Document:

EX-4.2

 Exhibit 4.2 

CARMAX AUTO FUNDING LLC, 
 as
Depositor, 
 and 
 WILMINGTON
TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, 
 as Owner Trustee 
  

 
 AMENDED AND
RESTATED TRUST AGREEMENT 
 Dated as of January 1, 2018 

 
  

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

							
	 	  	 	  	Page	 
	 ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS
	  	 	1	 
	 Section 1.1
	  	 Definitions
	  	 	1	 
	 Section 1.2
	  	 Other Definitional Provisions
	  	 	1	 
		
	 ARTICLE II ORGANIZATION OF THE TRUST
	  	 	2	 
	 Section 2.1
	  	 Name
	  	 	2	 
	 Section 2.2
	  	 Office
	  	 	2	 
	 Section 2.3
	  	 Purposes and Powers
	  	 	2	 
	 Section 2.4
	  	 Appointment of Owner Trustee
	  	 	3	 
	 Section 2.5
	  	 Initial Capital Contribution of Owner Trust Estate
	  	 	3	 
	 Section 2.6
	  	 Declaration of Trust
	  	 	3	 
	 Section 2.7
	  	 Liability of Certificateholders
	  	 	4	 
	 Section 2.8
	  	 Title to Trust Property
	  	 	4	 
	 Section 2.9
	  	 Situs of Trust
	  	 	4	 
	 Section 2.10
	  	 Representations and Warranties of the Depositor
	  	 	4	 
	 Section 2.11
	  	 Federal Income Tax Matters
	  	 	5	 
		
	 ARTICLE III CERTIFICATES AND TRANSFER OF INTERESTS
	  	 	6	 
	 Section 3.1
	  	 Initial Ownership
	  	 	6	 
	 Section 3.2
	  	 The Certificates
	  	 	6	 
	 Section 3.3
	  	 Authentication of Certificates
	  	 	6	 
	 Section 3.4
	  	 Registration of Certificates; Transfer and Exchange of Certificates
	  	 	7	 
	 Section 3.5
	  	 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Certificates
	  	 	10	 
	 Section 3.6
	  	 Persons Deemed Owners
	  	 	10	 
	 Section 3.7
	  	 Access to List of Certificateholders’ Names and Addresses
	  	 	11	 
	 Section 3.8
	  	 Maintenance of Office or Agency
	  	 	11	 
	 Section 3.9
	  	 Appointment of Paying Agent
	  	 	11	 
	 Section 3.10
	  	 Restrictions on Note Acquisitions
	  	 	12	 
		
	 ARTICLE IV ACTIONS BY OWNER TRUSTEE
	  	 	12	 
	 Section 4.1
	  	 Prior Notice to Certificateholders with Respect to Certain Matters
	  	 	12	 
	 Section 4.2
	  	 Action by Certificateholders with Respect to Certain Matters
	  	 	13	 
	 Section 4.3
	  	 Action by Certificateholders with Respect to Bankruptcy
	  	 	13	 
	 Section 4.4
	  	 Restrictions on Certificateholders’ Power
	  	 	13	 
	 Section 4.5
	  	 Majority Control
	  	 	13	 
	 Section 4.6
	  	 Certain Litigation Matters
	  	 	14	 
		
	 ARTICLE V APPLICATION OF TRUST FUNDS; CERTAIN DUTIES
	  	 	14	 
	 Section 5.1
	  	 Establishment of Certificate Payment Account
	  	 	14	 
	 Section 5.2
	  	 Application of Trust Funds
	  	 	14	 
	 Section 5.3
	  	 Method of Payment
	  	 	15	 
	 Section 5.4
	  	 No Segregation of Monies; No Interest
	  	 	15	 
	 Section 5.5
	  	 Accounting and Reports to the Noteholders, Certificateholders, the Internal Revenue Service and
Others
	  	 	15	 
	 Section 5.6
	  	 Signature on Returns; Tax Matters Partner
	  	 	16	 

  
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	 ARTICLE VI AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OWNER TRUSTEE
	  	 	16	 
	 Section 6.1
	  	 General Authority
	  	 	16	 
	 Section 6.2
	  	 General Duties
	  	 	17	 
	 Section 6.3
	  	 Action upon Instruction
	  	 	17	 
	 Section 6.4
	  	 No Duties Except as Specified in this Trust Agreement or in Instructions
	  	 	18	 
	 Section 6.5
	  	 No Action Except Under Specified Documents or Instructions
	  	 	18	 
	 Section 6.6
	  	 Restrictions
	  	 	18	 
	 Section 6.7
	  	 Instructions by Electronic Methods
	  	 	19	 
	 Section 6.8
	  	 Communications Regarding Demands to Repurchase Receivables
	  	 	19	 
		
	 ARTICLE VII REGARDING THE OWNER TRUSTEE
	  	 	20	 
	 Section 7.1
	  	 Acceptance of Trusts and Duties
	  	 	20	 
	 Section 7.2
	  	 Furnishing of Documents
	  	 	22	 
	 Section 7.3
	  	 Representations and Warranties
	  	 	22	 
	 Section 7.4
	  	 Reliance; Advice of Counsel
	  	 	22	 
	 Section 7.5
	  	 Not Acting in Individual Capacity
	  	 	23	 
	 Section 7.6
	  	 Owner Trustee Not Liable for Certificates or Receivables
	  	 	23	 
	 Section 7.7
	  	 Owner Trustee May Own Certificates and Notes
	  	 	23	 
	 Section 7.8
	  	 Regulation AB
	  	 	23	 
		
	 ARTICLE VIII COMPENSATION AND INDEMNIFICATION OF OWNER TRUSTEE
	  	 	24	 
	 Section 8.1
	  	 Owner Trustee’s Fees and Expenses
	  	 	24	 
	 Section 8.2
	  	 Indemnification
	  	 	24	 
	 Section 8.3
	  	 Payments to the Owner Trustee
	  	 	25	 
		
	 ARTICLE IX TERMINATION
	  	 	25	 
	 Section 9.1
	  	 Termination of Trust Agreement
	  	 	25	 
		
	 ARTICLE X SUCCESSOR OWNER TRUSTEES AND ADDITIONAL OWNER TRUSTEES
	  	 	26	 
	 Section 10.1
	  	 Eligibility Requirements for Owner Trustee
	  	 	26	 
	 Section 10.2
	  	 Resignation or Removal of Owner Trustee
	  	 	26	 
	 Section 10.3
	  	 Successor Owner Trustee
	  	 	27	 
	 Section 10.4
	  	 Merger or Consolidation of Owner Trustee
	  	 	27	 
	 Section 10.5
	  	 Appointment of Co-Trustee or Separate Trustee
	  	 	28	 
		
	 ARTICLE XI MISCELLANEOUS
	  	 	29	 
	 Section 11.1
	  	 Supplements and Amendments
	  	 	29	 
	 Section 11.2
	  	 No Legal Title to Owner Trust Estate in Certificateholders
	  	 	31	 
	 Section 11.3
	  	 Limitation on Rights of Others
	  	 	31	 
	 Section 11.4
	  	 Notices
	  	 	31	 
	 Section 11.5
	  	 Severability
	  	 	31	 
	 Section 11.6
	  	 Separate Counterparts
	  	 	32	 

  
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	 Section 11.7
	  	 Successors and Assigns
	  	 	32	 
	 Section 11.8
	  	 Covenants of the Depositor
	  	 	32	 
	 Section 11.9
	  	 No Petition
	  	 	32	 
	 Section 11.10
	  	 No Recourse
	  	 	32	 
	 Section 11.11
	  	 Headings
	  	 	32	 
	 Section 11.12
	  	 Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial
	  	 	32	 
	 Section 11.13
	  	 Depositor Payment Obligation
	  	 	33	 
	 Section 11.14
	  	 Certificates Nonassessable and Fully Paid
	  	 	33	 
	 Section 11.15
	  	 Ratification of Prior Actions
	  	 	33	 
	 Section 11.16
	  	 Legal Fees Associated with Indemnification
	  	 	33	 

 EXHIBITS 
  

			
	 EXHIBIT A
	  	 Form of Certificate

	 EXHIBIT B
	  	 Form of Certificate of Trust

  
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 AMENDED AND RESTATED TRUST AGREEMENT, dated as of January 1, 2018 (as amended, supplemented
or otherwise modified and in effect from time to time, this “Agreement”), between CARMAX AUTO FUNDING LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as depositor (the “Depositor”), and WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION, a national banking association, as owner trustee and not in its individual capacity (in such capacity, the “Owner Trustee”). 

WHEREAS, CarMax Auto Owner Trust 2018-1 was created on November 17, 2017 pursuant to (i) a
Trust Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2017 (the “Initial Trust Agreement”), between the Depositor and the Owner Trustee and (ii) the filing of a certificate of trust with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware
on November 17, 2017; and 
 WHEREAS, the Depositor and the Owner Trustee wish to amend and restate the Initial Trust Agreement on the
terms and conditions hereinafter set forth; 
 NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants herein contained and
other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Depositor and the Owner Trustee hereby agree as follows: 

ARTICLE I 
 DEFINITIONS 

Section 1.1    Definitions. Capitalized terms used herein that are not otherwise defined shall have the
meanings ascribed thereto in Appendix A to the Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, among CarMax Auto Owner Trust 2018-1, as issuer, the Depositor, and CarMax Business Services, LLC, as
servicer, as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified and in effect from time to time. 

Section 1.2    Other Definitional Provisions. 

(a)    All terms defined in this Trust Agreement shall have the defined meanings when used in any certificate or other
document made or delivered pursuant hereto unless otherwise defined therein. 
 (b)    As used in this Trust Agreement
and in any certificate or other documents made or delivered pursuant hereto or thereto, accounting terms not defined in this Trust Agreement or in any such certificate or other document, and accounting terms partly defined in this Trust Agreement or
in any such certificate or other document to the extent not defined, shall have the respective meanings assigned to them under generally accepted accounting principles. To the extent that the definitions of accounting terms in this Trust Agreement
or in any such certificate or other document are inconsistent with the meanings of such terms under generally accepted accounting principles, the definitions contained in this Trust Agreement or in any such certificate or other document shall
control. 
 (c)    The words “hereof,” “herein” and “hereunder” and words of similar
import when used in this Trust Agreement shall refer to this Trust Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Trust Agreement. Article, Section and Exhibit references contained in this Trust Agreement are references to
Articles, Sections and Exhibits in or to this Trust Agreement unless otherwise specified. The term “including” shall mean “including without limitation.” 

 (d)    The definitions contained in this Trust Agreement are applicable to
the singular as well as the plural forms of such terms and to the masculine as well as to the feminine and neuter genders of such terms. 

(e)    Any agreement, instrument or statute defined or referred to herein or in any instrument or certificate delivered in
connection herewith means such agreement, instrument or statute as from time to time amended, modified or supplemented and includes (in the case of agreements or instruments) references to all attachments thereto and instruments incorporated
therein. References to a Person are also to its permitted successors and assigns. 
 ARTICLE II 

ORGANIZATION OF THE TRUST 

Section 2.1    Name. The Trust shall be known as “CarMax Auto Owner Trust
2018-1,” in which name the Owner Trustee may conduct the business of the Trust, make and execute contracts and other instruments on behalf of the Trust and sue and be sued on behalf of the Trust. 

Section 2.2    Office. The office of the Trust shall be in care of the Owner Trustee at the Corporate Trust
Office or at such other address as the Owner Trustee may designate by written notice to the Certificateholders and the Depositor. 

Section 2.3    Purposes and Powers. The purpose of the Trust is, and the Trust shall have the power and
authority, to engage solely in the following activities: 
 (i)    to issue the Notes pursuant to the
Indenture and the Certificates pursuant to this Trust Agreement, and to sell the Notes upon the written order of the Depositor; 

(ii)    to establish or cause to be established the Reserve Account which the Depositor will initially fund
on the Closing Date, to pay the organizational, start-up and transactional expenses of the Trust and to pay the balance to the Depositor pursuant to the Sale and Servicing Agreement; 

(iii)    to pay interest on and principal of the Notes and to pay Excess Collections to the
Certificateholders; 
 (iv)    to assign, grant, transfer, pledge, mortgage and convey the Owner Trust
Estate (other than the Certificate Payment Account and the proceeds thereof) to the Indenture Trustee pursuant to the Indenture; 

(v)    to enter into and perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents to which it is to be a
party; 

  
 2 

 (vi)    subject to compliance with the Transaction Documents,
to engage in such other activities as may be required in connection with conservation of the Owner Trust Estate and the making of distributions to the Noteholders and the Certificateholders; and 

(vii)    to engage in those activities, including entering into agreements, that are necessary, suitable or
convenient to accomplish the foregoing or are incidental thereto or connected therewith. 
 The Trust is hereby authorized to engage in the
foregoing activities. The Trust shall not engage in any activity other than in connection with the foregoing or other than as required or authorized by the terms of this Trust Agreement or the other Transaction Documents. 

Section 2.4    Appointment of Owner Trustee. The Depositor hereby appoints the Owner Trustee as trustee of the
Trust effective as of the date hereof, to have all the rights, powers and duties set forth herein and in the Statutory Trust Statute. 

Section 2.5    Initial Capital Contribution of Owner Trust Estate. The Depositor has sold, assigned,
transferred, conveyed and set over to the Owner Trustee the sum of $100. The Owner Trustee hereby acknowledges receipt in trust from the Depositor of such amount, which amount constituted the initial Owner Trust Estate and was deposited in the
Certificate Payment Account. The Depositor shall pay organizational expenses of the Trust as they may arise or shall, upon the request of the Owner Trustee, promptly reimburse the Owner Trustee for any such expenses paid by the Owner Trustee. 

Section 2.6    Declaration of Trust. The Owner Trustee hereby declares that it will hold the Owner Trust
Estate in trust upon and subject to the conditions set forth herein for the use and benefit of the Certificateholders, subject to the obligations of the Trust under the Transaction Documents. It is the intention of the parties hereto that
(i) the Trust constitute a statutory trust under the Statutory Trust Statute and that this Trust Agreement constitute the governing instrument of such statutory trust and (ii) solely for income and franchise tax purposes, the Trust shall
be treated (A) if it has one beneficial owner, as a non-entity and (B) if it has more than one beneficial owner, as a partnership, with the assets of the partnership being the Receivables and other
assets held by the Trust, the partners of the partnership being the Certificateholders and the Notes constituting indebtedness of the partnership. Unless otherwise required by the appropriate tax authorities, the Trust shall file or cause to be
filed annual or other necessary returns, reports and other forms consistent with the characterization of the Trust either as a nonentity or as a partnership for such tax purposes. Effective as of the date hereof, the Owner Trustee shall have all
rights, powers and duties set forth herein and in the Statutory Trust Statute with respect to accomplishing the purposes of the Trust. The parties have caused the filing of the Certificate of Trust with the Secretary of State. If it is determined
that, contrary to the intent of the parties hereto and the position of the Certificateholder, the Trust has “gross receipts” for purposes of HB3, it is the intention of the parties hereto that the Trust be treated as a “passive
entity” for purposes of HB3, formed to hold assets to facilitate securitization transactions in a manner similar to grantor trusts and real estate mortgage investment conduits as defined by Section 860D of the Code. The Depositor, and the
Certificateholders by acceptance of a Certificate, agree that if it is determined that, contrary to the intent of the parties hereto and 

  
 3 

 
the position of the Certificateholder, the Trust has “gross receipts” for purposes of HB3, they will, unless otherwise required by law, treat the Trust as a “passive entity”
for purposes of HB3 and will not, unless otherwise required by law, take any action to include the Trust as part of an affiliated group engaged in a unitary business (as such terms are used in HB3). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
herein, nothing in this Trust Agreement should be read to imply that the Trust is doing business in Texas or has sufficient nexus with Texas in order for HB3 to apply to the Trust. 

Section 2.7    Liability of Certificateholders. The Certificateholders shall be entitled to the same
limitation of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. 

Section 2.8    Title to Trust Property. Legal title to the entirety of the Owner Trust Estate shall be vested
at all times in the Trust as a separate legal entity, except where applicable law in any jurisdiction requires title to any part of the Owner Trust Estate to be vested in a trustee or trustees, in which case title shall be deemed to be vested in the
Owner Trustee, a co-trustee or a separate trustee, as the case may be; provided, that concurrently with or prior to title being deemed to be vested in a co-trustee or a
separate trustee, such trustee must provide a written grant of a security interest in the Owner Trust Estate to the Indenture Trustee and must authorize the filing of a financing statement to perfect the Indenture Trustee’s security interest.

 Section 2.9    Situs of Trust. The Trust shall be located and administered in the State of Delaware or
the State of New York. All bank accounts maintained by the Owner Trustee on behalf of the Trust shall be located in the State of Delaware or the State of New York. The Trust shall not have any employees in any State other than the State of Delaware;
provided, however, that nothing herein shall restrict or prohibit the Owner Trustee from having employees within or without the State of Delaware. Payments will be received by the Trust only in the State of Delaware or the State of New
York, and payments will be made by the Trust only from the State of Delaware or the State of New York. The principal office of the Trust will be at the Corporate Trust Office in the State of Delaware. 

