Document:

Amd. No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement - Terry R. McCormack

 Exhibit 10.37 
 Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Terry R. McCormack 
 This Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of December 15, 2008, as amended (the “Agreement”) by and between Affinia Group Inc. (the
“Company”) and Terry R. McCormack (“Executive”) is made this 29th day of August 2012. Capitalized terms used herein without definition have the meanings assigned to such terms under the Agreement. 

The Company and Executive have determined that it is in their best interests to amend the Agreement to provide for an automatic extension
of the Employment Term upon the occurrence of a Change of Control. In consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein and the continued employment of Executive by the Company, the parties agree as follows: 

1. Term of Employment. Section 1 of the Agreement is hereby amended to add a new proviso at the end of the last sentence of
Section 1 to read as follows: 
 “; provided further that, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in
the Affinia Group Holdings Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan) during the Employment Term, the Employment Term shall be automatically extended until the first December 31 following the 24 month anniversary of the Change of Control date.”

 2. Except as expressly amended hereby, the terms of the Agreement shall be and remain unchanged and the Agreement as amended
hereby shall remain in full force and effect. 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and Executive have caused this Amendment to be
duly executed. 
  

			
	AFFINIA GROUP INC.
		
		 	 /s/ Steven E. Keller

	By:	 	Steven E. Keller
		 	Senior Vice President
		
		 	 /s/ Terry R. McCormack

		 	Terry R. McCormackAmd. No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement - Keith A. Wilson

 Exhibit 10.38 
 Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Keith A. Wilson 
 This Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of December 15, 2008, as amended (the “Agreement”) by and between Affinia Group Inc. (the
“Company”) and Keith A. Wilson (“Executive”) is made this 29th day of August 2012. Capitalized terms used herein without definition have the meanings assigned to such terms under the Agreement. 

The Company and Executive have determined that it is in their best interests to amend the Agreement to provide for an automatic extension
of the Employment Term upon the occurrence of a Change of Control. In consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein and the continued employment of Executive by the Company, the parties agree as follows: 

1. Term of Employment. Section 1 of the Agreement is hereby amended to add a new proviso at the end of the last sentence of
Section 1 to read as follows: 
 “; provided further that, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in
the Affinia Group Holdings Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan) during the Employment Term, the Employment Term shall be automatically extended until the first December 31 following the 24 month anniversary of the Change of Control date.”

 2. Except as expressly amended hereby, the terms of the Agreement shall be and remain unchanged and the Agreement as amended
hereby shall remain in full force and effect. 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and Executive have caused this Amendment to be
duly executed. 
  

			
	AFFINIA GROUP INC.
		
		 	 /s/ Terry R. McCormack

	By:	 	Terry R. McCormack
		 	Chief Executive Officer
		
		 	 /s/ Keith A. Wilson

		 	Keith A. WilsonAmendment No.1 to the Advisory Agreement

 Exhibit 10.39 
 AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO THE ADVISORY AGREEMENT 
 This Amendment No. 1 to
the Advisory Agreement dated as of January 1, 2011 (the “Advisory Agreement”) among Affinia Group Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), Affinia Group Intermediate Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation
(“Intermediate”), Affinia Group Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Parent”) and Torque Capital Group LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Torque”) is entered into on August 30, 2012 with an effective
date as of July 1, 2012. 
 WHEREAS, Torque, Parent, Intermediate and the Company desire to amend the Advisory Agreement to
extend the period during which Torque would provide advisory services and to make other mutually agreed modifications. 
 NOW,
THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing recitals and the covenants and conditions herein set forth, the parties hereto agree as follows: 
  

	 	1.	Section 3 (a) of the Advisory Agreement is hereby amended to delete the number “2.4” and replace it with the number “3.6”.

  

	 	2.	Sections 3 (a) and 3 (b) of the Advisory Agreement are hereby amended to delete the date “June 30, 2012” and replace it with the date “March
31, 2013”. 

  

	 	3.	Section 3 (d) of the Advisory Agreement is hereby amended to delete the number “5.4” and replace it with the number “6.6”.

  

	 	4.	Section 6 of the Advisory Agreement is hereby amended to delete the number “90” and replace it with the number “30”. 

 

	 	5.	Except as expressly amended hereby, the terms of the Advisory Agreement shall be and remain unchanged and the Agreement as amended hereby shall remain in full force and
effect. 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Amendment No. 1 to be executed and delivered by
their duly authorized officers or agents as set forth below. 
  
  

			
	TORQUE CAPITAL GROUP LLC
		
	By:	 	/s/ Joseph E. Parzick
		 	  

		 	 Name: Joseph E. Parzick

Title:   Managing Partner

  

 
			
	AFFINIA GROUP INC.
		
	By:	 	/s/ Steven E. Keller
		 	  

		 	 Name: Steven E. Keller

Title:   Senior Vice President

 
			
	
	AFFINIA GROUP INTERMEDIATE HOLDINGS INC.
		
	By:	 	/s/ Steven E. Keller
		 	  

		 	 Name: Steven E. Keller

Title:   Senior Vice President

 
			
	
	AFFINIA GROUP HOLDINGS INC.
		
	By:	 	/s/ Steven E. Keller
		 	  

		 	 Name: Steven E. Keller

Title:   Senior Vice PresidentAt Market Issuance Sales Agreement

 Exhibit 10.1 
 ACELRX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 
 Common Stock 

(par value $0.001 per share) 
 At Market Issuance Sales Agreement 
 August 31, 2012 

MLV & Co. LLC 
 1251 Avenue of the
Americas 
 41St Floor 
 New
York, New York 10020 
 Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”) with MLV & Co. LLC (“MLV”), as
follows: 
 1. Issuance and Sale of Shares. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement,
on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell through MLV, shares (the “Placement Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”)
provided however, that in no event shall the Company issue or sell through MLV such number of Placement Shares that (a) would cause the Company not to satisfy the eligibility requirements for use of Form S-3 (including, if applicable,
Instruction I.B.6 thereof), (b) exceeds the number of shares of Common Stock registered on the effective Registration Statement (as defined below) pursuant to which the offering is being made, or (c) exceeds the number of authorized but
unissued shares of the Common Stock (the lesser of (a), (b), and (c), the “Maximum Amount”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in this
Section 1 on the number of Placement Shares issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company and that MLV shall have no obligation in connection with such compliance. The issuance and sale of Placement
Shares through MLV will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement (as defined below) filed by the Company and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”), although nothing in this
Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration Statement to issue any Placement Shares. 
 The
Company has filed, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Securities Act Regulations”), with the Commission
a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-183237), including a base prospectus, relating to certain securities, including the Placement Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference, to the
extent provided for under Form S-3, documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations
thereunder. The Company has prepared a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus to be included as part of such registration statement specifically relating to the Placement Shares (the “Prospectus Supplement”). The Company will

 
furnish to MLV, for use by MLV, copies of the prospectus included as part of such registration statement, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, relating to the Placement Shares. Except
where the context otherwise requires, such registration statement, including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with
the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations or deemed to be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Securities Act Regulations, is herein called the “Registration
Statement.” The base prospectus, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, in the form in which such prospectus and/or
Prospectus Supplement have most recently been filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations, together with the then issued Issuer Free Writing Prospectus(es), is herein called the
“Prospectus.” Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein, and any reference
herein to the terms “amend,” “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing after the execution hereof of any document with
the Commission deemed to be incorporated by reference therein (the “Incorporated Documents”). 
 For purposes
of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include the most recent copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering Analysis
and Retrieval System, or if applicable, the Interactive Data Electronic Application system when used by the Commission (collectively, “EDGAR”). 
 2. Placements. Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Placement Shares hereunder (each, a “Placement”), it will notify MLV by email notice (or other method mutually
agreed to in writing by the parties) of the number of Placement Shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of Placement Shares that may be sold in any one day and any minimum price
below which sales may not be made (a “Placement Notice”), the form of which is attached hereto as Schedule 1. The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the individuals from the Company set forth on Schedule 3
(with a copy to each of the other individuals from the Company listed on such schedule), and shall be addressed to each of the individuals from MLV set forth on Schedule 3, as such Schedule 3 may be amended from time to time. The
Placement Notice shall be effective unless and until (i) MLV declines to accept the terms contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion by email notice to the Company within one Business Day (as defined below) from the time the
Placement Notice is received, (ii) the entire amount of the Placement Shares thereunder have been sold, (iii) the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice or (iv) this Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of
Section 13. The amount of any discount, commission or other compensation to be paid by the Company to MLV in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares shall be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in Schedule 2. It is
expressly acknowledged and agreed that neither the Company nor MLV will have any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to MLV and MLV does not decline such
Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice
will control. 

