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  Exhibit 4.3    
    

 $[            ]  

 CLOUD PEAK ENERGY RESOURCES LLC  

 and  

 CLOUD PEAK ENERGY FINANCE CORP.  

 $[    ] [    ]% Senior Notes due 2016  

 $[    ] [    ]% Senior Notes due 2019  

REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT  

[            ],
2009 

Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC

RBC Capital Markets Corporation,

    As Representatives of the Several Purchasers,

c/o Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated

        1585 Broadway

            New York, N.Y. 10036 

Dear
Sirs: 

        Cloud
Peak Energy Resources LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the "Issuer") and Cloud Peak Energy Finance Corp., a Delaware corporation (the "Co-Issuer" and
together with the Issuer, the "Issuers"), propose to issue and sell to Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and RBC Capital Markets Corporation,
as representatives of the initial purchasers (collectively, the "Initial Purchasers"), upon the terms set forth in a purchase agreement of even date herewith (the "Purchase Agreement"),
U.S.$[    ] aggregate principal amount of their [    ]% Senior Notes due 2016 (the "2016 Notes") and
U.S.$[    ] aggregate principal amount of their [    ]% Senior Notes due 2019 (the "2019 Notes" and together with the 2016 Notes,
the "Initial Securities") to be unconditionally guaranteed (the "Guaranties") by the guarantors party hereto (the "Guarantors" and together with the Issuers, the "Company"). The Initial Securities
will be issued pursuant to an Indenture, dated as of [    ], 2009, (the "Indenture") among the Issuers the Guarantors named therein, Wilmington Trust Company (the
"Trustee") and Citibank, N.A. (the "Paying Agent"). As an inducement to the Initial Purchasers, the Company agrees with the Initial Purchasers, for the benefit of the holders of the Initial Securities
(including, without limitation, the Initial Purchasers), the Exchange Securities (as defined below) and the Private Exchange Securities (as defined below) (collectively the "Holders"), as follows: 

        1.    Registered Exchange Offer.    The Company shall, at its own cost, prepare and, not later than 270 days
after (or if the 270th day is not a business day, the first business day thereafter) the date of original issue of the Initial Securities (the "Issue Date"), file with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "Commission") a registration statement (the "Exchange Offer Registration Statement") on an appropriate form under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities
Act"), with respect to a proposed offer (the "Registered Exchange Offer") to the Holders of Transfer Restricted Securities (as defined in Section 6 hereof), who are not prohibited by any law or
policy of the Commission from participating in the Registered Exchange Offer, to issue and deliver to such Holders, in exchange for the Initial Securities, a like aggregate principal amount of debt
securities (the "Exchange Securities") of the Company issued under the Indenture and identical in all material respects to the Initial Securities (except for the transfer restrictions relating to the
Initial Securities and the provisions relating to the matters described in Section 6 hereof) that would be registered under the Securities Act. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable
efforts to cause such Exchange 

 

Offer
Registration Statement to become effective under the Securities Act within 360 days (or if the 360th day is not a business day, the first business day thereafter) after the Issue
Date (such 360th day, an "effectiveness deadline") of the Initial Securities and shall keep the Exchange Offer Registration Statement effective for not less than 30 days (or longer, if
required by applicable law) after the date notice of the Registered Exchange Offer is mailed to the Holders (such period being called the "Exchange Offer Registration Period"). 

        If
the Company effects the Registered Exchange Offer, the Company will be entitled to close the Registered Exchange Offer 30 days after the commencement thereof provided that the
Company has accepted all the Initial Securities theretofore validly tendered in accordance with the terms of the Registered Exchange Offer. 

        Following
the declaration of the effectiveness of the Exchange Offer Registration Statement, the Company shall promptly commence the Registered Exchange Offer, it being the objective of
such Registered Exchange Offer to enable each Holder of Transfer Restricted Securities (as defined in Section 6 hereof) electing to exchange the Initial Securities for Exchange Securities
(assuming that such Holder is not an affiliate of Cloud Peak Energy Inc. within the meaning of the Securities Act, acquires the Exchange Securities in the ordinary course of such Holder's
business and has no arrangements with any person to participate in the distribution of the Exchange Securities and is not prohibited by any law or policy of the Commission from participating in the
Registered Exchange Offer) to trade such Exchange Securities from and after their receipt without any limitations or restrictions under the Securities Act and without material restrictions under the
securities laws of the several states of the United States. 

        The
Company acknowledges that, pursuant to current interpretations by the Commission's staff of Section 5 of the Securities Act, in the absence of an applicable exemption
therefrom, (i) each Holder which is a broker-dealer electing to exchange Securities, acquired for its own account as a result of market making activities or other trading activities, for
Exchange Securities (an "Exchanging Dealer"), is required to deliver a prospectus containing the information set forth in (a) Annex A hereto on the cover, (b) Annex B
hereto in the "Exchange Offer Procedures" section and the "Purpose of the Exchange Offer" section, and (c) Annex C hereto in the "Plan of Distribution" section of such prospectus in
connection with a sale of any such Exchange Securities received by such Exchanging Dealer pursuant to the Registered Exchange Offer and (ii) an Initial Purchaser that elects to sell Exchange
Securities acquired in exchange for Securities constituting any portion of an unsold allotment is required to deliver a prospectus containing the information required by Items 507 or 508 of
Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, as applicable, in connection with such sale. 

        The
Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to keep the Exchange Offer Registration Statement effective and to amend and supplement the prospectus contained therein, in
order to permit such prospectus to be lawfully delivered by all persons subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act for such period of time as such persons must comply with
such requirements in order to resell the Exchange Securities; provided, however, that (i) in the case where such prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto must be delivered by an
Exchanging Dealer or an Initial Purchaser, such period shall be the lesser of 180 days and the date on which all Exchanging Dealers and the Initial Purchasers have sold all Exchange Securities
held by them (unless such period is extended pursuant to Section 3(j) below) and (ii) the Company shall make such prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, available to any
broker-dealer for use in connection with any resale of any Exchange Securities for a period of not less than 90 days after the consummation of the Registered Exchange Offer. 

        If,
upon consummation of the Registered Exchange Offer, any Initial Purchaser holds Initial Securities acquired by it as part of its initial distribution, the Company, simultaneously
with the delivery of the Exchange Securities pursuant to the Registered Exchange Offer, shall issue and deliver to such 

2

 

Initial
Purchaser upon the written request of such Initial Purchaser, in exchange (the "Private Exchange") for the Initial Securities held by such Initial Purchaser, a like principal amount of debt
securities of the Company issued under the Indenture and identical in all material respects (including the existence of restrictions on transfer under the Securities Act and the securities laws of the
several states of the United States, but excluding provisions relating to the matters described in Section 6 hereof) to the Initial Securities (the "Private Exchange Securities"). The Initial
Securities, the Exchange Securities and the Private Exchange Securities are herein collectively called the "Securities". 

        In
connection with the Registered Exchange Offer, the Company shall: 

        (a)   mail
to each Holder a copy of the prospectus forming part of the Exchange Offer Registration Statement, together with an appropriate letter of transmittal and related
documents; 

        (b)   keep
the Registered Exchange Offer open for not less than 30 days (or longer, if required by applicable law) after the date notice thereof is mailed to the
Holders; 

        (c)   utilize
the services of a depositary for the Registered Exchange Offer with an address in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, which may be the Trustee, the
Paying Agent or an affiliate of the Trustee or the Paying Agent; 

        (d)   permit
Holders to withdraw tendered Securities at any time prior to the close of business, New York time, on the last business day on which the Registered Exchange Offer
shall remain open; and 

        (e)   otherwise
comply with all applicable laws. 

        As
soon as practicable after the close of the Registered Exchange Offer or the Private Exchange, as the case may be, the Company shall: 

        (x)   accept
for exchange all the Securities validly tendered and not withdrawn pursuant to the Registered Exchange Offer and the Private Exchange; 

        (y)   deliver
to the Trustee for cancellation all the Initial Securities so accepted for exchange; and 

        (z)   cause
the Trustee to authenticate and deliver promptly to each Holder of the Initial Securities, Exchange Securities or Private Exchange Securities, as the case may be,
equal in principal amount to the Initial Securities of such Holder so accepted for exchange. 

        The
Indenture will provide that the Exchange Securities will not be subject to the transfer restrictions set forth in the Indenture and that all the Securities of a series will vote and
consent together on all matters as one class and that none of the Securities of a series will have the right to vote or consent as a class separate from one another on any matter. 

        Interest
on each Exchange Security and Private Exchange Security issued pursuant to the Registered Exchange Offer and in the Private Exchange will accrue from the last interest payment
date on which interest was paid on the Initial Securities surrendered in exchange therefor or, if no interest has been paid on the Initial Securities, from the date of original issue of the Initial
Securities. 

        Each
Holder participating in the Registered Exchange Offer shall be required to represent to the Company that at the time of the consummation of the Registered Exchange Offer
(i) any Exchange Securities received by such Holder will be acquired in the ordinary course of business, (ii) such Holder will have no arrangements or understanding with any person to
participate in the distribution of the Securities or the Exchange Securities within the meaning of the Securities Act, (iii) such Holder is not an "affiliate," as defined in Rule 405 of
the Securities Act, of the Issuers or if it is an affiliate, such Holder will comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act to the extent applicable,
(iv) if such Holder is not a broker-dealer, that it is not engaged in, and does not 

3

 

intend
to engage in, the distribution of the Exchange Securities and (v) if such Holder is a broker-dealer, that it will receive Exchange Securities for its own account in exchange for Initial
Securities that were acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities and that it will be required to acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any
resale of such Exchange Securities. 

        Notwithstanding
any other provisions hereof, the Company will ensure that (i) any Exchange Offer Registration Statement and any amendment thereto and any prospectus forming part
thereof and any supplement thereto complies in all material respects with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, (ii) any Exchange Offer Registration Statement and any
amendment thereto does not, when it becomes effective, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading and (iii) any prospectus forming part of any Exchange Offer Registration Statement, and any supplement to such prospectus, does not include an untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading. 

        2.    Shelf Registration.    If, (i) because of any change in law or in applicable interpretations thereof by
the staff of the Commission, the Company is not permitted to effect a Registered Exchange Offer, as contemplated by Section 1 hereof, (ii) the Exchange Offer Registration Statement is
not declared effective by the 360th day after the Issuer Date or the Registered Exchange Offer is not consummated within 40 days after such date, (iii) any Initial Purchaser so
requests with respect to the Initial Securities (or the Private Exchange Securities) not eligible to be exchanged for Exchange Securities in the Registered Exchange Offer and held by it following
consummation of the Registered Exchange Offer or (iv) any Holder (other than an Exchanging Dealer) is not eligible to participate in the Registered Exchange Offer or, in the case of any Holder
(other than an Exchanging Dealer) that participates in the Registered Exchange Offer, such Holder does not receive freely tradeable Exchange Securities on the date of the exchange, the Company shall
take the following actions: 

        (a)   The
Company shall, at its cost, as promptly as practicable (but in no event more than 270 days after so required or requested pursuant to this Section 2)
file with the Commission and thereafter shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause to be declared effective (unless it becomes effective automatically upon filing), but in no event more
than 360 days after such requirement or request
pursuant to this Section 2 (such 360th day, an "effectiveness deadline"), a registration statement (the "Shelf Registration Statement" and, together with the Exchange Offer Registration
Statement, a "Registration Statement") on an appropriate form under the Securities Act relating to the offer and sale of the Transfer Restricted Securities (as defined in Section 6 hereof) by
the Holders thereof from time to time in accordance with the methods of distribution set forth in the Shelf Registration Statement and Rule 415 under the Securities Act (hereinafter, the "Shelf
Registration"); provided, however, that no Holder (other than an Initial Purchaser) shall be entitled to have the Securities held by it covered by such Shelf Registration Statement unless such Holder
agrees in writing to be bound by all the provisions of this Agreement applicable to such Holder. 

        (b)   The
Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to keep the Shelf Registration Statement continuously effective in order to permit the prospectus included
therein to be lawfully delivered by the Holders of the relevant Securities, for a period of one year (or for such longer period if extended pursuant to Section 3(j) below) from the Issue Date
or such shorter period that will terminate when all the Securities covered by the Shelf Registration Statement (i) have been sold pursuant thereto or (ii) are no longer restricted
securities (as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, or any successor rule thereof). The Company shall be deemed not to have used its commercially reasonable efforts to keep the Shelf
Registration Statement effective during the requisite period if it voluntarily takes any action that would result in Holders of Securities covered 

4

 

thereby
not being able to offer and sell such Securities during that period, unless such action is required by applicable law. 

        (c)   Notwithstanding
any other provisions of this Agreement to the contrary, the Company shall cause the Shelf Registration Statement and the related prospectus and any
amendment or supplement thereto, as of its respective effective date, (i) to comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations
of the Commission and (ii) not to contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements
therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. 

        3.    Registration Procedures.    In connection with any Shelf Registration contemplated by Section 2 hereof
and, to the extent applicable, any Registered Exchange Offer contemplated by Section 1 hereof, the following provisions shall apply: 

        (a)   The
Company shall (i) furnish to each Initial Purchaser, prior to the filing thereof with the Commission, a copy of the Registration Statement and each amendment
thereof and each supplement, if any, to the prospectus included therein and, in the event that an Initial Purchaser (with respect to any portion of an unsold allotment from the original offering) is
participating in the Registered Exchange Offer or the Shelf Registration Statement, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to reflect in each such document, when so filed with the
Commission, such comments as such Initial Purchaser reasonably may propose; (ii) include the information set forth in Annex A hereto on
the cover, in Annex B hereto in the "Exchange Offer Procedures" section and the "Purpose of the Exchange Offer" section and in Annex C hereto in the "Plan of Distribution" section of the
prospectus forming a part of the Exchange Offer Registration Statement and include the information set forth in Annex D hereto in the Letter of Transmittal delivered pursuant to the Registered
Exchange Offer; (iii) if requested by an Initial Purchaser, include the information required by Items 507 or 508 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, as
applicable, in the prospectus forming a part of the Exchange Offer Registration Statement; (iv) include within the prospectus contained in the Exchange Offer Registration Statement a section
entitled "Plan of Distribution," reasonably acceptable to the Initial Purchasers, which shall contain a summary statement of the positions taken or policies made by the staff of the Commission with
respect to the potential "underwriter" status of any broker-dealer that is the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
"Exchange Act")) of Exchange Securities received by such broker-dealer in the Registered Exchange Offer (a "Participating Broker-Dealer"), whether such positions or policies have been publicly
disseminated by the staff of the Commission or such positions or policies, in the reasonable judgment of the Initial Purchasers based upon advice of counsel (which may be in-house
counsel), represent the prevailing views of the staff of the Commission; and (v) in the case of a Shelf Registration Statement, include in the prospectus included in the Shelf Registration
Statement (or, if permitted by Commission Rule 430B(b), in a prospectus supplement that becomes a part thereof pursuant to Commission Rule 430B(f)) that is delivered to any Holder
pursuant to Section 3(d) and (f), the names of the Holders, who propose to sell Securities pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement, as selling securityholders. 

        (b)   The
Company shall give written notice to the Initial Purchasers, the Holders of the Securities and any Participating Broker-Dealer from whom the Company has received
prior written notice that it will be a Participating Broker-Dealer in the Registered Exchange Offer (which notice 

5

 

pursuant
to clauses (ii)-(v) hereof shall be accompanied by an instruction to suspend the use of the prospectus until the requisite changes have been made): 

          (i)  when
the Registration Statement or any amendment thereto has been filed with the Commission and when the Registration Statement or any post-effective
amendment thereto has become effective; 

         (ii)  of
any request by the Commission for amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the prospectus included therein or for additional information; 

        (iii)  of
the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose,
of the issuance by the Commission of a notification of objection to the use of the form on which the Registration Statement has been filed, and of the happening of any event that causes the Company to
become an "ineligible issuer," as defined in Commission Rule 405; 

        (iv)  of
the receipt by the Company or its legal counsel of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for sale in any
jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; and 

         (v)  of
the happening of any event that requires the Company to make changes in the Registration Statement or the prospectus in order that the Registration Statement or the
prospectus do not contain an untrue statement of a material fact nor omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of the
prospectus, in light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading. 

        (c)   The
Company shall make every reasonable effort to obtain the withdrawal at the earliest possible time, of any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement. 

        (d)   The
Company shall furnish to each Holder of Securities included within the coverage of the Shelf Registration, without charge, at least one copy of the Shelf
Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment or supplement thereto, including financial statements and schedules, and, if the Holder so requests in writing, all exhibits thereto
(including those, if any, incorporated by reference). The Company shall not, without the prior consent of the Initial Purchasers, make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute a
"free writing prospectus," as defined in Commission Rule 405. 

