Document:

Exhibit 10.1 

 

WATERFALL MASTER SERVICE AND SOFTWARE
LICENSE AGREEMENT

 

This Master Service and Software License
Agreement is entered into, effective as of the later date of signature below (the “Effective Date”), by Waterfall
International Inc., a Delaware corporation with a principal address at 25 Division Street, Suite 205, San Francisco, California
94103 U.S.A.  (“Waterfall”), and Archer USA Inc., a Delaware corporation with a principal address
at 2025 1st Ave, Suite 320, Seattle, WA 98121 (“Company”). Waterfall and Company may be referred to
herein individually as a “Party” and collectively as the “Parties.” This Master Service
Agreement, collectively with (a) all Order Forms agreed by the Parties online or in writing and (b) any other materials specifically
incorporated by reference herein, is referred to herein as the “Agreement.”

 

BACKGROUND

 

Waterfall and Company have entered into
an Asset Purchase Agreement dated [__________], 2014 (the “Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which Company has
sold to Waterfall, and Waterfall has acquired all right, title, and interest in, certain assets for Company’s mobile marketing
technology and service provider business, as further described in the Purchase Agreement (the “Marketing Services
Business”). Included among the assets sold to Waterfall pursuant to the Purchase Agreement was the intellectual
property generally described as the “mFinity Platform” (sometimes referred to
as mBlade), an SMS messaging platform, consisting of user interfaces, a messaging engine and APIs. Company wishes to acquire
a license to use the mFinity Platform Software (defined in Exhibit A) to provide certain mobile messaging solutions and support
services to its Healthcare Customers and Partners (defined in Exhibit A) of Company’s Healthcare Business (defined in Exhibit
A).

 

For good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree to these terms and conditions through their undersigned
authorized representatives:

 

		1.	SUMMARY

 

In connection
with Company’s Healthcare Business, the Parties enter into this Agreement (including its exhibits) to specify the terms
on which Waterfall licenses to Company (i) use of the Waterfall Service for Company’s Healthcare Business, and (ii) use
of a duplicate copy of the mFinity Platform Software that will be delivered and hosted in accordance with the terms set forth
in Exhibit B to this Agreement. 

 

		2.	DEFINITIONS

 

Capitalized terms in this Agreement have
the meaning stated in Exhibit A or elsewhere in this Agreement.

 

		3.	Waterfall
                                         Service

 

Waterfall will make the Service available
to Company in accordance with this Agreement and the relevant Order Forms during the applicable License Term. Company agrees that
Company’s purchases under this Agreement are not contingent on the delivery of any future results, functionality or features,
and are not dependent on any oral, written or implied representations, statements or commitments made by or for Waterfall (for
example, regarding any future results, functionality or features). Please see www.waterfall.com for additional information
regarding the Waterfall Service, e.g., pricing tiers and feature differences.

 

		4.	Term
                                         & Termination

 

4.1 Term. The Term of this Agreement
commences on the Effective Date. The Initial Term will be twelve (12) months. Upon expiration of the Initial Term, this Agreement
will automatically renew for successive renewal terms equal in duration to the Initial Term (or one year, if the Initial Term
is greater than one year) at Waterfall's then-current rates for its Service, unless either party provides notice to the other
party of its intent not to renew the Agreement at least thirty (30) days prior to the end of the then-current term. The Initial
Term is referred to herein collectively with all such renewal terms as the “Term.”

 

		4.2	Termination.

Waterfall,
in its sole discretion, may suspend Company’s account and use of the Service, and/or terminate this Agreement immediately
if Company fails to comply with this Agreement (or an Order Form) in any material respect. Company may terminate this Agreement
(and all Order Forms hereunder) if Waterfall fails to perform its obligations under this Agreement (or an Order Form) in any material
respect, and Waterfall fails to cure such breach within sixty (60) days after receipt of reasonably detailed written notice of
such breach from Company.

 

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4.3 Effect of Termination. In the
event of any termination or expiration of this Agreement, those parts of this Agreement which by their nature and all relevant
circumstances reasonably should survive will survive (including, without limitation, the definitions, this Effect of Termination
provision, the Fees and Payment provisions, the Ownership provisions, the License Restrictions provisions, the Disclaimer of Warranties
provisions, the Indemnification provisions, the Limitation of Liability provisions, the Confidentiality provisions, the Assignment
provisions, and the General Terms). For the avoidance of doubt, the license granted in paragraph D of Exhibit B, will survive
any expiration or termination of this Agreement, except in the case of termination of this Agreement by Waterfall for Company’s
uncured material breach of such license, including any related restrictions on use of the Company-Version of the mFinity Platform.
If Waterfall terminates this Agreement for convenience (i.e., without cause), and Company sends a written request to Waterfall
before the termination effective date, Waterfall will make available to Company a file of Company’s End User Data and Company
Data within thirty (30) days after the termination effective date.

Subject to the preceding sentence, Company
agrees and acknowledges that Waterfall has no obligation to retain or provide any End User Data or Company Data, and may delete
such End User Data or Company Data, at any time (a) if Company violates this Agreement (including, but not limited to, any failure
to pay outstanding fees), or (b) after the termination effective date.

 

		5.	Fees
                                         & Payment

 

5.1 Fees. Company will pay all
fees or charges to Company’s account in accordance with Company’s applicable Order Form(s). These include, but are
not limited to, monthly service fees, messaging fees, voice call fees, short code fees, account fees, keyword fees, transaction
fees, technical support fees and client services fees. Waterfall reserves the right to modify its fees and charges, and to introduce
new charges, at any time upon at least 30 days prior notice to Company, which notice may be provided by email. Company also agrees
to pay (or reimburse Waterfall if Waterfall is required to pay directly) for any and all fees in connection with the registration,
provisioning, certification and use of Company’s short code(s) including but not limited to content distribution fees, message
transaction fees, and any surcharges, fines or penalties imposed by a wireless carrier or Authorized Distributor. All payment
obligations are non-cancelable and all amounts paid are non-refundable. Company is responsible for paying for all services Company
orders for the entire License Term, whether or not such services are actually used, irrespective of whether a purchase order is
issued.

Your authorized License Administrator
may order additional Service licenses and features by executing an additional written Order Form or using the Online Order Center.
Such additions are subject to the following: (i) the license for such additions will be coterminous with the preexisting
License Term (either Initial Term or renewal term); (ii) the fees and charges for such additions will be Waterfall’s then-current,
generally applicable fees and charges; and (iii) additions in the middle of a billing month will be charged for a pro-rata
portion of that billing month.

All pricing terms are Waterfall’s
confidential information and Company agrees to treat them in accordance with the confidentiality provisions below.

 

5.2 Payment. Waterfall charges
and collects in advance for use of its Service. Waterfall will automatically issue an invoice to Company each month, quarter or
year as applicable, in accordance with the terms of Company’s Order Form(s), or as otherwise mutually agreed. Fees for other
services will be charged on an as-quoted basis. Payments must be made monthly, quarterly or annually in advance, per the terms
mutually agreed in an Order Form or through the Online Order Center. Waterfall's fees are exclusive of all taxes, levies, or duties
imposed by taxing authorities, and Company will be responsible for payment of all such taxes, levies, or duties, excluding only
United States (federal or state) taxes based solely on Waterfall's income. Company agrees to provide Waterfall with complete and
accurate billing and contact information. This information includes Company’s legal company name, street address, email
address, and name and telephone number of an authorized billing contact and License Administrator. Company will update this information
within 30 days of any change to it. If the contact information Company has provided is false or fraudulent, Waterfall reserves
the right to terminate Company’s access to the Service, in addition to any other legal remedies. Unless Waterfall in its
discretion determines otherwise, Company will be billed in U.S. dollars and subject to U.S. payment terms and pricing schemes.
If Company believe Company’s bill is incorrect, Company must contact Waterfall in writing within 30 days of the relevant
invoice date to be eligible to receive an adjustment or credit.

 

5.3 Consequences of Non-Payment.
In addition to any other rights Waterfall may have, Waterfall reserves the right to suspend or terminate this Agreement and Company’s
access to the Service if Company’s account becomes delinquent (falls into arrears). Delinquent invoices (accounts in arrears)
are subject to a service fee of one and one-half percent (1.5%) per month, or the maximum penalty permitted by law (whichever
is less), on any outstanding balance, plus all expenses of collection. Waterfall will continue to charge Company for the Service
during any period of suspension. If Company or Waterfall terminates this Agreement in accordance with Section 4.2, Company
will be obligated to pay the balance due on Company’s account computed in accordance with the Fees and Payment section of
this Agreement. Company agrees Waterfall may bill Company for such unpaid fees. Waterfall reserves the right to impose a reconnection
fee if Company is suspended and thereafter requests access to the Service.

 

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		6.	Acceptable
                                         Use of the Service

 

6.1 General. Waterfall may determine,
in its reasonable discretion, whether Company is violating the Acceptable Use policies set forth in this Section 6. Using
the Service in an abusive manner or any other manner that diminishes or interferes with anyone else’s use or enjoyment of
the Service is prohibited. Company also may not use the Service for any illegal activities or purposes, intentionally or unintentionally.
Company is responsible for all activity occurring under Company’s User accounts, and Company agrees to abide by all applicable
local, state, national and foreign laws, treaties and regulations in connection with Company’s use of the Service. Company
must: (i) notify Waterfall immediately of any unauthorized use of any password or account or any other known or suspected breach
of security; (ii) report to Waterfall immediately and use reasonable efforts to stop immediately any inappropriate copying
or distribution of Content that is known or suspected by Company or Company’s Users; and (iii) not impersonate another
Website user or provide false identity information to gain access to or use any of the Service or Content.

 

6.2 Short Codes,
Use of Keywords, Provisioning / Carrier Certification. Certain tiers of the Service allow Company to use Waterfall’s
shared short code(s), in Waterfall’s discretion. Use of the Service with a shared short code requires a unique keyword per
campaign. Company agrees not to reserve keywords and attempt to sell such keywords to a third party, except with Waterfall's prior
written consent. Any such behavior will be grounds for immediate termination of this Agreement and Company’s account. Further,
Waterfall will have the right, at any time, to reclaim keywords that Company has reserved but is not actively using. Company also
must not reserve or use any keywords that are a trademark, service mark or corporate name of another company (whether registered
or recognized under applicable common law). The Service allows Company to use Company’s own short code. Waterfall can lease
a short code on Company’s behalf, or Company can lease Company’s own short code at www.usshortcodes.com. Company
is responsible for reimbursing Waterfall fully and promptly for any payments made to reserve Company’s own short code(s).
Waterfall will help Company get Company’s short code(s) provisioned by the wireless carriers, and Waterfall will help Company
obtain all required certifications and authorizations. Waterfall will use commercially reasonable efforts to provision Company’s
short code(s) but cannot guarantee if or when Company’s short codes(s) will be provisioned or certified by the wireless
carriers. Company may not use any phone number or short code provided by Waterfall to route SMS messages over any other provider's
network. All SMS messages sent and received for a phone number or short code provided by Waterfall must be sent and received exclusively
via Waterfall’s Service.

 

6.3 Prohibited
Conduct. The following are some other examples of conduct using the Service that are prohibited (this list is not exhaustive):

		·	Harming
                                         any minors;

		·	Engaging
                                         in any fraudulent conduct in connection with Company’s account (including, without
                                         limitation, circumventing any classified advertising or other phone identification systems);

		·	Misleading
                                         anyone regarding the origin or sender of any phone call or message sent using Company’s
                                         account (e.g., by creating a false or misleading identity, phone number or email address);

		·	Using
                                         the Service in a way not expressly authorized by Waterfall or that subjects Waterfall
                                         or any third parties to any threat or liability;

		·	Participating
                                         in any activity prohibited by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, or otherwise
                                         violating any U.S. or foreign laws regarding transmission of software, other technology
                                         or data;

		·	Transmitting
                                         material that contains any viruses, trojan horses, worms or other malicious or harmful
                                         code;

		·	Transmitting
                                         any material that violates any intellectual property rights (e.g., copyright, trademark
                                         or rights of publicity) of any third parties;

		·	Using
                                         any of the Waterfall Marks in a manner not expressly permitted by this Agreement;

		·	Engaging
                                         in any activities or transmitting any content that is libelous or defamatory, or that
                                         is otherwise illegally discriminatory, malicious, threatening, harassing, obscene, vulgar,
                                         harmful or invasive of anyone’s privacy;

		·	Launching
                                         or facilitating (whether intentionally or unintentionally) a denial of service attack
                                         on any of the Service, or otherwise negatively affecting the availability or stability
                                         of the Service or of any networks connected to the Service;

		·	Reverse
                                         engineering or probing any component of the Service, seeking vulnerabilities or attempting
                                         to circumvent any access controls, security measures or filtering;

		·	Participating
                                         in or facilitating any harassing or unwanted messages, phone calls, mobile push notifications,
                                         voicemail or faxes; 

		·	Conducting
                                         any unsolicited advertising or marketing activities (for example, any activities that
                                         violate anti-spamming laws and regulations like the CAN SPAM Act of 2003, the Telephone
                                         Consumer Protection Act and the Do-Not-Call Implementation Act);

		·	Violating
                                         any applicable carrier or wireless industry guidelines or best practices (e.g., those
                                         regarding data privacy or transmission of technical or personal data), the CTIA and Mobile
                                         Marketing Association's Code of Conduct for Mobile Marketing, or the U.S. Consumer Best
                                         Practice Guidelines located at www.ctia.org and www.mmaglobal.com;

		·	Using
                                         SMS or mobile push notifications in a manner inconsistent with the person-to-person nature
                                         of mobile communications;

		·	Collecting
                                         or storing any personal information about third parties (e.g., email addresses or phone
                                         numbers) without their express consent or in violation of any other provisions in the
                                         “Acceptable Use of The Service” portion of this Agreement;

 

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		·	Using
                                         the Service in any manner that violates any applicable third-party requirements or policies
                                         communicated by Waterfall; and

		·	Offering
                                         to any users any services that permit a user to connect with emergency services personnel
                                         (e.g., 911 or E911).

 

		7.	Ownership,
                                         Licenses & Data

 

7.1 Ownership.
Waterfall alone (and its licensors, where applicable) own all right, title and interest (including all related Intellectual Property
Rights) in and to the Waterfall Technology, mFinity Platform Software, the Waterfall Content and the Service, as well as any suggestions,
ideas, enhancement requests, feedback, recommendations or other information provided by Company or any other party relating to
the Waterfall Technology or Service (collectively, “Feedback”). If Company chooses to provide any Feedback
to Waterfall, Waterfall will own all right, title, and interest in and to it, even if Company has designated it as confidential,
and Waterfall will have the right to use such Feedback without restriction. Similarly, any other information or content Company
post or provide to Waterfall through comments, forums, emails or other communications (collectively, "Communications")
will be deemed the property of Waterfall. Company hereby irrevocably assigns all right, title and interest in and to the Feedback
and Communications to Waterfall, and agrees to provide Waterfall any assistance Waterfall may require to perfect and maintain
our rights in the Feedback and Communications. This Agreement is not a sale and do not convey to Company any rights of ownership
in or related to the Service, the Waterfall Technology, the mFinity Platform Software, or any Intellectual Property Rights owned
by Waterfall. Unless otherwise noted, the graphic images, text and other material on the Waterfall website are the exclusive property
of Waterfall and are Copyright © Waterfall International Inc. All rights reserved. The Waterfall and Waterfall Mobile names
and logo, and the product and service names and logos associated with the Service are trademarks or registered trademarks of Waterfall
in the United States and foreign countries; Company has no right or license to use any of them without Waterfall’s express
prior authorization. All uses of the Waterfall trademarks, and all goodwill associated therewith, will inure to the benefit of
Waterfall. Other company, product, and service names mentioned on the Waterfall website or in the course of providing the Service
may be trademarks and/or service marks of others. Company must not remove, obscure, or alter any notice of any trademark, service
mark or other intellectual property or proprietary right appearing on the Waterfall website or contained within the Service.

 

7.2
License Grants and Restrictions.

		a.	License Grant for Service.
                                         Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement (including the applicable Order
                                         Form(s)), Waterfall hereby grants to Company a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable,
                                         worldwide, revocable right and license (without right to sublicense) to access and use
                                         the Service during the Term of this Agreement. All rights relating to the Service that
                                         are not expressly granted to Company in this Agreement are expressly reserved by Waterfall.
                                         Certain aspects of the Service offer integration capabilities via one or more Waterfall
                                         application programming interfaces (“API”). The Waterfall API enables
                                         others, including application developers and website operators, to retrieve data from
                                         Waterfall Service or provide data to Waterfall Service. Access to the Waterfall API requires
                                         a separate developer account and API key, which may be available from Waterfall in Waterfall’s
                                         sole discretion. The number of API calls Company can make per account may be limited
                                         as more fully described in Waterfall’s developer portal located at http://apidocs.waterfall.com/.

		b.	License Grant for mFinity Platform
                                         Software: The license grant for the mFInity Platform Software is set forth in Exhibit
                                         B to this Agreement.

		c.	License Restrictions for Services.
                                         Company may not access or use any of the Service if Company is currently, or is actively
                                         considering becoming a competitor of Waterfall in the Marketing Services Business, except
                                         with Waterfall's prior written consent. In addition, Company may not access any of the
                                         Service for purposes of monitoring its availability, performance or functionality, or
                                         for any other benchmarking or purposes competitive with Waterfall. Company must not:
                                         (i) license, sublicense, sell, resell, transfer, assign, distribute or otherwise
                                         commercially exploit or make available to any third party any of the Service or the Content
                                         in any way, except with Waterfall's prior written consent; (ii) modify or make derivative
                                         works based upon any of the Service or the Content or otherwise remove, decompile, disassemble
                                         or reverse engineer any Waterfall website software or use any network monitoring or discovery
                                         software to determine the Waterfall website architecture; (iii) create Internet "links"
                                         to any of the Service or "frame" or "mirror" any Content on any other
                                         server or wireless or Internet-based device or otherwise make any portion of the Waterfall
                                         website available through any timesharing system, service bureau, the Internet or any
                                         other technology now existing or developed in the future; or (iv) reverse engineer or
                                         use any of the Service to (a) build a competitive product or service, (b) build
                                         a product or service using similar ideas, features, functions or graphics of any of the
                                         Service, (c) copy, print, republish, display, distribute, transmit, sell, rent, lease,
                                         loan or otherwise make available in any form or by any means all or any portion of the
                                         Waterfall website, including ideas, features, functions or graphics, or any Waterfall
                                         Content and Materials retrieved therefrom, (d) use the Waterfall website or any materials
                                         obtained from the Waterfall website to develop, or as a component of, any information,
                                         storage and retrieval system, database, information base, or similar resource (in any
                                         media now existing or hereafter developed), that is offered for commercial distribution
                                         of any kind, including through sale, license, lease, rental, subscription, or any other
                                         commercial distribution mechanism, (e) create any compilations or derivative works of
                                         any Content or Materials from the Waterfall website, (f) copy or resell any marketing,
                                         training or other materials such as slides, advice, guidance, or frameworks provided
                                         by Waterfall, or (g) remove, change or obscure any copyright, trademark or other proprietary
                                         notice, or any Terms of Service governing the Waterfall website. Company must use the
                                         Service only for legitimate business purposes, and Company must not engage in any of
                                         the other prohibited conduct identified in this Agreement.