Section 2.10    Representations and Warranties of the Depositor. The Depositor hereby represents and warrants
to the Owner Trustee that: 
 (i)    the Depositor has been duly organized and is validly existing as a
limited liability company in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, has the power, authority and legal right to own its properties and to conduct its business as such properties are currently owned and such business is currently
conducted, and has the power, authority and legal right to acquire, own and sell the Receivables; 

(ii)    the Depositor is duly qualified to do business as a foreign limited liability company in good
standing and has obtained all necessary licenses and approvals in each jurisdiction in which the failure to so qualify or to obtain such licenses and approvals would materially and adversely affect the performance by the Depositor of its obligations
under, or the validity or enforceability of, this Trust Agreement, any of the other Transaction Documents to which the Depositor is a party, the Receivables, the Notes or the Certificates; 

  
 4 

 (iii)    the Depositor has the power and authority to
execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Trust Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, and the Depositor has the power and authority to sell, assign, transfer and convey the property to be sold and
transferred to and deposited with the Trust and has duly authorized such transfer and deposit by all necessary limited liability company action, and the execution, delivery and performance of this Trust Agreement and the other Transaction Documents
to which the Depositor is a party have been duly authorized by the Depositor by all necessary limited liability company action; 

(iv)    the execution, delivery and performance by the Depositor of this Trust Agreement and the other
Transaction Documents to which the Depositor is a party, the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and the fulfillment of the terms hereof and thereof will not conflict with, result in a breach of any of the terms and
provisions of or constitute (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) a default under the certificate of formation or limited liability company agreement of the Depositor or any material indenture, agreement, mortgage, deed of trust or other
instrument to which the Depositor is a party or by which the Depositor is bound or to which any of its properties are subject, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien upon any of its properties pursuant to the terms of any such
indenture, agreement, mortgage, deed of trust or other instrument (other than pursuant to this Trust Agreement), or violate any law, order, rule or regulation applicable to the Depositor or its properties of any federal or State regulatory body,
court, administrative agency or other governmental instrumentality having jurisdiction over the Depositor or any of its properties; 

(v)    there are no proceedings or investigations pending or, to the knowledge of the Depositor, threatened
against the Depositor before any court, regulatory body, administrative agency or other governmental instrumentality having jurisdiction over the Depositor or its properties (A) asserting the invalidity of this Trust Agreement, the Sale and
Servicing Agreement, the Indenture, any of the other Transaction Documents, the Notes or the Certificates, (B) seeking to prevent the issuance of the Notes or the Certificates or the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this
Trust Agreement, the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Indenture or any of the other Transaction Documents, (C) seeking any determination or ruling that would materially and adversely affect the performance by the Depositor of its obligations
under, or the validity or enforceability of, this Trust Agreement, the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Indenture, any of the other Transaction Documents, the Receivables, the Notes or the Certificates, or (D) that would adversely affect the
federal tax attributes or Applicable Tax State franchise or income tax attributes of the Trust or of the Notes or the Certificates; and 

(vi)    the representations and warranties of the Depositor in Section 3.1 of the Receivables Purchase
Agreement are true and correct. 
 Section 2.11    Federal Income Tax Matters. The Certificateholders
acknowledge that it is their intent and that they understand it is the intent of the Depositor and the Servicer that, for purposes of federal income, State and local income and franchise tax and any other income taxes, the Trust will be treated
either as a disregarded entity under Treasury Regulation 

  
 5 

 
Section 301.7701-3 or as a partnership, and that the Certificateholders will be treated as partners in that partnership. The Certificateholders by
acceptance of a Certificate agree to such treatment and agree to take no action inconsistent with such treatment. For each calendar quarter, other than periods in which there is only one Certificateholder: 

(i)    net income of the Trust for any calendar quarter as determined for federal income tax purposes (and
each item of income, gain, credit, loss or deduction entering into the computation thereof) shall be allocated among the Certificateholders as of the first day following the end of such quarter in proportion to their Certificate Percentage Interest
on such date; and 
 (ii)    net losses of the Trust, if any, for any calendar quarter as determined for
federal income tax purposes (and each item of income, gain, credit, loss or deduction entering into the computation thereof) shall be allocated among the Certificateholders as of the first day following the end of such quarter in proportion to their
Certificate Percentage Interest on such date. 
 The Depositor is authorized to modify the allocations in this Section 2.11 if
necessary or appropriate, in its sole discretion, for the allocations to reflect fairly the economic income, gain, credit, loss or deduction to the Certificateholders or as otherwise required by the Code. 

ARTICLE III 
 CERTIFICATES AND
TRANSFER OF INTERESTS 
 Section 3.1    Initial Ownership. Upon the formation of the Trust by the
contribution by the Depositor pursuant to Section 2.5 and until the issuance of the Certificates, the Depositor shall be the sole beneficiary of the Trust. 

Section 3.2    The Certificates. The Certificates shall be issued in one or more registered, definitive,
physical certificates, substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A. The Certificates may be in printed or typewritten form and shall be executed on behalf of the Trust by manual or facsimile signature of an Authorized Officer of the Owner
Trustee. Certificates bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were, at the time when such signatures shall have been affixed, authorized to sign on behalf of the Trust, shall be validly issued and entitled to the benefits of
this Trust Agreement, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them shall have ceased to be so authorized prior to the authentication and delivery of such Certificates or did not hold such offices at the date of authentication and delivery of
such Certificates. 
 If Transfer of the Certificates is permitted pursuant to this Section 3.2 and Section 3.4, a transferee of a
Certificate shall become a Certificateholder, and shall be entitled to the rights and subject to the obligations of a Certificateholder hereunder upon such transferee’s acceptance of a Certificate duly registered in such transferee’s name
pursuant to Section 3.4. 
 Section 3.3    Authentication of Certificates. Concurrently with the
initial sale of the Receivables to the Trust pursuant to the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Owner Trustee shall cause the Certificates to be executed on behalf of the Trust, authenticated and delivered to

  
 6 

 
or upon the written order of the Depositor, signed by its president, any vice president, any assistant vice president, its treasurer, any assistant treasurer, its secretary or any assistant
secretary, without further limited liability company action by the Depositor. No Certificate shall entitle its Holder to any benefit under this Trust Agreement, or shall be valid for any purpose, unless there shall appear on such Certificate a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A executed by the Owner Trustee by manual signature, which authentication shall constitute conclusive evidence that such Certificate shall have been duly authenticated and
delivered hereunder. All Certificates shall be dated the date of their authentication. Upon issuance, authentication and delivery pursuant to the terms hereof, the Certificates will be entitled to the benefits of this Trust Agreement. 

Section 3.4    Registration of Certificates; Transfer and Exchange of Certificates. 

(a)    The Indenture Trustee initially shall be the registrar (the “Certificate Registrar”) for the
purpose of registering Certificates and Transfers of Certificates as herein provided. The Certificate Registrar shall cause to be kept, at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 3.8, a register (the “Certificate
Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Certificate Registrar shall provide for the registration of Certificates and the registration of Transfers of Certificates. Upon any resignation of any
Certificate Registrar, the Owner Trustee shall, upon receipt of written instructions from the Depositor, promptly appoint a successor. 

(b)    The Certificates may not be acquired with the plan assets of any (i) “employee benefit plan” (as defined
in Section 3(3) of ERISA) that is subject to Title I of ERISA, (ii) “plan” described in Section 4975(e)(1) of the Code, including individual retirement accounts and Keogh plans, that is subject to the provisions of
Section 4975 of the Code, (iii) entity whose underlying assets include “plan assets” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulation by reason of an employee benefit plan’s or plan’s investment in such entity or
(iv) employee benefit plan or arrangement not subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (each of (i) through (iv), a “Plan”), other than any Plan that is not subject to Title I of ERISA or
Section 4975 of the Code and whose acquisition of a Certificate would not constitute or result in a violation of any applicable law that is substantially similar to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (“Similar
Law”). Each Certificateholder, by its acceptance of a Certificate, shall be deemed to have represented and warranted that such Certificateholder is either (i) not a Plan and is not a Person acting on behalf of a Plan or a Person using
the assets of a Plan to effect the transfer of such Certificate, or (ii) a Plan that is not subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code and whose acquisition of a Certificate would not constitute or result in a violation under
any Similar Law. 
 Any person who is not an affiliate of the Seller and acquires more than 49.9% of the Certificates will be deemed to
represent that it is not a “party in interest” (within the meaning of ERISA) or a “disqualified person” (within the meaning of Section 4975(e)(2) of the Code) with respect to any Plan, other than a Plan that it sponsors for
the benefit of its employees, and that no Plan with respect to which it is a party in interest or disqualified person has or will acquire any interest in the Notes. 

  
 7 

 To the extent permitted under applicable law (including, but not limited to, ERISA), neither the
Owner Trustee nor the Certificate Registrar shall be under any liability to any Person for any registration of transfer of any Certificate that is in fact not permitted or for taking any other action with respect to such Certificate under the
provisions of this Trust Agreement so long as such transfer was registered by the Owner Trustee or the Certificate Registrar in accordance with this Trust Agreement. 

(c)    Upon surrender for registration of Transfer of any Certificate at the office or agency of the Certificate Registrar
to be maintained as provided in Section 3.8, and upon compliance with any provisions of this Trust Agreement relating to such Transfer, the Owner Trustee shall execute on behalf of the Trust and the Owner Trustee shall authenticate and deliver
to the Certificateholder making such surrender, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Certificates in any authorized denomination evidencing the same aggregate interest in the Trust. Each Certificate presented or
surrendered for registration of Transfer or exchange shall be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer and accompanied by IRS Form W-8 BEN, W-8 ECI or W-9, as applicable, in form satisfactory to the Owner Trustee and the Certificate Registrar, duly executed by the Certificateholder or his attorney duly authorized in writing. Each Certificate presented or
surrendered for registration of Transfer or exchange shall be canceled and subsequently disposed of by the Certificate Registrar in accordance with its customary practice. No service charge shall be made for any registration of Transfer or exchange
of Certificates, but the Owner Trustee or the Certificate Registrar may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any Transfer or exchange of Certificates. 

(d)    As a condition to the registration of any Transfer of any Certificate: 

(i)    the prospective transferee shall be required to represent in writing to the Owner Trustee, the
Depositor and the Certificate Registrar that it has neither acquired nor will it transfer any Certificate it purchases (or any interest therein) or cause any such Certificate (or any interest therein) to be marketed on or through an
“established securities market” within the meaning of Section 7704(b)(1) of the Code, including, without limitation, an over-the-counter-market or an
interdealer quotation system that regularly disseminates firm buy or sell quotations; 
 (ii)    the
prospective transferee shall be required to represent in writing to the Owner Trustee, the Depositor and the Certificate Registrar that it either (A) is not, and will not become, a partnership, Subchapter S corporation or grantor trust for
United States federal income tax purposes or (B) is such an entity, but none of the direct or indirect beneficial owners of any of the interests in such transferee have allowed or caused, or will allow or cause, 50% or more (or such other
percentage as the transferor may establish prior to the time of such proposed transfer) of the value of such interests to be attributable to such transferee’s ownership of Certificates; 

(iii)    the prospective transferee shall be required to represent in writing to the Owner Trustee, the
Depositor and the Certificate Registrar that it is either (i) not a Plan and is not a Person acting on behalf of a Plan or a Person using the assets of a Plan to effect the transfer of such Certificate, or (ii) a Plan that is not subject
to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code and whose acquisition of a Certificate would not constitute or result in a violation under any Similar Law; 

  
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 (iv)    the Certificateholder provides to the Owner Trustee
and the Depositor an opinion of independent counsel that such action will not cause the Issuer to be treated as an association (or publicly traded partnership) taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes; 

(v)    such transferee or assignee agrees to take positions for tax purposes consistent with the tax
positions agreed to be taken by the Certificateholder; and 
 (vi)    in connection with any transfer of
less than all of the interests in the Certificates, the transferor and transferee shall specify the respective interests in the Certificates to be held by the transferor and transferee, which interests may be determined by a formula or on any other
basis agreed by the transferor and transferee. No Certificate (other than the Certificates issued to and held by the Depositor) may be subdivided upon transfer or exchange in a manner such that the resulting Certificate represents less than a 2.00%
fractional undivided interest in the Issuer (or such other amount as the Depositor may determine in order to prevent the Issuer from being treated as a “publicly traded partnership” under Section 7704 of the Code, but in no event less
than a 1.00% fractional undivided interest in the Issuer). 
 (e)    No Certificateholder shall Transfer any Certificate
initially held by it unless such Transfer is made pursuant to an effective registration statement or otherwise in accordance with the requirements under the Securities Act and effective registration or qualification under applicable State securities
laws, or is made in a transaction which does not require such registration or qualification. If a Transfer is to be made in reliance upon an exemption from the Securities Act and under applicable State securities laws, (i) the Certificate
Registrar may require an Opinion of Counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Certificate Registrar and the Depositor substantially to the effect that such Transfer may be made pursuant to an exemption from the Securities Act and applicable State
securities laws and describing the applicable exemption and the basis therefor, which Opinion of Counsel shall not be an expense of the Certificate Registrar, the Depositor or the Owner Trustee, and (ii) the Certificate Registrar may require
the transferee to execute a certification acceptable to and in form and substance satisfactory to the Certificate Registrar and the Depositor setting forth the facts surrounding such Transfer. 

(f)    No Transfer of any Certificate shall be permitted, recognized or recorded unless the Depositor has consented in
writing to such Transfer, which consent may be withheld in the sole discretion of the Depositor; provided, however, that no such consent of the Depositor shall be required where the proposed transferee is, and at the time of such
Transfer will be, a Certificateholder. 
 (g)    During the period described in 17 CFR Part 246.12(f)(1), no
Certificateholder may Transfer any Certificate until the expiration of such period; provided, that, during such period, such Certificateholder may Transfer any Certificate to CarMax or any “majority-owned affiliate” (as such term is
defined in 17 CFR Part 246.2) of CarMax in 

  
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accordance with the restrictions contained in 17 CFR Part 246.12. Any purported transfer of a Certificate not in accordance with this Section 3.4(g) shall be null and void and shall not be
given effect for any purpose whatsoever. 
 Section 3.5    Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen
Certificates. 
 (a)    If (i) any mutilated Certificate is surrendered to the Certificate Registrar, or the
Certificate Registrar receives evidence to its satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Certificate, and (ii) there is delivered to the Certificate Registrar and the Owner Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by
them to hold each of the Trust, the Certificate Registrar and the Owner Trustee harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Trust, the Certificate Registrar or the Owner Trustee that such Certificate has been acquired by a “protected
purchaser” (as defined in the Relevant UCC), the Owner Trustee shall execute on behalf of the Trust and the Owner Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for, or in lieu of, any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Certificate,
as the case may be, a replacement Certificate, as the case may be, of like tenor and Certificate Percentage Interest. If, after the delivery of such replacement Certificate or payment of a destroyed, lost or stolen Certificate pursuant to the
proviso to the preceding sentence, a “protected purchaser” (as defined in the Relevant UCC) of the original Certificate in lieu of which such replacement Certificate was issued presents for payment such original Certificate, the Trust and
the Owner Trustee shall be entitled to recover such replacement Certificate (or such payment) from the Person to whom such replacement Certificate was delivered or any Person taking such replacement Certificate from such Person to whom such
replacement Certificate was delivered or any assignee of such Person, except a “protected purchaser” (as defined in the Relevant UCC), and shall be entitled to recover upon the security or indemnity provided therefor to the extent of any
loss, damage, cost or expense incurred by the Trust or the Owner Trustee in connection therewith. 
 (b)    Upon the
issuance of any replacement Certificate under this Section 3.5, the Trust may require the payment by the Holder of such Certificate of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with such
issuance and any other reasonable expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Owner Trustee) related thereto. 

(c)    Every replacement Certificate issued pursuant to this Section 3.5 in replacement of any mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Certificate shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Trust, whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Certificate shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the
benefits of this Trust Agreement equally and proportionately with any and all other Certificates duly issued hereunder. 

(d)    The provisions of this Section 3.5 are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights
and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Certificates. 

Section 3.6    Persons Deemed Owners. Prior to due presentation of a Certificate for registration of transfer,
the Owner Trustee, the Certificate Registrar and any Paying Agent may treat the Person in whose name such Certificate is registered in the Certificate Register (as 

  
 10 

 
of the day of determination) as the owner of such Certificate for the purpose of receiving distributions pursuant to Section 5.2 and for all other purposes whatsoever, and none of the Owner
Trustee, the Certificate Registrar or any Paying Agent shall be bound by any notice to the contrary. 

Section 3.7    Access to List of Certificateholders’ Names and Addresses. The Certificate
Registrar shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Servicer and the Depositor, or to the Indenture Trustee or the Owner Trustee, within fifteen (15) days after receipt by the Certificate Registrar of a written request therefor from the
Servicer, the Depositor or the Indenture Trustee or the Owner Trustee, as the case may be, a list, in such form as the requesting party may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Certificateholders as of the most recent Record Date.
If three or more Certificateholders or one or more Holders of Certificates evidencing not less than 25% of the aggregate Certificate Percentage Interest apply in writing to the Certificate Registrar, and such application states that the applicants
desire to communicate with other Certificateholders with respect to their rights under this Trust Agreement or under the Certificates and such application is accompanied by a copy of the communication that such applicants propose to transmit, then
the Certificate Registrar shall, within five (5) Business Days after the receipt of such application, afford such applicants access during normal business hours to the current list of Certificateholders. Each Certificateholder, by receiving and
holding a Certificate, shall be deemed to have agreed not to hold any of the Depositor, the Certificate Registrar or the Owner Trustee accountable by reason of the disclosure of its name and address, regardless of the source from which such
information was derived. 
 Section 3.8    Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Certificate Registrar shall
maintain in St. Paul, Minnesota, an office or offices or agency or agencies where Certificates may be surrendered for registration of Transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Certificate Registrar in respect of the
Certificates and the Transaction Documents may be served. The Certificate Registrar shall give prompt written notice to the Depositor, the Owner Trustee and the Certificateholders of any change in the location of the Certificate Registrar or any
such office or agency. 
 Section 3.9    Appointment of Paying Agent. The Paying Agent shall make
distributions to Certificateholders from the Certificate Payment Account pursuant to Section 5.2 and shall report the amounts of such distributions to the Owner Trustee. Any Paying Agent shall have the revocable power to withdraw funds from the
Certificate Payment Account for the purpose of making the distributions referred to above. The Owner Trustee may revoke such power and remove the Paying Agent if the Owner Trustee determines in its sole discretion that the Paying Agent shall have
failed to perform its obligations under this Trust Agreement in any material respect. The Paying Agent shall initially be the Indenture Trustee and any co-paying agent chosen by the Indenture Trustee. The
Indenture Trustee shall be permitted to resign as Paying Agent upon thirty (30) days’ written notice to the Depositor and the Owner Trustee. In the event that the Indenture Trustee shall no longer be the Paying Agent, the Owner Trustee, upon
receipt of written instructions from the Depositor, shall appoint a successor to act as Paying Agent (which shall be a bank or trust company). The Owner Trustee shall direct such successor Paying Agent or any additional Paying Agent appointed by the
Owner Trustee to execute and deliver to the Owner Trustee an instrument in which such successor Paying Agent or additional Paying Agent shall agree with the Owner Trustee that as Paying Agent, such successor Paying

  
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Agent or additional Paying Agent will hold all sums, if any, held by it for payment to the Certificateholders in trust for the benefit of the Certificateholders entitled thereto until such sums
shall be paid to such Certificateholders. The Paying Agent shall return all unclaimed funds to the Owner Trustee and upon removal of a Paying Agent such Paying Agent shall also return all funds in its possession to the Owner Trustee. Any reference
in this Trust Agreement to the Paying Agent shall include any co-paying agent unless the context requires otherwise. 

Section 3.10    Restrictions on Note Acquisitions. Neither a member of any “expanded group” (as
defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.385-1(c)(4)) that includes the Issuer or a beneficial owner of a Certificate nor a “controlled partnership” (as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.385-1(c)(1)) of such expanded group shall acquire any Notes from the Issuer, any Affiliate, or through the marketplace prior to obtaining an Opinion of Counsel stating that (i) the acquisition or
reacquisition of such Note will not cause the Issuer, initially upon such acquisition or subsequent to the acquisition, to be classified as an association or publicly traded partnership treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and
will not cause the Note to be recharacterized as stock pursuant to Treasury Regulations under Section 385 of the Code. The preceding sentence shall not apply to (i) any U.S. corporate member of the same U.S. corporate affiliated group (as
defined in Section 1504 of the Code) filing a consolidated federal income tax return that includes the Issuer or every applicable beneficial owner of a Certificate (the “Trust Consolidated Group”) or (ii) a partnership all
of the partners of which are U.S. corporate members of the Trust Consolidated Group. No member of any “expanded group” that includes the Issuer or a beneficial owner of a Certificate (as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.385-1(c)(4)) or “controlled partnership” of such expanded group (as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.385-1(c)(1)) shall
transfer any Notes outside the expanded group prior to obtaining an Opinion of Counsel stating that the transfer of such Note will not cause the Issuer to be classified as an association or publicly traded partnership treated as a corporation for
federal income tax purposes and will not cause the Note to be recharacterized as stock pursuant to Treasury Regulations under Section 385 of the Code. 

