Document:

<PAGE>

                                                 Exhibit 10.18(b)

                   FIRST AMENDMENT TO LINE OF CREDIT AGREEMENT

         THIS FIRST AMENDMENT TO LINE OF CREDIT AGREEMENT (this "First
Amendment") dated as of October 30, 2001 is made and entered into by and between
GREATER BAY BANCORP, a California corporation ("Borrower"), and UNION BANK OF
CALIFORNIA, N.A., a national banking association ("Bank").

                                    RECITALS:
                                    --------

       A.     Borrower and Bank are parties to that certain Line of Credit
Agreement dated as of November 1, 2000 (the "Agreement").

       B. Borrower and Bank desire to amend the Agreement to reflect the
extension of the credit from October 30, 2001 to January 28, 2002 and to execute
Replacement Note. Bank is willing to agree to so amend the Agreement, subject,
however, to the terms and conditions of this First Amendment.

                                   AGREEMENT:
                                   ---------

       In consideration of the above recitals and of the mutual covenants and
conditions contained herein, Borrower and Bank agree as follows:

1.     Defined  Terms.  Initially  capitalized  terms used herein which are not
       --------------
otherwise  defined  shall have the  meanings  assigned thereto in the Agreement.

2.     Amendments to the Agreement.
       ---------------------------
       Section 1.1 of the Agreement is hereby amended so as to delete reference
to "October 30, 2001" as the Maturity Date and substitute "January 28, 2002" in
its place and stead. All references to "Maturity Date" in the Agreement shall
refer to " January 28, 2002" in the place and stead of " October 30, 2001".

3.     Effectiveness  of this First  Amendment.  This First Amendment shall
       ---------------------------------------
become effective as of the date hereof when, and only when, Bank shall have
received all of the following, in form and substance satisfactory to Bank:

       (a)    A counterpart of this First Amendment, duly executed by Borrower;

       (b)    A replacement Note (Base Rate), in the principal amount of
Twenty-Five Million Dollars ($25,000,000.00), duly executed by Borrower;

       (c)    An Authorization to Disburse, on Bank's standard form therefor,
duly executed by Borrower, authorizing Bank to disburse the proceeds of the
loans as provided for in the Agreement;

                                        1

<PAGE>

       (d) An Authorization to Obtain Credit, Grant Security, Guarantee or
Subordinate, on Bank's standard form therefor, duly executed by Borrower;

       (e) Such other documents, instruments or agreements as Bank may
reasonably deem necessary in order to effect fully this First Amendment.

4.     Ratification.
       ------------

       (a) Except as specifically  amended  hereinabove,  the Agreement shall
remain in full force and effect and is hereby ratified and confirmed; and

       (b) Upon the effectiveness of this First Amendment, (i) each reference in
the Agreement to "this Agreement", "hereunder", "herein", "hereof" or words of
like import referring to the Agreement shall mean and be a reference to the
Agreement as amended by this First Amendment, and (ii) each reference in the
Agreement to the "Note" or words of like import referring to the Note shall mean
and be a reference to the replacement Note (Base Rate) issued pursuant to this
First Amendment.

5.     Representations and Warranties.  Borrower represents and warrants as
       ------------------------------
       follows:

       (a) Each of the representations and warranties contained in Article 3 of
the Agreement, as amended hereby, is hereby reaffirmed as of the date hereof,
each as if set forth herein;

       (b) The execution, delivery and performance of this First Amendment are
within Borrower's corporate powers, have been duly authorized by all necessary
corporate action, have received all necessary approvals, if any, and do not
contravene any law or any contractual restriction binding on Borrower;

       (c) This First Amendment is, and the replacement Note (Base Rate) when
delivered for value received, will be, the legal, valid and binding obligations
of Borrower, enforceable against Borrower in accordance with their terms; and

       (d) Except as described hereinabove, no event has occurred and is
continuing or would result from this First Amendment which constitutes an Event
of Default under the Note, or would constitute an Event of Default under the
Note but for the requirement that notice be given or time elapse or both.

6.     Governing  Law. This First  Amendment  shall be deemed a contract  under
       --------------
and subject to, and shall be construed for all purposes and in accordance with,
the laws of the State of California.

7.     Counterparts.  This First Amendment may be executed in two or more
       ------------
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which
together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

                                        2

<PAGE>

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this First
Amendment as of the date and year first above written.

"Borrower"

GREATER BAY BANCORP, a California corporation

By: /s/ Kamran Husain
    -----------------

Title: Senior Vice President

By:
   -----------------------------

Title:
      --------------------------

"Bank"

UNION BANK OF CALIFORNIA, N.A.

By: /s/ Dennis Cattell
    ------------------

Title: Vice President

                                        3<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.2

                     ---------------------------------------

                          CORTEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

                                       and

                     AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY

                                  Rights Agent

                     ---------------------------------------

                                Rights Agreement
                          Dated as of February 8, 2002

                     ---------------------------------------

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S>            <C>                                                                                       <C>
Section 1.     Certain Definitions.....................................................................   1
Section 2.     Appointment of Rights Agent.............................................................   4
Section 3.     Issuance of Rights Certificates.........................................................   4
Section 4.     Form of Rights Certificates.............................................................   6
Section 5.     Countersignature and Registration.......................................................   7
Section 6.     Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Rights Certificates;
               Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Rights Certificates................................   7
Section 7.     Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights...........................   8
Section 8.     Cancellation and Destruction of Rights Certificates.....................................  10
Section 9.     Reservation and Availability of Capital Stock...........................................  10
Section 10.    Preferred Stock Record Date.............................................................  11
Section 11.    Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number and Kind of Shares or Number of Rights.............  11
Section 12.    Certificate of Adjusted Purchase Price or Number of Shares..............................  19
Section 13.    Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power....................  20
Section 14.    Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares.................................................  22
Section 15.    Rights of Action........................................................................  23
Section 16.    Agreement of Rights Holders.............................................................  24
Section 17.    Rights Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder......................................  24
Section 18.    Concerning the Rights Agent.............................................................  25
Section 19.    Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent...............................  25
Section 20.    Duties of Rights Agent..................................................................  26
Section 21.    Change of Rights Agent..................................................................  27
Section 22.    Issuance of New Rights Certificates.....................................................  28
Section 23.    Redemption..............................................................................  28
Section 24.    Exchange................................................................................  29
Section 25.    Notice of Certain Events................................................................  31
Section 26.    Notices.................................................................................  32
Section 27.    Supplements and Amendments..............................................................  32
Section 28.    Successors..............................................................................  33
Section 29.    Determinations and Actions by the Board of Directors, etc...............................  33
Section 30.    Benefits of this Agreement..............................................................  33
Section 31.    Severability............................................................................  33
Section 32.    Governing Law...........................................................................  33
Section 33.    Counterparts............................................................................  33
Section 34.    Descriptive Headings....................................................................  34

EXHIBITS

Exhibit A      Form of Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights
---------
Exhibit B      Form of Rights Certificate
---------
Exhibit C      Summary of Rights
---------
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

                                RIGHTS AGREEMENT

     RIGHTS AGREEMENT, dated as of February 8, 2002 (the "Agreement"), between
Cortex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and
American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, a New York corporation (the "Rights
Agent").

                              W I T N E S S E T H :

     WHEREAS, on February 5, 2002 (the "Rights Dividend Declaration Date"), the
Board of Directors of the Company authorized and declared a dividend
distribution of one Right for each share of Common Stock, par value $.001 per
share, of the Company outstanding at the Close of Business on February 15, 2002
(the "Record Date"), and has authorized the issuance of one Right (as such
number may hereinafter be adjusted pursuant to the provisions of Section 11(p)
hereof) for each share of Common Stock of the Company issued between the Record
Date (whether originally issued or delivered from the Company's treasury) and
the Distribution Date (as defined in Section 3 hereof), each Right initially
representing the right to purchase one one-thousandth of a share of Series A
Junior Participating Preferred Stock of the Company, $.001 par value, having the
rights, powers and preferences set forth in the form of Certificate of
Designation, Preferences and Rights attached hereto as Exhibit A, upon the terms
and subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth (the "Rights");

     NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual agreements
herein set forth, the parties hereby agree as follows:

     Section 1.    Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, the
following terms have the meanings indicated:

             (a)   "Acquiring Person" shall mean any Person who or which,
together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, shall be the
Beneficial Owner of fifteen (15%) or more of the shares of Common Stock then
outstanding, but shall not include the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company,
any employee benefit plan of the Company or of any Subsidiary of the Company, or
any Person or entity organized, appointed or established by the Company for or
pursuant to the terms of any such plan. In addition, notwithstanding the
foregoing, no Person shall be deemed to be an Acquiring Person if (i) the Board
of Directors of the Company determines in good faith that a person who would
otherwise be an "Acquiring Person," but for the operation of this clause (i),
has become such inadvertently, and such person divests as promptly as practical
a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock so that such person would no
longer be an "Acquiring Person," (ii) as the result of an acquisition of Common
Stock by the Company which, by reducing the number of shares outstanding,
increases the proportionate number of shares beneficially owned by such Person
to fifteen (15%) or more of the Common Stock of the Company then outstanding;
provided, however, that if a Person shall become the Beneficial Owner of fifteen
(15%) or more of the Common Stock of the Company then outstanding by reason of
share purchases by the Company and shall, after such share purchases by the
Company, become the Beneficial Owner (other than by way of a stock dividend or
stock split) of additional shares of Common Stock representing one-half of one
percent (.50%) of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company,
then such Person shall be deemed to be an Acquiring Person, or (iii) a Person
enters into an agreement or transaction or understanding with the Company
whereby, solely as a consequence of that agreement or transaction or
understanding, such Person would become an "Acquiring Person" (but for the
operation of this clause (iii)), and such

                                        1

<PAGE>

agreement, transaction or understanding is approved by the Board of Directors of
the Company; provided, however, that if such Person subsequently becomes the
Beneficial Owner of any additional shares of Common Stock in a manner not
specifically approved by a majority of the Board of Directors, such Person shall
be deemed to be an Acquiring Person.

          (b)  "Affiliate" and "Associate" shall have the respective meanings
ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), as in effect on the
date of this Agreement.

          (c)  A Person shall be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of, and shall be
deemed to "beneficially own," any securities:

               (i)   which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or
     Associates beneficially owns, directly or indirectly;

               (ii)  which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or

     Associates, directly or indirectly, has the right to acquire (whether such
     right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time)
     pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in
     writing) or upon the exercise of conversion rights, exchange rights,
     rights, warrants or options, or otherwise; provided, however, that a Person
     shall not be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of, or to "beneficially own,"
     (A) securities tendered pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made by such
     person or any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates until such tendered
     securities are accepted for purchase or exchange, or (B) securities which a
     Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates may be deemed to
     have the right to acquire pursuant to any merger or other acquisition
     agreement between the Company and such Person (or one or more of its
     Affiliates or Associates) if such agreement has been approved by the Board
     of Directors of the Company prior to there being an Acquiring Person, or
     (C) securities issuable upon exercise of Rights at any time prior to the
     occurrence of a Triggering Event, or (D) securities issuable upon exercise
     of Rights from and after the occurrence of a Triggering Event which Rights
     were acquired by such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or
     Associates prior to the Distribution Date or pursuant to Section 3(a) or
     Section 22 hereof (the "Original Rights") or pursuant to Section 11(i)
     hereof in connection with an adjustment made with respect to any Original
     Rights;

               (iii) which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or
     Associates, directly or indirectly, has the right to vote or dispose of or
     "beneficial ownership" of (as determined pursuant to Rule 13d-3 of the
     General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act), including pursuant
     to any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing;
     provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the "Beneficial Owner"
     of, or to "beneficially own," any security under this subparagraph (iii) as
     a result of an agreement, arrangement or understanding to vote such
     security if such agreement, arrangement or understanding: (A) arises solely
     from a revocable proxy given in response to a public proxy or consent
     solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, the applicable
     provisions of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act, and
     (B) is not also then reportable by such Person on Schedule 13D under the
     Exchange Act (or any comparable or successor report); or

                                        2

<PAGE>

               (iv)  which are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by
     any other Person (or any Affiliate or Associate thereof) with which such
     Person (or any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates) has any
     agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing), for
     the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting (except pursuant to a revocable
     proxy as described in the proviso to subparagraph (iii) of this paragraph
     (c)) or disposing of any voting securities of the Company; provided,
     however, that nothing in this paragraph (c) shall cause a person engaged in
     business as an underwriter of securities to be the "Beneficial Owner" of,
     or to "beneficially own," any securities acquired through such person's
     participation in good faith in a firm commitment underwriting until the
     expiration of forty days after the date of such acquisition; and provided
     further, however, that in no case shall an officer or director of the
     Company be deemed (x) the Beneficial Owner of any securities beneficially
     owned by another officer or director of the Company solely by reason of
     actions undertaken by such persons in their capacity as officers or
     directors of the Company or (y) the Beneficial Owner of securities held of
     record by the trustee of any employee benefit plan of the Company or any
     Subsidiary of the Company for the benefit of any employee of the Company or
     any Subsidiary of the Company, other than the officer or director, by
     reason of any influence that such officer or director may have over the
     voting of the securities held in the plan.

          (d)  "Business Day" shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday
or a day on which banking institutions in the State of California are authorized
or obligated by law or executive order to close.

          (e)  "Close of Business" on any given date shall mean 5:00 P.M.,
California time, on such date; provided, however, that if such date is not a
Business Day it shall mean 5:00 P.M., California time, on the next succeeding
Business Day.

          (f)  "Common Stock" shall mean the Common Stock, par value $.001 per
share, of the Company, except that "Common Stock" when used with reference to
any Person other than the Company shall mean the capital stock of such Person
with the greatest voting power, or the equity securities or other equity
interest having power to control or direct the management, of such Person.

          (g)  "Expiration Date" shall mean the earliest of (i) the Close of
Business on the Final Expiration Date, (ii) the time at which the Rights are
redeemed as provided in Section 23 hereof, (iii) the time at which the Board of
Directors orders the exchange of the Rights as provided in Section 24 hereof, or
(iv) the consummation of a transaction contemplated by Section 13(d) hereof.

          (h)  "Final Expiration Date" shall mean February 15, 2012.

          (i)  "Person" shall mean any individual, firm, corporation,
partnership or other entity, and shall include any successor (by merger or
otherwise) of such entity.

          (j)  "Permitted Offer" shall mean a tender offer for all outstanding
Common Stock made in the manner prescribed by Section 14(d) of the Exchange Act
and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; provided, however, a
majority of the Board of Directors then in office has determined that the offer
is both adequate and otherwise in the best interests of the Company and its
stockholders (taking into account all factors that the Board of Directors deems
relevant, including, without limitation, prices that could reasonably be
achieved if the Company or its assets were sold on an orderly basis designed to
realize maximum value).

                                        3

<PAGE>

          (k)  "Preferred Stock" shall mean shares of Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock, $.001 per share par value, of the Company, having
the rights and preferences set forth in the form of Certificate of Designation,
Preferences and Rights attached hereto as Exhibit A.

          (l)  "Section 11(a)(ii) Event" shall mean any event described in
Section 11(a)(ii) (A), (B) or (C) hereof.

          (m)  "Section 13 Event" shall mean any event described in clauses (x),
(y) or (z) of Section 13(a) hereof.

          (n)  "Stock Acquisition Date" shall mean the first date of public
announcement (which, for purposes of this definition, shall include, without
limitation, a report filed pursuant to Section 13(d) under the Exchange Act) by
the Company or an Acquiring Person that an Acquiring Person has become such.

          (o)  "Subsidiary" shall mean, with reference to any Person, any
corporation of which an amount of voting securities sufficient to elect at least
a majority of the directors of such corporation is beneficially owned, directly
or indirectly, by such Person, or otherwise controlled by such person.