 

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		d.	License Restrictions for mFinity
                                         Platform License: The license restrictions applicable to the mFInity Platform License
                                         are set forth in Exhibit B to this Agreement.

 

7.3 Data. As between Waterfall
and Company, Company will own all End User Data and other Company Data. However, Waterfall also collects aggregate data that is
not personally-identifiable, including, without limitation, end user usage and behavioral data as they relate to the Service (the
"Aggregate Data") Company acknowledges and agrees that Waterfall will be the sole and exclusive owner of such
Aggregate Data. Company, not Waterfall, has sole responsibility for ensuring the accuracy, quality, integrity, legality, security,
reliability, appropriateness, and intellectual property ownership or right to use all End User Data and other Company Data. Waterfall
will not be responsible or liable for the deletion, correction, destruction, damage, loss or failure to store any Company Data.
Notwithstanding the above, Waterfall may remove any Company Data from the Service that violates any guidelines or policies set
forth by (i) a wireless carrier, (ii) the Mobile Marketing Association, (iii) the CTIA, (iv) mobile device manufacturers,
(v) any Authorized Distributor, or (vi) Waterfall.

 

		8.	SUPPORT
                                         & OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

 

8.1 Standard
Support. Unless Waterfall and Company have entered into a separate written agreement for technical support services for the
Service, Waterfall will provide only the following basic support to Company (limited to the Term):

		a.	access to any bug fixes and updates
                                         that Waterfall makes commercially available to its other licensees;

		b.	Company may report issues and questions
                                         related to the Service, and receive notification of the availability of any bug fixes
                                         and updates that Waterfall makes commercially available to its other licensees; and

		c.	acknowledgment of issues and questions
                                         reported in writing by Company to Waterfall.

			

8.2 Additional
Support. If Company enters into a separate written agreement with Waterfall for additional technical support services for
the Service, then Waterfall will provide such support in return for timely payment of the applicable fees in accordance with that
separate agreement.

 

8.3 Professional Services. Subject
to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Waterfall may provide to Company other professional services in accordance with
the applicable Order Form(s) mutually agreed by the Parties. Company will reimburse Waterfall’s reasonable travel and incidental
expenses (e.g., airfare, lodging, meals, taxis, rental cars, parking and WiFi access) incurred in connection with providing such
services, if any.

 

		9.	Privacy
                                         and Publicity

 

Waterfall's privacy policy is located
at http://www.waterfall.com/legal and is hereby incorporated into this Agreement by reference. Waterfall reserves the right
to modify our privacy policy from time to time. Company may be asked whether or not Company wishes to receive marketing and other
non-critical communications relating to the Service from time to time. Company may opt-out of receiving such communications at
that time, or at any subsequent time, by clicking a link at the bottom of any email. Note that because the Service is hosted and
online, Waterfall occasionally may need to notify all users (whether or not they have opted-out as described above) of important
announcements regarding the Service. Company also agrees Waterfall may use Company’s name and logo solely to list Company
as a customer in our marketing and promotional materials (e.g., on the Waterfall website).

 

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		10.	Third-Party
                                         Applications & Interactions

 

While using the Service, Company may enter
into correspondence with, purchase goods and/or services from, or participate in promotions of, advertisers, sponsors or other
third parties showing their goods and/or services through the Service. Any such activity, and any terms, conditions, warranties
or representations associated with such activity, are solely between Company and the relevant third parties. Waterfall does not
endorse, recommend or sponsor any products, services or websites that are promoted by users or other third parties through the
Service. Company also acknowledges and agrees that Waterfall may offer integration of certain Third-Party Applications with the
Service, and certain third-party providers of ancillary or related software, hardware or services may require Company’s
agreement to additional or different license or other terms prior to Company’s use of or access to such software, hardware
or services. If Company installs or enables any Third-Party Applications for use with the Service, Company acknowledge that (a) Waterfall
may allow providers of those Third-Party Applications to access Company Data as required for the interoperation of such Third-Party
Applications with the Service, and (b) Waterfall will not be responsible for any disclosure, modification, use or deletion of
Company Data resulting from any such access by Third-Party Application providers. Features of the Service that interoperate with
such Third-Party Applications (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Apple, etc.) depend on the continuing availability of such Third-Party
Application APIs for use with the Service. Waterfall does not guarantee any aspect of a Third-Party Application, including, without
limitation, the availability, security or reliability of third-party APIs or data exchanges. If any Third-Party Application provider
ceases to make their APIs available, or modifies the way in which their APIs work, Waterfall may cease providing the corresponding
Service feature(s) without entitling Company to any refund, credit, or other compensation from Waterfall.

WATERFALL AND ITS LICENSORS HAVE NO LIABILITY,
OBLIGATION OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY CORRESPONDENCE, PURCHASE OR PROMOTION BETWEEN COMPANY AND ANY THIRD PARTIES. IN NO EVENT
WILL WATERFALL OR ITS LICENSORS BE RESPONSIBLE FOR, OR HAVE ANY LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH ANY THIRD PARTY CONTENT, PRODUCTS,
SERVICES OR OTHER MATERIALS PROVIDED OR OBTAINED THROUGH ANY THIRD PARTY IN THE COURSE OF USING THE SERVICE.

 

		11.	Limited
                                         Representations & Warranties

 

Each Party represents and warrants that
it has the legal power and authority to enter into this Agreement. Company further represents and warrants that Company will not
falsely identify itself or provide any false information in the course of gaining access to or using any of the Service.

 

		12.	Disclaimer
                                         of Warranties

 

EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED IN THE PRECEDING
SECTION OF THIS AGREEMENT:

 

		12.1	THE SERVICE, THE WATERFALL TECHNOLOGY,
                                         MFINITY PLATFORM SOFTWARE, CONTENT AND ANY THIRD-PARTY APPLICATION ARE PROVIDED ON AN
                                         “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS; WATERFALL AND ITS OWNERS, EMPLOYEES,
                                         AGENTS, AFFILIATES AND LICENSORS MAKE NO REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY OR GUARANTY AS TO THE
                                         RELIABILITY, TIMELINESS, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, SUITABILITY, RESULTS, TRUTH, AVAILABILITY,
                                         ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE SERVICE, THE MFINITY PLATFORM SOFTWARE, THE WATERFALL
                                         TECHNOLOGY, OR ANY CONTENT OR THIRD-PARTY APPLICATION;

 

		12.2	WITHOUT LIMITING THE PRECEDING SENTENCE,
                                         WATERFALL AND ITS OWNERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, AFFILIATES AND LICENSORS DO NOT REPRESENT
                                         OR WARRANT THAT (i) THE USE OF THE SERVICE WILL BE SECURE, TIMELY, UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR-FREE
                                         OR OPERATE IN COMBINATION WITH ANY OTHER HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, SYSTEM OR DATA, (ii) THE
                                         SERVICE WILL MEET COMPANY’S REQUIREMENTS OR EXPECTATIONS, (iii) ANY STORED DATA
                                         WILL BE ACCURATE OR RELIABLE, (iv) THE QUALITY OF ANY PRODUCTS, SERVICES, INFORMATION,
                                         OR OTHER MATERIAL PURCHASED OR OBTAINED BY COMPANY THROUGH THE SERVICE WILL MEET COMPANY’S
                                         REQUIREMENTS OR EXPECTATIONS, (v) ERRORS OR DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED, OR (vi) THE
                                         SERVICE OR THE SERVER(S) THAT MAKE THE SERVICE AVAILABLE ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER
                                         HARMFUL COMPONENTS; AND

 

		12.3	ALL CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND
                                         WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
                                         ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT
                                         OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS), ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. THE SERVICE MAY BE SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS,
                                         DELAYS, AND OTHER PROBLEMS INHERENT IN THE USE OF THE INTERNET AND ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS,
                                         INCLUDING THOSE UNDER THE CONTROL OF WIRELESS CARRIERS, WATERFALL'S AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTORS
                                         AND THIRD-PARTY APPLICATION PROVIDERS. WATERFALL IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DELAYS, DELIVERY
                                         FAILURES, OR OTHER DAMAGE RESULTING FROM SUCH PROBLEMS.

 

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THE SERVICE DOES NOT, AND IS NOT INTENDED
TO, SUPPORT OR CARRY EMERGENCY CALLS TO POLICE, FIRE, AMBULANCE OR ANY EMERGENCY SERVICES (FOR EXAMPLE 911 OR E911). ACCORDINGLY,
WATERFALL AND ITS OWNERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, AFFILIATES AND LICENSORS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTIES OR LIABILITY (AND COMPANY
HEREBY WAIVES ANY AND ALL SUCH CLAIMS OR CAUSES OF ACTION) ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO COMPANY’S INABILITY TO USE THE SERVICE
TO CONTACT ANY EMERGENCY SERVICES.

 

		13.	Indemnification

 

Company will defend, indemnify and hold
harmless Waterfall, its affiliates and their respective parent organizations, subsidiaries, affiliates, officers, directors, shareholders,
employees, attorneys, representatives and agents from and against any and all claims, causes of action, costs, damages, losses,
liabilities and expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys' fees, costs and expenses) arising out of or relating to any
third party claim based on:

		a.	a breach of this Agreement by Company
                                         or a Company User;

		b.	infringement of any third party Intellectual
                                         Property Right by any Company Content;

		c.	Company’s use of End User Data
                                         or other Company Data.

With respect to any such third party claims,
Waterfall will: (i) give Company written notice of the claim promptly; (ii) give Company sole control of the defense and
settlement of the claim (provided that Company may not, without Waterfall’s prior written consent, settle any claim unless
Waterfall is unconditionally released of all liability and such settlement does not adversely affect Waterfall's interests); and
(iii) give Company reasonable information, cooperation and assistance in connection with the claim, at Company’s expense.

 

		14.	Limitation
                                         of Liability

 

TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
LAW, AND EXCEPT WITH RESPECT TO COMPANY’S LIABILITY UNDER SECTION 5 (FEES & PAYMENT), SECTION 6.3 (PROHIBITED CONDUCT),
SECTION 7.2(b) (LICENSE RESTRICTIONS), AND SECTION 13 (INDEMNIFICATION):

 

		A.	IN NO EVENT WILL EITHER PARTY OR THEIR
                                         RESPECTIVE OWNERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, AFFILIATES, REPRESENTATIVES OR LICENSORS BE LIABLE
                                         UNDER THIS AGREEMENT FOR ANY INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR
                                         EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO (i) THE SERVICE OR THIS AGREEMENT
                                         (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, FOR ANY LOSS OF DATA, REVENUE, PROFITS, USE, GOODWILL
                                         OR OTHER ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE, OR BASED ON ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM OR THROUGH THE SERVICE,
                                         OR DUE TO ANY INTERRUPTION, INACCURACY, ERROR OR OMISSION IN THE SERVICE), (ii) THE USE
                                         OF ANY INFORMATION OR SOFTWARE PROVIDED ON THE WATERFALL WEBSITE, OR (iii) ANY FAILURE
                                         BY WATERFALL TO PROVIDE ANY SUCH INFORMATION OR SOFTWARE;

		B.	IN NO EVENT WILL THE TOTAL, AGGREGATE
                                         LIABILITY OF EITHER PARTY AND THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES, OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, SHAREHOLDERS,
                                         EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES AND SUPPLIERS FOR ANY AND ALL CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF
                                         OR RELATING TO THE SERVICE OR THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED THE TOTAL AMOUNT ACTUALLY PAID BY
                                         COMPANY TO WATERFALL IN THE THREE (3) MONTH PERIOD IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING THE EVENTS
                                         GIVING RISE TO SUCH CLAIM(S); AND

		C.	IF COMPANY HAS ANY DISPUTE WITH ANY
                                         THIRD PARTIES RELATING TO COMPANY’S USE OF THE WATERFALL WEBSITE, SERVICES OR CONTENT,
                                         OR COMPANY IS DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF ANY THIRD PARTY IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, (i) COMPANY
                                         HEREBY RELEASES WATERFALL AND ITS AFFILIATES, OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, SHAREHOLDERS, EMPLOYEES,
                                         AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES AND SUPPLIERS FROM, AND (ii) COMPANY COVENANTS NOT TO SUE, OR
                                         INSTITUTE ANY LEGAL OR REGULATORY PROCEEDINGS AGAINST, OR ASSERT ANY CLAIM OR DEMAND
                                         AGAINST, WATERFALL OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES, OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, SHAREHOLDERS, EMPLOYEES,
                                         AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES OR SUPPLIERS FOR ANY CLAIMS, ACTIONS, DEMANDS OR DAMAGES (WHETHER
                                         DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL), OF WHATEVER KIND OR NATURE,
                                         KNOWN OR UNKNOWN, SUSPECTED OR UNSUSPECTED, WHETHER FORESEEABLE OR NOT, DISCLOSED OR
                                         UNDISCLOSED, RELATING TO ANY SUCH DISPUTE BETWEEN COMPANY AND ANY THIRD PARTIES.

 

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THE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY IN THIS SECTION
14 APPLY TO ALL LIABILITY AND CLAIMS, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE), STRICT
LIABILITY, WARRANTY OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, AND REGARDLESS OF ANY ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR LIABILITY.
THESE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY ARE A FUNDAMENTAL BASIS OF THE BARGAIN REFLECTED IN THESE TERMS AND THE PRICING OF THE SERVICE,
AND BOTH PARTIES UNDERSTAND AND AGREE WATERFALL WOULD NOT PROVIDE THE SERVICE TO COMPANY WITHOUT THESE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY.

 

		15.	Confidentiality

 

The Parties presumably may disclose Confidential
Information in connection with the Waterfall Service and the Parties’ relationship under this Agreement. Accordingly, the
Receiving Party will take commercially reasonable steps to avoid unauthorized disclosure or dissemination of the Disclosing Party’s
Confidential Information, including, at a minimum, those measures it takes to protect its own confidential information of a similar
nature. All Confidential Information will remain the exclusive property of the Disclosing Party.

The Receiving Party will disclose the
Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information only to its employees and contractors who (i) have a legitimate business need
to know such Confidential Information for purposes of performing under this Agreement (and only while they have that need), and
(ii) are bound by confidentiality agreements with the Receiving Party at least as protective of the Disclosing Party’s
Confidential Information as this section of this Agreement (their respective “Personnel”). The Receiving Party
will ensure its Personnel comply with this section of this Agreement, will promptly notify the Disclosing Party of any breach,
and will be fully responsible for any breach by the Receiving Party’s Personnel.

The above obligations under this Section
15 will apply for two (2) years from the date the relevant Confidential Information is first disclosed to the Receiving Party.
Additionally, the Parties each acknowledge and agree that the receipt of Confidential Information in connection with their relationship
under this Agreement will not create any obligation in any way limiting or restricting the assignment of employees or contractors.
Furthermore, nothing contained in this Agreement will be construed as preventing any employees or contractors of either Party
from using any “residuals” of the Confidential Information (i.e., information in non-tangible form that is retained
in the unaided memories of employees or contractors who had access to the Confidential Information).

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any
court or other governmental entity with competent jurisdiction requires the Receiving Party to disclose any of the Disclosing
Party’s Confidential Information, the Receiving Party may comply with its legal obligations after giving the Disclosing
Party prompt, reasonably detailed written notice regarding such required disclosure (including a copy of the relevant order or
other legal process) to allow the Disclosing Party to seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy. The Receiving Party
will disclose only such information as it reasonably deems is legally required, and will cooperate reasonably with the Disclosing
Party to obtain confidential treatment for any of the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information that is so disclosed.
Similarly, the Receiving Party may disclose the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information on a "need-to-know"
basis to its legal counsel, accountants, banks and other financing sources and advisors under commercially reasonable confidentiality
agreements.

Upon termination or expiration of this
Agreement, or at the request of the Disclosing Party, the Receiving Party will promptly return all tangible material embodying
the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information, and will destroy (or, in the case of electronic embodiments, permanently
erase) all other tangible material containing or reflecting such Confidential Information (in any form, including, without limitation,
all summaries, copies and excerpts) in its possession or under its control, whether prepared by the Disclosing Party, the Receiving
Party, or their respective advisors or otherwise, and will not retain any copies, extracts or other reproductions in whole or
in part of such materials.

For the avoidance of doubt, the Parties
acknowledge and agree that the Receiving Party may develop products, services, concepts, systems or techniques that are similar
to or compete with the products, services, concepts, systems or techniques contemplated by or embodied in the Disclosing Party's
Confidential Information, provided that the Receiving Party (a) can document that such development occurred independently without
any use of the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information, (b) does not violate any of its obligations under this Agreement,
and (c) does not reverse engineer any of the Disclosing Party's Confidential Information.

 

		16.	Export
                                         Control and Local Laws

 

This site provides services, and uses
software and technology, that may be subject to United States export controls administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce,
the United States Department of Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control, and other U.S. agencies, as well as the export control
regulations of other countries. As a user of this site, Company must not use the Waterfall website or the Service in, or permit
the Waterfall website, any Service, any Content, or any underlying information, software or technology, to be transferred, exported,
re-exported or otherwise provided to, any countries regarding which the United States, Switzerland or the European Union maintains
an embargo (collectively, "Embargoed Countries"). Company also must not transfer, export, re-export or otherwise
provide the Waterfall website, any of the Service, any Content, or any underlying information, software or technology, to (a)
any nationals or residents of any Embargoed Countries, or (b) any person or entity on the U.S. Department of Treasury's List of
Specially Designated Nationals or the U.S. Department of Commerce's Table of Denial Orders (collectively, "Designated
Nationals"). The lists of Embargoed Countries and Designated Nationals are subject to change without notice, so Company
should check those lists frequently to ensure Company comply.

 

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Company represents and warrants that Company
and its officers, directors and owners are not, and are not under the control of a Designated National, and are not located in,
under the control of, or a national or resident of any Embargoed Country. Company agrees to comply strictly with all U.S., Swiss
and European Union export laws, and Company assumes sole responsibility for obtaining any licenses required to export or re-export.

The Waterfall website also may use encryption
technology that is subject to licensing requirements under the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, 15 C.F.R. Parts 730-774
and Council Regulation (EC) No. 1334/2000. Waterfall makes no representation that the Waterfall website, the Service or any Content
is appropriate or available for use in other locations. If Company use the Waterfall website, Service or Content from outside
the United States of America, Switzerland and the European Union, Company is solely responsible for complying with all applicable
laws, including, without limitation, export and import regulations of other countries. Any diversion or export of Content or End
User Data contrary to the laws of United States, Switzerland or European Union (including European Union Member States) is strictly
prohibited. Finally, Company is not permitted to use the Waterfall website, the Service, any Content, or any information acquired
through the use of the Waterfall website, the Service or any Content, for any nuclear activities, chemical or biological weapons,
or missile projects, unless specifically authorized by the United States government or an authorized European governmental body
for such purposes.