ARTICLE IV 
 ACTIONS BY OWNER
TRUSTEE 
 Section 4.1    Prior Notice to Certificateholders with Respect to Certain Matters. With respect
to the following matters, the Owner Trustee shall not take action unless (i) at least thirty (30) days before the taking of such action, the Owner Trustee shall have notified the Certificateholders, the Administrator and the Depositor (who
shall promptly forward such notice to the Rating Agencies) in writing of the proposed action and (ii) the Holders of Certificates evidencing not less than 51% of the aggregate Certificate Percentage Interest shall not have notified the Owner
Trustee in writing prior to the 30th day after such notice is given that the Holders have withheld consent or provided alternative direction: 

(i)    the initiation of any claim or lawsuit by the Trust (except claims or lawsuits brought by the
Servicer in connection with the collection of the Receivables) and the settlement of any action, proceeding, investigation, claim or lawsuit brought by or against the Trust (except with respect to the aforementioned claims or lawsuits for collection
by the Servicer of the Receivables); 

  
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 (ii)    the election by the Trust to file an amendment to the
Certificate of Trust (unless such amendment is required to be filed under the Statutory Trust Statute); 

(iii)    the amendment of the Indenture by a supplemental indenture in circumstances where the consent of
any Noteholder is required; 
 (iv)    the amendment of the Indenture by a supplemental indenture in
circumstances where the consent of any Noteholder is not required and such amendment materially adversely affects the interests of the Certificateholders; 

(v)    the amendment, change or modification of the Sale and Servicing Agreement or the Administration
Agreement, except to cure any ambiguity or to amend or supplement any provision in a manner or add any provision that would not materially adversely affect the interests of the Certificateholders; or 

(vi)    the appointment pursuant to the Indenture of a successor Note Registrar, Paying Agent for the Notes
or Indenture Trustee or pursuant to this Trust Agreement of a successor Certificate Registrar, or the consent to the assignment by the Note Registrar, Paying Agent for the Notes or Indenture Trustee or Certificate Registrar of its obligations under
the Indenture or this Trust Agreement, as applicable. 
 Section 4.2    Action by Certificateholders with
Respect to Certain Matters. The Owner Trustee may not, except upon the occurrence of an Event of Servicing Termination subsequent to the payment in full of the Notes and in accordance with the written direction of the Holders of Certificates
evidencing not less than 51% of the aggregate Certificate Percentage Interest, (i) remove the Servicer pursuant to Article VIII of the Sale and Servicing Agreement, (ii) appoint a successor Servicer pursuant to Article VIII of the Sale and
Servicing Agreement, (iii) remove the Administrator pursuant to Section 9 of the Administration Agreement, (iv) appoint a successor Administrator pursuant to Section 9 of the Administration Agreement or (v) sell the
Receivables after the termination of the Indenture, except as expressly provided in the Transaction Documents. 

Section 4.3    Action by Certificateholders with Respect to Bankruptcy. The Owner Trustee shall not have the
power to commence a voluntary proceeding in bankruptcy relating to the Trust unless (i) the Notes have been paid in full and (ii) each Certificateholder approves of such commencement in writing in advance and delivers to the Owner Trustee
a certificate certifying that such Person reasonably believes that the Trust is insolvent. 

Section 4.4    Restrictions on Certificateholders’ Power. The Certificateholders shall not
direct the Owner Trustee to take or refrain from taking any action if such action or inaction would be contrary to any obligation of the Trust or the Owner Trustee under this Trust Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents or would be
contrary to Section 2.3, nor shall the Owner Trustee be obligated to follow any such direction, if given. 

Section 4.5    Majority Control. Except as expressly provided herein, any action that may be taken by the
Certificateholders under this Trust Agreement may be taken by the Holders of Certificates evidencing not less than 51% of the aggregate Certificate Percentage Interest. Except as expressly provided herein, any written notice of the
Certificateholders 

  
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delivered pursuant to this Trust Agreement shall be effective if signed by the Holders of Certificates evidencing not less than 51% of the aggregate Certificate Percentage Interest at the time of
the delivery of such notice. 
 Section 4.6    Certain Litigation Matters. The Owner Trustee shall provide
prompt written notice to the Depositor, the Seller and the Servicer of any action, proceeding or investigation known to the Owner Trustee that could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the Trust or the Owner Trust Estate. 

ARTICLE V 
 APPLICATION OF TRUST
FUNDS; CERTAIN DUTIES 
 Section 5.1    Establishment of Certificate Payment Account. Pursuant to
Section 4.1 of the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Servicer has agreed to establish, on or before the Closing Date, and maintain in the name of the Indenture Trustee at an Eligible Institution (which shall initially be the Indenture Trustee)
a segregated trust account designated as the “CarMax Auto Owner Trust 2018-1 Trust Account” (the “Certificate Payment Account”). The Certificate Payment Account shall be held in
trust for the benefit of the Certificateholders. Except as expressly provided in Section 3.9, the Certificate Payment Account shall be under the sole dominion and control of the Indenture Trustee. All monies deposited from time to time in the
Certificate Payment Account pursuant to the Sale and Servicing Agreement or the Indenture shall be applied as provided in this Trust Agreement, the Sale and Servicing Agreement and the Indenture. The amounts on deposit in the Certificate Payment
Account shall not be invested. 
 Section 5.2    Application of Trust Funds. 

(a)    On each Distribution Date, upon receipt of written instructions from the Servicer pursuant to Section 4.1(c) of
the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Paying Agent shall distribute to the Certificateholders, in proportion to each Certificateholder’s Certificate Percentage Interest, amounts deposited in the Certificate Payment Account on such Distribution
Date pursuant to Section 4.1(c) of the Sale and Servicing Agreement and Section 2.8 of the Indenture with respect to such Distribution Date. 

(b)    On each Distribution Date, the Paying Agent shall, or, if the Indenture Trustee is not the Paying Agent, the
Indenture Trustee shall direct the Paying Agent to, make available to each Certificateholder the statement provided to the Indenture Trustee by the Servicer pursuant to Section 4.9 of the Sale and Servicing Agreement with respect to such
Distribution Date. 
 (c)    In the event that any withholding tax is imposed on any Trust payment (or any allocation of
income) to a Certificateholder, such tax shall reduce the amount otherwise distributable to the Certificateholder in accordance with this Section 5.2. The Owner Trustee and each Paying Agent are hereby authorized and directed to retain from
amounts otherwise distributable to the Certificateholders sufficient funds for the payment of any such withholding tax that is legally owed by the Trust (but such authorization shall not prevent the Owner Trustee from contesting any such tax in
appropriate proceedings, and withholding payment of such tax, if permitted by law, pending the outcome of such proceedings). The amount of any withholding 

  
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tax imposed with respect to a Certificateholder shall be treated as cash distributed to such Certificateholder at the time it is withheld by the Trust and remitted to the appropriate taxing
authority. If there is a possibility that withholding tax is payable with respect to a distribution (such as a distribution to a non-U.S. Certificateholder), the Owner Trustee or the Paying Agent may withhold
such amounts in accordance with this Section 5.2. If a Certificateholder wishes to apply for a refund of any such withholding tax, the Owner Trustee shall reasonably cooperate with such Certificateholder in making such claim so long as such
Certificateholder agrees to reimburse the Owner Trustee for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred. 

Section 5.3    Method of Payment. Subject to Section 5.2(c), distributions required to be made to
Certificateholders on any Distribution Date shall be made to each Certificateholder of record on the preceding Record Date either by wire transfer, in immediately available funds, to the account of such Holder at a bank or other entity having
appropriate facilities therefor, if such Certificateholder shall have provided to the Certificate Registrar and the Paying Agent appropriate written instructions at least five (5) Business Days prior to such Distribution Date and such
Certificateholder is the Depositor or, if not, by check mailed to such Certificateholder at the address of such Holder appearing in the Certificate Register. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the final distribution in respect of any Certificate
(whether on the Final Scheduled Maturity Date or otherwise) will be payable only upon presentation and surrender of such Certificate at the office or agency maintained for that purpose by the Certificate Registrar pursuant to Section 3.8. 

Section 5.4    No Segregation of Monies; No Interest. Subject to Section 5.1 and Section 5.2, monies
received by the Owner Trustee hereunder need not be segregated in any manner except to the extent required by law, the Indenture or the Sale and Servicing Agreement and may be deposited under such general conditions as may be prescribed by law, and
the Owner Trustee shall not be liable for any interest thereon. 
 Section 5.5    Accounting and Reports to the
Noteholders, Certificateholders, the Internal Revenue Service and Others. The Owner Trustee shall, based on information provided by the Seller, (i) maintain (or cause to be maintained) the books of the Trust on the basis of a fiscal year
ending on the last day of February and based on the accrual method of accounting, (ii) deliver to each Certificateholder, as may be required by the Code and applicable Treasury Regulations, such information as may be required (including
Schedule K-1) to enable such Certificateholder to prepare its federal and State income tax returns, (iii) file such tax returns relating to the Trust (including a partnership information return, IRS Form
1065) and make such elections as may from time to time be required or appropriate under any applicable State or federal statute or rule or regulation thereunder so as to maintain the Trust’s characterization as a partnership for federal income
tax purposes, (iv) cause such tax returns to be signed in the manner required by law and (v) collect or cause to be collected any withholding tax as described in and in accordance with Section 5.2(c) with respect to income or
distributions to Certificateholders. The Owner Trustee, on behalf of the Trust, shall elect under Section 1278 of the Code to include in income currently any market discount that accrues with respect to the Receivables. The Owner Trustee, on
behalf of the Trust, shall not make the election provided under Section 754 of the Code. 

  
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 The Owner Trustee may satisfy its obligations with respect to this Section 5.5 by retaining,
on behalf of the Trust, at the expense of the Seller, a firm of independent public accountants (the “Accountants”) selected by the Seller. The Owner Trustee, on behalf of the Trust, may require the Accountants to provide to the
Owner Trustee, on or before March 15, 2018, a letter in form and substance satisfactory to the Owner Trustee as to whether any federal tax withholding on Certificates is then required and, if required, the procedures to be followed with respect
thereto to comply with the requirements of the Code. The Accountants shall be required to update such letter in each instance that any additional tax withholding is subsequently required or any previously required tax withholding shall no longer be
required. The Owner Trustee shall be deemed to have discharged its obligations pursuant to this Section 5.5 upon its retention of the Accountants, and the Owner Trustee shall not have any liability with respect to the default or misconduct of
the Accountants. 
 Section 5.6    Signature on Returns; Tax Matters Partner. 

(a)    The Owner Trustee shall sign, on behalf of the Trust, the tax returns of the Trust. 

(b)    If the Trust entity were classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, then the Depositor, as a
Certificateholder, shall be designated the (i) “tax matters partner” of the Trust pursuant to Section 6231(a)(7)(A) of the Code and applicable Treasury Regulations; and (ii) the “partnership representative” of the Trust
under the Partnership Audit Rules adopted by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 for taxable years beginning in 2018. Under the Partnership Audit Rules, unless a partnership elects otherwise, taxes arising from audit adjustments are required to be
paid by the partnership rather than by its partners or members. The partnership representative of the Trust will have the authority to utilize, and intends to utilize, to the extent commercially reasonable, any exceptions available under the
Partnership Audit Rules so that the persons treated as the Trust’s partners, rather than the Trust itself, will be liable for any taxes arising from audit adjustments to the Trusts taxable income if the Trust is treated as a partnership. 

ARTICLE VI 
 AUTHORITY AND DUTIES
OF OWNER TRUSTEE 
 Section 6.1    General Authority. The Owner Trustee is authorized and directed to
execute and deliver the Transaction Documents to which the Trust is to be a party and each certificate or other document attached as an exhibit to or contemplated by the Transaction Documents to which the Trust is to be a party, in each case in such
form as the Depositor shall approve, as evidenced conclusively by the Owner Trustee’s execution thereof and the Depositor’s execution of this Trust Agreement, and to direct the Indenture Trustee to authenticate and deliver Notes in the
aggregate principal amount of $1,350,000,000 (comprising $278,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of Class A-1 Notes, $392,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of
Class A-2a Notes, $75,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of Class A-2b Notes, $394,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of
Class A-3 Notes, $112,630,000 in aggregate principal amount of Class A-4 Notes, $37,990,000 in aggregate principal amount of Class B Notes, $34,600,000 in
aggregate principal amount of Class C Notes and $25,780,000 in aggregate principal amount of Class D Notes). In addition to the foregoing, the Owner Trustee is 

  
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authorized to take all actions required of the Trust pursuant to the Transaction Documents. The Owner Trustee is further authorized from time to time to take such action on behalf of the Trust as
is permitted by the Transaction Documents and which the Certificateholders, the Servicer or the Administrator recommends in writing with respect to the Transaction Documents, except to the extent that this Trust Agreement expressly requires the
consent of Certificateholders for such action. 
 Section 6.2    General Duties. It shall be the duty of the
Owner Trustee to discharge (or cause to be discharged) all of its responsibilities pursuant to the terms of this Trust Agreement and to administer the Trust for the benefit of the Certificateholders, subject to the lien of the Indenture and in
accordance with the provisions of this Trust Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Owner Trustee shall be deemed to have discharged (or caused to be discharged) its duties and responsibilities hereunder to the extent the Administrator is
required in the Administration Agreement to perform any act or to discharge such duty of the Owner Trustee or the Trust hereunder or under any other Transaction Document, and the Owner Trustee shall not be held liable for the default or failure of
the Administrator to carry out its obligations under the Administration Agreement. The Owner Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of any Event of Default unless either (i) a Responsible Officer shall have actual knowledge of such Event
of Default or (ii) written notice of such Event of Default shall have been given to the Owner Trustee in accordance with the provisions of this Trust Agreement. 

Section 6.3    Action upon Instruction. 

(a)    Subject to Article IV, and in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, the Certificateholders may, by
written instruction, direct the Owner Trustee in the management of the Trust. 
 (b)    The Owner Trustee shall not be
required to take any action under this Trust Agreement or any other Transaction Document if the Owner Trustee shall have reasonably determined, or shall have been advised by counsel, that such action is likely to result in liability on the part of
the Owner Trustee or is contrary to the terms of this Trust Agreement or any other Transaction Document or is otherwise contrary to law. 

(c)    Subject to Article IV, whenever the Owner Trustee is unable to decide between alternative courses of action
permitted or required by the terms of this Trust Agreement or any other Transaction Document, the Owner Trustee shall promptly give notice (in such form as shall be appropriate under the circumstances) to the Certificateholders requesting
instruction as to the course of action to be adopted, and to the extent the Owner Trustee acts in good faith in accordance with any written instruction of the Certificateholders received, the Owner Trustee shall not be liable on account of such
action to any Person. If the Owner Trustee shall not have received appropriate written instruction within ten (10) days of such notice (or within such shorter period of time as reasonably may be specified in such notice or may be necessary
under the circumstances) it may, but shall be under no duty to, take or refrain from taking such action, not inconsistent with this Trust Agreement or the other Transaction Documents, as it shall deem to be in the best interests of the
Certificateholders, and shall have no liability to any Person for such action or inaction. 

  
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 (d)    Subject to Article IV, in the event the Owner Trustee is unsure as to
the application of any provision of this Trust Agreement or any other Transaction Document or any such provision is ambiguous as to its application, or is, or appears to be, in conflict with any other applicable provision, or in the event that this
Trust Agreement permits any determination by the Owner Trustee or is silent or is incomplete as to the course of action that the Owner Trustee is required to take with respect to a particular set of facts, the Owner Trustee may give notice (in such
form as shall be appropriate under the circumstances) to the Certificateholders requesting instruction and, to the extent that the Owner Trustee acts or refrains from acting in good faith in accordance with any such instruction received, the Owner
Trustee shall not be liable, on account of such action or inaction, to any Person. If the Owner Trustee shall not have received appropriate written instruction within ten (10) days of such notice (or within such shorter period of time as
reasonably may be specified in such notice or may be necessary under the circumstances) it may, but shall be under no duty to, take or refrain from taking such action not inconsistent with this Trust Agreement or the other Transaction Documents, as
it shall deem to be in the best interests of the Certificateholders and shall have no liability to any Person for such action or inaction. 

Section 6.4    No Duties Except as Specified in this Trust Agreement or in Instructions. The Owner Trustee
shall not have any duty or obligation to manage, make any payment with respect to, register, record, sell, dispose of or otherwise deal with the Owner Trust Estate, or to otherwise take or refrain from taking any action under, or in connection with,
any document contemplated hereby to which the Owner Trustee or the Trust is a party, except as expressly provided by the terms of this Trust Agreement or in any document or written instruction received by the Owner Trustee pursuant to
Section 6.3, and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Trust Agreement or any other Transaction Document against the Owner Trustee. The Owner Trustee shall have no responsibility for filing any financing or continuation
statement in any public office at any time or otherwise to perfect or maintain the perfection of any security interest or lien granted to it hereunder or to prepare or file any Commission filing for the Trust or to record this Trust Agreement or any
other Transaction Document. The Owner Trustee shall, however, at its own cost and expense, promptly take all action as may be necessary to discharge any lien (other than the lien of the Indenture) on any part of the Owner Trust Estate that results
from actions by, or claims against, the Owner Trustee in its individual capacity that are not related to the ownership or the administration of the Owner Trust Estate. 

Section 6.5    No Action Except Under Specified Documents or Instructions. The Owner Trustee shall not manage,
control, use, sell, dispose of or otherwise deal with any part of the Owner Trust Estate except (i) in accordance with the powers granted to and the authority conferred upon the Owner Trustee pursuant to this Trust Agreement, (ii) in
accordance with the other Transaction Documents to which the Trust is a party and (iii) in accordance with any document or written instruction delivered to the Owner Trustee pursuant to Section 6.3. 

Section 6.6    Restrictions. The Owner Trustee shall not take any action (i) that is inconsistent with
the purposes of the Trust set forth in Section 2.3 or (ii) that, to the actual knowledge of the Owner Trustee, would (A) affect the treatment of the Notes as indebtedness for federal income or Virginia income or franchise tax
purposes, (B) be deemed to cause a taxable exchange of the Notes for federal income or Virginia income or franchise tax purposes or (C) 

  
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cause the Trust or any portion thereof to be taxable as an association or publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for federal income or Virginia income or franchise tax purposes. The
Certificateholders, the Depositor, the Administrator and the Servicer shall not direct the Owner Trustee to take action that would violate the provisions of this Section 6.6. 

Section 6.7    Instructions by Electronic Methods. The Owner Trustee is hereby authorized to rely upon and
comply with instructions and directions sent by e-mail, facsimile and other similar unsecured electronic methods (“Electronic Methods”) by persons believed by the Owner Trustee to be authorized to
give instructions and directions on behalf of the Depositor. The Owner Trustee shall have no duty or obligation to verify or confirm that the person who sent such instructions or directions is, in fact, a person authorized to give instructions or
directions on behalf of the Depositor (other than to verify that the signature on a facsimile is the signature of a person authorized to give instructions and directions on behalf of the Depositor), and the Owner Trustee shall have no liability for
any losses, liabilities, costs or expenses incurred or sustained by the Depositor as a result of such reliance upon or use of Electronic Methods to submit instructions and directions to the Owner Trustee, including the risk of the Owner Trustee
taking unauthorized instructions, and the risk of interception and misuse by third parties. 

