Document:

exv4w2

 

Exhibit 4.2

Collegiate Pacific Inc. Stock Option Plan

 

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

1998 COLLEGIATE PACIFIC INC.

STOCK OPTION PLAN

1. PURPOSE

     The purpose of the 1998 Collegiate Pacific Inc. Stock Option Plan
(hereinafter called the “Plan”) is to advance the interests of Collegiate
Pacific Inc. (hereinafter called the “Company”) by strengthening the ability of
the Company to attract and retain key personnel of high caliber through
encouraging a sense of proprietorship by means of stock ownership.

     Certain options granted under this Plan are intended to qualify as
“incentive stock options” pursuant to Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986 (the “Code”), while certain other options granted under the Plan will
constitute nonqualified options.

2. DEFINITIONS

     As used in this Plan, and in any Option Agreement, as hereinafter defined,
the following terms shall have the following meanings, unless the context
otherwise requires:

     (a) “Common Stock” shall mean the Common Stock of the Company, par value
$.01 per share.

     (b) “Date of Grant” shall mean the date on which a stock option is granted
pursuant to this Plan.

     (c) “Non-Employee Director” shall mean an individual who is a “non-employee
director” within the meaning set forth therefor in Rule 16b-3 under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and also an
“outside director” within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section
1.162-27(e)(3).

     (d) “Fair Market Value” shall mean the closing sale price (or average of
the quoted closing bid and asked prices if there is no closing sale price
reported) of the Common Stock on the date specified as reported by NASDAQ or by
the principal national stock exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed.
If there is no reported price information for such date, the Fair Market Value
will be determined by the reported price information for Common Stock on the
day nearest preceding such date.

     (e) “Optionee” shall mean the person to whom an option is granted under
the Plan or who has obtained the right to exercise an option in accordance with
the provisions of the Plan.

     (f) “Subsidiary” shall mean any now existing or hereinafter organized or
acquired corporation of which more than fifty percent (50%) of the issued and
outstanding voting stock is owned or controlled directly or indirectly by the
Company or through one or more Subsidiaries of the Company.

3. SHARES SUBJECT TO THE PLAN

     Subject to the provisions of Section 9 of this Plan, the aggregate amount
of Common Stock for which options may be granted under this Plan shall not
exceed 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock. The number of shares of Common Stock
subject to awards granted to any individual Optionee from November 2, 1998 to
November 2, 2008 shall not exceed the number set forth in the immediately
preceding

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sentence, as it may be amended from time to time. Such shares may be
authorized and previously unissued shares or previously issued shares that have
been reacquired by the Company. Any shares subject to unexercised portions of
options granted under this Plan which shall have terminated, been canceled, or
expired may again be subject to options under this Plan, but shall not increase
the number of options that may be granted to an individual Optionee pursuant to
the second sentence of this Section 3.

4. ADMINISTRATION

     (a) The Plan shall be administered by the Board of Directors or, at the
option of the Board of Directors, a committee of two or more Non-Employee
Directors appointed by the Board of Directors of the Company (the group
responsible for administering the Plan is referred to herein as the
“Committee”). Options may be granted under this Section 4(a) only (i) by the
unanimous agreement of the members of the Committee; (ii) by resolution of the
Board of Directors, duly adopted; or (iii) in compliance with Section 14 of the
Exchange Act, by affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders of the
Company, present or represented, and duly entitled to vote on such matters at
meetings held in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, either in
advance of the grant or no later than the next annual meeting of shareholders.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, options may be granted to “covered employees”
(as defined in Section 162(m)(3) of the Code) solely by the Committee. The
Committee may create a subcommittee for purposes of making grants to officers
and directors if the Committee would otherwise not qualify for making such
grants under Rule 16b-3 or Section 162(m) of the I.R.C. References herein to
the “Committee” shall include any such subcommittee. Stock option agreements
(“Option Agreements”), in the forms as approved by the Committee, and
containing such terms and conditions not inconsistent with the provisions of
this Plan as shall have been determined by the Committee, may be executed on
behalf of the Company by the Chairman of the Board, the President or any Vice
President of the Company. Except with respect to Section 4(b) of this Plan, the
Committee shall have complete authority to construe, interpret and administer
the provisions of the Plan and the provisions of the Option Agreements granted
hereunder; to prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations pertaining to
the Plan; and to make all other determinations necessary or deemed advisable in
the administration of the Plan. The determinations, interpretations and
constructions made by the Committee shall be final and conclusive.

     (b) Members of the Committee shall be specified by the Board of Directors,
and shall consist solely of Non-Employee Directors. On the date Non-Employee
Directors are specified as Committee members by the Board of Directors and on
each subsequent anniversary of such date that a Non-Employee Director serves as
a Committee member, such Non-Employee Director shall automatically be granted
nonqualified options to purchase 2,500 shares of Common Stock. The purchase
price or prices for Common Stock subject to an option granted under this
Section 4(b) shall be 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the
Date of Grant.

5. ELIGIBILITY

     (a) Incentive stock options to purchase Common Stock may be granted under
Section 4(a) of the Plan to such key employees of the Company or its
Subsidiaries (including any director who is also a key employee of the Company
or one of its Subsidiaries) as shall be determined by the Committee.
Nonqualified stock options to purchase Common Stock may be granted under
Section 4(a) of the Plan to such key employees, directors or consultants of the
Company or its Subsidiaries as shall be determined by the Committee.
Nonqualified stock options may be granted to a Non-Employee Director under
Section 4(a) in addition to the nonqualified options granted under Section
4(b). Which persons are to be granted options under Section 4(a) of the Plan,
the number of options, the number of shares subject to each option, the
exercise price or prices of each option, the vesting and exercise period of
each option, whether an option may be exercised as to less than all of the
Common Stock subject thereto, and such other terms

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and conditions of each option, if any, as are not inconsistent with the
provisions of this Plan shall be determined on the Date of Grant and specified
in an Option Agreement in accordance with Section 4(a) of this Plan.

     (b) Notwithstanding any provision of this Plan to the contrary, unless the
shareholders of the Company approve the Plan at the December 11, 1998
shareholders’ meeting: (a) no option may be granted to a “covered employee”
(within the meaning of Section 162(m)(3) of the Code) on or after December 11,
1998, (b) no option granted on or after December 11, 1998 may be exercised
during any year in which the Optionee is a “covered employee,” and (c) no
option granted under the Plan shall be an incentive stock option.

     (c) The Committee may, in its sole discretion, provide in an Option
Agreement for vesting of stock options to accelerate upon a change in control
of the Company and enable an employee to “put” the excess of the fair market
value over the exercise price of the options to the Company in the event of a
change in control. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the
acceleration of any Option hereunder upon a change of control of the Company
occur to the extent an “excess parachute payment” (as defined in Section 280G
of the Code) would result. In the event that the Committee determines that such
an excess parachute payment would result if acceleration occurred (when added
to any other payments or benefits contingent on a change of control under any
other agreements, arrangements or plans) then the number of shares as to which
exercisability is accelerated shall be reduced so that total parachute payments
do not exceed 299% of the Optionee’s “base amount,” as defined in Section
280G(b)(3) of the Code.

     (d) In connection with the granting of incentive stock options, the
aggregate Fair Market Value (determined at the Date of Grant of an incentive
stock option) of the shares with respect to which incentive stock options are
exercisable for the first time by an Optionee during any calendar year (under
all such plans of the Optionee’s employer corporation and its parent and
subsidiary corporations as defined in Section 424 of the Code) shall not exceed
$100,000 or such other amount as from time to time provided in Section 422(d)
of the Code or any successor provision. In the event that the Optionee’s total
Qualified Options exceed the $100,000 limit in any calendar year (whether due
to acceleration of exercisability, miscalculation, error or otherwise) the
amount of Qualified Options that exceed such limit shall be treated as
Nonqualified Options. The Qualified Options granted earliest (whether under
this Plan or any other agreement or plan) shall be applied first to the
$100,000 limit. In the event that only a portion of the Qualified Options
granted at the same time can be applied to the $100,000 limit, the Corporation
shall issue separate share certificates for such number of shares as does not
exceed the $100,000 limit, and shall designate such shares as Qualified Option
stock in its share transfer records. An Option Agreement may contain such
additional provisions with respect to vesting as the Committee may specify.

6. EXERCISE PRICE

     The purchase price or prices for Common Stock subject to an option (the
“Exercise Price”) granted pursuant to Section 4(a) of the Plan shall be
determined at the Date of Grant; provided, however, that (a) the Exercise Price
for any option shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the
Common Stock at the Date of Grant, and (b) if the Optionee owns more than 10
percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the
Company or its parent or any of its subsidiaries, as more fully described in
Section 422(b)(6) of the Code or any successor provision (such stockholder is
referred to herein as a “10-Percent Stockholder”), the Exercise Price for any
incentive stock option granted to such Optionee shall not be less than 110% of
the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock at the Date of Grant.

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7. TERM OF STOCK OPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS ON RIGHT TO EXERCISE

     No incentive stock option granted pursuant to Section 4(a) of this Plan
shall be exercisable (a) more than five years after the Date of Grant with
respect to a 10-Percent Stockholder, and (b) more than ten years after the Date
of Grant with respect to all persons other than 10-Percent Stockholders. No
nonqualified stock option granted pursuant to Section 4(a) of this Plan shall
be exercisable more than ten years after the Date of Grant. Nonqualified stock
options granted to members of the Committee pursuant to Section 4(b) of this
Plan shall be exercisable for ten years, except that in the event of death or
termination of such member as a director of the Company or a Subsidiary, such
nonqualified stock options shall only be exercisable for one year following the
date of such member’s death or termination (or if shorter, the remaining term
of the option). The Company shall not be required to issue any fractional
shares upon the exercise of any options granted under this Plan. No Optionee
nor his legal representatives, legatees or distributees, as the case may be,
will be, or will be deemed to be, a holder of any shares subject to an option
unless and until said option has been exercised and the purchase price of the
shares in respect of which the option has been exercised has been paid. An
option shall not be exercisable except by the Optionee (including transferees
pursuant to Subsection 11(b) below) or by a person who has obtained the
Optionee’s rights under the option by will or under the laws of descent and
distribution.

8. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT

     The conditions that shall apply to the exercise of an option granted under
Section 4(a) in the event an Optionee shall cease to be employed by the Company
or a Subsidiary for any reason shall be determined at the Date of Grant and
shall be set forth in an Option Agreement. In the event of the death of an
Optionee while in the employ or while serving as a director of the Company or a
Subsidiary, the option theretofore granted to him shall be exercisable by the
executor or administrator of the Optionee’s estate, or if the Optionee’s estate
is not in administration, by the person or persons to whom the Optionee’s right
shall have passed under the Optionee’s will or under the laws of descent and
distribution, within the year next succeeding the date of death or such other
period as may be specified in the Option Agreement, but in no case later than
the expiration date of such option, and then only to the extent that the
Optionee was entitled to exercise such option at the date of his death. Neither
this Plan nor any option granted hereunder is intended to confer upon any
Optionee any rights with respect to continuance of employment or other
utilization of his services by the Company or by a Subsidiary, nor to interfere
in any way with his right or that of his employer to terminate his employment
or other services at any time (subject to the terms of any applicable
contract).

9. DILUTION OR OTHER ADJUSTMENTS

     In the event that there is any change in the Common Stock subject to this
Plan or subject to options granted hereunder as the result of any stock
dividend on, dividend of or stock split or stock combination of, or any like
change in, stock of the same class or in the event of any change in the capital
structure of the Company, the Board of Directors or the Committee shall make
such adjustments with respect to options, or any provisions of the Plan, as it
deems appropriate to prevent dilution or enlargement of option rights.

