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                                                                   Exhibit 10.23

                            NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS

                 AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

     This AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT (this "AGREEMENT") is
made by and between NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., and its affiliates, if any
(collectively, the "COMPANY"), a Delaware corporation with offices at 22322 20th
Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P.,
and its designees (collectively, the "INVESTOR"), a Delaware limited partnership
with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, effective as of July
30, 2004 (the "RESTATEMENT DATE").

     WHEREAS, the Company is in the business of developing cancer therapeutics,
the Company's products are still in clinical and pre-clinical development, the
Company does not yet have any revenue-generating products, and the Company needs
substantial amounts of additional funding to resume development of its potential
products;

     WHEREAS, the Company has sought to raise equity financing for nearly two
years, with assistance from two investment banks, but to date has not succeeded
in obtaining any binding commitment for, or closing on, any such funding;

     WHEREAS, the Company has taken all reasonable steps to reduce its
expenditures during this period, including terminating clinical trials, reducing
staff, ceasing GMP manufacturing, exiting from its GMP facility, moving the
Company to smaller and less expensive offices and lab space, and other such
steps;

     WHEREAS, the Company has also taken all reasonable actions during this
period to try to raise funds through any means other than equity financing,
including selling off certain future royalty rights, selling certain
non-essential equipment, obtaining bridge funding from management, and other
such steps;

     WHEREAS, the Company also needs substantial funds in order to fulfill
regulatory requirements for FDA approval to re-start its prostate cancer
clinical trial, to persuade trial sites and other necessary parties to
participate in a re-start of the prostate trial, and to resume any clinical
and/or pre-clinical development of other products beyond the prostate cancer
vaccine;

     WHEREAS, in January 2004, the Company was within one week of having to
cease operations and commence liquidation, the Company had no investors ready to
close on any funding, and no investors who had made material progress into due
diligence. Although the Company was still vigorously pursuing all other funding
possibilities, there were no alternative sources of funding available to the
Company, either, at that time or soon enough for the Company to avoid ceasing
operations and commencing liquidation;

     WHEREAS, Investor was interested in commencing due diligence on the
Company, to determine whether an investment in the Company would be viable.
However, as of that time, the necessary due diligence materials had not been
pulled together into organized, comprehensive binders or investor packages that
could be readily reviewed by prospective investors. It was

                                       1.

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necessary for Investor to work jointly with the Company to assemble these
necessary materials, and develop the necessary analyses, to enable a due
diligence assessment to be made;

     WHEREAS, since the Company did not have any operating funds to enable it to
continue operating during a due diligence process, such a process was only
feasible if Investor provided operating funds for the Company for this period;

     WHEREAS, Investor provided such operating funds to the Company in two
bridge notes of $50,000 each, covering the period from late January through the
date of this Agreement. Such bridge (debt) financing was extremely high risk;

     WHEREAS, the Company's situation and prospects were highly complex, and a
large volume of information was required to be gathered and analyzed to make a
due diligence assessment. For Investor, it took a team of two partners, four
associates, and numerous outside advisors (e.g., legal, regulatory, IP) a period
of two months to pull together and evaluate most of the necessary information;

     WHEREAS, the due diligence to date has made clear that, in order for
recapitalization and restart of the Company to be viable, a number of critical
steps must occur first, for both of the Company's two lead programs and overall;

     WHEREAS, a further (third) bridge period is necessary in order to try to
accomplish as many as possible of the key steps that must occur before a
recapitalization and restart may be viable, and this bridge period may take up
to one hundred eighty (180) days and the Company believes that an additional
bridge and recapitalization will create more value for its stockholders and
creditors than could be achieved through a liquidation of the Company at this
time;

     WHEREAS, at this time there can be no assurance as to whether the key steps
required to make recapitalization and restart of the Company viable can be
achieved, nor what amount of time and expense will be required to achieve them
if they are achievable, nor whether prospective co-investors will then be
willing to close on sufficient funding to enable the Company to continue in
business;

     WHEREAS, the Company does not have adequate funds for operations, nor for
additional expenses related to corporate governance, regulatory filings, or
preparations for recapitalization and restart of the Company, during this
further bridge period, and the Company has requested that Investor provide such
bridge funding;

     WHEREAS, the amount of funds the Company will need in order to continue
operations during the additional bridge period of up to one hundred eighty (180)
days will be much larger than the Company has needed for the two bridge periods
to date, and will be as much as $500,000 for the first thirty (30) days alone;

     WHEREAS, Investor has already undertaken extensive risk and work during the
first two bridge periods, Investor will undertake substantially greater risk
with substantially more capital and perform further work during the further
(third) bridge period contemplated under this Agreement, and Investor is willing
to provide the necessary funds for operations and certain other expenses of the
Company during a further bridge period, but only as part of a

                                       2.

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comprehensive recapitalization agreement, with binding agreement between the
parties, prior to such further bridge funding, as to all material terms of the
comprehensive recapitalization, as set forth herein, all parts of which
constitute essential terms and conditions;

     WHEREAS, Investor, the Company and its Board of Directors have undertaken
extensive discussions and negotiations over a number of weeks about the terms,
conditions and structure of an overall recapitalization of the Company, and have
explored numerous approaches to fit the circumstances and meet the needs of both
the Company and Investor;

     WHEREAS, on April 26, 2004 the parties hereto entered into that certain
Recapitalization Agreement (the "PRIOR AGREEMENT"), effective as of April 26,
2004 (the "EFFECTIVE DATE"), by and between the Company and Investor, whereby
among other things Investor loaned $500,000 to the Company (in addition to the
issuance of additional convertible promissory notes to Investor in the aggregate
principal amount of $100,000 in return for the cancellation of notes held by
Investor having the same principal amounts);

     WHEREAS, on June 11, 2004 Investor loaned an additional $500,000 to the
Company pursuant to the terms of the Prior Agreement;

     WHEREAS, Investor desires to make a further loan to the Company in the
amount of $2,000,000, and the Company desires to receive such further loan from
Investor pursuant to this Agreement, and to amend the Prior Agreement in such
other respects as set forth herein;

     WHEREAS, Section 4.13(f) of the Prior Agreement provides that the Prior
Agreement may be amended pursuant to a written agreement signed by Investor and
the Company; and

     WHEREAS, the parties hereto wish to amend and restate in its entirety the
Prior Agreement as set forth herein.

     NOW THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and
sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereby agree as
follows:

SECTION 1: RECAPITALIZATION PLAN

     1.1 Recapitalization Plan: The Company is being recapitalized in two stages
(the "RECAPITALIZATION PLAN"), consisting of (i) a bridge period (the "BRIDGE
PERIOD") which began on February 1, 2004 and shall end one hundred eighty (180)
days after the Effective Date, unless earlier terminated or further extended as
provided in Section 2.6 of this Agreement, and (ii) an anticipated equity
financing of the Company, through the issuance of Convertible Preferred Stock
(as defined in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet attached hereto as
Exhibit B) in accordance with this Agreement (the "ANTICIPATED EQUITY
FINANCING"). Investor shall serve as the lead in the Bridge Funding and Bridge
Period Activities, as defined herein. Investor has also elected to serve as the
lead investor in the Anticipated Equity Financing as provided herein.

     1.2 Recapitalization Documents and Agreements: The terms and conditions of
the Recapitalization Plan are set forth in this Agreement, and shall be further
set forth in the following other documents and agreements (collectively, the
"RELATED RECAPITALIZATION DOCUMENTS"): (a) (i) the three Loan Agreement,
Security Agreement and 10% Convertible,

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Secured Promissory Notes dated April 26, 2004 attached hereto as Exhibits A-1,
A-2 and A-3, (ii) the Loan Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible,
Secured Promissory Note dated June 11, 2004 attached hereto as Exhibit A-4 and
(iii) the Loan Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible, Secured
Promissory Note dated July 30, 2004 attached hereto as Exhibit A-5 (each a
"NOTE," and collectively, the "Notes"), (b) the binding Convertible Preferred
Stock Term Sheet, attached hereto as Exhibit B, (c) warrants in the form
attached hereto as Exhibit C and Exhibit C-1 (each an "INITIAL BRIDGE WARRANT"
and collectively, the "INITIAL BRIDGE WARRANTS"); (d) a Preferred Stock Warrant
in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D, (e) a Convertible Stock Purchase
Agreement, Investor Rights Agreement, Certificate of Designation (or Amended and
Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as appropriate), and Voting Agreement,
all of which shall be drafted, executed and filed, as necessary, in accordance
with this Agreement and the binding Convertible Stock Term Sheet attached hereto
as Exhibit B, as promptly as practicable after the Effective Date, (f) a
Subsequent Bridge Warrant (as defined below) in the form attached hereto as
Exhibit J (and collectively with the Initial Bridge Warrants, the "BRIDGE
WARRANTS"), and (g) such other documents and agreements as may be necessary or
desirable, in Investor's sole discretion, to effectuate the transactions
contemplated in this Agreement and designated by Investor as a "Related
Recapitalization Document." All such Related Recapitalization Documents are and
shall be incorporated into this Agreement by reference.

     1.3 Integrated Plan; All Terms and Conditions Essential: The
Recapitalization Plan comprises a single integrated plan. All terms and
conditions set forth in this Agreement and the Related Recapitalization
Documents are an essential part of the transaction. The Company acknowledges and
agrees that Investor is only willing to undertake the Recapitalization Plan and
this Agreement, and the consideration to Investor for undertaking the
Recapitalization Plan and this Agreement is only adequate, if the entire
Recapitalization Plan and this Agreement are implemented on an integrated basis,
including all terms and conditions thereof. The Company also acknowledges and
agrees that, in view of the resources needed to restart its business and to
maintain and build that business on a sustainable basis, it is in the best
interests of the Company for the entire Recapitalization Plan to be implemented
on an integrated basis. Notwithstanding anything in this Section 1.3 or anything
in the remainder of this Agreement or any Related Recapitalization Document to
the contrary, any Note, Bridge Warrant, Preferred Stock Warrant or other equity
or debt security issued hereunder or under the terms of any Related
Recapitalization Document shall continue to be outstanding regardless of whether
the Recapitalization Plan is ever fully implemented, and the failure of the
Company to fully implement the Recapitalization Plan shall not in any way limit
any rights of the Investor under the terms of this Agreement, any Related
Capitalization Document or any such security.

     1.4 Notwithstanding anything in Section 1.3 or the remainder of this
Agreement or any Related Recapitalization Document to the contrary, and for the
purposes of clarity, other than the Initial Bridge Funding and the Subsequent
Bridge Funding (each as defined below), Investor shall not be obligated to
provide any financing to the Company on the terms described herein or therein,
or on any other terms, and each decision, if any, by Investor to provide any
such additional financing shall be at Investor's sole discretion and shall not
be deemed to create any obligation on the part of Investor to provide any future
financing to the Company.

SECTION 2: BRIDGE PERIOD AND FUNDING

                                       4.

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     2.1 Activities During Bridge Period: During the Bridge Period, the parties
shall cooperate and use best efforts to complete certain material actions
(collectively, the "BRIDGE PERIOD ACTIVITIES") necessary or desirable for the
recapitalization of the Company, restart of the Company's development programs,
and the Anticipated Equity Financing. Investor shall lead these Bridge Period
Activities, after consultation with the Company. Such Bridge Period Activities
shall include, without limitation:

          (a) Negotiation and execution of contract manufacturing arrangements
for GMP sourcing and handling of dendritic cells.

          (b) Analysis of the intellectual property of the Company.

          (c) Identification and pursuit of additional antigens to establish a
product pipeline for the Company, through negotiation and execution of binding
letter(s) of intent or agreement(s) for one or more licensing and/or M&A
transactions.

          (d) Evaluation of the antigen for the Company's prostate cancer
clinical trial and related production and regulatory issues.

          (e) Clarification and analysis of licensing terms and costs for
license of IL-4, in case it is not feasible or not desirable (e.g., because
regulatory requirements are too lengthy and/or costly) to change the dendritic
cell production method to use the Tangential Flow Filtration ("TFF") devices in
the prostate cancer clinical trial re-start.

          (f) Preparation of an updated business plan, budgets, regulatory plan
(including plans for pre-IND animal and in vitro studies for FDA re-approval of
the prostate cancer clinical trial), Gantt charts, manufacturing plans,
intellectual property analyses, and the like.

          (g) Preparation of an investor package and due diligence binders, to
facilitate review and due diligence by prospective equity investors.

          (h) Evaluation of potential structures for the Anticipated Equity
Financing and preparations for implementation of the transaction selected,
including, without limitation, Investor consent and regulatory filings.

          (i) Analysis and determination, satisfactory to Investor, of what
reverse stock split should be undertaken by the Company (including terms,
conditions and timing), and preparations for implementation of the transaction
decided upon, including, without limitation, Investor consent and regulatory
filings.

          (j) Planning for syndication of the Anticipated Equity Financing, and
determination of the amounts and timing of such financing.

     2.2 Form, Seniority and Security of Bridge Funding:

          (a) Funding provided by Investor for the Bridge Period shall be
provided in the form of senior secured convertible debt (the "BRIDGE FUNDING")
in one or more tranches, in

                                       5.

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Investor's sole discretion. The Bridge Funding shall be evidenced by execution
of the Notes in the forms attached hereto as Exhibits A-1 through A-5.

          (b) As more fully provided in the forms of Note evidencing each
tranche of Bridge Funding, and except as otherwise expressly provided in the
Notes or herein, the Bridge Funding: (i) shall be senior in all respects to all
other indebtedness or obligations of the Company of any kind, direct or
indirect, contingent or otherwise, other than obligations of the Company owed
directly to the state or federal government, obligations to those creditors
listed on Schedule 2.2 hereto (and only to the amounts set forth on such
schedule), and other than any other obligations of the Company to Investor; and
(ii) shall not be made subordinate or subject in right of payment to the prior
payment of any other indebtedness or obligation of any kind, direct or indirect,
contingent or otherwise, other than obligations of the Company owed directly to
the state or federal government, obligations to those creditors listed on
Schedule 2.2 hereto (and only to the amounts set forth on such schedule), and
other than any other obligations of the Company to Investor.

          (c) As more fully provided in the forms of Note evidencing the Bridge
Funding and except as otherwise expressly set forth in the Notes or herein, the
Company's obligations under each such Note shall be secured by a first priority
senior security interest in all of the Company's right, title and interest in,
to and under all of the Company's tangible and intangible property, whether now
owned, licensed or held or hereafter acquired, licensed, developed, held or
arising, (the "COLLATERAL"). The rights and remedies of Investor with respect to
the senior security interest are in addition to all other rights, powers and
remedies that may be available to as a matter of law or equity, and shall be
cumulative and concurrent. The exercise by Investor of any one or more of the
rights, powers and/or remedies provided for in the Notes, or now or hereafter
existing at law or in equity, shall not preclude the simultaneous or later
exercise by any person, including a grantee, of any or all rights, powers and/or
remedies.

          (d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement or any
other agreement or document, in the event that the Company is unable to pay and
discharge any Note in full on the applicable Maturity Date, subject to
compliance with any applicable requirements of the Delaware Uniform Commercial
Code, nothing herein or in any Related Recapitalization Document shall be deemed
to preclude, limit or restrict Investor from requiring the delivery of some or
all of the Collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the Company's
obligations under the Notes. Alternatively, Investor may, in its sole
discretion, elect to cause some or all of the Collateral to be sold, and the
sale proceeds to be used to pay and discharge the Note in full.

     2.3 Amount and Timing of Bridge Funding:

          (a) The initial amounts of Bridge Funding provided by Investor include
(i) $100,000 already provided by Investor prior to the Effective Date, for which
the applicable notes have been cancelled and re-issued in the forms as attached
hereto as Exhibits A-1 and A-2, (ii) $500,000 provided by Investor on the
Effective Date, for which a Note in the form of Exhibit A-3 was issued to
Investor, (iii) $500,000 provided by Investor on June 11, 2004, for which a Note
in the form of Exhibit A-4 was issued to Investor (collectively, the "INITIAL
BRIDGE FUNDING"). The Initial Bridge Funding was to cover general operating
expenses and certain other expenses

                                       6.

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of the Company from the commencement of the Bridge Period through the Amendment
Date, as more fully provided herein and in the Notes evidencing the Initial
Bridge Funding.

          (b) On the Restatement Date, Investor is providing an additional
$2,000,000 of Bridge Funding (the "SUBSEQUENT BRIDGE FUNDING") to cover general
operating expenses and certain other expenses of the Company agreed in advance
by Investor during the remaining Bridge Period following the period covered by
the Initial Bridge Funding. The Subsequent Bridge Funding shall be evidenced by
a Note in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-5 and shall be provided on the
terms and conditions set forth herein. The Subsequent Bridge Funding shall be
used only for the purposes and in the amounts set forth in the budget included
in the Schedule of Exceptions. As provided under Section 2.5 hereof in regard to
all Notes, any expenditures of Subsequent Bridge Note funds, and/or any action,
promise, undertaking or commitment which would result in the Company incurring
or accumulating payables and/or other financial obligations of any kind, whether
current or deferred, direct or indirect, for purposes other than as set forth in
budgets expressly agreed to by Investor, and/or in any amounts in excess of the
amounts set forth in such agreed budgets, which equal or exceed $10,000 in
aggregate, and which have not been approved in writing in advance by Investor,
shall constitute an Event of Default under the Notes.

          (c) The amounts and timing of any further Bridge Funding after the
Subsequent Bridge Funding, if any, shall be determined by mutual agreement
between the Company and Investor. Investor's agreement to any such further
Bridge Funding shall be in its sole discretion.

     2.4 Conditions to Bridge Funding and Recapitalization Plan: Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary, and, in each case, unless expressly waived in writing
in advance by Investor (any such waiver by Investor shall be applicable only as
to such closing and shall not be deemed a waiver of such condition as to future
closings, if any), and only to the extent expressly waived, at the first closing
of Bridge Funding following the Effective Date and, independently, at any
subsequent closing of Bridge Funding, Investor's provision of Bridge Funding
and/or any other element of the Recapitalization Plan shall be conditional upon
and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each of the following conditions
precedent, with each such satisfaction or waiver to be determined by Investor in
its sole discretion (including, without limitation, the acceptability to
Investor of any exception set forth in a disclosure schedule), on or before the
applicable closing date. Investor shall make all such determinations in its sole
discretion. The conditions precedent to all closings of Bridge Funding and/or
any other element of the Recapitalization Plan shall include the following,
unless waived by Investor in its sole discretion:

          (a) the Company to execute this Agreement and all Related
Recapitalization Documents, and all such documents and agreements to be in form
and in substance satisfactory to Investor;

          (b) the Company to be in compliance with all terms and conditions of
this Agreement and all Related Recapitalization Documents that are being or have
been executed as of such closing (whether originally executed in connection with
such closing or a prior closing), including, without limitation, the
confidentiality and exclusivity requirements set forth in Sections 4.1 and 4.12
hereof;

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          (c) the Company to re-issue the two prior bridge notes evidencing the
$100,000 provided by Investor to date, to conform to the forms of Note attached
hereto as Exhibits A-1 and A-2;

          (d) all conditions set forth in the Notes to continue, including
without limitation, the covenants;

          (e) the Company to have permitted, and to continue to permit, Investor
to serve as the lead in regard to the Bridge Funding and Bridge Period
Activities, and in regard to the Anticipated Equity Financing;

          (f) the Company's board of directors to have resolved that a reverse
split of its outstanding stock is needed, and that the terms, conditions and
timing shall be determined during the Bridge Period as part of the Bridge Period
Activities, and shall be reasonably satisfactory to Investor;

          (g) the Company to obtain all necessary creditor and stockholder
consents, and any additional consents requested by Investor, and the Company to
make all necessary regulatory filings related to this Agreement and the Related
Recapitalization Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby, in each
case as rapidly as reasonably possible during the Bridge Period;

          (h) all secured creditors of the Company to have executed a
subordination agreement, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit E, except for
the equipment lessors and holders of statutory liens or landlord liens set forth
on Schedule 2.2 hereto;

          (i) each holder of secured convertible promissory notes issued on
November 13, 2003 (each a "MANAGEMENT Note" and, collectively the "MANAGEMENT
NOTES") shall have executed the notice, consent and waiver in the form attached
hereto as Exhibit F;

          (j) each holder of a Management Note shall have executed and delivered
the First Amendment to Convertible Secured Promissory Note in the form attached
hereto as Exhibit G;

          (k) each holder of a warrant to purchase common shares issued in
connection with the Management Notes shall have executed the First Amendment to
Warrants to Purchase Common Shares in the form attached hereto as Exhibit H;

          (l) all fees, costs and expenses incurred and/or undertaken by
Investor to be satisfied by the Company as provided in Section 4.11 hereof;

          (m) progress toward and/or in the Bridge Period Activities to be
satisfactory to Investor;

          (n) the Company to have satisfied all applicable general conditions to
closing, as set forth in Section 4.9;

                                       8.

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          (o) the Company to deliver to Investor at each closing of Bridge
Funding and each closing of any other element of the Recapitalization Plan an
officer's certificate, executed by an authorized and responsible officer of the
Company, and certifying that the foregoing conditions have been fulfilled;

          (p) the Company to be in compliance with all conditions, covenants and
other provisions contained in the Notes;

          (q) with respect to the Subsequent Bridge Funding only, the Company to
have agreed with Investor to extend the Bridge period through the date that is
ninety (90) days from and after July 25, 2004 (such ninety (90) days, the
"EXTENDED BRIDGE PERIOD"), in contemplation of the Subsequent Bridge Funding;

          (r) with respect to the Subsequent Bridge Funding only, the Company
having completed the negotiation of, and executed, one or more contract services
agreements, acceptable to Investor, providing for all services necessary for
rapid restart of the Company's Phase III prostate cancer trial and Phase II
brain cancer trial, including, without limitation, regulatory advisory services
and good manufacturing practice (GMP) manufacturing; and

          (s) the Company to have implemented new measures, acceptable to
Investor, to ensure that all pre-and post-closing conditions and covenants
provided for herein and in the Related Recapitalization Documents are fully
satisfied, including, without limitation, to ensure that during the Extended
Bridge Period the covenants required by Sections 2.5(c), (d), (e), (g), (h) and
(i) are satisfied.

     2.5 Covenants Related to Bridge Funding and Equity Financing Period: As
more fully set forth in the forms of the Notes evidencing the Bridge Funding,
during the Bridge Period and for so long as any Bridge Funding remains
outstanding, the Company shall comply with certain affirmative and negative
covenants including, without limitation, covenants relating to financial
matters, handling of intellectual property, issuance of any equity or debt
securities, handling of TFF devices, confidentiality and exclusivity, and other
material matters. Without limiting the foregoing, during the Bridge Period and
the Equity Financing Period, the Company shall:

          (a) coordinate with Investor on the preparation and filing with the
SEC of any Exchange Act filings and confidential treatment requests covering any
commercially sensitive terms (as determined jointly by the Company and Investor)
of this Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document required to be filed
with the SEC under applicable SEC regulations, and the Company shall use its
best efforts to obtain confidential treatment of such information from the SEC;

          (b) take all steps reasonably necessary to implement the structure
provided in Section 3.3 hereof;

          (c) not hire, engage, retain, or agree to hire, engage or retain, any
full or part-time, permanent or temporary employee, consultant, adviser,
independent contractor, collaborator, intern or other personnel of any kind
(collectively, "PERSONNEL"), except with Investor's express prior written
approval, on a case by case basis;

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          (d) not enter into, increase, expand, extend, renew or reinstate any
severance, separation, retention, change of control or similar agreement with
any Personnel (or agree, promise, commit or undertake to do so), except with
Investor's prior written approval, on a case by case basis;

          (e) not purchase, lease, hire, rent or otherwise acquire directly or
indirectly any rights in or to any asset or facility outside of the ordinary
course of business in an amount in excess of $10,000, in aggregate, or agree,
promise or commit to do so, except in accordance with the Company's budget that
has been approved by the Company's board of directors and the Investor;

          (f) take all steps reasonably necessary to procure the execution and
delivery by Dan Wilds of the First Amendment to Warrants to Purchase Common
Shares during the thirty (30) day Funded Bridge Period of the Initial Bridge
Note;

          (g) make no expenditures in excess of $10,000 in aggregate other than
in accordance with a budget pre-approved by Investor;

          (h) report the Company's cash position and all expenditures and
agreements, commitments or undertakings for expenditures to Investor on a
bi-weekly basis; and

          (i) not deviate, during the period covered by such budget, more than
$10,000 in aggregate from the budget included in the Schedule of Exceptions in
connection with the Subsequent Bridge Note, nor take any action or make any
promise, undertaking or commitment that would result in the Company incurring or
accumulating payables and/or other financial obligations of any kind, whether
current or deferred, direct or indirect, for purposes other than as set forth in
budgets expressly agreed to by Investor, and/or in any amounts in excess of the
amounts set forth in such agreed budgets, which equal or exceed $10,000 in
aggregate, and which have not been approved in writing in advance by Investor.

     2.6 Modification of Bridge Period:

          (a) Early Termination of Bridge Period: The Bridge Period shall
continue until one hundred eighty (180) days after the Effective Date. The
Bridge Period may only terminate prior to one hundred eighty (180) days after
the Effective Date upon the mutual agreement of the parties.

          (b) Extension of Bridge Period: The Bridge Period may be extended
beyond the period of one hundred eighty (180) days after the Effective Date upon
the occurrence of one of the following events:

               (i) mutual agreement of the parties; or

               (ii) Investor reasonably determines, in its discretion, that
further time is needed to complete the Bridge Period Activities, and Investor is
willing to provide reasonable additional Bridge Funding for the period of such
extension.

     2.7 Conversion of Bridge Funding:

                                       10.

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          (a) Automatic Conversion: The Bridge Funding shall automatically
convert into Convertible Preferred Stock, upon the terms and conditions set
forth herein, in the Notes and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet,
only in the event, and upon the closing of, the purchase in cash (and not by
conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or options, or conversion or exercise
of other securities or instruments), on the terms and conditions set forth in
the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, by Other Investors, as defined in
the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, of a minimum of $15 million of
Convertible Preferred Stock.

          (b) Discretionary Conversion: Until, and/or in the absence of, the
closing of purchases for cash of a minimum of $15 million of Convertible
Preferred Stock, by Other Investors, on the terms and conditions set forth
herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, the determination as
to whether to convert any or all of the Bridge Funding into equity shall be made
by Investor in its sole discretion. Investor may make such determinations from
time to time with regard to any Note and at any time before such Note has been
discharged in full, and, as applicable, at any time on or before the expiration
of the thirty (30) day notice period required under each Note in the event the
Company wishes to prepay such Note. Investor may, in its sole discretion, elect
to convert any or all of the principal and/or interest due under each Note into
any Equity Security and/or Debt Security (each as defined below) and/or any
combination thereof, in each case that Investor shall designate in Investor's
sole discretion (the securities so elected being the "INVESTOR DESIGNATED
SECURITIES"). For purposes hereof, (i) the term "EQUITY SECURITY" means any
class or series of equity security, or any combination of classes and/or series
of equity securities, of the Company that have been authorized under the
Company's certificate of incorporation, as amended and/or restated, including by
any certificate of designation (the "CHARTER"), or any new class or series of
equity security, or any combination of new and/or existing classes and/or series
of equity securities, of the Company for which the Company has undertaken any
agreement, obligation, promise, commitment or letter of intent to obtain such
authorization and (ii) the term "DEBT SECURITY" means any evidence of
indebtedness of the Company that the Company has authorized, created or
incurred, or that the Company has undertaken any agreement, obligation, promise,
commitment or letter of intent to authorize, create or incur.

          (c) Information for Investor's Election. The Company shall provide to
Investor, within two (2) business days after notice of each request by Investor,
all information reasonably requested by Investor in connection with any Equity
Securities and/or Debt Securities, to enable Investor to make decisions
regarding one or more conversions. In the event that the Company seeks to prepay
a Note evidencing Bridge Funding, the Company shall deliver to Investor,
simultaneously and together with the notice required under such Note of the
Company's interest in prepaying the Note, a summary of all material information,
terms and conditions relating to all Equity Securities and Debt Securities
(including any "side" letters or agreements or separate agreements).

          (d) Conversion. The conversion price for any conversion pursuant to
Section 2.7(a) shall be the lowest nominal or effective price per share paid by
the Other Investors who acquire such Convertible Preferred Stock (with the
exception of shares issuable upon exercise of the Initial Bridge Warrants). The
conversion price for any conversion into any Equity Security or Debt Security
pursuant to Section 2.7(b) shall be the lowest of (i) the lowest nominal or
effective price per share paid by any investor at any time on or after the date
one year prior to the

                                       11.

<PAGE>

Effective Date (with the exception of (x) purchases of up to 35,000 shares of
the Company's Common Stock, $0.001 par value ("COMMON STOCK") pursuant to
certain options to purchase, at a purchase price of $0.0001, that were
outstanding on the Effective Date and held by members of the Board of Directors,
as set forth in Schedule 2.7(d), and (y) shares issuable upon the exercise of
the Initial Bridge Warrants, each of which shall be excluded from consideration
under this section), (ii) the lowest nominal or effective price at which any
investor is entitled to acquire shares (including, without limitation, through
purchase, exchange, conversion or exercise) pursuant to any other security,
instrument, or promise, undertaking, commitment, agreement or letter of intent
of the Company outstanding on or after the Effective Date or granted, issued,
extended or otherwise made available by the Company at any time on or after the
date one year prior to the Effective Date (regardless of whether currently
exercisable or convertible) (with the exception of (x) certain options to
purchase up to 35,000 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $0.0001 that
were outstanding on the Effective Date and held by members of the Board of
Directors as set forth in Schedule 2.7(d), and (y) the Initial Bridge Warrants,
each of which shall be excluded from consideration under this section); and
(iii) the lesser of $0.10 per share or 35% discount to the average closing price
per share of the Common Stock during any twenty consecutive trading days
(beginning with the twenty consecutive trading days prior to the Effective
Date); provided, however, that in no event shall the price per share calculated
pursuant to this clause (iii) be less than $0.04 per share. The calculation
required by clause (ii) hereof shall initially be based upon Schedule 2.7(d)
hereto. All other rights, preferences, privileges, terms and conditions received
by Investor in connection with any conversion and/or any securities issued by
the Company to Investor upon conversion, shall be no less favorable to Investor
than the rights, preferences, privileges, terms and conditions any other
investor in the Company has received or is entitled to receive with respect to
the security into which Investor is converting pursuant to any other security,
instrument, promise, undertaking, commitment, agreement or letter of intent of
the Company, whether or not such rights, preferences, privileges, terms and
conditions for any other investor are incorporated into the agreements or
documents relating to any conversion or any issuance of the security or other
instrument to that investor or are provided separately, at any time on or after
one year prior to the Effective Date. In regard to each conversion hereunder,
the Company hereby agrees to take and/or arrange for all necessary corporate and
related action to enable the execution of each such conversion elected by
Investor. Except as set forth on Schedule 2.7(d) hereto, no subscription,
warrant, option, convertible security, or other right (direct or indirect,
contingent or otherwise) to purchase or otherwise acquire any equity securities
of the Company are outstanding or authorized. At each closing of the Bridge
Funding and the Anticipated Equity Financing, if any, the Company shall provide
Investor with an updated Schedule 2.7(d).

