Document:

Exhibit 4.18

     

    DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES

     

    REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES

     

    EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

     

    The following is a summary of the material terms of our securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
      amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of March 22, 2022. The following description of the terms of our common shares is not meant to be complete and is qualified by reference to our articles of association (“articles of association”), which is
      incorporated by reference as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 20-F, of which this exhibit is a part. We encourage you to read our articles of association and the applicable provisions of Swiss law for additional information.

     

    The Company

     

    We are a Swiss stock corporation (société anonyme) organized under the laws of Switzerland. We were formed as a
      Swiss limited liability company (société à responsabilité limitée) on February 13, 2003 with our registered office and domicile in Basel, Switzerland. We converted to a Swiss stock corporation (société anonyme) under the laws of Switzerland on August 4, 2003. Our domicile and registered office is in Ecublens, near Lausanne, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Our head office is currently located at EPFL
      Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

     

    Share Capital

     

    As of March 22, 2022, our issued share capital is CHF 1,792,702.30, consisting of 89,635,115 common shares with a nominal value of CHF 0.02 each. We have no
      dividend rights certificates (bons de jouissance).

     

    Articles of Association

     

    On March 7, 2022, we adopted the articles of association and when we refer to our articles of association, we refer to the articles of association as filed
      as Exhibit 3.1 to our Annual Report on Form 20-F.

     

    Purpose

     

    Under our articles of association, our purpose is the research, study, development, manufacture, promotion, sale and marketing of products and substances
      within the pharmaceutical and nutrition industry as well as the purchase, sale and exploitation of patents and licenses in this field. We may engage in any activities which are apt to favor our purpose directly or indirectly. We may also acquire and
      sell real estate. We may open branch offices in Switzerland and abroad and may also acquire participations in other companies. We may provide securities to our subsidiaries and supply guarantees.

     

    Ordinary Capital Increase, Authorized and Conditional Share Capital

     

    Under Swiss law, we may increase our share capital (capital-actions) with a resolution of the general meeting of
      shareholders (ordinary capital increase) that must be carried out by the board of directors within three months of the general meeting of shareholders in order to become effective. Under our articles of association, in the case of an increase of
      capital against payment of contributions in cash, a resolution passed by a simple majority of the votes cast at the general meeting of shareholders regardless of abstentions and empty or invalid votes is required. In the case of the limitation or
      withdrawal of subscription rights or in the case of an increase of capital out of equity, against contribution in kind, or for the purpose of acquisition of assets and the granting of special benefits, a resolution passed by at least two-thirds of
      the shares represented at a general meeting of shareholders and the absolute majority of the nominal amount of the shares represented is required.

     

    Furthermore, under the Swiss Code of Obligations, the CO, our shareholders, by a resolution passed by at least two-thirds of the shares represented at a
      general meeting of shareholders and the absolute majority of the nominal amount of the shares represented, may empower our board of directors to issue shares of a specific aggregate nominal amount up to a maximum of 50% of the share capital in the
      form of:

     

    
      
        

    

    	

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            conditional capital (capital conditionnel) for the purpose of issuing shares in connection with, among other things, (i) the
              exercise of conversion and/or option or warrant rights granted in connection with bonds or similar instruments, issued or to be issued by the Company or by one of our subsidiaries or (ii) the exercise of option rights granted to employees of
              the Company or a subsidiary, members of our board of directors or any consultant of the Company, or other persons providing services to the Company or a subsidiary; or

          

    	

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            authorized capital (capital-actions autorisé) to be utilized by the board of directors within a period determined by the
              shareholders but not exceeding two years from the date of the shareholder approval.

          

     

    Pre-Emptive Rights

     

    Pursuant to the CO, shareholders have in principle pre-emptive subscription rights (droit préférentiel de souscription).
      With respect to conditional capital in connection with the issuance of conversion rights, convertible bonds or similar debt instruments, shareholders have in principle advance subscription rights (droit de souscrire
        préalablement).

     

    A resolution passed at a general meeting of shareholders by at least two-thirds of the shares represented and the absolute majority of the nominal value of
      the shares represented may authorize our board of directors to withdraw or limit pre-emptive subscription rights or advance subscription rights in certain circumstances.

     

    If pre-emptive subscription rights are granted, but not exercised, the board of directors may allocate the non-exercised pre-emptive subscription rights as
      it elects but has to follow the principle of equal treatment of the shareholders.

     

    Our Authorized Share Capital

     

    We currently have no authorized share capital.

     

    Our Conditional Share Capital

     

    Conditional Share Capital for Bonds and Similar Debt Instruments

     

    Under Article 3b of our articles of association, our share capital may be increased by a maximum aggregate amount of CHF 31,028.26 through the issue of a
      maximum of 1,551,413 common shares, payable in full, each with a nominal value of CHF 0.02, through the exercise of conversion and/or option or warrant rights granted in connection with bonds or similar instruments, issued or to be issued by the
      Company or by one of our subsidiaries, including convertible debt instruments. Shareholders do not have pre-emptive subscription rights in such circumstances.

     

    Shareholders’ subscription rights are excluded. Shareholders’ advance subscription rights with regards to new bonds or similar instruments may be restricted
      or excluded by decision of the board of directors in order to finance or re-finance the acquisition of companies or holdings, or new investments planned by the Company, or in order to issue convertible bonds and warrants on the international capital
      markets or through private placement. If advance subscription rights are excluded, then (i) the instruments are to be placed at market conditions; (ii) the exercise period is not to exceed ten years from the date of issue for warrants and twenty
      years for conversion rights; and (iii) the conversion or exercise price for the new shares is to be set at least in line with the market conditions prevailing at the date on which the instruments are issued. The respective holders of conversion
      and/or option or warrant rights are entitled to subscribe the new shares.

     

    Conditional Share Capital for Employee Benefit Plans

     

    Under Article 3c of our articles of association, our share capital may, to the exclusion of the pre-emptive subscription rights of shareholders, be increased
      by a maximum aggregate amount of CHF 61,533.68 through the issue of a maximum of 3,076,684 common shares, payable in full, each with a nominal value of CHF 0.02, in connection with the exercise of option rights granted to employees of the Company or
      one of our subsidiaries, members of the board of directors or any consultant, or other persons providing services to the Company or one of our subsidiaries. The board of directors specifies the precise conditions of issue including the issue price of
      the shares.

     

    
      
        

    

    Uncertificated Securities

     

    Our shares are uncertificated securities (droits-valeurs, within the meaning of Article 973c of the CO) and, when
      administered by a financial intermediary (dépositaire, within the meaning of the Federal Act on Intermediated Securities, “FISA”), qualify as intermediated securities (titres
        intermédiés, within the meaning of the FISA). In accordance with Article 973c of the CO, we maintain a non-public register of uncertificated securities (registre des droits-valeurs). We may at any
      time convert uncertificated securities into share certificates (including global certificates), one kind of certificate into another, or share certificates (including global certificates) into uncertificated securities. Following entry in our share
      register, a shareholder may at any time request from us a written confirmation in respect of the shares held by such shareholder, as reflected in the share register.

     

    General Meeting of Shareholders

     

    Ordinary/Extraordinary Meetings, Powers

     

    The general meeting of shareholders is our supreme corporate body. Under Swiss law, ordinary and extraordinary general meetings of shareholders may be held.
      Under Swiss law, an ordinary general meeting of shareholders must be held annually within six months after the end of a Company’s financial year. In our case, this generally means on or before June 30.

     

    The following powers are vested exclusively in the general meeting of shareholders:

     

    	

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            adopting and amending the articles of association, including change of a company’s purpose or domicile;

          

    	

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            electing and removal of the members of the board of directors, the chairman of the board of directors, the members of the compensation committee, the auditors and the
              independent proxy;

          

    	

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            approving the management report and the consolidated accounts;

          

    	

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            approving the annual accounts and resolutions on the allocation of the disposable profits, and in particular setting the dividend and bonus payments;

          

    	

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            approving the aggregated amounts of compensation of members of the board of directors and executive management;

          

    	

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            discharging the members of the board of directors and executive management from liability with respect to their tenure in the previous financial year;

          

    	

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            dissolving a company with or without liquidation; and

          

    	

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            passing resolutions concerning all matters which are reserved to the authority of the general meeting of shareholders by law or by the articles of association.

          

     

    An extraordinary general meeting of shareholders may be called by a resolution of the general meeting, the board of directors or, under certain
      circumstances, by a company’s auditor, liquidator or the representatives of convertible bond holders, if any. In addition, the board of directors is required to convene an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders if shareholders representing at
      least 10% of the share capital request such general meeting of shareholders in writing. Such request must set forth the items to be discussed and the proposals to be acted upon. The board of directors must convene an extraordinary general meeting of
      shareholders and propose financial restructuring measures if, based on a company’s stand-alone annual statutory balance sheet, half of the share capital and reserves are not covered by its assets.

     

    Voting and Quorum Requirements

     

    Shareholder resolutions and elections (including elections of members of the board of directors) require the affirmative vote of the simple majority of the
      votes cast at the general meeting of shareholders regardless of abstentions or empty or invalid votes, unless statutory law or the articles of association state otherwise.

     

    
      
        

    

    A resolution of the general meeting of the shareholders passed by at least two-thirds of the shares represented at the meeting, and the absolute majority of
      the nominal value of the shares represented is required for:

     

    	

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            amending a company’s corporate purpose;

          

    	

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            creating shares with privileged voting rights;

          

    	

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            restricting the transferability of common shares;

          

    	

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            creating authorized or conditional share capital or an increase subject to a condition;

          

    	

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            increasing the share capital out of equity, against contributions in-kind or for the purpose of acquiring assets and granting of special benefits;

          

    	

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            limiting or withdrawing shareholder’s  subscription rights;

          

    	

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            changing a company’s domicile;

          

    	

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            alleviating or withdrawing of restrictions upon the transfer of common shares;

          

    	

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            converting common shares into bearer shares and vice versa;

          

    	

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            dissolving or liquidating a company; and

          

    	

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            amending or eliminating article 4, 29 as well as article 17 of the articles of association.

          

     

    The same voting requirements apply, subject to mandatory law, to resolutions regarding transactions among corporations (including a merger, demerger or
      conversion of a corporation) based on Switzerland’s Federal Act on Mergers, Demergers, Transformations and Transfer of Assets, or the Merger Act, see “—Compulsory Acquisitions; Appraisal Rights.”

     

    In accordance with Swiss law and generally accepted business practices, our articles of association do not provide quorum requirements generally applicable
      to general meetings of shareholders. To this extent, our practice varies from the requirement of NASDAQ Listing Rule 5620(c), which requires an issuer to provide in its bylaws for a generally applicable quorum, and that such quorum may not be less
      than one-third of the outstanding voting stock.

     

    Notice

     

    General meetings of shareholders must be convened by the board of directors or, if necessary, by the auditors at least 20 days before the date of the
      meeting. The general meeting of shareholders is convened by way of a notice appearing in our official publication medium, currently the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce. Registered shareholders may also be informed by ordinary mail or e-mail. The
      notice of a general meeting of shareholders must state the items on the agenda, the proposals to be acted upon and, in case of elections, the names of the nominated candidates. Except in the limited circumstances listed below, a resolution may not be
      passed at a general meeting without proper notice. This limitation does not apply to proposals to convene an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders or to initiate a special investigation. No previous notification is required for proposals
      concerning items included in the agenda or for debates that do not result in a vote.

     

    All of the owners or representatives of our shares may, if no objection is raised, hold a general meeting of shareholders without complying with the formal
      requirements for convening general meetings of shareholders (a universal meeting). This universal meeting of shareholders may discuss and pass binding resolutions on all matters within the purview of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders,
      provided that the owners or representatives of all the shares are present at the meeting.

     

    Agenda Requests

     

    Pursuant to Swiss law, one or more shareholders, whose combined shareholdings represent the lower of (i) at least one tenth of the share capital or (ii) an
      aggregate nominal value of at least CHF 1,000,000, may request that an item be included in the agenda for an ordinary general meeting of shareholders. A request for inclusion of an item on the agenda must in principle be requested in writing
      delivered to or mailed and received at the registered office of the Company at least 120 calendar days before the first anniversary of the date that the Company’s proxy statement was released to shareholders in connection with the previous year’s
      ordinary general meeting of shareholders. The request must contain, for each of the agenda items, the following information:

     

    
      
        

    

    	

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            a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the ordinary general meeting of shareholders and the reasons for conducting such business at the
              ordinary general meeting of shareholders;

          

    	

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            the name and address, as they appear in our share register, of the shareholder proposing such business;

          

    	

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            the number of shares of the Company which are beneficially owned by such shareholder;

          

    	

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            the dates upon which the shareholder acquired such shares;

          

    	

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            documentary support for any claim of beneficial ownership;

          

    	

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            any material interest of such shareholder in such business; and

          

    	

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            a statement in support of the matter and, for proposals sought to be included in the Company’s proxy statement, any other information required by Securities and
              Exchange Commission Rule 14a-8.

          

     

    In addition, if the shareholder intends to solicit proxies from the shareholders of the Company, such shareholder shall notify the Company of this intent in
      accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 14a-4 and/or Rule 14a-8.

     

    Our annual business report, the compensation report and the auditor’s report must be made available for inspection by the shareholders at our registered
      office no later than 20 days prior to the general meeting of shareholders. Shareholders of record may be notified of this in writing.

     

    Voting Rights

     

    Each of our shares entitles its holder to one vote, regardless of its nominal value. The shares are not divisible. The right to vote and the other rights of
      share ownership may only be exercised by shareholders (including any nominees) or usufructuaries who are entered in our share register at cut-off date determined by the board of directors. Those entitled to vote in the general meeting of shareholders
      may be represented by the independent proxy holder (annually elected by the general meeting of shareholders), another registered shareholder or third person with written authorization to act as proxy or the shareholder’s legal representative. The
      requirements regarding proxies and instructions are determined by the board of directors.