10. EXPIRATION AND TERMINATION OF THE PLAN

     Options may be granted at any time under Section 4(a) of the Plan and as
specified under Section 4(b) of the Plan prior to November 2, 2008, as long as
the total number of shares which may be issued pursuant to options granted
under this Plan does not (except as provided in Section 9 above) exceed the

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limitations of Section 3 above. This Plan may be abandoned, suspended or
terminated at any time by the Board of Directors of the Company except with
respect to any options then outstanding under the Plan.

11. RESTRICTIONS ON ISSUANCE OF SHARES

     (a) The Company shall not be obligated to sell or issue any shares upon
the exercise of any option granted under this Plan unless:

				
	 	(i)	 	The shares with respect to which such option is being exercised
have been registered under applicable federal securities laws or are
exempt from such registration;

	 	(ii)	 	The prior approval of such sale or issuance has been obtained
from any state regulatory body having jurisdiction; and
	 	(iii)	 	In the event the Common Stock has been listed on any
exchange, the shares with respect to which such option is being exercised
have been duly listed on such exchange in accordance with the procedure

If the shares to be issued upon the exercise of any option granted under the
Plan are intended to be issued by the Company in reliance upon the exemptions
from the registration requirements of applicable federal securities laws, the
Optionee, if so requested by the Company, shall furnish to the Company such
evidence and representations, including an opinion of counsel, satisfactory to
it, as the Company may reasonably request.

     (b) All or a portion of the nonqualified options to be granted to an
Optionee may, in the discretion of the Committee (or the Board of Directors, as
the case may be), be on terms which permit transfer by such Optionee to (i) the
spouse, children or grandchildren of the Optionee (“Immediate Family Members”),
(ii) a trust or trusts for the exclusive benefit of such Immediate Family
Members, or (iii) a partnership or other entity in which such Immediate Family
Members are the only partners, provided that (x) the stock option agreement
pursuant to which such nonqualified options are granted must be approved by the
Committee, and must expressly provide for transferability in a manner
consistent with this Section, and (y) subsequent transfers of transferred
options shall be prohibited except by will or the laws of descent and
distribution. Following transfer, any such options shall continue to be
subject to the same terms and conditions as were applicable immediately prior
to transfer, provided that for purposes of each Option Agreement and Sections
7, 11(a) and (c) and 14(b)(ii) hereof the term “Optionee” shall be deemed to
refer to the transferee. The events of termination of employment of Section 8
hereof shall continue to be applied with respect to the original Optionee,
following which the options shall be exercisable by the transferee only to the
extent, and for the periods specified herein and in the Stock Option Agreement.

     (c) Except as set forth in (b) above, no option granted pursuant to the
Plan shall be transferable by the Optionee other than by will or the laws of
descent and distribution or between spouses or incident to divorce within the
meaning of Section 1041 of the Code or any successor provision.

     (d) Any Common Stock issued to an officer or director of the Company
pursuant to the exercise of an option granted pursuant to the Plan shall not be
transferred until at least 6 months have elapsed from the date of grant of such
option to the date of disposition of the Common Stock underlying such option.

     (e) The Board of Directors or Committee may impose such other restrictions
on the ownership and transfer of shares issued pursuant to this Plan as it
deems desirable; any such restrictions

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shall be set forth in any Option Agreement entered into hereunder.

12. PROCEEDS

     The proceeds to be received by the Company upon exercise of any option
granted under this Plan may be used for any proper purposes.

13. AMENDMENT OF THE PLAN AND OPTIONS

     (a) The Board of Directors may amend the Plan from time to time in such
respects as it may deem advisable in its sole discretion or in order that the
options granted hereunder shall conform to any change in applicable laws,
including tax laws, or in regulations or rulings of administrative agencies or
in order that options granted or stock acquired upon exercise of such options
may qualify for simplified registration under applicable securities or other
laws; provided, however, that no amendment may be made without the consent of
stockholders which would materially (a) increase the benefits accruing to
participants under the Plan, (b) increase the number of securities which may be
issued under the Plan or the number of options that may be granted to any
individual Optionee, other than in accordance with Section 9 hereof, or (c)
modify the requirements as to eligibility for participation in the Plan.

     (b) At any time and from time to time, the Board of Directors or the
Committee may execute an instrument providing for modification, extension or
renewal of any outstanding Option, provided that no such modification,
extension or renewal shall impair the Option without the consent of the holder
of the Option. Notwithstanding the foregoing:

     (i) In the event of such a modification, substitution, extension or
renewal of a Qualified Option, the Committee may increase the exercise
price of such Option if necessary to retain the qualified status of such
Option, and

     (ii) The Committee may, in its discretion and without the holder’s
consent, convert, any Qualified Option into a Nonqualified Option.

     14. PAYMENT UPON EXERCISE; WITHHOLDING

     (a) Shares of Common Stock shall be issued to the Optionee upon payment in
full either in cash or by an exchange of shares of Common Stock of the Company
previously owned by the Optionee, or a combination of both, in an amount or
having a combined value equal to the aggregate Exercise Price for the shares
subject to the option or portion thereof being exercised provided, however,
that previously owned shares have been held by the Optionee at least six (6)
months prior to the date of exercise. The value of the previously owned shares
of Common Stock exchanged in full or partial payment for the shares purchased
upon the exercise of an option shall be equal to the Fair Market Value of such
shares on the date of the exercise of such Option. The Optionee shall be
entitled to elect to pay all or a portion of the aggregate purchase price by
having shares of Common Stock having a Fair Market Value on the date of
exercise equal to the aggregate Exercise Price withheld by the Company or sold
by a broker-dealer under circumstances meeting the requirements of 12 C.F.R.
Part 220. In addition, upon the exercise of any option granted under the Plan,
the Company, in its sole discretion, may make financing available to the
Optionee for the purchase of the Common Stock that may be acquired pursuant to
the exercise of such option on such terms as the Committee shall specify.

     (b) The Company may defer making payment or delivery of any benefits under
the Plan until satisfactory arrangements have been made for the payment of any
tax attributable to any amounts payable

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on shares deliverable under the Plan. The Optionee shall be entitled to elect
to pay all or a portion of all taxes arising in connection with the exercise of
any option by paying cash or electing to (i) have the Company withhold shares
of Common Stock that were to be issued to the Optionee upon such exercise, or
(ii) deliver other shares of Common Stock previously owned by the Optionee
having a Fair Market Value equal to the amount to be withheld; provided,
however, that the amount to be withheld shall not exceed the Optionee’s
estimated total federal (including FICA), state and local tax obligations
associated with the transaction. The Fair Market Value of fractional shares
remaining after payment of the withholding taxes shall be paid to the Optionee
in cash.

15. STOCKHOLDERS’ APPROVAL

     The Plan and all amendments thereto have been approved by the stockholders
of the Company.

16. LIABILITY OF THE COMPANY

     Neither the Company, its directors, officers or employees, nor any of the
Company’s Subsidiaries which are in existence or hereafter come into existence,
shall be liable to any Optionee or other person if it is determined for any
reason by the Internal Revenue Service or any court having jurisdiction that
any incentive stock options granted hereunder do not qualify for tax treatment
as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Code.

7<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                             PIPER JAFFRAY COMPANIES

                                       and

                                 MELLON INVESTOR

                                  SERVICES LLC

                                Rights Agreement

                          Dated as of December 31, 2003

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                                  Page
                                                                                                                 Number
                                                                                                                 ------
<S>                                                                                                              <C>
Section 1.        Definitions.............................................................................          1

Section 2.        Appointment of Rights Agent.............................................................          6

Section 3.        Issue of Right Certificates.............................................................          7

Section 4.        Form of Right Certificates..............................................................          9

Section 5.        Countersignature and Registration.......................................................         10

Section 6.        Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Right
                  Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right
                  Certificates............................................................................         11

Section 7.        Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights...........................         12

Section 8.        Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates......................................         14

Section 9.        Availability of Preferred Shares........................................................         14

Section 10.       Preferred Shares Record Date............................................................         15

Section 11.       Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number of Shares or Number of Rights......................         16

Section 12.       Certificate of Adjusted Purchase Price or Number of Shares..............................         27

Section 13.       Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power....................         27

Section 14.       Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares.................................................         29

Section 15.       Rights of Action........................................................................         31

Section 16.       Agreement of Right Holders..............................................................         32

Section 17.       Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder.......................................         33

Section 18.       Concerning the Rights Agent.............................................................         33

Section 19.       Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent...............................         35
</TABLE>

                                       i
<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                                  Page
                                                                                                                 Number
                                                                                                                 ------
<S>                                                                                                              <C>
Section 20.       Rights and Duties of Rights Agent.......................................................         36

Section 21.       Change of Rights Agent..................................................................         40

Section 22.       Issuance of New Right Certificates......................................................         41

Section 23.       Redemption..............................................................................         42

Section 24.       Exchange................................................................................         43

Section 25.       Notice of Certain Events................................................................         45

Section 26.       Notices.................................................................................         46

Section 27.       Supplements and Amendments..............................................................         47

Section 28.       Successors..............................................................................         49

Section 29.       Benefits of this Agreement..............................................................         49

Section 30.       Severability............................................................................         49

Section 31.       Governing Law...........................................................................         49

Section 32.       Counterparts............................................................................         50

Section 33.       Descriptive Headings....................................................................         50

Section 34.       Determination and Actions by the Board of Directors.....................................         50
</TABLE>

Exhibit A         -      Form of Certificate of Designations

Exhibit B         -      Form of Right Certificate

Exhibit C         -      Summary of Rights to Purchase Preferred Shares

                                       ii
<PAGE>

                  AGREEMENT (this "Agreement"), dated as of December 31, 2003
between Piper Jaffray Companies, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and
Mellon Investor Services LLC, a New Jersey limited liability company, as rights
agent (the "Rights Agent").

                  The Board of Directors of the Company has authorized and
declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (a "Right") for each
Common Share (as hereinafter defined) of the Company outstanding at 4:45 p.m.,
Eastern time, December 31, 2003 (the "Record Date"), each Right representing the
right to purchase one one-hundredth of a Preferred Share (as hereinafter
defined), upon the terms and subject to the conditions herein set forth, and has
further authorized and directed the issuance of one Right with respect to each
Common Share that shall become outstanding between the Record Date and the
earliest of the Distribution Date, the Redemption Date and the Final Expiration
Date (as such terms are hereinafter defined).

                  Accordingly, in consideration of the premises and the mutual
agreements herein set forth, the parties hereby agree as follows:

                  Section 1. Definitions.  For purposes of this Agreement, the
following terms have the meanings indicated:

                  (a)      "Acquiring Person" shall mean any Person (as
hereinafter defined) who or which, together with all Affiliates and Associates
(as such terms are hereinafter defined) of such Person, shall be the Beneficial
Owner (as hereinafter defined) of 15% or more of the Common Shares of the
Company then outstanding, but shall not include (i) the Company, (ii) any
Subsidiary (as hereinafter defined) of the Company, (iii) any employee benefit
plan of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, (iv) any entity holding
Common Shares for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan, or (v) until the
first date on which it ceases to beneficially

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<PAGE>

own Common Shares representing at least 15% of the Common Shares of the Company
then outstanding, U.S. Bancorp, a Delaware corporation. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, no Person shall become an "Acquiring Person" as the result of an
acquisition of Common Shares by the Company which, by reducing the number of
Common Shares of the Company outstanding, increases the proportionate number of
Common Shares of the Company beneficially owned by such Person to 15% or more of
the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding; provided, however, that, if a
Person shall become the Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the Common Shares of
the Company then outstanding by reason of share purchases by the Company and
shall, after such share purchases by the Company, become the Beneficial Owner of
any additional Common Shares of the Company, then such Person shall be deemed to
be an "Acquiring Person." Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Board of
Directors of the Company determines in good faith that a Person who would
otherwise be an "Acquiring Person," as defined pursuant to the foregoing
provisions of this paragraph (a), has become such inadvertently, and such Person
divests as promptly as practicable a sufficient number of Common Shares so that
such Person would no longer be an "Acquiring Person," as defined pursuant to the
foregoing provisions of this paragraph (a), then such Person shall not be deemed
to be an "Acquiring Person" for any purposes of this Agreement.

