Document:

+

 

 

Exhibit 4.1

 

COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT

 

KAIVAL
BRANDS INNOVATIONS GROUP, INC.

 

	Warrant Shares: [_______]	 	Initial Exercise Date: September [__], 2021

 

THIS COMMON STOCK PURCHASE
WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the “Holder”)
is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on
or after the date hereof (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on [_____],
20261 (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Kaival Brands Innovations
Group, Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Company”), up to [___] shares
(as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one share of Common Stock
under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b). This Warrant shall initially be issued and
maintained in the form of a security held in book-entry form and the Depository Trust Company or its nominee (“DTC”) shall
initially be the sole registered holder of this Warrant, subject to a Holder’s right to elect to receive a Warrant in certificated
form pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agency Agreement, in which case this sentence shall not apply.

 

Section 1.             Definitions.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:

 

“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common
control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

“Bid
Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common
Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest
preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on
a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market,
the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable,
(c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then
reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most
recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of
Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants
then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the reasonable fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

“Board
of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

 

 

1 Insert the date
that is the 5th year anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date; provided, however, that, if such date is not a Trading
Day, insert the immediately following Trading Day.

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

“Business
Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any
day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.

 

“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Common
Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which
such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

 

“Common
Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument
that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common
Stock.

 

“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability
company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

 

“Registration
Statement” means the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3, as amended (File No. 333-258339).

 

“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

“Trading
Day” means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.

 

“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the
date in question: the NYSE MKT, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York
Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

 

“Transfer
Agent” means Vstock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 18 Lafayette Place,
Woodmere, NY 11598 and a facsimile number of [_______________], and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

 

“Underwriting
Agreement” means the underwriting agreement, dated as of September [___], 2021 among the Company and Maxim Group LLC,
as representative of the underwriters named therein, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with
its terms.

 

“VWAP”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding
date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading
Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the
volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable,
(c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then
reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most
recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of
Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants
then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the reasonable fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

    	1

    	 

    

 

“Warrant
Agency Agreement” means that certain warrant agency agreement, dated on or about the Initial Exercise Date, between the
Company and the Warrant Agent.

 

“Warrant
Agent” means the Transfer Agent and any successor warrant agent of the Company.

 

“Warrants”
means this Warrant and any other warrants issued in exchange for this Warrant in accordance with the terms hereof.

 

Section 2.              Exercise.

 

a)                  
Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may
be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date
by delivery to the Company of a duly executed facsimile copy (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed
hereto (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading
Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid,
the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer
or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified
in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or
other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary,
the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the
Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant
to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to
the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available
hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to
the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant
Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1)
Business Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that,
by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number
of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing in
this Section 2(a), a holder whose interest in this Warrant is a beneficial interest in certificate(s) representing this Warrant
held in book-entry form through DTC (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions), shall effect exercises
made pursuant to this Section 2(a) by delivering to DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable) the appropriate instruction
form for exercise, complying with the procedures to effect exercise that are required by DTC (or such other clearing corporation,
as applicable), subject to a Holder’s right to elect to receive a Definitive Warrant pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agency
Agreement, in which case this sentence shall not apply.

 

    	2

    	 

    

 

b)                  Exercise
Price. The exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $[_____]2, subject to adjustment
hereunder (the “Exercise Price”). 

 

c)                  
Cashless Exercise. If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration
statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder,
then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which
the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing ((A-B)(X)) by (A),
where:

 

(A) = as applicable:
(i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise
is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and
delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined
in Rule 600(b)(68) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of
the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the
Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s execution
of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading
Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours”
on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date
of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a)
hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;

 

(B) = the Exercise
Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and

 

(X) = the
number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such
exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

 

If Warrant Shares
are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities
Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not to
take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).

 

d)                  
Mechanics of Exercise. 

 

                                                              
i.     
Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares
purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s
balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC“)
if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the
issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless
exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder
or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified
by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the
Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii)
the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise
(such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed
for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been
exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other
than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading
Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason
to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall
pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise
(based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20
per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant
Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a
transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein,
“Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the
Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

 

2 Insert [__]%
of the price of each share of common stock sold in the Offering.

 

    	3

    	 

    

 

                                                                                           
ii.           
Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in
part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of
the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant
Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

 

                                                                                         
iii.           
Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to
the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right
to rescind such exercise.

 

                                                                                         
iv.           
Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise.
In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder
the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant
Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or
otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the
Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the
Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage
commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number
of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the
price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either
reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which
case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been
issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases
Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common
Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding
sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating
the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss.
Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including,
without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver
shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

    	4

    	 

    

 

                                                                                          
v.           
No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional
shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled
to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction
in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

 

                                                                                         
vi.           
Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge
to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all
of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or
in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that in the event that Warrant Shares
are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by
the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment
of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required
for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing
corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

 

                                                                                       
vii.           
Closing of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any
manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

    	5

    	 

    

 

e)                  
Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant,
and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent
that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together
with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates
(such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined
below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates
and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect
to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon
(i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or
Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company
(including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous
to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as
set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance
with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder
that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act
and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation
contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities
owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall
be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination
of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution
Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and
the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to
any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common
Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic
or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more
recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon
the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the
number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined
after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates
or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial
Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, upon election by a Holder prior to the issuance of any Warrants, 9.99%) of the
number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable
upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation
provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares
of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this
Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of
this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section
2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership
Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation.
The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant. 

 

    	6

    	 

    

 

Section 3.              Certain
Adjustments.

 

a)      
Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding:
(i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity
or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares
of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a
larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller
number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company,
then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of
Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be
the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise
of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged.
Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination
of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date
in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

 

b)      
Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a)
above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells, pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock,
any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property (the “Purchase Rights”),
then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which
the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of
this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation)
immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such
record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or
sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right
would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate
in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right
to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its
right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

 

c)      
Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company
shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) pro rata to holders of
shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock
or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement
or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each
such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated
therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without
regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before
the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders
of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, to
the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial
ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall
be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder
exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). 

