Document:

Restated Certificate of Incorporation of SkyTerra Communications, Inc.

 Exhibit 4.1 
 RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION 
 OF 
 SKYTERRA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 
 (pursuant to Section 245 of the 
 Delaware General Corporation Law) 
 SKYTERRA
COMMUNICATIONS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), the original Certificate of Incorporation of which was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on August 15, 1985 under the name International
Cogeneration Corporation, DOES HEREBY CERTIFY: 
 This Restated Certificate of Incorporation hereby restates and integrates, without further
amendment, pursuant to Section 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware as set forth in Title 8 of the Delaware Code, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended to date. There is no discrepancy between the
terms of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation and the terms of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended to date. The text of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as so restated, is as follows: 
 FIRST: The name of the Company is Skyterra Communications, Inc. 
 SECOND: The address of the Company’s registered office in the State of Delaware is Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle 19801. The name of its registered
agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company. 
 THIRD: The purpose of the Company is to engage in any lawful act or activity for
which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. 
 FOURTH: The aggregate number of shares
which the Company shall have authority to issue shall be: 
 Three Hundred Ten Million (310,000,000) shares, consisting
of Two Hundred Million (200,000,000) shares of Common Stock, with a par value of One Cent ($0.01) per share, One Hundred Million (100,000,000) shares of Non-Voting Common Stock, with a par value of One Cent ($0.01) per share, and Ten
Million (10,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock, with a par value of One Cent ($0.01) per share. The Board of Directors, in its sole direction, shall have full and complete authority, by resolutions, from time to time, to establish one or more
series or classes to issue shares of Preferred Stock, and to fix, determine and vary the voting rights, designations, preferences, restrictions, qualifications, privileges, limitations, options, conversion rights and other special rights of each
series or class of Preferred Stock, including, but not limited to, dividend rates and 

 
mannerof payment, preferential amounts payable upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, voting rights, conversion rights, redemption prices, terms and
conditions and sinking fund and stock purchase prices, terms and conditions. 
 FIFTH: The name and mailing address of the incorporator is
International Cogeneration Corporation, a Nevada corporation, with principal offices at 320 Walnut Street, Suite 105, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106. The powers of the incorporator terminated upon the filing of the original Certificate of
Incorporation of the Company on August 15, 1985. 
 SIXTH: Election of directors need not be by written ballot. 
 SEVENTH: The Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board of Directors”) is authorized to adopt, amend or repeal By-Laws of the
Company. 
 EIGHTH: The following provisions are inserted to limit the liability of directors and officers of the Company to the full extent
of the law allowable and for the conduct of the affairs of the Company, and it is expressly provided that they are intended to be in furtherance and not in limitation or exclusion of the powers conferred by law: 
 (a) No director shall be personally liable to the Company or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of his or her fiduciary duty
as a director, except (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the Company or its stockholders; (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
(iii) for paying a dividend or approving a stock repurchase which is illegal under section 174 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code relating to the Delaware General Corporation Law; or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an
improper personal benefit. 
 (b) No contract or other transaction between the Company and any other firm or corporation shall
be affected or invalidated by reason of the fact that any one or more of the directors or officers of this Company is or are interested in, or is a member, stockholder, director or officer or are members, stockholders, directors or officers,
individually or jointly, may be a party or parties to, or may be interested in, any contract or transaction of this Company or in which this Company with any person or persons, firm, association or corporation, shall be affected or invalidated by
reason of the fact that any director or officer or officers of this Company is a party, or are parties to, or interested, such contract, act of transaction, or in any way connected, with such person or persons, firms, association or corporation, and
each and every person who may become a director or officer of this Company is relieved from any liability that might otherwise exist from thus contracting with this Company for the benefit of himself or any firm, association, or corporation in which
he may be in any way interested. 
 (c) Subject to such restrictions and regulations contained in by-laws adopted by the
stockholders, the Board of Directors may make, alter, amend and rescind the by-laws, and may provide therein for the appointment of an executive committee from their own members, to exercise all or any of the powers of the board, which may be
amended or repealed, at any time, by the stockholders. 
  