                  (b)      "Affiliate" shall have the meaning ascribed to such
term in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act
as in effect on the date of this Agreement.

                  (c)      "Associate" shall have the meaning ascribed to such
term in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act
as in effect on the date of this Agreement.

                                       2
<PAGE>

                  (d)      A Person shall be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of
and shall be deemed to "beneficially own" any securities:

                  (i)      which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates
         or Associates beneficially owns, directly or indirectly;

                  (ii)     which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates
         or Associates has (A) the right to acquire (whether such right is
         exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time) pursuant to
         any agreement, arrangement or understanding (other than customary
         agreements with and between underwriters and selling group members with
         respect to a bona fide public offering of securities), or upon the
         exercise of conversion rights, exchange rights, rights (other than
         these Rights), warrants or options, or otherwise; provided, however,
         that a Person shall not be deemed the Beneficial Owner of, or to
         beneficially own, securities tendered pursuant to a tender or exchange
         offer made by or on behalf of such Person or any of such Person's
         Affiliates or Associates until such tendered securities are accepted
         for purchase or exchange; or (B) the right to vote pursuant to any
         agreement, arrangement or understanding; provided, however, that a
         Person shall not be deemed the Beneficial Owner of, or to beneficially
         own, any security if the agreement, arrangement or understanding to
         vote such security (1) arises solely from a revocable proxy or consent
         given to such Person in response to a public proxy or consent
         solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, the applicable
         rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act and (2) is not
         also then reportable on Schedule 13D under the Exchange Act (or any
         comparable or successor report); or

                                       3
<PAGE>

                  (iii)    which are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly,
         by any other Person with which such Person or any of such Person's
         Affiliates or Associates has any agreement, arrangement or
         understanding (other than customary agreements with and between
         underwriters and selling group members with respect to a bona fide
         public offering of securities) for the purpose of acquiring, holding,
         voting (except to the extent contemplated by the proviso to Section
         1(d)(ii)(B) hereof) or disposing of any securities of the Company.

                  Notwithstanding anything in this definition of Beneficial
Ownership to the contrary, the phrase "then outstanding," when used with
reference to a Person's Beneficial Ownership of securities of the Company, shall
mean the number of such securities then issued and outstanding together with the
number of such securities not then actually issued and outstanding which such
Person would be deemed to own beneficially hereunder.

                  (e)      "Business Day" shall mean any day other than a
Saturday, a Sunday, or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New
York, Illinois and New Jersey are authorized or obligated by law or executive
order to close.

                  (f)      "Close of Business" on any given date shall mean 5:00
P.M., New York City time, on such date; provided, however, that, if such date is
not a Business Day, it shall mean 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on the next
succeeding Business Day.

                  (g)      "Common Shares" when used with reference to the
Company shall mean the shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share, of the
Company. "Common Shares" when used with reference to any Person other than the
Company shall mean the capital stock (or equity interest) with the greatest
voting power of such other Person or, if such other Person is a

                                       4
<PAGE>

Subsidiary of another Person, the Person or Persons which ultimately control
such first-mentioned Person.

                  (h)      "Distribution Date" shall have the meaning set forth
in Section 3(a) hereof.

                  (i)      "Exchange Act" shall mean the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended.

                  (j)      "Exchange Ratio" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 24(a) hereof.

                  (k)      "Final Expiration Date" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 7(a) hereof.

                  (l)      "NASDAQ" shall mean the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation System.

                  (m)      "Person" shall mean any individual, firm,
corporation, limited liability company, partnership, trust or other entity, and
shall include any successor (by merger or otherwise) thereof or thereto.

                  (n)      "Preferred Shares" shall mean shares of Series A
Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $.01 per share, of the Company
having the rights and preferences set forth in the Form of Certificate of
Designations attached to this Agreement as Exhibit A.

                  (o)      "Purchase Price" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 4 hereof.

                  (p)      "Record Date" shall have the meaning set forth in the
second paragraph hereof.

                                       5
<PAGE>

                  (q)      "Redemption Date" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 7(a) hereof.

                  (r)      "Redemption Price" shall have the meaning set forth
in Section 23(a) hereof.

                  (s)      "Right" shall have the meaning set forth in the
second paragraph hereof.

                  (t)      "Right Certificate" shall have the meaning set forth
in Section 3(a) hereof.

                  (u)      "Shares Acquisition Date" shall mean the first date
of public announcement by the Company or an Acquiring Person that an Acquiring
Person has become such.

                  (v)      "Subsidiary" of any Person shall mean any corporation
or other entity of which a majority of the voting power of the voting equity
securities or equity interest is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person.

                  (w)      "Summary of Rights" shall have the meaning set forth
in Section 3(b) hereof.

                  (x)      "Trading Day" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 11(d) hereof.

                  Section 2. Appointment of Rights Agent. The Company hereby
appoints the Rights Agent to act as rights agent for the Company in accordance
with the terms and conditions hereof, and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such
appointment. The Company may from time to time appoint such co-Rights Agents as
it may deem necessary or desirable. The Rights Agent

                                       6
<PAGE>

shall have no duty to supervise, and in no event shall be liable for, the acts
or omissions of any such co-Rights Agents.

                  Section 3. Issue of Right Certificates. (a) Until the earlier
of (i) the tenth day after the Shares Acquisition Date or (ii) the tenth
Business Day (or such later date as may be determined by action of the Board of
Directors of the Company prior to such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring
Person) after the date of the commencement by any Person (other than the
Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, any employee benefit plan of the Company
or of any Subsidiary of the Company or any entity holding Common Shares of the
Company for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan) of a tender or exchange
offer the consummation of which would result in any Person becoming the
Beneficial Owner of Common Shares of the Company aggregating 15% or more of the
then outstanding Common Shares of the Company (including any such date which is
after the date of this Agreement and prior to the issuance of the Rights; the
earlier of such dates being herein referred to as the "Distribution Date"), (x)
the Rights will be evidenced (subject to the provisions of Section 3(b) hereof)
by the certificates for Common Shares of the Company registered in the names of
the holders thereof (which certificates shall also be deemed to be Right
Certificates) and not by separate Right Certificates, and (y) the right to
receive Right Certificates will be transferable only in connection with the
transfer of Common Shares of the Company. As soon as practicable after the
Distribution Date, the Company will prepare and execute, the Rights Agent will
countersign, and the Company will send or cause to be sent (and the Rights Agent
will, if requested and provided with all necessary information, send) by
first-class, insured, postage-prepaid mail, to each record holder of Common
Shares of the Company as of the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, at
the address of such holder shown on the records of the Company, a Right
Certificate, in substantially the form of Exhibit B

                                       7
<PAGE>

hereto (a "Right Certificate"), evidencing one Right for each Common Share so
held. As of the Distribution Date, the Rights will be evidenced solely by such
Right Certificates.

                  The Company shall promptly notify the Rights Agent in writing
upon the occurrence of the Distribution Date and, if such notification is given
orally, the Company shall confirm same in writing on or prior to the Business
Day next following. Until such notice is received by the Rights Agent, the
Rights Agent may presume conclusively for all purposes that the Distribution
Date has not occurred.

                  (b)      On the Record Date, or as soon as practicable
thereafter, the Company will send a copy of a Summary of Rights to Purchase
Preferred Shares, in substantially the form of Exhibit C hereto (the "Summary of
Rights"), by first-class, postage-prepaid mail, to each record holder of Common
Shares as of the 4:45 p.m., New York City time, on the Record Date, at the
address of such holder shown on the records of the Company. With respect to
certificates for Common Shares of the Company outstanding as of the Record Date,
until the Distribution Date, the Rights will be evidenced by such certificates
registered in the names of the holders thereof together with a copy of the
Summary of Rights attached thereto. Until the Distribution Date (or the earlier
of the Redemption Date or the Final Expiration Date), the surrender for transfer
of any certificate for Common Shares of the Company outstanding on the Record
Date, with or without a copy of the Summary of Rights attached thereto, shall
also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with the Common Shares of
the Company represented thereby.

                  (c)      Certificates for Common Shares which become
outstanding (including, without limitation, reacquired Common Shares referred to
in the last sentence of this paragraph (c)) after the Record Date but prior to
the earliest of the Distribution Date, the Redemption Date

                                       8
<PAGE>

or the Final Expiration Date shall have impressed on, printed on, written on or
otherwise affixed to them the following legend:

         This certificate also evidences and entitles the holder hereof to
         certain rights as set forth in an Agreement between Piper Jaffray
         Companies and Mellon Investor Services LLC, dated as of December 31,
         2003, as it may be amended from time to time (the "Agreement"), the
         terms of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference and a copy
         of which is on file at the principal executive offices of Piper Jaffray
         Companies. Under certain circumstances, as set forth in the Agreement,
         such Rights (as defined in the Agreement) will be evidenced by separate
         certificates and will no longer be evidenced by this certificate. Piper
         Jaffray Companies will mail to the holder of this certificate a copy of
         the Agreement without charge after receipt of a written request
         therefor. As set forth in the Agreement, Rights beneficially owned by
         any Person (as defined in the Agreement) who becomes an Acquiring
         Person (as defined in the Agreement) become null and void.

With respect to such certificates containing the foregoing legend, until the
Distribution Date, the Rights associated with the Common Shares of the Company
represented by such certificates shall be evidenced by such certificates alone,
and the surrender for transfer of any such certificate shall also constitute the
transfer of the Rights associated with the Common Shares of the Company
represented thereby. In the event that the Company purchases or acquires any
Common Shares of the Company after the Record Date but prior to the Distribution
Date, any Rights associated with such Common Shares of the Company shall be
deemed cancelled and retired so that the Company shall not be entitled to
exercise any Rights associated with the Common Shares of the Company which are
no longer outstanding.

                  Section 4. Form of Right Certificates. The Right Certificates
(and the forms of election to purchase Preferred Shares and of assignment to be
printed on the reverse thereof) shall be substantially the same as Exhibit B
hereto, and may have such marks of identification or designation and such
legends, summaries or endorsements printed thereon as the Company may deem
appropriate (but which do not affect the rights, duties or responsibilities of
the Rights

                                       9
<PAGE>

Agent) and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as
may be required to comply with any applicable law or with any applicable rule or
regulation made pursuant thereto or with any applicable rule or regulation of
any stock exchange or the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., or
to conform to usage. Subject to the provisions of Section 22 hereof, the Right
Certificates shall entitle the holders thereof to purchase such number of one
one-hundredths of a Preferred Share as shall be set forth therein at the price
per one one-hundredth of a Preferred Share set forth therein (the "Purchase
Price"), but the number of such one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share and the
Purchase Price shall be subject to adjustment as provided herein.

                  Section 5. Countersignature and Registration. The Right
Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the
Board, its Chief Executive Officer, its Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer, either
manually or by facsimile signature, and shall be attested by the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary of the Company, either manually or by facsimile signature.
The Right Certificates shall be manually countersigned by the Rights Agent and
shall not be valid for any purpose unless countersigned. In case any officer of
the Company who shall have signed any of the Right Certificates shall cease to
be such officer of the Company before countersignature by the Rights Agent and
issuance and delivery by the Company, such Right Certificates, nevertheless, may
be countersigned by the Rights Agent and issued and delivered by the Company
with the same force and effect as though the individual who signed such Right
Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the Company; and any Right
Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by any individual who, at the
actual date of the execution of such Right Certificate, shall be a proper
officer of the Company to sign such Right Certificate,

                                       10
<PAGE>

although at the date of the execution of this Agreement any such individual was
not such an officer.

