Document:

Exhibit 4.1

 

Description of Capital Stock

 

The following summary description of material
terms of the Company's capital stock does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Company's
Restated Certificate of Incorporation (“Certificate of Incorporation”) and Amended and Restated Bylaws (“Bylaws”),
copies of which are filed as exhibits to the Company’s Form 10-K. Additionally, the following description is qualified by
reference to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

 

The Company's authorized capital stock consists of 75,000,000
shares of Common Stock, par value $.10 per share, 55,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $.10 per share, and 1,000,000
shares of Preferred Stock, par value $.10 per share.

 

 

Common Stock and Class A Common Stock

 

Voting. Each holder of Common Stock will
be entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held and each holder of Class A Common Stock will be entitled to ten votes
for each share of Class A Common Stock held, except to the extent that voting by class is required by law. At a meeting of stockholders
at which a quorum is present, a majority of the votes cast decides all questions, unless the matter is one upon which a different
vote is required by express provision of law or the Company's Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws. Under the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware, holders of Common Stock and Class A Common Stock will be entitled to vote as a class with respect
to certain matters, including mergers and amendments to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company which would have certain
specified effects on the Common Stock and Class A Common Stock, respectively. There is no cumulative voting with respect to the
election of directors (or any other matter). Because the Company's Board of Directors is classified, the holders of a majority
of the shares at a meeting at which a quorum is present can elect all of the directors of the class then to be elected if they
choose to do so, and, in such event, the holders of the remaining shares would not be able to elect any directors of that class.

 

Dividends. Holders of Common Stock and
Class A Common Stock will be entitled to receive ratably all such dividends, payable in cash or otherwise, as may be declared by
the Board of Directors out of assets or funds legally available; provided that the Board of Directors may, in its discretion, pay
to the holders of Common Stock a cash dividend greater than the dividend, if any, paid to the holders of Class A Common Stock;
and provided further that in the event of a stock dividend or stock split, only shares of Common Stock may be distributed with
respect to Common Stock and only shares of Class A Common Stock may be distributed with respect to Class A Common Stock.

 

Liquidation Rights. Owners of Common Stock
and Class A Common Stock will be equal and have the same rights with respect to distributions in connection with a partial or complete
liquidation of the Company.

 

Mergers and Consolidations. Each holder
of Common Stock and Class A Common Stock will be entitled to receive the same per share consideration in a merger or consolidation
of the Company (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation).

 

Preemptive Rights. Neither the Common Stock
nor the Class A Common Stock carry any preemptive rights enabling a holder to subscribe for or receive shares of any class of stock
of the Company or any other securities convertible into shares of any class of stock of the Company.

 

Convertibility. Shares of Class A Common
Stock are convertible at any time into shares of Common Stock on a share for share basis at the option of the holders thereof.

 

Certain Class A
Common Stock Transfer Restrictions. The Company's Bylaws restrict the sale, transfer or disposition of Class A Common Stock
except to existing Class A Common Stock stockholders and members of their families. This restriction may be amended only by
stockholders owning 75% or more of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock. All Class A Common Stock stockholders
retain the ability to convert Class A Common Stock to Common Stock. Common Stock is not subject to this transfer
restriction.

 

     

     

    

 

Exchange Listing. Shares of Common Stock
are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Class A Common Stock has not been registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission
or listed on any national securities exchange.

 

Preferred Stock

 

No shares of Preferred Stock are outstanding.
The Company's Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the Board of Directors to issue up to 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock
in one or more series and to establish such relative voting, dividend, redemption, liquidation, conversion and other powers, preferences,
rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions as the Board of Directors may determine without further approval of the stockholders
of the Company. The issuance of Preferred Stock by the Board of Directors could, among other things, adversely affect the voting
power of the holders of Common Stock and, under certain circumstances, make it more difficult for a person or group to gain control
of the Company.

 

The issuance of any series of Preferred
Stock and the relative powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of such series, if and when established,
will depend upon, among other things, the future capital needs of the Company, the then existing market conditions and other factors
that, in the judgment of the Board of Directors, might warrant the issuance of Preferred Stock.