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 (d) The Board of Directors shall have power, in its discretion, to provide for and to pay
for directors rendering unusual or exceptional services to the Company special compensation appropriate to the value of such services. 
 (e) By resolution duly adopted by the holders of not less than a majority of the shares of stock then issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at any regular or special meeting of the stockholders of the Company
duly called and held as provided in the by-laws of the Company, any director or directors of the Company may be removed from office at any time or times, with or without cause. The Board of Directors may at any time remove any officers of the
Company with or without cause. 
 (f) The Company may indemnify each person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made
a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Company) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director,
officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including
attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amount paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, if he acted in good faith in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to
the best interest of the Company, and with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or
upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and
with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. 
 (g) The
Company may indemnify each person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is
or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably
incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest of the Company, except that no indemnification shall be
made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Company unless and only to the extent that the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that,
despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other Court shall deem proper. 
 (h) To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of
any action, suit or proceeding referred to herein or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be 

  

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indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith. 
 (i) Any indemnification under paragraphs herein (unless ordered by a Court) shall be made by the Company upon a determination that
indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in said paragraphs. Such determination shall be made (1) by the Board of Directors by a
majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (2) if such a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (3) by the
stockholders. 
 (j) The Company may pay expenses incurred by defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding in
advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding in the manner provided herein upon receipt of any undertaking by or on behalf of the director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall be ultimately determined
that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company as authorized in this section. 
 The indemnification and advancement
of expenses provided for herein shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and
administrators of such a person. 
 (k) The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided herein or granted pursuant to
this provision shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or of any disinterested directors or otherwise, both
as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office. 
 (l) The Company may
purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was serving the Company in any capacity referred to hereinabove against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in such capacity, or arising out of his status as such,
whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions herein. 
 (m)
The provisions herein shall be applicable to all claims, action, suits, or proceedings made or commenced after the adoption hereof, whether arising from acts or omissions to act occurring before or after the adoption hereof. 
 NINTH: At each annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, all directors shall be elected for a one-year term expiring at the next succeeding
annual meeting of stockholders. Any director may be removed from office by a vote of the holders of a majority of the shares then issued and outstanding. Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number
of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or the sole remaining director, and shall not be filled by the stockholders; any director so chosen shall hold office until the next annual
meeting of stockholders, and until his or her successor shall be duly elected and shall qualify, unless sooner displaced. 
  

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 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be executed this
18th day of October, 2006. 
  

			
	SKYTERRA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
		
	By:	 	/s/ Robert Lewis
	Name:	 	Robert Lewis
	Title:	 	Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

  

 5Amended and Restated ByLaws of SkyTerra Communications, Inc.

 Exhibit 4.2 
 AMENDED AND RESTATED 
 BY-LAWS 
 OF 
 SKYTERRA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 
 f/k/a RARE MEDIUM GROUP, INC. 
 (hereinafter called the “Corporation”)

 ARTICLE I 
 OFFICES

 Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation shall be in the City of Wilmington, County
of New Castle, State of Delaware. 
 Section 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places
both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. 
 ARTICLE II 
 MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS 
 Section 1. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such time and place, either within or without the State of Delaware as shall be designated
from time to time by the Board of Directors. 

 Section 2. Annual Meetings. The Annual Meetings of Stockholders for the election of
directors shall be held on such date and at such time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. Any other proper business may be transacted at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders. 
 Section 3. Special Meetings. Unless otherwise required by law or by the certificate of incorporation of the Corporation, as amended
and restated from time to time (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), Special Meetings of Stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, may be called by either (i) the Chairman, if there be one, (ii) the Chief Executive Officer, if
there be one, or (iii) the President, (iv) any Vice President, if there be one, (v) the Secretary or (vi) any Assistant Secretary, if there be one, and shall be called by any such officer at the request in writing of (i) the
Board of Directors, (ii) a committee of the Board of Directors that has been duly designated by the Board of Directors and whose powers and authority include the power to call such meetings or (iii) stockholders owning a majority of the
capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. At a Special Meeting of Stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall be specified
in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto). 
 Section 4. Notice. Whenever stockholders are required or
permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the meeting shall be given which shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a 

  

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special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless otherwise required by law, the written notice of any meeting shall be given
not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. 
 Section 5. Adjournments. Any meeting of the stockholders may be adjourned from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the time and place
thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or
if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. 
 Section 6. Quorum. Unless otherwise required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of a majority of the capital
stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by
the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall
have power to adjourn 

  

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the meeting from time to time, in the manner provided in Section 5, until a quorum shall be present or represented. 
 Section 7. Voting. Unless otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, any question brought before
any meeting of stockholders, other than the election of directors, shall be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority of the total number of votes of the capital stock represented and entitled to vote thereat, voting as a single class. Unless
otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, and subject to Section 5 of Article V hereof, each stockholder represented at a meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to cast one vote for each share of the capital stock entitled to
vote thereat held by such stockholder. Such votes may be cast in person or by proxy but no proxy shall be voted on or after three years from its date, unless such proxy provides for a longer period. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, or the
officer of the Corporation presiding at a meeting of stockholders, in such officer’s discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting shall be cast by written ballot. 
 Section 8. Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any action
required or permitted to be taken at any Annual or Special Meeting of Stockholders of the Corporation, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken,
shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number 

