Document:

f8k112211ex10i_idt.htm

Exhibit 10.01

 

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

 

This EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated November 22, 2011, is by and between IDT Telecom, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and Abilio Pereira, an individual (the “Employee”).

 

WHEREAS, the Employee served as Chief Financial Officer of the Company’s parent company, IDT Corporation (“IDT”) pursuant to an Employment Agreement, effective as of January 2, 2009 (the “IDT Agreement”);

WHEREAS, in recognition of the Employee’s experience and abilities, the Company desires to assure itself of the employment of the Employee in accordance with the terms and conditions provided herein;

 

WHEREAS, the Employee wishes to perform services for the Company in accordance with the terms and conditions provided herein;

WHEREAS, the IDT Agreement is, simultaneously herewith being terminated; and

WHEREAS, the Company and the Employee wish to set out the terms of Employee’s employment by the Company;

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and the respective covenants and agreements of the parties herein contained, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

1. Employment.  The Company hereby agrees to employ the Employee, and the Employee hereby agrees to be employed by and perform services for the Company or its subsidiaries and affiliates, on the terms and conditions set forth herein.  For purposes of entitlement to benefits and other matters where length of service is calculated, all periods of service with IDT shall be credited to the Employee.

 

2. Term.  The term (the “Term”) of this Agreement shall commence as of the date set forth above (the “Start Date”) and terminate on December 31, 2014, or upon the Employee's earlier death, or other termination of employment pursuant to Section 9 hereof.  The Term shall automatically be renewed or extended for additional one year periods beyond its otherwise scheduled expiration unless, not later than ninety (90) days prior to any such expiration, either party hereto shall have notified the other party in writing that such renewal extension shall not take effect.

 

3. Position. During the Term, the Employee shall serve as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company and in such other capacities as shall be designated by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) and agreed to by the Employee from time to time.

 

4. Duties and Reporting Relationship.  During the Term, the Employee shall, on a full-time basis, use his skills and render services to the best of his abilities on behalf of the Company. The Employee shall report directly to the Chairman of the Board of the Company and the Board.  The Employee shall comply with all of the policies and procedures applicable to officers and employees of the Company.

 

5. Place of Performance.  The Employee shall perform his duties and conduct his business on a full-time basis at the Company’s Headquarters, except for required travel on Company business.

 

6. Compensation and Related Matters.

 

(a) Annual Base Salary.  The Company shall pay to the Employee an annual base salary (the “Base Salary”) at a rate of FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS ($500,000.00), payable in accordance with the Company’s standard payroll practices, less applicable taxes and customary withholdings.  

 

  

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(b) Executive Management Bonus Program.  In the event the Company (or IDT) establishes a bonus program for its senior executive management, the Employee shall also be entitled to participate in such program at a level as shall be approved by the Board and the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of IDT.

(c)       Equity Grant.  Within ten (10) days following the date hereof, the Company shall cause to be granted to the Employee (i) options to purchase 7,750 shares of Class B Common Stock of IDT, par value $0.01 per share (“Class B Stock”), with an exercise price equal to the fair market value on the date of grant, and (ii) 25,000 restricted shares of Class B Stock  Such options and restricted shares are to be granted pursuant to the Company’s 2005 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), be issued pursuant to an option agreement and a restricted stock grant agreement substantially in the forms annexed to the Plan, and vest in equal annual installments on the first through the third anniversaries of the grant date (the “Equity Grant”).  The options shall expire ten years after grant.

(d) Employee Benefits.  During the Term, the Employee will be eligible to participate in all medical, dental, life and disability programs available to employees of the Company (collectively the "Programs") subject to the terms and conditions of the Programs.  In addition, during the Term, the Employee will be eligible to participate in the 401(k) savings plan available to employees of the Company (the “401(k) plan”) subject to the terms and conditions of the 401(k) plan.

 

(e)           Business Expenses. The Company shall reimburse the Employee for all ordinary and necessary business expenses incurred by him in connection with his employment (including without limitation, expenses for travel (via coach class) and entertainment incurred in conducting or promoting business for the Company) upon submission by the Employee of receipts and other documentation in accordance with the Company's normal business expense reimbursement procedures.  The Employee must use the Company’s travel department to arrange for all business related travel.

(f)           Paid Vacation. The Company will provide the Employee with five (5) weeks of paid vacation during each calendar year during the Term.  The Employee shall also be entitled to  Company Closed Days, and Sick Days as outlined in the Company’s Policy Handbook for Employees..

 

7. Non-Disclosure and Non-Competition Agreement. The Employee acknowledges and agrees that the Non-Disclosure and Non-Competition Agreement he previously signed with IDT is in full force and effect and applies with respect to his service with the Company.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the remedies provided for in the Non-Disclosure and Non-Competition Agreement are separate and distinct from those provided for in this Agreement and in no event shall such remedies be superseded by any provision contained herein.

 

8. Representations. The Employee represents and warrants to the Company that the execution and delivery of this Agreement, do not, and the performance by the Employee of his obligations hereunder shall not, conflict with, result in the breach of any provisions of or the termination of, or constitute a default under, any agreement, contract, or other obligation to assign inventions or to keep information confidential, to which the Employee is a party or by which the Employee was, is, or may be bound.

 

  

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9. Termination.  The Employee’s employment hereunder may be terminated without breach of this Agreement as follows:

 

(a)           Death; Disability.  The Employee’s employment hereunder shall terminate upon his death or “Disability” (as hereinafter defined).  Upon any such termination, the Employee (or, in the event of his death, his estate) (i) shall receive any accrued or vested compensation, including salary, commission, bonus(es), through the “Date of Termination” (as hereinafter defined), (ii) shall be reimbursed for unpaid and approved business expenses (in accordance with the Company’s normal business expense reimbursement procedures) through such Date of Termination, and (iii) be entitled to retain all vested portions of equity awards as provided for in the relevant plans and agreements pursuant to which such awards were granted.  The Employee (and in the event of his death, his estate) shall not be entitled to any other amounts or benefits from the Company or otherwise, except payments pursuant to any Company life insurance program / policy then in effect.  For purposes of this Agreement, “Disability” shall mean the inability of the Employee to perform his duties on account of a physical or mental illness for a period of sixty (60) consecutive days or ninety (90) days in any six (6) month period.  If, during the Term, the Employee’s employment is terminated by reason of the Employee becoming Disabled, the Company shall pay to the Employee (or his estate as applicable) any accrued or vested compensation including salary, commission, bonus(es), through the Date of Termination and the Employee (or his estate as applicable) shall be reimbursed for unpaid and approved business expenses (in accordance with the Company’s normal business expense reimbursement procedures) through such Date of Termination.  Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, during any period of Disability, the Company shall not be obligated to pay any compensation or other amounts to the Employee except as expressly provided by the Programs then in effect.  In addition, in the event of the Employee’s death, the Company shall pay to the Employee’s estate his Base Salary (at the rate in effect at the time of his death) for the greater of (I)  the six month period following the Employee’s death or (II) the remainder of the Term of the Agreement, not to exceed one year.

