Document:

Consent letter of Ryder Scott Company, L.P.

 Exhibit 10.1 

 

 

 June 22, 2010 

Dr. Juan José Suárez Coppel 

Director General 
 Petróleos Mexicanos

 Avenida Marina Nacional No. 329 

Colonia Petroleos Mexicanos, 
 Torre Ejecutiva,
Piso 41 
 11311 Mexico, D.F. Mexico 

Dear Dr. Súarez Coppel: 

We hereby consent to the references to Ryder Scott Company L.P. as set forth under the heading “Exploration and Production
(Reserves)” in the annual report on Form 20-F of Petróleos Mexicanos for the year ended December 31, 2009 (the “Form 20-F”) and to the filing as an exhibit to the Form 20-F our report describing our review of the estimates
of proved oil, condensate, natural gas and oil equivalent reserves owned by the United Mexican States (“Mexico”) as of January 1, 2010, for 276 fields located onshore in and offshore from Mexico in the Northern Region. These estimates
were prepared in accordance with the applicable reserves definitions of Rule 4-10(a) of Regulation S-X of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 

 

	
	/s/ RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.
	
	RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.
	TBPE Firm Registration No. F-1580

  

							
	1200, 530 8TH AVENUE, S.W.	  	        CALGARY, ALBERTA T2P 3S8	  	TEL (403) 262-2799	  	FAX (403) 262-2790
	621 17TH STREET, SUITE 1550	  	        DENVER, COLORADO 80293-1501	  	TEL (303) 623-9147	  	FAX (303) 623-4258Ryder Scott Sompany, L.P. Report on Reserves Data

 Exhibit 10.2 

Pemex Exploración y Producción 

Estimated 

Future Reserves 

Attributable to Certain 

Oil and Gas Interests 

SEC Parameters 

As of 

December 31, 2009 
  

					
		 	 /s/ Guale Ramirez
	 	
 

		 	 Guale Ramirez, P.E.

TBPE License No. 48318

Managing Senior Vice President – International

 
 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.

TBPE Firm Registration No. F-1580
	 

 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY    PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS

							
	

	TBPE REGISTERED ENGINEERING FIRM F-1580	  	FAX (713) 651-0849
	1100 LOUISIANA        SUITE 3800	  		  	HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002-5218	  	TELEPHONE (713) 651-9191

May 10, 2010 
 Ing. Carlos
Morales Gil 
 Director General de Pemex Exploración y Producción 

Av. Marina Nacional #329, Piso 41 T.E. 
 Colonia
Petróleos Mexicanos 
 México 11311, D.F. 

Dear Ing. Morales: 
 At the
request of Pemex Exploración y Producción (Pemex), Ryder Scott Company (Ryder Scott) has conducted a reserves audit of the estimates of the proved reserves as prepared by Pemex’s engineering and geological staff based on the
definitions and disclosure guidelines contained in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting, Final Rule released January 14, 2009 in the Federal Register
(SEC regulations). 
 The reserves audit conducted by Ryder Scott was completed on March 24, 2010. This third party letter
report presents the results of our reserves audit based on the guidelines set forth under Section 229.1202(a)(7) and (8) of the SEC regulations. 

The properties reviewed by Ryder Scott incorporate Pemex reserve determinations comprised of the Northern Region and are located in the
states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas and Veracruz. Certain properties are located in territorial waters, offshore Gulf of Mexico. Pemex owns interests in other Regions located in Mexico that were not evaluated by Ryder
Scott. The proved net reserves attributable to the properties that we reviewed account for 94.2 percent of the total proved net oil equivalent barrels (BOE) for the Northern Region. 

As prescribed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers in Paragraph 2.2(f) of the Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil
and Gas Reserves Information (SPE auditing standards), a reserves audit is defined as “the process of reviewing certain of the pertinent facts interpreted and assumptions made that have resulted in an estimate of reserves prepared by others and
the rendering of an opinion about (1) the appropriateness of the methodologies employed; (2) the adequacy and quality of the data relied upon; (3) the depth and thoroughness of the reserves estimation process; (4) the
classification of reserves appropriate to the relevant definitions used; and (5) the reasonableness of the estimated reserve quantities.” 

