Document:

Exhibit

Exhibit 4.3

DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES
REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following description of Groupon Inc.’s (the “Company”) capital stock is based upon certain provisions of the Company’s restated certificate of incorporation (“Certificate of Incorporation”) and amended and restated by-laws (“By-laws”) and certain provisions of Delaware law, does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”). The Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws are filed as exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit 4.3 is a part. 

Authorized Capital Stock

As of the date hereof, the Company’s authorized capital stock consists of 2,010,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”). All of the outstanding shares of Common Stock are fully paid and non-assessable.

Common Stock

Pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) has the authority to issue up to a total of 2,010,000,000 shares of Common Stock. Each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to one (1) vote for each such share on any matter that is submitted to a vote of stockholders and shall otherwise have the rights conferred by the DGCL in respect of such shares. In addition, holders of the Common Stock will vote as a single class of stock on any matter that is submitted to a vote of stockholders.

Preferred Stock

Pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board has the authority, without approval by the stockholders, to issue up to a total of 50,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series. The Board may establish the number of shares to be included in each such series and may fix the designations, preferences, powers and other rights of the shares of a series of preferred stock. The Board could authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could dilute the voting power or rights of the holders of the Company’s Common Stock. The issuance of Preferred Stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company and might harm the market price of the Company’s Common Stock.

Dividend and Liquidation Rights

Subject to any preferential rights of any outstanding series of preferred stock created by the Board, the holders of Common Stock are entitled to such dividends as may be declared from time to time by the Board from funds available, and upon liquidation of the Common Stock will share ratably in the funds remaining for distribution to holders of Common Stock.
    

Elimination of Liability in Certain Circumstances

The Certificate of Incorporation eliminates the liability of the Company’s directors to the Company or the Company’s stockholders for monetary damages resulting from breaches of their fiduciary duties as directors. Directors will remain liable for breaches of their duty of loyalty to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, as well as for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, and transactions from which a director derives improper personal benefit. The Certificate of Incorporation will not absolve directors of liability for payment of dividends or stock purchases or redemptions by the Company in violation of Section 174 (or any successor provision of the DGCL).

The effect of this provision is to eliminate the personal liability of directors for monetary damages for actions involving a breach of their fiduciary duty of care, including any such actions involving gross negligence. The Company does not believe that this provision eliminates the liability of the Company’s directors to the Company or the Company’s stockholders for monetary damages under the federal securities laws. The Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws provide indemnification for the benefit of the Company’s directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as it may be amended from time to time, including most circumstances under which indemnification otherwise would be discretionary.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws
 
Number of Directors; Removal; Vacancies. The Company currently has [ten] directors and the By-laws provide that the Company shall have such number of directors as is determined by a resolution of the Board then in office. Vacancies on the Board may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office. The Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws provide that directors may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.
 
Special Meetings of Stockholders; Limitations on Stockholder Action by Written Consent. The Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws provide that special meetings of the Company’s stockholders may be called only by the Chairman of the Board, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, a majority of the Board then in office or holders of not less than a majority of the Company’s issued and outstanding voting stock. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the Company’s stockholders must be effected at an annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be effected by written consent unless the action to be effected and the taking of such action by written consent have been approved in advance by the Board.
 
Amendments; Vote Requirements. Certain provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws provide that the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote on any matter is required for stockholders to amend the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws, including those provisions relating to action by written consent and the ability of stockholders to call special meetings.
 
Authorized but Unissued Shares; Undesignated Preferred Stock. The authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock will be available for future issuance without stockholder approval. These additional shares may be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, corporate acquisitions and employee benefit plans. In addition, the Board may authorize, without stockholder approval, undesignated Preferred Stock with voting rights or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to acquire the Company. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock could render it more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of the Company by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.
 
Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Nomination of Directors. The By-laws provide that stockholders seeking to bring business before an annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate individuals for election as directors at an annual meeting of stockholders, must provide timely notice in writing. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the Company’s principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the date on which the Company first mailed its proxy materials 

or notice of availability of proxy materials (whichever is earlier) to stockholders for the previous year’s annual meeting. However, in the event that the annual meeting was not held in the previous year or if the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within 30 days before or 60 days after such anniversary date, such notice will be timely only if received not earlier than the close of business120 days prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of (i) 90 days prior to such annual meeting or (ii) the tenth day following the date on which a public announcement of the date of the annual meeting was made. The By-laws also specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice.
 