          (e) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its Charter
or through a reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger,
dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action,
omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of
any of the terms to be observed or performed by the Company under and/or in
connection with any Note evidencing Bridge Funding, but shall at all times in
good faith use best efforts to assist in carrying out of all the provisions of
and/or relating to such Note and in taking all such action as may be necessary
or appropriate to protect Investor's rights, preferences and privileges under
and/or in connection with the Note against impairment. The Investor's rights,
preferences and privileges granted under and/or in connection with any Note
and/or Investor Designated Securities may not be amended, modified or waived
without the

                                       12.

<PAGE>

Investor's prior written consent, and the documentation providing for such
rights, preferences and privileges will specifically provide as such.

          (f) Right of First Refusal: In the event that the Company proposes to
authorize or issue any Equity Security and/or Debt Security, Investor shall have
a right of first refusal to purchase any or all of such Equity Security and/or
Debt Security, through the conversion of any or all of the Notes and the
exercise of any or all of the Bridge Warrants for such securities; provided,
however, that in the event of automatic conversion of Bridge Funding pursuant to
Section 2.7(a) hereof, Investor's right of first refusal shall relate solely to
the purchase of Convertible Preferred Stock. Any such conversion of Notes by
Investor would be at the conversion price provided in Section 2.7(d) and any
such exercise of the Bridge Warrants would be at the exercise price provided in
the applicable Bridge Warrant, in each case irrespective of the purchase price
proposed to be paid by any other investor for such securities. This right of
first refusal shall apply at each closing of the issuance of any such Equity
Security and/or Debt Security, so long as any Notes or Bridge Warrants are
outstanding. Such right of first refusal shall apply regardless of whether or
not Investor leads or otherwise participates in any such financing. Prior to
issuing any Equity Security or Debt Security, the Company shall provide Investor
with at least sixty days advance written notice of its intention to issue such
securities, which notice shall describe in sufficient detail (to the extent then
known) the securities proposed to be issued, the parties to whom the Company
proposes to issue such securities and the price at which the securities are
proposed to be issued (collectively the "FINANCING TERMS"). The Company shall
update Investor with respect to the Financing Terms to the extent that the
Financing Terms change or become known to the Company. Once the Financing Terms
are fixed, the Company shall provide Investor with a final notice ("FINAL
NOTICE") containing all Financing Terms and Investor shall have a period of
thirty days to exercise its right of first refusal following delivery of such
Final Notice to Investor by the Company. All rights of first refusal provided by
this Section 2.7(f) are in addition to, and shall in no way be deemed to limit,
offset or supersede, Investor's right of first refusal contained in Section
3.4(d) of this Agreement.

     2.8 Initial Bridge Warrants:

          (a) Issuance of Initial Bridge Warrants. At each closing of Initial
Bridge Funding, Investor received a warrant with coverage equal to three hundred
percent (300%) of the principal amount due under each Note evidencing the Bridge
Funding provided in connection with such closing (collectively, the "INITIAL
BRIDGE WARRANTS"). The Company therefore issued $3,300,000 in warrant coverage
on the $1,100,000 of Initial Bridge Funding provided prior to the Restatement
Date. The number of shares subject to such Initial Bridge Warrants so issued was
determined on the basis of $0.05 per share (subject to adjustment for stock
splits, stock dividends and the like). The number of shares for which Investor
shall initially be able to exercise the Initial Bridge Warrants Investor
received for the Initial Bridge Funding shall therefore be 66,000,000 shares.

          (b) Exercise of Initial Bridge Warrants: The Initial Bridge Warrants
shall become exercisable on the Restatement Date and continue to be exercisable,
in whole or in part, until the dates seven years after issuance, respectively,
of such Initial Bridge Warrants. The exercise price of the Initial Bridge
Warrants shall be $0.01 per share (subject to adjustment for stock dividends,
stock splits, certain dilutive issuances and similar transactions, as provided
more

                                       13.

<PAGE>

fully in the Initial Bridge Warrants). In the event the Convertible Preferred
Stock is approved and authorized, and the terms and conditions are the same as
set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and Other
Investors have purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt, exercise of
warrants or options, or conversion or exercise of other securities or
instruments) a minimum of $15 million of such Convertible Preferred Stock, on
the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock
Term Sheet, then the Initial Bridge Warrants shall be exercisable solely for
such Convertible Preferred Stock (subject to Section 5 thereof). However, if,
for any reason, such Convertible Preferred Stock is not approved or authorized,
and/or is approved or authorized on any terms different than any terms set forth
herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and/or if Other
Investors have not purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt, exercise of
warrants or options, or conversion or exercise of other securities or
instruments) a minimum of $15 million of such Convertible Preferred Stock, on
the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock
Term Sheet, the Initial Bridge Warrants shall be exercisable for any Equity
Security and/or Debt Security (each as defined in Section 2.7 hereof) and/or any
combination thereof, in each case that Investor shall designate in Investor's
sole discretion (the securities so elected being the "INVESTOR DESIGNATED
SECURITIES").

          (c) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its Charter
or through a reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger,
dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action,
omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of
any of the terms to be observed or performed by the Company under and/or in
connection with the Initial Bridge Warrants, but shall at all times in good
faith use best efforts to assist in carrying out of all the provisions of and/or
relating to such Initial Bridge Warrants and in taking all such action as may be
necessary or appropriate to protect Investor's rights, preferences and
privileges under and/or in connection with the Initial Bridge Warrants against
impairment. The Investor's rights, preferences and privileges granted under
and/or in connection with the Initial Bridge Warrants may not be amended,
modified or waived without the Investor's prior written consent, and the
documentation providing for such rights, preferences and privileges will
specifically provide as such.

          (d) Tax Treatment of Initial Bridge Warrants and Notes. The Company
and Investor, as a result of arm's length bargaining, agree that the aggregate
fair market value of the Notes issued in connection with the Initial Bridge
Funding, if issued apart from the Initial Bridge Warrants, is $1,045,000 for
such Notes, and the aggregate fair market value of the Initial Bridge Warrants,
if issued apart from such Notes, is $55,000. The Company and Investor further
agree that all tax filings and records relating to or including this Agreement,
the Notes and/or the Initial Bridge Warrants shall be prepared on the basis of,
and consistently reflect, the agreed fair market values set forth in this
Section 2.8(d), and the Company shall instruct its accountants and other
tax-preparation professionals to prepare all tax filings and returns on the
basis of the foregoing.

     2.9 Subsequent Bridge Warrant:

          (a) Issuance of Subsequent Bridge Warrant. On the Restatement Date,
Investor shall receive a warrant with coverage equal to one hundred percent
(100%) of the principal amount due under the Note evidencing the Subsequent
Bridge Funding (the "SUBSEQUENT BRIDGE WARRANT" and, collectively with the
Initial Bridge Warrants and the

                                       14.

<PAGE>

Preferred Stock Warrants (as defined herein), the "WARRANTS"). The Company
shall, therefore, issue $2,000,000 in warrant coverage on the $2,000,000 of
Subsequent Bridge Funding provided on the Restatement Date. The number of shares
subject to such Subsequent Bridge Warrant to be so issued shall be determined on
the basis of $0.10 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock
dividends and the like). The total number of shares for which Investor shall
initially be able to exercise the Subsequent Bridge Warrant shall therefore be
20,000,000 shares as of the Restatement Date.

          (b) Exercise of Subsequent Bridge Warrant: The Subsequent Bridge
Warrant shall be immediately exercisable upon issuance and continue to be
exercisable for a period of seven (7) years after its issuance date. The
exercise price of the Subsequent Bridge Warrant shall be the lesser of $0.10 per
share (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like, as
provided more fully in the Subsequent Bridge Warrant) and a 35% discount to the
average closing price during the twenty trading days prior to the first closing
of the sale of Convertible Preferred Stock; provided, however that in no event
will the exercise price be less than $0.04 per share (subject to adjustment for
stock splits, stock dividends and the like, as provided more fully in the
Subsequent Bridge Warrant). In the event the Convertible Preferred Stock is
approved and authorized, and the terms and conditions are the same as set forth
herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and Other Investors
have purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or
options, or conversion or exercise of other securities or instruments) a minimum
of $15 million of such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms and conditions
set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, then the
Subsequent Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable solely for such Convertible
Preferred Stock (subject to Section 5 thereof). However, if, for any reason,
such Convertible Preferred Stock is not approved or authorized, and/or is
approved or authorized on any terms different than any terms set forth herein
and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and/or if Other Investors
have not purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt, exercise of warrants
or options, or conversion or exercise of other securities or instruments) a
minimum of $15 million of such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms and
conditions set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet,
the Subsequent Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable for any Equity Security
and/or Debt Security (each as defined in Section 2.7 hereof) and/or any
combination thereof, in each case that Investor shall designate in Investor's
sole discretion (the securities so elected being the "INVESTOR DESIGNATED
SECURITIES").

          (c) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its Charter
or through a reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger,
dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action,
omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of
any of the terms to be observed or performed by the Company under and/or in
connection with the Subsequent Bridge Warrant, but shall at all times in good
faith use best efforts to assist in carrying out of all the provisions of and/or
relating to such Subsequent Bridge Warrant and in taking all such action as may
be necessary or appropriate to protect Investor's rights, preferences and
privileges under and/or in connection with the Subsequent Bridge Warrant against
impairment. The Investor's rights, preferences and privileges granted under
and/or in connection with the Subsequent Bridge Warrant may not be amended,
modified or waived without the Investor's prior written consent, and the
documentation providing for such rights, preferences and privileges will
specifically provide as such.

                                       15.

<PAGE>

          (d) Tax Treatment of Subsequent Bridge Warrant and Note. The Company
and Investor, as a result of arm's length bargaining, agree that the fair market
value of the Note to be issued in connection with the Subsequent Bridge Funding,
if issued apart from the Subsequent Bridge Warrant, is $1,980,000, and the fair
market value of the Subsequent Bridge Warrant, if issued apart from such Note,
is $20,000. The Company and Investor further agree that all tax filings and
records relating to or including this Agreement, the Note to be issued in
connection with the Subsequent Bridge Funding and/or the Subsequent Bridge
Warrant shall be prepared on the basis of, and consistently reflect, the agreed
fair market values set forth in this Section 2.9(d), and the Company shall
instruct its accountants and other tax-preparation professionals to prepare all
tax filings and returns on the basis of the foregoing.

     2.10 Post-Closing Matters: Following the closing of the Subsequent Bridge
Funding, the parties agree to take all steps necessary to amend any Related
Recapitalization Document to (i) replace all Notes representing the Initial
Bridge Funding with a Note in the form of Exhibit A-5; and (ii) conform any
language therein to the language provided herein within ten (10) business days
of the Restatement Date. To the extent that any provisions of this Agreement are
inconsistent with or in addition to the provisions contained in any Related
Recapitalization Document, the provisions hereof shall be controlling.

SECTION 3: ANTICIPATED EQUITY FINANCING

     3.1 Essential Part of Recapitalization Plan: As provided in Section 1.1,
hereof, the Company is being recapitalized in two stages under the
Recapitalization Plan: first, through Bridge Funding, and thereafter through an
Anticipated Equity Financing. The Recapitalization Plan comprises a single
integrated plan, and all terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and
the Related Recapitalization Documents - including, without limitation, the
Anticipated Equity Financing - are an essential part of the transaction. This
integrated structure, with binding agreement between the parties in regard to
the Anticipated Equity Financing as well as the Bridge Funding, is necessary to
provide adequate consideration to Investor, and is also both necessary and
desirable for the Company, in order to provide the resources needed to restart
the Company's business, and enable the Company to maintain and build that
business on a sustainable basis. The Company shall fully disclose and present
the Recapitalization Plan as a single integrated plan in all regulatory filings
and all documents relating to shareholder notice and consent in connection with
the Recapitalization Plan.

     3.2 Fiduciary Exception: Notwithstanding the binding agreement set forth
herein in regard to the Anticipated Equity Financing, that agreement, and the
Company's obligations thereunder, shall be subject to a limited fiduciary
exception, pursuant to which the Company may respond to or accept a proposal for
equity financing or merger, consolidation, business combination or sale of all
or substantially all of the Company's assets from another party or parties (each
of the foregoing constituting an "ALTERNATIVE EQUITY FINANCING Proposal"), but
(a) only as and to the extent required by applicable law; (b) only in regard to
an Alternative Equity Financing Proposal that has not been directly or
indirectly solicited by the Company or any of its officers, directors or
employees, Soma Partners LLC ("SOMA"), or any advisors, agents or consultants of
the Company during the Standstill Period provided in Section 4.1 hereof or
during the standstill period provisions described in the Notes and Section 13 of
each of the 10% Convertible, Secured Promissory Notes issued by the Company to
the Investor, dated as of

                                       16.

<PAGE>

February 2, 2004 and March 1, 2004, respectively (an "UNSOLICITED PROPOSAL"),
and (c) only if the Board of Directors of the Company provides written
certification to Investor that the Alternative Equity Financing Proposal is an
Unsolicited Proposal. The Company shall notify Investor of its receipt of any
Unsolicited Proposal immediately upon receipt thereof, and shall provide to
Investor a copy of such Unsolicited Proposal or a description of all material
terms thereof, including the party or parties involved. If the Company's board
of directors determines that acceptance of any Unsolicited Proposal is required
in order to fulfill its fiduciary obligations, prior to accepting such
Unsolicited Proposal, the Company shall notify Investor of its intent to accept
such Unsolicited Proposal. Investor shall have twenty-one (21) days from the
date it receives such notice from the Company to present a revised proposal of
its own to the Company (although Investor shall under no circumstances be
obligated to do so), which the Company's board of directors shall fully consider
in good faith. In the event that, following the consideration of any revised
proposal from Investor or, in the absence of any such revised proposal,
following the expiration of twenty-one (21) days, the Company's board of
directors determines that acceptance of the Unsolicited Proposal is required in
order to fulfill its fiduciary obligations pursuant to this Section 3.2 and the
Company has complied with all aspects of this Section 3.2, then the Company
shall be under no obligation to proceed with the Anticipated Equity Financing;
provided, however, that all other terms and conditions of this Agreement and the
Related Recapitalization Documents, including, without limitation, the terms and
conditions of any Notes and Warrants issued pursuant to this Agreement, shall
remain in full force and effect (with the exception of Sections 2.1, 2.5(b),
2.5(c), 4.6(b), 4.6(d), 4.6(e) and 4.6(h) of this Agreement which shall
terminate and be of no further effect). Upon the later of (i) the termination,
if applicable, of the Company's obligation to proceed with the Anticipated
Equity Financing as described in this Section 3.2, and (ii) the date that no
Notes are outstanding, the covenants contained in Section 4.6(f) of this
Agreement shall terminate and be of no further effect.

     3.3 Structure: It is the preference of the Company to raise the Anticipated
Equity Financing in the form of a private investment in public entity ("PIPE")
transaction, with the Company remaining a publicly traded entity. However, the
Company acknowledges and agrees that there can be no assurance that it will be
reasonably feasible to do so. The Company, with assistance from two investment
banks, has tried for two years without success to raise financing through a
secondary equity offering or PIPE while remaining a publicly traded entity. In
order to raise the necessary follow-on financing to the Bridge Funding, it may
be necessary for the Company to do so in connection with, or following, the
deregistration of the Common Stock under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the "EXCHANGE ACT"). In order to accommodate the Company's preference
for a PIPE transaction, while also providing for the possibility of effecting
the follow-on financing in connection with or following deregistration of the
Common Stock under the Exchange Act if the latter transaction is either
necessary or desirable, the parties agree to the plan set forth below. The
parties further agree that the securities to be sold for the Anticipated Equity
Financing will be the same Convertible Preferred Stock, on the same terms and
conditions as set forth herein, regardless of whether the structure of the
Anticipated Equity Financing is (i) a PIPE transaction, (ii) in connection with,
or following, the deregistration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act, or
(iii) a combination thereof.

          (a) Initial PIPE: The Company will first seek to sell at least $8
million of the Convertible Preferred Stock through a PIPE transaction. The
Company's Board of Directors is

                                       17.

<PAGE>

requested not to change until the earlier of: (x) approval by the Company's
stockholders of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and/or the
Related Recapitalization Documents; or (y) the expiration of the Bridge Period.
In the event such sale through a PIPE transaction is not achieved, and if it
reasonably appears that such sale can be achieved in connection with or
following the deregistration of the Company's Common Stock under the Exchange
Act, the Company will then review the Anticipated Equity Financing with a view
to proceeding with such financing in connection with or following the
deregistration of the Company's Common Stock under the Exchange Act.

          (b) Regulatory Approval and Shareholder Consent: The Company will
fully disclose, in all applicable regulatory filings and all documents relating
to shareholder notice and consent, the full Recapitalization Plan.

     3.4 Terms and Conditions: The terms and conditions of the Anticipated
Equity Financing shall be as set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred
Stock Term Sheet, which is attached hereto as Exhibit B and incorporated herein
by reference. Such terms and conditions include, without limitation, the
following:

          (a) Securities To Be Issued: The Anticipated Equity Financing shall
consist of the issuance and sale of up to $40 million of Convertible Preferred
Stock (including any shares issuable upon conversion of Bridge Funding, but not
including any shares issuable upon exercise of warrants, options, and similar
instruments or obligations, which shares shall be issued in addition to the
issuance and sale of up to $40 million) (the "MAXIMUM ISSUANCE"), in one or more
closings over a period of 12 months commencing at the first closing of
Convertible Preferred Stock (the "EQUITY FINANCING PERIOD"), so long as the
aggregate amount issued and sold (excluding the amounts to be issued upon
exercise of warrants, options and similar instruments or obligations) does not
exceed the Maximum Issuance. The price per share for such issuance and sale
shall be the lesser of $0.10 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock
dividends and the like) or a 35% discount to the average closing price during
the twenty trading days prior to closing; provided, however, that in no event
shall the price per share be less than $0.04 per share (as adjusted for stock
splits, stock dividends and the like).

          (b) Preferred Warrants: The Company shall issue $8 million in warrant
coverage on the first $8 million of Convertible Preferred Stock purchased for
cash (the "PREFERRED STOCK WARRANTS"). Preferred Stock Warrants shall not be
issued upon conversion of notes, exercise of warrants, or other conversion or
exercise. The number of shares issuable upon exercise of warrants to be so
issued shall be determined on the basis of $0.10 per share (subject to
adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like), and the aggregate
number of shares for which the holders of Preferred Stock Warrants shall be able
to exercise such Warrants shall therefore be 80,000,000 shares. The exercise
price of such Preferred Stock Warrants shall be the lesser of $0.10 per share
(subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like) and a 35%
discount to the average closing price during the twenty trading days prior to
the first closing of the sale of Convertible Preferred Stock; provided, however
that in no event will the exercise price be less than $0.04 per share (subject
to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like). The exercise
period shall commence upon issuance of the Preferred Stock Warrants, and shall
continue for a period of seven (7) years after their respective issuance dates.

                                       18.

<PAGE>

          (c) Investor Election to Lead: Investor has elected to serve as the
lead to identify and organize Other Investors during the Bridge Period and the
Equity Financing Period, and prepare for one or more closings of the Anticipated
Equity Financing during the Equity Financing Period.

          (d) Right of First Refusal: Investor shall have a right of first
refusal to purchase up to $15 million of the Convertible Preferred Stock. This
right of first refusal shall apply at each closing during the Equity Financing
Period, until the $15 million amount is reached. Such purchases shall be
determined in addition to, and shall not be deemed to include, any purchases of
Convertible Preferred Stock by Investor (including its designees) through
conversion of Bridge Funding, or exercise of any warrants or similar
instruments. Such right of first refusal shall apply regardless of whether or
not Investor leads the financing during any part of the Equity Financing Period.

SECTION 4: GENERAL PROVISIONS

     4.1 Standstill and Exclusivity: During the Bridge Period and the Equity
Financing Period, as defined herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term
Sheet, but excluding the periods from February 18, 2004 through February 29,
2004 and March 16, 2004 through the Effective Date (collectively the "STANDSTILL
PERIOD"), the parties shall have worked together, and shall continue to work
together, in good faith with best efforts to implement the terms of this
Agreement. Except as provided in the fiduciary exception set forth in Section
3.2 hereof, during the Standstill Period the Company and its officers,
directors, employees, agents, advisers, consultants, partners and collaborators
shall work only with Investor and its agents, advisers and consultants, and
shall have had, and shall continue to have, no discussions, negotiations and/or
communications of any kind with any other parties, regardless of which party
initiates or attempts to initiate any such contact or communication, in regard
to any potential equity or debt financing of the Company, and/or any joint
venture, license, co-development or other business arrangement, or merger,
consolidation, business combination or sale of all or substantially all of the
Company's assets, by or with parties other than Investor.

     4.2 Cross-Default: The Company acknowledges that the financing contemplated
by this Agreement is part of an integrated Recapitalization Plan, as set forth
in this Agreement and the Related Recapitalization Documents. The Company
further acknowledges and agrees that this Agreement is subject to all terms and
conditions set forth in the Related Recapitalization Documents, and that the
Related Recapitalization Documents are subject to all of the terms and
conditions of this Agreement. The Company agrees that any default by the Company
under any provision of this Agreement or any of the Related Recapitalization
Documents will constitute a default under each other Related Recapitalization
Document and this Agreement.

     4.3 Termination of Soma Partners: Prior to any closing hereunder, including
without limitation the closing of the Initial Bridge Funding hereunder, the
Company shall terminate all existing agreements, understandings, commitments and
obligations with Soma (other than an existing obligation of $3,000 and
obligations under the tail period following termination of the letter agreement
between the Company and Soma dated October 15, 2003). Following such
termination, the Company shall be permitted (but not required) to negotiate and
enter into a new agreement with Soma, provided that the terms and conditions of
any such agreement are in

                                       19.

<PAGE>

accordance with prevailing market terms, and provided further that the Company
obtains the prior written approval of Investor for any such new agreement.

     4.4 Indemnification: The Company will indemnify, defend and hold Investor
and each person controlling Investor harmless, to the fullest extent allowed
under applicable law, from and against all liabilities, losses, and damages,
together with all reasonable costs and expenses related thereto (including,
without limitation, reasonable legal and accounting fees and expenses), other
than consequential losses or damages, which would not have been incurred if (a)
all of the representations and warranties of the Company herein had been true,
correct and complete as of each closing, and (b) all of the covenants and
agreements of the Company herein had been fully and timely complied with and
performed. The Company will pay as incurred to Investor and to each person
controlling Investor, all legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in
connection with investigating, defending against, and/or settling any such
liability, loss or damage.

     4.5 Injunctive Relief: The Company agrees that its breach of this Agreement
will cause irreparable harm to the Investor and that monetary damages would not
be a sufficient remedy in the event of a breach of the Agreement by the Company.
The Company agrees that Investor shall be entitled to seek and obtain injunctive
relief and/or specific performance under this Agreement in the event of any such
breach. Such remedies shall not be deemed to be exclusive remedies for a breach
of this Agreement but shall be in addition to all other remedies available to
Investor at law or in equity.

     4.6 Additional Covenants:

          (a) The Company will make, in a timely manner, all filings required by
applicable regulatory agencies (whether state or federal), exchanges, markets or
other bodies, at the Company's expense, in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and the Related Recapitalization Documents.

          (b) As soon as practicable after the Effective Date, the Company will
use its best efforts to obtain all necessary consents and, if applicable,
shareholder votes from its shareholders to implement the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and the Related Recapitalization Documents.

          (c) The Company shall not hire, engage, retain or agree to hire,
engage or retain any Personnel, except with Investor's express prior written
approval, on a case by case basis;

          (d) The Company shall not enter into, increase, expand, extend, renew
or reinstate any severance, retention, separation, change of control or similar
agreement with any Personnel, or agree, promise, commit or undertake to do so,
without the prior written approval of Investor;

          (e) The Company shall make no expenditures in excess of $10,000 in
aggregate other than in accordance with a budget pre-approved by Investor;

                                       20.
<PAGE>

          (f) The Company shall report the Company's cash position and all
expenditures and commitments for expenditures to Investor on a bi-weekly basis;

          (g) The Company shall not deviate, during the period covered by such
budget, more than $10,000 in aggregate from the budget included in the Schedule
of Exceptions in connection with the Subsequent Bridge Note, nor take any action
or make any promise, undertaking or commitment that would result in the Company
incurring or accumulating payables and/or other financial obligations of any
kind, whether current or deferred, direct or indirect, for purposes other than
as set forth in budgets expressly agreed to by Investor, and/or in any amounts
in excess of the amounts set forth in such agreed budgets, which equal or exceed
$10,000 in aggregate, and which have not been approved in writing in advance by
Investor;

          (h) The Company shall not purchase, lease, hire, rent or otherwise
acquire directly or indirectly any rights in or to any asset or facility outside
of the ordinary course of business in an amount in excess of $10,000, in
aggregate, or agree, promise or commit to do so, except in accordance with the
Company's budget that has been approved by the Company's board of directors and
the Investor;

          (i) The Company shall comply in all respects with all covenants listed
in Section 10 of the Notes. The covenants listed in Section 10 of the Notes are
hereby incorporated by reference into this Section 4.6 of this Agreement;

          (j) The Company shall comply in all respects with all covenants listed
in Section 3 of the Initial Bridge Warrants. The covenants listed in Section 3
of the Initial Bridge Warrants are incorporated by reference into this Section
4.6 of this Agreement;

          (k) The Company shall use its best efforts to obtain, within 30 days
of the Effective Date, the written agreement, in a form acceptable to Investor,
of each of those stockholders of the Company listed on Schedule 4.6 hereto (the
"KEY STOCKHOLDERS") to vote in favor of the approval of this Agreement, the
Related Recapitalization Documents and all transactions contemplated hereunder
and thereunder, including, without limitation, the approval of an amendment to
the Company's Charter in order to authorize sufficient capital stock to permit
the Anticipated Equity Financing. Such written agreement of the Key Stockholders
shall, without limitation, include a provision whereby each Key Stockholder
agrees that it will not take any action in opposition to the transactions
contemplated hereby or attempt to frustrate the purposes hereof; and

          (l) The Company shall comply in all respects with all covenants listed
in Section 3 of the Subsequent Bridge Warrant. The covenants listed in Section 3
of the Subsequent Bridge Warrant are incorporated by reference into this Section
4.6 of this Agreement.

     4.7 Representations and Warranties: Except as expressly set forth (with
reference to a section in this Agreement) in the Schedule of Exceptions (as
updated as of each closing contemplated by this Agreement and the Related
Recapitalization Documents) attached hereto as Exhibit I (the "SCHEDULE OF
EXCEPTIONS"), and only to the extent such exceptions are acceptable to Investor,
in its sole discretion, as of the Effective Date, and independently as of the
date upon

                                      21.

<PAGE>

which each Note is issued to Investor, and as of the date of each closing, if
any, of the Anticipated Equity Financing, the Company represents and warrants to
the following:

          4.7.1 Organization, Good Standing and Qualification. The Company is a
corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws
of the State of Delaware and has all requisite corporate power and authority to
carry on its business. The Company is duly qualified to transact business and is
in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the failure so to qualify would
have a material adverse effect on its business, properties, operations,
prospects or condition (financial or otherwise).

          4.7.2 Authorization of Agreement, Etc. The execution, delivery and
performance by the Company of this Agreement, including the Related
Recapitalization Documents, has been duly authorized by all requisite corporate
action by the Company in accordance with Delaware law. This Agreement and the
Related Recapitalization Documents that are being or have been executed as of
such closing are valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable
against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as limited by
applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or other laws of
general application effecting enforcements of creditors' rights or general
principles of equity.

          4.7.3 No Conflicts. The execution, delivery, performance, issuance,
sale and delivery of this Agreement and the Related Recapitalization Documents,
and compliance with the provisions hereof by the Company, will not (a) to the
knowledge of the Company, violate any provision of any law, statute, rule or
regulation applicable to the Company or any ruling, writ, injunction, order,
judgment or decree of any court, arbitrator, administrative agency or other
governmental body applicable to the Company or any of its properties or assets
or (b) conflict with or result in any material breach of any of the terms,
conditions or provisions of, or constitute (with notice or lapse of time or
both) a material default (or give rise to any right of termination, cancellation
or acceleration) under, or result in the creation of, any encumbrance upon any
of the material assets of the Company under, the Charter or Bylaws of the
Company (as they may be amended to date) or any agreement or instrument to which
the Company is a party. As used herein, "encumbrance" shall mean any liens,
charges, encumbrances, equities, claims, options, proxies, pledges, security
interests, licenses or other similar rights of any nature.

          4.7.4 Compliance with Other Instruments. The Company is not in
violation of any term of the Company's Charter, as amended, including any
certificate of designation filed therewith, and/or the Company's Bylaws. The
Company is not, in any material respect, in violation of any term of any
mortgage, indenture, contract, agreement, instrument, judgment, decree, order,
statute, rule or regulation to which the Company or any of such Collateral is
subject. To the best of the Company's knowledge, no event has occurred which,
with the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a
breach or violation, in any material respect, under any applicable judgments,
orders, writs, decrees, federal, state and/or local laws, rules or regulations
which would have a material adverse affect on the condition, financial or
otherwise, or operations of the Company (as it is currently conducted and as it
is proposed to be conducted) or on any material assets or any Intellectual
Property owned, controlled, licensed, possessed, and/or used by the Company. To
the best of its knowledge, the Company has avoided every condition, and has not
performed any act, the occurrence of which

                                      22.

<PAGE>

would result in the Company's loss of any right granted under any license,
distribution agreement or other agreement or Intellectual Property.

          4.7.5 Approvals. The Company has obtained all necessary permits,
authorizations, waivers, consents and approvals of or by, and made all necessary
notifications of and/or filings with, all applicable persons (governmental and
private), in connection with the execution, delivery, performance, issuance,
sale and/or delivery of this Agreement and the Related Recapitalization
Documents, and consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby, except as listed in Schedule 4.7.5.