     

    Our articles of association state that no individual or legal entity may, directly or indirectly, formally, constructively or beneficially own or otherwise
      control voting rights (“Controlled Shares”) with respect to 33 1∕3% or more of the registered share capital recorded in the Commercial Register except if such individual or legal entity submits prior to the acquisition of such Controlled Shares an
      orderly tender offer to all shareholders with a minimum price of the higher of (i) the volume weighted average price of the last 60 trading days prior to the publication of the tender offer or (ii) the highest price paid by such individual or legal
      entity in the 12 months preceding to the publication of the tender offer. Those associated through capital, voting power, joint management or in any other way, or joining for the acquisition of shares, will be regarded as one person. The common
      shares exceeding the limit of 33 1/3% and not benefitting from the exemption regarding a tender offer will be entered in our share registered as shares without voting rights. The board of directors may in special cases approve exceptions to the above
      regulations. Additional voting caps apply to shareholders acquiring shares for other persons (nominees).

     

    Dividends and Other Distributions

     

    Our board of directors may propose to shareholders that a dividend or other distribution be paid but cannot itself authorize the distribution. Dividend
      payments require a resolution passed by a simple majority of the votes cast at a general meeting of shareholders regardless of abstentions or empty or invalid votes. In addition, our auditors must confirm that the dividend proposal of our board of
      directors conforms to Swiss statutory law and our articles of association.

     

    Under Swiss law, we may pay dividends only from the disposable profit and from reserves formed for this purpose, each as evidenced by our audited stand-alone
      statutory balance sheet prepared pursuant to Swiss law, and after allocations to reserves required by Swiss law and the articles of association have been deducted. We are not permitted to pay interim dividends out of profit of the current business
      year.

     

    Distributable reserves are generally booked either as “free reserves” (réserves libres) or as “reserve from capital
      contributions” (apports de capital). Under the CO, if our general reserves (réserve générale) amount to less than 20% of our share capital recorded in the Commercial
      Register (i.e., 20% of the aggregate nominal value of our issued capital), then at least 5% of our annual profit must be retained as general reserves. The CO permits us to accrue additional general reserves. Further, a purchase of our own shares
      (whether by us or a subsidiary) reduces the distributable reserves in an amount corresponding to the purchase price of such own shares. Finally, the CO under certain circumstances requires the creation of revaluation reserves which are not
      distributable.

     

    
      
        

    

    Distributions out of issued share capital (i.e. the aggregate nominal value of our issued shares) are not allowed and may be made only by way of a share
      capital reduction. Such a capital reduction requires a resolution passed by a simple majority of the votes cast at a general meeting of shareholders regardless of abstentions or empty or invalid votes. The resolution of the shareholders must be
      recorded in a public deed and a special audit report must confirm that claims of our creditors remain fully covered despite the reduction in the share capital recorded in the Commercial Register. The share capital may be reduced below CHF 100,000
      only if and to the extent that at the same time the statutory minimum share capital of CHF 100,000 is reestablished by sufficient new fully paid-up capital. Upon approval by the general meeting of shareholders of the capital reduction, the board of
      directors must give public notice of the capital reduction resolution in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce three times and notify creditors that they may request, within two months of the third publication, satisfaction of or security for their
      claims. The reduction of the share capital may be implemented only after expiration of this time limit.

     

    Our board of directors determines the date on which the dividend entitlement starts. Dividends are usually due and payable shortly after the shareholders
      have passed the resolution approving the payment, but shareholders may also resolve at the ordinary general meeting of shareholders to pay dividends in quarterly or other installments.

     

    Transfer of Shares

     

    Shares in uncertificated form (droits-valeurs) may only be transferred by way of assignment. Shares that constitute
      intermediated securities (titres intermédiés) may only be transferred when a credit of the relevant intermediated securities to the acquirer’s securities account is made in accordance with the relevant
      provisions of the FISA. Article 5 of our articles of association provides that the transfer of intermediated securities and the pledging of these intermediated securities are based on the provisions of the FISA and that transfer of propriety as
      collateral by means of written assignment are not permitted.

     

    Voting rights may be exercised only after a shareholder (or usufructuaries) has been entered in our share register (registre
        des actions) with his or her name, first name and address (in the case of legal entities, the registered office) as a shareholder with voting rights. Our articles of association state that no individual or legal entity may, directly or
      indirectly, formally, constructively or beneficially own or otherwise control voting rights (“Controlled Shares”) with respect to 33 1∕3% or more of the registered share capital recorded in the Commercial Register except if such individual or legal
      entity submits prior to the acquisition of such Controlled Shares an orderly tender offer to all shareholders with a minimum price of the higher of (i) the volume weighted average price of the last 60 trading days prior to the publication of the
      tender offer or (ii) the highest price paid by such individual or legal entity in the 12 months preceding to the publication of the tender offer. Those associated through capital, voting power, joint management or in any other way, or joining for the
      acquisition of shares, will be regarded as one person. The common shares exceeding the limit of 33 1/3% and not benefitting from the exemption regarding a tender offer will be entered in our share registered as shares without voting rights.

     

    Additional voting caps apply to shareholders acquiring shares for other persons (nominees).

     

    Inspection of Books and Records

     

    Under the CO, a shareholder has a right to inspect our share register with respect to his own shares and otherwise to the extent necessary to exercise his
      shareholder rights. No other person has a right to inspect our share register. Our books and correspondence may be inspected with the express authorization of the general meeting of shareholders or by resolution of the board of directors and subject
      to the safeguarding of our business secrets.

     

    Special Investigation

     

    If the shareholders’ inspection rights as outlined above prove to be insufficient in the judgment of the shareholder, any shareholder may propose to the
      general meeting of shareholders that specific facts be examined by a special commissioner in a special investigation. If the general meeting of shareholders approves the proposal, we or any shareholder may, within 30 calendar days after the general
      meeting of shareholders, request the competent court sitting in Lausanne, Switzerland, our registered office, to appoint a special commissioner. If the general meeting of shareholders rejects the request, one or more shareholders representing at
      least 10 percent of the share capital or holders of shares in an aggregate nominal value of at least CHF 2,000,000 may request that the court appoint a special commissioner. The court will issue such an order if the petitioners can demonstrate that
      the board of directors, any member of the board of directors or our executive management infringed the law or our articles of association and thereby caused damages to the Company or the shareholders. The costs of the investigation would generally be
      allocated to us and only in exceptional cases to the petitioners.

     

    
      
        

    

    Compulsory Acquisitions; Appraisal Rights

     

    Business combinations and other similar transactions (i.e. mergers, demergers, transformations and certain asset transfers) that are governed by the Swiss
      Merger Act are, if approved in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Swiss Merger Act, binding on all shareholders of the involved companies. A statutory merger or demerger requires approval by at least two-thirds of the shares represented
      at a general meeting of shareholders and the absolute majority of the nominal value of the shares represented. If the merger agreement provides, however, only for a compensation payment, or in the event of an asymmetrical demerger, at least 90
      percent of all shareholders of the transferring company who are entitled to vote must approve the merger agreement and the asymmetrical demerger, respectively.

     

    Swiss corporations may be acquired by an acquirer through the direct acquisition of shares of the Swiss corporation. The Swiss Merger Act provides for the
      possibility of a so-called “cash-out” or “squeeze-out” merger if the acquirer controls 90% of the outstanding shares. If such a squeeze-out merger under the Swiss Merger Act occurs, a minority shareholder subject to the squeeze-out merger could seek
      to claim, within two months of the publication of the squeeze-out merger, that the consideration offered is “inadequate” and petition a Swiss competent court to determine what “adequate” consideration is.

     

    In addition, under Swiss law, the sale of “all or substantially all of our assets” by us may require the approval of at least two-thirds of the number of
      shares represented at a general meeting shareholders and the absolute majority of the nominal value of the shares represented. Whether a shareholder resolution is required depends on the particular transaction, including whether the following test is
      satisfied:

     

    	

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            a core part of our business is sold without which it is economically impracticable or unreasonable to continue to operate the remaining business;

          

    	

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            our assets, after the divestment, are not invested in accordance with our statutory business purpose; and

          

    	

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            the proceeds of the divestment are not earmarked for reinvestment in accordance with our business purpose but, instead, are intended for distribution to our
              shareholders or for financial investments unrelated to our business.

          

     

    If in a merger, demerger or transformation, equity or shareholder rights are not adequately preserved or the compensation paid is unreasonable, within two
      months after the publication of the merger, demerger or transformation resolution, each shareholder may demand that the competent court determines what is a reasonable amount of compensation. The decision of the court is legally binding on all
      shareholders of the company involved, provided that they are in the same legal position as the plaintiff. The costs of proceedings shall be borne by the acquiring company. If the particular circumstances justify it, the court may decide that the
      plaintiff shall bear all or part of the cost. An action to obtain a review of the protection of equity or shareholder rights does not affect the legal validity of the merger, demerger or transformation resolution.

     

    Board of Directors

     

    Our articles of association provide that the board of directors shall consist of at least three and not more than nine members.

     

    The members of the board of directors and the chairman are elected annually by the general meeting of shareholders for a period until the completion of the
      subsequent ordinary general meeting of shareholders and are eligible for re-election. Each member of the board of directors must be elected individually.

     

    
      
        

    

    Powers

     

    The board of directors has the following non-delegable and inalienable powers and duties:

     

    	

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            the overall management of the Company and the issuing of all necessary directives;

          

    	

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            the determination of the Company’s organization;

          

    	

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            the organization of the accounting, financial control and financial planning systems are required for management of the Company;

          

    	

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            the appointment and dismissal of persons entrusted with managing and representing the Company;

          

    	

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            the overall supervision of the persons entrusted with managing the Company, in particular with regard to compliance with the law, articles of association, operational
              regulations and directives;

          

    	

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            the compilation of the annual report, and the preparation for the general meeting of shareholders and implementing its resolutions;

          

    	

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            the preparation of the compensation report and to request approval by the general meeting of shareholders regarding the compensation of the board of directors and the
              executive committee; and

          

    	

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            the notification of the court in the event that the Company is over-indebted.

          

     

    The board of directors may assign responsibility for preparing and implementing its resolutions or monitoring transactions to committees or individual
      members. It must ensure appropriate reporting to its members. Furthermore, the board of directors may, while retaining such non-delegable and inalienable powers and duties, delegate, in part or entirely, the management and the representation of the
      Company, within the limits of the law, to a one or more individual directors (Delegates) or to third parties pursuant to the organizational regulations issued by the board of directors.

     

    Pursuant to Swiss law and Article 25 of our articles of association, details of the delegation and other procedural rules such as quorum requirements must be
      set in the organizational rules issued by the board of directors.

     

    The board of directors assigns the persons with signatory power for the Company and the kind of signatory power.

     

    Indemnification of Executive Management and Directors

     

    Subject to Swiss law, Article 29 of our articles of association provides for indemnification of the current and former members of the board of directors,
      executive management and their heirs, executors and administrators, against liabilities arising in connection with the performance of their duties in such capacity, and permits us to advance the expenses of defending any act, suit or proceeding to
      our directors and members of the executive management.

     

    In addition, under general principles of Swiss employment law, an employer may be required to indemnify an employee against losses and expenses incurred by
      such employee in the proper execution of their duties under the employment agreement with the employer.

     

    Conflict of Interest, Management Transactions

     

    Swiss law does not have a general provision regarding conflicts of interest. However, the CO contains a provision that requires our directors and the members
      of the executive management to safeguard the Company’s interests and imposes a duty of loyalty and duty of care on our directors and the members of the executive management. This rule is generally understood to disqualify directors and members of the
      executive management from participating in decisions that directly affect them. Our directors and executive officers are personally liable to us for any breach of these provisions. In addition, Swiss law contains provisions under which directors and
      all persons engaged in the Company’s management are liable to the Company, each shareholder and the Company’s creditors for damages caused by an intentional or negligent violation of their duties. Furthermore, Swiss law contains a provision under
      which payments made to any of the Company’s shareholders or directors or any person associated with any such shareholder or director, other than payments made at arm’s length, must be repaid to the Company if such shareholder or director acted in bad
      faith.

     

    
      
        

    

    Our board of directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that covers a broad range of matters, including the handling of conflicts of
      interest.

     

    Principles of the Compensation of the Board of Directors and the Executive Management

     

    Pursuant to Swiss law, our shareholders must annually approve the compensation of the board of directors and the persons whom the board of directors has,
      fully or partially, entrusted with the management of the Company. The board of directors must issue, on an annual basis, a written compensation report that must be reviewed together with a report on our business by our auditor. The compensation
      report must disclose all compensation (as defined in section 14 of the Swiss Ordinance against Excessive Compensation in Listed Companies) granted by the Company, directly or indirectly, to current members of the board of directors and executive
      management as well as to former members of the board of directors and executive management but in the latter case only to the extent if such compensation is related to their former role within the Company or if such compensation is not on customary
      market terms.

     

    The disclosure concerning compensation must in particular include the aggregate amount for the board of directors and the aggregate amount for the executive
      management, as well as the particular amount of compensation for each member of the board of directors and the highest paid member of the executive management, specifying the name and function of each person.

     

    Certain forms of compensation are prohibited for members of our board of directors and executive management, such as:

     

    	

          	•	
            severance payments provided for either contractually or in the articles of association (compensation due until the termination of a contractual relationship does not
              qualify as severance payment);

          

    	

          	•	
            advance compensation;

          

    	

          	•	
            incentive fees for the acquisition or transfer of corporations, or parts thereof, by the Company or by companies being, directly or indirectly, controlled by the us;

          

    	

          	•	
            loans, other forms of indebtedness, pension benefits not based on occupational pension schemes and performance-based compensation not provided for in the articles of
              association; and

          

    	

          	•	
            equity securities and conversion and option rights awards not provided for in the articles of association.