  
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 3. Sale of Placement Shares by MLV. 

(a) Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, MLV will use its
commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the NASDAQ Global Market (the “Exchange”), to sell the Placement
Shares up to the amount specified, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. MLV will provide written confirmation to the Company no later than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined below) immediately following the
Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day, the compensation payable by the Company to MLV pursuant to Section 2 with respect to such sales, and the
Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable by MLV to the Company, with an itemization of the deductions made by MLV (as set forth in Section 5(b)) from the gross proceeds that it receives from such sales. Subject to the terms of the
Placement Notice, MLV shall sell Placement Shares only by methods deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act Regulations, including without limitation sales made directly on the Exchange, on
any other existing trading market for the Common Stock or to or through a market maker. Subject to the terms of a Placement Notice and only with the Company’s prior written consent, MLV may also sell Placement Shares by any other method
permitted by law, including but not limited to in privately negotiated transactions. “Trading Day” means any day on which shares of Common Stock are purchased and sold on the Exchange. 

(b) During the term of this Agreement, neither MLV nor any of its affiliates or subsidiaries shall engage in (i) any short sale of
any security of the Company, (ii) any sale of any security of the Company that MLV does not own or any sale which is consummated by the delivery of a security of the Company borrowed by, or for the account of, MLV or (iii) any
market-making, bidding, stabilization or other trading activity with respect to the Common Stock or related derivative securities if such activity would be prohibited under Regulation M or other anti-manipulation rules under the Securities Act.
Neither MLV nor any of its affiliates or subsidiaries shall engage in any proprietary trading or trading for MLV’s (or its affiliates’ or subsidiaries’) own account. 

4. Suspension of Sales. The Company or MLV may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence to
each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed
immediately by verifiable facsimile transmission or email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3), suspend any sale of Placement Shares; provided, however, that such suspension shall
not affect or impair any party’s obligations with respect to any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such notice. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this Section 4 shall be effective against any other
party unless it is made to one of the individuals named on Schedule 3 hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. 

  
 3 

 5. Sale and Delivery to MLV; Settlement. 

(a) Sale of Placement Shares. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms
and conditions herein set forth, unless MLV declines to accept the terms of a Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Placement Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this
Agreement, MLV, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such Placement Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in
accordance with, the terms of such Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance that MLV will be successful in selling Placement Shares, (ii) MLV will incur no liability or obligation to the
Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by MLV to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and
regulations to sell such Placement Shares as required under this Agreement and (iii) MLV shall be under no obligation to purchase Placement Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by MLV and the
Company. 
 (b) Settlement of Placement Shares. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable
Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares will occur on the third (3rd) Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading) following the date on which such sales are made (each, a “Settlement Date”). The amount of
proceeds to be delivered to the Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the “Net Proceeds”) will be equal to the aggregate sales price received by MLV, after deduction for (i) MLV’s
commission, discount or other compensation for such sales payable by the Company pursuant to Section 2 hereof, and (ii) any transaction fees imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales. 

(c) Delivery of Placement Shares. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to,
electronically transfer the Placement Shares being sold by crediting MLV’s or its designee’s account (provided MLV shall have given the Company written notice of such designee a reasonable period of time prior to the Settlement Date) at
The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System (“DWAC”) or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto which in all cases shall be freely tradable,
transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On each Settlement Date, MLV will deliver the related Net Proceeds to an account designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date in funds made available on the same day. MLV
will be responsible for providing DWAC instructions or instructions for delivery by other means with regard to the transfer of Placement Shares being sold. If the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver
Placement Shares on a Settlement Date through no fault of MLV, the Company agrees that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Section 11(a) hereto, it will (i) hold MLV harmless against any loss,
claim, damage, or expense (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company or its transfer agent (if applicable) and (ii) pay to MLV (without duplication) any
commission, discount, or other compensation to which it would otherwise have been entitled absent such default. 

  
 4 

 (d) Limitations on Offering Size. Under no circumstances shall the Company
cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares if, after giving effect to the sale of such Placement Shares, the aggregate gross sales proceeds of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement would exceed the lesser of
(A) together with all sales of Placement Shares under this Agreement, the Maximum Amount, (B) the amount available for offer and sale under the Registration Statement or (C) the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and
sold under this Agreement by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized officer, and notified to MLV in writing. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any
Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower than any minimum price authorized from time to time by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized officer, and notified to MLV in
writing. 
 6. Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the
Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents), the Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with MLV that as of the date of this Agreement and as of each Applicable Time (as defined below), unless such representation, warranty or agreement
specifies a different time: 
 (a) Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company and, assuming no act or omission on
the part of MLV that would make such statement untrue, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet the requirements for and comply with the conditions for the use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement has been
filed with the Commission and has been declared effective under the Securities Act. The Prospectus will name MLV as the agent in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” The Company has not received, and has no notice of, any order of
the Commission preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, or threatening or instituting proceedings for that purpose. The Registration Statement and the offer and sale of Placement Shares as contemplated hereby meet the
requirements of Rule 415 under the Securities Act and comply in all material respects with said Rule. Any statutes, regulations, contracts or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or
to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement have been so described or filed. Copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and any such amendments or supplements and all documents incorporated by reference therein that were filed
with the Commission on or prior to the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available through EDGAR, to MLV and its counsel. The Company has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of each Settlement Date and completion of the
distribution of the Placement Shares, will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering or sale of the Placement Shares other than the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (as
defined below) to which MLV has consented, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. The Common Stock is currently quoted on the Exchange under the trading symbol “ACRX”. The Company has not, in the 12 months
preceding the date hereof, received notice from the Exchange to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements, and the Company does not believe, that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to
be in compliance in all material respects with all such listing and maintenance requirements. 

  
 5 

 (b) No Misstatement or Omission. The Registration Statement, when it became
effective, and the Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, on the date of such Prospectus or amendment or supplement, conformed and will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. At each Settlement
Date, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of such date, will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. The Registration Statement, when it became effective, did not contain an untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus and any amendment and supplement thereto, on the date thereof and at each Applicable Time
(defined below), did not or will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The documents
incorporated by reference in the Prospectus did not, and any further documents filed and incorporated by reference therein will not, when filed with the Commission, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact
required to be stated in such document or necessary to make the statements in such document, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing shall not apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such
document made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Company by MLV specifically for use in the preparation thereof. 
 (c) Conformity with Securities Act and Exchange Act. The Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, and the documents incorporated by reference in the
Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, when such documents were or are filed with the Commission under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case
may be, conformed or will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable. 
 (d) Financial Information. The consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, together with the related
notes and schedules, present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of the dates indicated and the consolidated results of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity of the
Company for the periods specified (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments) and have been prepared in compliance with the requirements of the Securities Act and Exchange Act, as applicable, and in
conformity with GAAP (as defined below) applied on a consistent basis (except for such adjustments to accounting standards and practices as are noted therein and except in the case of unaudited financial statements to the extent they may exclude
footnotes or may be condensed or summary statements) during the periods involved; the other financial and statistical data with respect to the Company contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are
accurately and fairly presented and prepared on a basis consistent with the financial statements and books and records of the Company; there are no financial statements (historical or pro forma) that are required to be included or incorporated by
reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that are not included or 

  
 6 

 
incorporated by reference as required; the Company does not have any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), not described in the
Registration Statement (including the exhibits thereto and Incorporated Documents) and the Prospectus which are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (including exhibits thereto and Incorporated Documents); and all
disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply in all material
respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, to the extent applicable. 
 (e) Conformity with EDGAR Filing. The Prospectus delivered to MLV for use in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement will be identical to the versions of the
Prospectus created to be transmitted to the Commission for filing via EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T. 