 

    	7

    	 

    

 

d)      
Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the
Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or
into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance
or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or
indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which
holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been
accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more
related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share
exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property,
or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement
or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement)
with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of
Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated
or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination)
(each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have
the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence
of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise
of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the
surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result
of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately
prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes
of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration
based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction,
and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative
value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities,
cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate
Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any
successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”)
to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section
3(e) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without
unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange
for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance
to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent
entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any
limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the
exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock
pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock
and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation
of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence
of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the
date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to
the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company
under this Warrant with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein.

 

    	8

    	 

    

 

e)      
Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent
or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed
to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares,
if any) issued and outstanding.

 

f)       
Notice to Holder. 

 

                                                                                            
i.     
Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any
provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the
Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement
of the facts requiring such adjustment. 

 

                                                                                           
ii.     
Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or
any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend
on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights
or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders
of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which
the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share
exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the
voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company
shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear
upon the Warrant Register of the Company, no later than the later of (1) the date that is 20 calendar days prior to the applicable
record or effective date hereinafter specified and (2) the date on which the event specified in clauses (A)-(E) above is first
publicly announced, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution,
redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record
to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such
reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date
as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common
Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share
exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the
validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant
constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall
simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled
to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering
such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

 

    	9

    	 

    

 

Section 4.              Transfer
of Warrant.

 

a)      
Transferability. This Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation,
any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company
or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed
by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer.
Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name
of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment,
and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly
be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant
to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the
Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this
Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of
Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued. 

 

b)      
New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation
hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new
Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer
which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange
for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges
shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant
Shares issuable pursuant thereto. 

 

c)      
Warrant Register. The Warrant Agent (or, in the event a Holder elects to receive a
Definitive Certificate (as defined in the Warrant Agency Agreement), the Company) shall register this Warrant, upon records to
be maintained by the Warrant Agent (or, in the event a Holder elects to receive a Definitive Certificate, the Company) for that
purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company and the
Warrant Agent may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise
hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

 

Section 5.Miscellaneous.

 

a)      
No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to
any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section
2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3. 

 

    	10

    	 

    

 

b)      
Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon
receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant
or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably
satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation
of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like
tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

 

c)      
Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any
action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then, such action may be taken or
such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

 

d)      
Authorized Shares. 

 

The Company covenants
that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient
number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant.
The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged
with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company
will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without
violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be
listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented
by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance
herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by
the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such
issue).

 

Except and to the
extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its
certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale
of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant,
but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be
necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the
generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor
upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate
in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant
and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory
body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

 

Before taking any
action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise
Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any
public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

 

    	11

    	 

    

 

e)      
Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and
interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State
of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning
the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party
hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced
exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive
jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any
dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably
waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction
of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party
hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding
by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the
address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service
of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other
manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant,
the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’
fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

 

f)       
Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise
of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise at a time when the Warrant would have been
freely tradable under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities
laws.

 

g)      
Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any
right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers
or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with
any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts
as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those
of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of
its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

 

h)                  
Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by
the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, or e-mail,
or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.
4460 Old Dixie Highway, Grant, Florida 32949, Attention: Nirajkumar Patel, email address: raj@kaivalbrands.com, or such
other facsimile number, email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and
all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally,
by facsimile or e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the facsimile
number, e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries
hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication
is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section prior to 5:30
p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication
is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section on a day that
is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the
date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom
such notice is required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public
information regarding the Company or any subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant
to a Current Report on Form 8-K.

 

    	12

    	 

    

 

i)        
Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action
by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the
Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company,
whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

 

j)       
Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted
by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees
that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of
this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law
would be adequate.

 

k)      
Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the
rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns
of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit
of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

 

l)        
Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived
with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holder or the beneficial owner of this Warrant, on the other
hand.

 

m)    
Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted
in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or
invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating
the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

 

n)      
Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only
and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

 

o)      
Warrant Agency Agreement. If this Warrant is held in global form through DTC (or any
successor depositary), this Warrant is issued subject to the Warrant Agency Agreement. To the extent any provision of this Warrant
conflicts with the express provisions of the Warrant Agency Agreement, the provisions of this Warrant shall govern and be controlling.

 

    	13

    	 

    

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company
has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

 

 

	 	KAIVAL BRANDS INNOVATIONS GROUP, INC.     
	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 		Name:
	 		Title:

 

    	14

    	 

    

 

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

 

To:        KAIVAL BRANDS INNOVATIONS GROUP, INC.

 

(1)  
The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant
to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together
with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

 

(2)  
Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

 

[ ] in lawful money of the United
States; or

 

[ ] [if permitted the cancellation
of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this
Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth
in subsection 2(c).

 

(3)  
Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as
is specified below: 

_______________________________

 

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the
following DWAC Account Number:

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

 

[SIGNATURE
OF HOLDER]

 

Name of Investing Entity: ________________________________________________________________________

Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing
Entity: _________________________________________________

Name of Authorized Signatory: ___________________________________________________________________

Title of Authorized Signatory: ____________________________________________________________________

Date: ________________________________________________________________________________________

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

ASSIGNMENT FORM

 

(To assign the foregoing
Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the
foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

 

	Name:	 	 	
	 	 	 	(Please
Print)
	Address:	 	 	
	 	 	 	(Please Print)
	Phone
Number:	 	 	
	 	 	 	 
	Email Address:	 	 	 
	 	 	 	 
	Dated:	__________________________,_______	 	 
	 	 	 	 
	 Holder’s
Signature:
	 	 	 
	 	 	 	 
	Holder’s
Address:Exhibit 4.2

 

KAIVAL BRANDS INNOVATIONS GROUP, INC.

 

and

 

VSTOCK TRANSFER, LLC,
as

Warrant Agent

 

 

Warrant Agency Agreement

 

Dated as of September 29, 2021

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

WARRANT AGENCY AGREEMENT

 

WARRANT AGENCY AGREEMENT, dated
as of September 29, 2021 (“Agreement”), between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc., a corporation organized
under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Company”), and Vstock Transfer, LLC, a limited liability company organized
under the laws of California (the “Warrant Agent”).

