Document:

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                                                                    EXHIBIT 10.5

                               AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO
                           LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT

                  This Amendment No. 1 ("Amendment No. 1") is dated as of the
6th day of August, 2002 and is by and between Congress Financial Corporation
(Central), as Agent (the 'Agent') for the lenders from time to time party to the
Loan Agreement (as defined below) (the "Lenders") and as a Lender, and Frank's
Nursery & Crafts, Inc. ("Borrower").

                                   WITNESSETH:

                  WHEREAS, Agent, Lenders and Borrower are parties to that
certain Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of May 20, 2002 (the "Loan
Agreement"), pursuant to which Lenders agreed to provide certain loans and other
financial accommodations to Borrower;

                  WHEREAS, Borrower, Agent and Lenders have now agreed, upon
certain conditions precedent in this Amendment No. 1 having been met, to amend
the Loan Agreement in certain respects;

                  NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and other
good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby
acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

                  1. Amendment to Loan Agreement. The Loan Agreement is hereby
amended as follows:

                  (a) Section 1.15(a) of the Loan Agreement is amended and
restated in its entirety as follows:

                  (a) the amount equal to: (i) the lesser of (A) eighty-five
         percent (85%) of the Net Amount of the Eligible Accounts and (B) the
         Accounts Loan Limit; plus (ii) the sum of (A) the least of (x) seventy
         percent (70%) multiplied by the Cost of the Eligible Inventory of Live
         Plants Inventory, (y) eighty-five percent (85%) of the Net Recovery
         Rate applicable to Eligible Inventory of Live Plants Inventory and (z)
         the Applicable Live Plants Sublimit; (B) the lesser of 70% multiplied
         by the Cost of Eligible Inventory of Lawn & Garden, Home Decor
         Inventory and (y) eighty-five percent (85%) of the Net Recovery Rate
         applicable to Eligible Inventory of Lawn & Garden, Home Decor
         Inventory; (C) the lesser of (x) seventy percent (70%) multiplied by
         the Cost of Eligible Inventory of Floral & Crafts Inventory and (y)
         eighty-five percent (85%) of the Net Recovery Rate applicable to
         Eligible Inventory of Floral & Crafts Inventory, (D) the lesser of (x)
         the Applicable Current Christmas Advance Rate multiplied by the Cost of
         Eligible Inventory of Current Christmas Decoration Inventory and (y)
         eighty-five percent (85%) of the Net Recovery Rate applicable to
         Eligible Inventory of Current Christmas Decoration Inventory; and (E)
         the least of (x) the Applicable Pack-Away Christmas Advance Rate
         multiplied by the Cost of the Eligible Pack-Away
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         Christmas Decoration Inventory, (y) eighty-five percent of the Net
         Recovery Rate applicable to Eligible Inventory of Pack-Away Christmas
         Decoration Inventory and (z) $500,000; plus (iii) one hundred percent
         (100%) of the Eligible In-Transit Cash as of the most recent Monday;

                  (b) A new Section 1.35A is added to the Loan Agreement at the
end of Section 1.35 of the Loan Agreement as follows:

                  1.35A "Eligible In-Transit Cash" shall mean, as of Monday of
         each week, cash collected by Borrower from the sale of Inventory during
         the immediately preceding Thursday, Friday, Saturday or Sunday which
         has not yet been remitted to the Agent Payment Account, so long as such
         cash (i) will be remitted to the Agent Payment Account no later than
         the first Tuesday following such Monday (unless such Monday or Tuesday
         is not a Business Day, in which case the first Wednesday following such
         Monday), and (ii) Agent has verified to its satisfaction the amount of
         such cash reported as collected by Borrower.

                  (c) Section 1.36 of the Loan Agreement is amended and restated
in its entirety as follows:

                  1.36 "Eligible Inventory" shall mean, Inventory consisting of
         finished goods held for resale in the ordinary course of the business
         of Borrower which are acceptable to Agent based on the criteria set
         forth below. In general, Eligible Inventory shall not include (a) raw
         materials or work-in-process; (b) components which are not part of
         finished goods; (c) spare parts for equipment; (d) packaging and
         shipping materials; (e) supplies used or consumed in Borrower's
         business; (f) Inventory at premises other than those owned and
         controlled by Borrower, except any Inventory which would otherwise be
         deemed Eligible Inventory that is not located at premises owned and
         operated by Borrower may nevertheless be considered Eligible Inventory:
         (i) as to locations which are leased by Borrower, if Agent shall have
         received a Collateral Access Agreement from the owner and lessor of
         such location, duly authorized, executed and delivered by such owner
         and lessor, or if Agent shall not have received such Collateral Access
         Agreement (or Agent shall determine to accept a Collateral Access
         Agreement that does not include all required provisions or provisions
         in the form otherwise required by Agent), Agent shall nevertheless
         consider Inventory at such location to be Eligible Inventory but Agent
         shall have established such Reserves in respect of amounts at any time
         payable by Borrower to the owner and lessor thereof as Agent shall
         determine to the extent such owner and lessor has a lien on the
         Inventory at such location that would have priority over Agent's lien;
         (ii) as to locations owned and operated by a third person, (A) if Agent
         shall have received a Collateral Access Agreement from such owner and
         operator with respect to such location, duly authorized, executed and
         delivered by such owner and operator or if Agent shall not have
         received such Collateral Access Agreement (or