  

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of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall
be delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are
recorded. Delivery made to the Corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each stockholder who signs the consent and
no written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within sixty days of the earliest dated consent delivered in the manner required by this Section 8 to the Corporation, written consents signed by a
sufficient number of holders to take action are delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the state of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in
which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing and who,
if the action had been taken at a meeting, would have been entitled to notice of the meeting if the record date for such meeting had been the date that written consents signed by a sufficient number of holders to take the action were delivered to
the Corporation as provided above in this section. 
  

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 Section 9. List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote. The officer of the Corporation who
has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the
address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of
at least ten days prior to the meeting either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list
shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder of the Corporation who is present. 
 Section 10. Stock Ledger. The stock ledger of the Corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to
examine the stock ledger, the list required by Section 9 of this Article II or the books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders. 
 Section 11. Conduct of Meetings. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the
conduct of the meeting of the stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the 

  

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chairman of any meeting of the stockholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts
as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without
limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) the determination of when the polls shall open and close for any given matter to be voted on at the meeting; (iii) rules and
procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iv) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or
such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (v) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (vi) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by
participants. 
 ARTICLE III 
 DIRECTORS 
 Section 1. Number and Election of Directors. The Board of Directors shall consist of not less
than one nor more than fifteen members, the exact number of which shall initially be fixed by the Incorporator and thereafter from time to time by the Board of Directors. Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the 

  

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votes cast at the Annual Meetings of Stockholders (or any Special Meeting of Stockholders called for the purpose) and each director so elected shall hold
office until the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until such director’s successor is duly elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal. Any director may resign at any time upon written notice
to the Corporation. Directors need not be stockholders. 
 Section 2. Vacancies. Unless otherwise required by law or the
Certificate of Incorporation, vacancies arising through death, resignation, removal, an increase in the number of directors or otherwise may be filled only by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole
remaining director, and the directors so chosen shall hold office until the next annual election and until their successors are duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier death, resignation or removal. 
 Section 3. Duties and Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of
Directors which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws required to be exercised or done by the stockholders. 

Section 4. Meetings. The Board of Directors may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of
Delaware. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at 

  

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such place as may from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman, if
there be one, the President, or by any director. Notice thereof stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each director either by mail not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the date of the meeting, by telephone or
telegram on twenty-four (24) hours’ notice, or on such shorter notice as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem necessary or appropriate in the circumstances. 
 Section 5. Quorum. Except as otherwise required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, at all meetings of the Board of Directors,
a majority of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors. If a
quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting of the time and place of the adjourned meeting,
until a quorum shall be present. 
 Section 6. Actions by Written Consent. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of
Incorporation, or these By-Laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all the members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case
may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or 

  

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writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. 
 Section 7. Meetings by Means of Conference Telephone. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, members of the
Board of Directors of the Corporation, or any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons
participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 6 shall constitute presence in person at such meeting. 
 Section 8. Committees. The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate
one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of any such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, and in the absence of a designation
by the Board of Directors of an alternate member to replace the absent or disqualified member, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may
unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member. Any committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the resolution establishing such committee, shall
have and may 

  

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exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal
of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. Each committee shall keep regular minutes and report to the Board of Directors when required. 
 Section 9. Compensation. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the
Board of Directors or a stated salary as director, payable in cash or securities. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing
committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings. 
 Section 10. Interested Directors. No
contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are
directors or officers or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof which
authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because the director or officer’s vote is counted for such purpose if (i) the material facts as to the director or officer’s relationship or interest and as to the contract or
transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the 

  

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committee, and the Board of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the
disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or (ii) the material facts as to the director or officer’s relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to
the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (iii) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized,
approved or ratified by the Board of Directors, a committee thereof or the stockholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes
the contract or transaction. 
 ARTICLE IV 
 OFFICERS 
 Section 1. General. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by
the Board of Directors and shall be a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, also may choose a Chairman of the Board of Directors (who must be a director), a Chief Executive Officer, and one or more Vice
Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and other officers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless otherwise prohibited by law or the Certificate of Incorporation. The officers of the Corporation need not be

  

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stockholders of the Corporation nor, except in the case of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, need such officers be directors of the Corporation.

