject to eligibility conditions or requirements and to the terms, conditions and overall administration of each of such plans and arrangements. Nothing in this Agreement will preclude the Company from amending or terminating any of the
benefit plans or programs applicable to Employee as long as such amendment or termination is applicable to all similarly situated employees, without otherwise effecting this Agreement. Notwithstanding any change in benefits, the employment of
Employee shall be construed as continuing under this Agreement. 
 3.5 Executive Vehicle Program. During her employment under
this Agreement, Employee will be eligible to participate in the Company’s executive vehicle program, subject to all of its terms, regarding a vehicle with a lease cost to the Company of $1,000 per month, with auto liability insurance coverage
(comprehensive, collision and liability) for the leased vehicle paid by the Company and all routine and necessary repairs to the leased vehicle paid for by the Company or reimbursed to the Employee, subject to approval by the Chief Financial Officer
of the Company. 
 3.6 Vacation. During her employment under this Agreement, the Employee shall be entitled to 20 days of paid
vacation annually, in accordance with the regular policies of the Company. 
 3.7 Tax Withholding. The Company may deduct from
any compensation or other amount payable to the Employee under this Agreement social security (FICA) taxes and all federal, state, municipal, or other such taxes or governmental charges as may now be in effect or that may hereafter be enacted or
required. 
 SECTION 4. 
 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 
 4.1 Definition of “Confidential Information.” 
 a. “Confidential Information” means material, data, ideas, inventions, formulae, patterns, compilations, programs, devices, methods,
techniques, processes, know how, plans (marketing, business, strategic, technical or otherwise), arrangements, pricing and/or other information of or relating to the Company (as well as its customers and/or vendors) that is confidential,
proprietary, and/or a trade secret (a) by its nature, (b) based on how it is treated or designated by the Company, (c) such that its appropriation, use or disclosure would have a material adverse effect on the business or planned
business of any of the Company, or (d) as a matter of law. All Confidential Information is the property of the Company, the appropriation, use and/or disclosure of which is governed and restricted by this Agreement. 
 b. Exclusions. Confidential Information does not include material, data, and/or information that (i) the Company has voluntarily placed in
the public domain; (ii) has been lawfully and independently developed and publicly disclosed by third parties; (iii) constitutes the knowledge and skills gained by Employee during the Employment Period; or (iv) otherwise enters the
public domain through lawful means; provided, however, that the unauthorized appropriation, use, or disclosure of Confidential Information by Employee, directly or indirectly, shall not affect the protection and relief afforded by this Agreement
regarding such information. 
 4.2 Provision of Confidential Information. Irrespective of the term of employment, and in
consideration of the Employee’s promises in Section 4.3 of this Agreement, the Company promises to immediately provide the Employee with access to Confidential Information, including (but not limited to) the new Confidential Information
that the Company is separately and concurrently providing to the Employee. The Parties stipulate and agree that Employee has never before seen or had access to the new Confidential Information referenced herein. 

 4.3 Protection of Confidential Information. Both during and after the Employment Period,
the Employee shall not in any manner, directly or indirectly: (i) appropriate, download, print, copy, remove, use, disclose, divulge, or communicate Confidential Information to any Person, including (without limitation) originals or copies of
any Confidential Information, in any media or format, except for the Company’s benefit within the course and scope of the Employee’s employment or with the prior written consent of the CEO; or (ii) take or encourage any action which
would circumvent, interfere with or otherwise diminish the value or benefit of Confidential Information to the Company. The Employee agrees to use her best efforts and utmost diligence to protect and safeguard the Confidential Information as
prescribed in this Section 4. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Employee acknowledges her additional obligations to protect the secret, confidential, and/or privileged information of the Company in her role as an
attorney and General Counsel, in addition to any other obligations related to the terms of this Agreement. 
 4.4 Return and
Review of Information. 
 a. Company Property. All Confidential Information and other information and property affecting or
relating to the business of the Company within the Employee’s possession, custody or control, regardless of form or format, shall remain at all times the property of the Company. 
 b. Upon Request. At any time that the Company may request, during or after the Employment Period, the Employee shall deliver to the Company all
Confidential Information and other information and property affecting or relating to the business of the Company within Employee’s possession, custody or control, regardless of form or format. Both during and after the Employment Period, the
Company shall have the right of reasonable access to review, inspect, copy, and/or confiscate any Confidential Information within the Employee’s possession, custody or control. 
 c. Upon Termination. The Employee shall return to the Company all Confidential Information and other information and property affecting or
relating to the business of the Company within the Employee’s possession, custody or control, regardless of form or format, without the necessity of a request, forthwith upon resignation or termination of Employee’s employment, regardless
of whether the resignation or termination is voluntary, involuntary, for Cause or not for Cause. 
 d. Exception for Attorney Work
Product. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 4 or other provisions of this Agreement, Employee shall not have any obligation to return her attorney work product or attorney notes to the Company, except for the return of
copies of same in response to a request pursuant to legal process. 
 4.5 Response to Third Party Requests. Upon receipt of any
formal or informal request, by legal process or otherwise, seeking the Employee’s direct or indirect disclosure or production of any Confidential Information to any Person, the Employee shall promptly and timely notify the Company and provide a
description and, if applicable, hand deliver a copy of such request to the Company. The Employee irrevocably nominates and appoints the Company, as the Employee’s true and lawful attorney-in-fact to act in the Employee’s name, place and
stead to perform any act that the Employee might perform to defend and protect against any disclosure of Confidential Information. 
 SECTION 5. 
 NON-COMPETITION AND NON-SOLICITATION 
 5.1 Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation. 
 a. Non-Competition During Employment. During the Employment Period, the Employee shall not engage in any other business or employment which may detract from her full performance of her duties hereunder or which
competes in any manner with the Company, and the Employee shall not directly or indirectly render any services of a business, commercial or professional nature, to any other Person without the Company’s prior written consent. Further, during
employment, the Employee shall not directly or indirectly contact, solicit, entice, sponsor or accept any of the Associates into, or in any way promote to any such Associates opportunities in marketing programs of any direct sales company or
organization other than the Company. 