(f) Organization. The Company is, and will be, duly organized, validly existing as a corporation and in good standing under the
laws of its jurisdiction of organization. The Company is, and will be, duly licensed or qualified as a foreign corporation for transaction of business and in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of
property or the conduct of its business requires such license or qualification, and has all corporate power and authority necessary to own or hold its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents), except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect
on the assets, business, operations, earnings, properties, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects, stockholders’ equity (as set forth on the Company’s most recent balance sheet included in the Incorporated Documents) or results of
operations of the Company taken as a whole (a “Material Adverse Effect”). 
 (g) Subsidiaries. The
Company has no subsidiaries (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Commission). 
 (h) No
Violation or Default. The Company is not (i) in violation of its charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents; (ii) in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a
default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which the Company is bound or
to which any of the property or assets of the Company is subject; or (iii) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except, in the case of
each of clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) above, for any such violation or default that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as described in the Prospectus or the
Incorporated Documents, to the Company’s knowledge, no other party under any material contract or other agreement to which it is a party is in default in any respect thereunder where such default would reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect. 

  
 7 

 (i) No Material Adverse Change. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which
information is given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents), and other than the Company’s execution of this Agreement and the sale of any Placement Shares hereunder, there has not been
(i) any Material Adverse Effect, (ii) any transaction which is material to the Company taken as a whole, (iii) any obligation or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by the Company,
which is material to the Company taken as a whole, (iv) any material change in the capital stock (other than (A) as described in a proxy statement filed on Schedule 14A or a Registration Statement on Form S-4 and otherwise publicly
announced or (B) changes in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, shares of Common Stock, or the vesting of equity
awards) or outstanding long-term indebtedness of the Company or (v) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital stock of the Company, other than in each case above (A) in the ordinary course of business,
(B) as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents) or (C) where such matter, item, change or development would not make the statements in the Registration Statement or the
Prospectus contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. 

(j) Capitalization. The issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been validly issued, are fully paid and
non-assessable and, other than as disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, are not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or similar rights. The Company has an authorized, issued and
outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as of the dates referred to therein (other than the grant of additional options or other equity awards under the Company’s existing equity compensation
plans, or changes in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise, vesting or conversion of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, shares of Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof or
described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents) or as a result of the issuance of Placement Shares) and such authorized capital stock conforms in all material respects to the description thereof set
forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents). The description of the Common Stock in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus is complete and accurate in all material respects. Except as
disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents), as of the dates referred to therein, the Company did not have outstanding any options to purchase, or any rights or warrants to
subscribe for, or any securities or obligations convertible into, or exchangeable for, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell, any shares of capital stock or other securities. 

(k) Authorization; Enforceability. The Company has full legal right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform
the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except to
the extent that (i) enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles and (ii) the indemnification and
contribution provisions of Section 11 hereof may be limited by federal or state securities laws and public policy considerations in respect thereof. 

  
 8 

 (l) Authorization of Placement Shares. The Placement Shares, when issued and
delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the board of directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized officer, against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly and validly authorized and issued and
fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim (other than any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim arising from an act or omission of MLV or a purchaser),
including any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights, and will be registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act. The Placement Shares, when issued, will conform in all
material respects to the description thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus. 
 (m) No Consents
Required. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or any governmental or regulatory authority is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this
Agreement, and the issuance and sale by the Company of the Placement Shares as contemplated hereby, except for the registration of the Placement Shares under the Securities Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations
or qualifications as may be required under applicable state securities laws or by the by-laws and rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) or the Exchange in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares by
MLV. 
 (n) No Preferential Rights. (i) No person, as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X
promulgated under the Securities Act (each, a “Person”), has the right, contractual or otherwise, to cause the Company to issue or sell to such Person any shares of Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other
securities of the Company (other than upon the exercise of options or warrants to purchase Common Stock or upon the exercise or vesting of options or other equity awards that may be granted from time to time under the Company’s equity
compensation plans), (ii) no Person has any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal, or any other rights (whether pursuant to a “poison pill” provision or otherwise) to purchase any shares of Common Stock or shares of any other
capital stock or other securities of the Company from the Company which have not been duly waived with respect to the offering contemplated hereby, (iii) except as may be disclosed to MLV in writing, no Person has the right to act as an
underwriter or sales agent in connection with the offer and sale of the Common Stock, and (iv) no Person has the right, contractual or otherwise, to require the Company to register under the Securities Act any shares of Common Stock or shares
of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, or to include any such shares or other securities in the Registration Statement or the offering contemplated thereby, whether as a result of the filing or effectiveness of the
Registration Statement or the sale of the Placement Shares as contemplated thereby or otherwise. 
 (o) Independent Public
Accountants. Ernst & Young LLP, whose report on the consolidated financial statements of the Company is filed with the Commission as part of the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission and
incorporated into the Registration Statement, is and, during the periods covered by its reports, 

  
 9 

 
was an independent public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). To the Company’s knowledge,
Ernst & Young LLP is not in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) with respect to the Company. 

(p) Enforceability of Agreements. To the Company’s knowledge, all agreements between the Company and third parties expressly
referenced in the Prospectus, other than such agreements that have expired by their terms or whose termination is disclosed in documents filed by the Company on EDGAR, are legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance
with their respective terms, except to the extent that (i) enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles and
(ii) the indemnification provisions of certain agreements may be limited by federal or state securities laws or public policy considerations in respect thereof, except for any unenforceability that, individually or in the aggregate, would not
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 
 (q) No Litigation. There are no legal, governmental or
regulatory actions, suits or proceedings pending, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, to which the Company is a party or to which any property of the Company is the subject that, individually
or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or materially and adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement; to the
Company’s knowledge, no such actions, suits or proceedings are threatened or contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company, would
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (i) there are no current or pending legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings or, to the Company’s knowledge, investigations that are required under the
Securities Act to be described in the Prospectus that are not described in the Prospectus including any Incorporated Document; and (ii) there are no contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits
to the Registration Statement that are not so filed. 
 (r) Licenses and Permits. The Company possesses or has obtained,
all licenses, certificates, consents, orders, approvals, permits and other authorizations issued by, and has made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are
necessary for the ownership or lease of its properties or the conduct of its business as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (the “Permits”), except where the failure to possess, obtain or make the same would
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not received written notice of any proceeding relating to revocation or modification of any such Permit nor has any reason to believe
that such Permit will not be renewed in the ordinary course, except where the failure to obtain any such renewal would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 

(s) Market Capitalization. The Company is not a shell company (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) and has not been a
shell company for at least 12 calendar 

  
 10 

 
months previously and if it has been a shell company at any time previously, has filed current Form 10 information (as defined in Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3) with the Commission at least 12
calendar months previously reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell company. As of the date of this Agreement, we have not offered any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S–3 during the prior 12 calendar
month period that ends on, and includes, the date of this Agreement. 
 (t) No Material Defaults. The Company has not
defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not
filed a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act since the filing of its last Annual Report on Form 10-K, indicating that it (i) has failed to pay any dividend or sinking fund installment on preferred stock or
(ii) has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 (u) Certain Market Activities. Neither the Company, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its directors,
officers or controlling persons has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed, or that has constituted or might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the
price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Placement Shares. 
 (v) Broker/Dealer
Relationships. The Company (i) is not required to register as a “broker” or “dealer” in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Act or (ii) does not directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries,
control or is a “person associated with a member” or “associated person of a member” (within the meaning set forth in the FINRA Manual). 
 (w) No Reliance. The Company has not relied upon MLV or legal counsel for MLV for any legal, tax or accounting advice in connection with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares. 

(x) Taxes. The Company has filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns which have been required to be filed and paid
all taxes shown thereon through the date hereof, to the extent that such taxes have become due and are not being contested in good faith, except where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No tax
deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company which has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has no knowledge of any federal, state or other governmental tax
deficiency, penalty or assessment which has been asserted or threatened against it which would have a Material Adverse Effect. 

(y) Title to Real and Personal Property. The Company has good and marketable title in fee simple to all items of real property and
good and valid title to all personal property (excluding Intellectual Property) described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being owned by it that are material to the business of the Company, in each case free and clear

  
 11 

 
of all liens, encumbrances and claims, except those that (i) do not materially interfere with the use made of such property by the Company or (ii) would not reasonably be expected,
individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. Any real property described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being leased by the Company is held by them under valid, existing and enforceable leases, except those
that (A) do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company or (B) would not be reasonably expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. 