 

W I T N E S S E T H

 

WHEREAS, pursuant to a registered
offering by the Company (the “Offering”) of 4,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001
per share (the “Common Stock”) and warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase 3,525,000 shares of Common
Stock (the “Warrant Shares”) at a price of $1.90 per share; and

 

WHEREAS, the Company granted an
over-allotment option to purchase up to 15% of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock and/or warrants to purchase up to 15% of
the aggregate number of Warrant Shares sold in the Offering (the “Over-Allotment Option”); and

 

WHEREAS, upon the terms and subject
to the conditions hereinafter set forth and pursuant to an effective registration statement on Form S-3, as amended (File No. 333-258339)
(the “Registration Statement”), and the terms and conditions of the Warrant Certificate, the Company wishes to issue
the Warrants in book entry form entitling the respective holders of the Warrants (the “Holders,” which term shall include
a Holder’s transferees, successors and assigns and “Holder” shall include, if the Warrants are held in “street
name,” a Participant (as defined below) or a designee appointed by such Participant); and

 

WHEREAS, the shares of Common
Stock and Warrants to be issued in connection with the Offering shall be issued separately, but will be purchased together in the Offering;
and

 

WHEREAS, the Company wishes the
Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing so to act, in connection with the issuance, registration,
transfer, exchange, exercise and replacement of the Warrants and, in the Warrant Agent’s capacity as the Company’s transfer
agent, the delivery of the Warrant Shares (as defined below).

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration
of the premises and the mutual agreements herein set forth, the parties hereby agree as follows:

 

Section 1. Certain Definitions.
For purposes of this Agreement, all capitalized terms not herein defined shall have the meanings hereby indicated:

 

(a) “Affiliate”
has the meaning ascribed to it in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

 

(b) “Business Day”
means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which the Nasdaq
Stock Market is authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.

 

(c) “Close of Business”
on any given date means 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on such date; provided, however, that if such date is not a Business
Day it means 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the next succeeding Business Day.

 

(d) “Person”
means an individual, corporation, association, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, unincorporated organization,
government or political subdivision thereof or governmental agency or other entity.

 

    	2

    	 

    

 

(e) “Warrant Certificate”
means a certificate in substantially the form attached as Exhibit 1 hereto, representing such number of Warrant Shares as is indicated
therein, provided that any reference to the delivery of a Warrant Certificate in this Agreement shall include delivery of a Definitive
Certificate or a Global Warrant (each as defined below). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, to the extent any
provision of a Warrant Certificate conflicts with any provisions of this Agreement, the provisions of the Warrant Certificate shall govern
and be controlling.

 

All other capitalized terms
used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Warrant Certificate.

 

Section 2. Appointment of Warrant
Agent. The Company hereby appoints the Warrant Agent to act as agent for the Company in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof,
and the Warrant Agent hereby accepts such appointment.

 

Section 3. Global Warrants.

 

(a) The Warrants shall be registered
securities and shall be evidenced by a global warrant (the “Global Warrants”), in the form of the Warrant Certificate,
which shall be deposited with the Warrant Agent and registered in the name of Cede & Co., a nominee of The Depository Trust Company
(the “Depositary”), or as otherwise directed by the Depositary. Ownership of beneficial interests in the Warrants shall
be shown on, and the transfer of such ownership shall be effected through, records maintained by (i) the Depositary or its nominee for
each Global Warrant or (ii) institutions that have accounts with the Depositary (such institution, with respect to a Warrant in its account,
a “Participant”).

 

(b) If the Depositary subsequently
ceases to make its book-entry settlement system available for the Warrants, the Company may instruct the Warrant Agent regarding other
arrangements for book-entry settlement. In the event that the Warrants are not eligible for, or it is no longer necessary to have the
Warrants available in, book-entry form, the Warrant Agent shall provide written instructions to the Depositary to deliver to the Warrant
Agent for cancellation each Global Warrant, and the Company shall instruct the Warrant Agent to deliver to each Holder a Warrant Certificate.

 

(c) A Holder has the right to
elect at any time or from time to time a Warrant Exchange (as defined below) pursuant to a Warrant Certificate Request Notice (as defined
below). Upon written notice by a Holder to the Company and the Warrant Agent for the exchange of some or all of such Holder’s Global
Warrants for a separate certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 1 (such separate certificate, a “Definitive
Certificate”) evidencing the same number of Warrants, which request shall be in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 2
(a “Warrant Certificate Request Notice” and the date of delivery of such Warrant Certificate Request Notice by the
Holder, the “Warrant Certificate Request Notice Date” and the surrender by the Holder to the Warrant Agent of a number
of Global Warrants for the same number of Warrants evidenced by a Warrant Certificate, a “Warrant Exchange”), the Company
and the Warrant Agent shall promptly effect the Warrant Exchange and the Company shall promptly issue and deliver to the Holder a Definitive
Certificate for such number of Warrants in the name set forth in the Warrant Certificate Request Notice. Such Definitive Certificate shall
be dated the original issue date of the Warrants, shall be manually executed by an authorized signatory of the Company, shall be in the
form attached hereto as Exhibit 1 and shall be reasonably acceptable in all respects to such Holder. In connection with a Warrant
Exchange, the Company agrees to deliver the Definitive Certificate to the Holder within ten (10) Business Days of the Warrant Certificate
Request Notice pursuant to the delivery instructions in the Warrant Certificate Request Notice (“Warrant Certificate Delivery
Date”). If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Definitive Certificate subject to the Warrant Certificate
Request Notice by the Warrant Certificate Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as
a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares evidenced by such Definitive Certificate (based on the VWAP (as defined in the Warrants)
of the Common Stock on the Warrant Certificate Request Notice Date), $10 per Business Day for each Business Day after such Warrant Certificate
Delivery Date until such Definitive Certificate is delivered or, prior to delivery of such Warrant Certificate, the Holder rescinds such
Warrant Exchange. The Company covenants and agrees that, upon the date of delivery of the Warrant Certificate Request Notice, the Holder
shall be deemed to be the holder of the Definitive Certificate and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the Definitive
Certificate shall be deemed for all purposes to contain all of the terms and conditions of the Warrants evidenced by such Warrant Certificate
and the terms of this Agreement, other than Sections 3(c), 3(d) and 9 herein, shall not apply to the Warrants evidenced by the Definitive
Certificate. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall act as warrant agent with respect to any Definitive Certificate
requested and issued pursuant to this section. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, in the event of inconsistency
between any provision in this Agreement and any provision in a Definitive Certificate, as it may from time to time be amended, the terms
of such Definitive Certificate shall control.