Section 6.8    Communications Regarding Demands to Repurchase Receivables. The Owner Trustee shall provide
notice to CarMax and the Depositor as soon as practicable of all demands communicated to a Responsible Officer of the Owner Trustee for the repurchase or replacement of any Receivable for breach of the representations and warranties concerning such
Receivable. Subject to this Section 6.8, the Owner Trustee shall have no obligation to take any other action with respect to a demand. However, the Owner Trustee shall, upon written request of either CarMax or the
Depositor, provide notification to CarMax and the Depositor with respect to any actions taken by the Owner Trustee with respect to any such demand communicated to a Responsible Officer of the Owner Trustee in respect of any Receivables, such
notifications to be provided by the Owner Trustee as soon as practicable and in any event within five Business Days of such request or such other time frame as may be mutually agreed to by the Owner Trustee and CarMax or the Depositor, as
applicable. The Owner Trustee acknowledges and agrees that the purpose of this Section 6.8 is to facilitate compliance by CarMax and the Depositor with Rule 15Ga-1 under the Exchange
Act, as amended, and Items 1104(e) and 1121(c) of Regulation AB (the “Repurchase Rules and Regulations”). The Owner Trustee acknowledges that interpretations of the requirements of the Repurchase Rules and Regulations may change
over time, whether due to interpretive guidance provided by the Commission or its staff, consensus among participants in the asset-backed securities markets, advice of counsel, or otherwise, and agrees to comply with reasonable requests made by
CarMax and the Depositor in good faith for delivery of information under these provisions on the basis of evolving interpretations of the Repurchase Rules and Regulations. The Owner Trustee shall cooperate fully with CarMax and the Depositor to
deliver any and all records and any other information in its actual possession that are reasonably requested in writing by CarMax or the Depositor and necessary in the good faith determination of CarMax and the Depositor to permit them to comply
with the provisions of the Repurchase Rules and Regulations. In no event shall the Owner Trustee have (i) any responsibility or liability in connection with any filing required to be made by a securitizer under the Exchange Act or Regulation AB
or (ii) any duty or obligation to undertake any investigation or inquiry related to repurchase activity or otherwise to assume any additional duties or responsibilities except as expressly set forth in this Section 6.8. 

  
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 ARTICLE VII 

REGARDING THE OWNER TRUSTEE 

Section 7.1    Acceptance of Trusts and Duties. The Owner Trustee accepts the trusts hereby created and agrees
to perform its duties hereunder with respect to such trusts but only upon the terms of this Trust Agreement. The Owner Trustee also agrees to disburse all monies actually received by it constituting part of the Owner Trust Estate upon the terms of
this Trust Agreement. The Owner Trustee shall not be answerable or accountable hereunder or under any other Transaction Document under any circumstances, except (i) for its own willful misconduct, bad faith or negligence or (ii) in the
case of the inaccuracy of any representation or warranty contained in Section 7.3 expressly made by the Owner Trustee, in its individual capacity. In particular, but not by way of limitation (and subject to the exceptions set forth in the
preceding sentence): 
 (i)    the Owner Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in
good faith by a responsible officer of the Owner Trustee unless it is proved that the Owner Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; 

(ii)    the Owner Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken in
good faith by it in accordance with the provisions of this Trust Agreement at the instructions of any Certificateholder, the Indenture Trustee, the Depositor, the Administrator or the Servicer; 

(iii)    no provision of this Trust Agreement or any other Transaction Document shall require the Owner
Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers hereunder or under any other Transaction Document if the Owner Trustee
shall have reasonable grounds to believe that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured or provided to it; 

(iv)    the Owner Trustee shall not be liable for any indebtedness evidenced by or arising under any of the
Transaction Documents, including the principal of and interest on the Notes or payments of Excess Collections to the Certificateholders; 

(v)    the Owner Trustee shall not be responsible for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of this
Trust Agreement or for the due execution hereof by the Depositor or for the form, character, genuineness, sufficiency, value or validity of any of the Owner Trust Estate or for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of the other Transaction
Documents, other than the certificate of authentication on the Certificates, and the Owner Trustee shall in no event assume or incur any liability, duty, or obligation to any Noteholder or to any Certificateholder, other than as expressly provided
for herein and in the other Transaction Documents; 
 (vi)    the Owner Trustee shall not be liable for
the default or misconduct of the Servicer, the Administrator, the Depositor or the Indenture Trustee under any of 

  
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the Transaction Documents or otherwise, and the Owner Trustee shall have no obligation or liability to perform the obligations of the Trust under this Trust Agreement or the other Transaction
Documents that are required to be performed by the Administrator under the Administration Agreement, the Servicer under the Sale and Servicing Agreement or the Indenture Trustee under the Indenture; 

(vii)    the Owner Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in
it by this Trust Agreement, or to institute, conduct or defend any litigation under this Trust Agreement or otherwise or in relation to this Trust Agreement or any other Transaction Document, at the request, order or direction of any of the
Certificateholders, unless such Certificateholders have offered to the Owner Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred by the Owner Trustee therein or thereby; 

(viii)    the right of the Owner Trustee to perform any discretionary act enumerated in this Trust
Agreement or any other Transaction Document shall not be construed as a duty, and the Owner Trustee shall not be answerable other than for its willful misconduct, bad faith or negligence in the performance of any such act; 

(ix)    in no event shall the Owner Trustee be responsible or liable (A) for special, indirect,
punitive, consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including loss of profit), (B) for the acts or omissions of clearing agencies or securities depositories or any of their respective nominees or correspondents, (C) for acts or
omissions of brokers or dealers or (D) for any losses due to forces beyond the control of the Owner Trustee, including strikes, work stoppages, acts of war or terrorism, insurrection, revolution, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God
and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services provided by third parties selected by the Owner Trustee with reasonable care; 

(x)    the Owner Trustee shall have no responsibility for the accuracy of any information provided to
Certificateholders or any other person that has been obtained from, or provided to the Owner Trustee by, any other Person; 

(xi)    the Owner Trustee shall not be liable for any failure to anticipate incurring Expenses as long as
the Owner Trustee acts in good faith based on the facts reasonably available to it at the time of such determination; 

(xii)    the Owner Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of any fact or event unless a
Responsible Officer of the Owner Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of such fact or event is received by a Responsible Officer and such notice references the fact or event; and 

(xiii)    the Owner Trustee shall have no responsibility to monitor CarMax’s compliance with or be
charged with knowledge of the risk retention rules of 17 CFR Part 246, nor shall it be liable to any investor, Holder, or any party whatsoever for violation of such rules or requirements or such similar provisions now or hereafter in effect. 

  
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 Section 7.2    Furnishing of Documents. The Owner Trustee shall
furnish to the Certificateholders, promptly upon receipt of a written request therefor, duplicates or copies of all reports, notices, requests, demands, certificates, financial statements and any other instruments furnished to the Owner
Trustee under the Transaction Documents. 
 Section 7.3    Representations and Warranties. The Owner
Trustee, in its individual capacity, hereby represents and warrants to the Depositor, for the benefit of the Certificateholders, that: 

(a)    it is a national banking association duly organized and validly existing in good standing under the laws of the
United States and has all requisite power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Trust Agreement; 

(b)    it has taken all action necessary to authorize the execution and delivery by it of this Trust Agreement, and this
Trust Agreement will be executed and delivered by one of its officers who is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Trust Agreement on its behalf; 

(c)    neither the execution nor the delivery by it of this Trust Agreement, nor the consummation by it of the
transactions contemplated hereby, nor compliance by it with any of the terms or provisions hereof will contravene any federal or New York law, governmental rule or regulation governing the banking or trust powers of the Owner Trustee or any judgment
or order of any court, administrative agency or tribunal applicable to it, or conflict with or result in a breach or violation of, or constitute any default under its charter documents or by-laws or any
indenture, mortgage, bank credit agreement, contract, agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which any of its properties may be bound; and 

(d)    there are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or threatened against it in any court or before any governmental
authority, agency or arbitration board or tribunal which, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on its right, power and authority to enter into or perform its obligations under this Trust Agreement. 

Section 7.4    Reliance; Advice of Counsel. 

(a)    The Owner Trustee may rely upon, shall be protected in relying upon, and shall incur no liability to anyone in
acting upon any signature, instrument, notice, resolution, request, consent, order, certificate, report, opinion, bond or other document or paper believed by it to be genuine and believed by it to be signed by the proper party or parties. The Owner
Trustee may accept a certified copy of a resolution of the board of directors or other governing body of any corporate party as conclusive evidence that such resolution has been duly adopted by such body and that the same is in full force and
effect. As to any fact or matter the method of the determination of which is not specifically prescribed herein, the Owner Trustee may for all purposes hereof rely on a certificate, signed by the president or any vice president or by the treasurer
or other authorized officers of the relevant party, as to such fact or matter and such certificate shall constitute full protection to the Owner Trustee for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in reliance thereon. 

(b)    In the exercise or administration of the trusts hereunder and in the performance of its duties and obligations
under this Trust Agreement or the other Transaction 

  
 22 

 
Documents, the Owner Trustee (i) may act directly or through its agents or attorneys pursuant to agreements entered into with any of them, and the Owner Trustee shall not be liable for the
conduct or misconduct of such agents or attorneys if such agents or attorneys shall have been selected by the Owner Trustee with reasonable care and (ii) may consult with counsel, accountants and other skilled Persons to be selected with
reasonable care and employed by it. The Owner Trustee shall not be liable for anything done, suffered or omitted in good faith by it in accordance with the written opinion or advice of any such counsel, accountants or other such Persons and not
contrary to this Trust Agreement or any other Transaction Document. 
 Section 7.5    Not Acting in Individual
Capacity. Except as provided in Section 7.3, in accepting the trusts hereby created, Wilmington Trust, National Association acts solely as Owner Trustee hereunder and not in its individual capacity, and all Persons having any claim against
the Owner Trustee by reason of the transactions contemplated by this Trust Agreement or any other Transaction Document shall look only to the Owner Trust Estate for payment or satisfaction thereof. 

Section 7.6    Owner Trustee Not Liable for Certificates or Receivables. The recitals contained herein and in
the Certificates (other than the signature and countersignature of the Owner Trustee on the Certificates) shall be taken as the statements of the Depositor, and the Owner Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness thereof. The Owner
Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Trust Agreement, any other Transaction Document, the Certificates (other than the signature and countersignature of the Owner Trustee on the Certificates) or the Notes, or of
any Receivable or related documents. The Owner Trustee shall at no time have any responsibility or liability for or with respect to the legality, validity and enforceability of any Receivable, or the perfection and priority of any security interest
created by any Receivable in any Financed Vehicle or the maintenance of any such perfection and priority, or for or with respect to the sufficiency of the Owner Trust Estate or its ability to generate the payments to be distributed to the
Certificateholders under this Trust Agreement or to the Noteholders under the Indenture, including the existence, condition and ownership of any Financed Vehicle, the existence and enforceability of any insurance thereon, the existence and
contents of any Receivable on any computer or other record thereof, the validity of the assignment of any Receivable to the Trust or any intervening assignment, the completeness of any Receivable, the performance or enforcement of any Receivable,
the compliance by the Depositor or the Servicer with any warranty or representation made under any Transaction Document or in any related document, or the accuracy of any such warranty or representation or any action of the Indenture Trustee, the
Administrator or the Servicer taken in the name of the Owner Trustee. 
 Section 7.7    Owner Trustee May Own
Certificates and Notes. The Owner Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Certificates or Notes and may deal with the Depositor, the Servicer, the Administrator and the Indenture Trustee in banking
transactions with the same rights as it would have if it were not Owner Trustee. 
 Section 7.8    Regulation
AB. The Owner Trustee shall cooperate in good faith with the Depositor to ensure compliance by the Depositor with the provisions of Regulation AB and related rules and regulations of the Commission. The Owner Trustee acknowledges that

  
 23 

 
interpretations of the requirements of Regulation AB may change over time, whether due to interpretive guidance provided by the Commission or its staff, consensus among participants in the
asset-backed securities markets, advice of counsel or otherwise. The Owner Trustee shall deliver to the Depositor (including any of its assignees or designees) upon request any and all reports, statements, certifications, records and other
information necessary in the good faith determination of the Depositor to permit the Depositor to comply with the provisions of Regulation AB, together with such disclosures relating to the Owner Trustee and the Receivables, or the servicing of the
Receivables, reasonably believed by the Depositor to be necessary in order to effect such compliance. The Depositor shall not request information or disclosures pursuant to this Section 7.8 other than in good faith, or for purposes other than
compliance with the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. 

ARTICLE VIII 
 COMPENSATION AND
INDEMNIFICATION OF OWNER TRUSTEE 
 Section 8.1    Owner Trustee’s Fees and Expenses. The
Owner Trustee shall receive as compensation for its services hereunder such fees as have been separately agreed upon before the date hereof between the Servicer and such trustee, and the Owner Trustee shall be reimbursed by the Servicer for its
other reasonable expenses hereunder, including the reasonable compensation, expenses and disbursements of such agents, representatives, experts and counsel as such trustee may employ in connection with the exercise and performance of its rights and
its duties hereunder. 
 Section 8.2    Indemnification. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law,
the Initial Servicer shall be liable as prime obligor for, and shall indemnify the Owner Trustee and its successors, assigns, agents and servants (collectively, the “Indemnified Parties”) from and against, any and all liabilities,
obligations, losses, damages, taxes, claims, actions and suits, and any and all reasonable costs, expenses and disbursements (including reasonable legal fees and expenses, including legal fees and expenses in connection with the enforcement of their
indemnification rights hereunder) of any kind and nature whatsoever (collectively, “Expenses”) which may at any time be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Owner Trustee or any other Indemnified Party in any way relating to or
arising out of this Trust Agreement, the other Transaction Documents, the Owner Trust Estate, the administration of the Owner Trust Estate or the action or inaction of the Owner Trustee hereunder; provided, however, that the Initial Servicer shall
not be liable for or required to indemnify an Indemnified Party from and against Expenses arising or resulting from any of the matters described in the third sentence of Section 7.1. Except as otherwise provided in Section 5.4(b) of
the Indenture, in no event will the Initial Servicer or the Owner Trustee be entitled to make any claim upon the Owner Trust Estate for the payment or reimbursement of any Expenses. The indemnities contained in this Section 8.2 shall survive
the resignation or termination of the Owner Trustee or the termination of this Trust Agreement. In the event of any claim, action or proceeding for which indemnity will be sought pursuant to this Section 8.2, the Owner Trustee’s choice of
legal counsel shall be subject to the approval of the Initial Servicer, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. 

  
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 Section 8.3    Payments to the Owner Trustee. Any amounts paid to
the Owner Trustee pursuant to this Article VIII shall be deemed not to be a part of the Owner Trust Estate immediately after such payment. 

ARTICLE IX 
 TERMINATION 

Section 9.1    Termination of Trust Agreement. 

(a)    This Trust Agreement (other than the provisions of Article VIII) shall terminate and be of no further force or
effect and the Trust shall dissolve upon the earlier of (i) the payment to the Servicer, the Noteholders and the Certificateholders of all amounts required to be paid to them pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, the Sale and Servicing
Agreement and Article V hereof and (ii) the Distribution Date next succeeding the month which is one year after the maturity or other liquidation of the last Receivable and the disposition of any amounts received upon liquidation of any
property remaining in the Trust. The bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution, death or incapacity of any Certificateholder shall not operate to terminate this Trust Agreement or the Trust, entitle such Certificateholder’s legal representatives or
heirs to claim an accounting or to take any action or proceeding in any court for a partition or winding up of all or any part of the Trust or Owner Trust Estate or otherwise affect the rights, obligations and liabilities of the parties hereto. 

(b)    No Certificateholder shall be entitled to revoke or terminate the Trust. 

(c)    Notice of any termination of the Trust, specifying the Distribution Date upon which the Certificateholders shall
surrender their Certificates to the Paying Agent for payment of the final distribution and cancellation, shall be given by the Owner Trustee by letter to Certificateholders mailed within five (5) Business Days of receipt of notice of such
termination from the Servicer, stating (i) the Distribution Date upon or with respect to which final payment of the Certificates shall be made upon presentation and surrender of the Certificates at the office of the Paying Agent therein
specified, (ii) the amount of any such final payment and (iii) that the Record Date otherwise applicable to such Distribution Date is not applicable, payments being made only upon presentation and surrender of the Certificates at the
office of the Paying Agent therein specified. The Owner Trustee shall give such notice to the Certificate Registrar (if other than the Owner Trustee) and the Paying Agent at the time such notice is given to Certificateholders. Upon presentation and
surrender of the Certificates, the Paying Agent shall cause to be distributed to the Certificateholders, subject to Section 3808 of the Statutory Trust Statute, amounts distributable on such Distribution Date pursuant to Section 5.2. In
the event that all of the Certificateholders shall not surrender their Certificates for cancellation within six (6) months after the date specified in the above mentioned written notice, the Owner Trustee shall give a second written notice to
the remaining Certificateholders to surrender their Certificates for cancellation and receive the final distribution with respect thereto. If within one year after the second notice all the Certificates shall not have been surrendered for
cancellation, the Owner Trustee may take appropriate steps, or may appoint an agent to take appropriate steps, to contact the remaining Certificateholders concerning surrender of their Certificates and the cost thereof shall be paid out of the funds
and other assets that shall remain subject to this Trust Agreement. Subject to applicable escheat laws, any funds remaining in the Trust after exhaustion of such remedies shall be distributed by the Owner Trustee to the Certificateholders in
proportion to each Certificateholder’s Certificate Percentage Interest. 

  
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 (d)    Upon the winding up of the Trust, in accordance with Section 3808
of the Statutory Trust Statute, and its termination, the Owner Trustee shall, at the written direction and expense of the Depositor, cause the Certificate of Trust to be canceled by filing a certificate of cancellation with the Secretary of State in
accordance with the provisions of Section 3810 of the Statutory Trust Statute. 
 ARTICLE X 

SUCCESSOR OWNER TRUSTEES AND ADDITIONAL OWNER TRUSTEES 

Section 10.1    Eligibility Requirements for Owner Trustee. The Owner Trustee shall at all times (i) be a
corporation or banking association satisfying the provisions of Section 3807(a) of the Statutory Trust Statute, (ii) be authorized to exercise corporate trust powers, (iii) have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000
and be subject to supervision or examination by federal or State authorities and (iv) have (or have a parent that has) a long-term debt rating of investment grade by each of the Rating Agencies or otherwise be acceptable to each of the Rating
Agencies. If such corporation or banking association shall publish reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purpose of this Section 10.1 the
combined capital and surplus of such corporation or banking association shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Owner Trustee shall cease to be
eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section 10.1, the Owner Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 10.2. 

Section 10.2    Resignation or Removal of Owner Trustee. The Owner Trustee may at any time resign and be
discharged from the trusts hereby created by giving written notice thereof to the Administrator and the Depositor. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Administrator shall promptly appoint a successor Owner Trustee (acceptable to the
Depositor) by written instrument, in duplicate, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Owner Trustee and one copy to the successor Owner Trustee. If no successor Owner Trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted
appointment within thirty (30) days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Owner Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Owner Trustee. 