          4.7.6 Capitalization. The authorized capital stock of the Company
consists of 125,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share and
15,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value of $0.001 per share. As of the
date hereof, 19,028,779 shares of Common Stock and no shares of preferred stock
of any kind are issued and outstanding. No other shares of any class or series
of the Company's capital stock are authorized and/or issued and outstanding. All
issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly
authorized and validly issued, and are fully paid and non-assessable, and have
been offered, sold and delivered by the Company in compliance with all
applicable federal and state securities laws. Except as set forth in Schedule
4.7.6, no subscription, warrant, option, convertible security, or other right
(direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise) to purchase or otherwise acquire
any equity securities of the Company is authorized or outstanding, and there is
no agreement, promise, commitment, undertaking or letter of intent of any kind
(direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise) by the Company to issue any
shares, subscriptions, warrants, options, convertible securities, or other such
rights, or to distribute to holders of any of its equity securities any evidence
of indebtedness or asset. Except as set forth in Schedule 4.7.6, the Company has
no obligation of any kind (direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise) to
purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of its equity securities or any
interest therein or to pay any dividend or make any other distribution in
respect thereof. Schedule 4.7.6 includes a true, accurate and complete statement
describing the total number of shares of the Company outstanding as of the date
of this Agreement (on a fully diluted basis, including, without limitation, all
warrants and options outstanding (whether or not currently exercisable), all
convertible instruments of any kind (whether or not currently convertible),
shares of all classes of stock, and any agreements, promises, commitments,
undertakings or letters of intent to issue any of the foregoing.

          4.7.7 Authorization of the Shares. The Company has, or before the
first closing of the Anticipated Equity Financing hereunder will have,
authorized the issuance and sale of a sufficient number of shares of Convertible
Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, and Common Stock of the Company to
fully implement the Recapitalization Plan, while maintaining such additional
authorized but unissued shares as reasonably determined by Holder to be
appropriate. Of such authorized shares, a sufficient number of shares shall be
reserved for issuance upon any exercise of the Bridge Warrants and/or Preferred
Stock Warrants. If at any time the number of authorized but unissued shares of
Convertible Preferred Stock and/or of Common Stock is not sufficient to effect
the conversion of all then outstanding convertible Notes and other instruments,
and the exercise of all then outstanding warrants, options and similar
instruments, then, in addition to such other remedies as may be available to
Investor, including, without limitation, the exercise of Investor's right of
first refusal set forth in Section 2.7(f)

                                      23.

<PAGE>

hereof, the Company shall take such corporate action as may be necessary to
increase its authorized but unissued shares of Convertible Preferred Stock
and/or Common Stock to such number of shares as will be sufficient for such
purposes. Such corporate action shall include, without limitation, obtaining all
requisite regulatory approvals and any requisite shareholder approval of any
necessary amendment to the Company's Charter.

          4.7.8 Litigation. Except as set forth in Schedule 4.7.8 of the
Disclosure Schedule, there is no action, suit, proceeding or investigation
pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, currently threatened against the
Company, or its officers, directors, advisors, agents, properties, assets or
business, in each case relating to the Company. The Company is not a party or
subject to the provisions of any order, writ, injunction, judgment or decree of
any court or government agency or instrumentality. There is no action, suit,
proceeding or investigation by the Company currently pending or which the
Company intends to initiate.

          4.7.9 No Liens. Except for liens for the benefit of Investor, created
by this Agreement and/or any of the Related Recapitalization Documents, and
except as set forth in Schedule 4.7.9 of the Disclosure Schedule, none of the
material assets of the Company, including the Collateral, are subject to any
existing lien, pledge, security interest or other encumbrance of any kind,
direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise.

          4.7.10 Full Disclosure. Notwithstanding any other provision of this
Agreement or any Related Recapitalization Document, neither this Agreement, any
of the Related Recapitalization Documents nor any exhibit hereto or thereto, nor
any written report, certificate, instrument or other information furnished to
Investor in connection with the transactions contemplated under and/or in
connection with this Agreement and the Related Recapitalization Documents
contain any material misstatement (including, without limitation, any material
omission), or is misleading in any material respect.

          4.7.11 No Other Security Interests or Other Encumbrances. Except as
set forth in Schedule 4.7.11 (and only to the amounts set forth on such
schedule), there are no existing security interests, pledges, liens or other
encumbrances of any kind, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise (including
without limitation any licensing or partnering arrangements or agreements), in
or relating to any assets of the Company, including, without limitation, any
Intellectual Property (as defined in the Note) or other Collateral. All existing
security interests, pledges, liens or other encumbrances of any kind, other than
those set forth in Schedule 4.7.11 hereto (and only to the amounts set forth on
such schedule), are subordinate to the security interest established pursuant to
the Notes, in accordance with Section 11 thereof, all necessary consents,
subordination agreements and waivers, if any, have been obtained, and all
amended filings and/or re-filings shall be made immediately upon the Effective
Date.

          4.7.12 "Small Business".

          (a) Small Business Status. The Company together with its "affiliates"
(as that term is defined in Section 121.103 of Title 13 of Code of Federal
Regulations (the "FEDERAL REGULATIONS")) is a "small business concern" within
the meaning of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958, as amended (the "SMALL
BUSINESS ACT" or "SBIA"), and the regulations promulgated thereunder, including
Section 121.301(c) of Title 13, Code of Federal Regulations.

                                      24.

<PAGE>

          (b) Information for SBA Reports. The Company has delivered and/or will
deliver to Investor certain information, set forth by and regarding the Company
and its affiliates in connection with this Agreement, on SBA Forms 480, 652 and
Part A and B of Form 1031. This information delivered was true, accurate,
complete and correct, and any information yet to be delivered will be true,
accurate, complete and correct, and in form and substance acceptable to
Investor.

          (c) Eligibility. The Company is eligible for financing by any SBIC
Investor pursuant to Section 107.720 of Title 13 of the Federal Regulations.

          4.7.13 Intellectual Property.

          (a) Definitions. "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY" means all foreign and
domestic intangible property and rights, owned, licensed, sub-licensed or
otherwise obtained by the Company, including, without limitation, (i)
inventions, discoveries and ideas, whether patentable or not, and all patents,
registrations and applications therefor, including divisions, continuations,
continuations-in-part, requests for continued examination, and renewal
applications, and including renewals, extensions and reissues, including without
limitation those items referenced on Appendix 2 to Exhibit A of the Note
(collectively, "PATENTS"); (ii) confidential and proprietary information, trade
secrets and know-how, including without limitation processes, schematics,
formulae, drawings, prototypes, models, designs and customer lists
(collectively, "TRADE SECRETS"); (iii) all data, slides, observations, and
laboratory results, produced by, for or on behalf of the Company, or which the
Company has rights to obtain (collectively, "DATA"); (iv) all FDA applications,
registrations, filings and other rights (collectively, "FDA RIGHTS") and all
data and documentation supporting or relating thereto; (iv) published and
unpublished works of authorship, whether copyrightable or not (including,
without limitation, databases and other compilations of information), copyrights
therein and thereto, and registrations and applications therefor, and all
renewals, extensions, restorations and reversions thereof (collectively,
"COPYRIGHTS"); (v) trademarks, service marks, brand names, certification marks,
collective marks, d/b/a's, Internet domain names, logos, symbols, data, trade
dress, assumed names, fictitious names, trade names, and other indicia of
origin, all applications and registrations for the foregoing, and all goodwill
associated therewith and symbolized thereby, including all extensions,
modifications and renewals of same, including without limitation those items
referenced on Appendix 1 to Exhibit A of the Note (collectively, "TRADEMARKS");
(vi) all other intellectual property or proprietary rights, including, without
limitation, all claims or causes of action arising out of or related to any
infringement, misappropriation or other violation of any of the foregoing,
including rights to recover for past, present and future violations thereof
(collectively, "OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHTS").

     "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CONTRACTS" means all agreements involving, relating
to or affecting the Intellectual Property, including, without limitation,
agreements granting rights to use the Licensed or Sub-Licensed Intellectual
Property, agreements granting rights to use Owned Intellectual Property,
confidentiality agreements, Trademark coexistence agreements, Trademark consent
agreements and non-assertion agreements.

                                      25.

<PAGE>

     "LICENSED OR SUB-LICENSED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY" means the Intellectual
Property that the Company is licensed, sub-licensed or otherwise permitted by
other persons or entities to use.

     "OWNED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY" means the Intellectual Property owned by the
Company.

     "REGISTERED" means issued, registered, renewed or the subject of a pending
application.

          (b) Schedule 4.7.13 ("INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY") sets forth a true and
complete list and summary description of (A) all Registered or material Owned
Intellectual Property (each identified as a Patent, Trademark, Trade Secret,
Copyright or Other Proprietary Right, as the case may be); (B) all Licensed or
Sub-Licensed Intellectual Property and (C) all Intellectual Property Contracts.

          (c) All Intellectual Property is valid, subsisting and enforceable. No
Owned Intellectual Property has been canceled, suspended, adjudicated invalid,
not maintained, expired or lapsed, or is subject to any outstanding order,
judgment or decree restricting its use or adversely affecting or reflecting the
Company's rights thereto. No Licensed or Sub-Licensed Intellectual Property has
been canceled, suspended, not renewed or extended, adjudicated invalid, not
maintained, expired or lapsed, or is subject to any outstanding order, judgment
or decree restricting its use or adversely affecting or reflecting the Company's
rights thereto.

          (d) The Owned Intellectual Property is owned exclusively by the
Company and has been used with all patent, trademark, copyright, confidential,
proprietary and other Intellectual Property notices and legends prescribed by
law or otherwise permitted.

          (e) No suit, action, reissue, reexamination, public protest,
interference, opposition, cancellation or other proceeding (collectively,
"SUIT") is pending or threatened concerning any claim or position:

               (i) that the Company, or another person or entity, has violated
any Intellectual Property rights. To the Company's best knowledge, the Company
is not violating and has not violated any intellectual property rights of any
other party.

               (ii) that the Company, or another person or entity, has breached
any Intellectual Property Contract. There exists no event, condition or
occurrence which, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, or both, would
constitute a breach or default by the Company, or a breach or default by another
person or entity, under any Intellectual Property Contract. No party to any
Intellectual Property Contract has given the Company notice of its intention to
cancel, terminate or fail to renew any Intellectual Property Contract.

               (iii) that the Intellectual Property has been violated or is
invalid, unenforceable, unpatentable, unregisterable, cancelable, not owned or
not owned exclusively by the Company. No such claim has been threatened or
asserted. To the Company's best knowledge, no valid basis for any such Suits or
claims exists.

                                      26.

<PAGE>

          (f) To the Company's best knowledge, no other person or entity is
violating, infringing upon or claiming rights incompatible with the Company's
rights to any Intellectual Property. The Company has provided to Investor and
all Other Investors copies of all information reasonably available to it
relevant to intellectual property rights claimed by third parties and possible
infringement thereof including, without limitation, any freedom to practice or
freedom to operate opinions.

          (g) The Company owns or otherwise holds valid rights to use all
Intellectual Property used in its business.

          (h) The Company has timely made all filings and payments with the
appropriate foreign and domestic agencies and other parties required to maintain
in full force and effect all Intellectual Property. Except as set forth on
Schedule 4.7.13, no due dates for filings or payments concerning the
Intellectual Property (including, without limitation, office action responses,
affidavits of use, affidavits of continuing use, renewals, requests for
extension of time, maintenance fees, application fees and foreign convention
priority filings) fall due within ninety (90) days prior to or after the
closing, whether or not such due dates are extendable. The Company is in
compliance with all applicable rules and regulations of such agencies and other
parties with respect to the Intellectual Property. All documentation necessary
to confirm and effect the Intellectual Property, if acquired from other persons
or entities, has been recorded in the United States Patent and Trademark Office,
the United States Copyright Office and other official offices.

          (i) The Company has undertaken and consistently implemented best
efforts to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all non-public
Intellectual Property used in its business (including, without limitation,
entering into appropriate confidentiality agreements with all officers,
directors, employees and other persons or entities with access to such
non-public Intellectual Property). Company management has not disclosed any such
non-public Intellectual Property to any persons or entities other than (i)
Company employees or Company contractors who had a need to know and use such
non-public Intellectual Property in the ordinary course of employment or
contract performance, or (ii) prospective customers, and in each case who
executed appropriate confidentiality agreements.

          (j) The Company has taken all reasonable measures to confirm that no
current or former Company employee is or was a party to any confidentiality
agreement or agreement not to compete that restricts or forbids, or restricted
or forbade at any time during such employee's employment by the Company, such
employee's performance of the Company's business, or any other activity that
such employee was hired to perform or otherwise performed on behalf of or in
connection with such employee's employment by the Company.

          4.7.14 SEC Filings; Financial Statements.

          (a) The Company has delivered or made available to Investor accurate
and complete copies of all registration statements, proxy statements and other
statements, reports, schedules, forms and other documents filed by the Company
with the SEC since January 1, 2003, and all amendments thereto (the "COMPANY SEC
DOCUMENTS"). Except as set forth on Schedule 4.7.14, all statements, reports,
schedules, forms and other documents required to have

                                      27.

<PAGE>

been filed by the Company with the SEC have been so filed on a timely basis. As
of the time it was filed with the SEC (or, if amended or superseded by a filing
prior to the date of this Agreement, then on the date of such filing): (i) each
of the Company SEC Documents complied in all material respects with the
applicable requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (as the case
may be); and (ii) none of the Company SEC Documents contained any untrue
statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

          (b) The financial statements (including any related notes) contained
in the Company SEC Documents: (i) complied as to form in all material respects
with the published rules and regulations of the SEC applicable thereto; (ii)
were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered (except as may be
indicated in the notes to such financial statements or, in the case of unaudited
statements, as permitted by Form 10-Q of the SEC, and except that the unaudited
financial statements may not contain footnotes and are subject to normal and
recurring year-end adjustments that will not, individually or in the aggregate,
be material in amount), and (iii) fairly present the consolidated financial
position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the respective
dates thereof and the consolidated results of operations and cash flows of the
Company and its consolidated subsidiaries for the periods covered thereby.

          4.7.15 Liabilities. The Company has no accrued, contingent and/or
other liabilities of any nature, either mature or immature, as of the
Restatement Date other than (i) tax liabilities to the State of Washington in
the maximum amount of $492,000, (ii) amounts payable to Cognate and (iii) future
lease payments to Benaroya Capital Co. LLC for the Company's premises lease not
yet due, in the aggregate in excess of $450,000, of which $325,000 are currently
due payables, $69,000 are the aggregate balances of capital leases payable in
monthly installments in the amounts set forth in the budget included in the
Schedule of Exceptions through the first calendar quarter of 2006, decreasing
thereafter, the last of which is fully amortized in May 2007, and $55,000 are
accrued vacation and sick pay.

          4.7.16 Compliance with All Standstill Provisions. The Company has
complied in all respects with all standstill, exclusivity and confidentiality
provisions of (a) this Agreement, the Notes and the Related Recapitalization
Documents, (b) Section 13 of that certain 10% Convertible, Secured Promissory
Note by and between the Company and Investor dated as of February 2, 2004 and
(c) Section 13 of that certain 10% Convertible, Secured Promissory Note by and
between the Company and Investor dated as of March 1, 2004.

     4.8 Representations and Warranties of Investor: Investor hereby represents
and warrants to the Company, as of the Effective Date and, independently as of
the date upon which each Note is issued to Investor that subject to, and based
in part on, the Company's representation and warranty in Section 4.7.10 hereof,

          (a) Investor has conducted its own due diligence review of the Company
and received copies or originals of all documents it has requested from the
Company; Notwithstanding the foregoing, this representation shall not in any way
be deemed to prohibit, limit, restrict or otherwise impact Investor's rights to
indemnification, and/or to any other rights

                                      28.

<PAGE>

or remedies available at law or equity, from the Company and its affiliates in
the event of a breach by the Company of any representation, warranty, covenant
or other term hereof or of any Related Recapitalization Document; and

          (b) Investor is aware of the Company's financial prospects and
acknowledges that the sources of repayment of the Notes and the payment of
Investor's fees, costs and expenses pursuant to Section 4.11 are limited to
additional capital raised in bridge or other debt financing, the Anticipated
Equity Financing or other future financing transaction or foreclosure of the
Collateral.

     4.9 Conditions to Closing: Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, and,
in each case, unless expressly waived in writing in advance by Investor (any
such waiver by Investor shall be applicable only as to such closing and shall
not be deemed a waiver of such condition as to future closings, if any), and
only to the extent expressly waived, all closings contemplated under this
Agreement and the Related Recapitalization Documents shall be conditional upon
and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each of the following conditions
precedent, with each such satisfaction or waiver to be determined by Investor in
its sole discretion (including, without limitation, the acceptability to
Investor of any exception set forth in a disclosure schedule), on or before the
applicable closing date. Investor shall make all such determinations in its sole
discretion. These conditions are in addition to the conditions set forth in
Section 2.4. The conditions precedent to each closing under this Agreement and
the Related Recapitalization Documents shall include the following, unless
waived by Investor in its sole discretion:

          (a) Performance of Obligations. The Company has in all material
respects performed all obligations and agreements and complied with all
covenants and other items contained in the Agreement and the Related
Recapitalization Documents required to be performed or fulfilled on or before
the applicable closing date.

          (b) Representations True and Complete. All of the representations and
warranties made by the Company in the Agreement and the Related Recapitalization
Documents true, correct and complete, with no material inaccuracies or
omissions, as of the applicable closing date.

          (c) No Material Adverse Change. There has been no change that has had
or could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the
business, affairs, prospects, operations, properties, assets, liabilities,
structure or condition, financial or otherwise, of the Company (as such business
is presently conducted and/or as it is proposed to be conducted) (a "MATERIAL
ADVERSE EFFECT") since December 31, 2003.

          (d) Proceedings. All corporate and other proceedings, and all
documents applicable to the transactions involved in the purchase and sale of
any securities issued or to be issued under this Agreement or the Related
Recapitalization Documents, are satisfactory in substance and form to Investor
and, if applicable Other Investors), and Investor and its counsel and Other
Investors (as applicable) and their respective counsel have received all such
counterpart originals or certified or other copies of such documents as they may
have requested including, without limitation, the following:

                                       29.

<PAGE>

               (i) The Company's Charter (including any amendments, restatements
and certificates of designation thereto) filed with and certified by the
Delaware Secretary of State;

               (ii) A certificate, as of the most recent practicable date prior
to or on the applicable closing date, as to the corporate good standing of the
Company, issued by the Delaware Secretary of State and any other applicable
state tax department;

               (iii) The Bylaws of the Company, certified by the Secretary of
the Company as of the applicable closing date;

               (iv) The resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company
authorizing and approving all matters in connection with this Agreement and the
Related Recapitalization Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and
thereby, certified by the Secretary of the Company as of the applicable closing
date.

               (v) As applicable, the resolutions of the Company's stockholders
or stockholder vote, certified by the Secretary of the Company, of the
stockholders approving any matter in connection with this Agreement and/or the
Related Recapitalization Documents upon which the stockholders are required to
vote under applicable law as of any applicable closing date whereby such
stockholder approval would be necessary to issue securities due at such closing
date or otherwise effectuate such closing.

          (e) Executed Agreements. The Company will have executed, delivered and
maintained in force this Agreement and the Related Recapitalization Documents.

          (f) Due Diligence. The Company will have provided prior to the
applicable closing date all due diligence information requested by Investor or
any Other Investor, and/or necessary to enable such investor to complete a
thorough due diligence review and obtain a complete and accurate understanding
of the business, operations, prospects, assets, liabilities, structure, legal
aspects and condition, financial or otherwise, of the Company.

          (g) No Severance Agreements. The Company will not have entered into,
increased, expanded, extended, or renewed any severance, separation, retention,
change of control or similar agreement with any employee, or agreed, promised or
committed to do so, within the six month period prior to any closing hereunder,
without the prior written approval of Investor.

          (h) Termination of Soma Partners. The Company shall deliver to
Investor written evidence satisfactory to Investor that all existing agreements
with Soma have been terminated, and that the Company has notified Soma that
Investor was not introduced to the Company by Soma and that in accordance with
Section 7 of the letter agreement by and between Soma and the Company, dated as
of October 15, 2003, Soma is not entitled to any compensation (cash or
securities) from the Company by virtue of any investment by Investor in the
Company (other than an existing obligation of $3,000).

          (i) Board Certification of Shares Outstanding. The Board of Directors
of the Company shall deliver to the Investor a certified statement detailing, to
the best of the board's

                                       30.

<PAGE>

knowledge, the total number of shares of the Company outstanding as of the date
of each closing (on a fully-diluted basis, including, without limitation, all
shares of stock of all series and classes, all options, warrants, convertible
instruments of any kind (whether or not exercised or converted as the case may
be), and any promises, commitments, agreements, undertakings or letters of
intent to issue any of the foregoing).

          (j) Bridge Funding Conditions. The Company has complied with all of
the Closing Conditions of Bridge Funding as listed in Section 2.4 hereof.

          (k) Officer's Certificate. The Chief Executive Officer of the Company,
or other officer of the Company acceptable to Investor in Investor's sole
discretion, will deliver to Investor at each closing a certificate certifying
that the conditions specified in this Section 4.9 (other than actions to be
taken by parties other than the Company or existing shareholders) have been
fulfilled. For each subsequent closing, there shall have been no material
inaccuracy or omission in any certificate delivered to Investor pursuant to this
Section 4.9(k) on the Effective Date or at any closing occurring after the
Effective Date.

          (l) The Board of Directors of the Company shall have amended the
Stockholder Rights Agreement (the "RIGHTS AGREEMENT") dated as of February 26,
2002 between the Company and Mellon Investor Services LLC, as Rights Agent such
that (i) Investor, Other Investors, and their respective affiliates shall be
excluded from the definition of the "ACQUIRING PERSON" thereunder (and any
additional, conforming changes that are deemed necessary to prevent the
transactions contemplated hereby from triggering the occurrence of a
"DISTRIBUTION DATE" thereunder) and (ii) the Rights Agreement may not be further
amended without the consent of Investor except in the event that the Company's
obligation to effect the Anticipated Equity Financing is terminated pursuant to
Section 3.2 hereof.

          (m) The Company shall have obtained the written agreement, in a form
acceptable to Investor, of each Key Stockholder (as listed in Schedule 4.6
hereto) to vote in favor of the approval of this Agreement, the Related
Recapitalization Documents and all transactions contemplated hereunder and
thereunder, including, without limitation, the approval of an amendment to the
Company's Charter in order to authorize sufficient capital stock to permit the
Anticipated Equity Financing. Such written agreement of the Key Stockholders
shall, without limitation, include a provision whereby each Key Stockholder
agrees that it will not take any action in opposition to the transactions
contemplated hereby or attempt to frustrate the purposes hereof.

     4.10 SBA Matters. The Company acknowledges that Investor has informed the
Company that it is a Federal licensee or sub-licensee under the Small Business
Investment Act ("SBIA") and a participant in the Small Business Investment
Company ("SBIC") program of the United States Small Business Administration
("SBA") and, as such, in its business and investment activities is required to
comply with the SBIA and all regulations, advice, direction and guidance
applicable to SBIC's. In addition, such laws and regulations also require
certain practices on the part of the companies in which Investor makes
investments, including but not limited to those requirements specifically
enumerated in this Agreement. So long as Investor holds any securities of the
Company:

                                      31.

<PAGE>

          (a) The Company will not change the nature of its business activity in
a manner that would cause a violation of Sections 107.720 and/or 107.760(b) of
Title 13 of the Code of Federal Regulations (including, without limitation, by
undertaking real estate, film production or oil and gas exploration activities).
In the event that the Company changes the nature of its business activity such
that such change would render the Company ineligible for financing pursuant to
applicable SBA rules and regulations, the Company agrees to use its best efforts
to facilitate a transfer or redemption of any securities then held by Investor.

          (b) The Company will at all times comply with the non-discrimination
requirements of Parts 112, 113 and 117 of Title 13 of the Code of Federal
Regulations.

          (c) Promptly after the end of each fiscal year (but in any event prior
to February 28 of each year), and at such other times as Investor may reasonably
request, the Company will deliver to Investor a written assessment, in form and
substance satisfactory to Investor, of the economic impact of Investor's
financing hereunder, specifying the full-time equivalent jobs created or
retained in connection with such investment, and the impact of the financing on
the Company's business in terms of revenues and profits and on taxes paid by the
Company and its employees.

          (d) The Company will provide to Investor and any Other Investor that
is a participant in a SBIC (each, an "SBIC INVESTOR") all financial information
required by such SBIC Investor, on a timely basis, including without limitation,
its quarterly and annual balance sheets and income statement. Such financial
information will be certified by a member of management of the Company at least
annually. Financial information required will also include such information as
is necessary for such SBIC Investor to file Form 468 with the SBA. The Company
will also provide on a timely basis any other information reasonably requested
or required by any governmental agency asserting jurisdiction over Investor. The
Company agrees to allow SBA examiners access to the Company's books and records,
as reasonably required by such examiners, in connection with their annual audits
of Investor or for any other legitimate purposes reasonably related to the
investment of the SBA in Investor. The Company will also provide, in good faith
and in a timely manner, all other assistance and cooperation reasonably required
to enable any SBIC or SBIC Investor to make all necessary filings and comply
with all applicable SBA and SBIC-related requirements.

          (e) The proceeds from the sale of securities (including, without
limitation, the Notes, Bridge Warrants, Preferred Stock Warrants and/or shares
of Convertible Preferred Stock) to any SBIC Investor (the "PROCEEDS"), shall be
used by the Company for its growth, modernization and/or expansion and/or for
general corporate purposes as permitted by applicable SBA rules and regulations.

     4.11 Fees; Expenses The Company shall pay, reimburse or otherwise satisfy,
upon demand of Investor, all fees, costs and expenses incurred and/or
undertaken, and to be incurred and/or undertaken, by Investor relating to the
preparation for, development of and implementation of the Recapitalization Plan
set forth in this Agreement, including, without limitation, all due diligence
expenses and all expenses relating to the Bridge Funding, the Anticipated Equity
Financing and the transactions contemplated hereby and the documentation of all
of the foregoing (including, without limitation all legal fees and expenses and
costs

                                      32.

<PAGE>

incurred and to be incurred in connection with any SBA filings), which shall be
satisfied by the Company upon Investor's demand, including but without
limitation upon each closing of the Bridge Funding or Anticipated Equity
Financing. This obligation shall apply regardless of whether or not all of the
transactions contemplated in this Agreement close. At each closing of Bridge
Funding or Anticipated Equity Financing, at Investor's sole discretion, and with
respect to any or all of such fees, costs and expenses accrued through such
closing, the Company shall (a) pay Investor in cash concurrently with such
closing (or at Investor's sole discretion, Investor may withhold such amount
from the wire of investment proceeds), (b) issue a Note in the form of Exhibit
A-5 in principal amount equal to such fees, costs and expenses (which at
Investor's option may instead be evidenced as an increase in the principal
amount of any Note issued in connection with such closing); or (c) treat such
fees, costs and expenses as an unsecured payable. At any time following such
closing, Investor may require any amounts that it elected to have the Company
treat as unsecured amounts payable to be paid in cash or satisfied by issuance
of a Note in the principal amount of some or all of such unsecured obligation.

     4.12 Confidentiality. Notwithstanding the fiduciary exception set forth in
Section 3.2 hereof, during the Standstill Period the Company and its officers,
directors, employees, agents, advisers, consultants, partners and collaborators
shall maintain confidentiality, and shall not provide copies, excerpts,
summaries or descriptions, or communicate in any way with any third parties,
either directly or indirectly, as to any aspects of the recapitalization of the
Company and/or any financing by Investor, including, without limitation, the
identity of the parties involved, any terms of this Agreement and/or the Related
Recapitalization Documents, the Convertible Preferred Stock or any other matter
relating to the recapitalization of the Company or the progress or status of any
activities or processes relating to the recapitalization of the Company;
provided, however, nothing herein shall prohibit the Company from filing this
Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), if required by the regulations of the SEC
(subject to the covenant in Section 2.5(a) hereof).

     4.13 Miscellaneous:

          (a) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each
of which when so executed and delivered will constitute a complete and original
instrument but all of which together will constitute one and the same agreement,
and it will not be necessary when making proof of this Agreement or any
counterpart thereof to account for any counterpart other than the counterpart of
the party against whom enforcement is sought.

          (b) Governing Law. This Agreement will be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to principles
of conflicts of law. Each party to this Agreement hereby irrevocably and
unconditionally agrees that any legal action, suit or proceeding arising out of
or relating to this Agreement or any agreements or transactions contemplated
hereby will be brought in any federal or state court located in Delaware, and
hereby irrevocably and unconditionally expressly submits to the personal
jurisdiction and venue of such courts for the purposes thereof and hereby
irrevocably and unconditionally waives any claim (by way of motion, as a defense
or otherwise) of improper venue, that it is not subject personally to the
jurisdiction of such court, that such courts are an inconvenient forum or that
this Agreement or the subject matter may not be enforced in or by

                                      33.

<PAGE>

such courts. Each party hereby irrevocably and unconditionally consents to the
service of process of any of the aforementioned courts in any such action, suit
or proceeding by the mailing of copies thereof by registered or certified mail,
postage prepaid, to the address set forth or provided for in Section 4.13(c) of
this Agreement, such service to become effective upon delivery, in accordance
with Section 4.13(c) below. Nothing herein contained will be deemed to affect
the right of any party to serve process in any manner permitted by law or
commence legal proceedings or otherwise proceed against any other party in any
other jurisdiction to enforce judgments obtained in any action, suit or
proceeding brought pursuant to this Section.

          (c) Notices. Any notices, consents, waivers or other communications
required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in
writing and will be deemed to be effective upon delivery when delivered (a)
personally; (b) by facsimile, provided a copy is mailed on the same day by
overnight delivery with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service; (c)
by overnight delivery with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service,
in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses
and facsimile numbers for such communications will be, in the case of Investor;

                                        Linda F. Powers
                                        Managing Director
                                        Toucan Capital Corp.
                                        7600 Wisconsin Ave, 7th floor
                                        Bethesda, MD 20814
                                        Tel: 240-497-4060
                                        Fax: 240-497-4065
                                        lpowers@toucancapital.com

                                        And in the case of the Company:

                                        Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc.
                                        Attention: Alton Boynton
                                        22322 20th Avenue, SE, Suite 150
                                        Bothell, Washington 98021
                                        Fax: 425-608-3009

or at such other address and facsimile number as the receiving party will have
furnished to the sending party in writing. Each party will provide five (5)
business days' prior written notice to the other parties of any change in
address or facsimile number.