(z) Intellectual Property. To its knowledge, the Company owns or possesses adequate rights to use all patents, patent
applications, trademarks (both registered and unregistered), service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses and know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable
proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures) (collectively, the “Intellectual Property”), necessary for the conduct of its business as conducted as of the date hereof, except to the extent that the failure to own
or possess adequate rights to use such Intellectual Property would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; except as disclosed in writing to MLV, the Company has not received any written
notice of any claim of infringement or conflict which asserted Intellectual Property rights of others, which infringement or conflict, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse Effect; there are no pending, or to
the Company’s knowledge, threatened judicial proceedings or interference proceedings against the Company challenging the Company’s rights in or to or the validity of the scope of any of the Company’s owned patents, patent applications
or proprietary information, except for any such proceedings that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. To the Company’s knowledge, no other entity or individual has any right or
claim in any of the Company’s owned patents, patent applications or any patent to be issued therefrom by virtue of any contract, license or other agreement entered into between such entity or individual and the Company or by any non-contractual
obligation of the Company, other than by written licenses granted by the Company and other than such rights or claims that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not
received any written notice of any claim challenging the rights of the Company in or to any Intellectual Property owned, licensed or optioned by the Company which claim, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse
Effect. 
 (aa) Environmental Laws. The Company (i) is in compliance with any and all applicable federal, state,
local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, decisions and orders relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, “Environmental
Laws”); (ii) has received and is in compliance with all permits, licenses or other approvals required of it under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; and
(iii) has not received notice of any actual or potential liability for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, except, in the case of any of clauses
(i), (ii) or (iii) above, for any such failure to comply or failure to receive required permits, licenses, other approvals or liability as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect. 

  
 12 

 (bb) Disclosure Controls. The Company maintains a system of internal accounting
controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the
recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over
financial reporting (other than as set forth in the Prospectus). Since the date of the latest audited financial statements of the Company included in the Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (other than as set forth in the Prospectus). The Company has established disclosure controls and
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15) for the Company and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the Company is made known to the certifying officers by others
within those entities, particularly during the period in which the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the case may be, is being prepared. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the
effectiveness of the Company’s controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of the Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in
its Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there
have been no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls (as such term is defined in Item 307(b) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act) or, to the Company’s knowledge, in other factors that could significantly
adversely affect the Company’s internal controls. To the knowledge of the Company, the Company’s “internal controls over financial reporting” and “disclosure controls and procedures” are effective. 

(cc) Sarbanes-Oxley. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of the
Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Each of the principal executive officer and the principal
financial officer of the Company (or each former principal executive officer of the Company and each former principal financial officer of the Company as applicable) has made all certifications required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act with respect to all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by it or furnished by it to the Commission. For purposes of the preceding sentence, “principal executive officer” and “principal
financial officer” shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. 
 (dd) Finder’s
Fees. The Company has not incurred any liability for any finder’s fees, brokerage commissions or similar payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except as may otherwise exist with respect to MLV pursuant to this
Agreement. 

  
 13 

 (ee) Labor Disputes. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company
exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is threatened which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect 
 (ff) Investment Company Act. The Company is not, nor, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Placement Shares, will be an “investment company” or an entity
“controlled” by an “investment company,” as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). 

(gg) Operations. The operations of the Company are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial
record keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions to which the Company is subject, the rules and regulations thereunder and any
related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency having jurisdiction over the Company (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), except as would not reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to
the knowledge of the Company, threatened. 
 (hh) Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. There are no transactions, arrangements
and other relationships between and/or among the Company, and/or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of its affiliates and any unconsolidated entity, including, but not limited to, any structural finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity
(each, an “Off Balance Sheet Transaction”) that would reasonably be expected to affect materially the Company’s liquidity or the availability of or requirements for its capital resources, including those Off Balance Sheet
Transactions described in the Commission’s Statement about Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations (Release Nos. 33-8056; 34-45321; FR-61), in each case that are required to be described in
the Prospectus which have not been described as required. 
 (ii) Underwriter Agreements. The Company is not a party to
any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other “at-the-market” or continuous equity transaction. 
 (jj)
ERISA. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, to the knowledge of the Company, (i) each material employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act
of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), that is maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company for employees or former employees of the Company has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of any
applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”); (ii) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of
ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any such plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption; and (iii) for each such plan, if any, that is subject to the funding rules
of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no “accumulated funding deficiency” as defined in Section 412 of the Code has been incurred, whether or not waived, and the fair market value of the assets of each such
plan (excluding for 

  
 14 

 
these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) equals or exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such plan determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions, other than, in the
case of (i), (ii) and (iii) above, as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 
 (kk)
Forward Looking Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) (a “Forward Looking Statement”) contained in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith. The Forward Looking Statements incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus from the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended (i) except for any Forward Looking Statement included in any financial statements and notes thereto, are within the coverage of the safe harbor for forward
looking statements set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act, Rule 175(b) under the Securities Act or Rule 3b-6 under the Exchange Act, as applicable, (ii) were made by the Company with a reasonable basis and in good faith and reflect
the Company’s good faith commercially reasonable best estimate of the matters described therein, and (iii) have been prepared in accordance with Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act. 

(ll) Margin Rules. Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Placement Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof by
the Company as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors. 

(mm) Insurance. The Company carries, or is covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company reasonably
believes are adequate for the use of its properties and as is customary for companies of similar size engaged in similar businesses in similar industries. 
 (nn) No Improper Practices. (i) Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its executive officers has, in the past five years, made any unlawful contributions to any
candidate for any political office (or failed fully to disclose any contribution in violation of law) or made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state, municipal, or foreign office or other person
charged with similar public or quasi-public duty in violation of any law or of the character required to be disclosed in the Prospectus; (ii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or, to the Company’s
knowledge, any affiliate of the Company, on the one hand, and the directors, officers and stockholders of the Company, on the other hand, that is required by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is
not so described; (iii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any affiliate of the Company, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders or directors of the Company, on the other hand, that is
required by the rules of FINRA to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iv) there are no material outstanding loans or advances or material guarantees of indebtedness by the Company to or for
the benefit of any of its officers or directors or any of the members of the families of any of them; (v) the Company has not offered, or caused any placement agent to offer, Common Stock to any person with the intent to influence unlawfully
(A) a customer or supplier of the Company 

  
 15 

 
to alter the customer’s or supplier’s level or type of business with the Company or (B) a trade journalist or publication to write or publish favorable information about the
Company or any of its products or services; and (vi) neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company has made any payment of funds of the Company or received or retained any funds in violation of
any law, rule or regulation (including, without limitation, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977), which payment, receipt or retention of funds is of a character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.

 (oo) Status Under the Securities Act. The Company was not and is not an ineligible issuer as defined in Rule 405 under
the Securities Act at the times specified in Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act in connection with the offering of the Placement Shares. 
 (pp) No Misstatement or Omission in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and as of each Applicable Time (as defined in Section 24
below), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any incorporated document deemed to be a part
thereof that has not been superseded or modified. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by MLV
specifically for use therein. 
 (qq) No Conflicts. Neither the execution of this Agreement by the Company, nor the
issuance, offering or sale of the Placement Shares, nor the consummation by the Company of any of the transactions contemplated herein and therein, nor the compliance by the Company with the terms and provisions hereof and thereof will conflict
with, or will result in a breach of, any of the terms and provisions of, or has constituted or will constitute a default under, or has resulted in or will result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or
assets of the Company pursuant to the terms of any contract or other agreement to which the Company is a party or to which any of the property or assets of the Company is subject, except (i) such conflicts, breaches or defaults as may have been
waived and (ii) such conflicts, breaches, defaults, liens, charges or encumbrances that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; nor will such action result (x) in any violation of the provisions of the
certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the Company, or (y) in any material violation of the provisions of any statute or any order, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or of any court or of any federal, state or other regulatory
authority or other government body having jurisdiction over the Company, except where such violation would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 
 (rr) Clinical Studies. The clinical, pre-clinical and other studies and tests conducted by or, to the knowledge of the Company, on behalf of the Company were, and, if still pending, are being,
conducted in accordance in all material respects with all applicable statutes, laws, rules and regulations (including, without limitation, those administered by the United States Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) or by any
foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA), except where the failure do so would not have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not received any written
notices or other written correspondence from the FDA or any other foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA requiring the Company to terminate or suspend any
ongoing clinical or pre-clinical studies or tests. 