If at any time the Owner Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 10.1 and shall fail to resign
after written request therefor by the Administrator, or if at any time the Owner Trustee shall be legally unable to act, or shall be adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Owner Trustee or of its property shall be appointed, or any
public officer shall take charge or control of the Owner Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, or the Owner Trustee shall otherwise become incapable of acting, then the Administrator
shall remove the Owner Trustee. If the Administrator shall remove the Owner Trustee under the authority of the immediately preceding sentence, the Administrator shall promptly appoint a successor Owner Trustee (acceptable to the Depositor) by
written instrument, in duplicate, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the removed Owner Trustee and one copy to the successor Owner Trustee. 

  
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 Any resignation or removal of the Owner Trustee and appointment of a successor Owner Trustee
pursuant to this Section 10.2 shall not become effective until acceptance of appointment by the successor Owner Trustee pursuant to Section 10.3 and payment of all fees and expenses owed to the outgoing Owner Trustee. The Administrator
shall provide notice of such resignation or removal of the Owner Trustee to the Depositor, the Certificateholders, the Indenture Trustee, the Noteholders and the Rating Agencies. 

Section 10.3    Successor Owner Trustee. Any successor Owner Trustee appointed pursuant to Section 10.2
shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Administrator and to its predecessor Owner Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment under this Trust Agreement, and thereupon, subject to the payment of all fees and expenses owed to the
predecessor Owner Trustee, the resignation or removal of the predecessor Owner Trustee shall become effective and such successor Owner Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become fully vested with all the rights, powers,
duties and obligations of its predecessor under this Trust Agreement, with like effect as if originally named as Owner Trustee. The predecessor Owner Trustee shall, upon payment of its fees and expenses, deliver to the successor Owner Trustee all
documents, statements and monies held by it under this Trust Agreement, and the Administrator and the predecessor Owner Trustee shall execute and deliver such instruments and do such other things as may reasonably be required for fully and certainly
vesting and confirming in the successor Owner Trustee all such rights, powers, duties and obligations. 
 No successor Owner Trustee shall
accept appointment as provided in this Section 10.3 unless, at the time of such acceptance, such successor Owner Trustee shall be eligible pursuant to Section 10.1. 

Any successor Owner Trustee appointed pursuant to this Section 10.3 shall file an amendment to the Certificate of Trust with the
Secretary of State reflecting the name and principal place of business of such successor in the State of Delaware. 
 Upon acceptance of
appointment by a successor Owner Trustee pursuant to this Section 10.3, the Administrator shall mail notice of such appointment to all Certificateholders, the Indenture Trustee, the Noteholders and the Rating Agencies. If the Administrator
shall fail to mail such notice within ten (10) days after acceptance of appointment by the successor Owner Trustee, the successor Owner Trustee shall cause such notice to be mailed at the expense of the Administrator. 

Section 10.4    Merger or Consolidation of Owner Trustee. 

(a)    If the Owner Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all its corporate
trust business or assets to, another corporation or banking association, the resulting, surviving or transferee corporation or banking association, without any further act except the filing of an amendment to the Certificate of Trust, if required
under the Statutory Trust Statute, shall be the successor Owner Trustee; provided, however, that 

  
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such corporation or banking association must be otherwise qualified and eligible under Section 10.1. The Owner Trustee shall provide the Administrator (who shall promptly forward to the
Rating Agencies) with prior written notice of any such transaction. 
 (b)    If at the time such successor or
successors by consolidation, merger or conversion to the Owner Trustee shall succeed to the trusts created by this Trust Agreement any of the Certificates shall have been authenticated but not delivered, any such successor to the Owner Trustee may
adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor trustee and deliver such Certificates so authenticated, and in case at that time any of the Certificates shall not have been authenticated, any such successor to the Owner Trustee may
authenticate such Certificates either in the name of any predecessor trustee or in the name of the successor to the Owner Trustee. In all such cases such certificates shall have the full force which the Certificates or this Trust Agreement provide
that the certificate of the Owner Trustee shall have. 
 Section 10.5    Appointment of Co-Trustee or Separate Trustee. 
 (a)    Notwithstanding any other provisions of
this Trust Agreement to the contrary, at any time, for the purpose of meeting any legal requirement of any jurisdiction in which any part of the Owner Trust Estate or any Financed Vehicle may at the time be located, the Administrator and the Owner
Trustee acting jointly shall have the power and may execute and deliver an instrument to appoint one or more Persons approved by the Owner Trustee to act as co-trustee or
co-trustees, jointly with the Owner Trustee, or separate trustee or separate trustees, of all or any part of the Owner Trust Estate, and to vest in such Person or Persons, in such capacity and for the benefit
of the Certificateholders, such title to the Owner Trust Estate, or any part thereof, and, subject to the other provisions of this Section 10.5, such powers, duties, obligations, rights and trusts as the Administrator and the Owner Trustee may
consider necessary or desirable. If the Administrator shall not have joined in such appointment within fifteen (15) days after the receipt by it of a request so to do, the Owner Trustee alone shall have the power to make such appointment. No co-trustee or separate trustee under this Trust Agreement shall be required to meet the terms of eligibility as a successor trustee under Section 10.1 and no notice of the appointment of any co-trustee or separate trustee shall be required under Section 10.3. 

(b)    Each separate trustee and co-trustee shall, to the extent permitted by law,
be appointed and act subject to the following provisions and conditions: 
 (i)    all rights, powers,
duties and obligations conferred or imposed upon the Owner Trustee shall be conferred or imposed upon and exercised or performed by the Owner Trustee and such separate trustee or co-trustee jointly (it being
understood that such separate trustee or co-trustee shall not be authorized to act separately without the Owner Trustee joining in such act), except to the extent that under any law of any jurisdiction in
which any particular act or acts are to be performed the Owner Trustee shall be incompetent or unqualified to perform such act or acts, in which event such rights, powers, duties and obligations (including the holding of title to the Owner Trust
Estate or any portion thereof in any such jurisdiction) shall be exercised and performed singly by such separate trustee or co-trustee, but solely at the direction of the Owner Trustee; 

  
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 (ii)    no trustee under this Trust Agreement shall be
personally liable by reason of any act or omission of any other trustee under this Trust Agreement; and 

(iii)    the Administrator and the Owner Trustee acting jointly may at any time accept the resignation of
or remove any separate trustee or co-trustee. 
 (c)    Any notice, request or
other writing given to the Owner Trustee shall be deemed to have been given to each of the then separate trustees and co-trustees as effectively as if given to each of them. Every instrument appointing any
separate trustee or co-trustee shall refer to this Trust Agreement and the conditions of this Article X. Each separate trustee and co-trustee, upon its acceptance of the
trusts conferred, shall be vested with the estates or property specified in its instrument of appointment, either jointly with the Owner Trustee or separately, as may be provided therein, subject to all the provisions of this Trust Agreement,
specifically including every provision of this Trust Agreement relating to the conduct of, affecting the liability of, or affording protection to, the Owner Trustee. Each such instrument shall be filed with the Owner Trustee and a copy thereof given
to the Administrator. 
 (d)    Any separate trustee or co-trustee may at any
time constitute the Owner Trustee its agent or attorney-in-fact with full power and authority, to the extent permitted by law, to do any lawful act under or in respect
of this Trust Agreement on its behalf and in its name. If any separate trustee or co-trustee shall die, become incapable of acting, resign or be removed, all of its estates, properties, rights, remedies and
trusts shall vest in and be exercised by the Owner Trustee, to the extent permitted by law, without the appointment of a new or successor trustee. 

ARTICLE XI 
 MISCELLANEOUS 

Section 11.1    Supplements and Amendments. 

(a)    This Trust Agreement may be amended from time to time by a written amendment duly executed and delivered by the
Depositor and the Owner Trustee, without the consent of any Noteholder, any Certificateholder or any other Person, including to further prevent or help avoid the application to the Notes of the Treasury Regulations (or other interpretive guidance)
issued under Section 385 of the Code; provided, however, that (i) any such amendment shall not, as evidenced by an Opinion of Counsel to the Depositor delivered to the Indenture Trustee and Owner Trustee, adversely affect in
any material respect the interests of the Noteholders or (ii) the Rating Agency Condition is satisfied with respect to such amendment and the Servicer notifies the Indenture Trustee in writing that the Rating Agency Condition is satisfied with
respect to such amendment. 
 (b)    This Trust Agreement may be amended from time to time by the Depositor and the
Owner Trustee, with the consent of the Holders (as defined in the Indenture) of Notes evidencing not less than 51% of the Note Balance or, if the Notes have been paid in full, the Holders of Certificates evidencing not less than 51% of the aggregate
Certificate Percentage Interest, for the purpose of adding any provisions to, or changing in any manner or 

  
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eliminating any of the provisions of, this Trust Agreement or modifying in any manner the rights of the Noteholders or the Certificateholders; provided, however, that no such
amendment may: 
 (i)    increase or reduce in any manner the amount of, or accelerate or delay the
timing of, or change the allocation or priority of, collections of payments on or in respect of the Receivables or distributions that are required to be made for the benefit of the Noteholders or the Certificateholders, or change any Note Rate,
without the consent of all Noteholders and Certificateholders adversely affected by such amendment; 

(ii)    reduce the percentage of the Note Balance or the percentage of the aggregate Certificate Percentage
Interest the consent of the Holders of which is required for any amendment to this Trust Agreement without the consent of all the Noteholders and Certificateholders adversely affected by the amendment; or 

(iii)    adversely affect the rating assigned by any Rating Agency to any Class of Notes without the
consent of the Holders (as defined in the Indenture) of Notes evidencing not less than 66 2/3% of the aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes of such Class. 

(c)    Any term or provision of this Trust Agreement may also be amended from time to time by the Depositor and the Owner
Trustee for the purpose of conforming the terms of this Trust Agreement to the description thereof in the Prospectus or, to the extent not contrary to the Prospectus, to the description thereof in an offering memorandum with respect to the
Certificates without the consent of the Indenture Trustee, any Noteholder, any Certificateholder, the Trust, or any other Person; provided, however, that the Depositor shall provide written notification of the substance of such
amendment to the Indenture Trustee and the Trust. 
 (d)    Prior to the execution of any amendment or consent pursuant
to Section 11.1, the Depositor shall provide written notification of the substance of such amendment or consent to each Rating Agency. 

(e)    Promptly after the execution of any such amendment or consent, the Owner Trustee shall furnish an executed copy of
such amendment or consent to each Certificateholder and the Depositor shall furnish written notification of the substance of such amendment or consent to the Indenture Trustee and the Rating Agencies. 

(f)    It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Certificateholders or the Noteholders pursuant to
Section 11.1(b) to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment or consent, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof. The manner of obtaining such consents (and any other consents of
Certificateholders provided for in this Trust Agreement or in any other Transaction Document) and of evidencing the authorization of the execution thereof by Certificateholders shall be subject to such reasonable requirements as the Owner Trustee
may prescribe. 
 (g)    Promptly after the execution of any amendment to the Certificate of Trust, the Owner Trustee
shall file such amendment or cause such amendment to be filed with the Secretary of State. 
 (h)    The Owner Trustee
may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such amendment that affects the Owner Trustee’s own rights, duties, liabilities or immunities under this Trust Agreement or otherwise. 

  
 30 

 (i)    Prior to the execution of any amendment to this Trust Agreement or any
amendment to any other agreement to which the Trust is a party, the Owner Trustee shall be entitled to receive and shall be fully protected in relying upon an Opinion of Counsel or an Officer’s Certificate of the Depositor stating that the
execution of such amendment is authorized or permitted by this Trust Agreement and that all conditions precedent in this Trust Agreement to the execution and delivery of such amendment have been satisfied. 

Section 11.2    No Legal Title to Owner Trust Estate in Certificateholders. The Certificateholders shall not
have legal title to any part of the Owner Trust Estate. The Certificateholders shall be entitled to receive distributions with respect to their undivided beneficial interest therein only in accordance with Articles V and IX. No transfer, by
operation of law or otherwise, of any right, title or interest of the Certificateholders in and to their beneficial interest in the Owner Trust Estate shall operate to terminate this Trust Agreement or the trusts hereunder or entitle any transferee
to an accounting or to the transfer to it of legal title to any part of the Owner Trust Estate. 

Section 11.3    Limitation on Rights of Others. The provisions of this Trust Agreement are solely for the
benefit of the Owner Trustee, the Depositor, the Administrator, the Certificateholders, the Servicer and, to the extent expressly provided herein, the Indenture Trustee and the Noteholders, and nothing in this Trust Agreement or in the Certificates,
whether express or implied, shall be construed to give to any other Person any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim in the Owner Trust Estate or under or in respect of this Trust Agreement or any covenants, conditions or provisions contained
herein. 
 Section 11.4    Notices. All demands, notices and other communications under this Trust Agreement
shall be in writing, personally delivered, sent by telecopier, email, overnight courier or mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, and shall be deemed to have been duly given upon receipt (i) in the case of the Owner Trustee,
at the Corporate Trust Office, (ii) in the case of the Depositor, at the following address: 12800 Tuckahoe Creek Parkway, Suite 400, Richmond, Virginia 23238, Attention: Treasurer, (iii) in the case of the Indenture Trustee, at the
Corporate Trust Office, (iv) in the case of Fitch, at the following address: Fitch Ratings, Inc., 33 Whitehall Street, New York, New York 10004, Attention: Auto Asset Backed Securities Group, and via email to
surveillance-abs-auto@fitchratings.com, (v) in the case of S&P Global Ratings, at the following address: S&P Global Ratings, 55 Water Street,
New York, New York 10041, Attention: Asset Backed Surveillance Department and (vi) in the case of the Administrator, at the following address: 12800 Tuckahoe Creek Parkway, Richmond, Virginia 23238, Attention: Treasury Department. Any
notice required or permitted to be mailed to a Certificateholder shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid, at the address of such Holder as shown in the Certificate Register. Any notice so mailed within the time prescribed in this Trust
Agreement shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the Certificateholder shall receive such notice. 

Section 11.5    Severability. If any provision of this Trust Agreement or the Certificates shall be held for
any reason whatsoever invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Trust Agreement and the Certificates shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. 

  
 31 

 Section 11.6    Separate Counterparts. This Trust Agreement may
be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which counterparts when so executed shall be deemed to be an original, and all of which counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. 

Section 11.7    Successors and Assigns. All covenants and agreements in this Trust Agreement and the
Certificates shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, the Depositor, the Owner Trustee and its successors and each Certificateholder and its successors and permitted assigns, all as herein provided. Any request, notice, direction,
consent, waiver or other instrument or action by a Certificateholder shall bind the successors and assigns of such Certificateholder. 

Section 11.8    Covenants of the Depositor. The Depositor shall not at any time institute against the Trust,
or join in any institution against the Trust of, any bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, insolvency or liquidation proceedings, or other proceedings under any United States federal or State bankruptcy or similar law in connection with any
obligations relating to the Certificates, the Notes, this Trust Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents. 

Section 11.9    No Petition. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Owner Trustee (not in its
individual capacity but solely as Owner Trustee), by entering into this Trust Agreement, each Certificateholder, by accepting a Certificate, and the Indenture Trustee and each Noteholder, by accepting the benefits of this Trust Agreement, hereby
covenant and agree that they will not at any time institute against the Depositor or the Trust, or join in any institution against the Depositor or the Trust of, or cooperate with or encourage others to institute against the Depositor or the Trust,
any bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, insolvency or liquidation proceedings, or other proceedings under any United States federal or State bankruptcy or similar law in connection with any obligations relating to the Certificates, the Notes,
this Trust Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents. 
 Section 11.10    No Recourse. Each
Certificateholder, by accepting a Certificate, acknowledges that the Certificates represent beneficial interests in the Trust only and do not represent interests in or obligations of the Depositor, the Servicer, the Administrator, the Owner Trustee,
the Indenture Trustee or any Affiliate thereof, and no recourse may be had against such parties or their assets, except as may be expressly set forth or contemplated in this Trust Agreement, the Certificates or the other Transaction Documents. 

Section 11.11    Headings. The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for
convenience only and shall not define or limit any of the terms or provisions hereof. 

Section 11.12    Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial. 

(a)    This Trust Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware and the obligations,
rights and remedies of the parties under this Trust Agreement shall be determined in accordance with such laws. 

  
 32 

 (b)    The parties hereto hereby irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent
permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Trust Agreement. 

Section 11.13    Depositor Payment Obligation. The Depositor shall be responsible for payment of the
Administrator’s compensation under the Administration Agreement and shall reimburse the Administrator for all expenses and liabilities of the Administrator incurred under the Administration Agreement. 

Section 11.14    Certificates Nonassessable and Fully Paid. The Certificateholders shall not be personally
liable for the obligations of the Trust. The interests represented by the Certificates shall be nonassessable for any losses or expenses of the Trust or for any reason whatsoever, and, upon the authentication thereof by the Owner Trustee pursuant to
Section 3.3, Section 3.4 or Section 3.5, the Certificates are and shall be deemed fully paid. 

Section 11.15    Ratification of Prior Actions. Any actions taken by the Owner Trustee or the Administrator,
in each case for itself or on behalf of the Trust, in connection with the opening of bank accounts, deposit of monies into such accounts, obtaining of sales finance company licenses on behalf of the Trust and any actions related thereto are hereby
confirmed and ratified in all respects, and the Owner Trustee shall be entitled to the indemnity provided for in Section 8.2 with respect to such actions. 

Section 11.16    Legal Fees Associated with Indemnification. With respect to any indemnification provisions in
this Trust Agreement providing that a party to this Trust Agreement is required to indemnify another party to this Trust Agreement for attorney’s fees and expenses, such fees and expenses are intended to include attorney’s fees and
expenses relating to the enforcement of such indemnity. 
 [SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS] 

  
 33 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Depositor and the Owner Trustee have caused this Trust Agreement to be
duly executed by their respective officers, thereunto duly authorized and duly attested, all as of the day and year first above written. 
  

			
	CARMAX AUTO FUNDING LLC,
as Depositor
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Enrique Mayor-Mora

	Name:	 	Enrique Mayor-Mora
	Title:	 	Vice President and Treasurer
	
	WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
as Owner Trustee
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Jennifer A. Luce

	Name:	 	Jennifer A. Luce
	Title:	 	Vice President

  

			
	Accepted and agreed:
	
	CARMAX BUSINESS SERVICES, LLC,
as Servicer
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Thomas W. Reedy

	Name:	 	Thomas W. Reedy
	Title:	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

 U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION acknowledges and accepts, as of the date first above written, its appointment as Paying Agent
and Certificate Registrar in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and agrees to be bound by the terms of this Agreement applicable to the Indenture Trustee, Paying Agent and Certificate Registrar. 

 

			
	By:	 	/s/ Christopher J. Nuxoll
	Name:	 	Christopher J. Nuxoll
	Title:	 	Vice President

 Exhibit A 

Form of Certificate 

THIS ASSET-BACKED CERTIFICATE IS SUBORDINATED IN RIGHT OF PAYMENT TO THE NOTES TO THE EXTENT DESCRIBED IN THE TRUST AGREEMENT, THE SALE AND
SERVICING AGREEMENT AND THE INDENTURE REFERRED TO HEREIN. 
  

