Document:

Exhibit 4.1

DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES
REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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Units of each class of Grant Park Futures Fund Limited Partnership are registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The following description of Grant Park’s limited partnership units is a summary and does not purport to be complete. It is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to Grant Park’s Third Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement and its Certificate of Limited Partnership, each of which are incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit 4.2 is a part.
General
Grant Park Futures Fund Limited Partnership (the “Partnership”) was organized as a limited partnership under Illinois law in August 1988 and will continue until December 31, 2027, unless terminated sooner as provided for in its Limited Partnership Agreement.
Grant Park is a multi-advisor commodity pool that invests the assets of each class of Grant Park in Grant Park’s subsidiary limited liability trading companies (each, a “Trading Company” and collectively, the “Trading Companies”)  which (i) enter into advisory agreements with the independent commodity trading advisors retained by the General Partner; (ii) enter into swap transactions or derivative instruments tied to the performance of certain reference traders; and/or (iii) allocate assets to Grant Park’s cash management trading company. Grant Park’s General Partner, commodity pool operator and sponsor is Dearborn Capital Management, L.L.C. (“the General Partner”), an Illinois limited liability company. The Trading Companies were set up to, among other things, segregate risk by commodity trading advisor or reference trader.
Nature of Classes of Units
Grant Park has seven classes of limited partner interests (each, a “Class” and collectively, the “Units”), Class A, Class B, Legacy 1 Class, Legacy 2 Class, Global Alternative Markets 1 Class (“Global 1”), Global Alternative Markets 2 Class (“Global 2”) and Global Alternative Markets 3 Class (“Global 3”) Units. The General Partner has the authority to establish one or more additional classes of  Units in its discretion.
The Class A and Class B units are outstanding but are no longer offered for sale by Grant Park. Both Class A and Class B units are traded pursuant to identical trading programs and differ only in respect to the brokerage charge and organization and offering costs payable to the General Partner.
The Legacy 1 Class and Legacy 2 Class units are outstanding but are no longer offered for sale by Grant Park.  Both Legacy 1 Class and Legacy 2 Class units are traded pursuant to trading programs pursuing a technical trend trading philosophy, which is the same trading philosophy used for the Class A and Class B units. The Legacy 1 Class and Legacy 2 Class units differ only in respect to the brokerage charge payable to the General Partner. The Legacy 1 Class and Legacy 2 Class units were offered only to investors who are represented by approved selling 

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Exhibit 4.1

agents who are directly compensated by the investor for services rendered in connection with an investment in Grant Park (such arrangements commonly referred to as “wrap-accounts”).
The Global 1 Class, Global 2 Class and Global 3 Class units are outstanding but are no longer offered for sale by Grant Park.  The Global 1 Class, Global 2 Class and Global 3 Class units are traded pursuant to trading programs pursuing technical trend trading philosophies. The Global 1 Class, Global 2 Class and Global 3 Class units differ in respect to the General Partner’s brokerage charge. The Global 1 Class and Global 2 Class units were offered only to investors in wrap accounts.
Determination of Net Asset Value
The General Partner calculates the approximate net asset value per Unit of each class on a daily basis and furnish this information upon request to a limited partner. The terms “net asset value” or “net assets” as of any date with respect to any class of Units refer to (1) the total assets of Grant Park constituting such class as of such date including all cash and cash equivalents, plus the market value of all open commodity interest positions and U.S. Treasury bills; minus (2) any brokerage commission attributable to that class that are or would be payable directly by Grant Park if all open commodity interest positions were closed as of the date the calculation is made; and minus (3) all accrued liabilities of Grant Park as of that date attributable to that class determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The terms “net asset value” or “net assets” as of any date with respect to Grant Park as a whole refer to the sum of the net asset values or net assets of all classes as of that date. Net assets include any unrealized profits or losses attributable to the net assets and any accrued fees or expenses, including fees and expenses based on a percentage of net assets, attributable to the net assets.
The market value of a commodity interest is the price quoted on the exchange on which that commodity interest is traded as of the close of each trading day, or if the commodity interest is not traded on an exchange, the fair market value of the commodity interest, as determined by the General Partner.
Each class shares in the assets, expenses and liabilities of Grant Park on a proportional basis with each other class, except to the extent otherwise specifically provided in the limited partnership agreement or to the extent that the General Partner determines, in good faith, that any expense or liability of Grant Park, or any portion of any expense or liability of Grant Park, should be attributable only to a particular class or classes including, without limitation, expenses incurred in connection with the organization and offering of Units. This allocation will be final and binding on all limited partners.
The term “net asset value per unit” with respect to Units of any class refers to the net asset value of that class divided by the number of Units outstanding in that class. Thus, each Unit within a class will have the same net asset value as all other Units within that same class.
Brokerage Charge
Class A units pay the General Partner a monthly brokerage charge equal to a rate of 0.583%, a rate of 7.00% annually, of Class A’s month‐end net assets; Class B units pay the General Partner a monthly charge equal to a rate of 0.62083%, a rate of 7.45% annually, of Class 

