Document:

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                                                                   Exhibit 10.24

                                                                  EXECUTION COPY

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                          REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

                          Dated as of December 20, 2002

                                     between

                             K & F INDUSTRIES, INC.

                                       and

                              LEHMAN BROTHERS INC.

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                  This Registration Rights Agreement (this "Agreement") is made
and entered into as of December 20, 2002, between K & F Industries, Inc., a
Delaware corporation (the "Company") and Lehman Brothers Inc. (the "Initial
Purchaser"), who has agreed to purchase the Company's 9 5/8% Senior Subordinated
Notes due 2010 (the "Notes") pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (as defined
below).

                  This Agreement is made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement,
dated as of December 13, 2002 (the "Purchase Agreement"), between the Company
and the Initial Purchaser. In order to induce the Initial Purchaser to purchase
the Notes, the Company has agreed to provide the registration rights set forth
in this Agreement. The execution and delivery of this Agreement is a condition
to the obligations of the Initial Purchaser set forth in Section 7(n) of the
Purchase Agreement.

                  The parties hereby agree as follows:

                  SECTION 1.        DEFINITIONS

                  As used in this Agreement, the following capitalized terms
shall have the following meanings:

                  "Act": The Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

                  "Business Day": Any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day
in the City of New York, or in the city of the corporate trust office of the
Trustee, on which banks are authorized to close.

                  "Broker-Dealer": Any broker or dealer registered under the
Exchange Act.

                  "Broker-Dealer Transfer Restricted Securities": Exchange Notes
that are acquired by a Broker-Dealer in the Exchange Offer in exchange for Notes
that such Broker-Dealer acquired for its own account as a result of market
making activities or other trading activities (other than Notes acquired
directly from the Company or any of its affiliates).

                  "Certificated Notes": As defined in the Indenture.

                  "Closing Date": The date hereof.

                  "Commission": The Securities and Exchange Commission.

                  "Consummate": An Exchange Offer shall be deemed "Consummated"
for purposes of this Agreement upon the occurrence of (a) the filing and
effectiveness under the Act of the Exchange Offer Registration Statement
relating to the Exchange Notes to be issued in the Exchange Offer, (b) the
maintenance of such Registration Statement continuously effective and the
keeping of the Exchange Offer open for a period not less than the minimum period
required pursuant to Section 3(b) hereof and (c) the delivery by the Company to
the Registrar under the Indenture of Exchange Notes in the same aggregate
principal amount as the aggregate principal amount of Notes tendered by Holders
thereof pursuant to the Exchange Offer.

                  "Damages Payment Date": Each Interest Payment Date.

                  "Exchange Act": The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended.

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                  "Exchange Offer": The registration by the Company under the
Act of the Exchange Notes pursuant to the Exchange Offer Registration Statement
pursuant to which the Company shall offer the Holders of all outstanding
Transfer Restricted Securities the opportunity to exchange all such outstanding
Transfer Restricted Securities for Exchange Notes in an aggregate principal
amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Transfer Restricted
Securities tendered in such exchange offer by such Holders.

                  "Exchange Offer Registration Statement": The Registration
Statement relating to the Exchange Offer, including the related Prospectus.

                  "Exchange Notes": The Company's 9 5/8% Senior Subordinated
Notes due 2010 to be issued pursuant to the Indenture (i) in the Exchange Offer
or (ii) upon the request of any Holder of Notes covered by a Shelf Registration
Statement, in exchange for such Notes.

                  "Exempt Resales": The transactions in which the Initial
Purchaser proposes to sell the Notes to certain "qualified institutional
buyers," as such term is defined in Rule 144A under the Act.

                  "Holders": As defined in Section 2 hereof.

                  "Indemnified Holder": As defined in Section 8(a) hereof.

                  "Indenture": The Indenture, dated the Closing Date, between
the Company and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as trustee (the "Trustee"),
pursuant to which the Notes are to be issued, as such Indenture is amended or
supplemented from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof.

                  "Interest Payment Date": As defined in the Indenture and the
Notes.

                  "NASD": National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.

                  "Person": An individual, partnership, corporation, trust,
unincorporated organization, or a governmental agency or political subdivision
thereof.

                  "Prospectus": The prospectus included in a Registration
Statement at the time such Registration Statement is declared effective, as
amended or supplemented by any prospectus supplement and by all other amendments
thereto, including post-effective amendments, and all material incorporated by
reference into such Prospectus.

                  "Record Holder": With respect to any Damages Payment Date,
each Person who is a Holder of Notes or Exchange Notes, as the case may be, on
the record date with respect to the Interest Payment Date on which such Damages
Payment Date shall occur.

                  "Registration Default": As defined in Section 5 hereof.

                  "Registration Statement": Any registration statement of the
Company relating to (a) an offering of Exchange Notes pursuant to an Exchange
Offer or (b) the registration for resale of Transfer Restricted Securities
pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement, in each case, (i) which is filed
pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement and (ii) including the Prospectus
included therein, all amendments and supplements thereto (including
post-effective amendments) and all exhibits and material incorporated by
reference therein.

                  "Regulation S": Regulation S promulgated under the Act.

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                  "Restricted Broker-Dealer": Any Broker-Dealer which holds
Broker-Dealer Transfer Restricted Securities.

                  "Shelf Registration Statement": As defined in Section 4
hereof.

                  "TIA": The Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. Section
77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of the Indenture.

                  "Transfer Restricted Securities": Each Note, until (i) the
date on which such Note has been exchanged by a person other than a
broker-dealer for an Exchange Note in the Exchange Offer, (ii) following the
exchange by a broker-dealer in the Exchange Offer of a Note for an Exchange
Note, the date on which such a Note is sold to a purchaser who receives from
such broker-dealer on or prior to the date of such sale a copy of the prospectus
contained in the Exchange Offer Registration Statement, (iii) the date on which
such Note has been effectively registered under the Securities Act and disposed
of in accordance with the Shelf Registration Statement or (iv) the date on which
such Note is distributed to the public pursuant to Rule 144 under the Act.

                  "Underwritten Registration" or "Underwritten Offering": A
registration in which securities of the Company are sold to an underwriter for
reoffering to the public.

                  SECTION 2.        HOLDERS

                  A Person is deemed to be a holder of Transfer Restricted
Securities (each, a "Holder") whenever such Person owns Transfer Restricted
Securities.

                  SECTION 3.        REGISTERED EXCHANGE OFFER

                  (a)      Unless the Exchange Offer shall not be permitted by
applicable federal law (after the procedures set forth in Section 6(a)(i) below
have been complied with), the Company shall (i) cause to be filed with the
Commission as soon as practicable after the Closing Date, but in no event later
than 45 days after the Closing Date, the Exchange Offer Registration Statement,
(ii) use its best efforts to cause such Exchange Offer Registration Statement to
become effective at the earliest possible time, but in no event later than 120
days after the Closing Date, (iii) in connection with the foregoing, (A) file
all pre-effective amendments to such Exchange Offer Registration Statement as
may be necessary in order to cause such Exchange Offer Registration Statement to
become effective, (B) file, if applicable, a post-effective amendment to such
Exchange Offer Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430A under the Act and
(C) cause all necessary filings, if any, in connection with the registration and
qualification of the Exchange Notes to be made under the Blue Sky laws of such
jurisdictions as are necessary to permit Consummation of the Exchange Offer, and
(iv) upon the effectiveness of such Exchange Offer Registration Statement,
commence and Consummate the Exchange Offer. The Exchange Offer shall be on the
appropriate form permitting registration of the Exchange Notes to be offered in
exchange for the Notes that are Transfer Restricted Securities and to permit
sales of Broker-Dealer Transfer Restricted Securities by Restricted
Broker-Dealers as contemplated by Section 3(c) below.

                  (b)      The Company shall use its best efforts to cause the
Exchange Offer Registration Statement to be effective continuously, and shall
keep the Exchange Offer referred to in the second paragraph of Section 3(c) open
for a period of not less than the minimum period required under applicable
federal and state securities laws to Consummate the Exchange Offer; provided,
however, that in no event shall such period be less than 20 Business Days. The
Company shall cause the Exchange Offer to comply with all applicable federal and
state securities laws. No securities other than the Exchange Notes shall be
included in the Exchange Offer Registration Statement. The Company shall use its
best efforts to cause

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the Exchange Offer to be Consummated on the earliest practicable date after the
Exchange Offer Registration Statement has become effective, but in no event
later than 30 Business Days thereafter.

                  (c)      The Company shall include a "Plan of Distribution"
section in the Prospectus contained in the Exchange Offer Registration Statement
and indicate therein that any Restricted Broker-Dealer who holds Notes that are
Transfer Restricted Securities and that were acquired for the account of such
Broker-Dealer as a result of market-making activities or other trading
activities, may exchange such Notes (other than Transfer Restricted Securities
acquired directly from the Company or any Affiliate of the Company) pursuant to
the Exchange Offer; however, such Broker-Dealer may be deemed to be an
"underwriter" within the meaning of the Act and must, therefore, deliver a
prospectus meeting the requirements of the Act in connection with its initial
sale of each Exchange Note received by such Broker-Dealer in the Exchange Offer,
which prospectus delivery requirement may be satisfied by the delivery by such
Broker-Dealer of the Prospectus contained in the Exchange Offer Registration
Statement. Such "Plan of Distribution" section shall also contain all other
information with respect to such sales of Broker-Dealer Transfer Restricted
Securities by Restricted Broker-Dealers that the Commission may require in order
to permit such sales pursuant thereto, but such "Plan of Distribution" shall not
name any such Broker-Dealer or disclose the amount of Notes held by any such
Broker-Dealer, except to the extent required by the Commission.

                  The Company shall use its best efforts to keep the Exchange
Offer Registration Statement continuously effective, supplemented and amended as
required by the provisions of Section 6(c) below to the extent necessary to
ensure that it is available for sales of Broker-Dealer Transfer Restricted
Securities by Restricted Broker-Dealers, and to ensure that such Registration
Statement conforms with the requirements of this Agreement, the Act and the
policies, rules and regulations of the Commission as announced from time to
time, for a period of one year from the date on which the Exchange Offer is
Consummated (or such longer period if extended pursuant to Section 6(d) hereof).

                  The Company shall promptly provide sufficient copies of the
latest version of such Prospectus to such Restricted Broker-Dealers promptly
upon request, and in no event later than one day after such request, at any time
during such one-year period in order to facilitate such sales.

                  SECTION 4.        SHELF REGISTRATION

                  (a)      Shelf Registration. If (i) the Company is not
required to file an Exchange Offer Registration Statement with respect to the
Exchange Notes or permitted to Consummate the Exchange Offer because the
Exchange Offer is not permitted by applicable law or Commission policy (after
the procedures set forth in Section 6(a)(i) below have been complied with) or
(ii) any Holder shall notify the Company within 20 Business Days following the
Consummation of the Exchange Offer that (A) such Holder was prohibited by law or
Commission policy from participating in the Exchange Offer or (B) such Holder
may not resell the Exchange Notes acquired by it in the Exchange Offer to the
public without delivering a prospectus and the Prospectus contained in the
Exchange Offer Registration Statement is not appropriate or available for such
resales by such Holder or (C) such Holder is a Broker-Dealer and holds Notes
acquired directly from the Company or one of its affiliates, then the Company
shall (x) cause to be filed, on or prior to 60 days after the date on which the
Company determines that it is not required to file the Exchange Offer
Registration Statement pursuant to clause (i) above or 60 days after the date on
which the Company receives the notice specified in clause (ii) above (and in any
event within 120 days after the Closing Date), a shelf registration statement
pursuant to Rule 415 under the Act (which may be an amendment to the Exchange
Offer Registration Statement (in either event, the "Shelf Registration
Statement")), relating to all Transfer Restricted Securities the Holders of
which shall have provided the information required pursuant to Section 4(b)
hereof, and shall (y) use its best efforts to cause such Shelf Registration
Statement to be declared effective by the Commission as promptly as possible,
but not later

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than 60 days after the date on which the Company becomes obligated to file such
Shelf Registration Statement. If, after the Company has filed an Exchange Offer
Registration Statement which satisfies the requirements of Section 3(a) above,
the Company is required to file and make effective a Shelf Registration
Statement solely because the Exchange Offer shall not be permitted under
applicable federal law, then the filing of the Exchange Offer Registration
Statement shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of clause (x) above. Such
an event shall have no effect on the requirements of clause (y) above. The
Company shall use its best efforts to keep the Shelf Registration Statement
discussed in this Section 4(a) continuously effective, supplemented and amended
as required by and subject to the provisions of Sections 6(b) and (c) hereof to
the extent necessary to ensure that it is available for sales of Transfer
Restricted Securities by the Holders thereof entitled to the benefit of this
Section 4(a), and to ensure that it conforms with the requirements of this
Agreement, the Act and the policies, rules and regulations of the Commission as
announced from time to time, for a period of at least two years (as extended
pursuant to Section 6(d)) following the date on which such Shelf Registration
Statement first becomes effective under the Act, or such shorter period ending
when all Transfer Restricted Securities covered by the Shelf Registration
Statement cease to be Transfer Restricted Securities.

                  (b)      Provision by Holders of Certain Information in
Connection with the Shelf Registration Statement. No Holder may include any of
its Transfer Restricted Securities in any Shelf Registration Statement pursuant
to this Agreement unless and until such Holder furnishes to the Company in
writing, within 20 days after receipt of a request therefor, such information
specified in item 507 or 508 of Regulation S-K under the Act, as applicable, for
use in connection with any Shelf Registration Statement or Prospectus or
preliminary Prospectus included therein. No Holder shall be entitled to
liquidated damages pursuant to Section 5 hereof unless and until such Holder
shall have used its best efforts to provide all such information. Each Holder as
to which any Shelf Registration Statement is being effected agrees to furnish
promptly to the Company all information required to be disclosed in order to
make the information previously furnished to the Company by such Holder not
materially misleading.

                  SECTION 5.        LIQUIDATED DAMAGES

                  If (i) any Registration Statement required by this Agreement
is not filed with the Commission on or prior to the date specified for such
filing in this Agreement, (ii) any such Registration Statement has not been
declared effective by the Commission on or prior to the date specified for such
effectiveness in this Agreement, (iii) the Exchange Offer has not been
Consummated within 30 Business Days after the Exchange Offer Registration
Statement is first declared effective by the Commission or (iv) any Registration
Statement required by this Agreement is filed and declared effective but shall
thereafter cease to be effective or fail to be usable for its intended purpose
without being succeeded immediately by a post-effective amendment to such
Registration Statement that cures such failure and that is itself declared
effective immediately (each such event referred to in clauses (i) through (iv),
a "Registration Default"), then the Company hereby agrees to pay liquidated
damages to each Holder of Transfer Restricted Securities that are the subject of
such Registration Default with respect to the first 90-day period immediately
following the occurrence of such Registration Default, in an amount equal to
$.05 per week per $1,000 principal amount of Transfer Restricted Securities held
by such Holder for each week or portion thereof that the Registration Default
continues. The amount of the liquidated damages shall increase by an additional
$.05 per week per $1,000 in principal amount of Transfer Restricted Securities
with respect to each subsequent 90-day period until all Registration Defaults
have been cured, up to a maximum amount of liquidated damages of $.50 per week
per $1,000 principal amount of Transfer Restricted Securities. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary set forth herein, (1) upon filing of the Exchange Offer
Registration Statement (and/or, if applicable, the Shelf Registration
Statement), in the case of (i) above, (2) upon the effectiveness of the Exchange
Offer Registration Statement (and/or, if applicable, the Shelf Registration
Statement), in the case of (ii) above, (3) upon Consummation of the Exchange
Offer, in the case of (iii) above, or (4) upon the filing of a post-effective
amendment to the

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Registration Statement or an additional Registration Statement that causes the
Exchange Offer Registration Statement (and/or, if applicable, the Shelf
Registration Statement) to again be declared effective or made usable in the
case of (iv) above, the liquidated damages payable with respect to the Transfer
Restricted Securities as a result of such clause (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv), as
applicable, shall cease.

                  All accrued liquidated damages shall be paid in cash to the
Holders entitled thereto, in the manner provided for the payment of interest in
the Indenture, on each Interest Payment Date, as more fully set forth in the
Indenture and the Notes. All accrued liquidated damages shall be paid by wire
transfer of immediately available funds or by federal funds check and to Holders
of Certificated Securities by wire transfer to the accounts specified by them or
by mailing checks to their registered addresses (if no such accounts have been
specified) on each Damages Payment Date. All obligations of the Company set
forth in the preceding paragraph that are outstanding with respect to any
Transfer Restricted Security at the time such security ceases to be a Transfer
Restricted Security shall survive until such time as all such obligations with
respect to such security shall have been satisfied in full.

                  SECTION 6.        REGISTRATION PROCEDURES

                  (a)      Exchange Offer Registration Statement. In connection
with the Exchange Offer, the Company shall comply with all applicable provisions
of Section 6(c) below, shall use its best efforts to effect such exchange and to
permit the sale of Broker-Dealer Transfer Restricted Securities being sold in
accordance with the intended method or methods of distribution thereof, and
shall comply with all of the following provisions:

                  (i)      If, following the date hereof there has been
         published a change in Commission policy with respect to exchange offers
         such as the Exchange Offer, such that in the reasonable opinion of
         counsel to the Company there is a substantial question as to whether
         the Exchange Offer is permitted by applicable federal law, the Company
         hereby agrees to seek a no-action letter or other favorable decision
         from the Commission allowing the Company to Consummate an Exchange
         Offer for such Notes. The Company hereby agrees to pursue the issuance
         of such a decision to the Commission staff level. In connection with
         the foregoing, the Company hereby agrees to take all such other actions
         as are requested by the Commission or otherwise required in connection
         with the issuance of such decision, including without limitation (A)
         participating in telephonic conferences with the Commission, (B)
         delivering to the Commission staff an analysis prepared by counsel to
         the Company setting forth the legal bases, if any, upon which such
         counsel has concluded that such an Exchange Offer should be permitted
         and (C) diligently pursuing a resolution (which need not be favorable)
         by the Commission staff of such submission.

                  (ii)     As a condition to its participation in the Exchange
         Offer pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, each Holder shall
         furnish, upon the request of the Company, prior to the Consummation of
         the Exchange Offer, a written representation to the Company (which may
         be contained in the letter of transmittal contemplated by the Exchange
         Offer Registration Statement) to the effect that (A) it is not an
         affiliate of the Company, (B) it is not engaged in, and does not intend
         to engage in, and has no arrangement or understanding with any person
         to participate in, a distribution of the Exchange Notes to be issued in
         the Exchange Offer and (C) it is acquiring the Exchange Notes in its
         ordinary course of business. Each Holder hereby acknowledges and agrees
         that any Broker-Dealer and any such Holder using the Exchange Offer to
         participate in a distribution of the securities to be acquired in the
         Exchange Offer (1) could not under Commission policy as in effect on
         the date of this Agreement rely on the position of the Commission
         enunciated in Morgan Stanley and Co., Inc. (available June 5, 1991) and
         Exxon Capital Holdings Corporation (available May 13, 1988), as
         interpreted in the Commission's letter to Shearman & Sterling dated
         July 2, 1993, and similar no-action letters (including, if applicable,

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         any no-action letter obtained pursuant to clause (i) above), and (2)
         must comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements
         of the Act in connection with a secondary resale transaction and that
         such a secondary resale transaction must be covered by an effective
         registration statement containing the selling security holder
         information required by Item 507 or 508, as applicable, of Regulation
         S-K if the resales are of Exchange Notes obtained by such Holder in
         exchange for Notes acquired by such Holder directly from the Company or
         an affiliate thereof.

                  (iii)    Prior to effectiveness of the Exchange Offer
         Registration Statement, the Company shall provide a supplemental letter
         to the Commission (A) stating that the Company is registering the
         Exchange Offer in reliance on the position of the Commission enunciated
         in Exxon Capital Holdings Corporation (available May 13, 1988), Morgan
         Stanley and Co., Inc. (available June 5, 1991) as interpreted in the
         Commission's letter to Shearman & Sterling dated July 2, 1993, and, if
         applicable, any no-action letter obtained pursuant to clause (i) above,
         (B) including a representation that the Company has not entered into
         any arrangement or understanding with any Person to distribute the
         Exchange Notes to be received in the Exchange Offer and that, to the
         best of the Company's information and belief, each Holder participating
         in the Exchange Offer is acquiring the Exchange Notes in its ordinary
         course of business and has no arrangement or understanding with any
         Person to participate in the distribution of the Exchange Notes
         received in the Exchange Offer and (C) any other undertaking or
         representation required by the Commission as set forth in any no-action
         letter obtained pursuant to clause (i) above.

                  (b)      Shelf Registration Statement. In connection with the
Shelf Registration Statement, the Company shall comply with all the provisions
of Section 6(c) below and shall use its best efforts to effect such registration
to permit the sale of the Transfer Restricted Securities being sold in
accordance with the intended method or methods of distribution thereof (as
indicated in the information furnished to the Company pursuant to Section 4(b)
hereof), and pursuant thereto the Company will prepare and file with the
Commission a Registration Statement relating to the registration on any
appropriate form under the Act, which form shall be available for the sale of
the Transfer Restricted Securities in accordance with the intended method or
methods of distribution thereof within the time periods and otherwise in
accordance with the provisions hereof.