        (e)   The
Company shall deliver to each Exchanging Dealer and each Initial Purchaser, and to any other Holder who so requests, without charge, at least one copy of the
Exchange Offer Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, including financial statements and schedules, and, if any Initial Purchaser or any such Holder requests, all
exhibits thereto (including those incorporated by reference). 

        (f)    The
Company shall, during the Shelf Registration Period, deliver to each Holder of Securities included within the coverage of the Shelf Registration, without charge, as
many copies of the prospectus (including each preliminary prospectus) included in the Shelf Registration Statement and any amendment or supplement thereto as such person may reasonably request. The
Company consents, subject to the provisions of this Agreement, to the use of the prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto by each of the selling Holders of the Securities in connection with
the offering and sale of the Securities covered by the prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, included in the Shelf Registration Statement. 

        (g)   The
Company shall deliver to each Initial Purchaser, any Exchanging Dealer, any Participating Broker-Dealer and such other persons required to deliver a prospectus
following the Registered Exchange Offer, without charge, as many copies of the final prospectus included in the Exchange Offer Registration Statement and any amendment or supplement thereto as such
persons 

6

 

may
reasonably request. The Company consents, subject to the provisions of this Agreement, to the use of the prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto by any Initial Purchaser, if necessary,
any Participating Broker-Dealer and such other persons required to deliver a prospectus following the Registered Exchange Offer in connection with the offering and sale of the Exchange Securities
covered by the prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, included in such Exchange Offer Registration Statement. 

        (h)   Prior
to any public offering of the Securities, pursuant to any Registration Statement, the Company shall register or qualify or cooperate with the Holders of the
Securities included therein and their respective counsel in connection with the registration or qualification of the Securities for offer and sale under the securities or "blue sky" laws of such
states of the United States as any Holder of the Securities reasonably requests in writing and do any and all other acts or things necessary or advisable to enable the offer and sale in such
jurisdictions of the Securities covered by such Registration Statement; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to (i) qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction
where it is not then so qualified or (ii) take any action which would subject it to general service of process or to taxation in any jurisdiction where it is not then so subject. 

        (i)    The
Company shall cooperate with the Holders of the Securities to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates representing the Securities to be sold
pursuant to any Registration Statement free of any restrictive legends and in such denominations and registered in such names as the Holders may request a reasonable period of time prior to sales of
the Securities pursuant to such Registration Statement. 

        (j)    Upon
the occurrence of any event contemplated by paragraphs (ii) through (v) of Section 3(b) above during the period for which the Company is
required to maintain an effective Registration Statement, the Company shall promptly prepare and file a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or a supplement to the
related prospectus and any other required document so that, as thereafter delivered to Holders of the Securities or purchasers of Securities, the prospectus will not contain an untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If
the Company notifies the Initial Purchasers, the Holders of the Securities and any known Participating Broker-Dealer in accordance with paragraphs (ii) through (v) of Section 3(b)
above to suspend the use of the prospectus until the requisite changes to the prospectus have been made, then the Initial Purchasers, the Holders of the Securities and any such Participating
Broker-Dealers shall suspend use of such prospectus, and the period of effectiveness of the Shelf Registration Statement provided for in Section 2(b) above and the Exchange Offer Registration
Statement provided for in Section 1 above shall each be extended by the number of days from and including the date of the giving of such notice to and including the date when the Initial
Purchasers, the Holders of the Securities and any known Participating Broker-Dealer shall have received such
amended or supplemented prospectus pursuant to this Section 3(j). During the period during which the Company is required to maintain an effective Shelf Registration Statement pursuant to this
Agreement, the Company will prior to the three-year expiration of that Shelf Registration Statement file, and use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause to be declared effective
(unless it becomes effective automatically upon filing) within a period that avoids any interruption in the ability of Holders of Securities covered by the expiring Shelf Registration Statement to
make registered dispositions, a new registration statement relating to the Securities, which shall be deemed the "Shelf Registration Statement" for purposes of this Agreement. 

        (k)   Not
later than the effective date of the applicable Registration Statement, the Company will provide a CUSIP number for the Initial Securities, the Exchange Securities
or the Private Exchange Securities, as the case may be, and provide the applicable trustee with printed 

7

 

certificates
for the Initial Securities, the Exchange Securities or the Private Exchange Securities, as the case may be, in a form eligible for deposit with The Depository Trust Company. 

        (l)    The
Company will comply with all rules and regulations of the Commission to the extent and so long as they are applicable to the Registered Exchange Offer or the Shelf
Registration and will make generally available to its security holders (or otherwise provide in accordance with Section 11(a) of the Securities Act) an earnings statement satisfying the
provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act, no later than 45 days after the end of a 12-month period (or 90 days, if such period is a fiscal year) beginning
with the first month of the Company's first fiscal quarter commencing after the effective date of the Registration Statement, which statement shall cover such 12-month period. 

        (m)  The
Company shall cause the Indenture to be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, in a timely manner and containing such changes, if any, as shall
be necessary for such qualification. In the event that such qualification would require the appointment of a new trustee under the Indenture, the Company shall appoint a new trustee thereunder
pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Indenture. 

        (n)   The
Company may require each Holder of Securities to be sold pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement to furnish to the Company such information regarding the Holder
and the distribution of the Securities as the Company may from time to time reasonably require for inclusion in the Shelf Registration Statement, and the Company may exclude from such registration the
Securities of any Holder that unreasonably fails to furnish such information within a reasonable time after receiving such request. 

        (o)   The
Company shall enter into such customary agreements (including, if requested, an underwriting agreement in customary form) and take all such other action, if any, as
any Holder of the Securities
shall reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Securities pursuant to any Shelf Registration. 

        (p)   In
the case of any Shelf Registration, the Company shall (i) make reasonably available for inspection by the Holders of the Securities, any underwriter
participating in any disposition pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement and any attorney, accountant or other agent retained by the Holders of the Securities or any such underwriter all relevant
financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company and (ii) cause the Company's officers, directors, employees, accountants and auditors to supply all
relevant information reasonably requested by the Holders of the Securities or any such underwriter, attorney, accountant or agent in connection with the Shelf Registration Statement, in each case, as
shall be reasonably necessary to enable such persons, to conduct a reasonable investigation within the meaning of Section 11 of the Securities Act; provided, however, that the foregoing
inspection and information gathering shall be coordinated on behalf of the Initial Purchasers by you and on behalf of the other parties, by one counsel designated by and on behalf of such other
parties as described in Section 4 hereof. 

        (q)   In
the case of any Shelf Registration, the Company, if requested by any Holder of Securities covered thereby, shall cause (i) its counsel to deliver an opinion
and updates thereof relating to the Securities in customary form addressed to such Holders and the managing underwriters, if any, thereof and dated, in the case of the initial opinion, the effective
date of such Shelf Registration Statement (it being agreed that the matters to be covered by such opinion shall include, without limitation, the due incorporation and good standing of the Company and
its subsidiaries; the qualification of the Company and its subsidiaries to transact business as foreign corporations; the due authorization, execution and delivery of the relevant agreement of the
type referred to in Section 3(o) hereof; the due authorization, execution, authentication and issuance, and the validity and enforceability, of the applicable Securities; the absence of
material legal or 

8

 

governmental
proceedings involving the Company and its subsidiaries; the absence of governmental approvals required to be obtained in connection with the Shelf Registration Statement, the offering and
sale of the applicable Securities, or any agreement of the type referred to in Section 3(o) hereof; the compliance as to form of such Shelf Registration Statement and any documents incorporated
by reference therein and of the Indenture with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Trust Indenture Act, respectively; as of the date of the opinion and as of the effective date of the Shelf
Registration Statement or most recent post-effective amendment thereto or most recent prospectus supplement thereto that is deemed to establish a new effective date, as the case may be,
the absence from such Shelf Registration Statement and the prospectus and any prospectus supplement included therein, as then amended or supplemented and including any documents incorporated by
reference therein, of an untrue statement of a material fact or the omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading;
and as of an applicable time identified by such Holders or managing underwriters, the absence from the prospectus included in the Registration Statement, as amended or supplemented at such applicable
time and including any documents incorporated by reference therein, taken together with any other documents identified by such Holders or managing underwriters, of an untrue statement of a material
fact or the omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading; (ii) its officers to execute and deliver all customary documents and certificates and updates thereof
requested by any underwriters of the applicable Securities and (iii) its independent public accountants and the independent public accountants with respect to any other entity for which
financial information is provided in the Shelf Registration Statement to provide to the selling Holders of the applicable Securities and any underwriter therefor a comfort letter in customary form and
covering matters of the type customarily covered in comfort letters in connection with primary underwritten offerings, subject to receipt of appropriate documentation as contemplated, and only if
permitted, by Statement of Auditing Standards No. 72. 

        (r)   In
the case of the Registered Exchange Offer, if requested by any Initial Purchaser or any known Participating Broker-Dealer, the Company shall cause (i) its
counsel to deliver to such Initial Purchaser or such Participating Broker-Dealer a signed opinion in the form set forth in Section 7(c) of the Purchase Agreement with such changes as are
customary in connection with the preparation of a Registration Statement and (ii) its independent public accountants and the independent public accountants with respect to any other entity for
which financial information is provided in the Registration Statement to deliver to such Initial Purchaser or such Participating Broker-Dealer a comfort letter, in customary form, meeting the
requirements as to the substance thereof as set forth in Section 7(a) of the Purchase Agreement, with appropriate date changes. 

        (s)   If
a Registered Exchange Offer or a Private Exchange is to be consummated, upon delivery of the Initial Securities by Holders to the Company (or to such other Person as
directed by the Company) in exchange for the Exchange Securities or the Private Exchange Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall mark, or caused to be marked, on the Initial Securities so
exchanged that such Initial Securities are being canceled in exchange for the Exchange Securities or the Private Exchange Securities, as the case may be; in no event shall the Initial Securities be
marked as paid or otherwise satisfied. 

        (t)    The
Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to (a) if the Initial Securities have been rated prior to the initial sale of such Initial Securities,
confirm such ratings will apply to the Securities covered by a Registration Statement, or (b) if the Initial Securities were not previously rated, cause the Securities covered by a Registration
Statement to be rated with the appropriate rating agencies, if so requested by Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of Securities covered by such Registration Statement, or by the
managing underwriters, if any. 

9

 

 

        (u)   In
the event that any broker-dealer registered under the Exchange Act shall underwrite any Securities or participate as a member of an underwriting syndicate or selling
group or "assist in the distribution" (within the meaning of the Conduct Rules (the "Rules") of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA")) thereof, whether as a Holder of such
Securities or as an underwriter, a placement or sales agent or a broker or dealer in respect thereof, or otherwise, the Company will assist such broker-dealer in complying with the requirements of
such Rules, including, without limitation, by (i) if such Rules, including Rule 2720, shall so require, engaging a "qualified independent underwriter" (as defined in Rule 2720) to
participate in the preparation of the Registration Statement relating to such Securities, to exercise usual standards of due diligence in respect thereto and, if any portion of the offering
contemplated by such Registration Statement is an underwritten offering or is made through a placement or sales agent, to recommend the yield of such Securities, (ii) indemnifying any such
qualified independent underwriter to the extent of the indemnification of underwriters provided in Section 5 hereof and (iii) providing such information to such broker-dealer as may be
required in order for such broker-dealer to comply with the requirements of the Rules. 

        (v)   The
Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to take all other steps necessary to effect the registration of the Securities covered by a Registration
Statement contemplated hereby. 

        4.    Registration Expenses.    The Company shall bear all fees and expenses incurred in connection with the
performance of its obligations under Sections 1 through 3 hereof (including the reasonable fees and expenses, if any, of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, counsel for the Initial
Purchasers, incurred in connection with the Registered Exchange Offer), whether or not the Registered Exchange Offer or a Shelf Registration is filed or becomes effective, and, in the event of a Shelf
Registration, shall bear or reimburse the Holders of the Securities covered thereby for the reasonable fees and disbursements of one firm of counsel designated by the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the Initial Securities covered thereby to act as counsel for the Holders of the Initial Securities in connection therewith. 

        5.    Indemnification.    (a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Holder of the Securities, any
Participating Broker-Dealer and each person, if any, who controls such Holder or such Participating Broker-Dealer within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (each Holder, any
Participating Broker-Dealer and such controlling persons are referred to collectively as the "Indemnified Parties") from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, or
any actions in respect thereof (including, but not limited to, any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or actions relating to purchases and sales of the Securities) to which each Indemnified Party
may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or actions arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or
alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in a Registration Statement or prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus or "issuer free writing
prospectus," as defined in Commission Rule 433 ("Issuer FWP"), relating to a Shelf Registration, or arise out of, or are based upon, the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and shall reimburse, as incurred, the Indemnified Parties for any legal or other expenses reasonably
incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action in respect thereof; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such
case to the extent that such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in a Registration
Statement or prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus or Issuer FWP relating to a Shelf Registration in reliance upon and in conformity with written
information pertaining to such Holder and furnished to the Company by or on behalf of such Holder specifically for inclusion therein; provided further, however, that this indemnity agreement will be
in addition to any liability which the Company may 

10

 

otherwise
have to such Indemnified Party. The Company shall also indemnify underwriters, their officers and directors and each person who controls such underwriters within the meaning of the
Securities Act or the Exchange Act to the same extent as provided above with respect to the indemnification of the Holders of the Securities if requested by such Holders. 

        (b)   Each
Holder of the Securities, severally and not jointly, will indemnify and hold harmless the Company and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the
meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities or any actions in respect thereof, to which the Company or any such controlling person may
become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or actions arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged
untrue statement of a material fact contained in a Registration Statement or prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus or Issuer FWP relating to a Shelf
Registration, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, but in each case only to the
extent that the untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information pertaining to such Holder and furnished to the
Company by or on behalf of such Holder specifically for inclusion therein; and, subject to the limitation set forth immediately preceding this clause, shall reimburse, as incurred, the Company for any
legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company or any such controlling person in connection with investigating or defending any loss, claim, damage, liability or action in respect thereof.
This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which such Holder may otherwise have to the Company or any of its controlling persons. 

        (c)   Promptly
after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 5 of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding (including a governmental
investigation), such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under this Section 5, notify the indemnifying party of the commencement
thereof; but the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability that it may have under subsection (a) or (b) above except to the
extent that it has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and provided further that the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall
not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an indemnified party otherwise than under subsection (a) or (b) above. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified
party, and it notifies the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it may wish, jointly with any other
indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party (who shall not, except with the consent of the indemnified party,
be counsel to the indemnifying party), and after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof the indemnifying party will not be liable
to such indemnified party under this Section 5 for any legal or other expenses, other than reasonable costs of investigation, subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with
the defense thereof. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened action in respect of which any
indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party unless such settlement (i) includes an unconditional release of such
indemnified party from all liability on any claims that are the subject matter of such action, and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to
act by or on behalf of any indemnified party. 

        (d)   If
the indemnification provided for in this Section 5 is unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsections (a) or
(b) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect
thereof) referred to in subsection (a) or (b) above (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the indemnifying party or 

11

 

parties
on the one hand and the indemnified party on the other from the exchange of the Securities, pursuant to the Registered Exchange Offer, or (ii) if the allocation provided by the
foregoing clause (i) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the
relative fault of the indemnifying party or parties on the one hand and the indemnified party on the other in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages
or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the parties shall be determined by reference to, among other things,
whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company on the one hand or such
Holder or such other indemnified party, as the case may be, on the other, and the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or
omission. The amount paid by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in the first sentence of this subsection (d) shall be deemed to include
any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any action or claim which is the subject of this subsection (d).
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 5(d), the Holders of the Securities shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the net proceeds received
by such
Holders from the sale of the Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement exceeds the amount of damages which such Holders have otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged
untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution
from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this paragraph (d), each person, if any, who controls such indemnified party within the meaning of the
Securities Act or the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such indemnified party and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or
the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company. 

        (e)   The
agreements contained in this Section 5 shall survive the sale of the Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement and shall remain in full force and
effect, regardless of any termination or cancellation of this Agreement or any investigation made by or on behalf of any indemnified party. 

        6.    Additional Interest Under Certain Circumstances.    (a) Additional interest (the "Additional Interest") with
respect to the Initial Securities shall be assessed as follows if any of the following events occur (each such event in clauses (i) through (iii) below a "Registration Default"): 

          (i)  any
Registration Statement is not declared effective on or prior to the applicable effectiveness deadline; 

         (ii)  the
Exchange Offer is not consummated on or prior to the date that is 40 days after the Exchange Offer Registration Statement is declared effective; or 

        (iii)  If
after either the Exchange Offer Registration Statement or the Shelf Registration Statement becomes effective (A) such Registration Statement thereafter
ceases to be effective; or (B) such Registration Statement or the related prospectus ceases to be usable (except as permitted in paragraph (b)) in connection with resales of Transfer
Restricted Securities during the periods specified herein because either (1) any event occurs as a result of which the related prospectus forming part of such Registration Statement would
include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein in the light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading,
(2) it shall be necessary to amend such Registration Statement or supplement the related prospectus, to comply with the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or the respective rules thereunder, or
(3) such Registration Statement is a Shelf Registration Statement that has expired before a replacement Shelf Registration Statement has become effective. 

