Document:

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                                                                   EXHIBIT 10.45

         AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BUSINESS LOAN AGREEMENT

This Amendment No. 5 to Amended and Restated Business Loan Agreement dated as of
January 7, 2002 (this "Amendment") is executed with reference to the Amended and
Restated Business Loan Agreement dated as of April 30, 2001 (as amended, the
"Loan Agreement") among Bank of America, N.A. (the "Bank"), IMPCO Technologies,
Inc. (the "Borrower") and Quantum Technologies, Inc. (the "Subsidiary
Borrower").

                                    RECITALS

A. Pursuant to Section 2.3(b) of the Loan Agreement, on December 31, 2001, the
Borrower made its scheduled quarterly principal payment of Six Hundred
Thirty-Five Thousand Three Hundred Six Dollars ($635,306) to the Bank (the "Term
Loan Principal Payment").

B. The Borrower has requested, and the Bank has agreed, for the Borrower to
reborrow the amount of the Term Loan Principal Payment, provided that the
Borrower repay such amount on or before January 21, 2002.

In furtherance of the foregoing, the parties hereby agree to amend the Loan
Agreement as follows:

     1. Defined Terms. All initially capitalized terms used in this Amendment
        -------------
without definition shall have the respective meaning assigned thereto in the
Loan Agreement.

     2. Amendment to Section 2.3(b). Section 2.3(b) of the Loan Agreement is
        ---------------------------
hereby amended to provide that the quarterly principal payment of Six Hundred
Thirty-Five Thousand Three Hundred Six Dollars ($635,306) paid by Borrower on
December 31, 2001 may be reborrowed by Borrower, provided that such amount is
repaid no later than January 21, 2002.

     3. Conditions Precedent. The effectiveness of this Amendment shall be
        --------------------
conditioned upon receipt by the Bank of all of the following:

     a. Counterparts of this Amendment executed by all parties hereto; and

     b. Such other assurances, certificates, documents, consents or opinions as
     the Bank reasonably may require.

     4. Representations and Warranties. The Borrower hereby represents and
        ------------------------------
warrants that no default under Section 13 of the Loan Agreement has occurred and
                               ----------
remains continuing.

     5. Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in counterparts in
        ------------
accordance with Section 14.12 of the Loan Agreement.
                        -----

     6. Confirmation. In all other respects, the Loan Agreement is confirmed.
        ------------

<PAGE>

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Amendment as of the
date first written above by their duly authorized representatives.

                                        IMPCO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

                                        By /s/ William B. Olson
                                           _________________________

                                        Title:   CFO
                                              ______________________

                                        QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

                                        By:  /s/ Syed Hussain
                                           _________________________

                                        Title:  President & CEO
                                              ______________________

                                        BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.

                                        By:   /s/ Jeff Thom
                                           _________________________

                                        Title:   Vice President
                                              ______________________<PAGE>

                                                                   EXHIBIT 10.46

         AMENDMENT NO. 6 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BUSINESS LOAN AGREEMENT

This Amendment No. 6 to Amended and Restated Business Loan Agreement dated as of
January 31, 2002 (this "Amendment") is executed with reference to the Amended
and Restated Business Loan Agreement dated as of April 30, 2001 (as amended, the
"Loan Agreement") among Bank of America, N.A. (the "Bank"), IMPCO Technologies,
Inc. (the "Borrower") and Quantum Technologies, Inc. (the "Subsidiary
Borrower").

The parties hereby agree to amend the Loan Agreement as follows:

     1.  Defined Terms. All initially capitalized terms used in this Amendment
         -------------
without definition shall have the respective meanings assigned thereto in the
Loan Agreement.

     2.  Amendment to Section 1.2. Section 1.2 of the Loan Agreement is hereby
         ------------------------
amended by deleting the reference to "January 31, 2002" and substituting in
place thereof a reference to "February 28, 2002".

     3.  Amendment to Section 2.3(b). Section 2.3(b) of the Loan Agreement is
         ---------------------------
hereby amended by deleting the reference to "January 31, 2002" and substituting
in place thereof a reference to "February 28, 2002".

     4.  Amendment to Section 3.4(b). Section 3.4(b) of the Loan Agreement is
         ---------------------------
hereby amended by deleting the reference to "January 31, 2002" and substituting
in place thereof a reference to "February 28, 2002".