                  (c)      General Provisions. In connection with any
Registration Statement and any related Prospectus required by this Agreement to
permit the sale or resale of Transfer Restricted Securities (including, without
limitation, any Exchange Offer Registration Statement and the related
Prospectus, to the extent that the same are required to be available to permit
sales of Broker-Dealer Transfer Restricted Securities by Restricted
Broker-Dealers), the Company shall:

                  (i)      use its best efforts to keep such Registration
         Statement continuously effective and provide all requisite financial
         statements for the period specified in Section 3 or 4 of this
         Agreement, as applicable. Upon the occurrence of any event that would
         cause any such Registration Statement or the Prospectus contained
         therein (A) to contain a material misstatement or omission or (B) not
         to be effective and usable for resale of Transfer Restricted Securities
         during the period required by this Agreement, the Company shall file
         promptly an appropriate amendment to such Registration Statement, (1)
         in the case of clause (A), correcting any such misstatement or
         omission, and (2) in the case of clauses (A) and (B), use its best
         efforts to cause such amendment to be declared effective and such
         Registration Statement and the related Prospectus to become usable for
         its intended purpose(s) as soon as practicable thereafter;

                  (ii)     prepare and file with the Commission such amendments
         and post-effective amendments to the Registration Statement as may be
         necessary to keep the Registration

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         Statement effective for the applicable period set forth in Section 3 or
         4 hereof, or such shorter period as will terminate when all Transfer
         Restricted Securities covered by such Registration Statement have been
         sold; cause the Prospectus to be supplemented by any required
         Prospectus supplement, and as so supplemented to be filed pursuant to
         Rule 424 under the Act, and to comply fully with Rules 424, 430A and
         462, as applicable, under the Act in a timely manner; and comply with
         the provisions of the Act with respect to the disposition of all
         securities covered by such Registration Statement during the applicable
         period in accordance with the intended method or methods of
         distribution by the sellers thereof set forth in such Registration
         Statement or supplement to the Prospectus;

                  (iii)    advise the underwriter(s), if any, and selling
         Holders promptly and, if requested by such Persons, confirm such advice
         in writing, (A) when the Prospectus or any Prospectus supplement or
         post-effective amendment has been filed, and, with respect to any
         Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto, when
         the same has become effective, (B) of any request by the Commission for
         amendments to the Registration Statement or amendments or supplements
         to the Prospectus or for additional information relating thereto, (C)
         of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the
         effectiveness of the Registration Statement under the Act or of the
         suspension by any state securities commission of the qualification of
         the Transfer Restricted Securities for offering or sale in any
         jurisdiction, or the initiation of any proceeding for any of the
         preceding purposes, (D) of the existence of any fact or the happening
         of any event that makes any statement of a material fact made in the
         Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any amendment or supplement
         thereto or any document incorporated by reference therein untrue, or
         that requires the making of any additions to or changes in the
         Registration Statement in order to make the statements therein not
         misleading, or that requires the making of any additions to or changes
         in the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in the light
         of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If at
         any time the Commission shall issue any stop order suspending the
         effectiveness of the Registration Statement, or any state securities
         commission or other regulatory authority shall issue an order
         suspending the qualification or exemption from qualification of the
         Transfer Restricted Securities under state securities or Blue Sky laws,
         the Company shall use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal or
         lifting of such order at the earliest possible time;

                  (iv)     furnish to the Initial Purchaser, each selling Holder
         named in any Registration Statement or Prospectus and each of the
         underwriter(s) in connection with such sale, if any, before filing with
         the Commission, copies of any Registration Statement or any Prospectus
         included therein or any amendments or supplements to any such
         Registration Statement or Prospectus (including all documents
         incorporated by reference after the initial filing of such Registration
         Statement), which documents will be subject to the review and comment
         of such Holders and underwriter(s) in connection with such sale, if
         any, for a period of at least five Business Days, and the Company will
         not file any such Registration Statement or Prospectus or any amendment
         or supplement to any such Registration Statement or Prospectus
         (including all such documents incorporated by reference) to which the
         selling Holders of the Transfer Restricted Securities covered by such
         Registration Statement or the underwriter(s) in connection with such
         sale, if any, shall reasonably object within five Business Days after
         the receipt thereof, or if such Registration Statement, amendment,
         Prospectus or supplement, as applicable, as proposed to be filed,
         contains a material misstatement or omission or fails to comply with
         the applicable requirements of the Act;

                  (v)      promptly prior to the filing of any document that is
         to be incorporated by reference into a Registration Statement or
         Prospectus, provide copies of such document, upon request, to the
         selling Holders and to the underwriter(s) in connection with such sale,
         if any, make

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         the Company's representatives available for discussion of such document
         and other customary due diligence matters, and include such information
         in such document prior to the filing thereof as such selling Holders or
         underwriter(s), if any, reasonably may request;

                  (vi)     make available at reasonable times for inspection by
         the selling Holders, any managing underwriter participating in any
         disposition pursuant to such Registration Statement and any attorney or
         accountant retained by such selling Holders or any of such
         underwriter(s), all financial and other records, pertinent corporate
         documents and properties of the Company and cause the Company's
         officers, directors and employees to supply all information reasonably
         requested by any such Holder, underwriter, attorney or accountant in
         connection with such Registration Statement or any post-effective
         amendment thereto subsequent to the filing thereof and prior to its
         effectiveness;

                  (vii)    if requested by any selling Holders or the
         underwriter(s) in connection with such sale, if any, promptly include
         in any Registration Statement or Prospectus, pursuant to a supplement
         or post-effective amendment if necessary, such information as such
         selling Holders and underwriter(s), if any, may reasonably request to
         have included therein, including, without limitation, information
         relating to the "Plan of Distribution" of the Transfer Restricted
         Securities, information with respect to the principal amount of
         Transfer Restricted Securities being sold to such underwriter(s), the
         purchase price being paid therefor and any other terms of the offering
         of the Transfer Restricted Securities to be sold in such offering; and
         make all required filings of such Prospectus supplement or
         post-effective amendment as soon as practicable after the Company is
         notified of the matters to be included in such Prospectus supplement or
         post-effective amendment;

                  (viii)   furnish to each selling Holder and each of the
         underwriter(s) in connection with such sale, if any, without charge, at
         least one copy of the Registration Statement, as first filed with the
         Commission, and of each amendment thereto, including all documents
         incorporated by reference therein and all exhibits (including exhibits
         incorporated therein by reference);

                  (ix)     deliver to each selling Holder and each of the
         underwriter(s), if any, without charge, as many copies of the
         Prospectus (including each preliminary prospectus) and any amendment or
         supplement thereto as such Persons reasonably may request; the Company
         hereby consents to the use (in accordance with law) of the Prospectus
         and any amendment or supplement thereto by each of the selling Holders
         and each of the underwriter(s), if any, in connection with the offering
         and the sale of the Transfer Restricted Securities covered by the
         Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto;

                  (x)      enter into such agreements (including an underwriting
         agreement) and make such representations and warranties that are
         reasonably acceptable to the Company and take all such other reasonable
         actions in connection therewith in order to expedite or facilitate the
         disposition of the Transfer Restricted Securities pursuant to any
         Registration Statement contemplated by this Agreement as may be
         reasonably requested by any Holder or underwriter in connection with
         any sale or resale pursuant to any Registration Statement contemplated
         by this Agreement, and in such connection, whether or not an
         underwriting agreement is entered into and whether or not the
         registration is an Underwritten Registration, the Company shall:

                           (A)      furnish (or in the case of paragraphs (2)
                  and (3), use its best efforts to furnish) to each selling
                  Holder and each underwriter, if any, upon the effectiveness of
                  the Shelf Registration Statement and to each Restricted
                  Broker-Dealer upon Consummation of the Exchange Offer:

                                       9

<PAGE>

                                    (1)      a certificate, dated the date of
                           Consummation of the Exchange Offer or the date of
                           effectiveness of the Shelf Registration Statement, as
                           the case may be, signed on behalf of the Company by
                           (x) the President or any Vice President and (y) a
                           principal financial or accounting officer of the
                           Company, confirming, as of the date thereof, the type
                           of matters set forth in paragraphs (b)-(e) of Section
                           7 of the Purchase Agreement with respect to the
                           relevant Registration Statement and the securities
                           registered hereunder, and such other similar matters
                           as the Holders, underwriter(s) and/or Restricted
                           Broker Dealers may reasonably request;

                                    (2)      an opinion, dated the date of
                           Consummation of the Exchange Offer or the date of
                           effectiveness of the Shelf Registration Statement, as
                           the case may be, of counsel for the Company covering
                           matters similar to those set forth in paragraphs (h)
                           and (i) of Section 7 of the Purchase Agreement and
                           such other matters as the Holders, underwriters
                           and/or Restricted Broker Dealers may reasonably
                           request, and in any event including a statement to
                           the effect that such counsel has participated in
                           conferences with officers and other representatives
                           of the Company, representatives of the independent
                           public accountants for the Company and have
                           considered the matters required to be stated therein
                           and the statements contained therein, although such
                           counsel has not independently verified the accuracy,
                           completeness or fairness of such statements; and that
                           such counsel advises that, on the basis of the
                           foregoing (relying as to materiality to a large
                           extent upon facts provided to such counsel by
                           officers and other representatives of the Company and
                           without independent check or verification), no facts
                           came to such counsel's attention that caused such
                           counsel to believe that the applicable Registration
                           Statement, at the time such Registration Statement or
                           any post-effective amendment thereto became effective
                           and, in the case of the Exchange Offer Registration
                           Statement, as of the date of Consummation of the
                           Exchange Offer, contained an untrue statement of a
                           material fact or omitted to state a material fact
                           required to be stated therein or necessary to make
                           the statements therein not misleading, or that the
                           Prospectus contained in such Registration Statement
                           as of its date and, in the case of the opinion dated
                           the date of Consummation of the Exchange Offer, as of
                           the date of Consummation, contained an untrue
                           statement of a material fact or omitted to state a
                           material fact necessary in order to make the
                           statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
                           under which they were made, not misleading. Without
                           limiting the foregoing, such counsel may state
                           further that such counsel assumes no responsibility
                           for, and has not independently verified, the
                           accuracy, completeness or fairness of the financial
                           statements, notes and schedules and other financial
                           data included in any Registration Statement
                           contemplated by this Agreement or the related
                           Prospectus; and

                                    (3)      a customary comfort letter, dated
                           as of the date of effectiveness of the Shelf
                           Registration Statement or the date of Consummation of
                           the Exchange Offer, as the case may be, from the
                           Company's independent accountants, in the customary
                           form and covering matters of the type customarily
                           covered in comfort letters to underwriters in
                           connection with primary underwritten offerings, and
                           affirming the matters set forth in the comfort
                           letters delivered pursuant to Section 7 of the
                           Purchase Agreement, without exception;

                                       10

<PAGE>

                           (B)      set forth in full or incorporate by
                  reference in the underwriting agreement, if any, in connection
                  with any sale or resale pursuant to any Shelf Registration
                  Statement the indemnification provisions and procedures of
                  Section 8 hereof with respect to all parties to be indemnified
                  pursuant to said Section; and

                           (C)      deliver such other documents and
                  certificates as may be reasonably requested by the selling
                  Holders, the underwriter(s), if any, and Restricted Broker
                  Dealers, if any, to evidence compliance with clause (A) above
                  and with any customary conditions contained in the
                  underwriting agreement or other agreement entered into by the
                  Company pursuant to this clause (x).

                  The above shall be done at each closing under such
underwriting or similar agreement, as and to the extent required thereunder, and
if at any time the representations and warranties of the Company contemplated in
(A)(1) above cease to be true and correct, the Company shall so advise the
underwriter(s), if any, the selling Holders and each Restricted Broker-Dealer
promptly and if requested by such Persons, shall confirm such advice in writing;

                  (xi)     prior to any public offering of Transfer Restricted
         Securities, cooperate with the selling Holders, the underwriter(s), if
         any, and their respective counsel in connection with the registration
         and qualification of the Transfer Restricted Securities under the
         securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as the selling
         Holders or underwriter(s), if any, may request and do any and all other
         acts or things necessary or advisable to enable the disposition in such
         jurisdictions of the Transfer Restricted Securities covered by the
         applicable Registration Statement; provided, however, that the Company
         shall not be required to register or qualify as a foreign corporation
         where it is not now so qualified or to take any action that would
         subject it to the service of process in suits or to taxation, other
         than as to matters and transactions relating to the Registration
         Statement, in any jurisdiction where it is not now so subject;

                  (xii)    issue, upon the request of any Holder of Notes
         covered by any Shelf Registration Statement contemplated by this
         Agreement, Exchange Notes having an aggregate principal amount equal to
         the aggregate principal amount of Notes surrendered to the Company by
         such Holder in exchange therefor or being sold by such Holder; such
         Exchange Notes to be registered in the name of such Holder or in the
         name of the purchaser(s) of such Notes, as the case may be; in return,
         the Notes held by such Holder shall be surrendered to the Company for
         cancellation;

                  (xiii)   in connection with any sale of Transfer Restricted
         Securities that will result in such securities no longer being Transfer
         Restricted Securities, cooperate with the selling Holders and the
         underwriter(s), if any, to facilitate the timely preparation and
         delivery of certificates representing Transfer Restricted Securities to
         be sold and not bearing any restrictive legends; and to register such
         Transfer Restricted Securities in such denominations and such names as
         the Holders or the underwriter(s), if any, may request at least two
         Business Days prior to such sale of Transfer Restricted Securities;

                  (xiv)    use its best efforts to cause the disposition of the
         Transfer Restricted Securities covered by the Registration Statement to
         be registered with or approved by such other governmental agencies or
         authorities as may be necessary to enable the seller or sellers thereof
         or the underwriter(s), if any, to consummate the disposition of such
         Transfer Restricted Securities, subject to the proviso contained in
         clause (xi) above;

                  (xv)     subject to Section 6(c)(i), if any fact or event
         contemplated by Section 6(c)(iii)(D) above shall exist or have
         occurred, prepare a supplement or post-effective amendment

                                       11

<PAGE>

         to the Registration Statement or related Prospectus or any document
         incorporated therein by reference or file any other required document
         so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchasers of Transfer
         Restricted Securities, the Prospectus will not contain an untrue
         statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact
         necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the
         circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

                  (xvi)    provide a CUSIP number for all Transfer Restricted
         Securities not later than the effective date of a Registration
         Statement covering such Transfer Restricted Securities and provide the
         Trustee under the Indenture with printed certificates for the Transfer
         Restricted Securities which are in a form eligible for deposit with the
         Depository Trust Company;

                  (xvii)   cooperate and assist in any filings required to be
         made with the NASD and in the performance of any due diligence
         investigation by any underwriter (including any "qualified independent
         underwriter") that is required to be retained in accordance with the
         rules and regulations of the NASD, and use its best efforts to cause
         such Registration Statement to become effective and approved by such
         governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary to enable the
         Holders selling Transfer Restricted Securities to consummate the
         disposition of such Transfer Restricted Securities;

                  (xviii)  otherwise use its best efforts to comply with all
         applicable rules and regulations of the Commission, and make generally
         available to its security holders with regard to any applicable
         Registration Statement, as soon as practicable, a consolidated earnings
         statement meeting the requirements of Rule 158 (which need not be
         audited) covering a twelve-month period beginning after the effective
         date of the Registration Statement (as such term is defined in
         paragraph (c) of Rule 158 under the Act);

                  (xix)    cause the Indenture to be qualified under the TIA
         not later than the effective date of the first Registration Statement
         required by this Agreement and, in connection therewith, cooperate with
         the Trustee and the Holders of Notes to effect such changes to the
         Indenture as may be required for such Indenture to be so qualified in
         accordance with the terms of the TIA; and execute and use its best
         efforts to cause the Trustee to execute, all documents that may be
         required to effect such changes and all other forms and documents
         required to be filed with the Commission to enable such Indenture to be
         so qualified in a timely manner; and

                  (xx)     provide promptly to each Holder upon request each
         document filed with the Commission pursuant to the requirements of
         Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

                  (d)      Restrictions on Holders. Each Holder agrees by
acquisition of a Transfer Restricted Security that, upon receipt of the notice
referred to in Section 6(c)(i) or any notice from the Company of the existence
of any fact of the kind described in Section 6(c)(iii)(C) or (D) hereof, such
Holder will forthwith discontinue disposition of Transfer Restricted Securities
pursuant to the applicable Registration Statement until such Holder's receipt of
the copies of the supplemented or amended Prospectus contemplated by Section
6(c)(xv) hereof, or until it is advised in writing by the Company that the use
of the Prospectus may be resumed, and has received copies of any additional or
supplemental filings that are incorporated by reference in the Prospectus (the
"Advice"). If so directed by the Company, each Holder will deliver to the
Company (at the Company's expense) all copies, other than permanent file copies
then in such Holder's possession, of the Prospectus covering such Transfer
Restricted Securities that was current at the time of receipt of either such
notice. In the event the Company shall give any such notice, the time period
regarding the effectiveness of such Registration Statement set forth in Section
3 or 4 hereof, as applicable, shall be extended by the number of days during the
period from and including the date of the giving of such notice pursuant to
Section 6(c)(i) or Section

                                       12

<PAGE>

6(c)(iii)(D) hereof to and including the date when each selling
Holder covered by such Registration Statement shall have received the copies of
the supplemented or amended Prospectus contemplated by Section 6(c)(xv) hereof
or shall have received the Advice.

                  SECTION 7.        REGISTRATION EXPENSES

                  (a)      All expenses incident to the Company's performance of
or compliance with this Agreement will be borne by the Company, regardless of
whether a Registration Statement becomes effective, including without
limitation: (i) all registration and filing fees and expenses (including filings
made by the Initial Purchaser or any Holder with the NASD and, if applicable,
the fees and expenses of any "qualified independent underwriter" and its counsel
that may be required by the rules and regulations of the NASD); (ii) all fees
and expenses of compliance with federal securities and state Blue Sky or
securities laws; (iii) all expenses of printing (including printing certificates
for the Exchange Notes to be issued in the Exchange Offer and printing of
Prospectuses), messenger and delivery services and telephone; (iv) all
reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company and the Holders
(subject to the provisions of Section 7(b) below); (v) all application and
filing fees in connection with listing the Notes on a national securities
exchange or automated quotation system pursuant to the requirements hereof; and
(vi) all fees and disbursements of independent certified public accountants of
the Company (including the expenses of any special audit and comfort letters
required by or incident to such performance).

                  The Company will, in any event, bear its internal expenses
(including, without limitation, all salaries and expenses of its officers and
employees performing legal or accounting duties), the expenses of any annual
audit and the fees and expenses of any Person, including special experts,
retained by the Company.

                  (b)      In connection with any Registration Statement
required by this Agreement (including, without limitation, the Exchange Offer
Registration Statement and the Shelf Registration Statement), the Company will
reimburse the Initial Purchaser and the Holders being tendered in the Exchange
Offer and/or resold pursuant to the "Plan of Distribution" contained in the
Exchange Offer Registration Statement or registered pursuant to the Shelf
Registration Statement, as applicable, for the reasonable fees and disbursements
of not more than one counsel, who shall be chosen by the Holders of a majority
in principal amount of the Transfer Restricted Securities for whose benefit such
Registration Statement is being prepared.

                  SECTION 8.        INDEMNIFICATION

                  (a)      The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless (i)
each Holder and (ii) each Person, if any, who controls (within the meaning of
Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act) any Holder (any of the
Persons referred to in this clause (ii) being hereinafter referred to as a
"controlling person") and (iii) the respective officers, directors, partners,
employees, representatives and agents of any Holder or any controlling person
(any Person referred to in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) may hereinafter be referred
to as an "Indemnified Holder"), to the fullest extent lawful, from and against
any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, judgments, actions and
expenses (including without limitation and as incurred, reimbursement of all
reasonable costs of investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any claim or
action, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body,
commenced or threatened, including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel
to any Indemnified Holder) directly or indirectly caused by, related to, based
upon, arising out of or in connection with any untrue statement or alleged
untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Registration Statement,
preliminary prospectus or Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto),
or any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not

                                       13

<PAGE>

misleading, except insofar as such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or
expenses are caused by an untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue
statement or omission that is made in reliance upon and in conformity with
information relating to any of the Holders furnished in writing to the Company
by any of the Holders expressly for use therein; provided, however, that the
Company shall not be required to indemnify any such Person if such untrue
statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission was contained or
made in any preliminary prospectus and corrected in the Prospectus or any
amendment or supplement thereto and the Prospectus does not contain any other
untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission of a
material fact that was the subject matter of the related proceeding and any such
loss, liability, claim, damage or expense suffered or incurred by the
Indemnified Holder resulted from any action, claim or suit by any Person who
purchased Transfer Restricted Securities or Exchange Notes which are the subject
thereof from such Indemnified Holder and it is established in the related
proceeding that such Indemnified Holder failed to deliver or provide a copy of
the Prospectus (as amended or supplemented) to such Person with or prior to the
confirmation of the sale of such Transfer Restricted Securities or Exchange
Notes sold to such Person if required by applicable law, unless such failure to
deliver or provide a copy of the Prospectus (as amended or supplemented) was a
result of noncompliance by the Company with Section 6 of this Agreement.

                  In case any action or proceeding (including any governmental
or regulatory investigation or proceeding) shall be brought or asserted against
any of the Indemnified Holders with respect to which indemnity may be sought
against the Company, such Indemnified Holder (or the Indemnified Holder
controlled by such controlling person) shall promptly notify the Company in
writing (provided, that the failure to give such notice shall not relieve the
Company of its obligations pursuant to this Agreement, unless and only to the
extent that such failure directly results in the loss or compromise of any
material rights or defenses by the Company and the Company was not otherwise
aware of such action or claim). In such event, the Company shall retain counsel
reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Holders to represent the Indemnified
Holders and any others the Company may reasonably designate in such proceeding
and shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses actually incurred by such counsel
related to such proceeding. The Company shall not, in connection with any one
such action or proceeding or separate but substantially similar or related
actions or proceedings in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general
allegations or circumstances, be liable for the reasonable fees and expenses of
more than one separate firm of attorneys (in addition to any local counsel) at
any time for such Indemnified Holders, which firm shall be designated by the
Holders. The Company shall be liable for any settlement of any such action or
proceeding effected with the Company's prior written consent, which consent
shall not be withheld unreasonably, and the Company agrees to indemnify and hold
harmless each Indemnified Holder from and against any loss, claim, damage,
liability or expense by reason of any settlement of any action effected with the
written consent of the Company. The Company shall not, without the prior written
consent of each Indemnified Holder, which shall not be unreasonably withheld,
settle or compromise or consent to the entry of judgment in or otherwise seek to
terminate any pending or threatened action, claim, litigation or proceeding in
respect of which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder
(whether or not any Indemnified Holder is a party thereto), unless such
settlement, compromise, consent or termination includes an unconditional release
of each Indemnified Holder from all liability arising out of such action, claim,
litigation or proceeding.

                  (b)      Each Holder agrees, severally and not jointly, to
indemnify and hold harmless the Company, and its directors, officers, and any
Person controlling (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 of
the Exchange Act) the Company, and the respective officers, directors, partners,
employees, representatives and agents of each such Person, to the same extent as
the foregoing indemnity from the Company to each of the Indemnified Holders, but
only with respect to claims and actions based on information relating to such
Holder furnished in writing by such Holder expressly for use in any Registration
Statement, preliminary prospectus or Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement
thereto). In case any action or proceeding shall be brought against the Company
or its directors or officers or any

                                       14

<PAGE>

such controlling person in respect of which indemnity may be sought against a
Holder, such Holder shall have the rights and duties given the Company, and the
Company, such directors or officers or such controlling person shall have the
rights and duties given to each Holder by the preceding paragraph. The liability
of any Holder under this paragraph shall in no event exceed the proceeds
received by such Holder from sales of Transfer Restricted Securities or Exchange
Notes giving rise to such obligations.