12

 

Additional
Interest shall accrue on the Initial Securities over and above the interest set forth in the title of the applicable Securities from and including the date on which any such Registration
Default shall occur to but excluding the date on which all such Registration Defaults have been cured, at a rate of 0.25% per annum for the first 90-day period immediately following the
occurrence of a Registration Default, to be increased by an additional 0.25% per annum with respect to each subsequent 90-day period until all Registration Defaults have been cured, up to
a maximum additional interest rate of 1.00% per annum. 

        (b)   A
Registration Default referred to in Section 6(a)(iii)(B) hereof shall be deemed not to have occurred and be continuing in relation to a Shelf Registration
Statement or the related prospectus if (i) such Registration Default has occurred solely as a result of (x) the filing of a post-effective amendment to such Shelf
Registration Statement to incorporate annual audited financial information with respect to the Company where such post-effective amendment is not yet effective and needs to be declared
effective to permit Holders to use the related prospectus or (y) other material events, with respect to the Company that would need to be described in such Shelf Registration Statement or the
related prospectus and (ii) in the case of clause (y), the Company is proceeding promptly and in good faith to amend or supplement such Shelf Registration Statement and related
prospectus to describe such events; provided, however, that in any case if such Registration Default occurs for a continuous period in excess of 30 days, Additional Interest shall be payable in
accordance with the above paragraph from the day such Registration Default occurs until such Registration Default is cured. 

        (c)   Any
amounts of Additional Interest due pursuant to clause (i), (ii) or (iii) of Section 6(a) above will be payable in cash on the regular
interest payment dates with respect to the Initial Securities. The amount of Additional Interest applicable to a series of Securities will be determined by multiplying the applicable Additional
Interest rate by the principal amount of the Initial Securities of such series, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days such Additional Interest rate was applicable
during such period (determined on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months), and the denominator of which is 360. 

        (d)   "Transfer
Restricted Securities" means each Security until (i) the date on which such Transfer Restricted Security has been exchanged by a person other than a
broker-dealer for a freely transferable Exchange Security in the Registered Exchange Offer, (ii) following the exchange by a broker-dealer in the Registered Exchange Offer of a Initial Security
for an Exchange Note, the date on which such Exchange Note is sold to a purchaser who receives from such broker-dealer on or prior to the date of such sale a copy of the prospectus contained in the
Exchange Offer Registration Statement or (iii) the date on which such Initial Security has been effectively registered under the Securities Act and disposed of in accordance with the Shelf
Registration Statement. 

        7.    Rules 144 and 144A.    The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to file the reports
required to be filed by it under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act in a timely manner and, if at any time the Company is not required to file such reports, it will, upon the request of any
Holder of Initial Securities, make publicly available other information so long as necessary to permit sales of their securities pursuant to Rules 144 and 144A. The Company covenants that it
will take such further action as any Holder of Initial Securities may reasonably request, all to the extent required from time to time
to enable such Holder to sell Initial Securities without registration under the Securities Act within the limitation of the exemptions provided by Rules 144 and 144A (including the requirements
of Rule 144A(d)(4)). The Company will provide a copy of this Agreement to prospective purchasers of Initial Securities identified to the Company by the Initial Purchasers upon request. Upon the
request of any Holder of Initial Securities, the Company shall deliver to such Holder a written statement as to whether it has complied with such requirements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing
in this Section 7 shall be deemed to require the Company to register any of its securities pursuant to the Exchange Act. 

13

 

        8.    Underwritten Registrations.    If any of the Transfer Restricted Securities covered by any Shelf Registration
are to be sold in an underwritten offering, the investment banker or investment bankers and manager or managers that will administer the offering ("Managing Underwriters") will be selected by the
Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of such Transfer Restricted Securities to be included in such offering. 

        No
person may participate in any underwritten registration hereunder unless such person (i) agrees to sell such person's Transfer Restricted Securities on the basis reasonably
provided in any underwriting arrangements approved by the persons entitled hereunder to approve such arrangements and (ii) completes and executes all questionnaires, powers of attorney,
indemnities, underwriting agreements and other documents reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting arrangements. 

        9.    Miscellaneous.    

        (a)    Amendments and Waivers.    The provisions of this Agreement may not be amended, modified or supplemented, and
waivers or consents to departures from the provisions hereof may not be given, except by the Company and the written consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities affected
by such amendment, modification, supplement, waiver or consents. 

        (b)    Notices.    All notices and other communications provided for or permitted hereunder shall be made in writing
by hand delivery, first-class mail, facsimile transmission, or air courier which guarantees overnight delivery: 

        (1)   if
to a Holder of the Securities, at the most current address given by such Holder to the Company. 

        (2)   if
to the Initial Purchasers; 

Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated,

1585 Broadway

New York, N.Y. 10036

Fax No.: [            ]

Attention: [            ] 

        with
a copy to: 

Davis
Polk & Wardwell LLP

450 Lexington Avenue

New York, NY 10017

Fax No.: (212) 701-5111

Attention: Michael Kaplan 

        (3)   if
to the Company, at its address as follows: 

Cloud
Peak Energy Resources LLC and Cloud Peak Energy Finance Corp.

c/o Cloud Peak Energy Inc.

505 S. Gillette Ave.

Gillette, WY 82718

Fax No.: (307) 687-6059

Attention: Michael Barrett 

14

 

        with
a copy to:

Fried,
Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

One New York Plaza

New York, New York 10004

Fax No.: (212) 859-4000

Attention: Stuart Gelfond 

        All
such notices and communications shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; three business days after being deposited in the
mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; when receipt is acknowledged by recipient's facsimile machine operator, if sent by facsimile transmission; and on the day delivered, if sent by overnight air courier
guaranteeing next day delivery. 

        (c)    No Inconsistent Agreements.    The Company has not, as of the date hereof, entered into, nor shall it, on or
after the date hereof, enter into, any agreement with respect to its securities that is inconsistent with the rights granted to the Holders herein or otherwise conflicts with the provisions hereof. 

        (d)    Successors and Assigns.    This Agreement shall be binding upon the Company and its successors and assigns. 

        (e)    Counterparts.    This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in
separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. 

        (f)    Headings.    The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or
otherwise affect the meaning hereof. 

        (g)   Governing Law. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. 

        (h)    Severability.    If any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any
circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of any such provision in every other respect and of the remaining provisions contained herein shall
not be affected or impaired thereby. 

        (i)    Securities Held by the Company.    Whenever the consent or approval of Holders of a specified percentage of
principal amount of Securities is required hereunder, Securities held by the Company or its affiliates (other than subsequent Holders of Securities if such subsequent Holders are deemed to be
affiliates solely by reason of their holdings of such Securities) shall not be counted in determining whether such consent or approval was given by the Holders of such required percentage. 

15

 

        If
the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, please sign and return to the Company a counterpart hereof, whereupon this instrument, along with all
counterparts, will become a binding agreement among the several Initial Purchasers, the Issuer, the Co-Issuer and the Guarantors in accordance with its terms. 

 

					
	 	 	 Very truly yours,
	

 	
 	
 CLOUD PEAK ENERGY RESOURCES LLC
	

 	
 	
 By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	Name:
	 	 	 	 	Title:
	

 	
 	
CLOUD PEAK ENERGY FINANCE CORP.
	

 	
 	
 By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	Name:
	 	 	 	 	Title:
	

 	
 	
CORDERO MINING LLC

CORDERO MINING HOLDINGS LLC

CABALLO ROJO LLC

CABALLO ROJO HOLDINGS LLC

NERCO LLC

NERCO COAL LLC

ANTELOPE COAL LLC

SPRING CREEK COAL LLC

NERCO COAL SALES LLC

PROSPECT LAND AND DEVELOPMENT LLC

NORTHERN COAL TRANSPORTATION LLC

KENNECOTT COAL SALES LLC

RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT LLC

WESTERN MINERALS LLC

SEQUATCHIE VALLEY COAL CORPORATION

CLOUD PEAK ENERGY SERVICES COMPANY
	

 	
 	
 By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	Name:
	 	 	 	 	Title:

 

 16

 

The
foregoing Registration

Rights Agreement is hereby confirmed

and accepted as of the date first

above written. 

 

 

							
	  MORGAN STANLEY & CO. INCORPORATED

	

 
	
 	
 By:	
 	

 	
 	

 
	 
	 	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 
	 	 	 	Title:	 	 
	

   CREDIT SUISSE SECURITIES (USA) LLC

	

 
	
 	
 By:	
 	

 	
 	

 
	 
	 	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 
	 	 	 	Title:	 	 
	

   RBC CAPITAL MARKETS CORPORATION

	

 
	
 	
 By:	
 	

 	
 	

 
	 
	 	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 
	 	 	 	Title:	 	 
	

 
	
 	
 Acting on behalf of themselves

and as the Representatives

of the several Purchasers

 

 17

  
ANNEX A 

        Each
broker-dealer that receives Exchange Securities for its own account pursuant to the Exchange Offer must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale
of such Exchange Securities. The Letter of Transmittal states that by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an "underwriter" within
the meaning of the Securities Act. This Prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by a broker-dealer in connection with resales of Exchange Securities received in
exchange for Initial Securities where such Initial Securities were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. The Company has agreed that, for
a period of 180 days after the Expiration Date (as defined herein), it will make this Prospectus available to any broker-dealer for use in connection with any such resale. See "Plan of
Distribution." 

ANNEX
B 

        Each
broker-dealer that receives Exchange Securities for its own account in exchange for Securities, where such Initial Securities were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of
market-making activities or other trading activities, must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such Exchange Securities. See "Plan of Distribution." 

ANNEX
C 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION 

        Each
broker-dealer that receives Exchange Securities for its own account pursuant to the Exchange Offer must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in
connection with any resale of such Exchange Securities. This Prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by a broker-dealer in connection with resales of Exchange
Securities received in exchange for Initial Securities where such Initial Securities were acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. The Company has agreed that, for
a period of 180 days after the Expiration Date, it will make this prospectus, as amended or supplemented, available to any broker-dealer for use in connection with any such resale. In addition,
until                                    , 20 , all dealers effecting
transactions in the Exchange Securities may be required to deliver a prospectus. 

        The
Company will not receive any proceeds from any sale of Exchange Securities by broker-dealers. Exchange Securities received by broker-dealers for their own account pursuant to the
Exchange Offer may be sold from time to time in one or more transactions in the over-the-counter market, in negotiated transactions, through the writing of options on the
Exchange Securities or a combination of such methods of resale, at market prices prevailing at the time of resale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or negotiated prices. Any such
resale may be made directly to purchasers or to or through brokers or dealers who may receive compensation in the form of commissions or concessions from any such broker-dealer or the purchasers of
any such Exchange Securities. Any broker-dealer that resells Exchange Securities that were received by it for its own account pursuant to the Exchange Offer and any broker or dealer that participates
in a distribution of such Exchange Securities may be deemed to be an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act and any profit on any such resale of Exchange Securities and any commission
or concessions received by any such persons may be deemed to be underwriting compensation under the Securities Act. The Letter of Transmittal states that, by acknowledging that it will deliver and by
delivering a prospectus, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act. 

        For
a period of 180 days after the Expiration Date the Company will promptly send additional copies of this Prospectus and any amendment or supplement to this Prospectus to any
broker-dealer that requests such documents in the Letter of Transmittal. The Company has agreed to pay all expenses incident to the Exchange Offer (including the expenses of one counsel for the
Holders of the Securities) other than commissions or concessions of any brokers or dealers and will indemnify the
Holders of the Securities (including any broker-dealers) against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. 

ANNEX
D 

o    CHECK
HERE IF YOU ARE A BROKER-DEALER AND WISH TO RECEIVE 10 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THE PROSPECTUS AND 10 COPIES OF ANY AMENDMENTS OR
SUPPLEMENTS THERETO. 

 

					
	Name:	 	

 	 	 
	Address:	 	

 	 	 
	 	 	

 	 	 

 

 If
the undersigned is not a broker-dealer, the undersigned represents that it is not engaged in, and does not intend to engage in, a distribution of Exchange Securities. If the undersigned is a
broker-dealer that will receive Exchange Securities for its own account in exchange for Initial Securities that were acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities, it
acknowledges that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such Exchange Securities; however, by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus, the undersigned will not be
deemed to admit that it is an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act. 

QuickLinks

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  Exhibit 10.21    
    

 
 

  MASTER SEPARATION AGREEMENT
  by and among
  RIO TINTO AMERICA INC.,
  RIO TINTO ENERGY AMERICA INC.,
  KENNECOTT MANAGEMENT SERVICES COMPANY,
  CLOUD PEAK ENERGY INC.,
  CLOUD PEAK ENERGY
RESOURCES LLC
  and
  the subsidiaries listed on the signature pages hereto    

 
 

  Dated            , 2009    
    

 

 
 

  TABLE OF CONTENTS    
    

 

 

							
	  ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS
	 	2
	 
	 	 1.1.
	 	 Defined Terms
	 	2
	 
	 	 1.2.
	 	 Construction
	 	12
	  ARTICLE II STRUCTURING AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
	 	13
	 
	 	 2.1.
	 	 Termination of Intercompany Agreements
	 	13
	 
	 	 2.2.
	 	 Continuance of Surety Bonds
	 	14
	 
	 	 2.3.
	 	 Continuance of Insurance
	 	17
	 
	 	 2.4.
	 	 Jacobs Ranch Matters
	 	17
	 
	 	 2.5.
	 	 Representations and Warranties of CPE
	 	18
	 
	 	 2.6.
	 	 DISCLAIMER OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
	 	18
	 
	 	 2.7.
	 	 Delivery of Cloud Peak Reliance Letter
	 	19
	  ARTICLE III INTERCOMPANY TRANSACTIONS AS OF THE CLOSING DATE
	 	19
	 
	 	 3.1.
	 	 Time and Place of Closing
	 	19
	 
	 	 3.2.
	 	 Closing Transactions
	 	19
	 
	 	 3.3.
	 	 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws
	 	20
	 
	 	 3.4.
	 	 Transfers of Assets and Assumption of Liabilities
	 	20
	 
	 	 3.5.
	 	 The Initial Public Offering, the Concurrent Offering and the Cloud Peak Financing
	 	20
	 
	 	 3.6.
	 	 Cancellation of RTA Share of CPE Common Stock
	 	20
	 
	 	 3.7.
	 	 Rescission
	 	20
	 
	 	 3.8.
	 	 Tax Matters
	 	20
	 
	 	 3.9.
	 	 Working Capital Adjustment
	 	21
	  ARTICLE IV DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION
	 	23
	 
	 	 4.1.
	 	 Restrictions on Disclosure of Information
	 	23
	 
	 	 4.2.
	 	 Legally Required Disclosure of Information
	 	24
	  ARTICLE V MUTUAL RELEASES
	 	24
	 
	 	 5.1.
	 	 Release of Liability
	 	24
	 
	 	 5.2.
	 	 RTEA Obligations Not Affected
	 	25
	 
	 	 5.3.
	 	 No Cloud Peak Claims
	 	26
	 
	 	 5.4.
	 	 No RTEA Claims
	 	26
	 
	 	 5.5.
	 	 Subsidiary Releases and Other Actions
	 	26
	  ARTICLE VI INDEMNIFICATION
	 	26
	 
	 	 6.1.
	 	 Indemnification by Cloud Peak
	 	26
	 
	 	 6.2.
	 	 Guaranty
	 	28
	 
	 	 6.3.
	 	 Indemnification by Rio Tinto
	 	29
	 
	 	 6.4.
	 	 Registration Statement and Other Related Indemnification and/or Contribution
	 	30
	 
	 	 6.5.
	 	 Claim Procedure
	 	32
	 
	 	 6.6.
	 	 Survival; Limitations; Insurance
	 	34
	  ARTICLE VII FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION
	 	35
	 
	 	 7.1.
	 	 Financial Information
	 	35
	 
	 	 7.2.
	 	 Corporate Reserves Data
	 	36
	 
	 	 7.3.
	 	 Other Financial Information
	 	37
	 
	 	 7.4.
	 	 Other Agreements
	 	37
	 
	 	 7.5.
	 	 Rio Tinto Public Filings
	 	39
	 
	 	 7.6.
	 	 Accounting Matters
	 	40
	 
	 	 7.7.
	 	 Agreement for Exchange of Information; Archives
	 	40
	 
	 	 7.8.
	 	 Ownership of Information
	 	41
	 
	 	 7.9.
	 	 Compensation for Providing Information
	 	42
	 
	 	 7.10.
	 	 Record Retention
	 	42
	 
	 	 7.11.
	 	 Accuracy of Information
	 	42

 

 i

 
 