  
 16 

 (ss) Compliance Program. The Company has established and administers a
compliance program, applicable to the Company, to assist the Company and the directors, officers and employees of the Company in complying with applicable regulatory guidelines (including, without limitation, those administered by the FDA and any
other foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing function similar to those performed by the FDA); except where such noncompliance would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 

(tt) OFAC. (i) Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or
representative of the Company, is a government, individual, or entity (in this paragraph (tt), “Person”) that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is: 

(A) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control
(“OFAC”), the United Nations Security Council (“UNSC”), the European Union (“EU”), Her Majesty’s Treasury (“HMT”), or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively,
“Sanctions”), nor 
 (B) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of
Sanctions (including, without limitation, Burma/Myanmar, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria). 
 (ii) The Company
represents and covenants that the Company will not, directly or indirectly, knowingly use the proceeds of the offering, or knowingly lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person:

 (A) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the
time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or 
 (B) in any other manner that will result in a
violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise). 
 (iii) The Company represents and covenants that, except as detailed in the Prospectus, for the past five years, the Company has not knowingly engaged in, is not now knowingly engaged in, and will not
knowingly engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions. 

(uu) Stock Transfer Taxes. On each Settlement Date, all stock transfer or other taxes (other than income taxes) which are required
to be paid in connection with the sale and transfer of the Placement Shares to be sold hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided for by the Company and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been fully complied with in
all material respects. 

  
 17 

 Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to MLV or to counsel for
MLV pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to MLV as to the matters set forth therein. 

7. Covenants of the Company. The Company covenants and agrees with MLV that: 

(a) Registration Statement Amendments. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a prospectus relating to
any Placement Shares is required to be delivered by MLV under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act) (the “Prospectus Delivery Period”),
(i) the Company will notify MLV promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference, has been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent
supplement to the Prospectus (other than documents incorporated by reference therein) has been filed and of any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information,
(ii) the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus (except for documents incorporated by reference therein) unless a copy thereof has been submitted to MLV at least two Business Days before
the filing and MLV has not reasonably and in good faith objected thereto within two Business Days of receiving such copy (provided, however, that (A) the failure of MLV to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or
liability hereunder, or affect MLV’s right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement, (B) the Company has no obligation to provide MLV any advance copy of such filing or to provide MLV an
opportunity to object to such filing if such filing does not name MLV or does not relate to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and (C) the only remedy MLV shall have with respect to the failure by the Company to provide MLV with
such copy or the filing of such amendment or supplement despite MLV’s objection shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to MLV at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is
deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; and (iii) the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus to be filed with the
Commission as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act or, in the case of any document to be incorporated therein by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the Exchange Act,
within the time period prescribed (the determination to file or not file any amendment or supplement with the Commission under this Section 7(a), based on the Company’s reasonable opinion or reasonable objections, shall be made exclusively
by the Company). 
 (b) Notice of Commission Stop Orders. The Company will advise MLV, promptly after it receives notice
or obtains knowledge thereof, of the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale
in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order
should be issued. The Company will advise MLV promptly after it receives any request by the Commission for any amendments to the Registration 

  
 18 

 
Statement or any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information related to the offering of the Placement Shares or for additional
information related to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. 
 (c) Delivery of
Prospectus; Subsequent Changes. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to comply in all material respects with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in
force, and to file on or before their respective due dates all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d) or any other provision of
or under the Exchange Act. If the Company has omitted any information from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430A under the Securities Act, it will use its best efforts to comply with the provisions of and make all requisite filings with
the Commission pursuant to said Rule 430A and to notify MLV promptly of all such filings. If during the Prospectus Delivery Period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during such Prospectus Delivery Period it is necessary to amend or supplement the
Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify MLV to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such period and the Company will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement
or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance; provided, however, that the Company may delay any such amendment or supplement if, in the judgment of the Company, it is in the best
interests of the Company to do so. 
 (d) Listing of Placement Shares. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company
will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Placement Shares to be listed on the Exchange and to qualify the Placement Shares for sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as MLV reasonably designates and to continue such
qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation or dealer in securities or file a
general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction. 
 (e) Delivery of Registration Statement and Prospectus. The
Company will furnish to MLV and its counsel (at the expense of the Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all amendments and supplements to the Registration
Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during the Prospectus Delivery Period (including all documents filed with the Commission during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as
reasonably practicable and in such quantities as MLV may from time to time reasonably request and, at MLV’s request, will also furnish copies of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made;
provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus) to MLV to the extent such document is available on EDGAR. 

  
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 (f) Earnings Statement. The Company will make generally available to its security
holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 15 months after the end of the Company’s current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158
of the Securities Act. 
 (g) Use of Proceeds. The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in
the section entitled “Use of Proceeds.” 
 (h) Notice of Other Sales. Without the prior written consent of MLV,
the Company will not, directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible
into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock during the period beginning on the fifth (5th) Trading Day immediately prior to the date on which any Placement Notice is delivered to MLV
hereunder and ending on the fifth (5th) Trading Day immediately following the final Settlement Date with respect to Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice (or, if the Placement Notice has been terminated or suspended prior to
the sale of all Placement Shares covered by a Placement Notice, the date of such suspension or termination); and will not directly or indirectly in any other “at the market” or continuous equity transaction offer to sell, sell, contract to
sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to
purchase or acquire, Common Stock prior to the termination of this Agreement with respect to Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice; provided, however, that such restrictions will not be required in connection with the
Company’s issuance or sale of (i) Common Stock, options to purchase Common Stock or equity awards or Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of options or vesting of equity awards, pursuant to any employee or director equity compensation
or benefits plan, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan (but not Common Stock subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits in its dividend reinvestment plan) of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented; (ii) Common
Stock issuable upon conversion of securities or the exercise or vesting of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding, and disclosed in filings by the Company available on EDGAR or otherwise in writing to MLV and (iii) Common
Stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock, offered and sold in a privately negotiated transaction to vendors, customers, investors, strategic partners or potential strategic partners and otherwise conducted in a manner so
as not to be integrated with the offering of Common Stock hereby. 
 (i) Change of Circumstances. The Company will, at
any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice advise MLV promptly after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any opinion, certificate, letter
or other document required to be provided to MLV pursuant to this Agreement. 
 (j) Due Diligence Cooperation. The
Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by MLV or its representatives in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making available documents and
senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company’s principal offices or such other location mutually agreeable by the parties, as MLV may reasonably request. 

  
 20 

 (k) Required Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares. To the extent that
the filing of a prospectus supplement with the Commission with respect to a placement of Placement Shares becomes required under Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, the Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act shall require, the
Company will (i) file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (the date of each and every such filing under Rule 424(b), a “Filing Date”), which
prospectus supplement will set forth, within the relevant period, the amount of Placement Shares sold through MLV, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the compensation payable by the Company to MLV with respect to such Placement Shares, and
(ii) deliver such number of copies of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules or regulations of such exchange or market. 

(l) Representation Dates; Certificate. Each time during the term of this Agreement that the Company: 

(i) post-effectively amends the Registration Statement or supplements the Prospectus, in either case such that the audited financial information
contained therein is materially amended, but not by means of incorporation of documents by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares; 
 (ii) files an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act (including any Form 10-K/A containing restated financial statements or a material amendment to the previously filed Form 10-K); 

(iii) files its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or 
 (iv) files a current report on Form 8-K containing amended audited financial information (other than information “furnished” pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or to provide
disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form 8-K relating to the reclassification of certain properties as discontinued operations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144) under the Exchange Act; 

(Each date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) shall be a “Representation Date”)

 the Company shall furnish MLV (but in the case of clause (iv) above only if MLV reasonably determines that the information contained in
such Form 8-K is material) with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l). The requirement to provide a certificate under this Section 7(l) shall be automatically waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which
no Placement Notice is pending, which waiver shall continue until the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date); provided, however, that such
waiver shall not apply for any Representation Date on which the Company files its annual report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a

  
 21 

 
Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide MLV with a certificate under this Section 7(l), then before the Company delivers the Placement Notice or MLV
sells any Placement Shares, the Company shall provide MLV with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l), dated the date of the Placement Notice. In addition to the requirement to provide certificates under this Section 7(l)
with respect to Representation Dates, on or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice given hereunder, the Company shall furnish MLV with a certificate under this Section 7(l). 