 

Stock Purchase Rights

 

As of June 14, 2016, the Company entered into a rights agreement
with Computershare Inc. (the “Rights Agreement”). The Rights Agreement is substantially the same as the rights agreement
previously in place with Mellon Investor Services, LLC dated June 14, 2006, as amended, which expired by its terms on June 13,
2016. Computershare Inc. is the Company’s transfer agent.

 

Effective June
14, 2016, the Company’s board of directors authorized and declared the issuance of one common stock purchase right for each
share of common stock of the Company outstanding on June 14, 2016 and each share of common stock issued thereafter, subject to
certain limitations. Each right entitles the registered holder to purchase from us one share of common stock at a purchase
price of $10.00 per share. The description and terms of the rights are set forth in the Rights Agreement. The following
summarizes the principal terms of the Rights Agreement as previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

The rights are
attached to and trade in tandem with our common stock. The rights, unless earlier redeemed by our board of directors, will
detach and trade separately from our common stock only upon the occurrence of certain events such as the unsolicited acquisition
by a third party of beneficial ownership of 10% or more of our outstanding combined common stock and Class A common stock or the
announcement by a third party of the intent to commence a tender or exchange offer for 10% or more of our outstanding combined
common stock and Class A common stock. After the rights have detached, the holders of such rights would generally have the
ability to purchase such number of either shares of our common stock or stock of an acquiror of our Company having a market value
equal to twice the exercise price of the right being exercised, thereby causing substantial dilution to a person or group of persons
attempting to acquire control of our Company. The rights may serve as a significant deterrent to unsolicited attempts to acquire
control of us, including transactions involving a premium to the market price of our stock. The rights expire on June 13,
2026, unless earlier redeemed.

 

Initially the
rights will not be exercisable, certificates will not be sent to stockholders and the rights will automatically trade with the
common stock.

 

The rights will
be represented by and transferred with, and only with, the common stock until the close of business on the distribution date, which
will occur on the earlier of:

 

     

     

    

 

	 	●	 	the tenth day following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons has acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the outstanding combined equity of our common stock and Class A common stock; or

 

	 	●	 	a date fixed by our board of directors which is not later than the nineteenth business day after the commencement of a tender offer or exchange offer which would result in the ownership of 10% or more of the outstanding combined equity of common stock and Class A common stock.

 

Certificates issued
for common stock on and after June 14, 2016 will contain a legend incorporating the Rights Agreement by reference, and the surrender
for transfer of any of our common stock certificates will also constitute the transfer of the rights associated with the common
stock. As soon as practicable following the distribution date, separate right certificates will be mailed to holders of record
of our common stock as of the close of business on the distribution date, and thereafter the separate certificates alone will evidence
the rights.

 

The rights are
not exercisable until an event occurs which gives rise to a distribution date. The rights will expire at the close of business
on June 13, 2026, unless earlier redeemed by us as described below. Common stock issued after the distribution date will be
issued with rights, if such common stock certificates are issued pursuant to the exercise of stock options or under an employee
benefit plan.

 

The purchase price
payable, and the number of shares of common stock or other securities or property issuable, upon exercise of the rights are subject
to adjustment from time to time to prevent dilution:

 

	 	●	 	in the event of a stock dividend on, or a subdivision, combination or reclassification of the common stock;

 

	 	●	 	upon the grant to holders of the common stock of certain rights or warrants to subscribe for common stock or convertible securities at less than the current market price at the time of grant; or

 

	 	●	 	upon the distribution to holders of the common stock of evidences of indebtedness or assets, excluding regular cash dividends and dividends payable in common stock, or of subscription rights or warrants other than those referred to above.

 

Unless the rights
are earlier redeemed, in the event that, after a stock acquisition date, we were to be acquired in a merger or other business combination
(in which any shares of our common stock are changed into or exchanged for other securities or assets) or more than 50% of our
assets or earning power were to be sold or transferred in one or a series of related transactions, the Rights Agreement provides
that proper provision shall be made so that each holder of record of a right will from and after such date have the right to receive,
upon payment of the purchase price, that number of shares of common stock of the acquiring company having a market value at the
time of such transaction equal to two times the purchase price.