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Exhibit 4.1

B’s month‐end net assets. Legacy 1 Class units pay the General Partner a monthly brokerage charge equal to a rate of 0.375%, a rate of 4.50% annually; Legacy 2 Class units pay the General Partner a monthly brokerage charge equal to a rate of 0.39583%, a rate of 4.75% annually; Global 1 Class units pay the General Partner a monthly brokerage charge equal to a rate of 0.32916%, a rate of 3.95% annually; Global 2 Class units pay the General Partner a monthly brokerage charge equal to a rate of 0.350%, a rate of 4.20% annually; and Global 3 Class units pay the General Partner a monthly brokerage charge equal to a rate of 0.49583%, a rate of 5.95% annually.
The General Partner pays from the brokerage charge all clearing, execution and give‐up, floor brokerage, exchange and NFA fees, any other transaction costs, selling agent compensation and consulting fees to the trading advisors.  Embedded in the swap transactions is a fee to the swap counterparty in respect of any swap transaction or derivative instrument of up to 0.50% of the notional amount of such swap transaction or derivative instrument.  This fee is not directly paid by Grant Park.  Transaction costs are taken into account in determining the net amount Grant Park receives or pays in connection with swap transactions or derivative instruments, but such costs or fees are not directly charged to Grant Park or any of its trading companies.  The General Partner will reduce (but not below zero) the brokerage charge by the amount of such costs and fees.  The payments to the clearing brokers are based upon a specified amount per round‐turn for each commodity interest transaction executed on behalf of Grant Park. The amounts paid to selling agents, trading advisors or others may be based upon a specified percentage of Grant Park’s net asset value or round‐turn transactions. The balance of the brokerage charge not paid out to other parties is retained by the General Partner as payment for its services to Grant Park. 
Grant Park pays the General Partner the brokerage charge, which is based on a fixed percentage of net assets, regardless of whether actual transaction costs were less than or exceeded this fixed percentage or whether the number of trades significantly increases.
Liability of Limited Partners
A limited partner is liable for the losses and obligations of Grant Park only to the extent of its capital contribution and any share of undistributed profits. Once a limited partner has caused Grant Park to redeem its Units, Grant Park may have a claim against that limited partner for liabilities of Grant Park that arose before the date of redemption, but the claim will not exceed the limited partner’s capital contribution and share of undistributed profits together with interest. Grant Park will make a claim against a limited partner only in the event that assets of Grant Park are insufficient to discharge Grant Park’s liabilities to its creditors. The General Partner will be liable for all obligations of Grant Park to the extent that Grant Park’s assets are insufficient to discharge those obligations. Although the limited partnership Units are separated into distinct classes, the assets and liabilities of Grant Park will not be segregated between the classes for legal purposes.
Redemptions, Distributions and Transfers
Redemption of Units