(m) Legal Opinion. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice given hereunder, the Company shall cause to be furnished
to MLV a written opinion and letter of Cooley LLP (“Company Counsel”), or such other counsel reasonably satisfactory to MLV, covering opinions and statements substantially in the forms attached hereto as Exhibits 7(m)(1) and
7(m)(2). Thereafter within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable, the Company
shall cause to be furnished to MLV a letter of Company Counsel, or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to MLV, covering statements substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibits 7(m)(2), modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented; provided, however, the Company shall be required to furnish to MLV no more than one letter hereunder per calendar quarter and the Company shall not be required to furnish
any such letter if the Company does not intend to deliver a Placement Notice in such calendar quarter until such time as the Company delivers its next Placement Notice; provided, further, that in lieu of such letters for subsequent
periodic filings under the Exchange Act, counsel may furnish MLV with a letter (a “Reliance Letter”) to the effect that MLV may rely on a prior letter delivered under this Section 7(m) to the same extent as if it were dated the
date of such letter (except that statements in such prior letter shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of the date of the Reliance Letter). 

(n) Comfort Letter. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice given hereunder and five (5) Trading Days after
each subsequent Representation Date, other than pursuant to Section 7(1)(iii), with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(1) for which no waiver is applicable, the Company
shall cause its independent accountants to furnish MLV letters (the “Comfort Letters”) dated the date the Comfort Letter is delivered, which shall meet the requirements set forth in this Section 7(n); provided, that if
requested by MLV, the Company shall cause a Comfort Letter to be furnished to MLV prior to the tenth (10th) Trading Day of the date of occurrence of any material transaction or event (for example, the restatement of the Company’s financial
statements) requiring the filing of a current report on Form 8-K containing material financial information and the date the first Placement Notice is given hereunder following such a material transaction or event, whichever is later. The Comfort
Letter from the Company’s independent accountants shall be in a form and substance satisfactory to MLV, (i) confirming that they are an independent public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the PCAOB,
(ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters in connection with
registered public offerings (the first such letter, the “Initial Comfort Letter”) and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given
on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter. 

  
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 (o) Market Activities. The Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i) take
any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or might reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of Placement Shares or
(ii) sell, bid for, or purchase Common Stock in violation of Regulation M, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than MLV. 
 (p) Investment Company Act. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that it will not be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement,
an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act. 
 (q) No Offer to Sell. Other
than an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus approved in advance by the Company and MLV in its capacity as agent hereunder, neither MLV nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than MLV in their capacity as such) will make, use,
prepare, authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act), required to be filed with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy Placement Shares
hereunder. 
 (r) Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company will maintain and keep accurate books and records reflecting its assets
and maintain internal accounting controls in a manner designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles and including those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company,
(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, (iii) that
receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with management’s and the Company’s directors’ authorization, and (iv) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements. The Company will maintain such controls and other procedures, including, without limitation, those required by
Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the applicable regulations thereunder that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is
recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, including, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the
Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar
functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to ensure that material information relating to the Company is made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which such
periodic reports are being prepared. 

  
 23 

 8. Representations and Covenants of MLV. MLV represents and warrants that it is duly
registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange Act and the applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Placement Shares will be offered and sold, except such states in which MLV is exempt from registration or such
registration is not otherwise required. MLV shall continue, for the term of this Agreement, to be duly registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange Act and the applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Placement
Shares will be offered and sold, except such states in which MLV is exempt from registration or such registration is not otherwise required, during the term of this Agreement. MLV will comply with all applicable laws and regulations (including,
without limitation, Regulation M) in connection with performing its obligations under this Agreement. 
 9. Payment of
Expenses. 
 (a) The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement,
including (i) the preparation, filing, including any fees required by the Commission, and printing of the Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits) as originally filed and of each amendment and supplement thereto and
each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, in such number as MLV shall reasonably deem necessary, (ii) the printing and delivery to MLV of this Agreement and such other documents as may be required in connection with the offering, purchase, sale,
issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares, (iii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the certificates, if any, for the Placement Shares to MLV, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any capital duties, stamp duties or other
duties or taxes payable upon the sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares to MLV, (iv) the fees and disbursements of the counsel, accountants and other advisors to the Company, (v) the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel
to MLV incurred in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, up to a maximum amount of $25,000, (vi) the fees and expenses of the transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock, (vii) the filing fees incident to
any review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Placement Shares, and (viii) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange. 

10. Conditions to MLV’s Obligations. The obligations of MLV hereunder with respect to a Placement will be subject to the
continuing accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein, to the due performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, to the completion by MLV of a due diligence review satisfactory to it in its
reasonable judgment, and to the continuing satisfaction (or waiver by MLV in its sole discretion) of the following additional conditions: 
 (a) Registration Statement Effective. The Registration Statement shall have become effective and shall be available for the sale of all Placement Shares contemplated to be issued by any Placement
Notice. 
 (b) No Material Notices. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt
by the Company of any request for additional information from the 

  
 24 

 
Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments
or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus; (ii) the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the
initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or
the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) any event that makes any material statement made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any material document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated
therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any materially untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of
a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. 

(c) No Misstatement or Material Omission. MLV shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or
any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in MLV’s reasonable opinion is material, or omits to state a fact that in MLV’s opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make
the statements therein not misleading. 
 (d) Material Changes. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in
the Company’s reports filed with the Commission, there shall not have been any material adverse change, on a consolidated basis, in the authorized capital stock of the Company or any Material Adverse Effect, or any development in the business
or affairs of the Company that could reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Effect. 
 (e) Legal Opinion and
Letters. MLV shall have received the opinion and letters, as applicable, of Company Counsel required to be delivered pursuant Section 7(m) on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinion and letters, as applicable, are required
pursuant to Section 7(m). 
 (f) Comfort Letter. MLV shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered
pursuant Section 7(n) on or before the date on which such delivery of such letter is required pursuant to Section 7(n). 
 (g) Representation Certificate. MLV shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(l) on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is
required pursuant to Section 7(l). 
 (h) No Suspension. Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended
on the Exchange and the Common Stock shall not have been delisted from the Exchange. 

  
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 (i) Securities Act Filings Made. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424
under the Securities Act to have been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 424. 

(j) Approval for Listing. The Placement Shares shall either have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to notice
of issuance, or the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange at, or prior to, the issuance of any Placement Notice. 
 (k) No Termination Event. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit MLV to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 13(a). 

11. Indemnification and Contribution. 
 (a) Company Indemnification. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless MLV, its partners, members, directors, officers, employees and agents and each person, if any, who controls MLV within
the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act as follows: 
 (i) against any and
all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment
thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material
fact included in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light
of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; 
 (ii) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and
expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever
based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided that (subject to Section 11(d) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company, which consent shall not
unreasonably be delayed or withheld; and 
 (iii) against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable
fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based
upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission, to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above, 
 provided, however, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged
untrue 

  
 26 

 
statement or omission made solely in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by MLV expressly for use in the Registration Statement (or any amendment
thereto) or in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto). 
 (b)
MLV Indemnification. MLV agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who (i) controls the Company within the meaning
of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act or (ii) is controlled by or is under common control with the Company against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity
contained in Section 11(a), as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments thereto) or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or
the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished to the Company in writing by MLV expressly for use therein. 

(c) Procedure. Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section 11 will, promptly after
receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this Section 11, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action,
enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i) any liability that it might have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 11
and (ii) any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provision of this Section 11 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture or material impairment of substantive rights or
defenses by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects
by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action,
with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any
legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense. The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel
in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (1) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by the indemnifying
party, (2) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on written advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the
indemnifying party, (3) a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on written advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right
to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party) or (4) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of
the action, in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of 

  
 27 

 
the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable
for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements and other charges will be
reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly after the indemnifying party receives a written invoice relating to fees, disbursements and other charges in reasonable detail. An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement
of any action or claim effected without its written consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim,
action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section 11 (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (1) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified
party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (2) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

 (d) Contribution. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the
indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs of this Section 11 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or MLV, the Company and MLV will contribute to the total
losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after
deducting any contribution received by the Company from persons other than MLV, such as persons who control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and directors of the
Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and MLV may be subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and MLV on the other hand. The relative
benefits received by the Company on the one hand and MLV on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the
total compensation received by MLV (before deducting expenses) from the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company. If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of
contribution shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and MLV, on the other hand, with respect to
the statements or omission that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined
by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or MLV, the intent of the parties and
their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and MLV agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 11(d) were to be
determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability,
expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 11(d) 

  
 28 

 
shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of this Section 11(d), any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any
such action or claim to the extent consistent with Section 11(c) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11(d), MLV shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under
this Agreement and no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For
purposes of this Section 11(d), any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of MLV, will have the same rights to contribution as that
party, and each officer and director of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after
receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this Section 11(d), will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission
to so notify will not relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this Section 11(d) except to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially
prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of Section 11(c) hereof, no party will be liable for contribution with respect to
any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to Section 11(c) hereof. 

12. Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section 11 of
this Agreement and all representations and warranties of the Company and MLV herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto shall survive, as of their respective dates, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of MLV, any
controlling persons, or the Company (or any of their respective officers, directors or controlling persons), (ii) delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares and payment therefor or (iii) any termination of this Agreement. 

13. Termination. 
 (e) MLV may terminate this Agreement, by notice to the Company, as hereinafter specified at any time (1) if there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the date as of which
information is given in the Prospectus, any Material Adverse Effect, or any development that is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect or in the sole judgment of MLV makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or
to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares, (2) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation
thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the sole judgment of
MLV, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares, (3) if trading in the Common Stock has been suspended or limited by the Commission or the Exchange, or if trading
generally on the Exchange has been suspended or limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed on the Exchange, (4) if any suspension of trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or

  
 29 

 
in the over-the-counter market shall have occurred and be continuing for at least ten (10) consecutive Trading Days, (5) if a major disruption of securities settlements or clearance
services in the United States shall have occurred and be continuing, or (6) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either U.S. Federal or New York authorities. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other
party except that the provisions of Section 9 (Payment of Expenses), Section 11 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 12 (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), Section 18 (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of
Jury Trial) and Section 19 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If MLV elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this Section 13(a), MLV shall provide the required
notice as specified in Section 14 (Notices). 
 (f) The Company shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days notice
as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 9,
Section 11, Section 12, Section 18 and Section 19 hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. 
 (g) MLV shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such
termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 9, Section 11, Section 12, Section 18 and Section 19 hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding
such termination. 
 (h) Unless earlier terminated pursuant to this Section 13, this Agreement shall automatically
terminate upon the earlier to occur of (i) the third (3rd) year anniversary of the date hereof and (ii) the issuance and sale of all of the Placement Shares through MLV on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein
except that the provisions of Section 9, Section 11, Section 12, Section 18 and Section 19 hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. 

(i) This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Sections 13(a), (b), (c), or (d) above or
otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties; provided, however, that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that Section 9, Section 11, Section 12, Section 18 and Section 19 shall
remain in full force and effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the Company shall not have any liability to MLV for any discount, commission or other compensation with respect to any Placement Shares not otherwise sold by MLV under this
Agreement. 
 (j) Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination;
provided, however, that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by MLV or the Company, as the case may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of
Placement Shares, such Placement Shares shall settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. 

  
 30 

 14. Notices. All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by
any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified, and if sent to MLV, shall be delivered to: 
 MLV & Co. LLC 

							
	 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 41st Floor New York,
 New York 10020
	 		 	
	Attention:	 	General Counsel	 		 	
	Telephone:	 	(212) 542-5870	 		 	
	Facsimile:	 	(212) 317-1515	 		 	

 with a copy (which shall not constitute a notice) to: 
 LeClairRyan, A Professional Corporation 
 885 Third Avenue 

New York, NY 10022 

							
	Attention:	 	James T. Seery	 		 	
	Telephone:	 	(973) 491-3315	 		 	
	Facsimile:	 	(973) 491-3415	 		 	

 and if to the Company, shall be delivered to: 
 AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 
 351 Galveston Drive 

Redwood City, CA 94063 

							
	Attention:	 	James H. Welch	 		 	
	Telephone:	 	(650) 216-3511	 		 	
	Facsimile:	 	(650) 216-6500	 		 	

 with a copy (which shall not constitute a notice) to: 
 Cooley LLP 
 3175 Hanover Street 
 Palo Alto, CA 94304 

							
	Attention:	 	Mark Weeks	 		 	
	Telephone:	 	(650) 843-5000	 		 	
	Facsimile:	 	(650) 618-2034	 		 	

 Each party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this
Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose. Each such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i) when delivered personally or by verifiable facsimile transmission (with an original to follow) on or before 4:30 p.m.,
New York City time, on a Business Day or, if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day, (ii) on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized overnight courier and (iii) on the Business
Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid). For purposes of this Agreement, “Business Day” shall mean any day on which the Exchange and commercial
banks in the City of New York are open for business. 

  
 31 

 An electronic communication (“Electronic Notice”) shall be deemed written
notice for purposes of this Section 14 if sent to the electronic mail address specified by the receiving party under separate cover. Electronic Notice shall be deemed received at the time the party sending Electronic Notice receives
confirmation of receipt by the receiving party. Any party receiving Electronic Notice may request and shall be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a nonelectronic form (“Nonelectronic Notice”) which shall be sent to the
requesting party within ten (10) days of receipt of the written request for Nonelectronic Notice. 
 15. Successors and
Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and MLV and their respective successors and the affiliates, controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in Section 11 hereof. References to
any of the parties contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their
respective successors and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this
Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party. 
 16. Adjustments for Stock Splits. The parties
acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted to take into account any share consolidation, stock split, stock dividend, corporate domestication or similar event effected with respect to the
Placement Shares. 
 17. Entire Agreement; Amendment; Severability. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits
attached hereto and Placement Notices issued pursuant hereto), together with that certain side letter agreement between the Company and MLV dated the date hereof and that certain Confidential Disclosure Agreement, dated August 28, 2012, by and
between the Company and MLV (the “CDA”), constitute the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral,
among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof. Moreover, the Company and MLV agree that all exchanges of information hereunder shall be governed by the terms of the CDA, which CDA the parties agree is and shall hereby be amended
to remain in full force and effect at all times during the term of this Agreement. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by the Company and MLV. In the event that any one or more
of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be given full force and effect to the fullest
possible extent that it is valid, legal and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that
giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement. 
 18. GOVERNING LAW AND TIME; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. THIS 

  
 32 

 
AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK
CITY TIME. THE COMPANY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

 19. CONSENT TO JURISDICTION. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE NON-EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND
FEDERAL COURTS SITTING IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT,
ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH
PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED) TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS
IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY
MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW. 
 20. Use of Information. MLV may not use any information gained in connection with this
Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including due diligence, to advise any party with respect to transactions not expressly approved by the Company. 
 21. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile transmission. 
 22. Effect of
Headings. The section and Exhibit headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof. 

23. Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses. 
 The Company represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of MLV (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), and MLV represents, warrants and agrees
that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Placement Shares that would constitute an Issuer

  
 33 

 
Free Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405, required to be filed with the Commission. Any such free writing
prospectus consented to by MLV or by the Company, as the case may be, is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company represents and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted
Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with
the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. For the purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that all free writing prospectuses, if any, listed in Exhibit 23 hereto are Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses. 

24. Absence of Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that: 

(a) MLV is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares and in connection with each transaction
contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship between the Company or any of its respective affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any
other party, on the one hand, and MLV, on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether or not MLV has advised or is advising the Company on other matters,
and MLV has no obligation to the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement; 
 (b) it is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; 

(c) MLV has not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate; 
 (d) it
is aware that MLV and its affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and MLV has no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any
fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and 
 (e) it waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any
claims it may have against MLV for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of Placement Shares under this Agreement and agrees that MLV shall not have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in
contract, tort or otherwise) to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Company, employees or creditors of Company, other than in respect of MLV’s
obligations under this Agreement and to keep information provided by the Company to MLV and MLV’s counsel confidential to the extent not otherwise publicly-available. 

  
 34 

 25. Definitions. 

As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below: 

“Applicable Time” means (i) each Representation Date and (ii) the time of each sale of any Placement Shares
pursuant to this Agreement. 
 “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing
prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, relating to the Placement Shares that (1) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (2) is a “road show” that is a “written communication” within the meaning
of Rule 433(d)(8)(i) whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (3) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Placement Shares or of the offering that does not reflect the
final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act Regulations. 

“Rule 172,” “Rule 405,” “Rule 415,” “Rule 424,” “Rule
424(b),” “Rule 430B,” and “Rule 433” refer to such rules under the Securities Act Regulations. 
 All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is “contained,” “included” or “stated” in the Registration Statement or the
Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case
may be. 
 All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any
of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (other than any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule 433, are
not required to be filed with the Commission) shall be deemed to include the copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to “supplements” to the Prospectus shall include, without
limitation, any supplements, “wrappers” or similar materials prepared in connection with any offering, sale or private placement of any Placement Shares by MLV outside of the United States. 