                  Following the Distribution Date, receipt by the Rights Agent
of notice to that effect and all other relevant information referred to in
Section 3(a), the Rights Agent will keep or cause to be kept, at its office
designated for such purpose, books for registration and transfer of the Right
Certificates issued hereunder. Such books shall show the names and addresses of
the respective holders of the Right Certificates, the number of Rights evidenced
on its face by each of the Right Certificates and the date of each of the Right
Certificates.

                  Section 6. Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of
Right Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right Certificates.
Subject to the provisions of Section 14 hereof, at any time after the Close of
Business on the Distribution Date, and at or prior to the Close of Business on
the earlier of the Redemption Date or the Final Expiration Date, any Right
Certificate or Right Certificates (other than Right Certificates representing
Rights that have become null and void pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii) hereof or
that have been exchanged pursuant to Section 24 hereof) may be transferred,
split up, combined or exchanged for another Right Certificate or Right
Certificates entitling the registered holder to purchase a like number of one
one-hundredths of a Preferred Share as the Right Certificate or Right
Certificates surrendered then entitled such holder to purchase. Any registered
holder desiring to transfer, split up, combine or exchange any Right Certificate
or Right Certificates shall make such request in writing delivered to the Rights
Agent, and shall surrender the Right Certificate or Right Certificates to be
transferred, split up, combined or exchanged at the office of the Rights Agent
designated for such purpose. Thereupon the Rights Agent shall countersign and
deliver to the Person entitled thereto a Right Certificate or Right
Certificates, as the case may be, as so

                                       11
<PAGE>

requested. The Company may require payment from a Rights holder of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in
connection with any transfer, split up, combination or exchange of Right
Certificates.

                  The Rights Agent shall have no duty or obligation under this
Section 6 to deliver to such Person such Right Certificates unless and until it
is satisfied that all such taxes and governmental charges have been received by
the Company.

                  Upon receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent of evidence
reasonably satisfactory to them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of
a Right Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or
security satisfactory to them, and, at the Company's or the Rights Agent's
request, reimbursement to the Company and the Rights Agent of all reasonable
expenses incidental thereto, and upon surrender to the Rights Agent and
cancellation of the Right Certificate if mutilated, the Company will make and
deliver a new Right Certificate of like tenor to the Rights Agent for
countersignature delivery to the registered holder in lieu of the Right
Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated.

                  Section 7. Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date
of Rights. (a) The registered holder of any Right Certificate may exercise the
Rights evidenced thereby (except as otherwise provided herein), in whole or in
part, at any time after the Distribution Date, upon surrender of the Right
Certificate, with the form of election to purchase on the reverse side thereof
duly executed, to the Rights Agent at the office of the Rights Agent designated
for such purpose, together with payment of the Purchase Price for each one
one-hundredth of a Preferred Share as to which the Rights are exercised, at or
prior to the earliest of (i) the Close of Business on December 31, 2013 (the
"Final Expiration Date"), (ii) the time at which the Rights are

                                       12
<PAGE>

redeemed as provided in Section 23 hereof (the "Redemption Date"), or (iii) the
time at which such Rights are exchanged as provided in Section 24 hereof.

                  (b)      The Purchase Price for each one one-hundredth of a
Preferred Share purchasable pursuant to the exercise of a Right shall initially
be $250, and shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in
Section 11 or 13 hereof, and shall be payable in lawful money of the United
States of America in accordance with paragraph (c) below.

                  (c)      Upon receipt of a Right Certificate representing
exercisable Rights, with the form of election to purchase duly executed,
accompanied by payment of the Purchase Price for the shares to be purchased and
an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax and or governmental charge
required to be paid by the holder of such Right Certificate in accordance with
Section 9 hereof by certified check, cashier's check or money order payable to
the order of the Company, the Rights Agent shall thereupon promptly (i) (A)
requisition from any transfer agent of the Preferred Shares certificates for the
number of Preferred Shares to be purchased and the Company hereby irrevocably
authorizes any such transfer agent to comply with all such requests, or (B)
requisition from the depositary agent depositary receipts representing such
number of one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share as are to be purchased (in
which case certificates for the Preferred Shares represented by such receipts
shall be deposited by the transfer agent of the Preferred Shares with such
depositary agent) and the Company hereby directs such depositary agent to comply
with such request; (ii) when appropriate, requisition from the Company the
amount of cash to be paid in lieu of issuance of fractional shares in accordance
with Section 14 hereof; (iii) promptly after receipt of such certificates or
depositary receipts, cause the same to be delivered to or upon the order of the
registered holder of such Right Certificate, registered in such name or names as
may be designated by such holder; and

                                       13
<PAGE>

(iv) when appropriate, after receipt, promptly deliver such cash to or upon the
order of the registered holder of such Right Certificate.

                  (d)      In case the registered holder of any Right
Certificate shall exercise less than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new
Right Certificate evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining
unexercised shall be issued by the Rights Agent to the registered holder of such
Right Certificate or to such holder's duly authorized assigns, subject to the
provisions of Section 14 hereof.

                  Section 8. Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates.
All Right Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise, transfer, split
up, combination or exchange shall, if surrendered to the Company or to any of
its agents, be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in cancelled
form, or, if surrendered to the Rights Agent, shall be cancelled by it, and no
Right Certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted
by any of the provisions of this Agreement. The Company shall deliver to the
Rights Agent for cancellation and retirement, and the Rights Agent shall so
cancel and retire, any other Right Certificate purchased or acquired by the
Company otherwise than upon the exercise thereof. The Rights Agent shall deliver
all cancelled Right Certificates to the Company, or shall, at the written
request of the Company, destroy such cancelled Right Certificates, and, in such
case, shall deliver a certificate of destruction thereof to the Company.

                  Section 9. Availability of Preferred Shares. The Company
covenants and agrees that it will cause to be reserved and kept available out of
its authorized and unissued Preferred Shares or any Preferred Shares held in its
treasury the number of Preferred Shares that will be sufficient to permit the
exercise in full of all outstanding Rights in accordance with

                                       14
<PAGE>

Section 7 hereof. The Company covenants and agrees that it will take all such
action as may be necessary to ensure that all Preferred Shares delivered upon
exercise of Rights shall, at the time of delivery of the certificates for such
Preferred Shares (subject to payment of the Purchase Price), be duly and validly
authorized and issued and fully paid and nonassessable shares.

                  The Company further covenants and agrees that it will pay when
due and payable any and all federal and state transfer taxes and charges which
may be payable in respect of the issuance or delivery of the Right Certificates
or of any Preferred Shares upon the exercise of Rights. The Company shall not,
however, be required to pay any transfer tax or governmental charge which may be
payable in respect of any transfer or delivery of Right Certificates to a Person
other than, or the issuance or delivery of certificates or depositary receipts
for the Preferred Shares in a name other than that of, the registered holder of
the Right Certificate evidencing Rights surrendered for exercise or to issue or
to deliver any certificates or depositary receipts for Preferred Shares upon the
exercise of any Rights until any such tax or governmental charge shall have been
paid (any such tax or governmental charge being payable by the holder of such
Right Certificate at the time of surrender) or until it has been established to
the Company's reasonable satisfaction that no such tax or governmental charge is
due.

                  Section 10. Preferred Shares Record Date. Each Person in whose
name any certificate for Preferred Shares is issued upon the exercise of Rights
shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of record of the
Preferred Shares represented thereby on, and such certificate shall be dated,
the date upon which the Right Certificate evidencing such Rights was duly
surrendered and payment of the Purchase Price (and any applicable transfer taxes
and governmental charges) was duly made; provided, however, that, if the date of
such surrender and payment is a date upon which the Preferred Shares transfer
books of the Company are closed,

                                       15
<PAGE>

such Person shall be deemed to have become the record holder of such shares on,
and such certificate shall be dated, the next succeeding Business Day on which
the Preferred Shares transfer books of the Company are open. Prior to the
exercise of the Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a Right Certificate
shall not be entitled to any rights of a holder of Preferred Shares for which
the Rights shall be exercisable, including, without limitation, the right to
vote, to receive dividends or other distributions or to exercise any preemptive
rights, and shall not be entitled to receive any notice of any proceedings of
the Company, except as provided herein.

                  Section 11. Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number of Shares or
Number of Rights. The Purchase Price, the number of Preferred Shares covered by
each Right and the number of Rights outstanding are subject to adjustment from
time to time as provided in this Section 11.

                  (a) (i) In the event the Company shall at any time after the
date of this Agreement (A) declare a dividend on the Preferred Shares payable in
Preferred Shares, (B) subdivide the outstanding Preferred Shares, (C) combine
the outstanding Preferred Shares into a smaller number of Preferred Shares or
(D) issue any shares of its capital stock in a reclassification of the Preferred
Shares (including any such reclassification in connection with a consolidation
or merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation),
except as otherwise provided in this Section 11(a), the Purchase Price in effect
at the time of the record date for such dividend or of the effective date of
such subdivision, combination or reclassification, and the number and kind of
shares of capital stock issuable on such date, shall be proportionately adjusted
so that the holder of any Right exercised after such time shall be entitled to
receive the aggregate number and kind of shares of capital stock which, if such
Right had been exercised immediately prior to such date and at a time when the
Preferred Shares transfer books

                                       16
<PAGE>

of the Company were open, such holder would have owned upon such exercise and
been entitled to receive by virtue of such dividend, subdivision, combination or
reclassification; provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to
be paid upon the exercise of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of
the shares of capital stock of the Company issuable upon exercise of one Right.

                  (ii)     Subject to Section 24 hereof, in the event any Person
becomes an Acquiring Person, each holder of a Right shall thereafter have a
right to receive, upon exercise thereof at a price equal to the then current
Purchase Price multiplied by the number of one one-hundredths of a Preferred
Share for which a Right is then exercisable, in accordance with the terms of
this Agreement and in lieu of Preferred Shares, such number of Common Shares of
the Company as shall equal the result obtained by (A) multiplying the then
current Purchase Price by the number of one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share
for which a Right is then exercisable and dividing that product by (B) 50% of
the then current per share market price of the Common Shares of the Company
(determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) on the date of the occurrence of
such event. In the event that any Person shall become an Acquiring Person and
the Rights shall then be outstanding, the Company shall not take any action
which would eliminate or diminish the benefits intended to be afforded by the
Rights.

                  From and after the occurrence of such event, any Rights that
are or were acquired or beneficially owned by any Acquiring Person (or any
Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person) shall be null and void, and any
holder of such Rights shall thereafter have no right to exercise such Rights
under any provision of this Agreement. No Right Certificate shall be issued
pursuant to Section 3 hereof that represents Rights beneficially owned by an
Acquiring Person whose Rights would be null and void pursuant to the preceding
sentence or any Associate or

                                       17
<PAGE>

Affiliate thereof; no Right Certificate shall be issued at any time upon the
transfer of any Rights to an Acquiring Person whose Rights would be null and
void pursuant to the preceding sentence or any Associate or Affiliate thereof or
to any nominee of such Acquiring Person, Associate or Affiliate; and any Right
Certificate delivered to the Rights Agent for transfer to an Acquiring Person
whose Rights would be null and void pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be
cancelled. The Company shall give the Rights Agent written notice of the
identity of any such Acquiring Person, Associate or Affiliate, or the nominee of
any of the foregoing, and the Rights Agent may rely on such notice in carrying
out its duties under this Agreement and shall be deemed not to have any
knowledge of the identity of any such Acquiring Person, Associate or Affiliate,
or the nominee of any of the foregoing unless and until it shall have received
such notice.

