Document:

Form 8-K dated 7/2/01 - Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger

AMENDMENT TO
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

               This  AMENDMENT  TO THE  AGREEMENT  AND PLAN OF  MERGER  DATED AS OF APRIL 5, 2001 is made as of May 29,
 2001  (this
"Amendment"),  by and among TechSys, Inc., a New Jersey corporation having its principal office at 147 Columbia Turnpike, Florham Park,
New Jersey 07932  ("TechSys"),  Newco TKSS, Inc., a New Jersey  corporation  wholly-owned by TechSys having its principal office at 147
Columbia Turnpike,  Florham Park, New Jersey 07932 ("Newco"), and Fuel Cell Companies,  Inc., a Nevada corporation having its principal
office at 276 Belmont Place, Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 (the "Company," and together with TechSys and Newco, the "Parties").

              WHEREAS,  the Parties  have  entered  into an  Agreement  and Plan of Merger,  dated as of April 5, 2001 (the
"Merger
Agreement"),  which  contemplates  a  transaction  in which,  subject to the  approval of the  respective  shareholders  of each of the
Parties,  at the effective  time of the Merger (the  "Effective  Time"),  (i) Newco will merge with and into the Company in a merger in
which the Company will be the surviving  entity (the  "Merger"),  (ii) TechSys will issue certain merger  consideration,  as more fully
set forth in the Merger  Agreement  (the  "Merger  Consideration"),  to the  shareholders  of the  Company as of the record date of the
Merger, and (iii) the Company will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of TechSys;

               WHEREAS,  prior to the Effective Time, the Company desires to borrow up to $200,000 from Holding Capital
 Management,
LLC, a Delaware  limited  liability  company ("HCM"),  with such funds to be used by the Company for general  corporate  purposes,  and
desires for TechSys to guarantee such loan (the "Guarantee");

               WHEREAS, in connection with, and as consideration for, the Guarantee,  TechSys and the Company desire to
enter into a
certain  stock  option  agreement,  substantially  in the form of Exhibit A attached  hereto (the "Stock  Option  Agreement"),  and the
Parties desire to amend the Merger Agreement as set forth in, and in accordance with, this Amendment.

               NOW,  THEREFORE,  in  consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set forth in the Merger
Agreement and this
Amendment, and the mutual undertakings hereinafter set forth, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

                    1.     Delivery of Audited Financial  Statements
by the Company.  Notwithstanding the requirement of Section 4.5 of
the Merger Agreement that the Company shall, no later than May 25, 2001 (the "Audited Financial  Statement Delivery Date"),  deliver to
TechSys  the  audited  consolidated  balance  sheets of the  Company as of  December  31,  2000 and the  audited  related  consolidated
statements  of income and cash flows for the  12-month  periods  ending  December 31, 2000 and  December  31, 1999  (collectively,  the
"Audited Financial Statements"),  the Audited Financial Statement Delivery Date is hereby extended and the Company shall be required to
deliver the Audited Financial Statements to TechSys on or before July 5, 2001.

                   2.     Loan Agreement.

                         (a)  The Company shall execute and
deliver to HCM the following:

                              (i)  the
Senior Secured  Promissory Note in the principal  amount of $200,000,  with interest at
a rate of 12% per annum,
dated as of May 29, 2001 (the “Note”), substantially in the
form the Senior Security Promissory Note issued by the Company to HCM Capital on
March 30, 2001; and 

                               (ii)  
the Security Agreement,  dated as of May 29, 2001 (the "Security  Agreement"),  made by the
Company in favor of HCM,
substantially in the form of the Security Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2001,
made by the Company in favor of HCM. 

                          (b)  TechSys  shall  guarantee up
to $200,000  borrowed by the Company from HCM pursuant to the Note and
the Security Agreement.
TechSys shall not guarantee any amounts or other obligations previously owed, or
hereafter owed, by the Company to HCM or any other lender, except as may
otherwise be agreed upon by the Parties. 

                     3.     Liquidated  Damages. In
addition  to such  amounts as may become  payable  upon  termination  of the Merger
Agreement  pursuant to Section 8.3 of the Merger Agreement,  which are not affected hereby, the Company shall pay TechSys $2.25 million
as liquidated damages for time and effort expended in connection with the Merger and to compensate  TechSys for business  opportunities
lost as a result of the Merger, upon the occurrence of either of the following events:

                          (a)  the shareholders of the
Company fail to approve the Merger Agreement and related transactions, or

                          (b)  the Merger  Agreement  is
terminated  by the  Company for any reason  other than (i) the  material
failure of TechSys to
fulfill any condition of Closing imposed upon TechSys pursuant to Sections 6.1
and 6.2 of the Merger Agreement or (ii) the material failure of any condition
set forth in section 6.1 and 6.2 of the Merger Agreement not involving action by
the Company the failure of which is not in the control of, or caused by, the
Company. 

                      4.       Stock  Option
Agreement.  Contemporaneously  herewith,  TechSys and the Company  shall enter into the Stock
Option Agreement, which shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.

                     5.     Representations  and  Warranties.
  The Parties hereby  represent and warrant to one another that,  except as
expressly  amended hereby,  all  representations  and warranties set forth in the Merger  Agreement are true and correct as of the date
hereof.

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                    6.     Private  Offering.  The Parties
hereby agree that,  notwithstanding  Section 5.1(b) of the Merger Agreement,
which  provides that TechSys shall prepare and file with the Securities  and Exchange  Commission a registration  statement on Form S-4
(or other  appropriate  Form) to register  the Merger  Consideration  under the  Securities  Act of 1933 (the  "Act"),  the Parties may
otherwise  agree to privately  place such securities  pursuant to an exemption from  registration  under the Act, in which case Section
6.1(b) shall not be a condition of Closing.

          Except as expressly  amended  hereby,  each and every term,  covenant and  condition  of the Merger  Agreement  shall
continue in full force and effect.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Amendment as of the date first written above.

                                          FUEL CELL COMPANIES, INC.

                                          By: ______________________________
                                              Name:  Malcolm Bricklin
                                              Title:  Chief Executive Officer

                                          TECHSYS, INC.

                                          By: _____________________________
                                              Name:  Steven L. Trenk
                                              Title:  President

                                          NEWCO TKSS, INC.

                                          By: _______________________________
                                              Name:  Steven L. Trenk
                                              Title:  President

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Exhibit A

STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT

           THIS STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT ("Agreement")  dated as of May 29, 2001, is by and between  TechSys,  Inc., a New Jersey
corporation ("TKSS"), and Fuel Cell Companies, Inc., a Nevada corporation  ("FCCI").

BACKGROUND

          WHEREAS,  TKSS and FCCI,  as of the date  hereof,  are  prepared to execute an  amendment  (the  "Amendment")  to the
Agreement and Plan of Merger,  dated April 5, 2001, by and among TKSS, Newco TKSS, Inc. ("Newco"),  a New Jersey Corporation,  and FCCI
(the "Merger Agreement") pursuant to which Newco will be merged with and into FCCI (the "Merger"); and

         WHEREAS, TKSS has advised FCCI that it will execute the Amendment upon execution of  this Agreement by FCCI; and

          WHEREAS,  the Board of  Directors  of FCCI has  determined  that the Merger  Agreement  as  amended by the  Amendment
provides substantial benefits to the shareholders of FCCI; and

         WHEREAS,  as an inducement to TKSS to enter into the Amendment and in consideration  for such entry,  FCCI desires to
grant to TKSS an option  to  purchase  authorized  but  unissued  shares  of  common  stock of FCCI in an  amount  and on the terms and
conditions hereinafter set forth.

AGREEMENT

          In consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and agreements set forth herein,  in the Merger Agreement,
and in the Amendment, TKSS and FCCI, intending to be legally bound hereby, agree:

          1.  Grant of Option.  FCCI hereby grants to TKSS an option to purchase  9,000,000  shares of common  stock,  par
value $.0001,  of FCCI (the "Common Stock") at a price of $0.45 per share (the "Option  Price"),  on the terms and conditions set forth
herein (the  "Option");  provided,  however,  that in no event shall the number of shares for which this Option is  exercisable be less
than 10.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock,

          2.  Exercise of Option.  This Option shall not be  exercisable  until the  occurrence of a Triggering  Event (as
such term is hereinafter  defined).  Upon or after the occurrence of a Triggering  Event (as such term is  hereinafter  defined),  TKSS
may exercise the Option,  in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time,  subject to the terms and  conditions set forth herein
and the termination provisions of Section 19 of this Agreement.

         The term "Triggering Event" means the occurrence of any of the following events:

          A person or group (as such terms are  defined in the  Securities  Exchange  Act of 1934,  as amended  (the  "Exchange
Act"), and the rules and regulations thereunder) other than TKSS or an affiliate of TKSS:

                    a.  acquires  beneficial  ownership  (as such term is defined in Rule
13d-3 as  promulgated  under the
Exchange Act) of at least 9% of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock; or

                    b.  enters into a letter of intent or an  agreement,  whether  oral or
written,  with FCCI  pursuant to
which such person or any
affiliate of such person would (i) merge or consolidate, or enter into any
similar transaction, with FCCI, (ii) acquire all or a significant portion of the
assets or liabilities of FCCI, or (iii) acquire beneficial ownership of
securities representing, or the right to acquire beneficial ownership or to vote
securities representing, 9% or more of the then outstanding shares of Common
Stock; or 

                    c.  makes a  filing  with  the SEC or any  other  regulatory  authority
 with  respect  to or  publicly
announces a bona fide
proposal (a “Proposal”) for (i) any merger with, consolidation with or
acquisition of all or a significant portion of all the assets or liabilities of,
FCCI or any other business combination involving FCCI, or (ii) a transaction
involving the transfer of beneficial ownership of securities representing, or
the right to acquire beneficial ownership or to vote securities representing, 9%
or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, and in either case
thereafter, if such Proposal has not been Publicly Withdrawn (as such term is
hereinafter defined) at least 15 days prior to the meeting of stockholders of
FCCI called to vote on the Merger and FCCI’s stockholders fail to approve
the Merger by the vote required by applicable law at the meeting of its
stockholders called for such purpose; or 

                    d.  makes a bona fide Proposal and  thereafter,  but before such
Proposal has been Publicly  Withdrawn,
FCCI willfully takes any
action in any manner which would materially interfere with its ability to
consummate the Merger or materially reduce the value of the transaction to TKSS. 

          The term  "Triggering  Event" also means the taking of any material  direct or indirect  action by FCCI or any of its
directors,  senior executive  officers,  investment  bankers or other person with actual authority to speak for the Board of Directors,
inviting,  encouraging  or  soliciting  any  proposal  (other than from TKSS or an affiliate of TKSS) which has as its purpose a tender
offer for the shares of Common Stock, a merger,  consolidation,  plan of exchange,  plan of acquisition or reorganization of FCCI, or a
sale of a significant number of shares of Common Stock or any significant portion of its assets or liabilities.