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         Agent shall determine to accept a Collateral Access Agreement that does
         not include all required provisions or provisions in the form otherwise
         required by Agent), Agent shall nevertheless consider Inventory at such
         location to be Eligible Inventory but Agent shall have established
         Reserves in respect of amounts at any time payable by Borrower to the
         owner and operator thereof as Agent shall determine, and (B) in
         addition, if required by Agent, if Agent shall have received: (1) UCC
         financing statements between the owner and operator, as consignee or
         bailee and Borrower, as consignor or bailor, in form and substance
         satisfactory to Agent, which are duly assigned to Agent and (2) a
         written notice to any lender to the owner and operator of the first
         priority security interest in such Inventory of Agent; and (iii) as to
         Inventory in transit from a location outside the United States to the
         United States, (A) if such Inventory was purchased with a Letter of
         Credit, is fully paid (by banker's acceptance or cash) for and is owned
         by Borrower, (B) if the Letter of Credit to purchase such Inventory has
         been fully drawn (or cancelled) or the Reserve with respect thereto is
         one hundred percent (100%) of the amount of such Letter of Credit, (C)
         if such Inventory is fully insured, (D) if requested by Agent, such
         Inventory shall be evidenced and deliverable pursuant to negotiable
         bills of lading that have been delivered to Agent or a customs broker
         that has agreed to hold such bills of lading for the benefit of Agent
         pursuant to a Collateral Access Agreement (or if Agent agrees, such
         Inventory shall be evidenced and deliverable pursuant to non-negotiable
         bills of lading issued by a bailee in the possession of such Inventory
         in the name of Agent), (E) if Agent is satisfied with Borrower's
         ability to accurately report to Agent such Inventory (and the status of
         the Letters of Credit to purchase such Inventory), and (F) if Agent is
         otherwise satisfied with the in-transit nature of such Inventory; (g)
         Inventory subject to a security interest or lien in favor of any Person
         other than Agent except those permitted in this Agreement (but without
         limiting the right of Agent to include such Inventory as Eligible
         Inventory subject to Reserves with respect to amounts secured by such
         security interest or lien in favor of any Person even if permitted
         herein); (h) bill and hold goods; (i) Inventory held for return to
         vendors; (j) unserviceable, used, obsolete or slow moving Inventory;
         (k) Inventory which is not subject to the first priority, valid and
         perfected security interest of Agent; (l) returned, damaged and/or
         defective Inventory; (m) Inventory purchased or sold on consignment;
         (n) out-of-season outdoor live plants, trees and shrubs; (o)
         out-of-season live Christmas trees, wreaths and plants; (p) the
         Inventory described on Schedule 7.3; and (r) except for in-transit
         Inventory that is Eligible Inventory under clause (f)(iii) of this
         definition, Inventory located outside the United States of America. The
         criteria for Eligible Inventory set forth above may only be changed and
         any new criteria for Eligible Inventory may only be established by
         Agent in good faith based on either: (i) an event, condition or other
         circumstance arising after the date hereof, or (ii) an event, condition
         or other circumstance existing on the date hereof to the extent Agent
         has no written notice thereof from Borrower prior to

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         the date hereof, in either case under clause (i) or (ii) which
         adversely affects or could reasonably be expected to adversely affect
         the Inventory in the good faith determination of Agent. Any Inventory
         which is not Eligible Inventory shall nevertheless be part of the
         Collateral.

                  (d) Section 9.17 of the Loan Agreement is amended and restated
in its entirety as follows:

                  9.17. Excess Availability.

                  Borrower shall at all times have and maintain the sum of
         Excess Availability plus the amount of Cash Equivalents maintained in
         Borrower's account at SEI Private Trust Company under the control of
         Agent, of not less than $3,000,000.

                  (e) Section 9.18 of the Loan Agreement is amended to replace
the phrase "At any time Excess Availability is $9,000,000 or less" with the
phrase "At any time the sum of Excess Availability plus the amount of Cash
Equivalents maintained in Borrower's account at SEI Private Trust Company under
the control of Agent, is $9,000,000 or less".

                  2. Other Agreements. Borrower acknowledges and agrees with
Agent that the cost of Inventory that is in transit and considered Eligible
Inventory under clause (f)(iii) of the definition of Eligible Inventory shall be
its invoice cost (exclusive of freight charges).

                  3. References. Agent, Lenders and Borrower hereby agree that
all references to the Loan Agreement which are contained in any of the other
"Financing Agreements" (as that term is defined in the Loan Agreement) shall
refer to the Loan Agreement as amended by this Amendment No. 1, as such may be
amended and supplemented from time to time hereafter.

                  4. Representations and Warranties. To induce Agent and Lenders
to enter into this Amendment No. 1, Borrower hereby represents and warrants to
Agent and Lenders that:

                  (a) The execution, delivery and performance by Borrower of
this Amendment No. 1 and each of the other agreements, instruments and documents
contemplated hereby are within its corporate power, have been duly authorized by
all necessary corporate action, have received all necessary governmental
approval (if any shall be required), and do not and will not contravene or
conflict with any provision of law applicable to Borrower, the articles of
incorporation and by-laws of Borrower, any order, judgment or decree of any
court or governmental agency, or any agreement, instrument or document binding
upon Borrower or any of its property;

                  (b) Each of the Loan Agreement and the other Financing
Agreements, as amended by this Amendment No. 1, are the legal, valid and binding
obligation of Borrower enforceable against Borrower in accordance with its
terms, except as the enforcement thereof

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may be subject to (i) the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditor's rights
generally, and (ii) general principles of equity;

                  (c) The representations and warranties contained in the Loan
Agreement and the other Financing Agreements are true and accurate as of the
date hereof with the same force and effect as if such had been made on and as of
the date hereof; and

                  (d) Borrower has performed all of its obligations under the
Loan Agreement and the Financing Agreements to be performed by it on or before
the date hereof and as of the date hereof, Borrower is in compliance with all
applicable terms and provisions of the Loan Agreement and each of the Financing
Agreements to be observed and performed by it and no event of default or other
event which upon notice or lapse of time or both would constitute an event of
default has occurred.

                  5. Conditions to Effectiveness. This Amendment No. 1 shall be
effective upon delivery to Agent of a fully executed copy of this Amendment No.
1.

                  6. Counterparts. This Amendment No. 1 may be executed in any
number of counterparts and by the different parties on separate counterparts,
and each such counterpart shall be deemed to be an original, but all such
counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same Amendment No. 1.

                  7. Continued Effectiveness. Except as specifically set forth
herein, the Loan Agreement and each of the Financing Agreements shall continue
in full force and effect according to its terms.