 

		17.	U.S.
                                         Government Contract Provisions

 

This Agreement governs Company’s
license to use the Waterfall website, Service and Content. No government procurement regulation or contract clauses or provisions
will be considered a part of any transaction between the Parties under this Agreement unless its inclusion is required by statute,
or mutually agreed upon in writing by the Parties in connection with a specific transaction. The technical data and computer software
covered by this license are “Commercial Items,” as that term is defined by the FAR 2.101 (48 C.F.R. 2.101), and are
“commercial computer software” and “commercial computer software documentation” as specified under FAR
12.212 (48 C.F.R. 12.212) or DFARS 227.7202 (48 C.F.R. 227.7202), as applicable. The Waterfall website, the Service and Content
are provided to end users for use by and on behalf of the U.S. Government, with only those rights as are granted to all other
end users under the terms and conditions in this Agreement. Use for or on behalf of the U.S. Government is permitted only if the
individual using the Waterfall website, the Service or Content is properly authorized by an appropriate U.S. Government official.
This paragraph of this Agreement is in lieu of, and supersedes, any other FAR, DFARS, or other provision that addresses government
rights in computer software or documentation covered by this Agreement. All copyright licenses granted to the U.S. Government
are coextensive with the technical data and computer software licenses granted in this Agreement. The U.S. Government will only
have the right to reproduce, distribute, perform, display, and prepare derivative works as needed to implement those rights.

 

		18.	Notices

 

Waterfall may provide notices to Company
relating to the Service by posting a general notice on the Waterfall website, or by sending email to the email address Company
provided in Company’s account information on the Waterfall website, or by written communication sent by first class mail
or pre-paid post to the mailing address Company provided in Company’s account information on the Waterfall website. Such
notice will be deemed given forty-eight (48) hours after mailing or posting (if sent by first class mail or pre-paid post) or
twelve (12) hours after sending (if sent by email). Company may give notice to Waterfall (such notice will be deemed given when
received by Waterfall) at any time by any of the following: letter delivered by nationally recognized overnight delivery service
or first class postage prepaid mail to the attention of Waterfall’s Chief Financial Officer at the following address: Waterfall
International Inc., 25 Division Street, Suite 205, San Francisco, CA 94103.

 

		19.	Assignment

 

This Agreement may not be assigned or
otherwise transferred by Company, including, without limitation, by operation of law in connection with a merger or acquisition,
without the prior written approval of Waterfall. Any purported assignment in violation of this section will be void. Waterfall
may, however, assign or transfer its rights and obligations under this Agreement, without Company’s consent, to (i) a parent
or subsidiary of Waterfall, (ii) an acquirer of Waterfall assets, or (iii) Waterfall’s successor by merger. This Agreement
will be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, the Parties’ respective successors and permitted assigns.

 

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		20.	General
                                         Terms

 

		20.1	This Agreement is and will be governed
                                         exclusively by California law and controlling United States federal law, without regard
                                         to the choice or conflicts of law provisions of any jurisdiction. The provisions of the
                                         United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, and of the
                                         Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) will not apply to the Parties’
                                         relationship or this Agreement in any manner whatsoever.

		20.2	Any disputes, actions, claims or causes
                                         of action arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, the Waterfall website,
                                         the Service or the Content will be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state
                                         and federal courts located in San Francisco, California. The Parties irrevocably submit
                                         to the jurisdiction of those courts and waive any objection they may have to such jurisdiction
                                         and venue.

		20.3	In the event of any litigation arising
                                         out of or relating to the Waterfall website, any aspect of the Service, any Content or
                                         this Agreement, the prevailing Party will be entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys’
                                         fees, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, expert witness fees and costs
                                         on appeal).

		20.4	Except for payment obligations, neither
                                         Party will be liable under this Agreement by reason of any failure or delay in the performance
                                         of its obligations under this Agreement on account of strikes, shortages, riots, insurrection,
                                         fires, flood, storm, explosions, acts of God, war, governmental action, labor conditions,
                                         earthquakes, material shortages, or any other cause beyond the reasonable control of
                                         such Party.

		20.5	The Parties are independent contractors.
                                         No joint venture, partnership, employment, franchise or agency relationship exists between
                                         Waterfall and Company as a result of this Agreement or use of any Service or Content,
                                         and neither Party may suggest otherwise.

		20.6	If any provisions of this Agreement
                                         are held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable, then such
                                         provisions will be severed and construed, as nearly as possible, to reflect the Parties’
                                         intentions, with all other provisions remaining in full force and effect.

		20.7	The failure of either Party to enforce
                                         any right or provision in this Agreement will not constitute a waiver of such right or
                                         provision, unless acknowledged and agreed in writing.

		20.8	Any ambiguity in this Agreement will
                                         not be construed against Waterfall due to Waterfall’s role in drafting it. Company
                                         specifically acknowledges that Company has had a reasonable opportunity to consult Company’s
                                         own attorney regarding this Agreement, and to negotiate it with Waterfall.

		20.9	In the event of any conflict between
                                         this Agreement and any Order Forms, the Order Forms will take precedence and prevail.

		20.10	The Agreement may be signed in duplicate
                                         originals, or in separate counterparts, which are effective as if the Parties signed
                                         a single original. A facsimile, scanned, pdf or other electronic version of an original
                                         signature transmitted to the other Party is effective as though the original were sent
                                         to the other Party.

		20.11	This Agreement may only be modified
                                         upon mutual written agreement by both Parties.

		20.12	This Agreement, together with any
                                         mutually agreed Order Form and the related terms referenced in this Agreement, comprise
                                         the entire agreement between Waterfall and Company, and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous
                                         negotiations, representations, discussions, communications or agreements, whether written
                                         or oral, between the Parties regarding the subject matter addressed in this Agreement.
                                         No text or information set forth on any purchase order, preprinted form or document (other
                                         than an Order Form approved in writing by Waterfall, if applicable) can add to or vary
                                         any terms or conditions of this Agreement.

 

ACCEPTED AND AGREED BY THE PARTIES’
DULY AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVES AS OF THE EFFECTIVE DATE:

 

WATERFALL:

 

	By:	 	 
	 	 	 
	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 
	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 
	Date:	 	 
	 	 	 
	COMPANY:	 
	 	 	 
	By:	 	 
	 	 	 
	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 
	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 
	Date:	 	 

 

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EXHIBIT A

(DEFINITIONS)

 

This is Exhibit A to the Waterfall
Master Service and Software License Agreement between Waterfall and Company (the “Agreement”), forms part of
the Agreement, and is subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement. Any capitalized terms not defined in this Exhibit A
have the meaning indicated elsewhere in the Agreement (including its exhibits).

 

The following definitions apply to the Agreement:

 

		1.	"Authorized Distributors"
                                         means the wireless carriers, wireless message aggregators, telephone companies and other
                                         third-party distributors that Waterfall has contracted with or uses in connection with
                                         providing the Service.

		2.	“Confidential Information”
                                         means information and tangible materials disclosed by one Party (the “Disclosing
                                         Party”) to the other Party (the “Receiving Party”) in connection
                                         with the Parties’ relationship under this Agreement that is marked “Confidential”
                                         (or a similar marking) with respect to tangible materials, or, if disclosed orally, is
                                         identified as confidential at the time of disclosure or in a subsequent written communication
                                         received within five (5) business days after disclosure. The Waterfall Technology also
                                         constitutes Confidential Information of Waterfall. For purposes of this Agreement, “Confidential
                                         Information” will not, however, include information or materials the Receiving
                                         Party can prove through verifiable, objective evidence:

		(a)	became part of the public domain
                                         without breach of this Agreement;

		(b)	was known to the Receiving Party
                                         prior to its receipt from the Disclosing Party;

		(c)	was rightfully received from a
                                         third party that did not acquire or disclose such information or materials by a wrongful
                                         or tortious act or in breach of any confidentiality obligation to the Disclosing Party;
                                         or

		(d)	was developed independently by
                                         or for the Receiving Party without use of or reference to any Confidential Information
                                         of the Disclosing Party.

		3.	"Company Data"
                                         means any data, information, materials or multimedia content relating to Company and
                                         its personnel that Company provide or submit to the Waterfall Service in the course of
                                         using the Service.

		4.	"Content" means
                                         the text, audio and visual elements, URL links, documents, software, products, services
                                         or other information contained in, linked to, or attached to messages sent out by Company
                                         through the Waterfall Website or Service, or on Company’s behalf by Waterfall.

		5.	“Documentation”
                                         shall mean any manuals, user guides, specifications, technical documentation or other
                                         documentation.

		6.	"End User Data"
                                         means any information that is collected by the Service from individual users interacting
                                         with a Waterfall marketing or CRM campaign (e.g., mobile telephone number, wireless carrier,
                                         email address).

		7.	“Healthcare Business”
                                         means the Company’s provision of services and solutions directly to entities in
                                         the healthcare industry (collectively, as further defined I Section 8 below, “Healthcare
                                         Customers and Partners”) using the Company-Version mFinity Platform solely for
                                         the following purposes: (i) Patient Engagement:  Communications between healthcare
                                         providers and patients, caregivers and related parties; (ii) Medication Engagement: 
                                         Communications regarding medication, including medication adherence and compliance and
                                         educational communications; (iii) Member Engagement:  Communications between health
                                         insurers and their actual and potential members; and (iv) Employee Engagement: 
                                         Communications between employers and employees regarding business matters, including
                                         but not limited to HR communications, such as employee benefits plans, wellness programs,
                                         and other employee education communications. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing,
                                         Healthcare Business specifically excludes marketing communications for non-provider supplied
                                         healthcare products including, for example, drug promotion campaigns and insurer member
                                         acquisition campaigns.

 

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		8.	“Healthcare Customers
                                         and Partners” means the entities identified in Schedule 4.11(c) to the Purchase
                                         Agreement. Following the Effective Date of this Agreement, from time to time Company
                                         may wish to sign up additional entities as Healthcare Customers and Partners. So long
                                         as this Agreement is in effect, Company agrees to provide Waterfall with ten (10) days
                                         advance written notice prior to onboarding such new entities.

		9.	"Initial
                                         Term" means the term of the Parties’ Agreement, beginning on the contract
                                         start date and ending on the contract end date, specified on the applicable Order Form.

		10.	"Intellectual Property
                                         Rights" means unpatented inventions, patent applications, patents, design rights,
                                         copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade names, domain name rights, mask work rights,
                                         know-how and other trade secret rights, and all other intellectual property rights, derivatives
                                         thereof, and forms of protection of a similar nature anywhere in the world.

		11.	"License Administrator(s)"
                                         means those Users designated by Company who are authorized to add, delete or modify Company’s
                                         Service Order using the Online Order Center, or by executing written Order Forms, and
                                         to create User accounts and otherwise administer Company’s use of the Service.

		12.	"License Term(s)"
                                         means the period(s) during which Company is licensed to use the Service under the Order
                                         Form(s).

		13.	"mFinity
                                         Platform Software" means the IP stack and Source Code identified on Exhibit
                                         B to this Agreement and any related Documentation.

		14.	"Online Order Center"
                                         means Waterfall's online application that allows Company to, among other things, sign-up
                                         for the Service or add additional Waterfall products/services in the future.

		15.	"Order Form(s)"
                                         means the initial form (submitted online or in hard copy written form) evidencing Company’s
                                         initial subscription for the Service, and any subsequent forms (submitted online or in
                                         written form) for subsequent subscription periods, specifying, e.g., the type of services
                                         contracted for, the applicable fees, the billing period, and other charges agreed to
                                         by the Parties. Each Order Form is incorporated by reference into, and is a part of,
                                         this Agreement.

		16.	"Service"
                                         means the specific edition of Waterfall's hosted customer relationship management (CRM)
                                         platform and any associated services provided to Company under this Agreement, including,
                                         without limitation, the Waterfall Technology, the Content, the Waterfall API, and any
                                         other ancillary online or offline products and services provided to Company by Waterfall
                                         under this Agreement. The Service components Company is entitled to use are specified
                                         on the applicable Order Form. The Service is developed, operated, and maintained by Waterfall,
                                         and is accessible via the Waterfall website, the Waterfall API, the Waterfall mobile
                                         application, widgets and/or another designated website or IP address.

		17.	"Third-Party Applications"
                                         means online, Web-based applications and offline software products that are provided
                                         by third parties that interoperate with the Service via the Waterfall API.

		18.	"User(s)"
                                         means Company’s employees, representatives, consultants, contractors or agents
                                         who are authorized to use the Service and have been supplied Waterfall user identifications
                                         (including API credentials) and passwords by Company (or by Waterfall at Company’s
                                         request).

		19.	"Waterfall Technology"
                                         means Waterfall's proprietary technology (including software, hardware, products, processes,
                                         algorithms, user interfaces, API, know-how, techniques, designs and other tangible or
                                         intangible technical material or information) made available to Company by Waterfall
                                         in providing the Service.

 

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EXHIBIT B

mFinity Platform License

 

		A.	Delivery to Hosting Service

 

Within ten (10) days of the Closing Date of the Purchase Agreement,
Waterfall agrees to create an additional instance of the source code and object code for the mFinity Platform Software described
in Section G below, and, if requested by Company, deliver to a hosting service that the Parties mutually agree upon (“Company-Version
of mFinity Platform Software”).

 

		B.	Fees for Hosting and Servicing Company-Version of mFinity
                                         Platform Software

 

Company agrees to pay any hosting, maintenance or servicing
fees that the Parties mutually agree upon in connection with the Company-Version of the mFinity Platform Software.

 

		C.	No Maintenance or Support Services Provided by Waterfall

 

The Parties agree that, unless otherwise agreed by the Parties
in writing, Waterfall will not provide to Company any maintenance or support services for the Company-Version of the mFinity Platform
Software.

 

		D.	License

 

Subject to the terms of this Agreement, Waterfall hereby grants
to Company a perpetual royalty-free, worldwide, and non-sublicensable (except to Healthcare Customers and Partners) license and
right to use the Company-Version of the mFinity Platform Software solely to the extent required by Company or its permitted assigns
to make available the features and functions of the Company-Version of the mFinity Platform Software as a “software-as-a-service”
offering in connection with the Healthcare Business. “Use” means, for purposes of the license granted in this
Exhibit B, the right to (a) use, copy, execute, display, enhance, modify, update, maintain (directly) and/or adapt the Company-Version
of the mFinity Platform Software, (b) create new versions or derivative work of the Company-Version of the mFinity Platform Software,
and (c) combine the Company-Version of the mFinity Platform Software with other programs and/or materials.

 

		E.	Other Licenses; Assignment 

 

Except as set forth in this mFinity Platform License, no license
(express or implied) under any Intellectual Property Rights of Waterfall is granted to Company. No ownership of the mFinity Platform
Software or any Proprietary Rights therein is granted, assigned or otherwise transferred to Company by implication or estoppel.
This mFinity Platform License may be sold or assigned to a third party for use in the Healthcare Business; provided, that, without
Waterfall’s prior written consent, Company will not to sell, assign, sublicense or otherwise transfer the Company-Version
of the mFinity Platform Software or the license granted hereunder to any party whose products or activities compete in whole or
in part with the Marketing Services Business.

 

		F.	Custom Work for Healthcare Business.

 

At Company’s option, Company may obtain Waterfall’s
services to maintain, customize, modify and/or enhance the Company-Version of the mFinity Platform Software to develop programs,
software and materials related to the Healthcare Business, and/or to provide such other services as the Parties mutually agree
upon (“Custom Services”). If applicable, Custom Services shall be specified in a separate amendment to this
Agreement.

 

		G.	Interpretation. 

 

In the case of any conflict between this Exhibit B (mFininty
Platform License) and the remainder of this Agreement, the provisions of this Exhibit B shall control.

 

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		H.	Description of mFinity Platform Software

 

	IP
    Stack
	mFinity
	Platform
    (UI)
	Gateway
    (Messaging)
	Guinness
    (SMS)
	Carlsberg
    (Content)
	API
    Framework (XML/REST/Http)
	Servicekit/Wes
    (Coupon Engine)
	SMS
    Analytics
	ANS
    (push Engine)
	HCM/CD/AlertMe
    (Vertical UI Apps)
	Mobi
    Site Analytics
	Context
    Engine

 

	Source
    Code (References are to Folders)
	SVN
    Projects
	Path	Name
	 	 
	/svn/mars/trunk	platform
	 	saturn
	 	guinness
	 	carlsberg
	 	analytics
	 	harp
	 	heineken
	 	iimporter
	 	iproxy
	 	ishortener
	 	wes
	 	 
	/svn/3rdparty	Libraries
	/svn/tools	Libraries
    for automation
	 	 
	GIT
    Projects
	Path	Name
	 	 
	/git/repositories/vertical.apps	alertme.git
	 	apns_client.git

 

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	 	smsa.git
	 	smsa_api.git
	 	cd.git
	/git/repositories/vertical.apps/ans	ans-feedback-monitor.git
	 	ans-feedback-processor.git
	 	ans-gateway.git
	 	ans-reporting.git
	 	ans-scheduler.git
	 	ans-unregisterer.git
	 	ans-web.git

 

    	Waterfall Confidential | Archer MSA
Page 15 of 15Exhibit 4.1

 

	
 
    
	
COWEN GROUP, INC.
    
	
 
    
	
and
    
	
 
    
	
THE BANK OF NEW YORK   MELLON,
    
	
as Trustee
    
	
 
    
	
 
    
	
INDENTURE
    
	
 
    
	
Dated as of   October 10, 2014
    
	
 
    
	
SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES
    
	
 
    

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
Page
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE I
    	
Definitions and Incorporation by   Reference
    	
 
    	
1
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 1.1
    	
Definitions
    	
 
    	
1
    
	
Section 1.2
    	
Other Definitions
    	
 
    	
7
    
	
Section 1.3
    	
Incorporation by Reference of   Trust Indenture Act
    	
 
    	
7
    
	
Section 1.4
    	
Rules of Construction
    	
 
    	
8
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE II
    	
The Securities
    	
 
    	
8
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 2.1
    	
Form, Dating and Terms
    	
 
    	
8
    
	
Section 2.2
    	
Denominations
    	
 
    	
11
    
	
Section 2.3
    	
Forms Generally
    	
 
    	
12
    
	
Section 2.4
    	
Execution, Authentication,   Delivery and Dating
    	
 
    	
12
    
	
Section 2.5
    	
Registrar and Paying Agent
    	
 
    	
14
    
	
Section 2.6
    	
Paying Agent to Hold Money in   Trust
    	
 
    	
14
    
	
Section 2.7
    	
Holder Lists
    	
 
    	
15
    
	
Section 2.8
    	
Transfer and Exchange
    	
 
    	
15
    
	
Section 2.9
    	
Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or   Wrongfully Taken Securities
    	
 
    	
15
    
	
Section 2.10
    	
Outstanding Securities
    	
 
    	
16
    
	
Section 2.11
    	
Cancellation
    	
 
    	
17
    
	
Section 2.12
    	
Payment of Interest; Defaulted   Interest
    	
 
    	
17
    
	
Section 2.13
    	
Temporary Securities
    	
 
    	
18
    
	
Section 2.14
    	
Persons Deemed Owners
    	
 
    	
18
    
	
Section 2.15
    	
Computation of Interest
    	
 
    	
19
    
	
Section 2.16
    	
Global Securities; Book-Entry   Provisions
    	
 
    	
19
    
	
Section 2.17
    	
CUSIP Numbers, Etc.
    	