 Section 2. Election. The Board of Directors, at its first meeting held after each Annual Meeting of Stockholders (or
action by written consent of stockholders in lieu of the Annual Meeting of Stockholders), shall elect the officers of the Corporation who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be
determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; and all officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualified, or until their earlier death, resignation or removal. Any officer elected by the Board of
Directors may be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors. The salaries of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed
by the Board of Directors. 
 Section 3. Voting Securities Owned by the Corporation. Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers
of notice of meeting, consents and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the President or any Vice President or any other officer authorized to do so by
the Board of Directors and any such officer may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation in
which the Corporation may own securities and at any such 

  

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meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and power incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the
Corporation might have exercised and possessed if present. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons. 
 Section 4. Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, shall preside at all meetings
of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors. Except where by law the signature of the President is required, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall possess the same power as the President to sign all contracts, certificates and other
instruments of the Corporation which may be authorized by the Board of Directors. During the absence or disability of the Chief Executive Officer, or if there be none, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall exercise all the powers and
discharge all the duties of the Chief Executive Officer. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as may from time to time be assigned by these By-Laws or by the Board of
Directors. 
 Section 5. Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall, if there be one, subject to the
control of the Board of Directors and, if there be one, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, have general supervision of the business of the Corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into
effect. Except where by law the signature of the President is required, the Chief Executive Officer shall possess the same power as 

  

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the President to sign all contracts, certificates and other instruments of the Corporation which may be authorized by the Board of Directors. In the absence
or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors. During the absence or disability of the President, the Chief
Executive Officer shall exercise all the powers and discharge all the duties of the President. The Chief Executive Officer shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as may from time to time be assigned to such officer
by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors. 
 Section 6. President. The President shall execute all bonds, mortgages,
contracts and other instruments of the Corporation requiring a seal, under the seal of the Corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except that the other officers of the Corporation may sign and
execute documents when so authorized by these By-Laws, the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President. In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer, or if there be no
Chairman of the Board of Directors and no Chief Executive Officer, the President shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, exercise all the powers and discharge all the duties of the Chairman of the Board of Directors and the Chief
Executive Officer. The President shall also perform such other duties and 

  

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may exercise such other powers as may from time to time be assigned to such officer by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors. 
 Section 7. Vice Presidents. At the request of the President or in the President’s absence or in the event of the President’s
inability or refusal to act (and if there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors and no Chief Executive Officer), the Vice President, or the Vice Presidents if there is more than one (in the order designated by the Board of Directors), shall
perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. Each Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors
from time to time may prescribe. If there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors, no Chief Executive Officer and no Vice President, the Board of Directors shall designate the officer of the Corporation who, in the absence of the President or in
the event of the inability or refusal of the President to act, shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. 
 Section 8. Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of stockholders and record
all the proceedings thereat in a book or books to be kept for that purpose; the Secretary shall also perform like duties for committees of the Board of Directors when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings
of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties 

  

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as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, under whose supervision
the Secretary shall be. If the Secretary shall be unable or shall refuse to cause to be given notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and if there be no Assistant Secretary, then the Board of
Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President may choose another officer to cause such notice to be given. The Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation and the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, if there be one, shall
have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or by the signature of any such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any
other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest to the affixing by such officer’s signature. The Secretary shall see that all books, reports, statements, certificates and other documents and records required by law to be kept
or filed are properly kept or filed, as the case may be. 
 Section 9. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of
the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation
in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of 

  

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Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the
Board of Directors so requires, an account of all transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or
sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of the office of the Treasurer and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of the Treasurer’s death, resignation, retirement or
removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in the Treasurer’s possession or under the Treasurer’s control belonging to the Corporation. 
 Section 10. Assistant Secretaries. Assistant Secretaries, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time
to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Secretary, and in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of the Secretary’s disability or
refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Secretary, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Secretary. 
 Section 11. Assistant Treasurers. Assistant Treasurers, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the
Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Treasurer, and in the absence of 

  

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the Treasurer or in the event of the Treasurer’s disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Treasurer, and when so acting, shall have
all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Treasurer. If required by the Board of Directors, an Assistant Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the
Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of the office of Assistant Treasurer and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of the Assistant Treasurer’s death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all
books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in the Assistant Treasurer’s possession or under the Assistant Treasurer’s control belonging to the Corporation. 
 Section 12. Other Officers. Such other officers as the Board of Directors may choose shall perform such duties and have such powers as
from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate to any other officer of the Corporation the power to choose such other officers and to prescribe their respective duties and powers. 