          (p)  "Triggering Event" shall mean any Section 11(a)(ii) Event or any
Section 13 Event.

     Section 2. Appointment of Rights Agent. The Company hereby appoints the
Rights Agent to act as agent for the Company and the holders of the Rights (who,
in accordance with Section 3 hereof, shall prior to the Distribution Date also
be the holders of the Common Stock) in accordance with the terms and conditions
hereof, and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such appointment. The Company may
from time to time appoint such Co-Rights Agents as it may deem necessary or
desirable.

     Section 3. Issuance of Rights Certificates.

          (a) Until the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on the tenth day
(or such later date as may be determined by action of a majority of the Board of
Directors) after the Stock Acquisition Date (or, if the tenth day after the
Stock Acquisition Date occurs before the Record Date, the Close of Business on
the Record Date), or (ii) the Close of Business on the tenth Business Day (or
such later date as may be determined by action of a majority of the Board of
Directors then in office) after the date that a tender or exchange offer by any
Person (other than the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, any employee
benefit plan of the Company or of any Subsidiary of the Company, or any Person
or entity organized, appointed or established by the Company for or pursuant to
the terms of any such plan) is first published or sent or given within the
meaning of Rule 14d-2(a) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange
Act, if upon consummation thereof, such Person would be the Beneficial Owner of
fifteen (15%) or more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding (the
earlier of (i) and (ii) being herein referred to as the "Distribution Date"),
(x) the Rights will be evidenced (subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of
this Section 3) by the certificates for the Common Stock registered in the names
of the holders of the Common Stock (which certificates for Common Stock shall be
deemed also to be certificates for Rights) and not by separate certificates, and
(y) the Rights will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of the
underlying shares of Common Stock (including a transfer to the Company). As soon
as practicable after the Distribution Date, the Rights Agent will send by
first-class, insured, postage prepaid mail, to each record holder of the Common
Stock as of the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, at the address of
such holder shown on the records of the Company, one or more rights
certificates, in substantially the form of Exhibit B hereto (the "Rights
Certificates"), evidencing one Right for each share of Common Stock so held,
subject to adjustment as provided herein. In the event that an adjustment in the
number of Rights per share of Common Stock has been made pursuant to Section
11(p) hereof, at the time of distribution of the Rights Certificates, the
Company shall make the necessary and appropriate rounding adjustments (in
accordance with Section 14(a) hereof) so that Rights Certificates representing
only whole numbers of Rights are distributed and cash is paid in lieu of any
fractional Rights. As of and after the Distribution Date, the Rights

                                        4

<PAGE>

Agent will send by first-class, insured, postage prepaid mail, to each record
holder of the Common Stock as of the Close of Business on the Distribution Date,
at the address of such holder shown on the records of the Company, one or more
rights certificates, in substantially the form of Exhibit B hereto (the "Rights
Certificates"), evidencing one Right for each share of Common Stock so held,
subject to adjustment as provided herein. In the event that an adjustment in the
number of Rights per share of Common Stock has been made pursuant to Section
11(p) hereof, at the time of distribution of the Rights Certificates, the
Company shall make the necessary and appropriate rounding adjustments (in
accordance with Section 14(a) hereof) so that Rights Certificates representing
only whole numbers of Rights are distributed and cash is paid in lieu of any
fractional Rights. As of and after the Distribution Date, the Rights will be
evidenced solely by such Rights Certificates and may be transferred by the
transfer of the Rights Certificates as permitted hereby, separately and apart
from any transfer of one or more Common Stock, and the holders of such Rights
Certificates as listed in the records of the Company or any transfer agent or
registrar for the Rights shall be the record holders thereof.

          (b)  As promptly as practicable following the Record Date, the
Company will send a copy of a Summary of Rights, in substantially the form
attached hereto as Exhibit C (the "Summary of Rights"), by first-class, postage
prepaid mail, to each record holder of the Common Stock as of the Close of
Business on the Record Date, at the address of such holder shown on the records
of the Company. With respect to certificates for the Common Stock outstanding as
of the Record Date, until the Distribution Date, the Rights will be evidenced by
such certificates for the Common Stock and the registered holders of the Common
Stock shall also be the registered holders of the associated Rights. Until the
earlier of the Distribution Date or the Expiration Date, the transfer of any
certificates representing shares of Common Stock in respect of which Rights have
been issued shall also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with
such shares of Common Stock.

          (c)  Unless the Board of Directors by resolution adopted at or before
the time of the issuance (including pursuant to the exercise of rights under the
Company's benefit plans) of any Common Stock specifies to the contrary, Rights
shall be issued in respect of all shares of Common Stock which are issued after
the Record Date but prior to the earlier of the Distribution Date or the
Expiration Date. Certificates representing such shares of Common Stock shall
also be deemed to be certificates for Rights, and shall bear the following
legend:

          This certificate also evidences and entitles the holder hereof to
     certain Rights as set forth in the Rights Agreement between Cortex
     Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company") and American
     Stock Transfer & Trust Company (the "Rights Agent"), dated as of
     February 8, 2002 (the "Rights Agreement"), the terms of which are hereby
     incorporated herein by reference and a copy of which is on file at the
     principal offices of the Company. Under certain circumstances, as set forth
     in the Rights Agreement, such Rights will be evidenced by separate
     certificates and will no longer be evidenced by this certificate. The
     Company will mail to the holder of this certificate a copy of the Rights
     Agreement, as in effect on the date of mailing, without charge promptly
     after receipt of a written request therefor. Under certain circumstances
     set forth in the Rights Agreement, Rights issued to, or held by, any Person
     who is, was or becomes an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate
     thereof (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement), whether
     currently held by or on behalf of such Person or by any subsequent holder,
     may become null and void.

                                        5

<PAGE>

With respect to such certificates containing the foregoing legend, until the
earlier of (i) the Distribution Date or (ii) the Expiration Date, the Rights
associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificates shall be
evidenced by such certificates alone and registered holders of Common Stock
shall also be the registered holders of the associated Rights, and the transfer
of any of such certificates shall also constitute the transfer of the Rights
associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificates. In the event
that the Company purchases or acquires any Common Stock after the Record Date
but prior to the Distribution Date, any Rights associated with such Common Stock
shall be deemed cancelled and retired so that the Company shall not be entitled
to exercise any Rights associated with the Common Stock which are no longer
outstanding.

     Section 4.   Form of Rights Certificates.

          (a)   The Rights Certificates (and the forms of election to purchase
and of assignment to be printed on the reverse thereof) shall each be
substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit B hereto and may have such marks
of identification or designation and such legends, summaries or endorsements
printed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent
with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any
applicable law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any
rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which the Rights may from time to
time be listed, or to conform to usage. Subject to the provisions of Section 11
and Section 22 hereof, the Rights Certificates, whenever distributed, shall be
dated as of the Record Date and on their face shall entitle the holders thereof
to purchase such number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock as
shall be set forth therein at the price set forth therein (such exercise price
per one one-thousandth of a share, the "Purchase Price"), but the amount and
type of securities purchasable upon the exercise of each Right and the Purchase
Price thereof shall be subject to adjustment as provided herein.

          (b)   Any Rights Certificate issued pursuant to Section 3(a) or
Section 22 hereof that represents Rights beneficially owned by: (i) an Acquiring
Person or any Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person, (ii) a transferee
of an Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a
transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes such, or (iii) a transferee of an
Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a
transferee prior to or concurrently with the Acquiring Person becoming such and
receives such Rights pursuant to either (A) a transfer (whether or not for
consideration) from the Acquiring Person to holders of equity interests in such
Acquiring Person or to any Person with whom such Acquiring Person has any
continuing agreement, arrangement or understanding regarding the transferred
Rights or (B) a transfer which the Board of Directors of the Company has
determined is part of a plan, arrangement or understanding which has as a
primary purpose or effect avoidance of Section 7(e) hereof, and any Rights
Certificate issued pursuant to Section 6 or Section 11 hereof upon transfer,
exchange, replacement or adjustment of any other Rights Certificate referred to
in this sentence, shall contain (to the extent feasible) the following legend:

          The Rights represented by this Rights Certificate are or were
     beneficially owned by a Person who was or became an Acquiring Person or an
     Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person (as such terms are defined in
     the Rights Agreement). Accordingly, this Rights Certificate and the Rights
     represented hereby may become null and void in the circumstances specified
     in Section 7(e) of such Agreement.

     Section 5.   Countersignature and Registration.

                                        6

<PAGE>

           (a) The Rights Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the
Company by its Chairman of the Board, its President or any Vice President,
either manually or by facsimile signature, and shall have affixed thereto the
Company's seal or a facsimile thereof which shall be attested by the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, either manually or by facsimile
signature. The Rights Certificates shall be manually countersigned by the Rights
Agent and shall not be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned. In case
and officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Rights Certificates
shall cease to be such officer of the Company before countersignature by the
Rights Agent and issuance and delivery by the Company, such Rights Certificates,
nevertheless, may be countersigned by the Rights Agent and issued and delivered
by the Company with the same force and effect as though the person who signed
such Rights Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the Company; and
any Rights Certificates may be signed on behalf of the Company by any person
who, at the actual date of the execution of such Rights Certificate, shall be a
proper officer of the Company to sign such Rights Certificate, although at the
date of the execution of this Rights Agreement any such person was not such an
officer.

           (b) Following the Distribution Date, the Rights Agent will keep or
cause to be kept, at its principal office or offices designated as the
appropriate place for surrender of Rights Certificates upon exercise or
transfer, books for registration and transfer of the Rights Certificates issued
hereunder. Such books shall show the names and addresses of the respective
holders of the Rights Certificates, the number of Rights evidenced on its face
by each of the Rights Certificates, the Rights Certificate number and the date
of each of the Rights Certificates.

     Section 6.   Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Rights
Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Rights Certificates.

           (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 4(b), Section 7(e),
Section 14 and Section 24 hereof, at any time after the Close of Business on the
Distribution Date, and at or prior to the Close of Business on the Expiration
Date, any Rights Certificate or Certificates may be transferred, split up,
combined or exchanged for another Rights Certificate or Certificates, entitling
the registered holder to purchase a like number of one one-thousandths of a
share of Preferred Stock (or following a Triggering Event, Common Stock, other
securities, cash or other assets, as the case may be) as the Rights Certificate
or Certificates surrendered then entitled such holder (or former holder in the
case of a transfer) to purchase. Any registered holder desiring to transfer,
split up, combine or exchange any Rights Certificate or Certificates shall make
such request in writing delivered to the Rights Agent, and shall surrender the
Rights Certificate or Certificates to be transferred, split up, combined or
exchanged at the principal office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for
such purpose. Neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to
take any action whatsoever with respect to the transfer of any such surrendered
Rights Certificate until the registered holder shall have completed and signed
the certificate contained in the form of assignment on the reverse side of such
Rights Certificate and shall have provided such additional evidence of the
identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or
Associates thereof as the Company shall reasonably request. Thereupon the Rights
Agent shall, subject to Section 4(b), Section 7(e), Section 14 and Section 24
hereof, countersign and deliver to the Person entitled thereto a Rights
Certificate or Rights Certificates, as the case may be, as so requested. The
Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental
charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer, split up,
combination or exchange of Rights Certificates.

                                       7

<PAGE>

          (b)  Upon receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent of evidence
reasonably satisfactory to them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of
a Rights Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity
or security reasonably satisfactory to them, and reimbursement to the Company
and the Rights Agent of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, and upon
surrender to the Rights Agent and cancellation of the Rights Certificate if
mutilated, the Company will execute and deliver a new Rights Certificate of like
tenor to the Rights Agent for countersignature and delivery to the registered
owner in lieu of the Rights Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated.

     Section 7.   Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights.

          (a)  Subject to Section 7(e) hereof, the registered holder of any
Rights Certificate may exercise the Rights evidenced thereby (except as
otherwise provided herein including, without limitation, the restrictions on
exercisability set forth in Section 9(c), Section 11(a)(iii) and Section 23(a)
hereof) in whole or in part at any time after the Distribution Date upon
surrender of the Rights Certificate, with the form of election to purchase and
the certificate on the reverse side thereof duly executed, to the Rights Agent
at the principal office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such
purpose, together with payment of the aggregate Purchase Price with respect to
the total number of one one-thousandths of a share (or other securities or
property, as the case may be) as to which such surrendered Rights are then
exercisable, at or prior to the Expiration Date.

          (b)  The Purchase Price for each one one-thousandth of a share of
Preferred Stock pursuant to the exercise of a Right shall initially be
Seventy-Five Dollars ($75.00), and shall be subject to adjustment from time to
time as provided in Section 11 hereof and shall be payable in accordance with
paragraph (c) below.

          (c)  Upon receipt of a Rights Certificate representing exercisable
Rights, with the form of election to purchase and the certificate duly executed,
accompanied by payment, with respect to each Right so exercised, of the Purchase
Price per one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock (or other shares,
securities or property, as the case may be) to be purchased as set forth below
and an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax, the Rights Agent shall,
subject to Section 20(k) hereof, thereupon promptly (i) (A) requisition from any
transfer agent of the shares of Preferred Stock (or make available, if the
Rights Agent is the transfer agent for such shares) certificates for the total
number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock to be purchased and
the Company hereby irrevocably authorizes its transfer agent to comply with all
such requests, or (B) if the Company shall have elected to deposit the total
number of shares of Preferred Stock issuable upon exercise of the Rights
hereunder with a depositary agent, requisition from the depositary agent
depositary receipts representing such number of one one-thousandths of a share
of Preferred Stock as are to be purchased (in which case certificates for the
shares of Preferred Stock represented by such receipts shall be deposited by the
transfer agent with the depositary agent) and the Company will direct the
depositary agent to comply with such request, (ii) requisition from the Company
the amount of cash, if any, to be paid in lieu of fractional shares in
accordance with Section 11 hereof, (iii) after receipt of such certificates or
depositary receipts, cause the same to be delivered to or upon the order of the
registered holder of such Rights Certificate, registered in such name or names
as may be designated by such holder, and (iv) after receipt thereof, deliver
such cash, if any, to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Rights
Certificate. The payment of the Purchase Price (as such amount may be reduced
pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof) may be made (x) in cash or by certified
bank check or money order payable to the order of the Company, or (y) by
delivery of a certificate or certificates (with appropriate stock powers
executed in blank attached thereto) evidencing a number of shares of Common
Stock equal to the then

                                       8

<PAGE>

Purchase Price divided by the closing market price (as determined pursuant to
Section 11(d) hereof) per share of Common Stock on the Trading Date immediately
preceding the date of such exercise. In the event that the Company is obligated
to issue other securities (including Common Stock) of the Company, pay cash
and/or distribute other property pursuant to Section 11(a) hereof, the Company
will make all arrangements necessary so that such other securities, cash and/or
other property are available for distribution by the Rights Agent, if and when
appropriate.

          (d)  In case the registered holder of any Rights Certificate shall
exercise less than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new Rights Certificate
evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining unexercised shall be issued
by the Rights Agent and delivered to, or upon the order of, the registered
holder of such Rights Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be
designated by such holder, subject to the provisions of Section 14 hereof.