          

     

    Compensation to members of the board of directors and executive management for activities in entities that are, directly or indirectly, controlled by the
      Company is prohibited if the compensation (i) would have been prohibited if it was paid directly by the Company, (ii) is not provided for in the articles of association or (iii) has not been approved by the general meeting of shareholders.

     

    The general meeting of shareholders annually votes on the proposals of the board of directors with respect to:

     

    	

          	•	
            the maximum aggregate amount of non-performance-related compensation of the board of directors for the next term of office;

          

    	

          	•	
            the maximum aggregate amount of a possible additional compensation of the board of directors for the preceding business year;

          

    	

          	•	
            the maximum aggregate amount of non-performance-related compensation of the executive management for the 12-month period starting on 1 July following the ordinary
              general meeting of shareholders;

          

    	

          	•	
            the maximum aggregate amount of variable compensation for the executive management for the current year; and

          

    	

          	•	
            the maximum aggregate amount of options or shares in the Company granted to the board of directors and the executive management.

          

     

    The respective total compensation amounts include social security and occupational pension contributions for the benefit of the members of the board of
      directors, the executive management and the Company.

     

    If the general meeting of shareholders refuses to approve a respective motion by the board of directors, the board of directors may either submit a new
      motion at the same meeting or determine a maximum total remuneration or several maximum partial remunerations, subject to the relevant principles of the compensation, or submit a new motion to the next general meeting of shareholders for approval.

     

    
      
        

    

    In addition to fixed compensation, members of the executive management may be paid in cash a variable compensation, depending on the achievement of certain
      performance criteria. The performance criteria may include individual targets, targets of the Company or parts thereof and targets in relation to the market, other companies or comparable benchmarks, taking into account the position and level of
      responsibility of the recipient of the variable compensation. The board of directors or, where delegated to it, the compensation committee determines the relative weight of the performance criteria and the respective target values.

     

    Compensation may be paid in cash or granted in form of options or shares in the Company. The board of directors or, to the extent delegated to it, the
      compensation committee determines grant, vesting, exercise and forfeiture conditions.

     

    Borrowing Powers

     

    Neither Swiss law nor our articles of association restrict in any way our power to borrow and raise funds. The decision to borrow funds is made by or under
      the direction of our board of directors, and no approval by the shareholders is required in relation to any such borrowing.

     

    Repurchases of Shares and Purchases of Own Shares

     

    The CO limits our right to purchase and hold our own shares. We and our subsidiaries may purchase shares only if and to the extent that (i) we have freely
      distributable reserves in the amount of the purchase price; and (ii) the aggregate nominal value of all shares held by us does not exceed 10 percent of our share capital. Pursuant to Swiss law, where shares are acquired in connection with a transfer
      restriction set out in the articles of association, the foregoing upper limit is 20 percent. If we own shares that exceed the threshold of 10 percent of our share capital, the excess must be sold or cancelled by means of a capital reduction within
      two years.

     

    We currently hold 6,221,617 fully paid up common shares of par value CHF 0.02 each, as treasury shares.

     

    Shares of the Company held by us or our subsidiaries are not entitled to vote at the general meeting of shareholders but are entitled to the economic
      benefits applicable to the shares generally, including dividends and pre-emptive subscription rights in the case of share capital increases.

     

    In addition, selective share repurchases are only permitted under certain circumstances. Within these limitations, as is customary for Swiss corporations, we
      may purchase and sell our own shares from time to time in order to meet imbalances of supply and demand, to provide liquidity and to even out variances in the market price of shares.

     

    Notification and Disclosure of Substantial Share Interests

     

    The disclosure obligations generally applicable to shareholders of Swiss corporations under the Swiss Financial Market Infrastructure Act, FinMIA, do not
      apply to us since our shares are not listed on a Swiss stock exchange.

     

    Pursuant to Article 663c of the CO, Swiss corporations whose shares are listed on a stock exchange must disclose their significant shareholders and their
      shareholdings in the notes to their balance sheet, where this information is known or ought to be known. Significant shareholders are defined as shareholders and groups of shareholders linked through voting rights who hold more than five percent of
      all voting rights.

     

    Stock Exchange Listing

     

    Our common shares are listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “ACIU.”

     

    Transfer Agent and Registrar of Shares

     

    Computershare Trust Company, N.A. acts as transfer agent and registrar for our common shares. The share register reflects only record owners of our shares.
      Swiss law does not recognize fractional share interests.The Alkaline Water Company Inc.: Exhibit 4.2 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

    

    FORM OF INDENTURE RELATING TO SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES

    EXHIBIT 4.2

     

     

    THE ALKALINE WATER COMPANY INC.

    SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES

    INDENTURE

    Dated as of ♦

    ♦,

    Trustee

    

    THE ALKALINE WATER COMPANY INC.

    Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 
and Indenture, dated as of ♦

    	
                Trust Indenture Act Section

            	
                 

            	
                Indenture Section

            
	
                §310

            	
                (a)(1)

            	
                6.7(a)

            
	
                 

            	
                (a)(2)

            	
                6.7(a)

            
	
                 

            	
                (b)

            	
                6.8

            
	
                §312

            	
                (c)

            	
                7.1

            
	
                §314

            	
                (a)

            	
                7.3

            
	
                 

            	
                (a)(4)

            	
                10.4

            
	
                 

            	
                (c)(1)

            	
                1.2

            
	
                 

            	
                (c)(2)

            	
                1.2

            
	
                 

            	
                (e)

            	
                1.2

            
	
                §315

            	
                (b)

            	
                6.1

            
	
                §316

            	
                (a)(last sentence)

            	
                1.1 ("Outstanding")

            
	
                 

            	
                (a)(1)(A)

            	
                5.2, 5.12

            
	
                 

            	
                (a)(1)(B)

            	
                5.13

            
	
                 

            	
                (b)

            	
                5.8

            
	
                 

            	
                (c)

            	
                1.4(e)

            
	
                §317

            	
                (a)(1)

            	
                5.3

            
	
                 

            	
                (a)(2)

            	
                5.4

            
	
                 

            	
                (b)

            	
                10.3

            
	
                §318

            	
                (a)

            	
                1.11

            

    Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.

    

    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    	ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION	1
	1.1 Definitions	1
	1.2 Compliance Certificates and Opinions	8
	1.3 Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee	8
	1.4 Acts of Holders	9
	1.5 Notices, etc. to Trustee and Company	10
	1.6 Notice to Holders; Waiver	10
	1.7 Effect of Headings and Table of Contents	10
	1.8 Successors and Assigns	10
	1.9 Separability Clause	10
	1.10 Benefits of Indenture	11
	1.11 Governing Law	11
	1.12 Legal Holidays	11
	1.13 Agent for Service; Submission to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Immunities	11
	1.14       Incorporators, Shareholders, Officers and Directors of the Company Exempt from Individual Liability	11
	1.15 Waiver of Jury Trial	11
	1.16 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act	12
	 	 
	ARTICLE 2 SECURITY FORMS	12
	2.1 Forms Generally	12
	2.2 Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication	12
	2.3 Securities Issuable in Global Form	12
	 	 
	ARTICLE 3 THE SECURITIES	13
	3.1 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series	13
	3.2 Denominations	16
	3.3 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating	16
	3.4 Temporary Securities	17
	3.5 Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange	18
	3.6 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities	19
	3.7 Payment of Principal and Interest; Interest Rights Preserved; Optional Interest Reset	20
	3.8 Optional Extension of Stated Maturity	22
	3.9 Persons Deemed Owners	23
	3.10 Cancellation	23
	3.11 Computation of Interest	23
	3.12 CUSIP Numbers	23
	 	 
	ARTICLE 4 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE	24
	4.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture	24
	4.2 Application of Trust Money	25
	 	 
	ARTICLE 5 REMEDIES	25
	5.1 Events of Default	25
	5.2 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment	26
	5.3 Collection of Debt and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee	27

     

    

    - ii -

    	5.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	28
	5.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities	28
	5.6 Application of Money Collected	28
	5.7 Limitation on Suits	29
	5.8 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest	29
	5.9 Restoration of Rights and Remedies	29
	5.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative	30
	5.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver	30
	5.12 Control by Holders	30
	5.13 Waiver of Past Defaults	30
	5.14 Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws	31
	5.15 Undertaking for Costs	31
	 	 
	ARTICLE 6 THE TRUSTEE	31
	6.1 Notice of Defaults	31
	6.2 Certain Rights of Trustee	31
	6.3 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities	32
	6.4 May Hold Securities	33
	6.5 Money Held in Trust	33
	6.6 Compensation and Reimbursement	33
	6.7 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility; Conflicting Interests	33
	6.8 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor	34
	6.9 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor	35
	6.10 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business	36
	6.11 Appointment of Authenticating Agent	36
	 	 
	ARTICLE 7 HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY	37
	7.1 Disclosure of Names and Addresses of Holders	37
	7.2 Reports by Trustee	37
	7.3 Reports by Company	38
	 	 
	ARTICLE 8 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE	38
	8.1 Company May Consolidate, etc., Only on Certain Terms	38
	8.2 Successor Person Substituted	39
	 	 
	ARTICLE 9 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	40
	9.1 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders	40
	9.2 Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders	41
	9.3 Execution of Supplemental Indentures	42
	9.4 Effect of Supplemental Indentures	42
	9.5 Conformity with Trust Indenture Act	42
	9.6 Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures	42
	9.7 Notice of Supplemental Indentures	42
	 	 
	ARTICLE 10 COVENANTS	42
	10.1 Payment of Principal, Premium, if any, and Interest	42
	10.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency	42
	10.3 Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust	43
	10.4 Statement as to Compliance	44

    

    

    - iii -

    	10.5 Additional Amounts	44
	10.6 Corporate Existence	45
	10.7 Waiver of Certain Covenants	45
	10.8 Calculation of Original Issue Discount	45
	 	 
	ARTICLE 11 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES	45
	11.1 Applicability of Article	45
	11.2 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee	45
	11.3 Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed	45
	11.4 Notice of Redemption	46
	11.5 Deposit of Redemption Price	46
	11.6 Securities Payable on Redemption Date	47
	11.7 Securities Redeemed in Part	47
	 	 
	ARTICLE 12 SINKING FUNDS	47
	12.1 Applicability of Article	47
	12.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities	47
	12.3 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund	48
	 	 
	ARTICLE 13 REPAYMENT AT OPTION OF HOLDERS	48
	13.1 Applicability of Article	48
	13.2 Repayment of Securities	49
	13.3 Exercise of Option	49
	13.4 When Securities Presented for Repayment Become Due and Payable	49
	13.5 Securities Repaid in Part	49
	 	 
	ARTICLE 14 DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE	50
	14.1 Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance	50
	14.2 Defeasance and Discharge	50
	14.3 Covenant Defeasance.	50
	14.4 Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance	50
	14.5 Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions	52
	14.6 Reinstatement	52

    

    

    INDENTURE, dated as of ♦, ♦ between THE ALKALINE WATER COMPANY INC., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of Nevada (herein called the "Company"), having its principal office at 8541 E. Anderson Drive, Suite 100/101, Arizona 85255, and, ♦ a ♦ duly organized and existing under the laws of ♦, as trustee (herein called the "Trustee").

    RECITALS OF THE COMPANY 

     The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its senior debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the "Securities"), which may be convertible into or exchangeable for any securities of any person (including the Company), to be issued in one or more series as provided in this Indenture.

     This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, that are required to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions.

     All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid and binding agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

     NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

     For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series thereof, as follows:

    ARTICLE 1
DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION 

    1.1 Definitions

     For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

    (a) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

    (b) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein, and the terms "cash transaction" and "self-liquidating paper", as used in TIA Section 311, shall have the meanings assigned to them in the rules of the Commission adopted under the Trust Indenture Act;

    (c) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the term "generally accepted accounting principles" with respect to any computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles used in the Company's annual financial statements contained in the Company's annual report delivered to its shareholders in respect of the fiscal year immediately prior to the date of such computation;

    (d) the words "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision;

    (e) "or" is not exclusive;

    (f) "including" or "include" means including or include without limitation; and

    

    
        - 2 -

    

    (g) unsecured Debt shall not be deemed to be subordinate or junior to secured Debt merely by virtue of its nature as unsecured Debt.

    Certain terms, used principally in Article 3 and Article 5 are defined in those Articles.

    (a) "Act", when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in Section 1.4.

    (b) "Additional Amounts" means any additional amounts which are required by a Security or by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, under circumstances specified therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on certain Holders and which are owing to such Holders.

    (c) "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, "control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

    (d) "Authenticating Agent" means any Person appointed by the Trustee to act on behalf of the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.11 to authenticate Securities.

    (e) "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper, in the English language or in an official language of the country of publication, customarily published on each Business Day, whether or not such newspaper is also published on Saturdays, Sundays or holidays, and of general circulation in each place in connection with which the term is used or in the financial community of each such place. Where successive publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any Business Day.

    (f) "Board of Directors" means either the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of that board.

    (g) "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

    (h) "Business Day", when used with respect to any Place of Payment or any other particular location referred to in this Indenture or in the Securities, means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment or other location are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

    (i) "Capital Stock" means (a) with respect to any Person that is a corporation, any and all shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated and whether or not voting) of corporate stock, including each class of common stock and preferred stock of such Person and (b) with respect to any Person that is not a corporation, any and all partnership, membership or other equity interests of such Person.

    (j) "Commission" means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after the execution of this Indenture such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.

    

    
        - 3 -

    

    (k) "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Company" shall mean such successor Person.

    (l) "Company Request" or "Company Order" means a written request or order signed in the name of the Company by any two Officers, and delivered to the Trustee.