          The term "significant  portion" means 10% of the assets or liabilities of FCCI. The term  "significant  number" means
9% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.

          "Publicly  Withdrawn",  for  purposes of clauses  (c) and (d) above,  shall mean  either an  unconditional  bona fide
withdrawal  of the Proposal  coupled with a public  announcement  of no further  interest in pursuing such Proposal or in acquiring any
controlling  influence  over FCCI or in  soliciting  or inducing any other  person  (other than TKSS or any  affiliate)  to do so or an
unconditional  bona fide  rejection  of the Proposal by the board of  directors  of FCCI and, in writing,  with out the  necessity of a
meeting, by holders of  a majority of the outstanding common stock of FCCI.

          Notwithstanding  the foregoing,  the Option may not be exercised so long as any injunction or other order,  decree or
ruling issued by any federal or state court of competent  jurisdiction  is in effect which prohibits the sale or delivery of the Option
Shares.

          FCCI  shall  notify  TKSS  promptly  in writing  of the  occurrence  of any  Triggering  Event  known to it, it being
understood  that the giving of such notice by FCCI shall not be a  condition  to the right of TKSS to  exercise  the Option.  FCCI will
not take any action  which  would have the effect of  preventing  or  disabling  FCCI from  delivering  the Option  Shares to TKSS upon
exercise of the Option or otherwise  performing  its  obligations  under this  Agreement,  except to the extent  required by applicable
securities and banking laws and regulations.

          In the event TKSS  wishes to exercise  the Option (or a portion  thereof),  TKSS shall send a written  notice to FCCI
(the  date of which is  hereinafter  referred  to as the  "Notice  Date")  specifying  the total  number of Option  Shares it wishes to
purchase and a place and date between two and ten business  days  inclusive  from the Notice Date for the closing of such a purchase (a
"Closing");  provided, however, that a Closing shall not occur prior to two days after the later of receipt of any necessary regulatory
approvals and the expiration of any legally required notice or waiting period, if any.

          3.  Payment and Delivery of  Certificates.  At any Closing  hereunder  (a) TKSS will make payment to FCCI of the
aggregate price for the Option Shares so purchased by wire transfer of immediately  available  funds to an account  designated by FCCI;
(b) FCCI will deliver to TKSS a stock  certificate  or  certificates  representing  the number of Option Shares so purchased,  free and
clear of all liens,  claims,  charges and encumbrances of any kind or nature whatsoever  created by or through FCCI,  registered in the
name of TKSS or its designee,  in such  denominations as were specified by TKSS in its notice of exercise and, if necessary,  bearing a
legend as set forth below;  and (c) TKSS shall pay any transfer or other taxes  required by reason of the issuance of the Option Shares
so purchased.

          If required under applicable  federal  securities laws, a legend will be placed on each stock certificate  evidencing
Option Shares issued pursuant to this Agreement, which legend will read substantially as follows:

	 	
The
shares of stock evidenced by this certificate have not been registered for sale
under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”). These shares may
not be sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of unless a registration
statement with respect to the sale of such shares has been filed under the 1933
Act and declared effective or, in the opinion of counsel reasonably acceptable
to Fuel Cell Companies, Inc., said transfer would be exempt from registration
under the provisions of the 1933 Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

No such legend shall be
required if a registration statement is filed and declared effective under
Section 4 hereof. 

          4.  Registration  Rights.  Upon or after the  occurrence  of a  Triggering  Event and upon  receipt of a written
request  from  TKSS,  FCCI  shall,  if  necessary  for the  resale of the  Option or the  Option  Shares  by TKSS,  prepare  and file a
registration  statement with the  Securities  and Exchange  Commission  and any state  securities  bureau  covering the Option and such
number of Option  Shares as TKSS  shall  specify  in its  request,  and FCCI  shall use its best  efforts  to cause  such  registration
statement  to be declared  effective in order to permit the sale or other  disposition  of the Option and the Option  Shares,  provided
that TKSS shall in no event have the right to have more than one such  registration  statement become  effective,  and provided further
that FCCI shall not be  required  to prepare  and file any such  registration  statement  (i) prior to FCCI or any  successor  thereto,
having  previously  filed,  or having  become  obligated  to file,  a  registration  statement  with the SEC with respect to any of its
securities which are outstanding,  or which are issuable upon exercise,  exchange,  or conversion of outstanding  securities,  or which
are issuable  pursuant to a commitment to issue such  securities,  or (ii) in  connection  with any proposed sale with respect to which
counsel to FCCI  delivers to FCCI and to TKSS (which is  reasonably  acceptable  to TKSS) its opinion to the effect that no such filing
is required under applicable laws and regulations with respect to such sale or disposition;  provided further,  however,  that FCCI may
delay any  registration  of Option Shares above for a period not exceeding 90 days in the event that FCCI shall in good faith determine
that any such  registration  would  adversely  effect an offering of  securities by FCCI for cash.  TKSS shall provide all  information
reasonably requested by FCCI for inclusion in any registration statement to be filed hereunder.

          In connection with such filing,  FCCI shall use its best efforts to cause to be delivered to TKSS such  certificates,
opinions,  accountant's  letters and other documents as TKSS shall  reasonably  request and as are  customarily  provided in connection
with  registrations  of securities  under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.  All expenses  incurred by FCCI in complying with the
provisions  of this  Section  4,  including  without  limitation,  all  registration  and  filing  fees,  printing  expenses,  fees and
disbursements  of counsel for FCCI and blue sky fees and expenses  shall be paid by FCCI.  Underwriting  discounts and  commissions  to
brokers and dealers relating to the Option Shares,  fees and  disbursements of counsel to TKSS and any other expenses  incurred by TKSS
in connection with such  registration  shall be borne by TKSS. In connection  with such filing,  FCCI shall indemnify and hold harmless
TKSS against any losses,  claims, damages or liabilities,  joint or several, to which TKSS may become subject,  insofar as such losses,
claims,  damages or liabilities (or actions in respect  thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue  statement or alleged untrue
statement of any material fact contained in any  preliminary or final  registration  statement or any amendment or supplement  thereto,
or arise out of a material fact required to be stated  therein or necessary to make the  statements  therein not  misleading;  and FCCI
will reimburse TKSS for any legal or other expense  reasonably  incurred by TKSS in connection with investigating or defending any such
loss,  claim,  damage,  liability or action;  provided,  however,  that FCCI will not be liable in any case to the extent that any such
loss,  claim,  damage or  liability  arises out of or is based upon an untrue  statement  or alleged  untrue  statement  or omission or
alleged  omission made in such  preliminary or final  registration  statement or such amendment or supplement  thereto in reliance upon
and in conformity with written  information  furnished by or on behalf of TKSS  specifically for use in the preparation  thereof.  TKSS
will  indemnify and hold harmless FCCI to the same extent as set forth in the  immediately  preceding  sentence but only with reference
to  written  information  specifically  furnished  by or on  behalf of TKSS for use in the  preparation  of such  preliminary  or final
registration  statement  or such  amendment  or  supplement  thereto;  and TKSS  will  reimburse  FCCI for any  legal or other  expense
reasonably  incurred by FCCI in  connection  with  investigating  or  defending  any such loss,  claim,  damage,  liability  or action.
Notwithstanding  anything to the contrary herein, no indemnifying  party shall be liable for any settlement  effected without its prior
written consent.

          5.  Adjustment  Upon  Changes in  Capitalization.  In the event of any  change in the Common  Stock by reason of
stock dividends, split-ups, mergers,  recapitalizations,  combinations,  conversions,  exchanges of shares or the like, or the issuance
of shares  below the market value  thereof  except with  respect to an employee  stock  option plan in effect on the date  hereof,  the
number and kind of Option Shares and the Option Price shall be  appropriately  adjusted.  In addition the  adjustments set forth in the
immediately  preceding  sentence,  the number  Option Shares and the Option Price shall be  appropriately  adjusted in the event of any
issuance of shares of Common Stock by which the number of shares of Common  Stock  specified  in Section 1 of this  agreement  does not
constitute 10% or more of the then  outstanding  Common Stock so that the exercise  price as set forth in Section 1 of this  Agreement,
in the aggregate, shall purchase not less than 10% of the then outstanding Common Stock.

          In the event any capital  reorganization or  reclassification  of the Common Stock, or any  consolidation,  merger or
similar  transaction of FCCI with another entity,  or any sale of all or substantially  all of the assets of FCCI, shall be effected in
such a way that the holders of Common  Stock shall be entitled to receive  stock,  securities  or assets with respect to or in exchange
for Common Stock, then, as a condition of such  reorganization,  reclassification,  consolidation,  merger or sale, lawful and adequate
provisions (in form  reasonably  satisfactory  to the holder hereof) shall be made whereby the holder hereof shall  thereafter have the
right to  purchase  and  receive  upon the basis and upon the terms and  conditions  specified  herein and in lieu of the Common  Stock
immediately  theretofore  purchasable  and receivable  upon exercise of the rights  represented  by this Option,  such shares of stock,
securities  or assets as may be issued or payable with  respect to or in exchange for the number of shares of Common Stock  immediately
theretofore   purchasable  and  receivable  upon  exercise  of  the  rights  represented  by  this  Option  had  such   reorganization,
reclassification,  consolidation,  merger or sale not taken place;  provided,  however, that if such transaction results in the holders
of Common  Stock  receiving  only  cash,  the  holder  hereof  shall be paid the  difference  between  the  Option  Price and such cash
consideration without the need to exercise the Option.

          6.  Filings and Consents.  Each of TKSS and FCCI will use its  reasonable  efforts to make all filings with, and
to obtain consents of, all third parties and governmental  authorities  necessary to the consummation of the transactions  contemplated
by this Agreement.

          Exercise of the Option herein provided shall be subject to compliance  with all applicable  laws including,  and FCCI
agrees to cooperate with and furnish to the holder hereof such  information and documents as may be reasonably  required to secure such
approvals.