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. The Company is subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, with the following exceptions:

	
		
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	before such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

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	upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction began, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder) those shares owned (i) by persons who are directors and also officers and (ii) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

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	on or after such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

In addition, pursuant to that certain investment agreement, dated April 3, 2016, between the Company and A-G Holdings, L.P., as amended (the “Investment Agreement,” and the transactions contemplated thereby, the “Atairos Transaction”), the Company has exempted the Atairos Transaction and all actions taken pursuant to or in connection with such transaction from the restrictions of Section 203.

In general, Section 203 defines a business combination to include the following:

	
		
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	any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

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	any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;

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	subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;

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	any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock or any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or

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	the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loss, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits by or through the corporation.

In general, Section 203 defines an “interested stockholder” as an entity or person who, together with the person’s affiliates and associates, beneficially owns, or within three years prior to the time of determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation.
 
Choice of Forum

The Certificate of Incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on the Company’s behalf; (ii) any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Company arising pursuant to the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws; or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
 
Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for the Company’s Common Stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A. The transfer agent’s address is 250 Royall Street, Canton, MA 02021.

NASDAQ Global Select Market Listing

The Company’s Common Stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “GRPN.”mktx-ex43_160.htm

 

         Exhibit 4.3

 

DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES

 

As of February 17, 2020, MarketAxess Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (hereinafter, the “Company”), had one class of securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended: Common Stock, par value $0.003 per share (the “Common Stock”). The following summary includes a brief description of the Common Stock, as well as certain related additional information.

 

General. The Company has authority to issue 110,000,000 shares of Common Stock, 10,000,000 shares of non-voting common stock, par value $0.003 per share (“Nonvoting Common Stock”) and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), issuable in one or more series from time to time by resolution of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”).

 

Voting Rights. Holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record and are vested with all of the voting power, except as the Board may provide with respect to any class or series of Preferred Stock that it may authorize in the future. There is no cumulative voting. Subject to any rights of holders of Preferred Stock, a nominee for director shall be elected to the Board by the vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect to that nominee’s election at any meeting for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, provided that if there is a contested election, the directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the shares represented in person or by proxy at any such meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors. The vote of the holders of a majority of the stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy shall decide any other matter brought before a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting by written consent.

 

Dividend Rights. Holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends or other distributions when, as, and if declared by the Board out of any assets of the Company legally available therefor, subject to the preferences applicable to any shares of Preferred Stock outstanding at the time.

 

No Preemption, Conversion or Redemption Rights; No Sinking Fund Provisions. Shares of Common Stock are not redeemable and have no subscription, conversion or preemption rights. There are no sinking fund provisions.

 

Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions. Holders of Common Stock are entitled, upon liquidation, to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to any preferential rights of any then outstanding shares of Preferred Stock.

 

Anti-Takeover Effects of the Certificate of Incorporation, By-laws and Delaware law. The provisions of the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and Amended and Restated By-laws (the “By-laws”) described below may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company:

		
	
 
	
 

	
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Board may adopt, repeal, alter, amend or rescind bylaws without stockholder approval;

 

		
	
 
	
 

	
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the By-laws specify advanced notice procedures that stockholders must follow in order to bring business at an annual or special meeting of stockholders;

 

		
	
 
	
 

 

		
	
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the By-laws limit the ability to call special meetings of stockholders to the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President or a majority of the members of the Board;

 

		
	
 
	
 

	
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vacancies on the Board shall be filled by a majority vote of the remaining members of the Board, even where less than a quorum; and

 

		
	
 
	
 

	
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the Board is authorized to issue Preferred Stock without stockholder approval.

 

 

		
	
 
	
 

In addition, the Company is incorporated in Delaware and is thus subject to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), including Section 203 of the DGCL regarding business combinations with an interested stockholder.

 

The foregoing summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the full text of the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws. For additional information we encourage you to read the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws, including amendments, all of which are exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‐K, and applicable provisions of the DGCL, including Section 203.

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