    (m) "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal corporate trust office of the Trustee, at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered, which office on the date of execution of this Indenture is located at ♦, Attention: ♦, except that with respect to presentation of Securities for payment or for registration of transfer or exchange, such term shall mean the office or agency of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate agency business shall be conducted.

    (n) "corporation" includes corporations, associations, companies and business trusts.

    (o) "covenant defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 14.3.

    (p) "Currency" means any currency or currencies, composite currency or currency unit or currency units issued by the government of one or more countries or by any recognized confederation or association of such governments.

    (q) "Debt" means notes, bonds, debentures or other similar evidences of indebtedness for money borrowed.

    (r) "Default" means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.

    (s) "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 3.7.

    (t) "defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 14.2.

    (u) "Depositary" means a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act that is designated to act as Depositary for the Global Securities. The Company initially appoints DTC as the Depositary.

    (v) "Dollar" or "$" means a dollar or other equivalent unit in such coin or currency of the United States as at the time shall be legal tender for the payment of public and private debts.

    (w) "DTC" means The Depository Trust Company, its nominees and their respective successors.

    (x)  "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 5.1.

    (y) "Exchange Act" means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

    (z) "Extension Notice" has the meaning specified in Section 3.8.

    (aa) "Extension Period" has the meaning specified in Section 3.8.

    (bb) "Final Maturity" has the meaning specified in Section 3.8.

    (cc) "Government Obligations" means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any series of Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, securities which are (i) direct obligations of the government which issued the Currency in which the Securities of a particular series are payable or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the government which issued the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed by such government, which, in either case, are full faith and credit obligations of such government payable in such Currency and are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of a holder of a depository receipt; provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of the Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

    

    
        - 4 -

    

    (dd) "Holder" means the Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Security Register.

    (ee) "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed and as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 3.1 and the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be part hereof; provided, however, that, if at any time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under this instrument, "Indenture" shall mean, with respect to any one or more series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established as contemplated by Section 3.1, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of Securities for which such Person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted, and exclusive of any provisions or terms adopted by means of one or more indentures supplemental hereto executed and delivered after such Person had become such Trustee but to which such Person, as such Trustee, was not a party.

    (ff) "Indexed Security" means a Security the terms of which provide that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the principal face amount thereof at original issuance.

    (gg) "interest", when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity at the rate prescribed in such Original Issue Discount Security, and, when used with respect to a Security which provides for the payment of Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 10.5, includes such Additional Amounts.

    (hh) "Interest Payment Date", when used with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

    (ii) "mandatory sinking fund payment" has the meaning specified in Section 12.1.

    (jj) "Maturity", when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, notice of redemption, notice of option to elect repayment or otherwise.

    (kk) "Officer" means the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer or the Secretary or any Assistant Treasurer or Assistant Secretary of the Company.

    (ll) "Officers' Certificate" means a written certificate signed in the name of the Company by any two Officers, and delivered to the Trustee.

    

    
        - 5 -

    

    (mm) "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who may be counsel for the Company, including an employee of the Company.

    (nn) "Optional Reset Date" has the meaning specified in Section 3.7.

    (oo) "optional sinking fund payment" has the meaning specified in Section 12.1.

    (pp) "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2.

    (qq) "Original Stated Maturity" has the meaning specified in Section 3.8.

    (rr) "Outstanding", when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except:

    (i) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation pursuant to the terms of this Indenture;

    (ii) Securities, or portions thereof, for whose payment or redemption or repayment at the option of the Holder money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities; provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefore satisfactory to the Trustee has been made;

    (iii) Securities, except to the extent provided in Sections 14.2 and 14.3, with respect to which the Company has effected defeasance and/or covenant defeasance as provided in Article 14; and

    (iv) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 3.6 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a protected purchaser (as defined in Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code) in whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company;

    provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, and for the purpose of making the calculations required by TIA Section 313, (i) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the amount of principal thereof that would be (or shall have been declared to be) due and payable, at the time of such determination, upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2, (ii) the principal amount of any Indexed Security that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall be deemed outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the principal face amount of such Indexed Security at original issuance, unless otherwise provided with respect to such Security pursuant to Section 3.1, and (iii) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in making such calculation or in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor.

    

    
        - 6 -

    

    (ss) "Paying Agent" means any Person (including the Company acting as Paying Agent) authorized by the Company to pay the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Securities on behalf of the Company.

    (tt) "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

    (uu) "Place of Payment" means, when used with respect to the Securities of or within any series, the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities are payable as specified and as contemplated by or pursuant to Sections 3.1 and 10.2.

    (vv) "Redemption Date", when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, in whole or in part, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

    (ww) "Redemption Price", when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture.

    (xx) "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date on the Securities of or within any series means the date specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 3.1.

    (yy) "Repayment Date" means, when used with respect to any Security to be repaid at the option of the Holder, the date fixed for such repayment pursuant to this Indenture.

    (zz) "Repayment Price" means, when used with respect to any Security to be repaid at the option of the Holder, the price at which it is to be repaid pursuant to this Indenture.

    (aaa) "Reset Notice" has the meaning specified in Section 3.7.

    (bbb) "Responsible Officer", when used with respect to the Trustee, means any vice president, officer or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above-designated officers, and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.

    (ccc) "Security" or "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture; provided, however, that if at any time there is more than one Person acting as Trustee under this Indenture, "Securities" with respect to the Indenture as to which such Person is Trustee shall have the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and shall more particularly mean Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, exclusive, however, of Securities of any series as to which such Person is not Trustee.

    (ddd) "Securities Act" means the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

    (eee) "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the respective meanings specified in Section 3.5.

    

    
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    (fff) "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Securities of or within any series means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.7.

    (ggg) "Stated Maturity", when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable, as such date may be extended pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.8.

    (hhh) "Subsequent Interest Period" has the meaning specified in Section 3.7.

    (iii) "Subsidiary" means, with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person (or a combination thereof), (ii) any partnership (a) the sole general partner or the managing general partner of which is such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person or (b) the only general partners of which are such Person or of one or more Subsidiaries of such Person (or any combination thereof) or (iii) any other Person not described in clauses (i) and (ii) above in which such Person, or one more other Subsidiaries of such Person or such Person and one or more other Subsidiaries thereof, directly or indirectly, has a 50% ownership and the power, pursuant to a written contract or agreement, to direct the policies and management or the financial and other affairs thereof.

    (jjj) "Trust Indenture Act" or "TIA" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date as of which this Indenture was executed, except as provided in Section 9.5; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act is amended after such date, "Trust Indenture Act" or "TIA" means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

    (kkk) "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder; provided, however, that if at any time there is more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean only the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

    (lll) "United States" means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, the United States of America (including the states and the District of Columbia), its territories, its possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction.

    (mmm) "United States person" means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, a corporation, partnership or other entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or an estate or trust the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source.

    (nnn) "Vice President", when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title "vice president".

    (ooo) "Yield to Maturity" means the yield to maturity, computed at the time of issuance of a Security (or, if applicable, at the most recent redetermination of interest on such Security) and as set forth in such Security in accordance with generally accepted United States bond yield computation principles.

    

    
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    1.2 Compliance Certificates and Opinions

     Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Trustee may require an Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture (including any covenant compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent) relating to the proposed action have been complied with or an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, or both; provided, however, that in the case of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.

     Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a covenant or condition provided for in this Indenture (other than pursuant to Section 10.4) shall include:

    (a) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating thereto;

    (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

    (c) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

    (d) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such covenant or condition has been complied with.

    1.3 Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee

     In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

     Any certificate or opinion of an Officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel, or a certificate or representations by counsel, unless such Officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations by counsel with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such Opinion of Counsel or certificate or representations may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an Officer or Officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.

     Any certificate or opinion of an Officer of the Company or of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to accounting matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an accountant or firm of accountants in the employ of the Company, unless such Officer or counsel, as the case may be, knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the accounting matters upon which such certificate or opinion may be based are erroneous. Any certificate or opinion of any independent firm of chartered accountants filed with the Trustee shall contain a statement that such firm is independent.

     Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

    

    
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    1.4 Acts of Holders. 

    (a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders of the Outstanding Securities of all series or one or more series, as the case may be, may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agents duly appointed in writing. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments or record or both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments or so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent, or of the holding by any Person of a Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section.

    (b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

    (c) The principal amount and serial numbers of Securities held by any Person, and the date of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security Register.

    (d) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders of Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may, at its option, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, fix in advance a record date for the determination of Holders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so. Notwithstanding TIA Section 316(c), such record date shall be the record date specified in or pursuant to such Board Resolution, which shall be a date not earlier than the date 30 days prior to the first solicitation of Holders generally in connection therewith and not later than the date such solicitation is completed. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the Holders of record at the close of business on such record date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purposes of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of such record date; provided that no such authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders on such record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than eleven months after the record date.

    (e) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefore or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee, any Security Registrar, any Paying Agent, any Authenticating Agent or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security.

    

    
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    1.5 Notices, etc. to Trustee and Company

     Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

    (a) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, or

    (b) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company, Attention: Secretary, addressed to it at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this Indenture or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.

    1.6 Notice to Holders; Waiver

     Where this Indenture provides for notice of any event to Holders of Securities by the Company or the Trustee, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each such Holder affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders of Securities is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Securities. Any notice mailed to a Holder in the manner herein prescribed shall be conclusively deemed to have been received by such Holder, whether or not such Holder actually receives such notice.

     In case, by reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular mail service or by reason of any other cause, it shall be impractical to mail notice of any event to Holders of Securities when such notice is required to be given pursuant to any provision of this Indenture, then any manner of giving such notice as shall be satisfactory to the Trustee shall be deemed to be sufficient giving of such notice for every purpose hereunder.

     Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language, except that any published notice may be in an official language of the country of publication.

     Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

    1.7 Effect of Headings and Table of Contents

     The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

    1.8 Successors and Assigns

     All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

    1.9 Separability Clause

     In case any provision in this Indenture or in any Security shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

    

    
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    1.10 Benefits of Indenture

     Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Securities Registrar and their successors hereunder and the Holders of Securities, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

    1.11 Governing Law

     This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State of Nevada. This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are required to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions.

    1.12 Legal Holidays

     In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date, sinking fund payment date or Stated Maturity or Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of any Security other than a provision in the Securities of any series which specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section), payment of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date or sinking fund payment date, or at the Stated Maturity or Maturity; provided that no interest shall accrue for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date, sinking fund payment date, Stated Maturity or Maturity, as the case may be.

    1.13 Agent for Service; Submission to Jurisdiction; 

     By the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company (i) acknowledges that it has irrevocably designated and appointed ♦ as its authorized agent upon which process may be served in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Securities or this Indenture that may be instituted in any United States federal or ♦ state court in ♦ or brought under federal or state securities laws or brought by the Trustee (whether in its individual capacity or in its capacity as Trustee hereunder), (ii) submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any such court in any such suit or proceeding, and (iii) agrees that service of process upon ♦ and written notice of said service to the Company (mailed or delivered to the Company, Attention: Secretary, at its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this Indenture and in the manner specified in Section 1.5 hereof), shall be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon the Company in any such suit or proceeding. The Company further agrees to take any and all action, including the execution and filing of any and all such documents and instruments, as may be necessary to continue such designation and appointment of ♦ in full force and effect so long as any of the Securities shall be outstanding.             

    1.14 Incorporators, Shareholders, Officers and Directors of the Company Exempt from Individual Liability

     No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture, or in any Security, or because of any indebtedness evidenced thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, as such, or against any past, present or future shareholder, officer or director, as such, of the Company or of any successor, either directly or through the Company or any successor, under any rule of law, statute or constitutional provision or by the enforcement of any assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding or otherwise, all such liability being expressly waived and released by the acceptance of the Securities by the Holders and as part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.

    1.15 Waiver of Jury Trial

     Each of the Company and the Trustee hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Indenture, the Securities or the transactions contemplated hereby.

    

    
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    1.16 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act

     If and to the extent that any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by any of Section 310 to 318, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, through operation of Section 318(c) thereof, such imposed duties control.

    ARTICLE 2
SECURITY FORMS 

    2.1 Forms Generally

    (a) The Securities of each series shall be in substantially the forms as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the Officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of the Securities. If the forms of Securities of any series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 3.3 for the authentication and delivery of such Securities. Any portion of the text of any Security may be set forth on the reverse thereof, with an appropriate reference thereto on the face of the Security.

    (b) The Trustee's certificate of authentication on all Securities shall be in substantially the form set forth in this Article.

    (c) The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods on a steel-engraved border or steel-engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the Officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

    2.2 Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication

     Subject to Section 6.11, the Trustee's certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following form:

    TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION

    Dated: ______________________

    This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

    	 	 	 
	 	as Trustee	 
	 	 	 	 
	 	By:	 	 
	 	 	Authorized Officer	 

    2.3 Securities Issuable in Global Form

     If Securities of or within a series are issuable in global form, as specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, then, notwithstanding clause (h) of Section 3.1, any such Security shall represent such of the Outstanding Securities of such series as shall be specified therein and may provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities of such series from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities of such series represented thereby may from time to time be increased or decreased to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of a Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby shall be made by the Trustee in such manner and upon instructions given by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or in the Company Order to be delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.3 or Section 3.4. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3 and, if applicable, Section 3.4, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the applicable Company Order. If a Company Order pursuant to Section 3.3 or Section 3.4 has been, or simultaneously is, delivered, any instructions by the Company with respect to endorsement or delivery or redelivery of a Security in global form shall be in writing but need not comply with Section 1.2 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel.

    

    
        - 13 -

    

     The provisions of the last sentence of Section 3.3 shall apply to any Security represented by a Security in global form if such Security was never issued and sold by the Company and the Company delivers to the Trustee the Security in global form together with written instructions (which need not comply with Section 1.2 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) with regard to the reduction in the principal amount of Securities represented thereby, together with the written statement contemplated by the last sentence of Section 3.3.

     Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.7, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on any Security in permanent global form shall be made to the Person or Persons specified therein.

     Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.9 and except as provided in the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company and the Trustee shall treat as the Holder of such principal amount of Outstanding Securities represented by a permanent global Security the Holder of such permanent global Security.

     None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Global Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

    ARTICLE 3
THE SECURITIES 

    3.1 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series

     The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for issuances of additional Securities of such series.

     The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be established in one or more Board Resolutions or pursuant to authority granted by one or more Board Resolutions and, subject to Section 3.3, set forth in, or determined in the manner provided in, an Officers' Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series, any or all of the following, as applicable (each of which (except for the matters set forth in clauses (a), (b) and (o) below), if so provided, may be determined from time to time by the Company with respect to unissued Securities of the series and set forth in such Securities of the series when issued from time to time):

    (a) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other series of Securities);

    

    
        - 14 -

    

    (b) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 9.6, 11.7 or 13.5);

    (c) the date or dates, or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined or extended, on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable;

    (d) the rate or rates (whether fixed or variable) at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or the method by which such rate or rates shall be determined, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date for the interest payable on any Security on any Interest Payment Date, or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other than on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;

    (e) the place or places, if any, other than or in addition to The City of ♦, where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on Securities of the series shall be payable, where any Securities of the series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of the series may be surrendered for exchange, where Securities of the series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, as applicable, and, if different than the location specified in Section 1.5, the place or places where notices or demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of the series and this Indenture may be served and the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payment or Additional Amounts on a global Security on an Interest Payment Date shall be paid;

    (f) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and other terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, if the Company is to have that option;

    (g) the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension;

    (h) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, repay or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or at the option of a Holder thereof, and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and other terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, repaid or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

    (i) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denomination or denominations in which any Securities of the series shall be issuable;

    (j) if other than the Trustee, the identity of each Security Registrar and/or Paying Agent;

    (k) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2 or the method by which such portion shall be determined;

    (l) whether the amount of payments of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method (which index, formula or method may be based, without limitation, on one or more Currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices), and the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

    

    
        - 15 -

    

    (m) the applicability, if any, of Sections 14.2 and/or 14.3 to the Securities of the series and any provisions in modification of, in addition to or in lieu of any of the provisions of Article 14 that shall be applicable to the Securities of the series;

    (n) provisions, if any, granting special rights to the Holders of Securities of the series upon the occurrence of such events as may be specified;

    (o) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or covenants (including any deletions from, modifications of or additions to Section 10.7) of the Company with respect to Securities of the series, whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with the Events of Default or covenants set forth herein;

    (p) whether the Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in permanent global form and, in such case, the Depositary for such Securities if other than DTC; the manner in which and the circumstances under which interests in any such permanent global Security may be exchanged for Securities in definitive form, if other than, or in addition to, the manner and circumstances specified in Section 3.4;

    (q) the Person to whom any interest on any Security of the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest and the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary global Security on an Interest Payment Date shall be paid if other than in the manner provided in Section 3.4;

    (r) if Securities of the series are to be issuable in definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary Security of such series) only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions, the form and/or terms of such certificates, documents or conditions;

    (s) if the Securities of the series are to be issued upon the exercise of warrants, the time, manner and place for such Securities to be authenticated and delivered;

    (t) whether and under what circumstances the Company shall pay Additional Amounts as contemplated by Section 10.5 on the Securities of the series to any Holder who is not a United States person (including any modification to the definition of such term) in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge and, if so, whether the Company shall have the option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such Additional Amounts (and the terms of any such option);

    (u) the percentage or percentages of principal amount of which the Securities of the series shall be issued;

    (v) if the Securities of the series are to be convertible into or exercisable, redeemable or exchangeable for any securities of any Person (including the Company), the terms and conditions upon which such Securities shall be so convertible or exchangeable, including whether conversion, exercise, redemption or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the Holder or at the Company's option, the date on or the period during which conversion, exercise, redemption or exchange may occur, the initial conversion, exercise, redemption or exchange price or rate and the circumstances or manner in which the amount of common shares or preference shares or other securities issuable upon conversion, exercise, redemption or exchange may be adjusted;

    (w) if the Securities of the series are subject to mandatory or optional remarketing or other mandatory or optional resale provisions, and, if applicable, the date or period during which such resale may occur, any conditions to such resale and any right of a Holder to substitute securities for the Securities subject to resale; and

    

    
        - 16 -

    

    (x) any other terms, conditions, rights and preferences (or limitations on such rights and preferences) relating to the series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act or the provisions of this Indenture).

     All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such Board Resolution (subject to Section 3.3) and set forth in such Officers' Certificate or in any such indenture supplemental hereto. Not all Securities of any one series need be issued at the same time, and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened for issuances of additional Securities of such series.

     If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions, such Board Resolutions shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers' Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.

    3.2 Denominations

     The Securities of each series shall be issuable in registered form without coupons in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by or pursuant to Section 3.1. With respect to Securities of any series denominated in Dollars, in the absence of any such provisions, the Securities of such series, other than Securities issued in global form (which may be of any denomination), shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

    3.3 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating

     The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by any Officer. The signature of any Officer on the Securities may be the manual or facsimile signatures of the present or any future such authorized Officer and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities. Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper Officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

     At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series, executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance with such Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If not all of the Securities of any series are to be issued at one time and if the Board Resolution or supplemental indenture establishing such series shall so permit, such Company Order may set forth procedures acceptable to the Trustee for the issuance of such Securities and determining the terms of particular Securities of such series such as interest rate, stated maturity, date of issuance and date from which interest shall accrue.

     In authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to TIA Sections 315(a) through 315(d)) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating:

    (a) that the form or forms of such Securities have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

    (b) that the terms of such Securities have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

    (c) that such Securities when completed by appropriate insertions and executed and delivered by the Company to the Trustee for authentication in accordance with this Indenture, authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in accordance with this Indenture and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, shall constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization and other similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights, to general equitable principles and to such other qualifications as such counsel shall conclude do not materially affect the rights of Holders of such Securities;

    

    
        - 17 -

    

    (d) that the Company has the corporate power to issue such Securities, and has duly taken all necessary corporate action with respect to such issuance; and

    (e) that the issuance of such Securities shall not contravene the articles of incorporation or by-laws of the Company or result in any violation of any of the terms or provisions of any law or regulation.

     Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.1 and of the preceding two paragraphs, if not all the Securities of any series are to be issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers' Certificate otherwise required pursuant to Section 3.1 or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel otherwise required pursuant to the preceding two paragraphs prior to or at the time of issuance of each Security, but such documents shall be delivered prior to or at the time of issuance of the first Security of such series.

     The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate and deliver any such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture shall affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

     Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

     No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein duly executed by the Trustee by manual signature of an authorized officer, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 3.10 together with a written statement (which need not comply with Section 1.2 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

    3.4 Temporary Securities

     Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series the Company may execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver temporary Securities (printed or lithographed). Temporary Securities shall be issuable in any authorized denomination and substantially in the form of the definitive Securities but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every such temporary Security shall be executed by the Company and shall be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with the same effect, as the definitive Securities. Without unreasonable delay the Company will execute and deliver to the Trustee definitive Securities of such series and thereupon any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor, at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities. Such exchange shall be made by the Company at its own expense and without any charge therefor except that in case of any such exchange involving any registration of transfer the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities authenticated and delivered hereunder.

     Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section or Section 3.5, unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in definitive form, a global Security representing all or a portion of the Securities of a series may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary for such series to a nominee of such depositary or by a nominee of such depositary to such depositary or another nominee of such depositary or by such depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary for such series or a nominee of such successor depositary.

    

    
        - 18 -

    

     If at any time the Depositary for the Securities of a series notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for the Securities of such series or if at any time the Depositary for Securities of a series shall no longer be a clearing agency registered and in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, the Company shall appoint a successor Depositary with respect to the Securities of such series. If a successor Depositary for the Securities of such series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, the Company will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series in definitive form in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the global Security or Securities representing such series in exchange for such global Security or Securities.

     If specified by the Company pursuant to Section 3.1 with respect to Securities of a series, the Depositary for such series of Securities may surrender a global Security for such series of Securities in exchange in whole or in part for Securities of such series in definitive form on such terms as are acceptable to the Company and such depositary. Thereupon, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, without charge:

    (a) to each Person specified by the Depositary a new Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Person in an aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person's beneficial interest in the global Security; and

    (b) to the Depositary a new global Security in a denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered global Security and the aggregate principal amount of Securities delivered to Holders thereof.

    3.5 Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange

     The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee or in any office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment a register for each series of Securities (the registers maintained in such Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee or in any other office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes collectively referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration and transfer of Securities. The Security Register shall be in written form or any other form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable time. At all reasonable times, the Security Register shall be open to inspection by the Trustee. The Trustee is hereby initially appointed as security registrar (the "Security Registrar") for the purpose of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided. The Company shall have the right to remove and replace from time to time the Security Registrar for any series of Securities; provided that, no such removal or replacement shall be effective until a successor Security Registrar with respect to such series of Securities shall have been appointed by the Company and shall have accepted such appointment by the Company. In the event that the Trustee shall not be or shall cease to be the Security Registrar with respect to a series of Securities, it shall have the right to examine the Security Register for such series at all reasonable times. There shall be only one Security Register for each series of Securities.

     Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of any series at any office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee, one or more new Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor.

     At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged for other replacement Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

    

    
        - 19 -

    

     Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

     If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 3.1 that the Securities of a series are to be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global Securities, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 3.3 and the Company Order with respect to such series, authenticate and deliver one or more global Securities in temporary or permanent form that (i) shall represent and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series to be represented by one or more global Securities, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary for such global Security or Securities or the nominee of such depositary, and (iii) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: "This Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary or by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such successor Depositary, unless and until this Security is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in definitive form" and such other legend as may be required by the Depositary.

     The Company may at any time and in its sole discretion determine that the Securities of any series issued in the form of one or more global Securities shall no longer be represented by such global Security or Securities. In such event the Company shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such series, shall authenticate and deliver Securities of such series in definitive registered form, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the global Security or Securities representing such series in exchange for such global Security or Securities.

     Upon the exchange of a global Security for Securities in definitive registered form, such global Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee. Securities issued in exchange for a global Security pursuant to this Section shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the depositary for such global Security, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee in writing. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.

     All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

     Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

     No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities.

     The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the selection for redemption of Securities of that series under Section 11.3 or 12.3 and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing of the relevant notice of redemption, or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part, or (iii) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security which has been surrendered for repayment at the option of the Holder, except the portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid.

    3.6 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities

     If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee or the Company, together with, in proper cases, such security or indemnity as may be required by the Company or the Trustee to save each of them or any agent of either of them harmless, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a replacement Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

    

    
        - 20 -

    

     If there shall be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a protected purchaser (as defined in Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code), the Company shall execute and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a replacement Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

     Notwithstanding the provisions of the previous two paragraphs, in case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

     Upon the issuance of any replacement Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

     Every replacement Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security, shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security, if any, shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder.

     The provisions of this Section, as amended or supplemented pursuant to this Indenture with respect to particular Securities or generally, are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

    3.7 Payment of Principal and Interest; Interest Rights Preserved; Optional Interest Reset

    (a) Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1 with respect to any series of Securities, interest, if any, on any Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose pursuant to Section 10.2; provided, however, that each installment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on any Security may at the Company's option be paid by (i) mailing a check for such interest, payable to or upon the written order of the Person entitled thereto pursuant to Section 3.9, to the address of such Person as it appears on the Security Register or (ii) wire transfer to an account of the person entitled to receive such payment if such person is a Holder of $10,000,000 or more in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series (with wire transfer instructions provided to the Trustee not less than 15 days prior to payment of interest by wire transfer); provided further, that principal paid in relation to any Security redeemed at the option of the Company pursuant to Article 11, or paid at Maturity, shall be paid to the holder of such Security only upon presentation and surrender of such Security to such office or agency referred to in this Section 3.7(a).

    Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1, any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such defaulted interest and, if applicable, interest on such defaulted interest (to the extent lawful) at the rate specified in the Securities of such series (such defaulted interest and, if applicable, interest thereon herein collectively called "Defaulted Interest") may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (i) or (ii) below:

    

    
        - 21 -

    

    (i) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit on or prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be given in the manner provided in Section 1.6, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefore having been so given, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose name the Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (ii).

    (ii) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

    (b) The provisions of this Section 3.7(b) may be made applicable to any series of Securities pursuant to Section 3.1 (with such modifications, additions or substitutions as may be specified pursuant to such Section 3.1). The interest rate (or the spread or spread multiplier used to calculate such interest rate, if applicable) on any Security of such series may be reset by the Company on the date or dates specified on the face of such Security (each an "Optional Reset Date"). The Company may exercise such option with respect to such Security by notifying the Trustee of such exercise at least 50 but not more than 60 days prior to an Optional Reset Date for such Security. Not later than 40 days prior to each Optional Reset Date, the Trustee shall transmit, in the manner provided for in Section 1.6, to the Holder of any such Security a notice (the "Reset Notice") indicating whether the Company has elected to reset the interest rate (or the spread or spread multiplier used to calculate such interest rate, if applicable), and if so (i) such new interest rate (or such new spread or spread multiplier, if applicable) and (ii) the provisions, if any, for redemption during the period from such Optional Reset Date to the next Optional Reset Date or if there is no such next Optional Reset Date, to the Stated Maturity Date of such Security (each such period a "Subsequent Interest Period"), including the date or dates on which or the period or periods during which and the price or prices at which such redemption may occur during the Subsequent Interest Period.