 
    	
21
    
	
Section 2.18
    	
Original Issue Discount and   Foreign-Currency Denominated Securities
    	
 
    	
21
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE III
    	
Covenants
    	
 
    	
21
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 3.1
    	
Payment of Securities
    	
 
    	
21
    
	
Section 3.2
    	
Reports
    	
 
    	
22
    
	
Section 3.3
    	
Maintenance of Office or Agency
    	
 
    	
22
    
	
Section 3.4
    	
Corporate Existence
    	
 
    	
23
    
	
Section 3.5
    	
Compliance Certificate
    	
 
    	
23
    
	
Section 3.6
    	
Statement by Officers as to   Default
    	
 
    	
23
    
	
Section 3.7
    	
Additional Amounts
    	
 
    	
23
    
	
Section 3.8
    	
Calculation of Original Issue   Discount
    	
 
    	
24
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE IV
    	
Successors
    	
 
    	
24
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 4.1
    	
Merger, Consolidation or Sale of   Assets
    	
 
    	
24
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE V
    	
Redemption of Securities
    	
 
    	
25
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 5.1
    	
Applicability of Article
    	
 
    	
25
    

 

i

 

	
Section 5.2
    	
Election to Redeem; Notice to   Trustee
    	
 
    	
25
    
	
Section 5.3
    	
Selection of Securities to Be   Redeemed
    	
 
    	
25
    
	
Section 5.4
    	
Notice of Redemption
    	
 
    	
25
    
	
Section 5.5
    	
Deposit of Redemption Price
    	
 
    	
27
    
	
Section 5.6
    	
Securities Payable on Redemption   Date
    	
 
    	
27
    
	
Section 5.7
    	
Securities Redeemed in Part
    	
 
    	
27
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE VI
    	
Defaults and Remedies
    	
 
    	
28
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 6.1
    	
Events of Default
    	
 
    	
28
    
	
Section 6.2
    	
Acceleration
    	
 
    	
29
    
	
Section 6.3
    	
Other Remedies
    	
 
    	
30
    
	
Section 6.4
    	
Waiver of Past Defaults
    	
 
    	
30
    
	
Section 6.5
    	
Control by Majority
    	
 
    	
31
    
	
Section 6.6
    	
Limitation on Suits
    	
 
    	
31
    
	
Section 6.7
    	
Rights of Holders to Receive   Payment
    	
 
    	
31
    
	
Section 6.8
    	
Collection Suit by Trustee
    	
 
    	
32
    
	
Section 6.9
    	
Trustee May File Proofs of   Claim
    	
 
    	
32
    
	
Section 6.10
    	
Priorities
    	
 
    	
32
    
	
Section 6.11
    	
Undertaking for Costs
    	
 
    	
33
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE VII
    	
Trustee
    	
 
    	
33
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 7.1
    	
Duties of Trustee
    	
 
    	
33
    
	
Section 7.2
    	
Rights of Trustee
    	
 
    	
34
    
	
Section 7.3
    	
Individual Rights of Trustee
    	
 
    	
36
    
	
Section 7.4
    	
Trustee’s Disclaimer
    	
 
    	
36
    
	
Section 7.5
    	
Notice of Defaults
    	
 
    	
36
    
	
Section 7.6
    	
Reports by Trustee to Holders
    	
 
    	
36
    
	
Section 7.7
    	
Compensation and Indemnity
    	
 
    	
37
    
	
Section 7.8
    	
Replacement of Trustee
    	
 
    	
37
    
	
Section 7.9
    	
Successor Trustee by Merger
    	
 
    	
39
    
	
Section 7.10
    	
Eligibility; Disqualification
    	
 
    	
39
    
	
Section 7.11
    	
Preferential Collection of   Claims Against Company
    	
 
    	
40
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE VIII
    	
Legal Defeasance and Covenant   Defeasance
    	
 
    	
40
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 8.1
    	
Option to Effect Legal   Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance
    	
 
    	
40
    
	
Section 8.2
    	
Legal Defeasance and Discharge
    	
 
    	
40
    
	
Section 8.3
    	
Covenant Defeasance
    	
 
    	
41
    
	
Section 8.4
    	
Conditions to Legal or Covenant   Defeasance
    	
 
    	
41
    
	
Section 8.5
    	
Deposited Cash and Government   Securities to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions
    	
 
    	
42
    
	
Section 8.6
    	
Repayment to Company
    	
 
    	
43
    
	
Section 8.7
    	
Reinstatement
    	
 
    	
43
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE IX
    	
Amendments
    	
 
    	
44
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 9.1
    	
Without Consent of Holders
    	
 
    	
44
    

 

ii

 

	
Section 9.2
    	
With Consent of Holders
    	
 
    	
45
    
	
Section 9.3
    	
Compliance with Trust Indenture   Act
    	
 
    	
47
    
	
Section 9.4
    	
Revocation and Effect of   Consents and Waivers
    	
 
    	
47
    
	
Section 9.5
    	
Notation on or Exchange of   Securities
    	
 
    	
48
    
	
Section 9.6
    	
Trustee To Sign Amendments
    	
 
    	
48
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE X
    	
[Reserved]
    	
 
    	
48
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE XI
    	
Satisfaction and Discharge
    	
 
    	
48
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 11.1
    	
Satisfaction and Discharge
    	
 
    	
48
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE XII
    	
Miscellaneous
    	
 
    	
49
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 12.1
    	
Trust Indenture Act Controls
    	
 
    	
49
    
	
Section 12.2
    	
Notices
    	
 
    	
49
    
	
Section 12.3
    	
Communication by Holders with   other Holders
    	
 
    	
50
    
	
Section 12.4
    	
Certificate and Opinion as to   Conditions Precedent
    	
 
    	
51
    
	
Section 12.5
    	
Statements Required in   Certificate or Opinion
    	
 
    	
51
    
	
Section 12.6
    	
When Securities Disregarded
    	
 
    	
52
    
	
Section 12.7
    	
Rules by Trustee, Paying   Agent and Registrar
    	
 
    	
52
    
	
Section 12.8
    	
Legal Holidays
    	
 
    	
52
    
	
Section 12.9
    	
Governing Law; Jurisdiction; and   Waiver of Jury Trial
    	
 
    	
52
    
	
Section 12.10
    	
No Recourse Against Others
    	
 
    	
53
    
	
Section 12.11
    	
Successors
    	
 
    	
53
    
	
Section 12.12
    	
Multiple Originals
    	
 
    	
53
    
	
Section 12.13
    	
Severability
    	
 
    	
53
    
	
Section 12.14
    	
No Adverse Interpretation of   Other Agreements
    	
 
    	
53
    
	
Section 12.15
    	
Table of Contents; Headings
    	
 
    	
53
    
	
Section 12.16
    	
Force Majeure
    	
 
    	
53
    
	
Section 12.17
    	
U.S.A. Patriot Act
    	
 
    	
54
    
	
Section 12.18
    	
Benefits of Indenture
    	
 
    	
54
    
	
Section 12.19
    	
Tax Matters
    	
 
    	
54
    

 

iii

 

CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE

 

	
TIA
    	
 
    	
Indenture
    
	
Section
    	
 
    	
Section
    
	
310(a)(1)
    	
 
    	
7.10
    
	
(a)(2)
    	
 
    	
7.10
    
	
(a)(3)
    	
 
    	
N.A
    
	
(a)(4)
    	
 
    	
N.A
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
7.8; 7.10
    
	
311(a)
    	
 
    	
7.11
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
7.11
    
	
312(a)
    	
 
    	
2.7
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
12.3
    
	
(c)
    	
 
    	
12.3
    
	
313(a)
    	
 
    	
7.6
    
	
(b)(1)
    	
 
    	
7.6
    
	
(b)(2)
    	
 
    	
7.6
    
	
(c)
    	
 
    	
7.6; 12.2
    
	
(d)
    	
 
    	
7.6
    
	
314(a)
    	
 
    	
3.2; 3.5; 12.2
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
N.A.
    
	
(c)(1)
    	
 
    	
12.4
    
	
(c)(2)
    	
 
    	
12.4
    
	
(c)(3)
    	
 
    	
N.A.
    
	
(d)
    	
 
    	
N.A.
    
	
(e)
    	
 
    	
12.5
    
	
315(a)
    	
 
    	
7.1
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
7.5; 12.2
    
	
(c)
    	
 
    	
7.1
    
	
(d)
    	
 
    	
7.1
    
	
(e)
    	
 
    	
6.11
    
	
316(a)(last sentence)
    	
 
    	
12.6
    
	
(a)(1)(A)
    	
 
    	
6.5
    
	
(a)(1)(B)
    	
 
    	
6.4
    
	
(a)(2)
    	
 
    	
N.A.
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
6.7
    
	
317(a)(1)
    	
 
    	
6.8
    
	
(a)(2)
    	
 
    	
6.9
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
2.6
    
	
318(a)
    	
 
    	
12.1
    

 

N.A. means Not Applicable.

 

Note: This Cross-Reference Table shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of this Indenture.

 

iv

 

THIS INDENTURE, dated as of October 10, 2014, is entered into by and between COWEN GROUP, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, a New York banking corporation, as trustee (the “Trustee”).

 

W I T N E S S E T H :

 

WHEREAS, the Company may from time to time duly authorize the issue of its unsecured debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness to be issued in one or more series (the “Securities”) up to such principal amount or amounts as may from time to time be authorized in accordance with the terms of this Indenture;

 

WHEREAS, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide, among other things, for the authentication, delivery and administration of the Securities; and

 

WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid and binding indenture and agreement in accordance with its terms have been done;

 

NOW, THEREFORE:

 

In consideration of the premises and the purchases of the Securities by the holders thereof, the Company and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree for the equal and proportionate benefit of the respective holders from time to time of the Securities as follows:

 

ARTICLE I

 

Definitions and Incorporation by Reference

 

Section 1.1                                    Definitions.

 

“Additional Amounts” means any additional amounts required by the express terms of a Security or by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, under circumstances specified therein or pursuant thereto, to be paid by the Company with respect to certain taxes, assessments or other governmental charges imposed on certain Holders and that are owing to those Holders.

 

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person.  For purposes of this definition, “control,” as used with respect to any Person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise.  For purposes of this definition, the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with” have correlative meanings.

 

“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, United States Code or any similar Federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

 

1

 

“Board of Directors” means:

 

(1)                                 with respect to a corporation, the board of directors of the corporation or any committee thereof duly authorized to act on behalf of such board;

 

(2)                                 with respect to a partnership, the board of directors of the general partner of the partnership;

 

(3)                                 with respect to a limited liability company, the manager, managers, managing member or members or any controlling committee of managers or managing members thereof, as the case may be; and

 

(4)                                 with respect to any other Person, the board or committee of such Person serving a similar function.

 

“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by a Vice President, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the applicable Person to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors of such Person and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

 

“Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee is authorized or required by law or executive order to be closed.  If a payment date is not a Business Day, payment may be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.

 

“Capital Stock” means:

 

(1)                                 with respect to any Person that is a corporation, any and all shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated and whether or not voting) of corporate stock, including each class of common stock and preferred stock of such Person, and all options, warrants or other rights to purchase or acquire any of the foregoing; and

 

(2)                                 with respect to any Person that is not a corporation, any and all partnership, membership or other equity interests of such Person, and all options, warrants or other rights to purchase or acquire any of the foregoing.

 

“Capitalized Lease Obligation” means, as to any Person, the obligations of such Person under a lease that are required to be classified and accounted for as capital lease obligations under GAAP and, for purposes of this definition, the amount of such obligations at any date shall be the capitalized amount of such obligations at such date, determined in accordance with GAAP, and the stated maturity thereof shall be the date of the last payment of rent or any other amount due under such lease.

 

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

2

 

“Company” has the meaning ascribed to it in the first introductory paragraph of this Indenture.

 

“Company Order” and “Company Request” mean, respectively, a written order or request signed in the name of the Company by one Officer of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee.

 

“Corporate Trust Office” means the principal office of the Trustee at which at any time its corporate trust business shall be administered, which office at the date hereof is located at 101 Barclay Street, Floor 7E, New York, New York 10286, Attention:  Corporate Trust Administration, or such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of any successor trustee (or such other address as such successor trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company).

 

“Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, custodian or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

 

“Default” means any event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default.

 

“Depositary” means, with respect to the Securities of any series issuable or issued in whole or in part in global form, the Person specified pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof as the initial Depositary with respect to the Securities of that series, until a successor shall have been appointed and become such pursuant to the applicable provision of this Indenture, and thereafter “Depositary” shall mean or include that successor.

 

“Dollar” or “$” means a dollar or other equivalent unit in such coin or currency of the United States as at the time shall be legal tender for the payment of public and private debt.

 

“DTC” means The Depository Trust Company, its nominees and their respective successors and assigns, or such other depositary institution hereinafter appointed by the Company.

 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder.

 

“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are in effect from time to time in the United States.

 

“Global Securities” of any series means a Security of that series that is issued in global form in the name of the Depositary with respect thereto or its nominee.

 

3

 

“Government Securities” means direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the United States of America for the payment of which obligations or guarantee the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged.

 

“Holder” means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the applicable Securities Register.

 

“Indebtedness” means, with respect to any Person, (i) the principal of and any premium and interest on (a) indebtedness of such Person for money borrowed and (b) indebtedness evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or other similar instruments for the payment of which such Person is responsible or liable; (ii) all Capitalized Lease Obligations of such Person; (iii) all obligations of such Person issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property, all conditional sale obligations and all obligations under any title retention agreement (but excluding trade accounts payable arising in the ordinary course of business); (iv) all obligations of such Person for the reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance or similar credit transaction (other than obligations with respect to letters of credit securing obligations (other than obligations described in (i) through (iii) above) entered into in the ordinary course of business of such Person to the extent such letters of credit are not drawn upon or, if and to the extent drawn upon, such drawing is reimbursed no later than the third Business Day following receipt by such Person of a demand for reimbursement following payment on the letter of credit); (v) all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) of other Persons and all dividends of other Persons for the payment of which, in either case, such Person is responsible or liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise, (vi) all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (i) through (v) of other Persons secured by any Lien on any property or asset of such Person (whether or not such obligation is assumed by such Person), the amount of such obligation being deemed to be the lesser of the value of such property or assets or the amount of the obligation so secured; and (vii) any amendments, modifications, refundings, renewals or extensions of any indebtedness or obligation described as Indebtedness in clauses (i) through (vi) above.

 

“Indenture” means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, respectively.  The term “Indenture” shall also include the terms of any particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 2.1.

 

“Interest Payment Date” when used with respect to any Security, shall have the meaning assigned to that term in the Security as contemplated by Section 2.1.

 

“Lien” means any lien, mortgage, deed of trust, pledge, security interest, charge or encumbrance of any kind (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, any lease in the nature thereof and any agreement to give any security interest).

 

“Maturity” means, with respect to any Security, the date on which the principal of that Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein

 

4

 

provided, whether at the Stated Maturity thereof, or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

 

“Non-U.S. Person” means a person who is not a U.S. person, as defined in Regulation S.

 

“Obligations” means any principal, premium, if any, interest, penalties, fees, indemnifications, reimbursements, charges, damages and other liabilities payable under the documentation governing any indebtedness.

 

“Officer” means, with respect to the Company, the President, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Administrative Officer, the Treasurer, the Secretary or any Executive Vice President.

 

“Officers’ Certificate” means, when used with respect to the Company, a certificate that is delivered to the Trustee and that is signed by (a) two Officers of the Company or (b) one Officer of the Company and one of any Assistant Treasurer, any Assistant Secretary or the Controller of the Company.  Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 12.4 and Section 12.5 if and to the extent required by the provisions of Section 12.4 and Section 12.5.  One of the Officers giving an Officers’ certificate pursuant to Section 3.5 shall be the principal executive, financial or accounting officer of the Company.

 

“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion from legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.  The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company.

 

“Original Issue Discount Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable on a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.

 

“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, limited liability company, government or an agency or a political subdivision thereof.

 

“Redemption Date” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, in whole or in part, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

 

“Redemption Price” means, with respect to any Security to be redeemed, the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture.

 

“Restricted Subsidiary” of any Person means any Subsidiary of such Person which at the time of determination is not an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

 

“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Securities” has the meaning ascribed to it in the second introductory paragraph of this Indenture.

 

5

 

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

“Securities Register” means the register of Securities, maintained by the Registrar, pursuant to Section 2.5.

 

“Security Custodian” means, with respect to Securities of a series issued in global form, the Trustee for Securities of that series, as custodian with respect to the Securities of that series, or any successor entity thereto.

 

“Significant Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary that would be a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Article 1, Rule 1- 02(w) of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Regulation is in effect on the date of this Indenture.

 

“Stated Maturity” means, with respect to any installment of interest or principal on any series of indebtedness, the date on which the payment of interest or principal was scheduled to be paid in the documentation governing such indebtedness as of the date of this Indenture, and will not include any contingent obligations to repay, redeem or repurchase any such interest or principal prior to the date originally scheduled for the payment thereof.

 

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, association, partnership or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock or other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers, general partners or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by (i) such Person; (ii) such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person; or (iii) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.

 

“TIA” or “Trust Indenture Act,” except as otherwise provided in Section 9.3, means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa 77bbbb), as in effect on the date hereof.

 

“Trust Officer” shall mean, when used with respect to the Trustee, any officer within the corporate trust department of the Trustee, including any vice president, assistant vice president, assistant secretary, assistant treasurer, trust officer or any other officer of the Trustee who customarily performs functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of such person’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.

 

“Trustee” means the Person named as such above until a successor replaces it in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” means each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any series means the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

 

“Unrestricted Subsidiary” of any Person means:

 

6

 

(1)                                 any Subsidiary of the Company that at the time of determination shall be or continue to be designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary by the Board of Directors of the Company in the manner provided below; and

 

(2)                                 any Subsidiary of an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

 

“Voting Stock” of any specified Person as of any date means the Capital Stock of such Person that is at the time entitled to vote generally in the election of the Board of Directors of such Person.

 

Section 1.2                                    Other Definitions.

 

	
Term
    	
 
    	
Defined 
   in Section
    
	
“Agent Members”
    	
 
    	
2.16
    
	
“Corporate Trust Office”
    	
 
    	
3.3
    
	
“Covenant Defeasance”
    	
 
    	
8.3
    
	
“Defaulted Interest”
    	
 
    	
2.12
    
	
“Event of Default”
    	
 
    	
6.1
    
	
“Exchange Rate”
    	
 
    	
2.18
    
	
“Legal Defeasance”
    	
 
    	
8.2
    
	
“Legal Holiday”
    	
 
    	
12.8
    
	
“Paying Agent”
    	
 
    	
2.5
    
	
“protected purchaser”
    	
 
    	
2.9
    
	
“Registrar”
    	
 
    	
2.5
    
	
“Special Interest Payment Date”
    	
 
    	
2.12(a)
    
	
“Special Record Date”
    	
 
    	
2.12(a)
    
	
“Surviving Entity”
    	
 
    	
4.1
    

 

Section 1.3                                    Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.  This Indenture is subject to the mandatory provisions of the TIA which are incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture.  The following TIA terms have the following meanings:

 

“Commission” means the SEC.