          (d) Survivability. The representations, warranties, covenants and
agreements made herein will survive any investigation made by or on behalf of
the Investor or the Company, and will survive for two years after the applicable
closing date.

          (e) Successors and Assigns. Except as otherwise expressly provided
herein, the provisions hereof will inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon,
the respective successors, assigns, heirs, executors and administrators of the
parties hereto. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement or
the Related Recapitalization Documents, Investor may transfer or assign all or
any portion of its rights under this Agreement and the other Related

                                      34.

<PAGE>

Recapitalization Documents to any person or entity, or designate another party
to exercise all or any portion of Investor's rights under this Agreement and the
other Related Recapitalization Documents, so long as such transfer or assignment
is permissible under applicable federal and state securities laws. Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, all representations, warranties,
covenants and agreements benefiting Investor will inure to the benefit of any
and all subsequent holders from time to time of the Notes, the Bridge Warrants,
Preferred Stock Warrants, the shares of Convertible Preferred Stock contemplated
by this Agreement, and any Debt Securities and/or Equity Securities issued or
issuable upon exercise or conversion of any of the foregoing.

          (f) Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement (including the
Schedules and Exhibits hereto, which are an integral part of this Agreement) and
the Related Recapitalization Documents constitute the full and entire
understanding and agreement between the parties with regard to the subjects
hereof and thereof. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, neither this
Agreement, the Related Recapitalization Documents nor any term hereof or thereof
may be amended, waived, discharged or terminated, except by a written instrument
signed by the Company and Investor. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, no
provision that applies to any person or entity specifically designated by name
will be amended, waived, discharged or terminated without the express written
consent of such named person or entity. Also notwithstanding anything to the
contrary, this Agreement and/or the other Related Recapitalization Documents
will be amended as and to the extent necessary to comply with the Small Business
Investment Act and all regulations, advice, direction and guidance applicable to
SBICs.

          (g) Interpretation. All pronouns and any variations thereof will be
deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular or plural, as the
identity of the person or persons or entity or entities may require. All
references to "$" or dollars herein will be construed to refer to United States
dollars. The titles of the Sections and subsections of this Agreement are for
convenience or reference only and are not to be considered in construing this
Agreement.

          (h) Rights, Separability. In case any provision of this Agreement or
the Related Recapitalization Documents will be invalid, illegal or
unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining
provisions will not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

                            [SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

                                      35.

<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Agreement as of the
Restatement Date.

                                        NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                        By: /s/ Alton Boynton
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Alton Boynton
                                        Title: President

                                        TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP

                                        By: /s/ Linda F. Powers
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Linda F. Powers
                                        Title: Managing Director

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT A-1
                                     FORM OF
     $50,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE, SECURED
                      PROMISSORY NOTE DATED APRIL 26, 2004

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT A-2
                                     FORM OF
     $50,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE, SECURED
                      PROMISSORY NOTE DATED APRIL 26, 2004

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT A-3
                                     FORM OF
    $500,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE, SECURED
                      PROMISSORY NOTE DATED APRIL 26, 2004

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT A-4
                                     FORM OF
    $500,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE, SECURED
                       PROMISSORY NOTE DATED JUNE 11, 2004
<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT A-5

                                     FORM OF
       $2,000,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE,
                   SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE DATED JULY 30, 2004

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT B
                     CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT C
                   INITIAL BRIDGE WARRANT DATED APRIL 26, 2004

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT C-1
                   INITIAL BRIDGE WARRANT DATED JUNE 11, 2004

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT D
                         FORM OF PREFERRED STOCK WARRANT

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT E
                             SUBORDINATION AGREEMENT

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT F
                           NOTICE, CONSENT AND WAIVER

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT G
             FIRST AMENDMENT TO CONVERTIBLE SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT H
              FIRST AMENDMENT TO WARRANTS TO PURCHASE COMMON SHARES

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT I
                             SCHEDULE OF EXCEPTIONS

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT J
                            SUBSEQUENT BRIDGE WARRANT

<PAGE>

       AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

     This AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT
(this "Amendment") is made and entered into as of October 22, 2004 (the
"Amendment Date") by and between Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., and its
affiliates, if any (collectively, the "Company"), a Delaware corporation with
offices at 22322 20th Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and Toucan
Capital Fund II, L.P., and its designees (collectively, "Investor"), a Delaware
limited partnership with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814.
All capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the
meaning given such terms in the Agreement (as defined below).

                                    RECITALS

     Whereas, the Company and Investor have entered into that certain Amended
and Restated Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2004 (the
"Agreement");

     Whereas, the Company and Investor desire to amend the Agreement in order
for Investor to provide the Company with up to $1,000,000 of additional Bridge
Funding and to make such other changes to the Agreement as are set forth herein;
and

     Whereas, Section 4.13(f) of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may
be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by the Company and
Investor.

Amendment

     Now, Therefore, for and in consideration of the mutual promises and
covenants set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and
Investor hereby agree as follows:

     1. Section 1.1 of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "one hundred
eighty (180)" with "two hundred twenty five (225) (or in the event the November
Bridge Funding (as defined herein) is not provided, one hundred ninety five
(195))."

     2. Section 1.2 of the Agreement is hereby amended by inserting ", including
without limitation, the Loan Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible,
Secured Promissory Note dated October 22, 2004 attached hereto as Exhibit A-6,
the October 22 Bridge Warrant (as defined herein) in the form attached hereto as
Exhibit K-1 and, if issued, the Note evidencing the November Bridge Funding (as
defined herein) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-7 and the November
Bridge Warrant (as defined herein) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-2"
immediately following the phrase "such other documents and agreements" in
subsection (g) thereof.

                                        1

<PAGE>

     3. Section 2.1 of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new
subsection (k) immediately following Section 2.1(j) as follows:

[***]*

     4. Action 2.2(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "A-5" with
"A-6 (and if issued, A-7)."

     5. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the
following text immediately following the third sentence thereof:

     "On October 22, 2004 (the "Amendment Date"), Investor is providing an
     additional $500,000 of Bridge Funding (the "October 22 Bridge Funding") to
     cover general operating expenses and certain other expenses of the Company
     agreed in advance by Investor during the remaining Bridge Period following
     the period covered by the Subsequent Bridge Funding. The October 22 Bridge
     Funding shall be evidenced by a Note in the form attached hereto as Exhibit
     A-6 and shall be provided on the terms and conditions set forth herein. The
     October 22 Bridge Funding shall be used only for the purposes and in the
     amounts set forth in the budget included in the Schedule of Exceptions in
     connection with the October 22 Bridge Funding. Subject to the satisfaction,
     or waiver by Investor, of the conditions set forth in Section 2.4(t) and
     Section 2.4(u) (as well as all other closing conditions contained herein),
     on or before November 5, 2004 Investor shall provide an additional $500,000
     of Bridge Funding (the "November Bridge Funding") to cover general
     operating expenses and certain other expenses of the Company agreed in
     advance by Investor during the remaining Bridge Period following the period
     covered by the Subsequent Bridge Funding. If provided, the November Bridge
     Funding shall be evidenced by a Note in the form attached hereto as Exhibit
     A-7 and shall be provided on the terms and conditions set forth herein. If
     provided, the November Bridge Funding shall be used only for the purposes
     and in the amounts set forth in the budget included in the Schedule of
     Exceptions in connection with the November Bridge Funding."

     6. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby further amended by replacing
the phrase "Subsequent Bridge Note funds" with "Subsequent Bridge Funding,
October 22 Bridge Funding or, if provided, November Bridge Funding" in the
fourth sentence thereof (i.e., the tenth sentence thereof after giving effect to
the inclusion of the six new sentences therein per Section 5 of this Amendment).

     7. Section 2.5(i) of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
entirety as follows:

----------
*    Confidential Treatment Requested

                                        2

<PAGE>

          "(i) not deviate, during the period covered by such budgets, more than
          $10,000 in aggregate from the budget included in the Schedule of
          Exceptions in connection with the Subsequent Bridge Funding or the
          budget included in the Schedule of Exceptions in connection with the
          October 22 Bridge Funding or the November Bridge Funding, nor take any
          action or make any promise, undertaking or commitment that would
          result in the Company incurring or accumulating payables and/or other
          financial obligations of any kind, whether current or deferred, direct
          or indirect, for purposes other than as set forth in budgets expressly
          agreed to by Investor, and/or in any amounts in excess of the amounts
          set forth in such agreed budgets, which equal or exceed $10,000 in
          aggregate, and which have not been approved in writing in advance by
          Investor."

     8. Section 2.6(a) and Section 2.6(b) of the Agreement are hereby each
amended by replacing "one hundred eighty (180)" with "two hundred twenty five
(225)."

     9. Section 2.4 of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding new subsections
2.4(t) and 2.4(u) immediately following Section 2.4(s) thereof, as follows:

          "(t) with respect to the October 22 Bridge Funding and the November
          Bridge Funding only, the Company and Investor shall have agreed to a
          mutually acceptable budget for the period from the Amendment Date
          through December 7, 2004.

          (u) with respect to the October 22 Bridge Funding and the November
          Bridge Funding only, the Company to have reported to Investor the
          Company's cash position and all expenditures and agreements
          commitments or undertakings for expenditures as of the Amendment Date
          and as of the date of such closing."

     10. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Sections 2.11 and 2.12,
immediately following Section 2.10 thereof, as follows:

          "2.11 October 22 Bridge Warrant:

               (a) Issuance of October 22 Bridge Warrant. On the Amendment Date,
          Investor shall receive a warrant with coverage equal to one hundred
          percent (100%) of the principal amount due under the Note evidencing
          the October 22 Bridge Funding (the "October 22 Bridge Warrant"). The
          Company shall, therefore, issue $500,000 in warrant coverage on the
          $500,000 of October 22 Bridge Funding provided on the Amendment Date.
          The number of shares subject to the October 22 Bridge Warrant to be so
          issued shall be determined on the basis of $0.10 per share (subject to
          adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like). The total
          number of shares for which Investor shall initially be able to
          exercise the October 22 Bridge Warrant shall therefore be 5,000,000
          shares as of the Amendment Date.

                                        3

<PAGE>

               (b) Exercise of October 22 Bridge Warrant. The October 22 Bridge
          Warrant shall be immediately exercisable upon issuance and continue to
          be exercisable for a period of seven (7) years after its issuance
          date. The exercise price of the October 22 Bridge Warrant shall be the
          lesser of $0.10 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits,
          stock dividends and the like, as provided more fully in the October 22
          Bridge Warrant) and a 35% discount to the average closing price during
          the twenty trading days prior to the first closing of the sale of
          Convertible Preferred Stock; provided, however that in no event will
          the exercise price be less than $0.04 per share (subject to adjustment
          for stock splits, stock dividends and the like, as provided more fully
          in the October 22 Bridge Warrant). In the event the Convertible
          Preferred Stock is approved and authorized, and the terms and
          conditions are the same as set forth herein and in the Convertible
          Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and Other Investors have purchased in cash
          (and not by conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or options, or
          conversion or exercise of other securities or instruments) a minimum
          of $15 million of such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms and
          conditions set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock
          Term Sheet, then the October 22 Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable
          solely for such Convertible Preferred Stock (subject to Section 5
          thereof). However, if, for any reason, such Convertible Preferred
          Stock is not approved or authorized, and/or is approved or authorized
          on any terms different than any terms set forth herein and in the
          Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and/or if Other Investors have
          not purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt, exercise of
          warrants or options, or conversion or exercise of other securities or
          instruments) a minimum of $15 million of such Convertible Preferred
          Stock, on the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the
          Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, the October 22 Bridge Warrant
          shall be exercisable for any Equity Security and/or Debt Security
          (each as defined in Section 2.7 hereof) and/or any combination
          thereof, in each case that Investor shall designate in Investor's sole
          discretion (the securities so elected being the "Investor Designated
          Securities").

               (c) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its
          Charter or through a reorganization, transfer of assets,
          consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or
          any other voluntary action, omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to
          avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms to be observed
          or performed by the Company under and/or in connection with the
          October 22 Bridge Warrant, but shall at all times in good faith use
          best efforts to assist in carrying out of all the provisions of and/or
          relating to such October 22 Bridge Warrant and in taking all such
          action as may be necessary or appropriate to protect Investor's
          rights, preferences and privileges under and/or in connection with the
          October 22 Bridge Warrant against impairment. Investor's rights,
          preferences and privileges granted under and/or in connection with the
          October 22 Bridge Warrant may not be amended, modified or waived
          without Investor's prior written consent, and the documentation
          providing for such rights, preferences and privileges will
          specifically provide as such.

                                        4

<PAGE>

               (d) Tax Treatment of October 22 Bridge Warrant and Note. The
          Company and Investor, as a result of arm's length bargaining, agree
          that the fair market value of the Note to be issued in connection with
          the October 22 Bridge Funding, if issued apart from the October 22
          Bridge Warrant, is $495,000, and the fair market value of the October
          22 Bridge Warrant, if issued apart from such Note, is $5,000. The
          Company and Investor further agree that all tax filings and records
          relating to or including this Agreement, the Note to be issued in
          connection with the October 22 Bridge Funding and/or the October 22
          Bridge Warrant shall be prepared on the basis of, and consistently
          reflect, the agreed fair market values set forth in this Section
          2.11(d), and the Company shall instruct its accountants and other
          tax-preparation professionals to prepare all tax filings and returns
          on the basis of the foregoing.

          2.12 November Bridge Warrant:

               (a) Issuance of November Bridge Warrant. Within fourteen (14)
          calendar days of the Amendment Date, Investor shall receive a warrant
          with coverage equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the principal
          amount due under the Note evidencing the November Bridge Funding (the
          "November Bridge Warrant"). Therefore, if the November Bridge Funding
          is provided, the Company shall issue $500,000 in warrant coverage on
          the $500,000 of November Bridge Funding provided. The number of shares
          subject to the November Bridge Warrant to be so issued shall be
          determined on the basis of $0.10 per share (subject to adjustment for
          stock splits, stock dividends and the like). The total number of
          shares for which Investor shall initially be able to exercise the
          November Bridge Warrant, if issued, shall therefore be 5,000,000
          shares as of issuance.

               (b) Exercise of November Bridge Warrant. The November Bridge
          Warrant, if issued, shall be immediately exercisable upon issuance and
          continue to be exercisable for a period of seven (7) years after its
          issuance date. The exercise price of the November Bridge Warrant, if
          issued, shall be the lesser of $0.10 per share (subject to adjustment
          for stock splits, stock dividends and the like, as provided more fully
          in the November Bridge Warrant) and a 35% discount to the average
          closing price during the twenty trading days prior to the first
          closing of the sale of Convertible Preferred Stock; provided, however
          that in no event will the exercise price be less than $0.04 per share
          (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like,
          as provided more fully in the November Bridge Warrant). In the event
          the Convertible Preferred Stock is approved and authorized, and the
          terms and conditions are the same as set forth herein and in the
          Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and Other Investors have
          purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt, exercise of warrants
          or options, or conversion or exercise of other securities or
          instruments) a minimum of $15 million of such Convertible Preferred
          Stock, on the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the
          Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, then the November Bridge
          Warrant, if issued, shall be exercisable solely for such Convertible
          Preferred Stock (subject to Section 5 thereof). However, if, for any
          reason, such Convertible Preferred Stock is not approved or
          authorized, and/or is approved or authorized on any terms different
          than any terms set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock
          Term Sheet, and/or if Other Investors have not purchased in cash (and
          not by conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or options, or
          conversion or exercise of other securities or instruments) a minimum
          of $15 million of such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms and
          conditions set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock
          Term Sheet, the November Bridge Warrant, if issued, shall be
          exercisable for any Equity Security and/or Debt Security (each as
          defined in Section 2.7 hereof) and/or any combination thereof, in each
          case that Investor shall designate in Investor's sole discretion (the
          securities so elected being the "Investor Designated Securities").

                                        5

<PAGE>

               (c) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its
          Charter or through a reorganization, transfer of assets,
          consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or
          any other voluntary action, omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to
          avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms to be observed
          or performed by the Company under and/or in connection with the
          November Bridge Warrant, if issued, but shall at all times in good
          faith use best efforts to assist in carrying out of all the provisions
          of and/or relating to such November Bridge Warrant, if issued, and in
          taking all such action as may be necessary or appropriate to protect
          Investor's rights, preferences and privileges under and/or in
          connection with the November Bridge Warrant, if issued, against
          impairment. Investor's rights, preferences and privileges granted
          under and/or in connection with the November Bridge Warrant, if
          issued, may not be amended, modified or waived without Investor's
          prior written consent, and the documentation providing for such
          rights, preferences and privileges will specifically provide as such.

               (d) Tax Treatment of November Bridge Warrant and Note. The
          Company and Investor, as a result of arm's length bargaining, agree
          that, if the November Bridge Funding is provided, the fair market
          value of the Note to be issued in connection with the November Bridge
          Funding, if issued apart from the November Bridge Warrant, is
          $495,000, and the fair market value of the October 22 Bridge Warrant,
          if issued apart from such Note, is $5,000. The Company and Investor
          further agree that, if the November Bridge Funding is provided, all
          tax filings and records relating to or including this Agreement, the
          Note to be issued in connection with the November Bridge Funding
          and/or the November Bridge Warrant shall be prepared on the basis of,
          and consistently reflect, the agreed fair market values set forth in
          this Section 2.12(d), and the Company shall instruct its accountants
          and other tax-preparation professionals to prepare all tax filings and
          returns on the basis of the foregoing."

                                        6

<PAGE>

     11. Section 3.4(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by:

          a. replacing "$8 million" with "$7 million (or, in the event that the
November Bridge Funding is not provided, $7,500,000)" in the first sentence
thereof; and

          b. replacing "80,000,000" with "70,000,000 (or, in the event that the
November Bridge Funding is not provided, 75,000,000)" in the third sentence
thereof.

     12. Section 4.6(g) of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
entirety as follows:

          "(g) The Company shall not deviate, during the period covered by such
          budgets, more than $10,000 in aggregate from the budget included in
          the Schedule of Exceptions in connection with the Subsequent Bridge
          Funding, the budget included in the Schedule of Exceptions in
          connection with the October 22 Bridge Funding, or the Schedule of
          Exceptions in connection with the November Bridge Funding, if issued,
          nor take any action or make any promise, undertaking or commitment
          that would result in the Company incurring or accumulating payables
          and/or other financial obligations of any kind, whether current or
          deferred, direct or indirect, for purposes other than as set forth in
          budgets expressly agreed to by Investor, and/or in any amounts in
          excess of the amounts set forth in such agreed budgets, which equal or
          exceed $10,000 in aggregate, and which have not been approved in
          writing in advance by Investor;"

     13. Section 4.7.15 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
entirety as follows:

          "4.7.15 Liabilities. Other than (i) tax liabilities to the State of
     Washington in the maximum amount of $492,000, (ii) amounts payable to
     Cognate Therapeutics and (iii) future lease payments to Benaroya Capital
     Co. LLC for the Company's premises lease not yet due, the Company's
     aggregate accrued, contingent and/or other liabilities of any nature,
     either mature or immature, as of the Amendment Date, do not exceed
     $400,000, of which (X) $276,000 are currently due payables (including
     $204,966 for attorney and auditor fees), (Y) $65,000 are the aggregate
     balances of capital leases payable in monthly installments in the amounts
     set forth in the budget included in the Schedule of Exceptions through the
     first calendar quarter of 2006, decreasing thereafter, the last of which is
     fully amortized in May 2007, and (Z) $59,000 are accrued vacation and sick
     pay."

                                        7

<PAGE>

     14. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibits A-6 and A-7,
immediately following Exhibit A-5 thereto, in the forms attached as Exhibits A-6
and A-7 hereto.

     15. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibits K-1 and K-2,
immediately following Exhibit J thereto, in the forms attached as Exhibits K-1
and K-2 hereto.

     16. The October 22 Bridge Warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit
K-1 (and, if issued, the November Bridge Warrant attached hereto as Exhibit K-2)
shall be deemed to be a "Bridge Warrant" and a "Warrant" for all purposes under
the Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. The Note evidencing the
October 22 Bridge Funding in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-6 issued on
the Amendment Date (and, if issued, the Note evidencing the November Bridge
Funding in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-7) shall be deemed to be a
"Note" for all purposes under the Agreement and any Related Recapitalization
Document. Each of the October 22 Bridge Warrant and the Note evidencing the
October 22 Bridge Funding (and, if issued, the November Bridge Warrant and the
Note evidencing the November Bridge Funding) shall be deemed to be "Related
Recapitalization Documents" for all purposes under the Agreement and all other
Related Recapitalization Documents.

     17. The Agreement is hereby amended by replacing Exhibit B thereto (the
"Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet") with the Amended and Restated
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B,
which shall be deemed the "Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet" for all
purposes under this Agreement and all other Related Recapitalization Documents.

     18. Except as amended and/or restated hereby, all other terms and
conditions of the Agreement shall be unaffected hereby and remain in full force
and effect.

     19. This Amendment (including the Exhibits hereto, which are an integral
part of the Amendment), together with the Agreement (including the Schedules and
Exhibits thereto, which are an integral part of the Agreement) and the Related
Recapitalization Documents, constitute the entire agreement among the parties
hereto and thereto with regard to the subjects hereof and thereof and supersede
all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof
and thereof.

     20. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the
State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

     21. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of
which will be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one
and the same agreement.

     22. This Amendment shall take effect immediately upon execution by the
Company and Investor.

                                        8

<PAGE>

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                                        9
<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this AMENDMENT NO. 1
TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT as of the AMENDMENT DATE
above written.

                                        Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc.

                                        By: /s/ Alton Boynton
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Alton L. Boynton
                                        Title: President

                                        Toucan Capital Fund II, LP

                                        By: /s/ Linda Powers
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Linda F. Powers
                                        Title: Managing Director

                                       10

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT A-6

Form of $500,000 Loan Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible, Secured
Promissory Note Dated October 22, 2004

                                       11

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT A-7

Form of $500,000 Loan Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible, Secured
Promissory Note to Evidence November Bridge Funding (If Provided)

                                    EXHIBIT B

                     AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET
                           CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
                         Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc.
                                October 22, 2004

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT K-1

                        FORM OF OCTOBER 22 BRIDGE WARRANT

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT K-2

                         FORM OF NOVEMBER BRIDGE WARRANT

<PAGE>

       AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

     THIS AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT
(this "AMENDMENT") is made and entered into as of November 10, 2004 by and
between NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., and its affiliates, if any
(collectively, the "COMPANY"), a Delaware corporation with offices at 22322 20th
Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P.,
and its designees (collectively, "INVESTOR"), a Delaware limited partnership
with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814. All capitalized terms
used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the meaning given such terms in
the Agreement (as defined below).

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor have entered into that certain Amended
and Restated Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2004 (the
"AGREEMENT");

     WHEREAS, on October 22, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor desire to further amend the Agreement to
make such changes to the Agreement as are set forth herein; and

     WHEREAS, Section 4.13(f) of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may
be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by the Company and
Investor.

                                    AMENDMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual promises and
covenants set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and
Investor hereby agree as follows:

1.   Section 1.1 of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "two hundred
     twenty five (225)" with "two hundred thirty-five (235)" and by replacing
     "one hundred ninety five (195)" with "two hundred (200)."

2.   Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "November 5,
     2004" with "November 12, 2004."

3.   Section 2.6(a) and Section 2.6(b) of the Agreement are hereby each amended
     by replacing "two hundred twenty five (225)" with "two hundred thirty-five
     (235) (or in the event the November Bridge Funding is not provided, two
     hundred (200))."

4.   Section 2.12(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "Within
     fourteen (14) calendar days of the Amendment Date" with "If Investor
     provides the November Bridge Funding."

                                        1

<PAGE>

5.   Section 2.12(d) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "October 22
     Bridge Warrant" with "November Bridge Warrant."

6.   Except as amended and/or restated hereby, all other terms and conditions of
     the Agreement shall be unaffected hereby and remain in full force and
     effect.

7.   This Amendment (including the Exhibits hereto, which are an integral part
     of the Amendment), together with the Agreement, as amended (including the
     Schedules and Exhibits thereto, which are an integral part of the
     Agreement) and the Related Recapitalization Documents, constitute the
     entire agreement among the parties hereto and thereto with regard to the
     subjects hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and
     understandings relating to the subject matter hereof and thereof.

8.   This Amendment shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the
     State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

9.   This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which
     will be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one
     and the same agreement.

10.  This Amendment shall take effect immediately upon execution by the Company
     and Investor.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                        2

<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this AMENDMENT NO. 2
TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT as of the date above written.

                                        NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                        By: /s/ Alton Boynton
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Alton L. Boynton
                                        Title: President

                                        TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP

                                        By: /s/ Linda Powers
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Linda F. Powers
                                        Title: Managing Director

                                        3

<PAGE>

       AMENDMENT NO. 3 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

     THIS AMENDMENT NO. 3 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT
(this "AMENDMENT") is made and entered into as of December 27, 2004 (the "THIRD
AMENDMENT DATE") by and between NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., and its
affiliates, if any (collectively, the "COMPANY"), a Delaware corporation with
offices at 22322 20th Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., and its designees (collectively, "INVESTOR"), a Delaware
limited partnership with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814.
All capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the
meaning given such terms in the Agreement (as defined below).

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor have entered into that certain Amended
and Restated Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2004 (the
"AGREEMENT");

     WHEREAS, on October 22, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on November 10, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor desire to further amend the Agreement to
make such changes to the Agreement as are set forth herein; and

     WHEREAS, Section 4.13(f) of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may
be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by the Company and
Investor.

                                    AMENDMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual promises and
covenants set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and
Investor hereby agree as follows:

1. Section 1.1 of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "two hundred
thirty-five (235) (or in the event the November Bridge Funding (as defined
herein) is not provided, two hundred (200))" with "two hundred fifty seven
(257)."

2. Section 1.2 of the Agreement is hereby amended by inserting "and the Loan
Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible, Secured Promissory Note dated
December 27, 2004 attached hereto as Exhibit A-8, and the December 27 Bridge
Warrant (as defined herein) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-3"
immediately following the phrase "in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-2" in
subsection (g) thereof.

                                        1

<PAGE>

3. Section 2.1(k) of the Agreement is hereby deleted from the Agreement in its
entirety and shall no longer be a covenant to which the Company is subject.

4. Section 2.2(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "A-6 (and if
issued, A-7)" with "A-8."

5. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following
text immediately following the ninth sentence thereof:

     "On December 27, 2004 (the "THIRD AMENDMENT DATE"), Investor is providing
     an additional $250,000 of Bridge Funding (the "DECEMBER 27 BRIDGE FUNDING")
     to cover general operating expenses and certain other expenses of the
     Company agreed in advance by Investor during the remaining Bridge Period
     following the period covered by the November Bridge Funding. The December
     27 Bridge Funding shall be evidenced by a Note in the form attached hereto
     as Exhibit A-8 and shall be provided on the terms and conditions set forth
     herein. The December 27 Bridge Funding shall be used only for the purposes
     and in the amounts agreed to in writing by Investor and the Company."

6. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby further amended by replacing the
phrase "or if provided, November Bridge Funding" with "November Bridge Funding
or December 27 Bridge Funding" in the tenth sentence thereof (i.e., the
thirteenth sentence thereof after giving effect to the inclusion of the three
new sentences therein per Section 4 of this Amendment).

7. Section 2.6(a) and Section 2.6(b) of the Agreement are hereby each amended by
replacing "two hundred thirty-five (235) (or in the event the November Bridge
Funding (as defined herein) is not provided, two hundred (200))" with "two
hundred fifty-seven (257)."

8. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new Section 2.13, immediately
following Section 2.12 thereof, as follows:

     "2.13 December 27 Bridge Warrant:

          (a) Issuance of December 27 Bridge Warrant. On the Third Amendment
     Date, Investor shall receive a warrant with coverage equal to one hundred
     percent (100%) of the principal amount due under the Note evidencing the
     December 27 Bridge Funding (the "DECEMBER 27 BRIDGE WARRANT"). The Company
     shall, therefore, issue $250,000 in warrant coverage on the $250,000 of
     December 27 Bridge Funding provided on the Third Amendment Date. The number
     of shares subject to the December 27 Bridge Warrant to be so issued shall
     be determined on the basis of $0.10 per share (subject to adjustment for
     stock splits, stock dividends and the like). The total number of shares for
     which Investor shall initially be able to exercise the December 27 Bridge
     Warrant shall therefore be 2,500,000 shares as of the Third Amendment Date.

          (b) Exercise of December 27 Bridge Warrant. The December 27 Bridge
     Warrant shall be immediately exercisable upon issuance and continue to be
     exercisable for a period of seven (7) years after its issuance date. The
     exercise price of the

                                        2

<PAGE>

     December 27 Bridge Warrant shall be the lesser of $0.10 per share (subject
     to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like, as provided
     more fully in the December 27 Bridge Warrant) and a 35% discount to the
     average closing price during the twenty trading days prior to the first
     closing of the sale of Convertible Preferred Stock; provided, however that
     in no event will the exercise price be less than $0.04 per share (subject
     to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like, as provided
     more fully in the December 27 Bridge Warrant). In the event the Convertible
     Preferred Stock is approved and authorized, and the terms and conditions
     are the same as set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock
     Term Sheet, and Other Investors have purchased in cash (and not by
     conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or options, or conversion or
     exercise of other securities or instruments) a minimum of $15 million of
     such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms and conditions set forth
     herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, then the December
     27 Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable solely for such Convertible
     Preferred Stock (subject to Section 5 thereof). However, if, for any
     reason, such Convertible Preferred Stock is not approved or authorized,
     and/or is approved or authorized on any terms different than any terms set
     forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and/or if
     Other Investors have not purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt,
     exercise of warrants or options, or conversion or exercise of other
     securities or instruments) a minimum of $15 million of such Convertible
     Preferred Stock, on the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the
     Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, the December 27 Bridge Warrant
     shall be exercisable for any Equity Security and/or Debt Security (each as
     defined in Section 2.7 hereof) and/or any combination thereof, in each case
     that Investor shall designate in Investor's sole discretion (the securities
     so elected being the "INVESTOR DESIGNATED SECURITIES").

