Document:

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EXHIBIT 4.9

                            JOINT ESCROW INSTRUCTIONS

Dated as of the date of the
Securities Purchase Agreement to
Which These Joint Escrow
Instructions Are Attached

Law Offices of Michael S. Rosenblum
1875 Century Park East, Suite 700
Los Angeles, CA  90067

Attention:        Michael S. Rosenblum, Esq.

Dear Mr. Rosenblum:

         As escrow agent for both Biogan International, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (the "Company"), and the Buyers (collectively the "Buyer") of 8%
Secured Convertible Debenture, in the principal amount of $2,035,000 (which may
be issued to each individual Buyer in series) (the "Debentures") of the Company,
who is named in the Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and the
Buyer to which a copy of these Joint Escrow Instructions is attached as Annex II
(the "Agreement"), you (hereafter, the "Escrow Agent") are hereby authorized and
directed to hold the documents and funds (together with any interest thereon,
the "Escrow Funds") delivered to the Escrow Agent pursuant to the terms of the
Agreement in accordance with the following instructions:

         1. The Escrow Agent shall, as promptly as feasible, notify the Company
of receipt of the purchase price for the Debentures from, or on behalf of, the
Buyer (the "Purchase Price"), and notify the Buyer (or such agent as the Buyer
may designate in writing) of receipt of the original Debentures. As promptly as
feasible upon receipt of notice (whether oral or in written form) from the
Company and the Buyer that the respective conditions precedent to the purchase
and sale have been satisfied (which notice shall not be unreasonably withheld),
the Escrow Agent shall, after reduction by the amounts referred to in the next
succeeding sentence of this paragraph, release the Escrow Funds to or upon the
order of the Company, and shall release the original Debentures to the Buyer.
After receipt of such notice, an amount equal to $200,000 to Thomson Kernaghan,
for its services as broker, legal and accountant fees as directed by the Company
in its disbursement instructions and $35,000 in legal fees and costs for
services rendered to Buyer (and not to the Company which has retained its own
legal counsel with respect hereto and the Agreement) and escrow fees to the
Escrow Agent, shall be released to or upon the order of the Escrow Agent. If the
original Debentures are not deposited with the Escrow Agent within ten (10) days
after receipt by the Company of notice of receipt by the Escrow Agent of the
Purchase Price funds from the Buyer, the Escrow Agent shall notify the Buyer and
the Buyer shall be entitled to cancel the purchase and demand repayment of the
funds. If such funds are not deposited with the Escrow Agent within ten (10)
days after receipt by the Buyer of notice of receipt by the Escrow Agent of the
original Debentures from the Company, the Escrow Agent shall notify the Company
and the Company shall be entitled to cancel the purchase and demand return of
such Debentures. If the Company or the Buyer notifies the Escrow Agent that on
the Closing Date (as defined in the Agreement) the conditions precedent to the
obligations of the Company or the Buyer, as the case may be, under the Agreement
were not satisfied or waived, then the Escrow Agent shall return the Escrow
Funds to the Buyer and shall return the original Debentures to the Company.
Prior to return of the Escrow Funds to the Buyer, the Buyer shall furnish such
tax reporting or other information as shall be appropriate for the Escrow Agent
to comply with applicable United States laws. The Escrow Agent shall deposit all
funds received hereunder in the Escrow Agent's attorney trust account at City
National Bank, in Los Angeles, California.

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         2. The Escrow Agent's duties hereunder may be altered, amended,
modified or revoked only by a writing signed by the Company, the Buyer and the
Escrow Agent.

         3. The Escrow Agent shall be obligated only for the performance of such
duties as are specifically set forth herein and may rely and shall be protected
in relying or refraining from acting on any instrument reasonably believed by
the Escrow Agent to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the
proper party or parties. The Escrow Agent shall not be personally liable for any
act the Escrow Agent may do or omit to do hereunder as the Escrow Agent while
acting in good faith, and any act done or omitted by the Escrow Agent pursuant
to the advice of the Escrow Agent's attorneys-at-law shall be conclusive
evidence of such good faith.

         4. The Escrow Agent is hereby expressly authorized to disregard any and
all warnings given by any of the parties hereto or by any other person or
corporation, excepting only orders or process of courts of law and is hereby
expressly authorized to comply with and obey orders, judgments or decrees of any
court. In case the Escrow Agent obeys or complies with any such order, judgment
or decree, the Escrow Agent shall not be liable to any of the parties hereto or
to any other person, firm or corporation by reason of such decree being
subsequently reversed, modified, annulled, set aside, vacated or found to have
been entered without jurisdiction.