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Exhibit 4.1

A limited partner may cause any of its Units to be redeemed by Grant Park for an amount equal to the net asset value per applicable unit as of the last business day of each month by delivering a written request for redemption to the General Partner indicating the number or dollar amount worth of Units that the limited partner wishes to redeem and the requested redemption date. Such written notice must be delivered to the General Partner at least 10 days in advance of the requested redemption date, or at an earlier date if required by the selling agent. The General Partner, in its sole discretion, may permit limited partners to cause their Units to be redeemed under other conditions, at other times or upon shorter notice as it determines. The General Partner will notify a redeeming limited partner in writing within 10 days after the proposed redemption date regarding whether redemption has been, or will be, effected on the requested redemption date. Except as described below, the redemption amount will be paid by the 15th business day of the month following the redemption date, as applicable. The General Partner will redeem Units at the net asset value per unit on the requested redemption date unless the number of redemptions would be detrimental to the tax status of Grant Park. In such a case, the General Partner will select by lot that number of redemptions as will not impair Grant Park’s tax status. The right to obtain redemption also is contingent upon Grant Park’s having property sufficient to discharge its liabilities on the redemption date and may be delayed if the General Partner determines that earlier liquidation of commodity interest positions to meet redemption payments would be detrimental to Grant Park or non-redeeming limited partners.
The terms of the redemption request, which shall be irrevocable, must include (1) the number or dollar amount worth of Units and the date for which redemption is requested, (2) an acknowledgment of the basis upon which valuation of the Units being redeemed will be made, and (3) a representation by the limited partner that the limited partner is the lawful owner of the Units being redeemed and that the Units have not been encumbered in any fashion. Redemptions of Units are prohibited during the first three months following an initial and each subsequent investment. There is no redemption charge for redemption of Legacy 1 Class and Legacy 2 Class units or Global 1 Class and Global 2 Class units. Holders of Global 3 Class units who desire to redeem any or all of their units after the three‐month lock‐up period, but before the one year anniversary of their subscription for the redeemed units, will pay the applicable early redemption fee to the General Partner. All redemptions will be made on a first‐in, first‐out basis, such that the redeemed units will be deemed to have been acquired on the redeeming limited partner’s earliest subscription date for which units have not yet been redeemed.
The net asset value per applicable unit as of the date of redemption may differ substantially from the net asset value per unit as of the date by which the irrevocable notice of redemption must be submitted.
Required Redemption
The General Partner may, at any time in its sole discretion, require any limited partner to withdraw entirely from Grant Park, or to withdraw a portion of the limited partner’s Units, on not less than 15 days’ advance notice in writing to the limited partner. In addition, the General Partner without notice may require at any time, or retroactively, withdrawal of any limited partner (1) that it determines is an employee benefit plan in order for the assets of Grant Park not to be treated as plan assets of the investing plan under ERISA, (2) that made a misrepresentation to the General Partner in connection with its purchase of Units, or (3) if the limited partner’s 

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Exhibit 4.1

ownership of Units would result in the violation of applicable laws or regulations by Grant Park or a partner. A mandatorily redeemed limited partner is treated as withdrawn from Grant Park or as having made a partial withdrawal from his capital account, as the case may be, without further action on the part of the limited partner.
Special Redemption Date
The General Partner will declare a special redemption date whenever Grant Park experiences a decline in the net asset value of a unit at the close of business on any business day to less than 50% of the net asset value per unit on the last valuation date. Grant Park will suspend trading during any special redemption period.
Distributions
The General Partner is not required to make distributions of Grant Park assets to any limited partner. While the General Partner has the authority to make distributions of Grant Park assets, it does not intend to do so. The General Partner believes that it is not necessary to make distributions, because limited partners may cause Grant Park to redeem any or all of their Units on a periodic basis. If Grant Park realizes profits during any fiscal year, a limited partner’s allocable share of those profits will constitute taxable income to it for federal income tax purposes whether or not the General Partner makes distributions to the limited partner. 
Transfers and Assignments
A limited partner may transfer or assign his or her Units in Grant Park upon 30 days’ prior written notice to the General Partner and subject to approval by the General Partner of the assignee. The General Partner will provide approval when it is satisfied that the transfer complies with applicable laws and/or does not endanger Grant Park’s tax status as a partnership. An assignee not admitted to Grant Park as a limited partner will have only limited rights to share in the profits and capital of Grant Park and a limited redemption right.
Termination of Grant Park
The affairs of Grant Park will be wound up and Grant Park will be liquidated upon the happening of any of the following events (1) expiration of Grant Park’s term on December 31, 2027, (2) a decision by the limited partners to liquidate Grant Park, (3) withdrawal or dissolution of the General Partner and the failure of the limited partners to elect a substitute General Partner to continue Grant Park, or (4) assignment for the benefit of creditors or adjudication of bankruptcy of the General Partner or appointment of a receiver for or seizure by a judgment creditor of the General Partner’s interest in Grant Park.