 

“indenture securities” means the Securities.

 

“indenture security holder” means a Holder of a Security.

 

“indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture.

 

“indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee.

 

“obligor” on any series of Securities means the Company and any other obligor on such series of Securities.

 

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All other TIA terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined in the TIA by reference to another statute or defined by SEC rules promulgated under the TIA have the meanings assigned to them by such definitions.

 

Section 1.4                                    Rules of Construction.  Unless the context otherwise requires:

 

(1)                                 a term has the meaning assigned to it;

 

(2)                                 an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;

 

(3)                                 “or” is not exclusive;

 

(4)                                 “including” means including without limitation;

 

(5)                                 words in the singular include the plural and words in the plural include the singular; 7

 

(6)                                 “will” shall be interpreted to express a command;

 

(7)                                 except as otherwise provided in this Indenture, reference to sections or rules under any statute will be deemed to include substitute, replacement or successor sections or rules adopted thereunder from time to time;

 

(8)                                 the principal amount of any noninterest bearing or other discount security at any date shall be the principal amount thereof that would be shown on a balance sheet of the Company dated such date prepared in accordance with GAAP; and

 

(9)                                 provisions apply to successive events and transactions.

 

ARTICLE II

 

The Securities

 

Section 2.1                                    Form, Dating and Terms.

 

The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

 

The Securities may be issued in one or more series.  There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers’ Certificate of the Company or in a Company Order, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series:

 

(1)                                 the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from the Securities of all other series);

 

(2)                                 if there is to be a limit, the limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture

 

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(except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 2.8, 2.9, 2.13, 2.16, 5.7 or 9.5 and except for any Securities that, pursuant to Section 2.4 or 2.16, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder); provided, however, that unless otherwise provided in the terms of the series, the authorized aggregate principal amount of such series may be increased before or after the issuance of any Securities of the series by a Board Resolution (or action pursuant to a Board Resolution) to such effect;

 

(3)                                 the purchase price of the Securities, expressed as a percentage of the principal amount;

 

(4)                                 whether any Securities of the series are to be issuable initially in temporary global form and whether any Securities of the series are to be issuable in permanent global form, as Global Securities or otherwise, and, if so, whether beneficial owners of interests in any such Global Security may exchange such interests for Securities of such series and of like tenor of any authorized form and denomination and the circumstances under which any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner provided in Section 2.16, and the initial Depositary and Security Custodian, if any, for any Global Security or Securities of such series;

 

(5)                                 the manner in which any interest payable on a temporary Global Security on any Interest Payment Date will be paid if other than in the manner provided in Section 2.12;

 

(6)                                 the date or dates on which the principal of and premium (if any) on the Securities of the series is payable or the method of determination thereof;

 

(7)                                 the rate or rates, or the method of determination thereof, at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, whether and under what circumstances Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities shall be payable, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable and the record date for the interest payable on any Securities on any Interest Payment Date, or if other than provided herein, the Person to whom any interest on Securities of the series shall be payable and the basis upon which interest will be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;

 

(8)                                 the place or places where, subject to the provisions of Section 3.3, the principal of, premium (if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of the series shall be payable and the debt securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange;

 

(9)                                 the period or periods within which, the price or prices (whether denominated in cash, securities or otherwise) at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, if the Company is to have that option, and the manner in which the Company must exercise any such option, if different from those set forth herein;

 

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(10)                          [Reserved]

 

(11)                          the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, purchase or repay Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices (whether denominated in cash, securities or otherwise) at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, purchased or repaid in whole or in part pursuant to such obligation;

 

(12)                          if other than denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof, the denomination in which any Securities of that series shall be issuable;

 

(13)                          if other than Dollars, the currency or currencies (including composite currencies) or the form, including equity securities, other debt securities (including Securities), warrants or any other securities or property of the Company, or any other Person, in which payment of the principal of, premium (if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of the series shall be payable, and, if applicable, provisions to permit a pledge of obligations other than Government Securities and of money in such currency or currencies other than Dollars (or the establishment of other arrangements) to satisfy the requirements of Section 11.1 for satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series;

 

(14)                          if the principal of, premium (if any) or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of the series are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof, in a currency or currencies (including composite currencies) other than that in which the Securities are stated to be payable, the currency or currencies (including composite currencies) in which payment of the principal of, premium (if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities of such series as to which such election is made shall be payable, and the periods within which and the terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made;

 

(15)                          if the amount of payments of principal of, premium (if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of the series may be determined with reference to any commodities, currencies or indices, values, rates or prices or any other index or formula, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

 

(16)                          if other than the entire principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2;

 

(17)                          any additional means of satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture and any additional conditions or limitations to discharge with respect to Securities of the series pursuant to Article VIII or any modifications of or deletions from such conditions or limitations;

 

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(18)                          any deletions or modifications of or additions to the Events of Default set forth in Section 6.1 or covenants of the Company set forth in Article III pertaining to the Securities of the series;

 

(19)                          any restrictions or other provisions with respect to the transfer or exchange of Securities of the series, which may amend, supplement, modify or supersede those contained in this Article II;

 

(20)                          if the Securities of the series are to be convertible into or exchangeable for capital stock, other debt securities (including Securities), warrants, other equity securities or any other securities or property of the Company, or any other Person, at the option of the Company or the Holder or upon the occurrence of any condition or event, the terms and conditions for such conversion or exchange;

 

(21)                          if applicable, that the Securities of the series, in whole or any specified part, shall not be defeasible pursuant to Section 8.2 or Section 8.3 or both such Sections, and, if such Securities may be defeased, in whole or in part, pursuant to either or both such Sections, any provisions to permit a pledge of obligations other than Government Securities (or the establishment of other arrangements) to satisfy the requirements of Section 8.4(1) for defeasance of such Securities and, if other than by a Board Resolution of the Company, the manner in which any election by the Company to defease such Securities shall be evidenced; and

 

(22)                          any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be prohibited by the provisions of this Indenture).

 

All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to the Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section 2.3) set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in the Officers’ Certificate or Company Order referred to above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.  All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for issuances of additional Securities of that series.

 

If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action, together with such Board Resolution, shall be set forth in an Officers’ Certificate and the Board Resolution shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate or Company Order setting forth the terms of the series.

 

Section 2.2                                    Denominations.  The Securities of each series shall be issuable in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by Section 2.1.  In the absence of any such provisions with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of such series denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiples of $1,000 thereof.

 

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Section 2.3                                    Forms Generally.  The Securities of each series shall be in fully registered form and in substantially such form or forms (including temporary or permanent global form) established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto.  The Securities may have notations, legends or endorsements required by law, securities exchange rule, the Company’s certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other similar governing documents, agreements to which the Company is subject, if any, or usage (provided that any such notation, legend or endorsement is in a form acceptable to the Company).  A copy of the Board Resolution establishing the form or forms of Securities of any series shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate or Company Order contemplated by Section 2.4 for the authentication and delivery of such Securities.

 

The definitive Securities of each series shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the Officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution thereof.

 

The Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following form:

 

“This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

 

 

	
Date:
    	
 
    	
 
    	
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, as Trustee
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
By:
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    	
Authorized Signatory”
    

 

Section 2.4                                    Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.  One Officer of the Company shall sign the Securities on behalf of the Company by manual or facsimile signature.

 

If an Officer of the Company whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security, is authenticated, the Security shall be valid nevertheless.

 

A Security shall not be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose until authenticated by the manual signature of an authorized signatory of the Trustee, which signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security has been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company delivers such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 2.11, together with a written statement (which need not comply with Section 12.5 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

 

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At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver such Securities for original issue upon a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities or pursuant to such procedures acceptable to the Trustee as may be specified from time to time by Company Order.  Such order shall specify the amount of the Securities to be authenticated, the date on which the original issue of Securities is to be authenticated, the name or names of the initial Holder or Holders and any other terms of the Securities of such series not otherwise determined.

 

If the form or terms of the Securities of the series have been established in or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by Section 2.1, in authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall receive (in addition to the Company Order referred to above and the other documents required by Section 12.4), and (subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in conclusively relying upon:

 

(a)                                 a certified Board Resolution and, if applicable, an appropriate record of any action taken pursuant thereto, as contemplated by the last paragraph of Section 2.1; and

 

(b)                                 an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that:

 

(i)                                     the form of such Securities has been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

 

(ii)                                  the terms of such Securities have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

 

(iii)                               that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except as the enforceability thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance or transfer or other similar laws in effect from time to time affecting the rights of creditors generally, and the application of general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law); and

 

(iv)                              that all conditions precedent to the authorization of the Securities provided for in this Indenture have been met.

 

The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken or if the issuance of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture would affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

 

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The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities.  Unless limited by the terms of such appointment, any such authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so.  Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent.  An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company, or an Affiliate of the Company.

 

Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

 

Section 2.5                                    Registrar and Paying Agent.  The Company shall maintain an office or agency for each series of Securities where Securities of such series may be presented for registration of transfer or for exchange (the “Registrar”) and an office or agency where Securities of such series may be presented for payment (the “Paying Agent”).  The Company shall cause each of the Registrar and the Paying Agent to maintain an office or agency in the United States of America.  The Registrar shall keep a register of the Securities and of their transfer and exchange (the “Securities Register”).  The Company may have one or more co-registrars and one or more additional paying agents.  The term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent.

 

The Company shall enter into an appropriate agency agreement with any Registrar, Paying Agent or co-registrar not a party to this Indenture, which shall incorporate the terms of the TIA.  The agreement shall implement the provisions of this Indenture that relate to such agent.  The Company shall notify the Trustee of the name and address of each such agent.  If the Company fails to maintain a Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee shall act as such and shall be entitled to appropriate compensation therefor pursuant to Section 7.7.  The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may act as Paying Agent, Registrar, co-registrar or transfer agent.

 

The Company initially appoints the Trustee as Registrar and Paying Agent for the Securities.

 

Section 2.6                                    Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.  By no later than 11:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the date on which any amount or Additional Amounts, if any, in respect of any Security is due and payable, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent a sum sufficient in immediately available funds to pay such amount or Additional Amounts, if any, when due.  The Company shall require each Paying Agent (other than the Trustee) to agree in writing that such Paying Agent shall hold in trust for the benefit of the applicable Holders or the Trustee all money held by such Paying Agent for the payment of such amount and Additional Amounts, if any, on the applicable Securities and shall notify the Trustee in writing of any default by the Company in making any such payment.  If the Company or a Subsidiary acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate the money held by it as Paying Agent and hold it as a separate trust fund.  The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent (other than the Trustee) to pay all money held by it to the Trustee and to account for any funds disbursed by such Paying Agent.  Upon complying with this Section 2.6, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary) shall have no further liability for the money delivered to the Trustee.  Upon any bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding with respect to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Securities.

 

14

 

Section 2.7                                    Holder Lists.  The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Holders.  If the Trustee is not the Registrar with respect to a series of Securities, or to the extent otherwise required under the TIA, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee, in writing at least five Business Days before each interest payment date with respect to such series of Securities and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of Holders of such series.

 

Section 2.8                                    Transfer and Exchange.  Except as set forth in Section 2.16 or as may be provided pursuant to Section 2.1, when Securities of any series are presented to the Registrar with the request to register the transfer of those Securities or to exchange those Securities for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same series of like tenor and of other authorized denominations, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange as requested if its requirements and the requirements of this Indenture for those transactions are met; provided, however, that the Securities presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange shall be duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instruction of transfer in form reasonably satisfactory to the Registrar duly executed by the Holder thereof or by his attorney, duly authorized in writing, on which instruction the Registrar can conclusively rely.

 

Except as set forth in Section 2.16 or as may be provided pursuant to Section 2.1, to permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Company shall execute Securities and the Trustee shall authenticate such Securities at the Registrar’s written request and upon submission of the Securities.  No service charge shall be made to a Holder for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable on exchanges pursuant to Section 2.13, 5.7 or 9.5).  The Trustee shall authenticate Securities in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.4.  Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture to the contrary, the Company shall not be required to register the transfer or exchange of (a) any Security selected for redemption in whole or in part pursuant to Article V, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part, (b) any Security during the period beginning 15 Business Days before the delivery of notice of any offer to repurchase Securities of the series required pursuant to the terms thereof or of redemption of Securities of a series to be redeemed and ending at the close of business on the date of such delivery, (c) any Security between a record date and the next succeeding Interest Payment Date or (d) any Security which has been surrendered for repayment at the option of a Holder, except the portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid.

 

Section 2.9                                    Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Wrongfully Taken Securities.  If a mutilated Security is surrendered to the Registrar or if the Holder of a Security claims that the Security has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the Company shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate a replacement Security with respect to such series if the requirements of Section 8-405 of the Uniform Commercial Code are met, such that the Holder (a) satisfies the Company or the Trustee within a reasonable time after such Holder has notice of such loss, destruction or wrongful taking and the Registrar does not register a transfer prior to receiving such notification, (b) makes such request to the Company or Trustee prior to the Security being acquired by a protected purchaser as defined in Section 8-303 of the Uniform Commercial Code (a “protected

 

15

 

purchaser”) and (c) satisfies any other reasonable requirements of the Trustee.  Such Holder shall furnish an indemnity bond sufficient in the judgment of the Company and the Trustee to protect the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent, the Registrar and any co-registrar from any loss which any of them may suffer if a Security is replaced, and, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a protected purchaser, the Company shall execute and, upon a Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in exchange for any such mutilated Security or in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security, a new Security of like tenor and principal amount, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

 

In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security of such series, pay such Security.

 

Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section 2.9, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) in connection therewith.

 

Every new Security issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company and any other obligor upon the Securities of such series, whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of such series duly issued hereunder.

 

The provisions of this Section 2.9 are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Securities.

 

Section 2.10                             Outstanding Securities.  Securities outstanding at any time are all Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those paid pursuant to Section 2.9 and those described in this Section 2.10 as not outstanding.  A Security ceases to be outstanding in the event the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company holds the Security, provided, however, that (i) for purposes of determining which are outstanding for consent or voting purposes hereunder, the provisions of Section 12.6 shall apply and (ii) in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in making a determination whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities are present at a meeting of Holders of Securities for quorum purposes or have consented to or voted in favor of any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, amendment or modification hereunder, or relying upon any such quorum, consent or vote, only Securities which a Trust Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be held by the Company or an Affiliate of the Company shall not be considered outstanding.

 

If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.9, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee and the Company receive proof satisfactory to them that the replaced Security is held by a protected purchaser.

 

16

 

If the Paying Agent segregates and holds in trust, in accordance with this Indenture, on a Redemption Date or maturity date money sufficient to pay all amounts and Additional Amounts, if any, payable on that date with respect to the Securities (or portions thereof) to be redeemed or maturing, as the case may be, and the Paying Agent is not prohibited from paying such money to the Holders on that date pursuant to the terms of this Indenture, then on and after that date such Securities (or portions thereof) cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.

 

Section 2.11                             Cancellation.  The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation.  The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment.  The Trustee and no one else shall cancel all Securities surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment or cancellation and dispose of such Securities in accordance with its internal policies (subject to the record retention requirements of the Exchange Act), and certification of their cancellation shall be delivered to the Company promptly upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Request.  The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation for any reason other than in connection with a transfer or exchange.

 

Section 2.12                             Payment of Interest; Defaulted Interest.  Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1  with respect to the Securities of any series, interest and Additional Amounts, if any, on any Security of such series which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any interest payment date shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Security (or one or more predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular record date for such interest at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose pursuant to Section 2.8.

 

Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1  with respect to the Securities of any series, any interest and Additional Amounts, if any, on any Security of such series which is payable, but is not paid when the same becomes due and payable and such nonpayment continues for a period of 30 days shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the regular record date, and such defaulted interest and (to the extent lawful) interest on such defaulted interest at the rate provided for in the Securities therefor (such defaulted interest and interest thereon herein collectively called “Defaulted Interest”) shall be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (a) or (b) below:

 

(a)                                 The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities (or their respective predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date (as defined below) for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner.  The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security and the date (not less than 30 days after such notice) of the proposed payment (the “Special Interest Payment Date”), and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided.  Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a

 

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record date (the “Special Record Date”) for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which date shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the Special Interest Payment Date and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment.  The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date, and in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date and Special Interest Payment Date therefor to be given in the manner provided for in Section 12.2, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date.  Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date and Special Interest Payment Date therefor having been so given, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid on the Special Interest Payment Date to the Persons in whose names the Securities (or their respective predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (b).

 

(b)                                 The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

 

(c)                                  The Trustee shall not at any time be under any duty or responsibility to any Holder to determine the Defaulted Interest, or with respect to the nature, extent, or calculation of the amount of Defaulted Interest owed, or with respect to the method employed in such calculation of the Defaulted Interest.

 

Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.12, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of, transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest and Additional Amounts, if any, each as accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

 

Section 2.13                             Temporary Securities.  Until definitive Securities of any series are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities of such series.  Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities, but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities.  Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate definitive Securities in exchange for temporary Securities.  Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities.

 

Section 2.14                             Persons Deemed Owners.  The Company, the Trustee, any Agent and any authenticating agent may treat the Person in whose name any Security is registered as the owner of that Security for the purpose of receiving payments of principal of, premium (if any) or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, that Security and for all other purposes.  None of the Company, the Trustee, any Agent or any authenticating agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

 

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Section 2.15                             Computation of Interest.  Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1 with respect to the Securities of any series, interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

 

Section 2.16                             Global Securities; Book-Entry Provisions.  If Securities of a series are issuable in global form as a Global Security, as contemplated by Section 2.1, then, notwithstanding clause (12) of Section 2.1 and the provisions of Section 2.2, any such Global Security shall represent those of the outstanding Securities of that series as shall be specified therein and may provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of outstanding Securities of that series from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount of outstanding Securities of that series represented thereby may from time to time be reduced or increased, as appropriate, to reflect exchanges, transfers or redemptions.  Any endorsement of a Global Security to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, of outstanding Securities of that series represented thereby shall be made by the Trustee (i) in such manner and upon instructions given by such Person or Persons as shall be specified in that Security or in a Company Order to be delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.4 or (ii) otherwise in accordance with written instructions or such other written form of instructions as is customary for the Depositary for that Security, from that Depositary or its nominee on behalf of any Person having a beneficial interest in that Global Security.  Subject to the provisions of Section 2.4 and, if applicable, Section 2.13, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon written instructions given by the Person or Persons specified in that Security or in the applicable Company Order.  With respect to the Securities of any series that are represented by a Global Security, the Company authorizes the execution and delivery by the Depositary appointed with respect to that Global Security.  Any Global Security may be deposited with the Depositary or its nominee, or may remain in the custody of the Trustee or the Security Custodian, as custodian for the Depositary.