Based on our review, including the data, technical processes and interpretations presented by Pemex, it is our opinion that the overall
procedures and methodologies utilized by Pemex in determining the proved reserves comply with the current SEC regulations and that the overall proved reserves for the reviewed properties as estimated by Pemex are, in the aggregate, reasonable and
within the established audit tolerance guidelines set forth in the SPE auditing standards. 
  

							
	1200, 530 - 8TH AVENUE, S.W.	  	        CALGARY, ALBERTA T2P 3S8	  	        TEL (403) 262-2799	  	        FAX (403) 262-2790
	621 17TH STREET, SUITE 1550	  	        DENVER, COLORADO 80293-1501	  	        TEL (303) 623-9147	  	        FAX (303) 623-4258

 Pemex Exploración y Producción 

May 10, 2010 
 Page 2 

 

 The estimated reserves presented in this report are related to hydrocarbon prices. Pemex
has informed us that in the preparation of their reserve and income projections, as of December 31, 2009, they used average prices during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered in this report, determined as
unweighted arithmetic averages of the prices in effect on the first-day-of-the-month for each month within such period, unless prices were defined by contractual arrangements as required by the SEC regulations. Actual future prices may vary
significantly from the prices required by SEC regulations; therefore, volumes of reserves actually recovered may differ significantly from the estimated quantities presented in this report. The net reserves as estimated by Pemex attributable to
Pemex’s interest in properties that we reviewed and the reserves of properties that we did not review are summarized as follows: 

SEC PARAMETERS 

Estimated Net Reserves 

Attributable to Certain Properties in the Northern Region 

Pemex Exploración y Producción 

As of December 31, 2009 

 
  

									
	 	  	Proved
	 	  	Developed	  	 	  	 
	 	  	Producing	  	Non-Producing	  	Undeveloped	  	Total Proved
	 Net Reserves of Properties
	  		  		  		  	
	 Audited by Ryder Scott
	  		  		  		  	
	 Oil/Condensate – MM Barrels
	  	166.6	  	114.5	  	339.8	  	621.0
	 Plant Products – MM Barrels
	  	21.8	  	16.2	  	38.3	  	76.2
	 Dry
Gas(1) – MM Barrels
	  	277.3	  	135.1	  	164.1	  	576.6
	
BOE(2) –
 MM Barrels
	  	465.7	  	265.8	  	542.3	  	1273.8
	 Gas – MMMCF
	  	1614.2	  	804.2	  	1074.7	  	3493.1
					
	 Net Reserves of Properties
	  		  		  		  	
	 Not Audited by Ryder Scott
	  		  		  		  	
	 Oil/Condensate – MM Barrels
	  	1.2	  	0.4	  	0.7	  	2.3
	 Plant Products – MM Barrels
	  	3.7	  	1.3	  	2.4	  	7.3
	 Dry
Gas(1) – MM Barrels
	  	38.5	  	10.5	  	19.8	  	68.8
	
BOE(2) –
 MM Barrels
	  	43.3	  	12.2	  	23.0	  	78.5
	 Gas – MMMCF
	  	207.5	  	58.0	  	108.2	  	373.7
					
	 Total Net Reserves
	  		  		  		  	
	 Oil/Condensate – MM Barrels
	  	167.8	  	114.9	  	340.6	  	623.3
	 Plant Products – MM Barrels
	  	25.4	  	17.5	  	40.7	  	83.5
	 Dry
Gas(1) – MM Barrels
	  	315.9	  	145.6	  	184.0	  	645.5
	
BOE(2) –
 MM Barrels
	  	509.1	  	278.0	  	565.2	  	1352.3
	 Gas – MMMCF
	  	1821.7	  	862.2	  	1182.9	  	3866.8

  

	(1)	Dry gas reserves are the dry, sweetened gas available for sale by Pemex Gas y Petroquimica Básica at the tailgate of the processing plants.

	(2)	Barrels-of-oil-equivalent (BOE) are based on dry gas conversion factors provided by PEP. 