 

(b)           Cause; Resignation Without Good Reason.  The Company may terminate the Employee’s employment hereunder for “Cause” (as hereinafter defined) or the Employee may resign from his position with the Company without “Good Reason” (as hereinafter defined).  For purposes of this Agreement, the Company shall have “Cause” to terminate the Employee’s employment hereunder (i) upon the Employee’s indictment or conviction for the commission of an act or acts constituting a felony under the laws of the United States or any State thereof, (ii) upon the Employee’s commission of fraud, embezzlement or gross negligence, (iii) upon the Employee’s willful or continued failure to perform an act permitted by the Company’s rules, policies or procedures, including without limitation, the Company’s (or IDT’s to the extent applicable to Company employees) Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Conduct”) that is within his material duties hereunder (other than by reason of physical or mental illness or disability) or directives of the Board after written notice has been delivered to the Employee by the Company, which notice specifically identifies the manner in which the Employee has not substantially performed his duties, and the Employee's failure to substantially perform his duties is not cured within fifteen (15) business days after notice of such failure has been given to the Employee; (iv) upon any misrepresentation by the Employee of a material fact to or concealment by the Employee of a material fact from the Board, the Board of Directors of IDT, the Chairman of the Board of the Company, and/or the general counsel of the Company or IDT; or (v) upon any material violation of the Company’s rules, policies or procedures, including without limitation, the Code of Conduct.  For purposes of this Section 9(b), no act or failure to act on the Employee's part shall be deemed "willful" unless done or omitted to be done, by the Employee not in good faith and without reasonable belief that the Employee's act, or failure to act, was in the best interest of the Company.

 

If the Company terminates the Employee’s employment for Cause, or if the Employee shall resign from the Company without Good Reason, the Employee shall not be entitled to any severance payments, any unvested stock options, or other unvested equity incentive awards (including the Equity Grant) shall terminate, and the Employee shall relinquish any and all rights to any amounts payable and to any benefits otherwise provided for herein, provided that the Employee shall (A) be entitled to receive accrued or vested compensation, including salary, commission, and bonus(es), through the Date of Termination, and (B) have the right to be reimbursed for unpaid and approved business expenses (in accordance with the Company’s normal business expense reimbursement procedures) through such Date of Termination.

  

If the Employee resigns from the Company without Good Reason, or if the Employee does not intend to seek renewal of the Term, the Employee shall provide written notice to the Company at least ninety (90) days prior to the actual Date of Termination of the Employee’s employment, which ninety (90) day notice period may be waived by the Company in its sole discretion.

 

(c)           Termination Without Cause; Resignation for Good Reason. The Employee’s employment hereunder may also be terminated by the Company at any time for any reason without Cause or by the Employee for “Good Reason”.

 

  

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For purposes of this Agreement, the Employee shall have “Good Reason” to terminate his employment hereunder upon (i) the Company’s failure to perform its material duties hereunder, which failure has not been cured by the Company within fifteen (15) days of its receipt of written notice thereof from the Employee; (ii) a reduction by the Company (without the consent of the Employee, which consent may be revoked at any time) in the Employee’s Base Salary, or substantial reduction in the other benefits provided to the Employee; (iii) the assignment to the Employee of duties inconsistent with the Employee’s status as a senior executive officer of the Company or a substantial adverse alteration in the nature or status of the Employee’s responsibilities; (iv) a substantial diminution of the Employee’s responsibilities as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company; (v) the relocation of the Employee’s principle place of employment to a location more than thirty-five (35) miles from any of its current New Jersey location or outside of the New York City metropolitan area; (vi) removal of the Employee from the office of Chief Executive Officer of the Company (without the consent of the Employee); (vii) the assignment of duties inconsistent with the Company’s rules, policies or procedures, including without limitation, the Code of Conduct; (viii) any purported termination of the Employee’s employment not in accordance with the terms hereof; or (ix) any “Change in Control” of the Company.  For purposes of this Agreement, a “Change in Control” shall mean and shall be deemed to have occurred if (A) the Company or its assets shall be sold to a party unaffiliated with IDT, (B) any person or group (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the rules and regulations promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), other than Howard Jonas, members of his immediate family, his affiliates, trusts or private foundations established by or on his behalf, and the heirs, executors or administrators of Howard Jonas, shall acquire in one or a series of transactions, whether through sale of stock or merger, more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of IDT, or (C) the stockholders of IDT or the Company shall approve a complete liquidation or dissolution of IDT or the Company. The Employee's right to terminate the Employee’s employment for Good Reason shall not be affected by the Employee's incapacity due to physical or mental illness.  The Employee's continued employment shall not constitute consent to, or a waiver of rights, with respect to any act or failure to act constituting Good Reason hereunder.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, a termination shall not be treated as a resignation for Good Reason if the Employee shall have consented in writing to the occurrence of the event giving rise to the claim of resignation for Good Reason.

 

If the Employee gives notice of his intent to terminate his employment with Good Reason, the Employee shall first provide written notice to the Company, which notice specifically identifies the event or circumstances giving rise to the Good Reason for which the Employee is terminating his employment, within ninety (90) days of when such event or circumstance giving rise to the Good Reason becomes effective or transpires.  The notice of Good Reason must give the Company the opportunity to cure and if the Company fails to cure within thirty (30) business days of its receipt of the notice, the Employee’s resignation for Good Reason shall be deemed effective.

  

If the Company terminates the Employee’s employment without Cause or the Employee terminates his employment for Good Reason, (1) the Company shall provide the Employee with at least ninety (90) days’ notice (which time period may be shortened by mutual agreement of the parties) of its intent to terminate this Agreement without Cause; (2) the Company shall pay to the Employee all accrued or vested compensation, including salary, commission, and bonus(es) through the Date of Termination, (3) the Company shall reimburse the Employee for unpaid and approved business expenses through such Date of Termination (in accordance with the Company’s normal business expense reimbursement procedures), and (4) all awards theretofore granted to the Employee under the Company’s incentive plans (including the Equity Grant) shall immediately vest (and the restrictions thereon lapse) on the day immediately prior to the Date of Termination, and (5) the Company shall pay to the Employee a severance payment equal to the greater of (i) his Base Salary (at the rate in effect on the Termination Date) for the remainder of the Term, or (ii) EIGHT HUNDRED FIFTY THOUSAND DOLLARS ($850,000.00) (the “Severance Payment”).  As a condition to receiving the Severance Payment, the Employee will be required to execute and deliver the Company’s standard release agreement (the “Release Agreement”). Subject to Section 19 hereof, the Severance Payment will be paid one-half (1/2) within five business days of the effective date of the Release Agreement, and one-half (1/2) in equal payments over the six (6) month period following the effective date of the Release Agreement on the Company’s regularly scheduled payroll payment dates.

 

  

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(d)           Severance upon expiration of the Term.  Upon expiration of the Term, and in the event that the Company does not offer to extend the Term, the Employee shall also be entitled to receive (1) all accrued or vested compensation, including salary, commission, and bonus(es) through the Date of Termination, (2) unpaid and approved business expenses through such Date of Termination (in accordance with the Company’s normal business expense reimbursement procedures), and (3) a severance payment in the amount of to EIGHT HUNDRED FIFTY THOUSAND DOLLARS ($850,000.00), subject to his execution and delivery of a Release Agreement.  Subject to Section 19 hereof, the severance payment will be paid one-half (1/2) within five business days of the effective date of the Release Agreement, and one-half (1/2) in equal payments over the six (6) month period following the effective date of the Release Agreement on the Company’s regularly scheduled payroll payment dates.  In addition, all awards theretofore granted to the Employee under the Company’s incentive plans (including the Equity Grant) shall immediately vest (and the restrictions thereon lapse) on the day immediately prior to the Date of Termination.

 

(e)           Notice of Termination. Any termination of the Employee’s employment by the Company (other than termination upon the death of the Employee) or by the Employee shall be communicated by written Notice of Termination by such party to the other in accordance with Section 10 hereof.  For purposes of this Agreement, a “Notice of Termination” shall mean a notice that shall indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon and shall set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination of the Employee’s employment under the provision so indicated (as applicable).