 

Members of, or participants in, the Depositary (“Agent Members”) shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global Security held on their behalf by the Depositary, or the Trustee or the Security Custodian as its custodian, or under that Global Security, and the Depositary may be treated by the Company, the Trustee or the Security Custodian and any agent of the Company, the Trustee or the Security Custodian as the absolute owner of that Global Security for all purposes whatsoever.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the registered holder of a Global Security of any series may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including Agent Members and Persons that may hold interests through Agent Members, to take any action that a Holder of Securities of that series is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities of that series and (ii) nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee or the Security Custodian or any agent of the Company, the Trustee, or the Security Custodian from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary or shall impair, as between the Depositary and its Agent Members, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of a beneficial owner of any Security.

 

Notwithstanding Section 2.8, and except as otherwise provided pursuant to Section 2.1, transfers of a Global Security shall be limited to transfers of that Global Security in whole, but not in part, to the Depositary, its successors or their respective nominees.  Interests of beneficial owners in a Global Security may be transferred in accordance with the rules and

 

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procedures of the Depositary.  Securities of any series shall be transferred to all beneficial owners of a Global Security of that series in exchange for their beneficial interests in that Global Security if, and only if, either (1) the Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as depositary for such Global Security or the Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, at a time when the Depositary is required to be so registered in order to act as depositary, and, in either case, a successor depositary is not appointed by the Company within 90 days of such notice, (2) the Company, at its option, notifies the Trustee in writing that it elects to cause the issuance of definitive Securities or (3) a Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to the Securities.

 

In connection with any transfer of a portion of the beneficial interests in a Global Security to beneficial owners pursuant to this Section 2.16, the Registrar shall reflect on its books and records the date and a decrease in the principal amount of the Global Security in an amount equal to the principal amount of the beneficial interest in the Global Security to be transferred, and the Company shall execute and the Trustee on receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of Securities shall authenticate and deliver, one or more Securities of the same series of like tenor and amount.

 

In connection with the transfer of all the beneficial interests in a Global Security of any series to beneficial owners pursuant to this Section 2.16, the Global Security shall be deemed to be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation, and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, to each beneficial owner identified by the Depositary in exchange for its beneficial interest in the Global Security, an equal aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series of authorized denominations.

 

Neither the Company, nor the Trustee will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to, or payments made on account of, Securities by the Depositary, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records of the Depositary relating to those Securities, or for any other actions taken or not taken by the Depositary.  Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be liable for any delay by the related Global Security Holder or the Depositary in identifying the beneficial owners, and each such Person may conclusively rely on, and shall be protected in conclusively relying on, instructions from that Global Security Holder or the Depositary for all purposes (including with respect to the registration and delivery, and the respective principal amounts, of the Securities to be issued).

 

The provisions of the last sentence of the third paragraph of Section 2.4 shall apply to any Global Security if that Global Security was never issued and sold by the Company and the Company delivers to the Trustee the Global Security together with written instructions (which need not comply with Section 12.5 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) with regard to the cancellation or reduction in the principal amount of Securities represented thereby, together with the written statement contemplated by the last sentence of the third paragraph of Section 2.4.

 

Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 2.3 and 2.12, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.1 with respect to Securities of any series, payment of principal of and premium (if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any Global Security shall be made to the Person or Persons specified therein.

 

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Section 2.17                             CUSIP Numbers, Etc.  The Company in issuing the Securities of any series may use CUSIP numbers (if then generally in use) and, if so, the Trustee shall use CUSIP, ISIN and Common Code numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders of Securities of such series; provided, however, that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities of such series or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities of such series, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers.  The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of any change in the CUSIP, ISIN and Common Code numbers.

 

Section 2.18                             Original Issue Discount and Foreign-Currency Denominated Securities.  In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of outstanding Securities have concurred in any direction, amendment, supplement, waiver or consent, unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1 with respect to the Securities of any series, (a) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security of such series shall be the principal amount thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of that determination upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2, and (b) the principal amount of a Security of such series denominated in a foreign currency shall be the Dollar equivalent, as determined by the Company by reference to the noon buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers for that currency, as that rate is certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the “Exchange Rate”) on the date of original issuance of that Security, of the principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the Dollar equivalent, as determined by the Company by reference to the Exchange Rate on the date of original issuance of that Security, of the amount determined as provided in (a) above), of that Security.

 

ARTICLE III

 

Covenants

 

Section 3.1                                    Payment of Securities.  The Company shall promptly pay no later than 10:00 a.m. New York City time the principal of, premium, if any, on, and interest and Additional Amounts, if any, on the Securities on the dates and in the manner provided in the Securities and in this Indenture.  Principal, premium, if any, interest and Additional Amounts, if any, shall be considered paid on the date due if on such date the Trustee or the Paying Agent holds in accordance with this Indenture immediately available funds sufficient to pay all principal, premium and interest and Additional Amounts, if any, then due and the Trustee or Paying Agent, as the case may be, is not prohibited from paying money to the Holders on that date pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.

 

The Company shall pay interest on overdue principal at the rate specified therefor in the Securities, and it shall pay interest on overdue installments of interest at the same rate to the extent lawful.

 

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Indenture, the Company may, to the extent it is required to do so by law, deduct or withhold income or other

 

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similar taxes imposed by the United States of America from principal or interest payments hereunder.

 

Section 3.2                                    Reports.  So long as the Securities of any series are outstanding, the Company shall:

 

(1)                                 furnish to the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company files the same with the SEC, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company files with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, that any such information, document or report filed with the SEC pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval (or EDGAR) system or any successor thereto shall be deemed to be filed with the Trustee; provided, however, that the Trustee shall have no responsibility whatsoever to determine whether such filing has occurred; and

 

(2)                                 comply with the other provisions of TIA § 314(a);

 

provided that, the delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers’ Certificates).

 

Section 3.3                                    Maintenance of Office or Agency.  The Company will maintain in the United States of America an office or agency for any series of Securities where such Securities may be presented or surrendered for payment, where, if applicable, the Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served.  The designated corporate trust office of the Trustee at the address of the Trustee specified in Section 12.2 hereof, or such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company, or the designated corporate trust office of any successor Trustee, or such other address as such successor Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company (the “Corporate Trust Office”) shall be such office or agency of the Company, unless the Company shall designate and maintain some other office or agency for one or more of such purposes.  The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any change in the location of any such office or agency.  If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

 

The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind any such designation; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in the United States of America for such purposes.  The

 

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Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and any change in the location of any such other office or agency.

 

Section 3.4                                    Corporate Existence.  Subject to Article IV, the Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence.  This Section 3.4 shall not prohibit or restrict the Company from converting into a different form of legal entity.

 

Section 3.5                                    Compliance Certificate.  The Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year (beginning with the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2014) of the Company an Officers’ Certificate, one of the signatories of which shall be the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer or the principal accounting officer of the Company, stating that in the course of the performance by the signers of their duties as Officers of the Company they would normally have knowledge of any Default or Event of Default and whether or not the signers know of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during such period.  If they do, the certificate shall describe the Default or Event of Default, its status and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.  The Company also shall comply with TIA § 314(a)(4).

 

Section 3.6                                    Statement by Officers as to Default.  So long as Securities of any series are outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee, as soon as possible and in any event within 30 days after the occurrence of any Event of Default or Default with respect to that series an Officers’ Certificate setting forth the details of such Event of Default or Default and the action which the Company is taking or proposes to take in respect thereof.

 

Section 3.7                                    Additional Amounts.  If the Securities of a series expressly provide for the payment of Additional Amounts, the Company will pay to the Holder of any Security of that series Additional Amounts as expressly provided therein.  Whenever in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on, or in respect of, any Security of any series or the net proceeds received from the sale or exchange of any Security of any series, that mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional Amounts provided for in this Section 3.7 to the extent that, in that context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in respect thereof pursuant to the provisions of this Section 3.7, and express mention of the payment of Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any provisions hereof shall not be construed as excluding Additional Amounts in those provisions hereof where that express mention is not made.

 

Unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section 2.1 with respect to Securities of any series, if the Securities of a series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts, at least ten days prior to the first Interest Payment Date with respect to that series of Securities (or if the Securities of that series will not bear interest prior to Maturity, the first day on which a payment of principal and any premium is made), and at least ten days prior to each date of payment of principal and any premium or interest if there has been any change with respect to the matters set forth in the below-mentioned Officers’ Certificate, the Company shall furnish the Trustee and the Company’s principal Paying Agent or Paying Agents, if other than the Trustee, with an Officers’ Certificate instructing the Trustee and such Paying Agent or Paying Agents whether that payment of principal of and any premium or interest on the Securities of that series shall be made

 

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to Holders of Securities of that series who are not United States persons without withholding for or on account of any tax, assessment or other governmental charge described in the Securities of that series.  If any such withholding shall be required, then that Officers’ Certificate shall specify by country the amount, if any, required to be withheld on those payments to those Holders of Securities, and the Company will pay to that Paying Agent the Additional Amounts required by this Section.  The Company covenants to indemnify the Trustee and any Paying Agent for and to hold them harmless against any loss, liability or expense reasonably incurred without negligence or bad faith on their part arising out of or in connection with actions taken or omitted by any of them in reliance on any Officers’ Certificate furnished pursuant to this Section 3.7.

 

Section 3.8                                    Calculation of Original Issue Discount.  If the Securities are issued with original issue discount, the Company shall file with the Trustee promptly at the end of each calendar year (i) a written notice specifying the amount of original issue discount (including daily rates and accrual periods) accrued on Outstanding Securities as of the end of such year and (ii) such other specific information relating to such original issue discount as may then be relevant under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

 

ARTICLE IV

 

Successors

 

Section 4.1                                    Merger, Consolidation or Sale of Assets.  The Company shall not consolidate or combine with or merge with or into or, directly or indirectly, sell, assign (excluding any assignment solely as collateral for security purposes under a credit facility but not any outright assignment upon the foreclosure of any such collateral), convey, lease, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets to any Person or Persons in a single transaction or through a series of related transactions, unless:

 

(1)                                 the Company shall be the successor or continuing Person or, if the Company is not the successor or continuing Person, the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (the “Surviving Entity”) is a company organized and existing under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia that expressly assumes all of the Company’s obligations under the Securities and this Indenture pursuant to a supplement hereto executed and delivered to the Trustee;

 

(2)                                 immediately after giving effect to such transaction or series of related transactions, no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; and

 

(3)                                 the Company or the Surviving Entity shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and Opinion of Counsel stating that the transaction or series of related transactions and any supplement hereto complies with the terms of this Indenture and constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company or the Surviving Entity, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms.

 

If any consolidation or merger or any sale, assignment, conveyance, lease, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets occurs in accordance with the terms hereof, the Surviving Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise

 

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every right and power of the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such Surviving Entity had been named as the Company.  The Company shall (except in the case of a lease) be discharged from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and any Securities issued hereunder, and may be liquidated and dissolved.

 

ARTICLE V

 

Redemption of Securities

 

Section 5.1                                    Applicability of Article.  Redemption of Securities at the election of the Company or otherwise, as permitted or required by any provision of this Indenture, shall be made in accordance with such provision and (except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1 with respect to the Securities of any series) this Article V.

 

Section 5.2                                    Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.  In case of any redemption of any series of Securities at the election of the Company, the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing at least 45 days prior to such Redemption Date (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) and of the principal amount of Securities to be redeemed and (except in the case of Global Securities) shall deliver to the Trustee such documentation and records as shall enable the Trustee to select the Securities of such series to be redeemed pursuant to Section 5.3.

 

Section 5.3                                    Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed.  If fewer than all of the Securities of any series are to be redeemed at any time, subject to applicable law, Securities of any series shall be selected for redemption as follows:

 

(1)                                 if the Securities are not Global Securities and are listed on any national securities exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange on which the Securities are listed; or

 

(2)                                 if the Securities are Global Securities, in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary which, as of the date hereof, is DTC.

 

Section 5.4                                    Notice of Redemption.  Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided for in Section 12.2 not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, except that redemption notices may be given more than 60 days prior to a Redemption Date if such notice is issued in connection with a defeasance of the Securities or a satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture.  Notice of any redemption may, at the Company’s discretion, be subject to one or more conditions precedent.  The Trustee shall give notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at the Company’s expense; provided, however, that the Company shall deliver to the Trustee, at least 45 days prior to the Redemption Date (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), an Officers’ Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice at the Company’s expense and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the following items.

 

All notices of redemption shall state:

 

(1)                                 the Redemption Date;

 

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(2)                                 the redemption price (as calculated by the Company) and the amount of accrued interest and Additional Amounts, if any, to the Redemption Date payable as provided in Section 5.6;

 

(3)                                 if less than all outstanding Securities are to be redeemed, the identification of the particular Securities (or portion thereof) to be redeemed, as well as the aggregate principal amount of Securities to be redeemed and the aggregate principal amount of Securities to be outstanding after such partial redemption;

 

(4)                                 in case any Securities are is to be redeemed in part only, the notice which relates to such Securities shall state that on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Securities, the Holder will receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed;

 

(5)                                 that on the Redemption Date the redemption price (and accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date payable as provided in Section 5.6) will become due and payable upon each such Security, or the portion thereof, to be redeemed, and, unless the Company defaults in making the redemption payment, that interest and Additional Amounts, if any, on Securities (or the portions thereof) called for redemption will cease to accrue on and after said date;

 

(6)                                 the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any;

 

(7)                                 the name and address of the Paying Agent;

 

(8)                                 that Securities called for redemption (other than a Global Security) must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;

 

(9)                                 the CUSIP, ISIN or Common Code number, and may state that no representation is made as to the accuracy or correctness of the CUSIP, ISIN or Common Code number, if any, listed in such notice or printed on the Securities; and

 

(10)                          the section of this Indenture and the paragraph of the Securities pursuant to which the Securities are to be redeemed.

 

Any redemption and notice thereof pursuant to this Indenture may, in the Company’s discretion, be subject to the satisfaction of one or more conditions.

 

Section 5.5                                    Deposit of Redemption Price.  Not later than 10:00 a.m. New York City time on the Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 2.6) an amount of money sufficient to pay the redemption price of, and accrued interest and Additional Amounts, if any, on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.

 

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Section 5.6                                    Securities Payable on Redemption Date.  Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, unless the notice of redemption is subject to one or more conditions precedent which have not been satisfied, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the redemption price therein specified (together with accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Amounts, if any, to the Redemption Date), and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the redemption price and accrued interest and Additional Amounts, if any) such Securities shall cease to bear interest and Additional Amounts, if any.  Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the redemption price, together with accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Amounts, if any, to the Redemption Date (subject to the rights of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest and Additional Amounts, if any, due on an interest payment date that is on or prior to the Redemption Date; provided however, if a Security is redeemed or purchased on or after a record date but on or prior to the related Interest Payment Date, then any accrued and unpaid interest shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Security was registered at the close of business on such record date).

 

If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall, until paid, bear interest and Additional Amounts, if any, from the Redemption Date at the rate borne by the Securities.

 

Section 5.7                                    Securities Redeemed in Part.  Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part (pursuant to the provisions of this Article V) shall be surrendered at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose pursuant to Section 2.5 (with, if the Company or the Trustee so require, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or such Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery to the Holder of such Security at the expense of the Company, a new Security or Securities, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in an aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered, provided that each such new Security will be in a principal amount of $1,000 or integral multiple thereof (or such other denominations as shall be authorized pursuant to Section 2.1).  No Securities of $1,000 or less may be redeemed in part.

 

ARTICLE VI

 

Defaults and Remedies

 

Section 6.1                                    Events of Default.  Unless either inapplicable to a particular series or specifically deleted or modified in or pursuant to the supplemental indenture, Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or Company Order establishing such series of Securities or in the form of Security for such series, each of the following constitutes an “Event of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any series:

 

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(1)                                 the failure to pay any installment of interest or any Additional Amounts on any Security of that series when the same becomes due and payable and the default continues for a period of 30 days;

 

(2)                                 the failure to pay the principal of or any premium on any Security of that series, when such principal becomes due and payable, at its Stated Maturity, upon redemption or otherwise;

 

(3)                                 a default in the observance or performance of any other covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture applicable to the Securities of that series or in the Securities of that series which default continues for a period of 60 days after the Company receives written notice specifying the default (and demanding that such default be remedied) from the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% of the outstanding principal amount of the Securities of that series (except in the case of a default with respect to Section 4.1, which will constitute an Event of Default with such notice requirement but without such passage of time requirement);

 

(4)                                 the failure to pay at final maturity (giving effect to any applicable grace periods and any extensions thereof) the stated principal amount of any Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, or the acceleration of the final stated maturity of any such Indebtedness (which acceleration is not rescinded, annulled or otherwise cured within 20 days of receipt by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary of notice of any such acceleration) if the aggregate principal amount of such Indebtedness, together with the principal amount of any other such Indebtedness in default for failure to pay principal at final stated maturity or which has been accelerated (in each case with respect to which the 20-day period described above has elapsed), aggregates $50.0 million or more at any time;

 

(5)                                 one or more judgments in an aggregate amount in excess of $50.0 million shall have been rendered against the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries and such judgments remain undischarged, unpaid or unstayed for a period of 60 days after such judgment or judgments become final and non-appealable;

 

(6)                                 the Company or any Significant Subsidiary, or any group of subsidiaries that, taken as a whole, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary of the Company:

 

(i)                                     commences a voluntary case under any Bankruptcy Law,

 

(ii)                                  consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,

 

(iii)                               consents to the appointment of a custodian or receiver of it or for all or substantially all of its property,

 

(iv)                              makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or

 

(v)                                 admits in writing its inability to pay its debts as they become due; or

 

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(7)                                 a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:

 

(i)                                     is for relief in an involuntary case against the Company or any Significant Subsidiary, or any group of subsidiaries, that taken as a whole, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary, of the Company;

 

(ii)                                  appoints a custodian or receiver of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary, or any group of subsidiaries, that taken as a whole, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary, of the Company or for all or substantially all of the property of any of the foregoing;

 

(iii)                               orders the liquidation of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries, or any group of subsidiaries, that taken as a whole, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary, of the Company; and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 consecutive days;

 

(8)                                 the Company fails to deposit any sinking fund payment, when due, in respect of any Security of that series; or

 

(9)                                 any other Event of Default provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the applicable prospectus supplement with respect to Securities of that series.

 

Section 6.2                                    Acceleration.  Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1 with respect to the Securities of such series, if any Event of Default with respect to any Securities of such series at the time outstanding (other than those of the type described in clause (6) or (7) of Section 6.1) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may, and at the written direction of the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of outstanding Securities of such series shall, declare the principal of all the Securities of that series, together with all accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Amounts, if any, and premium, if any, to be due and payable immediately by notice in writing to the Company and the Trustee specifying the respective Event of Default and that such notice is a notice of acceleration, and the same shall become immediately due and payable.

 

Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1 with respect to the Securities of any series, in the case of an Event of Default with respect to such series specified in clause (6) or (7) of Section 6.1 hereof, all outstanding Securities of such series shall become due and payable immediately without further action or notice by the Trustee or the Holders.  Holders may not enforce this Indenture or the Securities except as provided in this Indenture.