          (e)  Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, from
and after the first occurrence of a Triggering Event, any Rights beneficially
owned by (i) an Acquiring Person or an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring
Person, (ii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or
Affiliate) who becomes a transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes such (a
"Post Transferee"), or (iii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such
Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with
the Acquiring Person becoming such and receives such Rights pursuant to either
(A) a transfer (whether or not for consideration) from the Acquiring Person to
holders of equity interests in such Acquiring Person or to any Person with whom
the Acquiring Person had any continuing agreement, arrangement or understanding
regarding the transferred Rights or (B) a transfer which the Board of Directors
of the Company has determined is part of a plan, arrangement or understanding
which has as a primary purpose or effect the avoidance of this Section 7(e) (a
"Prior Transferee"), or (iv) any subsequent transferee receiving transferred
Rights from a Post Transferee or a Prior Transferee, either directly or through
one or more intermediate transferees, shall become null and void without any
further action and no holder of such Rights shall have any rights whatsoever
with respect to such Rights, whether under any provision of this Agreement or
otherwise. The Company shall use all reasonable efforts to insure that the
provisions of this Section 7(e) and Section 4(b) hereof are complied with, but
shall have no liability to any holder of Rights Certificates or other person as
a result of its failure to make any determinations with respect to an Acquiring
Person or its Affiliates, Associates or transferees hereunder.

          (f) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to undertake any
action with respect to a registered holder upon the occurrence of any purported
exercise as set forth in this Section 7 unless such registered holder shall have
(i) completed and signed the certificate contained in the form of election to
purchase set forth on the reverse side of the Rights Certificate surrendered for
such exercise, and (ii) provided such additional evidence of the identity of the
Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or Associates
thereof as the Company shall reasonably request.

     Section 8.   Cancellation and Destruction of Rights Certificates. All
Rights Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise, transfer, split up,
combination or exchange shall, if surrendered to the Company or any of its
agents, be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in cancelled form,
or, if surrendered to the Rights Agent, shall be cancelled by it, and no Rights
Certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by
any of the provisions of this Agreement. The Company shall deliver to the Rights
Agent for cancellation and retirement, and the Rights Agent shall so cancel and
retire, any other Rights Certificate purchased or acquired by the Company
otherwise than

                                       9

<PAGE>

upon the exercise thereof. The Rights Agent shall deliver all cancelled Rights
Certificates to the Company, or shall, at the written request of the Company,
destroy such cancelled Rights Certificates, and in such case shall deliver a
certificate of destruction thereof to the Company.

     Section 9.   Reservation and Availability of Capital Stock.

          (a)  The Company covenants and agrees that it will cause to be
reserved and kept available out of its authorized and unissued shares of
Preferred Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, out of its
authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock and/or other securities or out of
its authorized and issued shares held in its treasury), the number of shares of
Preferred Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common
Stock and/or other securities) that, as provided in this Agreement including
Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, will be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of
all outstanding Rights.

          (b)  So long as the shares of Preferred Stock (and following the
occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common Stock and/or other securities) issuable
and deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights may be listed on any national
securities exchange or the Nasdaq National Market System (the "NMS"), the
Company shall use its best efforts to cause, from and after such time as the
Rights become exercisable, all shares reserved for such issuance to be listed on
such exchange or the NMS upon official notice of issuance upon such exercise.

          (c)  The Company shall use its best efforts to (i) file, as soon as
practicable following the earliest date after the first occurrence of a Section
11(a)(ii) Event on which the consideration to be delivered by the Company upon
exercise of the Rights has been determined in accordance with Section 11(a)(iii)
hereof, or as soon as is required by law following the Distribution Date, as the
case may be, a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 (the
"Act"), with respect to the securities purchasable upon exercise of the Rights
on an appropriate form, (ii) cause such registration statement to become
effective as soon as practicable after such filing, and (iii) cause such
registration statement to remain effective (with a prospectus at all times
meeting the requirements of the Act) until the earlier of (A) the date as of
which the Rights are no longer exercisable for such securities, and (B) the date
of the expiration of the Rights. The Company will also take such action as may
be appropriate under, or to ensure compliance with, the securities or "blue sky"
laws of the various states in connection with the exercisability of the Rights.
The Company may temporarily suspend, for a period of time not to exceed ninety
(90) days after the date set forth in clause (i) of the first sentence of this
Section 9(c), the exercisability of the Rights in order to prepare and file such
registration statement and permit it to become effective. Upon any such
suspension, the Company shall issue a public announcement stating that the
exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public
announcement at such time as the suspension is no longer in effect.
Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the Rights
shall not be exercisable in any jurisdiction unless the requisite qualification
in such jurisdiction shall have been obtained and until a registration statement
(if required) has been declared effective.

          (d)  The Company covenants and agrees that it will take all such
action as may be necessary to ensure that all one one one-thousandths of a share
of Preferred Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common
Stock and/or other securities) delivered upon exercise of Rights shall, at the
time of delivery of the certificates for such shares (subject to payment of the
Purchase Price), be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and
nonassessable.

                                       10

<PAGE>

          (e)  The Company further covenants and agrees that it will pay when
due and payable any and all federal and state transfer taxes and charges which
may be payable in respect of the issuance or delivery of the Rights Certificates
and of any certificates for shares of Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or
other securities, as the case may be) upon the exercise of Rights. The Company
shall not, however, be required to pay any transfer tax which may be payable in
respect of any transfer or delivery of Rights Certificates to a Person other
than, or the issuance or delivery of a number of one one-thousandths of a share
of Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be)
in respect of a name other than that of, the registered holder of the Rights
Certificates evidencing Rights surrendered for exercise or to issue or deliver
any certificates for a number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred
Stock (or Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) in a name
other than that of the registered holder upon the exercise of any Rights until
such tax shall have been paid (any such tax being payable by the holder of such
Rights Certificate at the time of surrender) or until it has been established to
the Company's satisfaction that no such tax is due.

     Section 10.  Preferred Stock Record Date. Each person in whose name any
certificate for a number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock
(or Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) is issued upon the
exercise of Rights shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of
record of such fractional shares of Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or
other securities, as the case may be) represented thereby on, and such
certificate shall be dated, the date upon which the Rights Certificate
evidencing such Rights was duly surrendered and payment of the Purchase Price
(and all applicable transfer taxes) was made; provided, however, that if the
date of such surrender and payment is a date upon which the Preferred Stock (or
Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) transfer books of the
Company are closed, such Person shall be deemed to have become the record holder
of such shares (fractional or otherwise) on, and such certificate shall be
dated, the next succeeding Business Day on which the Preferred Stock (or Common
Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) transfer books of the Company
are open. Prior to the exercise of the Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a
Rights Certificate shall not be entitled to any rights of a stockholder of the
Company with respect to shares for which the Rights shall be exercisable,
including, without limitation, the right to vote, to receive dividends or other
distributions or to exercise any preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to
receive any notice of any proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein.

     Section 11.  Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number and Kind of Shares or
Number of Rights. The Purchase Price, the number and kind of shares covered by
each Right and the number of Rights outstanding are subject to adjustment from
time to time as provided in this Section 11.

          (a)  (i)  In the event the Company shall at any time after the date of
     this Agreement (A) declare a dividend on the Preferred Stock payable in
     shares of Preferred Stock, (B) subdivide the outstanding Preferred Stock,
     (C) combine the outstanding Preferred Stock into a smaller number of
     shares, or (D) issue any shares of its capital stock in a reclassification
     of the Preferred Stock (including any such reclassification in connection
     with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing or
     surviving corporation), except as otherwise provided in this Section 11(a)
     and Section 7 hereof, the Purchase Price in effect at the time of the
     record date for such dividend or of the effective date of such subdivision,
     combination or reclassification, and the number and kind of shares of
     Preferred Stock or capital stock, as the case may be, issuable on such
     date, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the holder of any Right
     exercised after such time shall be entitled to receive, upon payment of the
     Purchase Price then in effect, the aggregate number and kind of shares of
     Preferred Stock or capital stock, as

                                       11

<PAGE>

     the case may be, which, if such Right had been exercised immediately prior
     to such date and at a time when the Preferred Stock transfer books of the
     Company were open, he would have owned upon such exercise and been entitled
     to receive by virtue of such dividend, subdivision, combination or
     reclassification. If an event occurs which would require an adjustment
     under both this Section 11(a)(i) and Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, the
     adjustment provided for in this Section 11(a)(i) shall be in addition to,
     and shall be made prior to, any adjustment required pursuant to Section
     11(a)(ii) hereof.

               (ii) In the event:

                    (A)  any Acquiring Person or any Associate or Affiliate of
          any Acquiring Person, at any time after the date of this Agreement,
          directly or indirectly, (1) shall merge into the Company or otherwise
          combine with the Company and the Company shall be the continuing or
          surviving corporation of such merger or combination and the Common
          Stock of the Company shall remain outstanding and unchanged, (2)
          shall, in one transaction or a series of transactions, transfer any
          assets to the Company or to any of its Subsidiaries in exchange (in
          whole or in part) for shares of Common Stock, for shares of other
          equity securities of the Company, or for securities exercisable for or
          convertible into shares of equity securities of the Company (Common
          Stock or otherwise) or otherwise obtain from the Company, with or
          without consideration, any additional shares of such equity securities
          or securities exercisable for or convertible into shares of such
          equity securities (other than pursuant to a pro rata distribution to
          all holders of Common Stock), (3) shall sell, purchase, lease,
          exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or otherwise acquire or dispose
          of, in the transaction or a series of transactions, to, from or with
          (as the case may be) the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, assets on
          terms and conditions less favorable to Company than the Company would
          be able to obtain in arm's length negotiation with an unaffiliated
          third party, other than pursuant to a transaction set forth in Section
          13(a) hereof, (4) shall sell, purchase, lease, exchange, mortgage,
          pledge, transfer or otherwise acquire or dispose of in one transaction
          or a series of transactions, to, from or with (as the case may be) the
          Company or any of the Company's Subsidiaries (other than incidental to
          the lines of business, if any, engaged in as of the date hereof
          between the Company and such Acquiring Person or Associate or
          Affiliate) assets having an aggregate fair market value of more than
          $5,000,000, other than pursuant to a transaction set forth in Section
          13(a) hereof, (5) shall receive any compensation from the Company or
          any of the Company's Subsidiaries other than compensation for full
          time employment as a regular employee at rates in accordance with the
          Company's (or its Subsidiaries') past practices, or (6) shall receive
          the benefit, directly or indirectly (except proportionately as a
          stockholder and except if resulting from a requirement of law or
          governmental regulation), of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges
          or other financial assistance or any tax credits or other tax
          advantage provided by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or

                    (B)  any Person shall become an Acquiring Person, other than
          pursuant to any transaction set forth in Section 13(a) hereof, or

                                       12

<PAGE>

                    (C) during such time as there is an Acquiring Person, there
          shall be any reclassification of securities (including any reverse
          stock split), or recapitalization of the Company, or any merger or
          consolidation of the Company with any of its Subsidiaries or any other
          transaction or series of transactions involving the Company or any of
          its Subsidiaries, other than a transaction or transactions to which
          the provisions of Section 13(a) apply (whether or not with or into or
          otherwise involving an Acquiring Person) which has the effect,
          directly or indirectly, of increasing by more than one percent (1%)
          the proportionate share of the outstanding shares of any class of
          equity securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which is
          directly or indirectly beneficially owned by any Acquiring Person or
          any Associate or Affiliate of any Acquiring Person,

     then, promptly following five (5) days after the date of the occurrence of
     an event described in Section 11(a)(ii)(B) hereof and promptly following
     the occurrence of any event described in Section 11(a)(ii)(A) or (C)
     hereof, proper provision shall be made so that each holder of a Right
     (except as provided below and in Section 7(e) hereof) shall thereafter have
     the right to receive, upon exercise thereof at the then current Purchase
     Price in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, in lieu of shares of
     Preferred Stock, such number of shares of Common Stock of the Company as
     shall equal the result obtained by (x) multiplying the then current
     Purchase Price by the then number of one one-thousandths of a share of
     Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to the
     first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, and dividing that product
     (which, following such first occurrence, shall thereafter be referred to as
     the "Purchase Price" for each Right and for all purposes of this Agreement)
     by (y) fifty percent (50%) of the current market price (determined pursuant
     to Section 11(d) hereof) per share of Common Stock on the date of such
     first occurrence (such number of shares, the "Adjustment Shares").

               (iii) In the event that the number of shares of Common Stock
     which are authorized by the Company's charter but not outstanding or
     reserved for issuance for purposes other than upon exercise of the Rights
     are not sufficient to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in
     accordance with the foregoing subparagraph (ii) of this Section 11(a), the
     Company shall: (A) determine the excess of (1) the value of the Adjustment
     Shares issuable upon the exercise of a Right (the "Current Value") over (2)
     the Purchase Price (such excess, the "Spread"), and (B) with respect to
     each Right, make adequate provision to substitute for the Adjustment
     Shares, upon payment of the applicable Purchase Price, (1) cash, (2) a
     reduction in the Purchase Price, (3) Common Stock or other equity
     securities of the Company (including, without limitation, shares, or units
     of shares, of preferred stock which the Board of Directors of the Company
     has deemed to have the same value as shares of Common Stock (such shares of
     preferred stock, "common stock equivalents")), (4) debt securities of the
     Company, (5) other assets, or (6) any combination of the foregoing, having
     an aggregate value equal to the Current Value, where such aggregate value
     has been determined by the Board of Directors of the Company based upon the
     advice of a nationally recognized investment banking firm selected by the
     Board of Directors of the Company; provided, however, if the Company shall
     not have made adequate provision to deliver value pursuant to clause (B)
     above within thirty (30) days following the later of (x) the first
     occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event and (y) the date on which the
     Company's right of redemption pursuant to Section 23(a) expires (the later
     of (x) and (y) being referred to herein as the "Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger
     Date"), then the Company shall be obligated to deliver, upon the surrender
     for exercise of a Right and without requiring payment

                                       13

<PAGE>

     of the Purchase Price, shares of Common Stock (to the extent available) and
     then, if necessary, cash, which in the aggregate are equal to the Spread.
     If the Board of Directors of the Company shall determine in good faith that
     it is likely that sufficient additional shares of Common Stock could be
     authorized for issuance upon exercise in full of the Rights, the thirty
     (30) day period set forth above may be extended to the extent necessary,
     but not more than ninety (90) days following the first occurrence of a
     Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date, in order that the Company may seek
     stockholder approval for the authorization of such additional shares (such
     period, as it may be extended, the "Substitution Period"). To the extent
     that the Company determines that some action need be taken pursuant to the
     first and/or second sentences of this Section 11(a)(iii), the Company (x)
     shall provide, subject to Section 7(e) hereof, that such action shall apply
     uniformly to all outstanding Rights, and (y) may suspend the exercisability
     of the Rights until the expiration of the Substitution Period in order to
     seek any authorization of additional shares and/or to decide the
     appropriate form of distribution to be made pursuant to such first sentence
     and to determine the value thereof. In the event of any such suspension,
     the Company shall issue a public announcement stating that the
     exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a
     public announcement at such time as the suspension is no longer in effect.
     For purposes of this Section 11(a)(iii), the value of the Common Stock
     shall be the current market price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)
     hereof) per share of the Common Stock on the date of the first occurrence
     of a Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date and the value of any "common stock
     equivalent" shall be deemed to have the same value as the Common Stock on
     such date.

               (iv) The right to buy Common Stock of the Company pursuant to
     Section 11(a)(ii) hereof shall not arise as a result of any Person becoming
     an Acquiring Person through an acquisition of Common Stock pursuant to a
     Permitted Offer.