 

(f)           Date of Termination. “Date Of Termination” shall mean (i) if the Employee’s employment is terminated by his death, the date of his death, (ii) the date of expiration of the Term if either party elects not to renew the Term for an additional year or (iii) if the Employee’s employment is terminated pursuant to any of the other terms set forth above, the date specified in the Notice of Termination.

 

10. Notices.  For the purposes of this Agreement, notices, demands and all other communications provided for in this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when delivered or (unless otherwise specified) mailed by United States certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or by an overnight courier (signature required), sent by facsimile (with evidence of successful transmission) or by electronic mail (return receipt requested) in each case addressed as follows:

 

If to the Company:

 

IDT Telecom, Inc.

520 Broad Street

Newark, New Jersey 07102

Attn:   Chairman of the Board

with a copy to:

 

IDT Corporation

520 Broad Street

Newark, New Jersey 07102

Attn:    General Counsel

If to the Employee:

 

Abilio Pereira

35 Mine Brook Road

Far Hills, NJ  07931

or to such other address, facsimile number or email address as either party may have furnished to the other in accordance herewith, except that notices of change of address shall be effective only upon receipt.

 

  

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11. Miscellaneous.  No provision of this Agreement may be modified, waived or discharged unless such waiver, modification or discharge is agreed to in writing signed by the Employee and such officer of the Company as may be specifically designated by the Board.  No waiver by either party hereto at any time of any breach by the other party hereto of, or compliance with, any condition or provision of this Agreement to be performed by such other party shall be deemed a waiver of similar or dissimilar provisions or conditions at the same or at any prior or subsequent time.  No agreements or representations, oral or otherwise, express or implied, with respect to the subject matter hereof have been made by either party, which are not set forth expressly in this Agreement.   This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Company, and its successors and assigns, and upon the Employee.  The obligations of the Employee shall not be assignable or otherwise transferable.

 

12. Validity.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect.

  

13. Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.

 

14. Entire Agreement.  Other than the Company’s Non-Disclosure and Non-Competition Agreement referenced above, this Agreement sets forth the entire agreement of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein and supersedes any and all other prior agreements, promises, covenants, arrangements, communications, representations or warranties, whether oral or written, by any officer, employee or representative of any party hereof; and any prior agreement of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein is hereby terminated and canceled.

 

15. Arbitration.  Except as set forth in Section 7 and Section 17, the Employee and the Company agree that any claim, controversy or dispute between the Employee and the Company (including, without limitation, its affiliates, officers, representative or agents) arising out of or relating to this Agreement, the employment of the Employee, the cessation of employment of the Employee, or any matter relating to the foregoing shall be submitted to and settled by commercial arbitration in a forum of the American Arbitration Association ("AAA") located in the State of New Jersey and conducted in accordance with the National Rules for the Resolution of Employment Disputes.  In such arbitration: (i) the arbitrator shall agree to treat all evidence and other information presented by the parties to the same extent as Confidential Information under the Non-Disclosure and Non-Competition Agreement must be held confidential by the Employee, (ii) the arbitrator shall have no authority to amend or modify any of the terms of this Agreement, and (iii) the arbitrator shall have ten business days from the closing statements or submission of post-hearing briefs by the parties to render his or her decision.  Any arbitration award shall be final and binding upon the parties, and any court, state or federal, having jurisdiction may enter a judgment on the award.  Each party shall bear its/his own costs of participating in any arbitration proceedings or other dispute proceedings.  The foregoing requirement to arbitrate claims, controversies, and disputes applies to all claims or demands by the Employee, including, without limitation any rights or claims the Employee may have under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (which prohibits age discrimination in employment), Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (which prohibits discrimination in employment based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, or pregnancy), the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1991 (which prohibits discrimination in employment against qualified persons with a disability), the Equal Pay Act (which prohibits paying men and women unequal pay for equal work), ERISA, the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination, the New Jersey Conscientious Employee Protection Act (or other federal or state whistleblower laws), or any other federal, state, or local laws or regulations pertaining to the Employee’s employment or the termination of the Employee's employment.

 

16. Choice of Law.  The validity, interpretation, construction and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of New Jersey without regard to its conflicts of law principles. 

 

  

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17. Remedies of the Company.  Notwithstanding the arbitration provisions of Section 15, upon any termination for Cause that may cause irreparable harm to the Company or upon the violation of the Company’s Non-Disclosure and Non-Competition Agreement, the Company shall be entitled, if it so elects, to institute and prosecute proceedings to obtain injunctive relief and damages, costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses, with respect to such termination.

 

18. Representations.  The Employee has been advised to obtain independent counsel to evaluate the terms, conditions, and covenants set forth herein and he has been afforded ample opportunity to obtain such independent advice and evaluation.  The Employee warrants to the Company that he has relied upon such independent counsel and not upon any representation (legal or otherwise), statement, or advice said or offered by the Company or the Company’s counsel in connection herewith.

 

19. Section 409A.  All provisions of this Agreement shall be construed and interpreted in a manner consistent with the requirements for avoiding taxes or penalties under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 409A”).  By way of example, and not limitation, it is the intent of the parties that the Severance Payment be exempt from the application of Section 409A pursuant to the “short-term deferral” rule set forth in Section 1.409A-1(b)(4) of the Treasury Regulations. Notwithstanding the above, if the Company determines that the Severance Payment constitutes “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A, payment of such Severance Payment shall not commence until the Employee incurs a “separation from service” within the meaning of Treasury Regulation §1.409A−1(h) (“Separation from Service”). If, at the time of Employee's Separation from Service, the Employee is a “specified employee” (under Section 409A), such Severance Payment shall not be paid until after the earlier of (i) the expiration of the six−month period measured from the date of Employee’s Separation from Service with the Company, or (ii) the date of the Employee's death (the “409A Suspension Period”).

 

  

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date and year first written above.

 

 

IDT Telecom, Inc.

By:   /s/ Howard Jonas      

Howard Jonas

Chairman of the Board 

EMPLOYEE:

 

 /s/ Abilio Pereira     

Abilio Pereira

 

 

 

8ex-4_3.htm

LightPath Technologies, Inc. S-1/A 

 

 

Exhibit 4.3

 

 

 

 

WARRANT AGREEMENT

 

BETWEEN

 

LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

 

AND

 

REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER COMPANY

 

 

 

DATED AS OF ___________________________, 2011

 

 

  

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WARRANT AGREEMENT

 

This Warrant Agreement (the “Agreement”), dated as of ________, 2011, is between LightPath Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and Registrar and Transfer Company, a New Jersey corporation (the “Warrant Agent”).

 

The Company, at or about the time that it is entering into this Agreement, proposes to issue and sell to public investors up to 4,500,000 Units (together with the additional units issuable as provided herein, the “Units”).  Each Unit consists of one share of Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, of the Company (the “Common Stock”), one Warrant A to purchase 0.25 shares of Common Stock (the “Warrant A”), and one Warrant B to purchase 0.25 shares of Common Stock (the “Warrant B”, and together with the Warrant As, the “Warrants”).  The Warrants are exercisable upon the terms and conditions and subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, all as set forth in this Agreement.

 

The Company wishes to retain the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing so to act, in connection with the issuance, transfer, exchange and replacement of the certificates evidencing the Warrants to be issued under this Agreement (the “Warrant Certificates”) and the exercise of the Warrants.