 

Each holder of
a right, other than the acquiring person, will have the right to receive, upon payment of the purchase price, a number of shares
of common stock having a market value equal to twice the purchase price in the event:

 

	 	●	 	any person becomes the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the then outstanding combined equity of common stock and Class A common stock, other than pursuant to an all-cash tender offer on the same terms for all outstanding shares of common stock and Class A common stock pursuant to which no purchases of common stock or Class A common stock are made for at least 60 days from the date of commencement thereof and which is accepted by holders of not less than the number of shares of common stock and Class A common stock that, when aggregated with the number of shares of common stock and Class A common stock owned by the person making the offer, and its affiliates or associates, equals or exceeds 75% of the outstanding common stock and Class A common stock; or

 

     

     

    

 

	 	●	 	any acquiring person or any of its affiliates or associates engages in one or more “self-dealing” transactions as described in the Rights Agreement.

 

This same right
will be available to each holder of record of a right, other than the acquiring person, if, while there is an acquiring person,
there occurs any reclassification of securities, any recapitalization of the Company, or any merger or consolidation or other transaction
involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries which has the effect of increasing by more than 1% the proportionate ownership
interest in the Company or any of its subsidiaries which is owned or controlled by the acquiring person. To the extent that
insufficient shares of common stock are available for the exercise in full of the rights, holders of rights will receive upon exercise,
shares of common stock to the extent available and then cash, property or other securities of the Company (which may be accompanied
by a reduction in the purchase price), in proportions determined by us, so that the aggregate value received is equal to twice
the purchase price. Rights that are beneficially owned by an acquiring person will be null and void.

 

Any person that
is the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the outstanding combined equity of common stock and Class A common stock prior to the
adoption of the rights plan will not be deemed an acquiring person. RMT Trust and Henry B. Tippie are, therefore, excluded
from the definition of acquiring person.

 

No fractional
shares of common stock or other securities of the Company will be issued upon exercise of the rights and, in lieu thereof, a payment
in cash will be made to the holder of such rights equal to the same fraction of the current market value of a share of common stock
or other securities of the Company.

 

At any time until
ten days following the stock acquisition date (subject to extension by our board of directors), our board of directors may cause
us to redeem the rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.001 per right, subject to adjustment. Immediately upon
the action of the board of directors authorizing redemption of the rights, the right to exercise the rights will terminate, and
the holders of rights will only be entitled to receive the redemption price without any interest thereon.

 

For as long as
the rights are then redeemable, we may, except with respect to the redemption price or date of expiration of the rights, amend
the rights in any manner, including an amendment to extend the time period in which the rights may be redeemed. At any time
when the rights are not then redeemable, we may amend the rights in any manner that does not adversely affect the interests of
holders of the rights as such.

 

Until a right
is exercised, the holder, as such, will have no rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right
to vote or to receive dividends.

 

The rights have
certain anti-takeover effects. The rights may cause substantial dilution to a person or group who attempts to acquire us on
terms not approved by our board of directors. The rights were not declared in response to any specific effort to acquire control
of us, and our board of directors is not aware of any such effort. The rights should not interfere with any merger or other
business combination approved by the board since the rights may be redeemed by us at $0.001 per right at any time until the close
of business on the tenth day after a person or group has obtained beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the outstanding shares
of our common stock and Class A common stock.

 

A copy of the Rights Agreement has been
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. A copy of the Rights Agreement is available free of charge upon written request
to the Company. This description of the Rights is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Rights Agreement, which is incorporated
in this description by reference.

 

A separate Rights Agreement applies to
all shares of Class A Common Stock and has substantially the same terms as the Rights Agreement with respect to Common Stock, except
that the Class A Common Stock Purchase Right is for the purchase of one share of Class A Common Stock at the same per share Purchase
Price and exercisable on the same triggering events. In both Rights Agreements, the triggering events are based on calculations
involving the combined equity of Common Stock and Class A Common Stock.