         5. The Escrow Agent shall not be liable in any respect on account of
the identity, authorities or rights of the parties executing or delivering or
purporting to execute or deliver the Agreement or any documents or papers
deposited or called for hereunder.

         6. The Escrow Agent shall be entitled to employ such legal counsel and
other experts as the Escrow Agent may deem necessary properly to advise the
Escrow Agent in connection with the Escrow Agent's duties hereunder, may rely
upon the advice of such counsel, and may pay such counsel reasonable
compensation therefor. The Escrow Agent has acted as legal counsel for the
Buyer, and may continue to act as legal counsel for the Buyer, from time to
time, notwithstanding its duties as the Escrow Agent hereunder. The Company
consents to the Escrow Agent acting in such capacity as legal counsel for the
Buyer and waives any claim that such representation represents a conflict of
interest on the part of the Escrow Agent. The Company understands that the Buyer
and the Escrow Agent are relying explicitly on the foregoing provision in
entering into these Joint Escrow Instructions.

         7. The Escrow Agent's responsibilities as escrow agent hereunder shall
terminate if the Escrow Agent shall resign by written notice to the Company and
the Buyer. In the event of any such resignation, the Buyer and the Company shall
appoint a successor Escrow Agent.

         8. If the Escrow Agent reasonably requires other or further instruments
in connection with these Joint Escrow Instructions or obligations in respect
hereto, the necessary parties hereto shall join in furnishing such instruments.

         9. It is understood and agreed that should any dispute arise with
respect to the delivery and/or ownership or right of possession of the documents
or the Escrow Funds held by the Escrow Agent hereunder, the Escrow Agent is
authorized and directed in the Escrow Agent's sole discretion (1) to retain in
the Escrow Agent's possession without liability to anyone all or any part of
said documents or the Escrow Funds until such disputes shall have been settled
either by mutual written agreement of the parties concerned or by a final order,
decree or judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction after the time for
appeal has expired and no appeal has been perfected, but the Escrow Agent shall
be under no duty whatsoever to institute or defend any such proceedings or (2)
to deliver the Escrow Funds and any other property and documents held by the
Escrow Agent hereunder to a state or federal court having competent subject
matter jurisdiction and located in the Los Angeles, California, in accordance
with the applicable procedure therefor.

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         10. The Company and the Buyer agree jointly and severally to indemnify
and hold harmless the Escrow Agent from any and all claims, liabilities, costs
or expenses in any way arising from or relating to the duties or performance of
the Escrow Agent hereunder other than any such claim, liability, cost or expense
to the extent the same shall (a) have been tax obligations in connection with
Escrow Agent's fee hereunder, or (b) have been determined by final, unappealable
judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from the gross
negligence or willful misconduct of the Escrow Agent, or (c) be a liability, or
arise from liability, to either the Company or the Buyer.

         11. Any notice required or permitted hereunder shall be given in manner
provided in the Section headed "NOTICES" in the Agreement, the terms of which
are incorporated herein by reference.

         12. By signing these Joint Escrow Instructions, the Escrow Agent
becomes a party hereto only for the purpose of these Joint Escrow Instructions;
the Escrow Agent does not become a party to the Agreement. The Company and the
Buyer have become parties hereto by their execution and delivery of the
Agreement, as provided therein.

         13. This instrument shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of
the parties hereto, and their respective successors and permitted assigns and
shall be governed by the laws of the State of California without giving effect
to principles governing the conflicts of laws. A facsimile transmission of these
instructions signed by the Escrow Agent shall be legal and binding on all
parties hereto.

         14. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein
shall have the respective meanings provided in the Agreement.

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         15. The rights and obligations of any party hereto are not assignable
without the written consent of the other parties hereto. These Joint Escrow
Instructions constitute the entire agreement amongst the parties with respect to
the subject matter hereof.

                              Biogan International, Inc., a Delaware corporation

                              By:      /S/ Gilles Laverdiere
                                  ----------------------------------------------
                                       President

                              BUYER

                              CALP II, LLC, a Bermuda limited liability company

                              By:      /S/ Mark Valentine
                                  ----------------------------------------------
                                       Manager

                              Carbon Mesa Partners, LLC, a Nevada limited
                              liability company

                              By:      /S/ Michael Rosenblum
                                  ----------------------------------------------
                                       Manager

ACCEPTED BY ESCROW AGENT:
Law Offices of Michael S. Rosenblum

By: /S/ Michael Rosenblum
    ----------------------------------------

Date: March 8, 2000<PAGE>

EXHIBIT 4.10

                               FIRST AMENDMENT TO
             8% SECURED CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURE DUE FEBRUARY 28, 2002

         THIS FIRST AMENDMENT TO 8% SECURED CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURE DUE FEBRUARY
28, 2002 (this "First Amendment") is made and effective as of the effective date
set forth on the signature page hereof, by and between BIOGAN INTERNATIONAL,
INC., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and THOMSON KERNAGHAN & CO.,
LIMITED, a Canadian limited liability company (the "Holder").