 

The Company and the Warrant Agent wish to enter into this Agreement to set forth the terms and conditions of the Warrants and the rights of the holders thereof (the “Warrantholders”) and to set forth the respective rights and obligations of the Company and the Warrant Agent.  Each Warrantholder is an intended beneficiary of this Agreement with respect to the rights of Warrantholders herein.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual agreements herein set forth, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

1.           Appointment of Warrant Agent.  The Company appoints the Warrant Agent to act as agent for the Company in accordance with the instructions in this Agreement and the Warrant Agent accepts such appointment.

 

2.           Date, Denomination and Execution of Warrant Certificates.

 

(a)           The Warrant Certificates (and the Form of Election to Purchase and the Form of Assignment to be printed on the reverse thereof) shall be in registered form only and shall be substantially of the tenor and purport recited in Exhibit A attached hereto with respect to Warrant As and Exhibit B attached hereto with respect to Warrant Bs, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends, summaries or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any law, or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto, or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which the Common Stock may be listed or any automated quotation system, or to conform to usage.  Each Warrant Certificate shall entitle the registered holder thereof, subject to the provisions of this Agreement and of the Warrant Certificate, to purchase, on or after _________, 2011 and on or before the close of business on _________, 20__ (the “Expiration Date”), one-fourth of one (0.25) fully paid and non-assessable share of Common Stock for each Warrant evidenced by such Warrant Certificate for $_____ per share.  The exercise price of the Warrants (the “Exercise Price”) is subject to adjustments as provided in Section 6 hereof.  Each Warrant Certificate issued as a part of a Unit offered to the public as described in the recitals, above, shall be dated _______, 2011; each other Warrant Certificate shall be dated the date on which the Warrant Agent receives valid issuance instructions from the Company or a transferring holder of a Warrant Certificate or, if such instructions specify another date, such other date.

 

  

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(b)           For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Close of Business” on any given date shall mean 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on such date; provided, however, that if such date is not a business day, it shall mean 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the next succeeding business day.  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Business Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday, or a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York or in the State in which the Warrant Agent maintains the principal office in which it conducts business related to the Warrants are authorized or obligated by law to be closed.

 

(c)           Each Warrant Certificate shall be executed on behalf of the Company by the Chairman of the Board, its Chief Executive Officer, its President, its Chief Financial Officer or a Vice President, either manually or by facsimile signature printed thereon.  Each Warrant Certificate shall be manually countersigned by the Warrant Agent and shall not be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned.  In case any officer of the Company who shall have signed any Warrant Certificate shall cease to be such officer of the Company before countersignature by the Warrant Agent and issue and delivery thereof by the Company, such Warrant Certificate, nevertheless, may be countersigned by the Warrant Agent, issued and delivered with the same force and effect as though the person who signed such Warrant Certificate had not ceased to be such officer of the Company.

 

3.           Subsequent Issue of Warrant Certificates.  Subsequent to their original issuance, no Warrant Certificates shall be reissued except (i) Warrant Certificates issued upon transfer thereof in accordance with Section 4 hereof, (ii) Warrant Certificates issued upon any combination, split-up or exchange of Warrant Certificates pursuant to Section 4 hereof, (iii) Warrant Certificates issued in replacement of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Warrant Certificates pursuant to Section 5 hereof, (iv) Warrant Certificates issued upon the partial exercise of Warrant Certificates pursuant to Section 7 hereof, and (v) Warrant Certificates issued to reflect any adjustment or change in the Exercise Price or the number or kind of shares purchasable thereunder pursuant to Section 22 hereof.  The Warrant Agent is hereby irrevocably authorized to countersign and deliver, in accordance with the provisions of Sections 4, 5, 7 and 22, the new Warrant Certificates required for purposes thereof, and the Company, whenever required by the Warrant Agent, will supply the Warrant Agent with Warrant Certificates duly executed on behalf of the Company for such purposes.

 

4.           Transfers and Exchanges of Warrant Certificates.

 

(a)           The Warrant Agent will keep or cause to be kept books for registration of ownership and transfer of the Warrant Certificates issued hereunder. Such registers shall show the names and addresses of the respective holders of the Warrant Certificates and the number of Warrants evidenced by each such Warrant Certificate.

 

(b)           The Warrant Agent shall, from time to time, register the transfer of any outstanding Warrants upon the books to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose, upon surrender of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrants, with the Form of Assignment duly filled in and executed with such signature guaranteed by a banking institution or FINRA member and such supporting documentation as the Warrant Agent or the Company may reasonably require, to the Warrant Agent at its stock transfer office at any time on or before the Expiration Date of such Warrant, and upon payment to the Warrant Agent for the account of the Company of an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax. Payment of the amount of such tax may be made in cash, or by certified or official bank check, payable in lawful money of the United States of America to the order of the Company.

 

  

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(c)           Upon receipt of a Warrant Certificate, with the Form of Assignment duly filled in and executed, accompanied by payment of an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax, the Warrant Agent shall promptly cancel the surrendered Warrant Certificate and countersign and deliver to the transferee a new Warrant Certificate for the number of full Warrants transferred to such transferee; provided, however, that in case the registered holder of any Warrant Certificate shall elect to transfer fewer than all of the Warrants evidenced by such Warrant Certificate, the Warrant Agent in addition shall promptly countersign and deliver to such registered holder a new Warrant Certificate or Certificates for the number of full Warrants not so transferred.

 

(d)           Any Warrant Certificate or Certificates may be exchanged at the option of the holder thereof for another Warrant Certificate or Certificates of different denominations, of like tenor and representing in the aggregate the same number of Warrants, upon surrender of such Warrant Certificate or Certificates, with the Form of Assignment duly filled in and executed, to the Warrant Agent, at any time or from time to time after the close of business on the date hereof and prior to the close of business on the Expiration Date relating to such Warrant.  The Warrant Agent shall promptly cancel the surrendered Warrant Certificate and deliver the new Warrant Certificate pursuant to the provisions of this Section.

 

5.           Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Warrant Certificates.  Upon receipt by the Company and the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any Warrant Certificate, and in the case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to them, and reimbursement to them of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of the Warrant Certificate, the Warrant Agent shall countersign and deliver a new Warrant Certificate of like tenor for the same class and number of Warrants.

 

6.           Adjustments of Number of Shares and Kind of Shares Purchasable and Exercise Price.  The number and kind of securities or other property purchasable upon exercise of a Warrant shall be subject to adjustment from time to time upon the occurrence, after the date hereof, of any of the following events:

 

(a)           In case the Company shall (1) pay a dividend in, or make a distribution of, shares of capital stock on its outstanding Common Stock, (2) subdivide its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of such shares, or (3) combine its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of such shares, the total number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant outstanding immediately prior thereto shall be adjusted so that the holder of any Warrant Certificate thereafter surrendered for exercise shall be entitled to receive at the same aggregate Exercise Price the number of shares of capital stock (of one or more classes) which such holder would have owned or have been entitled to receive immediately following the happening of any of the events described above had such Warrant been exercised in full immediately prior to the record date with respect to such event.  Any adjustment made pursuant to this Subsection shall, in the case of a stock dividend or distribution, become effective as of the record date therefor and, in the case of a subdivision or combination, be made as of the effective date thereof.  If, as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to this Subsection, the holder of any Warrant Certificate thereafter surrendered for exercise shall become entitled to receive shares of two or more classes of capital stock of the Company, the Board of Directors of the Company (whose determination shall be conclusive and shall be evidenced by a Board resolution filed with the Warrant Agent) shall determine the allocation of the adjusted Exercise Price between or among shares of such classes of capital stock.