                  (iii)     In the event that there shall not be sufficient
Common Shares issued but not outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit
the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with subparagraph (ii) above,
the Company shall take all such action as may be necessary to authorize
additional Common Shares for issuance upon exercise of the Rights. In the event
the Company shall, after good faith effort, be unable to take all such action as
may be necessary to authorize such additional Common Shares, the Company shall
substitute, for each Common Share that would otherwise be issuable upon exercise
of a Right, a number of Preferred Shares or fraction thereof such that the
current per share market price of one Preferred Share multiplied by such number
or fraction is equal to the current per share market price of one Common Share
as of the date of issuance of such Preferred Shares or fraction thereof.

                  (b)      In case the Company shall fix a record date for the
issuance of rights, options or warrants to all holders of Preferred Shares
entitling them (for a period expiring within

                                       18
<PAGE>

45 calendar days after such record date) to subscribe for or purchase Preferred
Shares (or shares having the same rights, privileges and preferences as the
Preferred Shares ("equivalent preferred shares")) or securities convertible into
Preferred Shares or equivalent preferred shares at a price per Preferred Share
or equivalent preferred share (or having a conversion price per share, if a
security convertible into Preferred Shares or equivalent preferred shares) less
than the then current per share market price of the Preferred Shares (as defined
in Section 11(d)) on such record date, the Purchase Price to be in effect after
such record date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect
immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator of which
shall be the number of Preferred Shares outstanding on such record date plus the
number of Preferred Shares which the aggregate offering price of the total
number of Preferred Shares and/or equivalent preferred shares so to be offered
(and/or the aggregate initial conversion price of the convertible securities so
to be offered) would purchase at such current market price and the denominator
of which shall be the number of Preferred Shares outstanding on such record date
plus the number of additional Preferred Shares and/or equivalent preferred
shares to be offered for subscription or purchase (or into which the convertible
securities so to be offered are initially convertible); provided, however, that
in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be
less than the aggregate par value of the shares of capital stock of the Company
issuable upon exercise of one Right. In case such subscription price may be paid
in a consideration part or all of which shall be in a form other than cash, the
value of such consideration shall be as determined in good faith by the Board of
Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be described in a statement
filed with the Rights Agent and shall be binding on the Rights Agent and holders
of the Rights. Preferred Shares owned by or held for the account of the Company
shall not be deemed outstanding for the purpose of any such

                                       19
<PAGE>

computation. Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever such a record
date is fixed; and, in the event that such rights, options or warrants are not
so issued, the Purchase Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which
would then be in effect if such record date had not been fixed.

                  (c)      In case the Company shall fix a record date for the
making of a distribution to all holders of the Preferred Shares (including
without limitation any such distribution made in connection with a consolidation
or merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation) of
evidences of indebtedness or assets (other than a regular quarterly cash
dividend or a dividend payable in Preferred Shares) or subscription rights or
warrants (excluding those referred to in Section 11(b) hereof), the Purchase
Price to be in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying
the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a
fraction, the numerator of which shall be the then-current per share market
price of the Preferred Shares on such record date, less the fair market value
(as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose
determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and
shall be binding on the Rights Agent and holders of the Rights) of the portion
of the assets or evidences of indebtedness so to be distributed or of such
subscription rights or warrants applicable to one Preferred Share and the
denominator of which shall be such then-current per share market price of the
Preferred Shares on such record date; provided, however, that in no event shall
the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be less than the
aggregate par value of the shares of capital stock of the Company to be issued
upon exercise of one Right. Such adjustments shall be made successively whenever
such a record date is fixed; and, in the event

                                       20
<PAGE>

that such distribution is not so made, the Purchase Price shall again be
adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would then be in effect if such record
date had not been fixed.

                  (d)      (i) For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the
"current per share market price" of any security (a "Security" for the purpose
of this Section 11(d)(i)) on any date shall be deemed to be the average of the
daily closing prices per share of such Security for the 30 consecutive Trading
Days (as hereinafter defined) immediately prior to such date; provided, however,
that, in the event that the current per share market price of the Security is
determined during a period following the announcement by the issuer of such
Security of (A) a dividend or distribution on such Security payable in shares of
such Security or Securities convertible into such shares, or (B) any
subdivision, combination or reclassification of such Security and prior to the
expiration of 30 Trading Days after the ex-dividend date for such dividend or
distribution, or the record date for such subdivision, combination or
reclassification, then, and in each such case, the current per share market
price shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect the current market price per
share equivalent of such Security. The closing price for each day shall be the
last sale price, regular way, reported at or prior to 4:00 P.M. Eastern time or,
in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the bid and asked
prices, regular way, reported as of 4:00 P.M. Eastern time, in either case, as
reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect
to securities listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange or,
if the Security is not listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock
Exchange, as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system
with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange
on which the Security is listed or admitted to trading or, if the Security is
not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last
quoted price reported at or prior to 4:00 P.M. Eastern time or, if not so
quoted, the average of the

                                       21
<PAGE>

high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported as of
4:00 P.M. Eastern time by NASDAQ or such other system then in use, or, if on any
such date the Security is not quoted by any such organization, the average of
the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker
making a market in the Security selected in good faith by the Board of Directors
of the Company. The term "Trading Day" shall mean a day on which the principal
national securities exchange on which the Security is listed or admitted to
trading is open for the transaction of business, or, if the Security is not
listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, a Business
Day.

(ii)      For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the "current per share
market price" of the Preferred Shares shall be determined in accordance with the
method set forth in Section 11(d)(i). If the Preferred Shares are not publicly
traded, the "current per share market price" of the Preferred Shares shall be
conclusively deemed to be the current per share market price of the Common
Shares as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) hereof (appropriately adjusted
to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring
after the date hereof), multiplied by one hundred. If neither the Common Shares
nor the Preferred Shares are publicly held or so listed or traded, "current per
share market price" shall mean the fair value per share as determined in good
faith by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be
described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent.

                  (e)      No adjustment in the Purchase Price shall be required
unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least 1% in
the Purchase Price; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of
this Section 11(e) are not required to be made shall be carried forward and
taken into account in any subsequent adjustment. All calculations under this
Section 11 shall be made to the nearest cent or to the nearest one one-millionth
of a

                                       22
<PAGE>

Preferred Share or one ten-thousandth of any other share or security as the case
may be. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 11(e), any adjustment
required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than the earlier of (i) three
years from the date of the transaction which requires such adjustment or (ii)
the date of the expiration of the right to exercise any Rights.

                  (f)      If, as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to
Section 11(a) hereof, the holder of any Right thereafter exercised shall become
entitled to receive any shares of capital stock of the Company other than
Preferred Shares, thereafter the number of such other shares so receivable upon
exercise of any Right shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in a
manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with
respect to the Preferred Shares contained in Section 11(a) through (c) hereof,
inclusive, and the provisions of Sections 7, 9, 10 and 13 hereof with respect to
the Preferred Shares shall apply on like terms to any such other shares.

                  (g)      All Rights originally issued by the Company
subsequent to any adjustment made to the Purchase Price hereunder shall evidence
the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, the number of one
one-hundredths of a Preferred Share purchasable from time to time hereunder upon
exercise of the Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.

                  (h)      Unless the Company shall have exercised its election
as provided in Section 11(i) hereof, upon each adjustment of the Purchase Price
as a result of the calculations made in Sections 11(b) and (c) hereof, each
Right outstanding immediately prior to the making of such adjustment shall
thereafter evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, that
number of one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share (calculated to the nearest one
one-millionth of a Preferred Share) obtained by (A) multiplying (x) the number
of one

                                       23
<PAGE>

one-hundredths of a share covered by a Right immediately prior to this
adjustment by (y) the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such
adjustment of the Purchase Price and (B) dividing the product so obtained by the
Purchase Price in effect immediately after such adjustment of the Purchase
Price.

                  (i)      The Company may elect, on or after the date of any
adjustment of the Purchase Price, to adjust the number of Rights in substitution
for any adjustment in the number of one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share
purchasable upon the exercise of a Right. Each of the Rights outstanding after
such adjustment of the number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number of
one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share for which a Right was exercisable
immediately prior to such adjustment. Each Right held of record prior to such
adjustment of the number of Rights shall become that number of Rights
(calculated to the nearest one ten-thousandth) obtained by dividing the Purchase
Price in effect immediately prior to adjustment of the Purchase Price by the
Purchase Price in effect immediately after adjustment of the Purchase Price. The
Company shall make a public announcement of its election to adjust the number of
Rights, indicating the record date for the adjustment, and, if known at the
time, the amount of the adjustment to be made. This record date may be the date
on which the Purchase Price is adjusted or any day thereafter, but, if the Right
Certificates have been issued, shall be at least 10 days later than the date of
the public announcement. If Right Certificates have been issued, upon each
adjustment of the number of Rights pursuant to this Section 11(i), the Company
shall, as promptly as practicable, cause to be distributed to holders of record
of Right Certificates on such record date Right Certificates evidencing, subject
to Section 14 hereof, the additional Rights to which such holders shall be
entitled as a result of such adjustment, or, at the option of the Company, shall
cause to be distributed to such holders of record in substitution and

                                       24
<PAGE>

replacement for the Right Certificates held by such holders prior to the date of
adjustment, and upon surrender thereof, if required by the Company, new Right
Certificates evidencing all the Rights to which such holders shall be entitled
after such adjustment. Right Certificates so to be distributed shall be issued,
executed and countersigned in the manner provided for herein, and shall be
registered in the names of the holders of record of Right Certificates on the
record date specified in the public announcement.

                  (j)      Irrespective of any adjustment or change in the
Purchase Price or in the number of one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share
issuable upon the exercise of the Rights, the Right Certificates theretofore and
thereafter issued may continue to express the Purchase Price and the number of
one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share which were expressed in the initial
Right Certificates issued hereunder.

                  (k)      Before taking any action that would cause an
adjustment reducing the Purchase Price below one one-hundredth of the then par
value, if any, of the Preferred Shares issuable upon exercise of the Rights, the
Company shall take any corporate action which may, in the opinion of its
counsel, be necessary in order that the Company may validly and legally issue
fully paid and nonassessable Preferred Shares at such adjusted Purchase Price.

                  (l)      In any case in which this Section 11 shall require
that an adjustment in the Purchase Price be made effective as of a record date
for a specified event, the Company may elect to defer (with prompt written
notice thereof to the Rights Agent) until the occurrence of such event the
issuing to the holder of any Right exercised after such record date of the
Preferred Shares and other capital stock or securities of the Company, if any,
issuable upon such exercise over and above the Preferred Shares and other
capital stock or securities of the Company, if any,

                                       25
<PAGE>

issuable upon such exercise on the basis of the Purchase Price in effect prior
to such adjustment; provided, however, that the Company shall deliver to such
holder a due bill or other appropriate instrument evidencing such holder's right
to receive such additional shares upon the occurrence of the event requiring
such adjustment.

                  (m)      Anything in this Section 11 to the contrary
notwithstanding, the Company shall be entitled to make such reductions in the
Purchase Price, in addition to those adjustments expressly required by this
Section 11, as and to the extent that it, in its sole discretion, shall
determine to be advisable in order that any consolidation or subdivision of the
Preferred Shares, issuance wholly for cash of any Preferred Shares at less than
the current market price, issuance wholly for cash of Preferred Shares or
securities which by their terms are convertible into or exchangeable for
Preferred Shares, dividends on Preferred Shares payable in Preferred Shares or
issuance of rights, options or warrants referred to in Section 11(b) hereof,
hereafter made by the Company to holders of the Preferred Shares shall not be
taxable to such stockholders.