                  (c)      If the indemnification provided for in this Section 8
is unavailable to an indemnified party under Section 8(a) or Section 8(b) hereof
(other than by reason of exceptions provided in those Sections) in respect of
any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein, then
each applicable indemnifying party, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified
party, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party
as a result of such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses in such
proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the
Company, on the one hand, and the Holders, on the other hand, from their sale of
Transfer Restricted Securities or if such allocation is not permitted by
applicable law, the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and of the
Indemnified Holder, on the other hand, in connection with the statements or
omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or
expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative
benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Indemnified Holders on
the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total
proceeds from the offering (net of discounts and commissions but before
deducting expenses) of the Notes received by the Company bears to the total
proceeds received by such Indemnified Holder from the sale of Transfer
Restricted Securities or Exchange Notes, as the case may be. The relative fault
of the Company, on the one hand, and of the Indemnified Holder, on the other
hand, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the
untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged
omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company
or by the Indemnified Holder and the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access
to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission
and any other equitable consideration appropriate in the circumstances. The
amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses, claims, damages,
liabilities and expenses referred to above shall be deemed to include, subject
to the limitations set forth in the second paragraph of Section 8(a), any legal
or other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with
investigating or defending any action or claim.

                  The Company and each Holder agree that it would not be just
and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 8(c) were determined by
pro rata allocation (even if the Holders were treated as one entity for such
purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the
equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph. The
amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the losses,
claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to in the immediately
preceding paragraph shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set
forth above, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified
party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 8, no Holder or its related
Indemnified Holders shall be required to contribute, in the aggregate, any
amount in excess of the amount by which the total received by such Holder with
respect to the sale of its Transfer Restricted Securities pursuant to a
Registration Statement exceeds the amount of any damages which such Holder has
otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue
statement or omission or alleged omission. No Person guilty of fraudulent
misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be
entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent
misrepresentation. The Holders' obligations to contribute pursuant to this
Section 8(c) are several in proportion to the respective principal amount of
Notes held by each of the Holders hereunder and not joint.

                                       15

<PAGE>

                  SECTION 9.        RULE 144A

                  The Company hereby agrees with each Holder, for so long as any
Transfer Restricted Securities remain outstanding and during any period in which
the Company is not subject to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act, to make available, upon request of any Holder, to any Holder or beneficial
owner of Transfer Restricted Securities in connection with any sale thereof and
any prospective purchaser of such Transfer Restricted Securities designated by
such Holder or beneficial owner, the information required by Rule l44A(d)(4)
under the Act in order to permit resales of such Transfer Restricted Securities
pursuant to Rule 144A.

                  SECTION 10.       UNDERWRITTEN REGISTRATIONS

                  No Holder may participate in any Underwritten Registration
hereunder unless such Holder (a) agrees to sell such Holder's Transfer
Restricted Securities on the basis provided in any underwriting arrangements
approved by the Persons entitled hereunder to approve such arrangements and (b)
completes and executes all reasonable questionnaires, powers of attorney,
indemnities, underwriting agreements and other documents required under the
terms of such underwriting arrangements.

                  SECTION 11.       SELECTION OF UNDERWRITERS

                  For any Underwritten Offering, the investment banker or
investment bankers and manager or managers for any Underwritten Offering that
will administer such offering will be selected by the Holders of a majority in
aggregate principal amount of the Transfer Restricted Securities included in
such offering and reasonably acceptable to the Company. Such investment bankers
and managers are referred to herein as the "underwriters."

                  SECTION 12.       MARKET-MAKING PROSPECTUSES

                  (a)      Following the consummation of any Exchange Offer or
the effectiveness of a Shelf Registration Statement and for so long as the Notes
are outstanding if, in the reasonable judgment of the Initial Purchaser, the
Initial Purchaser or any of its affiliates (as such term is defined in the rules
and regulations under the Act) are required to deliver a prospectus in
connection with sales of, or market-making activities with respect to, such
securities, the Company agrees (A) to periodically amend the applicable
Registration Statement so that the information contained therein complies with
the requirements of Section 10(a) of the Act, (B) to amend the applicable
Registration Statement or supplement the related prospectus or the documents
incorporated therein when necessary to reflect any material changes in the
information provided therein so that the Registration Statement and the
prospectus will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in
light of the circumstances existing as of the date the prospectus is so
delivered, not misleading and (C) to provide the Initial Purchaser with copies
of each such amendment or supplement as the Initial Purchaser may reasonably
request.

                  SECTION 13.       MISCELLANEOUS

                  (a)      Remedies. Each Holder, in addition to being entitled
to exercise all rights provided herein, in the Indenture, the Purchase Agreement
or granted by law, including recovery of liquidated or other damages, will be
entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Agreement. The Company
agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss
incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Agreement and
hereby agrees to waive the defense in any action for specific performance that a
remedy at law would be adequate.

                                       16

<PAGE>

                  (b)      No Inconsistent Agreements. The Company will not, on
or after the date of this Agreement, enter into any agreement with respect to
its securities that is inconsistent with the rights granted to the Holders in
this Agreement or otherwise conflicts with the provisions hereof. The Company
hereby represents and warrants that the rights granted to the Holders hereunder
do not in any way conflict with and are not inconsistent with the rights granted
to the holders of the Company's securities under any agreement in effect on the
date hereof.

                  (c)      Adjustments Affecting the Notes. The Company will not
take any action, or voluntarily permit any change to occur, with respect to the
Notes or Exchange Notes that would materially and adversely affect the ability
of the Holders to Consummate any Exchange Offer.

                  (d)      Amendments and Waivers. The provisions of this
Agreement may not be amended, modified or supplemented, and waivers or consents
to or departures from the provisions hereof may not be given unless (i) the
consent of the Company is obtained, which shall not be unreasonably withheld,
(ii) in the case of Section 5 hereof and this Section 13(d)(i), the Company has
obtained the written consent of Holders of all outstanding Transfer Restricted
Securities and (iii) in the case of all other provisions hereof, the Company has
obtained the written consent of Holders of a majority of the outstanding
principal amount of Transfer Restricted Securities. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, a waiver or consent to departure from the provisions hereof that
relates exclusively to the rights of Holders whose securities are being tendered
pursuant to the Exchange Offer and that does not affect directly or indirectly
the rights of other Holders whose securities are not being tendered pursuant to
such Exchange Offer may be given by the Holders of a majority of the outstanding
principal amount of Transfer Restricted Securities subject to such Exchange
Offer.

                  (e)      Notices. All notices and other communications
provided for or permitted hereunder shall be made in writing by hand-delivery,
first-class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), telex,
telecopier, or air courier guaranteeing overnight delivery:

                  (i)      if to a Holder, at the address set forth on the
         records of the Registrar under the Indenture, with a copy to the
         Registrar under the Indenture; and

                  (ii)     if to the Company:

                           K & F Industries, Inc.
                           600 Third Avenue
                           New York, New York 10016
                           Telecopier No.:  (212) 867-1182
                           Attention: Chief Financial Officer

                           With a copy to:

                           Willkie Farr & Gallagher
                           787 Seventh Avenue
                           New York, New York 10019
                           Telecopier No.:  (212) 728-8111
                           Attention: Neil Novikoff, Esq.

                  All such notices and communications shall be deemed to have
been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; five
Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed;
when receipt acknowledged, if telecopied; and on the next Business Day, if
timely delivered to an air courier guaranteeing overnight delivery.

                                       17

<PAGE>

                  Copies of all such notices, demands or other communications
shall be concurrently delivered by the Person giving the same to the Trustee at
the address specified in the Indenture.

                  (f)      Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to
the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and assigns of each of the
parties, including without limitation and without the need for an express
assignment, subsequent Holders; provided, however, that this Agreement shall not
inure to the benefit of or be binding upon a successor or assign of a Holder
unless and to the extent such successor or assign acquired Transfer Restricted
Securities directly from such Holder.

                  (g)      Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any
number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each
of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which
taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

                  (h)      Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for
convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the
meaning hereof.

                  (i)      Governing Law. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY
AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT
REGARD TO THE CONFLICT OF LAW RULES THEREOF.

                  (j)      Severability. In the event that any one or more of
the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance,
is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
enforceability of any such provision in every other respect and of the remaining
provisions contained herein shall not be affected or impaired thereby.

                  (k)      Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the other
agreements referenced herein are intended by the parties as a final expression
of their agreement and intended to be a complete and exclusive statement of the
agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in respect of the subject
matter contained herein. There are no restrictions, promises, warranties or
undertakings, other than those set forth or referred to herein with respect to
the registration rights granted with respect to the Transfer Restricted
Securities. This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements and understandings
between the parties with respect to such subject matter.

                  (l)      Underwriting Agreement. Notwithstanding the
provisions of Section 6 hereof, in the event of a Shelf Registration pursuant to
Section 4 hereof, to the extent that the Holders shall enter into an
underwriting or similar agreement, which agreement contains provisions covering
one or more issues addressed in such Section 4 with substantially similar
effect, the provisions contained in such Sections addressing such issue or
issues shall be of no force or effect with respect to the registration of
securities being effected in connection with such underwriting or similar
agreement.

                  (m)      Termination. This Agreement shall terminate and be of
no further force or effect when there shall not be any Transfer Restricted
Securities, except that the provisions of Section 5, 7, 8, 12, and 13 shall
survive any such termination.

                            [Signature Page Follows]

                                       18

<PAGE>

                  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this
Registration Rights Agreement as of the date first written above.

                            K & F INDUSTRIES, INC.

                            By: /s/ Kenneth M. Schwartz
                               ----------------------------------------------
                               Name: Kenneth M. Schwartz
                               Title: President and Chief Operating Officer

                            LEHMAN BROTHERS INC.

                            By: /s/ Michael Konigsberg
                               -----------------------------------------------
                               Name: Michael Konigsberg
                               Title:   Managing Director<PAGE>

                            KINROSS GOLD CORPORATION

                                       AND

                      COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA

                                WARRANT INDENTURE

                     Providing for the Creation and Issue of
                         Common Share Purchase Warrants

                          Dated as of December 5, 2002

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                             <C>
Article 1 INTERPRETATION....................................................     2
      1.1   Definitions.....................................................     2
      1.2   Meaning of Outstanding..........................................     5
      1.3   Words Importing the Singular and Gender.........................     5
      1.4   Interpretation Not Affected by Headings, Etc....................     5
      1.5   Day Not a Business Day..........................................     5
      1.6   Time of the Essence.............................................     6
      1.7   Currency........................................................     6
      1.8   Applicable Law..................................................     6
      1.9   Beneficiaries...................................................     6
Article 2 THE WARRANTS......................................................     6
      2.1   Creation and Authorization of Warrants..........................     6
      2.2   Terms of Warrants...............................................     7
      2.3   Form of Warrant Certificates....................................     7
      2.4   Signing of Warrant Certificates.................................     7
      2.5   Certification by Trustee........................................     8
      2.6   Warrants to Rank Pari Passu.....................................     8
      2.7   United States Transfer Restrictions.............................     8
      2.8   Legend for Warrant Certificates of Non-U.S. Persons.............     9
      2.9   Reliance by Trustee.............................................    10
      2.10  Issue in Substitution for Lost Certificates, Etc................    10
      2.11  Cancellation of Surrendered Warrants............................    11
      2.12  Warrantholder not a Shareholder.................................    11
      2.13  Optional Purchases of Warrants by Kinross.......................    11
Article 3 REGISTRATION, TRANSFER EXCHANGE AND OWNERSHIP OF WARRANTS.........    12
      3.1   Registration and Transfer of Warrants...........................    12
      3.2   Exchange of Warrant Certificates................................    13
      3.3   Reasonable Charges for Transfer or Exchange.....................    14
      3.4   Ownership of Warrants...........................................    14
      3.5   Assumption by Transferee........................................    14
Article 4 EXERCISE OF WARRANTS..............................................    14
      4.1   Exercise........................................................    14
      4.2   Effect of Exercise..............................................    15
      4.3   No Fractional Common Shares.....................................    16
      4.4   Recording.......................................................    16
      4.5   Securities Restrictions.........................................    16
      4.6   Expiration of Warrants..........................................    17
Article 5 ADJUSTMENTS.......................................................    17
      5.1   Definitions.....................................................    17
      5.2   Adjustment of Exchange Rate.....................................    19
      5.3   Adjustment of Exercise Price....................................    20
      5.4   Adjustment Rules................................................    22
Article 6 COVENANTS.........................................................    25
      6.1   General Covenants...............................................    25
      6.2   Trustee's Remuneration and Expenses.............................    26
      6.3   Performance of Covenants by Trustee.............................    26
      6.4   Securities Qualification Requirements...........................    27
Article 7 ENFORCEMENT.......................................................    27
      7.1   Warrantholders May Not Sue......................................    27
      7.2   Trustee May Institute All Proceedings...........................    28
      7.3   Immunity of Shareholders, etc...................................    28
      7.4   Limitation of Liability.........................................    28
Article 8 MEETINGS OF WARRANTHOLDERS........................................    28
      8.1   Right to Convene Meetings.......................................    28
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

                                      -ii-

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                            <C>
      8.2   Notice..........................................................    29
      8.3   Chairman........................................................    29
      8.4   Quorum..........................................................    29
      8.5   Power to Adjourn................................................    30
      8.6   Show of Hands...................................................    30
      8.7   Voting..........................................................    30
      8.8   Regulations.....................................................    30
      8.9   Kinross, Trustee and Counsel may be Represented.................    31
      8.10  Powers Exercisable by Extraordinary Resolution..................    31
      8.11  Meaning of "Extraordinary Resolution"...........................    32
      8.12  Powers Cumulative...............................................    33
      8.13  Minutes.........................................................    33
      8.14  Instruments in Writing..........................................    34
      8.15  Binding Effect of Resolutions...................................    34
      8.16  Holdings by Kinross and Subsidiaries Disregarded................    34
Article 9 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES AND SUCCESSOR CORPORATIONS................    35
      9.1   Provision for Supplemental Indentures for Certain Purposes......    35
      9.2   Successor Corporations..........................................    36
Article 10 CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE...........................................    36
      10.1  Trust Indenture Legislation.....................................    36
      10.2  Trustee's Authority to Carry on Business........................    36
      10.3  Rights and Duties of Trustee....................................    36
      10.4  Evidence, Experts and Advisers..................................    37
      10.5  Documents, Money, Etc. held by Trustee..........................    38
      10.6  Action by Trustee to Protect Interests..........................    39
      10.7  Trustee not Required to Give Security...........................    39
      10.8  Protection of Trustee...........................................    39
      10.9  Replacement of Trustee..........................................    40
      10.10 Conflict of Interest............................................    41
      10.11 Acceptance of Trusts............................................    42
Article 11 GENERAL..........................................................    42
      11.1  Notice to Kinross and Trustee...................................    42
      11.2  Notice to Warrantholders........................................    43
      11.3  Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.........................    43
      11.4  Sole Benefit of Parties and Warrantholders......................    44
      11.5  Discretion of Directors.........................................    44
      11.6  Counterparts and Formal Date....................................    44
      11.7  Language........................................................    44
      11.8  Assignment......................................................    44
      11.9  Benefit of the Agreement........................................    45
      11.10 Indenture to Prevail............................................    45
      11.11 Further Assurances..............................................    45
      11.12 Waiver..........................................................    45
      11.13 Severability....................................................    46
</TABLE>

Appendix 1 to Indenture - Form of Warrant Certificate
Appendix 2 to Indenture - Intentionally Deleted
Appendix 3 to Indenture - Form of Declaration for Removal of Legend
Appendix 4 to Indenture - Form of Letter to be Delivered by Original U.S.
Purchaser upon Exercise of Warrants

<PAGE>

                                WARRANT INDENTURE

            THIS INDENTURE dated as of December 5, 2002

BETWEEN:

            KINROSS GOLD CORPORATION, a corporation amalgamated under
            the laws of Ontario ("Kinross")

                                     - and -

            COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA, a trust company organized
            under the laws of Canada (the "Trustee")

            WHEREAS Kinross proposes to sell and issue 50,000,000 Units, each
Unit consisting of one Common Share and one-half of one Warrant;

            AND WHEREAS each Warrant will entitle the holder thereof to purchase
one Common Share at the price and on the terms and conditions set forth herein;

            AND WHEREAS Kinross contemplates the issuance of an aggregate of
25,000,000 Warrants;

            AND WHEREAS for the foregoing purposes, Kinross deems it necessary
to enter into this Indenture to provide for the issue of the Warrants in the
manner hereinafter set forth;

            AND WHEREAS Kinross is duly authorized to create and issue the
Warrants as herein provided and complete the transactions contemplated herein;

            AND WHEREAS all things necessary have been done and performed to
make the Warrant Certificates when certified by the Trustee and issued and
delivered as herein provided, legal, valid and binding on Kinross with the
benefits of and subject to the terms of this Indenture;

            AND WHEREAS the Trustee has agreed to enter into this Indenture and
to hold all rights, interests and benefits contained herein for and on behalf of
those persons who from time to time become holders of Warrants issued pursuant
to this Indenture;

            NOW THEREFORE THIS INDENTURE WITNESSES that for good and valuable
consideration mutually given, the receipt and sufficiency of which are, by each
of Kinross and the Trustee, hereby acknowledged, Kinross hereby appoints the
Trustee as trustee for the Warrantholders, to hold all rights, interests and
benefits contained herein for and on, behalf of those persons who from time to
time become holders of

<PAGE>
                                      -2-

Warrants issued pursuant to this Indenture, and the parties hereby covenant,
agree and declare as follows:

                                   ARTICLE 1
                                 INTERPRETATION

1.1   DEFINITIONS

      In this Indenture, unless there is something in the subject matter or
context inconsistent therewith:

"ADJUSTMENT PERIOD" has the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 5.1;

"AFFILIATE" shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Business
Corporations Act (Ontario), as amended;

"APPLICABLE LEGISLATION" means such provisions of any statute of Canada, of a
province thereof or of any other jurisdiction, and of regulations under any such
statute, relating to trust indentures or to the rights, duties and obligations
of corporations and of warrant trustees under trust indentures, as are from time
to time in force and applicable to this Indenture;

"BUSINESS DAY" means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or statutory holiday
in Ontario or a day when the principal office of the Trustee in Toronto, Ontario
is not generally open to the public for the transaction of business;

"COMMON SHARES" means the common shares in the capital of Kinross, provided that
in the event of any adjustment pursuant to Article 5, Common Shares will
thereafter mean the shares or other securities or property resulting from such
adjustment;

"COUNSEL" means a barrister or solicitor or a firm of barristers and solicitors
(who may be counsel for Kinross) acceptable to the Trustee, acting reasonably;

"CURRENT MARKET PRICE" has the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 5.1;

"DIRECTOR" means a director of Kinross for the time being, and reference to
action by the directors means action by the directors of Kinross as a board or,
to the extent empowered, by a committee of the board, in each case by resolution
duly passed;

"DIVIDENDS PAID IN THE ORDINARY COURSE" has the meaning ascribed thereto in
Section 5.1;

"EFFECTIVE DATE" means December 5, 2002, the date that this Indenture is
effective as of;

"EXCHANGE RATE" has the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 5.1;

<PAGE>
                                      -3-

"EXERCISE DATE" means, with respect to any Warrant exercised by the holder
thereof, the day on which the Warrant is exercised in accordance with the
provisions of Section 4.1;

"EXERCISE PRICE" means the price per Common Share, being $5.00 as at the
Effective Date as such price shall have been adjusted under Article 5;

"EXPIRY TIME" means 5:00 p.m. (Toronto time) on the date that is five years from
the Effective Date;

"EXTRAORDINARY RESOLUTION" has the meaning attributed thereto in Sections 8.11
and 8.14;

 "KINROSS" or "CORPORATION" means the party of the first part hereunder and
includes any successor corporation to or of such party which shall have complied
with the provisions of Section 9.2;

"KINROSS' AUDITORS" means Deloitte & Touche LLP, or such other firm of chartered
accountants duly appointed as auditors of Kinross;

"PERSON" includes an individual, corporation, partnership, trustee or
unincorporated organization, and words importing persons have a similar extended
meaning;

"PROSPECTUS" means the (final) prospectus filed by Kinross with the Securities
Commissions for the purpose of qualifying the Units for distribution in the
Qualifying Jurisdictions;

"QUALIFYING JURISDICTIONS" means all the provinces of Canada (excluding the
Province of Quebec);

"SECURITIES COMMISSIONS" means the securities regulatory authorities of the
Qualifying Jurisdictions;

"SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY" means the aggregate of share capital, retained earnings
and all surplus accounts and reserves as evidenced on the audited financial
statements of Kinross for the most recently completed fiscal year;

"THIS WARRANT INDENTURE", "THIS INDENTURE", "HERETO", "HEREUNDER", "HEREOF',
"herein", "HEREBY" and similar expressions mean or refer to this Warrant
Indenture and any indenture, deed or instrument supplemental or ancillary
hereto, and the expressions "Article", "Section", "Subsection", "paragraph" and
"Appendix" followed by a number mean the specified Article, Section, Subsection
or paragraph of and Appendix to this Warrant Indenture;

"TRADING DAY" has the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 5.1;

<PAGE>
                                      -4-

"TRUSTEE" means Computershare Trust Company of Canada, the party of the second
part hereunder and includes any successor or permitted assigns for the time
being in the trusts created hereby;

"UNITED STATES" has the meaning ascribed to that term in Regulation S under the
U.S. Securities Act;

"UNITS" means 50,000,000 units of Kinross offered pursuant to the Prospectus,
each such unit consisting of one Common Share and one-half of one Warrant;

"U.S. LEGENDS" has the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 2.7;

"U.S. PERSON" has the meaning ascribed to that term in Regulation S under the
U.S. Securities Act;

"U.S. SECURITIES ACT" means the United States Securities Act of 1933, as
amended;

"VOTING SHARES" of any corporation means shares of one or more classes or series
of a class of shares in the capital of such corporation carrying voting rights
under all circumstances (and not by reason of the happening of a contingency)
sufficient, if exercised, to elect all of the directors of such corporation,
provided that such shares will be deemed not to cease to be voting shares solely
by reason of a right to vote for the election of one or more of the directors of
such corporation accruing to shares of another class or series of a class of
shares of such corporation by reason of the happening of a contingency;

"WARRANTS" means the Warrants of Kinross created and authorized for issue
pursuant to Section 2.1, each such Warrant entitling the holder thereof to
acquire one Common Share at the Exercise Price at any time prior to the Expiry
Time;

"WARRANT CERTIFICATE" means a certificate evidencing one or more Warrants,
substantially in the form set out in Appendix 1;

"WARRANTHOLDERS" or "HOLDERS" means the persons for the time being entered in a
register of holders described in Section 3.1 as holders of Warrants;

"WARRANTHOLDERS' REQUEST" means an instrument, signed in one or more
counterparts by Warrantholders who hold in the aggregate not less than 10% of
the total number of Warrants outstanding for the time being, requesting the
Trustee to take some action or proceeding specified therein; and

"WRITTEN ORDER OF KINROSS", "WRITTEN REQUEST OF KINROSS", "WRITTEN CONSENT OF
Kinross", "WRITTEN DIRECTION OF KINROSS" and "CERTIFICATE OF KINROSS" mean,
respectively, a written order, request, consent, direction and certificate
signed in the name of Kinross by any director or officer of Kinross or by any
other individual to whom such signing authority is delegated by the directors
from time to time, and may consist of one or more instruments so executed.