ARTICLE V 
 STOCK 
 Section 1. Form of Certificates. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed, in the name
of the Corporation (i) by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or a Vice President and (ii) by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an 

  

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Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by such stockholder in the Corporation. 
 Section 2. Signatures. Any or all of the signatures on a certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or
registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as
if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. 
 Section 3. Lost Certificates. The
Board of Directors may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the
certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or
destroyed certificate, or the owner’s legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as the Board of Directors shall require and/or to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may
be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed or the issuance of such new certificate. 
  

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 Section 4. Transfers. Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner
prescribed by law and in these By-Laws. Transfers of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation only by the person named in the certificate or by such person’s attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the
certificate therefor, which shall be cancelled before a new certificate shall be issued. No transfer of stock shall be valid as against the Corporation for any purpose until it shall have been entered in the stock records of the Corporation by an
entry showing from and to whom transferred. 
 Section 5. Record Date. 
 (a) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any
adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty
nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of
business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or
to vote at a meeting of 

  

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stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; providing, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned
meeting. 
 (b) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in
writing without a meeting, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than
ten days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate
action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is required by law, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation
by delivery to its registered office in this State, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to a
corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by the Board of Directors is required by law, the record
date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolutions taking such prior action. 
  

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 (c) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive
payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of
Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the
record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. 
 Section 6. Record Owners. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as
the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or
interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise required by law. 
 ARTICLE VI 
 NOTICES 
 Section 1. Notices. Whenever written notice is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given to any director, member of 

  

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a committee or stockholder, such notice may be given by mail, addressed to such director, member of a committee or stockholder, at such person’s address
as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail. Written notice may also be given personally or by
facsimile, telegram, telex or cable. 
 Section 2. Waivers of Notice. Whenever any notice is required by law, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given to any director, member of a committee or stockholder, a waiver thereof in writing, signed, by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein,
shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Attendance of a person at a meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where the person attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting
at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. 
 ARTICLE VII

 GENERAL PROVISIONS 
 Section 1. Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the requirements of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if
any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting of the Board of 

  

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Directors (or any action by written consent in lieu thereof in accordance with Section 6 of Article III hereof), and may be paid in cash, in property,
or in shares of the Corporation’s capital stock. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in its absolute
discretion, deems proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for any proper purpose, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any
such reserve. 
 Section 2. Disbursements. All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by
such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate. 
 Section 3.
Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors. In the absence of such a resolution, the fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on December 31. 
 Section 4. Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization
and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware”. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise. 
  

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 ARTICLE VIII 
 INDEMNIFICATION 
 Section 1. Definitions. Certain terms used in this Article VIII
shall be defined as follows or, where so indicated, shall include the following meanings in addition to their normal and their statutory meanings. 
 “Authorized Representative” shall mean a director or officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, acting solely in such capacity, or a person serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, partner, trustee,
employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, committee or other enterprise 50% or more of whose voting stock or equitable interest shall be owned by this Corporation. 
 “Criminal Third Party Proceeding” shall include any Third Party Proceedings involving potential criminal liability. 
 “Derivative Action” shall mean any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by the Corporation to produce a judgment in favor of its
shareholders, or any threatened, pending or completed action or suit in the right of the Corporation by its shareholders to procure a judgment in favor of the Corporation. 
 “Disinterested Directors” shall include directors of the Corporation who are not parties or have no economic or other collateral personal
benefit relating to a Third Party Proceeding or Derivative Action. 
  

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 “Party” shall include any person who is required to give testimony or becomes similarly
involved, whether or not named in the action as a party thereto. 
 “Third Party Proceeding” shall mean any threatened, pending or
completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, quasi-administrative or investigative, other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation. 
 Section 2. Directors and Officers — Third Party Proceedings. The Corporation shall indemnify any director and any officer of the
Corporation who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any Third Party Proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she was or is an Authorized Representative of the Corporation against his or her expenses and liabilities (including
attorneys’ fees), actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with the Third Party Proceeding if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed by him or her to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of
the Corporation and, with respect to any Criminal Third Party Proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful or in violation of applicable rules. The termination of any Third Party Proceeding by judgment, order,
settlement, consent filing of a criminal complaint or information, indictment, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which
he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Corporation or, with respect to any 

  