 

    	3

    	 

    

 

(d) A Holder of a Definitive
Certificate (pursuant to a Warrant Exchange or otherwise) has the right to elect at any time or from time to time a Global Warrants Exchange
(as defined below) pursuant to a Global Warrants Request Notice (as defined below). Upon both (i) written notice by a Holder to the Company
for the exchange of some or all of such Holder’s Warrants evidenced by a Definitive Certificate for a beneficial interest in Global
Warrants held in book-entry form through the Depositary evidencing the same number of Warrants, which request shall be in the form attached
hereto as Exhibit 3 (a “Global Warrants Request Notice” and the date of delivery of such Global Warrants Request
Notice by the Holder, the “Global Warrants Request Notice Date” and the surrender upon delivery by the Holder of the
Warrants evidenced by Definitive Certificates for the same number of Warrants evidenced by a beneficial interest in Global Warrants held
in book-entry form through the Depositary, a “Global Warrants Exchange”), and (ii) a broker for the Holder submitting
the Global Warrants Request Notice initiating through the Depositary’s Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian (“DWAC”) system
the appropriate process for delivery of Global Warrants, the Company shall promptly effect the Global Warrants Exchange and shall promptly
direct the Warrant Agent to issue and deliver to the Holder Global Warrants for such number of Warrants in the Global Warrants Request
Notice, which beneficial interest in such Global Warrants shall be delivered by the Depositary’s DWAC system to the Holder pursuant
to the instructions in the Global Warrants Request Notice. In connection with a Global Warrants Exchange, the Company shall direct the
Warrant Agent to deliver the beneficial interest in such Global Warrants to the Holder within ten (10) Business Days of the second to
occur of the Global Warrants Request Notice and the initiation by the above-mentioned broker of the appropriate process, pursuant to the
delivery instructions in the Global Warrant Request Notice (“Global Warrants Delivery Date”). If the Company fails
for any reason to deliver to the Holder Global Warrants subject to the Global Warrants Request Notice by the Global Warrants Delivery
Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares evidenced
by such Global Warrants (based on the VWAP (as defined in the Warrants) of the Common Stock on the Global Warrants Request Notice Date),
$10 per Business Day for each Business Day after such Global Warrants Delivery Date until such Global Warrants are delivered or, prior
to delivery of such Global Warrants, the Holder rescinds such Global Warrants Exchange. The Company covenants and agrees that, upon the
date of delivery of the Global Warrants Request Notice, the Holder shall be deemed to be the beneficial holder of such Global Warrants.

 

Section 4. Form of Warrant
Certificates. The Warrant Certificate, together with the form of election to purchase Common Stock (“Notice of Exercise”)
and the form of assignment to be printed on the reverse thereof, shall be in the form of Exhibit 1 hereto.

 

Section 5. Registration.
The Warrant Agent will keep or cause to be kept, at one of its offices, or at the office of one of its agents, books for registration
and transfer of the Global Warrants issued hereunder. Such books shall show the names and addresses of the respective Holders
of the Global Warrant, the number of warrants evidenced on the face of each of such Global Warrant and the date of each of such
Global Warrant. The Warrant Agent will create a special account for the issuance of Global Warrants. The Company will keep or
cause to be kept at one of its offices, books for the registration and transfer of any Definitive Certificates issued hereunder
and the Warrant Agent shall not have any obligation to keep books and records with respect to any Definitive Warrants. Such Company
books shall show the names and addresses of the respective Holders of the Definitive Certificates, the number of warrants evidenced
on the face of each such Definitive Certificate and the date of each such Definitive Certificate.

 

    	4

    	 

    

 

Section 6. Transfer, Split
Up, Combination and Exchange of Warrant Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Warrant Certificates. With respect to the
Global Warrant, subject to the provisions of the Warrant Certificate and the last sentence of this first paragraph of Section 6 and subject
to applicable law, rules or regulations, or any “stop transfer” instructions the Company may give to the Warrant Agent, at
any time after the closing date of the Offering, and at or prior to the Close of Business on the Termination Date (as such term is defined
in the Warrant Certificate), any Global Warrant or Global Warrants may be transferred, split up, combined or exchanged for another Global
Warrant or Global Warrants, entitling the Holder to purchase a like number of shares of Common Stock as the Global Warrant or Global Warrants
surrendered then entitled such Holder to purchase. Any Holder desiring to transfer, split up, combine or exchange any Global Warrant shall
make such request in writing delivered to the Warrant Agent, and shall surrender the Global Warrant to be transferred, split up, combined
or exchanged at the principal office of the Warrant Agent. Any requested transfer of Warrants, whether in book-entry form or certificate
form, shall be accompanied by reasonable evidence of authority of the party making such request that may be required by the Warrant Agent.
Thereupon the Warrant Agent shall, subject to the last sentence of this first paragraph of Section 6, countersign and deliver to the Person
entitled thereto a Global Warrant or Global Warrants, as the case may be, as so requested. The Company may require payment from the Holder
of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer, split up, combination
or exchange of Global Warrants. The Company shall compensate the Warrant Agent per the fee schedule mutually agreed upon by the parties
hereto and provided separately on the date hereof.

 

Section 7. Exercise of Warrants;
Exercise Price; Termination Date.

 

(a) The Warrants shall be exercisable
commencing on the Initial Exercise Date. The Warrants shall cease to be exercisable and shall terminate and become void as set forth in
the Warrant Certificate. Subject to the foregoing and to Section 7(b) below, the Holder of a Warrant may exercise the Warrant in whole
or in part upon surrender of the Warrant Certificate, if required, with the executed Notice of Exercise and payment of the Exercise Price,
which may be made, at the option of the Holder, by wire transfer or by certified or official bank check in United States dollars, to the
Warrant Agent at the principal office of the Warrant Agent or to the office of one of its agents as may be designated by the Warrant Agent
from time to time. In the case of the Holder of a Global Warrant, the Holder shall deliver the executed Notice of Exercise and the payment
of the Exercise Price as described herein. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, a holder whose interest in a Global
Warrant is a beneficial interest in a Global Warrant held in book-entry form through the Depositary (or another established clearing corporation
performing similar functions), shall effect exercises by delivering to the Depositary (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable)
the appropriate instruction form for exercise, complying with the procedures to effect exercise that are required by the Depositary (or
such other clearing corporation, as applicable). The Company acknowledges that the bank accounts maintained by the Warrant Agent in connection
with the services provided under this Agreement will be in its name and that the Warrant Agent may receive investment earnings in connection
with the investment at Warrant Agent risk and for its benefit of funds held in those accounts from time to time. Neither the Company nor
the Holders will receive interest on any deposits or Exercise Price. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any
medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. The Company hereby acknowledges
and agrees that, with respect to a holder whose interest in a Global Warrant is a beneficial interest in a Global Warrant held in book-entry
form through the Depositary (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions), upon delivery of irrevocable instructions
to such holder’s Participant to exercise such warrants, that solely for purposes of Regulation SHO that such holder shall be deemed
to have exercised such warrants.