          (b)  In case the Company shall fix a record date for the issuance of
rights, options or warrants to all holders of Preferred Stock entitling them to
subscribe for or purchase (for a period expiring within forty-five (45) calendar
days after such record date) Preferred Stock (or shares having the same rights,
privileges and preferences as the shares of Preferred Stock ("equivalent
preferred stock")) or securities convertible into Preferred Stock or equivalent
preferred stock at a price per share of Preferred Stock or per share of
equivalent preferred stock (or having a conversion price per share, if a
security convertible into Preferred Stock or equivalent preferred stock) less
than the current market price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof)
per share of Preferred Stock on such record date, the Purchase Price to be in
effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase
Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the
numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding
on such record date, plus the number of shares of Preferred Stock which the
aggregate offering price of the total number of shares of Preferred Stock and/or
equivalent preferred stock so to be offered (and/or the aggregate initial
conversion price of the convertible securities so to be offered) would purchase
at such current market price, and the denominator of which shall be the number
of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding on such record date, plus the number of
additional shares of Preferred Stock and/or equivalent preferred stock to be
offered for subscription or purchase (or into which the convertible securities
so to be offered are initially convertible); provided, however, that in no event
shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be less than
the aggregate par value of the shares of capital stock of the Company issuable
upon the exercise of one Right. In case such subscription price may be paid by
delivery of consideration part or all of which may be in a form other than cash,
the value of such consideration shall be as determined in good faith by the
Board of Directors of the Company, whose determination

                                       14

<PAGE>

shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be
binding on the Rights Agent and the holders of the Rights. Shares of Preferred
Stock owned by or held for the account of the Company shall not be deemed
outstanding for the purpose of any such computation. Such adjustment shall be
made successively whenever such a record date is fixed, and in the event that
such rights or warrants are not so issued, the Purchase Price shall be adjusted
to be the Purchase Price which would then be in effect if such record date had
not been fixed.

          (c)  In case the Company shall fix a record date for a distribution to
all holders of Preferred Stock (including any such distribution made in
connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing
corporation) of evidences of indebtedness, cash (other than a regular cash
dividend out of the earnings or retained earnings of the Company), assets (other
than a dividend payable in Preferred Stock, but including any dividend payable
in stock other than Preferred Stock) or subscription rights or warrants
(excluding those referred to in Section 11(b) hereof), the Purchase Price to be
in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase
Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the
numerator of which shall be the current market price (as determined pursuant to
Section 11(d) hereof) per share of Preferred Stock on such record date, less the
fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the
Company, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the
Rights Agent) of the portion of the cash, assets or evidences of indebtedness so
to be distributed or of such subscription rights or warrants applicable to a
share of Preferred Stock and the denominator of which shall be such current
market price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) per share of
Preferred Stock; provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to
be paid upon the exercise of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of
the shares of capital stock of the Company issuable upon the exercise of one
Right. Such adjustments shall be made successively whenever such a record date
is fixed, and in the event that such distribution is not so made, the Purchase
Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would have been in effect
if such record date had not been fixed.

          (d)  (i)  For the purpose of any computation hereunder, other than
     computations made pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, the "current
     market price" per share of Common Stock on any date shall be deemed to be
     the average of the daily closing prices per share of such Common Stock for
     the thirty (30) consecutive Trading Days (as such term is hereinafter
     defined) immediately prior to such date, and for purposes of computations
     made pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, the "current market price" per
     share of Common Stock on any date shall be deemed to be the average of the
     daily closing prices per share of such Common Stock for the ten (10)
     consecutive Trading Days immediately following such date; provided,
     however, that in the event that the current market price per share of the
     Common Stock is determined during a period following the announcement by
     the issuer of such Common Stock of (A) a dividend or distribution on such
     Common Stock payable in shares of such Common Stock or securities
     convertible into shares of such Common Stock (other than the Rights), or
     (B) any subdivision, combination or reclassification of such Common Stock,
     and prior to the expiration of the requisite thirty (30) Trading Day or ten
     (10) Trading Day period, as set forth above, after the dividend date for
     such dividend or distribution, or the record date for such subdivision,
     combination or reclassification, then, and in each such case, the "current
     market price" shall be properly adjusted to take into account ex-dividend
     trading. The closing price for each day shall be the last sale price,
     regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average
     of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either case as
     reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with
     respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock
     Exchange or, if the shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted

                                       15

<PAGE>

     to trading on the New York Stock Exchange, as reported in the principal
     consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed
     on the principal national securities exchange on which the shares of Common
     Stock are listed or admitted to trading or, if the shares of Common Stock
     are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange,
     the last quoted price or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and
     low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the
     National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation System
     ("NASDAQ") or such other system then in use, or, if on any such date the
     shares of Common Stock are not quoted by any such organization, the average
     of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market
     maker making a market in the Common Stock selected by the Board of
     Directors of the Company. If on any such date no market maker is making a
     market in the Common Stock, the fair value of such shares on such date as
     determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company shall be
     used. The term "Trading Day" shall mean a day on which the principal
     national securities exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are listed
     or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if the
     shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on any
     national securities exchange, a Business Day. If the Common Stock is not
     publicly held or not so listed or traded, "current market price" per share
     shall mean the fair value per share as determined in good faith by the
     Board of Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be described
     in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be conclusive for all
     purposes.

               (ii) For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the "current
     market price" per share of Preferred Stock shall be determined in the same
     manner as set forth above for the Common Stock in clause (i) of this
     Section 11(d) (other than the last sentence thereof). If the current market
     price per share of Preferred Stock cannot be determined in the manner
     provided above or if the Preferred Stock is not publicly held or listed or
     traded in a manner described in clause (i) of this Section 11(d), the
     "current market price" per share of Preferred Stock shall be conclusively
     deemed to be an amount equal to 1,000 (as such number may be appropriately
     adjusted for such events as stock splits, stock dividends and
     recapitalizations with respect to the Common Stock occurring after the date
     of this Agreement) multiplied by the current market price per share of the
     Common Stock. If neither the Common Stock nor the Preferred Stock is
     publicly held or so listed or traded, "current market price" per share of
     the Preferred Stock shall mean the fair value per share as determined in
     good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose determination
     shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be
     conclusive for all purposes. For all purposes of this Agreement, the
     "current market price" of one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock
     shall be equal to the "current market price" of one share of Preferred
     Stock divided by one-thousand (1,000).

          (e) Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, no adjustment in
the Purchase Price shall be required unless such adjustment would require an
increase or decrease of at least one percent (1%) in the Purchase Price;
provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of this Section 11(e)
are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken into account in
any subsequent adjustment. All calculations under this Section 11 shall be made
to the nearest cent or to the nearest ten-thousandth of a share of Common Stock
or other share or one-millionth of a share of Preferred Stock, as the case may
be. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 11(e), any adjustment
required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than the earlier of (i) three
(3) years from the date of the transaction which mandates such adjustment, or
(ii) the Expiration Date.

                                       16

<PAGE>

          (f)  If as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to Section 11(a)
(ii) or Section 13(a) hereof, the holder of any Right thereafter exercised shall
become entitled to receive any shares of capital stock other than Preferred
Stock, thereafter the number of such other shares so receivable upon exercise of
any Right and the Purchase Price thereof shall be subject to adjustment from
time to time in a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the
provisions with respect to the Preferred Stock contained in Sections 11(a), (b),
(c), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k) and (m), and the provisions of Sections 7, 9,
10, 13 and 14 hereof with respect to the Preferred Stock shall apply on like
terms to any such other shares.

         (g)   All Rights originally issued by the Company subsequent to any
adjustment made to the Purchase Price hereunder shall evidence the right to
purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, the number of one one-thousandths of a
share of Preferred Stock purchasable from time to time hereunder upon exercise
of the Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.

         (h)   Unless the Company shall have exercised its election as provided
in Section 11(i), upon each adjustment of the Purchase Price as a result of the
calculations made in Sections 11(b) and (c), each Right outstanding immediately
prior to the making of such adjustment shall thereafter evidence the right to
purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, that number of one one-thousandths of
a share of Preferred Stock (calculated to the nearest one millionth) obtained by
(i) multiplying (x) the number of one one-thousandths of a share covered by a
Right immediately prior to this adjustment, by (y) the Purchase Price in effect
immediately prior to such adjustment of the Purchase Price, and (ii) dividing
the product so obtained by the Purchase Price in effect immediately after such
adjustment of the Purchase Price.

         (i) The Company may elect on or after the date of any adjustment of the
Purchase Price to adjust the number of Rights, in lieu of any adjustment in the
number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock purchasable upon the
exercise of a Right. Each of the Rights outstanding after the adjustment in the
number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number of one one-thousandths of a
share of Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to
such adjustment. Each Right held of record prior to such adjustment of the
number of Rights shall become that number of Rights (calculated to the nearest
one ten-thousandth) obtained by dividing the Purchase Price in effect
immediately prior to adjustment of the Purchase Price by the Purchase Price in
effect immediately after adjustment of the Purchase Price. The Company shall
make a public announcement of its election to adjust the number of Rights,
indicating the record date for the adjustment, and, if known at the time, the
amount of the adjustment to be made. This record date may be the date on which
the Purchase Price is adjusted or any day thereafter, but, if the Rights
Certificates have been issued, shall be at least ten (10) days later than the
date of the public announcement. If Rights Certificates have been issued, upon
each adjustment of the number of Rights pursuant to this Section 11(i), the
Company shall, as promptly as practicable, cause to be distributed to holders of
record of Rights Certificates on such record date Rights Certificates
evidencing, subject to Section 14 hereof, the additional Rights to which such
holders shall be entitled as a result of such adjustment, or, at the option of
the Company, shall cause to be distributed to such holders of record in
substitution and replacement for the Rights Certificates held by such holders
prior to the date of adjustment, and upon surrender thereof, if required by the
Company, new Rights Certificates evidencing all the Rights to which such holders
shall be entitled after such adjustment. Rights Certificates so to be
distributed shall be issued, executed and countersigned in the manner provided
for herein (and may bear, at the option of the Company, the adjusted Purchase
Price) and shall be registered in the names of the holders of record of Rights
Certificates on the record date specified in the public announcement.

                                       17

<PAGE>

          (j)  Irrespective of any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price or
the number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock issuable upon
the exercise of the Rights, the Rights Certificates theretofore and thereafter
issued may continue to express the Purchase Price per one one-thousandth of a
share and the number of one one-thousandths of a share which were expressed in
the initial Rights Certificates issued hereunder.

          (k)  Before taking any action that would cause an adjustment reducing
the Purchase Price below the then par or stated value, if any, of the number of
one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock issuable upon exercise of the
Rights, the Company shall take any corporate action which may, in the opinion of
its counsel, be necessary in order that the Company may validly and legally
issue fully paid and nonassessable such number of one one-thousandths of a share
of Preferred Stock at such adjusted Purchase Price.

          (l)  In any case in which this Section 11 shall require that an
adjustment in the Purchase Price be made effective as of a record date for a
specified event, the Company may elect to defer until the occurrence of such
event the issuance to the holder of any Right exercised after such record date
the number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock and other
capital stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise
over and above the number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock
and other capital stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such
exercise on the basis of the Purchase Price in effect prior to such adjustment;
provided, however, that the Company shall deliver to such holder a due bill or
other appropriate instrument evidencing such holder's right to receive such
additional shares (fractional or otherwise) or securities upon the occurrence of
the event requiring such adjustment.

          (m)  Anything in this Section 11 to the contrary notwithstanding, the
Company shall be entitled to make such reductions in the Purchase Price, in
addition to those adjustments expressly required by this Section 11, as and to
the extent that in their good faith judgment the Board of Directors of the
Company shall determine to be advisable in order that any (i) consolidation or
subdivision of the Preferred Stock, (ii) issuance wholly for cash of any shares
of Preferred Stock at less than the current market price, (iii) issuance wholly
for cash of shares of Preferred Stock or securities which by their terms are
convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Preferred Stock, (iv) stock
dividend or (v) issuance of rights, options or warrants referred to in this
Section 11, hereafter made by the Company to holders of its Preferred Stock
shall not be taxable to such stockholders.

          (n)  The Company covenants and agrees that it shall not, at any time
after the Distribution Date, (i) consolidate with any other Person (other than a
Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o)
hereof), (ii) merge with or into any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of
the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), or (iii)
sell or transfer (or permit any Subsidiary to sell or transfer), in one
transaction, or a series of related transactions, assets or earning power
aggregating more than fifty percent (50%) of the assets or earning power of the
Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other Person or Persons
(other than the Company and or any of its Subsidiaries in one or more
transactions each of which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), if (x) at the
time of or immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale there are any
rights, warrants or other instruments or securities outstanding or agreements in
effect which would substantially diminish or otherwise eliminate the benefits
intended to be afforded by the Rights or (y) prior to, simultaneously with or
immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale, the stockholders of the
Person who constitutes, or would constitute, the "Principal Party" for the
purposes

                                       18

<PAGE>

of Section 13(a) hereof shall have received a distribution of Rights previously
owned by such Person or any of its Affiliates and Associates.

          (o)  The Company covenants and agrees that, after the Distribution
Date, it will not, except as permitted by Section 23, Section 24 or Section 27
hereof, take (or permit any Subsidiary to take) any action if at the time such
action is taken it is reasonably foreseeable that such action will diminish
substantially or otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the
Rights.

          (p)  Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in
the event that the Company shall at any time after the Rights Dividend
Declaration Date and prior to the Distribution Date (i) declare a dividend on
the outstanding shares of Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii)
subdivide the outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding Common
Stock into a smaller number of shares, the number of Rights associated with each
share of Common Stock then outstanding, or issued or delivered thereafter but
prior to the Distribution Date, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the
number of Rights thereafter associated with each share of Common Stock following
any such event shall equal the result obtained by multiplying the number of
Rights associated with each share of Common Stock immediately prior to such
event by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the total number of shares
of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the occurrence of the event and
the denominator of which shall be the total number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding immediately following the occurrence of such event.

     Section 12.  Certificate of Adjusted Purchase Price or Number of Shares.
Whenever an adjustment is made as provided in Section 11 and Section 13 hereof,
the Company shall (a) promptly prepare a certificate setting forth such
adjustment and a brief statement of the facts accounting for such adjustment,
(b) promptly file with the Rights Agent, and with each transfer agent for the
Preferred Stock and the Common Stock, a copy of such certificate, and (c) mail a
brief summary thereof to each holder of a Rights Certificate (or, if prior to
the Distribution Date, to each holder of a certificate representing shares of
Common Stock) in accordance with Section 26 hereof. Notwithstanding the
foregoing sentence, the failure of the Company to make such certification or
give such notice shall not affect the validity of such adjustment or the force
or effect of the requirement for such adjustment. The Rights Agent shall be
fully protected in relying on any such certificate and on any adjustment therein
contained.

     Section 13.  Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning
Power.