                  (n)      In the event that, at any time after the date of this
Agreement and prior to the Distribution Date, the Company shall (i) declare or
pay any dividend on the Common Shares payable in Common Shares, or (ii) effect a
subdivision, combination or consolidation of the Common Shares (by
reclassification or otherwise than by payment of dividends in Common Shares)
into a greater or lesser number of Common Shares, then, in any such case, (A)
the number of one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share purchasable after such
event upon proper exercise of each Right shall be determined by multiplying the
number of one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share so purchasable immediately
prior to such event by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of
Common Shares outstanding immediately before such event and the denominator of
which is the number of Common Shares outstanding immediately after such

                                       26
<PAGE>

event, and (B) each Common Share outstanding immediately after such event shall
have issued with respect to it that number of Rights which each Common Share
outstanding immediately prior to such event had issued with respect to it. The
adjustments provided for in this Section 11(n) shall be made successively
whenever such a dividend is declared or paid or such a subdivision, combination
or consolidation is effected.

                  Section 12. Certificate of Adjusted Purchase Price or Number
of Shares. Whenever an adjustment is made as provided in Section 11 or 13
hereof, the Company shall promptly (a) prepare a certificate setting forth such
adjustment and a brief, reasonably detailed statement of the facts, computations
and methodology accounting for such adjustment, (b) file with the Rights Agent
and with each transfer agent for the Common Shares or the Preferred Shares and
the Securities and Exchange Commission a copy of such certificate and (c) if
such adjustment occurs at any time after the Distribution Date, mail a brief
summary thereof to each holder of a Right Certificate in accordance with Section
25 hereof. The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying on any such
certificate and on any adjustment or statement therein contained and shall have
no duty or liability with respect to, and shall not be deemed to have knowledge
of, any adjustment unless and until it shall have received such a certificate.

                  Section 13. Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of
Assets or Earning Power. In the event, directly or indirectly, at any time after
a Person has become an Acquiring Person, (a) the Company shall consolidate with,
or merge with and into, any other Person, (b) any Person shall consolidate with
the Company, or merge with and into the Company and the Company shall be the
continuing or surviving corporation of such merger and, in connection with such
merger, all or part of the Common Shares shall be changed into or exchanged for
stock or other securities of any other Person (or the Company) or cash or any
other property, or (c) the

                                       27
<PAGE>

Company shall sell or otherwise transfer (or one or more of its Subsidiaries
shall sell or otherwise transfer), in one or more transactions, assets or
earning power aggregating 50% or more of the assets or earning power of the
Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other Person other than
the Company or one or more of its wholly-owned Subsidiaries, then, and in each
such case, proper provision shall be made so that (i) each holder of a Right
(except as otherwise provided herein) shall thereafter have the right to
receive, upon the exercise thereof at a price equal to the then current Purchase
Price multiplied by the number of one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share for
which a Right is then exercisable, in accordance with the terms of this
Agreement and in lieu of Preferred Shares, such number of Common Shares of such
other Person (including the Company as successor thereto or as the surviving
corporation) as shall equal the result obtained by (A) multiplying the then
current Purchase Price by the number of one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share
for which a Right is then exercisable and dividing that product by (B) 50% of
the then current per share market price of the Common Shares of such other
Person (determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) on the date of consummation
of such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer; (ii) the issuer of such Common
Shares shall thereafter be liable for, and shall assume, by virtue of such
consolidation, merger, sale or transfer, all the obligations and duties of the
Company pursuant to this Agreement; (iii) the term "Company" shall thereafter be
deemed to refer to such issuer; and (iv) such issuer shall take such steps
(including, but not limited to, the reservation of a sufficient number of its
Common Shares in accordance with Section 9 hereof) in connection with such
consummation as may be necessary to assure that the provisions hereof shall
thereafter be applicable, as nearly as reasonably may be, in relation to the
Common Shares of the Company thereafter deliverable upon the exercise of the
Rights. The Company shall not consummate any such consolidation, merger, sale or
transfer

                                       28
<PAGE>

unless, prior thereto, the Company and such issuer shall have executed and
delivered to the Rights Agent a supplemental agreement so providing. The Company
shall not enter into any transaction of the kind referred to in this Section 13
if at the time of such transaction there are any rights, warrants, instruments
or securities outstanding or any agreements or arrangements which, as a result
of the consummation of such transaction, would eliminate or substantially
diminish the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights. The provisions of
this Section 13 shall similarly apply to successive mergers or consolidations or
sales or other transfers.

                  Section 14. Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares. (a) The
Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Rights or to distribute
Right Certificates which evidence fractional Rights. In lieu of such fractional
Rights, there shall be paid to the registered holders of the Right Certificates
with regard to which such fractional Rights would otherwise be issuable, an
amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market value of a whole
Right. For the purposes of this Section 14(a), the current market value of a
whole Right shall be the closing price of the Rights for the Trading Day
immediately prior to the date on which such fractional Rights would have been
otherwise issuable. The closing price for any day shall be the last sale price,
regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of
the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either case, as reported in
the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to
securities listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange or, if
the Rights are not listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange,
as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with
respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on
which the Rights are listed or admitted to trading or, if the Rights are not
listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last
quoted price or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked
prices in the

                                       29
<PAGE>

over-the-counter market, as reported by NASDAQ or such other system then in use
or, if on any such date the Rights are not quoted by any such organization, the
average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional
market maker making a market in the Rights selected by the Board of Directors of
the Company. If on any such date no such market maker is making a market in the
Rights, the fair value of the Rights on such date as determined in good faith by
the Board of Directors of the Company shall be used.

                  (b)      The Company shall not be required to issue fractions
of Preferred Shares (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one
one-hundredth of a Preferred Share) upon exercise of the Rights or to distribute
certificates which evidence fractional Preferred Shares (other than fractions
which are integral multiples of one one-hundredth of a Preferred Share).
Fractions of Preferred Shares in integral multiples of one one-hundredth of a
Preferred Share may, at the election of the Company, be evidenced by depositary
receipts, pursuant to an appropriate agreement between the Company and a
depositary selected by it; provided that such agreement shall provide that the
holders of such depositary receipts shall have all the rights, privileges and
preferences to which they are entitled as beneficial owners of the Preferred
Shares represented by such depositary receipts. In lieu of fractional Preferred
Shares that are not integral multiples of one one-hundredth of a Preferred
Share, the Company shall pay to the registered holders of Right Certificates at
the time such Rights are exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to
the same fraction of the current market value of one Preferred Share. For the
purposes of this Section 14(b), the current market value of a Preferred Share
shall be the closing price of a Preferred Share (as determined pursuant to the
second sentence of Section 11(d)(i) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately
prior to the date of such exercise.

                                       30
<PAGE>

                  (c)      The holder of a Right, by the acceptance of the
Right, expressly waives such holder's right to receive any fractional Rights or
any fractional shares upon exercise of a Right (except as provided above).

                  (d)      Whenever a payment for fractional Rights or
fractional shares is to be made by the Rights Agent, the Company shall (i)
promptly prepare and deliver to the Rights Agent a certificate setting forth in
reasonable detail the facts related to such payment and the prices and/or
formulas utilized in calculating such payment, and (ii) provide sufficient
monies to the Rights Agent in the form of fully collected funds to make such
payments. The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying upon such a
certificate and shall have no duty with respect to, and shall not be deemed to
have knowledge of any payment for fractional Rights or fractional shares under
any Section of this Agreement relating to the payment of fractional Rights or
fractional shares unless and until the Rights Agent shall have received such a
certificate and sufficient monies.

                  Section 15. Rights of Action. All rights of action in respect
of this Agreement, excepting the rights of action given to the Rights Agent
hereunder, are vested in the respective registered holders of the Right
Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of the
Common Shares); and any registered holder of any Right Certificate (or, prior to
the Distribution Date, of the Common Shares), without the consent of the Rights
Agent or of the holder of any other Right Certificate (or, prior to the
Distribution Date, of the Common Shares), may, in such holder's own behalf and
for such holder's own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit,
action or proceeding against the Company to enforce, or otherwise act in respect
of, such holder's right to exercise the Rights evidenced by such Right
Certificate in the manner provided in such Right Certificate and in this
Agreement. Without

                                       31
<PAGE>

limiting the foregoing or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is
specifically acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have an adequate
remedy at law for any breach of this Agreement, and will be entitled to specific
performance of the obligations under, and injunctive relief against actual or
threatened violations of the obligations of any Person subject to, this
Agreement.

                  Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder
of a Right or other Person as a result of its inability to perform any of its
obligations under this Agreement by reason of any preliminary or permanent
injunction or other order, judgment, decree or ruling (whether interlocutory or
final) issued by a court or by a governmental, regulatory, self-regulatory or
administrative agency or commission, or any statute, rule, regulation or
executive order promulgated or enacted by any governmental authority,
prohibiting or otherwise restraining performance of such obligation.

                  Section 16. Agreement of Right Holders. Every holder of a
Right, by accepting the same, consents and agrees with the Company and the
Rights Agent and with every other holder of a Right that:

                  (a)      prior to the Distribution Date, the Rights will be
transferable only in connection with the transfer of the Common Shares;

                  (b)      after the Distribution Date, the Right Certificates
are transferable only on the registry books of the Rights Agent if surrendered
at the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, duly endorsed or
accompanied by a proper instrument of transfer; and

                                       32
<PAGE>

                  (c)      the Company and the Rights Agent may deem and treat
the person in whose name the Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution
Date, the associated Common Shares certificate) is registered as the absolute
owner thereof and of the Rights evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations
of ownership or writing on the Right Certificate or the associated Common Shares
certificate made by anyone other than the Company or the Rights Agent) for all
purposes whatsoever, and neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall be
affected by any notice to the contrary.

                  Section 17. Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder.
No holder, as such, of any Right Certificate shall be entitled to vote, receive
dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the Preferred Shares or any
other securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable on the
exercise of the Rights represented thereby, nor shall anything contained herein
or in any Right Certificate be construed to confer upon the holder of any Right
Certificate, as such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any
right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to
stockholders at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any
corporate action, or to receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting
stockholders (except as provided in Section 25 hereof), or to receive dividends
or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Right or Rights evidenced by
such Right Certificate shall have been exercised in accordance with the
provisions hereof.

                  Section 18. Concerning the Rights Agent. The Company agrees to
pay to the Rights Agent reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it
hereunder, and, from time to time, on demand of the Rights Agent, its reasonable
expenses and counsel fees and other disbursements incurred in the preparation,
delivery, amendment, administration and execution of this Agreement and the
exercise and performance of its duties hereunder. The Company also

                                       33
<PAGE>

agrees to indemnify the Rights Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any
loss, liability, damages, judgment, fine, penalty, claim, demand, settlement,
cost or expense (including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and expenses
of legal counsel), incurred without gross negligence, bad faith or willful
misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent (as each is determined by a final,
non-appealable order, judgment, decree or ruling of a court of competent
jurisdiction), for any action taken, suffered or omitted by the Rights Agent in
connection with the acceptance, administration, exercise and performance of its
duties under this Agreement. The costs and expenses incurred in enforcing this
right of indemnification by the Rights Agent shall be paid by the Company to the
extent that the Rights Agent is entitled to indemnification under this Section
18. The provisions of this Section 18 and Section 20 below shall survive the
termination of this Agreement, the exercise or expiration of the Rights and the
resignation, replacement or removal of the Rights Agent.