 

(b) Upon receipt of a Notice
of Exercise for a Cashless Exercise the Company will promptly calculate and transmit to the Warrant Agent the number of Warrant Shares
issuable in connection with such Cashless Exercise and deliver a copy of the Notice of Exercise to the Warrant Agent, which shall issue
such number of Warrant Shares in connection with such Cashless Exercise.

 

    	5

    	 

    

 

(c) Upon the exercise of the
Warrant Certificate pursuant to the terms of Section 2 of the Warrant Certificate, the Warrant Agent shall cause the Warrant Shares underlying
such Definitive Certificate or Global Warrant to be delivered to or upon the order of the Holder of such Definitive Certificate or Global
Warrant, registered in such name or names as may be designated by such Holder, no later than the Warrant Share Delivery Date (as such
term is defined in the Warrant Certificate). Delivery of the Warrants Shares shall be made by the Warrant Share Delivery Date. If the
Company is then a participant in the DWAC system of the Depositary and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting
the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) the Warrant is being exercised via Cashless Exercise,
then the certificates for Warrant Shares shall be transmitted by the Warrant Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s
broker with the Depositary through its DWAC system. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Company becomes obligated to pay any amounts to
any Holders pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) or 2(d)(iv) of the Warrant Certificate, such obligation shall be solely that of the Company and
not that of the Warrant Agent. Notwithstanding anything else to the contrary in this Agreement, except in the case of a Cashless Exercise,
if any Holder fails to duly deliver payment to the Warrant Agent of an amount equal to the aggregate Exercise Price of the Warrant Shares
to be purchased upon exercise of such Holder’s Warrant as set forth in Section 7(a) hereof by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the
Warrant Agent will not obligated to deliver such Warrant Shares (via DWAC or otherwise) until following receipt of such payment, and the
applicable Warrant Share Delivery Date shall be deemed extended by one day for each day (or part thereof) until such payment is delivered
to the Warrant Agent.

 

(d) The Warrant Agent shall
deposit all funds received by it in payment of the Exercise Price for all Warrants in the account of the Company maintained with the Warrant
Agent for such purpose (or to such other account as directed by the Company in writing) and shall advise the Company via email at the
end of each day on which notices of exercise are received or funds for the exercise of any Warrant are received of the amount so deposited
to its account.

 

Section 8. Cancellation and
Destruction of Definitive Certificates. All Definitive Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise, transfer, split up, combination
or exchange shall, if surrendered to the Warrant Agent or to any of its agents, be delivered to the Company for cancellation or in canceled
form, or, if surrendered to the Company, shall be canceled by it, and no Global Warrant shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly
permitted by any of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

Section 9. Certain Representations;
Reservation and Availability of Shares of Common Stock or Cash.

 

(a) This Agreement has been
duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery hereof by the Warrant Agent,
constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, and the
Warrants have been duly authorized, executed and issued by the Company and, assuming due authentication thereof by the Warrant Agent pursuant
hereto and payment therefor by the Holders as provided in the Registration Statement, constitute valid and legally binding obligations
of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms and entitled to the benefits hereof; in each case except
as enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws relating to or affecting
creditors’ rights generally or by general equitable principles (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding
in equity or at law).

 

(b) As of the date hereof, the
authorized capital stock of the Company consists of (i) one billion (1,000,000,000) shares of common stock, of which approximately 23,628,187
shares of Common Stock are issued and outstanding as of September 29, 2021, and 4,053,750 shares of Common Stock are reserved for issuance
upon exercise of the Warrants, and (ii) five million (5,000,000) shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which 3,000,000
shares are designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and are issued and outstanding. Except as disclosed in the Registration
Statement, there are no other outstanding obligations, warrants, options or other rights to subscribe for or purchase from the Company
any class of capital stock of the Company.

 

(c) The Company covenants and
agrees that it will cause to be reserved and kept available out of its authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock or its authorized
and issued shares of Common Stock held in its treasury, free from preemptive rights, the number of shares of Common Stock that will be
sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding Warrants.

 

(d) The Warrant Agent will create
a special account for the issuance of Common Stock upon the exercise of Warrants.

 

    	6

    	 

    

 

(e) The Company further covenants
and agrees that it will pay when due and payable any and all federal and state transfer taxes and charges which may be payable in respect
of the original issuance or delivery of the Warrant Certificates or certificates evidencing Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrants.
The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any tax or governmental charge which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved
in the transfer or delivery of Warrant Certificates or the issuance or delivery of certificates for Common Stock in a name other than
that of the Holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing Warrants surrendered for exercise or to issue or deliver any certificate for
shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of any Warrants until any such tax or governmental charge shall have been paid (any such tax
or governmental charge being payable by the Holder of such Warrant Certificate at the time of surrender) or until it has been established
to the Company’s reasonable satisfaction that no such tax or governmental charge is due.

 

Section 10. Common Stock Record
Date. Each Person in whose name any certificate for shares of Common Stock is issued (or to whose broker’s account is credited
shares of Common Stock through the DWAC system) upon the exercise of Warrants shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder
of record for the Common Stock represented thereby on, and such certificate shall be dated, the date on which submission of the Notice
of Exercise was made, provided that the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant is duly surrendered (but only if required herein)
and payment of the Exercise Price (and any applicable transfer taxes) is received on or prior to the Warrant Share Delivery Date; provided,
however, that if the date of submission of the Notice of Exercise is a date upon which the Common Stock transfer books of the Company
are closed, such Person shall be deemed to have become the record holder of such shares on, and such certificate shall be dated, the next
succeeding day on which the Common Stock transfer books of the Company are open.