	 REGISTERED     
	 NO. R-[            ]

 CARMAX AUTO OWNER TRUST 2018-1 

ASSET-BACKED CERTIFICATE 

evidencing a beneficial interest in the property of CarMax Auto Owner Trust 2018-1, a Delaware
statutory trust (the “Trust”), which property includes a pool of retail installment sale contracts secured by new and used motor vehicles sold by CarMax Business Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the
“Seller”), to CarMax Auto Funding LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Depositor”), and sold by the Depositor to the Trust. The property of the Trust (other than the Certificate Payment Account and the
proceeds thereof) has been pledged by the Trust to U.S. Bank National Association, a national banking association, as Indenture Trustee (in such capacity, the “Indenture Trustee”), pursuant to an Indenture dated as of
January 1, 2018 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Indenture”) between the Trust and the Indenture Trustee to secure the payment of the Notes issued thereunder. 

This certifies that CarMax Auto Funding LLC is the registered owner of a 100% Certificate Percentage Interest nonassessable, fully paid,
beneficial interest in the Trust. The Trust was created pursuant to a Trust Agreement dated as of May 1, 2017 between the Depositor and Wilmington Trust, National Association, not in its individual capacity but solely as Owner Trustee (in such
capacity, the “Owner Trustee”),as amended and restated by an Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated as of January 1, 2018 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified and in effect from time to time, the “Trust
Agreement”) among the Depositor and the Owner Trustee, a summary of certain of the pertinent provisions of which is set forth below. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in the Trust Agreement or
in the Sale and Servicing Agreement dated as of January 1, 2018 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified and in effect from time to time, the “Sale and Servicing Agreement”) among the Trust, the Depositor, and CarMax
Business Services, LLC, as servicer (in such capacity, the “Servicer”). 
 This Certificate is issued under and is subject
to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Trust Agreement, to which Trust Agreement the Holder of this Certificate by virtue of the acceptance hereof assents and by which such Holder is bound. The property of the Trust includes: (i) a pool
of retail installment sale contracts originated in connection with the sale of new or used motor vehicles (the “Receivables”); (ii) all amounts received on or in respect of the Receivables after the Cutoff Date; (iii) the
security interests in the Financed Vehicles granted 

  
 Ex. A-1 

 
by the Obligors pursuant to the Receivables and any other interest of the Seller or the Depositor in such Financed Vehicles; (iv) all proceeds from claims on or refunds of premiums with
respect to physical damage, theft, GAP, credit life or credit disability insurance policies relating to the Financed Vehicles or the Obligors; (v) the Receivable Files; (vi) the Collection Account, the Note Payment Account, the Certificate
Payment Account and the Reserve Account and the Trust’s right, title and interest in all amounts, securities, financial assets, investments and other property deposited in or credited to any of the foregoing and all proceeds thereof;
(vii) all rights of the Depositor under the Receivables Purchase Agreement, including the right to require the Seller to repurchase Receivables from the Depositor; (viii) all rights of the Trust under the Sale and Servicing Agreement,
including the right to require the Servicer to purchase Receivables from the Trust; (ix) the right to realize upon any property (including the right to receive future Liquidation Proceeds) that shall have secured a Receivable and have been
repossessed by or on behalf of the Trust; and (x) all present and future claims, demands, causes of action and choses in action in respect of any or all of the foregoing and all payments on or under and all proceeds of every kind and nature
whatsoever in respect of any or all of the foregoing, including all proceeds of the conversion thereof, voluntary or involuntary, into cash or other liquid property, all accounts, general intangibles, chattel paper, instruments, documents, money,
investment property, deposit accounts, letters of credit, letter-of-credit rights, insurance proceeds, condemnation awards, rights to payment of any and every kind and
other forms of obligations and all other property which at any time constitutes all or part of or is included in the proceeds of any of the foregoing. 

THE RIGHTS OF THE TRUST IN THE FOREGOING PROPERTY OF THE TRUST (OTHER THAN THE CERTIFICATE PAYMENT ACCOUNT AND THE PROCEEDS THEREOF) HAVE BEEN
PLEDGED TO THE INDENTURE TRUSTEE TO SECURE THE PAYMENT OF THE NOTES. 
 Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, there will be distributed on each
Distribution Date to the Person in whose name this Certificate is registered at the close of business on the Business Day preceding such Distribution Date such Certificateholder’s Certificate Percentage Interest in the amount to be distributed
to Certificateholders on such Distribution Date. 
 “Distribution Date” means the 15th day of each month or, if such 15th
day is not a Business Day, the following Business Day, commencing on February 15, 2018. 
 THE HOLDER OF THIS CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGES
AND AGREES THAT ITS RIGHTS TO RECEIVE DISTRIBUTIONS IN RESPECT OF THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBORDINATED TO THE RIGHTS OF THE NOTEHOLDERS AS DESCRIBED IN THE TRUST AGREEMENT, THE SALE AND SERVICING AGREEMENT AND THE INDENTURE. 

It is the intent of the Depositor, the Seller, the Servicer and the Certificateholders that, for purposes of federal income taxes, State and
local income taxes and any other income taxes, the Trust will be treated either as a disregarded entity under Treasury Regulation Section 301.7701-3 or as a partnership, and that the Certificateholders
(including the Depositor) will be treated as partners in that partnership. The Certificateholders, by acceptance of a Certificate, agree to such treatment and agree to take no action inconsistent with such treatment. 

  
 Ex. A-2 

 Each Certificateholder, by its acceptance of a Certificate, covenants and agrees that such
Certificateholder will not at any time institute against the Depositor or the Trust, or join in any institution against the Depositor or the Trust of, any bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, insolvency or liquidation proceedings under any
United States federal or State bankruptcy or similar law in connection with any obligations relating to the Notes, the Certificates, the Trust Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents. 

Distributions on this Certificate will be made as provided in the Trust Agreement by the Paying Agent by wire transfer or check mailed to the
Certificateholder of record in the Certificate Register without the presentation or surrender of this Certificate or the making of any notation hereon. Except as otherwise provided in the Trust Agreement and notwithstanding the above, the final
distribution on this Certificate will be made after due notice by the Owner Trustee of the pendency of such distribution and only upon presentation and surrender of this Certificate at the office or agency of the Certificate Registrar maintained for
that purpose in St. Paul, Minnesota. 
 Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Certificate set forth on the reverse
hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if fully set forth on the face of this Certificate. 

Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by an authorized officer of the Owner Trustee, by manual signature, this
Certificate shall not entitle the Holder hereof to any benefit under the Trust Agreement or the Sale and Servicing Agreement or be valid for any purpose. 

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] 

  
 Ex. A-3 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Owner Trustee, on behalf of the Trust and not in its individual capacity,
has caused this Certificate to be duly executed as of the date set forth below. 
 Dated: January 24, 2018 

 

			
	CARMAX AUTO OWNER TRUST 2018-1
		
	By:	 	WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, not in its individual capacity but solely as Owner Trustee
		
	By:	 	  

	Name:	 	
	Title:	 	

 OWNER TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION 

This is one of the Certificates referred to in the within-mentioned Trust Agreement. 

Dated: January 24, 2018 
  

			
	By:	 	WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, not in its individual capacity but solely as Owner Trustee
		
	By:	 	  

	Name:	 	
	Title:	 	

  
 Ex. A-4 

 [REVERSE OF CERTIFICATE] 

This Certificate does not represent an obligation of, or an interest in, the Depositor, the Seller, the Servicer, the Administrator, the Owner
Trustee or any Affiliates of any of them, and no recourse may be had against such parties or their assets, except as may be expressly set forth or contemplated herein, in the Trust Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. In addition, this
Certificate is not guaranteed by any governmental agency or instrumentality and is limited in right of payment to certain collections with respect to the Receivables (and certain other amounts), all as more specifically set forth herein and in the
Sale and Servicing Agreement. 
 The Trust Agreement permits the Depositor and the Owner Trustee, on behalf of the Trust, with certain
exceptions therein provided, to amend or waive from time to time certain terms and conditions set forth in the Trust Agreement without the consent of the Holders of the Certificates. The Trust Agreement also permits the Depositor and the Owner
Trustee, on behalf of the Trust, with certain exceptions as therein provided, to amend or waive certain terms and conditions set forth in the Trust Agreement with the consent of the Holders of the Notes evidencing not less than 51% of the Note
Balance or, if the Notes have been paid in full, the Holders of Certificates evidencing not less than 51% of the aggregate Certificate Percentage Interest. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Certificate shall be conclusive and binding
on such Holder and on all future Holders of this Certificate and of any Certificate issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this
Certificate. 
 As provided in the Trust Agreement and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, the Transfer of this Certificate
may be registered in the Certificate Register upon surrender of this Certificate for registration of Transfer at the office or agency of the Certificate Registrar maintained for that purpose in St. Paul, Minnesota and a written instrument of
transfer in form satisfactory to the Certificate Registrar duly executed by the Holder hereof or such Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Certificates in any authorized denomination and in the same
aggregate principal amount will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees. No service charge shall be made for any registration of Transfer or exchange of Certificates, but the Owner Trustee or the Certificate Registrar may require
payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection therewith. The initial Certificate Registrar appointed under the Trust Agreement is the Indenture Trustee. 

Each Certificateholder, by its acceptance of a Certificate, shall be deemed to have represented and warranted that such Certificateholder is
not acquiring the Certificate with the assets of any (i) “employee benefit plan” (as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”)) that is subject to Title I of
ERISA, (ii) “plan” described in Section 4975(e)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), including individual retirement accounts and Keogh plans, that is subject to the provisions of
Section 4975 of the Code (iii) entity whose underlying assets include “plan assets” within the meaning of the United States Department of Labor Regulation 29 C.F.R. Section 2510.3-101,
as modified by Section 3(42) of ERISA, by reason of an employee benefit plan’s or plan’s investment in such entity or (iv) employee benefit plan or arrangement not subject to Title I

  
 Ex. A-5 

 
of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code whose acquisition of a Certificate would constitute or result in a violation of any applicable law that is substantially similar to Title I of ERISA or
Section 4975 of the Code. 
 Any person who is not an affiliate of the Seller and acquires more than 49.9% of the Certificates will be
deemed to represent that it is not a party in interest (within the meaning of ERISA) or a disqualified person (within the meaning of Section 4975(e)(2) of the Code) with respect to any “employee benefit plan” (as defined under
Section 3(3) of ERISA) or any “plan” (as described under Section 4975 of the Code), other than a plan that it sponsors for the benefit of its employees, and that no plan with respect to which it is a party in interest or
disqualified person has or will acquire any interest in the Notes. 
 The Certificates are issuable only in registered form in denominations
as provided in the Trust Agreement, subject to certain limitations therein set forth. 
 The Owner Trustee, the Certificate Registrar and
any Paying Agent may treat the Person in whose name this Certificate is registered in the Certificate Register (as of the day of determination) as the owner of this Certificate for the purpose of receiving distributions pursuant to the Trust
Agreement and for all other purposes whatsoever, and none of the Owner Trustee, the Certificate Registrar or any Paying Agent shall be bound by any notice to the contrary. 

The Trust Agreement, with certain exceptions therein provided, and the Trust shall terminate and be of no further force or effect upon the
earlier of (i) the payment to the Servicer, the Noteholders and the Certificateholders of all amounts required to be paid to them pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, the Sale and Servicing Agreement and the Trust Agreement and (ii) the
Distribution Date next succeeding the month which is one year after the maturity or other liquidation of the last Receivable and the disposition of any amounts received upon liquidation of any property remaining in the Trust. 

THIS CERTIFICATE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, AND THE OBLIGATIONS, RIGHTS AND
REMEDIES OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL BE DETERMINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH LAWS. 

  
 Ex. A-6 

 ASSIGNMENT 

SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER 
 OR OTHER IDENTIFICATION 

NUMBER OF ASSIGNEE:                      

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto  
                                         
                      
  

                          
                                         
                                         
                                         
                                         
                         

(name and address of assignee) 
 the within
Certificate and all rights thereunder, and hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints                     , attorney, to transfer said
Certificate on the Certificate Register, with full power of substitution in the premises. 
 Dated: 

 

			
		 	                                    
                                     */
		
		 	Signature Guaranteed:
		
		 	                                    
                                     */

  

	*/	NOTICE: The signature to this assignment must correspond with the name of the registered owner as it appears on the face of the within Certificate in every particular, without alteration, enlargement or any change
whatsoever. Such signature must be guaranteed by an “eligible guarantor institution” meeting the requirements of the Certificate Registrar. 

  
 Ex. A-7 

 Exhibit B 

Form of Certificate of Trust 

Certificate of Trust of CarMax Auto Owner Trust 2018-1 

This Certificate of Trust of CarMax Auto Owner Trust 2018-1 (the “Trust”) is being
duly executed and filed by Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association, as owner trustee (the “Owner Trustee”), to form a statutory trust under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (12 Del. Code,
§ 3801 et seq.) (the “Act”). 
 1.    Name. The name of the statutory
trust formed hereby is CarMax Auto Owner Trust 2018-1. 
 2.    Delaware
Trustee. The name and business address of a trustee of the Trust having its principal place of business in the State of Delaware is Wilmington Trust, National Association, 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890, Attn: Corporate
Trust Administration. 
 3.    Effective Date. This Certificate of Trust shall be effective upon its filing with
the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Certificate of Trust in accordance
with Section 3811(a)(1) of the Act. 
  

			
	WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, not in its individual capacity but solely as Owner Trustee
		
	By:	 	  

		 	Name:
		 	Title:

  
 Ex. Bex_103452.htm

Exhibit 4.1

 

NEITHER THE ISSUANCE AND SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THESE SECURITIES ARE CONVERTIBLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL (WHICH MAY BE THE LEGAL COUNSEL OPINION (AS DEFINED IN THE PURCHASE AGREEMENT)), IN A FORM ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY AND ITS COUNSEL, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144, RULE 144A OR REGULATION S UNDER SAID ACT. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES.

 

	
			Principal Amount: $1,250,000

				
			Issue Date: January 23, 2018

			
	
			Actual Amount of Purchase Price: $1,000,000.00

				
			 

			

 

SENIOR CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, DPW HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation (hereinafter called the “Borrower” or the “Company”), hereby promises to pay to the order of ______________, a Delaware limited liability company, or registered assigns (the “Holder”), in the form of lawful money of the United States of America, the principal sum of $1,250,000.00, which amount is the $1,000,000.00 actual amount of the purchase price (the “Consideration”) hereof plus an original issue discount in the amount of $250,000.00 (the “OID”) (subject to adjustment herein) (the “Principal Amount”) and to pay a one-time interest charge of ten percent (10%) of the Principal Amount (the “Interest Rate”) on the date hereof (the “Issue Date”). The maturity date shall be six (6) months from the Issue Date (each a “Maturity Date”), and is the date upon which the Consideration, OID, as well as any accrued and unpaid interest and other fees, shall be due and payable.

 

It is further acknowledged and agreed that the Principal Amount owed by Borrower under this Note shall be increased by the amount of all expenses incurred by the Holder relating to the conversion of this Note into shares of Common Stock. All such expenses shall be deemed added to the Principal Amount hereunder to the extent such expenses are paid by the Holder.

 

This Note may not be prepaid or repaid in whole or in part except as otherwise explicitly set forth herein. 

 

This Note shall be a senior obligation of the Company, with priority over all future Indebtedness (as defined below) of the Company as provided for herein. 

Interest shall commence accruing on the date that the Note is fully funded and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year and the actual number of days elapsed. Any Principal Amount or interest on this Note which is not paid when due shall bear interest at the rate of the lesser of (i) fifteen percent (15%) per annum and (ii) the maximum amount permitted by law from the due date thereof until the same is paid (“Default Interest”). 

 

All payments due hereunder (to the extent not converted into shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Borrower (the “Common Stock”) in accordance with the terms hereof) shall be made in lawful money of the United States of America. All payments shall be made at such address as the Holder shall hereafter give to the Borrower by written notice made in accordance with the provisions of this Note. Whenever any amount expressed to be due by the terms of this Note is due on any day which is not a business day, the same shall instead be due on the next succeeding day which is a business day and, in the case of any interest payment date which is not the date on which this Note is paid in full, the extension of the due date thereof shall not be taken into account for purposes of determining the amount of interest due on such date. 

 

 

 

 

Each capitalized term used herein, and not otherwise defined, shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of the Issue Date, pursuant to which this Note was originally issued (the “Purchase Agreement”). As used in this Note, the term “business day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a day on which commercial banks in the city of New York, New York are authorized or required by law or executive order to remain closed. As used herein, the term “Trading Day” means any day that shares of Common Stock are listed for trading or quotation on the OTC QB, any tier of the NASDAQ Stock Market, the New York Stock Exchange, NYSE American, or other applicable Trading Market

 

This Note is free from all taxes, liens, claims and encumbrances with respect to the issue thereof and shall not be subject to preemptive rights or other similar rights of shareholders of the Borrower and will not impose personal liability upon the holder thereof.

 

The following terms shall apply to this Note:

 

ARTICLE I. CONVERSION RIGHTS

 

1.1 Conversion Right. The Holder shall have the right, at any time on or after the Issue Date, to convert all or any portion of the then outstanding and unpaid Principal Amount and interest (including any Default Interest) into fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock, as such Common Stock exists on the Issue Date, or any shares of capital stock or other securities of the Borrower into which such Common Stock shall hereafter be changed or reclassified, at the Conversion Price (as defined below) determined as provided herein (a “Conversion”); provided, however, that in no event shall the Holder be entitled to convert any portion of this Note in excess of that portion of this Note upon conversion of which the sum of (1) the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its affiliates (other than shares of Common Stock which may be deemed beneficially owned through the ownership of the unconverted portion of this Note or the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other security of the Borrower subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitations contained herein) and (2) the number of Conversion Shares issuable upon the conversion of the portion of this Note with respect to which the determination of this proviso is being made, would result in beneficial ownership by the Holder and its affiliates of more than 4.99% of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock. For purposes of the proviso set forth in the immediately preceding sentence, beneficial ownership shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and Regulations 13D-G thereunder, except as otherwise provided in clause (1) of such proviso, provided, however, that the limitations on conversion may be waived by the Holder upon, at the election of the Holder, not less than 61 days’ prior notice to the Borrower, and the provisions of the conversion limitation shall continue to apply until such 61st day (or such later date, as determined by the Holder, as may be specified in such notice of waiver). The number of Conversion Shares to be issued upon each conversion of this Note shall be determined by dividing the Conversion Amount (as defined below) by the applicable Conversion Price then in effect on the date specified in the notice of conversion, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Notice of Conversion”), delivered to the Borrower by the Holder in accordance with Section 1.4 below; provided that the Notice of Conversion is submitted by facsimile or e-mail (or by other means resulting in, or reasonably expected to result in, notice) to the Borrower before 4:00 p.m., New York, New York time on such conversion date (the “Conversion Date”). The term “Conversion Amount” means, with respect to any conversion of this Note, the sum of (1) the Principal Amount of this Note to be converted in such conversion plus (2) at the Holder’s option, accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on such Principal Amount at the Interest Rate to the Conversion Date, plus (3) at the Holder’s option, Default Interest, if any, on the amounts referred to in the immediately preceding clauses (1) and/or (2).