     5.  Conditions Precedent. The effectiveness of this Amendment shall be
         --------------------
conditioned upon receipt by the Bank of all of the following:

          a. Counterparts of this Amendment executed by all parties hereto;

          b. Receipt by the Bank of an amendment fee in the amount of $10,000
          and payment of the Bank's legal fees and expenses of its counsel,
          including any outstanding invoices; and

          c. Such other assurances, certificates, documents, consents or
          opinions as the Bank reasonably may require.

     6.  Representations and Warranties. The Borrower hereby represents and
         ------------------------------
warrants that no default under Section 13 of the Loan Agreement has occurred and
                               ----------
remains continuing.

     7.  Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in counterparts in
         ------------
accordance with Section 14.12 of the Loan Agreement.

     8.  Confirmation. In all other respects, the Loan Agreement is confirmed.
         ------------

<PAGE>

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Amendment as of the
date first written above by their duly authorized representatives.

                                       IMPCO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

                                       By /s/ William B. Olson
                                          _____________________________

                                       Title:  CFO
                                              _________________________

                                       QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

                                       By:  /s/ Alan Niedzwiecki
                                          _____________________________

                                       Title:  Chief Operating Officer
                                             __________________________

                                       BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.

                                       By: /s/  David P. Maiorella
                                          _____________________________

                                       Title:  Vice President
                                             __________________________<PAGE>

                                                                   EXHIBIT 10.47

         AMENDMENT NO. 7 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BUSINESS LOAN AGREEMENT

This Amendment No. 7 to Amended and Restated Business Loan Agreement dated as of
February 28, 2002 (this "Amendment") is executed with reference to the Amended
and Restated Business Loan Agreement dated as of April 30, 2001 (as amended, the
"Loan Agreement") among Bank of America, N.A. (the "Bank"), IMPCO Technologies,
Inc. (the "Borrower") and Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc.
(under its former name, Quantum Technologies, Inc.) (the "Subsidiary Borrower").

The parties hereby agree to amend the Loan Agreement as follows:

     1. Defined Terms. All initially capitalized terms used in this Amendment
        -------------
without definition shall have the respective meanings assigned thereto in the
Loan Agreement.

     2. Amendment to Section 1.2. Section 1.2 of the Loan Agreement is hereby
        ------------------------
amended by deleting the reference to "February 28, 2002" and substituting in
place thereof a reference to "March 31, 2002".

     3. Amendment to Section 2.3(b). Section 2.3(b) of the Loan Agreement is
        ---------------------------
hereby amended by deleting the reference to "February 28, 2002" and substituting
in place thereof a reference to "March 31, 2002".

     4. Amendment to Section 3.4(b). Section 3.4(b) of the Loan Agreement is
        ---------------------------
hereby amended by deleting the reference to "February 28, 2002" and substituting
in place thereof a reference to "March 31, 2002".

     5. Conditions Precedent. The effectiveness of this Amendment shall be
        --------------------
conditioned upon receipt by the Bank of all of the following:

     a. Counterparts of this Amendment executed by all parties hereto;

     b. Receipt by the Bank of an amendment fee in the amount of $5,000 and
     payment of the Bank's legal fees and expenses of its counsel, including any
     outstanding invoices; and

     c. Such other assurances, certificates, documents, consents or opinions as
     the Bank reasonably may require.

     6. Representations and Warranties. The Borrower hereby represents and
        ------------------------------
warrants that no default under Section 13 of the Loan Agreement has occurred and
remains continuing.

     7. Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in counterparts in
        ------------
accordance with Section 14.12 of the Loan Agreement.

     8. Confirmation. In all other respects, the Loan Agreement is confirmed.
        ------------

<PAGE>

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Amendment as of the
date first written above by their duly authorized representatives.

                         IMPCO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

                         By /s/William B. Olson
                           ______________________________________

                         Title:  CFO
                               __________________________________

                         QUANTUM FUEL  SYSTEMS  TECHNOLOGIES  WORLDWIDE,  INC.
                         (formerly  known as Quantum Technologies, Inc.)

                         By:  /s/ Timothy S. Gerken
                            _____________________________________

                         Title:  Director of Financial Services
                               __________________________________

                         BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.

                         By: /s/  David P. Maiorella
                            _____________________________________

                         Title:  Vice President
                               __________________________________

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