                  The Rights Agent shall be authorized and protected and shall
incur no liability for, or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted
by it in connection with, its acceptance and administration of this Agreement
and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder, in reliance upon any
Right Certificate or certificate for the Preferred Shares or Common Shares or
for other securities of the Company, instrument of assignment or transfer, power
of attorney, endorsement, affidavit, letter, notice, direction, consent,
certificate, statement, or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine
and to be signed, executed and, where necessary, verified or acknowledged, by
the proper person or persons, or otherwise upon the advice of counsel as set
forth in Section 20 hereof. The Rights Agent shall not be deemed to have
knowledge of any event of which it was supposed to receive notice thereof
hereunder, and the Rights Agent shall

                                       34
<PAGE>

be fully protected and shall incur no liability for failing to take any action
in connection therewith unless and until it has received such notice in writing.

                  Section 19. Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of
Rights Agent. Any Person into which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights
Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated, or any Person
resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Rights Agent or any
successor Rights Agent shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to the
shareholder services business of the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent,
shall be the successor to the Rights Agent under this Agreement without the
execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the
parties hereto; provided that such Person would be eligible for appointment as a
successor Rights Agent under the provisions of Section 21 hereof. In case at the
time such successor Rights Agent shall succeed to the agency created by this
Agreement, any of the Right Certificates shall have been countersigned but not
delivered, any such successor Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of the
predecessor Rights Agent and deliver such Right Certificates so countersigned;
and, in case at that time any of the Right Certificates shall not have been
countersigned, any successor Rights Agent may countersign such Right
Certificates either in the name of the predecessor Rights Agent or in the name
of the successor Rights Agent; and, in all such cases, such Right Certificates
shall have the full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this
Agreement.

                  In case at any time the name of the Rights Agent shall be
changed and at such time any of the Right Certificates shall have been
countersigned but not delivered, the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature
under its prior name and deliver Right Certificates so countersigned; and, in
case at that time any of the Right Certificates shall not have been
countersigned, the Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either
in its prior name

                                       35
<PAGE>

or in its changed name; and, in all such cases, such Right Certificates shall
have the full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this Agreement.

                  Section 20. Rights and Duties of Rights Agent. The Rights
Agent undertakes to perform only the duties and obligations expressly imposed by
this Agreement (and no implied duties) upon the following terms and conditions,
by all of which the Company and the holders of Right Certificates, by their
acceptance thereof, shall be bound:

                  (a)      The Rights Agent may consult with legal counsel (who
may be legal counsel for the Company or absent bad faith an employee of the
Rights Agent), and the advice or opinion of such counsel shall be full and
complete authorization and protection to the Rights Agent and the Rights Agent
shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or
omitted by it and in accordance with such advice or opinion.

                  (b)      Whenever in the performance of its duties under this
Agreement the Rights Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or
matter (including without limitation, the identity of an Acquiring Person and
the determination of the current per share market price of any security) be
proved or established by the Company prior to taking, suffering or omitting to
take any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect
thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively
proved and established by a certificate signed by any one of the Chairman of the
Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Treasurer, or the Secretary of the
Company and delivered to the Rights Agent; and such absent bad faith by the
Rights Agent certificate shall be full and complete authorization and protection
to the Rights Agent and the Rights Agent shall incur no liability for or in
respect of

                                       36
<PAGE>

any action taken, suffered or omitted by it under the provisions of this
Agreement in reliance upon such certificate.

                  (c)      The Rights Agent shall be liable hereunder to the
Company and any other Person only for its own gross negligence, bad faith or
willful misconduct (as each determined by a final, non-appealable order,
judgment, decree or ruling of a court of competent jurisdiction). Anything to
the contrary notwithstanding, in no event shall the Rights Agent be liable for
special, punitive, indirect, consequential or incidental loss or damage of any
kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Rights
Agent has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage. Any liability
of the Rights Agent under this Rights Agreement will be limited to the product
of four (4) times the amount of the annual fees paid by the Company to the
Rights Agent.

                  (d)      The Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by reason
of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement or in
the Right Certificates (except its countersignature thereof) or be required to
verify the same, but all such statements and recitals are and shall be deemed to
have been made by the Company only.

                  (e)      The Rights Agent shall not have any liability or be
under any responsibility in respect of the legality or validity of this
Agreement or the execution and delivery hereof (except the due execution hereof
by the Rights Agent) or in respect of the legality or validity or execution of
any Right Certificate (except its countersignature thereof); nor shall it be
responsible for any breach by the Company of any covenant or condition contained
in this Agreement or in any Right Certificate; nor shall it be responsible for
any change in the exercisability of the Rights (including the Rights becoming
null and void pursuant to Section

                                       37
<PAGE>

11(a)(ii) hereof) or any change or adjustment in the terms of the Rights
(including the manner, method or amount thereof) provided for in Section 3, 11,
13, 23 or 24 hereof, or the ascertaining of the existence of facts that would
require any such change or adjustment (except with respect to the exercise of
Rights evidenced by Right Certificates after receipt of the certificate
described in Section 12 hereof, upon which the Rights Agent may rely); nor shall
it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any representation or warranty as to
the authorization or reservation of any Preferred Shares to be issued pursuant
to this Agreement or any Right Certificate or as to whether any Preferred Shares
will, when issued, be validly authorized and issued, fully paid and
nonassessable.

                  (f)      The Company agrees that it will perform, execute,
acknowledge and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and
delivered all such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may
reasonably be required by the Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by
the Rights Agent of the provisions of this Agreement.

                  (g)      The Rights Agent is hereby authorized and directed to
accept instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder from
any one of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Secretary
or the Treasurer of the Company, and to apply to such officers for advice or
instructions in connection with its duties, and, absent bad faith by the Rights
Agent, such instructions shall be full authorization and protection to the
Rights Agent and the Rights Agent shall not be liable for or in respect of any
action taken, suffered or omitted by it in accordance with instructions of any
such officer or for any delay in acting while waiting for those instructions.
The Rights Agent shall be fully authorized and protected in relying upon the
most recent instructions received by any such officer.

                                       38
<PAGE>

                  (h)      If, with respect to any Right Certificate surrendered
to the Rights Agent for exercise or transfer, the certificate contained in the
form of assignment or form of election to purchase set forth on the reverse
thereof, as the case may be, has not been completed, the Rights Agent shall not
take any further action with respect to such requested exercise or transfer
without first consulting with the Company.

                  (i)      The Rights Agent and any stockholder, Affiliate,
director, officer or employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any
of the Rights or other securities of the Company or become pecuniarily
interested in any transaction in which the Company may be interested, or
contract with or lend money to the Company or otherwise act as fully and freely
as though the Rights Agent were not Rights Agent under this Agreement. Nothing
herein shall preclude the Rights Agent or any such stockholder, Affiliate,
director, officer or employee from acting in any other capacity for the Company
or for any other Person.

                  (j)      The Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of the
rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself
(through its directors, officers and employees) or by or through its attorneys
or agents, and the Rights Agent shall not be answerable or accountable for any
act, default, neglect or misconduct of any such attorneys or agents or for any
loss to the Company or any other Person resulting from any such act, default,
neglect or misconduct, absent gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct
in the selection and continued employment thereof (as each is determined by a
final, non-appealable order, judgment, decree or ruling of a court of competent
jurisdiction).

                  (k)      No provision of this Agreement shall require the
Rights Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial
liability in the performance of any of its

                                       39
<PAGE>

duties hereunder or in the exercise of its rights if it reasonably believes that
repayment of such funds or adequate indemnification against such risk or
liability is not reasonably assured to it; provided, however, that the Rights
Agent promptly notifies the Company in writing of such belief. The Company shall
have the right to provide to the Rights Agent evidence that indemnification
against such risk or liability is reasonably assured, and the Rights Agent shall
have the obligation to re-assess its belief in good faith in the context of the
evidence provided.

                  Section 21. Change of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent or any
successor Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this
Agreement upon 30 days' notice in writing mailed to the Company and to each
transfer agent of the Common Shares or Preferred Shares known to the Rights
Agent by registered or certified mail, and to the holders of the Right
Certificates by first-class mail. The Company may remove the Rights Agent or any
successor Rights Agent upon 30 days' notice in writing, mailed to the Rights
Agent or successor Rights Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer agent
of the Common Shares or Preferred Shares by registered or certified mail, and to
the holders of the Right Certificates in accordance with the applicable
provisions of Section 26 hereof. If the Rights Agent shall resign or be removed
or shall otherwise become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a
successor to the Rights Agent. If the Company shall fail to make such
appointment within a period of 30 days after giving notice of such removal or
after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by the
resigning or incapacitated Rights Agent or by the holder of a Right Certificate
(which holder shall, with such notice, submit such holder's Right Certificate
for inspection by the Company), then the registered holder of any Right
Certificate may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment
of a new Rights Agent. Any successor Rights Agent, whether appointed by the
Company or by such a court, shall be (a) a Person

                                       40
<PAGE>

organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or of any state
of the United States, in good standing, which is authorized under such laws to
exercise stock transfer powers and is subject to supervision or examination by
federal or state authority and which has at the time of its appointment as
Rights Agent a combined capital and surplus of at least $50 million or (b) a
wholly owned subsidiary of a Person which subsidiary is organized and doing
business under the laws of the United States or of any state of the United
States, is in good standing, is authorized under such laws to exercise stock
transfer powers and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state
authority and which has at the time of its appointment as Rights Agent a
combined capital and surplus of at least $50 million. After appointment, the
successor Rights Agent shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and
responsibilities as if it had been originally named as Rights Agent without
further act or deed; but the predecessor Rights Agent shall deliver and transfer
to the successor Rights Agent any property at the time held by it hereunder, and
execute and deliver any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed necessary for
the purpose. Not later than the effective date of any such appointment, the
Company shall file notice thereof in writing with the predecessor Rights Agent
and each transfer agent of the Common Shares or Preferred Shares, and mail a
notice thereof in writing to the registered holders of the Right Certificates.
Failure to give any notice provided for in this Section 21, however, or any
defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of the resignation or
removal of the Rights Agent or the appointment of the successor Rights Agent, as
the case may be.

                  Section 22. Issuance of New Right Certificates.
Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Rights to the
contrary, the Company may, at its option, issue new Right Certificates
evidencing Rights in such form as may be approved by the Board of

                                       41
<PAGE>

Directors of the Company to reflect any adjustment or change in the Purchase
Price and the number or kind or class of shares or other securities or property
purchasable under the Right Certificates made in accordance with the provisions
of this Agreement.

                  Section 23. Redemption. (a) The Board of Directors of the
Company may, at its option, at any time prior to such time as any Person becomes
an Acquiring Person, redeem all but not less than all the then outstanding
Rights at a redemption price of $.01 per Right, appropriately adjusted to
reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after
the date hereof (such redemption price being hereinafter referred to as the
"Redemption Price"). The redemption of the Rights by the Board of Directors of
the Company may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such
conditions as the Board of Directors of the Company, in its sole discretion, may
establish.

                  (b)      Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors
of the Company ordering the redemption of the Rights pursuant to paragraph (a)
of this Section 23, and without any further action and without any notice, the
right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right thereafter of the
holders of Rights shall be to receive the Redemption Price. The Company shall
promptly give public notice of any such redemption (with prompt written notice
thereof to the Rights Agent); provided, however, that the failure to give, or
any defect in, any such notice shall not affect the legality or validity of such
redemption. Within 10 days after such action of the Board of Directors of the
Company ordering the redemption of the Rights, the Company shall mail a notice
of redemption to all the holders of the then outstanding Rights at their last
addresses as they appear upon the registry books of the Rights Agent or, prior
to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of the transfer agent for the
Common Shares. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be
deemed given, whether or not the

                                       42
<PAGE>

holder receives the notice. Each such notice of redemption will state the method
by which the payment of the Redemption Price will be made. Neither the Company
nor any of its Affiliates or Associates may redeem, acquire or purchase for
value any Rights at any time in any manner other than that specifically set
forth in this Section 23 or in Section 24 hereof, and other than in connection
with the purchase of Common Shares prior to the Distribution Date.