                                 R E C I T A L S

         A. On March 30, 2000, the Company issued to CALP II, a Bermuda limited
partnership ("CALP II"), an 8% Secured Convertible Debenture Due February 28,
2002, in the principal amount of $2,000,000 (the "Debenture").

         B. On June 1, 2000, CALP II assigned all of its right, title and
interest in the Debenture to the Holder.

         C. On August 18, 2000, the Holder converted an aggregate of $500,000 of
the outstanding principal plus accrued but unpaid interest on the Debenture into
an aggregate of 2,712,387 shares of the Company's common stock.

         D. On December 5, 2000, the Holder converted an aggregate of $30,000 of
the outstanding principal plus accrued but unpaid interest on the Debenture into
an aggregate of 667,102 shares of the Company's common stock.

         E. The Company is in default under the terms of the Debenture and, as
of the date hereof, the Holder is entitled to accelerate the due date thereof
and, if necessary, foreclose on the Debenture.

         F. The Company is also in default under the terms of the Registration
Rights Agreement dated March 8, 2000 (the "RRA") by and between the Company and
the Holder. Concurrently with the execution of this First Amendment, the Company
and the Holder are entering into the First Amendment to Registration Rights
Agreement in settlement of disputes arising out of the RRA.

         G. On August 9, 2000, the Holder waived penalties relating to the
Debenture.

         H. The Company and the Holder desire to settle all of their
disagreements concerning the Company's defaults under the terms of the Debenture
and the RRA, and to amend the Debenture on the terms and conditions set forth
herein.

                                A G R E E M E N T

         NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the premises and the mutual
covenants hereinafter set forth, the parties hereto do hereby agree as follows:

         1.       Amendments to Specific Sections of the Debenture.
                  ------------------------------------------------

                  (a) The first paragraph of the Debenture is hereby amended and
restated to read in its entirety as follows:

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                  "FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Biogan International, Inc., a Delaware
         corporation (the "Company"), promises to pay to Thomson Kernaghan &
         Co., Limited, a Canadian limited liability company (the "Holder"), the
         principal sum of Two Million One Hundred Twenty Thousand and 00/100
         Dollars (US $2,120,000) plus any Default Penalties (as that term is
         defined in the First Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement) on
         February 28, 2003 (the "Maturity Date") and to pay interest on the
         principal sum outstanding from time to time in arrears (i) prior to the
         Maturity Date, quarterly, on the last day of March, June, September and
         December of each year beginning on March 31, 2002, (ii) upon conversion
         as provided herein, or (iii) on the Maturity Date, at the rate of 8%
         per annum accruing from March 30, 2000, the date of issuance of this
         Debenture, for the initial $1,470,000 of the principal amount, and from
         the effective date of the First Amendment to the Debenture for the
         remaining $650,000. Accrual of interest on amounts outstanding
         hereunder shall continue until payment in full of the principal sum has
         been made or duly provided for."

                  (b) The following paragraph shall be added to the end of
Section 4A:

                           "Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision
         of this Debenture, the Conversion Rate for any portion of the final Six
         Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars (US $650,000) in principal amount of
         this Debenture shall not be less than $0.025 per share."

                  (c) Section 4F shall be amended and restated to read in its
entirety as follows:

                           "F.  Intentionally deleted."

                  (d) The final sentence of Section 8 is hereby amended and
restated to read in its entirety as follows:

                           "If the Holder shall elect not to convert, the
         Company may prepay all outstanding principal and accrued interest on
         this Debenture by paying the Redemption Price in accordance with
         Section 20 hereof, less all amounts required by law to be deducted, and
         the Holder's right of conversion shall terminate on the Redemption
         Notice Date."

                  (e) Section 15(k) is hereby amended and restated to read in
its entirety as follows:

                           "k. If, after the date, if any, that the Company has
         its Common Stock relisted on an exchange or the NASD's OTC Electronic
         Bulletin Board, the Company then has its Common Stock suspended from
         trading or delisted from the exchange or the NASD's OTC Electronic
         Bulletin Board for in excess of five (5) trading days."