                  8. Costs and Expenses. Borrower hereby agrees that all
expenses incurred by Agent and Lenders in connection with the preparation,
negotiation and closing of the transactions contemplated hereby, including
without limitation reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses, shall be part of the
"Obligations" (as defined in the Loan Agreement).

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                  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Amendment No. 1 has been executed as
of the day and year first written above.

                                   FRANK'S NURSERY & CRAFTS, INC., as Borrower

                                   By: /s/ Alan J. Minker
                                       ------------------
                                   Its: Senior Vice President /CFO

                                   CONGRESS FINANCIAL CORPORATION (CENTRAL),
                                   as Agent and Lender

                                   By: /s/ Gerard C. Wordell
                                       ---------------------
                                   Its: Vice President

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                                                                  EXHIBIT 10.11

                         EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

         THIS AGREEMENT, is made and entered into this 1st day of May, 2002, by
and between KENNAMETAL INC., a corporation organized under the laws of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, for and on behalf of itself and on behalf of its
subsidiary companies (hereinafter referred to as "Kennametal"), and Markos I.
Tambakeras, an individual (hereinafter referred to as "Employee") and shall be
effective as of July 1, 2002 (the "Effective Date");

                                   WITNESSETH:

         WHEREAS, Kennametal and Employee are parties to an Executive Employment
Agreement, as amended, dated as of May 4, 1999; and

         WHEREAS, Kennametal and the Employee desire to enter into this
Agreement in order to amend and restate the terms and conditions of Employee's
continued employment with Kennametal; and

         WHEREAS, Employee acknowledges that by reason of employment by
Kennametal, it is anticipated that Employee will work with, add to, create, have
access to and be entrusted with trade secrets and confidential information
belonging to Kennametal which are of a technical nature or business nature or
pertain to future developments, the disclosure of which trade secrets or
confidential information would be highly detrimental to the interests of
Kennametal;

         NOW, THEREFORE, Kennametal and Employee, each intending to be legally
bound hereby, do mutually covenant and agree as follows:

         1. (a) Kennametal hereby agrees to employ the Employee and the Employee
hereby agrees to be employed by the Company commencing on July 1, 2002 for the
Term (as defined in paragraph 1(d) below) in the position and with the duties
and responsibilities set forth in paragraph 1(b) below, and upon the other terms
and subject to the conditions hereinafter stated.

                  (b) During the Term, (i) the Employee shall serve as the
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Kennametal and as a member
of the Board of Directors, (ii) the Employee shall have general executive
supervision over the business and affairs of Kennametal, subject to the policies
and directions of, and the executive responsibilities that may be assigned to
him (which in each case shall be consistent with his position and title) by the
Board of Directors of Kennametal (the "Board of Directors"), (iii) the Employee
shall generally be responsible for supervising the development, coordination and
implementation of the strategies for Kennametal's business, and (iv) the
Employee's duties shall be performed principally at Kennametal's executive
offices which are located in the Latrobe, Pennsylvania area. A demotion in
Employee's position during the Term will be considered termination by Kennametal
prior to a Change-in-Control (as defined herein) and other than for Cause (as
defined herein).

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                  (c) The Employee shall devote his full time and attention to
the business and affairs of Kennametal; provided, however, that nothing
contained herein shall prohibit the Employee from (a) serving as a member of the
Board of Directors of any other for-profit entity so long as Employee has
obtained the prior consent of Board of Directors, or (b) engaging in charitable
and community affairs.

                  (d) The initial term of this Agreement shall be for a period
of three (3) years, commencing on July 1, 2002 and ending on June 30, 2005 (the
"Initial Term"). The Initial Term of this Agreement shall be extended by an
additional year on each anniversary of the Effective Date beginning on July 1,
2003 and each year thereafter until one party gives the other not less than
twelve (12) months written notice that this Agreement shall cease to be extended
(as so extended, the "Term").

                  (e) For the services rendered by Employee to Kennametal during
the Term, the Employee shall be paid the compensation and receive the benefits
as follows:

                           (i) Employee shall be entitled to receive a salary
at a starting rate of $780,000 per annum, payable in accordance with
Kennametal's payroll practices ("Base Salary");

                           (ii) For fiscal years beginning on or after the
Effective Date, Employee shall be eligible to receive future annual bonuses at a
target rate of 100% of Base Salary under Kennametal's bonus plan for executive
officers, the actual amount to be based on the performance of Kennametal and
Employee (the "Cash Bonus");

                           (iii) Based on his performance, Employee shall
receive stock option grants consistent with his grade on the compensation scale
as may be granted under Kennametal's executive compensation plans;

                           (iv) On the Effective Date, Employee shall receive a
one-time stock option grant for 70,000 shares of the Capital Stock of Kennametal
with an exercise price equal to fair market value as of the date of grant and
under the terms and conditions and pursuant to the Stock Option Agreement in the
form of Exhibit A attached hereto;

                           (v) Employee shall receive, on the Effective Date, a
one-time restricted stock grant for 100,000 shares of Capital Stock under the
terms and conditions and pursuant to the Restricted Stock Agreement in the form
of Exhibit B attached hereto;

                           (vi)  Based on his performance, Employee shall
receive performance share awards consistent with his grade on the compensation
scale as may be granted under Kennametal's executive compensation plans;

                           (vii) Kennametal agrees to provide Employee with
pension benefits in an amount not less than the following benefits (in the event
that the benefits Employee would receive under Kennametal's pension plans would
exceed the following benefits, Employee will receive those amounts instead of
the following benefits):

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                                    (A) If Employee is terminated by Kennametal
without Cause or for Disability (as defined herein), or if Employee terminates
his employment for Employer's Breach (as defined herein), or if Employee
terminates his employment at or after age 60, in each case in any year set forth
in Column A of Schedule I attached hereto, then Employee will be entitled to
receive from Kennametal the Lump Sum Amount (as hereinafter defined) equal to
the annual benefit set forth in the row in Column B of Schedule I corresponding
to the row in Column A of the year of termination; and

                                    (B) If Employee voluntarily terminates his
employment with Kennametal on or after July 1, 2003 in any year set forth in
Column A of Schedule I attached hereto, then Employee will be entitled to
receive from Kennametal the Lump Sum Amount equal to one-half of the annual
benefit set forth in the row in Column B of Schedule I corresponding to the row
in Column A of the year of termination.