 

  

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(b)           In the event of a capital reorganization or a reclassification of the Common Stock (except as provided in Subsection (a) above or Subsection (d) below), any Warrantholder, upon exercise of Warrants, shall be entitled to receive, in substitution for the Common Stock to which he would have become entitled upon exercise immediately prior to such reorganization or reclassification, the shares (of any class or classes) or other securities or property of the Company (or cash) that he would have been entitled to receive at the same aggregate Exercise Price upon such reorganization or reclassification if such Warrants had been exercised immediately prior to the record date with respect to such event; and in any such case, appropriate provision (as determined by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be conclusive and shall be evidenced by a certified Board resolution filed with the Warrant Agent) shall be made for the application of this Section 6 with respect to the rights and interests thereafter of the Warrantholders (including but not limited to the allocation of the Exercise Price between or among shares of classes of capital stock), to the end that this Section 6 (including the adjustments of the number of shares of Common Stock or other securities purchasable and the Exercise Price thereof) shall thereafter be reflected, as nearly as reasonably practicable, in all subsequent exercises of the Warrants for any shares or securities or other property (or cash) thereafter deliverable upon the exercise of the Warrants.

 

(c)           Whenever the number of shares of Common Stock or other securities purchasable upon exercise of a Warrant is adjusted as provided in this Section 6, the Company will promptly file with the Warrant Agent a certificate signed by a Chairman or co-Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive, the President, the Chief Financial Officer or a Vice President of the Company and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company setting forth the number and kind of securities or other property purchasable upon exercise of a Warrant, as so adjusted, stating that such adjustments in the number or kind of shares or other securities or property conform to the requirements of this Section 6, and setting forth a brief statement of the facts accounting for such adjustments.  Promptly after receipt of such certificate, the Company, or the Warrant Agent at the Company’s request, will deliver, by first-class, postage prepaid mail, a brief summary thereof (to be supplied by the Company) to the registered holders of the outstanding Warrant Certificates; provided, however, that failure to file or to give any notice required under this Subsection, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of any such adjustments under this Section 6; and provided, further, that, where appropriate, such notice may be given in advance and included as part of the notice required to be given pursuant to Section 12 hereof.

 

(d)           In case of any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company into, another corporation (other than a consolidation or merger which does not result in any reclassification or change of the outstanding Common Stock), or in case of any sale or conveyance to another corporation of the property of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety, the corporation formed by such consolidation or merger or the corporation which shall have acquired such assets, as the case may be, shall execute and deliver to the Warrant Agent a supplemental warrant agreement providing that the holder of each Warrant then outstanding shall have the right thereafter (until the expiration of such Warrant) to receive, upon exercise of such Warrant, solely the kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities and property (or cash) receivable upon such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock of the Company for which such Warrant might have been exercised immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer.  Such supplemental warrant agreement shall provide for adjustments which shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided in this Section.  The above provision of this Subsection shall similarly apply to successive consolidations, mergers, sales or transfers.

 

  

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The Warrant Agent shall not be under any responsibility to determine the correctness of any provision contained in any such supplemental warrant agreement relating to either the kind or amount of shares of stock or securities or property (or cash) purchasable by holders of Warrant Certificates upon the exercise of their Warrants after any such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer or of any adjustment to be made with respect thereto, but subject to the provisions of Section 20 hereof, may accept as conclusive evidence of the correctness of any such provisions, and shall be protected in relying upon, a certificate of a firm of independent certified public accountants (who may be the accountants regularly employed by the Company) with respect thereto.

 

(e)           Irrespective of any adjustments in the number or kind of shares issuable upon exercise of Warrants, Warrant Certificates theretofore or thereafter issued may continue to express the same price and number and kind of shares as are stated in the similar Warrant Certificates initially issuable pursuant to this Warrant Agreement.

 

(f)           For the purpose of this Section, the term “Common Stock” shall mean (i) the Common Stock or (ii) any other class of stock resulting from successive changes or reclassifications of such Common Stock consisting solely of changes in par value, or from par value to no par value, or from no par value to par value.  In the event that at any time as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to this Section, the holder of any Warrant thereafter surrendered for exercise shall become entitled to receive any shares of capital stock of the Company other than shares of Common Stock, thereafter the number of such other shares so receivable upon exercise of any Warrant shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with respect to the Common Stock contained in this Section, and all other provisions of this Agreement, with respect to the Common Stock, shall apply on like terms to any such other shares.

 

7.           Exercise of Warrants; Forced Exercise of Warrants.  Except with respect to Warrants that have been previously exercised as provided in this Section 7, the registered holder of any Warrant Certificate may exercise the Warrants evidenced thereby, in whole at any time or in part from time to time at or prior to the close of business, on the Expiration Date, subject to the provisions of Section 9, at which time the Warrant Certificates shall be and become wholly void and of no value. Warrants may be exercised by their holders or forced to exercise by the Company as follows:

 

(a)           Exercise of Warrants shall be accomplished upon surrender of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrants, with the Form of Election to Purchase on the reverse side thereof duly filled in and executed, to the Warrant Agent at its stock transfer office, together with payment to the Company of the Exercise Price (as of the date of such surrender) of the Warrants then being exercised and an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax and, if requested by the Company, any other taxes or governmental charges which the Company may be required by law to collect in respect of such exercise.  Payment of the Exercise Price and other amounts may be made by wire transfer of good funds, or by certified or bank cashier’s check, payable in lawful money of the United States of America to the order of the Company. No adjustment shall be made for any cash dividends, whether paid or declared, on any securities issuable upon exercise of a Warrant.

 

  

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(b)           Upon receipt of a Warrant Certificate, with the Form of Election to Purchase duly filled in and executed, accompanied by payment of the Exercise Price of the Warrants being exercised (and of an amount equal to any applicable taxes or government charges as aforesaid), the Warrant Agent shall promptly request from the Transfer Agent with respect to the securities to be issued and deliver to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Warrant Certificate, in such name or names as such registered holder may designate, a certificate or certificates for the number of full shares of the securities to be purchased, together with cash made available by the Company pursuant to Section 8 hereof in respect of any fraction of a share of such securities otherwise issuable upon such exercise.  If the Warrant is then exercisable to purchase property other than securities, the Warrant Agent shall take appropriate steps to cause such property to be delivered to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Warrant Certificate.  In addition, if it is required by law and upon instruction by the Company, the Warrant Agent will deliver to each Warrantholder a prospectus which complies with the provisions of Section 9 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Company agrees to supply Warrant Agent with sufficient number of prospectuses to effectuate that purpose.

 

(c)           In case the registered holder of any Warrant Certificate shall exercise fewer than all of the Warrants evidenced by such Warrant Certificate, the Warrant Agent shall promptly countersign and deliver to the registered holder of such Warrant Certificate, or to his duly authorized assigns, a new Warrant Certificate or Certificates evidencing the number and class of Warrants that were not so exercised.