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​bdsi41securities

ACTIVE/102457217.2        Exhibit 4.1  DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES   REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE   SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934     Description of Capital Stock    The following description of the capital stock of BioDelivery Sciences International, Inc. (the  “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our”) is a summary and does not purport to be complete. It is subject to and qualified  in its entirety by reference to our Certificate of Incorporation (“Certificate of Incorporation”), as amended, and our  Amended and Restated Bylaws (“Bylaws”), each of which are incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual  Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit 4.1 is a part, and by applicable law. We encourage you to read our  Certificate of Incorporation, our Bylaws and the applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law for  additional information.     Authorized Capital Stock    Our authorized capital stock consists of 235,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share  (the “common stock”), and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “preferred stock”),  of which 2,709,300 shares are designated as Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per  share, and 5,000 shares are designated as Series B Preferred Stock.    Common Stock      We may issue shares of our common stock from time to time. The holders of shares of our common stock  are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters to be voted on by stockholders and do not have  cumulative voting rights. Subject to the rights of holders of any future series of undesignated preferred stock which  may be designated, each share of the outstanding common stock is entitled to participate ratably in any distribution  of net assets made to the stockholders in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up and is entitled to  participate equally in dividends if and when declared by our board of directors. There are no redemption, sinking  fund, conversion or preemptive rights with respect to shares of common stock. All shares of common stock have  equal rights and preferences.     Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the trading symbol “BDSI.”    The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC.    Preferred Stock  Our board of directors will have the authority, without further action by our stockholders, to issue up to  5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions  thereof. These rights, preferences and privileges could include dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights,  terms of redemption, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms and the number of shares constituting, or the  designation of, such series, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of common stock. The issuance of our  preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of holders of common stock and the likelihood that such  holders will receive dividend payments and payments upon our liquidation. In addition, the issuance of preferred  stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company or other  corporate action.   Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock    

 

ACTIVE/102457217.2        In connection with our registered financing which closed on December 3, 2012, our board of directors  designated 2,709,300 of the 5,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock as our Series A Non-Voting Convertible  Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share.    Rank     The Series A Preferred Stock rank:  • senior to our common stock;  • senior to any class or series of our capital stock hereafter created specifically ranking by its  terms junior to the Series A Preferred Stock; and  • junior to any class or series of our capital stock hereafter created specifically ranking by its  terms senior to the Series A Preferred Stock,  in each case, as to dividends or distributions of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up  whether voluntarily or involuntarily.    Conversion      Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into one share of our common stock (subject to  adjustment as provided in the certificate of designation for the Series A Preferred Stock) at any time at the option of  the holder, except that a holder will be prohibited from converting shares of Series A Preferred Stock into shares of  common stock if, as a result of such conversion, such holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own  more than 9.98% of the total number of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding, which percentage  may be increased or decreased by on sixty-five days’ notice from the holder of Series A Preferred Stock to us.    Liquidation Preference    In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of Series A Preferred Stock will receive a  payment equal to $.001 per share of Series A Preferred Stock before any proceeds are distributed to the holders of  our common stock and in parity with our Series B Preferred Stock. After the payment of this preferential amount,  and subject to the rights of holders of any class or series of our capital stock hereafter created specifically ranking by  its terms senior to the Series A Preferred Stock, holders of Series A Preferred Stock (and holders of the Series B  Preferred Stock) will participate ratably in the distribution of any remaining assets with the common stock and any  other class or series of our capital stock hereafter created that participates with the common stock in such  distributions.    Voting Rights    Shares of Series A Preferred Stock generally have no voting rights, except as required by law and except  that the consent of holders of a majority of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock will be required to amend the  terms of the Series A Preferred Stock or the certificate of designation for the Series A Preferred Stock.    Dividends    Holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, and we are required to pay, dividends on shares  of the Series A Preferred Stock equal (on an as-if-converted-to-common-stock basis) to and in the same form as  dividends (other than dividends in the form of common stock) actually paid on shares of the common stock when, as  and if such dividends (other than dividends in the form of common stock) are paid on shares of the common stock.    Redemption    We are not obligated to redeem or repurchase any shares of Series A Preferred Stock. Shares of Series A  Preferred Stock are not otherwise entitled to any redemption rights, or mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund  provisions.  