 b. Non-Competition Post-Employment. During the Restricted Period, the Employee shall not directly
or indirectly, on her own behalf or on the behalf of any other Person, engage in a Competing Business within the Geographic Area, including, without limitation, owning, taking a financial interest in, managing, operating, controlling, being employed
by, being associated or affiliated with, being a spokesperson for, providing services as a consultant or independent contractor to, or participating in the ownership, management, operation or control of, any Competing Business; provided, however,
that this Section 5.1(b) does not preclude ownership of less than 5% of the outstanding equity securities of any public reporting company. 
 c. Customer Non-Solicitation. During the Restricted Period, the Employee shall not in any manner, directly or indirectly, on her own behalf or on the behalf of any other Person, induce, solicit or attempt to induce or solicit any
Customer, (i) to do business with a Competing Business, or (ii) to reduce, cease, restrict, terminate or otherwise adversely alter business or business relationships with the Company for the benefit of a Competing Business, regardless of
whether the Employee initiates contact for that purpose. 
 d. Employee Non-Solicitation and No-Hire. During the Restricted Period,
the Employee shall not directly or indirectly, on her own behalf or on behalf of any other Person, (i) solicit, recruit, persuade, influence, or induce, or attempt to solicit, recruit, persuade, influence, or induce any Person employed or
otherwise retained by the Company (including, without limitation, any independent contractor or consultant), to cease or leave their employment or contractual or consulting relationship with the Company, regardless of whether the Employee initiates
contact for such purposes, or (ii) hire, employ or otherwise attempt to establish, for any Person, any employment, agency, consulting, independent contractor or other business relationship with any Person who is or was employed or otherwise
retained by the Company (including any independent contractor or consultant), for the benefit of a Competing Business. 
 5.2
Definitions. The following definitions are for the purposes of this Agreement, including (without limitation) this Section 5. 
 a.
“Competing Business” means any business operation which engages in the business of providing glyco-nutrients that are the same or substantially similar to those that the Company manufactured, produced, provided, sold, and/or
marketed during the Employee’s tenure with the Company, including the direct sale, network and/or multi-level marketing of dietary supplements. 
 b. “Customer” means (i) any Associate or other Person with whom or with which the Company has had any contract any time during this Agreement or any time during the one year period immediately
preceding the Effective Date, and/or (ii) any customer, vendor, supplier, licensor or other Person in a business relationship with the Company, for which the Employee or employees working under the Employee’s supervision had any direct or
indirect responsibility during the Employment Period. 
 c. “Geographic Area” means Dallas County, Texas. 
 d. “Restricted Period” means the Employment Period and the one year period commencing on the Termination Date, regardless of whether the
Employee’s resignation or termination from the Company is voluntary or involuntary, for Cause or not for Cause. This time period shall be extended by one day for each day that Employee is determined to be in violation of Sections 4 and/or 5 of
this Agreement, as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. 
 5.3 Survival. This Section 5 shall survive the
cessation or termination of the Employee’s employment under this Agreement, subject to the time and scope limitations set forth in this Section 5. 
 5.4 Substitution/Revision. If, at the time of enforcement of the restrictive covenants in this Section 5, a court holds that the restrictions stated in this Section 5 are unreasonable under
circumstances then existing, then the maximum duration, scope or geographical area reasonable under such circumstances shall automatically be substituted for the stated duration, scope or geographic area and the court shall be allowed and is hereby
requested to revise the restrictions contained herein to cover the maximum duration, scope and geographic area permitted by law. The covenants contained in Sections 5.1(a), (b), (c), and (d) hereof are independent of and severable from one
another. 

 SECTION 6. 
 NON-DISPARAGEMENT 
 6.1 Non-Disparagement. The Employee agrees that, both during
and after the Employment Period, the Employee will not make any statements which would constitute libel, slander or disparagement of the Company or any of its directors, officers, shareholders, or affiliates, provided however, that the terms of this
Section 6.1 shall not apply to communications between the Employee and, as applicable, the Employee’s attorneys or other Persons with whom or which communications would be subject to a claim of privilege existing under common law, statute
or rule of procedure. 
 SECTION 7. 
 REMEDIES 
 7.1 Remedies. In the event of a breach of this Agreement by any Party, the aggrieved Party
shall be entitled to all appropriate equitable and legal relief, including, but not limited to: (a) an injunction to enforce this Agreement or prevent conduct in violation of this Agreement; (b) damages incurred as a result of the breach;
and (c) attorneys’ fees and costs incurred by the in enforcing the terms of this Agreement. 
 7.2 VENUE. THE PARTIES
STIPULATE AND AGREE THAT THE EXCLUSIVE VENUE OF ANY PROCEEDING, INCLUDING ANY COURT PROCEEDING, UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, SHALL BE DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS (THE “AGREED VENUE”). 
 SECTION 8. 
 TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT 
 8.1 Events of Termination. The Employee’s employment under this Agreement shall be terminated upon the earliest of the following
occurrences: 
 a. within thirty (30) days of the Company giving Employee written notice of termination for Cause, provided, however,
that the Company may terminate Employee’s employment effective immediately, within its sole discretion; 
 b. within thirty
(30) days of the Company giving Employee written notice of termination without Cause; 
 c. within thirty (30) days of Employee
giving the Company written notice of resignation for Good Reason; 
 d. within thirty (30) days of Employee giving the Company written
notice of resignation without Good Reason, provided, however, that upon the Company’s knowledge of such notice, the Company may terminate Employee’s employment effective immediately, within its sole discretion; 
 e. immediately upon Employee’s death; 
 f. within thirty (30) days of the Company giving Employee written notice of termination due to Employee’s Disability, provided, however, that the Company may terminate Employee’s employment effective immediately, within its
sole discretion; or 
 g. the Company giving Employee a written Notice of Non-Renewal in accordance with the requirements and time periods
stated in Section 2 hereof. 
 Termination pursuant to Sections 8.1(a), (b) (f) and (g) shall not take effect without approval by a
majority vote of the Board. 