 27 

 
Criminal Third Party Proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. 
 Section 3. Directors and Officers — Derivative Actions. The Corporation shall indemnify any director or officer of the
Corporation who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any Derivative Action by reason of the fact that the director or officer was or is an Authorized Representative of the Corporation, against his or her expenses (including
attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in the action if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed by him or her to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Corporation;
except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which he or she shall have been adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his or her duty to the Corporation unless and only
to the extent that the court of common pleas, or other similarly constituted state court, located in the county where the registered office of the Corporation is located or the court in which such Derivative Action is or was pending, shall determine
upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all circumstances of the case, he or she is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for expenses which the court shall deem proper. 
 Section 4. Authorized Representatives Not Directors or Officers. An Authorized Representative of the Corporation other than a director
or officer of the Corporation may be indemnified by the Corporation or have his or her expenses 

  

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advanced in accordance with the procedures set forth in Sections 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 of this Article VIII. To the extent that an Authorized Representative of
the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any Third Party Proceeding or Derivative Action or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the Authorized Representative shall be indemnified against expenses
(including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection therewith. 
 Section 5.
Procedure for Effecting Indemnification. Indemnification under Sections 2, 3 or 4 of this Article VIII (unless ordered by a court, in which case the expenses, including attorneys’ fees of the Authorized Representative in enforcing
indemnification shall be added to and included in the final judgment against the Corporation) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that the indemnification of the Authorized Representative is
required or proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 2 or 3 of this Article VIII or has been successful on the merits or as otherwise set forth in Section 4 of this Article
and that the amount requested has been actually and reasonably incurred. Such determination shall be made: (i) by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof, acting by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of Disinterested Directors; or
(ii) if a quorum is not obtainable or, even if obtainable, a majority vote 

  

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of a quorum of Disinterested Directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion. 
 Section 6. Independent Legal Counsel. Independent legal counsel may be appointed by the Board of Directors, even if a quorum of
Disinterested Directors is not available, or by persons designated by the Board of Directors. Independent legal counsel shall not include any employee of the Corporation or any person who has been or is a member or employee of any firm which has
rendered services for a fee to the Corporation during the one year immediately preceding the appointment. If independent legal counsel shall determine in a written opinion that indemnification is proper under this Article, indemnification shall be
made without further action of the Board of Directors. 
 Section 7. Advancing Expenses. Expenses incurred in defending a
Third Party Proceeding or Derivative Action shall be paid on behalf of a director or officer, and may be paid on behalf of any Authorized Representative, by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of the action as authorized in the
manner provided by Section 5 of this Article VIII (except that the person(s) making the determination thereunder need not make a determination on whether the applicable standard of conduct has been met unless a judicial determination has been
made with respect thereto, or the person seeking indemnification has conceded that he or she has not met such standard) upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the Authorized Representative to repay the amount to be advanced unless it
shall 

  

 30 

 
ultimately be determined that the Authorized Representative is entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as required in this Article or authorized by
law. The financial ability of any Authorized Representative to make repayment shall not be a prerequisite to making of an advance. 
 Section 8. Conditions. The Corporation may impose reasonable restrictions upon any persons seeking indemnification (including advanced expenses) under this Article including, but not limited to, a condition to the effect
that, except to the extent differing interests compel another result, persons to be indemnified under this paragraph may be required to share the same counsel and other services. 
 Section 9. Insurance. The Corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was an
Authorized Representative against any expenses and liabilities asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such expenses and
liabilities under the provisions of this Article. 
 Section 10. Scope of Article. Each person who shall act as an
Authorized Representative of the Corporation shall be deemed to be doing so in reliance upon the rights of indemnification provided in this Article. 
 The indemnification provided by this Article shall not be deemed exclusive of any other right to which a person seeking indemnification may be entitled under any statute, agreement, vote of Disinterested Directors, or
otherwise, 

  

 31 

 
regardless of whether the event giving rise to indemnification occurred before or after the effectiveness thereof, both as to action taken in another
capacity while holding his or her office or position, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be an Authorized Representative of the Corporation and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs and personal representatives. 

ARTICLE IX 
 AMENDMENTS 

Section 1. Amendments. These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, or new By-Laws may be adopted by the
stockholders or by the Board of Directors, provided, however, that notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new By-Laws be contained in the notice of such meeting of stockholders or Board of Directors as the case may be. All such
amendments must be approved by either the holders of a majority of the outstanding capital stock entitled to vote thereon or by a majority of the entire Board of Directors then in office. 
 Section 2. Entire Board of Directors. As used in this Article IX and in these By-Laws generally, the term “entire Board of
Directors” means the total number of directors which the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies. 
 * * * 
 Adopted as of: April 26, 2000 
  

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