 

Section 11. Adjustment of Exercise
Price, Number of Shares of Common Stock or Number of the Company Warrants. The Exercise Price, the number of shares covered by each
Warrant and the number of Warrants outstanding are subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in Section 3 of the Warrant Certificate.
In the event that at any time, as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to Section 3 of the Warrant Certificate, the Holder of any Warrant
thereafter exercised shall become entitled to receive any shares of capital stock of the Company other than shares of Common Stock, thereafter
the number of such other shares so receivable upon exercise of any Warrant shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in a manner
and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with respect to the shares contained in Section 3 of the Warrant Certificate
and the provisions of Sections 7, 11 and 12 of this Agreement with respect to the shares of Common Stock shall apply on like terms to
any such other shares. All Warrants originally issued by the Company subsequent to any adjustment made to the Exercise Price pursuant
to the Warrant Certificate shall evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Exercise Price, the number of shares of Common Stock
purchasable from time to time hereunder upon exercise of the Warrants, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.

 

Section 12. Certification of
Adjusted Exercise Price or Number of Shares of Common Stock. Whenever the Exercise Price or the number of shares of Common Stock issuable
upon the exercise of each Warrant is adjusted as provided in Section 11 or (with respect to the treatment of fractional shares) 13, the
Company shall (a) promptly prepare a certificate setting forth the Exercise Price of each Warrant as so adjusted, and a brief statement
of the facts accounting for such adjustment, (b) promptly file with the Warrant Agent and with each transfer agent for the Common Stock
a copy of such certificate and (c) instruct the Warrant Agent to send a brief summary thereof to each Holder of a Warrant Certificate.

 

Section 13. Fractional Shares
of Common Stock.

 

(a) The Company shall not issue
fractions of Warrants or distribute Warrant Certificates which evidence fractional Warrants. Whenever any fractional Warrant would otherwise
be required to be issued or distributed, the actual issuance or distribution shall reflect a rounding of such fraction to the nearest
whole Warrant (rounded down).

 

(b) The Company shall not issue
fractions of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of Warrants or distribute stock certificates which evidence fractional shares of Common
Stock. Whenever any fraction of a share of Common Stock would otherwise be required to be issued or distributed, the actual issuance or
distribution in respect thereof shall be made in accordance with Section 2(d)(v) of the Warrant Certificate.

 

    	7

    	 

    

 

Section 14. Conditions of the
Warrant Agent’s Obligations. The Warrant Agent accepts its obligations herein set forth upon the terms and conditions hereof,
including the following to all of which the Company agrees and to all of which the rights hereunder of the Holders from time to time of
the Warrant Certificates shall be subject:

 

	 	(a)	Compensation and Indemnification. The Company agrees promptly to pay the Warrant Agent the compensation detailed on Exhibit 4 hereto for all services rendered by the Warrant Agent and to reimburse the Warrant Agent for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including reasonable counsel fees) incurred without gross negligence or willful misconduct finally adjudicated to have been directly caused by the Warrant Agent in connection with the services rendered hereunder by the Warrant Agent. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Warrant Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without gross negligence, or willful misconduct on the part of the Warrant Agent, finally adjudicated to have been directly caused by Warrant Agent hereunder, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending against any claim of such liability. The Warrant Agent shall be under no obligation to institute or defend any action, suit, or legal proceeding in connection herewith or to take any other action likely to involve the Warrant Agent in expense, unless first indemnified to the Warrant Agent’s satisfaction. The indemnities provided by this paragraph shall survive the resignation or discharge of the Warrant Agent or the termination of this Agreement. Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in no event shall the Warrant Agent be liable under or in connection with the Agreement for indirect, special, incidental, punitive or consequential losses or damages of any kind whatsoever, including but not limited to lost profits, whether or not foreseeable, even if the Warrant Agent has been advised of the possibility thereof and regardless of the form of action in which such damages are sought, and the Warrant Agent’s aggregate liability to the Company, or any of the Company’s representatives or agents, under this Section 14(a) or under any other term or provision of this Agreement, whether in contract, tort, or otherwise, is expressly limited to, and shall not exceed in any circumstances, one (1) year’s fees received by the Warrant Agent as fees and charges under this Agreement, but not including reimbursable expenses previously reimbursed to the Warrant Agent by the Company hereunder.
	 	 	 
	 	(b)	Agent for the Company. In acting under this Warrant Agreement and in connection with the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent is acting solely as agent of the Company and does not assume any obligations or relationship of agency or trust for or with any of the Holders of Warrant Certificates or beneficial owners of Warrants.
	 	 	 
	 	(c)	Counsel. The Warrant Agent may consult with counsel satisfactory to it, which may include counsel for the Company, and the written advice of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with the advice of such counsel.
	 	 	 
	 	(d)	Documents. The Warrant Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken or omitted by it in reliance upon any Warrant Certificate, notice, direction, consent, certificate, affidavit, statement or other paper or document reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been presented or signed by the proper parties.
	 	 	 
	 	(e)	Certain Transactions. The Warrant Agent, and its officers, directors and employees, may become the owner of, or acquire any interest in, Warrants, with the same rights that it or they would have if it were not the Warrant Agent hereunder, and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, it or they may engage or be interested in any financial or other transaction with the Company and may act on, or as depositary, trustee or agent for, any committee or body of Holders of Warrant Securities or other obligations of the Company as freely as if it were not the Warrant Agent hereunder. Nothing in this Warrant Agreement shall be deemed to prevent the Warrant Agent from acting as trustee under any indenture to which the Company is a party.\

 

    	8

    	 

    

 

	 	(f)	No Liability for Interest. Unless otherwise agreed with the Company, the Warrant Agent shall have no liability for interest on any monies at any time received by it pursuant to any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Warrant Certificates.
	 	 	 
	 	(g)	No Liability for Invalidity. The Warrant Agent shall have no liability with respect to any invalidity of this Agreement or the Warrant Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent’s countersignature thereon).
	 	 	 
	 	(h)	No Responsibility for Representations. The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible for any of the recitals or representations herein or in the Warrant Certificate (except as to the Warrant Agent’s countersignature thereon), all of which are made solely by the Company.
	 	 	 
	 	(i)	No Implied Obligations. The Warrant Agent shall be obligated to perform only such duties as are herein and in the Warrant Certificates specifically set forth and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement or the Warrant Certificates against the Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent shall not be under any obligation to take any action hereunder which may tend to involve it in any expense or liability, the payment of which within a reasonable time is not, in its reasonable opinion, assured to it. The Warrant Agent shall not be accountable or under any duty or responsibility for the use by the Company of any of the Warrant Certificates authenticated by the Warrant Agent and delivered by it to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or for the application by the Company of the proceeds of the Warrant Certificate. The Warrant Agent shall have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by the Company in the performance of its covenants or agreements contained herein or in the Warrant Certificates or in the case of the receipt of any written demand from a Holder of a Warrant Certificate with respect to such default, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any duty or responsibility to initiate or attempt to initiate any proceedings at law.