[Remainder of the page intentionally left blank] 

  
 35 

 If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Company and MLV, please so indicate in
the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and MLV. 
  

			
	Very truly yours,
	
	ACELRX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		
	By:	 	 /s/ James H. Welch

		 	Name: James H. Welch
		 	Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

			
	 ACCEPTED as of the date first-above written:

	
	MLV & CO. LLC
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Dean M. Colucci

		 	Name: Dean M. Colucci
		 	Title: President and Chief Operating Officer

 SCHEDULE 1 
  

 
 FORM OF
PLACEMENT NOTICE 
  
  

 

			
	 From:
  
 To:
  
 Attention:

 
 Subject:

 
 Gentlemen:
	  	 AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  

MLV & Co. LLC
  
 Patrice McNicoll
  
 At Market
Issuance—Placement Notice
  

 Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement
between AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and MLV & Co. LLC (“MLV”), dated August 31, 2012, the Company hereby requests that MLV sell up to of the Company’s Common Stock,
$0.001 par value per share, at a minimum market price of $         per share, during the time period beginning [month, day, time] and ending [month, day, time]. 

 SCHEDULE 2 
  

 
 Compensation

  
  

The Company shall pay to MLV in cash, upon each sale of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, an amount equal to up to 3% of the
gross proceeds from each sale of Placement Shares. 

 SCHEDULE 3 
  

 
 Notice Parties

 The Company 
 Richard A.
King 
 James H. Welch 
 MLV

 Randy Billhardt 
 Dean Colucci

 Matthew Feinberg 
 Ryan Loforte

 Patrice McNicoll 
 Miranda Toledano

 EXHIBIT 7(1) 

Form of Representation Date Certificate 
 This Officer’s Certificate (this “Certificate”) is executed and delivered in connection with Section 7(1) of the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the
“Agreement”) dated August 31, 2012, and entered into between AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) and MLV & Co. LLC. All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings
given to such terms in the Agreement. 
 The undersigned, a duly appointed and authorized officer of the Company, having made reasonable
inquiries to establish the accuracy of the statements below and having been authorized by the Company to execute this certificate on behalf of the Company, hereby certifies, on behalf of the Company and not in the undersigned’s individual
capacity, as follows: 
 1. As of the date of this Certificate, (i) the Registration Statement does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading and (ii) neither the Registration Statement nor the Prospectus contains any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and (iii) no event has
occurred as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein not untrue or misleading for (i) and (ii) to be true. 

2. Each of the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the Agreement was true and correct in all material respects,
when originally made, and, except for those representations and warranties that speak solely as of a specific date, are true and correct in all material respects as of the date of this Certificate. 

3. Except as waived by MLV in writing, each of the covenants required to be performed by the Company in the Agreement on or prior to the
date of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each such other date prior to the date hereof as set forth in the Agreement, has been duly, timely and fully performed in all material respects and each condition required to be complied with by
the Company on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each such other date prior to the date hereof as set forth in the Agreement has been duly, timely and fully complied with in all material respects. 

4. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any part thereof has been issued, and, to the
Company’s knowledge, no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or threatened by any securities or other governmental authority (including, without limitation, the Commission). 

5. No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the qualification or registration of the Placement Shares under
the securities or Blue Sky laws of any jurisdiction are in effect and no proceeding for such purpose is pending before, or threatened, to the Company’s knowledge or in writing by, any securities or other governmental authority (including,
without limitation, the Commission). 

 The undersigned has executed this Officer’s Certificate on behalf of the Company as of
the date first written above. 
 ACELRX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 
  

			
	By:	 	  

		
	Name:	 	
		 	Title:

 EXHIBIT 7(m)(1) 

Form of Legal Opinion 

On the basis of the foregoing, in reliance thereon and with the foregoing qualifications, Company Counsel is of the opinion that: 

 

	 	1.	The Company has been duly incorporated and is a validly existing corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware. 

 

	 	2.	The Company has the requisite corporate power to own, lease and operate its property, to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement and to execute
and deliver the Agreement and to perform its obligations thereunder. 

  

	 	3.	The Company is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation and is in good standing under the laws of the State of California. 

 

	 	4.	All corporate action on the part of the Company necessary for the authorization, execution and delivery of the Agreement by the Company, the authorization, sale,
issuance and delivery of the Placement Shares and the performance by the Company of its obligations under the Agreement has been taken. 

  

	 	5.	The Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company. 

 

	 	6.	The Placement Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued and paid for pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable. The holders of outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are not entitled to preemptive rights or, to our knowledge, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for the Placement Shares (other than rights
which have been waived in writing or otherwise satisfied) under the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Charter”) or Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”), the
DGCL or any Material Contract. 

  

	 	7.	The issuance and sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to the Agreement will not result in (i) a material breach of or default under of any Material Contract,
(ii) a violation of the Charter or the Bylaws or (iii) to Company Counsel’s knowledge, a violation of any statute, law, rule, or regulation which, in Company Counsel’s experience is typically applicable to transactions of the
nature contemplated by the Agreement and is applicable to the Company, or any order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, or award that has been entered against the Company and of which Company Counsel is aware, in each case the breach or violation
of which would materially and adversely affect the Company. 

  

	 	8.	 To Company Counsel’s knowledge, there is (a) no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or other governmental agency, authority or
body or any arbitrator pending or overtly threatened against the Company by a third party of a character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, or the Prospectus that is not disclosed therein as required by the Securities Act and
the rules thereunder and (b) no indenture, contract, lease, mortgage, deed of trust, note agreement, loan or other agreement or instrument of a 

	 	
character required to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, or the Incorporated Documents, which is not filed as required by the Securities Act and the rules thereunder.

  

	 	9.	No consent, approval, authorization or filing with or order of any U.S. Federal or California court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company
is required for the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by the Agreement, except such as have been obtained under the Securities Act and except such as may be required under the securities or blue sky laws of any
jurisdiction in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Placement Shares by you in the manner contemplated in the Agreement or under the bylaws, rules and regulations of FINRA. 

 

	 	10.	The Company is not, and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Placement Shares and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the
Prospectus, will not be required to register as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act. 

  

	 	11.	The Registration Statement has become effective under the Securities Act and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued
and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or overtly threatened. Any required filing of the Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act has been made in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b).

  

	 	12.	The Registration Statement as of             , 2012 and the Prospectus as of the date of the Prospectus
(other than the financial statements and notes thereto or other financial or statistical data derived therefrom, as to which Company Counsel expresses no opinion) each appeared on its face to comply as to form in all material respects with the
applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the rules thereunder. For purposes of this paragraph, Company Counsel has assumed that the statements made in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are correct and complete.

 EXHIBIT 7(m)(2) 

Form of Legal Letter 

The primary purpose of Company Counsel’s professional engagement was not to establish or confirm factual matters or financial or quantitative
information. Therefore, Company Counsel has not independently verified, and accordingly is not confirming and assumes no responsibility for, the accuracy, completeness or fairness of the statements contained in the Registration Statement or
Prospectus. However, in the course of acting as Company Counsel in connection with the preparation by the Company of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, Company Counsel reviewed the Registration Statement and Prospectus, and participated
in discussions and conferences with officers and other representatives of the Company, with its independent registered public accounting firm, as well as with your representatives and counsel, during which conferences and conversations the contents
of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and related matters were discussed. Company Counsel also reviewed and relied upon certain corporate records and documents, letters from counsel for the Company and accountants, and oral and written
statements of officers and other representatives of the Company and others as to the existence and consequence of certain factual and other matters. Based on Company Counsel’s participation, review and reliance as described above, Company
Counsel advises you that no facts came to Company’s Counsel attention that caused it to believe that: 
 (i) the Registration Statement
(except as to (A) the financial statements and schedules, related notes and other financial data and statistical data derived therefrom, (B) any intellectual property related matters and (C) any matters related to regulatory law, as
to which, in each case, Company Counsel expresses no comment), at the date and time that the Registration Statement became effective on
                        , 2012, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; or 
 (ii) the Prospectus (except as to (A) the financial
statements and schedules, related notes and other financial data and statistical data derived therefrom, (B) any intellectual property related matters and (C) any matters related to regulatory law, as to which, in each case, Company
Counsel expresses no comment) as of its date or dates as amended or supplemented, as applicable, and as of the date hereof, contained or contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or omits to state a material fact necessary, in
order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

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