          (c) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its Charter
     or through a reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger,
     dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action,
     omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or
     performance of any of the terms to be observed or performed by the Company
     under and/or in connection with the December 27 Bridge Warrant, but shall
     at all times in good faith use best efforts to assist in carrying out of
     all the provisions of and/or relating to such December 27 Bridge Warrant
     and in taking all such action as may be necessary or appropriate to protect
     Investor's rights, preferences and privileges under and/or in connection
     with the December 27 Bridge Warrant against impairment. Investor's rights,
     preferences and privileges granted under and/or in connection with the
     December 27 Bridge Warrant may not be amended, modified or waived without
     Investor's prior written consent, and the documentation providing for such
     rights, preferences and privileges will specifically provide as such.

          (d) Tax Treatment of December 27 Bridge Warrant and Note. The Company
     and Investor, as a result of arm's length bargaining, agree that the fair
     market value of the Note to be issued in connection with the December 27
     Bridge Funding, if issued apart from the December 27 Bridge Warrant, is
     $247,500, and the fair market value of the December 27 Bridge Warrant, if
     issued apart from such Note, is $2,500. The Company and Investor further
     agree that all tax filings and records relating to or including this
     Agreement, the Note to be issued in connection with the December 27

                                        3

<PAGE>

     Bridge Funding and/or the December 27 Bridge Warrant shall be prepared on
     the basis of, and consistently reflect, the agreed fair market values set
     forth in this Section 2.13(d), and the Company shall instruct its
     accountants and other tax-preparation professionals to prepare all tax
     filings and returns on the basis of the foregoing."

9. Section 3.4(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by:

     (a) replacing "$7 million (or, in the event that the November Bridge
Funding is not provided, $7,500,000)" with "$6.75 million" in the first sentence
thereof; and

     (b) replacing " "70,000,000 (or, in the event that the November Bridge
Funding is not provided, 75,000,000)" with "67,500,000" in the third sentence
thereof.

10. Section 4.7.15 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
entirety as follows:

          "4.7.15 Liabilities. The Company has the following accrued
     liabilities: (i) tax liabilities to the State of Washington in the maximum
     amount of $486,000, (ii) amounts payable to Cognate Therapeutics and (iii)
     future sublease payments to MediQuest Corporation for the Company's
     premises sublease not yet due, and a contingent lease liability to Benaroya
     Capital Co. LLC for premises currently occupied by MediQuest Corporation
     should Mediquest Corporation default on its lease with Benaroya Capital Co.
     LLC and which is not yet due, (iv) the Company's aggregate accrued,
     contingent and/or other liabilities of any nature, either mature or
     immature, as of the Third Amendment Date, do not exceed $427,690 (excluding
     amounts payable to Cognate), of which (x) $307,690 are currently due
     payables (including $283,747 for attorney and auditor fees), (y) $56,000
     are the aggregate balances of capital leases payable in monthly
     installments in the amounts set forth in the budget included in the
     Schedule of Exceptions through the first calendar quarter of 2006,
     decreasing thereafter, the last of which is fully amortized in May 2007,
     and (z) $64,000 are accrued vacation and sick pay."

11. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit A-8, immediately
following Exhibit A-7 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit A-8 hereto.

12. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit K-3, immediately
following Exhibit K-2 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit K-3 hereto.

13. The December 27 Bridge Warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-3
shall be deemed to be a "BRIDGE WARRANT" and a "WARRANT" for all purposes under
the Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. The Note evidencing the
December 27 Bridge Funding in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-8 issued on
the Third Amendment Date shall be deemed to be a "NOTE" for all purposes under
the Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. Each of the December 27
Bridge Warrant and the Note evidencing the December 27 Bridge Funding shall be
deemed to be "RELATED RECAPITALIZATION DOCUMENTS" for all purposes under the
Agreement and all other Related Recapitalization Documents.

                                        4

<PAGE>

14. Exhibit B to the Agreement is hereby amended by Exhibit B-1 hereto (the
"AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET").
Exhibit B, as so amended by the Amendment to the Amended and Restated
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, shall be deemed to constitute the
"CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET" for all purposes under this Agreement
and all other Related Recapitalization Documents.

15. Except as amended and/or restated hereby, all other terms and conditions of
the Agreement shall be unaffected hereby and remain in full force and effect.

16. This Amendment (including the Exhibits hereto, which are an integral part of
the Amendment), together with the Agreement (including the Schedules and
Exhibits thereto, which are an integral part of the Agreement) and the Related
Recapitalization Documents, constitute the entire agreement among the parties
hereto and thereto with regard to the subjects hereof and thereof and supersede
all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof
and thereof.

17. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the
State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

18. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which
will be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and
the same agreement.

19. This Amendment shall take effect immediately upon execution by the Company
and Investor.

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                                        5

<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this AMENDMENT NO. 3
TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT as of the Third Amendment
Date above written.

                                        NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                        By: /s/ Alton Boynton
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Alton L. Boynton
                                        Title: President

                                        TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP

                                        By: /s/ Linda Powers
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Linda F. Powers
                                        Title: Managing Director

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT A-8

    FORM OF $250,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE,
                 SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE DATED DECEMBER 27, 2004

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT B-1

      FORM OF AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
                                   TERM SHEET

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT K-3

                       FORM OF DECEMBER 27 BRIDGE WARRANT

<PAGE>

       AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

     THIS AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT
(this "AMENDMENT") is made and entered into as of January 26, 2005 (the "FOURTH
AMENDMENT DATE") by and between NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., and its
affiliates, if any (collectively, the "COMPANY"), a Delaware corporation with
offices at 22322 20th Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., and its designees (collectively, "INVESTOR"), a Delaware
limited partnership with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814.
All capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the
meaning given such terms in the Agreement (as defined below).

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor have entered into that certain Amended
and Restated Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2004 (the
"AGREEMENT");

     WHEREAS, on October 22, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on November 10, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on December 27, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor desire to further amend the Agreement to
make such changes to the Agreement as are set forth herein; and

     WHEREAS, Section 4.13(f) of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may
be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by the Company and
Investor.

                                    AMENDMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual promises and
covenants set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and
Investor hereby agree as follows:

1. Section 2.2(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the phrase " and,
to the extent that Investor determines in its sole discretion to do so, during
the Equity Financing Period" immediately following "Bridge Period" in the first
sentence thereof.

2. Section 2.3 (c) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the phrase
"(including any Bridge Funding provided by Investor during the Equity Financing
Period)" immediately following "Subsequent Bridge Funding, if any" in the first
sentence thereof.

                                        1

<PAGE>

3. Section 3.3 of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new subsection
3.3(c) immediately following Section 3.3(b) thereof, as follows:

     "(c) Board of Directors Composition: On the Fourth Amendment Date, the
     authorized number of directors shall be one (1). The authorized number of
     directors may not be increased or decreased without the consent of the
     holders of a majority of the shares of Convertible Preferred Stock. The
     holders of a majority of the shares of Convertible Preferred Stock, acting
     in their sole discretion, may require the Company to increase the total
     number of authorized directors at any time following the Fourth Amendment
     Date, up to a maximum of seven (7) directors. Subject to the limitation in
     the following sentence, any newly created directorships shall be designated
     by the holders of a majority of the shares of Convertible Preferred Stock,
     acting in their sole discretion, to be filled by either: (i) an outside
     director with significant industry experience, who is reasonably acceptable
     to the holders of a majority of the Convertible Preferred Stock, to be
     elected by the holders of the Company's Common Stock (which may, subject to
     applicable law, the Charter or the Bylaws, be filled initially by vote of
     the remaining director(s)) (a "COMMON DIRECTORSHIP"); or (ii) a director to
     be designated by the holders of a majority of the Convertible Preferred
     Stock (a "PREFERRED DIRECTORSHIP"). Notwithstanding the foregoing, no more
     than four (4) directorships shall be designated as Preferred Directorships,
     no more than two (2) directorships shall be designated as Common
     Directorships, and one (1) director shall be the chief executive officer of
     the Company."

4. Section 4.7.15 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
entirety as follows:

          "4.7.15 Liabilities. The Company has the following accrued
     liabilities: (i) tax liabilities to the State of Washington in the maximum
     amount of $486,000, (ii) amounts payable to Cognate Therapeutics and (iii)
     future sublease payments to MediQuest Corporation for the Company's
     premises sublease not yet due, and a contingent lease liability to Benaroya
     Capital Co. LLC for premises currently occupied by MediQuest Corporation
     should Mediquest Corporation default on its lease with Benaroya Capital Co.
     LLC and which is not yet due, (iv) the Company's aggregate accrued,
     contingent and/or other liabilities of any nature, either mature or
     immature, as of the Fourth Amendment Date, do not exceed $370,378
     (excluding amounts payable to Cognate), of which (x) $243,778 are currently
     due payables (including $209,023 for attorney and auditor fees), (y)
     $52,000 are the aggregate balances of capital leases payable in monthly
     installments in the amounts set forth in the budget included in the
     Schedule of Exceptions through the first calendar quarter of 2006,
     decreasing thereafter, the last of which is fully amortized in May 2007,
     and (z) $67,000 are accrued vacation and sick pay."

5. Exhibit B to the Agreement, as amended on December 27, 2004, is hereby
further amended by Exhibit B-2 hereto (the "SECOND AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND
RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET"). Exhibit B, as so amended,
shall be deemed to constitute the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET" for
all purposes under the Agreement and all other Related Recapitalization
Documents.

                                        2

<PAGE>

6. Exhibit D to the Agreement is hereby amended and restated by Exhibit D
hereto. Exhibit D, as so amended and restated, shall be deemed to constitute the
"PREFERRED STOCK WARRANT" for all purposes under the Agreement and all other
Related Recapitalization Documents.

7. Except as amended and/or restated hereby, all other terms and conditions of
the Agreement shall be unaffected hereby and remain in full force and effect.

8. This Amendment (including the Exhibits hereto, which are an integral part of
the Amendment), together with the Agreement (including the Schedules and
Exhibits thereto, which are an integral part of the Agreement) and the Related
Recapitalization Documents, constitute the entire agreement among the parties
hereto and thereto with regard to the subjects hereof and thereof and supersede
all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof
and thereof.

9. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the State
of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

10. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which
will be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and
the same agreement.

11. This Amendment shall take effect immediately upon execution by the Company
and Investor.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                        3
<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this AMENDMENT NO. 4
TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT as of the Fourth Amendment
Date above written.

                                        NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                        By: /s/ Alton Boynton
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Alton L. Boynton
                                        Title: President

                                        TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP

                                        By: /s/ Linda Powers
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Linda F. Powers
                                        Title: Managing Director

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT B-2

     FORM OF SECOND AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
                                STOCK TERM SHEET

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT D

                         FORM OF PREFERRED STOCK WARRANT

<PAGE>

       AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

     THIS AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT
(this "AMENDMENT") is made and entered into as of April 12, 2005 (the "FIFTH
AMENDMENT DATE") by and between NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., and its
affiliates, if any (collectively, the "COMPANY"), a Delaware corporation with
offices at 22322 20th Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., and its designees (collectively, "INVESTOR"), a Delaware
limited partnership with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814.
All capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the
meaning given such terms in the Agreement (as defined below).

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor have entered into that certain Amended
and Restated Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2004 (the
"AGREEMENT");

     WHEREAS, on October 22, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on November 10, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on December 27, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on January 26, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 4 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor desire to further amend the Agreement to
make such changes to the Agreement as are set forth herein; and

     WHEREAS, Section 4.13(f) of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may
be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by the Company and
Investor.

                                    AMENDMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual promises and
covenants set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and
Investor hereby agree as follows:

1. Section 1.2 of the Agreement is hereby amended by inserting "and the Loan
Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible, Secured Promissory Note dated
April 12, 2005 attached hereto as Exhibit A-9, and the April 12 Bridge Warrant
(as defined herein) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-4" immediately
following the phrase "in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-3" in subsection
(g) thereof.

                                        1

<PAGE>

2. Section 2.2(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "A-8" with
"A-9."

3. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following
text immediately following the twelfth sentence thereof:

     "On April 12, 2005 (the "FIFTH AMENDMENT DATE"), Investor is providing an
     additional $450,000 of Bridge Funding (the "APRIL 12 BRIDGE FUNDING") to
     cover general operating expenses and certain other expenses of the Company
     agreed in advance by Investor during the period from March 25, 2005 through
     April 30, 2005. The April 12 Bridge Funding shall be evidenced by a Note in
     the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-9 and shall be provided on the terms
     and conditions set forth herein. The April 12 Bridge Funding shall be used
     only for the purposes and in the amounts agreed to in writing by Investor
     and the Company."

4. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby further amended by replacing the
phrase "or December 27 Bridge Funding" with "December 27 Bridge Funding or April
12 Bridge Funding" in the thirteenth sentence thereof (i.e., the sixteenth
sentence thereof after giving effect to the inclusion of the three new sentences
therein per Section 3 of this Amendment).

5. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new Section 2.14, immediately
following Section 2.13 thereof, as follows:

     "2.14 April 12 Bridge Warrant:

          (a) Issuance of April 12 Bridge Warrant. On the Fifth Amendment Date,
     Investor shall receive a warrant with coverage equal to one hundred percent
     (100%) of the principal amount due under the Note evidencing the April 12
     Bridge Funding (the "APRIL 12 BRIDGE WARRANT"). The Company shall,
     therefore, issue $450,000 in warrant coverage on the $450,000 of April 12
     Bridge Funding provided on the Fifth Amendment Date. The number of shares
     subject to the April 12 Bridge Warrant to be so issued shall be determined
     on the basis of $0.10 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits,
     stock dividends and the like). The total number of shares for which
     Investor shall initially be able to exercise the April 12 Bridge Warrant
     shall therefore be 4,500,000 shares as of the Fifth Amendment Date.

          (b) Exercise of April 12 Bridge Warrant. The April 12 Bridge Warrant
     shall be immediately exercisable upon issuance and continue to be
     exercisable for a period of seven (7) years after its issuance date. The
     exercise price of the April 12 Bridge Warrant shall be $0.04 (subject to
     adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like, as provided more
     fully in the April 12 Bridge Warrant). In the event the Convertible
     Preferred Stock is approved and authorized, and the terms and conditions
     are the same as set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock
     Term Sheet, and Other Investors have purchased in cash (and not by
     conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or options, or conversion or
     exercise of other securities or instruments) a minimum of $15 million of
     such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms and conditions set forth
     herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, then the April 12
     Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable solely for such Convertible Preferred
     Stock (subject to Section 5 thereof). However, if, for any reason, such
     Convertible

                                        2

<PAGE>

     Preferred Stock is not approved or authorized, and/or is approved or
     authorized on any terms different than any terms set forth herein and in
     the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and/or if Other Investors have
     not purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt, exercise of warrants
     or options, or conversion or exercise of other securities or instruments) a
     minimum of $15 million of such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms
     and conditions set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term
     Sheet, the April 12 Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable for any Equity
     Security and/or Debt Security (each as defined in Section 2.7 hereof)
     and/or any combination thereof, in each case that Investor shall designate
     in Investor's sole discretion (the securities so elected being the
     "INVESTOR DESIGNATED SECURITIES").

          (c) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its Charter
     or through a reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger,
     dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action,
     omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or
     performance of any of the terms to be observed or performed by the Company
     under and/or in connection with the April 12 Bridge Warrant, but shall at
     all times in good faith use best efforts to assist in carrying out of all
     the provisions of and/or relating to such April 12 Bridge Warrant and in
     taking all such action as may be necessary or appropriate to protect
     Investor's rights, preferences and privileges under and/or in connection
     with the April 12 Bridge Warrant against impairment. Investor's rights,
     preferences and privileges granted under and/or in connection with the
     April 12 Bridge Warrant may not be amended, modified or waived without
     Investor's prior written consent, and the documentation providing for such
     rights, preferences and privileges will specifically provide as such.

          (d) Tax Treatment of April 12 Bridge Warrant and Note. The Company and
     Investor, as a result of arm's length bargaining, agree that the fair
     market value of the Note to be issued in connection with the April 12
     Bridge Funding, if issued apart from the April 12 Bridge Warrant, is
     $445,500, and the fair market value of the April 12 Bridge Warrant, if
     issued apart from such Note, is $4,500. The Company and Investor further
     agree that all tax filings and records relating to or including this
     Agreement, the Note to be issued in connection with the April 12 Bridge
     Funding and/or the April 12 Bridge Warrant shall be prepared on the basis
     of, and consistently reflect, the agreed fair market values set forth in
     this Section 2.14(d), and the Company shall instruct its accountants and
     other tax-preparation professionals to prepare all tax filings and returns
     on the basis of the foregoing."

6. Section 3.4(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by:

     (a)  replacing "$6.75 million" with "$6.3 million" in the first sentence
          thereof; and

     (b)  replacing " "67,500,000" with "63,000,000" in the third sentence
          thereof.

7. Section 4.7.6 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety
as follows:

          "4.7.6. Capitalization. The authorized capital stock of the Company
     consists of 300,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
     and 100,000,000

                                        3

<PAGE>

     shares of Preferred Stock, par value of $0.001 per share. As of the date
     hereof, 19,028,779 shares of Common Stock and 32,500,000 shares of series A
     preferred stock are issued and outstanding. No other shares of any class or
     series of the Company's capital stock are authorized and/or issued and
     outstanding. All issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the
     Company have been duly authorized and validly issued, and are fully paid
     and non-assessable, and have been offered, sold and delivered by the
     Company in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities
     laws. Except as set forth in Schedule 4.7.6, no subscription, warrant,
     option, convertible security, or other right (direct or indirect,
     contingent or otherwise) to purchase or otherwise acquire any equity
     securities of the Company is authorized or outstanding, and there is no
     agreement, promise, commitment, undertaking or letter of intent of any kind
     (direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise) by the Company to issue any
     shares, subscriptions, warrants, options, convertible securities, or other
     such rights, or to distribute to holders of any of its equity securities
     any evidence of indebtedness or asset. Except as set forth in Schedule
     4.7.6, the Company has no obligation of any kind (direct or indirect,
     contingent or otherwise) to purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of
     its equity securities or any interest therein or to pay any dividend or
     make any other distribution in respect thereof. Schedule 4.7.6 includes a
     true, accurate and complete statement describing the total number of shares
     of the Company outstanding as of the date of this Agreement (on a fully
     diluted basis, including, without limitation, all warrants and options
     outstanding (whether or not currently exercisable), all convertible
     instruments of any kind (whether or not currently convertible), shares of
     all classes of stock, and any agreements, promises, commitments,
     undertakings or letters of intent to issue any of the foregoing."

8. Section 4.7.15 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
entirety as follows:

          "4.7.15 Liabilities. The Company has the following accrued
     liabilities: (i) tax liabilities to the State of Washington in the maximum
     amount of $494,000, (ii) amounts payable to Cognate Therapeutics and (iii)
     future sublease payments to MediQuest Corporation for the Company's
     premises sublease not yet due, and a contingent lease liability to Benaroya
     Capital Co. LLC for premises currently occupied by MediQuest Corporation
     should Mediquest Corporation default on its lease with Benaroya Capital Co.
     LLC and which is not yet due, (iv) the Company's aggregate accrued,
     contingent and/or other liabilities of any nature, either mature or
     immature, as of the Fifth Amendment Date, do not exceed $350,525 (excluding
     amounts payable to Cognate), of which (x) $231,356 are currently due
     payables (including $204,812 for attorney and auditor fees), (y) $43,505
     are the aggregate balances of capital leases payable in monthly
     installments in the amounts set forth in the budget included in the
     Schedule of Exceptions through the first calendar quarter of 2006,
     decreasing thereafter, the last of which is fully amortized in May 2007,
     and (z) $75,664 are accrued vacation and sick pay."

9. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit A-9, immediately
following Exhibit A-8 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit A-9 hereto.

10. Exhibit B to the Agreement, as amended on December 27, 2004 and January 26,
2005, is hereby further amended by Exhibit B-3 hereto (the "THIRD AMENDMENT TO
THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET"). Exhibit B, as
so amended, shall be deemed to constitute

                                        4

<PAGE>

the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET" for all purposes under the
Agreement and all other Related Recapitalization Documents.

11. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit K-4, immediately
following Exhibit K-3 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit K-4 hereto.

12. The April 12 Bridge Warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-4 shall
be deemed to be a "BRIDGE WARRANT" and a "WARRANT" for all purposes under the
Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. The Note evidencing the
April 12 Bridge Funding in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-9 issued on the
Fifth Amendment Date shall be deemed to be a "NOTE" for all purposes under the
Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. Each of the April 12 Bridge
Warrant and the Note evidencing the April 12 Bridge Funding shall be deemed to
be "RELATED RECAPITALIZATION DOCUMENTS" for all purposes under the Agreement and
all other Related Recapitalization Documents.

13. Except as amended and/or restated hereby, all other terms and conditions of
the Agreement shall be unaffected hereby and remain in full force and effect.

14. This Amendment (including the Exhibits hereto, which are an integral part of
the Amendment), together with the Agreement (including the Schedules and
Exhibits thereto, which are an integral part of the Agreement) and the Related
Recapitalization Documents, constitute the entire agreement among the parties
hereto and thereto with regard to the subjects hereof and thereof and supersede
all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof
and thereof.

15. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the
State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

16. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which
will be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and
the same agreement.

17. This Amendment shall take effect immediately upon execution by the Company
and Investor.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                        5

<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this AMENDMENT NO. 5
TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT as of the Fifth Amendment
Date above written.

                                        NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                        By: /s/ Alton L. Boynton
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Alton L. Boynton
                                        Title: President

                                        TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP

                                        By: /s/ Linda F. Powers
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Linda F. Powers
                                        Title: Managing Director

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT A-9

    FORM OF $450,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE,
                  SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE DATED APRIL 12, 2005

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT B-3

      FORM OF THIRD AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
                                STOCK TERM SHEET

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT K-4
                         FORM OF APRIL 12 BRIDGE WARRANT

<PAGE>

       AMENDMENT NO. 6 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

          THIS AMENDMENT NO. 6 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION
AGREEMENT (this "AMENDMENT") is made and entered into as of May 13, 2005 (the
"SIXTH AMENDMENT DATE") by and between NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., and its
affiliates, if any (collectively, the "COMPANY"), a Delaware corporation with
offices at 22322 20th Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., and its designees (collectively, "INVESTOR"), a Delaware
limited partnership with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814.
All capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the
meaning given such terms in the Agreement (as defined below).

                                    RECITALS

          WHEREAS, the Company and Investor have entered into that certain
Amended and Restated Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2004 (the
"AGREEMENT");

          WHEREAS, on October 22, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement;

          WHEREAS, on November 10, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement;

          WHEREAS, on December 27, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement;

          WHEREAS, on January 26, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 4 to the Agreement;

          WHEREAS, on April 12, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 5 to the Agreement;

          WHEREAS, the Company and Investor desire to further amend the
Agreement to make such changes to the Agreement as are set forth herein; and

          WHEREAS, Section 4.13(f) of the Agreement provides that the Agreement
may be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by the Company
and Investor.

                                    AMENDMENT

          NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual promises and
covenants set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and
Investor hereby agree as follows:

1. Section 1.2 of the Agreement is hereby amended by inserting "and the Loan
Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible, Secured Promissory Note dated
May 13, 2005 attached hereto as Exhibit A-10, and the May 13 Bridge Warrant (as
defined herein) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-5" immediately
following the phrase "in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-4" in subsection
(g) thereof.

2. Section 2.2(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "A-9" with
"A-10."

3. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following
text immediately following the fifteenth sentence thereof:

     "On May 13, 2005 (the "SIXTH AMENDMENT DATE"), Investor is providing an
     additional $450,000 of Bridge Funding (the "MAY 13 BRIDGE FUNDING") to
     cover general operating expenses and certain other expenses of the Company
     agreed in advance by Investor during the period from May 13, 2005 through
     June 30, 2005. The May 13 Bridge Funding shall be evidenced by a Note in
     the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-

<PAGE>

     10 and shall be provided on the terms and conditions set forth herein. The
     May 13 Bridge Funding shall be used only for the purposes and in the
     amounts agreed to in writing by Investor and the Company."

4. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby further amended by replacing the
phrase "December 27 Bridge Funding or April 12 Bridge Funding" with "December 27
Bridge Funding, April 12 Bridge Funding or May 13 Bridge Funding") in the
sixteenth sentence thereof (i.e., the nineteenth sentence thereof after giving
effect to the inclusion of the three new sentences therein per Section 3 of this
Amendment).

5. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new Section 2.15, immediately
following Section 2.14 thereof, as follows:

     "2.15 May 13 Bridge Warrant:

          (a) Issuance of May 13 Bridge Warrant. On the Sixth Amendment Date,
     Investor shall receive a warrant with coverage equal to one hundred percent
     (100%) of the principal amount due under the Note evidencing the May 13
     Bridge Funding (the "MAY 13 BRIDGE WARRANT"). The Company shall, therefore,
     issue $450,000 in warrant coverage on the $450,000 of May 13 Bridge Funding
     provided on the Sixth Amendment Date. The number of shares subject to the
     May 13 Bridge Warrant to be so issued shall be determined on the basis of
     $0.10 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends
     and the like). The total number of shares for which Investor shall
     initially be able to exercise the May 13 Bridge Warrant shall therefore be
     4,500,000 shares as of the Sixth Amendment Date.

          (b) Exercise of May 13 Bridge Warrant. The May 13 Bridge Warrant shall
     be immediately exercisable upon issuance and continue to be exercisable for
     a period of seven (7) years after its issuance date. The exercise price of
     the May 13 Bridge Warrant shall be $0.04 (subject to adjustment for stock
     splits, stock dividends and the like, as provided more fully in the May 13
     Bridge Warrant). In the event the Convertible Preferred Stock is approved
     and authorized, and the terms and conditions are the same as set forth
     herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and Other
     Investors have purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt, exercise
     of warrants or options, or conversion or exercise of other securities or
     instruments) a minimum of $15 million of such Convertible Preferred Stock,
     on the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the Convertible
     Preferred Stock Term Sheet, then the May 13 Bridge Warrant shall be
     exercisable solely for such Convertible Preferred Stock (subject to Section
     5 thereof). However, if, for any reason, such Convertible Preferred Stock
     is not approved or authorized, and/or is approved or authorized on any
     terms different than any terms set forth herein and in the Convertible
     Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and/or if Other Investors have not purchased in
     cash (and not by conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or options, or
     conversion or exercise of other securities or instruments) a minimum of $15
     million of such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms and conditions
     set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, the May
     13 Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable for any Equity Security and/or Debt
     Security (each as defined in Section 2.7 hereof) and/or any combination
     thereof, in each case that Investor shall designate in Investor's sole
     discretion (the securities so elected being the "INVESTOR DESIGNATED
     SECURITIES").

          (c) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its Charter
     or through a reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger,
     dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action,
     omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or
     performance of any of the terms to be observed or performed by the Company
     under and/or in connection with the May 13 Bridge Warrant, but shall at all
     times in good faith use best efforts to assist in carrying out of all the
     provisions of and/or relating to such May 13 Bridge Warrant and in taking
     all such action as may be necessary or appropriate to protect Investor's
     rights, preferences and privileges under and/or in connection with the May
     13 Bridge Warrant against impairment. Investor's rights, preferences and
     privileges granted under and/or in connection with the May 13 Bridge
     Warrant may not be amended, modified or waived without Investor's prior
     written consent, and the documentation providing for such rights,
     preferences and privileges will specifically provide as such.

          (d) Tax Treatment of May 13 Bridge Warrant and Note. The Company and
     Investor, as a result of arm's length bargaining, agree that the fair
     market value of the Note to be issued in connection with the May 13 Bridge
     Funding, if issued apart from the May 13 Bridge Warrant, is $445,500, and
     the fair

<PAGE>

     market value of the May 13 Bridge Warrant, if issued apart from such Note,
     is $4,500. The Company and Investor further agree that all tax filings and
     records relating to or including this Agreement, the Note to be issued in
     connection with the May 13 Bridge Funding and/or the May 13 Bridge Warrant
     shall be prepared on the basis of, and consistently reflect, the agreed
     fair market values set forth in this Section 2.15(d), and the Company shall
     instruct its accountants and other tax-preparation professionals to prepare
     all tax filings and returns on the basis of the foregoing."

6. Section 3.4(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by:

          (A) replacing "$6.3 million" with "$5.85 million" in the first
     sentence thereof; and

          (B) replacing " "63,000,000" with "58,500,000" in the third sentence
     thereof.

7. Section 4.7.6 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety
as follows:

          "4.7.6. Capitalization. The authorized capital stock of the Company
     consists of 300,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
     and 100,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value of $0.001 per share.
     As of the date hereof, 19,078,048 shares of Common Stock and 32,500,000
     shares of series A preferred stock are issued and outstanding. No other
     shares of any class or series of the Company's capital stock are authorized
     and/or issued and outstanding. All issued and outstanding shares of capital
     stock of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued, and are
     fully paid and non-assessable, and have been offered, sold and delivered by
     the Company in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities
     laws. Except as set forth in Schedule 4.7.6, no subscription, warrant,
     option, convertible security, or other right (direct or indirect,
     contingent or otherwise) to purchase or otherwise acquire any equity
     securities of the Company is authorized or outstanding, and there is no
     agreement, promise, commitment, undertaking or letter of intent of any kind
     (direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise) by the Company to issue any
     shares, subscriptions, warrants, options, convertible securities, or other
     such rights, or to distribute to holders of any of its equity securities
     any evidence of indebtedness or asset. Except as set forth in Schedule
     4.7.6, the Company has no obligation of any kind (direct or indirect,
     contingent or otherwise) to purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of
     its equity securities or any interest therein or to pay any dividend or
     make any other distribution in respect thereof. Schedule 4.7.6 includes a
     true, accurate and complete statement describing the total number of shares
     of the Company outstanding as of the date of this Agreement (on a fully
     diluted basis, including, without limitation, all warrants and options
     outstanding (whether or not currently exercisable), all convertible
     instruments of any kind (whether or not currently convertible), shares of
     all classes of stock, and any agreements, promises, commitments,
     undertakings or letters of intent to issue any of the foregoing."