 

							
	 
	 	 7.12.
	 	 Other Agreements Providing for Exchange of Information
	 	42
	 
	 	 7.13.
	 	 Production of Witnesses; Records; Cooperation
	 	43
	 
	 	 7.14.
	 	 Preservation of Legal Privileges
	 	43
	  ARTICLE VIII ADDITIONAL COVENANTS
	 	45
	 
	 	 8.1.
	 	 Further Assurances
	 	45
	 
	 	 8.2.
	 	 Rio Tinto Group Non-Competition
	 	45
	 
	 	 8.3.
	 	 Non-Solicitation of Employees
	 	46
	 
	 	 8.4.
	 	 Payment of Expenses
	 	46
	 
	 	 8.5.
	 	 Provision of Additional Services
	 	47
	 
	 	 8.6.
	 	 Governmental Approvals
	 	47
	 
	 	 8.7.
	 	 Covenants Against Taking Certain Actions Affecting RTEA
	 	47
	 
	 	 8.8.
	 	 No Violations
	 	48
	 
	 	 8.9.
	 	 Receipt of Notices
	 	48
	  ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS
	 	48
	 
	 	 9.1.
	 	 Corporate Power
	 	48
	 
	 	 9.2.
	 	 Assignment
	 	49
	 
	 	 9.3.
	 	 Public Announcements
	 	49
	 
	 	 9.4.
	 	 Survival of Covenants
	 	49
	 
	 	 9.5.
	 	 Notices
	 	49
	 
	 	 9.6.
	 	 Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial
	 	50
	 
	 	 9.7.
	 	 Severability
	 	50
	 
	 	 9.8.
	 	 Amendment
	 	51
	 
	 	 9.9.
	 	 Counterparts and Signature
	 	51
	 
	 	 9.10.
	 	 Dispute Resolution
	 	51
	 
	 	 9.11.
	 	 No Third-Party Beneficiaries
	 	53
	 
	 	 9.12.
	 	 Waiver
	 	53
	 
	 	 9.13.
	 	 Entire Agreement
	 	53
	  SCHEDULE A
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE B
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE C
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE D
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE 2.1
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE 2.2
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE 2.2
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE 2.5
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE 5.1
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE 6.4
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE 6.5
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE 7.1
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE 7.2
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE 7.4(d)
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE 8.4
	 	 
	  SCHEDULE 8.7
	 	 

 

 ii

 

 
 

  MASTER SEPARATION AGREEMENT    
    

        This Master Agreement (this "Agreement") is made and entered into as of November, 2009
by and among Rio Tinto America Inc., a Delaware corporation ("RTA"), Rio Tinto Energy America Inc., a Delaware corporation
("RTEA"), Kennecott Management Services Company, a Delaware corporation ("KMS"), Cloud Peak
Energy Inc., a Delaware corporation ("CPE"), Cloud Peak Energy Resources LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the
"Company"), and each of the subsidiaries named on Schedule A hereto (the
"Company Subsidiaries," and, together with the Company and any other Subsidiaries (as defined below) of the Company, collectively,
"CPE LLC"). RTEA, KMS, CPE and CPE LLC are sometimes referred to herein separately as a
"Party" and together as the "Parties." Certain terms used in this Agreement are defined in  Section 1.1. 

 
 

  RECITALS    
    

        WHEREAS, through a series of structuring transactions (the "Structuring Transactions"),
RTEA contributed RTA's non-Colorado Western United States coal mining business (other than the Colowyo mine) (the "Coal Business") to the
Company; 

        WHEREAS,
concurrent with the execution of this Agreement, (i) CPE and RTEA will enter into the Acquisition Agreement pursuant to which CPE will purchase a portion of RTEA's
interest in the Coal Business (the "Acquisition") and, as consideration, will issue the Cloud Peak Promissory Note, (ii) CPE, RTEA and KMS will
enter into the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Company (the "LLC Agreement") and (iii) CPE, CPE LLC,
RTEA, KMS and/or their respective Affiliates will enter into the Transaction Documents, including the Tax Receivable Agreement; and 

        WHEREAS,
CPE has been incorporated solely for the purposes set forth above and has not engaged in material activities except in preparation for and in connection with the Structuring
Transactions, the Initial Public Offering and the Concurrent Offering; 

        WHEREAS,
it is appropriate and desirable, for the benefit of the Parties, to set forth the principal corporate transactions required to effect certain of the Structuring Transactions and
certain other agreements that will, following the consummation of the Initial Public Offering and the Concurrent Offering, govern certain matters related to the relationship and rights and obligations
of the Rio Tinto Parties (as defined below), on the one hand, and the Cloud Peak Parties (as defined below), on the other hand, and their respective Subsidiaries. 

        NOW,
THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and agreements set forth below, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which is
hereby acknowledged, the Parties hereby agree as follows: 

 
 
 

  ARTICLE I
  DEFINITIONS    
    

        1.1.    Defined Terms.    As used in this Agreement, the following
terms shall have the following meanings: 

        "430A Information" with respect to any registration statement, means information included in a prospectus and retroactively deemed to be a
part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430A(b) under the Securities Act. 

        "430C Information" with respect to any registration statement, means information included in a prospectus then deemed to be a part of such
registration statement pursuant to Rule 430C under the Securities Act. 

        "Acquired U.S. Coal Businesses" means any and all existing and prior businesses and operations conducted by CPESC and RTEA and its
Subsidiaries, including CPE LLC, prior to the Closing Date that will be owned and operated by CPE LLC following the Initial Public Offering (including the 50% interest through
CPE LLC's wholly-owned Subsidiary in the Decker mine), other than those terminated Intercompany Agreements as set forth in Section 2.1(a).
For the avoidance of doubt, the term "Acquired U.S. Coal Businesses" shall not include the business and operations relating to the Colowyo and Jacobs
Ranch mines, Sweetwater and L-Bar. 

        "Acquisition" is defined in the recitals to this Agreement. 

        "Acquisition Agreement" means the Acquisition Agreement dated as of the date hereof between RTEA and CPE, as the same may be amended,
restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. 

        "Action" means any suit, arbitration, inquiry, proceeding or investigation (whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or
informal) by or before any court, governmental or other regulatory or administrative agency or commission or any arbitration tribunal asserted by a Person. 

        "Additional Registration Statement" means the Rule 462(b) registration statement covering the registration of any offered
securities in the Initial Public Offering, as amended at its Effective Time, including the contents of the applicable Registration Statement incorporated by reference therein and including all 430A
Information and all 430C Information, that in any case has not then been superseded or modified. 

        "Additional Services" is defined in Section 8.5. 

        "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly "controlling," "controlled by" or "under common control
with" (within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act), such specified Person; provided,  however, that for purposes of the Transaction
Documents, except to the extent expressly provided otherwise the determination of whether a Person is an
Affiliate of another Person shall be made assuming that no member of the Rio Tinto Group is an Affiliate of any member of the Cloud Peak Group and vice versa;  provided, further, that, notwithstanding the foregoing, and except as otherwise expressly provided in
this Agreement, (i) no Member of CPE LLC shall be deemed an Affiliate of CPE LLC or its Subsidiaries, (ii) CPE LLC shall not be deemed an Affiliate of any Member,
(iii) no Member shall be deemed an Affiliate of any other Member solely by virtue of the ownership of Common Membership Units and (iv) no officer, director, manager or stockholder of any
Person shall be considered an Affiliate of such Person solely as a result of serving such capacity or being a stockholder of such Person. The foregoing
proviso shall also apply to any successor entities whether by merger, transfer of stock or assets or otherwise. For purposes of this Agreement, CPE shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of
CPE LLC. 

2

 

        "Agency Agreement" means the Agency Contract dated as of the date hereof by and between the Company and RTEA as the same may be amended,
restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. 

        "Agreement" is defined in the preamble to this Agreement. 

        "Applicable Materiality Threshold" is defined in Section 7.5. 

        "Applicable Time" means                        (Eastern time) on the date of the
Underwriting Agreement or Purchase Agreement, as applicable. 

        "Assets" means assets, properties and rights (including goodwill and rights arising under Contracts), wherever located (including in the
possession of vendors, other Persons or elsewhere), whether real, personal or mixed, tangible, intangible or contingent, in each case whether or not recorded or reflected or required to be recorded or
reflected on the books and records or financial statements of any Person. 

        "Auditor" means the independent registered public accountant of any Person. 

        "Business Day" means, except as otherwise provided with respect to the Corporate Reporting Data and the Corporate Reserves Data on  Schedule 7.1(a) and
Schedule 7.2(a), respectively, a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or
other day on which commercial banks in New York, New York are authorized or required by Law to close. 

        "Business Entity" means any corporation, general or limited partnership, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, trust,
unincorporated organization or other entity. 

        "Bylaws" is defined in Section 3.3. 

        "CERCLA" means Comprehensive, Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. § 9601 et seq., as
amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. 

        "Charter" is defined in Section 3.3. 

        "Claim" means any Action, proceeding, arbitration, suit (whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or informal), complaint,
charge or investigation pending or, to the Person's knowledge, threatened against the Person or any of its Representatives. 

        "Claim Notice" is defined in Section 6.5(a). 

        "Claimed Amount" is defined in Section 6.5(a). 

        "Closing" is defined in Section 3.1. 

        "Closing Date" is defined in Section 3.1. 

        "Closing Date Balance Sheet" is defined in Section 3.9(b)(ii)(A). 

        "Closing Date Working Capital" is defined in Section 3.9(b)(iv). 

        "Cloud Peak" means, collectively, CPE and CPE LLC. 

        "Cloud Peak Assets" means any and all Assets that are used or held for use in the Cloud Peak Business. 

        "Cloud Peak Auditors" is defined in Section 7.3(a). 

        "Cloud Peak Business" means (1) the businesses and operations of the Acquired U.S. Coal Businesses prior to the Closing Date and
(2) the business and operations conducted by the Cloud Peak Group after the Closing Date including, without limitation, the businesses and operations of the Acquired U.S. Coal Businesses. 

3

 

        "Cloud Peak Discontinued Business" means the businesses and operations and mining properties of RTEA (or any predecessor or subsidiary of
RTEA) that have been sold, discontinued or merged out of existence prior to the Closing Date (other than the Jacobs Ranch mine or the Retained U.S. Coal Business), including those businesses,
operations and mining assets set forth on Schedule B hereto. 

        "Cloud Peak Financing" means the revolving credit facility to be entered into by CPE LLC. 

        "Cloud Peak General Indemnities" is defined in Section 6.1(a). 

        "Cloud Peak Group" means CPE, CPE LLC and their respective Affiliates. 

        "Cloud Peak Indemnified Persons" means each member of the Cloud Peak Group and its respective Representatives. 

        "Cloud Peak Information" is defined in Section 7.4(d). 

        "Cloud Peak Liabilities" means the following: 

        (a)   any
and all Liabilities (whether actual or contingent) to the extent arising out of or relating to the Acquired U.S. Coal Businesses, the Cloud Peak Business or the
Cloud Peak Assets, in each case whether such Liabilities arise or accrue prior to, on or after the Closing Date (including whether or not relating to matters or conditions of the Acquired U.S. Coal
Businesses, the Cloud Peak Business or the Cloud Peak Assets existing prior to, on or after the Closing Date) whether or not included in clause (b) or (c) below; 

        (b)   any
and all Liabilities that are expressly listed, scheduled or otherwise described in any Transaction Document as Liabilities for which CPE, CPE LLC or any other
member of the Cloud Peak Group is to be responsible, including those set forth on Schedule C hereto; 

        (c)   any
and all Liabilities arising out of or relating to the Existing Surety Arrangements; 

        (d)   any
and all Liabilities of the Rio Tinto Group in respect of claims made by any member of the Cloud Peak Group under any Terminated RTEA Policy, except for any and all
Liabilities arising out of a claim by any officer, director or employee of CPE or CPE LLC under the Rio Tinto D&O Policy to the extent the circumstances giving rise to such claim occur prior to
the IPO Closing Date, or Three Crowns Policy; 

        (e)   any
and all Liabilities of the Cloud Peak Group set forth on Exhibit A arising out of or related to the Jacobs
Ranch Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, whether such Liabilities arise or accrue prior to, on or after the Closing Date; 

        (f)    any
and all Liabilities related to the Cloud Peak Discontinued Businesses; and 

        (g)   all
obligations of the Cloud Peak Group under or pursuant to this Agreement and any Transaction Document or any other instrument entered into in connection herewith or
therewith. 

For
the avoidance of doubt, the term "Cloud Peak Liabilities" shall include any and all Liabilities arising under CERCLA relating to the Acquired U.S. Coal Businesses but shall not include any
Liabilities relating to or arising from the Retained U.S. Coal Business (including (i) the business and operations of the Colowyo mine, Sweetwater and L-Bar, (ii) any
Liabilities for which RTA and RTEA expressly assume or retain responsibility under the Employee Matters Agreement and (iii) any and all Liabilities that are expressly listed on  Schedule D
hereto). 

        "Cloud Peak Notes" means the Senior Notes due 2016 and the Senior Notes due 2019, in each case, issued by CPE LLC. 

        "Cloud Peak Parties" means CPE and CPE LLC. 

4

 

        "Cloud Peak Promissory Note" means the $                         million Promissory
Note payable by CPE to RTEA, in the form attached hereto
as Exhibit B. 

        "Cloud Peak Public Filings" is defined in Section 7.4(c). 

        "Cloud Peak Special Indemnities" is defined in Section 6.1(b). 

        "Coal Business" is defined in the recitals to this Agreement. 

        "Common Stock" means the common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of CPE. 

        "Company" is defined in the preamble to this Agreement. 

        "Company Subsidiaries" is defined in the preamble to this Agreement. 

        "Competitive Business" is defined in Section 8.2(b)(iii). 

        "Concurrent Offerings" means any other public or private offerings of securities, including the Debt Offering, such offerings to be made
concurrently with the Initial Public Offering. 

        "Contract" means any contract, agreement, document, lease, license, sales order, purchase order, instrument or other commitment that is
binding on any Person or any part of its property under applicable Law. 

        "Controlling Party" is defined in Section 6.5(c)(ii). 

        "Corporate Reporting Data" means the submissions and data requirements as set forth in detail on  Schedule 7.1(a), as such schedule may be amended by the Rio
Tinto Group from time to time as set forth in  Section 7.1(a). 

        "Corporate Reserves Data" means the submissions and data requirements as set forth in detail on  Schedule 7.2(a), as such schedule may be amended by the Rio
Tinto Group from time to time as set forth in  Section 7.2(a). 

        "CPE" is defined in the preamble to this Agreement. 

        "CPE General Indemnity Amount" is defined in Section 6.1(c)(i). 

        "CPE LLC" is defined in the preamble to this Agreement. 

        "CPESC" means Cloud Peak Energy Services Company, a Delaware corporation. 

        "Debt Applicable Time" shall have the meaning ascribed to the term "Applicable Time" in the Purchase Agreement. 

        "Debt General Disclosure Package" shall have the meaning ascribed to the term "General Disclosure Package" in the Purchase Agreement. 

        "Debt Offering" means the offer and sale by CPE LLC of the Cloud Peak Notes. 

        "Debt Offering Memorandum" means the offering memorandum relating to the offering of the Cloud Peak Notes under Rule 144A of the
Securities Act. 

        "Debt Offering Closing Date" means the date and time of the closing of the Debt Offering. 

        "Disagreement Notice" is defined in Section 3.9(b)(iv). 

        "Disclosing Party" is defined in Section 4.2. 

        "Dispute" is defined in Section 9.10. 

        "Disputing Party" is defined in Section 9.10(a). 

        "Drawing Request" is defined in Section 2.2(b)(4). 

5

 

        "Effective Date" with respect to the IPO Registration Statement or, if filed prior to the execution and delivery of the Underwriting
Agreement, the Additional Registration Statement, means the date and time as of which such registration statement was declared effective by the SEC or has become effective upon filing pursuant to
Rule 462(c). If an Additional Registration Statement has not been filed prior to the execution and delivery of the Underwriting Agreement but CPE has advised the representatives that it
proposes to file one, "Effective Date" with respect to such Additional Registration Statement means the date and time as of which such Additional
Registration Statement is filed and becomes effective pursuant to Rule 462(b). 

        "Employee Matters Agreement" means the Employee Matters Agreement dated as of the date hereof between CPE, CPE LLC, Rio Tinto, Rio
Tinto Limited, RTA, RTEA and CPESC, as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. 

        "Equity General Disclosure Package" is defined in Section 2.5(c). 