                           "Lump Sum Amount" shall mean a single payment in an
amount equal to the present value of the relevant annual benefit determined in
accordance with the actuarial methods and assumptions used by the Pension
Benefit Guaranty Corporation for valuing immediate annuity contracts reduced by
the present value, determined in accordance with such methods, of any benefit
provided to Employee under Kennametal's other pension benefit plans.

                           (viii) Employee shall be entitled to the following
benefits: life insurance with a death benefit of not less than $1.5 million and
memberships in the Duquesne Club in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and the Rolling
Rock Club in Ligonier, Pennsylvania.

                           (ix) Employee shall receive, on the Effective Date,
a one-time restricted stock grant for 50,000 shares of Capital Stock under the
terms and conditions and pursuant to the Restricted Stock Agreement in the form
of Exhibit C attached hereto;

         2. In addition to the compensation set forth or contemplated elsewhere
herein, Employee, during the Term and subject to the terms and conditions of
this Agreement, shall be entitled to participate in all group insurance
programs, retirement income (pension) plans, thrift plans and vacation and
holiday programs normally provided for other executives of Kennametal. Nothing
herein contained shall be deemed to limit or prevent Employee, during his
employment hereunder, from being reimbursed by Kennametal for out-of-pocket
expenditures incurred for travel, lodging, meals, entertainment expenses or any
other expenses in accordance with the policies of Kennametal applicable to the
executives of Kennametal.

         3. Employee's employment may be terminated with or without any reason
for termination by either party hereto at any time by giving the other party
prior written notice thereof; provided, however, that any termination on the
part of Kennametal shall occur only if specifically authorized by its Board of
Directors; provided further, however, that termination by Kennametal for Cause
shall be made by written notice which states (i) that it is a termination for
Cause; (ii) in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide
a basis for such termination for Cause; and (iii) the effective date of such
termination of employment, which shall not be less than fifteen (15) days after
such notice is given; and provided further, however, that termination by
Employee, other than termination for Good Reason (as hereinafter defined)
following a Change-in-Control (as hereinafter defined), shall be on not less
than twelve (12)

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months prior written notice to Kennametal. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
failure of Kennametal to set forth in any notice of termination any fact of
circumstance which contributes to a showing of Cause shall not waive any right
of Kennametal hereunder or preclude Kennametal from asserting such fact or
circumstance in enforcing Kennametal's rights hereunder.

         4. (a) In the event that Employee's employment is terminated during the
Term by Kennametal prior to a Change-in-Control and other than for Cause, death
or Disability, or by Employee for Employer's Breach, Employee will be entitled
to twelve (12) months prior written notice or, in lieu thereof, payment of an
amount equal to the sum of the Base Salary then in effect plus Employee's most
recent Cash Bonus; in addition, Employee will be entitled to receive as
severance pay, in addition to all amounts due him at the Date of Termination (as
hereinafter defined), a lump sum payment equal to the product of:

                  (i) two (2)

         times

                  (ii) the sum of

                                    (x)  the Base Salary at the annual rate in
                                         effect on the Date of Termination, plus

                                    (y)  the average of the two (2) most
                                         recent Cash Bonuses received by
                                         Employee prior to the Date of
                                         Termination (as defined in paragraph
                                         4(g)).

         Additionally, all stock-based compensation previously granted to
Employee will vest immediately upon the occurrence of the events stated above in
this paragraph 4(a). All amounts will be paid and stock will vest within fifteen
(15) business days after satisfaction of the condition set forth in paragraph
hereof.

                           "Employer's Breach" shall be defined as a material
breach of this Agreement by Kennametal, including specifically any reduction in
Employee's position, authority or responsibility.

                           Such severance pay shall be paid by wire transfer to
an account designated by Employee or by delivery of a cashier's or certified
check to the Employee at Kennametal's executive offices on a date which is no
later than fifteen (15) business days satisfaction of the condition set forth in
paragraph hereof.

                  (b) In the event that Employee's employment is terminated by
Employee without Good Reason following a Change-in-Control (as hereinafter
defined) or prior to a Change-in-Control other than for Employer's Breach,
Employee will not be entitled to receive any severance pay other than the
amounts, if any, due him at the Date of Termination but will be entitled to
receive the pension benefits if due to him pursuant to the provisions of
paragraph 1(e)(vii)(B) hereof.

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<PAGE>

                  (c) In the event that, at or after a Change-in-Control and
prior to the third anniversary of the date of the Change-in-Control, Employee's
employment is terminated during the Term by Employee for Good Reason or
Employer's Breach or by Kennametal other than for Cause, death or Disability
pursuant to paragraph 5, then Employee will receive as severance pay (in
addition to all other amounts due him at the Date of Termination) an amount
equal to the product of:

                           (i) three (3)

                  times

                           (ii) the sum of

                                    (x) the Base Salary in effect on the Date
                                        of Termination, plus

                                    (y) the average of the three (3) most recent
                                        Cash Bonuses received by Employee prior
                                        to the Date of Termination.

                           Such severance pay shall be paid by wire transfer to
an account designated by Employee or by delivery of a cashier's or certified
check to the Employee at Kennametal's executive offices on a date which is no
later than fifteen (15) business days satisfaction of the condition set forth in
paragraph hereof.

                           If there is a Change-in-Control, and if Employee
elects to terminate his employment for any reason or no reason during the thirty
(30) day period commencing twelve (12) months after the date of the
Change-in-Control, the Employee shall be paid severance benefits as though
Employee had been terminated by Kennametal without Cause pursuant to this
paragraph 4(c).