 

Section 15. Purchase or Consolidation
or Change of Name of Warrant Agent. Any corporation into which the Warrant Agent or any successor Warrant Agent may be merged or with
which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent or any successor
Warrant Agent shall be party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Warrant Agent or any successor Warrant
Agent, shall be the successor to the Warrant Agent under this Agreement without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act
on the part of any of the parties hereto, provided that such corporation would be eligible for appointment as a successor Warrant Agent
under the provisions of Section 17. In case at the time such successor Warrant Agent shall succeed to the agency created by this Agreement
any of the Warrant Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, any such successor Warrant Agent may adopt the countersignature
of the predecessor Warrant Agent and deliver such Warrant Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that time any of the Warrant Certificates
shall not have been countersigned, any successor Warrant Agent may countersign such Warrant Certificates either in the name of the predecessor
Warrant Agent or in the name of the successor Warrant Agent; and in all such cases such Warrant Certificates shall have the full force
provided in the Warrant Certificates and in this Agreement.

 

In case at any time the name of
the Warrant Agent shall be changed and at such time any of the Warrant Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, the
Warrant Agent may adopt the countersignature under its prior name and deliver such Warrant Certificates so countersigned; and in case
at that time any of the Warrant Certificates shall not have been countersigned, the Warrant Agent may countersign such Warrant Certificates
either in its prior name or in its changed name; and in all such cases such Warrant Certificates shall have the full force provided in
the Warrant Certificates and in this Agreement.

 

Section 16. Duties of Warrant
Agent. The Warrant Agent undertakes the duties and obligations imposed by this Agreement upon the following terms and conditions,
by all of which the Company, by its acceptance hereof, shall be bound:

 

(a) The Warrant Agent may consult
with legal counsel reasonably acceptable to the Company (who may be legal counsel for the Company), and the opinion of such counsel shall
be full and complete authorization and protection to the Warrant Agent as to any action taken or omitted by it in good faith and in accordance
with such opinion.

 

    	9

    	 

    

 

(b) Whenever in the performance
of its duties under this Agreement the Warrant Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter be proved or established
by the Company prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein
specifically prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a certificate signed by the Chief Executive Officer,
Chief Financial Officer or Vice President of the Company; and such certificate shall be full authentication to the Warrant Agent for any
action taken or suffered in good faith by it under the provisions of this Agreement in reliance upon such certificate.

 

(c) Subject to the limitation
set forth in Section 14, the Warrant Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own gross negligence or willful misconduct, or for a
breach by it of this Agreement.

 

(d) The Warrant Agent shall
not be liable for or by reason of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement or in the Warrant Certificate
(except its countersignature thereof) by the Company or be required to verify the same, but all such statements and recitals are and shall
be deemed to have been made by the Company only.

 

(e) The Warrant Agent shall
not be under any responsibility in respect of the validity of this Agreement or the execution and delivery hereof (except the due execution
hereof by the Warrant Agent) or in respect of the validity or execution of any Warrant Certificate (except its countersignature thereof);
nor shall it be responsible for any breach by the Company of any covenant or condition contained in this Agreement or in any Warrant Certificate;
nor shall it be responsible for the adjustment of the Exercise Price or the making of any change in the number of shares of Common Stock
required under the provisions of Section 11 or 13 or responsible for the manner, method or amount of any such change or the ascertaining
of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment or change (except with respect to the exercise of Warrants evidenced
by the Warrant Certificates after actual notice of any adjustment of the Exercise Price); nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed
to make any representation or warranty as to the authorization or reservation of any shares of Common Stock to be issued pursuant to this
Agreement or any Warrant Certificate or as to whether any shares of Common Stock will, when issued, be duly authorized, validly issued,
fully paid and nonassessable.

 

(f) Each party hereto agrees
that it will perform, execute, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and delivered all such further
and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required by the other party hereto for the carrying out or performing
by any party of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

(g) The Warrant Agent is hereby
authorized to accept instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder from the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial
Officer or Vice President of the Company, and to apply to such officers for advice or instructions in connection with its duties, and
it shall not be liable and shall be indemnified and held harmless for any action taken or suffered to be taken by it in good faith in
accordance with instructions of any such officer, provided Warrant Agent carries out such instructions without gross negligence or willful
misconduct.

 

(h) The Warrant Agent and any
shareholder, director, officer or employee of the Warrant Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the Warrants or other securities of the
Company or become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in which the Company may be interested, or contract with or lend money to
the Company or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not Warrant Agent under this Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude
the Warrant Agent from acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other legal entity.

 

(i) The Warrant Agent may execute
and exercise any of the rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself or by or through its attorney
or agents, and the Warrant Agent shall not be answerable or accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any such attorney
or agents or for any loss to the Company resulting from any such act, default, neglect or misconduct, provided reasonable care was exercised
in the selection and continued employment thereof.

 

    	10

    	 

    

 

Section 17. Change of Warrant
Agent. The Warrant Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this Agreement upon 30 days’ notice in writing sent
to the Company and to each transfer agent of the Common Stock, and to the Holders of the Warrant Certificates. The Company may remove
the Warrant Agent or any successor Warrant Agent upon 30 days’ notice in writing, sent to the Warrant Agent or successor Warrant
Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer agent of the Common Stock, and to the Holders of the Warrant Certificates. If the Warrant
Agent shall resign or be removed or shall otherwise become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a successor to the Warrant Agent.
If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of 30 days after such removal or after it has been notified in writing
of such resignation or incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated Warrant Agent or by the Holder of a Warrant Certificate (who shall,
with such notice, submit his Warrant Certificate for inspection by the Company), then the Holder of any Warrant Certificate may apply
to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a new Warrant Agent, provided that, for purposes of this Agreement, the
Company shall be deemed to be the Warrant Agent until a new warrant agent is appointed. Any successor Warrant Agent, whether appointed
by the Company or by such a court, shall be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or of a state
thereof, in good standing, which is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers and is subject to supervision or examination
by federal or state authority and which has at the time of its appointment as Warrant Agent a combined capital and surplus of at least
$10,000,000. After appointment, the successor Warrant Agent shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities
as if it had been originally named as Warrant Agent without further act or deed; but the predecessor Warrant Agent shall deliver and transfer
to the successor Warrant Agent any property at the time held by it hereunder, and execute and deliver any further assurance, conveyance,
act or deed necessary for the purpose. Not later than the effective date of any such appointment, the Company shall file notice thereof
in writing with the predecessor Warrant Agent and each transfer agent of the Common Stock, and mail a notice thereof in writing to the
Holders of the Warrant Certificates. However, failure to give any notice provided for in this Section 17, or any defect therein, shall
not affect the legality or validity of the resignation or removal of the Warrant Agent or the appointment of the successor Warrant Agent,
as the case may be.