        "Escrow Account" means the escrow account maintained at Sun Trust Bank (or with another successor Escrow Agent reasonably acceptable to
RTEA) that was established and is governed by the terms and conditions of the Escrow Agreement. 

        "Escrow Agent" means Sun Trust Bank, in its capacity as escrow agent under the Escrow Agreement, and any successor Escrow Agent reasonable
acceptable to RTEA. 

        "Escrow Agreement" means the Escrow Agreement dated as of the IPO Closing Date between CPE LLC, RTEA and SunTrust Bank, as the same
may be amended, restated, supplemented, replaced or otherwise modified from time to time. 

        "Estimated Closing Date Working Capital" is defined in Section 3.9(b)(i). 

        "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. 

        "Existing Authority" is defined in Section 8.6. 

        "Existing Surety Arrangements" is defined in Section 2.2(b)(2). 

        "Final Offering Memorandum" means the Debt Offering Memorandum that discloses the offering price of the Cloud Peak Notes. 

        "Final Prospectus" means the Statutory Prospectus included in a Registration Statement that discloses the public offering price, other
430A Information and other final terms of the offered securities and otherwise satisfies Section 10(a) of the Exchange Act. 

        "Financing Documents" means the financing documents related to the Cloud Peak Financing. 

        "Firm Public Offering Shares" means the Common Stock sold in the Initial Public Offering, other than Common Stock sold as a result of
exercise of the Over-Allotment Option by the Underwriters. 

        "GAAP" means United States generally accepted accounting principles. 

        "Good Faith Surety Bond Condition" means the occurrence of all of the following conditions: (i) CPE LLC shall have arranged
in good faith for the issuance of Replacement Surety Arrangements for all of the Existing Surety Arrangements on terms and conditions reasonably satisfactory to RTEA and shall have provided RTEA with
reasonably satisfactory evidence of completion of the foregoing on or prior to the 60th day after the IPO Closing Date, (ii) all such Replacement Surety Arrangements have
been
satisfactorily lodged and/or deposited with the relevant Governmental Authorities on or prior to the 60th day after the IPO Closing Date and (iii) the relevant Governmental
Authorities have not yet fully released RTEA or any member of the Rio Tinto Group from all obligations and liabilities under the Existing Surety Arrangements at such time. 

6

 

        "Good Faith Trigger Date" is defined in Section 2.5. 

        "Guarantor(s)" is defined in Section 6.2(a). 

        "Guaranty" is defined in Section 6.2(a). 

        "General Disclosure Package" means the Equity General Disclosure Package and the Debt General Disclosure Package. 

        "General Indemnity Amount" is defined in Section 6.1(b). 

        "General Use Issuer Free Writing Prospectus" means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to
prospective investors, as evidenced by its being so specified in Schedule B to the Underwriting Agreement. 

        "Governmental Approvals" means any notices, reports or other filings to be made, or any consents, registrations, approvals, permits or
authorizations to be obtained from, any Governmental Authority. 

        "Governmental Authority" means any United States federal, state or local or any foreign government, supranational, governmental,
regulatory or administrative authority, instrumentality, agency or commission, political subdivision, self-regulatory organization or any court, tribunal or judicial or arbitral body or
other governmental authority. 

        "Group" means either the Rio Tinto Group or the Cloud Peak Group, as the context requires. 

        "IFRS" means International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union. 

        "Indemnified Party" is defined in Section 6.5(a). 

        "Indemnified Person" means, as applicable, a Cloud Peak Indemnified Person or a RTEA Indemnified Person. 

        "Indemnifying Party" is defined in Section 6.5(a). 

        "Independent Accountants" is defined in Section 3.9(b)(v). 

        "Information" means information, whether or not patentable or copyrightable, in written, oral, electronic or other tangible or intangible
forms, stored in any medium, including studies, reports, records, books, contracts, instruments, surveys, discoveries, ideas, concepts, know-how, techniques, designs, specifications,
drawings, blueprints, diagrams, models, prototypes, samples, flow charts, data, computer data, disks, diskettes, tapes, geological information, computer programs or other software, marketing plans,
customer names, communications by or to attorneys (including attorney-client privileged communications), memoranda and other materials prepared by attorneys or under their direction (including
attorney work product), and other technical, financial, employee or business information or data. 

        "Initial Deposit" means $                        deposited by CPE LLC with the Escrow
Agent in the Escrow Account on the IPO Closing Date. 

        "Initial Public Offering" means the initial public offering registered under the Securities Act of the Common Stock of CPE. 

        "Initial Purchasers" means the several initial purchasers of the Concurrent Offering named in the Purchase Agreement. 

        "Initial Units" means the common membership units of CPE LLC issued and outstanding on the date hereof and as reflected on  Exhibit A to the LLC
Agreement as in effect on the date hereof. 

        "Initial Unrestricted Cash Position" is defined in Section 3.9(a). 

7

 

        "Insurance Proceeds" means those monies: (a) received by an insured from a Third Party Insurance Carrier; (b) paid by a
Third Party Insurance Carrier on behalf of the insured; or (c) received (including by way of set off) from any third party in the nature of insurance, contribution or indemnification in respect
of any Liability; in any such case net of applicable premium adjustments (including reserves and retrospectively rated premium adjustments) and net of any costs or expenses incurred in the collection
thereof. 

        "Intercompany Agreements" is defined in Section 2.1(a). 

        "IPO Closing Date" is defined in Section 3.9(a). 

        "IPO Registration Statement" means the registration statement on Form S-1 (SEC File No. 333-161293),
including the prospectus related thereto, filed by CPE with the SEC in connection with the Initial Public Offering, together with all amendments and supplements thereto. 

        "Issuer Free Writing Prospectus" means any "issuer free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act
relating to the shares of CPE Common Stock to be offered in any Concurrent Offering in the form filed or required to be filed with the SEC or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in
CPE's records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act. 

        "Issuing Bank" is defined in Section 2.2(b)(4). 

        "Jacobs Ranch Membership Interest Purchase Agreement" means the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement between Rio Tinto Sage LLC
and Arch Coal, Inc. dated as of March 8, 2009. 

        "JORC" means the Australian Joint Ore Reserves Committee. 

        "KMS" is defined in the recitals to this Agreement. 

        "Law" means any law (statutory, common or otherwise), constitution, ordinance, code, rule, regulation, executive order or other similar
authority enacted, adopted, promulgated or applied by any Governmental Authority, each as amended from time to time. 

        "Liability" means all damages, losses, liabilities or obligations, payments, amounts paid in settlement, obligations, fines, penalties,
costs of burdens associated with performing injunctive relief and other costs (including reasonable fees and expenses of outside attorneys, accountants and other professional advisors, and of expert
witnesses and other costs of investigation, preparation and litigation in connection with any action, appeal, petition, plea, charge, complaint, claim, suit, demand, litigation, arbitration,
mediation, hearing, inquiry, investigation or similar matter or proceeding) of any kind or nature whatsoever, whether known or unknown, asserted or unasserted, absolute, contingent or vested, accrued
or unaccrued, liquidated or unliquidated, or matured or unmatured. 

        "Limited Use Issuer Free Writing Prospectus" means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not a General Use Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus. 

        "LLC Act" means the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, 6 Del. C. §§ 18-101,  et seq., as it may be amended from time to time, and any successor
to such statute. 

        "LLC Agreement" is defined in the recitals to this Agreement. 

        "L-Bar" means the assets that are held within Sohio Western Mining Company, a Delaware corporation. 

        "Management Services Agreement" means the Management Services Agreement dated as of the date hereof by and between the Company and CPE, as
the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. 

        "Member" means each Person that is or becomes a member, as contemplated in the LLC Act, of CPE LLC in accordance with the
provisions of the LLC Agreement and is listed on Exhibit A to 

8

 

the LLC
Agreement (as such Exhibit may be amended or modified from time to time) and has not ceased to be a Member as provided in Section 3.1(d) of the LLC Agreement, and each of
such Member's transferees, if applicable. 

        "New York Courts" is defined in Section 9.6(b). 

        "Non-Compete Period" is defined in Section 8.2. 

        "Non-Controlling Party" is defined in Section 6.5(c)(ii). 

        "Offering Closing Date" means the date and time of the closing of each of the Initial Public Offering, including the closing for the
Over-Allotment Option, if any, and the Concurrent Offering. 

        "Over-Allotment Option" means the over-allotment option that may be exercised by the Underwriters of the Initial
Public Offering pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement relating to the Initial Public Offering. 

        "Owning Party" is defined in Section 4.2. 

        "Party" or "Parties" is defined in the preamble to this Agreement. 

        "Person" means any individual or Business Entity. 

        "Powder River Basin" means the coal producing area located in northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana, as shown generally on the map
attached as Exhibit C. 

        "Preliminary Closing Date Working Capital" is defined in Section 3.9(b)(ii). 

        "Preliminary Working Capital Adjustment" is defined in Section 3.9(b)(ii). 

        "Privilege" is defined in Section 7.14(a). 

        "Proceeding" means: (i) any past, present or future suit, countersuit, action, arbitration, mediation, alternative dispute
resolution process, claim, counterclaim, demand, proceeding; (ii) any inquiry, proceeding or investigation by or before any Governmental Authority; or (iii) any arbitration or mediation
tribunal. 

        "Purchase Agreement" means the Purchase Agreement to be entered into by and between CPE LLC and the Initial Purchasers in
connection with the offering of the Cloud Peak Notes in the Concurrent Offering. 

        "Registration Indemnified Parties" is defined in Section 6.4(a)(i). 

        "Registration Rights Agreement" means the Registration Rights Agreement dated as of the date hereof between RTEA, KMS, CPE and
CPE LLC, as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. 

        "Registration Statement" means the IPO Registration Statement, including the Statutory Prospectus, Final Prospectus and any Issuer Free
Writing Prospectus related thereto, amendments and supplements to such Registration Statement, including post-effective amendments, all exhibits and all materials incorporated by reference
in such Registration Statement, Statutory Prospectus, Final Prospectus or Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. 

        "Rejected Replacement Surety Arrangements" means, if CPE LLC lodges/and or deposits Replacement Surety Arrangements in connection
with the satisfaction of the Good Faith Surety Bond Condition, those Replacement Surety Arrangements that are rejected as being inadequate for any reason by the relevant Government Authority at any
time. 

        "Release Notice" is defined in Section 2.2(b)(2). 

        "Replacement Letter of Credit" is defined in Section 2.2(b)(4). 

9

 

        "Replacement Surety Bonds" is defined in Section 2.2(b)(1). 

        "Report" is defined in Section 3.9(b)(iv). 

        "Representatives" means, with respect to any Person, any of such Person's directors, officers, members, partners, managers and employees. 

        "Restricted Cash" is defined in Section 2.2(b)(1). 

        "Retained U.S. Coal Business" means the Colowyo mine, Sweetwater and L-Bar to be retained by the Rio Tinto Group in connection
with the Initial Public Offering. 

        "Rio Tinto" means Rio Tinto plc, a public limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales. 

        "Rio Tinto Annual Report" means the Rio Tinto Annual Report and related financial statements prepared on an annual basis for the most
recently completed fiscal year. 

        "Rio Tinto Auditors" is defined in Section 7.3(a). 

        "Rio Tinto D&O Policy" is defined in Section 2.1(a). 

        "Rio Tinto Group" means RTEA, KMS and their respective Affiliates, including RTA. 

        "Rio Tinto Limited" means Rio Tinto Limited, an Australian corporation. 

        "Rio Tinto Parties" means RTEA and KMS. 

        "Rio Tinto Public Filings" is defined in Section 7.5. 

        "RTA" is defined in the preamble to this Agreement. 

        "RTEA" is defined in the preamble to this Agreement. 

        "RTEA Coal Supply Agreement" means the Rio Tinto Energy America Coal Supply Agreement dated as of the date hereof by and between the
Company and RTEA as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. 

        "RTEA Exposure Amount" is defined in Section 2.2(b)(3). 

        "RTEA Fee" is defined in Section 2.2(b)(3). 

        "RTEA Indemnified Persons" means each member of the Rio Tinto Group and its respective Representatives. 

        "RTEA L/C" is defined in Section 2.2(b)(4). 

        "RTEA LC Amount" is defined in Section 2.2(b)(4). 

        "RTEA L/C Reduction Notice" is defined in Section 2.2(b)(4). 

        "RTEA Liabilities" means (i) any and all Liabilities to the extent arising out of or relating to the Retained U.S. Coal Business,
whether such Liabilities arise or accrue prior to, on or after the Closing
Date, (ii) any and all Liabilities of the Rio Tinto Group set forth on Exhibit A arising out of or relating to the Jacobs Ranch Membership
Interest Purchase Agreement, whether such Liabilities arise or accrue prior to, on or after the Closing Date, and (iii) any and all Liabilities that are expressly listed on  Schedule D hereto.

        "SEC" means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 

        "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. 

10

 

        "Software License Agreement" means the Software License Agreement dated as of the date hereof between RTEA and CPE LLC, as the same
may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. 

        "Statutory Prospectus" with reference to a particular time means the prospectus included in a Registration Statement immediately prior to
that time, including any 430A Information or 430C Information with respect to such Registration Statement. For purposes of the foregoing definition, 430A Information shall be considered to be included
in the Statutory Prospectus as of the actual time that form of prospectus is filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) or Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act and not retroactively. 

        "Structuring Transactions" is defined in the recitals to this Agreement. 

        "Subsidiary" of any Person means another Business Entity that is directly or indirectly controlled by such Person. As used herein,
"control" means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Business Entity, whether through ownership of voting
securities or other interests, by contract or otherwise. For purposes of this Agreement, CPE LLC shall be deemed to be a Subsidiary of RTEA prior to the Closing Date and shall be deemed to be a
Subsidiary of Cloud Peak as of and from the Closing Date. 

        "Sweetwater" means the uranium mining venture being retained by the Rio Tinto Group in connection with the Initial Public Offering. 

        "Tax" means all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign taxes, assessments or similar charges measured with respect to net income or
profits and any interest related to such Tax. 

        "Tax Receivable Agreement" means the Tax Receivable Agreement dated as of the date hereof among RTEA and CPE, as the same may be amended,
restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. 

        "Terminated RTEA Policies" is defined in Section 2.1(a). 

        "Third Party Claim" is defined in Section 6.5(c)(i). 

        "Third Party Insurance Carrier" means any insurance provider other than a Person's captive insurer. 

        "Three Crowns Policies" is defined in Section 2.3. 

        "Trademark Assignment Agreement" means the Trademark Assignment Agreement dated as of the date hereof by and between RTEA and the Company,
as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. 

        "Trademark Licence Agreement" means the Trademark License Agreement dated as of the date hereof between RTEA and CPE LLC. 

        "Transaction Documents" is defined in Section 3.2. 

        "Transactions" means, collectively, (i) the Structuring Transactions, (ii) the Initial Public Offering and the Concurrent
Offerings, (iii) any other debt financing to be undertaken by Cloud Peak, including the Cloud Peak Financing, and (iv) all other transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any
Transaction Document. 

        "Transfer Documents" is defined in Section 3.4. 

        "Transition Services Agreement" means the Transition Services Agreement dated as of the date hereof between Rio Tinto
Services Inc., CPE and CPE LLC, as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. 

11

 

        "Underwriters" means the several underwriters of the Initial Public Offering named in the Underwriting Agreement. 

        "Underwriting Agreement" means the underwriting agreement entered into among CPE and the Underwriters for the Initial Public Offering. 

        "Working Capital Adjustment" is defined in Section 3.9(b)(vii). 

        1.2.    Construction.    The Parties have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting
of this Agreement. If an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the Parties and no presumption or burden of proof shall
arise favoring or disfavoring any Party because of the authorship of any provision of this Agreement. Any reference to any federal, state, provincial, local or foreign law shall be deemed also to
refer to such law as amended and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, unless the context requires otherwise. Any reference to any contract or agreement (including schedules, exhibits and
other attachments thereto), including this Agreement, shall be deemed also to refer to such contract or agreement as amended, restated or otherwise modified, unless the context requires otherwise. The
words "include," "includes" and "including" shall be deemed to be followed by "without limitation." Pronouns in masculine, feminine and neuter genders shall be construed to include any other gender,
and words in the singular form shall be construed to include the plural and vice versa, unless the context requires otherwise. The words "this Agreement," "herein," "hereof," "hereby," "hereunder" and
words of similar import refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular subdivision unless expressly so limited. Where this Agreement states that a Party "will" or "shall" perform in some
manner or otherwise act or omit to act, it means that such Party is legally obligated to do so in accordance with this Agreement. The captions, titles and headings included in this Agreement are for
convenience only and do not affect this Agreement's construction or interpretation. Any reference to an Article, Section or Schedule in this Agreement shall refer to an Article or Section of, or
Schedule to, this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires. This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties (and, solely for purposes of  Article VI, RTEA Indemnified Persons and Cloud
Peak Indemnified Persons) and does not, and is not intended to, confer any rights or remedies in
favor of any Person (including any employee or shareholder or equity owner of RTEA or Cloud Peak) other than the Parties. Exhibit A and the
schedules identified in this Agreement are incorporated herein by reference and made part hereof. 