                           In addition to the severance payments provided for
in this paragraph 4(c), Employee also will receive the same or equivalent
medical, dental, disability and group insurance benefits as were provided to the
Employee at the Date of Termination, which benefits shall be provided to
Employee for a three year period commencing on the Date of Termination. The
Employee shall also be deemed and shall be credited for computing benefits, for
vesting and for all other purposes under any pension or retirement income plan
of Kennametal (including any supplemental retirement plan) to have continuously
remained in the employment of Kennametal for the three year period following the
Date of Termination at an annual compensation equal to the sum of the Base
Salary and Cash Bonus which were used to compute the payment due the Employee
under the first paragraph of this paragraph 4(c).

                  (d) If for any reason, whether by law or provisions of
Kennametal's employee medical, dental or group insurance, pension or retirement
plan or other benefit plans, any benefits which the Employee would be entitled
to under the foregoing paragraph 4(c) cannot be paid pursuant to such employee
benefit plans, then Kennametal hereby contractually agrees to pay to the
Employee the difference between the benefits which the Employee would have
received in accordance with the foregoing paragraph 4(c) if the relevant
employee medical, dental or group insurance or pension or retirement plan or
other benefit plan could have paid such benefit and the

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<PAGE>

amount of benefits, if any, actually paid by such employee medical, dental or
group insurance or pension or retirement plan or other benefit plan. Kennametal
shall not be required to fund its obligation to pay the foregoing difference.

                  (e) In the event of a termination of employment under the
circumstances described above in paragraph 4(a) or paragraph 4(c), Employee
shall have no duty to seek any other employment after termination of Employee's
employment with Kennametal and Kennametal hereby waives and agrees not to raise
or use any defense based on the position that Employee had a duty to mitigate or
reduce the amounts due him hereunder by seeking other employment whether
suitable or unsuitable and should Employee obtain other employment, then the
only effect of such on the obligations of Kennametal hereunder shall be that
Kennametal shall be entitled to credit against any payments which would
otherwise be made for medical, dental or group insurance or similar benefits
(excluding, however, any credit against Kennametal payments relating to pension
or retirement benefits including under any supplemental retirement plan)
pursuant to the benefit provisions set forth in paragraph 4(c) hereof, any
comparable payments to which Employee is entitled under the employee benefit
plans maintained by Employee's other employer or employers in connection with
services to such employer or employers after termination of his employment with
Kennametal.

                  (f) The term "Change-in-Control" shall mean a change in
control of a nature that would be required to be reported in response to Item
6(e) of Schedule 14A promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as in
effect on the date hereof ("1934 Act"), or if Item 6(e) is no longer in effect,
any regulations issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the
1934 Act which serve similar purposes; provided that, without limitation, such a
change in control shall be deemed to have occurred if (A) Kennametal shall be
merged or consolidated with any corporation or other entity other than a merger
or consolidation with a corporation or other entity all of whose equity
interests are owned by Kennametal immediately prior to the merger or
consolidation, or (B) Kennametal shall sell all or substantially all of its
operating properties and assets to another person, group of associated persons
or corporation, or (C) any "person" (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and
14(d) of the 1934 Act), is or becomes a beneficial owner, directly or
indirectly, of securities of Kennametal representing 25% or more of the combined
voting power of Kennametal's then outstanding securities coupled with or
followed by the existence of a majority of the board of directors of Kennametal
consisting of persons other than persons who either were directors of Kennametal
immediately prior to or were nominated by those persons who were directors of
Kennametal immediately prior to such person becoming a beneficial owner,
directly or indirectly, of securities of Kennametal representing 25% or more of
the combined voting power of Kennametal's then outstanding securities.

                  (g) For purposes of this agreement "Date of Termination"
shall mean:

                           (i) if Employee's employment is terminated due to
his death or retirement, the date of death or retirement, respectively; or

                           (ii) if Employee's employment is terminated for any
other reason, the date on which the termination becomes effective as stated in
the written notice of termination given to or by the Employee or, if no written
notice is given, the date determined by Kennametal in good faith.

                                      -6-
<PAGE>

                  (h) The term "Good Reason" for termination by the Employee
shall mean the occurrence of any of the following at or after a
Change-in-Control:

                           (i) without the Employee's express written consent,
the assignment to the Employee of any duties materially and substantially
inconsistent with his positions, duties, responsibilities and status with
Kennametal immediately prior to a Change-in-Control, or a material change in his
reporting responsibilities, titles or offices as in effect immediately prior to
a Change-in-Control, or any removal of the Employee from or any failure to
re-elect the Employee to any of such positions, except in connection with the
termination of the Employee's employment due to Cause or as a result of the
Employee's death;

                           (ii) a reduction by Kennametal in the Employee's
base salary as in effect immediately prior to any Change-in-Control;

                           (iii) a failure by Kennametal to continue to provide
incentive compensation, under the rules by which incentives are provided,
comparable to that provided by Kennametal immediately prior to any
Change-in-Control;

                           (iv) the failure by Kennametal to continue in effect
any benefit or compensation plan, stock option plan, pension plan, life
insurance plan, health and accident plan or disability plan in which Employee is
participating immediately prior to a Change-in-Control (provided, however, that
there shall not be deemed to be any such failure if Kennametal substitutes for
the discontinued plan, a plan providing Employee with substantially similar
benefits) or the taking of any action by Kennametal which would adversely affect
Employee's participation in or materially reduce Employee's benefits under any
of such plans or deprive Employee of any material fringe benefit enjoyed by
Employee immediately prior to a Change-in-Control;

                           (v) the failure of Kennametal to obtain the
assumption of this Agreement by any successor as contemplated in paragraph 11
hereof;

                           (vi) the relocation of the Employee to a facility or
a location more than 60 miles from the Employee's then present location and more
than 50 miles from Employee's then present primary residence without the
Employee's prior written consent; or

                           (vii) any purported termination of the employment of
Employee by Kennametal which is not for Cause as provided in paragraph 5.