 

ACTIVE/102457217.2          Listing    There is no established public trading market for the Series A Preferred Stock, and we do not expect a  market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for listing of the Series A Preferred Stock on any national  securities exchange or trading system.    Fundamental Transactions    If, at any time that shares of Series A Preferred Stock are outstanding, we effect a merger or other change  of control transaction, as described in the certificate of designation and referred to as a fundamental transaction, then  a holder will have the right to receive, upon any subsequent conversion of a share of Series A Preferred Stock (in  lieu of conversion shares) for each issuable conversion share, the same kind and amount of securities, cash or  property as such holder would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such fundamental transaction if  such holder had been, immediately prior to such fundamental transaction, the holder of one share of common stock.    Series B Preferred Stock     Our board of directors has designated 5,000 of the 5,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock as our  Series B Preferred Stock.    Rank     The Series B preferred stock rank:  • par with our outstanding Series A Preferred Stock;  • senior to our common stock;  • senior to any class or series of our capital stock hereafter created specifically ranking by its  terms junior to the Series B Preferred Stock;  • on parity with any class or securities of our capital stock hereafter created specifically ranking  by its terms on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock; and  • junior to any class or series of capital stock hereafter created specifically ranking by its terms  senior the Series B Preferred Stock,  in each case, as to dividends or distributions of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up  whether voluntarily or involuntarily.    Conversion    Each share of Series B Preferred Stock is convertible, from time to time at the option of the holder thereof,  into a number of shares of our common stock determined by dividing $10,000 by a conversion price of $1.80 per  share (subject to certain adjustments for stock splits and stock dividends), except that a holder will be prohibited  from converting shares of Series B Preferred Stock into shares of common stock if, as a result of such conversion,  such holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.98% of the total number of shares of  common stock then issued and outstanding, which percentage may be increased or decreased on sixty-one (61) days’  notice from the holder of Series B Preferred Stock to the Company.    Pursuant to written notice, we may also cause each holder of Series B Preferred Stock to convert all or part  of such holder’s Series B Preferred Stock into common stock, except that a holder will not be forced to convert  shares of Series B Preferred Stock into shares of common stock if, as a result of such conversion, such holder would  beneficially own more than 9% of the total number of shares of common stock then issued and outstanding  immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock, pursuant to such written notice. We shall  not deliver a forced conversion notice to holders of Series B Preferred Stock more than one time in a ninety (90) day  period.    

 

ACTIVE/102457217.2        Liquidation Preference    In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of Series B Preferred Stock will receive a  payment equal to $0.001 per share of Series B Preferred Stock before any proceeds are distributed to the holders of  our common stock and in parity with our outstanding Series A Preferred Stock. After the payment of this  preferential amount, and subject to the rights of holders of any class or series of our capital stock hereafter created  specifically ranking by its terms senior to the Series B Preferred Stock (and the holders of the Series A Preferred  Stock), holders of Series B Preferred Stock (and the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock) will participate ratably  in the distribution of any remaining assets with the common stock and any other class or series of our capital stock  hereafter created that participates with the common stock in such distributions.    Voting Rights    Shares of Series A Preferred Stock generally have no voting rights, except as required by law and except  that the consent of holders of 80% of the outstanding Series B Preferred Stock will be required to amend the terms  of the Series B Preferred Stock or the certificate of designation for the Series B Preferred Stock, to authorize any  class of securities that is senior to the Series B Preferred Stock with respect to distribution of assets upon liquidation,  the payment of dividends or rights of redemption.    Dividends    Holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, and we are required to pay, dividends on shares  of the Series A Preferred Stock equal (on an as-if-converted-to-common-stock basis) to and in the same form as  dividends (other than dividends in the form of common stock) actually paid on shares of the common stock when, as  and if such dividends (other than dividends in the form of common stock) are paid on shares of the common stock.    Redemption    We are not obligated to redeem or repurchase any shares of Series B Preferred Stock. Shares of Series B  Preferred Stock are not otherwise entitled to any redemption rights, or mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund  provisions.    Listing    There is no established public trading market for the Series B Preferred Stock, and we do not expect a  market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for listing of the Series A Preferred Stock on any national  securities exchange or trading system.    Fundamental Transactions    If, at any time that shares of Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding, we effect a merger or other change  of control transaction, as described in the certificate of designation and referred to as a fundamental transaction, then  a holder will have the right to receive, upon any subsequent conversion of a share of Series A Preferred Stock (in  lieu of conversion shares) for each issuable conversion share, the same kind and amount of securities, cash or  property as such holder would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such fundamental transaction if  such holder had been, immediately prior to such fundamental transaction, the holder of one share of common stock.    Anti-Takeover Effects of Our Certificate of Incorporation and Our Bylaws    Our Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws include a number of provisions that may have the effect of  delaying, deferring or preventing another party from acquiring control of us and encouraging persons considering  unsolicited tender offers or other unilateral takeover proposals to negotiate with our board of directors rather than  pursue non-negotiated takeover attempts. These provisions include the items described below.    