12

 

 

 
 

  ARTICLE II
  STRUCTURING AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS    
    

        2.1.    Termination of Intercompany Agreements.    

        (a)   Except
as set forth in clauses (b) and (c) of this Section 2.1, and in  Section 2.2, the Cloud Peak Parties and each other member of the Cloud
Peak Group, on the one hand, and the Rio Tinto Parties and each other
member of the Rio Tinto Group, on the other hand, hereby (i) terminate any and all agreements, Contracts, arrangements, commitments or understandings, whether or not in writing, between or
among CPE, CPE LLC or any other member of the Cloud Peak Group, on the one hand, and RTEA, KMS or any other member of the Rio Tinto Group, on the other hand, effective as of the Closing Date,
(ii) cancel any outstanding indebtedness for borrowed money payable by (x) any member of the Cloud Peak Group to any member of the Rio Tinto Group or (y) any member of the Rio
Tinto Group to any member of the Cloud Peak Group and (ii) terminate the coverage with respect to (A) CPE under any and all insurance policies of RTEA or any member of the Rio Tinto
Group, whether from Third Party Insurance Carries or any captive insurance carried and (B) CPE LLC and any other member of the Cloud Peak Group or their Representatives under any and all
automobile, directors and officers and worker's compensation insurance policies of RTEA or any member of the Rio Tinto Group, whether from Third Party Insurance Carriers or any captive insurance
carrier ((A) and (B), collectively, the "Terminated RTEA Policies") and with respect to CPE, CPE LLC or any member of the Cloud Peak Group or
their Representatives such Terminated RTEA Policies shall be deemed to be cancelled and CPE and CPE LLC for themselves and any other members of the Cloud Peak Group hereby waive any and all
right to make a claim from and after the Closing Date under any such Terminated RTEA Policy (irrespective of whether the circumstances giving rise to such claim occurred prior to the Closing Date);  provided, however, that (x) the termination of coverage for directors, officers and employees of
CPE and CPE LLC under the Rio Tinto Directors' and Officers' Liability and Corporate Liability Insurance (the "Rio Tinto D&O Policy") shall be
effective upon the IPO Closing Date, (y) the termination of such coverage shall not apply to the extent the circumstances
giving rise to a claim occurred prior to the IPO Closing Date and (z) no right of any officer, director or employee to make a claim under such coverage in effect prior to the IPO Closing Date
is waived hereby ((i), (ii) and (iii) collectively, the "Intercompany Agreements"), including, but not limited to those Intercompany
Agreements set forth on Schedule 2.1(a). No such terminated agreement, arrangement, commitment or understanding (including any provision thereof
which purports to survive termination) shall be of any further force or effect after the Closing Date, and no member of the Cloud Peak Group or any of its Representatives shall be entitled to recovery
of any amounts under the Terminated RTEA Policies after the Closing Date (including for any claims or occurrences arising prior to the Closing Date and for which a claim under such Terminated RTEA
Policies had not been made prior to the Closing Date). Each Party shall, at the reasonable request of the other Party or Parties, take, or cause to be taken, such other actions as may be necessary to
effect the foregoing. 

        (b)   The
provisions of Section 2.1(a) shall not apply to any of the following agreements, arrangements, commitments or
understandings (or to any of the provisions thereof): 

          (i)  this
Agreement, including Exhibit A and the schedules hereto, and the other Transaction Documents (and each other
agreement or instrument expressly contemplated by this Agreement or any other Transaction Documents to be entered into or continued by any of the Parties hereto or any of the members of their
respective Groups); 

         (ii)  the
agreements, arrangements, commitments and understandings listed or described on Schedule 2.1(b)(ii); 

13

 

        (iii)  any
agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings to which any non-wholly owned Subsidiary of the Parties is a party, (it being understood that
directors' qualifying shares or similar interests will be disregarded for purposes of determining whether a Subsidiary is wholly owned); and 

        (iv)  any
other agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings that this Agreement or any other Transaction Document expressly contemplates will survive the Closing
Date. 

        (c)   Notwithstanding
Section 2.1(a), (i) any outstanding purchase orders or other purchase commitments under any
of the agreements set forth on Schedule 2.1(c) as of the Closing Date shall continue to be in effect after the Closing Date and (ii) any
rights, obligations or privileges in respect of such purchase
orders or commitments under any such agreements shall not terminate but shall continue in full force and effect after the Closing Date. 

        2.2.    Continuance of Surety Bonds.    

        (a)   Notwithstanding
Section 2.1(a), the existing surety bonds, letters of credit and other guarantees or credit
arrangements of RTEA or any other member of the Rio Tinto Group with respect to the surety bonds, workmen compensation obligations or to secure the reclamation obligations for the Cloud Peak Business
(as further described on Schedule 2.2 hereto, the "Existing Surety Arrangements") shall not
terminate, but will continue following the Closing Date as set forth in this Section 2.2. Subject to the provisions of clause (b) of this  Section 2.2, the Cloud Peak Parties hereby agree to use their commercially reasonable efforts to obtain new surety bonds, letters of credit or
other credit arrangements in support of the Cloud Peak Business and to obtain a full release of RTEA and any other member of the Rio Tinto Group from any and all liability and obligations with respect
to such Existing Surety Arrangements, letters of credit and other guarantees or credit arrangements with respect to such Existing Surety Arrangements. Without limiting the foregoing, following the
Closing Date, CPE LLC hereby undertakes, assumes and agrees to perform, pay and discharge all such Existing Surety Arrangements until such time as they are released, including any and all costs
in respect of the Existing Surety Arrangements (including any calls against any letters of credit or similar arrangements). The Cloud Peak Parties hereby acknowledge that, in using their commercially
reasonably efforts to obtain new surety bonds, letters of credit or other credit arrangements in support of the Cloud Peak Business, such new bonds, letters of credit or other credit arrangements may
be more expensive than the corresponding arrangements under the Existing Surety Arrangements. 

        (b)   Notwithstanding  Section 2.2(a), (1) the Cloud Peak Parties hereby acknowledge that certain of the Existing
Surety
Arrangements are collateralized by guarantees by members of the Rio Tinto Group and/or letters of credit issued by members of the Rio Tinto Group. On the IPO Closing Date, the Cloud Peak Parties
hereby agree to enter into the Escrow Agreement, pursuant to which $                         million (the "Restricted Cash") will be placed in escrow for
the benefit of the Rio Tinto Group with respect to the Existing Surety Arrangements. The Restricted Cash Amount shall be released from time to time to CPE LLC pursuant to the terms of this  Section 2.2 as the Existing Surety Arrangements are replaced with new surety bonds, letters of credit or other credit arrangements (the
"Replacement Surety Arrangements") in amounts, as needed, to secure such Replacement Surety Arrangements. The Escrow Agreement and Escrow Account shall
remain in full force and effect until the later of (x) such time as all Existing Surety Arrangements have been replaced with Replacement Surety Arrangements and (y) no cash or any
investments remain in the Escrow Account. On the 120th day after the IPO Closing Date, in the event that (x) any Existing Surety Arrangements remain outstanding and
(y) any amounts remain in the Escrow Account, CPE LLC shall promptly (but in any event within five (5) Business Days of such date) grant a perfected first priority security
interest in the Escrow Account and all cash and assets in or otherwise credited to the Escrow Account to RTEA for its benefit and the benefit of the Rio Tinto 

14

 

Group
to secure all of CPE LLC's obligations under this Section 2.2 and any related indemnification obligations under  Section 6.1, on terms and
conditions reasonably acceptable to RTEA. 

        (2)   Funds
shall be released from the Escrow Account solely upon the written instruction of RTEA (and without any other term, condition or instruction from CPE LLC) to
the Escrow Agent under the Escrow Agreement for the purpose of (x) releasing funds to a surety bond provider for a Replacement Surety Arrangement, (y) releasing funds to CPE LLC
in connection with the deposit by CPE LLC of unrestricted cash into an escrow account or otherwise for the benefit of a surety bond provider in connection with collateralizing a Replacement
Surety Arrangement or (z) releasing funds to RTEA in order for RTEA or any member of the Rio Tinto Group to satisfy any obligations that have come due and payable under the Existing Surety
Arrangements (the "Existing Surety Arrangement Obligations"). In order to release funds for a Replacement Surety Arrangement, CPE LLC shall
submit a written request (a "Release Notice") to RTEA identifying in reasonable detail: (i) the amount to be released from the Escrow Account,
which in any event, shall be equal to the amount that is either required by such surety bond provider in respect of any such Replacement Surety Arrangement or the actual amount expended by
CPE LLC in connection with collateralizing such Replacement Surety Arrangement (ii)(a) the name and account information of the surety bond provider to which funds should be transferred for such
Replacement Surety Arrangement or (b) the name and account information for CPE LLC to which funds should be transferred to reimburse CPE LLC for the amount of unrestricted cash
that CPE LLC has deposited in an escrow account or otherwise deposited with a surety bond provider in connection with a Replacement Surety Arrangement, (iii) the proposed date of the
transfer of such funds (which shall be no earlier than three (3) Business Days after the date of such notice) and (iv) a representation and warranty that CPE LLC has satisfied all
of the relevant collateral requirements for each surety bond provider, letter of credit issuer or other existing surety arrangement provider that is, as of such date, providing a Replacement Surety
Arrangement, that such funds are being solely used in connection with such Replacement Surety Arrangements and that it has otherwise complied with the requirements of this  Section 2.2. Upon
satisfaction by CPE LLC of the terms and conditions of the immediately foregoing sentence, RTEA shall provide written
instruction to the Escrow Agreement, with a copy to CPE LLC, in accordance with the Escrow Agreement, to release the funds requested by CPE LLC in the Release Notice to the account
designated in such Release Notice. In the event that any Existing Surety Arrangement Obligations become due and owing, RTEA shall submit a written instruction, with a copy to CPE LLC,
instructing the Escrow Agent to release funds to RTEA for its own benefit and/or the benefit of the relevant Rio Tinto Group member in amounts necessary to satisfy the Existing Surety Arrangement
Obligations. 

        (3)   If
all the Existing Surety Arrangements are not replaced with Replacement Surety Bonds and RTEA and members of the Rio
Tinto Group are not fully released from liability under all such Existing Surety Arrangements within 120 days following the IPO Closing Date (the "Trigger
Date"), a monthly fee shall be payable to RTEA in an amount equal to 4% per annum (the "RTEA Fee") of (x) 40% of the
total face amount of all Existing Surety Arrangements (other than the Existing Surety Arrangements identified on Schedule 2.2 as "Decker
Collateral LC (for Travelers)" and "Decker Reclamation Trust (US Bank National Association)") and (y) 100% of the total face amount of the Existing Surety Arrangements identified on  Schedule 2.2 as "Decker Collateral LC (for Travelers)" and "Decker Reclamation Trust (US Bank National Association)"; in each case not released
and then still outstanding as of the beginning of each month (such amount, at any time of determination, being the "RTEA Exposure Amount");  provided,
 however, that, except as otherwise provided pursuant to  Section 2.2(b)(4) below, if the Good Faith Surety Bond Condition occurs, no RTEA Fee shall
 

15

 

be
due and payable on the RTEA Exposure Amount then in effect. In the event that the Trigger Date occurs, the RTEA Fee on the RTEA Exposure Amount then in effect on the Trigger Date shall begin
to accrue at such time. The RTEA Fee shall be due and payable to RTEA monthly and calculated on the average outstanding RTEA Exposure Amount during such month. 

        (4)   In
the event that the Good Faith Surety Bond Condition is satisfied but some or all of the Replacement Surety Arrangements are Rejected Replacement Surety Arrangements,
then if the Existing Surety Arrangements are not replaced with Replacement Surety Bonds and RTEA and members of the Rio Tinto Group are not fully
released from liability under such Existing Surety Arrangements within 180 days following the IPO Closing Date (the "Good Faith Trigger Date"), a
monthly fee shall be payable to RTEA in an amount equal to 4% per annum (the "Rejected RTEA Fee") of (x) 40% of the total face amount of all
Rejected Replacement Surety Arrangements (other than the Existing Surety Arrangements identified on Schedule 2.2 as "Decker Collateral LC (for
Travelers)" and "Decker Reclamation Trust (US Bank National Association)") and (y) 100% of the total face amount of all Rejected Surety Arrangements identified on  Schedule 2.2 as "Decker
Collateral LC (for Travelers)" and "Decker Reclamation Trust (US Bank National Association)"; in each case not released
and then still outstanding as of the beginning of each month (such amount, at any time of determination, being the "Rejected RTEA Exposure Amount"). The
Rejected RTEA Fee on the Rejected RTEA Exposure Amount then in effect on the Good Faith Trigger Date shall begin to accrue at such time. The Rejected RTEA Fee shall be due and payable to RTEA monthly
and calculated on the average outstanding Rejected RTEA Exposure Amount during such month. 

        (5)(a)  In
addition to the RTEA Fees payable pursuant to Section 2.2(b)(3) and Section 2.2(b)(4) above, if the Trigger Date occurs, CPE LLC shall
promptly (but in any event within five (5) Business Days of the Trigger Date) arrange for the issuance of a letter of credit (the "RTEA L/C") for
the benefit of RTEA (for its benefit and the benefit of the members of the Rio Tinto Group) in an amount equal to the RTEA Exposure Amount (calculated as of the date of issuance of the RTEA L/C,  less
the amount of cash then credited to the Escrow Account (the "RTEA LC Amount");  provided, however that
if the Good Faith Surety Bond Condition occurs and all the Existing Surety
Arrangements are not replaced with Replacement Surety Bonds and RTEA and members of the Rio Tinto Group are not fully released from liability under all such Existing Surety Arrangements within
180 days following the IPO Closing Date, CPE LLC shall promptly (but in any event within five (5) Business Days of the Good Faith Trigger Date) arrange for the issuance of the
RTEA L/C. Drawings shall be made under the RTEA L/C solely upon the submission by RTEA of a drawing certificate to the issuing bank (the "Issuing Bank")
that issued the RTEA L/C (and without any other term, condition or instruction from CPE LLC). The RTEA L/C and any replacement letter of credit therefor shall remain in place for the benefit of
RTEA (for its benefit and the benefit of the members of the Rio Tinto Group) for so long as any Existing Surety Arrangements remain outstanding. In the event that any Existing Surety Arrangement
Obligations become due and owing, RTEA shall be entitled to submit a drawing certificate to the Issuing Bank (and without any other term, condition or instruction from CPE LLC) to draw funds
under the RTEA L/C (a "Drawing Request") for its own benefit and/or the benefit of the relevant Rio Tinto Group member in amounts necessary to satisfy
the Existing Surety Arrangement Obligations that are then due and owing. Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2.2 to the contrary, RTEA shall
be entitled to elect in its sole discretion whether to make a Release Request pursuant to clause (2) above or a Drawing Request pursuant to this clause (3) in respect of satisfying any
Existing Surety Arrangement Obligation. 

16

 

        (5)(b)  In
the event that on any date after the issuance of the RTEA L/C, CPE LLC has arranged for the replacement of one or more of the Replacement Surety
Arrangements by providing for the issuance of one or more letter of credits (each a "Replacement Letter of Credit") in support of the relevant surety
bond providers, CPE LLC shall submit a reasonably detailed written notice (each an "RTEA L/C Reduction Notice") to RTEA setting forth:
(i) the amount of each Replacement Letter of Credit that has been issued on such date, (ii) a copy of each such Replacement Letter of Credit and (iii) a representation and
warranty that CPE LLC has satisfied all of the relevant collateral requirements for each surety bond provider, letter of credit issuer or other existing surety arrangement provider that is as
of such date providing a Replacement Surety Arrangement and has otherwise complied with the requirements of this Section 2.2. Upon satisfaction
of the conditions in the immediately foregoing sentence, RTEA shall promptly (but in any event within five (5) Business Days of the date of receipt of such RTEA L/C Reduction Notice) submit a
written notice to the Issuing Bank requesting that the amounts available to be drawn under the RTEA L/C be reduced by an amount equal to the face amount of each Replacement Letter of Credit referenced
in such RTEA L/C Reduction Notice. 

        (c)   CPE LLC
and any other member of the Cloud Peak Group shall indemnify and hold harmless RTEA or any other member of the Rio Tinto Group and each RTEA Indemnified
Person with respect to any and all Liabilities arising out of or relating to any such Existing Surety Arrangements as set forth in  Section 6.1(b)(iii). 