 8.2 Definitions of Disability, Cause, and Good Reason. 
 a. “Disability” means the Employee’s becoming incapacitated by accident, sickness, or other circumstances that, in the reasonable
judgment of the Board, renders or is expected to render the Employee mentally or physically incapable of performing the essential duties and services required hereunder, where (i) such incapacity has been determined to exist by the disability
insurance carrier for the Company, or (ii) the Company has determined, based on competent professional advice, that such incapacity has continued or will continue for such period of time of at least 90 consecutive calendar days, or 180
non-consecutive calendar days within a calendar year. 
 b. “Cause” means any of the following: 
  

	i.	the Company’s determination that the Employee has materially neglected, failed, or refused to render the services or perform any other of her duties or obligations in or under
this Agreement (including, without limitation, because of any alcohol or drug abuse); 

  

	ii.	the Employee’s material violation of any provision of or obligation under this Agreement; 

  

	iii.	the Employee’s conviction for, or entry of a plea of no contest with respect to, any felony, or other crime that adversely affects or (in the Board’s reasonable judgment)
may adversely affect the Company or the utility of the Employee’s services to the Company; or 

  

	iv.	any other act or omission of the Employee involving fraud, theft, dishonesty, disloyalty, or illegality with respect to, or that harms or embarrasses or (in the Board’s
reasonable judgment) may harm or embarrass, the Company or any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, customers, dealers or suppliers. 

 Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if the Company gives notice of termination for Cause under clauses i., ii., or iv. above in this Section 8.2(b), then the Employee at her sole option shall have sixty
(60) days from the date of such notice to effect a cure or resolution of the reasons giving rise to the termination (the “Employee Remedy Period”), before the termination becomes effective. If the reasons giving rise to such
termination are cured or resolved by the Employee within the Employee Remedy Period, then the termination will be deemed to be without Cause for the purposes of this Agreement, unless it is withdrawn by the Company by the end of the Employee Remedy
Period. 
 c. “Good Reason” means any of the following: 
  

	i.	the Company’s denial of compensation due and owing to Employee under this Agreement, where such denial is by any means, including but not limited to a material act or omission
of fraud, theft, or dishonesty in the Company’s accounting practices or otherwise; 

  

	ii.	the requirement by the Company that Employee be based anywhere other than Dallas County, Texas, except for intermittent travel which is reasonably necessary for Company business;

  

	iii.	the Company’s demotion of the Employee in title or pay, or the Company’s removal of a material portion of the Employee’s significant duties or responsibilities
pursuant to this Agreement, without the Employee’s consent; or 

  

	iv.	the Company’s breach of this Agreement. 

 Notwithstanding any other
provision of this Agreement, if the Employee gives notice of resignation for Good Reason under clauses i., ii., iii., or iv.. above in this Section 8.2(c), then the Company at its sole option shall have sixty (60) days from the date of
such notice to effect a cure or resolution of the reasons giving rise to the resignation (the “Company Remedy Period”), before the resignation becomes effective. If the reasons giving rise to such resignation are cured or resolved
by the Company within the Company Remedy Period, then the resignation will be deemed to be without Good Reason for the purposes of this Agreement, unless it is withdrawn by the Employee by the end of the Company Remedy Period. 

 8.3 Effects of Termination. 
 a. Without Severance Pay. If the Employee’s employment under this Agreement is terminated (1) by the Company for Cause, (2) by
reason of the Employee’s death, (3) by the Employee’s resignation without Good Reason, or (4) based on the Company’s Notice of Non-Renewal under Section 2 hereof, then all further rights of the Employee to employment
and compensation and benefits from the Company under this Agreement will cease, except that the Company shall pay the Employee (or her estate, as the case may be) the following: 
  

	i.	any amount of base salary earned by, but not yet paid to, the Employee through the Termination Date; 

  

	ii.	any annual or other bonus, or portion thereof, that the Compensation Committee may deem to be earned by, but not yet paid to, the Employee through the Termination Date;

  

	iii.	all reimbursable expenses due but yet not paid, to the Employee as of the Termination Date, in accordance with this Agreement and Company policy on expense reimbursement;

  

	iv.	all benefits (or an amount equivalent thereto) that have been earned by or vested in, and are payable to, the Employee under, and subject to the terms of, the employee-benefit plans
or arrangements of the Company in which the Employee participated through the Termination Date, in accordance with Section 3 hereof; and 

  

	v.	an amount equal to all accrued and unused vacation, calculated in accordance with the Company’s vacation policies, practices, and procedures, through the Termination Date, in
accordance with Section 3 hereof. 

