Document:

evbg-ex45_331.htm

Exhibit 4.5

 

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT'S SECURITIES

REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

The following description sets forth certain material terms and provisions of the securities of Everbridge, Inc. (the “Company”) that are registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. This description also summarizes relevant provisions of Delaware law. The following summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the applicable provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, copies of which are incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit 4.5 is a part. We encourage you to read our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws and the applicable provisions of Delaware law for additional information.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, in one or more series.

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders. Subject to the preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred stock, common stockholders are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the common stockholders are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to prior distribution rights of any shares of preferred stock then outstanding. Common stockholders have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. The common stock currently outstanding is fully paid and nonassessable.

The transfer agent and registrar for the common stock is Computershare.

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol “EVBG.”

Our board of directors is authorized, without any action by the stockholders, subject to any limitations prescribed by law, to designate and issue preferred stock in one or more series and to designate the powers, preferences and rights of each series, which may be greater than the rights of the common stock. It is not possible to state the actual effect of the issuance of any shares of preferred stock upon the rights of holders of the common stock until our board of directors determines the specific rights of the holders of such preferred stock. However, the effects might include, among other things:

	
 
	
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impairing the dividend rights of the common stock;

	
 
	
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diluting the voting power of the common stock;

	
 
	
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impairing the liquidation rights of the common stock; and

	
 
	
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delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control.

Anti-Takeover Provisions

Certain provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make the following more difficult:

	
 
	
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our acquisition by means of a tender offer;

	
 
	
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acquisition of control by means of a proxy contest or otherwise; and

	
 
	
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removal of our incumbent officers and directors.

These provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids, and are designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of the Company to negotiate with the board of directors. The Company believes that the benefits of increased protection against an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure the Company outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging such proposals. Among other things, negotiation of such proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.

Delaware Anti-Takeover Law. Delaware corporations may elect not to be governed by Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware (the “DGCL”), i.e., Delaware’s anti-takeover law. The Company has not made this election. Delaware’s anti-takeover law provides that an “interested stockholder,” defined as a person who owns 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of a corporation or a person who is an associate or affiliate of the corporation and, within the preceding three-year period, owned 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock, may not engage in specified business combinations with the corporation for a period of three years after the date on which the person became an interested stockholder. The law defines the term “business combination” to encompass a wide variety of transactions with or caused by an interested stockholder, including mergers, asset sales and transactions in which the interested stockholder receives or could receive a benefit on other than a pro rata basis with other shareholders. With the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all then-outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, we may amend its Certificate of Incorporation in the future to no longer be governed by the anti-takeover law. This amendment would have the effect of allowing any person who owns at least 15% of our outstanding voting stock to pursue a takeover transaction that was not approved by our board of directors. However, because the Company has not elected to opt-out of this provision, for transactions not approved in advance by our board of directors, the provision might discourage takeover attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for shares of our common stock.

Limitations of Director Liability and Indemnification. Our certificate of incorporation provides that directors shall not be personally liable to the corporation or to its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL. Delaware law currently provides that this waiver may not apply to liability:

	
 
	
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for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our shareholders;

	
 
	
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for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

	
 
	
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under Section 174 of the DGCL (governing distributions to shareholders); or

	
 
	
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for any transaction from which the director derived any improper personal benefit.

In the event the DGCL is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of our directors will be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as so amended. Our bylaws further provide that we will indemnify each of our directors and officers, trustees, fiduciaries, employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.

Election and Removal of Directors. Our board of directors is divided into three classes of directors, each serving staggered three-year terms. As a result, only a portion of the board of directors will be elected each year. Directors elected at any annual meeting of stockholders will serve three-year terms, unless such director resigns or is otherwise removed from the board of directors in accordance with our certificate of incorporation and Delaware law. Our certificate of incorporation provides that a director can only be removed from the board of directors for cause and only by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding two-thirds of the outstanding voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote in an election of directors, voting together as a single class. The board of directors has the exclusive right to increase or decrease the size of the board and to fill vacancies on the board. These provisions may tend to discourage a third party from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company because they generally make it more difficult for stockholders to replace a majority of the directors.

Stockholder Meetings. Under our certificate of incorporation, only our chairman of the board, chief executive officer, president or board of directors may call a special meeting of stockholders pursuant to a resolution adopted by at least a majority of the total number of authorized directors.

Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals. Our bylaws contain advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of the board of directors or a committee of the board of directors.

Elimination of Stockholder Action by Written Consent. Our certificate of incorporation eliminates the right of stockholders to act by written consent without a meeting. This provision will make it more difficult for stockholders to take action opposed by the board of directors.

No Cumulative Voting. Our certificate of incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors, which, under Delaware law, precludes stockholders from cumulating their votes in the election of directors, frustrating the ability of minority stockholders to obtain representation on the board of directors.

Undesignated Preferred Stock. The authorization of undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for the board of directors, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to obtain control of the Company. These and other provisions may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in the control or management of the Company.

Amendment of Provisions in the Certificate of Incorporation. Our certificate of incorporation requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting power of our stock to amend or repeal any provision of the certificate of incorporation concerning the:

	
 
	
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absence of the necessity of the directors to be elected by written ballot;

	
 
	
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management of the business of the Company by the board of directors;

	
 
	
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absence of the authority of stockholders to act by written consent;

	
 
	
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authority to call a special meeting of stockholders;

	
 
	
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number of directors and structure of the board of directors;

	
 
	
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removal of directors and the filling of vacancies on the board of directors;

	
 
	
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authority of the bylaws to govern advance notice provisions with respect to nominations by stockholders for the election of directors and other business to be brought before any meeting of stockholders;

	
 
	
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the method of amending and authority to amend the bylaws and certificate of incorporation of the Company;

	
 
	
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personal liability of directors to the Company and the stockholders;

	
 
	
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indemnification of the directors, officers, employees and agents of the Company; and

	
 
	
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authority or vote required to amend or repeal the section of the certificate of incorporation providing for the right to amend or repeal provisions of the certificate of incorporation.

Amendment of Provisions in the Bylaws. The certificate of incorporation requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting power of our stock to amend any provision of the bylaws concerning:

	
 
	
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meetings of or actions taken by stockholders;

	
 
	
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number of directors and their term of office;

	
 
	
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election and qualification of directors;

	
 
	
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removal of directors and the filling of vacancies on the board of directors;

	
 
	
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indemnification of the directors, officers, employees and agents of the Company; and

	
 
	
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amendments to the bylaws.Exhibit

Exhibit 4.1
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK 
        The following is a description of our capital stock and does not purport to be complete. For a more detailed description of our capital stock, see the applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "DGCL"), ANGI's amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the "Certificate of Incorporation") and ANGI's amended and restated bylaws (the "Bylaws"). This description is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws, all of which are incorporated by reference as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, of which this Exhibit 4.1 is a part. 
ANGI Authorized Capital Stock 
        Our authorized capital stock consists of 5,500,000,000 shares of stock, comprised of 2,000,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Class A Common Stock”), 1,500,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share ("Class B Common Stock"), 1,500,000,000 shares of Class C Common Stock, par value  $0.001 per share ("Class C Common Stock"), and 500,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Preferred Stock”). 
As of January 31, 2020, there were 79,566,380 shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding, 421,569,641 shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding and no shares of Class C Common Stock or preferred stock outstanding. The number of authorized shares of any class of stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all then-outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and any outstanding series of preferred stock entitled to vote thereon, voting together as one class. Shares of Class A Common Stock are registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and shares of Class B Common Stock are not registered pursuant to Section 12. 
ANGI Common Stock 
        The rights of holders of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock are identical, except for the differences described below under "—Voting Rights," "—Dividend Rights" and "—Conversion Rights." Any authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock are available for issuance by the ANGI board of directors without any further stockholder action, subject to any limitations imposed by the Marketplace Rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (the "Nasdaq Rules"). 
Voting Rights 
        Holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by stockholders. Holders of Class B Common Stock are entitled to ten votes per share on all matters to be voted upon by stockholders. Holders of Class C Common Stock are not entitled to any votes per share (except as, and then only to the extent, otherwise required by the laws of Delaware, in which case holders of Class C Common Stock are entitled to one one-hundredth of a vote per share). Holders of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. 
Dividend Rights 
        Holders of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock are entitled to ratably receive dividends (other than in the event of a share distribution or an asset distribution, as further described below) if, as and when declared from time to time by the ANGI board of directors in its discretion out of funds legally available for that purpose, after payment of any dividends required to be paid on any outstanding preferred stock. Under Delaware law, we can only pay dividends either out of "surplus" or out of the current or the immediately preceding year's net profits. Surplus is defined as the excess, if any, at any given time, of the total assets of a corporation over its total liabilities and statutory capital. The value of a corporation's assets can be measured in a number of ways and may not necessarily equal their book value. 
        In a distribution of shares of ANGI common stock, we may distribute: (i) shares of Class C Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Class C Common Stock), on an equal per share basis, to holders of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock or (ii) (x) shares of Class A Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of 