<PAGE>
                                      -5-

1.2   MEANING OF OUTSTANDING

      Each Warrant certified and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture
will be deemed to be outstanding until it is cancelled or delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation as the case may be, or until the Warrants have been
exercised pursuant to the terms of this Indenture, provided that:

      (a)   when a new Warrant Certificate has been issued in substitution for a
            Warrant Certificate which has been lost, stolen or destroyed, only
            one of such Warrant Certificates will be counted for the purposes of
            determining the number of Warrants outstanding; and

      (b)   for the purposes of any provision of this Indenture entitling
            holders of outstanding Warrants to vote, sign consents, requisitions
            or other instruments or take any other action under this Indenture,
            Warrants owned, directly or indirectly, legally or beneficially by
            Kinross or an affiliate of Kinross will be disregarded except that:

            (i)   for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee will be
                  protected in acting or relying on any such vote, consent,
                  requisition or other instrument or action, only the Warrants
                  which have been certified by Kinross in a certificate of
                  Kinross to the Trustee as so owned will be so disregarded; and

            (ii)  Warrants so owned which have been pledged in good faith, other
                  than to Kinross or an affiliate thereof, will not be so
                  disregarded if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of
                  the Trustee the pledgee's right to vote such Warrants in its
                  discretion free from the control of Kinross or an affiliate
                  thereof.

1.3   WORDS IMPORTING THE SINGULAR AND GENDER

      Words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa and words
importing a particular gender include all genders.

1.4   INTERPRETATION NOT AFFECTED BY HEADINGS, ETC

      The division of this Indenture into Articles, Sections, Subsections,
paragraphs, subparagraphs, clauses and subclauses and the insertion of headings
are for convenience of reference only and will not affect the construction or
interpretation of this Indenture.

1.5   DAY NOT A BUSINESS DAY

      If the day on or before which any action that would otherwise be required
to be taken hereunder is not a business day, that action will be required to be
taken on or before the requisite time on the next succeeding day that is a
business day with the same force and effect as if taken within the period for
the taking of such action.

<PAGE>
                                      -6-

1.6   TIME OF THE ESSENCE

      Time will be of the essence in all respects in this Indenture and the
Warrant Certificates.

1.7   CURRENCY

      Except as otherwise stated, all dollar amounts herein are expressed in
Canadian dollars.

1.8   APPLICABLE LAW

      This Indenture and the Warrant Certificates will be construed and enforced
in accordance with the laws prevailing in the Province of Ontario and with the
federal laws of Canada applicable therein and will be treated in all respects as
Ontario contracts. The parties irrevocably attorn and submit to the
non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the Province of Ontario with respect
to any matter arising under or related to this Indenture.

1.9   BENEFICIARIES

      This Indenture is entered into by the Trustee for the benefit of all such
persons who are issued Warrants and each of them shall, upon such issuance, be
entered in the register as Warrantholders. The Trustee hereby declares that it
holds all rights, interest and benefits to be derived therefrom for and on
behalf of all such persons in accordance with the terms and restrictions
contained herein.

                                   ARTICLE 2
                                  THE WARRANTS

2.1   CREATION AND AUTHORIZATION OF WARRANTS

(1) An aggregate of 25,000,000 Warrants, each whole Warrant entitling the holder
thereof to be issued one Common Share (subject to adjustment as provided herein)
on the terms and subject to the conditions herein provided, are hereby created
and authorized to be issued under this Indenture.

(2) Upon the original issue and delivery of certificates representing Common
Shares issued in connection with the sale of the Units, Warrant Certificates
shall be executed by Kinross and delivered by the Trustee, certified by or on
behalf of the Trustee upon the written order of Kinross and delivered by the
Trustee to Kinross or to the order of Kinross pursuant to a written direction of
Kinross, without any further act of or formality on the part of Kinross and
without the Trustee receiving any consideration therefor.

<PAGE>
                                      -7-

2.2   TERMS OF WARRANTS

(1) Subject to Subsection 2.2(2), each whole Warrant issued hereunder will
entitle the holder thereof, upon the exercise thereof and payment of the
Exercise Price in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 hereof, to be
issued one Common Share.

(2) The Exercise Price and the number of Common Shares issuable on exercise of a
Warrant pursuant to Subsection 2.2(1) hereof, shall be adjusted upon the
occurrence of the events and in the manner specified in Article 5.

2.3   FORM OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES

(1) The Warrant Certificates will be substantially in the form set out in
Appendix 1, will be dated as of the Effective Date (regardless of the actual
dates of their issue), will bear such legends and distinguishing letters and
numbers as Kinross, with the approval of the Trustee, may prescribe and will be
issuable in any whole number denomination. No fractional Warrants will be issued
or otherwise provided for hereunder. If any fraction of a Warrant would
otherwise be issuable, the number of Warrants so issued shall be rounded down to
the nearest whole Warrant.

Regardless of any adjustments pursuant to Article 5, Warrant Certificates shall
continue to be in the form set forth in Appendix 1 and shall continue to express
the number of Common Shares which may be acquired upon the exercise of the
Warrants evidenced thereby prior to any such adjustments but shall, nonetheless,
entitle the holder to acquire the number of Common Shares resulting from all
adjustments made pursuant to Article 5.

(2) The Warrant Certificates may be engraved, lithographed or printed (the
expression "printed" including for purposes hereof both original typewritten
material as well as mimeographed, mechanically, photographically,
photostatically or electronically reproduced, typewritten or other written
material), or partly in one form and partly in another, as Kinross may
determine.

2.4   SIGNING OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES

(1) The Warrant Certificates shall be signed by any director or officer of
Kinross or by any other individual to whom such signing authority is delegated
by the directors from time to time.

(2) The signatures of any of the directors, officers or individuals referred to
in Subsection 2.4(1) may be manual signatures, engraved, lithographed or printed
in facsimile and Warrant Certificates bearing such facsimile signatures will be
binding on Kinross as if they had been manually signed by such directors,
officers or individuals.

Notwithstanding that any person whose manual or facsimile signature appears on a
Warrant Certificate as one of the directors, officers or individuals referred to
in Subsection 2.4(1) no longer holds the same or any other office with Kinross
at the date of issuance of any Warrant Certificate, at the date of certification
or delivery thereof or at

<PAGE>
                                      -8-

any subsequent date, such Warrant Certificate will, subject to Section 2.5, be
valid and binding on Kinross and the holder shall be entitled to the benefits of
this Indenture.

2.5   CERTIFICATION BY TRUSTEE

(1) No Warrant Certificate signed in accordance with Section 2.4 will be issued
or, if issued, will be valid or entitle the holder to the benefits hereof until
it has been certified by manual signature by or on behalf of the Trustee
substantially in the form of the certificate set out in Appendix 1 or in such
other form approved by the Trustee. The certification by the Trustee on a
Warrant Certificate will be conclusive evidence as against Kinross that such
Warrant Certificate has been duly issued hereunder and that the holder is
entitled to the benefits hereof.

(2) The certification by the Trustee on any Warrant Certificate issued hereunder
will not be construed as a representation or warranty by the Trustee as to the
validity of this Indenture (except in respect of its due authorization,
execution and delivery by, and enforceability against, the Trustee) or such
Warrant Certificate (except the due certification thereof) or as to performance
by Kinross of its obligations hereunder, and the Trustee will in no respect be
liable or answerable for the use made of any Warrant Certificate or of the
consideration therefor, except as otherwise specified herein.

2.6   WARRANTS TO RANK PARI PASSU

      All Warrants will rank pari passu, whatever may be the actual dates of
issue of the Warrant Certificates by which they are evidenced.

2.7   UNITED STATES TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS

      Each Warrant Certificate originally issued to a person in the United
States or to a U.S. Person and all Warrant Certificates issued in exchange
therefor or in substitution therefor, as well as certificates representing the
Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of any Warrants evidenced by any such
Warrant Certificate, shall bear the legends set forth below (the "U.S.
Legends"), as applicable, for so long as appropriate:

ANY SUCH WARRANT CERTIFICATE ORIGINALLY ISSUED AND ALL WARRANT CERTIFICATES
ISSUED IN EXCHANGE THEREFOR OR IN SUBSTITUTION THEREFOR SHALL BEAR THE FOLLOWING
LEGEND:

"THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE
THEREOF HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933,
AS AMENDED (THE "1933 ACT"). THE HOLDER HEREOF, BY PURCHASING SUCH SECURITIES,
AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE CORPORATION THAT SUCH SECURITIES MAY BE OFFERED,
SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED ONLY (A) TO THE CORPORATION, OR (B) OUTSIDE THE
UNITED STATES IN ACCORDANCE WITH RULE 904 OF REGULATION S UNDER THE 1933 ACT."

<PAGE>
                                      -9-

EACH CERTIFICATE REPRESENTING THE COMMON SHARES ISSUABLE UPON THE EXERCISE OF
ANY WARRANTS EVIDENCED BY ANY SUCH WARRANT CERTIFICATE SHALL BEAR THE FOLLOWING
LEGEND:

"THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED
STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "1933 ACT"). THE HOLDER HEREOF,
BY PURCHASING SUCH SECURITIES, AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE CORPORATION THAT
SUCH SECURITIES MAY BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED ONLY (A) TO THE
CORPORATION, (B) OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES IN ACCORDANCE WITH RULE 904 OF
REGULATION S UNDER THE 1933 ACT, OR (C) WITHIN THE UNITED STATES IN ACCORDANCE
WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE 1933 ACT, IF APPLICABLE, OR PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE 1933 ACT. DELIVERY OF THIS CERTIFICATE MAY NOT
CONSTITUTE "GOOD DELIVERY" IN SETTLEMENT OF TRANSACTIONS ON STOCK EXCHANGES IN
CANADA. PROVIDED THAT THE CORPORATION IS A "FOREIGN ISSUER" WITHIN THE MEANING
OF REGULATION S AT THE TIME OF SALE, A NEW CERTIFICATE, BEARING NO LEGEND,
DELIVERY OF WHICH WILL CONSTITUTE "GOOD DELIVERY", MAY BE OBTAINED FROM
COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA UPON DELIVERY OF THIS CERTIFICATE AND A
DULY EXECUTED DECLARATION, IN A FORM SATISFACTORY TO COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY
OF CANADA AND THE CORPORATION, TO THE EFFECT THAT THE SALE OF THE SECURITIES
REPRESENTED HEREBY IS BEING MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 904 OF REGULATION S
UNDER THE 1933 ACT."

If a Warrant Certificate tendered for transfer bears the legend set forth in
Section 2.7, the Trustee shall not register such transfer unless so directed by
Kinross and the transferor has provided the Trustee with the Warrant Certificate
in accordance with Section 3.1(3) and (A) the transfer is made to Kinross or (B)
a declaration to the effect set forth in Appendix 3 to this Indenture, or in
such other form as Kinross may from time to time prescribe, is delivered to the
Trustee.

2.8   LEGEND FOR WARRANT CERTIFICATES OF NON-U.S. PERSONS

      Except with regards to Warrant Certificates originally issued to a person
in the United States or a U.S. Person or a person for the account or benefit of
a U.S. Person or a person in the United States as contemplated in Section 2.7,
each Warrant Certificate and all Warrant Certificates issued in exchange
therefor or in substitution therefor shall bear the legend set forth below (the
"Non-U.S. Legend") for so long as appropriate:

ANY SUCH WARRANT CERTIFICATE ORIGINALLY ISSUED AND ALL WARRANT CERTIFICATES
ISSUED IN EXCHANGE THEREFOR OR IN SUBSTITUTION THEREFOR SHALL BEAR THE FOLLOWING
LEGEND:

"THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY AND ANY SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE
HEREOF HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED

<PAGE>
                                      -10-

UNDER THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES
ACT") OR UNDER ANY STATE SECURITIES LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES, AND THE
SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED TO, OR EXERCISED BY, ANY
U.S. PERSON, BY ANY PERSON IN THE UNITED STATES OR BY ANY PERSON FOR THE ACCOUNT
OR BENEFIT OF A U.S. PERSON OR A PERSON IN THE UNITED STATES. THE SECURITIES
REPRESENTED HEREBY AND ANY SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE HEREOF MAY NOT BE
OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED TO A U.S. PERSON OR TO A PERSON IN THE
UNITED STATES. AS USED HEREIN, THE TERMS "UNITED STATES" AND "U.S. PERSON" HAVE
THE MEANINGS ASCRIBED TO THEM IN REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT."

2.9   RELIANCE BY TRUSTEE

      The Trustee shall have no obligation to ensure or verify compliance with
any applicable laws or regulatory requirements on the issue, exercise or
transfer of any Warrants or any Common Shares issued pursuant to the exercise of
Warrants. The Trustee shall be entitled to process all proffered transfers and
exercises of Warrants upon the presumption that such transfers or exercises are
permissible pursuant to all applicable laws and regulatory requirements and the
terms of this Indenture and the related Warrant Certificates, provided that such
transfers and exercises of Warrants may only be processed by the Trustee upon
written direction of Kinross to the Trustee, including instructions as to
legending, which direction may be based, in Kinross' discretion, upon
certificates, opinions and other documentation of the holders of such Warrants
that such transfer or exercise is in accordance with Applicable Legislation. The
Trustee may assume for the purposes of this Indenture that the address on the
register of Warrantholders of any Warrantholder is the Warrantholder's actual
address and is also determinative of the Warrantholder's residency and that the
address of any transferee to whom any Warrants or Common Shares issued pursuant
to the exercise of Warrants are to be registered, as shown on the transfer
document, is the transferee's actual address and is also determinative of the
transferee's residency.

2.10  ISSUE IN SUBSTITUTION FOR LOST CERTIFICATES, ETC.

(1) If any Warrant Certificate becomes mutilated or is lost, destroyed or
stolen, Kinross, subject to applicable law and to Subsection 2.10(2), will
issue, and thereupon the Trustee will certify and deliver, a new Warrant
Certificate of like tenor as the one mutilated, lost, destroyed or stolen in
exchange for and in place of and on surrender and cancellation of such mutilated
Warrant Certificate or in lieu of and in substitution for such lost, destroyed
or stolen Warrant Certificate and the substituted Warrant Certificate shall be
in a form approved by the Trustee and shall entitle the holders to the benefits
hereof and rank pari passu in accordance with its terms and with all other
Warrants issued hereunder.

(2) The applicant for the issue of a new Warrant Certificate pursuant to this
Subsection 2.10(2) will bear the reasonable cost of the issue thereof and in
case of loss, destruction or theft will, as a condition precedent to the issue
thereof:

<PAGE>
                                      -11-

      (a)   furnish to Kinross and to the Trustee such evidence of ownership and
            of the loss, destruction or theft of the Warrant Certificate to be
            replaced as is satisfactory to Kinross and to the Trustee in their
            discretion, acting reasonably;

      (b)   if so required by Kinross or the Trustee, furnish an indemnity in
            amount and form satisfactory to Kinross and to the Trustee in their
            reasonable discretion; and

      pay the reasonable charges of Kinross and the Trustee in connection
      therewith.

2.11  CANCELLATION OF SURRENDERED WARRANTS

      All Warrant Certificates surrendered to the Trustee pursuant to Sections
2.10, 2.13, 3.1, 3.2 or 4.1 will be cancelled by the Trustee and, if requested
by Kinross in writing, the Trustee will furnish to Kinross a cancellation
certificate identifying each Warrant Certificate so cancelled, the number of
Warrants evidenced thereby and the number of Common Shares, if any, issued
pursuant to such Warrants.

2.12  WARRANTHOLDER NOT A SHAREHOLDER

      Nothing in this Indenture or in the holding of a Warrant evidenced by a
Warrant Certificate, or otherwise, is intended or will be construed as
conferring on any Warrantholder any right or interest whatsoever as a
shareholder of Kinross, including but not limited to any right to vote at, to
receive notice of, or to attend any meeting of shareholders or any other
proceeding of Kinross or any right to receive any dividend or other distribution
to which the shareholders of Kinross may be entitled.

2.13  OPTIONAL PURCHASES OF WARRANTS BY KINROSS

      Subject to applicable law, Kinross may from time to time purchase on any
stock exchange, in the open market, by private agreement or otherwise any or all
of the Warrants. Any such purchase shall be made at the lowest price or prices
at which, in the opinion of the board of directors, such Warrants are then
obtainable, plus reasonable costs of purchase, and may be made in such manner,
from such persons, and on such other terms as Kinross in its sole discretion may
determine. The Warrant Certificates representing the Warrants purchased pursuant
to this Section 2.13 shall forthwith be delivered to and cancelled by the
Trustee and shall not be reissued. If required by Kinross, the Trustee shall
furnish Kinross with a certificate as to such cancellation.

<PAGE>
                                      -12-

                                   ARTICLE 3
                       REGISTRATION, TRANSFER EXCHANGE AND
                              OWNERSHIP OF WARRANTS

3.1   REGISTRATION AND TRANSFER OF WARRANTS

(1) Kinross hereby appoints the Trustee as registrar and transfer agent of the
Warrants and the Trustee hereby accepts such appointment.

(2)   The Trustee will cause to be kept:

      (a)   by and at the principal offices of the Trustee in Toronto, Ontario,
            a register (or registers) of holders in which shall be entered in
            alphabetical order the names and addresses of the holders of
            Warrants and particulars of the Warrants held by them; and

      (b)   by and at the principal office in Toronto, Ontario of the Trustee, a
            register of transfers in which all transfers of Warrants and the
            date and other particulars of each transfer shall be entered.

(3) No transfer of any Warrant will be valid unless duly entered on the
appropriate register of transfers referred to in Subsection 3.1(2), or on any
branch registers maintained pursuant to Subsection 3.1(7), upon surrender to the
Trustee of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant, duly endorsed by, or
accompanied by a written instrument of transfer substantially in the form of
Appendix 2 to the Warrant Certificate or otherwise in form reasonably
satisfactory to the Trustee, executed by the registered holder or his executors,
administrators or other legal representatives or his or their attorney duly
appointed by an instrument in writing in form and execution reasonably
satisfactory to the Trustee, and, subject to compliance with Section 2.7 and
such requirements and such other reasonable requirements as the Trustee may
prescribe, such transfer will be duly noted on one of such registers of
transfers by the Trustee within two business days of the satisfaction of all
such requirements including, without limitation, receipt of the written
direction of Kinross pursuant to Section 2.9. Any Warrant Certificate issued to
a transferee in a transfer in accordance with this Section 3.1 shall bear the
legend set forth in Section 2.8.

(4) The transferee of any Warrant will, after surrender to the Trustee of the
Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant as required by Subsection 3.1(3) and
upon compliance with all other conditions in respect thereof required by this
Indenture or by law, be entitled to be entered on the register of holders
referred to in Subsection 3.1(2), or on any branch registers of holders
maintained pursuant to Subsection 3.1(7), as the owner of such Warrant free from
all equities or rights of set-off or counterclaim between Kinross and the
transferor or any previous holder of such Warrant, except in respect of equities
of which Kinross is required to take notice by statute or by order of a court of
competent jurisdiction. Neither Kinross nor the Trustee will be bound to take
notice of or see to the execution of any trust, whether express, implied or
constructive, in respect of any Warrant, and may transfer any Warrant on the
written direction of the person

<PAGE>
                                      -13-

registered as the holder thereof and delivered in accordance with Subsection
3.1(3), whether named as trustee or otherwise, as though that person were the
beneficial owner thereof

(5) Kinross will be entitled, and may direct the Trustee in writing, to refuse
to recognize any transfer, or enter the name of any transferee, of any Warrant
on the registers referred to in Subsection 3.1(2), or on any branch registers
maintained pursuant to Subsection 3.1(7), if such transfer would require Kinross
to qualify the Warrants or the Common Shares issuable on exercise of the
Warrants for distribution in any jurisdiction other than the Qualifying
Jurisdictions.

(6) The registers referred to in Subsection 3.1(2), and any branch registers
maintained pursuant to Subsection 3.1(7), will at all reasonable times be open
for inspection by Kinross and any Warrantholder. The Trustee will, from time to
time when requested so to do in writing by Kinross or any Warrantholder (upon
payment of the Trustee's reasonable charges), furnish Kinross or such
Warrantholder with a list of the names and addresses of holders of Warrants
entered on such registers and showing the number of Warrants held by each such
holder.

(7) The Trustee with the approval of Kinross, may at any time and from time to
time change the place at which the registers referred to in Subsection 3.1(2)
are kept, cause branch registers of holders or transfers to be kept at other
places and close such branch registers or change the place at which such branch
registers are kept. Notice of any such change or closure shall be given by the
Trustee to Kinross and the holders of Warrants. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
the Trustee will be required to maintain a register of holders and of transfers
(as contemplated by Subsection 3.1(2)) at its principal office in Toronto,
Ontario.

(8) The Trustee shall retain until the sixth anniversary of the Expiry Time all
instruments of transfer of Warrants which are tendered for registration
including the details shown thereon of the persons by or through whom they were
lodged, all cancelled Warrants and other related documents.

3.2   EXCHANGE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES

(1) One or more Warrant Certificates may, on compliance by the holder with the
reasonable requirements of the Trustee, be exchanged for one or more Warrant
Certificates of different denomination evidencing in the aggregate the same
number of Warrants as the Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates being
exchanged.

(2) Warrant Certificates may be exchanged only at the principal offices in
Toronto, Ontario of the Trustee or at any other place designated by Kinross with
the approval of the Trustee.