 Except as otherwise provided below, any amount due under clauses i., and ii. above in this
Section 8.3(a) shall be paid in the same manner and on the same date as would have occurred if the Employee’s employment under this Agreement had not ceased. Any amount due under clause iv. above in this Section 8.3(a) shall be paid
in accordance with the terms of the employee-benefit plans or arrangements under which such amounts are due to the Employee. The amounts due under clause iii. and clause v. of this Section 8.3(a) shall be paid in accordance with the terms of
the Company’s policies, practices, and procedures regarding reimbursable expenses and vacation, respectively. Also upon cessation or termination of employment hereunder (unless the Employee continues otherwise to be employed by the Company),
the Employee shall resign or shall be deemed to have resigned from any position as an officer or director, or both, of any subsidiary or affiliate of the Company. 
 b. With Severance Pay. If the Employee’s employment under this Agreement is terminated (1) by the Company without Cause, (2) by the Employee’s resignation for Good Reason, or (3) on
account of the Employee’s Disability, then all further rights of the Employee to employment and compensation and benefits from the Company under this Agreement will cease, except that the Company shall pay the Employee the following:

  

	i.	all payments and compensation stated in Section 8.3(a) herein; 

  

	ii.	the greater of: (a) the Employee’s salary for a period of twelve (12) months, or (b) the Employee’s salary for the remainder of the then current term of
this Agreement as provided in Section 2 hereof, as severance pay; and 

  

	iii.	if the Employee elects continuation coverage (with respect to the Employee coverage and/or any eligible dependent coverage) under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
of 1986 (“COBRA Continuation Coverage”) with respect to the Company’s group health insurance plan, the Employee shall be responsible for payment of the monthly cost of COBRA Continuation Coverage, provided however, that
commencing six (6) months after the Termination Date, to the extent allowed by applicable law, the Company shall reimburse the Employee for the monthly cost of all COBRA Continuation Coverage (including the costs for the first six
(6) months of COBRA Continuation Coverage), as required to be paid by similarly situated COBRA continuees, as of the first payroll period for each month for which COBRA Continuation Coverage is provided in accordance with the Company’s
normal payroll policies, until the earlier of (a) the expiration of such coverage under applicable law, or (b) the replacement of such coverage by Employee through a new business or employer. 

 Any amount due under clause ii(b) above in this Section 8.3(b) shall include the upcoming two year
automatic renewal period, unless (1) the termination falls on or before the deadline for Notice of Non-Renewal under Section 2, and (2) such Notice of Non-Renewal has been issued by the Company. Any severance amounts paid will
be based upon Employee’s then current salary as of the Termination Date and will be paid in equal installments and in accordance with the normal payroll policies of the Company, less applicable taxes, provided however, that severance
payments under clause ii above in this Section 8.3(b) shall commence six (6) months after the Termination Date. All other terms of termination as stated in Section 8.3(a) shall apply upon a termination by the Company without Cause.

 8.4 Post-employment Cooperation. Upon and for a period of six (6) months after the Termination Date, the Employee will
cooperate fully with the Company in connection with (a) any matter related to the Company’s business and activities, by being available at mutually agreeable times, in person or by telephone, and without any unreasonable interference with
her other activities, to provide such information as may from time to time be requested by the Company regarding various matters in which she was involved during her employment with the Company, and (b) any and all pending or future litigation
or administrative claims, investigations, or proceedings involving the Company, including (without limitation) her meeting with the Company’s counsel and advisors at reasonable times upon their request, and providing testimony (in court or at
depositions) that is truthful, and complete in accordance with information known to him. For all activities required of Employee under this Section 8.4, Employee shall be compensated at her then hourly rate, except to the extent prohibited by
law. 
 SECTION 9. 
 REPRESENTATION BY EMPLOYEE 
 9.1 No Conflict. The Employee hereby represents and warrants to the
Company that her execution of this Agreement and her performance of her duties and obligations hereunder will not conflict with, cause a default under, or give any party a right to damages under any other agreement or obligation to which the
Employee is a party or is bound. 
 SECTION 10. 
 GENERAL 
 10.1 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and
enforced and construed under, the laws of the State of Texas, except to the extent preempted by federal law. 
 10.2 Binding Effect;
Assignment. All of the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon, inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by the respective heirs, representatives, successors (including, without limitation, any successor as a
result of a merger or similar reorganization) and assigns of the Parties, except that the Employee’s rights, benefits, duties and responsibilities hereunder are of a personal nature and shall not be assignable in whole or in part by the
Employee. 
 10.3 Notices. All notices required or permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing and
shall be deemed to have been given and received (a) when personally delivered or delivered by same-day courier, (b) on the third business day after mailing by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, or
(c) upon delivery when sent by prepaid overnight delivery service, in any case addressed as follows: 
  

			
	 If to the Employee:
	  	Bettina Simon
		  	8718 Autumn Oaks Drive
	Dallas, Texas 75243	  	

  

					
	If to the Company:	  	Lead Director
			
		    	Board of Directors	  	
		    		  	Mannatech Incorporated
		    		  	600 S. Royal Lane, Suite 200
		    		  	Coppell, TX 75019

 A Party’s address may be changed from time to time by written notice to the other Party in accordance with
this Section 10.3. 

 10.4 Prior Agreements Superseded. This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements between
the Parties of any and every nature whatsoever, including (without limitation) agreements for additional compensation or benefits. All such prior agreements are null and void. 
 10.5 Duration. Notwithstanding the cessation or termination of Employee’s employment under this Agreement, this Agreement shall
continue to bind the Parties for so long as any obligations remain under the terms of this Agreement. 
 10.6 Amendment;
Waiver. No amendment to or modification of this Agreement, or waiver of any term, provision, or condition of this Agreement, will be binding upon a Party unless the amendment, modification, or waiver is in writing and signed by the
Party to be bound. Any waiver by a Party of a breach or violation of any provision of this Agreement by the other Party shall not be deemed a waiver of any other provision or of any subsequent breach or violation. 
 10.7 Enforcement and Severability. The Parties intend all provisions of this Agreement to be enforced to the fullest extent permitted by
law. Accordingly, should a court of competent jurisdiction determine that the scope of any provision of this Agreement is too broad to be enforced as written, the Parties intend for the court to reform the provision to such narrower scope as it
determines to be reasonable and enforceable. If, however, any provision of this Agreement is held to be illegal, invalid, or unenforceable, the provision shall be severed, this Agreement shall be construed and enforced as if such illegal, invalid,
or unenforceable provision were never a part of it, and the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect. 
 10.8
Subsidiaries Included. Wherever the “Company” is referred to in this Agreement, it shall include all subsidiaries of the Company as they may exist from time to time, even where the term “subsidiaries” is not
explicitly stated in connection with such reference. 
 10.9 Certain Defined Terms; Headings. As used in this Agreement:

 a. “business day” means any Monday through Friday other than any such weekday on which the executive offices of the
Company are closed. 
 b. “Employment Period” means the term of Employee’s employment under this Agreement, from the
Effective Date through the last date of Employee’s work for the Company under this Agreement, regardless of whether the termination is voluntary, involuntary, for Cause, or not for Cause. 
 c. “herein,” “hereof,” “hereunder,” and similar terms are references to this Agreement as a whole and
not to any particular provision of this Agreement. 
 d. “Person” means an individual, an independent contractor, a sole
proprietor, a partnership, a limited liability company, a corporation, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization, a governmental entity, court, department, agency or political subdivision, or
other individual, business, or governmental entity, as applicable. 
 e. “Termination Date” means the last day of the
Employment Period. 
 In addition, the use herein of “annual” or “monthly” (or similar terms) to indicate a
measurement period shall not itself be deemed to grant rights to Employee for employment or compensation for such period. The Section and other descriptive headings in this Agreement are only for convenience of reference and are not to be used to
construe or interpret this Agreement or any of its provisions. 
 10.10 Employee Acknowledgment. The Employee affirms and
attests, by signing this Agreement, that the Employee has read this Agreement before signing it and that the Employee fully understands its purposes, terms, and provisions, which the Employee hereby expressly acknowledges to be reasonable in all
respects. The Employee further acknowledges receipt of one copy of this Agreement. 

 10.11 Section 409A Compliance. It is the intention of the Company and the
Employee that this Agreement not result in unfavorable tax consequences to the Employee under Section 409A of the Code. The Company and the Employee acknowledge that only limited guidance has been issued by the Internal Revenue
Service with respect to the application of Code Section 409A to certain arrangements, such as this Agreement. It is expected by the Company and the Employee that the Internal Revenue Service will provide further guidance regarding the
interpretation and application of Section 409A of the Code in connection with finalizing its recently proposed regulations. The Company and the Employee acknowledge further that the full effect of Section 409A of the Code on
potential payments pursuant to this Agreement cannot be determined at the time that the Company and the Employee are entering into this Agreement. The Company and the Employee agree to work together in good faith in an effort to comply
with Section 409A of the Code including, if necessary, amending the Agreement based on further guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service from time to time, provided that neither party shall be required to assume an economic burden
beyond what is already required by this Agreement. 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties, intending to be legally bound, have duly entered into
this Agreement as of the Effective Date. 
  

			
	EMPLOYEE:
	
	 /s/ Bettina Simon

	Bettina Simon, Esq.
		
	Date:	 	 November 11, 2005

	
	MANNATECH INCORPORATED
	
	 /s/ Samuel L. Caster

	Sam Caster
	Chairman of the Board
		
	Date:	 	 November 11, 2005Amendment No.2 to Second Amended and Restated Collaboration, License and Supply

 *** Confidential portions omitted and filed separately with the Commission. 
  

  

 EXHIBIT 10.56 
 NOTE: Portions of this Exhibit are the subject of a Confidential Treatment Request by the Registrant to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”). Such portions have been redacted and are marked with a
“[***]” in place of the redacted language. The redacted information has been filed separately with the Commission. 
 AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED 
 COLLABORATION, LICENSE AND SUPPLY AGREEMENT 
 THIS AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED COLLABORATION, LICENSE AND SUPPLY AGREEMENT (the “2nd Amendment”), is entered into as of December 31, 2005 (the “2nd Amendment Date”) by and between EPOCH BIOSCIENCES, INC., with offices at 21720 23rd Drive S.E., Suite 150, Bothell, WA ( “Epoch”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Nanogen, Inc., with offices at 10398 Pacific Center Ct., San Diego, CA
92121 (“Nanogen”); and APPLERA CORPORATION, through its Applied Biosystems group, with offices at 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City, CA 94404 (“ABG”). Each of Epoch and ABG is individually referred to as a “Party”
and, collectively, as “Parties”. 
 RECITALS 
 WHEREAS, Epoch and ABG are parties to that certain Second Amended and Restated Collaboration, License and Supply Agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”) dated August 17, 2000 (the “Effective
Date”), as amended by that certain First Side Agreement dated October 31, 2001, and that certain Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated Collaboration, License and Supply Agreement dated July 26, 2002 (the “First
Amendment, and collectively with the First Side Agreement and the Collaboration Agreement, the “MGB Agreement”); and 
 WHEREAS,
Epoch and ABG have entered into that certain Quencher License and Supply Agreement dated September 2, 2003, as amended (the “Quencher Agreement”), and 
 WHEREAS, the Parties now wish to amend the MGB Agreement pursuant to the terms and conditions of this 2nd Amendment. 
 NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and other good and valuable considerations, the
sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows. 
 AGREEMENT 
  

	1.	Article II of the MGB Agreement is hereby amended to add the following sections: 

  

	 	A.	2.36 “Control” and its cognates means in-licensed with the ability to grant sublicenses. 

  

	 	B.	2.37 “MGB Intermediates Manufacturing Know-How” means all know-how, technical information, trade secrets, data, technology, software and protocols that are owned or
Controlled by Epoch, as of the Effective Date or thereafter, relating to the manufacture of MGB Intermediates including, but not limited to, the information set forth in Exhibit D attached hereto and incorporated herein. 