Liquid hydrocarbons are expressed in standard 42 gallon barrels. All gas volumes are reported on an “as-sold” basis expressed
in millions of cubic feet (MMCF) at the official temperature and pressure bases of the areas in which the gas reserves are located. 
  

 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY    PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS 

 Pemex Exploración y Producción 

May 10, 2010 
 Page 3 

 

 Reserves Included in This Report 

In our opinion, the proved reserves presented in this report comply with the definitions, guidelines and disclosure requirements as
required by the SEC regulations. 
 Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of
geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward. Moreover, estimates of reserves may increase or decrease as a result of future operations, effects of regulation by
governmental agencies or geopolitical risks. As a result, the estimates of oil and gas reserves have an intrinsic uncertainty. The reserves included in this report are therefore estimates only and should not be construed as being exact quantities.
They may or may not be actually recovered. 
 An abridged version of the SEC reserves definitions from 210.4-10(a) entitled
“Petroleum Reserves Definitions” is included as an attachment to this report. 
 Audit Data, Methodology, Procedure and
Assumptions 
 The reserves for the properties that we reviewed were estimated by performance methods or the volumetric
method. In general, reserves attributable to producing wells and/or reservoirs were estimated by performance methods such as decline curve analysis, material balance and/or reservoir simulation which utilized extrapolations of historical production
and pressure data available through December 31, 2009 in those cases where such data were considered to be definitive. In certain cases, producing reserves were estimated by the volumetric method where there were inadequate historical
performance data to establish a definitive trend and where the use of production performance data as a basis for the reserve estimates was considered to be inappropriate. Reserves attributable to non-producing and undeveloped reserves included
herein were estimated by the volumetric method or the analogy method, which utilized all pertinent well and seismic data available through December 31, 2009. 

To estimate economically recoverable oil and gas reserves, we consider many factors and assumptions including, but not limited to, the
use of reservoir parameters derived from geological, geophysical and engineering data which cannot be measured directly, economic criteria based on current costs and SEC pricing requirements, and forecasts of future production rates. Under the SEC
regulations 210.4-10(a)(22)(v) and (26), proved reserves must be demonstrated to be economically producible based on existing economic conditions including the prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined as
of the effective date of the report. Pemex has informed us that they have furnished us all of the accounts, records, geological and engineering data, and reports and other data required for this investigation. In performing our audit of Pemex’s
forecast of future production and income, we have relied upon data furnished by Pemex with respect to property interests owned, production and well tests from examined wells, normal direct costs of operating the properties, other costs such as
transportation and/or processing fees, recompletion and development costs, product prices based on the SEC regulations, geological structural and isochore maps, well logs, core analyses, and pressure measurements. Ryder Scott reviewed such factual
data for its reasonableness; however, we have not conducted an independent verification of the data supplied by Pemex. 
 As
previously stated, the hydrocarbon prices used by Pemex are based on SEC price parameters using the average prices during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered in this report, determined as the unweighted arithmetic
averages of the prices in effect on the first-day-of-the-month for each month within such period, unless prices were defined by contractual 

 

 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY    PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS 

 Pemex Exploración y Producción 

May 10, 2010 
 Page 4 

 

 
arrangements. For hydrocarbon products sold under contract, the contract prices, including fixed and determinable escalations exclusive of inflation adjustments, were used until expiration of the
contract. Upon contract expiration, the prices were adjusted to the 12-month unweighted arithmetic average as previously described. Product prices which were actually used for each property reflect adjustment for gravity, quality, local conditions,
and/or distance from market. 
 The effects of derivative instruments designated as price hedges of oil and gas quantities are
not reflected in Pemex’s individual property evaluations. 
 While it may reasonably be anticipated that the future prices
received for the sale of production and the operating costs and other costs relating to such production may also increase or decrease from existing levels, such changes were, in accordance with rules adopted by the SEC, omitted from consideration in
making this evaluation. 
 Gas imbalances, if any, were not taken into account in the gas reserve estimates reviewed. The gas
volumes included herein do not attribute gas consumed in operations as reserves. 
 Operating costs used by Pemex are based on
the operating expense reports of Pemex and include only those costs directly applicable to the properties. The operating costs include a portion of general and administrative costs allocated directly to the properties. As we were informed by Pemex,
the operating costs for operated properties include an appropriate level of corporate general administrative and overhead costs. The operating costs and capital costs for non-operated properties include certain costs pertaining to operating
agreements as executed between Pemex and the operating companies. No deduction was made for loan repayments, interest expenses, or exploration and development prepayments that were not charged directly to the properties. 