(3) Any Warrant Certificate tendered for exchange shall be surrendered to the
Trustee or its agent and cancelled.

<PAGE>
                                      -14-

(4) Kinross will sign all Warrant Certificates necessary to carry out exchanges
pursuant to this Section 3.2 and the Trustee shall certify such Warrant
Certificates.

(5) Warrant Certificates exchanged for Warrant Certificates that bear the legend
set forth in Section 2.7 or 2.8 shall bear the same legend.

3.3   REASONABLE CHARGES FOR TRANSFER OR EXCHANGE

      A presenter of a Warrant Certificate pursuant to this Indenture will be
charged the reasonable costs of the Trustee for the transfer of any Warrant or
the exchange of any Warrant Certificate.

3.4   OWNERSHIP OF WARRANTS

(1) Kinross and the Trustee may deem and treat the person in whose name any
Warrant is registered as the absolute owner of such Warrant for all purposes,
and such person will for all purposes of this Indenture be and be deemed to be
the absolute owner thereof, and Kinross and the Trustee will not be affected by
any notice or knowledge to the contrary except as required by statute or by
order of a court of competent jurisdiction.

(2) The registered holder of any Warrant will be entitled to the rights
evidenced thereby free from all equities and rights of set-off or counterclaim
between Kinross and the original or any intermediate holder thereof and all
persons may act accordingly, and the delivery to any such registered holder of
the Common Shares issued on exercise of such Warrant will be a good discharge to
Kinross and the Trustee therefor and, unless Kinross or the Trustee are required
by statute or by an order of a court of competent jurisdiction, neither Kinross
nor the Trustee will be bound to inquire into the title of any such registered
holder.

3.5   ASSUMPTION BY TRANSFEREE

      Upon becoming a Warrantholder in accordance with the provisions of this
Indenture, the transferee thereof shall be deemed to have acknowledged and
agreed to be, bound by this Indenture. Upon the registration by the Trustee of
such transferee as the holder of a Warrant, the transferor thereof shall cease
to have any further rights under this Indenture with respect to such Warrant or
any Common Shares to be issued on exercise.

                                   ARTICLE 4
                              EXERCISE OF WARRANTS

4.1   EXERCISE

(1) Subject to the limitation set forth in Subsection 4.1(2) and Section 4.5,
holders of Warrants may at any time prior to the Expiry Time exercise the right
thereby conferred to be issued Common Shares by surrendering to the Trustee at
its principal offices in

<PAGE>
                                      -15-

Toronto, Ontario or to any other person or at any other additional place
designated by Kinross with the approval of the Trustee, during normal business
hours on a business day at such place:

       (a)  a certified cheque, money order or bank draft payable to Kinross in
            the amount of the Exercise Price in respect of each Common Share to
            be issued;

       (b)  the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrants; and

       (c)  a duly completed and executed notice of exercise substantially in
            the form set out in Appendix 1 to such Warrant Certificate.

(2) Any certified cheque, money order or bank draft, Warrant Certificate or
notice of exercise referred to in Subsection 4.1(1) will be deemed to have been
surrendered only on personal delivery thereof to, or, if sent by mail or other
means of transmission, on actual receipt thereof by, the Trustee or one of the
other persons at the office or one of the other places specified in Subsection
4.1(1).

(3) Any notice of exercise referred to in Subsection 4.1(1) must be signed by
the Warrantholder, or such Warrantholder's executors, administrators or other
legal representatives or his or their attorney duly appointed by an instrument
in writing in form and execution satisfactory to the Trustee, acting reasonably,
and, if any Common Shares thereby issuable are to be issued to a person or
persons other than the Warrantholder, the notice of exercise must specify the
name or names and the address or addresses of each such person or persons and
the number of Common Shares to be issued to each such person if more than one is
so specified, and the signatures set out therein shall be guaranteed by a
Schedule I chartered bank, a major Canadian trust company, a member of the
medallion guarantee program, a member of the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program
(SEMP) or a member of the New York Stock Exchange Inc. Medallion Signature
Program (MSP) or in accordance with industry practice.

(4) The holder of any Warrant Certificate who wishes to exercise the Warrants
evidenced by such Warrant Certificate may exercise less than all of such
Warrants and in the case of any such partial exercise shall be entitled to
receive, without charge therefor, a Warrant Certificate, in form, signed and
certified in accordance with the provisions of Article 2, evidencing the number
of Warrants held by the Warrantholder which remain unexercised. Such Warrant
Certificate will be delivered by the Trustee to the holder concurrently with the
certificates representing the Common Shares issued on partial exercise of such
holder's Warrants.

4.2   EFFECT OF EXERCISE

(1) Upon the exercise of any Warrant in accordance with Section 4.1, the Common
Shares thereby issuable will be deemed to have been issued, and the person or
persons to whom such Common Shares are to be issued will be deemed to have
become the holder or holders of record thereof on the Exercise Date, unless the
transfer registers for the Common Shares are closed by law on that date, in
which case such

<PAGE>
                                      -16-

Common Shares will be deemed to have been issued and such person or persons will
be deemed to have become the holder or holders of record thereof on the date on
which such transfer registers are reopened, but such Common Shares will be
issued on the basis of the number of Common Shares to which such person or
persons were entitled on the Exercise Date.

(2) As soon as practicable and in any event not later than the fifth business
day on which the transfer registers for the Common Shares have been open after
such exercise, Kinross will cause the Trustee to mail to the person or persons
in whose name or names the Common Shares thereby issued have been issued, at his
or their respective addresses specified in the notice of exercise, or, if so
specified, cause to be delivered to such person or persons at the place where
the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant was surrendered, certificates
representing the Common Shares so issued.

(3) If any Common Shares issuable pursuant to any Warrant are to be issued to a
person or persons other than the Warrantholder, the Warrantholder must pay to
Kinross or to the Trustee on its behalf an amount equal to all exigible transfer
taxes or other government charges, and Kinross will not be required to issue or
deliver any certificates representing any such Common Shares unless or until
such amount has been so paid or the Warrantholder has established to the
satisfaction of Kinross that such taxes and charges have been paid or that no
such taxes or charges are owing.

4.3   NO FRACTIONAL COMMON SHARES

      Kinross shall not be required to issue fractional Common Shares upon the
exercise of Warrants, and no cash or other consideration shall be paid by
Kinross in lieu of fractional Common Shares. To the extent that a holder of
Warrants would otherwise have been entitled to receive, on the exercise of
Warrants, a fraction of a Common Share, such right may only be exercised in
respect of such fraction in connection with another Warrant or Warrants which in
the aggregate entitle the holder to receive a whole number of Common Shares.

4.4   RECORDING

      The Trustee will record particulars in the register contemplated by
Section 3.1(2) of each Warrant exercised which will include the name and address
of each person to whom Common Shares are thereby issued, the number of Common
Shares so issued and the Exercise Date in respect thereof. Within five business
days after each Exercise Date the Trustee will provide such particulars in
writing to Kinross.

4.5   SECURITIES RESTRICTIONS

(1) No Common Shares will be issued on exercise of any Warrant, if in the
opinion of counsel to Kinross (delivered to the Trustee prior to issue), the
issuance of such Common Shares would constitute a violation of the securities
laws of any applicable jurisdiction or require Kinross to qualify the Common
Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants for distribution in any
jurisdiction other than the Qualifying Jurisdictions.

<PAGE>
                                      -17-

(2) Until such time as a registration statement relating to the Common Shares
issuable upon the exercise of Warrants is effective under the U.S. Securities
Act in accordance with Section 6.1(k), subject to Section 4.5(3), (i) Warrants
may not be exercised within the United States or by or on behalf of any U.S.
Person; and (ii) no Common Shares issued upon exercise of Warrants may be
delivered to any address in the United States.

(3) Notwithstanding Section 4.5(2), (i) Warrants which bear the legend set forth
in Section 2.7 may be exercised in the United States or by or on behalf of a
U.S. Person, and (ii) Common Shares issued upon exercise of any such Warrants
may be delivered to an address in the United States, provided that the person
exercising the Warrants signs and delivers a letter substantially in the form of
Appendix 4 to this Indenture.

(4) Until such time as Kinross has determined (which determination may be based
upon the receipt of an opinion of counsel to Kinross), that the same is no
longer required under applicable requirements of the U.S. Securities Act or
applicable state securities laws, certificates representing Common Shares issued
upon the exercise of Warrants which bear the legend set forth in Section 2.7 and
which are issued and delivered pursuant to Section 4.5(3) shall bear the legend
set forth in Section 2.7 with respect to Common Shares issuable upon the
exercise of Warrants.

(5) Certificates representing Common Shares issued upon the exercise of Warrants
which bear the legend set forth in Section 2.8 shall not bear any legend for
purposes of the U.S. Securities Act.

4.6   EXPIRATION OF WARRANTS

      After the Expiry Time, all rights under any Warrant in respect of which
the right of subscription and purchase herein and therein provided for shall not
theretofore have been exercised shall wholly cease and terminate and such
Warrant shall be void and of no effect.

                                   ARTICLE 5
                                  ADJUSTMENTS

5.1   DEFINITIONS

(1) The rights of the holder of any Warrant, including the number of Common
Shares issuable upon the exercise of such Warrant and the Exercise Price payable
on exercise of such Warrant, will be adjusted from time to time in the events
and in the manner provided in, and in accordance with this Article 5 and for
such purposes:

<PAGE>
                                      -18-

      (a)   "Adjustment Period" means in respect of each Warrant, the period
            commencing on the issue date thereof and ending at the Expiry Time
            thereof;

      (b)   "Current Market Price", on any date, means the weighted-average,
            during the period of 20 consecutive Trading Days ending on the
            second Trading Day before such date, price per share at which the
            Common Shares have traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange or, if the
            Common Shares are not then listed thereon, on such stock exchange on
            which the Common Shares are listed as may be selected for that
            purpose by the directors or, if the Common Shares are not listed on
            any stock exchange, then in the over-the-counter market as reported
            by such other stock exchange or as quoted by the most commonly
            quoted or carried source of quotations for shares traded in the
            over-the-counter market, and the weighted-average price shall be
            determined by dividing the aggregate of the closing sales prices of
            all such shares sold on such exchange or market, as the case may be,
            during the said 20 consecutive Trading Days by the total number of
            shares so sold; provided that, if there is no market for the Common
            Shares during all or part of such period during which the Current
            Market Price thereof would otherwise be determined, the Current
            Market Price in respect of a Common Share shall in respect of all or
            such part of the period be determined by the directors acting
            reasonably and in good faith;

      (c)   "Dividends Paid in the Ordinary Course" means dividends paid on the
            Common Shares in any fiscal year of Kinross, whether in (i) cash,
            (ii) shares of Kinross, (iii) warrants or similar rights to purchase
            any shares of Kinross, or (iv) property or other assets of Kinross,
            provided that the amount or value of such dividends (any such
            shares, warrants or similar rights, or property or other assets so
            distributed to be valued at the fair market value of such shares,
            warrants or similar rights, or property or other assets, as the case
            may be, as determined by the directors (such determination to be
            conclusive)), does not exceed, in the aggregate, the greatest of:

                  (i)   50% of the retained earnings of Kinross at the end of
                        the immediately preceding fiscal year;

                  (ii)  150% of the aggregate amount and/or value of dividends
                        declared payable by Kinross on the Common Shares in the
                        period of 12 consecutive months ended immediately prior
                        to the first day of such fiscal year;

                  (iii) 100% of the aggregate consolidated net earnings of
                        Kinross, before extraordinary items, for the period of
                        12 consecutive months ended immediately prior to the
                        first day of such fiscal year less the amount or value
                        of all dividends paid or payable in respect of such
                        fiscal year (such net earnings to

<PAGE>
                                      -19-

                        be as shown in the audited consolidated financial
                        statements of Kinross for such period of 12 consecutive
                        months or, if there are no audited financial statements
                        with respect to such period, computed in accordance with
                        generally accepted accounting principles consistent with
                        those applied in preparation of the most recent audited
                        consolidated financial statements of Kinross) and for
                        such purpose the amount of any dividend paid in shares
                        shall be the aggregate stated capital of such shares and
                        the amount of any dividend paid in other than cash or
                        shares shall be the fair market value of such dividend
                        as determined by resolution passed by the board of
                        directors of Kinross, subject, if applicable, to the
                        prior consent of any stock exchange on which the Common
                        Shares are listed for trading; and

                  (iv)  10% of the Shareholder's Equity of Kinross.

      (d)   "Exchange Rate" means the rate at which Common Shares are issuable
            upon the exercise of any Warrant, which rate, subject to adjustment
            in accordance with this Indenture, is one Common Share for each
            Warrant as of the Effective Date; and

      (e)   "Trading Day", with respect to any stock exchange or
            over-the-counter market, means a day on which shares may be traded
            through the facilities of such stock exchange or in such
            over-the-counter market, and, otherwise, means a day on which shares
            may be traded through the facilities of the principal stock exchange
            on which the Common Shares are listed (or, if the Common Shares are
            not listed on any stock exchange, then in the over-the-counter
            market).

5.2   ADJUSTMENT OF EXCHANGE RATE

(1) The Exchange Rate in effect at any date will be subject to adjustment from
time to time and whenever at any time during the Adjustment Period, Kinross
shall: (i) subdivide or redivide or change the outstanding Common Shares into a
greater number of Common Shares, (ii) consolidate, combine or reduce the
outstanding Common Shares into a lesser number of Common Shares, or (iii) issue
Common Shares or other securities of Kinross exchangeable for or convertible
into Common Shares (collectively, the "convertible securities") to all or
substantially all the holders of the Common Shares as a stock dividend or other
distribution (other than as a Dividend Paid in the Ordinary Course or a
distribution of Common Shares upon exercise of the Warrants or pursuant to the
exercise of directors, officers or employee stock options granted under Kinross'
stock option plans). In any such event, the Exchange Rate will, on the effective
date of such event, be adjusted so that it will equal the rate determined by
multiplying the Exchange Rate in effect immediately prior to such date by a
fraction, of which the denominator shall be the total number of Common Shares
outstanding on

<PAGE>
                                      -20-

such date before giving effect to such event, and of which the numerator shall
be the total number of Common Shares outstanding on such date after giving
effect to such event. Such adjustment will be made successively whenever any
such event shall occur and any such issue of Common Shares or convertible
securities is deemed to have occurred on the record date for the issuance for
the purpose of calculating the number of outstanding Common Shares under this
Subsection 5.2(1). To the extent that this Subsection 5.2(1) has become
operative because of an issue of convertible securities referred to in clause
(iii) above, the number of Common Shares obtainable under each Warrant shall be
readjusted based on the number of Common Shares issuable upon conversion or
exchange of such convertible securities.

(2) If and whenever at any time during the Adjustment Period, there is (i) any
reclassification of the Common Shares at any time outstanding, any change of the
Common Shares into other shares or any other capital reorganization of Kinross
(other than as described in Subsection 5.2(1)), (ii) any consolidation,
amalgamation, arrangement, merger or other form of business combination of
Kinross with or into any other entity resulting in any reclassification of the
outstanding Common Shares, any change of the Common Shares into other shares or
any other capital reorganization of Kinross, or (iii) any sale, lease, exchange
or transfer (other than to a subsidiary of Kinross) of the undertaking or assets
of Kinross as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to another corporation
or entity, then, in each such event, each holder of any Warrant which is
thereafter exercised will be entitled to receive, and shall accept, in lieu of
the number of Common Shares to which such holder was theretofore entitled upon
such exercise, the kind and number or amount of shares or other securities or
property which such holder would have been entitled to receive as a result of
such event if, on the effective date thereof, such holder had been the
registered holder of the number of Common Shares to which such holder was
theretofore entitled upon such exercise. If necessary as a result of any such
event, appropriate adjustments will be made in the application of the provisions
set forth in this Article 5 with respect to the rights and interests thereafter
of the holders of Warrants to the end that the provisions set forth in this
Article 5 will thereafter correspondingly be made applicable, as nearly as may
reasonably be possible, in the relation to any shares or other securities or
property thereafter deliverable upon the exercise of any Warrant. Any such
adjustments will be made by and set forth in an indenture supplemental hereto
approved by the directors and shall for all purposes be conclusively deemed to
be an appropriate adjustment.

5.3   ADJUSTMENT OF EXERCISE PRICE

(1) If and whenever at any time during the Adjustment Period, Kinross shall fix
a record date for the issue of rights, options or warrants to all or
substantially all of the holders of Common Shares entitling the holders thereof,
within a period expiring not more than 45 days after the record date for such
issuance, to subscribe for or purchase Common Shares (or securities convertible
into or exchangeable for Common Shares) at a price per share (or having a
conversion or exchange price per share) of less than 95% of the Current Market
Price on such record date, then, in each such case, the Exercise Price will be
adjusted immediately after such record date so that it will equal the price
determined by multiplying the Exercise Price in effect on such record date by a
fraction,

<PAGE>
                                      -21-

of which the numerator shall be the total number of Common Shares outstanding on
such record date plus the number of Common Shares equal to the number arrived at
by dividing the aggregate price of the total number of additional Common Shares
so offered for subscription or purchase or the aggregate conversion or exchange
price of the convertible or exchangeable securities so offered by such Current
Market Price, and of which the denominator shall be the total number of Common
Shares outstanding on such record date plus the total number of additional
Common Shares so offered for subscription or purchase (or into or for which the
convertible or exchangeable securities so offered are convertible or
exchangeable). If by the terms of such rights, options or warrants, there is
more than one purchase, conversion or exchange price per Common Share, the
aggregate price of the total number of additional Common Shares offered for
subscription or purchase, or the additional conversion or exchange price of the
convertible or exchangeable securities so offered, shall be calculated for the
purposes of the adjustment on the basis of the lowest purchase, conversion or
exchange price per Common Share, as the case may be. Any Common Shares owned by
or held for the account of Kinross or any affiliate or any subsidiary of Kinross
shall be deemed not to be outstanding for the purpose of any such computation.
Such adjustment will be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed,
provided that if two or more such record dates or record dates referred to in
Subsection 5.3(2) are fixed within a period of 25 Trading Days, such adjustment
will be made successively as if each of such record dates occurred on the
earliest of such record dates. To the extent that any such rights, options or
warrants are not so issued or any such rights, options or warrants are not
exercised prior to the expiration thereof, the Exercise Price will then be
readjusted to the Exercise Price which would then be in effect if such record
date had not been fixed or to the Exercise Price which would then be in effect
based on the number of Common Shares (or securities convertible into or
exchangeable for Common Shares) actually issued upon the exercise of such
rights, options or warrants, as the case may be.

(2) If and whenever at any time during the Adjustment Period, Kinross shall fix
a record date for the making of a distribution to all or substantially all of
the holders of Common Shares of:

      (a)   shares of any class other than Common Shares whether of Kinross or
            any other corporation;

      (b)   rights, options or warrants (other than rights, options or warrants
            exercisable by the holders thereof within a period expiring not more
            than 45 days after the date of issue thereof);

      (c)   evidences of indebtedness; or

      (d)   cash, securities or other property or assets,

and if such distribution does not constitute a Dividend Paid in the Ordinary
Course or any of the events specified in Section 5.2 or Subsection 5.3(1), then,
in each such case, the Exercise Price will be adjusted immediately after such
record date so that it will equal the price determined by multiplying the
Exercise Price in effect on such record
<PAGE>
                                      -22-

date by a fraction, of which the numerator shall be the total number of Common
Shares outstanding on such record date multiplied by the Current Market Price on
the earlier of such record date and the date on which Kinross announces its
intention to make such distribution, less the aggregate fair market value (as
determined by the directors at the time such distribution is authorized) of such
shares or rights, options or warrants or evidences of indebtedness or cash,
securities or other property or assets so distributed, and of which the
denominator shall be the total number of Common Shares outstanding on such
record date multiplied by such Current Market Price. Any Common Shares owned by
or held for the account of Kinross or any subsidiary of Kinross shall be deemed
not to be outstanding for the purpose of such computation. Such adjustment will
be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed, provided that if two
or more such record dates or record dates referred to in paragraph 5.2(b) are
fixed within a period of 25 Trading Days, such adjustment will be made
successively as if each of such record dates occurred on the earliest of such
record dates. To the extent that such distribution is not so made or to the
extent that any such rights, options or warrants so distributed are not
exercised prior to the expiration thereof, the Exercise Price will then be
readjusted to the Exercise Price which would then be in effect if such record
date had not been fixed or to the Exercise Price which would then be in effect
based upon such shares or rights, options or warrants or evidences of
indebtedness or cash, securities or other property or assets actually
distributed or based upon the, number or amount of securities or the property or
assets actually issued or distributed upon the exercise of such rights, options
or warrants, as the case may be.

5.4   ADJUSTMENT RULES

(1) In any case in which this Article 5 shall require that an adjustment shall
become effective immediately after a record date for or effective date of an
event referred to herein, Kinross may defer, until the occurrence and
consummation of such event, issuing to the holder of any Warrant exercised after
such record date or effective date and before the occurrence and consummation of
such event the additional Common Shares or other securities or property issuable
upon such exercise by reason of the adjustment required by such event, provided,
however, that Kinross will deliver to such holder, as soon as reasonably
practicable after such record date or effective date, as applicable, an
appropriate instrument evidencing such holder's right to receive such additional
Common Shares or other securities or property upon the occurrence and
consummation of such event and the right to receive any dividend or other
distribution in respect of such additional Common Shares or other securities or
property declared in favour of the holders of record of Common Shares or of such
other securities or property on or after the Exercise Date, or such later date
as such holder would, but for the provisions of this Section 5.4, have become
the holder of record of such additional Common Shares, warrants or of such other
securities or property pursuant to Subsection 4.2(1).

(2) If Kinross shall set a record date to determine the holders of the
securities for the purpose of entitling them to receive any dividend or
distribution or any subscription or exercise rights and shall, thereafter and
before the distribution to such securityholders of any such dividend,
distribution or subscription or exercise rights, legally abandon its

<PAGE>
                                      -23-

plan to pay or deliver such dividend, distribution or subscription or exercise
rights, then no adjustment in the number of Common Shares obtainable upon
exercise of any Warrant shall be required by reason of the setting of such
record date. In the absence of a resolution of the directors fixing a record
date to determine the holders of the securities for the purpose of entitling
them to receive any dividend or distribution or any subscription or exercise
rights, Kinross shall be deemed to have fixed as the record date therefor the
date on which such transaction is effected.