8. Section 4.7.15 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
entirety as follows:

          "4.7.15 Liabilities. The Company has the following accrued
     liabilities: (i) tax liabilities to the State of Washington in the maximum
     amount of $503,000, (ii) amounts payable to Cognate Therapeutics and (iii)
     future sublease payments to MediQuest Corporation for the Company's
     premises sublease not yet due, and a contingent lease liability to Benaroya
     Capital Co. LLC for premises currently occupied by MediQuest Corporation
     should Mediquest Corporation default on its lease with Benaroya Capital Co.
     LLC and which is not yet due, (iv) the Company's aggregate accrued,
     contingent and/or other liabilities of any nature, either mature or
     immature, as of the Sixth Amendment Date, do not exceed $474,539 (excluding
     amounts payable to Cognate), of which (x) $355,963 are currently due
     payables (including $347,629 for attorney and auditor fees), (y) $39,360
     are the aggregate balances of capital leases payable in monthly
     installments in the amounts set forth in the budget included in the
     Schedule of Exceptions through the first calendar quarter of 2006,
     decreasing thereafter, the last of which is fully amortized in May 2007,
     and (z) $79,216 are accrued vacation and sick pay."

9. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit A-10, immediately
following Exhibit A-9 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit A-10 hereto.

<PAGE>

10. Exhibit B to the Agreement, as amended on December 27, 2004, January 26,
2005, and April 12, 2005 is hereby further amended by Exhibit B-4 hereto (the
"FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM
SHEET"). Exhibit B, as so amended, shall be deemed to constitute the
"CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET" for all purposes under the Agreement
and all other Related Recapitalization Documents.

11. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit K-5, immediately
following Exhibit K-4 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit K-5 hereto.

12. The May 13 Bridge Warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-5 shall
be deemed to be a "BRIDGE WARRANT" and a "WARRANT" for all purposes under the
Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. The Note evidencing the May
13 Bridge Funding in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-10 issued on the
Sixth Amendment Date shall be deemed to be a "NOTE" for all purposes under the
Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. Each of the May 13 Bridge
Warrant and the Note evidencing the May 13 Bridge Funding shall be deemed to be
"RELATED RECAPITALIZATION DOCUMENTS" for all purposes under the Agreement and
all other Related Recapitalization Documents.

13. Except as amended and/or restated hereby, all other terms and conditions of
the Agreement shall be unaffected hereby and remain in full force and effect.

14. This Amendment (including the Exhibits hereto, which are an integral part of
the Amendment), together with the Agreement (including the Schedules and
Exhibits thereto, which are an integral part of the Agreement) and the Related
Recapitalization Documents, constitute the entire agreement among the parties
hereto and thereto with regard to the subjects hereof and thereof and supersede
all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof
and thereof.

15. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the
State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

16. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which
will be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and
the same agreement.

17. This Amendment shall take effect immediately upon execution by the Company
and Investor.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

<PAGE>

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this AMENDMENT NO. 6 TO
AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT as of the Sixth Amendment Date
above written.

                                        NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Alton L. Boynton
                                        Title: President

                                        TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP

                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Linda F. Powers
                                        Title: Managing Director

<PAGE>

                                  EXHIBIT A-10

FORM OF $450,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE, SECURED
                       PROMISSORY NOTE DATED MAY 13, 2005

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT B-4

     FORM OF FOURTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
                                STOCK TERM SHEET
<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT K-5
                          FORM OF MAY 13 BRIDGE WARRANT

                                WAIVER AGREEMENT

          The undersigned, Toucan Capital Fund II, L.P. ("Toucan") is a party to
that certain Northwest Biotherapeutics Amended and Restated Recapitalization
Agreement with Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the "Company"), dated July 30,
2004, as amended on October 22, 2004, November 10, 2004, December 27, 2004,
January 26, 2005, April 12, 2005 and May 13, 2005 (the "Recapitalization
Agreement").

          WHEREAS, The Company is not able to fulfill certain of the conditions
set forth in Sections 2.4 and 4.9 of the Recapitalization Agreement and Toucan
is willing to allow limited waivers of certain of the conditions solely in
connection with the closing of the bridge funding on May 13, 2005 (the "May 13
Bridge Funding").

          Toucan hereby waives the following conditions and relinquishes the
Company from complying with such conditions solely in connection with and as
applicable to the closing of the May 13 Bridge Funding:

1. The conditions set forth in Section 2.4 (a) and (g) to the extent they relate
to Related Recapitalization Documents that have not been executed by the
Company.

2. The conditions set forth in Section 2.4 (k) as to Dan Wilds.

3. The conditions set forth in Section 4.9 (a), (b), (d), and (e) to the extent
they relate to Related Recapitalization Documents that have not been executed by
the Company.

The waiver of the foregoing conditions in connection with the May 13 Bridge
Funding shall apply only to the May 13 Bridge Funding and shall not be deemed to
be a waiver of any condition or conditions as to any future closing or closings
of the Bridge Funding, if any, or the Anticipated Equity Financing, if any.

Capitalized terms used, but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning
ascribed to them in the Recapitalization Agreement.

DATED: May 13, 2005.                    TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P.

                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                            Linda F. Powers
                                        Its: Managing Director

<PAGE>

     AMENDMENT NO. 7 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

     THIS AMENDMENT NO. 7 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT
(this "AMENDMENT") is made and entered into as of June 16, 2005 (the "SEVENTH
AMENDMENT DATE") by and between NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., and its
affiliates, if any (collectively, the "COMPANY"), a Delaware corporation with
offices at 22322 20th Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., and its designees (collectively, "INVESTOR"), a Delaware
limited partnership with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814.
All capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the
meaning given such terms in the Agreement (as defined below).

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor have entered into that certain Amended
and Restated Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2004 (the
"AGREEMENT");

     WHEREAS, on October 22, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on November 10, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on December 27, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on January 26, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 4 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on April 12, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 5 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on May 13, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 6 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor desire to further amend the Agreement to
make such changes to the Agreement as are set forth herein; and

     WHEREAS, Section 4.13(f) of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may
be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by the Company and
Investor.

                                    AMENDMENT

                                        1

<PAGE>

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual promises and
covenants set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and
Investor hereby agree as follows:

1. Section 1.2 of the Agreement is hereby amended by inserting "and the Loan
Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible, Secured Promissory Note dated
June 16, 2005 attached hereto as Exhibit A-11, and the June 16 Bridge Warrant
(as defined herein) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-6" immediately
following the phrase "in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-5" in subsection
(g) thereof.

2. Section 2.2(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "A-10" with
"A-11."

3. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following
text immediately following the eighteenth sentence thereof:

     "On June 16, 2005 (the "SEVENTH AMENDMENT DATE"), Investor is providing an
     additional $500,000 of Bridge Funding (the "JUNE 16 BRIDGE FUNDING") to
     cover general operating expenses and certain other expenses of the Company
     agreed in advance by Investor during the period from June 16, 2005 through
     July 29, 2005. The June 16 Bridge Funding shall be evidenced by a Note in
     the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-11 and shall be provided on the terms
     and conditions set forth herein. The June 16 Bridge Funding shall be used
     only for the purposes and in the amounts agreed to in writing by Investor
     and the Company."

4. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby further amended by replacing the
phrase "May 13 Bridge Funding" with "May 13 Bridge Funding or June 16 Bridge
Funding") in the nineteenth sentence thereof (i.e., the twenty-second sentence
thereof after giving effect to the inclusion of the three new sentences therein
per Section 3 of this Amendment).

5. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new Section 2.16, immediately
following Section 2.15 thereof, as follows:

     "2.16 June 16 Bridge Warrant:

          (a) Issuance of June 16 Bridge Warrant. On the Seventh Amendment Date,
     Investor shall receive a warrant with coverage equal to one hundred percent
     (100%) of the principal amount due under the Note evidencing the June 16
     Bridge Funding (the "JUNE 16 BRIDGE WARRANT"). The Company shall,
     therefore, issue $500,000 in warrant coverage on the $500,000 of June 16
     Bridge Funding provided on the Seventh Amendment Date. The number of shares
     subject to the June 16 Bridge Warrant to be so issued shall be determined
     on the basis of $0.10 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits,
     stock dividends and the like). The total number of shares for which
     Investor shall initially be able to exercise the June 16 Bridge Warrant
     shall therefore be 5,000,000 shares as of the Seventh Amendment Date.

          (b) Exercise of June 16 Bridge Warrant. The June 16 Bridge Warrant
     shall be immediately exercisable upon issuance and continue to be
     exercisable for a period of seven (7) years after its issuance date. The
     exercise price of the June 16 Bridge

                                        2

<PAGE>

     Warrant shall be $0.04 (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock
     dividends and the like, as provided more fully in the June 16 Bridge
     Warrant). In the event the Convertible Preferred Stock is approved and
     authorized, and the terms and conditions are the same as set forth herein
     and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and Other Investors have
     purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or
     options, or conversion or exercise of other securities or instruments) a
     minimum of $15 million of such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms
     and conditions set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term
     Sheet, then the June 16 Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable solely for such
     Convertible Preferred Stock (subject to Section 5 thereof). However, if,
     for any reason, such Convertible Preferred Stock is not approved or
     authorized, and/or is approved or authorized on any terms different than
     any terms set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term
     Sheet, and/or if Other Investors have not purchased in cash (and not by
     conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or options, or conversion or
     exercise of other securities or instruments) a minimum of $15 million of
     such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms and conditions set forth
     herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, the June 16
     Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable for any Equity Security and/or Debt
     Security (each as defined in Section 2.7 hereof) and/or any combination
     thereof, in each case that Investor shall designate in Investor's sole
     discretion (the securities so elected being the "INVESTOR DESIGNATED
     SECURITIES").

          (c) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its Charter
     or through a reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger,
     dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action,
     omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or
     performance of any of the terms to be observed or performed by the Company
     under and/or in connection with the June 16 Bridge Warrant, but shall at
     all times in good faith use best efforts to assist in carrying out of all
     the provisions of and/or relating to such June 16 Bridge Warrant and in
     taking all such action as may be necessary or appropriate to protect
     Investor's rights, preferences and privileges under and/or in connection
     with the June 16 Bridge Warrant against impairment. Investor's rights,
     preferences and privileges granted under and/or in connection with the June
     16 Bridge Warrant may not be amended, modified or waived without Investor's
     prior written consent, and the documentation providing for such rights,
     preferences and privileges will specifically provide as such.

          (d) Tax Treatment of June 16 Bridge Warrant and Note. The Company and
     Investor, as a result of arm's length bargaining, agree that the fair
     market value of the Note to be issued in connection with the June 16 Bridge
     Funding, if issued apart from the June 16 Bridge Warrant, is $495,000, and
     the fair market value of the June 16 Bridge Warrant, if issued apart from
     such Note, is $5,000. The Company and Investor further agree that all tax
     filings and records relating to or including this Agreement, the Note to be
     issued in connection with the June 16 Bridge Funding and/or the June 16
     Bridge Warrant shall be prepared on the basis of, and consistently reflect,
     the agreed fair market values set forth in this Section 2.16(d), and the
     Company shall instruct its accountants and other tax-preparation
     professionals to prepare all tax filings and returns on the basis of the
     foregoing."

                                        3

<PAGE>

6. Section 3.4(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by:

     (a) replacing "$5.85 million" with "$5.35 million" in the first sentence
     thereof; and

     (b) replacing "58,500,000" with "53,500,000" in the third sentence thereof.

7. Section 4.7.15 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
entirety as follows:

          "4.7.15 Liabilities. The Company has the following accrued
     liabilities: (i) tax liabilities to the State of Washington in the maximum
     amount of $512,000, (ii) amounts payable to Cognate Therapeutics and (iii)
     future sublease payments to MediQuest Corporation for the Company's
     premises sublease not yet due, and a contingent lease liability to Benaroya
     Capital Co. LLC for premises currently occupied by MediQuest Corporation
     should Mediquest Corporation default on its lease with Benaroya Capital Co.
     LLC and which is not yet due, (iv) the Company's aggregate accrued,
     contingent and/or other liabilities of any nature, either mature or
     immature, as of the Seventh Amendment Date, do not exceed $448,602
     (excluding amounts payable to Cognate), of which (x) $331,383 are currently
     due payables (including $284,497 for attorney and auditor fees), (y)
     $35,219 are the aggregate balances of capital leases payable in monthly
     installments in the amounts set forth in the budget included in the
     Schedule of Exceptions through the first calendar quarter of 2006,
     decreasing thereafter, the last of which is fully amortized in May 2007,
     and (z) $82,000 are accrued vacation and sick pay."

8. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit A-11, immediately
following Exhibit A-10 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit A-11 hereto.

9. Exhibit B to the Agreement, as amended on December 27, 2004, January 26,
2005, April 12, 2005 and May 13, 2005 is hereby further amended by Exhibit B-5
hereto (the "FIFTH AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
STOCK TERM SHEET"). Exhibit B, as so amended, shall be deemed to constitute the
"CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET" for all purposes under the Agreement
and all other Related Recapitalization Documents.

10. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit K-6, immediately
following Exhibit K-5 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit K-6 hereto.

11. The June 16 Bridge Warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-6 shall
be deemed to be a "BRIDGE WARRANT" and a "WARRANT" for all purposes under the
Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. The Note evidencing the
June 16 Bridge Funding in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-11 issued on the
Seventh Amendment Date shall be deemed to be a "NOTE" for all purposes under the
Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. Each of the June 16 Bridge
Warrant and the Note evidencing the June 16 Bridge Funding shall be deemed to be
"RELATED RECAPITALIZATION DOCUMENTS" for all purposes under the Agreement and
all other Related Recapitalization Documents.

12. Except as amended and/or restated hereby, all other terms and conditions of
the Agreement shall be unaffected hereby and remain in full force and effect.

                                        4

<PAGE>

13. This Amendment (including the Exhibits hereto, which are an integral part of
the Amendment), together with the Agreement (including the Schedules and
Exhibits thereto, which are an integral part of the Agreement) and the Related
Recapitalization Documents, constitute the entire agreement among the parties
hereto and thereto with regard to the subjects hereof and thereof and supersede
all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof
and thereof.

14. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the
State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

15. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which
will be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and
the same agreement.

16. This Amendment shall take effect immediately upon execution by the Company
and Investor.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                        5

<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this AMENDMENT NO. 7
TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT as of the Seventh Amendment
Date above written.

                                        NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Alton L. Boynton
                                        Title: President

                                        TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP

                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Linda F. Powers
                                        Title: Managing Director

<PAGE>

                                  EXHIBIT A-11

    FORM OF $500,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE,
                   SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE DATED JUNE 16, 2005

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT B-5

      FORM OF FIFTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
                                STOCK TERM SHEET

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT K-6

                         FORM OF JUNE 16 BRIDGE WARRANT

<PAGE>

     AMENDMENT NO. 8 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

     THIS AMENDMENT NO. 8 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT
(this "AMENDMENT") is made and entered into as of July 26, 2005 (the "EIGHTH
AMENDMENT DATE") by and between NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., and its
affiliates, if any (collectively, the "COMPANY"), a Delaware corporation with
offices at 22322 20th Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., and its designees (collectively, "INVESTOR"), a Delaware
limited partnership with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814.
All capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the
meaning given such terms in the Agreement (as defined below).

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor have entered into that certain Amended
and Restated Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2004 (the
"AGREEMENT");

     WHEREAS, on October 22, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on November 10, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on December 27, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on January 26, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 4 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on April 12, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 5 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on May 13, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 6 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on June 16, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 7 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor desire to further amend the Agreement to
make such changes to the Agreement as are set forth herein; and

                                         1

<PAGE>

     WHEREAS, Section 4.13(f) of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may
be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by the Company and
Investor.

                                    AMENDMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual promises and
covenants set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and
Investor hereby agree as follows:

1. Section 1.2 of the Agreement is hereby amended by inserting "and the Loan
Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible, Secured Promissory Note dated
July 26, 2005 attached hereto as Exhibit A-12, and the July 26 Bridge Warrant
(as defined herein) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-7" immediately
following the phrase "in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-6" in subsection
(g) thereof.

2. Section 2.2(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "A-11" with
"A-12."

3. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following
text immediately following the twenty-first sentence thereof:

     "On July 26, 2005 (the "EIGHTH AMENDMENT DATE"), Investor is providing an
     additional $500,000 of Bridge Funding (the "JULY 26 BRIDGE FUNDING") to
     cover general operating expenses and certain other expenses of the Company
     agreed in advance by Investor during the period from July 26, 2005 through
     August 23, 2005. The July 26 Bridge Funding shall be evidenced by a Note in
     the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-12 and shall be provided on the terms
     and conditions set forth herein. The July 26 Bridge Funding shall be used
     only for the purposes and in the amounts agreed to in writing by Investor
     and the Company."

4. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby further amended by replacing the
phrase "June 16 Bridge Funding" with "June 16 Bridge Funding or July 26 Bridge
Funding") in the twenty-second sentence thereof (i.e., the twenty-fifth sentence
thereof after giving effect to the inclusion of the three new sentences therein
per Section 3 of this Amendment).

5. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new Section 2.17, immediately
following Section 2.16 thereof, as follows:

     "2.17 July 26 Bridge Warrant:

          (a) Issuance of July 26 Bridge Warrant. On the Eighth Amendment Date,
     Investor shall receive a warrant with coverage equal to one hundred percent
     (100%) of the principal amount due under the Note evidencing the July 26
     Bridge Funding (the "JULY 26 BRIDGE WARRANT"). The Company shall,
     therefore, issue $500,000 in warrant coverage on the $500,000 of July 26
     Bridge Funding provided on the Eighth Amendment Date. The number of shares
     subject to the July 26 Bridge Warrant to be so issued shall be determined
     on the basis of $0.10 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits,
     stock dividends and the like). The total number of shares for which
     Investor shall initially be able to exercise the July 26 Bridge Warrant
     shall therefore be 5,000,000 shares as of the Eighth Amendment Date.

          (b) Exercise of July 26 Bridge Warrant. The July 26 Bridge Warrant
     shall be immediately exercisable upon issuance and continue to be
     exercisable for a period of seven (7) years after its issuance date. The
     exercise price of the July 26 Bridge Warrant shall be $0.04 (subject to
     adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like, as provided more
     fully in the July 26 Bridge Warrant). In the event the Convertible
     Preferred Stock is approved and authorized, and the terms and conditions
     are the same as set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock
     Term Sheet, and Other Investors have purchased in cash (and not by
     conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or options, or conversion or
     exercise of other securities or instruments) a minimum of $15 million of
     such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms

                                        2

<PAGE>

     and conditions set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term
     Sheet, then the July 26 Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable solely for such
     Convertible Preferred Stock (subject to Section 5 thereof). However, if,
     for any reason, such Convertible Preferred Stock is not approved or
     authorized, and/or is approved or authorized on any terms different than
     any terms set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term
     Sheet, and/or if Other Investors have not purchased in cash (and not by
     conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or options, or conversion or
     exercise of other securities or instruments) a minimum of $15 million of
     such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms and conditions set forth
     herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, the July 26
     Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable for any Equity Security and/or Debt
     Security (each as defined in Section 2.7 hereof) and/or any combination
     thereof, in each case that Investor shall designate in Investor's sole
     discretion (the securities so elected being the "INVESTOR DESIGNATED
     SECURITIES").

          (c) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its Charter
     or through a reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger,
     dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action,
     omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or
     performance of any of the terms to be observed or performed by the Company
     under and/or in connection with the July 26 Bridge Warrant, but shall at
     all times in good faith use best efforts to assist in carrying out of all
     the provisions of and/or relating to such July 26 Bridge Warrant and in
     taking all such action as may be necessary or appropriate to protect
     Investor's rights, preferences and privileges under and/or in connection
     with the July 26 Bridge Warrant against impairment. Investor's rights,
     preferences and privileges granted under and/or in connection with the July
     26 Bridge Warrant may not be amended, modified or waived without Investor's
     prior written consent, and the documentation providing for such rights,
     preferences and privileges will specifically provide as such.

            (d) Tax Treatment of July 26 Bridge Warrant and Note. The Company
      and Investor, as a result of arm's length bargaining, agree that the fair
      market value of the Note to be issued in connection with the July 26
      Bridge Funding, if issued apart from the July 26 Bridge Warrant, is
      $495,000, and the fair market value of the July 26 Bridge Warrant, if
      issued apart from such Note, is $5,000. The Company and Investor further
      agree that all tax filings and records relating to or including this
      Agreement, the Note to be issued in connection with the July 26 Bridge
      Funding and/or the July 26 Bridge Warrant shall be prepared on the basis
      of, and consistently reflect, the agreed fair market values set forth in
      this Section 2.17(d), and the Company shall instruct its accountants and
      other tax-preparation professionals to prepare all tax filings and returns
      on the basis of the foregoing."

6. Section 3.4(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing the phrase "of
12 months commencing at the first closing of Convertible Preferred Stock" with
"beginning with the first closing of Convertible Preferred Stock and ending on
December 31, 2006 (or such later date as is mutually agreed by the parties
hereto)" in the first sentence thereof.

7. Section 3.4(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by:

     (a)  replacing "$5.35 million" with "$4.85 million" in the first sentence
          thereof; and

     (b)  replacing "53,500,000" with "48,500,000" in the third sentence
          thereof.

8. Section 4.7.15 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
entirety as follows:

          "4.7.15 Liabilities. The Company has the following accrued
     liabilities: (i) tax liabilities to the State of Washington in the maximum
     amount of $322,017, (ii) amounts payable to Cognate Therapeutics and
     Investor, (iii) future sublease payments to MediQuest Corporation and a
     contingent lease liability to Benaroya Capital Co. LLC for the Company's
     premises should Mediquest Corporation default on its lease with Benaroya
     Capital Co. LLC and which is not yet due, and (iv) the Company's aggregate
     accrued, contingent and/or other liabilities of any nature, either mature
     or immature, as of the Eighth Amendment Date, not in excess of $472,524
     (excluding amounts payable to Cognate and Investor), of which (x) $356,694
     are currently due payables (including $248,598 for attorney and auditor
     fees), (y) $31,076 are the aggregate balances of capital leases payable in
     monthly installments in the amounts set forth in the budget

                                        3

<PAGE>

      included in the Schedule of Exceptions through the first calendar quarter
      of 2006, decreasing thereafter, the last of which is fully amortized in
      May 2007, and (z) $84,754 are accrued vacation and sick pay."

9. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit A-12, immediately
following Exhibit A-11 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit A-12 hereto.

10. Exhibit B to the Agreement, as amended on December 27, 2004, January 26,
2005, April 12, 2005, May 13, 2005 and June 16, 2005 is hereby further amended
by Exhibit B-6 hereto (the "SIXTH AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED
CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET"). Exhibit B, as so amended, shall be
deemed to constitute the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET" for all
purposes under the Agreement and all other Related Recapitalization Documents.

11. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit K-7, immediately
following Exhibit K-6 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit K-7 hereto.

12. The July 26 Bridge Warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-7 shall
be deemed to be a "BRIDGE WARRANT" and a "WARRANT" for all purposes under the
Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. The Note evidencing the
July 26 Bridge Funding in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-12 issued on the
Eighth Amendment Date shall be deemed to be a "NOTE" for all purposes under the
Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. Each of the July 26 Bridge
Warrant and the Note evidencing the July 26 Bridge Funding shall be deemed to be
"RELATED RECAPITALIZATION DOCUMENTS" for all purposes under the Agreement and
all other Related Recapitalization Documents.

13. Except as amended and/or restated hereby, all other terms and conditions of
the Agreement shall be unaffected hereby and remain in full force and effect.

14. This Amendment (including the Exhibits hereto, which are an integral part of
the Amendment), together with the Agreement (including the Schedules and
Exhibits thereto, which are an integral part of the Agreement) and the Related
Recapitalization Documents, constitute the entire agreement among the parties
hereto and thereto with regard to the subjects hereof and thereof and supersede
all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof
and thereof.

15. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the
State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

16. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which
will be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and
the same agreement.

17. This Amendment shall take effect immediately upon execution by the Company
and Investor.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                        4

<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this AMENDMENT NO. 8
TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT as of the Eighth Amendment
Date above written.

                                        NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Alton L. Boynton
                                        Title: President

                                        TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP

                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Linda F. Powers
                                        Title: Managing Director

<PAGE>

                                  EXHIBIT A-12

    FORM OF $500,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE,
                   SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE DATED JULY 26, 2005

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT B-6

      FORM OF SIXTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
                                STOCK TERM SHEET

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT K-7

                         FORM OF JULY 26 BRIDGE WARRANT
<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 10.1

       AMENDMENT NO. 9 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

     THIS AMENDMENT NO. 9 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT
(this "AMENDMENT") is made and entered into as of September 7, 2005 (the "NINTH
AMENDMENT DATE") by and between NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., and its
affiliates, if any (collectively, the "COMPANY"), a Delaware corporation with
offices at 22322 20th Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., and its designees (collectively, "INVESTOR"), a Delaware
limited partnership with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814.
All capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the
meaning given such terms in the Agreement (as defined below).

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor have entered into that certain Amended
and Restated Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2004 (the
"AGREEMENT");

     WHEREAS, on October 22, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on November 10, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on December 27, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on January 26, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 4 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on April 12, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 5 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on May 13, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 6 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on June 16, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 7 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on July 26, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 8 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor desire to further amend the Agreement to
make such changes to the Agreement as are set forth herein; and

                                        1

<PAGE>

     WHEREAS, Section 4.13(f) of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may
be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by the Company and
Investor.

                                    AMENDMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual promises and
covenants set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and
Investor hereby agree as follows:

     1. Section 1.2 of the Agreement is hereby amended by inserting "and the
     Loan Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible, Secured Promissory
     Note dated September 7, 2005 attached hereto as Exhibit A-13, and the
     September 7 Bridge Warrant (as defined herein) in the form attached hereto
     as Exhibit K-8" immediately following the phrase "in the form attached
     hereto as Exhibit K-7" in subsection (g) thereof.

     2. Section 2.2(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "A-12"
     with "A-13."

     3. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the
     following text immediately following the twenty-first sentence thereof:

     "On September 7, 2005 (the "NINTH AMENDMENT DATE"), Investor is providing
     an additional $500,000 of Bridge Funding (the "SEPTEMBER 7 BRIDGE FUNDING")
     to cover general operating expenses and certain other expenses of the
     Company agreed in advance by Investor during the period from September 7,
     2005 through September 30, 2005. The September 7 Bridge Funding shall be
     evidenced by a Note in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-13 and shall
     be provided on the terms and conditions set forth herein. The September 7
     Bridge Funding shall be used only for the purposes and in the amounts
     agreed to in writing by Investor and the Company."

     4. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby further amended by replacing
     the phrase "July 26 Bridge Funding" with "July 26 Bridge Funding or
     September 7 Bridge Funding") in the twenty-fifth sentence thereof (i.e.,
     the twenty-eighth sentence thereof after giving effect to the inclusion of
     the three new sentences therein per Section 3 of this Amendment).

     5. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new Section 2.18,
     immediately following Section 2.17 thereof, as follows:

     "2.18 September 7 Bridge Warrant:

          (a) Issuance of September 7 Bridge Warrant. On the Ninth Amendment
     Date, Investor shall receive a warrant with coverage equal to one hundred
     percent (100%) of the principal amount due under the Note evidencing the
     September 7 Bridge Funding (the "SEPTEMBER 7 BRIDGE Warrant"). The Company
     shall, therefore, issue $500,000 in warrant coverage on the $500,000 of
     September 7 Bridge Funding provided on the Ninth Amendment Date. The number
     of shares subject to the September 7 Bridge Warrant to be so issued shall
     be determined on the basis of $0.10

                                        2

<PAGE>

     per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the
     like). The total number of shares for which Investor shall initially be
     able to exercise the September 7 Bridge Warrant shall therefore be
     5,000,000 shares as of the Ninth Amendment Date.

          (b) Exercise of September 7 Bridge Warrant. The September 7 Bridge
     Warrant shall be immediately exercisable upon issuance and continue to be
     exercisable for a period of seven (7) years after its issuance date. The
     exercise price of the September 7 Bridge Warrant shall be $0.04 (subject to
     adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like, as provided more
     fully in the September 7 Bridge Warrant). In the event the Convertible
     Preferred Stock is approved and authorized, and the terms and conditions
     are the same as set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock
     Term Sheet, and Other Investors have purchased in cash (and not by
     conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or options, or conversion or
     exercise of other securities or instruments) a minimum of $15 million of
     such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms and conditions set forth
     herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, then the
     September 7 Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable solely for such Convertible
     Preferred Stock (subject to Section 5 thereof). However, if, for any
     reason, such Convertible Preferred Stock is not approved or authorized,
     and/or is approved or authorized on any terms different than any terms set
     forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and/or if
     Other Investors have not purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt,
     exercise of warrants or options, or conversion or exercise of other
     securities or instruments) a minimum of $15 million of such Convertible
     Preferred Stock, on the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the
     Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, the September 7 Bridge Warrant
     shall be exercisable for any Equity Security and/or Debt Security (each as
     defined in Section 2.7 hereof) and/or any combination thereof, in each case
     that Investor shall designate in Investor's sole discretion (the securities
     so elected being the "INVESTOR DESIGNATED SECURITIES").

          (c) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its Charter
     or through a reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger,
     dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action,
     omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or
     performance of any of the terms to be observed or performed by the Company
     under and/or in connection with the September 7 Bridge Warrant, but shall
     at all times in good faith use best efforts to assist in carrying out of
     all the provisions of and/or relating to such September 7 Bridge Warrant
     and in taking all such action as may be necessary or appropriate to protect
     Investor's rights, preferences and privileges under and/or in connection
     with the September 7 Bridge Warrant against impairment. Investor's rights,
     preferences and privileges granted under and/or in connection with the
     September 7 Bridge Warrant may not be amended, modified or waived without
     Investor's prior written consent, and the documentation providing for such
     rights, preferences and privileges will specifically provide as such.

          (d) Tax Treatment of September 7 Bridge Warrant and Note. The Company
     and Investor, as a result of arm's length bargaining, agree that the fair
     market value of the Note to be issued in connection with the September 7
     Bridge Funding, if issued

                                        3

<PAGE>

     apart from the September 7 Bridge Warrant, is $495,000, and the fair market
     value of the September 7 Bridge Warrant, if issued apart from such Note, is
     $5,000. The Company and Investor further agree that all tax filings and
     records relating to or including this Agreement, the Note to be issued in
     connection with the September 7 Bridge Funding and/or the September 7
     Bridge Warrant shall be prepared on the basis of, and consistently reflect,
     the agreed fair market values set forth in this Section 2.18(d), and the
     Company shall instruct its accountants and other tax-preparation
     professionals to prepare all tax filings and returns on the basis of the
     foregoing."

     6. Section 3.4(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by:

     (a)  replacing "$4.85 million" with "$4.35 million" in the first sentence
          thereof; and

     (b)  replacing "48,500,000" with "43,500,000" in the third sentence
          thereof.