         5. (a) In the event that Employee:

                  (i) shall be guilty of malfeasance, willful misconduct or
gross negligence in the performance of the services contemplated by this
Agreement;

                  (ii) shall willfully, deliberately and continually fail to
perform his duties or to implement the policies or directives of the Board of
Directors after written demand is delivered to the Employee by the Board of
Directors which specifically identifies the manner in which the Board of
Directors believes that the Employee has failed to perform his duties or
implement the policies or directives of the Board of Directors, and such failure
has not been cured within thirty (30) days after such written demand;

                                      -7-
<PAGE>

                  (iii) shall not make his services available to Kennametal on a
full time basis in accordance with paragraph 1 hereof for any reason prior to
termination excluding Disability or Employee's incapacity due to physical or
mental illness or injury which does not constitute Disability after written
demand is delivered to the Employee by the Board of Directors which specifically
identifies the manner in which the Board of Directors believes that the Employee
has failed to make his services available to Kennametal on a full time basis,
and such failure has not been cured within thirty (30) days after such written
demand;

                  (iv) shall intentionally or recklessly breach or shall breach
in any material respect any of the provisions of paragraphs 7, 8 or 9 of this
Agreement; or

                  (v) shall be convicted of a felony

                  (each of the matters described in subparagraphs (i), (ii),
(iii), (iv) and (v)) above shall be "Cause"), Kennametal shall have the right,
exercised by resolution adopted by a majority of its Board of Directors, to
terminate Employee's employment for Cause by giving prior written notice of
termination pursuant to Section 3 hereof to Employee of its election so to do
together with a reasonable opportunity for the Employee to appear with counsel
before the Board of Directors prior to the effective date of such termination of
employment to respond to such notice of termination. "Cause" shall not be deemed
to include opposition by Employee to a Change-in-Control or any matter
incidental thereto and any determination by the Board of Directors that "Cause"
existed shall not be final or binding upon the Employee or his rights hereunder
or entitled to any deference in any court or other tribunal.

                  (b) In that event, Employee's employment shall be deemed
terminated for Cause, Kennametal shall not be obligated to pay and Employee
shall not be entitled to the benefits set forth in paragraphs 1 and 4; provided,
however, that Kennametal shall have the obligation to pay Employee the unpaid
portion of Employee's Base Salary for the period from the last period from which
Employee was paid to the Date of Termination.

                  (c) Kennametal shall have the right to terminate Employee's
employment due to Disability. If Employee's employment is terminated as a result
of the Disability of Employee, the benefits set forth in paragraphs 1 and 4
shall not be paid or payable but Employee shall be entitled to receive the
annual supplement under the supplemental retirement plan pursuant to paragraph
1(e)(vii)(A) hereof and Employee's employment by Kennametal shall not be deemed
terminated for purposes of the Long-Term Disability Plan, Retirement Income Plan
for US Salaried Employees or any other benefit plan which so provides.

                  For purposes of this agreement "Disability" shall mean such
incapacity due to physical or mental illness or injury which results in the
Employee's being absent from his principal office at Kennametal's offices for
the entire portion of 180 consecutive business days.

                                      -8-
<PAGE>

         6. Nothing herein contained shall affect the right of Employee to
participate in and receive benefits under and in accordance with the then
current provisions of any retirement income, profit-sharing, additional year-end
or periodic remuneration or bonus, incentive compensation, insurance or any
other employee welfare plan or program of Kennametal and all payments hereunder
shall be in addition to any benefits received thereunder (including long term
disability payments).

         7. (a) Employee acknowledges that Kennametal and its affiliates and
subsidiaries by nature of their respective businesses have a legitimate and
protectable interest in their customers and employees with whom they have
established significant relationships as a result of a substantial investment of
time and money and, but for his employment hereunder, Employee would not have
had contact with such customers and employees. Employee agrees that during the
period of Employee's employment with Kennametal and for a period of two (2)
years after termination of Employee's employment for any reason (the
"Non-Solicit Period"), Employee will not (except in his capacity as an employee
of Kennametal), directly or indirectly, for Employee's own account, or as an
agent, employee, director, owner, partner, or consultant of any corporation,
firm, partnership, joint venture, syndicate, sole proprietorship or other entity
which has a place of business:

                           (x) solicit or induce, or attempt to solicit or
induce any client or customer of Kennametal or any of its subsidiaries or
affiliates not to do business with Kennametal or any of its subsidiaries or
affiliates; or

                           (y) solicit or induce, or attempt to solicit or
induce, any employee or agent of Kennametal or any of its subsidiaries or
affiliates to terminate his or her relationship with Kennametal or any of its
subsidiaries or affiliates.

                  (b) Neither the Employee nor Kennametal will at any time
(whether during or after termination of Employee's employment with Kennametal)
knowingly make any statement, written or oral, or take any other action relating
to the other party that would disparage or otherwise harm such party, its
business or his reputation or, in the case of Kennametal, its affiliates and
subsidiaries, the reputation of any of its employees, officers and directors.

         8. During the period of employment of Employee by Kennametal and for
three (3) years thereafter (provided, however, that this paragraph 8 shall not
apply to the Employee following a termination of Employee's employment (x) if a
Change-in-Control shall have occurred prior to the Date of Termination or (y) if
Employee's employment is terminated by Kennametal other than for Cause or by
Employee due to Employer's Breach), Employee will not, in any geographic area in
which Kennametal is offering its services and products, without the prior
written consent of Kennametal:

                  (a) directly or indirectly engage in, or

                  (b) assist or have an active interest in (whether as
proprietor, partner, investor, shareholder, officer, director or any type of
principal whatsoever), or

                                      -9-
<PAGE>

                  (c) enter the employ of, or act as agent for, or advisor or
consultant to, any person, firm, partnership, association, corporation or
business organization, entity or enterprise which is or is about to become
directly or indirectly engaged in,

                  any business which is competitive with any business of
Kennametal or any subsidiary or affiliate thereof in which Employee is or was
engaged; provided, however, that the foregoing provisions of this paragraph 8
are not intended to prohibit and shall not prohibit Employee from purchasing,
for investment, not in excess of 1% of any class of stock or other corporate
security of any company which is registered pursuant to Section 12 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

                  Employee acknowledges that the breach by him of the provisions
of this paragraph 8 would cause irreparable injury to Kennametal, acknowledges
and agrees that remedies at law for any such breach will be inadequate and
consents and agrees that Kennametal shall be entitled, without the necessity of
proof of actual damage, to injunctive relief in any proceedings which may be
brought to enforce the provisions of this paragraph 8. Employee acknowledges and
warrants that he will be fully able to earn an adequate livelihood for himself
and his dependents if this paragraph 8 should be specifically enforced against
him and that such enforcement will not impair his ability to obtain employment
commensurate with his abilities and fully acceptable to him.