(3) The adjustments provided for in this Article 5 are cumulative, and shall, in
the case of any adjustment to the Exchange Rate or the Exercise Price, be
computed to the nearest one one-hundredth of a Common Share and will apply
(without duplication) to successive subdivisions, consolidations, distributions,
issuances or other events resulting in any adjustment under the provisions of
this Article 5, provided that, notwithstanding any other provision of this
Section 5.4, no adjustment of the Exchange Rate or the Exercise Price will be
required unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at
least 1% in the Exchange Rate or the Exercise Price then in effect (provided,
however, that any adjustment which by reason of this Subsection 5.4(3) is not
required to be made, will be carried forward and taken into account in any
subsequent adjustment).

(4) If any question arises with respect to the adjustments provided in this
Article 5, such question shall be conclusively determined by Kinross' auditors
or, if they are unable or unwilling to act, by such firm of chartered
accountants as is appointed by Kinross and acceptable to the Trustee. Such
accountants shall have access to all necessary records of Kinross and such
determination shall be binding upon Kinross, the Trustee and the Warrantholders.

(5) All shares of any class or other securities or property which a
Warrantholder is at the time in question entitled to receive on the full
exercise of his Warrants, whether or not as a result of adjustments made
pursuant to this Article 5 shall, for the purposes of the interpretation of this
Indenture, be deemed to be Common Shares which such Warrantholder is entitled to
subscribe for pursuant to the exercise of such Warrants.

(6) If and whenever at any time during the Adjustment Period, Kinross shall take
any action affecting or relating to the Common Shares, other than any action
described in this Article 5, which in the opinion of the directors, after
consultation with the Trustee, would adversely affect the rights of any holders
of Warrants, the Exchange Rate and/or the Exercise Price will be adjusted by the
directors in such manner, if any, and at such time, as the directors, may in
their sole discretion determine to be equitable in the circumstances to such
holders.

(7) As a condition precedent to the taking of any action which would require an
adjustment in any of the rights under the Warrants, Kinross will take any action
which may, in the opinion of counsel to Kinross, be necessary in order that
Kinross, or any successor to Kinross or successor to the undertaking or assets
of Kinross, will be obligated to and may validly and legally issue as fully paid
and non-assessable all the Common Shares or other securities or property which
the holders of Warrants would be

<PAGE>
                                      -24-

entitled to receive thereafter on the exercise thereof in accordance with the
provisions hereof.

(8) At least 21 days before the earlier of the effective date of or record date
for any event referred to in this Article 5 that requires or might require an
adjustment in any of the rights under the Warrants or such longer notice period
as may be applicable in respect of notices required to be delivered by Kinross
to holders of its Common Shares, Kinross will:

      (a)   file with the Trustee a certificate of Kinross specifying the
            particulars of such event and, to the extent determinable, any
            adjustment required and the computation of such adjustment; and

      (b)   give notice to the Warrantholders of the particulars of such event
            and, to the extent determinable, any adjustment required and a
            description of how such adjustment will be calculated.

Such notice need only set forth such particulars as have been determined at the
date such notice is given. If any adjustment for which such notice is given is
not then determinable, promptly after such adjustment is determinable Kinross
will:

      (c)   file with the Trustee a certificate of Kinross showing the
            computation of such adjustment; and

      (d)   give notice to the Warrantholders of such adjustment.

Where a notice pursuant to this Subsection 5.4(8) has been given, the Trustee
shall be entitled to act and rely on any adjustment calculation of Kinross or
Kinross' auditors.

(9)   Subject to Subsection 10.3(1) the Trustee shall not:

      (a)   at any time be under any duty or responsibility to any Warrantholder
            to determine whether any facts exist which may require any
            adjustment in the Exchange Rate or the Exercise Price, or with
            respect to the nature or extent of any such adjustment when made, or
            with respect to the method employed in making same;

      (b)   be accountable with respect to the validity or value (or the kind or
            amount) of any Common Shares or of any shares or other securities or
            property which may at any time be issued or delivered upon the
            exercise or deemed exercise of any Warrant; or

      (c)   be responsible for any failure of Kinross to issue, transfer or
            deliver Common Shares or certificates representing Common Shares
            upon the surrender of any Warrant for the purpose of exercise, or to
            comply with any of the covenants contained in this Article 5.

<PAGE>
                                      -25-

                                   ARTICLE 6
                                   COVENANTS

6.1   GENERAL COVENANTS

      Kinross represents, warrants, covenants and agrees with the Trustee that
so long as any Warrant remains outstanding and may be exercised:

      (a)   Kinross is duly authorized to create and issue the Warrants and that
            the Warrant Certificates, when issued and countersigned as herein
            provided, will be valid and enforceable against Kinross;

      (b)   Kinross will at all times maintain its corporate existence, carry on
            and conduct its business in a proper and business-like manner and
            keep or cause to be kept proper books of account in accordance with
            generally accepted accounting practice;

      (c)   Kinross will reserve for the purpose and keep available sufficient
            unissued Common Shares to enable it to satisfy its obligations on
            the exercise of the Warrants;

      (d)   Kinross will cause the Common Shares from time to time issued
            pursuant to the exercise of the Warrants, and the certificates
            representing such Common Shares, to be duly issued and delivered in
            accordance with the Warrants and the terms hereof;

      (e)   all Common Shares that are issued or created on exercise of the
            Warrants will be fully paid and non-assessable;

      (f)   Kinross will cause the Trustee to keep open on business days the
            registers of holders and registers of transfers referred to in
            Section 3.1 and will not take any action or omit to take any action
            which would have the effect of preventing the Warrantholders from
            exercising any of the Warrants or receiving any of the Common Shares
            upon such exercise;

      (g)   Kinross will make all requisite filings, including filings with
            appropriate Securities Commissions, in connection with the exercise
            of the Warrants and issue of the Common Shares;

      (h)   Kinross shall do, execute, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be
            done, executed, acknowledged or delivered all other acts, deeds and
            assurances in law as the Trustee may reasonably require for the
            better accomplishing and effecting of the provisions and intention
            of this Indenture;

      (i)   generally, Kinross will well and truly perform and carry out all
            acts and things to be done by it as provided in this Indenture and
            will not take any action which might reasonably be expected to
            deprive the Warrantholders

<PAGE>
                                      -26-

            of their rights to acquire Common Shares upon the exercise of the
            Warrants;

      (j)   Kinross shall maintain its status as a reporting issuer (or the
            equivalent) not in default in each of the Qualifying Jurisdictions
            providing for such a regime and will use its best efforts to
            maintain the listing of (i) the Common Shares and the Warrants on
            the Toronto Stock Exchange and (ii) the Common Shares on the
            American Stock Exchange or the New York Stock Exchange; and

      (k)   Kinross will, no later than the earlier of (i) the date which is 15
            days after the five day volume weighed average trading price of the
            Common Shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange exceeds $4.25; and (ii)
            April 30, 2003, file a shelf prospectus in the Provinces of Ontario
            and Quebec and a registration statement on Form F-10 under the
            Multijurisdictional Disclosure System with the U.S. Securities and
            Exchange Commission relating to the Common Shares issuable on the
            exercise of the Warrants, and use its reasonable best efforts to
            keep the prospectus continuously effective for so long as shall be
            necessary to permit the exercise of the Warrants (which period shall
            terminate no later than the earlier of the Expiry Time or the date
            on which all of the Warrants have been so exercised).

6.2   TRUSTEE'S REMUNERATION AND EXPENSES

      Kinross will pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable remuneration
for its services hereunder and will, on the Trustee's request, pay to or
reimburse the Trustee for all reasonable documented expenses, disbursements and
advances made or incurred by the Trustee in the administration or execution of
the trusts hereof (including reasonable documented compensation and
disbursements of its counsel and other advisers and assistants not regularly in
its employ), both before any default hereunder and thereafter until all duties
of the Trustee hereunder have been finally and fully performed, except any such
expense, disbursement or advance that arises out of or results from negligence,
wilful misconduct or bad faith of the Trustee or of persons for whom the Trustee
is responsible.

6.3   PERFORMANCE OF COVENANTS BY TRUSTEE

      If the Trustee is made aware of the failure of Kinross to perform any of
its obligations under this Indenture, the Trustee may notify the Warrantholders
of such failure or may itself perform any of such obligations capable of being
performed by it, but will not be bound to do so or to notify the Warrantholders
that it is so doing. All sums expended or advanced by the Trustee in so doing
will be repayable as provided in Section 6.2. No such performance, expenditure
or advance by the Trustee will relieve Kinross of any default or of its
continuing obligations hereunder.

<PAGE>
                                      -27-

6.4   SECURITIES QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

(1) If, in the opinion of counsel to Kinross or the Trustee, any instrument
other than a prospectus is required to be filed with, or any permission, order
or ruling is required to be obtained from, any securities administrator,
regulatory agency or governmental authority in Canada or the United States or
any other step is required under any federal or provincial law of Canada or any
federal or state law of the United States before the Common Shares may be issued
or delivered to a Warrantholder, Kinross covenants that it will use its
reasonable best efforts to file such instrument, obtain such permission, order
or ruling or take all such other actions, at its expense, as is required or
appropriate in the circumstances.

(2) Kinross or, if required by Kinross, the Trustee will give written notice of
the issue of Common Shares pursuant to the exercise of Warrants, in such detail
as may be required, to each securities regulatory agency or government authority
in Canada or the United States or in each jurisdiction in which there is
legislation requiring the giving of any such notice.

                                   ARTICLE 7
                                  ENFORCEMENT

7.1   WARRANTHOLDERS MAY NOT SUE

      No holder of any Warrant shall have any right to institute any action or
proceeding against Kinross in relation to the Warrants, unless:

      (a)   such holder shall previously have given to the Trustee written
            notice of the nature of such action or proceeding;

      (b)   the holders of at least 10% of the Warrants shall have made written
            request to the Trustee and shall have afforded to it reasonable
            opportunities either itself to proceed to exercise the powers
            hereinbefore granted or to institute an action, suit or proceeding
            in its own name for such purpose;

      (c)   such Warrantholders or any of them shall have offered to the
            Trustee, when so requested by the Trustee, sufficient funds and
            security and indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs,
            expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby; and

      (d)   the Trustee shall have failed to act within 20 days after such
            notification, request and offer of indemnity; and such notification,
            request and offer of indemnity are hereby declared in every such
            case, at the option of the Trustee, to be conditions precedent to
            any such proceeding or for any other remedy hereunder by or on
            behalf of the holder of any Warrants.

<PAGE>
                                      -28-

7.2   TRUSTEE MAY INSTITUTE ALL PROCEEDINGS

(1) The Trustee shall also have the power at any time and from time to time to
institute and to maintain such suits and proceedings as it may be advised shall
be necessary or advisable to preserve and protect its interests and the
interests of the Warrantholders.

(2) Any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee may be brought in the
name of the Trustee as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment
shall be for the rateable benefit of the Warrantholders subject to the
provisions of this Indenture. In any proceeding brought by the Trustee (and also
any proceeding in which a declaratory judgment of a court may be sought as to
the interpretation or construction of any provision of this Indenture, to which
the Trustee shall be a party) the Trustee shall be held to represent all the
Warrantholders, and it shall not be necessary to make any Warrantholders parties
to any such proceeding.

7.3   IMMUNITY OF SHAREHOLDERS, ETC.

      Subject to the rights available at law or in express provisions of any
contract or other instrument, including certain limited rights of action under
the Prospectus, the Trustee and, by the acceptance of the Warrant Certificates
and as part of the consideration for the issue of the Warrants, the
Warrantholders, hereby waive and release any right, cause of action or remedy
now or hereafter existing in any jurisdiction against any person in his capacity
as an incorporator or any past, present or future shareholder or other
securityholder, director, officer, employee or agent of Kinross for the creation
and issue of the Common Shares pursuant to any Warrant or on any covenant,
agreement, representation or warranty by Kinross herein or in the Warrant
Certificates.

7.4   LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

      The obligations hereunder are not personally binding upon, nor shall
resort hereunder be had to, the directors or shareholders of Kinross or any of
the past, present or future directors or shareholders of Kinross or any of the
past, present or future officers, employees or agents of Kinross, but only the
property of Kinross or any successor corporation shall be bound in respect
hereof.

                                   ARTICLE 8
                           MEETINGS OF WARRANTHOLDERS

8.1   RIGHT TO CONVENE MEETINGS

(1) The Trustee may at any time and from time to time convene a meeting of the
Warrantholders, and will do so on receipt of a written request of Kinross or a
Warrantholders' Request and on being funded and indemnified to its reasonable
satisfaction by Kinross or by one or more of the Warrantholders signing such

<PAGE>
                                      -29-

Warrantholders' Request against the costs which it may incur in connection with
calling and holding the meeting.

(2) If the Trustee fails, within five business days after receipt of such
written request of Kinross or Warrantholders' Request and indemnity, to give
notice convening a meeting, Kinross or any of such Warrantholders, as the case
may be, may convene such meeting.

(3) Every such meeting will be held in Toronto, Ontario or such other place as
is approved or determined by the Trustee and Kinross. However, if the meeting is
convened by Kinross or a Warrantholder as a result of the Trustee's failure or
refusal to convene such meeting, the meeting must be held in Toronto.

8.2   NOTICE

(1) At least 10 business days prior notice of any meeting must be given to the
Warrantholders, to the Trustee (unless the meeting has been called by it) and to
Kinross (unless the meeting has been called by it).

(2) The notice to be delivered in accordance with Section 11.2 must state the
time when and the place where the meeting is to be held and describe (with
sufficient detail to permit a Warrantholder to make a reasoned decision with
respect to the matters for consideration) the general nature of the business to
be transacted thereat, but it will not be necessary for the notice to set out
the terms of any resolution to be proposed or any of the provisions of this
Article 8.

8.3   CHAIRMAN

      Some person (who need not be a Warrantholder) designated in writing by the
Trustee will be chairman of the meeting or, if no person is so designated or the
person so designated is not present within 15 minutes after the time fixed for
the holding of the meeting, the Warrantholders present in person or by proxy may
choose some person present to be chairman.

8.4   QUORUM

(1) Subject to the provisions of Section 8.11, at any meeting of Warrantholders
a quorum will consist of one or more Warrantholders present in person or by
proxy at the commencement of business holding in the aggregate not less than 20%
of the total number of Warrants then outstanding.

(2) If a quorum of Warrantholders is not present within 30 minutes after the
time fixed for holding a meeting, the meeting, if summoned by Warrantholders or
on a Warrantholders' Request, will be dissolved, but, subject to Section 8.11,
in any other case will be adjourned to the seventh calendar day following the
meeting, unless such day is not a business day, in which case it shall be
adjourned to the next following business day at the same time of day and place
and no notice of the adjournment need be given.

<PAGE>
                                      -30-

(3) At the adjourned meeting the Warrantholders present in person or by proxy
will form a quorum and may transact any business for which the meeting was
originally convened notwithstanding the number of Warrants that they hold.

8.5   POWER TO ADJOURN

      The chairman of a meeting at which a quorum of the Warrantholders is
present may, with the consent of the meeting, adjourn the meeting, and no notice
of such adjournment need be given except as the meeting prescribes.

8.6   SHOW OF HANDS

(1) Every question submitted to a meeting, other than an Extraordinary
Resolution, will be decided in the first place by a majority of the votes given
on a show of hands and, unless a poll is duly demanded as herein provided, a
declaration by the chairman that a resolution has been carried or carried
unanimously or by a particular majority or lost or not carried by a particular
majority will be conclusive evidence of the fact.

(2) On every Extraordinary Resolution, and on every other question submitted to
a meeting on which a poll is directed by the chairman or requested by one or
more Warrantholders acting in person or by proxy, a poll will be taken in such
manner as the chairman directs.

(3) Questions other than those required to be determined by Extraordinary
Resolution will be decided by a majority of the votes cast on the poll.

8.7   VOTING

(1) On a show of hands each person present and entitled to vote, whether as a
Warrantholder or as proxy for one or more absent Warrantholders, or both, will
have one vote, and on a poll each Warrantholder present in person or represented
by a proxy duly appointed by instrument in writing will be entitled to one vote
in respect of each Warrant held by such holder.

(2) A proxy need not be a Warrantholder.

(3) The chairman of any meeting shall be entitled, both on a show of hands and
on a poll, to vote in respect of the Warrants, if any, held or represented by
him.

8.8   REGULATIONS

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee, or Kinross with
the approval of the Trustee, may from time to time make or vary such regulations
as it thinks fit:

      (a)   for the issue of voting certificates by any bank, trust company or
            other depository satisfactory to the Trustee stating that the
            Warrants specified therein have been deposited with it by a named
            person and will remain on

<PAGE>
                                      -31-

            deposit until a specified date, which voting certificates will
            entitle the persons named therein to be present and vote at any
            meeting of Warrantholders and at any adjournment thereof held before
            that date or to appoint a proxy or proxies to represent them and
            vote for them at any such meeting and at any adjournment thereof
            held before that date in the same manner and with the same effect as
            though the persons so named in such voting certificates were the
            actual Warrantholders specified therein;

      (b)   for the form of instrument appointing a proxy, the manner in which
            it must be executed, and verification of the authority of a person
            who executes it on behalf of a Warrantholder;

      (c)   governing the places at which and the times by which voting
            certificates or instruments appointing proxies must be deposited;

      (d)   for the deposit of voting certificates or instruments appointing
            proxies at some approved place or places other than the place at
            which the meeting is to be held and enabling particulars of such
            voting certificates or instruments appointing proxies to be sent by
            mail, cable, telex or other means of prepaid, transmitted, recorded
            communication before the meeting to Kinross or to the Trustee at the
            place where the meeting is to be held and for voting pursuant to
            instruments appointing proxies so deposited as though the
            instruments themselves were produced at the meeting; and

      (e)   generally for the calling of meetings of Warrantholders and the
            conduct of business thereof.

(2) Any regulations so made will be binding and effective and the votes given in
accordance therewith will be valid and will be counted.

(3) Except as such regulations provide, the only persons who will be recognized
at a meeting as the holders of any Warrants, or as entitled to vote or, subject
to Section 8.9, be present at the meeting in respect thereof, will be the
registered holders of such Warrants or their duly appointed proxies.

8.9   KINROSS, TRUSTEE AND COUNSEL MAY BE REPRESENTED

      Kinross and the Trustee, by their respective employees, officers or
directors, and the counsel for each of Kinross, the Trustee and the
Warrantholders may attend any meeting of Warrantholders and speak thereat, but
will have no vote as such.

8.10  POWERS EXERCISABLE BY EXTRAORDINARY RESOLUTION

      In addition to all other powers conferred on them by the other provisions
of this Indenture, by the Warrants or by law, subject to the consent of the
Toronto Stock

<PAGE>
                                      -32-

Exchange, the Warrantholders at a meeting will have the power, exercisable from
time to time by Extraordinary Resolution:

      (a)   subject to the agreement of Kinross to assent to or sanction any
            amendment, modification, abrogation, alteration, compromise or
            arrangement of any right of the Warrantholders or of the Trustee in
            its capacity as warrant trustee hereunder, subject to the Trustee's
            approval or on behalf of the Warrantholders against Kinross, whether
            such right arises under this Indenture or otherwise and to authorize
            the Trustee to concur in and execute any indenture supplemental
            hereto in connection therewith;

      (b)   to amend, alter or repeal any Extraordinary Resolution previously
            passed;

      (c)   to direct or authorize the Trustee to enforce any obligation of
            Kinross under this Indenture or to enforce any right of the
            Warrantholders in any manner specified in the Extraordinary
            Resolution;

      (d)   to refrain from enforcing any obligation or right referred to in
            paragraph (c);

      (e)   to waive and direct the Trustee to waive any default by Kinross in
            complying with any provision of this Indenture, either
            unconditionally or on any condition specified in the Extraordinary
            Resolution;

      (f)   to appoint a committee with power and authority to exercise, and to
            direct the Trustee to exercise, on behalf of the Warrantholders,
            such of the powers of the Warrantholders as are exercisable by
            Extraordinary Resolution;

      (g)   to restrain any Warrantholder from taking or instituting any suit,
            action or proceeding against Kinross for the enforcement of any
            obligation of Kinross under this Indenture or to enforce any right
            of the Warrantholders;

      (h)   to direct any Warrantholder who, as such, has brought any suit,
            action or proceeding, to stay or discontinue or otherwise deal
            therewith on payment of the costs, charges and expenses reasonably
            and properly incurred by him in connection therewith;

      (i)   from time to time and at any time to remove the Trustee and appoint
            a successor; and

      (j)   to assent to any compromise or arrangement with any creditor or
            creditors or any class or classes of creditors, whether secured or
            otherwise, and with holders of any shares or other securities of
            Kinross.

8.11  MEANING OF "EXTRAORDINARY RESOLUTION"

(1) The expression "Extraordinary Resolution" when used in this Indenture means,
subject to the provisions of this Section 8.11 and of Sections 8.14 and 8.15, a
resolution

<PAGE>
                                      -33-

proposed at a meeting of Warrantholders duly convened for that purpose and held
in accordance with the provisions of this Article at which there are present in
person or by proxy Warrantholders holding in the aggregate not less than 25% of
the aggregate number of Common Shares which may be acquired upon the exercise of
all the Warrants then outstanding and passed by the affirmative vote of
Warrantholders who hold in the aggregate not less than 66 2/3% of the aggregate
number of Common Shares which may be acquired upon the exercise of all the
Warrants then outstanding represented at the meeting and voted on the poll on
the resolution.

(2) If, at a meeting called for the purpose of passing an Extraordinary
Resolution, the quorum required by Subsection 8.11(1) is not present within 30
minutes after the time appointed for the meeting, the meeting, if convened by
Warrantholders or on a Warrantholders' Request, will be dissolved, but in any
other case will stand adjourned to such day, being not less than seven calendar
days or more than 30 calendar days later, and to such place and time, as is
appointed by the chairman.

(3) Not less than seven calendar days' notice must be given to the
Warrantholders of the time and place of such adjourned meeting.

(4) The notice must state that at the adjourned meeting the Warrantholders
present in person or by proxy will form a quorum but it will not be necessary to
set forth the purposes for which the meeting was originally called or any other
particulars.

(5) At the adjourned meeting the Warrantholders present in person or by proxy
will form a quorum and may transact any business for which the meeting was
originally convened, and a resolution proposed at such adjourned meeting and
passed by the requisite vote as provided in Subsection 8.11(1) will be an
Extraordinary Resolution within the meaning of this Indenture notwithstanding
that Warrantholders holding in the aggregate of not less than 25% of the
aggregate number of Common Shares which may be acquired upon the exercise of all
the Warrants outstanding may not be present.