	 	C.	2.38 “Modified Base Know-How” means all know-how, technical information, trade secrets, data, technology, software and protocols owned or Controlled by Epoch, as of the
Effective Date or thereafter, relating to Modified Bases or the manufacture of Modified Bases. 

  

	2.	Each Section of Article II of the MGB Agreement set forth below is hereby amended as follows: 

  

	 	A.	2.05 “Licensed Patents” means (1) U.S. Patent No. 5,801,155 titled Covalently Linked Oligonucleotide Minor Groove Binder Conjugates, issued September 1,
1998; (2) U.S. Patent No. 6,084,102 titled Covalently Linked Oligonucleotide Minor Groove Binder Conjugates, issued July 4, 2000; (3) any patent covering Collaboration Intellectual Property; and (4) any patent which is owned
or Controlled by Epoch as of the Effective Date or thereafter covering the making, using, or selling of one or more of the following (alone or in combination): (a) a minor groove binding moiety, (b) an MGB Intermediate, (c) a product
comprising an oligonucleotide having a minor-groove binding moiety covalently attached thereto, with or without a fluorescent label and/or a fluorescence quencher, (d) a fluorescence quencher (with or without a fluorescent label),
(e) fluorescent label (with or without a fluorescence quencher) and (f) Modified Bases (whether or not contained the products in (a) through (e) are part of an oligonucleotide). 

  

	 	B.	2.06 “Related Patents” means all patents or patent applications owned, held, or Controlled, in whole or in part by Epoch that: (a) disclose and/or claim substantially
the same subject matter as the Licensed Patents; (b) disclose and/or claim improvements to inventions disclosed or claimed in a Licensed Patent and require rights under the Licensed Patent to exploit such improvements; (c) claim priority
to any of the Licensed Patents, including but not limited to continuation applications and patents, continuation-in-part applications and patents, divisional applications and patents, reexamination applications and patents, reissue applications and
patents, and continuing prosecution applications and patents; (d) are a parent or sibling of the Licensed Patents, or (e) are foreign equivalents of a Licensed Patent or any patent or patent application in (a) through (d) above.

  

	 	C.	2.13 “Valid Claim” means a claim of an issued and unexpired Licensed Patent or Related Patent (or any pending patent application, that has not been held unpatentable in a
final decision by an appropriate administrative agency, which patent application is within the Related Patents but limited to claims thereof that claim minor groove binders or MGB Intermediates as compositions of matter or methods of using such
minor groove binders or MGB Intermediates) that has not been held permanently invalid or otherwise unenforceable by a court or other administrative agency of competent jurisdiction in an unappealable decision or a decision not appealed within the
time allowed for appeal. 

  

	 	D.	2.17 “Non-Exclusive Licensed Field” means all fields outside of the 5’-Nuclease Assay Field and outside of the Human In Vitro Diagnostics Field including, without
limitation, the following: (1) use of MGB Oligonuclotides as ligation probes in an 

  

 2 

 oligonuclotide ligation assay, generally as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,883,750; (2) use of MGB
Oligonuclotides in an assay employing a [***]; (3) use of MGB Oligonuclotides as primers in a primer extension reaction, including but not limited to a PCR reaction or a DNA sequencing reaction; and (4) use of MGB Oligonuclotides in the Real-Time
Nucleic Acid Monitoring Field, to the extent that (1), (2), (3) and (4) are practiced outside of the Exclusive Licensed Field. 
  

	 	E.	2.32 “Modified Base” (or in the plural, “Modified Bases”) means any modified nucleotide, including but not limited to pyrazolopyrimidine (ppn) nucleotide
analogs, e.g., ppA and ppG analogs and any other analogs of A, T, G, or C nucleotides, including methods for making or using such modified nucleotides. 

  

	3.	Section 4.01 of the MGB Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows: 

 4.01 Exclusive License. As of the Effective Date, Epoch hereby grants to ABG a world-wide, exclusive license under Licensed Patents, Related
Patents, MGB Intermediates Manufacturing Know-How, Modified Base Know-How, and Licensed Know-How to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell and import Licensed Products in the Exclusive Licensed Field (but not the right to sell Modified Bases or
MGB Intermediates that are not incorporated into oligonucleotides). 
  

	4.	Section 4.02 of the MGB Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows: 

  

	 	4.02	Non-Exclusive Licenses. 

 (a) MGB Probe
Non-Exclusive License. As of the Effective Date, Epoch hereby grants to ABG a world-wide, non-exclusive license under Licensed Patents, Related Patents, MGB Intermediates Manufacturing Know-How, Modified Base Know-How and Licensed Know-How to make,
have made, use, offer to sell, sell and import Licensed Products in the Non-Exclusive Licensed Field (but not the right to sell Modified Bases or MGB Intermediates that are not incorporated into oligonucleotides). 
 (b) HIVD Field Customer Licenses. Epoch shall grant to ABG’s customers, whether referred by ABG, identified to Epoch by name, or otherwise
presenting evidence of having purchased Licensed Products from ABG (“Customers”) a non-exclusive, world-wide, royalty-bearing license to use Licensed Products purchased from ABG in the HIVD Field (each, an “HIVD Field Customer
License”). Such royalty shall be [***]percent ([***]%) of Customer Net Revenues from providing services in the HIVD Field. “Net Revenues” shall mean all moneys received by a Customer, less refunds, for or on account of laboratory
services provided using Licensed Products. Without limiting the foregoing, at ABG’s request, Epoch shall provide to ABG a customer referral code that ABG may provide to Customers to allow such Customers to present the same to Epoch so as to
identify such Customers as entitled to receive the foregoing HIVD Field Customer License on the foregoing terms. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Epoch 
 ***
Confidential portions omitted and filed separately with the Commission. 
  