          7.  Repurchase of Option.

                    a.  At any time after the  occurrence  of a Repurchase  Event (as
defined  below) (i) at the request of
the Holder, delivered prior
to the termination of this Agreement, FCCI (or any successor thereto) shall
repurchase the Option from the holder of this Option (the “Holder”) at
a price (the “Option Repurchase Price”) equal to the amount by which
(A) the market/offer price (as defined below) exceeds (B) the Option Price,
multiplied by the number of shares for which this Option may then be exercised
and (ii) at the request of the owner of Option Shares from time to time (the
“Owner”),delivered prior to the termination of this Agreement, FCCI
(or any successor thereto) shall repurchase such number of the Option Shares
from the Owner as the Owner shall designate at a price (the “Option Share
Repurchase Price”) equal to the market/offer price multiplied by the number
of Option Shares so designated. The term “market/offer price” shall
mean the highest of (i) the highest price per share of Common Stock paid by any
person that acquires beneficial ownership of 4.5% or more of the then
outstanding Common Stock, or (ii) the price per share of Common Stock to be paid
by any third party pursuant to an agreement with FCCI entered into after the
date hereof and prior to the date the Holder gives notice of the required
repurchase of this Option or the Owner gives notice of the required repurchase
of Option Shares, as the case may be, (iii) the highest closing price for shares
of Common Stock within the six-month period immediately preceding the date the
Holder gives notice of the required repurchase of this Option or the Owner gives
notice of the required repurchase of Option Shares, as the case may be. In
determining the market/offer price, the value of consideration other than cash
shall be determined by a nationally recognized investment banking firm selected
by the Holder or Owner, as the case may be, and reasonably acceptable to FCCI. 

                    b.  The Holder and the Owner,  as the case may be, may exercise its
right to require FCCI to repurchase
the Option and any Option
Shares pursuant to this Section 7 by surrendering for such purpose to FCCI, at
its principal office, a copy of this Agreement or certificates for Option
Shares, as applicable, accompanied by a written notice or notices stating that
the Holder or the Owner, as the case may be, elects to require FCCI to
repurchase this Option and/or the Option Shares in accordance with the
provisions of this Section 7. As promptly as practicable, and in any event
within five (5) business days after the surrender of the Option and/or
certificates representing Option Shares and the receipt of such notice or
notices relating thereto, FCCI shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the
Holder the Option Repurchase Price and/or to the Owner the Option Share
Repurchase Price therefor or the portion thereof that FCCI is not then
prohibited under applicable law, regulation and administrative policy from so
delivering. 

                     c.  To the extent that FCCI is prohibited  under  applicable law
or regulation,  from  repurchasing the
Option and/or the Option
Shares in full, FCCI shall immediately so notify the Holder and/or the Owner and
thereafter deliver or cause to be delivered, from time to time, to the Holder
and/or the Owner, as appropriate, the portion of the Option Repurchase Price and
the Option Share Repurchase Price, respectively, that it is no longer prohibited
from delivering, within five (5) business days after the date on which FCCI is
no longer so prohibited; provided, however, that if FCCI at any time after
delivery of a notice of repurchase pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section 7
is prohibited under applicable law or regulation, from delivering to the Holder
and/or the Owner, as appropriate, the Option Repurchase Price and the Option
Share Repurchase Price, respectively, in full (and FCCI hereby undertakes to use
its reasonable best efforts to obtain all required regulatory and legal
approvals and to file any required notices as promptly as practicable in order
to accomplish such repurchase), the Holder or Owner may revoke its notice of
repurchase of the Option and/or the Option Shares whether in whole or to the
extent of the prohibition, whereupon, in the latter case, FCCI shall promptly
(i) deliver to the Holder and/or the Owner, as appropriate, that portion of
the Option Repurchase Price and/or the Option Share Repurchase Price that FCCI
is not prohibited from delivering; and (ii) deliver, as appropriate, either (A)
to the Holder, a new Agreement evidencing the right of the Holder to purchase
that number of shares of Common Stock obtained by multiplying the number of
shares of Common Stock for which the surrendered Agreement was exercisable at
the time of delivery of the notice of repurchase by a fraction, the numerator of
which is the Option Repurchase Price less the portion thereof theretofore
delivered to the Holder and the denominator of which is the Option Repurchase
Price, and/or (B) to the Owner, a certificate for the Option Shares it is then
so prohibited from repurchasing. If an Exercise Termination Event shall have
occurred prior to the date of the notice by FCCI described in the first sentence
of this subsection (c), or shall be scheduled to occur at any time before the
expiration of a period ending on the thirtieth (30th) day after such
date, the Holder shall nonetheless have the right to exercise the Option until
the expiration of such 30-day period. 

                    d.  For purposes of this Section 7, a  "Repurchase  Event"  shall be
deemed to have  occurred  upon the
occurrence of any of the
following events or transactions after the date hereof: (i) any person other
than TKSS or any TKSS Subsidiary (a “Third Party”) acquires beneficial
ownership of 9% or more of the then outstanding Common Stock; or (ii) FCCI
enters into a written definitive agreement with any Third Party providing for
(i) the acquisition by a Third Party of 9% or more of the assets of FCCI and its
Subsidiaries taken as a whole; or (ii) the acquisition by a Third Party of 9% or
more of the outstanding Common Stock or any securities convertible into or
exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock that would constitute 9%
or more of the outstanding Common Stock upon such conversion, exchange or
exercise; or (iii) the acquisition by FCCI of the assets or stock of a Third
Party if, as a result, the outstanding shares of Common Stock immediately prior
thereto are increased by 9%; or (iv) the merger, consolidation or business
combination of FCCI with or into a Third Party where, following such merger,
consolidation or business combination, the shareholders of FCCI (other than the
Third Party or its affiliates) prior to such transaction hold, immediately after
such transaction, securities of the surviving entity constituting more than 30%
of the total voting power of the surviving entity. 

                8.  Representations and Warranties of FCCI.
FCCI hereby represents and warrants to TKSS as follows:

                    a.  Due  Authorization.  FCCI has full  corporate  power and
authority to execute,  deliver and perform
this Agreement and all
corporate action necessary for execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement has been duly taken by FCCI. 

                    b.  Authorized  Shares.  FCCI has  taken  and,  as long as the
Option  is  outstanding,  will take all
necessary corporate action
to authorize and reserve for issuance all shares of Common Stock that may be
issued pursuant to any exercise of the Option. 

                    c.  No  Conflicts.  Neither the  execution  and  delivery of
this  Agreement  nor  consummation  of the
transactions contemplated
hereby (assuming all appropriate regulatory approvals) will violate or result in
any violation or default of or be in conflict with or constitute a default under
any term of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of FCCI or any agreement,
instrument, judgment, decree or order applicable to FCCI. 

          9.  Specific  Performance.  The parties  hereto  acknowledge  that damages would be an  inadequate  remedy for a
breach of this  Agreement  and that the  obligations  of the parties  hereto shall be  specifically  enforceable.  Notwithstanding  the
foregoing, TKSS shall have the right to seek money damages against FCCI for a breach of this Agreement.

          10.  Entire  Agreement.  This Agreement  constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the
subject matter hereof and supersedes all other prior  agreements and  understandings,  both written and oral,  among the parties or any
of them with respect to the subject matter hereof.

          11.  Assignment  or  Transfer.  TKSS may not sell,  assign or  otherwise  transfer  its  rights  and  obligations
hereunder,  in whole or in part,  to any person or group of persons  other than to an affiliate  of TKSS.  TKSS  represents  that it is
acquiring  the Option for TKSS' own account and not with a view to or for sale in  connection  with any  distribution  of the Option or
the Option  Shares.  TKSS is aware that  neither the Option nor the Option  Shares is the  subject of a  registration  statement  filed
with, and declared effective by, the Securities and Exchange  Commission  pursuant to Section 5 of the Securities Act, but instead each
is being  offered in  reliance  upon the  exemption  from the  registration  requirement  provided  by  Section  4(2)  thereof  and the
representations and warranties made by TKSS in connection therewith.

          12.  Amendment  of  Agreement.  Upon  mutual  consent of the parties  hereto,  this  Agreement  may be amended in
writing at any time,  for the  purpose of  facilitating  performance  hereunder  or to comply  with any  applicable  regulation  of any
governmental authority or any applicable order of any court or for any other purpose.

          13.  Validity.  The  invalidity  or  unenforceability  of any  provision of this  Agreement  shall not affect the
validity or enforceability of any other provisions of this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect.

          14.  Notices. All notices,  requests,  consents and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be
in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when delivered personally,  by express service,  cable, telegram or telex, or by
registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to the respective parties as follows:

         (a)  If to FCCI, to:
                  276 Belmont Place
                  Mahwah, New Jersey 07430
                  Attention:  President
                  Facsimile Number

                  Copy to:
                  Warnicke & Littler, P.L.C.
                  1411 North Third Street
                  Phoenix, Arizona 85004-1612
                  Attention: Ronald E. Warnicke
                  Facsimile Number:  (602) 256-0345

         (b)  If to TKSS, to:
                  TechSys, Inc.
                  147 Columbia Turnpike
                  Florham Park, New Jersey 07932
                  Attention:  President
                  Facsimile Number:  (973) 236-1777

                  Copy to:
                  Pitney, Hardin, Kipp & Szuch LLP
                  (mail to) P.O. Box 1945
                  Morristown, New Jersey 07962
                  (deliver to) 200 Campus Drive
                  Florham Park, New Jersey 07932
                  Attn.: Joseph Lunin

or to such other address as
the person to whom notice is to be given may have previously furnished to the
others in writing in the manner set forth above (provided that notice of any
change of address shall be effective only upon receipt thereof). 

          15.  Governing  Law. This Agreement  shall be governed by and construed in accordance  with the laws of the State
of New Jersey.

          16.  Captions.  The captions in the Agreement are inserted for convenience and reference purposes,  and shall not
limit or otherwise affect any of the terms or provisions hereof.

          17.  Waivers and Extensions.  The parties hereto may, by mutual  consent,  extend the time for performance of any
of the  obligations or acts of either party hereto.  Each party may waive (a)  compliance  with any of the covenants of the other party
contained in this Agreement and/or (b) the other party's performance of any of its obligations set forth in this Agreement.

          18.  Parties in  Interest.  This  Agreement  shall be binding  upon and inure solely to the benefit of each party
hereto,  and nothing in this Agreement,  express or implied,  is intended to confer upon any other person any rights or remedies of any
nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

          19.  Counterparts.  This  Agreement  may be  executed  in two (2) or more  counterparts,  each of which  shall be
deemed to be an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement.

          20.  Termination.     This  Agreement  shall  terminate and the option shall lapse (i) at the  effective  time of
the Merger,  (ii) if, prior to the  effective  time,  TechSys  terminates  the Merger  Agreement for any reason other than the material
failure of FCCI to fulfill any  condition of Closing  imposed upon FCCI  pursuant to Sections 6.1 and 6.2 of the Merger  Agreement,  or
(iii) the later of (a) 24 months  following the date of the  termination of the Merger  Agreement if no Triggering  Event occurs within
such 24 month  period,  and (b) 24 months  following  the date of the  consummation  of any proposed  transactions  which  constitute a
Triggering Event, which Triggering Event occurs within 24 months following the date of the termination of the Merger Agreement.