(6) Votes on an Extraordinary Resolution must always be given on a poll and no
demand for a poll on an Extraordinary Resolution will be necessary.

8.12  POWERS CUMULATIVE

      Any one or more of the powers, and any combination of the powers, in this
Indenture stated to be exercisable by the Warrantholders by Extraordinary
Resolution or otherwise, may be exercised from time to time, and the exercise of
any one or more of such powers or any combination of such powers from time to
time will not prevent the Warrantholders from exercising such power or powers or
combination of powers thereafter from time to time.

8.13  MINUTES

      Minutes of all resolutions passed and proceedings taken at every meeting
of the Warrantholders will be made and duly entered in books from time to time
provided for such purpose by and at the expense of Kinross, and any such
minutes, if signed by the

<PAGE>
                                      -34-

chairman of the meeting at which such resolutions were passed or such
proceedings were taken, will be prima facie evidence of the matters therein
stated, and, until the contrary is proved, every such meeting in respect of the
proceedings of which minutes have been so made, entered and signed will be
deemed to have been duly convened and held, and all resolutions passed and
proceedings taken thereat to have been duly passed and taken.

      Kinross shall be provided with, in a timely manner and at its own expense,
copies of any and all resolutions passed at any meeting of the Warrantholders
pursuant to this Section 8.13.

8.14  INSTRUMENTS IN WRITING

      Any action that may be taken and any power that may be exercised by
Warrantholders at a meeting held as provided in this Article 8 by way of an
Extraordinary Resolution may also be taken and exercised by Warrantholders who
hold in the aggregate not less than 66 2/3% of the aggregate number of Common
Shares which may be acquired upon the exercise of all the Warrants at the time
outstanding, by their signing, each in person or by attorney duly appointed in
writing, an instrument in writing in one or more counterparts, and the
expression "Extraordinary Resolution" when used in this Indenture includes a
resolution embodied in an instrument so signed.

      Kinross shall be provided with, in a timely manner and at its own expense,
copies of any and all instruments in writing signed by the Warrantholders
pursuant to this Section 8.14.

8.15  BINDING EFFECT OF RESOLUTIONS

Every resolution and every Extraordinary Resolution passed in accordance with
the provisions of this Article 8 at a meeting of Warrantholders will be binding
on all Warrantholders, whether present at or absent from the meeting and whether
voting for or against the resolution or abstaining, and every instrument in
writing signed by Warrantholders in accordance with Section 8.14 will be binding
on all Warrantholders, whether signatories thereto or not, and every
Warrantholder and the Trustee (subject to the provisions for its indemnity
herein contained) will be bound to give effect accordingly to every such
resolution and instrument in writing. In the case of an instrument in writing,
the Trustee shall give notice in the manner contemplated in Article 11 of the
effect of the instrument in writing to all Warrantholders and Kinross as soon as
is reasonably practicable.

8.16  HOLDINGS BY KINROSS AND SUBSIDIARIES DISREGARDED

      In determining whether Warrantholders holding the required total number of
Warrants are present in person or by proxy for the purpose of constituting a
quorum, or have voted or consented to a resolution, Extraordinary Resolution,
consent, waiver, Warrantholders' Request or other action under this Indenture, a
Warrant held by Kinross or by any affiliate of Kinross will be deemed to be not
outstanding. Upon a request in writing by the Trustee, Kinross shall provide a
certificate of Kinross detailing the

<PAGE>
                                      -35-

registration and denomination of any Warrants held by Kinross or by any
affiliate of Kinross.

                                   ARTICLE 9
               SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES AND SUCCESSOR CORPORATIONS

9.1   PROVISION FOR SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES

      From time to time Kinross (when authorized by the directors and with the
prior consent of the Toronto Stock Exchange) and the Trustee may, subject to the
provisions hereof, and will when so directed hereby, execute and deliver by
their proper officers indentures or instruments supplemental hereto, which
thereafter will form part hereof, for any or all of the following purposes:

      (a)   setting forth any adjustments resulting from the application of the
            provisions of Article 5;

      (b)   adding hereto such additional covenants and enforcement provisions
            as in the opinion of counsel are necessary or advisable, and are not
            in the opinion of the Trustee relying on the opinion of counsel
            prejudicial to the rights or interests of the Warrantholders as a
            group;

      (c)   giving effect to any Extraordinary Resolution passed as provided in
            Article 8;

      (d)   making such provisions not inconsistent with this Indenture as are
            necessary or desirable with respect to matters or questions arising
            hereunder, and are not, in the opinion of the Trustee relying on the
            opinion of counsel, prejudicial to the rights or interests of the
            Warrantholders as a group;

      (e)   adding to, deleting or altering the provisions hereof in respect of
            the transfer of Warrants or the exchange of Warrant Certificates,
            and making any modification in the form of the Warrant Certificates
            which does not affect the substance thereof;

      (f)   modifying any provision of this Indenture or relieving Kinross from
            any obligation, condition or restriction herein contained, except
            that no such modification or relief will be or become operative or
            effective if in the opinion of the Trustee, relying on the opinion
            of counsel, it would impair any of the rights or interests of the
            Warrantholders or of the Trustee, and the Trustee may in its
            uncontrolled discretion decline to enter into any such supplemental
            indenture which in its opinion will not afford adequate protection
            to the Trustee when it becomes operative; and

      (g)   for any other purpose not inconsistent with the terms of this
            Indenture, including the correction or rectification of any
            ambiguity, defective or

<PAGE>
                                      -36-

            inconsistent provision, error or omission herein, if in the opinion
            of the Trustee relying on the opinion of counsel, the rights of the
            Trustee and of the Warrantholders, as a group, are not prejudiced
            thereby.

9.2   SUCCESSOR CORPORATIONS

      In the case of the consolidation, amalgamation, arrangement, merger or
transfer of the undertaking or assets of Kinross as an entirety, or
substantially as an entirety, to another corporation, the successor corporation
resulting from such consolidation, amalgamation, arrangement, merger or transfer
(if not Kinross) will be bound by the provisions hereof and for the due and
punctual performance and observance of each and every covenant and obligation
contained in this Indenture to be performed by Kinross and, will as a condition
precedent to any such transaction, agree to succeed to and be substituted for
Kinross by supplemental indenture in form satisfactory to the Trustee and
executed and delivered to the Trustee with the same effect as closely as may be
possible as if it had been named herein.

                                   ARTICLE 10
                             CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

10.1  TRUST INDENTURE LEGISLATION

(1) If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies
or conflicts with a mandatory requirement of Applicable Legislation, the
mandatory requirement will prevail.

(2) Kinross and the Trustee each will at all times in relation to this Indenture
and any action to be taken hereunder observe and comply with and be entitled to
the benefits of Applicable Legislation.

10.2  TRUSTEE'S AUTHORITY TO CARRY ON BUSINESS

      The Trustee represents and warrants to Kinross that at the date hereof it
is authorized to carry on the business of a trust company in each of the
Qualifying Jurisdictions. If, notwithstanding the provisions of this Section
10.2, it ceases to be authorized to carry on such business, the validity and
enforceability of this Indenture and the Warrants issued hereunder shall not be
affected in any manner whatsoever by reason only of such event provided that the
Trustee, within 30 days after ceasing to be authorized to carry on such business
either becomes so authorized or resigns in the manner and with the effects
specified in Section 10.9.

10.3  RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF TRUSTEE

(1) In the exercise of the rights and duties prescribed or conferred by the
terms of this Indenture, the Trustee will act honestly and in good faith with a
view to the best interests of the Warrantholders, and will exercise that degree
of care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent warrant trustee would
exercise in comparable circumstances.

<PAGE>
                                      -37-

Subject to the foregoing, the Trustee shall not be bound to give any notice or
do or take any act, action or proceeding by virtue of the powers conferred on it
hereby unless and until it shall have been required so to do under the terms
hereof; nor shall the Trustee be required to take notice of any default
hereunder, unless and until notified in writing of such default, which notice
shall distinctly specify the default desired to be brought to the attention of
the Trustee and in the absence of any such notice the Trustee may for all
purposes of this Indenture conclusively assume that no default has been made in
the observance or performance of any of the representations, warranties,
covenants, agreements or conditions contained herein. Any such notice shall in
no way limit any discretion herein given to the Trustee to determine whether or
not the Trustee shall take action with respect to any default.

(2) No provision of this Indenture will be construed to relieve the Trustee from
liability for its own negligent act, negligent failure to act, wilful misconduct
or bad faith.

(3) The obligation of the Trustee to commence or continue any act, action or
proceeding for the purpose of enforcing any right of the Trustee or the
Warrantholders hereunder is on the condition that, when required by notice to
the Warrantholders by the Trustee, the Trustee is furnished by one or more
Warrantholders with sufficient funds to commence or continue such act, action or
proceeding and indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee to protect and
hold it harmless against the costs, charges, expenses and liabilities to be
incurred thereby and any loss and damage it may suffer by reason thereof.

(4) No provision of this Indenture will require the Trustee to expend or risk
its own funds or otherwise incur financial liability in the performance of any
of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers unless it is so
indemnified.

(5) The Trustee may, before commencing or at any time during the continuance of
any such act, action or proceeding, require the Warrantholders at whose instance
it is acting to deposit with the Trustee the Warrant Certificates held by them,
for which certificates the Trustee will issue receipts.

(6) Every provision of this Indenture that relieves the Trustee of liability or
entitles it to rely on any evidence submitted to it is subject to the provisions
of Applicable Legislation, of this Section 10.3 and of Section 10.4.

(7) In this Indenture, whenever confirmations or instructions are required to be
given to the Trustee in order to be valid, such confirmations and instructions
shall be in writing.

10.4  EVIDENCE, EXPERTS AND ADVISERS

(1) In addition to the reports, certificates, opinions and other evidence
required by this Indenture, Kinross will furnish to the Trustee such additional
evidence of compliance with any provision hereof, and in such form, as is
prescribed by Applicable Legislation or as the Trustee reasonably requires by
written notice to Kinross.

<PAGE>
                                      -38-

(2) In the exercise of any right or duty hereunder the Trustee, if it is acting
in good faith, may rely, as to the truth of any statement or the accuracy of any
opinion expressed therein, on any statutory declaration, opinion, report,
certificate or other evidence furnished to the Trustee pursuant to a provision
hereof or of Applicable Legislation or pursuant to a request of the Trustee, if
such evidence complies with Applicable Legislation and the Trustee examines such
evidence and determines that it complies with the applicable requirements of
this Indenture.

(3) Whenever Applicable Legislation requires that evidence referred to in
Subsection 10.4(1) be in the form of a statutory declaration, the Trustee may
accept such statutory declaration in lieu of a certificate of Kinross required
by any provision hereof.

(4) Any such statutory declaration may be made by any director or officer of
Kinross.

(5) The Trustee may act and rely and shall be protected in acting and relying
upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report,
notice, request, consent, order, letter, telegram, cablegram or other paper or
document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed, sent or presented
by or on behalf of the proper party or parties.

(6) Proof of the execution of any document or instrument in writing, including a
Warrantholders' Request, by a Warrantholder may be made by the certificate of a
notary public, or other officer with similar powers, that the person signing
such instrument acknowledged to him the execution thereof, or by an affidavit of
a witness to such execution, or in any other manner that the Trustee considers
adequate.

(7) The Trustee may employ or retain such counsel, accountants, engineers,
appraisers, or other experts or advisers as it reasonably requires for the
purpose of determining and discharging its duties hereunder and may pay
reasonable remuneration for all services so performed by any of them, without
taxation of costs of any counsel, and will not be responsible for any misconduct
or negligence on the part of any of them who has been selected with due care by
the Trustee. Any remuneration so paid by the Trustee shall be repaid to the
Trustee in accordance with Section 6.2.

(8) The Trustee may act and shall be protected in acting and relying in good
faith on the opinion or advice of or information obtained from any counsel,
accountant or other expert or adviser, whether retained or employed by Kinross
or by the Trustee, in relation to any matter arising in the administration of
the trusts hereof.

10.5  DOCUMENTS, MONEY, ETC. HELD BY TRUSTEE

(1) Any security, document of title or other instrument that may at any time be
held by the Trustee subject to the trusts hereof may be placed in the deposit
vaults of the Trustee or of any Canadian chartered bank or deposited for
safekeeping with any such bank.

(2) Unless herein otherwise expressly provided, any money so held pending the
application or withdrawal thereof under any provision of this Indenture shall be

<PAGE>
                                      -39-

deposited in the name of the Trustee in any Canadian chartered bank at the rate
of interest (if any) then current on similar deposits or may be invested with
the consent of Kinross in securities issued or guaranteed by the Government of
Canada or a province thereof or in obligations, maturing not more than one year
from the date of the investment, of any Canadian chartered bank as Kinross may
consent to. All interest or other income received by the Trustee in respect of
such deposits and investments shall belong to Kinross, as provided for herein.

(3) Unless Kinross is in default hereunder, all interest or other income
received by the Trustee in respect of such deposits and investments will belong
to Kinross.

10.6  ACTION BY TRUSTEE TO PROTECT INTERESTS

      The Trustee will have power to institute and to maintain such actions and
proceedings as it considers necessary or expedient to protect or enforce its
interests and the interests of the Warrantholders.

10.7  TRUSTEE NOT REQUIRED TO GIVE SECURITY

      The Trustee will not be required to give any bond or security in respect
of the performance of the agency created hereby, the execution of the trusts and
powers of this Indenture or otherwise in respect of the premises.

10.8  PROTECTION OF TRUSTEE

(1) By way of supplement to the provisions of any law for the time being
relating to trustees or agents, it is expressly declared and agreed that:

      (a)   except for its acts of negligence or wilful misconduct, the Trustee
            shall not be liable for any act done or step taken or omitted by it
            in good faith, or for any mistake of fact or law, and Kinross
            indemnifies and saves harmless the Trustee and its directors,
            officers, employees and agents from and against all claims, demands,
            actions, suits or other proceedings by whomsoever made, prosecuted
            or brought and from all losses, costs, damages and expenses in any
            manner based upon, occasioned by or attributable to any act or
            omission of the Trustee or its directors, officers, employees and
            agents in the execution of its duties hereunder. The obligations of
            this paragraph shall survive the termination or discharge of this
            Indenture or the resignation or removal of the Trustee;

      (b)   the Trustee will not be liable for or by reason of, or required to
            substantiate, any statement of fact or recital in this Indenture or
            in the Warrant Certificates (except the representation contained in
            Section 10.10 or in the certificate of the Trustee on the Warrant
            Certificates), but all such statements or recitals are and will be
            deemed to be made by Kinross;

<PAGE>
                                      -40-

      (c)   nothing herein contained will impose on the Trustee any obligation
            to see to, or to require evidence of, the registration or filing (or
            renewal thereof) of this Indenture or any instrument ancillary or
            supplemental hereto;

      (d)   the Trustee will not be bound to give notice to any person of the
            execution hereof;

      (e)   the Trustee will not incur any liability or responsibility whatever
            or be in any way responsible for the consequence of any breach by
            Kinross of any obligation herein contained or of any act of any
            director, officer, employee or agent of Kinross; and

      (f)   the Trustee shall not be liable or accountable for any loss or
            damage whatsoever to any person caused by the performance or failure
            by it to perform its responsibilities under this Indenture save only
            to the extent that such loss or damage is attributable to the
            negligence, wilful misconduct or bad faith of the Trustee.

(2) Kinross agrees to indemnify the Trustee and its directors, officers and
employees and save them harmless from all liabilities, losses, claims, demands,
suits, damages, costs and actions which may be brought against or suffered by it
arising out of or connected with the performance by it of its duties hereunder
except to the extent that such liabilities, suits, damages, costs and actions
are attributable to the negligence, wilful misconduct or bad faith of the
Trustee. This provision shall survive the resignation or termination of the
Trustee or the termination of this Indenture.

10.9  REPLACEMENT OF TRUSTEE

(1) The Trustee may resign its trust hereunder and be discharged from all
further duties and liabilities hereunder, except as provided in this Section
10.9, by giving to Kinross and the Warrantholders not less than 30 business days
notice in writing or, if a new Trustee has been appointed, such shorter notice
as Kinross accepts as sufficient.

(2) The Warrantholders by Extraordinary Resolution may at any time remove the
Trustee and appoint a new Trustee.

(3) If the Trustee so resigns or is so removed or is dissolved, becomes
bankrupt, goes into liquidation or otherwise becomes incapable of acting
hereunder, Kinross will forthwith appoint a new Trustee unless a new Trustee has
already been appointed by the Warrantholders.

(4) Failing such appointment by Kinross, the retiring Trustee or any
Warrantholder may apply to the Ontario Superior Court on such notice as the
Court directs, for the appointment of a new Trustee, at the expense of Kinross.

(5) Any new Trustee so appointed by Kinross or by the Court will be subject to
removal as aforesaid by the Warrantholders.

<PAGE>
                                      -41-

(6) Any new Trustee appointed under any provision of this Section 10.9 must be a
corporation authorized to carry on the business of a trust company in each of
the Qualifying Jurisdictions.

(7) On any such appointment the new Trustee will be vested with the same powers,
rights, duties and responsibilities as if it had been originally named herein as
Trustee without any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed, but there will
be immediately executed, at the expense of Kinross, all such conveyances or
other instruments as, in the opinion of counsel, are necessary or advisable for
the purpose of assuring such powers, rights, duties and responsibilities to the
new Trustee provided that, any resignation or termination of the Trustee and
appointment of a successor Trustee shall not become effective until the
successor Trustee shall have executed an appropriate instrument accepting such
appointment and, at the request of Kinross, the predecessor Trustee, upon
payment of its outstanding remuneration and expenses, shall execute and deliver
to the successor Trustee an appropriate instrument transferring to such
successor Trustee all rights and powers of the Trustee hereunder.

(8) On the appointment of a new Trustee, Kinross will promptly give notice
thereof to the Warrantholders.

(9) A corporation into or with which the Trustee is merged or consolidated or
amalgamated, or a corporation succeeding to or acquiring all or substantially
all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee, will be the successor to the
Trustee hereunder without any further act on its part or on the part of any
party hereto if such corporation would be eligible for appointment as a new
Trustee under Subsection 10.9(6).

(10) A Warrant Certificate certified but not delivered by a predecessor Trustee
may be delivered by the new or successor Trustee in the name of the predecessor
Trustee or successor Trustee.

10.10 CONFLICT OF INTEREST

      The Trustee represents to Kinross that at the time of the execution and
delivery hereof no material conflict of interest exists between its role as a
fiduciary hereunder and its role in any other capacity and if a material
conflict of interest arises hereafter it will, within 30 business days after
ascertaining that it has such material conflict of interest, either eliminate
the conflict of interest or resign its trust hereunder.

      If any such material conflict of interest exists or hereafter shall exist,
the validity and enforceability of this Indenture and of the Warrants shall not
be affected in any manner whatsoever by reason thereof.

      The Trustee, in its personal or any other capacity, may buy, lend upon and
deal in securities of Kinross and generally may contract and enter into
financial transactions with Kinross without being liable to account for any
profit made thereby.

<PAGE>
                                      -42-

10.11 ACCEPTANCE OF TRUSTS

      The Trustee hereby accepts the trusts in this Indenture declared and
provided for and agrees to perform them on the terms and conditions herein set
forth.

                                   ARTICLE 11
                                     GENERAL

11.1  NOTICE TO KINROSS AND TRUSTEE

(1) Unless herein otherwise expressly provided, a notice to be given hereunder
to Kinross or the Trustee will be validly given if delivered personally or by
courier or if sent by first class mail, postage prepaid, or if sent by facsimile
transmission (receipt of such transmission is confirmed in writing):

(a)   If to Kinross:

      Kinross Gold Corporation
      52nd Floor, Scotia Plaza
      40 King Street West
      Toronto, Ontario M5H 3Y2

      Attention:  Corporate Secretary
      Facsimile:  (416)365-0237

(b)   If to the Trustee:

      Computershare Trust Company of Canada
      100 University Avenue
      9th Floor
      Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1

      Attention:  Manager, Corporate Trust Services
      Facsimile:  (416)981-9777

and any such notice delivered or sent in accordance with the foregoing will be
deemed to have been received on the date of delivery or facsimile transmission
or, if mailed, on the fifth business day following the day of the mailing of the
notice.

(2) Kinross or the Trustee, as the case may be, may from time to time notify the
other in the manner provided in Subsection 11.1(1) of a change of address which,
from the effective date of such notice and until changed by like notice, will be
the address of Kinross or the Trustee, as the case may be, for all purposes of
this Indenture. A copy of any notice of change of address given pursuant to this
Section 11.1 shall be sent to the principal office of the Trustee in the City of
Toronto, Ontario and shall be available for inspection by Warrantholders during
normal business hours.

<PAGE>
                                      -43-

(3) If, by reason of a strike, lockout or other work stoppage, actual or
threatened, involving Canadian postal employees, a notice to be given to the
Trustee or to Kinross hereunder could reasonably be considered unlikely to reach
or likely to be delayed in reaching its destination, the notice will be valid
and effective only if it is delivered to an officer of the party to which it is
addressed or if it is delivered to such party at the appropriate address
provided in Subsection 11.1(1) by confirmed facsimile transmission and any
notice delivered in accordance with the foregoing will be deemed to have been
received on the date of delivery to such officer or if delivered by such
facsimile, on the first business day following the date of the sending of the
notice.

11.2  NOTICE TO WARRANTHOLDERS

(1) Unless herein otherwise expressly provided, a notice to be given hereunder
to Warrantholders will be deemed to be validly given if the notice is sent by
ordinary surface or air mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the Warrantholders
or delivered (or so mailed to certain Warrantholders and so delivered to the
other Warrantholders) at their respective addresses appearing on any of the
registers of holders described in Section 3.1 provided, however, that if, by
reason of a strike, lockout or other work stoppage, actual or threatened,
involving Canadian postal employees, the notice could reasonably be considered
unlikely to reach or likely to be delayed in reaching its destination, the
notice will be valid and effective only if it is so delivered or is given by
publication twice in the Report on Business section in the national edition of
The Globe and Mail newspaper.

(2) A notice so given by mail or so delivered will be deemed to have been given
on the fifth business day after it has been mailed or on the day which it has
been delivered, as the case may be, and a notice so given by publication will be
deemed to have been given on the day on which it has been published as required.
In determining under any provision hereof the date when notice of a meeting or
other event must be given, the date of giving notice will be included and the
date of the meeting or other event will be excluded. Accidental error or
omission in giving notice or accidental failure to mail notice to any
Warrantholder will not invalidate any action or proceeding founded thereon.