Development costs used by Pemex are based on authorizations for expenditure for the proposed work or actual costs for similar projects.

 Because of the direct relationship between volumes of proved undeveloped reserves and development plans, we include in the
proved undeveloped category only reserves assigned to undeveloped locations that we have been assured will definitely be drilled. Pemex has assured us of their intent and ability to proceed with the development activities included in this report,
and that they are not aware of any legal, regulatory or political obstacles that would significantly alter their plans. 

Current costs used by Pemex were held constant throughout the life of the properties. 

Pemex’s forecasts of future production rates are based on historical performance from wells now on production or estimated initial
production rates based on test data and other related information for those wells or locations that are not currently producing. Forecasts of future production rates may be more or less than estimated because of changes in the timing of future
development plans. Wells or locations that are not currently producing may start producing earlier or later than anticipated in the forecasts prepared by Pemex for the Northern Region. 

Ryder Scott did not evaluate country and geopolitical risks in the country of Mexico. Pemex’s operations may be subject to various
levels of governmental controls and regulations. These controls and regulations may include matters relating to land tenure, drilling, production practices, environmental protection, marketing and pricing policies, royalties, various taxes and
levies including income tax and are subject to change from time to time. Such changes in governmental regulations and policies may cause volumes of reserves actually recovered to differ significantly from the estimated quantities. 

 

 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY    PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS 

 Pemex Exploración y Producción 

May 10, 2010 
 Page 5 

 

 The estimates of reserves presented herein were based upon a detailed study of the
properties in which Pemex owns an interest; however, we have not made any field examination of the properties. No consideration was given in this report to potential environmental liabilities that may exist nor were any costs included for potential
liability to restore and clean up damages, if any, caused by past operating practices. 
 Certain technical personnel of Pemex
are responsible for the preparation of reserve estimates on new properties and for the preparation of revised estimates, when necessary, on old properties. These personnel assembled the necessary data and maintained the data and workpapers in an
orderly manner. We consulted with these technical personnel and had access to their workpapers and supporting data in the course of our audit. 

The data described herein were accepted as authentic and sufficient for determining the reserves unless, during the course of our
examination, a matter of question came to our attention in which case the data were not accepted until all questions were satisfactorily resolved. Our audit included such tests and procedures as we considered necessary under the circumstances to
render the conclusions set forth herein. 
 Audit Opinion 

In our opinion, Pemex’s estimates of future reserves for the reviewed properties were prepared in accordance with generally accepted
petroleum engineering and evaluation principles for the estimation of future reserves as set forth in the Society of Petroleum Engineers’ Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information, and we found no
bias in the utilization and analysis of data in estimates for these properties. 
 The overall proved reserves for the reviewed
properties as estimated by Pemex are, in the aggregate, reasonable and within the established audit tolerance guidelines of 10 percent as set forth in the Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information
promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers. 
 In general, we were in reasonable agreement with Pemex’s estimates of
proved reserves for the properties which we reviewed; however, in certain cases there was more than an acceptable variance between Pemex’s estimates and our estimates due to a difference in interpretation of data or due to our having access to
data which were not available to Pemex when its reserve estimates were prepared. In these cases, Pemex revised its estimates to conform to our estimates. As a consequence, it is our opinion that the data presented herein for the properties that we
reviewed fairly reflect the estimated net reserves owned by Pemex. 
 Other Properties 

Other properties, as used herein, are those properties of Pemex which we did not review. The proved net reserves attributable to the other
properties account for 5.8 percent of the total proved net equivalent barrels of reserves based on estimates prepared by Pemex as of December 31, 2009. 

The same technical personnel of Pemex were responsible for the preparation of the reserve estimates for the properties that we reviewed
as well as for the properties not reviewed by Ryder Scott. 
  