 

     

     

    

 

Delaware Law and Certain Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaw
Provisions

 

Certain provisions of the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware (including but not limited to Section 203) and of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws,
may be considered to have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, deter or prevent a tender offer, proxy contest, removal of incumbent
directors or management, takeover attempt or other transactions involving control of the Company that a stockholder might consider
to be in such stockholder's best interest, including such an attempt as might result in payment of a premium over the market price
for shares held by stockholders. The adoption of the Rights Plan described above also has certain anti-takeover effects.

 

Dual Class and Super Majority Voting. The
Company’s dual class structure and super majority voting of Class A Common Stock may facilitate continued ownership of a
substantial portion of the voting securities of the Company by existing officers and directors, even if one or more of them should
find it necessary to sell a significant block of stock for diversification, for tax obligations or for other reasons.

 

Classified Board of Directors. The Company's
Certificate of Incorporation provides for the Board of Directors to be divided into three classes of directors serving staggered
three-year terms. The over-all effect of such a provision may be to render more difficult a change in control of the Company or
the removal of incumbent management.

 

Removal of Directors; Filling Vacancies.
The Bylaws and Certificate of Incorporation provide that directors may be removed by stockholders of the Company only for cause.
The Bylaws provide that vacant directorships may be filled by the Board of Directors acting by vote of a majority of the directors
then in office.

 

Special Meetings of Stockholders. The Certificate
of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that special meetings of stockholders of the Company may be called only by (i) the Chairman
of the Board of Directors, (ii) the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, (iii) the Chairman of the Executive Committee, or
(iv) the President. Special meetings may not be called by the stockholders.

 

Stockholder Action by Written Consent.
The Company's Bylaws provide that action required to be taken or which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders
may be taken without a meeting, and stockholders shall have the power to consent in writing, without a meeting, to the taking of
any action, except where prohibited by law or the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange.

 

Certain Business Combinations. The Company's
Certificate of Incorporation provides that the affirmative vote of holders of a least 75% of the outstanding shares of capital
stock of the Company entitled to vote in the election of directors is required to approve certain business combinations involving
the Company and any person owning more than 20% of the Company's outstanding voting stock (an 'Interested Stockholder'), including
any merger, consolidation or similar business combination, any issuance or transfer of securities by the Company or its subsidiary
to any Interested Stockholder or its affiliate in exchange for cash, securities or other property having an aggregate fair market
value of $5,000,000 or more, the transfer or other disposition of assets by the Company or its subsidiary to an Interested Stockholder
or its affiliate having an aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more, the adoption of any plan or proposal for liquidation
or dissolution of the Company, and any reclassification or recapitalization which would increase the proportionate shareholdings
of any class of stock owned by an Interested Stockholder or an affiliate of such Interested Stockholder.

 

     

     

    

 

Amendment to Certain
Provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws. Subject to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the
Certificate of Incorporation may be amended by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon,
together with the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of each class or series entitled to vote thereon as
a class or series in accordance with the Delaware law and the Certificate of Incorporation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
amendment, modification or repeal of certain provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation regarding (i) the Capital Stock of
the Company, (ii) the classification of the Board of Directors, (iii) certain business combinations and (iv) amendments to the Certificate
of Incorporation and the Bylaws requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding shares of capital
stock of the Company then entitled to vote in the election of directors.

 

The stockholders may make, alter or repeal
any bylaws whether or not adopted by them, provided, that any such additional bylaws, alterations or repeal may be adopted only
by the affirmative vote of the holders of 75% or more of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company entitled to vote
in the election of directors, unless such additional bylaws, alterations or repeal have been recommended to the stockholders for
adoption by a majority of the Board of Directors, in which event such additional bylaws, alterations or repeal may be adopted by
the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company entitled to vote in
the election of directors.fulc-ex42_198.htm

Exhibit 4.2

 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES REGISTERED UNDER SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

The following description of the securities of Fulcrum Therapeutics, Inc. (“us,” “our,” “we” or the “Company”) registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is intended as a summary only and therefore is not a complete description. This description is based upon, and is qualified by reference to, our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws and applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). You should read our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, which are incorporated by reference as Exhibit 3.1 and Exhibit 3.2, respectively, to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit 4.2 is a part, for the provisions that are important to you.

Authorized Capital Stock

Our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, all of which preferred stock is undesignated. Our common stock is registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.