          (a)  In the event that, following the Stock Acquisition Date, directly
or indirectly, (x) the Company shall consolidate with, or merge with and into,
any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which
complies with Section 11(o) hereof), and the Company shall not be the continuing
or surviving corporation of such consolidation or merger, (y) any Person (other
than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section
11(o) hereof) shall consolidate with, or merge with or into, the Company, and
the Company shall be the continuing or surviving corporation of such
consolidation or merger and, in connection with such consolidation or merger,
all or part of the outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be changed into or
exchanged for stock or other securities of any other Person or cash or any other
property, or (z) the Company shall sell or otherwise transfer (or one or more of
its Subsidiaries shall sell or otherwise transfer), in one transaction or a
series of related transactions, assets or earning power aggregating more than
fifty percent (50%) of the assets or earning power of the Company and its
Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any Person or Persons (other than the Company
or any Subsidiary of the Company in one or

                                       19

<PAGE>

more transactions each of which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), then, and
in each such case, proper provision shall be made so that: (i) each holder of a
Right, except as provided in Section 7(e) hereof, shall thereafter have the
right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the then current Purchase Price
in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, such number of validly
authorized and issued, fully paid, nonassessable and freely tradable shares of
Common Stock of the Principal Party (as such term is hereinafter defined), not
subject to any liens, encumbrances, rights of first refusal or other adverse
claims, as shall be equal to the result obtained by (1) multiplying the then
current Purchase Price by the number of one one-thousandths of a share of
Preferred Stock for which a Right is exercisable immediately prior to the first
occurrence of a Section 13 Event (or, if a Section 11(a)(ii) Event has occurred
prior to the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event, multiplying the number of
such one one-thousandths of a share for which a Right was exercisable
immediately prior to the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event by the
Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such first occurrence), and (2)
dividing that product (which, following the first occurrence of a Section 13
Event, shall be referred to as the "Purchase Price" for each Right and for all
purposes of this Agreement) by fifty percent (50%) of the current market price
(determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) hereof) per share of the Common Stock
of such Principal Party on the date of consummation of such Section 13 Event;
(ii) such Principal Party shall thereafter be liable for, and shall assume, by
virtue of such Section 13 Event, all the obligations and duties of the Company
pursuant to this Agreement; (iii) the term "Company" shall thereafter be deemed
to refer to such Principal Party, it being specifically intended that the
provisions of Section 11 hereof shall apply only to such Principal Party
following the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event; (iv) such Principal Party
shall take such steps (including, but not limited to, the reservation of a
sufficient number of shares of its Common Stock) in connection with the
consummation of any such transaction as may be necessary to assure that the
provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as reasonably may
be, in relation to its shares of Common Stock thereafter deliverable upon the
exercise of the Rights; provided, however, that upon the subsequent occurrence
of any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all assets,
recapitalization, reclassification of shares, reorganization or other
extraordinary transaction in respect of such Principal Party, each holder of a
Right shall thereupon be entitled to receive, upon exercise of a Right a payment
of the Purchase Price, such cash, shares, rights, warrants and other property
which such holder would have been entitled to receive had he, at the time of
such transaction, owned the shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party
purchasable upon the exercise of a Right, and such Principal Party shall take
such steps (including, but not limited to, reservation of shares of stock) as
may be necessary to permit the subsequent exercise of the Rights in accordance
with the terms hereof for such cash, shares, rights, warrants and other
property; and (v) the provisions of Section 11(a)(ii) hereof shall be of no
effect following the first occurrence of any Section 13 Event.

          (b)  "Principal Party" shall mean:

               (i)  in the case of any transaction described in clause (x) or
     (y) of the first sentence of Section 13(a), the Person that is the issuer
     of any securities into which shares of Common Stock of the Company are
     converted in such merger or consolidation, and if no securities are so
     issued, the Person that is the other party to such merger or consolidation;
     and

               (ii) in the case of any transaction described in clause (z) of
     the first sentence of Section 13(a), the Person that is the party receiving
     the greatest portion of the assets or earning power transferred pursuant to
     such transaction or transactions;

                                       20

<PAGE>

provided, however, that in any such case, (1) if the Common Stock of such Person
is not at such time and has not been continuously over the preceding twelve (12)
month period registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, and such Person is
a direct or indirect Subsidiary of another Person the Common Stock of which is
and has been so registered, "Principal Party" shall refer to such other Person
whose Common Stock is so registered; and (2) in case such Person is a
Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, of more than one Person, the Common Stocks
of two or more of which are and have been so registered, "Principal Party" shall
refer to whichever of such Persons is the issuer of the Common Stock having the
greatest aggregate market value.

          (c)  If, for any reason, the Rights cannot be exercised for Common
Stock of such Principal Party as provided in Section 13(a), then each holder of
Rights shall have the right to exchange its Rights for cash from such Principal
Party in an amount equal to the number of shares of Common Stock that it would
otherwise be entitled to purchase times fifty percent (50%) of the current per
share market price, as determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof, of such
Common Stock of such Principal Party. If, for any reason, the foregoing
formulation cannot be applied to determine the cash amount into which the Rights
are exchangeable, then the Board of Directors, based upon the advice of one or
more nationally recognized investment banking firms, and based upon the total
value of the Company, shall determine such amount reasonably and with good faith
to the holders of Rights. Any such determination shall be final and binding on
the Rights Agent.

          (d)  Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
Section 13 shall not be applicable to a transaction described in clauses (x) and
(y) of Section 13(a) if: (i) such transaction is consummated with a Person or
Persons who acquired Common Stock pursuant to a Permitted Offer (or a
wholly-owned Subsidiary of any such Person or Persons); (ii) the price per share
of Common Stock offered in such transaction is not less than the price per share
of Common Stock paid to all holders of Common Stock whose shares were purchased
pursuant to such Permitted Offer; and (iii) the form of consideration being
offered to the remaining holders of Common Stock pursuant to such transaction is
the same form as the form of consideration paid pursuant to such Permitted
Offer. Upon consummation of any such transaction contemplated by this Section
13(d), all Rights hereunder shall expire.

          (e)  The Company shall not consummate any such consolidation, merger,
sale or transfer unless the Principal Party shall have a sufficient number of
authorized shares of its Common Stock which have not been issued or reserved for
issuance to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with this
Section 13 and unless prior thereto the Company and such Principal Party shall
have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent a supplemental agreement
providing for the terms set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section 13
and further providing that, as soon as practicable after the date of any
consolidation, merger or sale of assets mentioned in paragraph (a) of this
Section 13, the principal Party will:

          (i)  prepare and file a registration statement under the Act, with
     respect to the Rights and the securities purchasable upon exercise of the
     Rights on an appropriate form, and will use its best efforts to cause such
     registration statement to (A) become effective as soon as practicable after
     such filing and (B) remain effective (with a prospectus at all times
     meeting the requirements of the Act) until the Expiration Date;

                                       21

<PAGE>

               (ii) deliver to holders of the Rights historical financial
          statements for the Principal Party and each of its Affiliates which
          comply in all respects with the requirements for registration on Form
          10 under the Exchange Act;

               (iii) use its best efforts, if the Common Stock of the Principal
          Party shall become listed on a national securities exchange, to list
          (or continue the listing of) the Rights and the securities purchasable
          upon exercise of the Rights on such securities exchange and, if the
          Common Stock of the Principal Party shall not be listed on a national
          securities exchange, to cause the Rights and the securities
          purchasable upon exercise of the Rights to be reported by NASDAQ or
          such other system then in use; and

               (iv) obtain waivers of any rights of first refusal or preemptive
          rights in respect of the shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party
          subject to purchase upon exercise of outstanding Rights.

          (f)  The provisions of this Section 13 shall similarly apply to
successive mergers or consolidations or sales or other transfers. In the event
that a Section 13 Event shall occur at any time after the occurrence of a
Section 11(a)(ii) Event, the Rights which have not theretofore been exercised
shall thereafter become exercisable in the manner described in Section 13(a).

     Section 14.  Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares.

          (a)  The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Rights,
except prior to the Distribution Date as provided in Section 11(p) hereof, or to
distribute Rights Certificates which evidence fractional Rights. In lieu of such
fractional Rights, there shall be paid to the registered holders of the Rights
Certificates with regard to which such fractional Rights would otherwise be
issuable, an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market
value of a whole Right. For purposes of this Section 14(a), the current market
value of a whole Right shall be the closing price of the Rights for the Trading
Day immediately prior to the date on which such fractional Rights would have
been otherwise issuable. The closing price of the Rights for any day shall be
the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such
day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either
case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with
respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock
Exchange or, if the Rights are not listed or admitted to trading on the New York
Stock Exchange, as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting
system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities
exchange on which the Rights are listed or admitted to trading, or if the Rights
are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the
last quoted price or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low
asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by NASDAQ or such other
system then in use or, if on any such date the Rights are not quoted by any such
organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a
professional market maker making a market in the Rights selected by the Board of
Directors of the Company. If on any such date no such market maker is making a
market in the Rights the fair value of the Rights on such date as determined in
good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company shall be used.

          (b) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares of
Preferred Stock (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one
one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock) upon exercise of the Rights or to
distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of Preferred Stock
(other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a
share of

                                       22

<PAGE>

Preferred Stock). In lieu of fractional shares of Preferred Stock that are not
integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock, the
Company may pay to the registered holders of Rights Certificates at the time
such Rights are exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same
fraction of the current market value of one one-thousandth of a share of
Preferred Stock. For purposes of this Section 14(b), the current market value of
one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock shall be one-thousandth of the
closing price of a share of Preferred Stock (as determined pursuant to Section
11(d)(ii) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of such
exercise.

          (c)  Following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, the Company shall
not be required to issue fractions of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of
the Rights or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of
Common Stock. In lieu of fractional shares of Common Stock, the Company may pay
to the registered holders of Rights Certificates at the time such Rights are
exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the
current market value of one (1) share of Common Stock. For purposes of this
Section 14(c), the current market value of one share of Common Stock shall be
the closing price of one share of Common Stock (as determined pursuant to
Section 11(d)(i) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of
such exercise.

          (d)  The holder of a Right by the acceptance of the Rights expressly
waives his right to receive any fractional Rights or any fractional shares upon
exercise of a Right, except as permitted by this Section 14.

     Section 15.  Rights of Action. All rights of action in respect of this
Agreement are vested in the respective registered holders of the Rights
Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of the
Common Stock); and any registered holder of any Rights Certificate (or, prior to
the Distribution Date, of the Common Stock), without the consent of the Rights
Agent or of the holder of any other Rights Certificate (or, prior to the
Distribution Date, of the Common Stock), may, in his own behalf and for his own
benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding
against the Company to enforce, or otherwise act in respect of, his right to
exercise the Rights evidenced by such Rights Certificate in the manner provided
in such Rights Certificate and in this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing
or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is specifically
acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have an adequate remedy at law
for any breach of this Agreement and shall be entitled to specific performance
of the obligations hereunder and injunctive relief against actual or threatened
violations of the obligations hereunder of any Person subject to this Agreement.

     Section 16.  Agreement of Rights Holders. Every holder of a Right by
accepting the same consents and agrees with the Company and the Rights Agent and
with every other holder of a Right that:

          (a)  prior to the Distribution Date, the Rights will be transferable
only in connection with the transfer of Common Stock;

          (b)  after the Distribution Date, the Rights Certificates are
transferable only on the registry books of the Rights Agent if surrendered at
the principal office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such
purposes, duly endorsed or accompanied by proper instruments of transfer and
with the appropriate forms and certificates fully executed;

                                       23

<PAGE>

          (c)  subject to Section 6(a) and Section 7(f) hereof, the Company and
the Rights Agent may deem and treat the person in whose name a Rights
Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the associated Common Stock
certificate) is registered as the absolute owner thereof and of the Rights
evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or writing on the
Rights Certificates or the associated Common Stock certificate made by anyone
other than the Company or the Rights Agent) for all purposes whatsoever, and
neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall be required to be affected by any
notice to the contrary; and

          (d)  notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder
of a Right or other Person as a result of its inability to perform any of its
obligations under this Agreement by reason of any preliminary or permanent
injunction or other order, decree or ruling issued by a court of competent
jurisdiction or by a governmental, regulatory or administrative agency or
commission, or any statute, rule, regulation or executive order promulgated or
enacted by any governmental authority, prohibiting or otherwise restraining
performance of such obligation; provided, however, the Company must use its best
efforts to have any such order, decree or ruling lifted or otherwise overturned
as soon as possible.

     Section 17.  Rights Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder. No holder,
as such, of any Rights Certificate shall be entitled to vote, receive dividends
or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the number of one one-thousandths of
a share of Preferred Stock or any other securities of the Company which may at
any time be issuable on the exercise of the Rights represented thereby, nor
shall anything contained herein or in any Rights Certificate be construed to
confer upon the holder of any Rights Certificate, as such, any of the rights of
a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors
or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, or to give
or withhold consent to any corporate action, or to receive notice of meetings or
other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in Section 25 hereof),
or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Right or
Rights evidenced by such Rights Certificate shall have been exercised in
accordance with the provisions hereof.

     Section 18.  Concerning the Rights Agent.

          (a)  The Company agrees to pay to the Rights Agent reasonable
compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder and, from time to time,
on demand of the Rights Agent, its reasonable expenses and counsel fees and
disbursements and other disbursements incurred in the administration and
execution of this Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties
hereunder. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Rights Agent for, and to
hold it harmless against, any loss, liability, or expense, incurred without
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent, of
anything done or omitted by the Rights Agent in connection with the acceptance
and administration of this Agreement, including the costs and expenses of
defending against any claim of liability in the premises.

          (b)  The Rights Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability
for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in connection
with its administration of this Agreement in reliance upon any Rights
Certificate or certificate for Common Stock or for other securities of the
Company, instrument of assignment or transfer, power of attorney, endorsement,
affidavit, letter, notice, direction, consent, certificate, statement, or other
paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to be signed, executed and,
where necessary, verified or acknowledged, by the proper Person or Persons.

                                       24

<PAGE>

     Section 19.  Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent.

          (a)  Any corporation into which the Rights Agent or any successor
Rights Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated, or any
corporation resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Rights Agent
or any successor Rights Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to
the stock transfer or corporate trust business of the Rights Agent or any
successor Rights Agent, shall be the successor to the Rights Agent under this
Agreement without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the
part of any of the parties hereto; provided, however, that such corporation
would be eligible for appointment as a successor Rights Agent under the
provisions of Section 21 hereof. In case at the time such successor Rights Agent
shall succeed to the agency created by this Agreement, any of the Rights
Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, any such successor
Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of a predecessor Rights Agent and
deliver such Rights Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that time any
of the Rights Certificates shall not have been countersigned, any successor
Rights Agent may countersign such Rights Certificates either in the name of the
predecessor or in the name of the successor Rights Agent; and in all such cases
such Rights Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Rights
Certificates and in this Agreement.

          (b)  In case at any time the name of the Rights Agent shall be changed
and at such time any of the Rights Certificates shall have been countersigned
but not delivered, the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature under its
prior name and deliver Rights Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that
time any of the Rights Certificates shall not have been countersigned, the
Rights Agent may countersign such Rights Certificates either in its prior name
or in its changed name; and in all such cases such Rights Certificates shall
have the full force provided in the Rights Certificates and in this Agreement.

     Section 20.  Duties of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent undertakes the duties
and obligations imposed by this Agreement upon the following terms and
conditions, by all of which the Company and the holders of Rights Certificates,
by their acceptance thereof, shall be bound:

          (a)  The Rights Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be legal
counsel for the Company), and the opinion of such counsel shall be full and
complete authorization and protection to the Rights Agent as to any action taken
or omitted by it in good faith and in accordance with such opinion.

          (b)  Whenever in the performance of its duties under this Agreement
the Rights Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter
(including, without limitation, the identity of any Acquiring Person and the
determination of "current market price") be proved or established by the Company
prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder such fact or matter (unless
other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may be
deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a certificate signed by the
Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer, any
Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Rights Agent; and such certificate shall be full authorization
to the Rights Agent for any action taken or suffered in good faith by it under
the provisions of this Agreement in reliance upon such certificate.

          (c) The Rights Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct.

                                       25

<PAGE>

          (d)  The Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any of
the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement or in the Rights
Certificates or be required to verify the same (except as to its
countersignature on such Rights Certificates), but all such statements and
recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only.

          (e)  The Rights Agent shall not be under any responsibility with
respect to the validity of this Agreement or the execution and delivery hereof
(except the due execution hereof by the Rights Agent) or with respect to the
validity or execution of any Rights Certificate (except its countersignature
thereof); nor shall it be responsible for any breach by the Company of any
covenant or condition contained in this Agreement or in any Rights Certificate;
nor shall it be responsible for any adjustment required under the provisions of
Section 11 or Section 13 hereof or responsible for the manner, method or amount
of any such adjustment or the ascertaining of the existence of facts that would
require any such adjustment (except with respect to the exercise of Rights
evidenced by Rights Certificates after actual notice of any such adjustment);
nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any representation or
warranty as to the authorization or reservation of any shares of Common Stock or
Preferred Stock to be issued pursuant to this Agreement or any Rights
Certificate or as to whether any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock will,
when so issued, be validly authorized and issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

          (f)  The Company agrees that it will perform, execute, acknowledge and
deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and delivered all such
further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required
by the Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by the Rights Agent of
the provisions of this Agreement.