          21.  Severability.  If for any reason a court or a regulatory  agency of competent  jurisdiction  determines that
the Holder is not  permitted to acquire,  or FCCI is not  permitted to  repurchase  pursuant to Section 7, the full number of shares of
Common Stock  provided  herein,  it is the express  intention  of FCCI to allow the Holder to acquire or to require FCCI to  repurchase
such lesser number of shares as may be permissible, without any amendment or modification hereof.

          IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  each of the parties  hereto,  pursuant to  resolutions  adopted by its Board of Directors,  has
caused this Stock Option Agreement to be executed by its duly authorized officer, all as of the day and year first above written.

                                       FUEL CELL COMPANIES, INC.

                                       By: ______________________________
                                            Name:  Malcolm Bricklin
                                            Title:  Chief Executive Officer

                                       TECHSYS, INC.

                                       By:  _____________________________
                                            Name:  Steven L. Trenk
                                            Title:  President<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.1
        ===============================================================

                            VIROPHARMA INCORPORATED

                                    ISSUER

                                     AND

                                     [  ],

                                   Trustee

                      -----------------------------------

                                   INDENTURE

                             DATED AS OF [  ], 2001
                      -----------------------------------

                             SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES
        ===============================================================
<PAGE>

                           CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE (1)

Section of
Trust Indenture Act                                      Section of
Of 1939, as Amended                                      Indenture
-------------------                                      ----------
310(a).................................................  7.09
310(b).................................................  7.08
 .......................................................  7.10
310(c).................................................  Inapplicable
311(a).................................................  7.13(a)
311(b).................................................  7.13(b)
311(c).................................................  Inapplicable
312(a).................................................  5.02(a)
312(b).................................................  5.02(b)
312(c).................................................  5.02(c)
313(a).................................................  5.04(a)
313(b).................................................  5.04(b)
313(c).................................................  5.04(a)
 .......................................................  5.04(b)
313(d).................................................  5.04(c)
314(a).................................................  5.03
314(b).................................................  Inapplicable
314(c).................................................  13.06
314(d).................................................  Inapplicable
314(e).................................................  13.06
314(f).................................................  Inapplicable
315(a).................................................  7.01(a)
 .......................................................  7.02
315(b).................................................  6.07
315(c).................................................  7.01
315(d).................................................  7.01(b)
 .......................................................  7.01(c)
315(e).................................................  6.07
316(a).................................................  6.06
 .......................................................  8.04
316(b).................................................  6.04
316(c).................................................  8.01
317(a).................................................  6.02
317(b).................................................  4.03
318(a).................................................  13.08

_____________
(1) This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of the Indenture and
shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or
provisions.

                                     -ii-
<PAGE>

                               TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>

<S>                                                                                     <C>
ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS.................................................................   1
  Section 1.01. Definitions of Terms...................................................   1

ARTICLE II. ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION,
 REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES...............................................   5
  Section 2.01. Designation and Terms of Securities....................................   5
  Section 2.02. Form of Securities and Trustee's Certificate...........................   6
  Section 2.03. Denominations:  Provisions for Payment.................................   7
  Section 2.04. Execution and Authentications..........................................   8
  Section 2.05. Registration of Transfer and Exchange..................................   9
  Section 2.06. Temporary Securities...................................................  10
  Section 2.07. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities........................  10
  Section 2.08. Cancellation...........................................................  11
  Section 2.09. Benefits of Indenture..................................................  11
  Section 2.10.  Authenticating Agent..................................................  12
  Section 2.11.  Global Securities.....................................................  12

ARTICLE III. REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND
 PROVISIONS............................................................................  13
  Section 3.01. Redemption.............................................................  13
  Section 3.02. Notice of Redemption...................................................  13
  Section 3.03. Payment Upon Redemption................................................  14
  Section 3.04. Sinking Fund...........................................................  15
  Section 3.05. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities..................  15
  Section 3.06. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund..............................  15

ARTICLE IV. COVENANTS..................................................................  16
  Section 4.01. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.............................  16
  Section 4.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency........................................  16
  Section 4.03. Paying Agents..........................................................  16
  Section 4.04. Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee.......................  17
  Section 4.05. Compliance with Consolidation Provisions...............................  17

ARTICLE V. SECURITYHOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE
 COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE...............................................................  18
  Section 5.01. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders......  18
  Section 5.02. Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders.......  18
  Section 5.03. Reports by the Company.................................................  18
  Section 5.04. Reports by the Trustee.................................................  19

ARTICLE VI. REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON
 EVENT OF DEFAULT......................................................................  19
  Section 6.01. Events of Default......................................................  19
  Section 6.02. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by................  21
  Section 6.03. Application of Moneys Collected........................................  22
</TABLE>
                                     -iii-
<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                     <C>
  Section 6.04. Limitation on Suits....................................................  23
  Section 6.05. Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver...........  23
  Section 6.06. Control by Securityholders.............................................  24
  Section 6.07. Undertaking to Pay Costs...............................................  24

ARTICLE VII. CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE....................................................  25
  Section 7.01. Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee.........................  25
  Section 7.02. Certain Rights of Trustee..............................................  26
  Section 7.03. Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities.........  27
  Section 7.04. May Hold Securities....................................................  27
  Section 7.05. Moneys Held in Trust...................................................  27
  Section 7.06. Compensation and Reimbursement.........................................  27
  Section 7.07. Reliance on Officers' Certificate......................................  28
  Section 7.08. Disqualification; Conflicting Interests................................  28
  Section 7.09. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility................................  28
  Section 7.10.  Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.....................  29
  Section 7.11.  Acceptance of Appointment By Successor................................  30
  Section 7.12.  Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business...........  31
  Section 7.13.  Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company.................  32

ARTICLE VIII. CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS...........................................  32
  Section 8.01. Evidence of Action by Securityholders..................................  32
  Section 8.02. Proof of Execution by Securityholders..................................  32
  Section 8.03. Who May be Deemed Owners...............................................  33
  Section 8.04. Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded........................  33
  Section 8.05. Actions Binding on Future Securityholders..............................  33

ARTICLE IX. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES....................................................  34
  Section 9.01. Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders.........  34
  Section 9.02. Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders................  35
  Section 9.03. Effect of Supplemental Indentures......................................  35
  Section 9.04. Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures.........................  35
  Section 9.05. Execution of Supplemental Indentures...................................  35

ARTICLE X. SUCCESSOR ENTITY............................................................  36
  Section 10.01. Company May Consolidate, Etc..........................................  36
  Section 10.02  Successor Entity Substituted..........................................  37
  Section 10.03. Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee............................  37

ARTICLE XI. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE.................................................  37
  Section 11.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture...............................  37
  Section 11.02. Discharge of Obligations..............................................  38
  Section 11.03. Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust..................................  38
  Section 11.04. Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents...............................  38
  Section 11.05. Repayment to Company..................................................  38
</TABLE>

                                     -iv-
<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                     <C>
ARTICLE XII. IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS,
 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS................................................................  39
  Section 12.01. No Recourse...........................................................  39

ARTICLE XIII. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.................................................  39
  Section 13.01. Effect on Successors and Assigns......................................  39
  Section 13.02. Actions by Successor..................................................  39
  Section 13.03. Surrender of Company Powers...........................................  40
  Section 13.04. Notices...............................................................  40
  Section 13.05. Governing Law.........................................................  40
  Section 13.06. Treatment of Securities as Debt.......................................  40
  Section 13.07. Compliance Certificates and Opinions..................................  40
  Section 13.08. Payments on Business Days.............................................  41
  Section 13.09. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.....................................  41
  Section 13.10. Counterparts..........................................................  41
  Section 13.11. Separability..........................................................  41
  Section 13.12. Assignment............................................................  41
</TABLE>

                                      -v-
<PAGE>

          INDENTURE, dated as of [ ], 2001, among ViroPharma Incorporated, a
Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and [ ], as trustee (the "Trustee"):

          WHEREAS, for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly
authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the
issuance of unsecured debt securities (hereinafter referred to as the
"Securities"), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time
to time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered
Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the certificate of the
Trustee;

          WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions upon which the Securities
are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized
the execution of this Indenture; and

          WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement
of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

          NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the purchase of
the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as
follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:

                                  ARTICLE I.
                                  DEFINITIONS

     Section 1.01. Definitions of Terms.

          The terms defined in this Section (except as in this Indenture
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all
purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have
the respective meanings specified in this Section and shall include the plural
as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined
in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such
Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except as herein
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall
have the meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said
Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this instrument.

          "Authenticating Agent" means an authenticating agent with respect to
all or any of the series of Securities appointed with respect to all or any
series of the Securities by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.

          "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or
state law for the relief of debtors.

          "Board of Directors" means the Board of Directors of the Company or
any duly authorized committee of such Board.
<PAGE>

          "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by
the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification.

          "Business Day" means, with respect to any series of Securities, any
day other than a day on which Federal or State banking institutions in the
Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, are authorized or obligated by law,
executive order or regulation to close.

          "Certificate" means a certificate signed by the principal executive
officer, the principal financial officer or the principal accounting officer of
the Company. The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of Section
13.07.

          "Company" means ViroPharma Incorporated, a corporation duly organized
and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and, subject to the
provisions of Article Ten, shall also include its successors and assigns.

          "Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Trustee at which, at
any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally
administered, which office at the date hereof is located at [ ], except that
whenever a provision herein refers to an office or agency of the Trustee in the
Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, such office is located, at the date
hereof, at [ ].

          "Custodian" means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, or
similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

          "Default" means any event, act or condition that with notice or lapse
of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.

          "Depositary" means, with respect to Securities of any series, for
which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a
Global Security, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, another
clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the
Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or other
applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by
the Company pursuant to either Section 2.01 or 2.11.

          "Event of Default" means, with respect to Securities of a particular
series any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for the period of time, if
any, therein designated.

          "Global Security" means, with respect to any series of Securities, a
Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary
or pursuant to the Depositary's instruction, all in accordance with the
Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its
nominee.

          "Governmental Obligations" means securities that are (i) direct
obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full
faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or
supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of
America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and
credit obligation by the United States of America that, in either case, are not
callable or

                                      -2-
<PAGE>

redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a
depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended) as custodian with respect to any such
Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any
such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the
holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required
by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount
payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the
custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of
principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such
depositary receipt.

          "Herein", "hereof" and "hereunder", and other words of similar import,
refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or
other subdivision.

          "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed or as it may
from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.