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Class A Common Stock), on an equal per share basis, to holders of Class A Common Stock, (y) shares of Class B Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Class B Common Stock), on an equal per share basis, to holders of Class B Common Stock and (z) shares of Class C Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Class C Common Stock), on an equal per share basis, to holders of Class C Common Stock. 
        In a distribution of any other of our securities or the capital stock or other securities of another person or entity, we may choose to distribute: (i) identical securities, on an equal per share basis, to holders of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock, (ii) a separate class or series of securities to holders of shares of Class A Common Stock, a separate class of securities to holders of shares of Class B Common Stock and a separate class or series of securities to holders of shares of Class C Common Stock, on an equal per share basis, (iii) a separate class or series of securities to holders of shares of Class B Common Stock and a different class or series of securities to holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class C Common Stock, on an equal per share basis or (iv) a separate class or series of securities to holders of shares of Class C Common Stock and a different class or series of securities to holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, on an equal per share basis, provided that, in the case of clause (ii), (iii) or (iv), the different classes or series of securities to be distributed are not different in any respect other than their relative voting rights (and any related differences in designation, conversion, redemption and share distribution provisions, as applicable), with either (x) holders of shares of Class B Common Stock receiving the class or series of securities having the highest relative voting rights or (y) holders of shares of Class B Common Stock and Class A Common Stock receiving a class or series of securities having the highest relative voting rights. A dividend involving a class or series of securities of another person or entity may be treated as a share distribution or as an asset distribution as determined by our board of directors. 
        In a distribution of our assets (including shares of any class or series of capital stock of another person or entity owned by us) to holders of any class or classes of common stock, a dividend in cash and/or other property will be paid to holders of each other class of common stock then outstanding on an equal per share basis in an amount, in the case of a dividend consisting solely of cash, equal to the fair market value of such holders' ownership interest in the assets paid as a dividend pursuant to the asset distribution, or having a fair market value, in the case of any other dividend, equal to the fair market value of such holders' ownership interest in assets paid as a dividend pursuant to the asset distribution. 
        The ANGI board of directors has the power and authority to, in good faith, make all determinations regarding, among other things: (i) whether or not a dividend is an equal dividend per share or is declared and paid on an equal per share basis, (ii) whether one or more classes or series of securities differ in any respect other than their relative voting rights and (iii) any other interpretations that may be required under the dividend rights provisions of the ANGI Certificate of Incorporation described above. 
Conversion Rights 
        Shares of Class B Common Stock are convertible into shares of Class A Common Stock at the option of the holder at any time on a share for share basis. The conversion ratio will in all events be equitably preserved in the event of any recapitalization of the Company by means of a stock dividend on, or a stock split or combination of, the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock or of Class B Common Stock, or in the event of any merger, consolidation or other reorganization of the Company with another corporation. Upon the conversion of a share of Class B Common Stock into a share of Class A Common Stock, the applicable share of Class B Common Stock will be retired and will not be subject to reissue. Shares of Class A Common Stock and shares of Class C Common Stock have no conversion rights. 
Liquidation Rights 
        Upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of ANGI , holders of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock are entitled to receive ratably the assets available for distribution to the stockholders after the rights of holders of shares of preferred stock have been satisfied. 
Other Matters 
        Shares of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock have no preemptive rights pursuant to the terms of ANGI's Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws. There are no redemption or sinking 