 

Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1 with respect to the Securities of any series, at any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to the Securities of such series, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of that series then outstanding (by written notice to the Trustee) may, on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of that series, rescind and cancel such declaration and its consequences if:

 

(1)                                 the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction;

 

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(2)                                 all existing Defaults and Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series have been cured or waived except nonpayment of principal of or interest on the Securities of that series that has become due solely by reason of such declaration of acceleration;

 

(3)                                 to the extent the payment of such interest is lawful, interest (at the same rate specified in the Securities of such series) on overdue installments of interest and Additional Amounts, if any, and overdue payments of principal which has become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration has been paid;

 

(4)                                 the Company has paid the Trustee its compensation and reimbursed the Trustee for its expenses, disbursements and advances; and

 

(5)                                 in the event of the cure or waiver of an Event of Default of the type described in clause (6) or (7) of Section 6.1, the Trustee has received an Officers’ Certificate and Opinion of Counsel that such Event of Default has been cured or waived.

 

Section 6.3                                    Other Remedies.  If an Event of Default with respect to any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on the Securities of such series or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Securities of such series or this Indenture with respect to such series.

 

The Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Securities or does not produce any of them in the proceeding.  A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Holder in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default.  No remedy is exclusive of any other remedy.  All available remedies are cumulative.

 

Section 6.4                                    Waiver of Past Defaults.  Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1 with respect to the Securities of any series, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of such series by written notice to the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series, (a) waive, by their consent (including, without limitation consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities of such series), an existing Default or Event of Default, with respect to such series and its consequences or compliance with any provisions except (i) a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on a Security of such series or (ii) a Default or Event of Default in respect of a provision that under Section 9.2 cannot be amended without the consent of each Holder affected and (b) rescind any such acceleration with respect to the Securities of such series and its consequences if rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction.  When a Default or Event of Default is waived, it is deemed cured, but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any consequent right.

 

Section 6.5                                    Control by Majority.  With respect to Securities of any series, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series may direct the time,

 

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method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or of exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee.  However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or this Indenture or, subject to Sections 7.1 and 7.2, that the Trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of the other Holders or would involve the Trustee in personal liability.  Prior to taking any action hereunder, the Trustee shall be entitled to indemnification satisfactory to it in its sole discretion against all losses and expenses caused by taking or not taking such action.

 

Section 6.6                                    Limitation on Suits.  Subject to Section 6.7, a Holder of a Security of any series may not pursue any remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Securities of such series unless:

 

(1)                                 such Holder has previously given to the Trustee written notice stating that an Event of Default is continuing with respect to such series;

 

(2)                                 Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series have requested in writing that the Trustee pursue the remedy;

 

(3)                                 such Holders have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense;

 

(4)                                 the Trustee has not complied with such request within 60 days after receipt of the request and the offer of security or indemnity; and

 

(5)                                 the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series have not given the Trustee a direction that, in the opinion of the Trustee, is inconsistent with such request within such 60-day period.

 

A Holder may not use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder (it being understood that the Trustee does not have an affirmative duty to ascertain whether or not such actions or forbearances are unduly prejudicial to such Holders).

 

Section 6.7                                    Rights of Holders to Receive Payment.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture (including, without limitation, Section 6.6), the right of any Holder to receive payment of principal of, premium (if any) or interest or Additional Amounts, if any, when due on the Securities held by such Holder, on or after the respective due dates expressed in the Securities, or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder.

 

Section 6.8                                    Collection Suit by Trustee.  If an Event of Default specified in clauses (1) or (2) of Section 6.1 occurs and is continuing with respect to Securities of any series, the Trustee may recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an express trust against the Company for the whole amount then due and owing (together with interest on any unpaid interest to the extent lawful) with respect to such series and the amounts provided for in Section 7.7.

 

Section 6.9                                    Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.  The Trustee may file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the

 

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claims of the Trustee and the Holders allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company, its Subsidiaries or its or their respective creditors or properties and, unless prohibited by law or applicable regulations, may vote on behalf of the Holders in any election of a trustee in bankruptcy or other Person performing similar functions, and any Custodian in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and its counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7.  To the extent that the payment of any such compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7 hereof out of the estate in any such proceeding, shall be denied for any reason, payment of the same shall be secured by a Lien on, and shall be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities and other properties that the Holders may be entitled to receive in such proceeding whether in liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise.  Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

 

Section 6.10                             Priorities.  If the Trustee collects any money or property pursuant to this Article VI, it shall pay out the money or property in the following order:

 

FIRST: to the Trustee and its counsel for amounts due under this Indenture, including payment of all compensation, expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and the costs and expenses of collection;

 

SECOND: to Holders for amounts due and unpaid on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, for principal, premium, if any, and interest and Additional Amounts, if any, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal, premium, if any, and interest and Additional Amounts, if any, respectively; and

 

THIRD: to the Company or to such other party as a court of competent jurisdiction may direct.

 

The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Holders pursuant to this Section 6.10.  At least 15 days before such record date, the Company shall deliver to each Holder and the Trustee a notice that states the record date, the payment date and amount to be paid.

 

Section 6.11                             Undertaking for Costs.  In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, against any party litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by the party litigant.  This Section 6.11 does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by the Company, a suit

 

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by a Holder pursuant to Section 6.7 or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in outstanding principal amount of the Securities of any series.

 

ARTICLE VII

 

Trustee

 

Section 7.1                                    Duties of Trustee.  (a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent Person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such Person’s own affairs; provided that if an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise the rights or powers under this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity or security against loss, liability or expense satisfactory to the Trustee in its sole discretion.

 

(b)                                 Except during the continuance of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of any series:

 

(1)                                 the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and the Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

 

(2)                                 in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates, opinions or orders furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture.  However, in the case of any such certificates or opinions which by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform on their face to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein).

 

(c)                                  The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:

 

(1)                                 this paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section 7.1;

 

(2)                                 the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Trust Officer unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and

 

(3)                                 the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 6.5.

 

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(d)                                 Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Section 7.1.

 

(e)                                  The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company.

 

(f)                                   Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

 

(g)                                  No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers.

 

(h)                                 Every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section 7.1 and to the provisions of the TIA.

 

(i)                                     Unless otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Company shall be sufficient if signed by an Officer of the Company.

 

(j)                                    The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) and liabilities that might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.

 

Section 7.2                                    Rights of Trustee.  Subject to Section 7.1:

 

(a)                                 The Trustee may conclusively rely on any document (whether in its original or facsimile form) reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person.  The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.

 

(b)                                 Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers’ Certificate and/or an Opinion of Counsel.  The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on an Officers’ Certificate and/or Opinion of Counsel.

 

(c)                                  The Trustee may act through its attorneys and agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care.

 

(d)                                 The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within the rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture.

 

(e)                                  The Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection, and the advice or opinion of counsel with respect to legal matters relating to this Indenture and the Securities shall be full and complete authorization and protection from liability in respect of any action taken,

 

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omitted or suffered by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with the advice or opinion of such counsel.

 

(f)                                   The Trustee is not required to make any inquiry or investigation into facts or matters stated in any document but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit and, if the Trustee determines to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company personally or by agent, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the documented expenses of such investigation.

 

(g)                                  The Trustee is not required to take notice and shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default hereunder with respect to any series of Securities, unless a Trust Officer of the Trustee has received notice in writing of such Default or Event of Default from the Company or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then outstanding and such notice references the Securities and this Indenture, and in the absence of any such notice, the Trustee may conclusively assume that no such Default or Event of Default exists.

 

(h)                                 The Trustee is not required to give any bond or surety with respect to the performance of its duties or the exercise of its powers under this Indenture.

 

(i)                                     In the event the Trustee receives inconsistent or conflicting requests and indemnity from two or more groups of Holders of Securities, each representing less than the aggregate principal amount of Securities outstanding required to take any action thereunder, the Trustee, in its sole discretion may determine what action, if any, shall be taken.

 

(j)                                    The Trustee’s immunities and protections from liability and its right to indemnification in connection with the performance of its duties under this Indenture shall extend to the Trustee’s officers, directors, agents, attorneys and employees and to the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder.  Such immunities and protections and right to indemnification, together with the Trustee’s right to compensation, shall survive the Trustee’s resignation or removal, the discharge of this Indenture and final payments of the Securities.

 

(k)                                 The permissive right of the Trustee to take actions permitted by this Indenture shall not be construed as an obligation or duty to do so.

 

(l)                                     The Trustee shall have no duty to monitor or inquire as to the performance of the Company’s covenants herein.

 

(m)                             Any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution.

 

(n)                                 In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for special, indirect, punitive or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.

 

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(o)                                 The Trustee may request that the Company deliver a certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture.

 

Section 7.3                                    Individual Rights of Trustee.  The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or its Affiliates with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee.  Any Paying Agent, Registrar, co-registrar or co-paying agent may do the same with like rights.  However, the Trustee must comply with Sections 7.10 and 7.11.

 

Section 7.4                                    Trustee’s Disclaimer.  The Trustee shall not be responsible for and makes no representation (except as to itself) as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities; it shall not be accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Securities; and it shall not be responsible for any statement of the Company (including recitals) in this Indenture, in any indenture supplemental hereto, or in any document issued in connection with the sale of the Securities or in the Securities other than the Trustee’s certificate of authentication.

 

Section 7.5                                    Notice of Defaults.  If a Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of any series occurs and is continuing and if a Trust Officer has received written notice thereof, the Trustee shall deliver to each Holder of a Security of such series notice of the Default or Event of Default within the later of 30 days after obtaining such knowledge and 90 days after it occurs, unless the Default was already cured or waived.  Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on any Security of any series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if it in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Holders of such series.

 

Section 7.6                                    Reports by Trustee to Holders.  Within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year for so long as the Securities of any series remain outstanding, the Trustee shall deliver to each Holder of Securities of such series a brief report dated as of such reporting date that complies with TIA § 313(a).  The Trustee also shall comply with TIA § 313(b).  The Trustee shall also transmit all reports required by TIA § 313(c).

 

A copy of each report at the time of its delivery to Holders of Securities of any series shall be filed with the SEC and each stock exchange (if any) on which the Securities of such series are listed.  The Company agrees to notify promptly the Trustee in writing whenever the Securities of any series become listed on any stock exchange and of any delisting thereof.

 

Section 7.7                                    Compensation and Indemnity.  The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation for its acceptance of this Indenture and services hereunder as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree in writing.  The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust.  The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable, documented expenses incurred or made by it, including costs of collection, costs of preparing and reviewing reports, certificates and other documents, costs of delivering notices to Holders, in addition to the compensation for its services.  Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee’s agents, counsel, accountants and experts.  The Company shall indemnify the Trustee against any and all losses, liabilities, damages, claims,

 

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penalties, fines or expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ and agents’ fees and expenses) (for purposes of this Section 7.7, “losses”) incurred by it in connection with the administration of this trust and the performance of its duties hereunder, including the costs and expenses of enforcing this Indenture (including this Section 7.7) and of defending itself against any claims (whether asserted by any Holder, the Company or otherwise), except to the extent such losses may be attributable to its negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction.  The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity.  Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder.  The Company shall not be under any obligation to pay for any written settlement without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably delayed, conditioned or withheld.  The Company need not reimburse any expense incurred by the Trustee through the Trustee’s own willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence.

 

To secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section 7.7, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee other than money or property held in trust to pay principal of, interest and Additional Amounts, if any, on particular Securities.

 

The Company’s payment obligations pursuant to this Section 7.7 shall survive the discharge of this Indenture, the resignation or removal of the Trustee and payment in full of the Securities.  When the Trustee incurs expenses after the occurrence of a Default specified in clauses (6) or (7) of Section 6.1 with respect to the Company, the expenses are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.

 

Section 7.8                                    Replacement of Trustee.  A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee will become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section 7.8.

 

The Trustee may resign at any time by so notifying the Company.  The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series may remove the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series by so notifying the Trustee and may appoint a successor Trustee.  The Company shall remove the Trustee if:

 

(1)                                 the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10;

 

(2)                                 the Trustee is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent;

 

(3)                                 a receiver or other public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or

 

(4)                                 the Trustee otherwise becomes incapable of acting.

 

If the Trustee resigns or is removed by the Company or by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series and such Holders of such series do not reasonably promptly appoint a successor Trustee, or if a vacancy exists in the office of the Trustee for any reason (the Trustee in such event being referred to herein as the retiring Trustee), the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee with respect to such series.

 

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If a successor Trustee with respect to Securities of any series does not take office within 30 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of such series may petition, at the Company’s expense, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to Securities of such series.

 

If the Trustee with respect to the Securities of a series fails to comply with Section 7.10, unless the Trustee’s duty to resign is stayed as provided in TIA § 310(b), any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to such series.

 

In case of the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, each such successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee, to the Company.  Thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, power and duties of the retiring Trustee under this Indenture.  The successor Trustee shall deliver a notice of its succession to Holders.  The retiring Trustee shall promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee, subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.7.

 

In case of the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto in which each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and that (1) shall confer to each successor Trustee all the rights, powers and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall confirm that all the rights, powers and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee.  Nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, and each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee.  Upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.  On request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall transfer to such successor Trustee all property held by such retiring Trustee as Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

 

Notwithstanding the replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.8, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.7 shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee.

 

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So long as no Event of Default, or no event which is, or after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become, an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing, and except with respect to a Trustee appointed by the act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of then outstanding Securities of any series, if the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee (1) a Board Resolution appointing a successor Trustee, effective as of a date specified therein, and (2) an instrument of acceptance of such appointment, effective as of such date, by such successor Trustee, then the Trustee shall be deemed removed, the successor Trustee shall be deemed to have been appointed by the Company and such appointment shall be deemed to have been accepted as contemplated, all as of such date, and all other provisions of this Section 7.8 shall be applicable to such removal, appointment and acceptance except to the extent inconsistent with this subsection.

 

Section 7.9                                    Successor Trustee by Merger.  If the Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all its corporate trust business or assets to, another corporation or banking association, the resulting, surviving or transferee corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.  The predecessor Trustee shall have no liability for any action or inaction by any successor Trustee.

 

In case at the time such successor or successors by merger, conversion or consolidation to the Trustee shall succeed to the trusts created by this Indenture, any of the Securities shall have been authenticated but not delivered, any such successor to the Trustee may adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor trustee, and deliver such Securities so authenticated; and in case at that time any of the Securities shall not have been authenticated, any successor to the Trustee may authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor hereunder or in the name of the successor to the Trustee; and in all such cases such certificates shall have the full force which it is anywhere in the Securities or in this Indenture.

 

Section 7.10                             Eligibility; Disqualification.  The Trustee shall at all times satisfy the requirements of TIA § 310(a).  The Trustee shall have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50.0 million as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition.  The Trustee shall comply with TIA § 310(b); provided, however, that there shall be excluded from the operation of TIA § 310(b)(1) any indenture or indentures under which other securities or certificates of interest or participation in other securities of the Company are outstanding if the requirements for such exclusion set forth in TIA § 310(b)(1) are met.

 

Section 7.11                             Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.  The Trustee shall comply with TIA § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA § 311(b).  A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA § 311(a) to the extent indicated.

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

 

Section 8.1                                    Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.  Unless otherwise designated pursuant to Section 2.1(21), the Securities of any series shall be subject to defeasance or covenant defeasance pursuant to Section 8.2 or 8.3, in accordance with any applicable requirements provided pursuant to Section 2.1 and upon compliance with the

 

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conditions set forth in this Article VIII.  The Company may, at its option and at any time, elect to have either Section 8.2 or 8.3 hereof be applied to all outstanding Securities of any series so subject to defeasance or covenant defeasance.  Any such election shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution of the Company or in another manner specified as contemplated by Section 2.1 for such Securities.

 

Section 8.2                                    Legal Defeasance and Discharge.  Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 8.1  hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.2 with respect to Securities of any series, the Company shall, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.4 hereof, be deemed to have been discharged from its Obligations with respect to all outstanding Securities of such series on the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, “Legal Defeasance”).  For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by the outstanding Securities with respect to such series, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “outstanding” only for the purposes of Section 8.5 hereof and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in clauses (a) through (e) below, and to have satisfied all other obligations under the Securities with respect to such series and this Indenture (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following provisions which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (a) the rights of Holders of outstanding Securities with respect to such series to receive, solely from the trust fund described in Sections 8.4 and 8.5 hereof, and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest and Additional Amounts, if any, on such Securities when such payments are due, (b) the Company’s Obligations with respect to such Securities under Article II and Sections 3.1 hereof, (c) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company’s obligations in connection therewith, (d) the optional redemption provisions, if any, with respect to such Securities, and (e) this Article VIII.  If the Company exercises under Section 8.1 hereof the option applicable to this Section 8.2, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.4 hereof, payment of the Securities with respect to such series may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default.  Subject to compliance with this Article VIII, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 8.2 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 8.3 hereof.

 

Section 8.3                                    Covenant Defeasance.  Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 8.1 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.3 with respect to Securities of any series, the Company shall, with respect to such series of Securities, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.4 hereof, be released from obligations under the covenants contained in Sections 3.2 and 3.5 and, if specified as contemplated by Section 2.1, its obligations under any other covenant, with respect to the outstanding Securities of such series on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 8.4 hereof are satisfied (hereinafter, “Covenant Defeasance”), and the Securities of such series shall thereafter be deemed not “outstanding” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or act of Holders of such series (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed “outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder (it being understood that such Securities shall not be deemed outstanding for accounting purposes).  For this purpose, Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the outstanding Securities of such series, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any

 

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reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 6.1 hereof, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.  If the Company exercises under Section 8.1 hereof the option applicable to this Section 8.3, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.4 hereof, payment of the Securities of such series may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default specified in clauses (3), (4) and (5) of Section 6.1, or any covenant specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

Section 8.4                                    Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance.  The following shall be the conditions to the application of either Section 8.2 or 8.3 hereof to the outstanding Securities of any series.

 

In order to exercise Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance with respect to the Securities of any series:

 

(1)                                 the Company must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such series, cash in U.S. dollars, non-callable Government Securities, or a combination of cash in U.S. dollars, and non-callable Government Securities, in amounts as will be sufficient, in the written opinion of a nationally recognized investment bank, appraisal firm or firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, and interest and Additional Amounts, if any, and premium, if any, on the outstanding Securities of such series on the stated date for payment or on the applicable Redemption Date, as the case may be, and the Company must specify whether the Securities of such series are being defeased to such stated date for payment or to a particular Redemption Date;

 

(2)                                 in the case of Legal Defeasance, the Company must deliver to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that: (a) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling; or (b) since the date of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel will confirm that, the Holders of the outstanding Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax law purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and shall be subject to federal income tax law in the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred;

 

(3)                                 in the case of Covenant Defeasance, the Company must deliver to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that Holders of the outstanding Securities of such series shall not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax law purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and shall be subject to federal income tax in the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred;

 

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(4)                                 no Default or Event of Default has occurred and be continuing with respect to the Securities of such series on the date of such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit);

 

(5)                                 such Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any material agreement or instrument (other than this Indenture) to which the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries is bound;

 

(6)                                 the Company must deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that such deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of Securities of such series over the other creditors of the Company with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors of the Company or others; and

 

(7)                                 the Company must deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent relating to the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance have been complied with.