 

(d)           Each person in whose name any certificate for securities is issued upon the exercise of Warrants shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of record of the securities represented thereby as of, and such certificate shall be dated, the date upon which the Warrant Certificate was duly surrendered in proper form and payment of the Exercise Price (and of any applicable taxes or other governmental charges) was made; provided, however, that if the date of such surrender and payment is a date on which the stock transfer books of the Company are closed, such person shall be deemed to have become the record holder of such shares as of, and the certificate for such shares shall be dated, the next succeeding business day on which the stock transfer books of the Company are open (whether before, on or after the Expiration Date relating to such Warrant) and the Warrant Agent shall be under no duty to deliver the certificate for such shares until such date.  The Company covenants and agrees that it shall not cause its stock transfer books to be closed for a period of more than twenty (20) consecutive business days except upon consolidation, merger, sale of all or substantially all of its assets, dissolution or liquidation or as otherwise provided by law.

 

(e)           The Company shall not effect any exercise of a Warrant, and a holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of a Warrant, pursuant to Section 7 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Form of Election to Purchase, such holder (together with such holder’s affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with such holder or any of such holder’s affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).  For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such holder and its affiliates shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of 

 

  

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Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of the Warrant beneficially owned by the holder or any of its affiliates and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Equity Securities) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by such holder or any of its affiliates.  Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 7(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by such holder that the Company is not representing to such holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and such holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith.   To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 7(e) applies, the determination of whether the Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the holder together with any affiliates) and of which portion of the Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of such holder, and the submission of a Form of Election to Purchase shall be deemed to be such holder’s determination of whether the Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by such holder together with any affiliates) and of which portion of the Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company and the Warrant Agent shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination.   In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.  For purposes of this Section 7(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, such holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Warrant Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.  Upon the written or oral request of a holder, the Warrant Agent shall within two Business Days confirm orally and in writing to such holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding.  In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including the Warrant, by such holder or its affiliates since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported.  The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant.  Such holder, upon not less than 61 days’ prior notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 7(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant held by such holder and the provisions of this Section 7(e) shall continue to apply.  Any such increase or decrease will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company.  The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 7(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of the Warrant.

(f)           The Company, at its option, may force the Warrantholders to exercise the Warrants Bs then outstanding into shares of Common Stock, in whole or in part on a pro-rata basis, at any time after _________, 2012.  Following such date, if the price per share of Common Stock is equal to or greater than the volume-weighted average closing price of $ ______ [150% of Unit Price] for any thirty (30) consecutive trading-day period (the end of any such period, the “Exercise Trigger Date”), the Company may elect to force Warrantholders to exercise the Warrant Bs into shares of Common Stock by delivering a notice to each Warrantholder no later than fifteen (15) days following such Exercise Trigger Date as provided in Section 7(g) below (the “Forced Exercise Notice”).  Forced Exercise Notices shall be given no later than fifteen (15) days following the applicable Exercise Trigger Date by mailing, by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, a copy of such notice to the Warrant Agent and to all of the holders of record of Warrant Bs at their respective addresses appearing on the books or transfer records of the Company or such other address designated in writing by the holder of record to the Warrant Agent.  The date of delivery of the Forced Exercise Notice shall be the “Delivery Date.”

 

  

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(g)           The Warrantholders shall have twenty (20) days following the Delivery Date to exercise the Warrants Bs that have been called for forced exercise pursuant to Section 7(f), in the manner provided in Section 7(a).  Any Warrant Bs that have been called for forced exercise pursuant to Section 7(f), together with payment of the Exercise Price for all such Warrant Bs, that have not been delivered to the Warrant Agent for exercise after twenty (20) days following the Delivery Date shall be cancelled and all rights of the Warrantholders with respect to such Warrant Bs shall terminate.

(h)           Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 7, the Company may not provide a Forced Exercise Notice pursuant to this Section 7 at any time at which the Warrant Bs are not currently exercisable as a result of the application of Section 9.  If, during the period between the Forced Exercise Notice and the Delivery Date, the Warrant Bs become not currently exercisable as a result of the application of Section 9, the Delivery Date shall be extended and deemed to be the tenth business day after such restriction on exercise lapses.

8.           Fractional Interests.  The Company shall not be required to issue any Warrant Certificate evidencing a fraction of a Warrant or to issue fractions of shares of securities on the exercise of the Warrants. If any fraction (calculated to the nearest one-hundredth) of a Warrant or a share of securities would, except for the provisions of this Section, be issuable on the exercise of any Warrant, the Company shall, at its option, either purchase such fraction for an amount in cash equal to the current value of such fraction computed on the basis of the closing market price of a Warrant of the same class (as quoted on the principal exchange or trading facility on which such class of Warrants is traded) on the trading day immediately preceding the day upon which such Warrant Certificate was surrendered for exercise in accordance with Section 7 hereof or issue the required fractional Warrant or share.  By accepting a Warrant Certificate, the holder thereof expressly waives any right to receive a Warrant Certificate evidencing any fraction of a Warrant or to receive any fractional share of securities upon exercise of a Warrant, except as expressly provided in this Section 8.

 

9.           Reservation of Equity Securities.  The Company covenants that it will at all times reserve and keep available, free from any pre-emptive rights, out of its authorized and unissued equity securities, solely for the purpose of issue upon exercise of the Warrants, such number of shares of equity securities of the Company as shall then be issuable upon the exercise of all outstanding Warrants (“Equity Securities”).  The Company covenants that all Equity Securities which shall be so issuable shall, upon such issue, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

 

  

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The Company covenants that if any equity securities, required to be reserved for the purpose of issue upon exercise of the Warrants hereunder, require registration with or approval of any governmental authority under any federal or state law before such shares may be issued upon exercise of Warrants, the Company will use all commercially reasonable efforts to cause such securities to be duly registered, or approved, as the case may be, and, to the extent practicable, take all such action in anticipation of and prior to the exercise of the Warrants, including, without limitation, filing any and all post-effective amendments to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-177079) necessary to permit a public offering of the securities underlying the Warrants at any and all times during the term of this Agreement, provided, however, that in no event shall such securities be issued, and the Company is authorized to refuse to honor the exercise of any Warrant, if such exercise would result in the opinion of the Company’s Board of Directors, upon advice of counsel, in the violation of any law.

 

10.           Reduction of Exercise Price Below Par Value.  Before taking any action that would cause an adjustment pursuant to Section 6 hereof reducing the portion of the Exercise Price required to purchase one share of Common Stock below the then par value (if any) of a share of such Common Stock, the Company will use its best efforts to take any corporate action which, in the opinion of its counsel, may be necessary in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and non-assessable shares of such Common Stock.

 

11.           Payment of Taxes.  The Company covenants and agrees that it will pay when due and payable any and all federal and state documentary stamp and other original issue taxes which may be payable in respect of the original issuance of the Warrant Certificates, or any shares of Common Stock or other securities upon the exercise of Warrants.  The Company shall not, however, be required (a) to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the transfer and delivery of Warrant Certificates or the issuance or delivery of certificates for Common Stock or other securities in a name other than that of the registered holder of the Warrant Certificate surrendered for purchase or (b) to issue or deliver any certificate for shares of Common Stock or other securities upon the exercise of any Warrant Certificate until any such tax shall have been paid, all such tax being payable by the holder of such Warrant Certificate at the time of surrender.