          "Interest Payment Date", when used with respect to any installment of
interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such
Security or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with
respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment of interest
with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.

          "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the President or
a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the
Controller or an Assistant Controller or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary
of the Company that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms
hereof. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in
Section 13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.

          "Opinion of Counsel" means an opinion in writing of legal counsel, who
may be an employee of or counsel for the Company that is delivered to the
Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the
statements provided for in Section 13.07, if and to the extent required by the
provisions thereof.

          "Outstanding", when used with reference to Securities of any series,
means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, as of any particular time, all
Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee
under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee
or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for
cancellation or that have previously been canceled; (b) Securities or portions
thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental
Obligations in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the
Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall have been set
aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its
own paying agent); provided, however, that if such Securities or portions of
such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such
redemption shall have been given as in Article Three provided, or provision
satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and (c)
Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have
been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.07.

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

          "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint-
venture, joint-stock company, unincorporated organization or government or any
agency or political subdivision thereof.

          "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security
authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in lieu of a lost, destroyed or
stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed
or stolen Security.

          "Responsible Officer" when used with respect to the Trustee means the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President, the
Secretary, the Treasurer, any trust officer, any corporate trust officer or any
other officer or assistant officer of the Trustee customarily performing
functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be
such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred
because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

          "Securities" means the debt Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.

          "Securityholder", "holder of Securities", "registered holder", or
other similar term, means the Person or Persons in whose name or names a
particular Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for
that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.

          "Subsidiary" means, with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation at
least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Stock shall at the time be owned,
directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or
by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries, (ii) any general
partnership, joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose
outstanding partnership or similar interests shall at the time be owned by such
Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such Person and one or more
of its Subsidiaries and (iii) any limited partnership of which such Person or
any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner.

          "Trustee" means [ ], and, subject to the provisions of Article Seven,
shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more
than one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, "Trustee" shall mean each
such Person. The term "Trustee" as used with respect to a particular series of
the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.

          "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended, subject to the provisions of Sections 9.01, 9.02, and 10.01, as in
effect at the date of execution of this instrument.

          "Voting Stock", as applied to stock of any Person, means shares,
interests, participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however
designated) in such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a
majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of such Person, other than shares,
interests, participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason
of the occurrence of a contingency.

                                      -4-
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE II.
                     ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION,
                    REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES

     Section 2.01. Designation and Terms of Securities.

             (a)   The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities
may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of
Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or pursuant to a Board
Resolution of the Company or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental
hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series, there shall
be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, and set
forth in an Officers' Certificate of the Company, or established in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto:

                   (1)   the title of the Security of the series (which shall
distinguish the Securities of the series from all other Securities);

                   (2)   any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration
of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of that
series);

                   (3)   the date or dates on which the principal of the
Securities of the series is payable and the place(s) of payment;

                   (4)   the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series
shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if any;

                   (5)   the date or dates from which such interest shall
accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the
manner of determination of such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment,
and the record date for the determination of holders to whom interest is payable
on any such Interest Payment Dates;

                   (6)   the right, if any, to extend the interest payment
periods and the duration of such extension;

                   (7)   the period or periods within which, the price or prices
at which and the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series may
be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;

                   (8)   the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or
purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
provisions (including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking
fund obligations) or at the option of a holder thereof and the period or periods
within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon
which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in
part, pursuant to such obligation;

                                      -5-
<PAGE>

                   (9)   the form of the Securities of the series including the
form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series;

                   (10)  if other than denominations of one thousand U.S.
dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which
the Securities of the series shall be issuable;

                   (11)  any and all other terms with respect to such series
(which terms shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture, as
amended by any supplemental indenture) including any terms which may be required
by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable in
connection with the marketing of Securities of that series;

                   (12)  whether the Securities are issuable as a Global
Security and, in such case, the identity of the Depositary for such series;

                   (13)  whether the Securities will be convertible into shares
of common stock or other securities of the Company and, if so, the terms and
conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible, including the
conversion price and the conversion period;

                   (14)  if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion
of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.01;
and

                   (15)  any additional or different Events of Default or
restrictive covenants provided for with respect to the Securities of the series.

          All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical
except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant
to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures supplemental hereto.

          If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken
pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record
of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of
the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the
Officers' Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.

          Securities of any particular series may be issued at various times,
with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is
payable, with different rates of interest, if any, or different methods by which
rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest
may be payable and with different redemption dates.

      Section 2.02. Form of Securities and Trustee's Certificate.

          The Securities of any series and the Trustee's certificate of
authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the
tenor and purport as set forth in one or more indentures supplemental hereto or
as provided in a Board Resolution of the Company and as set forth in an
Officers' Certificate of the Company and the and may have such letters, numbers
or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements
printed,

                                      -6-
<PAGE>

lithographed or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are
not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to
comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with
any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which Securities of that series
may be listed, or to conform to usage.

      Section 2.03. Denominations:  Provisions for Payment.

          The Securities shall be issuable as registered Securities and in the
denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple
thereof, subject to Section 2.01(10). The Securities of a particular series
shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect
to that series. The principal of and the interest on the Securities of any
series, as well as any premium thereon in case of redemption thereof prior to
maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of
America that at the time is legal tender for public and private debt, at the
office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in the Borough of
Manhattan, the City and State of New York. Each Security shall be dated the date
of its authentication. Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis
of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.

          The interest installment on any Security that is payable, and is
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for
Securities of that series shall be paid to the Person in whose name said
Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of
business on the regular record date for such interest installment. In the event
that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is called for
redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with
respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest Payment Date,
interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such
Security as provided in Section 3.03.

          Any interest on any Security that is payable, but is not punctually
paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the
same series (herein called "Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease to be
payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date by virtue
of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the
Company, at its election, as provided in clause (1) or clause (2) below:

              (1)  The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on
Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a special
record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in
the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the
amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such Security and the
date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit
with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be
paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements
satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed
payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the
Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided.
Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such
Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior
to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt
by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly
notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the

                                      -7-
<PAGE>

expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such
Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor to be mailed, first
class postage prepaid, to each Securityholder at his or her address as it
appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than 10 days
prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such
Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor having been mailed as
aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names
such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on
such special record date.

              (2)  The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any
Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of
any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such
notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the
Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such
manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

          Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution of the Company or one
or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of
Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the term "regular record date" as
used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities with respect to any
Interest Payment Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the
month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date
established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such
Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the last day of the month
immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established
for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest
Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a
Business Day.

          Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security of
a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or
in lieu of any other Security of such series shall carry the rights to interest
accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security.

     Section 2.04. Execution and Authentications.

          The Securities shall be signed on behalf of the Company by its
President, or one of its Vice Presidents, or its Treasurer, or one of its
Assistant Treasurers, or its Secretary, or one of its Assistant Secretaries,
under its corporate seal attested by its Secretary or one of its Assistant
Secretaries. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.
The Company may use the facsimile signature of any Person who shall have been a
President or Vice President thereof, or of any Person who shall have been a
Secretary or Assistant Secretary thereof, notwithstanding the fact that at the
time the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered or disposed of such
Person shall have ceased to be the President or a Vice President, or the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Company. The seal of the Company may
be in the form of a facsimile of such seal and may be impressed, affixed,
imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities. The Securities may contain
such notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or
usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication by the
Trustee.

                                      -8-
<PAGE>

          A Security shall not be valid until authenticated manually by an
authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such
signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has
been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled
to the benefits of this Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the
execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of
any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together
with a written order of the Company for the authentication and delivery of such
Securities, signed by its President or any Vice President and its Secretary or
any Assistant Secretary, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order
shall authenticate and deliver such Securities.

          In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional
responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the
Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be
fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and
terms thereof have been established in conformity with the provisions of this
Indenture.

          The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if
the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the
Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this
Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the
Trustee.

     Section 2.05. Registration of Transfer and Exchange.

             (a)   Securities of any series may be exchanged upon presentation
thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose in
the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, for other Securities
of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal
amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any
Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, the Trustee
shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefor
the Security or Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the
exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously
outstanding.

             (b)   The Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or
agency designated for such purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and
State of New York, or such other location designated by the Company a register
or registers (herein referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject
to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register
the Securities and the transfers of Securities as in this Article provided and
which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the Trustee. The
registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities
as herein provided shall be appointed as authorized by Board Resolution (the
"Security Registrar").

          Upon surrender for transfer of any Security at the office or agency of
the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee
shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the
transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series as the
Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount.

                                      -9-
<PAGE>

          All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange or registration
of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required
by the Company or the Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments
of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly
executed by the registered holder or by such holder's duly authorized attorney
in writing.

             (c)  No service charge shall be made for any exchange or
registration of transfer of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of
partial redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto,
other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.06, Section 3.03(b) and Section 9.04
not involving any transfer.

             (d)  The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, exchange or
register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening
of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of
less than all the Outstanding Securities of the same series and ending at the
close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer
of or exchange any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for
redemption. The provisions of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any Global
Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.

     Section 2.06. Temporary Securities.

          Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the
Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary
Securities (printed, lithographed or typewritten) of any authorized
denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of
the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such
omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary
Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of
any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated by the Trustee
upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like
effect, as the definitive Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay
the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series
and thereupon any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered
in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders), at the office or agency of
the Company designated for the purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and
State of New York, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency
shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate
principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company
advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be
executed and furnished until further notice from the Company. Until so
exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same
benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series
authenticated and delivered hereunder.

     Section 2.07. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities.

          In case any temporary or definitive Security shall become mutilated or
be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding
sentence) shall execute, and upon the Company's request the Trustee (subject as
aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series,
bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in

                                     -10-
<PAGE>

exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in
substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the
applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish to the Company and the
Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of
them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant
shall also furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction
of the destruction, loss or theft of the applicant's Security and of the
ownership thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted Security
and deliver the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer of
the Company. Upon the issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may
require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including
the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. In case any Security
that has matured or is about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed,
lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay
or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the
case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment shall furnish to
the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to
save them harmless, and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the
satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of
such Security and of the ownership thereof.

          Every replacement Security issued pursuant to the provisions of this
Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company
whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found
at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the
benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other
Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall be
held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are
exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all
other rights or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or
hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of
negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.

     Section 2.08. Cancellation.

          All Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment, redemption,
exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any
paying agent, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered
to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in
lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions
of this Indenture. On request of the Company at the time of such surrender, the
Trustee shall deliver to the Company canceled Securities held by the Trustee. In
the absence of such request the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in
accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition
to the Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities,
however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of
the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

     Section 2.09. Benefits of Indenture.

          Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied,
shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto
and the holders of the Securities

                                     -11-
<PAGE>

any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this
Indenture, or under any covenant, condition or provision herein contained; all
such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the
parties hereto and of the holders of the Securities.

     Section 2.10.  Authenticating Agent.

          So long as any of the Securities of any series remain Outstanding
there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities
which the Trustee shall have the right to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent
shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities
of such series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and
Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture
and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the
Trustee hereunder. All references in this Indenture to the authentication of
Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an
Authenticating Agent for such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital
and surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the
laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized or in which it is doing
business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under
such laws to conduct such business and is subject to supervision or examination
by Federal or State authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall
cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign
immediately.

          Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign by giving written
notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any
time (and upon request by the Company shall) terminate the agency of any
Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or
cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an
eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor
Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become
vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if
originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto.

     Section 2.11.  Global Securities.

              (a)   If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 2.01 that
 the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security,
 then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with
 Section 2.04, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security that (i) shall
 represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate
 principal amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities of such series, (ii)
 shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall
 be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary's
 instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect:
 "Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security
 may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to another nominee of the
 Depositary or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor
 Depositary."

              (b)   Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.05, the Global
Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the
manner provided in Section 2.05,

                                     -12-
<PAGE>

only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor
Depositary for such series selected or approved by the Company or to a nominee
of such successor Depositary.

              (c)   If at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities
notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary
for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer
be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable
statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not
appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice
or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, this Section 2.11 shall
no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will
execute, and subject to Section 2.05, the Trustee will authenticate and deliver
the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in
authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the
principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such
Global Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the
Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global Security and
that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities
of such series. In such event the Company will execute and subject to Section
2.05, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers' Certificate evidencing such
determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of
such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized
denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global
Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in
definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the
Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive
registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this
Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in such names and in such authorized
denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or
indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee
shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in
whose names such Securities are so registered.

                                 ARTICLE III.
             REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS

     Section 3.01. Redemption.

          The Company may redeem the Securities of any series issued hereunder
on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such
series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.

     Section 3.02. Notice of Redemption.

             (a)   In case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to
redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series in
accordance with the right reserved so to do, the Company shall, or shall cause
the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of
such series to be redeemed by mailing, first class postage prepaid, a notice of
such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date
fixed for redemption of that series to such holders at their last addresses as
they shall appear upon the Security Register unless a shorter period is
specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice

                                     -13-
<PAGE>

that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to
have been duly given, whether or not the registered holder receives the notice.
In any case, failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of
any series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the
notice, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of
any other Securities of such series or any other series. In the case of any
redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such
redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this
Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate
evidencing compliance with any such restriction.

             (b)   Each such notice of redemption shall specify the date fixed
for redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are
to be redeemed, and shall state that payment of the redemption price of such
Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company in
the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, upon presentation and
surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for
redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said
date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption is for a sinking
fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be
redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed
in whole or in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed.
In case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice that relates to
such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be
redeemed, and shall state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender
of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal
amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.

             (c)   If less than all the Securities of a series are to be
redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days' notice in advance
of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of
Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select,
by lot or in such other manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair in its
discretion and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions
(equal to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof)
of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than $1,000,
the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company
in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part.
The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions
signed on its behalf by its President or any Vice President, instruct the
Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a
particular series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner
set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of the Company or its
own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in
which notice of redemption is to be given by the Trustee or any such paying
agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to
remain with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security
Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable copies or extracts
therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any
notice by mail that may be required under the provisions of this Section.

     Section 3.03. Payment Upon Redemption.

             (a)   If the giving of notice of redemption shall have been
completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the
series to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on
the date and at the place stated in such notice at the

                                     -14-
<PAGE>

applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed
for redemption and interest on such Securities or portions of Securities shall
cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company
shall default in the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest with
respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation and surrender
of such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of
payment specified in the notice, said Securities shall be paid and redeemed at
the applicable redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued
thereon to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption
is an interest payment date, the interest installment payable on such date shall
be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the applicable
record date pursuant to Section 2.03).

             (b)    Upon presentation of any Security of such series that is to
be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall
deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security of
the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the
unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.

     Section 3.04.  Sinking Fund.

          The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06 shall be applicable to
any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.01 for Securities of such
series.

          The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking
fund payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by
the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional
sinking fund payment". If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series,
the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as
provided in Section 3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the
redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of
Securities of such series.

     Section 3.05.  Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

          The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other
than any Securities previously called for redemption) and (ii) may apply as a
credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the election of
the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application
of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such
Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund
payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made
pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such
series, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such
Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the
redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation
of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

      Section 3.06. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

          Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any
series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate specifying the

                                     -15-
<PAGE>

amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the
terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by
delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 3.05 and
the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officers' Certificate,
deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days
before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the
Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner
specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given
in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in
Section 3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such
Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section
3.03.

                                  ARTICLE IV.
                                   COVENANTS

     Section 4.01. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.

          The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the
principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series
at the time and place and in the manner provided herein and established with
respect to such Securities.

     Section 4.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency.

          So long as any series of the Securities remain Outstanding, the
Company agrees to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the
City and State of New York, with respect to each such series and at such other
location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.02,
where (i) Securities of that series may be presented for payment, (ii)
Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized for
registration of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon
the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may
be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or
agency until the Company shall, by written notice signed by its President or a
Vice President and delivered to the trustee, designate some other office or
agency for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail
to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the
Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be
made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company
hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations,
notices and demands.

     Section 4.03. Paying Agents.

             (a)   If the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents for
all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will
cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument
in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
this Section:

                   (1)  that it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for
the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the
Securities of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company
or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of the
Persons entitled thereto;

                                     -16-
<PAGE>

                   (2)  that it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by
the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of
the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that
series when the same shall be due and payable;

                   (3)  that it will, at any time during the continuance of any
failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written
request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust
by such paying agent; and

                   (4)  that it will perform all other duties of paying agent as
set forth in this Indenture.

             (b)   If the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect
to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set
aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest
so becoming due on Securities of that series until such sums shall be paid to
such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly
notify the Trustee of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on
such Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have one or
more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date
of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that
series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and
premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for
the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and
(unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the
Trustee of this action or failure so to act.

             (c)   Notwithstanding anything in this Section to the contrary, (i)
the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to
the provisions of Section 11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the
purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any
other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums
held in trust by the Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the
Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums were
held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by any paying
agent to the Trustee, such paying agent shall be released from all further
liability with respect to such money.

     Section 4.04. Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee.

          The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the
office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a
Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder.

     Section 4.05. Compliance with Consolidation Provisions.

          The Company will not, while any of the Securities remain Outstanding,
consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the
Company is not the survivor of such transaction, or sell or convey all or
substantially all of its property to any other company unless the provisions of
Article Ten hereof are complied with.

                                     -17-
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE V.
                      SECURITYHOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS
                        BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE

     Section 5.01. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of
                   Securityholders.

          The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee (a)
on each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.03) a list, in such form as
the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of
each series of Securities as of such regular record date, provided that the
Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any
time that the list shall not differ in any respect from the most recent list
furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the
Trustee may request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company
of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more
than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that,
in either case, no such list need be furnished for any series for which the
Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.

     Section 5.02. Preservation Of Information; Communications With
                   Securityholders.

             (a)   The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is
reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the
holders of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as
provided in Section 5.01 and as to the names and addresses of holders of
Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if
acting in such capacity).

             (b)   The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided
in Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

             (c)   Securityholders may communicate as provided in Section 312(b)
of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their
rights under this Indenture or under the Securities.

     Section 5.03. Reports by the Company.

             (a)   The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee,
within 15 days after the Company is required to file the same with the
Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and
other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the
Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the
Company may be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or
Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; or, if the Company is not required to file
information, documents or reports pursuant to either of such sections, then to
file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with the rules and
regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the
supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports that may be
required pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, in respect of a security
listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed
from time to time in such rules and regulations.

                                     -18-
<PAGE>

             (b)   The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee and
the Commission, in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed from to
time by the Commission, such additional information, documents and reports with
respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants provided
for in this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and
regulations.

             (c)   The Company covenants and agrees to transmit by mail, first
class postage prepaid, or reputable over-night delivery service that provides
for evidence of receipt, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses
appear upon the Security Register, within 30 days after the filing thereof with
the Trustee, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required
to be filed by the Company pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this Section
as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
Commission.

     Section 5.04. Reports by the Trustee.

             (a)   On or before [ ] in each year in which any of the Securities
are Outstanding, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage
prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the
Security Register, a brief report dated as of the preceding [ ], if and to the
extent required under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

             (b)   The Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of
the Trust Indenture Act.

             (c)   A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such
transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with
each stock exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also
with the Commission. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when any
Securities become listed on any stock exchange.

                                  ARTICLE VI.
                  REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS
                              ON EVENT OF DEFAULT

     Section 6.01. Events of Default.

             (a)   Whenever used herein with respect to Securities of a
particular series, "Event of Default" means any one or more of the following
events that has occurred and is continuing:

                   (1)  the Company defaults in the payment of any installment
of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same
shall become due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 90
days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by
the Company in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto
shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;

                   (2)  the Company defaults in the payment of the principal of
(or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the
same shall become due

                                     -19-
<PAGE>

and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise,
or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with
respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the
maturity of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture
supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal
or premium, if any;

                   (3)  the Company fails to observe or perform any other of its
covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture
or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to
Section 2.01 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement that has been expressly
included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of
Securities other than such series) for a period of 90 days after the date on
which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and
stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder, shall have been
given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified mail, or to the
Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of
the Securities of that series at the time Outstanding;

                   (4)  the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any
Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an
order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the
appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property
or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or

                   (5)  a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under
any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary
case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of
its property, or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or
decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.

             (b)   In each and every such case, unless the principal of all the
Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the
Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to
the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare
the principal of all the Securities of that series to be due and payable
immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be
immediately due and payable.

             (c)   At any time after the principal of the Securities of that
series shall have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or
decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as
hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by written notice to
the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its
consequences if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum
sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities
of that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all
Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by
acceleration (with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the
extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue
installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of
that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount payable to
the Trustee under Section 7.06, and (ii) any and all Events of

                                     -20-
<PAGE>

Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than the
nonpayment of principal on Securities of that series that shall not have become
due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section
6.06.

             No such rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect
any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

             (d)   In case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right
with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such
proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission
or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to
the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such
proceedings, the Company, and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to
their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers
of the Company and the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had
been taken.

     Section 6.02. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by
Trustee.