        2.3.    Continuance of Insurance.    Notwithstanding  Section 2.1(a), the existing insurance policies of CPE LLC
under the Rio Tinto Group's captive insurance carrier set forth on  Schedule 2.3 (the "Three Crowns Policies") shall not terminate, but will
continue following the
Closing Date until the applicable expiration date for such policy as set forth on Schedule 2.3, unless earlier terminated by the applicable
member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group upon at least sixty (60) days prior written notice to CPE LLC. Upon the expiration of the applicable policies (or the termination, if earlier terminated
by the Rio Tinto Group), such policy shall be deemed to be cancelled and CPE LLC for itself and any other members of the Cloud Peak Group hereby waive any and all right to make a claim from and
after such expiration date (or termination date, if applicable) (irrespective of whether the circumstances giving rise to such claim occurred prior to the expiration date (or termination date, if
applicable)). CPE LLC hereby agrees to pay any applicable deductibles or other payments following the Closing Date with respect to the Three Crowns Policies. For the avoidance of doubt, the
insurance policies of CPE under the Rio Tinto Group's captive insurance carrier shall terminate effective as of the Closing Date pursuant to  Section 2.1(a). 

        2.4.    Jacobs Ranch Matters.    

        (a)   Exhibit A hereto sets forth the rights, obligations and Liabilities of RTEA that have been assigned to RTEA by
CPE LLC with respect to the Jacobs Ranch Membership Interest Purchase Agreement. The
Parties hereto agree to comply, and agree to cause the respective members of their Group to comply, with the terms of Exhibit A. 

        (b)   Without
limiting the provisions of Section 8.1 of this Agreement, the Cloud Peak Parties agree to, and will cause
the members of the Cloud Peak Group to, fully and promptly cooperate with the Rio Tinto Parties, and any member of the Rio Tinto Group, with respect to the matters contemplated in  Exhibit A,
including any obligations of RTEA set forth therein. The Cloud Peak Parties further agree to execute and deliver, and will cause the
members of the Cloud Peak Group to execute and deliver, such documents and instruments, assist in obtaining any necessary approvals and take such other action as may be necessary or advisable,
including actions that are not expressly provided for, in furtherance of the Jacobs Ranch Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, Exhibit A and
the rights, obligations and agreements contemplated therein. In addition, the Cloud Peak Parties agree to, (i) upon the reasonable request of any member of the Rio Tinto 

17

 

Group,
provide any member of the Rio Tinto Group access to all relevant accounting, land management and other records and compilations of data related to the Jacobs Ranch mine and (ii) for a
period of two years following the date hereof, provide to the Rio Tinto Group copies of any documents or information related to the Jacobs Ranch Mine which are subject to attorney-client privilege or
attorney work product in such a manner as directed by the Rio Tinto Parties to protect the attorney-client privilege. 

        2.5.    Representations and Warranties of CPE.    CPE and CPE LLC (including the
Subsidiaries listed on Schedule A hereto) hereby represent and warrant, on a joint and several basis, to RTEA that: 

        (a)   on
its date, at the time of filing of the Final Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) or (if no such filing is required) at the Effective Date of the Additional
Registration Statement in which the Final Prospectus is included, and on each Offering Closing Date, the Final Prospectus will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; 

        (b)   on
its date and on the Debt Offering Closing Date, the Final Offering Memorandum will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; 

        (c)   as
of the Applicable Time, neither (i) the General Use Issuer Free Writing Prospectus(es) issued at or prior to the Applicable Time and the preliminary
prospectus, dated                                    , 2009 (which is
the most recent Statutory Prospectus distributed to investors generally) and the other information, if any, stated in  Schedule C to the Underwriting Agreement, all considered together (collectively,
 the "Equity General Disclosure
Package"), nor (ii) any individual Limited Use Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, when considered together with the Equity General Disclosure Package, included any untrue
statement of a
material fact or omitted to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; 

        (d)   as
of the Debt Applicable Time, neither (i) the Debt General Disclosure Package, nor any individual Supplemental Marketing Material (as such term is defined in
the Purchase Agreement), when considered together with the Debt General Disclosure Package, will include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order
to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading; 

        (e)   the
information required to be delivered to prospective purchasers of the Cloud Peak Notes in accordance with Rule 144A(d)(4) does not include any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and 

        (f)    the
representations and warranties contained in the Underwriting Agreement and the Purchase Agreement, as of the date thereof and as of the Closing Date, are and will be
true and correct. 

Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the preceding clauses (a) through (e) of this Section 2.5 do not apply to statements in or omissions
from any such document that relate exclusively to Rio Tinto and as set forth on Schedule 2.5. 

        2.6.    DISCLAIMER OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.    EACH OF CPE AND CPE LLC (ON
BEHALF OF THEMSELVES AND EACH MEMBER OF THE CLOUD PEAK GROUP) AND RTEA AND KMS (ON BEHALF OF THEMSELVES AND EACH MEMBER OF THE RTEA GROUP) UNDERSTANDS AND AGREES THAT, EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH
HEREIN OR IN ANY TRANSACTION DOCUMENT, NO PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT, ANY TRANSACTION DOCUMENT OR ANY OTHER AGREEMENT OR 

18

 

DOCUMENT
CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT, ANY TRANSACTION DOCUMENT OR OTHERWISE, IS REPRESENTING OR WARRANTING IN ANY WAY AS TO THE ASSETS, BUSINESSES OR LIABILITIES ACQUIRED AS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR
THEREBY AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY FOR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. EXCEPT AS MAY EXPRESSLY BE SET FORTH HEREIN OR IN ANY TRANSACTION DOCUMENT, ALL SUCH ASSETS ARE
BEING ACQUIRED ON AN "AS IS," "WHERE IS" BASIS (AND, IN THE CASE OF ANY REAL PROPERTY, BY MEANS OF A QUITCLAIM OR SIMILAR FORM DEED OR CONVEYANCE) AND THE RESPECTIVE ACQUIRORS SHALL BEAR THE ECONOMIC
AND LEGAL RISKS THAT (I) ANY CONVEYANCE SHALL PROVE TO BE INSUFFICIENT TO VEST IN THE ACQUIROR GOOD TITLE, FREE AND CLEAR OF ANY SECURITY INTEREST OR OTHER ENCUMBRANCE AND (II) ANY
NECESSARY CONSENTS OR GOVERNMENTAL APPROVALS ARE NOT
OBTAINED OR THAT ANY REQUIREMENTS OF LAWS OR JUDGMENTS ARE NOT COMPLIED WITH. 

        2.7.    Delivery of Cloud Peak Reliance Letter.    On each Offering Closing Date, the officers
of CPE shall deliver a reliance letter providing that the Rio Tinto Parties may rely on any and all closing certificates delivered to the Underwriters and/or the Initial Purchasers, as applicable, to
the same extent as if directly addressed to the Rio Tinto Parties. 

 
 

  ARTICLE III
  INTERCOMPANY TRANSACTIONS AS OF THE CLOSING DATE    
    

        3.1.    Time and Place of Closing.    Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement,
all transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be consummated at a closing (the "Closing") to be held at the offices of Fried, Frank, Harris,
Shriver & Jacobson LLP, One New York Plaza, New York, New York 10004, at 10:00 a.m. EST, on the date on which (and after) the Underwriting Agreement is executed and delivered by
each of the parties thereto or at such other place or at such other time or on such other date as RTEA, KMS, CPE and CPE LLC may mutually agree upon in writing (the day on which the Closing
takes place being the "Closing Date"). 

        3.2.    Closing Transactions.    In each case subject to  Section 3.7 after the execution and delivery of the
Underwriting Agreement by all parties thereto, at the Closing (except with respect to the
Escrow Agreement which shall be entered into on the IPO Closing Date) the appropriate Parties hereto shall enter into, and (as necessary) shall cause their respective Subsidiaries and/or Affiliates to
enter into, the agreements set forth below (collectively, the "Transaction Documents"): 

          (i)  this
Agreement; 

         (ii)  the
Acquisition Agreement; 

        (iii)  the
Agency Agreement; 

        (iv)  the
Cloud Peak Promissory Note; 

         (v)  the
Employee Matters Agreement; 

        (vi)  the
Escrow Agreement; 

       (vii)  the LLC
Agreement; 

      (viii)  the
Management Services Agreement; 

        (ix)  the
Registration Rights Agreement; 

         (x)  the
RTEA Coal Supply Agreement; 

        (xi)  the
Software License Agreement; 

19

 

       (xii)  the
Tax Receivable Agreement; 

      (xiii)  the
Trademark Assignment Agreement; 

      (xiv)  the
Trademark Licence Agreement; and 

       (xv)  the
Transition Services Agreement. 

        3.3.    Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated
Bylaws.    At or prior to the Closing, RTEA and CPE shall each take all necessary actions that may be required to provide for the
adoption by CPE of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of CPE in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D (the
"Charter"), and the Amended and Restated Bylaws of CPE in the form attached hereto as Exhibit E
(the "Bylaws"). 

        3.4.    Transfers of Assets and Assumption of Liabilities.    On the Closing Date
(i) the Rio Tinto Parties shall execute and deliver such stock certificates and related, stock powers, and any other instruments of transfer, conveyance and assignment as and to the extent
necessary to evidence the Structuring Transactions and (ii) CPE LLC shall execute and deliver such assumptions of contracts and other instruments of assumption as and to the extent
necessary to evidence the valid and effective assumption of the Cloud Peak Liabilities by CPE LLC. All of the foregoing documents contemplated by this  Section 3.4 shall be referred to
collectively herein as the "Transfer Documents." 

        3.5.    The Initial Public Offering, the Concurrent Offering and the Cloud Peak
Financing.    The Cloud Peak Parties shall consult with, and cooperate in all respects with, RTEA and its Affiliates in connection with the Transactions and, at the
request of RTEA, promptly take any and all actions necessary or desirable in connection with the Initial Public Offering, the Concurrent Offering and the Cloud Peak Financing as contemplated by the
IPO Registration Statement, the Debt Offering Memorandum, the Underwriting Agreement, the Purchase Agreement and the Financing Documents. 

        3.6.    Cancellation of RTA Share of CPE Common Stock.    Immediately
after the Offering Closing Date for the Initial Public Offering, CPE shall cause the outstanding share of Common Stock of CPE held by RTA to be cancelled. 

        3.7.    Rescission.    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement,
if delivery of the Firm Public Offering Shares to the Underwriters against payment therefor is not complete within three (3) Business Days after the Closing Date or as otherwise agreed upon by
the Parties, all transactions theretofore completed under this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents shall immediately be rescinded in all respects and shall be null and void and this
Agreement and all of the Transaction Documents shall terminate. In such event, the Parties agree to take all action required to reverse, cancel or otherwise undo the effect of the Structuring
Transactions and any other Transaction occurring prior to, on or after the Closing Date, to effect the rescission of the Transaction Documents and to execute and deliver any consents necessary to
amend or restate CPE's Charter or Bylaws and to execute and deliver such other consents, instruments or other documents as are reasonably required in connection therewith. 

        3.8.    Tax Matters.    

        (a)   RTEA
and CPE have entered into the Tax Receivable Agreement contemporaneously with the execution of the Underwriting Agreement. To the extent that any representations,
warranties, covenants and agreements between the Parties with respect to Tax matters are set forth in the Tax Receivable Agreement and the tax sharing agreements and arrangements specifically
identified therein, such Tax matters shall be governed exclusively by the Tax Receivable Agreement and not by this Agreement. 

20

 

        3.9.    Working Capital Adjustment    

        (a)   Initial
Cash Position. The Parties hereby agree that on the closing date for the Initial Public Offering (the "IPO Closing
Date"), $181 million of unrestricted proceeds from the Transactions will be retained by CPE LLC (the "Initial Unrestricted Cash
Position"). 

        (b)   Initial
Cash Adjustments. 

          (i)  The
Parties hereby acknowledge that the Cloud Peak Parties have delivered to the Rio Tinto Parties a good faith estimate of CPE LLC's expected working capital
balance as of the IPO Closing Date (the "Estimated Closing Date Working Capital"). The Estimated Closing Date Working Capital is attached as  Exhibit F and includes those categories of current assets and current liabilities and line items as agreed to by the Parties. The Cloud Peak
Parties have delivered to the Rio Tinto Parties supporting documentation and data for the Estimated Closing Date Working Capital. 

         (ii)  Exhibit F to this Agreement sets forth a sample formula and the mechanics and methodology against which any
adjustment will be made to the Initial Unrestricted Cash Position. As promptly as possible and in any event no later than fifteen (15) days following the IPO Closing Date, the Cloud Peak
Parties will provide to the Rio Tinto Parties: 

        (A)  the
closing date balance sheet which shall be prepared for purposes of showing the actual working capital (calculated in accordance with  Exhibit F) as of the IPO Closing Date (the "Closing Date Balance Sheet"); and 

        (B)  a
written statement setting forth its detailed determination of the net working capital as of the IPO Closing Date (the "Preliminary Closing Date
Working Capital"), and of the adjustments to the Net Working Capital based on changes to the Net Working Capital between the Estimated Closing Date Working Capital and the
Preliminary Closing Date Working Capital derived from the Closing Date Balance Sheet, in each case calculated based on the sample formula and general methodology set forth on  Exhibit F (the
"Preliminary Working Capital Adjustment"). 

        (iii)  From
the IPO Closing Date until the determination of the Working Capital Adjustment (as defined below), the Rio Tinto Group, including its Representatives, and the Rio
Tinto Auditors, shall have
reasonable access, during normal business hours and upon no less than one (1) day advance notice, to the Cloud Peak Parties and their books, records and employees who are responsible for
financial matters, in order to assist in evaluating the Closing Date Balance Sheet and/or the Preliminary Working Capital Adjustment. The Cloud Peak Parties shall provide, and shall cause the Cloud
Peak Auditors to provide, any assistance reasonably requested by the Rio Tinto Group in connection with the foregoing. Notwithstanding the above, the Cloud Peak Parties may limit access to the extent
it reasonably deems necessary to avoid unreasonable disruption of the business or to comply with Law. 

        (iv)  If
the Rio Tinto Parties disagree with the Closing Date Balance Sheet and/or the Preliminary Working Capital Adjustment, they shall, within fifteen (15) calendar
days after the receipt of the Closing Date Balance Sheet and the Preliminary Working Capital Adjustment, deliver a Notice to the Cloud Peak Parties (the "Disagreement
Notice"), setting forth their calculation of the Closing Date Working Capital and the Preliminary Working Capital Adjustment, and specifying, in reasonable detail, those items
or amounts in the Closing Date Balance Sheet and/or the Preliminary Working Capital Adjustment as to which the Rio Tinto Parties disagree and the reasons for such disagreement. The Rio Tinto Parties
shall be deemed to have agreed with all items and amounts contained in the Closing Date Balance Sheet and the Preliminary Working Capital Adjustment other than those specified in a timely Disagreement
Notice. If the Rio Tinto Parties do not deliver a Disagreement Notice to the 

21

 

Cloud
Peak Parties within such 15-day period, the Rio Tinto Parties shall be deemed to have accepted the Closing Date Balance Sheet and the Preliminary Working Capital Adjustment,
whereupon the Preliminary Closing Date Working Capital shall become the "Closing Date Working Capital". 

         (v)  If
the Rio Tinto Parties timely deliver a Disagreement Notice to the Cloud Peak Parties, the Parties shall use their good faith efforts to reach agreement on the
disputed items or amounts in order to determine the Closing Date Working Capital, which in no event shall be more favorable to the Cloud Peak Parties than reflected in the Preliminary Working Capital
Adjustment, nor more favorable to the Rio Tinto Parties than shown in the calculations delivered by the Rio Tinto Parties pursuant to the Disagreement Notice. If the Parties do not resolve all
disputed items or amounts within seven (7) Business Days after delivery of the Disagreement Notice, this Agreement and the disputed items and amounts will be submitted to a nationally
recognized public accounting firm in the United States mutually agreeable to the Rio Tinto Parties and the Cloud Peak Parties (the "Independent
Accountants"), for determination of the appropriate Final Adjustment pursuant to this Section 3.9. The fees and expenses
of the Independent Accountants shall be borne equally by the Rio Tinto Parties and the Cloud Peak Parties. The written report of the Independent Accountants (the
"Report") shall be delivered to the Rio Tinto Parties and the Cloud Peak Parties promptly, but in no event later than fifteen (15) days after
such disputed items are submitted to the Independent Accountants, and shall be final, conclusive, and binding upon the Parties. 

        (vi)  Notwithstanding
Section 9.10 of this Agreement, in the absence of fraud, the foregoing procedures for resolution
of disputes concerning calculation of the Closing Date Balance Sheet and the Preliminary Working Capital Adjustment set forth in this Section 3.9
shall be final and the exclusive means of calculating and resolving the same. No Party shall challenge or be entitled to bring any Claim
pertaining to such calculation or resolution; provided, that if a Party fails to make the payment required within the time period set forth in
Section 3.9(vii), such procedures shall not preclude the Party to whom such payment is owed from bringing any necessary action to collect such amount. 