    Notwithstanding the foregoing, not later than 20 days prior to the Optional Reset Date, the Company may, at its option, revoke the interest rate (or the spread or spread multiplier used to calculate such interest rate, if applicable) provided for in the Reset Notice and establish an interest rate (or a spread or spread multiplier used to calculate such interest rate, if applicable) that is higher than the interest rate (or the spread or spread multiplier, if applicable) provided for in the Reset Notice, for the Subsequent Interest Period by causing the Trustee to transmit, in the manner provided for in Section 1.6, notice of such higher interest rate (or such higher spread or spread multiplier, if applicable) to the Holder of such Security. Such notice shall be irrevocable. All Securities with respect to which the interest rate (or the spread or spread multiplier used to calculate such interest rate, if applicable) is reset on an Optional Reset Date, and with respect to which the Holders of such Securities have not tendered such Securities for repayment (or have validly revoked any such tender) pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph, shall bear such higher interest rate (or such higher spread or spread multiplier, if applicable).

    

    
        - 22 -

    

    The Holder of any such Security shall have the option to elect repayment by the Company of the principal of such Security on each Optional Reset Date at a price equal to the principal amount thereof plus interest accrued to such Optional Reset Date. In order to obtain repayment on an Optional Reset Date, the Holder must follow the procedures set forth in Article 13 for repayment at the option of Holders except that the period for delivery or notification to the Trustee shall be at least 25 but not more than 35 days prior to such Optional Reset Date and except that, if the Holder has tendered any Security for repayment pursuant to the Reset Notice, the Holder may, by written notice to the Trustee, revoke such tender or repayment until the close of business on the tenth day before such Optional Reset Date.

     Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 3.5, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

    3.8 Optional Extension of Stated Maturity

     The provisions of this Section 3.8 may be made applicable to any series of Securities pursuant to Section 3.1 (with such modifications, additions or substitutions as may be specified pursuant to such Section 3.1). The Stated Maturity of any Security of such series may be extended at the option of the Company for the period or periods specified on the face of such Security (each an "Extension Period") up to but not beyond the date (the "Final Maturity") set forth on the face of such Security. The Company may exercise such option with respect to any Security by notifying the Trustee of such exercise at least 50 but not more than 60 days prior to the Stated Maturity of such Security in effect prior to the exercise of such option (the "Original Stated Maturity"). If the Company exercises such option, the Trustee shall transmit, in the manner provided for in Section 1.6, to the Holder of such Security not later than 40 days prior to the Original Stated Maturity a notice (the "Extension Notice") indicating (i) the election of the Company to extend the Stated Maturity, (ii) the new Stated Maturity, (iii) the interest rate, if any, applicable to the Extension Period and (iv) the provisions, if any, for redemption during such Extension Period. Upon the Trustee's transmittal of the Extension Notice, the Stated Maturity of such Security shall be extended automatically and, except as modified by the Extension Notice and as described in the next paragraph, such Security shall have the same terms as prior to the transmittal of such Extension Notice.

     Notwithstanding the foregoing, not later than 20 days before the Original Stated Maturity of such Security, the Company may, at its option, revoke the interest rate provided for in the Extension Notice and establish a higher interest rate for the Extension Period by causing the Trustee to transmit, in the manner provided for in Section 1.6, notice of such higher interest rate to the Holder of such Security. Such notice shall be irrevocable. All Securities with respect to which the Stated Maturity is extended shall bear such higher interest rate.

     If the Company extends the Maturity of any Security, the Holder shall have the option to elect repayment of such Security by the Company on the Original Stated Maturity at a price equal to the principal amount thereof, plus interest accrued to such date. In order to obtain repayment on the Original Stated Maturity once the Company has extended the Maturity thereof, the Holder must follow the procedures set forth in Article 13 for repayment at the option of Holders, except that the period for delivery or notification to the Trustee shall be at least 25 but not more than 35 days prior to the Original Stated Maturity and except that, if the Holder has tendered any Security for repayment pursuant to an Extension Notice, the Holder may by written notice to the Trustee revoke such tender for repayment until the close of business on the tenth day before the Original Stated Maturity.

    

    
        - 23 -

    

    3.9 Persons Deemed Owners

     Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Sections 3.5 and 3.7) interest, if any, on such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever (other than the payment of Additional Amounts, if any), whether or not such Security be overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

     The Depositary for Securities may be treated by the Company, the Trustee, and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the owner of such global Security for all purposes whatsoever (other than the payment of Additional Amounts, if any). None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Security Registrar shall have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Security in global form or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

     Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any global Security, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee, or any agent of the Company or the Trustee, from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by any depositary, as a Holder, with respect to such global Security or impair, as between such depositary and owners of beneficial interests in such global Security, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of such depositary (or its nominee) as Holder of such global Security.

    3.10 Cancellation

     All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, repayment at the option of the Holder, registration of transfer or exchange or for credit against any current or future sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee. All Securities so delivered to the Trustee shall be promptly cancelled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company has not issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. If the Company shall so acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All cancelled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of by the Trustee in accordance with its customary procedures and certification of their disposal delivered to the Company unless by Company Order the Company shall direct that cancelled Securities be returned to it.

    3.11 Computation of Interest

     Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 with respect to any Securities, interest, if any, on the Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

    3.12 CUSIP Numbers

     The Company in issuing the Securities may use "CUSIP" numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall indicate the "CUSIP" numbers of the Securities in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change in "CUSIP" numbers.

    

    
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    ARTICLE 4
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE 

    4.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture

     Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1 with respect to any series of Securities, this Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect with respect to any series of Securities specified in such Company Request (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities of such series expressly provided for herein or pursuant hereto and any right to receive Additional Amounts as contemplated by Section 10.5) and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series when

    (a) either

    (i) all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities of such series which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.6, and (ii) Securities of such series for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust with the Trustee or any Paying Agent or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 10.3), have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

    (ii) all Securities of such series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

    (A) have become due and payable, or

    (B) shall become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or

    (C) if redeemable at the option of the Company, are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

    and the Company, in the case of (A), (B) or (C) above, has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose an amount in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable, sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be;

    (b) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and

    (c) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been complied with.

     Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 6.6, the obligations of the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent under Section 6.11 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (ii) of clause (a) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 4.2 and the last paragraph of Section 10.3 shall survive such satisfaction and discharge.

    

    
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    4.2 Application of Trust Money

     Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.1 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee; but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

    ARTICLE 5
REMEDIES 

    5.1 Events of Default

     "Event of Default", wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default, and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body), unless such event is specifically deleted or modified in or pursuant to a supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate establishing the terms of such series pursuant to Section 3.1 of this Indenture:

    (a) default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that series when such interest becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period specified in the applicable supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate establishing the terms of such series pursuant to Section 3.1 of this Indenture; or

    (b) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security of that series at its Maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any; or

    (c) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due by the terms of the Securities of that series and Article 12; or

    (d) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or agreement of the Company in this Indenture which affects or is applicable to the Securities of that series (other than a default in the performance, or breach, of a covenant or agreement which is specifically dealt with elsewhere in this Section or which has expressly been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than that series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period specified in the applicable supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate establishing the terms of such series pursuant to Section 3.1 of this Indenture after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities of that series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

    (e) the entry of a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the premises adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company under or subject to the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada), the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada), the U.S. Federal Bankruptcy Code or any other applicable federal, provincial, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency or analogous laws, or the issuance of a sequestration order or the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Company or in receipt of any substantial part of the property of the Company, and any such decree, order or appointment continues unstayed and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or

    

    
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    (f) the institution by the Company of proceedings to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under or subject to the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada), the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada), the U.S. Federal Bankruptcy Code or any other applicable federal, provincial, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency or analogous laws, or the consent by it to the filing of any such petition or to the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due; or

    (g) (A) there shall have occurred a default by the Company in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) Debt in an amount to be specified in the applicable supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate establishing the terms of such series pursuant to Section 3.1 of this Indenture or more outstanding under or evidenced by any single indenture or instrument, when the same becomes due and payable at the stated maturity thereof, and such default shall have continued after any applicable grace period and shall not have been cured or waived or (B) Debt of the Company in an amount to be specified in the applicable supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate establishing the terms of such series pursuant to Section 3.1 of this Indenture or more outstanding under or evidenced by any single indenture or instrument shall have been accelerated or otherwise declared due and payable, or required to be prepaid or repurchased (other than by regularly scheduled required prepayment), prior to the stated maturity thereof; or

    (h) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that series.

    5.2 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment

     If an Event of Default described in clause (a), (b), (c), (d), (g) or (h) of Section 5.1 with respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal amount (or, if the Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of all of the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified portion thereof) shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default described in clause (e) or (f) of Section 5.1 occurs, the principal amount (or if any Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms thereof) of all Outstanding Securities shall be due and payable immediately, without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or the Holders.

     At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to Securities of any series (or of all series, as the case may be) has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter provided in this Article, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series (or of all series, as the case may be), by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

    (a) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable,

    (i) all overdue interest, if any, on all Outstanding Securities of that series (or of all series, as the case may be),

    

    
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    (ii) all unpaid principal of (and premium, if any) any Outstanding Securities of that series (or of all series, as the case may be) which has become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration, and interest on such unpaid principal at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,

    (iii) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest on overdue interest, if any, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and

    (iv) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel; and

    (b) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series (or of all series, as the case may be), other than the non-payment of amounts of principal of (or premium, if any, on) or interest on Securities of that series (or of all series, as the case may be) which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13.

     No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

     Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, in the event of a declaration of acceleration in respect of the Securities because of an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(g) shall have occurred and be continuing, such declaration of acceleration shall be automatically annulled if the Debt that is the subject of such Event of Default has been discharged or the holders thereof have rescinded their declaration of acceleration in respect of such Debt, and written notice of such discharge or rescission, as the case may be, shall have been given to the Trustee by the Company and countersigned by the holders of such Debt or a trustee, fiduciary or agent for such holders, within 30 days after such declaration of acceleration in respect of the Securities, and no other Event of Default has occurred during such 30 day period which has not been cured or waived during such period.

    5.3 Collection of Debt and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee

     The Company covenants that if

    (a) default is made in the payment of any installment of interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

    (b) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof,

    then the Company shall, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, and interest on any overdue principal (and premium, if any) and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

     If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.

     If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series (or of all series, as the case may be) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series (or of all series, as the case may be) by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

    

    
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    5.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim

     In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal, premium, if any, or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,

    (a) to file a proof of claim for the whole amount of principal (and premium, if any), or such portion of the principal amount of any series of Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities as may be specified in the terms of such series, and interest, if any, owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and

    (b) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same,

    and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.6.

     Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

    5.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities

     All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

    5.6 Application of Money Collected

     Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, upon presentation of the Securities, or both, as the case may be, and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

    First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.6;

    Second: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, respectively; and

    

    
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    Third: The balance, if any, to the Company or any other Person or Persons entitled thereto.

    5.7 Limitation on Suits

     No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or the Securities of any series, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless

    (a) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that series;

    (b) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series in the case of any Event of Default described in clause (a), (b), (c), (d), (g) or (h) of Section 5.1, or, in the case of any Event of Default described in clause (e) or (f) of Section 5.1, the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities, shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

    (c) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

    (d) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

    (e) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority or more in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series in the case of any Event of Default described in clause (a), (b), (c), (d), (g) or (h) of Section 5.1, or, in the case of any Event of Default described in clause (e) or (f) of Section 5.1, by the Holders of a majority or more in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities;

    it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other Holders of Securities of the same series, in the case of any Event of Default, described in clause (a), (b), (c), (d), (g) or (h) of Section 5.1, or of Holders of all Securities in the case of any Event of Default described in clause (e) or (f) of Section 5.1, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all Holders of Securities of the same series, in the case of any Event of Default described in clause (a), (b), (c), (d), (g) or (h) of Section 5.1, or, in the case of any Event of Default described in clause (e) or (f) of Section 5.1.

    5.8 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest

     Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment, as provided herein (including, if applicable, Article 14) and in such Security, of the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Section 3.7) interest, if any, on, such Security on the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

    5.9 Restoration of Rights and Remedies

     If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of Securities shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

    

    
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    5.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative

     Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 3.6, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

    5.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver

     No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.

    5.12 Control by Holders 

     With respect to the Securities of any series, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, relating to or arising under clause (a), (b), (c), (d), (g) or (h) of Section 5.1, and, with respect to all Securities, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, not relating to or arising under clause (a), (b), (c), (d), (g) or (h) of Section 5.1, provided that in each case:

    (a) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture;

    (b) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; and

    (c) the Trustee need not take any action which might expose the Trustee to personal liability or be unjustly prejudicial to the Holders of Securities of such series not consenting.

    5.13 Waiver of Past Defaults

     Subject to Section 5.2, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series waive any past default described in clause (a), (b), (c), (d), (g) or (h) of Section 5.1 (or in the case of a default described in clause (e) or (f) of Section 5.1, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities may waive any such past default), and its consequences, except a default

    (a) in respect of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Security, or

    (b) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article 9 cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

    

    
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     Upon any such waiver, any such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

    5.14 Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws

     The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it shall not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it shall not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but shall suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

    5.15 Undertaking for Costs

     In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to file an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and may assess costs against any such party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the Trust Indenture Act; provided, that neither this Section nor the Trust Indenture Act shall be deemed to authorize any court to require such an undertaking or to make such an assessment in any suit instituted by the Company.

    ARTICLE 6
THE TRUSTEE 

    6.1 Notice of Defaults 

     Within 90 days after the occurrence of any Default hereunder with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall transmit in the manner and to the extent provided in TIA Section 313(c), notice of such Default hereunder known to the Trustee, unless such Default shall have been cured or waived; provided, however, that, except in the case of a Default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Security of such series or in the payment of any sinking fund installment with respect to Securities of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Holders of Securities of such series; and provided further that in the case of any Default of the character specified in Section 5.1(d) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof.