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fund provisions applicable to shares of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock or Class C Common Stock. All outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and of Class B Common Stock are fully paid and non-assessable. 
Listing 
        ANGI Class A Common Stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "ANGI." 
Transfer Agent and Registrar 
        The transfer agent and registrar for ANGI Class A Common Stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A. 
Preferred Stock 
        Pursuant to ANGI's Certificate of Incorporation, shares of preferred stock are issuable from time to time, in one or more series, with the designations of the series, the voting rights of the shares of the series (if any), the powers, preferences and relative, participation, optional or other special rights (if any), and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof as our board of directors from time to time may adopt by resolution (and without further stockholder approval, subject to any limitation imposed by Nasdaq Rules). The rights, preferences and privileges of such preferred stock may be greater than, and may adversely affect, the rights of our common stock. Each series will consist of that number of shares as will be stated and expressed in the certificate of designations providing for the issuance of the preferred stock of the series. 
Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and Other Agreements 
        Certain provisions of the and certain provisions of ANGI's Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws summarized below may be deemed to have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, deter or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider to be in such stockholder's best interests, including attempts that might result in a premium being paid over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders. 
Multi-Class Structure 
        As discussed above, each share of Class B Common Stock has ten votes per share, while each share of Class A Common Stock (the only class of our stock that is publicly traded) has one vote per share. Except as provided in the ANGI Certificate of Incorporation or by the DGCL, the holders of Class A Common Stock and the holders of Class B Common Stock vote on all matters (including the election of directors) together as one class. Our Class C Common Stock, of which no shares are outstanding, do not have any voting rights. IAC owns and controls all of the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, which at this time constitutes a substantial majority of both the total voting power and the total number of shares of our total outstanding capital stock. Even if IAC in the future owns significantly less than 50% of our total outstanding capital stock, because of the multi-class structure of our common stock and the higher relative voting rights of Class B Common Stock compared to Class A Common Stock, IAC will be able to control all matters in which the Class A Common Stock and the Class B Common Stock vote together as one class that are submitted to our stockholders for approval. This concentrated control could discourage others from initiating any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transaction that other stockholders may view as beneficial. 
Director Vacancies 
        The DGCL provides that board vacancies and newly created directorships may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office (even though less than a quorum) or by a sole remaining director unless: (i) otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation or (ii) the certificate of incorporation directs that a particular class of stock is to elect such director, in which case a majority of the other directors elected by such class, or a sole remaining director elected by such class, will fill such vacancy. 
        ANGI's Bylaws provide that vacancies and newly created directorships may be filled by the vote of a majority of the remaining directors elected by the stockholders who vote on such directorship (even if less than a quorum) or the vote or written consent of a majority of the voting power of the shares of our stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on such directorship (subject to the provisions of the Investor Rights Agreement, dated September 29, 2017 (the "Investor Rights Agreement"), by and between ANGI and IAC, concerning two ANGI-Designated Directors (as such term is defined in the Investor Rights Agreement)). 

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No Cumulative Voting 
        Under the DGCL, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation's certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. ANGI’s Certificate of Incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting. 
Special Meetings of Stockholders 
        Under the DGCL, a special meeting of stockholders may be called by the board of directors or by such other persons as may be authorized in the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws of the corporation. 
        ANGI’s Bylaws provide that special meetings of the stockholders may be called by the chairman of the ANGI board of directors or by a majority of ANGI directors. ANGI stockholders, however, may not call for a special meeting of stockholders. 
Amending ANGI’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws 
        Under the DGCL, a certificate of incorporation may be amended if: (i) the board of directors adopts a resolution setting forth the proposed amendment, declares the advisability of the amendment and directs that it be submitted to a vote at a meeting of stockholders (except that, unless required by the certificate of incorporation, no meeting or vote of stockholders is required to adopt an amendment for certain specified changes) and (ii) the holders of a majority of shares of stock entitled to vote on the matter approve the amendment, unless the certificate of incorporation requires the vote of a greater number of shares. If a class vote on the amendment is required by the DGCL, or by the certificate of incorporation, approval by a majority of the outstanding shares of stock of the class is required, unless a greater proportion is specified in the certificate of incorporation or by other provisions of the DGCL. The ANGI Certificate of Incorporation provides that we reserve the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in such Certificate of Incorporation, as prescribed by the DGCL. 
        Under the DGCL, the board of directors may adopt, amend or repeal a corporation's bylaws if so authorized in the certificate of incorporation. The stockholders of a Delaware corporation also have the power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws. 
        ANGI’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws allow ANGI board of directors to adopt, amend or repeal ANGI's Bylaws by the vote of a majority of all directors. Under the Investor Rights Agreement, however, up until the date on which the 2020 annual meeting of our stockholders is held, IAC has agreed not to vote in favor of any amendments to the ANGI Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws that would be inconsistent with certain provisions of the Investor Rights Agreement and would adversely affect the rights of holders of Class A Common Stock, other than as may be approved by the audit committee of the ANGI board of directors and a majority of the holders of Class A Common Stock. 
Authorized but Unissued Shares 
        Delaware companies are permitted to authorize shares that may be issued in the future. A substantial number of unissued shares of ANGI Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock, Class C Common Stock and preferred stock are available for future issuances by the ANGI board of directors without stockholder approval, subject to any limitations imposed by Nasdaq Rules. Issuances of these shares could be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future offerings to raise additional capital, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of any authorized but unissued and unreserved Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock, Class C Common Stock and preferred stock could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of ANGI by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise. 
Exclusive Jurisdiction 
        ANGI’s Bylaws provide that a state court located within Delaware, or if no state court located within Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware, shall be the exclusive forum for all of the following: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim for or based on breach of fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director or officer or other employee of ANGI to us or to our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against ANGI or any of its current or former directors, officers or other employees pursuant to the DGCL, the ANGI Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, (iv) any action asserting a claim relating to or involving us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine or (v) any action asserting an "internal corporate claim," as defined under the DGCL. 