     7. Section 4.7.15 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
     entirety as follows:

          "4.7.15 Liabilities. The Company has the following accrued
     liabilities: (i) tax liabilities to the State of Washington in the maximum
     amount of $322,017, (ii) amounts payable to Cognate Therapeutics and
     Investor, (iii) future sublease payments to MediQuest Corporation and a
     contingent lease liability to Benaroya Capital Co. LLC for the Company's
     premises should Mediquest Corporation default on its lease with Benaroya
     Capital Co. LLC and which is not yet due, and (iv) the Company's aggregate
     accrued, contingent and/or other liabilities of any nature, either mature
     or immature, as of the Ninth Amendment Date, not in excess of $278,524
     (excluding amounts payable to Cognate and Investor), of which (x) $168,282
     are currently due payables (including $100,042 for attorney and auditor
     fees), (y) $25,134 are the aggregate balances of capital leases payable in
     monthly installments in the amounts set forth in the budget included in the
     Schedule of Exceptions through the first calendar quarter of 2006,
     decreasing thereafter, the last of which is fully amortized in May 2007,
     and (z) $85,522 are accrued vacation and sick pay."

     8. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit A-13, immediately
     following Exhibit A-12 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit A-13
     hereto.

     9. Exhibit B to the Agreement, as amended on December 27, 2004, January 26,
     2005, April 12, 2005, May 13, 2005, June 16, 2005 and July 26, 2006 is
     hereby further amended by Exhibit B-7 hereto (the "SEVENTH AMENDMENT TO THE
     AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET"). Exhibit B,
     as so amended, shall be deemed to constitute the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
     STOCK TERM SHEET" for all purposes under the Agreement and all other
     Related Recapitalization Documents.

     10. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit K-8, immediately
     following Exhibit K-7 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit K-8 hereto.

     11. The September 7 Bridge Warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit
     K-8 shall be deemed to be a "BRIDGE WARRANT" and a "Warrant" for all
     purposes under the Agreement and

                                        4

<PAGE>

     any Related Recapitalization Document. The Note evidencing the September 7
     Bridge Funding in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-13 issued on the
     Ninth Amendment Date shall be deemed to be a "NOTE" for all purposes under
     the Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. Each of the
     September 7 Bridge Warrant and the Note evidencing the September 7 Bridge
     Funding shall be deemed to be "RELATED RECAPITALIZATION DOCUMENTS" for all
     purposes under the Agreement and all other Related Recapitalization
     Documents.

     12. Except as amended and/or restated hereby, all other terms and
     conditions of the Agreement shall be unaffected hereby and remain in full
     force and effect.

     13. This Amendment (including the Exhibits hereto, which are an integral
     part of the Amendment), together with the Agreement (including the
     Schedules and Exhibits thereto, which are an integral part of the
     Agreement) and the Related Recapitalization Documents, constitute the
     entire agreement among the parties hereto and thereto with regard to the
     subjects hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and
     understandings relating to the subject matter hereof and thereof.

     14. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the
     State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

     15. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of
     which will be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute
     one and the same agreement.

     16. This Amendment shall take effect immediately upon execution by the
     Company and Investor.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                        5

<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this AMENDMENT NO. 9
TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT as of the Ninth Amendment
Date above written.

                                        NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Alton L. Boynton
                                        Title: President

                                        TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP

                                        By:
                                            ------------------------------------
                                        Name: Linda F. Powers
                                        Title: Managing Director

<PAGE>

                                  EXHIBIT A-13

    FORM OF $500,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE,
                 SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE DATED SEPTEMBER 7, 2005

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT B-7

     FORM OF SEVENTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
                                STOCK TERM SHEET

<PAGE>

       AMENDMENT NO. 10 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

     THIS AMENDMENT NO. 10 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT
(this "AMENDMENT") is made and entered into as of November 14, 2005 (the "TENTH
AMENDMENT DATE") by and between NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., and its
affiliates, if any (collectively, the "COMPANY"), a Delaware corporation with
offices at 22322 20th Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., and its designees (collectively, "INVESTOR"), a Delaware
limited partnership with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814.
All capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the
meaning given such terms in the Agreement (as defined below).

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor have entered into that certain Amended
and Restated Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2004 (the
"AGREEMENT");

     WHEREAS, on October 22, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on November 10, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on December 27, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on January 26, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 4 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on April 12, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 5 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on May 13, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 6 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on June 16, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 7 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on July 26, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 8 to the Agreement;

     WHEREAS, on September 7, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 9 to the Agreement;

                                        1

<PAGE>

     WHEREAS, the Company and Investor desire to further amend the Agreement to
make such changes to the Agreement as are set forth herein; and

     WHEREAS, Section 4.13(f) of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may
be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by the Company and
Investor.

                                    AMENDMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual promises and
covenants set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and
Investor hereby agree as follows:

1. Section 1.2 of the Agreement is hereby amended by inserting "and the Loan
Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible, Secured Promissory Note dated
November 14, 2005 attached hereto as Exhibit A-14, and the November 14 Bridge
Warrant (as defined herein) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-9"
immediately following the phrase "in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-8" in
subsection (g) thereof.

2. Section 2.2(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "A-13" with
"A-14."

3. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following
text immediately following the twenty-fourth sentence thereof:

     "On November 14, 2005 (the "TENTH AMENDMENT DATE"), Toucan Partners, LLC
     ("TOUCAN PARTNERS"), the designee of Toucan Capital Fund II, L.P., is
     providing an additional $400,000 of Bridge Funding (the "NOVEMBER 14 BRIDGE
     FUNDING") to cover general operating expenses and certain other expenses of
     the Company agreed in advance by Investor during the period from November
     14, 2005 through December 7, 2005. The November 14 Bridge Funding shall be
     evidenced by a Note in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-14 and shall
     be provided on the terms and conditions set forth herein. The November 14
     Bridge Funding shall be used only for the purposes and in the amounts
     agreed to in writing by Toucan Partners and the Company."

4. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby further amended by replacing the
phrase "September 7 Bridge Funding" with "September 7 Bridge Funding or November
14 Bridge Funding") in the twenty-eighth sentence thereof (i.e., the
thirty-first sentence thereof after giving effect to the inclusion of the three
new sentences therein per Section 3 of this Amendment).

5. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new Section 2.19, immediately
following Section 2.18 thereof, as follows:

     "2.19 November 14 Bridge Warrant:

          (a) Issuance of November 14 Bridge Warrant. On the Tenth Amendment
     Date, Toucan Partners shall receive a warrant with coverage equal to one
     hundred percent (100%) of the principal amount due under the Note
     evidencing the November 14 Bridge Funding (the "NOVEMBER 14 BRIDGE
     WARRANT"). The Company shall, therefore, issue $400,000 in warrant coverage
     on the $400,000 of November 14 Bridge Funding provided on the Tenth
     Amendment Date. The number of shares subject to the November 14 Bridge
     Warrant to be so issued shall be determined on the basis of $0.10 per share
     (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like). The
     total number of shares for which Toucan Partners shall initially be able to
     exercise the November 14 Bridge Warrant shall therefore be 4,000,000 shares
     as of the Tenth Amendment Date.

          (b) Exercise of November 14 Bridge Warrant. The November 14 Bridge
     Warrant shall be immediately exercisable upon issuance and continue to be
     exercisable for a period of seven (7) years after its issuance date. The
     exercise price of the November 14 Bridge Warrant shall be $0.04 (subject to
     adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like, as provided more
     fully in the November 14 Bridge Warrant). In the event the Convertible
     Preferred Stock is approved and authorized, and the terms and conditions
     are the same as set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock
     Term Sheet, and

                                        2

<PAGE>

     Other Investors have purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt,
     exercise of warrants or options, or conversion or exercise of other
     securities or instruments) a minimum of $15 million of such Convertible
     Preferred Stock, on the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the
     Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, then the November 14 Bridge Warrant
     shall be exercisable solely for such Convertible Preferred Stock (subject
     to Section 5 thereof). However, if, for any reason, such Convertible
     Preferred Stock is not approved or authorized, and/or is approved or
     authorized on any terms different than any terms set forth herein and in
     the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and/or if Other Investors have
     not purchased in cash (and not by conversion of debt, exercise of warrants
     or options, or conversion or exercise of other securities or instruments) a
     minimum of $15 million of such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms
     and conditions set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term
     Sheet, the November 14 Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable for any Equity
     Security and/or Debt Security (each as defined in Section 2.7 hereof)
     and/or any combination thereof, in each case that Investor shall designate
     in Investor's sole discretion (the securities so elected being the
     "INVESTOR DESIGNATED SECURITIES").

          (c) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its Charter
     or through a reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger,
     dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action,
     omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or
     performance of any of the terms to be observed or performed by the Company
     under and/or in connection with the November 14 Bridge Warrant, but shall
     at all times in good faith use best efforts to assist in carrying out of
     all the provisions of and/or relating to such November 14 Bridge Warrant
     and in taking all such action as may be necessary or appropriate to protect
     Investor's rights, preferences and privileges under and/or in connection
     with the November 14 Bridge Warrant against impairment. Investor's rights,
     preferences and privileges granted under and/or in connection with the
     November 14 Bridge Warrant may not be amended, modified or waived without
     Investor's prior written consent, and the documentation providing for such
     rights, preferences and privileges will specifically provide as such.

          (d) Tax Treatment of November 14 Bridge Warrant and Note. The Company
     and Toucan Partners, as a result of arm's length bargaining, agree that the
     fair market value of the Note to be issued in connection with the November
     14 Bridge Funding, if issued apart from the November 14 Bridge Warrant, is
     $396,000, and the fair market value of the November 14 Bridge Warrant, if
     issued apart from such Note, is $4,000. The Company and Toucan Partners
     further agree that all tax filings and records relating to or including
     this Agreement, the Note to be issued in connection with the November 14
     Bridge Funding and/or the November 14 Bridge Warrant shall be prepared on
     the basis of, and consistently reflect, the agreed fair market values set
     forth in this Section 2.19(d), and the Company shall instruct its
     accountants and other tax-preparation professionals to prepare all tax
     filings and returns on the basis of the foregoing.

6. Section 3.4(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by:

     (a)  replacing "$4.35 million" with "$3.95 million" in the first sentence
          thereof; and

     (b)  replacing "43,500,000" with "39,500,000" in the third sentence
          thereof.

7. Section 4.7.15 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
entirety as follows:

          "4.7.15 Liabilities. The Company has the following accrued
     liabilities: (i) tax liabilities to the State of Washington in the
     approximate amount of $329,243, (ii) amounts payable to Cognate
     Therapeutics and Investor, (iii) future sublease payments to MediQuest
     Corporation and a contingent lease liability to Benaroya Capital Company,
     LLC for the Company's premises should Mediquest Corporation default on its
     lease with Benaroya Capital Company, LLC and which is not yet due, and (iv)
     the Company's aggregate accrued, contingent and/or other liabilities of any
     nature, either mature or immature, as of the Tenth Amendment Date, not in
     excess of $407,126 (excluding amounts payable to Cognate and Investor), of
     which (x) $296,028 are currently due payables (including $212,021 for
     attorney fees), (y) $18,103 are the aggregate balances of capital leases
     payable in monthly installments in the amounts set forth in the budget
     included in the Schedule of Exceptions through the first calendar quarter
     of 2006, decreasing thereafter, the last of which is fully amortized in May
     2007, and (z) $92,995 are accrued vacation and sick pay."

8. The AGREEMENT is hereby amended to add a new Section 4.14 as follows:

                                        3

<PAGE>

          "4.14 Designee. The parties hereto agree that Toucan Partners, LLC, a
     Delaware limited liability company, as a designee of Toucan Capital Fund
     II, L.P., is entitled to all rights, privileges and remedies afforded
     Investor by this Agreement and all Related Recapitalization Documents, to
     the extent it participates in any closing contemplated hereby."

9. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit A-14, immediately
following Exhibit A-13 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit A-14 hereto.

10. Exhibit B to the Agreement, as amended on December 27, 2004, January 26,
2005, April 12, 2005, May 13, 2005, June 16, 2005, July 26, 2005 and September
7, 2005 is hereby further amended by Exhibit B-8 hereto (the "EIGHTH AMENDMENT
TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET"). Exhibit B,
as so amended, shall be deemed to constitute the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
TERM SHEET" for all purposes under the Agreement and all other Related
Recapitalization Documents.

11. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit K-9, immediately
following Exhibit K-8 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit K-9 hereto.

12. The November 14 Bridge Warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K-9
shall be deemed to be a "BRIDGE WARRANT" and a "WARRANT" for all purposes under
the Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. The Note evidencing the
November 14 Bridge Funding in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-14 issued on
the Tenth Amendment Date shall be deemed to be a "NOTE" for all purposes under
the Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. Each of the November 14
Bridge Warrant and the Note evidencing the November 14 Bridge Funding shall be
deemed to be "RELATED RECAPITALIZATION DOCUMENTS" for all purposes under the
Agreement and all other Related Recapitalization Documents.

13. Except as amended and/or restated hereby, all other terms and conditions of
the Agreement shall be unaffected hereby and remain in full force and effect.

14. This Amendment (including the Exhibits hereto, which are an integral part of
the Amendment), together with the Agreement (including the Schedules and
Exhibits thereto, which are an integral part of the Agreement) and the Related
Recapitalization Documents, constitute the entire agreement among the parties
hereto and thereto with regard to the subjects hereof and thereof and supersede
all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof
and thereof.

15. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the
State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

16. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which
will be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and
the same agreement.

17. This Amendment shall take effect immediately upon execution by the Company
and Investor.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                        4

<PAGE>

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this AMENDMENT NO. 10 TO
AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT as of the Tenth Amendment Date
above written.

                                        NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                        By: /s/ Alton L. Boynton
                                            -----------------------------------
                                        Name: Alton L. Boynton
                                        Title: President

                                        TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP

                                        By: /s/ Linda F. Powers
                                            -----------------------------------
                                        Name: Linda F. Powers
                                        Title: Managing Director

                                        TOUCAN PARTNERS, LLC

                                        By: /s/ Linda F. Powers
                                            -----------------------------------
                                        Name: Linda F. Powers
                                        Title: Managing Member

<PAGE>

                                  EXHIBIT A-14

    FORM OF $400,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE,
                 SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE DATED NOVEMBER 14, 2005

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT B-8

     FORM OF EIGHTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
                                STOCK TERM SHEET

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT K-9

                       FORM OF NOVEMBER 14 BRIDGE WARRANT<PAGE>

                                                                   Exhibit 10.24

                     AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET
                           CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
                         Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc.

                                October 22, 2004

THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET AMENDS
AND RESTATES THAT CERTAIN BINDING CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET BY AND
BETWEEN THE PARTIES HERETO DATED AS OF APRIL 26, 2004.

<TABLE>
<S>                          <C>
Issuer:                      Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the "Company"), a
                             Delaware corporation.

Purchasers:                  Toucan Capital Fund II, L.P and/or its designee(s)
                             (collectively, "Investor"), and such other
                             investors as may subsequently be identified (the
                             "Other Investors").

Election to lead             At Investor's election on or before the end of the
equity financing:            Bridge Funding Period, Investor shall have the
                             right to lead the equity financing and assemble the
                             syndicate of Other Investors.

Securities to be             10% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock
Issued:                      ("Convertible Preferred" or "Convertible Preferred
                             Stock"), convertible into common stock of the
                             Company ("Common" or "Common Stock").

Share price:                 The price per share shall be the lesser of $0.10
                             per share or 35% discount to the average closing
                             price during the twenty trading days prior to
                             closing; provided, however, that in no event will
                             the price per share be less than $.04. The share
                             price provided herein is subject to adjustment for
                             dividends, splits, etc.

Amount of Issuance:          Up to $40 million (including any shares issuable
                             upon conversion of Bridge Funding, but not
                             including any shares issuable upon exercise of
                             warrants, options, and similar instruments or
                             obligations) (the "Maximum Issuance"), in one or
                             more tranches.

First Closing:               First closing ("First Closing") to occur upon
                             completion of Bridge Period, documentation and
                             fulfillment of conditions to closing.

Subsequent Closings:         Additional closings of the Convertible Preferred
                             Stock after the First Closing ("Subsequent
                             Closings") may take place at any time on or before
                             12 months after the First Closing (the "Equity
                             Financing Period"), so long as the aggregate amount
                             raised does not exceed the Maximum Issuance. All
                             subsequent closings of the Convertible Preferred
                             Stock shall be on the same terms and conditions as
                             in the First Closing and shall use the same
                             documentation as in the First Closing.

Warrants:                    The Company shall issue $7 million (or, in the
                             event that the November Bridge Funding is not
                             provided, $7.5 million) in warrant coverage on the
                             first $7 million
</TABLE>

                                       A-1

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                          <C>
                             (or, in the event that the November Bridge Funding
                             is not provided, $7.5 million) Convertible
                             Preferred Stock purchased for cash (the "Preferred
                             Stock Warrants"). Preferred Stock Warrants shall
                             not be issued upon conversion of notes, exercise of
                             warrants, or other conversion or exercise. The
                             number of warrants to be so issued shall be
                             determined on the basis of $0.10 per share. If the
                             total of $7 million (or, in the event that the
                             November Bridge Funding is not provided, $7.5
                             million) is invested in Convertible Preferred
                             Stock, the number of warrants issued shall be
                             exercisable for 70 million (or, in the event that
                             the November Bridge Funding is not provided, 75
                             million) shares of Convertible Preferred Stock. The
                             exercise price of such Preferred Stock Warrants
                             shall be the lesser of $0.10 per share (subject to
                             adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and
                             the like) and 35% discount to the average closing
                             price during the twenty trading days prior to the
                             First Closing; provided, however, that in no event
                             will the exercise price be less than $.04 per share
                             (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock
                             dividends and the like). The exercise period shall
                             commence upon issuance of the Preferred Stock
                             Warrants, and shall continue for a period of seven
                             (7) years after their respective issuance dates.

Tax Treatment of Warrants:   The Company and the purchasers of the Convertible
                             Preferred Stock shall agree upon the fair market
                             value of the Preferred Stock Warrants, and the
                             Company shall make all of its tax filings on this
                             basis, and instruct its accountants and other
                             tax-preparation professionals to prepare all tax
                             filings and returns on the basis of the foregoing.

Right of First Refusal:      Investor shall have a right of first refusal to
                             purchase up to $15 million of the Convertible
                             Preferred Stock. This right of first refusal shall
                             apply at each closing during the Equity Financing
                             Period, until the $15 million amount is reached.
                             Such purchases shall be determined in addition to,
                             and shall not be deemed to include, any purchases
                             of Convertible Preferred Stock by Investor
                             (including its designees) through conversion of
                             Bridge Funding, or exercise of any warrants or
                             similar instruments. Such right of first refusal
                             shall apply regardless of whether or not Investor
                             leads the financing during any part of the Equity
                             Financing Period.

Conditions to Closings:      The following conditions shall apply to each
                             closing for the purchase and sale of Convertible
                             Preferred Stock. Each such condition must be
                             satisfied or waived, and such satisfaction and/or
                             waiver of each such condition shall be determined
                             by Investor and, as applicable, Other Investors in
                             their respective sole discretion, individually and
                             not jointly.

                             -    The Company shall have in all material
                                  respects performed, and be in compliance with,
                                  all obligations, agreements, covenants,
                                  closing conditions and other provisions
                                  contained in the Amended and Restated
                                  Recapitalization Agreement by and between the
                                  parties hereto dated July 30, 2004, as amended
                                  on October 22, 2004 (the "Recapitalization
                                  Agreement"), the Notes evidencing Bridge
                                  Funding (to the extent any such notes remain
                                  outstanding), and the other Related
                                  Recapitalization.
</TABLE>

                                       A-2

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                          <C>
                                  Documents including, without limitation, the
                                  financing documents associated with the
                                  issuance of the Convertible Preferred Stock
                                  (the "Financing Documents"), required to be
                                  performed or fulfilled on or before the
                                  applicable closing date.

                             -    All representations and warranties set forth
                                  in the Recapitalization Agreement, the Notes
                                  evidencing Bridge Funding (to the extent any
                                  such notes remain outstanding), and the other
                                  Related Recapitalization Documents shall be
                                  true and complete as of each closing.

                             -    There shall have been no change that has had
                                  or is reasonably likely to have a material
                                  adverse effect on the business, affairs,
                                  prospects, operations, properties, assets,
                                  liabilities, structure or condition, financial
                                  or otherwise, of the Company (as such business
                                  is presently conducted and/or as it is
                                  proposed to be conducted) between the date of
                                  the Recapitalization Agreement and each
                                  closing of purchases of Convertible Preferred
                                  Stock.

                             -    All corporate and other proceedings, and all
                                  documents relating to the issuance and sale of
                                  Convertible Preferred Stock pursuant to the
                                  Recapitalization Agreement shall be
                                  satisfactory in substance and form to Investor
                                  and Other Investors, as applicable. Investor's
                                  counsel and each Other Investors' counsel (if
                                  applicable) shall have received all such
                                  counterpart originals or certified or other
                                  copies of such documents as they may have
                                  requested including, without limitation:

                                  -    The resolutions of the Board of Directors
                                       of the Company, authorizing and approving
                                       all matters in connection with the sale
                                       of the Convertible Preferred Stock
                                       certified by the Secretary of the Company
                                       as of the Closing Date.

                                  -    All stockholder consents, votes or other
                                       approval required by applicable state or
                                       federal law (including any and all SEC
                                       rules and regulations) and any consents
                                       required by applicable securities
                                       exchanges or markets or corporate
                                       partners required to authorize and
                                       approve all matters in connection with
                                       the sale of Convertible Preferred Stock
                                       as contemplated by this term sheet.

                                  -    The Company shall have executed,
                                       delivered and maintained in force (i) a
                                       Convertible Preferred Stock purchase
                                       agreement, (ii) an Investors' Rights
                                       Agreement, (iii) an amended and restated
                                       certificate of incorporation (or if
                                       appropriate, a certificate of
                                       designation), (iv) a voting agreement, if
                                       applicable, and (v) such other documents
                                       as may be necessary or desirable in the
                                       determination of Investor and Other
                                       Investors, as applicable.

                                  -    The Investor and Other Investors shall
                                       have received from counsel
</TABLE>

                                       A-3

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                          <C>
                                       to the Company an opinion letter
                                       containing opinions customary for
                                       transactions similar to the Proposed
                                       Equity Financing in the form reasonably
                                       acceptable to Investor and Other
                                       Investors (including, but not limited to,
                                       an opinion that the issuance of the
                                       Convertible Preferred Stock, the
                                       Preferred Stock Warrants and the
                                       securities issuable upon conversion
                                       and/or exercise thereof pursuant to the
                                       Proposed Equity Financing are exempt from
                                       the registration provisions of the
                                       federal and state securities laws).

                                  -    The Company shall have taken all
                                       necessary steps to set the number of
                                       directors on the Company's board of
                                       directors at seven (7) and elect
                                       directors according to the "Board of
                                       Directors" section below, including,
                                       without limitation, execution of a Voting
                                       Agreement if necessary or desirable in
                                       the determination of Investor and Other
                                       Investors, as applicable.

                                  -    The Company shall have delivered a
                                       certificate of its Chief Executive
                                       Officer, or other authorized and
                                       responsible officer of the Company
                                       acceptable to Investor and Other
                                       Investors, as applicable, in their
                                       respective sole discretion, certifying
                                       that all closing conditions have been
                                       fulfilled and that all representations
                                       and warranties are applicable and true as
                                       of the date of such closing.

                                  -    The Company shall have provided prior to
                                       the applicable closing date all due
                                       diligence information requested by any
                                       investor, and/or necessary to enable such
                                       investor to complete a thorough due
                                       diligence review and obtain a complete
                                       and accurate understanding of the
                                       business, operations, prospects, assets,
                                       liabilities, structure, legal aspects and
                                       condition, financial or otherwise, of the
                                       Company.

                                  -    Within the six month period prior to any
                                       closing of Convertible Preferred Stock,
                                       the Company shall not have entered into,
                                       increased, expanded, extended, renewed or
                                       reinstated (or agreed, promised,
                                       committed or undertaken to do so), any
                                       severance, separation, retention, change
                                       of control or similar agreement with any
                                       employee, other than such agreements
                                       entered into with the prior written
                                       approval of Investor and Other Investors,
                                       as applicable.

                                  -    Within the six month period prior to any
                                       closing of Convertible Preferred Stock,
                                       the Company shall not have hired, or
                                       agreed to hire, any employee or engaged,
                                       or agreed to engage, any consultant,
                                       independent contractor or any other
                                       non-employee personnel, except in
                                       accordance with the Company's budget that
                                       has been approved by the Company's board
                                       of directors and the Investor and Other
                                       Investors, as applicable;
</TABLE>

                                       A-4

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                          <C>
                                  -    Within the six month period prior to any
                                       closing of Convertible Preferred Stock,
                                       the Company shall not have purchased,
                                       leased, hired, rented or otherwise
                                       acquired directly or indirectly any
                                       rights in or to any asset or facility in
                                       an amount in excess of $10,000, or
                                       agreed, promised or committed to do so,
                                       except in accordance with the Company's
                                       budget that has been approved by the
                                       Company's board of directors and the
                                       Investor and Other Investors, as
                                       applicable.

                                  -    [***]*

                                  -    All Intellectual Property licenses,
                                       agreements, patent applications and
                                       filings shall be current and in good
                                       standing.

                                  -    The Company shall have obtained the
                                       approval of the required number of its
                                       stockholders (the Company shall be
                                       obligated to use its best efforts in good
                                       faith comply with these terms and
                                       conditions to obtain stockholder consent
                                       and, in the event that it uses its best
                                       efforts in good faith to do so and fails
                                       to achieve stockholder approval, the
                                       Company shall not be required to sell the
                                       Convertible Preferred Stock).

                                  -    The satisfaction of other customary
                                       conditions of transactions of this sort
                                       that Investor may reasonably require.

Conversion:                  The Convertible Preferred Stock shall be
                             convertible at any time, in whole or in part, at
                             the option of the holder (without any further
                             payment by the holder) into Common Stock of the
                             Company. The initial conversion ratio shall be one
                             share of Common Stock for each share of Convertible
                             Preferred Stock (the "Conversion Ratio"). The
                             Conversion Ratio shall be subject to appropriate
                             adjustment in the event of (i) any subdivision or
                             combination of the Company's outstanding Common
                             Stock, (ii) any distribution by the Company of a
                             stock dividend or assets, (iii) any capital
                             reorganization or reclassification of the Company
                             affecting the conversion price, or other similar
                             transactions, as applicable. The Conversion Ratio
                             shall also be subject to adjustment pursuant to the
                             anti-dilution provisions (below).

Rights, Preferences,         (1) Dividends: A cumulative dividend shall accrue
Privileges and               at the rate of 10% per annum, compounding quarterly
Restrictions:                on the Convertible Preferred Stock. No dividends
                             shall be paid on the Common or any other securities
                             issued by the Company other than the Convertible
                             Preferred Stock. Dividends shall be payable as and
                             when determined
</TABLE>

----------
*    Confidential Treatment Requested.

                                       A-5

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                          <C>

                             by the Board of Directors, and upon the occurrence
                             of a liquidation. A liquidation shall be deemed to
                             include, without limitation, a merger resulting in
                             a change in control of the Company, sale of all or
                             substantially all of the assets of the Company, or
                             transfer of control (not including any transfer of
                             control that is the result of the sale and issuance
                             of the Convertible Preferred Stock contemplated
                             hereunder, the conversion of any of the Bridge
                             Funding or exercise of any Bridge Warrants or
                             Preferred Stock Warrants).

                             (2) Liquidation Preference: In the event of
                             liquidation or winding up of the Company, the
                             holders of shares of Convertible Preferred shall be
                             entitled (at such holders' option) to convert such
                             shares to Common Stock or to receive, in preference
                             to the holders of Common, (i) an amount equal to
                             the original purchase price with respect to such
                             Convertible Preferred Stock, plus (ii) (to the
                             extent of current and/or retained earnings) any
                             dividends accrued but not paid on such Convertible
                             Preferred Stock, or such lesser amount as is the
                             maximum amount acceptable under applicable SBA and
                             SEC rules and regulations. Thereafter, all
                             remaining assets shall be distributed pro-rata to
                             the holders of Common Stock and all Convertible
                             Preferred Stock on an as converted basis. A
                             liquidation shall be deemed to include, without
                             limitation, a merger resulting in a change in
                             control of the Company, sale of all or
                             substantially all of the assets of the Company, or
                             transfer of control (not including any transfer of
                             control that is the result of the sale and issuance
                             of the Convertible Preferred Stock contemplated
                             hereunder, the conversion of any of the Bridge
                             Funding or exercise of any Bridge Warrants or
                             Preferred Stock Warrants).

                             (3) Anti-dilution: Notwithstanding anything herein
                             to the contrary, except for issuances to management
                             and employees, which must be approved by the Board
                             pursuant to written benefit plans, and except for
                             issuances relating to the Bridge Funding under the
                             Recapitalization Agreement, if the Company issues
                             (or, directly or indirectly promises, commits, or
                             undertakes to issue) any additional securities or
                             instruments at a nominal or effective purchase
                             price less than the price resulting from the
                             application of the Conversion Ratio, calculated on
                             a fully diluted basis with respect to the
                             Convertible Preferred Stock, then the Conversion
                             Ratio of such Convertible Preferred Stock shall be
                             reduced on a full ratchet basis to eliminate the
                             effect of such dilutive issuance on such
                             Convertible Preferred Stock.

                             (4) Protective Provisions: Until fewer than
                             1,000,000 shares of Convertible Preferred Stock are
                             outstanding (as adjusted for stock splits, stock
                             dividends and the like), the Company shall not,
                             without the approval of the Board of Directors and
                             the affirmative vote or written consent of the
                             holders of a majority of the then outstanding
                             shares of Convertible Preferred Stock: (i)
                             authorize or issue (including, without limitation,
                             by way of recapitalization), or obligate itself to
                             authorize or issue, any equity security of the
                             Corporation, or any other security exercisable for
                             or convertible into an equity security of the
                             Corporation, that has redemption rights or that is
                             senior to or on parity with the Convertible
                             Preferred Stock as to dividend rights, voting
                             rights, liquidation preferences or any other
</TABLE>

                                       A-6

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                          <C>
                             rights, preferences or privileges; (ii) increase or
                             decrease (other than by conversion) the total
                             number of authorized shares of Convertible
                             Preferred Stock or Common Stock; (iii) effect any
                             sale, lease, assignment, transfer or other
                             conveyance or encumbrance of all or substantially
                             all of the assets of the Corporation or any of its
                             subsidiaries in one or more related transactions,
                             or any consolidation or merger resulting in a
                             change in control of the Company, or any
                             reclassification, recapitalization or other change
                             of any capital stock of the Corporation; (iv)
                             change the authorized number of directors of the
                             Corporation; (v) amend or repeal the Certificate
                             (including by way of any Certificate of
                             Designation) or the Corporation's Bylaws; (vi)
                             redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire (or pay into
                             or set aside for a sinking fund for such purpose)
                             any of the Common Stock or common stock
                             equivalents; provided, however, that this
                             restriction shall not apply to the repurchase of up
                             to a maximum of $100,000 of Common Stock per year
                             from employees, officers, directors, consultants,
                             advisors or other persons performing services for
                             the Corporation, pursuant to agreements under which
                             the Corporation has the option to repurchase such
                             shares at cost upon the occurrence of certain
                             events, such as the termination of employment;
                             (vii) effect the liquidation, dissolution or
                             winding up of the Corporation; or (viii) agree,
                             promise, commit or undertake to do any of the
                             foregoing.