    6.2 Certain Rights of Trustee

     Subject to the provisions of TIA Sections 315(a) through 315(d):

    (a) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

    (b) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order (other than delivery of any Security, to the Trustee for authentication and delivery pursuant to Section 3.3 which shall be sufficiently evidenced as provided therein) and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

    (c) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon a Board Resolution, an Opinion of Counsel or an Officers' Certificate;

    

    
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    (d) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

    (e) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities of any series pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction;

    (f) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;

    (g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder;

    (h) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture; and

    (i) the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of any Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of any series unless either (1) such Default or Event of Default is known, or ought reasonably to have been known, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee or (2) written notice of such Default or Event of Default shall have been given to the Trustee by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of any series or by any Holder of the Securities of any series.

     The Trustee shall not be required to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

    6.3 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities

     The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except for the Trustee's certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities, except that the Trustee represents that it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture, authenticate the Securities and perform its obligations hereunder and that the statements made by it in a Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 supplied to the Company are true and accurate, subject to the qualifications set forth therein. Neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

    

    
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    6.4 May Hold Securities

     The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any other agent of the Company or of the Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 310(b) and 311 of the Trust Indenture Act, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other agent. A Trustee that has resigned or was removed shall remain subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

    6.5 Money Held in Trust

     Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Company.

    6.6 Compensation and Reimbursement

     The Company agrees:

    (a) to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree in writing (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

    (b) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses, advances and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and

    (c) to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder.

     The obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate the Trustee, to pay or reimburse the Trustee for expenses, disbursements and advances and to indemnify and hold harmless the Trustee shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder and shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. As security for the performance of such obligations of the Company, the Trustee shall have a claim prior to the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on particular Securities.

     When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in clause (e) or (f) of Section 5.1, the expenses (including reasonable charges and expense of its counsel) of and the compensation for such services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable U.S. or Canadian federal, state or provincial bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law.

     The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination of this Indenture and the resignation or removal of the Trustee.

    6.7 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility; Conflicting Interests

    (a) There shall be at all times a Trustee hereunder which shall be eligible to act as Trustee under TIA Section 310(a)(1) and shall have a combined capital and surplus (together with that of its parent, if applicable) of at least $50,000,000. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of federal, state, territorial or District of Columbia supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

    

    
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    (b) The following indenture shall be deemed to be specifically described herein for the purposes of clause (i) of the first proviso contained in TIA Section 310(b): Subordinated Debt Securities Indenture dated as of ♦, between the Company and the trustee named therein.

    6.8 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor

    (a) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.9.

    (b) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.9 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

    (c) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.9 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the delivery of an Act of removal, the Trustee being removed may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

    (d) If at any time:

    (i) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of TIA Section 310(b) after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

    (ii) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 6.7(a) and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

    (iii) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation,

    then, in any such case, (i) the Company, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, may remove the Trustee and appoint a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities or the Securities of such series, or (ii) subject to TIA Section 315(e), any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities of such series and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

    (e) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series). If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner hereinafter provided, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

    

    
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    (f) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to the Holders of Securities of such series in the manner provided for in Section 1.6. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

    6.9 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor

    (a) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

    (b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates. Whenever there is a successor Trustee with respect to one or more (but less than all) series of securities issued pursuant to this Indenture, the terms "Indenture" and "Securities" shall have the meanings specified in the provisos to the respective definitions of those terms in Section 1.1 which contemplate such situation.

    

    
        - 36 -

    

    (c) Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

    (d) No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.

    6.10 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business

     Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities. In case any of the Securities shall not have been authenticated by such predecessor Trustee, any successor Trustee may authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor hereunder or in the name of the successor Trustee. In all such cases such certificates shall have the full force and effect which this Indenture provides for the certificate of authentication of the Trustee; provided, however, that the right to adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor Trustee or to authenticate Securities in the name of any predecessor Trustee shall apply only to its successor or successors by merger, conversion or consolidation.

    6.11 Appointment of Authenticating Agent

     At any time when any of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Authenticating Agents with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series and the Trustee shall give written notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent shall serve, in the manner provided for in Section 1.6. Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Any such appointment shall be evidenced by an instrument in writing signed by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, and a copy of such instrument shall be promptly furnished to the Company. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the ♦, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent, having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

    

    
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     Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

     An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give written notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent shall serve, in the manner provided for in Section 1.6. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

     The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section.

     If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in addition to the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication substantially in the following form:

    Dated: ________________________

    This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

    	 	 
	 	As Trustee
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	as Authenticating Agent
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Authorized Officer

    ARTICLE 7
HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY 

    7.1 Disclosure of Names and Addresses of Holders

     Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that none of the Company or the Trustee or any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of the Holders in accordance with TIA Section 312, regardless of the source from which such information was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under TIA Section 312(b).

    7.2 Reports by Trustee

    (a) Within 60 days after May 15 of each year commencing with the first May 15 after the first issuance of Securities pursuant to this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit to the Holders, in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, a brief report dated as of such May 15 if required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

    

    
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    (b) The Trustee shall comply with Sections 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.

    (c) A copy of such report shall, at the time of such transmission to the Holders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company (Attention: Secretary), with each securities exchange upon which any of the Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Commission. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when the Securities become listed on any stock exchange.

    7.3 Reports by Company

     The Company shall:

    (a) file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company has filed the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; or, if the Company is not required to file information, documents or reports pursuant to either of such Sections, then it shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports which may be required pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act in respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations;

    (b) file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and regulations; and

    (c) transmit to all Holders, in the manner and to the extent provided in TIA Section 313(c), within 30 days after the filing thereof with the Trustee, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to clauses (a) and (b) of this Section as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission.

     Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee are for informational purposes only and the Trustee's receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company's compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers' Certificates).

    ARTICLE 8
CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE 

    8.1 Company May Consolidate, etc., Only on Certain Terms

     The Company shall not consolidate, amalgamate or enter into any statutory arrangement with or merge into any other corporation or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any Person, unless:

    (a) the entity formed by or continuing from such consolidation, amalgamation or arrangement or into which the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall:

    

    
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    (i) be a corporation, partnership or trust organized and validly existing under the laws of:

    (A) Canada or any province or territory thereof;

    (B) the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; or

    (C) if such consolidation, amalgamation, arrangement, merger or other transaction would not impair the rights of the Holders of the Securities, in any other country, provided that if such successor entity is organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than Canada or any province or territory thereof, or the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, the successor entity assumes by a supplemental indenture the obligations of the Company under the Securities and this Indenture to pay Additional Amounts; and

    (ii) expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, or assume by operation of law, the Company's obligation for the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on all the Securities and the performance and observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed;

    (b) after giving effect to such transaction, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing; and

    (c) the Company and the successor Person shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, amalgamation, arrangement, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.

     This Section shall only apply to a merger, amalgamation, arrangement or consolidation in which the Company is not the surviving corporation and to conveyances, leases and transfers by the Company as transferor or lessor.

    8.2 Successor Person Substituted

     Upon any consolidation, amalgamation or arrangement by the Company with or merger by the Company into any other corporation or any conveyance, transfer or lease all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety to any Person in accordance with Section 8.1, the successor Person formed by such consolidation, amalgamation or arrangement or into which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein, and in the event of any such conveyance or transfer, the Company (which term shall for this purpose mean the Person named as the "Company" in the first paragraph of this Indenture or any successor Person which shall theretofore become such in the manner described in Section 8.1), except in the case of a lease, shall be discharged of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities and may be dissolved and liquidated.

    

    
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    ARTICLE 9
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 

    9.1 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders

     Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

    (a) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company contained herein and in the Securities; or

    (b) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; or

    (c) to add any additional Events of Default (and if such Events of Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such Events of Default are being included solely for the benefit of such series); provided, however, that in respect of any such additional Events of Default such supplemental indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such default or may limit the remedies available to the Trustee upon such default or may limit the right of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of that or those series of Securities to which such additional Events of Default apply to waive such default; or

    (d) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture; provided that any such change or elimination shall become effective only when there is no Security Outstanding of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture which is entitled to the benefit of such provision; or

    (e) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1; or

    (f) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.9(b); or

    (g) to close this Indenture with respect to the authentication and delivery of additional series of Securities, to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture; provided such action shall not, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series and any related coupons in any material respect; or

    (h) to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth; or

    (i) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Sections 4.1, 14.2 and 14.3; provided that any such action shall not, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such series or any other series of Securities in any material respect; or

    

    
        - 41 -

    

    (j) to make any change that does not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such series or any other series of Securities in any material respect.

    9.2 Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders

     With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities of any series, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture which affect such series of Securities or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series,

    (a) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of (or premium, if any) or any installment of principal of or interest on any Security of such series, or reduce the principal amount thereof (or premium, if any) or the rate of interest, if any, thereon, or change any obligation of the Company to pay Additional Amounts contemplated by Section 10.5 (except as contemplated by Section 8.1(a) and permitted by Section 9.1(a)), or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security or Indexed Security of such series that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2 or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 5.4, or adversely affect any right of repayment at the option of any Holder of any Security of such series, or change any Place of Payment where, or the Currency in which, any Security of such series or any premium or interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption or repayment at the option of the Holder, on or after the Redemption Date or the Repayment Date, as the case may be), or adversely affect any right to convert or exchange any Security as may be provided pursuant to Section 3.1 herein; or

    (b) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture which affect such series or certain defaults applicable to such series hereunder and their consequences provided for in this Indenture; or

    (c) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 5.13 or Section 10.7, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture which affect such series cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series; or

    (d) modify any of the provisions of this Indenture relating to the subordination of Securities in a manner adverse to the Holders.

     A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series. Any such supplemental indenture adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture, or modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series, shall not affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

     The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Persons entitled to consent to any indenture supplemental hereto. If a record date is fixed, the Holders on such record date, or their duly designated proxies, and only such Persons, shall be entitled to consent to such supplemental indenture, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided that unless such consent shall have become effective by virtue of the requisite percentage having been obtained prior to the date which is 90 days after such record date, any such consent previously given shall automatically and without further action by any Holder be cancelled and of no further effect.

    

    
        - 42 -

    

     It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

    9.3 Execution of Supplemental Indentures

     In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be provided with, and shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

    9.4 Effect of Supplemental Indentures

     Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.

    9.5 Conformity with Trust Indenture Act

     Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

    9.6 Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures

     Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

    9.7 Notice of Supplemental Indentures

     Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of Section 9.2, the Company shall give notice thereof to the Holders of each Outstanding Security affected, in the manner provided for in Section 1.6, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture.

    ARTICLE 10
COVENANTS 

    10.1 Payment of Principal, Premium, if any, and Interest

     The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each series of Securities that it shall duly and punctually pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of the Securities and this Indenture.

    10.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency

     The Company shall maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities of that series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, as applicable and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served.

    

    
        - 43 -

    

     The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the same as its agents to receive such respective presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

     The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind any such designation; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in accordance with the requirements set forth above for Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency. Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities as contemplated by Section 3.1 with respect to a series of Securities, the Company hereby designates as a Place of Payment for each series of Securities the office or agency of the Company in the ♦, and initially appoints the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office as Paying Agent in such city and as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

    10.3 Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust

     If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities, it shall, on or before each due date of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any of the Securities of that series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable sufficient to pay the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on Securities of such series so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and shall promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

     Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it shall, on or before each due date of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum (in the Currency described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay the principal (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

     The Company shall cause each Paying Agent (other than the Trustee) for any series of Securities to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent shall:

    (a) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on Securities of such series in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

    (b) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of such series) in the making of any payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Securities of such series; and

    (c) at any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

     The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such sums.

    

    
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     Except as provided in the Securities of any series, any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any), or interest, if any, on any Security of any series, and remaining unclaimed for two years (or such shorter period as may be specified in the applicable abandoned property statutes) after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining shall be repaid to the Company.

    10.4 Statement as to Compliance

     The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a brief certificate from the principal executive officer(s), principal financial officer(s) or principal accounting officer(s) as to his or her knowledge of the Company's compliance with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 10.4, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice under this Indenture.

    10.5 Additional Amounts

     If the Securities of a series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts, the Company shall pay to the Holder of a Security of such series Additional Amounts as may be specified as contemplated by Section 3.1. Whenever in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Security of any series or the net proceeds received on the sale or exchange of any Security of any series, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional Amounts provided by the terms of such series established pursuant to Section 3.1 to the extent that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in respect thereof pursuant to such terms and express mention of the payment of Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any provisions hereof shall not be construed as excluding Additional Amounts in those provisions hereof where such express mention is not made.

     Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, if the Securities of a series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts, at least 10 days prior to the first Interest Payment Date with respect to that series of Securities (or if the Securities of that series shall not bear interest prior to Maturity, the first day on which a payment of principal and any premium is made), and at least 10 days prior to each date of payment of principal, premium or interest if there has been any change with respect to the matters set forth in the below-mentioned Officers' Certificate, the Company shall furnish the Trustee and the Company's principal Paying Agent or Paying Agents, if other than the Trustee, with an Officers' Certificate instructing the Trustee and such Paying Agent or Paying Agents whether such payment of principal, premium or interest on the Securities of that series shall be made to Holders of Securities of that series without withholding for or on account of any tax, assessment or other governmental charge described in the Securities of the series. If any such withholding shall be required, then such Officers' Certificate shall specify by country the amount, if any, required to be withheld on such payments to such Holders of Securities of that series and the Company shall pay to the Trustee or such Paying Agent the Additional Amounts required by the terms of such Securities. In the event that the Trustee or any Paying Agent, as the case may be, shall not so receive the above-mentioned certificate, then the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall be entitled (i) to assume that no such withholding or deduction is required with respect to any payment of principal or interest with respect to any Securities of a series until it shall have received a certificate advising otherwise and (ii) to make all payments of principal and interest with respect to the Securities of a series without withholding or deductions until otherwise advised. The Company covenants to indemnify the Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss, liability or expense reasonably incurred without negligence or bad faith on their part arising out of or in connection with actions taken or omitted by any of them in reliance on any Officers' Certificate furnished pursuant to this Section or in reliance on the Company's not furnishing such an Officers' Certificate.