                  Section 24. Exchange. (a) The Board of Directors of the
Company may, at its option, at any time after any Person becomes an Acquiring
Person, exchange all or part of the then outstanding and exercisable Rights
(which shall not include Rights that have become null and void pursuant to the
provisions of Section 11(a)(ii) hereof) for Common Shares at an exchange ratio
of one Common Share per Right, appropriately adjusted to reflect any adjustment
in the number of Rights pursuant to Section 11(i) (such exchange ratio being
hereinafter referred to as the "Exchange Ratio"). Notwithstanding the foregoing,
the Board of Directors of the Company shall not be empowered to effect such
exchange at any time after any Person (other than the Company, any Subsidiary of
the Company, any employee benefit plan of the Company or any such Subsidiary, or
any entity holding Common Shares for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan),
together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, becomes the
Beneficial Owner of 50% or more of the Common Shares then outstanding.

                  (b)      Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors
of the Company ordering the exchange of any Rights pursuant to paragraph (a) of
this Section 24 and without any further action and without any notice, the right
to exercise such Rights shall terminate and the only right thereafter of a
holder of such Rights shall be to receive that number of Common Shares equal to
the number of such Rights held by such holder multiplied by the Exchange Ratio.
The Company shall promptly give public notice of any such exchange (with prompt
written

                                       43
<PAGE>

notice thereof to the Rights Agent); provided, however, that the failure to
give, or any defect in, such notice shall not affect the legality or validity of
such exchange. The Company promptly shall mail a notice of any such exchange to
all of the holders of such Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon
the registry books of the Rights Agent. Any notice which is mailed in the manner
herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the
notice. Each such notice of exchange will state the method by which the exchange
of the Common Shares for Rights will be effected, and, in the event of any
partial exchange, the number of Rights which will be exchanged. Any partial
exchange shall be effected pro rata based on the number of Rights (other than
Rights which have become null and void pursuant to the provisions of Section
11(a)(ii) hereof) held by each holder of Rights.

                  (c)      In the event that there shall not be sufficient
Common Shares issued but not outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit
any exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with this Section 24, the
Company shall take all such action as may be necessary to authorize additional
Common Shares for issuance upon exchange of the Rights. In the event the Company
shall, after good faith effort, be unable to take all such action as may be
necessary to authorize such additional Common Shares, the Company shall
substitute, for each Common Share that would otherwise be issuable upon exchange
of a Right, a number of Preferred Shares or fraction thereof such that the
current per share market price of one Preferred Share multiplied by such number
or fraction is equal to the current per share market price of one Common Share
as of the date of issuance of such Preferred Shares or fraction thereof.

                  (d)      The Company shall not be required to issue fractions
of Common Shares or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional Common
Shares. In lieu of such fractional Common Shares, the Company shall pay to the
registered holders of the Right Certificates with

                                       44
<PAGE>

regard to which such fractional Common Shares would otherwise be issuable an
amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market value of a whole
Common Share. For the purposes of this paragraph (d), the current market value
of a whole Common Share shall be the closing price of a Common Share (as
determined pursuant to the second sentence of Section 11(d)(i) hereof) for the
Trading Day immediately prior to the date of exchange pursuant to this Section
24.

                  Section 25. Notice of Certain Events. (a) In case the Company
shall, at any time after the Distribution Date, propose (i) to pay any dividend
payable in stock of any class to the holders of the Preferred Shares or to make
any other distribution to the holders of the Preferred Shares (other than a
regular quarterly cash dividend), (ii) to offer to the holders of the Preferred
Shares rights or warrants to subscribe for or to purchase any additional
Preferred Shares or shares of stock of any class or any other securities, rights
or options, (iii) to effect any reclassification of the Preferred Shares (other
than a reclassification involving only the subdivision of outstanding Preferred
Shares), (iv) to effect any consolidation or merger into or with, or to effect
any sale or other transfer (or to permit one or more of its Subsidiaries to
effect any sale or other transfer), in one or more transactions, of 50% or more
of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a
whole) to, any other Person, (v) to effect the liquidation, dissolution or
winding up of the Company, or (vi) to declare or pay any dividend on the Common
Shares payable in Common Shares or to effect a subdivision, combination or
consolidation of the Common Shares (by reclassification or otherwise than by
payment of dividends in Common Shares), then, in each such case, the Company
shall give to the Rights Agent and to each holder of a Right Certificate, in
accordance with Section 26 hereof, a notice of such proposed action, which shall
specify the record date for the purposes of such stock

                                       45
<PAGE>

dividend, or distribution of rights or warrants, or the date on which such
reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, liquidation,
dissolution, or winding up is to take place and the date of participation
therein by the holders of the Common Shares and/or Preferred Shares, if any such
date is to be fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the case of any action
covered by clause (i) or (ii) above at least 10 days prior to the record date
for determining holders of the Preferred Shares for purposes of such action,
and, in the case of any such other action, at least 10 days prior to the date of
the taking of such proposed action or the date of participation therein by the
holders of the Common Shares and/or Preferred Shares, whichever shall be the
earlier.

                  (b)      In case the event set forth in Section 11(a)(ii)
hereof shall occur, then the Company shall, as soon as practicable thereafter,
give to the Rights Agent and to each holder of a Right Certificate, in
accordance with Section 26 hereof, a notice of the occurrence of such event,
which notice shall describe such event and the consequences of such event to
holders of Rights under Section 11(a)(ii) hereof.

                  Section 26. Notices. Notices or demands authorized by this
Agreement to be given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Right
Certificate to or on the Company shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by
first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in
writing with the Rights Agent) as follows:

                  Piper Jaffray Companies
                  800 Nicollet Mall, Suite 800
                  Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402
                  Attention:  Corporate Secretary

Subject to the provisions of Section 21 hereof, any notice or demand authorized
by this Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder of any
Right Certificate to or

                                       46
<PAGE>

on the Rights Agent shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class
mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing with
the Company) as follows:

                  Mellon Investor Services LLC
                  150 N. Wacker Drive
                  Suite 2120
                  Chicago, Illinois  60606
                  Attention: Mr. Thomas Blatchford

                  with a copy to:

                  Mellon Investor Services LLC
                  85 Challenger Road
                  Ridgefield Park, New Jersey 07660-2108
                  Attention: General Counsel

Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the
Company or the Rights Agent to the holder of any Right Certificate shall be
sufficiently given or made if published by press release, which promptly
thereafter shall be filed with the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission on a Form 8-K under the Exchange Act, or sent by first-class mail,
postage prepaid, addressed to such holder at the address of such holder as shown
on the registry books of the Company.

                  Section 27. Supplements and Amendments. The Company may from
time to time supplement or amend this Agreement without the approval of any
holders of Right Certificates in order to cure any ambiguity, to correct or
supplement any provision contained herein which may be defective or inconsistent
with any other provisions herein, or to make any other provisions with respect
to the Rights which the Company may deem necessary or desirable, any such
supplement or amendment to be evidenced by a writing signed by the Company and
the Rights Agent; provided, however, that, from and after such time as any
Person becomes an Acquiring Person, this Agreement shall not be amended in any
manner which would adversely

                                       47
<PAGE>

affect the interests of the holders of Rights. Without limiting the foregoing,
the Company may at any time prior to such time as any Person becomes an
Acquiring Person amend this Agreement to lower the thresholds set forth in
Section 1(a) and 3(a) hereof to not less than 10% (the "Reduced Threshold");
provided, however, that no Person who beneficially owns a number of Common
Shares equal to or greater than the Reduced Threshold shall become an Acquiring
Person unless such Person shall, after the public announcement of the Reduced
Threshold, increase its beneficial ownership of the then outstanding Common
Shares (other than as a result of an acquisition of Common Shares by the
Company) to an amount equal to or greater than the greater of (x) the Reduced
Threshold or (y) the sum of (i) the lowest beneficial ownership of such Person
as a percentage of the outstanding Common Shares as of any date on or after the
date of the public announcement of such Reduced Threshold plus (ii) .001%. Upon
delivery of a certificate from an appropriate officer of the Company and if,
requested by the Rights Agent, an opinion of counsel, that states that the
proposed supplement or amendment complies with this Section 27, the Rights Agent
shall execute such supplement or amendment, unless the Rights Agent shall have
determined in good faith that such supplement or amendment would affect the
Rights Agent's duties, liabilities, obligations, rights or immunities under this
Agreement; provided, that any supplement or amendment to this Agreement made in
accordance with this Section 27 solely to change the Persons or types of Persons
who are included within the definition of Acquiring Person (including by
lowering the threshold set forth in Section 1(a) hereof), shall not be deemed to
affect the Rights Agent's duties, liabilities or obligations, rights or
immunities under this Agreement. Prior to the Distribution Date, the interests
of the holders of Rights shall be deemed coincident with the interests of the
holders of Common Shares.

                                       48
<PAGE>

                  Section 28. Successors. All the covenants and provisions of
this Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Rights Agent shall
bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns
hereunder.

                  Section 29. Benefits of this Agreement. Nothing in this
Agreement shall be construed to give to any Person other than the Company, the
Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Right Certificates (and, prior to
the Distribution Date, the Common Shares) any legal or equitable right, remedy
or claim under this Agreement; but this Agreement shall be for the sole and
exclusive benefit of the Company, the Rights Agent and the registered holders of
the Right Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the Common Shares).

                  Section 30. Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or
restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or
other authority to be invalid, null, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the
terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in
full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated.

                  Section 31. Governing Law. This Agreement and each Right
Certificate issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract made under the
laws of the State of Delaware and for all purposes shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of such state applicable to contracts to
be made and performed entirely within such state; provided, however, that all
provisions regarding the rights, duties and obligations of the Rights Agent
shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of
New York applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely within such
state.

                                       49
<PAGE>

                  Section 32. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in
any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes
be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute
but one and the same instrument.

                  Section 33. Descriptive Headings. Descriptive headings of the
several Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall
not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions
hereof.

                  Section 34. Determination and Actions by the Board of
Directors. The Board of Directors (or its designees) shall have the sole power
and authority to administer this Agreement and to exercise the rights and powers
granted to the Board of Directors or to the Company hereunder. All such actions,
calculations, interpretations and determinations that are done or made by the
Board of Directors (or its designees) shall be final, conclusive and binding on
the Company, the Rights Agent, the holders of the Rights, as such, and all other
applicable Persons. The Rights Agent is entitled always to assume the Company's
Board of Directors acted in good faith and shall be fully protected and incur no
liability in reliance thereon.

                                       50
<PAGE>

                  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this
Agreement to be duly executed and attested, all as of the day and year first
above written.

Attest:                                     PIPER JAFFRAY COMPANIES

By  /s/ James L. Chosy                      By   /s/ Andrew S. Duff
   ---------------------------------            --------------------------------
    Name:  James L. Chosy                   Name: Andrew S. Duff
    Title: Secretary                        Title:  President

Attest:                                     MELLON INVESTOR SERVICES LLC, as
                                            Rights Agent

By  /s/ George Drake                        By /s/ Thomas Blatchford
    --------------------------------          ----------------------------------
     Name: George Drake                     Name: Thomas Blatchford
     Title: Assistant Vice President        Title: Assistant Vice President

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