 3 

 shall not be obligated to provide such an HIVD Field Customer License on the above terms to any Customer
that (i) is demonstrably, as of the 2nd Amendment Date, already in negotiations with Epoch for such a license;
or (ii) prior to being referred or identified by ABG, already signed a license agreement with Epoch providing such rights in the HIVD Field. 
  

	5.	Section 5.01 of the MGB Agreement is hereby amended to add: 

 In consideration of the grant of licenses under the Modified Base related Licensed Patents, MGB Intermediates Manufacturing Know-How and Modified Base Know-How set forth in this Agreement and in the Quencher Agreement (and without limiting
ABG’s royalty obligations set forth in Section 5.04(a) of this Agreement and Section 3.1.2 of the Quencher Agreement), ABG shall pay to Epoch four (4) nonrefundable payments of [***] Dollars ($[***]), each of which shall be due and payable
within thirty (30) days of the first day of each of the four quarters commencing after the 2nd Amendment Date.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, all of ABG’s royalty obligations under this Agreement and the Quencher Agreement shall continue only until the expiration date of the last to expire of the Valid Claims (as defined respectively
in this Agreement and the Quencher Agreement) and shall be limited to paying royalties on Licensed Products covered by a Valid Claim and to Licensed Products under this Agreement that comprise software or algorithms within the Licensed Know-How
definition herein. Upon the last to expire of the Valid Claims, the licenses herein shall be deemed fully paid-up. 
  

	6.	Section 5.04(b) of the MGB Agreement is hereby amended so as (x) to add the following Quarterly Minimum Royalties: 

  

				
	 FOR THE CALENDAR QUARTER ENDING
	  	 QUARTERLY
 MINIMUM
 ROYALTY

	 December 31, 2005
	  	$	[***]
	 March 31, 2006
	  	$	[***]
	 June 30, 2006
	  	$	[***]
	 September 30, 2006
	  	$	[***]
	 December 31, 2006
	  	$	[***]
		  	 	 
	 TOTAL
	  	$	[***]
		  	 	 

 and (y) to add a final paragraph as follows: 
 With respect to the period covering October 1, 2005 through December 31, 2006, ABG’s royalties paid under the MGB Agreement and the
Quencher Agreement (i) for the calendar quarter ending December 31, 2005 shall be creditable against the corresponding Quarterly Minimum Royalty; and (ii) for each calendar quarter during calendar year 2006 shall be creditable against
the corresponding Quarterly Minimum Royalty obligation for such calendar quarter. Any deficit between the 
 *** Confidential portions omitted and filed
separately with the Commission. 
  

 4 

 Quarterly Minimum Royalty due December 31, 2005 and the actual royalties paid (under both the MGB
Agreement and the Quencher Agreement) by ABG over the calendar quarter ending December 31, 2005 shall be due and payable on February 11, 2006. Any deficit between the Quarterly Minimum Royalty for subsequent quarters during calendar year
2006 and the actual royalties paid (under both the MGB Agreement and the Quencher Agreement) by ABG for the corresponding quarter of calendar year 2006 will be paid in arrears within thirty (30) days following the end of such quarter. For the
avoidance of doubt, no further quarterly minimum royalties shall be due beyond the calendar quarter ending December 31, 2006. 
  

	7.	Section 5.06 of the MGB Agreement is hereby modified to substitute thirty (30) days instead of forty-five (45) days. 

  

	8.	Section 6.01 of the MGB Agreement to read in its entirety as follows: 

 Purchase of MGB Intermediates. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Epoch will sell MGB Intermediates to ABG, and ABG will purchase such MGB Intermediates from Epoch. 
  

	9.	Section 6.05 of the MGB Agreement is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows: 

 (a) Epoch will transfer Licensed Know-How to ABG to the extent necessary for ABG to make full use of MGB Intermediates, MGB Oligonucleotides, and
algorithms and related software for determining the melting temperature of MGB Oligonucleotides. Such Licensed Know-How will include, but not be limited to, that information specified in Exhibit B. All Licensed Know-How is considered Confidential
Information and will only be used by ABG in connection with the exploitation of the license rights granted in Article IV. All Licensed Know-How will remain owned by Epoch. Similarly, ABG will transfer certain know-how to Epoch to the extent
necessary for Epoch to make Bare Probes for ABG. Such know-how will include, but not be limited to, information relating to the synthesis, purification, and characterization of oligonuclotide compounds, and automated systems for configuring orders
of custom sequence oligonucleotides. All such know-how is considered to be ABG’s Confidential Information and will only be used by Epoch in connection with Epoch’s obligations under this Agreement, and not for any other purpose. All such
know-how will remain owned by ABG. 
 (b) Within sixty (60) days following the 2nd Amendment Date, Epoch shall transfer to ABG all MGB Intermediates Manufacturing Know-How (in existence now or through February 28, 2006) necessary for
ABG to make and have made MGB Intermediates owned or Controlled by Epoch as of the Effective Date or thereafter including, but not limited to, the information set forth on Exhibit D attached hereto and incorporated herein. Epoch will provide ABG
such MGB Intermediates Manufacturing Know-How on CD-ROM or other medium reasonably acceptable to ABG. Without limiting the foregoing, Epoch will 
  

 5 

 provide ABG with instruction and assistance at ABG’s facilities (and provide ongoing cooperation and
responses to ABG’s inquiries) with respect to such MGB Intermediates Manufacturing Know-How to ensure that ABG is fully able to exploit and utilize such MGB Intermediates Manufacturing Know-How under this Agreement and the Quencher Agreement.
For the avoidance of doubt, ABG will not have the right to sell or otherwise incorporate into a Licensed Product such MGB Intermediates made by ABG or by a contractor of ABG unless Epoch fails to supply at least ninety-five percent (95%) of
ABG’s forecast requirements of MGB Intermediates for more than two (2) months after receipt of written notice from ABG of Epoch’s failure to so supply. 
 (c) Within sixty (60) days following the 2nd Amendment Date, Epoch shall
transfer to ABG all Modified Base Know-How (in existence now or through February 28, 2006) necessary for ABG to make and have made MGB Intermediates owned or Controlled by Epoch as of the Effective Date or thereafter. Epoch will provide ABG
such Modified Base Know-How on CD-ROM or other medium reasonably acceptable to ABG. Without limiting the foregoing, Epoch will provide ABG with instruction and assistance at ABG’s facilities (and provide ongoing cooperation and responses to
ABG’s inquiries) with respect to such Modified Base Know-How to ensure that ABG is fully able to exploit and utilize such Modified Base Know-How under this Agreement and the Quencher Agreement. 
  