          (g)  The Rights Agent is hereby authorized and directed to accept
instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder from the
Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Secretary, any
Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer of the Company,
and to apply to such officers for advice or instructions in connection with its
duties, and it shall not be liable for any action taken or suffered to be taken
by it in good faith in accordance with instructions of any such officer.

          (h)  The Rights Agent and any stockholder, director, officer or
employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the Rights or other
securities of the Company or become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in
which the Company may be interested, or contract with or lend money to the
Company or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not Rights Agent
under this Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude the Rights Agent from acting
in any other capacity for the Company or for any other legal entity.

          (i) The Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights or
powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself or by or
through its attorneys or agents, and the Rights Agent shall not be answerable or
accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any such attorneys or
agents or for any loss to the Company resulting from any such act, default,
neglect or misconduct; provided, however, reasonable care was exercised in the
selection and continued employment thereof.

          (j)  No provision of this Agreement shall require the Rights Agent to
expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the
performance of any of its duties hereunder

                                       26

<PAGE>

or in the exercise of its rights if there shall be reasonable grounds for
believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnification against such
risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

          (k) If, with respect to any Right Certificate surrendered to the
Rights Agent for exercise or transfer, the certificate attached to the form of
assignment or form of election to purchase, as the case may be, has either not
been completed or indicates an affirmative response to clause 1 and/or 2
thereof, the Rights Agent shall not take any further action with respect to such
requested exercise of transfer without first consulting with the Company.

     Section 21. Change of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent or any successor
Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this Agreement
upon thirty (30) days' notice in writing, mailed to the Company, and to each
transfer agent of the Common Stock and Preferred Stock by registered or
certified mail, and to the holders of the Rights Certificates by first-class
mail. The Company may remove the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent upon
thirty (30) days' notice in writing, mailed to the Rights Agent or successor
Rights Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer agent of the Common Stock
and Preferred Stock, by registered or certified mail, and to the holders of the
Rights Certificates by first-class mail. If the Rights Agent shall resign or be
removed or shall otherwise become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint
a successor to the Rights Agent. If the Company shall fail to make such
appointment within a period of thirty (30) days after giving notice of such
removal or after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or
incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated Rights Agent or by the holder of a
Rights Certificate (who shall, with such notice, submit his Rights Certificate
for inspection by the Company), then any registered holder of any Rights
Certificate may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for an appointment
of a new Rights Agent. Any successor Rights Agent, whether appointed by the
Company or by such a court, shall be (a) a corporation organized and doing
business under the law of the United States or of the State of California (or of
any other state of the United States so long as such corporation is authorized
to do business as a banking institution in the State of California), in good
standing, having a principal office in the State of California, which is
authorized under such laws to exercise stock transfer or corporate trust powers
and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority and
which has at the time of its appointment as Rights Agent a combined capital and
surplus of at least $100,000,000, or (b) an Affiliate of a corporation described
in clause (a) of this sentence. After appointment, the successor Rights Agent
shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if
it had been originally named as Rights Agent without further act or deed; but
the predecessor Rights Agent shall deliver and transfer to the successor Rights
Agent any property at the time held by it hereunder, and execute and deliver any
further assurance, conveyance, act or deed necessary for the purpose. Not later
than the effective date of any such appointment, the Company shall file notice
thereof in writing with the predecessor Rights Agent and each transfer agent of
the Common Stock and the Preferred Stock, and mail a notice thereof in writing
to the registered holders of the Rights Certificates. Failure to give any notice
provided for in this Section 21, however, or any defect therein, shall not
affect the legality or validity of the resignation or removal of the Rights
Agent or the appointment of the successor Rights Agent, as the case may be.

     Section 22. Issuance of New Rights Certificates. Notwithstanding any of the
provisions of this Agreement or of the Rights to the contrary, the Company may,
at its option, issue new Rights Certificates evidencing Rights in such form as
may be approved by its Board of Directors to reflect any adjustment or change in
the Purchase Price and the number or kind or class of shares or other securities
or property purchasable under the Rights Certificates made in accordance with
the provisions of this Agreement. In addition, in connection with the issuance
or sale of shares of Common Stock following

                                       27

<PAGE>

the Distribution Date and prior to the redemption or expiration of the Rights,
the Company (a) shall, with respect to shares of Common Stock so issued or sold
pursuant to the exercise of stock options or under any employee plan or
arrangement, or upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of securities
hereinafter issued by the Company, and (b) may, in any other case, if deemed
necessary or appropriate by the Board of Directors of the Company, issue Rights
Certificates representing the appropriate number of Rights in connection with
such issuance or sale; provided, however, that (i) no such Rights Certificate
shall be issued if, and to the extent that, the Company shall be advised by
counsel that such issuance would create a significant risk of material adverse
tax consequences to the Company or the Person to whom such Rights Certificate
would be issued, and (ii) no such Rights Certificate shall be issued if, and to
the extent that appropriate adjustment shall otherwise have been made in lieu of
the issuance thereof.

     Section 23. Redemption.

          (a) The Board of Directors of the Company may, at its option, at any
time prior to the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on the tenth day
following the Stock Acquisition Date, or such later date as may be determined by
action of a majority of the Board of Directors then in office and publicly
announced by the Company (or, if the Stock Acquisition Date shall have occurred
prior to the Record Date, the Close of Business on the tenth day following the
Record Date, or such later date as may be determined by action of a majority of
the Board of Directors then in office and publicly announced by the Company), or
(ii) the Final Expiration Date, redeem all but not less than all of the then
outstanding Rights at a redemption price of $0.001 per Right, as such amount may
be appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar
transaction occurring after the date hereof (such redemption price being
hereinafter referred to as the "Redemption Price"). Notwithstanding anything
contained in this Agreement to the contrary, a Distribution Date shall not occur
and the Rights shall not be exercisable until such time as the Company's right
of redemption hereunder has expired. The Company may, at its option, pay the
Redemption Price in cash, shares of Common Stock (based on the "current market
price", as defined in Section 11(d)(i) hereof, of the Common Stock at the time
of redemption) or any other form of consideration deemed appropriate by the
Board of Directors.

          (b) Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors of the
Company ordering the redemption of the Rights, evidence of which shall have been
filed with the Rights Agent and without any further action and without any
notice, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right
thereafter of the holders of Rights shall be to receive the Redemption Price for
each Right so held. Promptly after the action of the Board of Directors ordering
the redemption of the Rights, the Company shall give notice of such redemption
to the Rights Agent and the holders of the then outstanding Rights by mailing
such notice to all such holders at each holder's last address as it appears upon
the registry books of the Rights Agent or, prior to the Distribution Date, on
the registry books of the Transfer Agent for the Common Stock. Any notice which
is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not
the holder receives the notice. Each such notice of redemption will state the
method by which the payment of the Redemption Price will be made.

          Section 24. Exchange.

          (a) Subject to applicable laws, rules and regulations, and subject to
subsection (c) below, the Company may, at its option, by majority vote of the
Board of Directors, at any time after the occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii)
Event, exchange all or part of the then outstanding and exercisable

                                       28

<PAGE>

Rights (which shall not include Rights that have become void pursuant to the
provisions of Section 7(e) hereof) for Common Stock in an amount per Right
(appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar
transaction occurring after the date hereof) as shall equal the result obtained
by (x) multiplying the then current Purchase Price by the then number of one
one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable
immediately prior to the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, (y)
dividing that product by fifty percent (50%) of the current market price
(determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) per share of Common Stock on the
date of such first occurrence, and (z) multiplying that quotient by fifty
percent (50%) (such exchange ratio being hereinafter referred to as the "Ratio
of Exchange"). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board of Directors shall not
be empowered to effect such exchange at any time after any Person (other than
the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, any employee benefit plan of the
Company or any such Subsidiary, or any entity holding Common Stock for or
pursuant to the terms of any such plan), together with all Affiliates and
Associates of such Person, becomes the Beneficial Owner of fifty percent (50%)
or more of the Common Stock then outstanding.

          (b) Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors ordering the
exchange of any Rights pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section 24 and without
any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise such Rights
shall terminate and the only right thereafter of a holder of such rights shall
be to receive that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of such
Rights held by such holder multiplied by the Ratio of Exchange. The Company
shall give public notice of any such exchange; provided, however, that the
failure to give, or any defect in, such notice shall not affect the validity of
such exchange. The Company shall mail a notice of any such exchange to all of
the holders of such Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon the
registry books of the Rights Agent. Any notice which is mailed in the manner
herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the
notice. Each such notice of exchange will state the method by which the exchange
of the Common Stock for Rights will be effected and, in the event of any partial
exchange, the number of Rights which will be exchanged. Any partial exchange
shall be effected pro rata based on the number of Rights (other than Rights
which have become void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7(e) hereof) held
by each holder of Rights.

          (c) In the event that there shall not be sufficient shares of Common
Stock issued but not outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit any
exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with Section 24(a), the Company
shall either take such action as may be necessary to authorize additional Common
Stock for issuance upon exchange of the Rights or alternatively, at the option
of a majority of the Board of Directors, with respect to each Right (i) pay cash
in an amount equal to the Current Value (as hereinafter defined), in lieu of
issuing Common Stock in exchange therefor, or (ii) issue debt or equity
securities or a combination thereof, having a value equal to the Current Value
(as defined below), in lieu of issuing Common Stock in exchange for each such
Right, where the value of such securities shall be determined by a nationally
recognized investment banking firm selected by the Board of Directors by
majority vote of the Board of Directors, or (iii) deliver any combination of
cash, property, Common Stock and/or other securities having a value equal to the
Current Value in exchange for each Right. For purposes of this Section 24(c)
only, the Current Value shall mean the product of the current per share market
price of Common Stock (determined pursuant to Section 11(d) on the date of the
occurrence of the event described above in subparagraph (a)) multiplied by the
number of shares of Common Stock for which the Right otherwise would be
exchangeable if there were sufficient shares available. To the extent that the
Company determines that some action need be taken pursuant to clauses (i), (ii)
or (iii) of this Section 24(c), the Board of Directors may temporarily suspend
the exercisability of the Rights for a period of up to sixty (60) days

                                       29

<PAGE>

following the date on which the event described in Section 24(a) shall have
occurred, in order to seek any authorization of additional shares of Common
Stock and/or to decide the appropriate form of distribution to be made pursuant
to the above provision and to determine the value thereof. In the event of any
such suspension, the Company shall issue a public announcement stating that the
exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended.

          (d) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares of
Common Stock or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of
Common Stock. In lieu of such fractional shares of Common Stock, there shall be
paid to the registered holders of the Rights Certificates with regard to which
such fractional shares of Common Stock would otherwise be issuable, an amount in
cash equal to the same fraction of the current per share market value of a whole
share of Common Stock (as determined pursuant to the second sentence of Section
11(d) hereof).

          (e) The Company may, at its option, by majority vote of the Board of
Directors, at any time before any Person has become an Acquiring Person,
exchange all or part of the then outstanding Rights for rights of substantially
equivalent value, as determined reasonably and with good faith by the Board of
Directors, based upon the advice of one or more nationally recognized investment
banking firms.

          (f) Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors ordering the
exchange of any Rights pursuant to subsection (e) of this Section 24 and without
any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise such Rights
shall terminate and the only right thereafter of a holder of such Rights shall
be to receive that number of rights in exchange therefor as has been determined
by the Board of Directors in accordance with subsection (e) above. The Company
shall give public notice of any such exchange; provided, however, that the
failure to give, or any defect in, such notice shall not affect the validity of
such exchange. The Company shall mail a notice of any such exchange to all of
the holders of such Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon the
registry books of the transfer agent for the Common Stock of the Company. Any
notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given,
whether or not the holder receives the notice. Each such notice of exchange will
state the method by which the exchange of the Rights will be effected.

     Section 25. Notice of Certain Events.

          (a) In case the Company shall propose, at any time after the
Distribution Date, (i) to pay any dividend payable in stock of any class to the
holders of Preferred Stock or to make any other distribution to the holders of
Preferred Stock (other than a regular cash dividend out of earnings or retained
earnings of the Company), or (ii) to offer to the holders of Preferred Stock
rights or warrants to subscribe for or to purchase any additional shares of
Preferred Stock or shares of stock of any class or any other securities, rights
or options, or (iii) to effect any reclassification of its Preferred Stock
(other than a reclassification involving only the subdivision of outstanding
shares of Preferred Stock), or (iv) to effect any consolidation or merger into
or with any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a
transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), or to effect any sale or
other transfer (or to permit one or more of its Subsidiaries to effect any sale
or other transfer), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, of
more than fifty percent (50%) of the assets or earning power of the Company and
its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other Person or Persons (other than
the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries in one or more transactions each of
which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), or (v) to effect the liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of the Company, or (vi) to declare or pay any dividend
on the Common Stock payable in Common Stock or to effect a

                                       30

<PAGE>

subdivision, consolidation or combination of the Common Stock (by
reclassification or otherwise than by payment in dividends in Common Stock),
then, in each such case, the Company shall give to each holder of a Rights
Certificate, to the extent feasible and in accordance with Section 26 hereof, a
notice of such proposed action, which shall specify the record date for the
purposes of such stock dividend, distribution of rights or warrants, or the date
on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer,
liquidation, dissolution, or winding up is to take place and the date of
participation therein by the holders of the shares of Preferred Stock, if any
such date is to be fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the case of any
action covered by clause (i) or (ii) above at least ten (10) days prior to the
record date for determining holders of the shares of Preferred Stock for
purposes of such action, and in the case of any such other action, at least ten
(10) days prior to the date of the taking of such proposed action or the date of
participation therein by the holders of the shares of Preferred Stock whichever
shall be the earlier.

          (b) In case any of the events set forth in Section 11(a)(ii) hereof
shall occur, then, in any such case, (i) the Company shall as soon as
practicable thereafter give to each holder of a Rights Certificate, to the
extent feasible and in accordance with Section 26 hereof, a notice of the
occurrence of such event, which shall specify the event and the consequences of
the event to holders of Rights under Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, and (ii) all
references in the preceding paragraph to Preferred Stock shall be deemed
thereafter to refer to Common Stock and/or, if appropriate, other securities.

     Section 26. Notices. Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be
given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Rights Certificate to
or on the Company shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class
mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing with
the Rights Agent) as follows:

          Cortex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
          15241 Barranca Parkway
          Irvine, California  92618
          Attn:  Chief Financial Officer

Subject to the provisions of Section 21, any notice or demand authorized by this
Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder of any Rights
Certificate to or on the Rights Agent shall be sufficiently given or made if
sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is
filed in writing with the Company) as follows:

          American Stock Transfer & Trust Company
          59 Maiden Lane
          New York, New York  10038
          Attn:  Corporate Vice President

Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the
Company or the Rights Agent to the holder of any Rights Certificate (or, if
prior to the Distribution Date, to the holder of certificates representing
shares of Common Stock) shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by
first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such holder at the address of
such holder as shown on the registry books of the Company.