 

12.           Notice of Certain Corporate Action.  In case the Company after the date hereof shall propose (a) to offer to the holders of Common Stock, generally, rights to subscribe to or purchase any additional shares of any class of its capital stock, any evidences of its indebtedness or assets, or any other rights or options or (b) to effect any reclassification of Common Stock (other than a reclassification involving merely the subdivision or combination of outstanding shares of Common Stock) or any capital reorganization, or any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party and for which approval of any stockholders of the Company is required, or any sale, transfer or other disposition of its property and assets substantially as an entirety, or the liquidation, voluntary or involuntary dissolution or winding-up of the Company, then, in each such case, the Company shall file with the Warrant Agent and the Company, or the Warrant Agent on its behalf, shall mail (by first-class, postage prepaid mail) to all registered holders of the Warrant Certificates notice of such proposed action, which notice shall specify the date on which the books of the Company shall close or a record be taken for such offer of rights or options, or the date on which such reclassification, reorganization, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, other disposition, liquidation, voluntary or involuntary dissolution or winding-up shall take place or commence, as the case may be, and which shall also specify any record date for determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to vote thereon or participate therein and shall set forth such facts with respect thereto as shall be reasonably necessary to indicate any adjustments in the Exercise Price and the number or kind of shares or other securities purchasable upon exercise of Warrants which will be required as a result of such action.  Such notice shall be filed and mailed in the case of any action covered by clause (a) above, at least ten (10) days prior to the record date for determining holders of the Common Stock for purposes of such action or, if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of shares of Common Stock of record are to be entitled to such offering; and, in the case of any action covered by clause (b) above, at least twenty (20) days prior to the earlier of the date on which such reclassification, reorganization, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, other disposition, liquidation, voluntary or involuntary dissolution or winding-up is expected to become effective and the date on which it is expected that holders of shares of Common Stock of record on such date shall be entitled to exchange their shares for securities or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, reorganization, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, other disposition, liquidation, voluntary or involuntary dissolution or winding-up.

 

  

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Failure to give any such notice or any defect therein shall not affect the legality or validity of any transaction listed in this Section 12.

 

13.           Disposition of Proceeds on Exercise of Warrant Certificates, Etc.  The Warrant Agent shall account promptly to the Company with respect to Warrants exercised and concurrently pay to the Company all moneys received by the Warrant Agent for the purchase of securities or other property through the exercise of such Warrants.

 

The Warrant Agent shall keep copies of this Agreement available for inspection by Warrantholders during normal business hours at its stock transfer office.  Copies of this Agreement may be obtained upon written request addressed to the Warrant Agent at its stock transfer office in Cranford, New Jersey.

 

14.           Warrantholder not Deemed a Stockholder.  No Warrantholder, as such, shall be entitled to vote, receive dividends or be deemed the holder of Common Stock or any other securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable on the exercise of the Warrants represented thereby for any purpose whatever, nor shall anything contained herein or in any Warrant Certificate be construed to confer upon any Warrantholder, as such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action (whether upon any recapitalization, issuance of stock, reclassification of stock, change of par value or change of stock to no par value, consolidation, merger, conveyance or otherwise), or to receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in Section 12 hereof), or to receive dividend or subscription rights, or otherwise, until such Warrant Certificate shall have been exercised in accordance with the provisions hereof and the receipt of the Exercise Price and any other amounts payable upon such exercise by the Warrant Agent.

 

15.           Right of Action.  All rights of action in respect to this Agreement are vested in the respective registered holders of the Warrant Certificates; and any registered holder of any Warrant Certificate, without the consent of the Warrant Agent or of any other holder of a Warrant Certificate, may, in his own behalf for his own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding against the Company suitable to enforce, or otherwise in respect of, his right to exercise the Warrants evidenced by such Warrant Certificate, for the purchase of shares of the Common Stock in the manner provided in the Warrant Certificate and in this Agreement.

 

  

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16.           Agreement of Holders of Warrant Certificates.  Every holder of a Warrant Certificate by accepting the same consents and agrees with the Company, the Warrant Agent and with every other holder of a Warrant Certificate that:

 

(a)           the Warrant Certificates are transferable on the registry books of the Warrant Agent only upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement; and

 

(b)           the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the person in whose name the Warrant Certificate is registered as the absolute owner of the Warrant (notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing thereon made by anyone other than the Company or the Warrant Agent) for all purposes whatever and neither the Company nor the Warrant Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

 

17.           Cancellation of Warrant Certificates.  In the event that the Company shall purchase or otherwise acquire any Warrant Certificate or Certificates after the issuance thereof, such Warrant Certificate or Certificates shall thereupon be delivered to the Warrant Agent and be canceled by it and retired.  The Warrant Agent shall also cancel any Warrant Certificate delivered to it for exercise, in whole or in part, or delivered to it for transfer, split-up, combination or exchange.  Warrant Certificates so canceled shall be delivered by the Warrant Agent to the Company from time to time, or disposed of in accordance with the instructions of the Company.

 

18.           Concerning the Warrant Agent.  The Company agrees to pay to the Warrant Agent from time to time, on demand of the Warrant Agent, reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder and also its reasonable expenses, including counsel fees, and other disbursements incurred in the administration and execution of this Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder.  The Company also agrees to indemnify the Warrant Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense, incurred without gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Warrant Agent, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance and administration of this Agreement.

 

19.           Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Warrant Agent.  Any corporation into which the Warrant Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Warrant Agent, shall be the successor to the Warrant Agent hereunder without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, provided that such corporation would be eligible for appointment as a successor warrant agent under the provisions of Section 21 hereof.  In case at the time such successor to the Warrant Agent shall succeed to the agency created by this Agreement, any of the Warrant Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, any such successor to the Warrant Agent may adopt the countersignature of the original Warrant Agent and deliver such Warrant Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that time any of the Warrant Certificates shall not have been countersigned, any successor to the Warrant Agent may countersign such Warrant Certificates either in the name of the predecessor Warrant Agent or in the name of the successor Warrant Agent; and in all such cases such Warrant Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Warrant Certificates and in this Agreement.

 

In case at any time the name of the Warrant Agent shall be changed and at such time any of the Warrant Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, the Warrant Agent may adopt the countersignature under its prior name and deliver Warrant Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that time any of the Warrant Certificates shall not have been countersigned, the Warrant Agent may countersign such Warrant Certificates either in its prior name or in its changed name; and in all such cases such Warrant Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Warrant Certificates and in this Agreement.

 

  

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20.           Duties of Warrant Agent.  The Warrant Agent undertakes the duties and obligations imposed by this Agreement upon the following terms and conditions, by all of which the Company and the holders of Warrant Certificates, by their acceptance thereof, shall be bound:

 

(a)           The Warrant Agent may consult with counsel satisfactory to it (who may be counsel for the Company), and the opinion of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection to the Warrant Agent as to any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith and in accordance with such opinion; provided, however, that the Warrant Agent shall have exercised reasonable care in the selection of such counsel. Fees and expenses of such counsel, to the extent reasonable, shall be paid by the Company.

 

(b)           Whenever in the performance of its duties under this Agreement, the Warrant Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter be proved or established by the Company prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a certificate signed by a Chairman or co-Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President or the Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Warrant Agent; and such certificate shall be full authorization to the Warrant Agent for any action taken or suffered in good faith by it under the provisions of this Agreement in reliance upon such certificate.

 

(c)           The Warrant Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct.

 

(d)           The Warrant Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement or in the Warrant Certificates (except its countersignature on the Warrant Certificates and such statements or recitals as describe the Warrant Agent or action taken or to be taken by it) or be required to verify the same, but all such statements and recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only.