                  If the scope of any restriction contained in this paragraph 8
is too broad to permit enforcement of such restriction to its full extent, then
such restriction shall be enforced to the maximum extent permitted by law and
Employee and Kennametal hereby consent and agree that such scope may be
judicially modified in any proceeding brought to enforce such restriction.

         9. (a) Employee acknowledges and agrees that in the course of his
employment by Kennametal, Employee may work with, add to, create or acquire
trade secrets and confidential information ("Confidential Information") which
could include, in whole or in part, information:

                  (i) of a technical nature such as, but not limited to,
Kennametal's manuals, methods, know-how, formulae, shapes, designs,
compositions, processes, applications, ideas, improvements, discoveries,
inventions, research and development projects, equipment, apparatus, appliances,
computer programs, software, systems documentation, special hardware, software
development and similar items; or

                  (ii) of a business nature such as, but not limited to,
information about business plans, sources of supply, cost, purchasing, profits,
markets, sales, sales volume, sales methods, sales proposals, identity of
customers and prospective customers, identity of customers' key purchasing
personnel, amount or kind of customers' purchases and other information about
customers; or

                  (iii) pertaining to future developments such as, but not
limited to, research and development or future marketing or merchandising.

         Employee further acknowledges and agrees that (i) all Confidential
Information is the property of Kennametal; (ii) the unauthorized use,
misappropriation or disclosure of any

                                      -10-
<PAGE>

Confidential Information would constitute a breach of trust and could cause
irreparable injury to Kennametal; and (iii) it is essential to the protection of
Kennametal's goodwill and to the maintenance of its competitive position that
all Confidential Information be kept secret and that Employee not disclose any
Confidential Information to others or use any Confidential Information to the
detriment of Kennametal.

         Employee agrees to hold and safeguard all Confidential Information in
trust for Kennametal, its successors and assigns and Employee shall not (except
as required in the performance of Employee's duties), use or disclose or make
available to anyone for use outside Kennametal's organization at any time,
either during employment with Kennametal or subsequent thereto, any of the
Confidential Information, whether or not developed by Employee, without the
prior written consent of Kennametal.

         (b) Employee agrees that:

                  (i) he will promptly and fully disclose to Kennametal or such
officer or other agent as may be designated by Kennametal any and all inventions
made or conceived by Employee (whether made solely by Employee or jointly with
others) during employment with Kennametal (A) which are along the line of the
business, work or investigations of Kennametal, or (B) which result from or are
suggested by any work which Employee may do for or on behalf of Kennametal; and

                  (ii) he will assist Kennametal and its nominees during and
subsequent to such employment in every proper way (entirely at its or their
expense) to obtain for its or their own benefit patents for such inventions in
any and all countries; the said inventions, without further consideration other
than such salary as from time to time may be paid to him by Kennametal as
compensation for his services in any capacity, shall be and remain the sole and
exclusive property of Kennametal or its nominee whether patented or not; and

                  (iii) he will keep and maintain adequate and current written
records of all such inventions, in the form of but not necessarily limited to
notes, sketches, drawings, or reports relating thereto, which records shall be
and remain the property of and available to Kennametal at all times.

         (c) Employee agrees that, promptly upon termination of his employment,
he will disclose to Kennametal, or to such officer or other agent as may be
designated by Kennametal, all inventions which have been partly or wholly
conceived, invented or developed by him for which applications for patents have
not been made and shall thereafter execute all such instruments of the character
hereinbefore referred to, and will take such steps as may be necessary to secure
and assign to Kennametal the exclusive rights in and to such inventions and any
patents that may be issued thereon any expense therefor to be borne by
Kennametal.

         (d) Employee agrees that he will not at any time aid in attacking the
patentability, scope, or validity of any invention to which the provisions of
subparagraphs (b) and (c), above, apply.

                                      -11-
<PAGE>

         10. In the event that (a) Employee institutes any legal action to
enforce his rights under, or to recover damages for breach of this Agreement, or
(b) Kennametal institutes any action to avoid making any payments due to
Employee under this Agreement, Employee, if he is the prevailing party, shall be
entitled to recover from Kennametal any actual expenses for attorney's fees and
other disbursements incurred by him in relation thereto (the "FEE
REIMBURSEMENT"). If Employee is required to pay federal, state or local income
or other taxes ("Income Taxes") on any Fee Reimbursement, then Kennametal shall
pay to the Employee an amount of cash sufficient to "gross-up" such Fee
Reimbursement so that the Fee Reimbursement is not diminished by any such Income
Taxes that are imposed on the Fee Reimbursement or on Kennametal's gross-up
hereunder. Except as set forth above, Employee's sole and exclusive remedy for
breach of this Agreement by Kennametal shall be recovery of the amounts due to
Employee for Employer's Breach in paragraphs 1(e)(vii) and 4(a) and 4(c).
Employee acknowledges that Employee's actual damages in the event of Employer's
Breach would be difficult to determine and that such amount is a reasonable
amount of liquidated damages for any such Employer's Breach.

         11. The terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon,
and shall inure to the benefit of, Employee and Kennametal, it subsidiaries and
affiliates and their respective successors and assigns.