                                       31

<PAGE>

     Section 27. Supplements and Amendments. This Agreement may be supplemented
or amended at the times and for the purposes set forth below. Prior to the
Distribution Date, the Company and the Rights Agent shall, if the Company so
directs, supplement or amend any provision of this Agreement without the
approval of any holders of certificates representing shares of Common Stock.
From and after the Distribution Date, the Company and the Rights Agent shall, if
the Company so directs, supplement or amend this Agreement without the approval
of any holders of Rights Certificates in order (i) to cure any ambiguity, (ii)
to correct or supplement any provision contained herein which may be defective
or inconsistent with any other provisions herein, (iii) to shorten or lengthen
any time period hereunder, or (iv) to change or supplement the provisions
hereunder in any manner which the Company may deem necessary or desirable and
which shall not adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights
Certificates (other than an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an
Acquiring Person); provided, however, this Agreement may not be supplemented or
amended to lengthen, pursuant to clause (iii) of this sentence, (A) a time
period relating to when the Rights may be redeemed at such time as the Rights
are not then redeemable, or (B) any other time period unless such lengthening is
for the purpose of protecting, enhancing or clarifying the rights of, and/or the
benefits to, the holders of Rights. Upon the delivery of a certificate from an
appropriate officer of the Company which states that the proposed supplement or
amendment is in compliance with the terms of this Section 27, the Rights Agent
shall execute such supplement or amendment. Prior to the Distribution Date, the
interests of the holders of Rights shall be deemed coincident with the interests
of the holders of Common Stock.

     Section 28. Successors. All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement
by or for the benefit of the Company or the Rights Agent shall bind and inure to
the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.

     Section 29. Determinations and Actions by the Board of Directors, etc. For
all purposes of this Agreement, any calculation of the number of shares of
Common Stock outstanding at any particular time, including for purposes of
determining the particular percentage of such outstanding shares of Common Stock
of which any Person is the Beneficial Owner, shall be made in accordance with
the last sentence of Rule 13d-3(d)(1)(i) of the General Rules and Regulations
under the Exchange Act. The Board of Directors of the Company shall have the
exclusive power and authority to administer this Agreement and to exercise all
rights and powers specifically granted to the Board or to the Company, or as may
be necessary or advisable in the administration of this Agreement, including,
without limitation, the right and power to (i) interpret the provisions of this
Agreement, and (ii) make all determinations deemed necessary or advisable for
the administration of this Agreement (including a determination to redeem or not
redeem the Rights or to amend the Agreement). All such actions, calculations,
interpretations and determinations (including, for purposes of clause (y) below,
all omissions with respect to the foregoing) which are done or made by the Board
in good faith, shall (x) be final, conclusive and binding on the Company, the
Rights Agent, the holders of the Rights and all other parties, and (y) not
subject the Board to any liability to the holders of the Rights.

     Section 30. Benefits of this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement shall be
construed to give to any person other than the Company, the Rights Agent and the
registered holders of the Rights Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution
Date, registered holders of the Common Stock) any legal or equitable right,
remedy or claim under this Agreement; but this Agreement shall be for the sole
and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Rights Agent and the registered
holders of the Rights Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date,
registered holders of the Common Stock).

                                       32

<PAGE>

     Section 31. Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction
of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other
authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms,
provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in full
force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated;
provided, however, that notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary, if any such term, provision, covenant or restriction is held by such
court or authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable and the Board of
Directors of the Company determines in its good faith judgment that severing the
invalid language from this Agreement would adversely affect the purpose or
effect of this Agreement, the right of redemption set forth in Section 23 hereof
shall be reinstated and shall not expire until the Close of Business on the
tenth day following the date of such determination by the Board of Directors.

     Section 32. Governing Law. This Agreement, each Right and each Rights
Certificate issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract made under the
laws of the State of Delaware and for all purposes shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of such State applicable to contracts made
and to be performed entirely within such State.

     Section 33. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts and each such counterpart shall for all purposes be deemed to be an
original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the
same instrument.

     Section 34. Descriptive Headings. Descriptive headings of the several
Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not
control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be
duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

                                       CORTEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.,
                                       a Delaware corporation

                                        /s/ Vincent F. Simmon
                                       --------------------------------
                                       By: VINCENT F. SIMMON
                                       Its: PRESIDENT & CEO

                                       AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY,
                                       a New York corporation

                                        /S/ Herbert J. Lemmer
                                       --------------------------------
                                       By: HERBERT J. LEMMER
                                       Its: VICE PRESIDENT

                                       33

<PAGE>

                CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION OF RIGHTS, PREFERENCES
                                AND PRIVILEGES OF

                  SERIES A JUNIOR PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK

                                       OF

                          CORTEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

             Pursuant to Section 151 of the General Corporation Law
                            of the State of Delaware

     Vincent F. Simmon, Ph.D., the President and Chief Executive Officer, and
Maria S. Messinger, the Chief Financial Officer of Cortex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
a corporation organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware, in accordance with the provisions of Section 103 thereof, DO
HEREBY CERTIFY:

     That pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors by the
Certificate of Incorporation of said Corporation, the Board of Directors on
February 5, 2002, adopted the following resolution creating a series of 35,000
shares of Preferred Stock designated as Series A Junior Participating Preferred
Stock:

     "RESOLVED, that pursuant to the authority vested in the Board of Directors
of the corporation by the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors
does hereby provide for the issue of a series of Preferred Stock, $.001 par
value, of the Corporation, to be designated "Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Stock," initially consisting of 35,000 shares and to the extent that
the designations, powers, preferences and relative and other special rights and
the qualifications, limitations and restrictions of the Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock are not stated and expressed in the Certificate of
Incorporation, does hereby fix and herein state and express such designations,
powers, preferences and relative and other special rights and the
qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, as follows (all terms used
herein which are defined in the Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to
have the meanings provided therein):

     Section 1. Designation and Amount. The shares of such series shall be
designated as "Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock," par value $.001
per share, and the number of shares constituting such series shall be 35,000.

     Section 2. Dividends and Distributions.

          (A) Subject to the prior and superior right of the holders of any
shares of any series of Preferred Stock ranking prior and superior to the shares
of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock with respect to dividends, the
holders of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall be
entitled to receive when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors out of
funds legally available for the purpose, quarterly dividends payable in cash on
the last day of

<PAGE>

September, December, March and June in each year (each such date being referred
to herein as a "Quarterly Dividend Payment Date"), commencing on the first
Quarterly Dividend Payment Date after the first issuance of a share or fraction
of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, in an amount per
share (rounded to the nearest cent) equal to, subject to the provision for
adjustment hereinafter set forth, 1,000 times the aggregate per share amount of
all cash dividends, and 1,000 times the aggregate per share amount (payable in
kind) of all non-cash dividends or other distributions other than a dividend
payable in shares of Common Stock or a subdivision of the outstanding shares of
Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise), declared on the Common Stock of
the Corporation (the "Common Stock") since the immediately preceding Quarterly
Dividend Payment Date, or, with respect to the first Quarterly Dividend Payment
Date, since the first issuance of any share or fraction of a share of Series A
Junior Participating Preferred Stock. In the event the Corporation shall at any
time after February 5, 2002 (the "Rights Declaration Date") (i) declare any
dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the
outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding Common Stock into a
smaller number of shares, then in each such case, the amount to which holders of
shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock were entitled
immediately prior to such event under the preceding sentence shall be adjusted
by multiplying such amount by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number
of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the
denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were
outstanding immediately prior to such event.

          (B) The Corporation shall declare a dividend or distribution on the
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock as provided in paragraph (A) above
immediately after it declares a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock.

          (C) Dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative on outstanding
shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock from the Quarterly
Dividend Payment Date next preceding the date of issue of such shares of Series
A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, unless the date of issue of such shares
is prior to the record date for the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in
which case dividends on such shares shall begin to accrue from the date of issue
of such shares, or unless the date of issue is a Quarterly Dividend Payment Date
or is a date after the record date for the determination of holders of shares of
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock entitled to receive a quarterly
dividend and before such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in either of which
events such dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative from such
Quarterly Dividend Payment Date. Accrued but unpaid dividends shall not bear
interest. Dividends paid on the shares of Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Stock in an amount less than the total amount of such dividends at the
time accrued and payable on such shares shall be allocated pro rata on a
share-by-share basis among all such shares at the time outstanding. The Board of
Directors may fix a record date for the determination of holders of shares of
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock entitled to receive payment of a
dividend or distribution declared thereon, which record date shall be no more
than thirty (30) days prior to the date fixed for the payment thereof.

     Section 3. Voting Rights. The holders of shares of Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock shall have the following voting rights:

          (A) Subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth,
each share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall entitle the
holder thereof to 1,000 votes on all

                                       2

<PAGE>

matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation. In the event
the Corporation shall at any time after the Rights Declaration Date (i) declare
any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide
the outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding Common Stock into
a smaller number of shares, then in each such case the number of votes per share
to which holders of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock were
entitled immediately prior to such event shall be adjusted by multiplying such
number by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common
Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is
the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to
such event.

          (B) Except as otherwise provided herein or by law, the holders of
shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock and the holders of
shares of Common Stock shall vote together as one class on all matters submitted
to a vote of stockholders of the Corporation.

          (C) Except as required by law, holders of Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock shall have no special voting rights and their
consent shall not be required (except to the extent they are entitled to vote
with holders of Common Stock as set forth herein) for taking any corporate
action.

     Section 4. Certain Restrictions.

          (A) The Corporation shall not declare any dividend on, make any
distribution on, or redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration
any shares of Common Stock after the first issuance of a share or fraction of a
share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock unless concurrently
therewith it shall declare a dividend on the Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Stock as required by Section 2 hereof.

          (B) Whenever quarterly dividends or other dividends or distributions
payable on the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock as provided in
Section 2 are in arrears, thereafter and until all accrued and unpaid dividends
and distributions, whether or not declared, on shares of Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock outstanding shall have been paid in full, the
Corporation shall not:

               (i) declare or pay dividends on, make any other distributions on,
or redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of stock
ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding up) to the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock;

               (ii) declare or pay dividends on, make any other distributions on
any shares of stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Stock, except dividends paid ratably on the Series A Junior
Participating Preferred stock and all such parity stock on which dividends are
payable or in arrears in proportion to the total amounts to which the holders of
all such shares are then entitled;

               (iii) redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration
shares of any stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Stock, provided that the Corporation may at

                                       3

<PAGE>

any time redeem purchase or otherwise acquire shares of any such parity stock in
exchange for shares of any stock of the Corporation ranking junior (either as to
dividends or upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up) to the Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock; or

               (iv) purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares
of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, or any shares of stock ranking
on a parity with the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, except in
accordance with a purchase offer made in writing or by publication (as
determined by the Board of Directors) to all holders of such shares upon such
terms as the Board of Directors, after consideration of the respective annual
dividend rates and other relative rights and preferences of the respective
series and classes, shall determine in good faith will result in fair and
equitable treatment among the respective series or classes.

          (C) The Corporation shall not permit any subsidiary of the Corporation
to purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of stock of the
Corporation unless the Corporation could, under paragraph (A) of this Section 4,
purchase or otherwise acquire such shares at such time and in such manner.

     Section 5. Reacquired Shares. Any shares of Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Stock purchased or otherwise acquired by the Corporation in any manner
whatsoever shall be retired and cancelled promptly after the acquisition
thereof. All such shares shall upon their cancellation become authorized but
unissued shares of Preferred Stock and may be reissued as part of a new series
of Preferred Stock to be created by resolution or resolutions of the Board of
Directors, subject to the conditions and restrictions on issuance set forth
herein.

     Section 6. Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up.

          (A) Upon any liquidation (voluntary or otherwise), dissolution or
winding up of the Corporation, no distribution shall be made to the holders of
shares of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation,
dissolution or winding up) to the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock
unless, prior thereto, the holders of shares of Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Stock shall have received an amount equal to accrued and unpaid
dividends and distributions thereon, whether or not declared, to the date of
such payment, plus an amount equal to the greater of (1) $1,000.00 per share,
provided that in the event the Corporation does not have sufficient assets,
after payment of its liabilities and distribution to holders of Preferred Stock
ranking prior to the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, available to
permit payment in full of the $1,000.00 per share amount, the amount required to
be paid under this Section 6(A)(1) shall, subject to Section 6(B) hereof, equal
the value of the amount of available assets divided by the number of outstanding
shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock or (2) subject to the
provisions for adjustment hereinafter set forth, 1,000 times the aggregate per
share amount to be distributed to the holders of Common Stock (the greater of
(1) or (2), the "Series A Liquidation Preference"). In the event the Corporation
shall at any time after the Rights Declaration Date (i) declare any dividend on
Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding
Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding Common Stock into a smaller
number of shares, then in each such case the amount to which holders of shares
of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior
to such event under clause (2) of the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by
multiplying such amount by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of
shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately after such

                                       4

<PAGE>

event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that
were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

          (B) In the event, however, that there are not sufficient assets
available to permit payment in full of the Series A Liquidation Preference and
the liquidation preferences of all other series of Preferred Stock, if any,
which rank on a parity with the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock,
then such remaining assets shall be distributed ratably to the holders of such
parity shares in proportion to their respective liquidation preferences.

     Section 7. Consolidation, Merger, etc. In case the Corporation shall enter
into any consolidation, merger, combination or other transaction in which the
shares of Common Stock are exchanged for or changed into other stock or
securities, cash and/or any other property, then in any such case the shares of
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall at the same time be
similarly exchanged or changed in amount per share (subject to the provision for
adjustment hereinafter set forth) equal to 1,000 times the aggregate amount of
stock, securities, cash and/or any other property (payable in kind), as the case
may be, into which or for which each share of Common Stock is changed or
exchanged. In the event the Corporation shall at any time after the Rights
Declaration Date (i) declare any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of
Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) combine the
outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each such case
the amount set forth in the preceding sentence with respect to the exchange or
change of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall be
adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction the numerator of which is the
number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and
the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were
outstanding immediately prior to such event.

     Section 8. Redemption. The shares of Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Stock shall not be redeemable.

     Section 9. Ranking. The Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall
rank junior to all other series of the Corporation's Preferred Stock as to the
payment of dividends and the distribution of assets, unless the terms of any
such series shall provide otherwise. The Series A Junior Participating Preferred
Stock shall rank senior to the Corporation's Common Stock.

     Section 10. Amendment. The Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation
shall not be further amended in any manner which would materially alter or
change the powers, preference or special rights of the Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock so as to affect them adversely without the
affirmative vote of the holders of a majority or more of the outstanding shares
of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, voting separately as a class.

     Section 11. Fractional Shares. Series A Junior Participating Preferred
Stock may be issued in fractions of a share which shall entitle the holder, in
proportion to such holder's fractional shares, to exercise voting rights,
receive dividends, participate in distributions and to have the benefit of all
other rights of holders of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock.

                                       5

<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have executed and subscribed this Certificate and do
affirm the foregoing as true under the penalties of perjury this 8th day of
February, 2002.