 

Section 18. Issuance of New
Warrant Certificates. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Warrants to the contrary, the Company may,
at its option, issue new Warrant Certificates evidencing Warrants in such form as may be approved by its Board of Directors to reflect
any adjustment or change in the Exercise Price per share and the number or kind or class of shares of stock or other securities or property
purchasable under the several Warrant Certificates made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

 

Section 19. Notices. Notices
or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or made (i) by the Warrant Agent or by the Holder of any Warrant Certificate to or
on the Company, (ii) subject to the provisions of Section 17, by the Company or by the Holder of any Warrant Certificate to or on the
Warrant Agent or (iii) by the Company or the Warrant Agent to the Holder of any Warrant Certificate shall be deemed given (a) on the date
delivered, if delivered personally, (b) on the first Business Day following the deposit thereof with Federal Express or another recognized
overnight courier, if sent by Federal Express or another recognized overnight courier, (c) on the fourth Business Day following the mailing
thereof with postage prepaid, if mailed by registered or certified mail (return receipt requested), and (d) the time of transmission,
if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile or email attachment at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Business
Day and (e) the next Business Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile or email
attachment on a day that is not a Business Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Business Day, in each case to the parties
at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified by like notice):

 

		(a)	If to the Company, to: 

 

Nirajkumar Patel 

President and Chief Executive Officer

4460 Old Dixie Highway

Grant, FL 32949

 

    	11

    	 

    

 

		(b)	If to the Warrant Agent, to: 

 

Vstock Transfer, LLC 

18 Lafayette Place,

Woodmere, NY 11598

 

For any notice delivered by email to be deemed given
or made, such notice must be followed by notice sent by overnight courier service to be delivered on the next business day following such
email, unless the recipient of such email has acknowledged via return email receipt of such email.

 

(c) If to the Holder of any
Warrant Certificate to the address of such Holder as shown on the registry books of the Company. Any notice required to be delivered by
the Company to the Holder of any Warrant may be given by the Warrant Agent on behalf of the Company. Notwithstanding any other provision
of this Agreement, where this Agreement provides for notice of any event to a Holder of any Warrant, such notice shall be sufficiently
given if given to the Depositary (or its designee) pursuant to the procedures of the Depositary or its designee.

 

Section 20. Supplements and
Amendments.

 

(a) The Company and the Warrant
Agent may from time to time supplement or amend this Agreement without the approval of any Holders of Global Warrants in order to add
to the covenants and agreements of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of the Global Warrants or to surrender any rights or power
reserved to or conferred upon the Company in this Agreement, provided that such addition or surrender shall not adversely affect the interests
of the Holders of the Global Warrants or Warrant Certificates in any material respect.

 

(b) In addition to the foregoing,
with the consent of Holders of Warrants entitled, upon exercise thereof, to receive not less than a majority of the shares of Common Stock
issuable thereunder, the Company and the Warrant Agent may modify this Agreement for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing
in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Warrant Agreement or modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of the
Global Warrants; provided, however, that no modification of the terms (including but not limited to the adjustments described
in Section 11) upon which the Warrants are exercisable or the rights of holders of Warrants to receive liquidated damages or other payments
in cash from the Company or reducing the percentage required for consent to modification of this Agreement may be made without the consent
of the Holder of each outstanding Warrant Certificate affected thereby; provided further, however, that no amendment hereunder
shall affect any terms of any Warrant Certificate issued in a Warrant Exchange. As a condition precedent to the Warrant Agent’s
execution of any amendment, the Company shall deliver to the Warrant Agent a certificate from a duly authorized officer of the Company
that states that the proposed amendment complies with the terms of this Section 20.

 

Section 21. Successors.
All covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Warrant Agent shall bind and inure to the benefit
of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.

 

Section 22. Benefits of this
Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to give any Person other than the Company, the Holders of Warrant Certificates
and the Warrant Agent any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Agreement. This Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive
benefit of the Company, the Warrant Agent and the Holders of the Warrant Certificates.

 

Section 23. Governing Law.
This Agreement and each Warrant Certificate and Global Warrant issued hereunder shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with,
the laws of the State of California, without giving effect to the conflicts of law principles thereof.

 

Section 24. Counterparts.
This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original,
and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

 

    	12

    	 

    

 

Section 25. Captions. The
captions of the sections of this Agreement have been inserted for convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning or construction
of any of the provisions hereof.

 

Section 26. Information.
The Company agrees to promptly provide to the Holders of the Warrants any information it provides to the holders of the Common Stock,
except to the extent any such information is publicly available on the EDGAR system (or any successor thereof) of the Securities and Exchange
Commission.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the
parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

 

	 	KAIVAL BRANDS INNOVATIONS GROUP, INC.
	 	 	 
	 	By: 	/s/ Nirajkumar Patel
	 	 	Name: Nirajkumar Patel
	 	 	Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Eric Mosser
	 	 	Name:  Eric Mosser
	 	 	Title:  Chief Operating Officer
	 	 	 
	 	VSTOCK TRANSFER, LLC
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Young D. Kim
	 	 	Name: Young D. Kim
	 	 	Title:  Compliance Officer

  

    	13

    	 

    

 

Exhibit 1

 

Form of Warrant Certificate

 

[Intentionally Omitted.] 

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

Exhibit 2

Form of Warrant Certificate Request Notice

 

[Intentionally Omitted.] 

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

Exhibit 3

Form of Global Warrant Request Notice

 

[Intentionally Omitted.]

 

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

Exhibit
4

Warrant
Agent Fee Schedule

 

[Intentionally
Omitted.]

Source: [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00334-of-00352.parquet"}, [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00334-of-00352.parquet"}]]