 

1.2 Conversion Price. The per share conversion price into which Principal Amount and interest (including any Default Interest) under this Note shall be convertible into shares of Common Stock hereunder shall be equal $2.00 (the “Conversion Price”). 

 

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1.3 Authorized and Reserved Shares. The Borrower covenants that at all times until the Note is satisfied in full, the Borrower will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares, free from preemptive rights, to provide for the issuance of a number of Conversion Shares equal to the sum of (i) the number of Conversion Shares issuable upon the full conversion of this Note (assuming no payment of Principal Amount or interest) as of any issue date (taking into consideration any adjustments to the Conversion Price pursuant to Section 2 hereof or otherwise) multiplied by (ii) three (3) (the “Reserved Amount”). In the event that the Borrower shall be unable to reserve the entirety of the Reserved Amount (the “Reserve Amount Failure”), the Borrower shall promptly take all actions necessary to increase its authorized share capital to accommodate the Reserved Amount (the “Authorized Share Increase”), including without limitation, all board of directors actions and approvals and promptly (but no less than 60 days following the calling and holding a special meeting of its shareholders no more than 60 days following the Reserve Amount Failure to seek approval of the Authorized Share Increase via the solicitation of proxies. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the Reserved Amount be lower than the initial Reserved Amount, regardless of any prior conversions. The Borrower represents that upon issuance, the Conversion Shares will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. In addition, if the Borrower shall issue any securities or make any change to its capital structure which would change the number of Conversion Shares into which this Note shall be convertible at the then current Conversion Price, the Borrower shall at the same time make proper provision so that thereafter there shall be a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock authorized and reserved, free from preemptive rights, for conversion of this Note. The Borrower (i) acknowledges that it has irrevocably instructed its transfer agent to issue certificates for the Conversion Shares or instructions to have the Conversion Shares issued as contemplated by Section 1.4(f) hereof, and (ii) agrees that its issuance of this Note shall constitute full authority to its officers and agents who are charged with the duty of executing stock certificates or cause the Company to electronically issue shares of Common Stock to execute and issue the necessary certificates for the Conversion Shares or cause the Conversion Shares to be issued as contemplated by Section 1.4(f) hereof in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Note. 

 

1.4 Method of Conversion.

 

(a) Mechanics of Conversion. This Note may be converted by the Holder in whole or in part, on any Trading Day, at any time on or after the Issue Date, by submitting to the Borrower a Notice of Conversion (by facsimile, e-mail or other reasonable means of communication dispatched on the Conversion Date prior to 4:00 p.m., New York, New York time). Any Notice of Conversion submitted after 4:00 p.m., New York, New York time, shall be deemed to have been delivered and received on the next Trading Day.

 

(b) Surrender of Note Upon Conversion. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, upon conversion of this Note in accordance with the terms hereof, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Note to the Borrower unless the entire unpaid Principal Amount is so converted. The Holder and the Borrower shall maintain records showing the Principal Amount so converted and the dates of such conversions or shall use such other method, reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and the Borrower, so as not to require physical surrender of this Note upon each such conversion. In the event of any dispute or discrepancy, such records of the Borrower shall, prima facie, be controlling and determinative in the absence of manifest error. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any portion of this Note is converted as aforesaid, the Holder may not transfer this Note unless the Holder first physically surrenders this Note to the Borrower, whereupon the Borrower will forthwith issue and deliver upon the order of the Holder a new Note of like tenor, registered as the Holder (upon payment by the Holder of any applicable transfer taxes) may request, representing in the aggregate the remaining unpaid Principal Amount of this Note. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Note, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following conversion of a portion of this Note, the unpaid and unconverted Principal Amount of this Note represented by this Note may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

 

(c) Payment of Taxes. The Borrower shall not be required to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issue and delivery of shares of Common Stock or other securities or property on conversion of this Note in a name other than that of the Holder (or in street name), and the Borrower shall not be required to issue or deliver any such shares or other securities or property unless and until the person or persons (other than the Holder or the custodian in whose street name such shares are to be held for the Holder’s account) requesting the issuance thereof shall have paid to the Borrower the amount of any such tax or shall have established to the satisfaction of the Borrower that such tax has been paid.

 

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(d) Delivery of Common Stock upon Conversion. Upon receipt by the Borrower from the Holder of a facsimile transmission or e-mail (or other reasonable means of communication) of a Notice of Conversion meeting the requirements for conversion as provided in this Section 1.4, the Borrower shall issue and deliver or cause to be issued and delivered to or upon the order of the Holder certificates for the Conversion Shares (or cause the electronic delivery of the Conversion Shares as contemplated by Section 1.4(f) hereof) within one (1) Trading Day after such receipt (the “Deadline”) (and, solely in the case of conversion of the entire unpaid Principal Amount and interest (including any Default Interest) under this Note, surrender of this Note). If the Company shall fail for any reason or for no reason to issue to the Holder on or prior to the Deadline a certificate for the number of Conversion Shares or to which the Holder is entitled hereunder and register such Conversion Shares on the Company’s share register or to credit the Holder’s balance account with DTC (as defined below) for such number of Conversion Shares to which the Holder is entitled upon the Holder’s conversion of this Note (a “Conversion Failure”), then, in addition to all other remedies available to the Holder, (i) the Company shall pay in cash to the Holder on each day after the Deadline and during such Conversion Failure an amount equal to 1.0% of the product of (A) the sum of the number of Conversion Shares not issued to the Holder on or prior to the Deadline and to which the Holder is entitled and (B) the closing sale price of the Common Stock on the Trading Day immediately preceding the last possible date which the Company could have issued such Conversion Shares to the Holder without violating this Section 1.4(d); and (ii) the Holder, upon written notice to the Company, may void its Notice of Conversion with respect to, and retain or have returned, as the case may be, any portion of this Note that has not been converted pursuant to such Notice of Conversion; provided that the voiding of an Notice of Conversion shall not affect the Company’s obligations to make any payments which have accrued prior to the date of such notice. In addition to the foregoing, if on or prior to the Deadline the Company shall fail to issue and deliver a certificate to the Holder and register such Conversion Shares on the Company’s share register or credit the Holder’s balance account with DTC for the number of Conversion Shares to which the Holder is entitled upon the Holder’s exercise hereunder or pursuant to the Company’s obligation pursuant to clause (ii) below, and if on or after such Trading Day the Holder purchases (in an open market transaction or otherwise) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of shares of Common Stock issuable upon such exercise that the Holder anticipated receiving from the Company, then the Company shall, within three (3) Trading Days after the Holder’s request and in the Holder’s discretion, either (i) pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions and other reasonable and customary out-of-pocket expenses, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased (the “Buy-In Price”), at which point the Company’s obligation to deliver such certificate (and to issue such Conversion Shares) or credit such Holder’s balance account with DTC for such Conversion Shares shall terminate, or (ii) promptly honor its obligation to deliver to the Holder a certificate or certificates representing such Conversion Shares or credit such Holder’s balance account with DTC and pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the Buy-In Price over the product of (A) such number of shares of Common Stock, times (B) the closing sales price of the Common Stock on the date of exercise. Nothing shall limit the Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity, including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver certificates representing the Conversion Shares (or to electronically deliver such Conversion Shares) upon the conversion of this Note as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

(e) Obligation of Borrower to Deliver Common Stock. Upon receipt by the Borrower of a Notice of Conversion, the Holder shall be deemed to be the holder of record of the Conversion Shares issuable upon such conversion, the outstanding Principal Amount and the amount of accrued and unpaid interest (including any Default Interest) under this Note shall be reduced to reflect such conversion, and, unless the Borrower defaults on its obligations under this Article I, all rights with respect to the portion of this Note being so converted shall forthwith terminate except the right to receive the Common Stock or other securities, cash or other assets, as herein provided, on such conversion. If the Holder shall have given a Notice of Conversion as provided herein, the Borrower’s obligation to issue and deliver the certificates for the Conversion Shares (or cause the electronic delivery of the Conversion Shares as contemplated by Section 1.4(f) hereof) shall be absolute and unconditional, irrespective of the absence of any action by the Holder to enforce the same, any waiver or consent with respect to any provision thereof, the recovery of any judgment against any person or any action to enforce the same, any failure or delay in the enforcement of any other obligation of the Borrower to the holder of record, or any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, limitation or termination, or any breach or alleged breach by the Holder of any obligation to the Borrower, and irrespective of any other circumstance which might otherwise limit such obligation of the Borrower to the Holder in connection with such conversion. The Conversion Date specified in the Notice of Conversion shall be the Conversion Date so long as the Notice of Conversion is received by the Borrower before 5:00 p.m., New York, New York time, on such date.

 

(f) Delivery of Conversion Shares by Electronic Transfer. In lieu of delivering physical certificates representing the Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion hereof, provided the Borrower is participating in the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) Fast Automated Securities Transfer or Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian programs, upon request of the Holder and its compliance with the provisions contained in Section 1.1 and in this Section 1.4, the Borrower shall use its best efforts to cause its transfer agent to electronically transmit the Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion hereof to the Holder by crediting the account of Holder’s Prime Broker with DTC through its Deposit Withdrawal Agent Commission system.

 

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1.5 Concerning the Shares. The Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of this Note may not be sold or transferred unless (i) such shares are sold pursuant to an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act or (ii) the Borrower or its transfer agent shall have been furnished with an opinion of counsel (which opinion shall be the Legal Counsel Opinion (as defined in the Purchase Agreement)) to the effect that the shares to be sold or transferred may be sold or transferred pursuant to an exemption from such registration or (iii) such shares are sold or transferred pursuant to Rule 144, Rule 144A or Regulation S or (iv) such shares are transferred to an “affiliate” (as defined in Rule 144) of the Borrower who agrees to sell or otherwise transfer the shares only in accordance with this Section 1.5 and who is an Accredited Investor (as defined in the Purchase Agreement). Except as otherwise provided in the Purchase Agreement (and subject to the removal provisions set forth below), until such time as the Conversion Shares have been registered under the 1933 Act or otherwise may be sold pursuant to Rule 144, Rule 144A or Regulation S without any restriction as to the number of securities as of a particular date that can then be immediately sold, each certificate for the Conversion Shares that has not been so included in an effective registration statement or that has not been sold pursuant to an effective registration statement or an exemption that permits removal of the legend, shall bear a legend substantially in the following form, as appropriate:

 

“NEITHER THE ISSUANCE AND SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THESE SECURITIES ARE EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL (WHICH MAY BE THE LEGAL COUNSEL OPINION (AS DEFINED IN THE PURCHASE AGREEMENT)), IN A FORM ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144, RULE 144A OR REGULATION S UNDER SAID ACT. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES.”

 

The legend set forth above shall be removed and the Company shall issue to the Holder a certificate for the applicable Conversion Shares without such legend upon which it is stamped or (as requested by the Holder) issue the applicable Conversion Shares by electronic delivery by crediting the account of such holder’s broker with DTC, if, unless otherwise required by applicable state securities laws: (a) such Conversion Shares are registered for sale under an effective registration statement filed under the 1933 Act or otherwise may be sold pursuant to Rule 144, Rule 144A or Regulation S without any restriction as to the number of securities as of a particular date that can then be immediately sold, or (b) the Company or the Holder provides the Legal Counsel Opinion (as contemplated by and in accordance with Section 4(l) of the Purchase Agreement) to the effect that a public sale or transfer of such Conversion Shares may be made without registration under the 1933 Act, which opinion shall be accepted by the Company so that the sale or transfer is effected. The Company shall be responsible for the fees of its transfer agent and all DTC fees associated with any such issuance. The Holder agrees to sell all Conversion Shares, including those represented by a certificate(s) from which the legend has been removed, in compliance with applicable prospectus delivery requirements, if any. In the event that the Company neither delivers the Legal Counsel Opinion within three (3) business days nor accepts the opinion of counsel provided by the Holder with respect to the transfer of Conversion Shares pursuant to an exemption from registration, such as Rule 144, Rule 144A or Regulation S, at the Deadline, notwithstanding that the conditions of Rule 144, Rule 144A or Regulation S, as applicable, have been met, it will be considered an Event of Default under this Note.

 

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1.6 Effect of Certain Events.

 

(a) Adjustment Due to Merger, Consolidation, Etc. If, at any time when this Note is issued and outstanding and prior to conversion of all of this Note, there shall be any merger, consolidation, exchange of shares, recapitalization, reorganization, or other similar event, as a result of which shares of Common Stock of the Borrower shall be changed into the same or a different number of shares of another class or classes of stock or securities of the Borrower or another entity, or in case of any sale or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets of the Borrower other than in connection with a plan of complete liquidation of the Borrower, then the Holder of this Note shall thereafter have the right to receive upon conversion of this Note, upon the basis and upon the terms and conditions specified herein and in lieu of the shares of Common Stock immediately theretofore issuable upon conversion, such stock, securities or assets which the Holder would have been entitled to receive in such transaction had this Note been converted in full immediately prior to such transaction (without regard to any limitations on conversion set forth herein), and in any such case appropriate provisions shall be made with respect to the rights and interests of the Holder of this Note to the end that the provisions hereof (including, without limitation, provisions for adjustment of the Conversion Price and of the number of shares issuable upon conversion of the Note) shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as may be practicable in relation to any securities or assets thereafter deliverable upon the conversion hereof. The Borrower shall not effectuate any transaction described in this Section 1.6(a) unless the resulting successor or acquiring entity (if not the Borrower) assumes by written instrument the obligations of this Section 1.6(a). The above provisions shall similarly apply to successive consolidations, mergers, sales, transfers or share exchanges.

 

(b) Adjustment Due to Distribution. If the Borrower shall declare or make any distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Common Stock as a dividend, stock repurchase, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including any dividend or distribution to the Borrower’s shareholders in cash or shares (or rights to acquire shares) of capital stock of a subsidiary (i.e., a spin-off)) (a “Distribution”), then the Holder of this Note shall be entitled, upon any conversion of this Note after the date of record for determining shareholders entitled to such Distribution, to receive the amount of such assets which would have been payable to the Holder with respect to the shares of Common Stock issuable upon such conversion had such Holder been the holder of such shares of Common Stock on the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to such Distribution.

 

(c) Purchase Rights. If, at any time when all or any portion of this Note is issued and outstanding, the Borrower issues any convertible securities or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property (the “Purchase Rights”) pro rata to the record holders of any class of Common Stock, then the Holder of this Note will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which such Holder could have acquired if such Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete conversion of this Note (without regard to any limitations on conversion contained herein) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights.

 

(d) Notice of Adjustments. Upon the occurrence of each adjustment or readjustment of the Conversion Price as a result of the events described in this Section 1.6, the Borrower, at its expense, shall promptly compute such adjustment or readjustment and prepare and furnish to the Holder a certificate setting forth such adjustment or readjustment and showing in detail the facts upon which such adjustment or readjustment is based. The Borrower shall, upon the written request at any time of the Holder, furnish to such Holder a like certificate setting forth (i) such adjustment or readjustment, (ii) the Conversion Price at the time in effect and (iii) the number of shares of Common Stock and the amount, if any, of other securities or property which at the time would be received upon conversion of the Note.

 

1.7 Compliance with Principal Market Rules.  Notwithstanding anything in this Note to the contrary, and in addition to the beneficial ownership limitations provided herein, the total number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under this Note, shall be limited to 19.99% of the Borrower’s outstanding shares of Common Stock as of the date hereof (the “Exchange Cap”), unless (i) stockholder approval is obtained to issue more than the Exchange Cap or (ii) the Common Stock is not listed for quotation on the NYSE American. The Exchange Cap shall be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction. Unless the Borrower has previously obtained the stockholder approval to issue more than the Exchange Cap, the Borrower shall file a proxy statement with the SEC within ninety (90) days of receipt of notice of any Event of Default from the Holder to obtain stockholder approval to issue more than 19.99% of its outstanding shares of Common Stock hereunder.

 

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1.8 Status as Shareholder. Upon submission of a Notice of Conversion by a Holder, (i) the Conversion Shares covered thereby (other than the Conversion Shares, if any, which cannot be issued because their issuance would exceed such Holder’s allocated portion of the Reserved Amount or Maximum Share Amount) shall be deemed converted into shares of Common Stock and (ii) the Holder’s rights as a Holder of such converted portion of this Note shall cease and terminate, excepting only the right to receive certificates for such shares of Common Stock and to any remedies provided herein or otherwise available at law or in equity to such Holder because of a failure by the Borrower to comply with the terms of this Note. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a Holder has not received certificates for all shares of Common Stock prior to the tenth (10th) business day after the expiration of the Deadline with respect to a conversion of any portion of this Note for any reason, then (unless the Holder otherwise elects to retain its status as a holder of Common Stock by so notifying the Borrower) the Holder shall regain the rights of a Holder of this Note with respect to such unconverted portions of this Note and the Borrower shall, as soon as practicable, return such unconverted Note to the Holder or, if the Note has not been surrendered, adjust its records to reflect that such portion of this Note has not been converted. In all cases, the Holder shall retain all of its rights and remedies for the Borrower’s failure to convert this Note.

 

1.9 Repayment from Proceeds. While any portion of the outstanding Principal Amount and interest (including Default Interest) under this Note are due and owing, if the Company receives cash proceeds from the issuance of equity or debt in the aggregate amount of $5,000,000.00 in net proceeds or more from a single transaction (or a series of related transactions in any six (6) month period for which the Borrower has obtained approval from its shareholders to consummate), the Borrower shall, within one (1) business day of Borrower’s receipt of such proceeds, inform the Holder of such receipt, following which the Holder shall have the right in its sole discretion to require the Borrower to immediately apply up to 20% of such net proceeds to repay all or any portion of the outstanding Principal Amount and interest (including any Default Interest) then due under this Note. Failure of the Borrower to comply with this provision shall constitute an Event of Default. In the event that such proceeds are received by the Holder prior to the Maturity Date, the required prepayment shall be subject to the terms of Section 1.9 herein. 

 

ARTICLE II. RANKING AND CERTAIN COVENANTS

 

2.1 Ranking and Security. The obligations of the Borrower under this Note shall rank senior or, if necessary, pari passu with respect to any and all Indebtedness incurred as of or following the Issue Date. 

 

2.2 Other Indebtedness. So long as the Borrower shall have any obligation under this Note, the Borrower shall not (directly or indirectly through any Subsidiary or affiliate) incur or suffer to exist or guarantee any Indebtedness incurred as of or following the Issue Date that is senior to (in priority of payment and performance) the Borrower’s obligations hereunder. As used herein, the term “Indebtedness” means (a) all indebtedness of the Borrower for borrowed money or for the deferred purchase price of property or services, including any type of letters of credit, but not including deferred purchase price obligations in place as of the Issue Date and as disclosed in the SEC Documents or obligations to trade creditors incurred in the ordinary course of business, (b) all obligations of the Borrower evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or other similar instruments, (c) purchase money indebtedness hereafter incurred by the Borrower to finance the purchase of fixed or capital assets, including all capital lease obligations of the Borrower which do not exceed the purchase price of the assets funded, (d) all guarantee obligations of the Borrower in respect of obligations of the kind referred to in clauses (a) through (c) above that the Borrower would not be permitted to incur or enter into, and (e) all obligations of the kind referred to in clauses (a) through (d) above that the Borrower is not permitted to incur or enter into that are secured and/or unsecured by (or for which the holder of such obligation has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured and/or unsecured by) any lien or encumbrance on property (including accounts and contract rights) owned by the Borrower, whether or not the Borrower has assumed or become liable for the payment of such obligation. 