 

ACTIVE/102457217.2        Board Composition and Filling Vacancies.     Until the election of directors at the annual meeting scheduled to be held in 2020, our Certificate of  Incorporation provides for the division of our board of directors into three classes serving staggered three-year  terms, with one class being elected each year. Starting with the annual meeting held in 2018, directors elected by  stockholders will be elected to one-year terms. Beginning at the 2020 annual meeting of our stockholders, the board  of directors will be completely declassified and all directors will be subject to annual election for one-year terms.  Until the election of directors at the annual meeting scheduled to be held in 2021, our Certificate of Incorporation  provides that directors may be removed only for cause and then only by the affirmative vote of the holders of two- thirds of the shares of the capital stock then entitled to vote at an election of directors. Furthermore, any vacancy on  our board of directors, however occurring, including a vacancy resulting from an increase in the size of our board,  may only be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of our directors then in office even if less than a quorum or  by a sole remaining director. The classification of directors, together with the limitations on removal of directors and  treatment of vacancies, has the effect of making it more difficult for stockholders to change the composition of our  board of directors.    Meetings of Stockholders.     Our Bylaws provide that a special meeting of stockholders may be called exclusively by: (i) the Chairman  of the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, President or other executive officer of the Company, (ii) an  action of the Board of Directors or (iii) request in writing of the stockholders of record owning not less than sixty- six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the entire capital stock of the Company issued and outstanding and entitled  to vote. Our Bylaws limit the business that may be conducted at an annual meeting of stockholders to those matters  properly brought before the meeting.     Advance Notice Requirements.     Our Bylaws establish advance notice procedures with regard to stockholder proposals relating to the  nomination of candidates for election as directors or new business to be brought before meetings of our  stockholders. These procedures provide that notice of stockholder proposals must be timely given in writing to our  corporate secretary prior to the meeting at which the action is to be taken. Generally, to be timely, notice must be  received at our principal executive offices not less than 90 days or more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary  date of the annual meeting for the preceding year. Our Bylaws specify the requirements as to form and content of all  stockholders’ notices. These requirements may preclude stockholders from bringing matters before the stockholders  at an annual or special meeting.    Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws.     Any amendment of our Certificate of Incorporation must first be approved by a majority of our board of  directors, and if required by law or our Certificate of Incorporation, must thereafter be approved by a majority of the  outstanding shares entitled to vote on the amendment and a majority of the outstanding shares of each class entitled  to vote thereon as a class. Our Bylaws may be amended by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in  office, subject to any limitations set forth in the Bylaws; and may also be amended by the affirmative vote of at least  sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the outstanding shares entitled to vote on the amendment.    Undesignated Preferred Stock     Our Certificate of Incorporation provides for 5,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock. The existence  of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock may enable our board of directors to discourage an attempt to  obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise. For example, if in the due  exercise of its fiduciary obligations, our board of directors were to determine that a takeover proposal is not in the  best interests of our stockholders, our board of directors could cause shares of preferred stock to be issued without  stockholder approval in one or more private offerings or other transactions that might dilute the voting or other  rights of the proposed acquirer or insurgent stockholder or stockholder group. In this regard, our Certificate of  Incorporation grants our board of directors broad power to establish the rights and preferences of authorized and  unissued shares of preferred stock. The issuance of shares of preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings  

 

ACTIVE/102457217.2        and assets available for distribution to holders of shares of common stock. The issuance may also adversely affect  the rights and powers, including voting rights, of these holders and may have the effect of delaying, deterring or  preventing a change in control of us.  Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law    We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general,  Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an  “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that this stockholder becomes an interested  stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. Under Section 203, a business  combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following  conditions:       •   before the stockholder became interested, our board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;        •   upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested  stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation  outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock  outstanding, shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and employee stock plans, in  some instances, but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder; or        •   at or after the time the stockholder became interested, the business combination was approved by our board  of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of at  least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.  Section 203 defines a business combination to include:       •   any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;       •   any sale, transfer, lease, pledge or other disposition involving the interested stockholder of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation;       •   subject to exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;        •   subject to exceptions, any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the  proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the  interested stockholder; and       •   the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation.  In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or  more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or  controlled by the entity or person

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