                  (f) Section 15(m) is hereby added to read in its entirety as
follows:

                           "m. If, after August 31, 2002, the Company (1) fails
         to make and keep current public information available, as those terms
         are understood and defined in Rule 144, for in excess of five (5)
         trading days or (2) within five (5) trading days after receiving a
         written request from the Holder, fails to provide to the Holder a
         written opinion of counsel, which counsel shall be reasonably
         satisfactory to the Holder, that the current public information
         requirement of Rule 144 is satisfied."

<PAGE>

                  (g) The following paragraph shall be inserted into the
Debenture at the end of Section 15:

                           "Holder hereby waives any Event of Default that may
         have occurred from the date of issuance of this Debenture up to and
         including the effective date of the First Amendment to the Debenture."

                  (h) Section 18 is hereby amended and restated to read in its
entirety as follows:

                           "The obligations of the Company contained herein and
         in the Securities Purchase Agreement are secured by (i) that certain
         Stock Pledge Agreement (the "Pledge Agreement"), dated the date hereof,
         by and among the Company, the Holder and the holders of other
         Debentures delivered pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, if
         any, whereby the Company has delivered 28,800,000 shares of Common
         Stock to the Escrow Holder (as that term is defined in the Pledge
         Agreement), in the form attached to the Securities Purchase Agreement
         as Annex VII, and (ii) the assets of the Company (all of the foregoing
         referred to as the "Collateral").

                  On or before September 30, 2001, the Company shall file at its
own expense in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware an
executed Form UCC-1 financing statement necessary to perfect the Holder's
interest in the Collateral."

                  (i) The first sentence of Section 20A of the Debenture shall
be amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows:

                           "The Company may, at its option, repay, in whole or
         in part, the principal and interest balance of this Debenture
         outstanding on the date of the Redemption Notice (after deducting the
         principal and interest subject to outstanding Conversion Notices) at
         the Redemption Price (as defined below) without any penalty or premium
         for prepayment or otherwise."

                  (j) Section 20B shall be amended and restated to read in its
entirety as follows:

                           "B. In the event the Company serves a Redemption
         Notice, the Redemption Price shall be equal to the outstanding
         principal and interest balance of the Debenture without penalty or
         premium.

                  (k) Section 20E shall be amended and restated to read in its
entirety as follows:

                           "E. Intentionally deleted."

         2. CONSIDERATION FOR AMENDMENTS. As consideration for the amendments
set forth in Section 1 above, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby
acknowledged by the Company and the Holder, the Company shall issue Two Million
Five Hundred Thousand (2,500,000) shares of its common stock to Holder
concurrently with the execution of this First Amendment.

         3. SELLING SHORT. The Holder agrees that it shall not sell short any of
the Company's Common Stock until the earlier of the Maturity Date or the
complete payment by the Company of all amounts owed under the terms of the
Debenture. The Holder and the Company hereby acknowledge and agree that neither
the conversion of the Debenture nor the sale by the Holder of the shares of the
Company's Common Stock issued upon such conversion (the "Converted Shares")
shall be considered a short sale of the Company's Common Stock if the sale of
the Converted Shares is made in compliance with applicable law and is made after
the Holder delivers the conversion notice for the Converted Shares in compliance
with the provisions of the Debenture.

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         4. MISCELLANEOUS.

                  (a) All other terms and provisions of the Debenture not
         expressly modified by this First Amendment shall remain in full force
         and effect; provided, however, that to the extent any provisions of the
         Debenture or any of the other Transaction Agreements (as defined in the
         Securities Purchase Agreement) are in conflict with the provisions of
         this First Amendment, the provisions of this First Amendment shall
         control.

                  (b) This First Amendment, along with the other Transaction
         Agreements and the First Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement,
         shall constitute and contain the complete understanding and agreement
         of the parties hereto, and cancel and supersede any and all prior
         negotiations, correspondence, understandings and agreements, whether
         written or oral, between the parties with respect to the subject matter
         hereof.

                            |signature page follows|

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         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this First Amendment to
be effective as of the date upon which this First Amendment has been executed by
both parties to this First Amendment.

Dated:   September 24, 2001                     BIOGAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

                                                By: /S/ G. Laverdiere
                                                    ----------------------------
                                                    Its: President
                                                         -----------------------

Dated:   September 24, 2001                     THOMSON KERNAGHAN & CO., LIMITED

                                                By: /S/ Gregg Badger
                                                    ----------------------------
                                                    Its: Sr. VP & Director
                                                         -----------------------

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