 

2.3 Distributions on Capital Stock. So long as the Borrower shall have any obligation under this Note, the Borrower shall not without the Holder’s written consent pay, declare or set apart for such payment, any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, property or other securities) on shares of capital stock other than dividends on shares of Common Stock solely in the form of additional shares of Common Stock.

 

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2.4 Preservation of Business and Existence, etc. So long as the Borrower shall have any obligation under this Note, the Borrower shall maintain and preserve, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to maintain and preserve, its existence, rights and privileges, and become or remain, and cause each of its Subsidiaries (other than dormant Subsidiaries that have no or minimum assets) to become or remain, duly qualified and in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the character of the properties owned or leased by it or in which the transaction of its business makes such qualification necessary. Furthermore, so long as the Borrower shall have any obligation under this Note, the Borrower shall not, without the Holder’s written consent, solicit any offers for, respond to any unsolicited offers for, or conduct any negotiations with, any other person or entity with respect to any Variable Rate Transaction or investment.

 

2.5 Noncircumvention. The Company hereby covenants and agrees that the Company will not, by amendment of its Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws, or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, scheme of arrangement, dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Note, and will at all times in good faith carry out all the provisions of this Note and take all action as may be required to protect the rights of the Holder. 

 

2.6 Lost, Stolen or Mutilated Note. Upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Note, and, in the case of loss, theft or destruction, of any indemnification undertaking by the Holder to the Company in customary form and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of this Note, the Company shall execute and deliver to the Holder a new Note.

 

2.9 Section 3(a)(9) or 3(a)(10) Transaction. So long as this Note is outstanding, the Borrower shall not enter into any transaction or arrangement structured in accordance with, based upon, or related or pursuant to, in whole or in part, either Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act (a “3(a)(9) Transaction”) or Section 3(a)(l0) of the Securities Act (a “3(a)(l0) Transaction”). In the event that the Borrower does enter into, or makes any issuance of Common Stock related to a 3(a)(9) Transaction or a 3(a)(l0) Transaction while this note is outstanding, a liquidated damages charge of 25% of the outstanding principal balance of this Note, but not less than Fifteen Thousand Dollars $15,000, will be assessed and will become immediately due and payable to the Holder at its election in the form of cash payment or addition to the balance of this Note.

 

ARTICLE III. EVENTS OF DEFAULT

 

It shall be considered an event of default if any of the following events listed in this Article III (each, an “Event of Default”) shall occur; provided, however, that, except in the case of the Events of Default listed in Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.5, 3.7, 3.9, 3.10, 3.17 or 3.18 below, the Borrower shall have thirty (30) days (and, in the case of Section 3.13, ninety (90) days) to cure such Event of Default unless a lesser number of days is required pursuant to the provisions of this Article III:

 

3.1 Failure to Pay Principal or Interest. The Borrower fails to pay the Principal Amount hereof or interest thereon when due on this Note, whether at maturity, upon acceleration or otherwise, or fails to fully comply with Section 1.10 of this Note. 

 

3.2 Conversion and the Shares. The Borrower (i) fails to issue Conversion Shares to the Holder (or announces or threatens in writing that it will not honor its obligation to do so) upon exercise by the Holder of the conversion rights of the Holder in accordance with the terms of this Note, (ii) fails to transfer or cause its transfer agent to transfer (issue) (electronically or in certificated form) any certificate for the Conversion Shares issuable to the Holder upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to this Note as and when required by this Note, (iii) reserve the Reserved Amount at all times, or (iii) the Borrower directs its transfer agent not to transfer or delays, impairs, and/or hinders its transfer agent in transferring (or issuing) (electronically or in certificated form) any certificate for the Conversion Shares issuable to the Holder upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to this Note as and when required by this Note, or fails to remove (or directs its transfer agent not to remove or impairs, delays, and/or hinders its transfer agent from removing) any restrictive legend (or to withdraw any stop transfer instructions in respect thereof) on any certificate for any Conversion Shares issued to the Holder upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to this Note as and when required by this Note (or makes any written announcement, statement or threat that it does not intend to honor the obligations described in this paragraph) and any such failure shall continue uncured (or any written announcement, statement or threat not to honor its obligations shall not be rescinded in writing) for three (3) business days after the Holder shall have delivered a Notice of Conversion. It is an obligation of the Borrower to remain current in its obligations to its transfer agent. It shall be an Event of Default of this Note, if a conversion of this Note is delayed, hindered or frustrated due to a balance owed by the Borrower to its transfer agent. If at the option of the Holder, the Holder advances any funds to the Borrower’s transfer agent in order to process a conversion, such advanced funds shall be paid by the Borrower to the Holder within forty eight (48) hours of a demand from the Holder.

 

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3.3 Breach of Agreements and Covenants. The Borrower breaches any material agreement, covenant or other material term or condition contained in the Purchase Agreement, this Note, the Warrant described in the Purchase Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions or in any agreement, statement or certificate given in writing pursuant hereto or in connection herewith or therewith.

 

3.4 Breach of Representations and Warranties. Any representation or warranty of the Borrower made in the Purchase Agreement, this Note, the Warrant described in the Purchase Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions or in any agreement, statement or certificate given in writing pursuant hereto or in connection herewith or therewith shall be false or misleading in any material respect when made and the breach of which has (or with the passage of time will have) a material adverse effect on the rights of the Holder with respect to this Note or the Purchase Agreement.

 

3.5 Receiver or Trustee. The Borrower or any subsidiary of the Borrower shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or apply for or consent to the appointment of a receiver or trustee for it or for a substantial part of its property or business, or such a receiver or trustee shall otherwise be appointed.

 

3.6 Judgments. Any money judgment, writ or similar process shall be entered or filed against the Borrower or any subsidiary of the Borrower or any of its property or other assets for more than $50,000, and shall remain unvacated, unbonded or unstayed for a period of twenty (20) days unless otherwise consented to by the Holder, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld.

 

3.7 Bankruptcy. Bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or liquidation proceedings or other proceedings, voluntary or involuntary, for relief under any bankruptcy law or any law for the relief of debtors shall be instituted by or against the Borrower or any subsidiary of the Borrower.

 

3.8 Delisting of Common Stock. The Borrower shall fail to maintain the listing of the Common Stock on at least one of the Over the Counter Bulletin Board, the OTCQB, any level of the OTC Markets, or any level of the Nasdaq Stock Market or the New York Stock Exchange (including the NYSE American).

 

3.9 Failure to Comply with the 1934 Act. At any time after the Issue Date, the Borrower shall fail to comply with the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act such that the Borrower is delinquent in its reporting requirements thereunder and/or the Borrower shall cease to be subject to the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act. 

 

3.10 Liquidation. Any dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of Borrower or any substantial portion of its business.

 

3.11 Cessation of Operations. Any cessation of operations by Borrower or Borrower admits it is otherwise generally unable to pay its debts as such debts become due, provided, however, that any disclosure of the Borrower’s ability to continue as a “going concern” shall not be an admission that the Borrower cannot pay its debts as they become due.

 

3.12 Maintenance of Assets. The failure by Borrower to maintain any material intellectual property rights, personal, real property or other assets which are necessary to conduct its business (whether now or in the future).

 

9

 

 

3.13 Financial Statement Restatement. The restatement of any financial statements filed by the Borrower with the SEC for any date or period from two years prior to the Issue Date of this Note and until this Note is no longer outstanding, if the result of such restatement would, by comparison to the unrestated financial statement, have constituted a Material Adverse Effect on the rights of the Holder with respect to this Note or the Purchase Agreement, or (ii) the failure by Borrower to pay $15,000.00 in cash to Holder within three (3) business days of the Borrower’s notification to the public that the Borrower will need to restate any of the financial statements encompassed by this Section 3.13.

 

3.14 Replacement of Transfer Agent. In the event that the Borrower proposes to replace its transfer agent, the Borrower fails to provide, prior to the effective date of such replacement, a fully executed Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions in a form as initially delivered pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (including but not limited to the provision to irrevocably reserve shares of Common Stock in the Reserved Amount) signed by the successor transfer agent to Borrower and the Borrower.

 

3.15 DTC “Chill”. The DTC places a “chill” (i.e. a restriction placed by DTC on one or more of DTC’s services, such as limiting a DTC participant’s ability to make a deposit or withdrawal of the security at DTC) on any of the Borrower’s securities.

 

3.16. DWAC Eligibility. In addition to the Event of Default in Section 3.16, the Common Stock is otherwise not eligible for trading through the DTC’s Fast Automated Securities Transfer or Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian programs.

 

3.17 Intentionally Omitted.

 

3.18 Shareholder Approval. The Company fails to file a proxy statement to obtain shareholder approval within ninety (90) calendar days after becoming aware that such approval is required by Section 713 of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide, from the holders of at least a majority of all outstanding shares of common stock (including the votes of any other class of capital stock that votes with the common stock) of the Company, with respect to the entirety of the transactions encompassed by the Note, Warrant, and Purchase Agreement (including but not limited to the Company’s issuance of more than 19.99% of the Company’s common stock to the Holder).

 

3.19 Rights and Remedies upon an Event of Default. Subject to applicable cure periods specifically provided for herein, upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default specified in this Article III, exercisable through the delivery of written notice to the Borrower by the Holder (the “Default Notice”) (provided, however, that no Default Notice need be provided by the Holder and no notice and no cure period shall apply in the case of the Events of Default specified in Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.5, 3.7, 3.9, 3.10, 3.17, or 3.18 above), this Note shall become immediately due and payable and the Borrower shall pay to the Holder, in full satisfaction of its obligations hereunder, an amount (the “Default Amount”) equal to the Principal Amount then outstanding plus accrued interest (including any Default Interest) through the date of full repayment multiplied by 125%. Holder may, in its sole discretion, determine to accept payment part in Common Stock and part in cash. For purposes of payments in Common Stock, the conversion formula set forth in Section 1.2 shall apply. Upon an uncured Event of Default, all amounts payable hereunder shall immediately become due and payable, all without demand, presentment or notice, all of which hereby are expressly waived by the Borrower, together with all costs, including, without limitation, legal fees and expenses, of collection, and the Holder shall be entitled to exercise all other rights and remedies available at law or in equity.

 

ARTICLE IV. MISCELLANEOUS

 

4.1 Failure or Indulgence Not Waiver. No failure or delay on the part of the Holder in the exercise of any power, right or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right or privilege preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right, power or privileges. All rights and remedies of the Holder existing hereunder are cumulative to, and not exclusive of, any rights or remedies otherwise available.

 

10

 

 

4.2 Notices. All notices, demands, requests, consents, approvals, and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and, unless otherwise specified herein, shall be (i) personally served, (ii) deposited in the mail, registered or certified, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, (iii) delivered by reputable air courier service with charges prepaid, or (iv) transmitted by hand delivery, telegram, e-mail or facsimile, addressed as set forth below or to such other address as such party shall have specified most recently by written notice. Any notice or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be deemed effective (a) upon hand delivery or delivery by e-mail or facsimile, with accurate confirmation generated by the transmitting facsimile machine, at the address or number designated below (if delivered on a business day during normal business hours where such notice is to be received), or the first business day following such delivery (if delivered other than on a business day during normal business hours where such notice is to be received) or (b) on the second business day following the date of mailing by express courier service, fully prepaid, addressed to such address, or upon actual receipt of such mailing, whichever shall first occur. The addresses for such communications shall be as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

 

4.3 Amendments. This Note and any provision hereof may only be amended by an instrument in writing signed by the Borrower and the Holder. The term “Note” and all reference thereto, as used throughout this instrument, shall mean this instrument as originally executed, or if later amended or supplemented, then as so amended or supplemented.

 

4.4 Assignability. This Note shall be binding upon the Borrower and its successors and assigns, and shall inure to be the benefit of the Holder and its successors and assigns. Each transferee of this Note must be an “Accredited Investor” (as defined in the Purchase Agreement). Notwithstanding anything in this Note to the contrary, this Note may be pledged as collateral by Holder in connection with a bona fide margin account or other lending arrangement.

 

4.5 Cost of Collection. If default is made in the payment of this Note, the Borrower shall pay the Holder hereof costs of collection, including reasonable attorneys’ fees.

 

4.6 Governing Law; Venue; Attorney’s Fees. This Note shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Nevada without regard to principles of conflicts of laws. Any action brought by either party against the other concerning the transactions contemplated by this Note or any other agreement, certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby shall be brought only in the state courts of New York or in the federal courts located in the state and county of New York. The Borrower hereby irrevocably waives any objection to jurisdiction and venue of any action instituted hereunder and shall not assert any defense based on lack of jurisdiction or venue or based upon forum non conveniens. THE BORROWER HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS NOTE OR ANY TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any suit, action or proceeding in connection with this Note or any other agreement, certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Note and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. The prevailing party in any action or dispute brought in connection with this the Note or any other agreement, certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby shall be entitled to recover from the other party its reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.

 

4.7 Certain Amounts. Whenever pursuant to this Note the Borrower is required to pay an amount in excess of the outstanding Principal Amount (or the portion thereof required to be paid at that time) plus accrued and unpaid interest plus Default Interest on such interest, the Borrower and the Holder agree that the actual damages to the Holder from the receipt of cash payment on this Note may be difficult to determine and the amount to be so paid by the Borrower represents stipulated damages and not a penalty and is intended to compensate the Holder in part for loss of the opportunity to convert this Note and to earn a return from the sale of shares of Common Stock acquired upon conversion of this Note at a price in excess of the price paid for such shares pursuant to this Note. The Borrower and the Holder hereby agree that such amount of stipulated damages is not plainly disproportionate to the possible loss to the Holder from the receipt of a cash payment without the opportunity to convert this Note into shares of Common Stock.

 

11

 

 

4.8 Purchase Agreement. The Company and the Holder shall be bound by the applicable terms of the Purchase Agreement and the documents entered into in connection herewith and therewith.

 

4.9 Notice of Corporate Events. Except as otherwise provided below, the Holder of this Note shall have no rights as a Holder of Common Stock unless and only to the extent that it converts this Note into Common Stock. 

 

4.10 Remedies. The Borrower acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Holder, by vitiating the intent and purpose of the transaction contemplated hereby. Accordingly, the Borrower acknowledges that the remedy at law for a breach of its obligations under this Note will be inadequate and agrees, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Borrower of the provisions of this Note, that the Holder shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies at law or in equity, and in addition to the penalties assessable herein, to an injunction or injunctions restraining, preventing or curing any breach of this Note and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions thereof, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required.

 

4.11 Construction; Headings. This Note shall be deemed to be jointly drafted by the Company and the Holder and shall not be construed against any person as the drafter hereof. The headings of this Note are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Note.

 

4.12 Usury.  To the extent it may lawfully do so, the Company hereby agrees not to insist upon or plead or in any manner whatsoever claim, and will resist any and all efforts to be compelled to take the benefit or advantage of, usury laws wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, in connection with any action or proceeding that may be brought by the Holder in order to enforce any right or remedy under this Note.  Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in this Note, it is expressly agreed and provided that the total liability of the Company under this Note for payments which under New York law are in the nature of interest shall not exceed the maximum lawful rate authorized under applicable law (the “Maximum Rate”), and, without limiting the foregoing, in no event shall any rate of interest or default interest, or both of them, when aggregated with any other sums which under New York law in the nature of interest that the Company may be obligated to pay under this Note exceed such Maximum Rate.  It is agreed that if the maximum contract rate of interest allowed by New York law and applicable to this Note is increased or decreased by statute or any official governmental action subsequent to the Issue Date, the new maximum contract rate of interest allowed by law will be the Maximum Rate applicable to this Note from the effective date thereof forward, unless such application is precluded by applicable law.  If under any circumstances whatsoever, interest in excess of the Maximum Rate is paid by the Company to the Holder with respect to indebtedness evidenced by this the Note, such excess shall be applied by the Holder to the unpaid principal balance of any such indebtedness or be refunded to the Company, the manner of handling such excess to be at the Holder’s election.

 

4.13 Severability.  In the event that any provision of this Note is invalid or unenforceable under any applicable statute or rule of law (including any judicial ruling), then such provision shall be deemed inoperative to the extent that it may conflict therewith and shall be deemed modified to conform with such statute or rule of law. Any such provision which may prove invalid or unenforceable under any law shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Note.

 

 

[signature page follows]

 

12

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Borrower has caused this Note to be signed in its name by its duly authorized officer on January 23, 2018.

 

DPW HOLDINGS, INC.

 

 

	
			By:

				
			/s/ Milton C. Ault III

				
			 

			
	
			 

				
			Name: Milton C. Ault III

				
			 

			
	
			 

				
			Title:  Chief Executive Officer

				
			 

			

 

13

 

 

EXHIBIT A -- NOTICE OF CONVERSION

 

The undersigned hereby elects to convert $______________ principal amount of the Note (defined below) into that number of shares of Class A Common Stock to be issued pursuant to the conversion of the Note (“Common Stock”) as set forth below, of DPW HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), according to the conditions of the Senior Convertible Promissory Note of the Borrower dated as of January 23, 2018 (the “Note”), as of the date written below. No fee will be charged to the Holder for any conversion, except for transfer taxes, if any.

 

Box Checked as to applicable instructions:

 

	
			☐

				 	
			The Borrower shall electronically transmit the Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Notice of Conversion to the account of the undersigned or its nominee with DTC through its Deposit Withdrawal Agent Commission system (“DWAC Transfer”).

			
	
			 

				
			 

				
			 

			
	
			 

				
			 

				
			Name of DTC Prime Broker:

			
	
			 

				
			 

				
			Account Number:

			

 

	
			☐

				 	
			The undersigned hereby requests that the Borrower issue a certificate or certificates for the number of shares of Common Stock set forth below (which numbers are based on the Holder’s calculation attached hereto) in the name(s) specified immediately below or, if additional space is necessary, on an attachment hereto:

			
	
			 

				
			 

				
			 

			
	
			 

				
			 

				
			[Name of Buyer]

			

 

	
			 

				
			 

				
			Date of Conversion:

				 	
			                                   

			
	
			 

				
			 

				
			Applicable Conversion Price:

				$	
			 

			
	
			 

				
			 

				
			Costs Incurred by the Undersigned to Convert the Note into Shares of Common Stock:

				$	
			                                   

			
	
			 

				
			 

				
			Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Issued Pursuant to Conversion of the Note:

				 	
			                                   

			
	
			 

				
			 

				
			Amount of Principal Balance Due remaining Under the Note after this conversion:

				 	
			                                   

			
	
			 

				
			 

				
			 

				 	
			 

			

	
			 

				
			By:

				                                             	
			 

			
	
			 

				
			Name:

				 	 
	
			 

				
			Title:

				 	
			 

			
	
			 

				
			Date:

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