 

(e)           The Warrant Agent shall not be under any responsibility in respect of the validity of this Agreement or the execution and delivery hereof (except the due execution hereof by the Warrant Agent) or in respect of the validity or execution of any Warrant Certificate (except its countersignature thereof); nor shall it be responsible for any breach by the Company of any covenant or condition contained in this Agreement or in any Warrant Certificate; nor shall it be responsible for the making of any change in the number of shares of Common Stock for which a Warrant is exercisable required under the provisions of Section 6 or responsible for the manner, method or amount of any such change or the ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment or change (except with respect to the exercise of Warrant Certificates after actual notice of any adjustment of the Exercise Price); nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any representation or warranty as to the authorization or reservation of any shares of Common Stock to be issued pursuant to this Agreement or any Warrant Certificate or as to whether any shares of Common Stock will, when issued, be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

 

  

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(f)           The Warrant Agent shall be under no obligation to institute any action, suit or legal proceeding or take any other action likely to involve expense unless the Company or one or more registered holders of Warrant Certificates shall furnish the Warrant Agent with reasonable security and indemnity for any costs and expenses which may be incurred.  All rights of action under this Agreement or under any of the Warrants may be enforced by the Warrant Agent without the possession of any of the Warrants or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and any such action, suit or proceeding instituted by the Warrant Agent shall be brought in its name as Warrant Agent, and any recovery of judgment shall be for the ratable benefit of the registered holders of the Warrant Certificates, as their respective rights or interests may appear.

 

(g)           The Warrant Agent and any stockholder, director, officer or employee of the Warrant Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the Warrants or other securities of the Company or become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in which the Company may be interested, or contract with or lend money to or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not Warrant Agent under this Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude the Warrant Agent from acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other legal entity.

 

(h)           The Warrant Agent is hereby authorized and directed to accept instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder from a Chairman or co-Chairman of the Board or President or a Vice President or the Secretary or the Controller of the Company, and to apply to such officers for advice or instructions in connection with the Warrant Agent’s duties, and it shall not be liable for any action taken or suffered or omitted by it in good faith in accordance with instructions of any such officer.

 

(i)           The Warrant Agent will not be responsible for any failure of the Company to comply with any of the covenants contained in this Agreement or in the Warrant Certificates to be complied with by the Company.

 

(j)           The Warrant Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself or by or through its attorneys, agents or employees and the Warrant Agent shall not be answerable or accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any such attorneys, agents or employees or for any loss to the Company resulting from such neglect or misconduct; provided, however, that reasonable care shall have been exercised in the selection and continued employment of such attorneys, agents and employees.

 

(k)           The Warrant Agent will not incur any liability or responsibility to the Company or to any holder of any Warrant Certificate for any action taken, or any failure to take action, in reliance on any notice, resolution, waiver, consent, order, certificate, or other paper, document or instrument reasonably believed by the Warrant Agent to be genuine and to have been signed, sent or presented by the proper party or parties.

 

(l)           The Warrant Agent will act hereunder solely as agent of the Company in a ministerial capacity, and its duties will be determined solely by the provisions hereof.  The Warrant Agent will not be liable for anything which it may do or refrain from doing in connection with this Agreement except for its own gross negligence, bad faith or willful conduct.

 

  

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21.           Change of Warrant Agent.  The Warrant Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this Agreement upon thirty (30) days’ prior notice in writing mailed, by registered or certified mail, to the Company.  The Company may remove the Warrant Agent or any successor warrant agent upon thirty (30) days’ prior notice in writing, mailed to the Warrant Agent or successor warrant agent, as the case may be, by registered or certified mail.  If the Warrant Agent shall resign or be removed or shall otherwise become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a successor to the Warrant Agent and shall, within fifteen (15) days following such appointment, give notice thereof in writing to each registered holder of the Warrant Certificates.  If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of fifteen (15) days after giving notice of such removal or after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated Warrant Agent, then the Company agrees to perform the duties of the Warrant Agent hereunder until a successor Warrant Agent is appointed.  After appointment and execution of a copy of this Agreement in effect at that time, the successor Warrant Agent shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if it had been originally named as Warrant Agent without further act or deed; but the former Warrant Agent shall deliver and transfer to the successor Warrant Agent, within a reasonable time, any property at the time held by it hereunder, and execute and deliver any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed necessary for the purpose.  Failure to give any notice provided for in this Section, however, or any defect therein shall not affect the legality or validity of the resignation or removal of the Warrant Agent or the appointment of the successor warrant agent, as the case may be.

 

22.           Issuance of New Warrant Certificates.  Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement or the several Warrant Certificates to the contrary, the Company may, at its option, issue new Warrant Certificates in such form as may be approved by its Board of Directors to reflect any adjustment or change in the Exercise Price or the number or kind of shares purchasable under the several Warrant Certificates made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

 

23.           Notices.  Notice or demand pursuant to this Agreement to be given or made on the Company by the Warrant Agent or by the registered holder of any Warrant Certificate shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class or registered mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company with the Warrant Agent) as follows:

 

LightPath Technologies, Inc.

2603 Challenger Tech Court, Suite 100

Orlando, Florida 32826

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

 

Subject to the provisions of Section 21, any notice pursuant to this Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder of any Warrant Certificate to or on the Warrant Agent shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class or registered mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Warrant Agent with the Company) as follows:

 

Registrar and Transfer Company

Compliance Department

10 Commerce Drive

Cranford, New Jersey 07016

Attention: David Rillera

 

Any notice or demand authorized to be given or made to the registered holder of any Warrant Certificate under this Agreement shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class or registered mail, postage prepaid, to the last address of such holder as it shall appear on the registers maintained by the Warrant Agent.

 

  

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24.           Modification of Agreement.  The Warrant Agent may, without the consent or concurrence of the Warrantholders, by supplemental agreement or otherwise, concur with the Company in making any changes or corrections in this Agreement that the Warrant Agent shall have been advised by counsel (who may be counsel for the Company) are necessary or desirable to cure any ambiguity or to correct any defective or inconsistent provision or clerical omission or mistake or manifest error herein contained, or to make any other provisions in regard to matters or questions arising hereunder and which shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of the Warrant Certificates and which shall not adversely affect the interests of the Warrantholders.  As of the date hereof, this Agreement contains the entire and only agreement, understanding, representation, condition, warranty or covenant between the parties hereto with respect to the matters herein, supersedes any and all other agreements between the parties hereto relating to such matters, and may be modified or amended only by a written agreement signed by both parties hereto pursuant to the authority granted by the first sentence of this Section.

 

25.           Successors.  All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Warrant Agent shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.

 

26.           Governing Law.  This Agreement and each Warrant Certificate issued hereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey, without regard to conflict of laws principles, and notwithstanding the fact that one or more counterparts hereof may be executed outside of the state, or one or more of the obligations of the parties hereunder are to be performed outside of the state.

 

27.           Termination. This Agreement shall terminate as of the close of business on the Expiration Date, or such earlier date upon which all Warrants shall have been exercised, except that the Warrant Agent shall account to the Company as to all Warrants outstanding and all cash held by it as of the close of business on the Expiration Date.

 

28.           Benefits of this Agreement.  Nothing in this Agreement or in the Warrant Certificates shall be construed to give to any person or corporation other than the Company, the Warrant Agent, and their respective successors and assigns hereunder and the registered holders of the Warrant Certificates any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Agreement; but this Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Warrant Agent, their respective successors and assigns hereunder and the registered holders of the Warrant Certificates.

 

29.           Descriptive Headings.  The descriptive headings of the several Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.

 

30.           Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

 

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SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

  

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed, all as of the day and year first above written.

 

	  	
LightPath Technologies, Inc.

 

 

 

	
By:

	  
	  	
Name: J. James Gaynor

Title:  President & Chief Executive Officer

	  	  
	  	  
	  	
Registrar and Transfer Company

 

 

 

	
By:

	  
	  	
Name:

Title:

	  	  

 

 

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