11.3  SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE

      On the earlier of:

      (a)   the date by which there has been delivered to the Trustee for
            exercise or surrender for cancellation all Warrant Certificates
            theretofore certified hereunder; or

      (b)   the Expiry Time;

and if all certificates representing Common Shares required to be issued in
compliance with the provisions hereof have been issued and delivered hereunder
or to the Trustee in accordance with such provisions, this Indenture will cease
to be of further effect and, on demand of and at the cost and expense of Kinross
and on delivery to the Trustee of a certificate of Kinross stating that all
conditions precedent to the satisfaction and

<PAGE>
                                      -44-

discharge of this Indenture have been complied with and on payment to the
Trustee of the fees and other remuneration payable to the Trustee, the Trustee
will execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging
this Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indemnities provided to the
Trustee by Kinross hereunder shall remain in full force and effect and shall
survive the termination of this Indenture.

11.4  SOLE BENEFIT OF PARTIES AND WARRANTHOLDERS

      Nothing in this Indenture or the Warrant Certificates, expressed or
implied, will give or be construed to give to any person other than the parties
hereto and the Warrantholders, as the case may be, any legal or equitable right,
remedy or claim under this Indenture or the Warrant Certificates, or under any
covenant or provision herein or therein contained, all such covenants and
provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and the
Warrantholders.

11.5  DISCRETION OF DIRECTORS

      Any matter provided herein to be determined by the directors will be
determined by the directors in their sole discretion acting reasonably and in
good faith, and a determination so made will be conclusive.

11.6  COUNTERPARTS AND FORMAL DATE

      This Indenture may be executed in several counterparts, each of which when
so executed will be deemed to be an original and such counterparts together will
constitute one and the same instrument and notwithstanding the date of their
execution will be deemed to be dated as of the Effective Date.

11.7  LANGUAGE

      The parties hereby request that this Indenture and any related documents
be drawn up and executed only in the English language. Les parties demandent par
les presentes que la presente convention ainsi que tous les documents y
afferents soient rediges et executes en langue anglaise seulement.

11.8  ASSIGNMENT

      Subject to Section 9.2 hereof, neither this Indenture nor any right,
interest or obligation hereunder may be assigned by either party without the
prior written consent of the other party and any purported assignment of this
Indenture which does not comply with this Section 11.8 shall be considered null
and void.

<PAGE>
                                      -45-

11.9  BENEFIT OF THE AGREEMENT

      This Indenture will enure to the benefit of and be binding upon the
respective successors and permitted assigns of the parties hereto.

11.10 INDENTURE TO PREVAIL

      In the event of any discrepancy or inconsistency between the terms and
conditions of this Indenture and the Warrant Certificate, the terms of this
Indenture will prevail.

11.11 FURTHER ASSURANCES

      Each party shall, from time to time and at all times hereafter, at the
request of the other party hereto, but without further consideration, do all
such further acts and execute and deliver all such further documents and
instruments as shall be reasonably required in order to perform fully and carry
out the terms and intent hereof.

11.12 WAIVER

      No waiver by either party hereto shall be effective unless express and
given in writing, and any waiver shall affect only the matter, and the
occurrence thereof, specifically identified and shall not extend to any other
matter or occurrence.

<PAGE>
                                      -46-

11.13 SEVERABILITY

      If any provision of this Indenture is determined to be void or
unenforceable in whole or in part, such void or unenforceable provision shall
not affect or impair the validity of any other provision of this Indenture and
shall be severable from this Indenture.

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
executed as of the date first above written.

                                    KINROSS GOLD CORPORATION

                                    By:             /s/ Brian Penny
                                          ------------------------------------
                                    Name:
                                    Title:

                                    COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA

                                    By:             /s/ Kathy Hillis
                                          ------------------------------------
                                    Name: Kathy Hillis
                                    Title: Professional, Corporate Trust

                                    By:           /s/ Cheryl Davidson
                                          ------------------------------------
                                    Name: Cheryl Davidson
                                    Title: Administrator, Corporate Trust

<PAGE>

                             APPENDIX 1 TO INDENTURE
                           FORM OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE

[LEGEND FOR WARRANTS AND UNDERLYING SECURITIES HELD BY PERSONS IN THE UNITED
STATES OR BY U.S. PERSONS (THE "U.S. LEGENDS" REFERRED TO IN SECTION 2.7 OF THE
WARRANT INDENTURE.)]

THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE
THEREOF HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933,
AS AMENDED (THE "1933 ACT"). THE HOLDER HEREOF, BY PURCHASING SUCH SECURITIES,
AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE CORPORATION THAT SUCH SECURITIES MAY BE OFFERED,
SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED ONLY (A) TO THE CORPORATION, OR (B) OUTSIDE THE
UNITED STATES IN ACCORDANCE WITH RULE 904 OF REGULATION S UNDER THE 1933 ACT.

[LEGEND FOR WARRANTS HELD OTHER THAN BY PERSONS IN THE UNITED STATES OR U.S.
PERSONS (THE "NON-U.S. LEGEND" REFERRED TO IN SECTION 2.8 OF THE WARRANT
INDENTURE.)]

THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY AND ANY SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE
HEREOF HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED STATES
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT") OR UNDER ANY STATE
SECURITIES LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES, AND THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY MAY
NOT BE EXERCISED BY OR TRANSFERRED TO, ANY U.S. PERSON, BY ANY PERSON IN THE
UNITED STATES OR BY ANY PERSON FOR THE ACCOUNT OR BENEFIT OF A U.S. PERSON OR A
PERSON IN THE UNITED STATES. THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY AND ANY
SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE HEREOF MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE
TRANSFERRED TO A U.S. PERSON OR TO A PERSON IN THE UNITED STATES. AS USED
HEREIN, THE TERMS "UNITED STATES" AND "U.S. PERSON" HAVE THE MEANINGS ASCRIBED
TO THEM IN REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT.

                          (FORM OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE)

Certificate No.: __________                        No. of Warrants:  __________

                                                              CUSIP 496902 13 1

                                    WARRANTS
                             EXERCISABLE TO ACQUIRE
                                  COMMON SHARES
                                       OF
                            KINROSS GOLD CORPORATION

<PAGE>
                                      -ii-

           (Amalgamated under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario))

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT, for value received, _________________________________
(the "holder") is the registered holder of the number of Warrants ("Warrants")
of KINROSS GOLD CORPORATION ("Kinross") specified above, and for each whole
Warrant held is thereby entitled to be issued fully paid and non-assessable
Common Shares ("Common Shares") in the capital of Kinross, on the basis of one
Common Share for each such Warrant, subject to the limitation referred to below,
by surrendering to Computershare Trust Company of Canada (the "Trustee") at its
principal transfer office in Toronto, Ontario during the exercise period
hereinafter referred to, a certified cheque, money order or bank draft made
payable to Kinross in the amount of the Exercise Price as hereinafter determined
in respect of each Common Share to be issued, this Warrant Certificate and a
notice of exercise in the form set forth in Appendix 1 annexed hereto duly
completed and executed.

Capitalized terms which are not otherwise defined herein shall have the same
meaning as in the warrant indenture (which indenture, together with all
instruments supplemental or ancillary thereto, is herein referred to as the
"Warrant Indenture") dated as of December 5, 2002 between Kinross and the
Trustee, as trustee.

Surrender of this Warrant Certificate will be deemed to have been effected only
on personal delivery thereof to, or, if sent by mail or other means of
transmission, on actual receipt thereof by, the Trustee at the office specified
above.

This Warrant Certificate evidences Warrants of Kinross issued or issuable under
the provisions of the Warrant Indenture. Reference is made to the Warrant
Indenture for particulars of the rights of the holders of the Warrants and of
Kinross and of the Trustee in respect thereof and of the terms and conditions
upon which the Warrants are issued and held and may be exercised, all to the
same effect as if the provisions of the Warrant Indenture were herein set forth,
to all of which the holder, by acceptance hereof, assents. To the extent of any
inconsistency between the terms of the Warrant Indenture and the terms of this
Warrant Certificate, the terms of the Warrant Indenture shall prevail. Kinross
will furnish to the holder, on request and without charge, a copy of the Warrant
Indenture. Kinross has agreed, under certain circumstances specified in the
Warrant Indenture, to file a shelf prospectus in the Provinces of Ontario and
Quebec and a registration statement on Form F-10 under the Multijurisdictional
Disclosure System with the Securities Exchange Commission of the United States
relating to the Common Shares issuable on the exercise of the Warrants and use
its reasonable best efforts to keep the prospectus continuously effective for so
long as shall be necessary to permit the exercise of the Warrants (which period
shall terminate no later than the earlier of five years from December 5, 2002
(the "Effective Date") or the date on which all of the Warrants have been
exercised).

The Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate may be exercised by the
holder until 5:00 p.m. (Toronto time) on the date that is five years from the
Effective Date.

<PAGE>
                                     -iii-

On and after the date of any exercise of the Warrants evidenced by this Warrant
Certificate, the holder will have no rights hereunder except to receive
certificates representing the Common Shares thereby issued to him upon delivery
of a certified cheque or bank draft payable to Kinross in the amount of $5.00
(the "Exercise Price") in respect of each Common Share to be issued, this
Warrant Certificate and duly completed Notice of Exercise as set out on Appendix
1 to the Trustee at its principal office in Toronto, Ontario. After the Expiry
Time, all rights under any unexercised Warrant evidenced hereby will wholly
cease and terminate and this Warrant Certificate will be void.

Kinross will not be obligated to issue any fraction of a Common Share on the
exercise of any Warrant. To the extent that a holder of Warrants would otherwise
have been entitled to receive, on the exercise of the Warrants, a fraction of a
Common Share such right may only be exercised in respect of such fraction in
connection with another Warrant or Warrants which in the aggregate entitle the
holder to receive a whole number of Common Shares. If a Warrantholder is not
able to combine Warrants so as to be entitled to acquire a whole number of
Common Shares the number of Common Shares which such Warrantholder is entitled
to receive shall be rounded down to the prior whole number.

The Warrant Indenture provides for adjustments to the number of Common Shares
issuable and the Exercise Price in certain events set forth therein.

No Common Share will be issued pursuant to any Warrant if the issuance of such
security would constitute a violation of the securities laws of any applicable
jurisdiction or require Kinross to qualify or register such Common Shares in any
jurisdiction other than the Qualifying Jurisdictions.

The Warrant Indenture contains provisions making binding on all holders of
Warrants outstanding thereunder resolutions passed at meetings of such holders
held in accordance with such provisions and instruments in writing signed by
holders of a specified majority of all outstanding Warrants.

On presentation at the principal office of the Trustee in Toronto, Ontario,
subject to the provisions of the Warrant Indenture and on compliance with the
reasonable requirements of the Trustee, one or more Warrant Certificates may be
exchanged for one or more Warrant Certificates of different denominations
evidencing in the aggregate the same number of Warrants as the Warrant
Certificate or Warrant Certificates being exchanged, and such holder shall pay
the reasonable cost thereof.

The Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate may only be transferred, upon
compliance with the conditions prescribed in the Warrant Indenture, on the
register of transfers to be kept at the principal office of the Trustee in
Toronto, Ontario by the holder or his executors, administrators or other legal
representatives or his or their attorney duly appointed by an instrument in
writing in form and execution satisfactory to the Trustee, and, upon compliance
with such requirements and such other reasonable requirements as the Trustee may
prescribe, such transfer will be duly notified on such

<PAGE>
                                      -iv-

register of transfers by the Trustee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Kinross
will be entitled, and may direct the Trustee, to refuse to record any transfer
of any Warrant on such register if such transfer would constitute a violation of
the securities laws of any jurisdiction or require Kinross to qualify the Common
Shares for distribution in any jurisdiction other than the Qualifying
Jurisdictions.

The holding of this Warrant Certificate will not constitute the holder a
shareholder of Kinross or entitle him to any right or interest in respect
thereof except as otherwise provided in the Warrant Indenture.

This Warrant Certificate will not be valid for any purpose until it has been
certified by or on behalf of the Trustee for the time being under the Warrant
Indenture. Time will be of the essence hereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF Kinross has caused this Warrant Certificate to be signed by
its officer duly authorized in that behalf as of December 5, 2002.

                                       KINROSS GOLD CORPORATION

                                       By:  _______________________________
                                            Name:
                                            Title:

This Warrant Certificate is one of the Warrant Certificates referred to in the
Warrant Indenture within mentioned.

                                       COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA, AS
                                       TRUSTEE

                                       By:  _______________________________
                                               Authorized Signing Officer

                                       Date:  _____________________________

<PAGE>

                                   APPENDIX 1

                               NOTICE OF EXERCISE

To:         KINROSS GOLD CORPORATION

And To:     COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA

The undersigned holder of the Warrants evidenced by the within Warrant
Certificate hereby exercises its right to be issued Common Shares of Kinross
Gold Corporation (or such other securities or property to which such exercise
entitles him in lieu thereof or in addition thereto under the provisions of the
Warrant Indenture mentioned in such Warrant Certificate) that are issuable upon
the exercise of such Warrants, on the terms specified in such Warrant
Certificate and Warrant Indenture and in connection therewith has enclosed a
certified cheque or bank draft payable to Kinross in an amount equal to $5.00
(or price as adjusted) in respect of each Common Share to be issued.

The undersigned hereby irrevocably directs that the said Common Shares be
issued, registered and delivered as follows:

Names(s) in Full          Addresse(es)              Number(s) of Common
                                                    Shares

____________________      ____________________      ___________________________
____________________      ____________________      ___________________________

(Please print full name in which certificates for Common Shares are to be
issued. If any securities are to be issued to a person or persons other than the
holder, the holder must pay to the Trustee all exigible transfer taxes or other
government charges and sign the Form of Transfer.)

THE UNDERSIGNED HEREBY CERTIFIES THAT THE UNDERSIGNED IS NOT A U.S. PERSON OR A
PERSON IN THE UNITED STATES, AND IS NOT ACQUIRING ANY OF THE SHARES ISSUABLE
UPON THE EXERCISE OF THE WARRANTS FOR THE ACCOUNT OR BENEFIT OF A U.S. PERSON OR
A PERSON IN THE UNITED STATES, OTHER THAN THE ORIGINAL U.S. PURCHASER, AND NONE
OF THE PERSONS LISTED ABOVE IS A U.S. PERSON OR A PERSON IN THE UNITED STATES,
UNLESS SUCH PERSON IS THE ORIGINAL U.S. PURCHASER. IN ADDITION TO THIS EXERCISE
FORM, AN ORIGINAL U.S. PURCHASER MUST ALSO PROVIDE AN EXECUTED LETTER,
SUBSTANTIALLY IN THE FORM ATTACHED AS APPENDIX 4 TO THE WARRANT INDENTURE, A
COPY OF WHICH IS AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST FROM THE TRUSTEE OR KINROSS FOR PURPOSES
HEREOF "UNITED STATES" AND "U.S. PERSON" SHALL HAVE THE MEANINGS GIVEN TO SUCH
TERMS IN REGULATION S UNDER UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED
(THE "U.S. SECURITIES ACT") AND "ORIGINAL U.S. PURCHASER" MEANS EACH
INSTITUTIONAL

<PAGE>
                                      -ii-

ACCREDITED INVESTOR IN THE UNITED STATES THAT INITIALLY PURCHASED THE WARRANTS
FROM THE UNDERWRITERS (AS DEFINED IN THE PROSPECTUS).

DATED this _____________ day of ______________________ ,  __________ .

                                  )
                                  )
                                  )
________________________________  )   _________________________________________
Witness                           )   Signature of Registered Holder

                                      _________________________________________
                                      Name of Registered Holder

Note: The name of the Registered Holder on this Notice of Exercise must be the
same as the name appearing on the face page of the Warrant Certificate to which
this Appendix is attached.

[   ]   Please check if the Common Share certificates are to be delivered at the
office where this Warrant Certificate is surrendered, failing which such
certificates will be mailed.

Certificates will be delivered or mailed as soon as practicable after the due
surrender of this Warrant Certificate to which this Appendix is attached.

<PAGE>

                                   APPENDIX 2

                                FORM OF TRANSFER

FOR VALUE RECEIVED the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers to

            Name:  _____________________________

            Address:  __________________________

                      __________________________

(such person, the "Transferee") ______________________ Warrants of Kinross Gold
Corporation ("Kinross") represented by the attached Warrant Certificate and does
hereby appoint the transfer agent and registrar of Kinross as its attorney with
full power of substitution to transfer the Warrants on the appropriate register
of the Trustee.

THE UNDERSIGNED HEREBY CERTIFIES THAT THE TRANSFER OF THESE SECURITIES IS NOT
BEING MADE TO, AND THE OFFER OF THESE SECURITIES WAS NOT MADE TO, AND THE PERSON
NAMED ABOVE IS NOT, A PERSON IN THE UNITED STATES OR A U.S. PERSON (AS SUCH
TERMS ARE DEFINED IN REGULATION S UNDER THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF
1933).

DATED this _____________ day of ______________________ , __________ .

                                         )
                                         )
                                         )
________________________________________ )  ___________________________________
Witness of Transferor must be guaranteed )  Signature of Transferor

                                            ___________________________________
                                            Name of Transferor

Signature of Transferor must be
guaranteed by a Schedule 1 chartered
bank, a major Canadian trust company, a
medallion guarantee program, a member of
the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program
(SEMP) or a member of the New York Stock
Exchange Inc. Medallion Signature
Program (MSP) or in accordance with
industry standards.

<PAGE>

                             APPENDIX 2 TO INDENTURE

                              INTENTIONALLY DELETED

<PAGE>

                             APPENDIX 3 TO INDENTURE

                    FORM OF DECLARATION FOR REMOVAL OF LEGEND

TO:         Computershare Trust Company of Canada
            as registrar and transfer agent
            for Warrants and Shares of
            Kinross Gold Corporation

            100 University Avenue
            9th Floor
            Toronto, Ontario  M5J 2Y1

      The undersigned (a) acknowledges that the sale of the securities of
Kinross Gold Corporation (the "Corporation") to which this declaration relates
is being made in reliance on Rule 904 of Regulation S under the United States
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act") and (b) certifies that (1)
it is not an affiliate of the Corporation (as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933
Act), (2) the offer of such securities was not made to a person in the United
States and either (A) at the time the buy order was originated, the buyer was
outside the United States, or the seller and any person acting on its behalf
reasonably believe that the buyer was outside the United States, or (B) the
transaction was executed on or through the facilities of the Toronto Stock
Exchange or any other designated offshore securities market as defined in
Regulation S and neither the seller nor any person acting on its behalf knows
that the transaction has been prearranged with a buyer in the United States, (3)
neither the seller nor any affiliate of the seller nor any person acting on any
of their behalf has engaged or will engage in any directed selling efforts in
the United States in connection with the offer and sale of such securities, (4)
the sale is bona fide and not for the purpose of "washing off" the resale
restrictions imposed because the securities are "restricted securities" (as such
term is defined in Rule 144(a)(3) under the 1933 Act), (5) the seller does not
intend to replace the securities sold in reliance on Rule 904 of the 1933 Act
with fungible unrestricted securities and (6) the contemplated sale is not a
transaction, or part of a series of transactions which, although in technical
compliance with Regulation S, is part of a plan or scheme to evade the
registration provisions of the 1933 Act. Terms used herein have the meanings
given to them by Regulation S.

Dated: ____________________

                                    By:_____________________________________
                                       Name:
                                       Title:

<PAGE>

                             APPENDIX 4 TO INDENTURE

                           FORM OF LETTER TO BE DELIVERED BY
                   ORIGINAL U.S. PURCHASER UPON EXERCISE OF WARRANTS

Kinross Gold Corporation
Suite 5200
Scotia Plaza
40 King Street West
Toronto, Ontario  M5H 3Y2

 -  and to  -

Computershare Trust Company of Canada
  as Warrant Trustee
100 University Avenue
9th Floor
Toronto, Ontario  M5J 2Y1

Dear Sirs:

            We are delivering this letter in connection with the purchase of
common shares (the "Shares") of Kinross Gold Corporation (the "Corporation"), a
corporation existing under the laws of Ontario, upon the exercise of warrants of
the Corporation ("Warrants"), issued under the warrant indenture dated as of
December 5, 2002 between the Corporation and Computershare Trust Company of
Canada.

            We hereby confirm that:

      (a)   we are an institutional "accredited investor" within the meaning of
            Rule 501(a)(1),(2),(3), or (7) of Regulation D under the United
            States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act"), or an
            entity in which all of the equity owners are accredited investors
            within the meaning of Rule 501(a)(1), (2), (3) or (7) under the 1933
            Act;

      (b)   we are purchasing the Shares for our own account;

      (c)   we have such knowledge and experience in financial and business
            matters that we are capable of evaluating the merits and risks of
            purchasing the Shares, are able to fend for ourselves in
            transactions of this type and have the ability to bear the economic
            risks of this investment and can afford the complete loss of the
            investment;

      (d)   we are not acquiring the Shares with a view to distribution thereof
            or with any present intention of offering or selling any of the
            Shares, except (A) to the Corporation, (B) outside the United States
            in accordance with Rule 904 under the 1933 Act or (C) inside the
            United States (1) in accordance with Rule 144 under the 1933 Act, if
            applicable, or (2) pursuant to an effective registration

<PAGE>

            statement under the 1933 Act, in each case in compliance with
            applicable state securities laws;

      (e)   we acknowledge that we have had access to such financial and other
            information as we deem necessary in connection with our decision to
            purchase the Shares; and

      (f)   we acknowledge that we are not purchasing the Shares as a result of
            any general solicitation or general advertising, including
            advertisements, articles, notices or other communications published
            in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over radio,
            television, or any seminar or meeting whose attendees have been
            invited by general solicitation or general advertising.

      We understand that the Shares are being offered in a transaction not
involving any public offering within the United States within the meaning of
1933 Act and that the Shares have not been registered under the 1933 Act. We
further understand that any Shares acquired by us will be in the form of
definitive physical certificates and that such certificates will bear a legend
reflecting the substance of paragraph (d) above.

      We acknowledge that you will rely upon our confirmations, acknowledgements
and agreements set forth herein, and we agree to notify you promptly in writing
if any of our representations or warranties herein ceases to be accurate or
complete.

                                    ___________________________________________
                                    (Name of Purchaser)

                                    By: _______________________________________
                                        Name:
                                        Title:

                                        Address:

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