 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY    PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS 

 Pemex Exploración y Producción 

May 10, 2010 
 Page 6 

 

 Standards of Independence and Professional Qualification 

Ryder Scott is an independent petroleum engineering consulting firm that has been providing petroleum consulting services throughout the
world for over seventy years. Ryder Scott is employee-owned and maintains offices in Houston, Texas; Denver, Colorado; and Calgary, Alberta, Canada. We have over eighty engineers and geoscientists on our permanent staff. By virtue of the size of our
firm and the large number of clients for which we provide services, no single client or job represents a material portion of our annual revenue. We do not serve as officers or directors of any publicly traded oil and gas company and are separate and
independent from the operating and investment decision-making process of our clients. This allows us to bring the highest level of independence and objectivity to each engagement for our services. 

Ryder Scott actively participates in industry related professional societies and organizes an annual public forum focused on the subject
of reserves evaluations and SEC regulations. Many of our staff have authored or co-authored technical papers on the subject of reserves related topics. We encourage our staff to maintain and enhance their professional skills by actively
participating in ongoing continuing education. 
 Prior to becoming an officer of the Company, Ryder Scott requires that staff
engineers and geoscientists have received professional accreditation in the form of a registered or certified professional engineer’s license or a registered or certified professional geoscientist’s license, or the equivalent thereof, from
an appropriate governmental authority or a recognized self-regulating professional organization. 
 We are independent petroleum
engineers with respect to Pemex. Neither we nor any of our employees have any interest in the subject properties, and neither the employment to do this work nor the compensation is contingent on our estimates of reserves for the properties which
were reviewed. 
 The professional qualifications of the undersigned, the technical person primarily responsible for reviewing
and approving the reserves information discussed in this report, are included as an attachment to this letter. 
 Terms of Usage 

 This report was prepared for the exclusive use of Pemex Exploración y Producción and may not be put to other use
without our prior written consent for such use. The data and work papers used in the preparation of this report are available for examination by authorized parties in our offices. Please contact us if we can be of further service. 

 

			
	
 

	 	Very truly yours,
	 	  
 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.

TBPE Firm Registration No. F-1580
  

/s/ Guale Ramirez
 Guale Ramirez, P.E.

TBPE License No. 48318
 Managing Senior Vice
President -International

 GR/sm 
  

 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY    PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS 

 Professional Qualifications of Primary Technical Person 

The conclusions presented in this report are the result of technical analysis conducted by teams of geoscientists and engineers from Ryder Scott Company,
L.P. Guale Ramirez was the primary technical person responsible for overseeing the estimate of the reserves, future production and income. 

Mr. Ramirez, an employee of Ryder Scott Company L.P. (Ryder Scott) since 1981, is a Managing Senior Vice President and also serves as a member of
the Board of Directors. He is responsible for coordinating and supervising staff and consulting engineers of the company in ongoing reservoir evaluation studies worldwide. Before joining Ryder Scott, Mr. Ramirez served in a number of
engineering positions with Sun Oil Company and Natomas North America. For more information regarding Mr. Ramirez’s geographic and job specific experience, please refer to the Ryder Scott Company website at
www.ryderscott.com/Experience/Employees. 
 Ramirez earned a Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering with honors from Texas A&M
University in 1976 and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas. He is also a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. 

In addition to gaining experience and competency through prior work experience, the Texas Board of Professional Engineers requires a minimum of fifteen
hours of continuing education annually, including at least one hour in the area of professional ethics, which Mr. Ramirez fulfills. As part of his 2009 continuing education hours, Mr. Ramirez attended an internally presented 19 hours of
formalized training as well as a day long public forum, the, 2009 RSC Reserves Conference relating to the definitions and disclosure guidelines contained in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations,
Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting, Final Rule released January 14, 2009 in the Federal Register. Mr. Ramirez has also presented courses on the new SEC Reserves definitions on various occasions during the year 2009 as well as received
2 hours of formalized external training during 2009 covering such topics as the SPE/WPC/AAPG/SPEE Petroleum Resources Management System, reservoir engineering, geoscience and petroleum economics evaluation methods, procedures and software and ethics
for consultants. 
 Based on his educational background, professional training and more than 34 years of practical experience in the estimation
and evaluation of petroleum reserves, Mr. Ramirez has attained the professional qualifications as a Reserves Estimator and Reserves Auditor set forth in Article III of the “Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas
Reserves Information” promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers as of February 19, 2007. 
  