	10.	Section 7.05 of the MGB Agreement is hereby amended to add the following Section: 

 (f) Epoch and Nanogen hereby represent and warrant that Nanogen does not own or Control any patents, patent applications or know-how that, if owned or Controlled by Epoch would be within the definition of Licensed
Patents, Related Patents, MGB Intermediates Manufacturing Know-How or Modified Base Know-How. To the extent that the foregoing representation and warranty in this part (f) is inaccurate, then Epoch and Nanogen hereby agree that any such
patents, patent applications or know-how shall be deemed to be, as of the Effective Date, within the definition of Licensed Patents, Related Patents, MGB Intermediates Manufacturing Know-How and Modified Base Know-How, respectively. 
  

	11.	Section 12.08 of the MGB Agreement is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows: 

 Assignment. This Agreement and the licenses herein granted will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors in interest of the
respective Parties. Neither Party will have the power to assign this Agreement nor any interest hereunder without the written consent of the other, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, provided, however, that ABG or Epoch may assign this
Agreement or any of its rights or obligations hereunder to any Affiliate or to any third party with which it may merge or consolidate, or to which it may transfer all or substantially all of its assets or business to which this Agreement relates,
without obtaining the consent of the other Party, subject to such assignee assuming all liabilities and obligations under the Agreement. 
  

 6 

	12.	This 2nd Amendment will be deemed to have been made in the State of California and its form, execution, validity, construction and effect will be determined in accordance with the
laws of the State of California, without reference to conflicts of law principles. 

  

	13.	Except as amended by this 2nd Amendment, the terms and conditions of the MGB Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. This 2nd Amendment, together with the MGB Agreement as
amended herein, constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all previous writings and understandings. The terms and conditions of this 2nd Amendment shall control and take precedence in
the event of any conflict between the terms and conditions of this 2nd Amendment and the MGB Agreement. Neither this 2nd Amendment nor the MGB Agreement may be further amended or modified, except by a written agreement executed by the duly
authorized representatives of the Parties hereto. 

  

	14.	Except where the context otherwise requires, wherever used, the singular shall include the plural, the plural the singular and the word “or” is used in the inclusive
sense. The captions and headings of this 2nd Amendment are for convenience of reference only and in no way define, describe, extend or limit the scope or intent of this 2nd Amendment or the intent of any provision contained in this 2nd Amendment.
Each Party hereto and its respective counsel have participated fully in the review, negotiation and formation of this 2nd Amendment. The language of this 2nd Amendment shall not be presumptively construed against either Party. 

  

	15.	This 2nd Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts (including, via facsimile or other electronic means of transmitting signed copies), and each such counterpart will
be deemed an original instrument, but all such counterparts together will constitute but one agreement. 

  

 7 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties, through their authorized officers, have executed this 2nd Amendment as of the 2nd Amendment Date. 
  

							
	EPOCH BIOSCIENCES, INC.	 	 APPLERA CORPORATION, through its
 APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS GROUP

				
	By:	 	  
	 	By:	 	  

	Name:	 	  
	 	Name:	 	  

	Title: 	 	  
	 	Title: 	 	  

	Date:	 	  
	 	Date:	 	  

  

			
	Acknowledged and Agreed by Nanogen, Inc.
		
	 By:
	 	  

	 Name:
	 	  

	 Title:
	 	  

	 Date:
	 	  

  

	
	 Approved for signature
 By: Ilan Feuchtwang
 Date: January 13, 2006
 Applied Biosystems Legal
Department

  

 8 

 EXHIBIT D 
 MGB Intermediates Manufacturing Know-How 
 The specific documentation shall
include, without limitation: 
  

	1.	Chemical structures for all chemical raw materials, intermediate bulk materials, final product, and undesired side-products associated with each of the synthetic steps.

  

	2.	Complete manufacturing batch records for the last three batches of each synthetic intermediate from the complete (approximately [***] step) synthesis of MGB / Dark Quencher
Polystyrene and Dark Quencher Polystyrene, including all synthetic steps from readily available commercial raw materials to the final bulk material that we purchase. These batch records would include, for example: the commercial source, and catalog
number of all chemical raw materials used, details of all processing conducted (quantities of materials used, reaction conditions, product isolation and purification methods, yields of the desired product from each synthetic step, etc.).

  

	3.	Complete, detailed descriptions of the analytical methods and specifications used for incoming raw material qualification, in-process analysis, and final product QC testing, and all
of the associated data from the last three batches of each synthetic intermediate from the complete (approximately [***] step) synthesis of MGB / Dark Quencher Polystyrene and Dark Quencher Polystyrene, including all synthetic steps from readily
available commercial raw materials to the final bulk material that we purchase. This would include, for example, methods, specs, and data obtained using NMR, HPLC, TLC, MS, and any other method used to assess the purity of chemical components or to
monitor the progress of reactions, and all available information regarding the identities and quantities of all reaction side-products associated with each synthetic step. 

 *** Confidential portions omitted and filed separately with the Commission.

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