             (a)   The Company covenants that (1) in case it shall default in
the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a series,
or any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with
respect to that series as and when the same shall have become due and payable,
and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 Business Days, or (2)
in case it shall default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any,
on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and
payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption
or upon declaration or otherwise, then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company
will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of
that series, the whole amount that then shall have been become due and payable
on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both,
as the case may be, with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if
any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under
applicable law) upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum
expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such
further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of
collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06.

             (b)   If the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon
such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust,
shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or
in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute
any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any
such judgment or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon the
Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be
payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or
other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated.

             (c)   In case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation,
bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial
proceedings affected the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee
shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action therein
that may be permitted by the court and shall (except as

                                     -21-
<PAGE>

may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of claim and
other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the
claims of the Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such series allowed
for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the Indenture at the
date of institution of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may
become due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect and
receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim,
and to distribute the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the
Trustee under Section 7.06; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy
or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of
such series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the
Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such
Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.06.

             (d)   All rights of action and of asserting claims under this
Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of
that series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of
such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding
relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee
shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any
recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any
amounts due under Section 7.06, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the
Securities of such series.

             In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the Trustee may in its
discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this
Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem
most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in
equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of
any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise
of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or
equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.

             Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee
to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder
any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the
Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize
the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such
proceeding.

     Section 6.03. Application of Moneys Collected.

             Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article with
respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following
order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the
distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or
interest, upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation
thereon the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof if fully
paid:

             FIRST: To the payment of costs and expenses of collection and of
all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06; and

             SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon
Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in
respect of which or for the benefit

                                     -22-
<PAGE>

of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority
of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for
principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively.

     Section 6.04. Limitation on Suits.

             No holder of any Security of any series shall have any right by
virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit,
action or proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this
Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other
remedy hereunder, unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the
Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof
with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default,
as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have
made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or
proceeding in its own name as trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders
shall have offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require
against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby;
and (iv) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and
offer of indemnity, shall have failed to institute any such action, suit or
proceeding and (v) during such 60 day period, the holders of a majority in
principal amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a
direction inconsistent with the request.

             Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, any
other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to
receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such
Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in
such Security (or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to
institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such
respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without
the consent of such holder and by accepting a Security hereunder it is expressly
understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security of
such series with every other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one
or more holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any manner
whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to
affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of such
Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any
other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the
manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all
holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the
provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall
be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.

     Section 6.05. Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

             (a)   Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.07, all powers and
remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall,
to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any
other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the holders of the
Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or
observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture or
otherwise established with respect to such Securities.

                                     -23-
<PAGE>

             (b)   No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any
of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of
Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or
power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or on
acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every
power and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or the
Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be
deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Securityholders.

     Section 6.06. Control by Securityholders.

             The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with
Section 8.01, shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series;
provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of
law or with this Indenture or be unduly prejudicial to the rights of holders of
Securities of any other series at the time Outstanding determined in accordance
with Section 8.01. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee shall
have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good
faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or Officers of the Trustee, determine that
the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability. The
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any
series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with
Section 8.01, may on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of such
series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants
contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.01 with respect to such
series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal
of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as
and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise
than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to
pay all matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has been
deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.01(c)). Upon any such
waiver, the default covered thereby shall be deemed to be cured for all purposes
of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities
of such series shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder,
respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default
or impair any right consequent thereon.

     Section 6.07. Undertaking to Pay Costs.

             All parties to this Indenture agree, and each holder of any
Securities by such holder's acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed,
that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of
any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for
any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant
in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such
court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable
attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to
the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant
but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of
Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any
Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or

                                     -24-
<PAGE>

premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the
respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this
Indenture.

                                 ARTICLE VII.
                            CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

     Section 7.01. Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee.

             (a)   The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default
with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events of
Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred,
shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of such series such
duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and
no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In
case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred
(that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to
Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this
Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a
prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his
own affairs.

             (b)   No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve
the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:

                   (1)  prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with
respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all
such Events of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred:

                        (i)  the duties and obligations of the Trustee shall
with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the
express provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable with
respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance of such
duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no
implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the
Trustee; and

                        (ii)  in the absence of bad faith on the part of the
Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series
conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the
opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the
Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of
any such certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof are specifically
required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to
examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirement of
this Indenture;

                   (2)  the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of
judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of
the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee, was negligent in
ascertaining the pertinent facts;

                   (3)  the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any
action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Securities of any series at the time Outstanding

                                     -25-
<PAGE>

relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any
remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon
the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series;
and

                   (4)  None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall
require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal
financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise
of any of its rights or powers, if there is reasonable ground for believing that
the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under
the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity against such risk is not
reasonably assured to it.

     Section 7.02. Certain Rights of Trustee.

             Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:

             (a)   The Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or
refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or
other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or
presented by the proper party or parties;

             (b)   Any request, direction, order or demand of the Company
mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an
instrument signed in the name of the Company, by the President or any Vice
President and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or an
Assistant Treasurer thereof (unless other evidence in respect thereof is
specifically prescribed herein);

             (c)   The Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice
of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete
authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or
omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

             (d)   The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of
the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or
direction of any of the Securityholders, pursuant to the provisions of this
Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee
reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities
that may be incurred therein or thereby; nothing contained herein shall,
however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event
of Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured
or waived) to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the
rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of
care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under
the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;

             (e)   The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or
omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or
within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

             (f)   The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into
the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond,
security, or other papers or documents, unless requested

                                     -26-
<PAGE>

in writing so to do by the holders of not less than a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected thereby
(determined as provided in Section 8.04); provided, however, that if the payment
within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities
likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the
opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security
afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require
reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition
to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such examination shall be paid
by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon
demand; and

             (g)   The Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder
or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it
hereunder.

     Section 7.03. Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or
Securities.

             (a)   The recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be
taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no
responsibility for the correctness of the same.

             (b)   The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or
sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.

             (c)   The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or
application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such
Securities, or for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee
in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established pursuant to
Section 2.01, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying
agent other than the Trustee.

     Section 7.04. May Hold Securities.

             The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar, in its
individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities
with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or
Security Registrar.

     Section 7.05. Moneys Held in Trust.

             Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, all moneys received by
the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust
for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from
other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no
liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it
may agree with the Company to pay thereon.

     Section 7.06. Compensation and Reimbursement.

             (a)  The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and
the Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall not
be limited by any provision

                                     -27-
<PAGE>

of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust), as the
Company, and the Trustee may from time to time agree in writing, for all
services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the
exercise and performance of any of the powers and duties hereunder of the
Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Company will
pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses,
disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with
any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation
and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all Persons not
regularly in its employ) except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may
arise from its negligence or bad faith. The Company also covenants to indemnify
the Trustee (and its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold
it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence
or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of or in connection with
the acceptance or administration of this trust, including the costs and expenses
of defending itself against any claim of liability in the premises.

             (b)   The obligations of the Company under this Section to
compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for
expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness
hereunder. Such additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien prior to that
of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee
as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular
Securities.

     Section 7.07. Reliance on Officers' Certificate.

             Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01, whenever in the
administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it
necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or
suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other
evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the
absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be
conclusively proved and established by an Officers' Certificate delivered to the
Trustee and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the
part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken,
suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture
upon the faith thereof.

     Section 7.08. Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.

             If the Trustee has or shall acquire any "conflicting interest"
within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and
the Company shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section 310(b)
of the Trust Indenture Act.

     Section 7.09. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.

             There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to the
Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized
and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or any State
or Territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other
Person permitted to act as trustee by the Commission, authorized under such laws
to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus of at
least 50 million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or
examination by Federal, State,
                                     -28-
<PAGE>

Territorial, or District of Columbia authority. If such corporation publishes
reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements
of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of
this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be
deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent
report of condition so published. The Company may not, nor may any Person
directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with
the Company, serve as Trustee. In case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be
eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall
resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 7.10.

     Section 7.10.  Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

             (a)    The Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed, may at any
time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving
written notice thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation
by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders of such series, as
their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Upon receiving such
notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee
with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate,
executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall
be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If
no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment
within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning
Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of
a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series, or any
Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or
Securities for at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others
similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor
trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem
proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.

             (b)    In case at any time any one of the following shall occur:

                    (1)  the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of
Section 7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any
Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for
at least six months; or

                    (2)  the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance
with the provisions of Section 7.09 and shall fail to resign after written
request therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or

                    (3)  the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall
be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy
proceeding, or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed
or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the
Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation,
conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case, the Company may remove the
Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by
written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors,
one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and
one copy to the successor trustee, or, unless the Trustee's duty to resign is
stayed as provided herein, any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of
a

                                     -29-
<PAGE>

Security or Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of that holder
and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction
for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee. Such
court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and
prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.

             (c)   The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the
Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company
and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the consent of the
Company.

             (d)   Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of
a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any
of the provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of
appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11.

             (e)   Any successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may
be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of such
series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any particular series.

     Section 7.11.  Acceptance of Appointment By Successor.

             (a)    In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee
with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall
execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an
instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request
of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon
payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such
successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and
shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property
and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

             (b)    In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee
with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company,
the retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities
of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall
contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and
confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (2)
shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to
confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee
with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring
Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or
in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the
same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts
hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts

                                     -30-
<PAGE>

hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be
responsible for any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee
hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture
the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the
extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor
trustee relates have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and
powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the
Trustee under this Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any
further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights,
powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities
of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee
relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring
Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee, to
the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money
held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates.

             (c)   Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall
execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and
confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred
to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

             (d)   No successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at
the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and
eligible under this Article.

             (e)   Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as
provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession of
such trustee hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the
Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.
If the Company fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of
appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such
notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company.

     Section 7.12.  Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.

             Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted
or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any
merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or
any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall
be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such corporation shall
be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and eligible under the
provisions of Section 7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any
further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the
contrary notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger,
conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect
as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

                                     -31-
<PAGE>

     Section 7.13. Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company.

             The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture
Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the
Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject
to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein.

                                 ARTICLE VIII.
                        CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS

     Section 8.01. Evidence of Action by Securityholders.

             Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the holders of a
majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities
of a particular series may take any action (including the making of any demand
or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any
other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders
of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined therein may
be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor
executed by such holders of Securities of that series in Person or by agent or
proxy appointed in writing.

             If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders of any series
any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action, the Company may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officers'
Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination
of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have
no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action may be given
before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the
close of business on the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for
the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion
of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented
to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series
shall be computed as of the record date; provided, however, that no such
authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date
shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the
provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.