 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY    PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS 

 PETROLEUM RESERVES DEFINITIONS 

As Adapted From: 

RULE 4-10(a) of REGULATION S-X PART 210 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC) 

PREAMBLE 
 On
January 14, 2009, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) published the “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule” in the Federal Register of National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The
“Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule” includes revisions and additions to the definition section in Rule 4-10 of Regulation S-X, revisions and additions to the oil and gas reporting requirements in Regulation S-K, and amends
and codifies Industry Guide 2 in Regulation S-K. The “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule”, including all references to Regulation S-X and Regulation S-K, shall be referred to herein collectively as the “SEC
Regulations”. The SEC Regulations take effect for all filings made with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission as of December 31, 2009, or after January 1, 2010. Reference should be made to the full text under Title 17,
Code of Federal Regulations, Regulation S-X Part 210, Rule 4-10(a) for the complete definitions, as the following definitions, descriptions and explanations rely wholly or in part on excerpts from the original document (direct passages excerpted
from the aforementioned SEC document are denoted in italics herein). 
 Reserves are those estimated remaining quantities of
petroleum which are anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, from known accumulations under defined conditions. All reserve estimates involve some degree of uncertainty. The uncertainty depends chiefly on the amount of reliable
geologic and engineering data available at the time of the estimate and the interpretation of these data. The relative degree of uncertainty may be conveyed by placing reserves into one of two principal classifications, either proved or unproved.
Unproved reserves are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves and may be further sub-classified as probable and possible reserves to denote progressively increasing uncertainty in their recoverability. Under the SEC Regulations as of
December 31, 2009, or after January 1, 2010, a company may optionally disclose estimated quantities of probable or possible oil and gas reserves in documents publicly filed with the Commission. The SEC Regulations continue to prohibit
disclosure of estimates of oil and gas resources other than reserves and any estimated values of such resources in any document publicly filed with the Commission unless such information is required to be disclosed in the document by foreign or
state law as noted in §229.1202 Instruction to Item 1202. 
 Reserves estimates will generally be revised as
additional geologic or engineering data become available or as economic conditions change. 
 Reserves may be attributed to
either natural energy or improved recovery methods. Improved recovery methods include all methods for supplementing natural energy or altering natural forces in the reservoir to increase ultimate recovery. Examples of such methods are pressure
maintenance, natural gas cycling, waterflooding, thermal methods, chemical flooding, and the use of miscible and immiscible displacement fluids. Other improved recovery methods may be developed in the future as petroleum technology continues to
evolve. 
  

 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY    PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS 

 PETROLEUM RESERVES DEFINITIONS 

Page 2 
  

 Reserves may be attributed to either conventional or unconventional petroleum
accumulations. Petroleum accumulations are considered as either conventional or unconventional based on the nature of their in-place characteristics, extraction method applied, or degree of processing prior to sale. Examples of unconventional
petroleum accumulations include coalbed or coalseam methane (CBM/CSM), basin-centered gas, shale gas, gas hydrates, natural bitumen and oil shale deposits. These unconventional accumulations may require specialized extraction technology and/or
significant processing prior to sale. 
 Reserves do not include quantities of petroleum being held in inventory. 

Because of the differences in uncertainty, caution should be exercised when aggregating quantities of petroleum from different reserves
categories. 
 RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS) 

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(26) defines reserves as follows: 

Reserves. Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically
producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations. In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, the legal right to produce or a revenue interest in the
production, installed means of delivering oil and gas or related substances to market, and all permits and financing required to implement the project. 

Note to paragraph (a)(26): Reserves should not be assigned to adjacent reservoirs isolated by major, potentially sealing, faults until those
reservoirs are penetrated and evaluated as economically producible. Reserves should not be assigned to areas that are clearly separated from a known accumulation by a non-productive reservoir (i.e., absence of reservoir, structurally low
reservoir, or negative test results). Such areas may contain prospective resources (i.e., potentially recoverable resources from undiscovered accumulations). 