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Limitation on Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers 
        Under the DGCL, subject to specified limitations in the case of derivative suits brought by a corporation's stockholders in its name, a corporation may indemnify any person who is made or is threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding on account of being a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation (or was serving at the request of the corporation in such capacity for another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise) against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with the action, suit or proceeding, provided that there is a determination that: (i) the individual acted in good faith and in a manner the individual reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest of the corporation and (ii) in a criminal action or proceeding, the individual had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. Without court approval, however, no indemnification may be made in respect of any derivative action in which an individual is adjudged liable to the corporation, except to the extent the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought determines upon application that, despite the adjudication but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to be indemnified. 
        The DGCL requires indemnification of directors and officers for expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably relating to a successful defense on the merits or otherwise of a derivative or third party action. 
        Under DGCL, a corporation may advance expenses relating to the defense of any proceeding to directors and officers upon the receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the individual to repay such amount if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified. 
        The DGCL permits the adoption of a provision in a corporation's certificate of incorporation limiting or eliminating the monetary liability of a director to a corporation or its stockholders by reason of a director's breach of the fiduciary duty of care. The DGCL does not permit any limitation of the liability of a director for: (i) breaching the duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith, (iii) engaging in intentional misconduct or a known violation of law, (iv) obtaining an improper personal benefit from a transaction or (v) paying a dividend or approving a stock repurchase or redemption that was illegal under applicable law. 
        In addition, ANGI’s Certificate of Incorporation provides that it must indemnify its directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized by law. Under ANGI’s Bylaws, ANGI is also expressly required to advance certain expenses to its directors and officers and is permitted to carry directors' and officers' insurance providing indemnification for its directors and officers for some liabilities. 
Waiver of Corporate Opportunity of IAC and Officers and Directors of IAC 
        The DGCL permits the adoption of a provision in a corporation's certificate of incorporation renouncing any interests or expectancy of a corporation in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, specified business opportunities or specified classes or categories of business opportunities that are presented to the corporation or one or more of its officers, director or stockholders. 
        ANGI’s Certificate of Incorporation includes a "corporate opportunity" provision that renounces any of its interests or expectancy: (i) to participate in any business of IAC or (ii) in any potential transaction or matter that may constitute a corporate opportunity for both (a) IAC and (b) ANGI. Under this provision, ANGI further recognizes that: (x) any of its directors or officers who are also officers, directors, employees or other affiliates of IAC or its affiliates (except that ANGI and its subsidiaries will not be deemed affiliates of IAC or its affiliates for the purposes of this provision) and (y) IAC itself has no duty to offer or communicate information regarding such a corporate opportunity. The provision generally provides that neither IAC nor our officers or directors who are also officers or directors of IAC or its affiliates will be liable to ANGI or its stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty by reason of: (A) such person's participation in any business on behalf of IAC or (ii) the fact that any such person pursues or acquires any corporate opportunity for the account of IAC or its affiliates, directs or transfers such corporate opportunity to IAC or its affiliates, or does not communicate information regarding such corporate opportunity to ANGI. This renunciation does not extend to corporate opportunities expressly offered to ANGI officers or directors solely in their capacities as an officer and/or director of ANGI. 

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