                                       ----------------------------------------
                                       Vincent F. Simmon
                                       President and Chief Executive Officer

ATTEST:

-----------------------------------
Maria S. Messinger
Chief Financial Officer

                                       6

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT B
                           Form of Rights Certificate

Certificate No. R-____________                                  _________ Rights

     NOT EXERCISABLE AFTER FEBRUARY 15, 2012, OR EARLIER IF TERMINATED BY THE
     COMPANY. THE RIGHTS ARE SUBJECT TO REDEMPTION, AT THE OPTION OF THE
     COMPANY, AT $0.001 PER RIGHT ON THE TERMS SET FORTH IN THE RIGHTS
     AGREEMENT. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, RIGHTS BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY AN
     ACQUIRING PERSON OR AN AFFILIATE OR ASSOCIATE OF AN ACQUIRING PERSON (AS
     SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT) AND ANY SUBSEQUENT HOLDER
     OF SUCH RIGHTS MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID. [THE RIGHTS REPRESENTED BY THIS
     RIGHTS CERTIFICATE ARE OR WERE BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY A PERSON WHO WAS OR
     BECAME AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR AN AFFILIATE OR ASSOCIATE OF AN ACQUIRING
     PERSON (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT). ACCORDINGLY,
     THIS RIGHTS CERTIFICATE AND THE RIGHTS REPRESENTED HEREBY MAY BECOME NULL
     AND VOID IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES SPECIFIED IN SECTION 7(e) OF SUCH RIGHTS
     AGREEMENT.]*

                               Rights Certificate

     This certifies that ______________________________________, or registered
assigns, is the registered owner of the number of Rights set forth above, each
of which entitles the owner thereof, subject to the terms, provisions and
conditions of the Rights Agreement, dated as of February 8, 2002, as such
agreement may be amended from time to time in accordance with its terms (the
"Rights Agreement"), between Cortex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (the "Company"), and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, a New
York corporation (the "Rights Agent"), to purchase from the Company at any time
after the Distribution Date (as such term is defined in the Rights Agreement)
and prior to 5:00 P.M., Pacific Coast time, on February 15, 2012, at the office
of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, or at the office of its
successor as Rights Agent, one one-thousandth of a fully paid non-assessable
share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (the "Preferred Shares"),
of the Company, at a purchase price of $75 per one one-thousandth of a Preferred
Share (the "Purchase Price"), upon presentation and surrender of this Rights
Certificate with the form of Election to Purchase and related Certificate duly
executed. The number of Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate (and the
number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share which may be purchased upon
exercise hereof) set forth above, are the number and Purchase Price as of
February 15, 2002, based on the Preferred Shares as constituted at such date. As
provided in the Rights Agreement, the Purchase Price and the number and kind of
Preferred Shares or other securities which may be purchased upon the exercise of
the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate are subject to modification and
adjustment upon the happening of certain events.

     This Rights Certificate is subject to all of the terms, provisions and
conditions of the Rights Agreement, which terms, provisions and conditions are
hereby incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof and to which
Rights Agreement reference is hereby made for a full description of the rights,
limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities hereunder of the
---------------------
* The portion of the legend in bracket shall be inserted only if applicable and
shall replace the preceding sentence.

<PAGE>

Rights Agent, the Company and the holders of the Rights Certificates, which
limitations of rights include the temporary suspension of the exercisability of
such Rights under the specific circumstances set forth in the Rights Agreement.
Copies of the Rights Agreement are on file at the principal executive offices of
the Company and the above-mentioned office of the Rights Agent.

     Subject to the provisions of the Rights Agreement, the Rights evidenced by
this Rights Certificate (i) may be redeemed by the Company, at its option, at a
redemption price of $0.001 per Right or (ii) may be exchanged by the Company in
whole or in part for Common Shares, substantially equivalent rights or other
consideration as determined by the Company.

     This Rights Certificate, with or without other Rights Certificates, upon
surrender at the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose may be
exchanged for another Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates of like tenor
and date evidencing Rights entitling the holder to purchase a like aggregate
amount of securities as the Rights evidenced by the Rights Certificate or Rights
Certificates surrendered shall have entitled such holder to purchase. If this
Rights Certificate shall be exercised in part, the holder shall be entitled to
receive upon surrender hereof another Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates
for the number of whole Rights not exercised.

     No fractional portion less than integral multiples of one one-thousandth of
a Preferred Share will be issued upon the exercise of any Right or Rights
evidenced hereby but in lieu thereof a cash payment will be made, as provided in
the Rights Agreement.

     No holder of this Rights Certificate, as such, shall be entitled to vote or
receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the Preferred
Shares or any other securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable
on the exercise hereof, nor shall anything contained in the Rights Agreement or
herein be construed to confer upon the holder hereof, as such, any of the rights
of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of
directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof,
or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, or to receive notice of
meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in the
Rights Agreement), or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise,
until the Right or Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate shall have been
exercised as provided in the Rights Agreement.

     The Rights Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for any purpose
until it shall have been countersigned by the Rights Agent.

                                        2

<PAGE>

     WITNESS the facsimile signature of the proper officers of the Company and
its corporate seal. Dated as of _______________________.

ATTEST:                                             CORTEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

____________________________________                By:_________________________
[Secretary]

Countersigned:

AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY
as Rights Agent

By: ___________________________________
    Authorized Signature

                                        3

<PAGE>

                   Form of Reverse Side of Rights Certificate

                               FORM OF ASSIGNMENT
                               ------------------

                (To be executed by the registered holder if such
               holder desires to transfer the Rights Certificate)

     FOR VALUE RECEIVED ________________________________________________________
hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto

________________________________________________________________________________
                 (Please print name and address of transferee)

this Rights Certificate, together with all right, title and interest therein,
and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint _____________________________
_______________________________________ Attorney, to transfer the within Rights
Certificate on the books of the within-named Company, with full power of
substitution.

Dated: _____________________

                                       _________________________________________
                                       Signature

Signature Guaranteed:

     The signatures should be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution
(banks, stock brokers, savings and loan associations and credit unions with
members in an approved signature guarantee medallion program) pursuant to S.E.C.
Rule 17Ad-15.

                                        4

<PAGE>

                                   CERTIFICATE
                                   -----------

     The undersigned hereby certifies by checking the appropriate boxes that:

          (1)  this Rights Certificate [ ] is [ ] is not being sold, assigned
and transferred by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an Acquiring Person,
or an Affiliate or Associate of any such Person (as such terms are defined in
the Rights Agreement);

          (2)  after due inquiry and to the best knowledge of the undersigned,
it [ ] did [ ] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate
from any Person who is, was or subsequently became an Acquiring Person or an
Affiliate or Associate of any such Person.

Dated: _____________________

                                                   _____________________________
                                                   Signature

Signature Guaranteed:

     The signatures should be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution
(banks, stock brokers, savings and loan associations and credit unions with
members in an approved signature guarantee medallion program) pursuant to S.E.C.
Rule 17Ad-15.

                                        5

<PAGE>

Form of Reverse Side of Rights Certificate -- continued

                          FORM OF ELECTION TO PURCHASE
                          ----------------------------

     (To be executed if holder desires to exercise the Rights Certificate)

To: __________________________________________

     The undersigned hereby irrevocable elects to exercise __________________
Rights represented by this Rights Certificate to purchase the number of one
one-thousandths of a Preferred Share issuable upon the exercise of such Rights
and requests that certificates for such number of one one-thousandths of a
Preferred Share be issued in the name of:

Please insert social security or other identifying number _____________________

               _________________________________________________

               _________________________________________________

               _________________________________________________
                        (Please print name and address)

If such number of Rights shall not be all the Rights evidenced by this Rights
Certificate, a new Rights Certificate for the balance remaining of such Rights
shall be registered in the name of and delivered to:

Please insert social security or other identifying number _____________________

               _________________________________________________

               _________________________________________________

               _________________________________________________
                        (Please print name and address)

Dated: _____________________                   _________________________________
                                               Signature

Signature Guaranteed:

     The signatures should be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution
(banks, stock brokers, savings and loan associations and credit unions with
members in an approved signature guarantee medallion program) pursuant to S.E.C.
Rule 17Ad-15.

                                        6

<PAGE>

                                  CERTIFICATE
                                  -----------

     The undersigned hereby certifies by checking the appropriate boxes that:

          (1) this Rights Certificate [ ] is [ ] is not being sold, assigned and
transferred by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an Acquiring Person, or an
Affiliate or Associate of any such Person (as such terms are defined in the
Rights Agreement);

          (2) after due inquiry and to the best knowledge of the undersigned, it
[ ] did [ ] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate from
any Person who is, was or subsequently became an Acquiring Person or an
Affiliate or Associate of any such Person.

Dated:
      -----------------------------
                                           ----------------------------------
                                           Signature

Signature Guaranteed:

     The signatures should be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution
(banks, stock brokers, savings and loan associations and credit unions with
members in an approved signature guarantee medallion program) pursuant to S.E.C.
Rule 17Ad-15.

                                       7

<PAGE>

            Form of Reverse Side of Rights Certificate -- continued

                                     NOTICE
                                     ------

     The signature in the foregoing Forms of Assignment and Election must
conform to the name as written upon the face of this Rights Certificate in every
particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever.

                                       8

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT C
                                    ---------

                                SUMMARY OF TERMS
                           STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN FOR

                          CORTEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

     On February 5, 2002, the Board of Directors of Cortex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(the "Corporation") approved the adoption of a Stockholder Rights Plan and
declared a dividend distribution of one Right for each outstanding share of
Cortex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Common Stock to stockholders of record on the close
of business on February 15, 2002 (the "Dividend Date"). Each Right entitles the
registered holder to purchase from the Corporation a unit consisting of one
one-thousandth of a share (a "Unit") of Series A Junior Participating Preferred
Stock, par value $.001 per share (the "Preferred Stock"), at a purchase price of
$75.00 per Unit, subject to adjustment. The description and terms of the Rights
are set forth in a Rights Agreement (the "Rights Agreement") between the
Corporation and American Stock Transfer & Trust Corporation, a New York
corporation, as Rights Agent.

          Certificates. Initially, the Rights will be attached to all Common
Stock certificates representing shares then outstanding, and no separate Rights
Certificates will be distributed. Subject to extension by the Board of Directors
in certain circumstances, the Rights will separate from the Common Stock and a
distribution date (the "Distribution Date") will occur upon the earlier of (i)
10 days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or
associated persons (an "Acquiring Person") has acquired, or obtained the right
to acquire, beneficial ownership of fifteen percent (15%) or more of the
outstanding shares of Common Stock (the "Stock Acquisition Date"); or (ii) 10
business days following the commencement of a tender offer or exchange offer
that would result in a person or group beneficially owning fifteen percent (15%)
or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock. Until the Distribution Date,
(i) the Rights will be evidenced by the Common Stock certificates and will be
transferred with and only with such Common Stock certificates; (ii) new Common
Stock certificates issued will contain a notation incorporating the Rights
Agreement by reference; and (iii) the surrender for transfer of any certificates
for Common Stock outstanding will also constitute the transfer of the Rights
associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificate.

          Expiration and Exercise. The Rights are not exercisable until
the Distribution Date and will expire at the close of business on February 15,
2012, unless earlier redeemed by the Corporation as described below.

          As soon as practicable after the Distribution Date, Rights
Certificates will be mailed to holders of record of the Common Stock as of the
close of business on the Distribution Date and, thereafter, the separate Rights
Certificates will represent the Rights. Except as otherwise determined by the
Board of Directors, only shares of Common Stock issued prior to the Distribution
Date will be issued with Rights.

<PAGE>

          "Flip-In". In the event that, at any time following the Dividend Date,
(i) the Corporation is the surviving corporation in a merger with an Acquiring
Person and its Common Stock is not changed or exchanged; (ii) an Acquiring
Person becomes the beneficial owner of more than fifteen percent (15%) of the
outstanding shares of Common Stock; (iii) an Acquiring Person engages in one or
more "self-dealing" transactions as set forth in the Rights Agreement; or (iv)
during such time as there is an Acquiring Person, an event occurs which results
in such Acquiring Person's ownership interest being increased by more than
one-half of one percent (0.50%) (e.g., a reverse stock split), each holder of a
Right will thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise, Common Stock
(or, in certain circumstances, cash, property or other securities of the
Corporation) having a value equal to two times the exercise price of the Right.
Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, following the occurrence of any of the
events set forth in this paragraph, all Rights that are, or (under certain
circumstances specified in the Rights Agreement) were, beneficially owned by any
Acquiring Person will be null and void. However, Rights are not exercisable
following the occurrence of any of the events set forth above until such time as
the Rights are no longer redeemable by the Corporation as set forth below.

          For example, at an exercise price of $75.00 per Right, each Right not
owned by an Acquiring Person (or by certain related parties) following an event
set forth in the preceding paragraph would entitle its holder to purchase
$150.00 worth of Common Stock (or other consideration, as noted above) for
$75.00. Assuming that the Common Stock had a per share value of $10.00 at such
time, the holder of each valid Right would be entitled to purchase 15 shares of
Common Stock for $75.00.

          Permitted Offer. A tender or exchange offer for all outstanding Common
Stock at a price and on terms determined by the Board of Directors prior to the
purchase to be adequate and in the best interests of the Corporation and its
stockholders (other than the Acquiring Person) is a Permitted Offer under the
Rights Agreement. A Permitted Offer does not trigger the exercisability of the
Rights.

          "Flip-Over". In the event that, at any time following the Stock
Acquisition Date, (i) the Corporation is acquired in a merger or other business
combination transaction in which the Corporation is not the surviving
corporation; or (ii) 50% or more of the Corporation's assets or earning power is
sold or transferred, each holder of a Right (except Rights which previously have
been voided as set forth above) shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon
exercise, common stock of the acquiring company having a value equal to two
times the exercise price of the Right. The events set forth in this paragraph
and in the third preceding paragraph are referred to as the "Triggering Events."

          Exchange Feature. At any time after any Person becomes an Acquiring
Person and prior to the acquisition by such person or group of 50% or more of
the outstanding Common Stock, the Board of Directors may exchange the Rights
(other than Rights owned by such Person or group which will have become void),
in whole or in part, for Common Stock having a value equal to the exercise price
(as adjusted) of the Right exchanged (or a combination of cash, property, Common
Stock or other securities having an equal value).

                                       2

<PAGE>

          Adjustment for Dilution. The purchase price payable, and the number of
Units of Preferred Stock or other securities or property issuable upon exercise
of the Rights are subject to adjustment from time to time to prevent dilution
(i) in the event of a stock dividend on, or a subdivision, combination or
reclassification of, the Preferred Stock; (ii) if holders of the Preferred Stock
are granted certain rights or warrants to subscribe for Preferred Stock or
convertible securities at less than the current market price of the Preferred
Stock; or (iii) upon the distribution to holders of the Preferred Stock of
evidences of indebtedness or assets (excluding regular cash dividends) or of
subscription rights or warrants (other than those referred to above).

          With certain exceptions, no adjustment in the purchase price will be
required until cumulative adjustments amount to at least 1% of the purchase
price. No fractional Units will be issued and, in lieu thereof, an adjustment in
cash will be made based on the market price of the Preferred Stock on the last
trading date prior to the date of exercise.

          Redemption. At any time until ten days following the Stock Acquisition
Date or such later date as may be determined by action of a majority of the
Board of Directors then in office and publicy announced by the Corporation, the
Corporation may redeem the Rights in Whole, but not in part, at a price of
$0.001 per Right. Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors ordering
redemption of the Rights, the Rights will terminate and the only right of the
holders of Rights will be to receive the $0.001 redemption price. Rights are not
exercisable while subject to redemption.

          Stockholder Rights. Until a Right is exercised, the holder thereof, as
such, will have no rights as a stockholder of the Corporation, including,
without limitation, the right to vote or to receive dividends. While the
distribution of the Rights will not be taxable to stockholders or to the
Corporation, stockholders may, depending upon the circumstances, recognize
taxable income in the event that the Rights become exercisable for Common Stock
(or other consideration) of the Corporation or for common stock of the acquiring
company as set forth above.

          Amendments. Any of the provisions of the Rights Agreement may be
amended by the Board of Directors of the Corporation prior to the Distribution
Date. After the Distribution Date, the provisions of the Rights Agreement may be
amended by the Board in order to cure any ambiguity, to make changes which do
not adversely affect the interests of holders of Rights (excluding the interests
of any Acquiring Person), or to shorten or lengthen any time period under the
Rights Agreement; provided, however, that no amendment to adjust the time period
governing redemption shall be made at such time as the Rights are not
redeemable.

          Availability of Rights Agreement. A copy of the Rights Agreement has
been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to a
Registration Statement on Form 8-A/A dated February 15, 2002. A copy of the
Rights Agreement is available free of charge from the Corporation. This Summary
of Terms does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by
reference to the Rights Agreement, which is incorporated herein by reference.

                                       3

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