 

Section 8.5                                    Deposited Cash and Government Securities to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions.  Subject to Section 8.6 hereof, all cash and non-callable Government Securities (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee), collectively for purposes of this Section 8.5, the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 8.4 hereof in respect of the outstanding Securities of such series shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities of such series and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of Securities of such series of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal, premium, if any, interest and Additional Amounts, if any, but such cash and securities need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

 

The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or non-callable Government Securities deposited pursuant to Section 8.4 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of the outstanding Securities of such series.

 

Anything in this Article VIII to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon the request of the Company any cash or non-callable Government Securities held by it as provided in Section 8.4 hereof which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized independent registered public accounting firm expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee (which may be the certification delivered under clause (1) of Section 8.4 hereof), are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

 

Section 8.6                                    Repayment to Company.  Any cash or non-callable Government Securities deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, on, or interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on,

 

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any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for one year after such principal, premium, if any, or interest or Additional Amounts, if any, has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on its request (unless an abandoned property law designates another Person) or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and such Holder shall thereafter, as an unsecured creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such cash and securities, and all liability of the Company as Trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease.

 

Section 8.7                                    Reinstatement.

 

(a)                                 If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any cash or non-callable Government Securities in accordance with Section 8.2, 8.3 or 8.5 hereof, as the case may be, by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the Company’s obligations under this Indenture and the Securities of such series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.4 hereof until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such cash and securities in accordance with Section 8.2, 8.3 or 8.5 hereof, as the case may be; provided, however, that unless otherwise provided in the Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto pursuant to which such securities shall have been issued, the principles set forth in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this Section 8.7 shall apply following such reinstatement, provided further, however, that, if the Company makes any payment of principal of, premium, if any, on, or interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on, any Security of such series following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such series to receive such payment from the cash and securities held by the Trustee or Paying Agent.

 

(b)                                 If reinstatement of the Company’s obligations under this Indenture, the Securities shall occur as provided in Section 8.7(a), such reinstatement shall be deemed to have occurred as of the date of such deposit except that no Default will be deemed to have occurred solely by reason of a breach while any such obligation was suspended.

 

(c)                                  Neither (1) the continued existence following the reinstatement of the foregoing obligations of facts and circumstances or obligations that were incurred or otherwise came into existence while the foregoing obligations were suspended nor (2) the performance of any such obligations, including the consummation of any transaction pursuant to, and on materially the same terms as, a contractual agreement in existence prior to the reinstatement of the foregoing obligations, shall constitute a breach of any such obligations or cause a Default or Event of Default in respect thereof; provided, however, that (A) the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries did not incur or otherwise cause such facts and circumstances or obligations to exist in anticipation of the reinstatement of the foregoing obligations and (B) the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries did not reasonably believe that such incurrence or actions would result in such reinstatement.  For purposes of clause (2) above, any increase in the consideration to be paid prior to such amendment or modification to the terms of an existing obligation following the reinstatement of the foregoing obligations that does not exceed 10% of the consideration that was to be paid prior to such amendment or modification shall not be deemed a “material” amendment or modification.  For purposes of clauses (A) and (B) above, anticipation and reasonable belief

 

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may be determined by the Company and shall be conclusively evidenced by a Board Resolution to such effect adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

ARTICLE IX

 

Amendments

 

Section 9.1                                    Without Consent of Holders.  Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1 with respect to the Securities of any series, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities without notice to or consent of any Holder:

 

(1)                                 to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;

 

(2)                                 to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;

 

(3)                                 to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by Section 2.1;

 

(4)                                 to provide for the assumption of the Company’s obligations to Holders of Securities of any series in the case of a merger or consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s properties or assets, as applicable;

 

(5)                                 to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;

 

(6)                                 to make any change that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the Holders of Securities of any series or that does not materially adversely affect the legal rights under this Indenture of any such Holder;

 

(7)                                 to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series), or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;

 

(8)                                 to add any additional Events of Default with respect to all or any series of the Securities (and, if any such Event of Default is applicable to less than all series of Securities, specifying the series to which such Event of Default is applicable);

 

(9)                                 to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture; provided that any such change or elimination shall become effective only when there is no outstanding Security of any series created prior to the execution of such amendment or supplemental indenture that is adversely affected in any material respect by such change in or elimination of such provision;

 

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(10)                          to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 8.1; provided, however, that any such action shall not adversely affect the interest of the Holders of Securities of such series or any other series of Securities in any material respect;

 

(11)                          to secure the Securities of any series;

 

(12)                          to evidence and provide for the acceptance under this Indenture of a successor trustee and to add or change such provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts thereunder by more than one trustee; or

 

(13)                          to conform the text of this Indenture or any Securities to the description thereof in any prospectus or prospectus supplement of the Company with respect to the offer and sale of Securities of any series, to the extent that such provision is inconsistent with a provision of this Indenture or the Securities, as provided in an Officers’ Certificate.

 

After an amendment under this Indenture becomes effective, the Company is required to deliver to the Holders of each Security affected thereby a notice briefly describing such amendment.  However, the failure to give such notice to all the Holders of each Security affected thereof, or any defect therein, will not impair or affect the validity of the amendment or supplemental indenture under this Section 9.1.

 

Section 9.2                                    With Consent of Holders.  Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1 with respect to the Securities of any series, except as provided below in this Section 9.2, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture and the Securities with the consent (including consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or a tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities) of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of each series affected by such amendment or supplement (acting as separate classes).

 

Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by a Board Resolution, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of the Holders as aforesaid, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 9.5, the Trustee shall, subject to Section 9.6, join with the Company in the execution of such amendment or supplemental indenture.

 

Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1 with respect to the Securities of any series, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of one or more series or of all series affected by such waiver (acting as separate classes) may waive compliance in a particular instance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture with respect to Securities of such series (including waivers obtained in connection with a purchase of, or a tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities of such series).

 

However, except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 2.1 with respect to the Securities of any series, without the consent of each Holder affected, an

 

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amendment, supplement or waiver may not (with respect to any Securities held by a non-consenting Holder):

 

(1)                                 reduce the principal amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;

 

(2)                                 reduce the principal of or change the fixed maturity of any Security or alter the provisions with respect to the redemption or repurchase of the Securities;

 

(3)                                 reduce the rate of or change the time for payment of interest, including default interest on any Security;

 

(4)                                 waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of principal of, or interest or premium, or Additional Amounts, if any, on the Securities (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities by the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);

 

(5)                                 make any Security payable in currency other than that stated in the Securities;

 

(6)                                 make any change in the provisions of this Indenture relating to waivers of past Defaults or the rights of Holders of Securities to receive payments of principal of, or interest or premium, if any, on the Securities (other than as permitted in clause (4) above);

 

(7)                                 waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security;

 

(8)                                 impair the right of a Holder of Securities to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on the Securities; or

 

(9)                                 make any change in the preceding amendment, supplement and waiver provisions.

 

It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance of the proposed amendment.

 

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of any other series.

 

A consent to any amendment or waiver under this Indenture by any Holder of the Securities given in connection with a tender of such Holder’s Securities will not be rendered invalid by such tender.  After an amendment under this Section becomes effective, the Company shall promptly deliver to Holders of each Security affected thereby a notice briefly describing

 

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such amendment.  The failure to give such notice to all Holders of each Security affected thereby, or any defect therein, shall not impair or affect the validity of an amendment, supplemental indenture or waiver under this Section 9.2.

 

Section 9.3                                    Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.  Every amendment or supplement to this Indenture or the Securities shall comply with the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as then in effect.

 

Section 9.4                                    Revocation and Effect of Consents and Waivers.  Until an amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by such Holder and every subsequent Holder of that Security or portion of the Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of the consent or waiver is not made on the Security.  However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent or waiver as to such Holder’s Security or portion of the Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date the amendment or waiver becomes effective.  After an amendment or waiver becomes effective with respect to a series of Securities, it shall bind every Holder of Securities of such series.

 

For purposes of this Indenture, the written consent of the Holder of a Global Security shall be deemed to include any consent delivered by an Agent Member by electronic means in accordance with the Automated Tender Offer Procedures system or other customary procedures of, and pursuant to authorization by, DTC.

 

The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders entitled to give their consent or take any other action described above or required or permitted to be taken pursuant to this Indenture.  The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Securities of any series entitled to join in the giving, making or taking of (i) any notice permit to Section 6.1(4) or otherwise of any Default, (ii) any declaration of acceleration pursuant to Section 6.2, (iii) any request to institute proceedings pursuant to Section 6.6(2), or (iv) any direction referred to in Section 6.5, in each case with respect to such series.  If a record date is so fixed, then notwithstanding the second preceding paragraph, those Persons who were Holders at such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those Persons, shall be entitled to give such consent or to revoke any consent previously given or to take any such action, whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders after such record date.  No such consent shall become valid or effective more than 180 days after such record date.

 

Section 9.5                                    Notation on or Exchange of Securities.  If an amendment changes the terms of a Security, the Trustee may require the Holder of the Security to deliver it to the Trustee.  The Trustee may place an appropriate notation on the Security regarding the changed terms and return it to the Holder.  Alternatively, if the Company so determines, the Company in exchange for the Security shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate a new Security that reflects the changed terms.  Failure to make the appropriate notation or to issue a new Security shall not affect the validity of such amendment.

 

Section 9.6                                    Trustee To Sign Amendments.  The Trustee shall sign any amendment authorized pursuant to this Article IX if the amendment does not adversely affect the rights,

 

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duties, liabilities or immunities of the Trustee.  If it does, the Trustee may but need not sign it.  In signing such amendment the Trustee shall receive indemnity satisfactory to it and shall receive, and (subject to Sections 7.1 and 7.2) shall be fully protected in conclusively relying upon an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such amendment is authorized or permitted by this Indenture, that such amendment is the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, subject to customary exceptions, and that such amendment complies with the provisions hereof (including Section 9.3).

 

ARTICLE X

 

[Reserved]

 

ARTICLE XI

 

Satisfaction and Discharge

 

Section 11.1                             Satisfaction and Discharge.  Unless otherwise designated pursuant to Section 2.1(13), this Indenture will be discharged and will cease to be of further effect as to all Securities of any series issued hereunder (except as to surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of such Securities and as otherwise specified hereunder), when:

 

(1)                                 either:

 

(a)                                 all Securities of such series that have been authenticated, except lost, stolen or destroyed Securities that have been replaced or paid and Securities of such series for whose payment money has been deposited in trust and thereafter repaid to the Company, have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

 

(b)                                 all Securities of such series that have not been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (i) have become due and payable, (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year or (iii) if subject to redemption at the Company’s option, are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust solely for the benefit of the Holders of Securities of such series, cash in U.S. dollars, non-callable Government Securities, or a combination of cash in U.S. dollars and non-callable Government Securities, in amounts as will be sufficient without consideration of any reinvestment of interest, to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation for principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest and Additional Amounts, if any, to the date of maturity or redemption;

 

(2)                                 no Default or Event of Default with respect to such series has occurred and is continuing on the date of the deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit) and the deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other material

 

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agreement or instrument to which the Company or any Significant Subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries is bound;

 

(3)                                 the Company has paid or caused to be paid all sums payable by it hereunder with respect to such series and pursuant to Section 7.7;

 

(4)                                 the Company has delivered irrevocable instructions to the Trustee hereunder to apply the deposited money toward the payment of such Securities at fixed maturity or the Redemption Date, as the case may be; and

 

(5)                                 the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, which state that all conditions precedent under this Indenture relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to such series have been satisfied.

 

ARTICLE XII

 

Miscellaneous

 

Section 12.1                             Trust Indenture Act Controls.  If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision which is required to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, the provision required by the TIA shall control.

 

Section 12.2                             Notices.  Except as otherwise provided below, any notice or communication shall be in writing (including facsimile and electronic transmission in PDF format) and delivered in person, by telecopier or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery or mailed by first-class mail addressed as follows:

 

if to the Company:

 

Cowen Group, Inc.

599 Lexington Avenue

New York, New York 10022

Attn: Owen S. Littman, General Counsel Fax No.: (212) 201-4840

Email: owen.littman@cowen.com

 

if to the Trustee:

 

The Bank of New York Mellon

101 Barclay Street, Floor 7E

New York, NY 10286

Attn: Corporate Trust Administration

Fax No: (212) 815-5915

 

The Company or the Trustee by notice to the others may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.

 

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Any notice or communication mailed to a registered Holder shall be mailed to the Holder at the Holder’s address as it appears on the registration books of the Registrar and shall be sufficiently given if so mailed within the time prescribed.  The Registrar shall provide the Company with address information with respect to the Holders as promptly as practicable following the Company’s request therefor.  Any notice or communication shall also be mailed to any Person described in TIA § 313(c), to the extent required by the TIA.

 

Any notice or communication delivered to a Holder of a Global Security shall be delivered in accordance with the applicable procedures of the Depositary and shall be sufficiently given if so delivered within the time prescribed.

 

Failure to mail or deliver a notice or communication to a Holder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders.  If a notice or communication is mailed or delivered in the manner provided above, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it.

 

The Trustee agrees to accept and act upon instructions or directions pursuant to this Indenture sent by unsecured e-mail, pdf, facsimile transmission or other similar unsecured electronic methods; provided, however, that the Trustee shall have received an incumbency certificate listing persons designated to give such instructions or directions and containing specimen signatures of such designated persons, which such incumbency certificate shall be amended and replaced whenever a person is to be added or deleted from the listing.  If the Company elects to give the Trustee e-mail or facsimile instructions (or instructions by a similar electronic method) and the Trustee in its discretion elects to act upon such instructions, the Trustee’s understanding of such instructions shall be deemed controlling. The Trustee shall not be liable for any losses, costs or expenses arising directly or indirectly from the Trustee’s reliance upon and compliance with such instructions notwithstanding such instructions conflict or are inconsistent with a subsequent written instruction. The Company agrees to assume all risks arising out of the use of such electronic methods to submit instructions and directions to the Trustee, including without limitation the risk of the Trustee acting on unauthorized instructions, and the risk or interception and misuse by third parties.

 

Section 12.3                             Communication by Holders with other Holders.  Holders may communicate pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities.  The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA § 312(c).

 

Section 12.4                             Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.  Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take or refrain from taking any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:

 

(1)                                 an Officers’ Certificate in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 12.5 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been fully complied with and satisfied; and

 

(2)                                 an Opinion of Counsel in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 12.5 hereof) stating

 

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that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been fully complied with and satisfied.

 

In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

 

Any certificate or opinion of an Officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, counsel, unless such Officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are erroneous.  Any such certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based, and may state that it is so based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an Officer or Officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters known to the Company, unless such counsel knows that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.

 

Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

 

Section 12.5                             Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.  Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a covenant or condition provided for in this Indenture (except for the Certificate specified in Section 3.5) shall include:

 

(1)                                 a statement that the individual making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;

 

(2)                                 a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

 

(3)                                 a statement that, in the opinion of such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

 

(4)                                 a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such individual, such covenant or condition has been complied with.

 

Section 12.6                             When Securities Disregarded.  In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of any series have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent, Securities owned by the Company or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company shall be disregarded and deemed not to be outstanding, except that, for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent, only Securities which a Trust Officer of the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.  Also,

 

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subject to the foregoing, only Securities outstanding at the time shall be considered in any such determination.

 

Section 12.7                             Rules by Trustee, Paying Agent and Registrar.  The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by, or a meeting of, Holders.  The Registrar and the Paying Agent may make reasonable rules for their functions.

 

Section 12.8                             Legal Holidays.  A “Legal Holiday” is a Saturday, a Sunday or other day on which commercial banking institutions are authorized or required to be closed in New York, New York.  If a payment date is a Legal Holiday, payment shall be made on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.  If a regular record date is a Legal Holiday, the record date shall not be affected.

 

Section 12.9                             GOVERNING LAW; JURISDICTION; AND WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL.  THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.  

 

The Company irrevocably consents and agrees, for the benefit of the Holders from time to time of the Securities and the Trustee, that any legal action, suit or proceeding against it with respect to obligations, liabilities or any other matter arising out of or in connection with this Indenture or the Securities may be brought in the courts of the State of New York or the courts of the United States located in the Borough of Manhattan, New York City, New York and, until amounts due and to become due in respect of the Securities have been paid, hereby irrevocably consents and submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of each such court in personam, generally and unconditionally with respect to any action, suit or proceeding for itself in respect of its properties, assets and revenues.

 

The Company irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any of the aforesaid actions, suits or proceedings arising out of or in connection with this Indenture brought in the courts of the State of New York or the courts of the United States located in the Borough of Manhattan, New York City, New York and hereby further irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to plead or claim in any such court that any such action, suit or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.

 

EACH OF THE COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND THE HOLDERS HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE SECURITIES OR THE TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

 

Section 12.10                      No Recourse Against Others.  No director, manager, officer, employee, incorporator, member, partner, stockholder or other owner of Capital Stock of the Company, as such, will have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of such obligations or their creation.  Each Holder of Securities by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability.  The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Securities.

 

Section 12.11                      Successors.  All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successors.  All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successors.

 

Section 12.12                      Multiple Originals.  The parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture.  Each signed copy shall be an original, but all of them together represent the same agreement.  One signed copy is enough to prove this Indenture.  The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or PDF transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes.  Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or PDF shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.

 

Section 12.13                      Severability.  In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

 

Section 12.14                      No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.  This Indenture may not be used to interpret any other indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or any

 

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Subsidiary or any other Person.  Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.

 

Section 12.15                      Table of Contents; Headings.  The table of contents, cross-reference sheet and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not intended to be considered a part hereof and shall not modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.

 

Section 12.16                      Force Majeure.  In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.

 

Section 12.17                      U.S.A. Patriot Act.  The parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance with Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee, like all financial institutions and in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee.  The parties to this Indenture agree that they will provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot Act.

 

Section 12.18                      Benefits of Indenture.  Nothing in this Indenture or any Security, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto, the Registrar, any Paying Agent, any Authenticating Agent and their successors hereunder and the Holders of Securities, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

 

Section 12.19                      Tax Matters.  Each of the parties hereto agrees to cooperate with the other and, upon request, to provide the other with such reasonably requested information regarding the Holders of the Securities (solely in such Holders’ capacity as such) as each may have in its possession, if any, with respect to whether any payments pursuant to the Indenture are subject to the withholding requirements described in Section 1471(b) of the Code or otherwise imposed pursuant to Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code and any regulations, or agreements thereunder or official interpretations thereof.

 

53

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the date first written above.

 

	
 
    	
COWEN GROUP, INC.
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Stephen Lasota
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Stephen Lasota
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: Chief Financial   Officer
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
THE BANK OF NEW YORK   MELLON,
    
	
 
    	
as Trustee
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Francine Kincaid
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:
    	
Francine Kincaid
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title:
    	
Vice President

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