Common Stock

Voting Rights. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders and do not have cumulative voting rights. Each election of directors by our stockholders will be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote on the election. Any matters other than the election of directors to be voted upon by the stockholders at a meeting are decided by the vote of the holders of shares of stock having a majority in voting power of the votes cast by the holders of all of the shares of stock present or represented at the meeting and voting affirmatively or negatively on such matter, except when a different vote is required by law, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws.

Dividends. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive proportionately any dividends as may be declared by our board of directors, subject to any preferential dividend or other rights of any outstanding preferred stock.

Liquidation, Dissolution and Winding Up. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive proportionately all assets available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to any preferential or other rights of any outstanding preferred stock. 

Other Rights. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future. 

Preferred Stock

 Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors is authorized to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock in one or more series without stockholder approval. Our board of directors has the discretion to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock. The issuance of preferred stock could impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt. 

Provisions of Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and the DGCL That May Have Anti-Takeover Effects

Board of Directors; Removal of Directors. Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws divide our board of directors into three classes with staggered three-year terms. In addition, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws provide that directors may be removed only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of our shares of capital stock present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote in an election of directors or class of directors. Under our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, any vacancy on our board of directors, including a vacancy resulting from an enlargement of our board of directors, may be filled only by vote of a majority of our directors then in office. Furthermore, our certificate of incorporation provides that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by the resolution of our board of directors. The classification of our board of directors and the limitations on the ability of our stockholders to remove directors, change the authorized number of directors and fill vacancies could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or discourage a third party from seeking to acquire, control of our company. 

Stockholder Action; Special Meeting of Stockholders; Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations. Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws provide that any action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders at an annual meeting or special meeting of stockholders may only be taken if it is properly brought before such meeting and may not be taken by written action in lieu of a meeting. Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws also provide that, except as otherwise required by law, special meetings of the stockholders can only be called by our board of directors. In addition, our bylaws establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of stockholders, including 

 

 

proposed nominations of candidates for election to our board of directors. Stockholders at an annual meeting may only consider proposals or nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of our board of directors, or by a stockholder of record on the record date for the meeting who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has delivered timely written notice in proper form to our secretary of the stockholder’s intention to bring such business before the meeting. These provisions could have the effect of delaying until the next stockholder meeting stockholder actions that are favored by the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities. These provisions also could discourage a third party from making a tender offer for our common stock because even if the third party acquired a majority of our outstanding voting stock, it would be able to take action as a stockholder, such as electing new directors or approving a merger, only at a duly called stockholders meeting and not by written consent. 

Super-Majority Voting. The DGCL provides generally that the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote on any matter is required to amend a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws unless a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, as the case may be, requires a greater percentage. Our bylaws may be amended or repealed by a majority vote of our board of directors or the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of the votes that all our stockholders would be entitled to cast in any annual election of directors. In addition, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of the votes that all our stockholders would be entitled to cast in any election of directors is required to amend or repeal or to adopt any provisions inconsistent with any of the provisions of our certificate of incorporation described above. 

Delaware Business Combination Statute. We are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL. Subject to certain exceptions, Section 203 prevents a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with any “interested stockholder” for three years following the date that the person became an interested stockholder, unless either the interested stockholder attained such status with the approval of our board of directors, the business combination is approved by our board of directors and stockholders in a prescribed manner or the interested stockholder acquired at least 85% of our outstanding voting stock in the transaction in which it became an interested stockholder. A “business combination” includes, among other things, a merger or consolidation involving us and the “interested stockholder” and the sale of more than 10% of our assets. In general, an “interested stockholder” is any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by such entity or person.

Exclusive Forum Selection. Our certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders to our company or our stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or (4) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws (in each case, as they may be amended from time to time) or governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This exclusive forum provision will not apply to actions arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Although our certificate of incorporation contains the choice of forum provision described above, it is possible that a court could rule that such a provision is inapplicable for a particular claim or action or that such provision is unenforceable. 

 

2

 

	
ActiveUS 178053218v.2

Source: [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00306-of-00352.parquet"}, [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00306-of-00352.parquet"}]]