     Section 8.02. Proof of Execution by Securityholders.

             Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, proof of the execution
of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization)
or his agent or proxy and proof of the holding by any Person of any of the
Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:

                   (1)  The fact and date of the execution by any such Person of
any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.

                   (2)  The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the
Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security
Registrar thereof.

                                     -32-
<PAGE>

                   (3)  The Trustee may require such additional proof of any
matter referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.

     Section 8.03. Who May be Deemed Owners.

             Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of any
Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar
may deem and treat the Person in whose name such Security shall be registered
upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or
not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership
or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar) for the
purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if
any, and (subject to Section 2.03) interest on such Security and for all other
purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any
Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

     Section 8.04. Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded.

             In determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregate
principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any
direction, consent of waiver under this Indenture, the Securities of that series
that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that
series or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or
under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of
that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the
purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent
or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so
owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged in
good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if
the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's
right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a
Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or
indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. In case of a
dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of
counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee.

     Section 8.05. Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.

             At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee,
as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders of the
majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a
particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action,
any holder of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be
included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action
may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as
provided in Section 8.02, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security.
Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be
conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners
of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on
registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or
not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken
by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of a particular series specified in this

                                     -33-
<PAGE>

Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the
Company, the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that series.

                                  ARTICLE IX.
                            SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

     Section 9.01. Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of
Securityholders.

             In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise authorized by
this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any
time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall
conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without
the consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:

             (a)   to cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency herein, in
the Securities of any series;

             (b)   to comply with Article Ten;

             (c)   to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in
place of certificated Securities;

             (d)   to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the
holders of all or any Series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for
the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants
are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to
surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;

             (e)   to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions,
limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of
issue, authentication, and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;

             (f)   to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights
of any Securityholder in any material respect; or

             (g)   to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and
terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section
2.01, to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished
pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add
to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities.

             The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the
execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further
appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the
Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture
that affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture
or otherwise.

             Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this
Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of
the holders of any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding
any of the provisions of Section 9.02.

                                     -34-
<PAGE>

     Section 9.02.  Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders.

             With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 8.01) of the
holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures
at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by Board Resolutions, and
the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or
indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions
to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this
Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not
covered by Section 9.01 the rights of the holders of the Securities of such
series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental
indenture shall, without the consent of the holders of each Security then
Outstanding and affected thereby, (i) extend the fixed maturity of any
Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the
rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium
payable upon the redemption thereof or (ii) reduce the aforesaid percentage of
Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any such
supplemental indenture.

             It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders of
any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of
any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent
shall approve the substance thereof.

     Section 9.03.  Effect of Supplemental Indentures.

             Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the
provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, this Indenture shall, with
respect to such series, be and be deemed to be modified and amended in
accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights,
obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the
Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall
thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all
respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions
of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the
terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.

     Section 9.04.  Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures.

             Securities of any series affected by a supplemental indenture,
authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture
pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, may bear a
notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the
requirements of any exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any
matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so
determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the
opinion of the Board of Directors of the Company, to any modification of this
Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the
Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the
Securities of that series then Outstanding.

     Section 9.05.  Execution of Supplemental Indentures.

             Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by its Board
Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and
upon the filing with the

                                     -35-
<PAGE>

Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders required to consent
thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution
of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the
Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in
which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to enter
into such supplemental indenture. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of
Section 7.01, may receive an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any
supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article is authorized or
permitted by, and conforms to, the terms of this Article and that it is proper
for the Trustee under the provisions of this Article to join in the execution
thereof; provided, however, that such Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in
connection with the execution of a supplemental indenture that establishes the
terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.

             Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee
shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in
general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the
Securityholders of all series affected thereby as their names and addresses
appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of the Trustee to mail such
notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect
the validity of any such supplemental indenture.

                                  ARTICLE X.
                               SUCCESSOR ENTITY

     Section 10.01.  Company May Consolidate, Etc.

             Nothing contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities
shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other
Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations
or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors shall be a party
or parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition
of the property of the Company or its successor or successors as an entirety, or
substantially as an entirety, to any other corporation (whether or not
affiliated with the Company or its successor or successors) authorized to
acquire and operate the same; provided, however, the Company hereby covenants
and agrees that, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the
Company is not the survivor of such transaction), sale, conveyance, transfer or
other disposition, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if
any) and interest on all of the Securities of all series in accordance with the
terms of each series, according to their tenor and the due and punctual
performance and observance of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture
with respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant
to Section 2.01 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly
assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform to the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) satisfactory in form to the Trustee
executed and delivered to the Trustee by the entity formed by such
consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the
entity which shall have acquired such property.

                                     -36-
<PAGE>

     Section 10.02. Successor Entity Substituted.

             (a)    In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance,
transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor entity by
supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory
in form to the Trustee, of the due and punctual payment of the principal of,
premium, if any, and interest on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding
and the due and punctual performance of all of the covenants and conditions of
this Indenture or established with respect to each series of the Securities
pursuant to Section 2.01 to be performed by the Company with respect to each
series, such successor entity shall succeed to and be substituted for the
Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and
thereupon the predecessor corporation shall be relieved of all obligations and
covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

             (b)    In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance,
transfer or other disposition such changes in phraseology and form (but not in
substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be
appropriate.

             (c)    Nothing contained in this Article shall require any action
by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the
Company where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the
acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of all or any part of the
property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).

     Section 10.03. Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee.

             The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, may receive
an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation,
merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such
assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article.

                                  ARTICLE XI.
                          SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

     Section 11.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.

             If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated (other
than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that
shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.07) and Securities for
whose payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited
in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company (and thereupon repaid to
the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 11.05); or (b)
all such Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their
terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for
redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for
the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or cause to be
deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in moneys or
Governmental Obligations sufficient or a combination thereof, sufficient in the
opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at
maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium,

                                     -37-
<PAGE>

if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed
for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause
to be paid all other sums payable hereunder with respect to such series by the
Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with
respect to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07,
4.01, 4.02, 4.03 and 7.10, that shall survive until the date of maturity or
redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that shall
survive to such date and thereafter, and the Trustee, on demand of the Company
and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute proper instruments
acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to
such series.

     Section 11.02.  Discharge of Obligations.

             If at any time all such Securities of a particular series not
heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due
and payable as described in Section 11.01 shall have been paid by the Company by
depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount of
Governmental Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all
such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to
become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case
may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums
payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then after the
date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are deposited
with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with
respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect except for the
provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4,01, 4.02, 4,03, 7.06, 7.10 and 11.05
hereof that shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid.
Thereafter, Sections 7.06 and 11.05 shall survive.

     Section 11.03.  Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust.

             All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be
available for payment as due, either directly or through any paying agent
(including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the
particular series of Securities for the payment or redemption of which such
moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.

     Section 11.04.  Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.

             In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the
provisions of this Indenture shall, upon demand of the Company, be paid to the
Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further
liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.

     Section 11.05.  Repayment to Company.

             Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with any paying
agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of
principal of or premium or interest on the Securities of a particular series
that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for
at least two years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if

                                     -38-
<PAGE>

any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively become due and
payable, shall be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or (if then held
by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and thereupon the paying
agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect
to such moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the
Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter, as an unsecured
general creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.

                                 ARTICLE XII.
        IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

     Section 12.01.  No Recourse.

             No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of
this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise
in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer
or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any
predecessor or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or
any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any
constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or
penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the
obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such
personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the
incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company or of
any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the
creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the
obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of
the Securities or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal
liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by
constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against,
every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as such, because of
the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the
obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of
the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as
a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and
the issuance of such Securities.

                                 ARTICLE XIII.
                           MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

     Section 13.01.  Effect on Successors and Assigns.

             All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this
Indenture contained by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and
assigns, whether so expressed or not.

     Section 13.02.  Actions by Successor.

             Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized
or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the
Company shall and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the
corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the
time be the lawful successor of the Company.

                                     -39-
<PAGE>

     Section 13.03.  Surrender of Company Powers.

             The Company by instrument in writing executed by authority of its
Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers
reserved to the Company, and thereupon such power so surrendered shall terminate
both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.

     Section 13.04.  Notices.

             Except as otherwise expressly provided herein any notice or demand
that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given or
served by the Trustee or by the holders of Securities to or on the Company may
be given or served by being deposited first class postage prepaid in a post-
office letterbox addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the
Company with the Trustee), as follows: [ ]. Any notice, election, request or
demand by the Company or any Securityholder to or upon the Trustee shall be
deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or
made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.

     Section 13.05.  Governing Law.

             This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed to be a contract
made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes
shall be construed in accordance with the laws of said State.

     Section 13.06.  Treatment of Securities as Debt.

             It is intended that the Securities will be treated as indebtedness
and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this
Indenture shall be interpreted to further this intention.

     Section 13.07.  Compliance Certificates and Opinions.

             (a)     Upon any application or demand by the Company to the
Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the
Company, shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that all
conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed
action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the
opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with,
except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the
furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this
Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional
certificate or opinion need be furnished.

             (b)     Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture
and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or
covenant in this Indenture shall include (1) a statement that the Person making
such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (2) a brief
statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon
which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are
based; (3) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such
examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an
informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or

                                     -40-
<PAGE>

condition has been complied with; and (4) a statement as to whether or not, in
the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

     Section 13.08.  Payments on Business Days.

             Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board
Resolution, and as set forth in an Officers' Certificate, or established in one
or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, in any case where the date of
maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of
any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal
(and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the
same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption,
and no interest shall accrue for the period after such nominal date.

     Section 13.09.  Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.

             If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits,
qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317,
inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties shall control.

     Section 13.10.  Counterparts.

             This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each
of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute
but one and the same instrument.

     Section 13.11.  Separability.

             In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this
Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or
unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of
such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if
such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained
herein or therein.

     Section 13.12.  Assignment.

             The Company will have the right at all times to assign any of its
rights or obligations under this Indenture to a direct or indirect wholly-owned
Subsidiary of the Company, provided that, in the event of any such assignment,
the Company, will remain liable for all such obligations. Subject to the
foregoing, the Indenture is binding upon and inures to the benefit of the
parties thereto and their respective successors and assigns. This Indenture may
not otherwise be assigned by the parties thereto.

                                     -41-
<PAGE>

             IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture
to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.

                              VIROPHARMA INCORPORATED
                              By:

                              _______________________________
                              Name:
                              Title:
                              [                      ],
                              as Trustee

                              By:

                              ________________________________
                              Name:
                              Title:

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