         12. From and after the Effective Date, this Agreement constitutes the
entire Agreement between the parties hereto and supersedes all prior agreements
and understandings, whether oral or written, among the parties with respect to
the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may not be amended orally, but only by
an instrument in writing signed by each of the parties to this Agreement.

         13. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this
Agreement shall not affect the other provisions hereof, and this Agreement shall
be construed in all respects as if such invalid or unenforceable provision were
omitted.

         14. Any pronoun and any variation thereof used in this agreement shall
be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular or plural, as
the identity of the parties hereto may require.

         15. It shall be a condition to Kennametal's obligations to make any
severance payment or to provide any benefits hereunder (including, but not
limited to, the vesting of any stock-based compensation) upon a termination of
the Employee's employment that the Employee deliver, and not revoke within the
period provided therein, on or before the making of any such severance payment
or the providing of any such benefit, a release in the form of Exhibit D
attached hereto.

         16. If any payments or benefits received or to be received by Employee
under paragraph 4(c) of this Agreement or any other payments (the "Severance
Payments") will be subject to the tax (the "Excise Tax") imposed by Section 4999
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or any similar
tax that may hereafter be imposed, Kennametal shall pay to Employee, at the time
specified below, an additional amount (the "Excise Tax Payment") such that the
amount retained by Employee, after deduction of any Excise Tax on the Severance
Payments and any Income Taxes and Excise Tax upon the payment provided for by
this paragraph 16(a), but not including any deduction for Income Taxes on the
original amount of the Severance Payments, shall be equal to the Severance
Payments.

                                      -12-
<PAGE>

                  For purposes of determining whether any of the Severance
Payments will be subject to the Excise Tax and the amount of such Excise Tax,
(i) all Severance Payments shall be treated as "parachute payments" within the
meaning of Section 280G(b)(2) of the Code, and all "excess parachute payments"
within the meaning of Section 280G(b)(1) shall be treated as subject to the
Excise Tax, unless in the opinion of tax counsel selected by the Board of
Directors, such Severance Payments (in whole or in part) do not constitute
parachute payments, or such excess parachute payments (in whole or in part)
represent reasonable compensation for services actually rendered within the
meaning of Section 280G(b)(4) of the Code in excess of the base amount within
the meaning of Section 280G(b)(3) of the Code, or are otherwise not subject to
the Excise Tax, (ii) the amount of the Severance Payments which shall be treated
as subject to the Excise Tax shall be equal to the lesser of (A) the total
amount of the Severance Payments or (B) the amount of excess parachute payments
within the meaning of Section 280G(b)(1) (after applying clause (i), above), and
(iii) the value of any non-cash benefits or any deferred payment or benefit
shall be determined by Kennametal's independent auditors in accordance with the
principles of Section 280G(d)(3) and (4) of the Code.

                  For purposes of determining the amount of the Excise Tax
Payment, Employee shall be deemed to pay federal income taxes at Employee's
highest marginal rate of federal income taxation in the calendar year in which
the Excise Tax Payment is to be made and state and local income taxes at
Employee's highest marginal rate of taxation in the state and locality of
Employee's residence on the first date that Employee is entitled to receive
Severance Payments under this Agreement, net of the maximum reduction in federal
income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local
taxes.

                  In the event that the Excise Tax is subsequently determined to
be less than the amount taken into account hereunder, Employee shall repay to
Kennametal at the time that the amount of such reduction in Excise Tax is
finally determined the portion of the Excise Tax Payment attributable to such
reduction (plus the portion of the Excise Tax Payment attributable to the Excise
Tax and federal and state and local income tax imposed on the Excise Tax Payment
being repaid by Employee if such repayment results in a reduction in Excise Tax
and/or a federal and state and local income tax deduction) plus interest on the
amount of such repayment from the date the Excise Tax Payment was initially made
to the date of repayment at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the
Code (the "Applicable Rate"); provided, however, the amount that Employee is
required to repay to Kennametal under this paragraph shall not exceed the amount
receivable by Employee in a refund or as a credit plus interest thereon
calculated as set forth above.

                  In the event that the Excise Tax is determined to exceed the
amount taken into account hereunder, Kennametal shall make an additional Excise
Tax Payment in respect of such excess (plus any interest payable with respect to
such excess) at the time that the amount of such excess is finally determined.
Any payment to be made to Employee under this paragraph shall be payable within
five (5) business days of Employee's Date of Termination (or within five (5)
business days of Employee's earlier cessation of active service).

                                      -13-
<PAGE>

         17. This agreement shall be governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania without regard to its conflict or choice of law provisions.

         WITNESS the due execution hereto the day and year first above written.

WITNESS:                                    KENNAMETAL INC.

      /s/ DEBORAH A. HANKS               By:   /s/ WILLIAM R. NEWLIN
------------------------------               -----------------------------------
                                                   William R. Newlin
                                                  Chairman of the Board
                                             Chairman of the Executive Committee

WITNESS:                                    EMPLOYEE:

    /s/ CECILE G. MITCHELL                       /s/ MARKOS I. TAMBAKERAS
------------------------------               -----------------------------------
                                                   Markos I. Tambakeras

                                      -14-
<PAGE>

                                                                      Schedule I

                           SUPPLEMENTAL BENEFITS TABLE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       COLUMN A                                                               COLUMN B
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  YEAR OF TERMINATION                            TOTAL ANNUAL BENEFIT   TOTAL ANNUAL BENEFIT   TOTAL ANNUAL BENEFIT
  -------------------                                   AT AGE 60              AT AGE 63              AT AGE 66
                                                         -------                -------                -------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S>                                              <C>                    <C>                     <C>

         2002                                                                                        $179,800
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         2003                                                                                         200,679
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         2004                                                                                         226,806
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         2005                                                                                         257,309
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         2006                                                                                         289,822
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         2007                                                                                         325,748
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         2008                                                                 $364,408
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         2009                                                                  406,336
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2010 and beyond                                    $392,722
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

</TABLE>

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