PROVED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS) 

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(22) defines proved oil and gas reserves as follows: 

Proved oil and gas reserves. Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience
and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible—from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations—prior to
the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the
hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time. 

(i) The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes: 

(A) The area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and 

 

 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY    PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS 

 PETROLEUM RESERVES DEFINITIONS 

Page 3 
  

 (B) Adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty,
be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible oil or gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data. 

(ii) In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons (LKH) as
seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable certainty. 

PROVED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS) CONTINUED 

(iii) Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential exists for an
associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.

 (iv) Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but
not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when: 
 (A) Successful testing by a pilot
project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the
reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based; and 
 (B) The project has
been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities. 
 (v) Existing
economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average price during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report,
determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions. 

[Remainder of this page is left blank intentionally.] 

 

 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY    PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS 

 RESERVES STATUS DEFINITIONS AND GUIDELINES 

As Adapted From: 

RULE 4-10(a) of REGULATION S-X PART 210 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC) 

and 

PETROLEUM RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SPE-PRMS) 

Sponsored and Approved by: 

SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS (SPE), 

WORLD PETROLEUM COUNCIL (WPC) 

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS (AAPG) 

SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM EVALUATION ENGINEERS (SPEE) 

Reserves status categories define the development and producing status of wells and reservoirs. Reference should be made to Title 17,
Code of Federal Regulations, Regulation S-X Part 210, Rule 4-10(a) and the SPE-PRMS as the following reserves status definitions are based on excerpts from the original documents (direct passages excerpted from the aforementioned SEC and SPE-PRMS
documents are denoted in italics herein). 
 DEVELOPED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS) 

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(6) defines developed oil and gas reserves as follows: 

Developed oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that can be expected to be recovered: 

(i) Through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively
minor compared to the cost of a new well; and 
 (ii) Through installed extraction equipment and infrastructure
operational at the time of the reserves estimate if the extraction is by means not involving a well. 
 Developed Producing (SPE-PRMS
Definitions) 
 While not a requirement for disclosure under the SEC regulations, developed oil and gas reserves may be
further sub-classified according to the guidance contained in the SPE-PRMS as Producing or Non-Producing. 
 Developed
Producing Reserves 
 Developed Producing Reserves are expected to be recovered from completion intervals that are
open and producing at the time of the estimate. 
 Improved recovery reserves are considered producing only after the
improved recovery project is in operation. 

 RESERVES STATUS DEFINITIONS AND GUIDELINES 

Page 2 
  

 Developed Non-Producing 

Developed Non-Producing Reserves include shut-in and behind-pipe reserves. 

Shut-In 

Shut-in Reserves are expected to be recovered from: 

 

	 	(1)	completion intervals which are open at the time of the estimate but which have not yet started producing; 

 

	 	(2)	wells which were shut-in for market conditions or pipeline connections; or 

 

	 	(3)	wells not capable of production for mechanical reasons. 

Behind-Pipe 

Behind-pipe Reserves are expected to be recovered from zones in existing wells which will require additional completion work or future
re-completion prior to start of production. 
 In all cases, production can be initiated or restored with relatively low
expenditure compared to the cost of drilling a new well. 
 UNDEVELOPED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS) 

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(31) defines undeveloped oil and gas reserves as follows: 

Undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or
from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion. 
 (i) Reserves on undrilled
acreage shall be limited to those directly offsetting development spacing areas that are reasonably certain of production when drilled, unless evidence using reliable technology exists that establishes reasonable certainty of economic producibility
at greater distances. 
 (ii) Undrilled locations can be classified as having undeveloped reserves only if a development
plan has been adopted indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within five years, unless the specific circumstances, justify a longer time. 

(iii) Under no circumstances shall estimates for undeveloped reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an application of fluid
injection or other improved recovery technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual projects in the same reservoir or an analogous reservoir, as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, or by other
evidence using reliable technology establishing reasonable certainty. 
  

 RYDER SCOTT COMPANY    PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS

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