    

    
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    10.6 Corporate Existence

     Subject to Article 8, the Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence and the rights (charter and statutory) and franchises of the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right or franchise if the Company shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as a whole.

    10.7 Waiver of Certain Covenants

     The Company may, with respect to any series of Securities, omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition which affects such series set forth in Section 10.6 or, as specified pursuant to Section 3.1(n) for Securities of such series, in any covenants of the Company added to Article 10 pursuant to Section 3.1(n) or Section 3.1(o) in connection with Securities of such series, if before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities of any series, by Act of such Holders, waive such compliance in such instance with such term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee to Holders of Securities of such series in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

    10.8 Calculation of Original Issue Discount

     If any Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities, then the Company shall file with the Trustee promptly at the end of each calendar year (i) a written notice specifying the amount of original issue discount (including daily rates and accrual periods) accrued on Outstanding Securities as of the end of such year and (ii) such other specified information relating to such original issue discount as may then be relevant under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

    ARTICLE 11
REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES 

    11.1 Applicability of Article

     Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

    11.2 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee

     The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company, the Company shall, at least 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and shall deliver to the Trustee such documentation and records as shall enable the Trustee to select the Securities to be redeemed pursuant to Section 11.3. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction.

    11.3 Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed

     If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series not previously called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions of the principal of Securities of such series; provided, however, that no such partial redemption shall reduce the portion of the principal amount of a Security not redeemed to less than the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of such series established pursuant to Section 3.1.

    

    
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     The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security Registrar (if other than itself) in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

     For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Security which has been or is to be redeemed.

    11.4 Notice of Redemption

     Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided for in Section 1.6 not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed. Failure to give notice in the manner provided in Section 1.6 to the Holder of any Securities designated for redemption as a whole or in part, or any defect in the notice to any such Holder, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities or portion thereof.

     Any notice that is mailed to the Holders in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the Holder receives the notice.

     All notices of redemption shall state:

    (a) the Redemption Date;

    (b) the Redemption Price and the amount of accrued interest to the Redemption Date payable as provided in Section 11.6, if any;

    (c) if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed;

    (d) in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice which relates to such Security shall state that on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder shall receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed;

    (e) that on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date payable as provided in Section 11.6 shall become due and payable upon each such Security, or the portion thereof, to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest thereon shall cease to accrue on and after said date;

    (f) the Place or Places of Payment where such Securities, if any, maturing after the Redemption Date, are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any; and

    (g) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case.

     Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.

    11.5 Deposit of Redemption Price

     On or prior to 10:00 a.m., ♦ time, on any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.3) an amount of money in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and accrued interest, if any, on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.

    

    
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    11.6 Securities Payable on Redemption Date

     Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (together with accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date), and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any) such Securities shall, if the same were interest-bearing, cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice maturing after the Redemption Date, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that installments of interest on Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.7.

     If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) set forth in such Security.

    11.7 Securities Redeemed in Part

     Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part (pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Article 12) shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or such Holder's attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered. However, if less than all of the Securities of any series with differing issue dates, interest rates and stated maturities are to be redeemed, the Company in its sole discretion shall select the particular Securities to be redeemed and shall notify the Trustee in writing thereof at least 45 days prior to the relevant redemption date.

    ARTICLE 12
SINKING FUNDS 

    12.1 Applicability of Article

     Retirements of Securities of any series pursuant to any sinking fund shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

     The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund payment", and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional sinking fund payment". If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any mandatory sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 12.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.

    12.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities

     Subject to Section 12.3, in lieu of making all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund payment with respect to any Securities of a series in cash, the Company may at its option (1) deliver to the Trustee Outstanding Securities of a series (other than any previously called for redemption) theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired by the Company, and/or (2) receive credit for the principal amount of Securities of such series which have been previously delivered to the Trustee by the Company or for Securities of such series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of the same series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series; provided, however, that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such mandatory sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.

    

    
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    12.3 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund

     Not less than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering or crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 12.2 (which Securities shall, if not previously delivered, accompany such certificate) and whether the Company intends to exercise its right to make a permitted optional sinking fund payment with respect to such series. Such certificate shall be irrevocable and upon its delivery the Company shall be obligated to make the cash payment or payments therein referred to, if any, on or before the next succeeding sinking fund payment date. In the case of the failure of the Company to deliver such certificate, the sinking fund payment due on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date for that series shall be paid entirely in cash and shall be sufficient to redeem the principal amount of such Securities subject to a mandatory sinking fund payment without the option to deliver or credit Securities as provided in Section 12.2 and without the right to make any optional sinking fund payment, if any, with respect to such series.

     Not more than 60 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 11.3 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 11.4. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 11.6 and 11.7.

     Prior to any sinking fund payment date, the Company shall pay to the Trustee or a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.3) in cash a sum equal to any interest that shall accrue to the date fixed for redemption of Securities or portions thereof to be redeemed on such sinking fund payment date pursuant to this Section 12.3.

     Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to a sinking fund for any series of Securities, if at any time the amount of cash to be paid into such sinking fund on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date, together with any unused balance of any preceding sinking fund payment or payments for such series, does not exceed in the aggregate $100,000, the Trustee, unless requested by the Company, shall not give the next succeeding notice of the redemption of Securities of such series through the operation of the sinking fund. Any such unused balance of moneys deposited in such sinking fund shall be added to the sinking fund payment for such series to be made in cash on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date or, at the request of the Company, shall be applied at any time or from time to time to the purchase of Securities of such series, by public or private purchase, in the open market or otherwise, at a purchase price for such Securities (excluding accrued interest and brokerage commissions, for which the Trustee or any Paying Agent shall be reimbursed by the Company) not in excess of the principal amount thereof.

    ARTICLE 13
REPAYMENT AT OPTION OF HOLDERS 

    13.1 Applicability of Article

     Repayment of Securities of any series before their Stated Maturity at the option of Holders thereof shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

    

    
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    13.2 Repayment of Securities

     Securities of any series subject to repayment in whole or in part at the option of the Holders thereof shall, unless otherwise provided in the terms of such Securities, be repaid at the Repayment Price thereof, together with interest, if any, thereon accrued to the Repayment Date specified in or pursuant to the terms of such Securities. The Company covenants that on or before the Repayment Date it shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.3) an amount of money in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable sufficient to pay the Repayment Price of and (except if the Repayment Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest, if any, on, all the Securities or portions thereof, as the case may be, to be repaid on such date.

    13.3 Exercise of Option

     Securities of any series subject to repayment at the option of the Holders thereof shall contain an "Option to Elect Repayment" form on the reverse of such Securities. To be repaid at the option of the Holder, any Security so providing for such repayment, with the "Option to Elect Repayment" form on the reverse of such Security duly completed by the Holder (or by the Holder's attorney duly authorized in writing), must be received by the Company at the Place of Payment therefor specified in the terms of such Security (or at such other place or places or which the Company shall from time to time notify the Holders of such Securities) not earlier than 45 days nor later than 30 days prior to the Repayment Date. If less than the Repayment Price of such Security is to be repaid in accordance with the terms of such Security, the portion of the Repayment Price of such Security to be repaid, in increments of the minimum denomination for Securities of such series, and the denomination or denominations of the Security or Securities to be issued to the Holder for the portion of such Security surrendered that is not to be repaid, must be specified. Any Security providing for repayment at the option of the Holder thereof may not be repaid in part if, following such repayment, the unpaid principal amount of such Security would be less than the minimum authorized denomination of Securities of the series of which such Security to be repaid is a part. Except as otherwise may be provided by the terms of any Security providing for repayment at the option of the Holder thereof, exercise of the repayment option by the Holder shall be irrevocable unless waived by the Company.

    13.4 When Securities Presented for Repayment Become Due and Payable

     If Securities of any series providing for repayment at the option of the Holders thereof shall have been surrendered as provided in this Article and as provided by or pursuant to the terms of such Securities, such Securities or the portions thereof, as the case may be, to be repaid shall become due and payable and shall be paid by the Company on the Repayment Date therein specified, and on and after such Repayment Date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of such Securities on such Repayment Date) such Securities shall, if the same were interest-bearing, cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such Security for repayment in accordance with such provisions maturing after the Repayment Date, the Repayment Price of such Security so to be repaid shall be paid by the Company, together with accrued interest, if any, to the Repayment Date; provided, however, that installments of interest, if any, whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Repayment Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.7.

     If any Security surrendered for repayment shall not be so repaid upon surrender thereof, the Repayment Price shall, until paid, bear interest from the Repayment Date at the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) set forth in such Security.

    13.5 Securities Repaid in Part

     Upon surrender of any Security which is to be repaid in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security, without service charge and at the expense of the Company, a new Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination specified by the Holder, in an aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the portion of the principal of such Security so surrendered which is not to be repaid.

    

    
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    ARTICLE 14
DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE 

    14.1 Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance

     Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of any series, the provisions of this Article 14 shall apply to each series of Securities, and the Company may, at its option, effect defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under Section 14.2, or covenant defeasance of or within a series under Section 14.3 in accordance with the terms of such Securities and in accordance with this Article.

    14.2 Defeasance and Discharge

     Upon the Company's exercise of the above option applicable to this Section with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to such Outstanding Securities on the date the conditions set forth in Section 14.4 are satisfied (hereinafter, "defeasance"). For this purpose, such defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Outstanding Securities, which shall thereafter be deemed to be "Outstanding" only for the purposes of Section 14.5 and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in (A) and (B) below, and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (A) the rights of Holders of such Outstanding Securities to receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 14.4 and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities when such payments are due, (B) the Company's obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 10.2 and 10.3 and with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, on such Securities as contemplated by Section 10.5, (C) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (D) this Article 14. Subject to compliance with this Article 14, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 14.2 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 14.3 with respect to such Securities.

    14.3 Covenant Defeasance. 

     Upon the Company's exercise of the above option applicable to this Section with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be released from its obligations under Article 8, Section 10.6 and any covenant specified pursuant to Section 3.1, its obligations under any other covenant, with respect to such Outstanding Securities on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 14.4 are satisfied (hereinafter, "covenant defeasance"), and such Securities shall thereafter be deemed not to be "Outstanding" for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed "Outstanding" for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect to such Outstanding Securities, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 5.1(d) or Section 5.1(h) or otherwise, as the case may be, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

    14.4 Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance

     The following shall be the conditions to application of either Section 14.2 or Section 14.3 to any Outstanding Securities of or within a series:

    (a) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the requirements of Section 6.7 who shall agree to comply with the provisions of this Article 14 applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, (A) an amount (in such Currency in which such Securities are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity), or (B) Government Obligations applicable to such Securities (determined on the basis of the Currency in which such Securities are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity) which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms shall provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment of principal of and premium, if any, and interest, if any, under such Securities, money in an amount, or (C) a combination thereof, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent chartered accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, (i) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Outstanding Securities and on the Stated Maturity (or Redemption Date, if applicable) of such principal (and premium, if any) or installment of principal or interest, if any, and (ii) any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to such Outstanding Securities on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of such Securities; provided that the Trustee shall have been irrevocably instructed to apply such money or the proceeds of such Government Obligations to said payments with respect to such Securities. Before such a deposit, the Company may give to the Trustee, in accordance with Section 11.2 hereof, a notice of its election to redeem all or any portion of such Outstanding Securities at a future date in accordance with the terms of the Securities of such series and Article 11 hereof, which notice shall be irrevocable. Such irrevocable redemption notice, if given, shall be given effect in applying the foregoing.

    

    
        - 51 -

    

    (b) No Default or Event of Default with respect to such Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or, insofar as clauses (e) and (f) of Section 5.1 are concerned, at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

    (c) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound.

    (d) In the case of an election under Section 14.2, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States stating that (x) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (y) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable U.S. federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Outstanding Securities shall not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and shall be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred.

    (e) In the case of an election under Section 14.3, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States to the effect that the Holders of such Outstanding Securities shall not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and shall be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred.

    (f) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section, such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or limitations in connection therewith pursuant to Section 3.1.

    (g) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to either the defeasance under Section 14.2 or the covenant defeasance under Section 14.3 (as the case may be) have been complied with.

    

    
        - 52 -

    

    (h) Either the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in Canada or a ruling from Canada Revenue Agency to the effect that the Holders of such Outstanding Securities shall not recognize income, gain or loss for Canadian federal, provincial or territorial income tax or other tax purpose as a result of such defeasance or covenant defeasance, as the case may be, and shall be subject to Canadian federal or provincial income tax and other tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case had such defeasance or covenant defeasance, as the case may be, not occurred (and for the purposes of such opinion, such Canadian counsel shall assume that Holders of the Securities include Holders who are not resident in Canada).

    14.5 Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions

     Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant to Section 3.1) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 14.5, the "Trustee") pursuant to Section 14.4 in respect of such Outstanding Securities shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

     The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 14.4 or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of such Outstanding Securities.

     Anything in this Article 14 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any money or Government Obligations (or other property and any proceeds therefrom) held by it as provided in Section 14.4 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, in accordance with this Article 14.

    14.6 Reinstatement

     If the Trustee or any Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in accordance with Section 14.5 by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the Company's obligations under this Indenture and such Securities shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 14.2 or 14.3, as the case may be, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 14.5; provided, however, that if the Company makes any payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any such Security following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or Paying Agent.

    This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same Indenture.

    [Signatures follow on next page]

    

    
        - 53 -

    

    IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

    	 	THE ALKALINE WATER COMPANY INC.
	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	Name: 	 
	 	Title:	 
	 	 	 
	 	 
	 	as Trustee
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	Name: 	 
	 	Title:

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