                             (5) Voting Rights: The holders of Convertible
                             Preferred will have the right to that number of
                             votes equal to the number of shares of Common Stock
                             issuable upon conversion of such Preferred Stock.

Private Placement:           The Convertible Preferred Stock shall not be
                             registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as
                             amended (the "Act") and may not be resold without
                             such registration or an exemption under the
                             provisions of the Act. The Convertible Preferred
                             Stock shall be sold only to "accredited investors,"
                             as defined in Regulation D under the Act.

Registration Rights          At the request of Investor, the Company will use
                             its best efforts to prepare and file, within 60
                             days following the First Closing and each
                             Subsequent Closing, a registration statement on
                             Form SB-2 or Form S-1 (or if Form S-3 is available,
                             on Form S-3) (the "Registration Statement") for the
                             resale of the shares of Common Stock issuable to
                             the Investor and Other Investors upon conversion of
                             the Convertible Preferred Stock and upon exercise
                             of the Warrants, and use its commercially
                             reasonable efforts to cause the Registration
                             Statement to become effective within 120 days after
                             such closing. The Company agrees to make such
                             filings as are necessary to keep the Registration
                             Statement effective until the earlier of (A) the
                             date that the investors have completed the
                             distribution related to the Common Stock, or (B)
                             such time that all Common Stock then held by the
                             investors (including shares of Common Stock
                             issuable upon conversion of Preferred Stock held by
                             the investors) can be sold without compliance with
                             the registration requirements of the Securities Act
                             pursuant to Rule 144(k) under the Securities Act.
</TABLE>

                                       A-7

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                          <C>
                             Liquidated Damages: In the event that the Company
                             shall fail to cause the Registration Statement to
                             be timely filed, timely declared effective, or to
                             be kept effective (other than pursuant to customary
                             permissible suspension periods), the Company shall
                             pay as liquidated damages the amount of 1% per
                             month of the aggregate purchase price for the
                             securities remaining to be sold pursuant to the
                             Registration Statement or such lesser amount that
                             is the maximum permitted under applicable SBA rules
                             and regulations.

                             In the event that the Company's Common Stock is no
                             longer registered under the Securities Exchange Act
                             of 1934, as amended following completion of the
                             First Closing, or for any reason the Company does
                             not register for resale all shares of Common into
                             which the Convertible Preferred converts, as
                             provided for above, Investor and each Other
                             Investor shall have the following registration
                             rights with respect to the Common Stock into which
                             such investor's Convertible Preferred converts:

                                  (1) Demand Registration Rights. If, at any
                                  time after the initial purchase of the
                                  Convertible Preferred Stock, holders of at
                                  least 20% of the Common Stock issued or
                                  issuable upon conversion of the Convertible
                                  Preferred Stock request that the Company file
                                  a Registration Statement covering at least 10%
                                  of the Common issued or issuable upon
                                  conversion of the Convertible Preferred (or
                                  any lesser percentage if the anticipated
                                  aggregate offering price would exceed
                                  $2,000,000), the Company shall cause the
                                  shares attributable to the Convertible
                                  Preferred Stock to be registered. The Company
                                  shall not be obligated to effect more than two
                                  registrations per year under these demand
                                  right provisions.

                                  (2) Registration on Form S-3: Holders of
                                  Common issued or issuable upon conversion of
                                  the Convertible Preferred Stock shall have the
                                  right to require the Company to file unlimited
                                  Registration Statements on Form S-3 (or any
                                  equivalent successor form), provided the
                                  Company is otherwise eligible to use Form S-3
                                  for such a registration and the anticipated
                                  aggregate offering price in each registration
                                  on Form S-3 exceeds $1,000,000.

                                  (3) Piggy-Back Registration: Holders of Common
                                  issued or issuable upon conversion of the
                                  Convertible Preferred Stock shall be entitled
                                  to unlimited 'piggy-back' registration rights
                                  on all registrations of the Company.

                                  (4) Transfer of Registration Rights: The
                                  registration rights may be transferred to any
                                  transferee permitted under applicable Federal
                                  and state securities laws, provided that the
                                  Company is given written notice thereof and
                                  provided that the transferee agrees in writing
                                  to be bound by the terms of the stock purchase
                                  agreement and other agreements relating to
                                  this transaction.
</TABLE>

                                       A-8

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                          <C>
                                  (5) Costs: The Company shall bear all expenses
                                  relating to all such preparation and filings.

                                  (6) Indemnification: The Company shall provide
                                  the Investors with the maximum indemnification
                                  allowed under applicable law with regard to
                                  the registration rights.

Regulatory Costs             The Company shall be responsible for completing and
                             shall bear all costs associated with all regulatory
                             filings that are necessary in connection with the
                             transactions described herein, including, without
                             limitation, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
                             filings (whether these filings are made by the
                             Company, the purchasers of the Convertible
                             Preferred Stock or their affiliates), blue sky
                             filings and/or other necessary filings under
                             applicable securities market or exchange rules and
                             regulations.

Board of Directors:          The authorized number of directors shall be seven
                             (7). Four (4) of the seven directors shall be
                             designated by the holders of a majority of the
                             Convertible Preferred Stock, two (2) of the
                             directors shall be outsiders with significant
                             industry experience who are reasonably acceptable
                             to the holders of a majority of the Convertible
                             Preferred Stock, and one (1) of the directors shall
                             be the CEO of the Company.

D&O Insurance:               As promptly as practicable after the First Closing,
                             the Company shall use best efforts to obtain and
                             maintain in force $10 million in director and
                             officer liability insurance coverage.

SBA Provisions:              The Company shall make such representations,
                             warranties and covenants, and shall provide such
                             documentation and information rights as may be
                             necessary (e.g., certification that at the time of
                             Investor's investment the Company is a "small"
                             business, has the majority of its operations in the
                             US, and is not engaged in oil and gas exploration,
                             movie production or certain other prohibited
                             activities), to satisfy the requirements of the SBA
                             in regard to investment by Investor in the Company.

Documentation:               The purchase of the Convertible Preferred Stock
                             shall be made pursuant to a Stock Purchase
                             Agreement, Investor Rights Agreement, Voting
                             Agreement (if applicable) and Amended and Restated
                             Certificate of Incorporation (or if appropriate,
                             certificate of designation) to be drafted by
                             counsel to the Investor. Such agreements and other
                             documents shall contain, among other things,
                             appropriate representations and warranties
                             (including, without limitation, reps and warranties
                             concerning the Intellectual Property, the financial
                             condition of the Company, the absence of litigation
                             or threats thereof, and full disclosure of all
                             material information), covenants, protective
                             provisions, and conditions of closing including
                             those noted above.
</TABLE>

                                       A-9

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                          <C>
Miscellaneous:               Customary provisions, including applicable law
                             (Delaware), severability, assignment (except as
                             provided under the rights of first refusal above,
                             holders of Convertible Preferred Stock shall be
                             free to assign or transfer their Convertible
                             Preferred Stock or rights hereunder to any party
                             permitted under applicable federal and state
                             securities laws, as long as transferee agrees to
                             the terms and obligations of the Convertible
                             Preferred Stock, respectively), etc.

Transaction Expenses:        The Company shall pay, reimburse or otherwise
                             satisfy, upon demand of Investor, all fees, costs
                             and expenses incurred and/or undertaken by Investor
                             relating to the preparation for, development of and
                             implementation of the Recapitalization Plan set
                             forth in the Recapitalization Agreement, including,
                             without limitation, all due diligence expenses and
                             all expenses relating to the Bridge Funding and the
                             Anticipated Equity Financing and the transactions
                             contemplated hereby and by the Recapitalization
                             Agreement and the documentation of all of the
                             foregoing (including, without limitation all legal
                             fees and expenses). This obligation shall apply
                             regardless of whether or not all of the
                             transactions contemplated in the Recapitalization
                             Agreement close. At each closing of the Anticipated
                             Equity Financing, at Investor's sole discretion,
                             and with respect to any or all of such fees, costs
                             and expenses accrued through such closing, the
                             Company shall (a) pay Investor in cash concurrently
                             with such closing (or at Investor's sole
                             discretion, Investor may withhold such amount from
                             the wire of investments proceeds), (b) issue a
                             promissory note in the form of the Notes in
                             principal amount equal to such fees, costs and
                             expenses; or (c) treat such fees, costs and
                             expenses as an unsecured payable. At any time
                             following such closing, Investor may require any
                             amounts that it elected to have the Company treat
                             as unsecured amounts payable to be paid in cash or
                             satisfied by issuance of a Note in the principal
                             amount of some or all of such unsecured obligation.

Cross-default:               The Company acknowledges that the financing
                             contemplated by this term sheet is part of an
                             integrated Recapitalization Plan, as set forth in
                             the Recapitalization Agreement. The Company further
                             acknowledges and agrees that this term sheet is
                             subject to all terms and conditions set forth in
                             the Recapitalization Agreement and the other
                             Related Recapitalization Documents and that the
                             Recapitalization Agreement and the other Related
                             Recapitalization Documents are subject to all terms
                             and conditions set forth in this Term Sheet. The
                             Company agrees that any default by the Company
                             under any provision of this Term Sheet, the
                             Recapitalization Agreement or any of the other
                             Related Recapitalization Documents will constitute
                             a default under this Term Sheet, each other Related
                             Recapitalization Document and the Recapitalization
                             Agreement.

Standstill/exclusivity:      The standstill/exclusivity provision in the
                             Recapitalization Agreement shall remain in full
                             force and effect during the Equity Financing
                             Period.

Termination                  The Company's obligations to issue any securities
                             in connection with the Anticipated Equity Financing
                             may terminate only in accordance with Section 3.2
                             of the Recapitalization Agreement; however, such
                             termination shall not have any
</TABLE>

                                      A-10

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                          <C>

                             impact on the other rights and obligations of the
                             parties under the Recapitalization Agreement or the
                             Related Recapitalization Documents, except as
                             explicitly set forth in Section 3.2 of the
                             Recapitalization Agreement.

No Offer                     For purposes of applicable securities laws, this
                             Term Sheet does not constitute an offer to sell or
                             the solicitation of an offer to buy any of the
                             securities described herein.

Binding Agreement            This Term Sheet constitutes a binding commitment on
                             the part of the Company. The obligations of
                             Investor and Other Investors under this Term Sheet
                             are subject to the conditions contained herein and
                             in the Related Recapitalization Documents.
</TABLE>

                                        AGREED AND ACCEPTED:

TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP              NORTHWEST
                                        BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

By: /s/ Linda Powers                    By: /s/ Alton Boynton
    ---------------------------------       ------------------------------------
Name: Linda F. Powers                   Name: Alton Boynton
Title: Managing Director                Title: President

Date: October 22, 2004                  Date: October 22, 2004

                                      A-11
<PAGE>

              AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET

     This AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET (this
"AMENDMENT") is made effective as of December 27, 2004 by and between NORTHWEST
BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("TOUCAN").

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Toucan are party to that certain Binding
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet originally dated April 26, 2004 and
amended and restated on October 22, 2004 (as so amended and restated, the
"CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET").

     WHEREAS, concurrently herewith, the Company and its affiliates, if any, and
Toucan and its designees, are entering into Amendment No. 3 (the "THIRD
AMENDMENT") to that certain Amended and Restated Recapitalization Agreement by
and between the parties thereto; and

     WHEREAS, in connection with the Third Amendment, the Company and Toucan
desire to amend the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet as provided herein.

                                    AGREEMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the
Company and Toucan agree as follows:

     1. The paragraph of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet entitled
"Warrants:" is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

     "The Company shall issue $6.75 million in warrant coverage on the first
     $6.75 million Convertible Preferred Stock purchased for cash (the
     "Preferred Stock Warrants"). Preferred Stock Warrants shall not be issued
     upon conversion of notes, exercise of warrants, or other conversion or
     exercise. The number of warrants to be so issued shall be determined on the
     basis of $0.10 per share. If the total of $6.75 million is invested in
     Convertible Preferred Stock, the number of warrants issued shall be
     exercisable for 67.5 million shares of Convertible Preferred Stock. The
     exercise price of such Preferred Stock Warrants shall be the lesser of
     $0.10 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends
     and the like) and 35% discount to the average closing price during the
     twenty trading days prior to the First Closing; provided, however, that in
     no event will the exercise price be less than $.04 per share (subject to
     adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like). The exercise
     period shall commence upon issuance of the Preferred Stock Warrants, and
     shall continue for a period of seven (7) years after their respective
     issuance dates."

     2. The thirteenth bullet in the paragraph entitled "Conditions to Closing"
of the Convertible Preferred Stock term Sheet is hereby deleted in its entirety
and shall not be a

<PAGE>

condition precedent to the obligation of any Investor to Purchase Convertible
Preferred Stock from the Company.

     3. Unless specifically modified or changed by the terms of this Amendment,
all terms and conditions of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet shall
remain in effect and shall apply fully as described and set forth in the
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet.

     4. This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute
one and the same instrument.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                       2.

<PAGE>

     The Company and Toucan have executed this AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED
BINDING TERM SHEET as of the day and year first written above.

TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P.            NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

By: /s/ Linda Powers                    By: /s/ Alton Boynton
    ---------------------------------       ------------------------------------
Name: Linda Powers                      Name: Alton L. Boynton
Title: Managing Director                Title: President

                                       3.

<PAGE>

                SECOND AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING
                                   TERM SHEET

     This SECOND AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET (this
"AMENDMENT") is made effective as of January 26, 2005 by and between NORTHWEST
BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("TOUCAN").

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Toucan are party to that certain Binding
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet originally dated April 26, 2004 and
amended and restated on October 22, 2004 as further amended on December 27, 2004
(the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET").

     WHEREAS, concurrently herewith, the Company and its affiliates, if any, and
Toucan and its designees, are entering into Amendment No. 4 (the "FOURTH
AMENDMENT") to that certain Amended and Restated Recapitalization Agreement by
and between the parties thereto; and

     WHEREAS, in connection with the Fourth Amendment, the Company and Toucan
desire to amend the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet as provided herein.

                                    AGREEMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the
Company and Toucan agree as follows:

     1. The paragraph of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet entitled
"Board of Directors:" is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

     "The authorized number of directors shall initially be one (1). The
     authorized number of directors may not be increased or decreased without
     the consent of the holders of a majority of the shares of Convertible
     Preferred Stock. The holders of a majority of the shares of Convertible
     Preferred Stock, acting in their sole discretion, may require the Company
     to increase the total number of authorized directors at any time following
     the first closing of the Convertible Preferred Stock, up to a maximum of
     seven (7) directors. Subject to the limitation in the following sentence,
     any newly created directorships shall be designated by the holders of a
     majority of the shares of Convertible Preferred Stock, acting in their sole
     discretion, to be filled by either: (i) an outside director with
     significant industry experience, who is reasonably acceptable to the
     holders of a majority of the Convertible Preferred Stock, to be elected by
     the holders of the Company's Common Stock (which may, subject to applicable
     law, the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, be filled initially by
     vote of the remaining director(s)) (a "COMMON DIRECTORSHIP"); or (ii) a
     director to be designated by the holders of a majority of the Convertible
     Preferred Stock (a "PREFERRED

<PAGE>

     DIRECTORSHIP"). Notwithstanding the foregoing, no more than four (4)
     directorships shall be designated as Preferred Directorships, no more than
     two (2) directorships shall be designated as Common Directorships, and one
     (1) director shall be the chief executive officer of the Company."

     2. Unless specifically modified or changed by the terms of this Amendment,
all terms and conditions of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet shall
remain in effect and shall apply fully as described and set forth in the
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet.

     3. This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute
one and the same instrument.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                       2.

<PAGE>

     The Company and Toucan have executed this SECOND AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND
RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET as of the day and year first written above.

TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P.            NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

By: /s/ Linda Powers                    By: /s/ Alton Boynton
    ---------------------------------       ------------------------------------
Name: Linda Powers                      Name: Alton L. Boynton
Title: Managing Director                Title: President

                                       3.

<PAGE>

                 THIRD AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING
                                   TERM SHEET

     This THIRD AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET (this
"AMENDMENT") is made effective as of April 12, 2005 by and between NORTHWEST
BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("TOUCAN").

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Toucan are party to that certain Binding
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet originally dated April 26, 2004 and
amended and restated on October 22, 2004 as further amended on December 27, 2004
and January 26, 2005 (the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET").

     WHEREAS, concurrently herewith, the Company and its affiliates, if any, and
Toucan and its designees, are entering into Amendment No. 5 (the "FIFTH
AMENDMENT") to that certain Amended and Restated Recapitalization Agreement by
and between the parties thereto; and

     WHEREAS, in connection with the Fifth Amendment, the Company and Toucan
desire to amend the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet as provided herein.

                                    AGREEMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the
Company and Toucan agree as follows:

     1. The paragraph of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet entitled
"Warrants:" is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

     "The Company shall issue $6.3 million in warrant coverage on the first $6.3
     million Convertible Preferred Stock purchased for cash (the "Preferred
     Stock Warrants"). Preferred Stock Warrants shall not be issued upon
     conversion of notes, exercise of warrants, or other conversion or exercise.
     The number of warrants to be so issued shall be determined on the basis of
     $0.10 per share. If the total of $6.3 million is invested in Convertible
     Preferred Stock, the number of warrants issued shall be exercisable for 63
     million shares of Convertible Preferred Stock. The exercise price of such
     Preferred Stock Warrants shall be $.04 per share (subject to adjustment for
     stock splits, stock dividends and the like). The exercise period shall
     commence upon issuance of the Preferred Stock Warrants, and shall continue
     for a period of seven (7) years after their respective issuance dates."

     2. Unless specifically modified or changed by the terms of this Amendment,
all terms and conditions of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet shall
remain in effect and shall apply fully as described and set forth in the
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet.

<PAGE>

     3. This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute
one and the same instrument.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                       2.

<PAGE>

      The Company and Toucan have executed this THIRD AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND
RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET as of the day and year first written above.

TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P.            NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

By: /s/ Linda Powers                    By: /s/ Alton Boynton
    ---------------------------------       ------------------------------------
Name: Linda Powers                      Name: Alton L. Boynton
Title: Managing Director                Title: President

                                       3.

<PAGE>

                FOURTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING
                                   TERM SHEET

          This FOURTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET (this
"AMENDMENT") is made effective as of May 13, 2005 by and between NORTHWEST
BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("TOUCAN").

                                    RECITALS

          WHEREAS, the Company and Toucan are party to that certain Binding
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet originally dated April 26, 2004 and
amended and restated on October 22, 2004 as further amended on December 27,
2004, January 26, 2005 and April 12, 2005 (the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM
SHEET").

          WHEREAS, concurrently herewith, the Company and its affiliates, if
any, and Toucan and its designees, are entering into Amendment No. 6 (the "SIXTH
AMENDMENT") to that certain Amended and Restated Recapitalization Agreement by
and between the parties thereto; and

          WHEREAS, in connection with the Sixth Amendment, the Company and
Toucan desire to amend the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet as provided
herein.

                                    AGREEMENT

          NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the
Company and Toucan agree as follows:

          1. The paragraph of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet
entitled "Warrants:" is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

          "The Company shall issue $5.85 million in warrant coverage on the
          first $5.85 million Convertible Preferred Stock purchased for cash
          (the "Preferred Stock Warrants"). Preferred Stock Warrants shall not
          be issued upon conversion of notes, exercise of warrants, or other
          conversion or exercise. The number of warrants to be so issued shall
          be determined on the basis of $0.10 per share. If the total of $5.85
          million is invested in Convertible Preferred Stock, the number of
          warrants issued shall be exercisable for 58.5 million shares of
          Convertible Preferred Stock. The exercise price of such Preferred
          Stock Warrants shall be $.04 per share (subject to adjustment for
          stock splits, stock dividends and the like). The exercise period shall
          commence upon issuance of the Preferred Stock Warrants, and shall
          continue for a period of seven (7) years after their respective
          issuance dates."

          2. Unless specifically modified or changed by the terms of this
Amendment, all terms and conditions of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term
Sheet shall remain in effect and shall apply fully as described and set forth in
the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet.

          3. This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute
one and the same instrument.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

<PAGE>

          The Company and Toucan have executed this FOURTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED
AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET as of the day and year first written above.

TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P.            NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

By:                                     By:
    ---------------------------------       ------------------------------------
Name: Linda Powers                      Name: Alton L. Boynton
Title: Managing Director                Title: President

<PAGE>

                 FIFTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING
                                   TERM SHEET

     This FIFTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET (this
"AMENDMENT") is made effective as of June 16, 2005 by and between NORTHWEST
BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("TOUCAN").

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Toucan are party to that certain Binding
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet originally dated April 26, 2004 and
amended and restated on October 22, 2004 as further amended on December 27,
2004, January 26, 2005, April 12, 2005 and May 13, 2005 (the "CONVERTIBLE
PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET").

     WHEREAS, concurrently herewith, the Company and its affiliates, if any, and
Toucan and its designees, are entering into Amendment No. 7 (the "SEVENTH
AMENDMENT") to that certain Amended and Restated Recapitalization Agreement by
and between the parties thereto; and

     WHEREAS, in connection with the Seventh Amendment, the Company and Toucan
desire to amend the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet as provided herein.

                                    AGREEMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the
Company and Toucan agree as follows:

     1. The paragraph of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet entitled
"Warrants:" is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

     "The Company shall issue $5.35 million in warrant coverage on the first
     $5.35 million Convertible Preferred Stock purchased for cash (the
     "Preferred Stock Warrants"). Preferred Stock Warrants shall not be issued
     upon conversion of notes, exercise of warrants, or other conversion or
     exercise. The number of warrants to be so issued shall be determined on the
     basis of $0.10 per share. If the total of $5.35 million is invested in
     Convertible Preferred Stock, the number of warrants issued shall be
     exercisable for 53.5 million shares of Convertible Preferred Stock. The
     exercise price of such Preferred Stock Warrants shall be $.04 per share
     (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like). The
     exercise period shall commence upon issuance of the Preferred Stock
     Warrants, and shall continue for a period of seven (7) years after their
     respective

<PAGE>

     issuance dates."

     2. Unless specifically modified or changed by the terms of this Amendment,
all terms and conditions of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet shall
remain in effect and shall apply fully as described and set forth in the
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet.

     3. This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute
one and the same instrument.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                       2.

<PAGE>

     The Company and Toucan have executed this FIFTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND
RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET as of the day and year first written above.

TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P.            NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

By:                                     By:
    ---------------------------------       ------------------------------------
Name: Linda Powers                      Name: Alton L. Boynton
Title: Managing Director                Title: President

                                       3.

<PAGE>

                 SIXTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING
                                   TERM SHEET

          This SIXTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET (this
"AMENDMENT") is made effective as of July 26, 2005 by and between NORTHWEST
BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("TOUCAN").

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Toucan are party to that certain Binding
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet originally dated April 26, 2004 and
amended and restated on October 22, 2004 as further amended on December 27,
2004, January 26, 2005, April 12, 2005, May 13, 2005 and June 16, 2005 (the
"CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET").

                                        1

<PAGE>

     WHEREAS, concurrently herewith, the Company and its affiliates, if any, and
Toucan and its designees, are entering into Amendment No. 8 (the "EIGHTH
AMENDMENT") to that certain Amended and Restated Recapitalization Agreement by
and between the parties thereto; and

     WHEREAS, in connection with the Eighth Amendment, the Company and Toucan
desire to amend the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet as provided herein.

                                    AGREEMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the
Company and Toucan agree as follows:

     1. The paragraph of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet entitled
"Subsequent Closings:" is hereby amended by replacing the phrase "12 months
after the First Closing" with "December 31, 2006 (or such later date as is
mutually agreed by the parties hereto)" in the first sentence thereof.

     2. The paragraph of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet entitled
"Warrants:" is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

     "The Company shall issue $4.85 million in warrant coverage on the first
     $4.85 million Convertible Preferred Stock purchased for cash (the
     "Preferred Stock Warrants"). Preferred Stock Warrants shall not be issued
     upon conversion of notes, exercise of warrants, or other conversion or
     exercise. The number of warrants to be so issued shall be determined on the
     basis of $0.10 per share. If the total of $4.85 million is invested in
     Convertible Preferred Stock, the number of warrants issued shall be
     exercisable for 48.5 million shares of Convertible Preferred Stock. The
     exercise price of such Preferred Stock Warrants shall be $.04 per share
     (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like). The
     exercise period shall commence upon issuance of the Preferred Stock
     Warrants, and shall continue for a period of seven (7) years after their
     respective issuance dates."

     3. Unless specifically modified or changed by the terms of this Amendment,
all terms and conditions of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet shall
remain in effect and shall apply fully as described and set forth in the
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet.

     4. This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute
one and the same instrument.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                        2

<PAGE>

     The Company and Toucan have executed this SIXTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND
RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET as of the day and year first written above.

TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P.            NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

By:                                     By:
    ---------------------------------       ------------------------------------
Name: Linda Powers                      Name: Alton L. Boynton
Title: Managing Director                Title: President

                                        3

<PAGE>

                SEVENTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING
                                   TERM SHEET

          This SEVENTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET
(this "AMENDMENT") is made effective as of September 7, 2005 by and between
NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), and
TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("TOUCAN").

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Toucan are party to that certain Binding
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet originally dated April 26, 2004 and
amended and restated on October 22, 2004 as further amended on December 27,
2004, January 26, 2005, April 12, 2005, May 13, 2005, June 16, 2005 and July 26,
2005 (the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET").

     WHEREAS, concurrently herewith, the Company and its affiliates, if any, and
Toucan and its designees, are entering into Amendment No. 9 (the "NINTH
AMENDMENT") to that certain Amended and Restated Recapitalization Agreement by
and between the parties thereto; and

     WHEREAS, in connection with the Ninth Amendment, the Company and Toucan
desire to amend the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet as provided herein.

                                    AGREEMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the
Company and Toucan agree as follows:

     1. The paragraph of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet entitled
"Warrants:" is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

     "The Company shall issue $4.35 million in warrant coverage on the first
     $4.35 million Convertible Preferred Stock purchased for cash (the
     "Preferred Stock Warrants"). Preferred Stock Warrants shall not be issued
     upon conversion of notes, exercise of warrants, or other conversion or
     exercise. The number of warrants to be so issued shall be determined on the
     basis of $0.10 per share. If the total of $4.35 million is invested in
     Convertible Preferred Stock, the number of warrants issued shall be
     exercisable for 43.5 million shares of Convertible Preferred Stock. The
     exercise price of such Preferred Stock Warrants shall be $.04 per share
     (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like). The
     exercise period shall commence upon issuance of the Preferred Stock
     Warrants, and shall continue for a period of seven (7) years after their
     respective issuance dates."

     2. Unless specifically modified or changed by the terms of this Amendment,
all terms and conditions of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet shall
remain in effect and shall apply fully as described and set forth in the
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet.

     3. This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute
one and the same instrument.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                        1

<PAGE>

     The Company and Toucan have executed this SEVENTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND
RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET as of the day and year first written above.

TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P.            NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

By:                                     By:
    ---------------------------------       ------------------------------------
Name: Linda Powers                      Name: Alton L. Boynton
Title: Managing Director                Title: President

                                        2

<PAGE>

                EIGHTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING
                                   TERM SHEET

     This EIGHTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET (this
"AMENDMENT") is made effective as of November 14, 2005 by and between NORTHWEST
BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("TOUCAN").

                                    RECITALS

     WHEREAS, the Company and Toucan are party to that certain Binding
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet originally dated April 26, 2004 and
amended and restated on October 22, 2004 as further amended on December 27,
2004, January 26, 2005, April 12, 2005, May 13, 2005, June 16, 2005, July 26,
2005 and September 7, 2005 (the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET").

     WHEREAS, concurrently herewith, the Company and its affiliates, if any, and
Toucan and its designees, are entering into Amendment No. 10 (the "TENTH
AMENDMENT") to that certain Amended and Restated Recapitalization Agreement by
and between the parties thereto; and

     WHEREAS, in connection with the Tenth Amendment, the Company and Toucan
desire to amend the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet as provided herein.

                                    AGREEMENT

     NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the
Company and Toucan agree as follows:

     1. The paragraph of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet entitled
"Warrants:" is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

     "The Company shall issue $3.95 million in warrant coverage on the first
     $3.95 million Convertible Preferred Stock purchased for cash (the
     "Preferred Stock Warrants"). Preferred Stock Warrants shall not be issued
     upon conversion of notes, exercise of warrants, or other conversion or
     exercise. The number of warrants to be so issued shall be determined on the
     basis of $0.10 per share. If the total of $3.95 million is invested in
     Convertible Preferred Stock, the number of warrants issued shall be
     exercisable for 3.95 million shares of Convertible Preferred Stock. The
     exercise price of such Preferred Stock Warrants shall be $.04 per share
     (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like). The
     exercise period shall commence upon issuance of the Preferred Stock
     Warrants, and shall continue for a period of seven (7) years after their
     respective issuance dates."

     2. Unless specifically modified or changed by the terms of this Amendment,
all terms and conditions of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet shall
remain in effect and shall apply fully as described and set forth in the
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet.

     3. This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute
one and the same instrument.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

                                        1

<PAGE>

     The Company and Toucan have executed this EIGHTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND
RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET as of the day and year first written above.

TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P.            NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

By: /s/ Linda Powers                    By: /s/ Alton L. Boynton
    ---------------------------------       ------------------------------------
Name: Linda Powers                      Name: Alton L. Boynton
Title: Managing Director                Title: President

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