       (vii)  The
"Working Capital Adjustment" shall equal the following: (A) if the Closing Date Working Capital exceeds the
Estimated Closing Date Working Capital, the positive amount by which Closing Date Working Capital exceeds the Estimated Closing Date Working Capital; or (B) if the Estimated Closing Working
Capital exceeds the Closing Date Working Capital, the positive amount by which Estimated Closing Working Capital exceeds the Closing Date Working Capital. If the Working Capital Adjustment, as so
calculated, is a positive number pursuant to clause (A), then CPE LLC shall pay to RTEA on a dollar-for-dollar basis the amount of the Working Capital Adjustment,
and if the Working Capital Adjustment, as so calculated, is a positive number pursuant to clause (B), then RTEA shall pay to CPE LLC on a dollar-for-dollar basis
the amount of the Working Capital Adjustment. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 3.9(vii) to the contrary, no amounts shall be
payable to RTEA or CPE LLC in respect of the Working Capital Adjustment pursuant to this Section 3.9(vii) unless the Working Capital
Adjustment exceeds $500,000, in which case the entire amount of such Working Capital Adjustment shall be payable. Within five (5) Business Days after the final determination of the Working
Capital Adjustment, RTEA shall pay CPE LLC or CPE LLC shall pay RTEA, as the case may be, a sum of money equal to the Working Capital Adjustment. Any amount payable pursuant to this
Section 3.9(vii) will be made in immediately available federal funds, by wire transfer to an account or accounts designated by the Party receiving such payment. 

22

 

 

 
 

  ARTICLE IV
  DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION    
    

        4.1.    Restrictions on Disclosure of Information.    From and after the Closing Date: 

        (a)   Generally. Without limiting any rights or obligations under any other existing agreement between the Parties and/or any
other members of their respective Group relating to confidentiality, for a period of three (3) years following the date of receipt of any confidential and/or proprietary Information, each Party
shall, and each Party shall cause its respective Group members and its Representatives to, hold in confidence, in accordance with no less than the standards of confidentiality that it uses with
respect to its own confidential Information, and in no event less than a reasonable standard of care, all confidential and proprietary Information concerning the other Group that is either in its
possession as of the Closing Date or furnished by the other Group or its respective Representatives at any time pursuant to this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or the transactions
contemplated hereby or thereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each Party, its respective Group members and each of their respective Representatives may disclose such Information to the extent that
such Person can demonstrate that such Information is or was (i) generally available to the public other than by the breach of this Agreement or by breach of any other agreement between or among
the Parties and/or any of their respective Group members relating to confidentiality, or (ii) lawfully acquired from a third Person on a non-confidential basis or independently
developed by, or on behalf of, such Person by Persons who do not have access to, or descriptions of, any such Information. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each Party, its respective Group members and
each of their respective Representatives may disclose such Information to the extent that such Person reasonably believes it is legally compelled to disclose such Information to any tribunal, agency,
governmental authority or self regulatory organization, including, but not limited to, the New York Stock Exchange, or else stand liable for contempt or suffer other censure or financial penalty or is
otherwise required by Law to disclose such Information. Each Party shall maintain, and shall cause its respective Group members and
Representatives to maintain, policies and procedures, and develop such further policies and procedures as shall from time to time become necessary or appropriate, to ensure compliance with this  Section 4.1. Nothing contained in this Section 4.1 shall be deemed to limit the disclosure
by a Party of its own confidential Information. 

        (b)   Disclosure of Third Person Information. Each Party acknowledges that it and other members of its Group may have in its or
their possession confidential or proprietary Information of third Persons that was received under a confidentiality or non-disclosure agreement between a member of the other Group and such
third Person prior to the Closing Date. Each Party shall (and shall cause its respective Group members and Representatives to) hold in strict confidence the confidential and proprietary Information of
third Persons to which any member of its Group has access, in accordance with the terms of any agreements entered into prior to the Closing Date between members of the other Group and such third
Persons. 

        (c)   Disclosure of Confidential Information within a Group. Once confidential Information has been disclosed to a Group, the
members of such Group may disclose it to their individual employees subject to the obligations of confidentiality set forth in this Section 4.1.
Such Group members may also disclose such confidential Information to its Representatives. Such Group members shall advise each recipient of the confidential nature of such confidential Information,
and shall instruct each such recipient to comply with the confidentiality obligations contained herein; and the Party responsible for such Group member shall be responsible for the failure of any such
recipient to do so. Upon a Party's request, the Party receiving confidential Information shall require its recipients of such Information to sign an agreement of confidentiality and nondisclosure
satisfactory to the requesting Party. The obligations of the receiving Party with respect to such recipient apply regardless of whether such recipient is an employee of such Party. 

23

 

        (d)   Use of Material, Non-Public Information. Each Party acknowledges that it is aware that the Information may
constitute material, non-public information of another Party. Each Party acknowledges and agrees to advise its Representatives, the members of its Group and their respective
Representatives who are provided the Information pursuant to Section 4.1(c) to keep the Information confidential (and that the United States securities laws may prohibit any person who has
material, non-public information about a company from purchasing or selling securities of such company or from communicating such information while the Information is material to any other
person under circumstances in which it is reasonably foreseeable that such person is likely to purchase or sell such securities). 

        4.2.    Legally Required Disclosure of Information.    If any Party or
any of its respective Group members or Representatives believes it is legally required to disclose any Information (the "Disclosing Party") that it is
otherwise obligated to hold in confidence pursuant to Section 4.1 (including as reasonably determined
by the Disclosing Party under applicable securities or tax laws and regulations or applicable rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange or any other stock exchange on which the securities
of Cloud Peak are then traded), such Party shall promptly notify the Person that owns or has a duty not to disclose the Information (the "Owning
Party"), provide the Owning Party with the text of the proposed disclosure as far in advance of its disclosure as is reasonably practicable and use all reasonable best efforts
to cooperate with and otherwise support the Owning Party so that the Owning Party may seek a protective order or other appropriate protective remedy and/or waive compliance with this  Section 4.2.
All expenses reasonably incurred by the Disclosing Party in seeking a protective order or other remedy shall be borne by the Owning
Party. If such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, or if the Owning Party waives compliance with this Section 4.2, the Disclosing
Party shall (a) disclose only that portion of the Information that the Disclosing Party's legal counsel advises it is compelled to disclose, (b) consult with the Owning Party in advance
as to the proposed form, nature and purpose of the disclosure, (c) use reasonable best efforts to obtain reliable assurance requested by the Owning Party that confidential treatment shall be
accorded such Information, and (d) promptly provide the Owning Party with a copy of the Information so disclosed, in the same form and format so disclosed, together with a list of all Persons
to whom such Information was disclosed. In no event will the Disclosing Party oppose action by the Owning Party to obtain a protective order or other relief to prevent the disclosure of any
Information or to obtain reliable assurance that confidential treatment will be afforded the Information. 

 
 

  ARTICLE V
  MUTUAL RELEASES    
    

        5.1.    Release of Liability.    

        (a)   Subject
to Article VI and except as provided in this  Article V, effective as of the Closing Date, CPE and CPE LLC do hereby, for themselves, and
will cause each of their respective
Subsidiaries to, and their respective successors and assigns to, relinquish, release and forever discharge: (1) RTEA, KMS and the other members of the Rio Tinto Group and each of their
respective Subsidiaries and successors and assigns and (2) all Persons who at any time prior to the Closing Date are or have been shareholders, directors, officers, agents, representatives,
counsel or employees of any member of the Rio Tinto Group (in each case, in their respective capacities as such), and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, in each
such case from all Liabilities to CPE, CPE LLC and their respective Affiliates arising out of or relating to the Cloud Peak Business, whether arising prior to, on or after the Closing Date and
whether arising under any contract or agreement, by operation of Law or otherwise, existing or arising from any acts or events occurring or failing to occur or alleged to have occurred or to have
failed to occur or any conditions existing or alleged to have existed on or before the Closing Date, including in connection with the transactions and all other activities to implement the Structuring
Transactions, the Initial Public Offering and any of the other transactions contemplated hereunder 

24

 

and
under the Transactions Documents, except to the extent such Liabilities arise from the fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct of any Person listed on  Schedule 5.1(a) hereto; provided, however, that
nothing in this Section 5.1(a) shall relieve the Persons released in this Section 5.1(a)
from: (x) any Liability expressly allocated to RTEA, KMS or any Subsidiary of RTEA or KMS under this Agreement (including any RTEA Liability and/or the indemnification obligations in  Section 6.3), or any document entered into in connection with or related to the Transactions; (y) any amounts owed or other Liabilities
arising under Section 2.1(c); or (z) any Liability the release of which would result in the release of any Person other than the Persons
released in this Section 5.1(a); 

        (b)   Subject
to Article VI and except as provided in Article V,
effective as of the Closing Date, RTEA and KMS do hereby, for themselves, and will cause each of their respective Subsidiaries to, and their respective successors and assigns to, relinquish, release
and forever discharge: (1) CPE, CPE LLC and each of their respective Subsidiaries, successors and assigns and (2) all Persons who at any time prior to the Closing Date are or have
been shareholders, directors, officers, agents, representatives, counsel or employees of any member of the Cloud Peak Group or any Subsidiary of Cloud Peak (in each case, in their respective
capacities as such), and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, in each such case from all Liabilities to RTEA, KMS and their respective Affiliates whether arising
prior to, on or after the Closing Date and whether arising under any contract or agreement, by operation of Law or otherwise, existing or arising from any acts or events occurring or failing to occur
or alleged to have occurred or to have failed to occur or any conditions existing or alleged to have existed on or before the Closing Date, including in connection with the transactions and all other
activities to implement the Structuring Transactions, the Initial Public Offering and any of the other transactions contemplated hereunder and under the Transaction Documents, except to the extent
such Liabilities arise from the fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct of any Person listed on Schedule 5.1(b) hereto;  provided, however, that nothing in this  Section 5.1(b) shall relieve the Persons released in this Section 5.1(b) from:
(x) any Liability expressly allocated to any member of the Cloud Peak Group under this Agreement (including any Cloud Peak Liability and/or the indemnification obligations in  Section 6.1), or
any document entered into in connection with or related to the Transactions; (y) any amounts owed or other Liabilities
arising under Section 2.1(c); or (z) any Liability the release of which would result in the release of any Person other than the Persons
released in this Section 5.1(b). 

        (c)   Nothing
contained in Section 5.1(a) or Section 5.1(b) shall
impair any right of any Person to enforce or release any Person from any Liability related to, this Agreement, any Transaction Document or any agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings
that are specified in Section 2.1(b) or the applicable Schedules thereto not to terminate as of the Closing Date, in each case in accordance with
its terms. Nothing contained in Section 5.1(a) or Section 5.1(b) shall release any Person
from any Liability for the sale, lease, construction or receipt of goods, property or services purchased, obtained or used in the ordinary course of business by a member of one Group from a member of
the other Group prior to the Closing Date. 

        5.2.    RTEA Obligations Not Affected.    Nothing contained in this  Article V shall release RTEA or any Subsidiary of
RTEA from honoring existing obligations, if any: (i) to indemnify any director, officer
or employee of RTEA or any of its Subsidiaries who was a director, officer or employee of RTEA or any Subsidiary of RTEA prior to the Closing Date, to the extent such director, officer or employee was
entitled to such indemnification pursuant to then-existing obligations or (ii) to provide any employment, post-employment or retirement benefits to any officer or
employee of CPE or CPE LLC or any of their respective Subsidiaries as provided for under the Employee Matters Agreement, including for those officers or employees who had retired from RTEA or
any Subsidiary of RTEA as of the Closing Date, 

25

 

to
the extent such officer or employee was entitled to such benefits pursuant to then-existing obligations. 

        5.3.    No Cloud Peak Claims.    CPE and CPE LLC shall not make, and shall not permit
any of their respective Subsidiaries to make, any claim or demand, or commence any Proceeding asserting any claim or demand, including any claim of contribution or indemnification, against RTEA, KMS
or any of their respective Subsidiaries or any other Person released pursuant to Section 5.1(a), with respect to any Liabilities released
pursuant to Section 5.1(a).

        5.4.    No RTEA Claims.    RTEA and KMS shall not make, and shall not permit any of their
respective Subsidiaries to make, any claim or demand, or commence any Proceeding asserting any claim or demand, including any claim of contribution or indemnification, against CPE, CPE LLC or
any of their respective Subsidiaries or any other Person released pursuant to Section 5.1(b), with respect to any Liabilities released pursuant
to Section 5.1(b).

        5.5.    Subsidiary Releases and Other Actions.    At any time, at the request of any Party,
the other Parties shall cause its Subsidiaries to execute and deliver releases, provide indemnification, or take such other actions as necessary or appropriate to reflect the provisions hereof. 

 
 

  ARTICLE VI
  INDEMNIFICATION    
    

        6.1.    Indemnification by Cloud Peak.    Subject to  Section 6.6, CPE LLC hereby agrees to provide the indemnities
set forth in clauses (a) and (b) of this  Section 6.1 on behalf of CPE and CPE LLC. CPE LLC further agrees to pay any indemnification obligations of CPE LLC pursuant
to the Transaction Documents and as set forth in this Section 6.1. To the extent that the provisions of any other Transaction Document conflict
with any provisions specifically covered by this Section 6.1, the provisions of this Section 6.1 shall supersede the provisions set forth
therein. 

        (a)   CPE LLC
shall indemnify and hold harmless each RTEA Indemnified Person from and against any and all Liabilities of the RTEA Indemnified Person arising out of or
relating to the following, whether such Liabilities arise or accrue prior to, on or following the Closing Date (those items set forth under clauses (i) through (vii) of this  Section 6.1(a) collectively, the "Cloud Peak General Indemnities"):
 

          (i)  all
Cloud Peak Liabilities and Claims arising out of or relating to the Cloud Peak Business conducted prior to the Closing Date, including with respect to any pending
or threatened litigation related to the Decker mine or as a result of the failure of CPE, CPE LLC or any other member of the Cloud Peak Group or any other Person to pay, perform or otherwise
promptly discharge any such Cloud Peak Liabilities in accordance with its respective terms, whether prior to, on or after the Closing Date; 

         (ii)  all
Liabilities and Claims of the Cloud Peak Group set forth on Exhibit A arising out of or relating to the
Jacobs Ranch Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, whether such Liabilities arise before, on or after the Closing Date; 

        (iii)  all
Liabilities of the Cloud Peak Group arising out of or relating to the Working Capital Adjustment pursuant to  Section 3.9; 

        (iv)  all
Liabilities of the Rio Tinto Group resulting from any Claims related to the Cloud Peak Business made after the Closing Date by Cloud Peak, any member of the Cloud
Peak Group or any other Person under any Terminated RTEA Policy, except for any and all Liabilities arising out of a claim by any officer, director or employee of CPE or CPE LLC under the Rio
Tinto D&O Policy to the extent the circumstances giving rise to such claim occur prior to the IPO Closing Date; 

26

 

         (v)  all
Liabilities of the Rio Tinto Group resulting from any Claims related to the Cloud Peak Business made after the applicable expiration date or termination date, if
earlier terminated, by Cloud Peak, any member of the Cloud Peak Group or any other Person under any Three Crowns Policy; 

        (vi)  except
as otherwise provided in clause (b) of this Section 6.1, any breach by any member of the Cloud Peak
Group of this Agreement arising under or relating to the Cloud Peak Business conducted prior to the Closing Date, the Underwriting Agreement, the Purchase Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents
(other than those Transaction Documents set forth in clause (a)(iv) of this Section 6.1) or the representations and warranties contained
herein (other than the representations and warranties related to any Information provided under Article VII of this Agreement) or therein; and 

       (vii)  any
breach by any member of the Cloud Peak Group of the Agency Agreement or the RTEA Coal Supply Agreement, in each case, to the extent that such breach does not
result from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of any member of the Cloud Peak Group. 

        (b)   CPE LLC
shall indemnify and hold harmless each RTEA Indemnified Person from and against any and all Liabilities of the RTEA Indemnified Person arising out of or
relating to the following, whether such Liabilities arise or accrue prior to, on or following the Closing Date (those items set forth under clauses (i) through (vii) of this  Section 6.1(b) collectively, the "Cloud Peak Special Indemnities"): 

          (i)  all
Cloud Peak Liabilities and Claims arising out of or relating to the Cloud Peak Business conducted after the Closing Date, including with respect to any litigation
related to the operation of the Decker mine after the Closing Date or as a result of the failure of CPE, CPE LLC or any other member of the Cloud Peak Group or any other Person to pay, perform
or otherwise promptly discharge any such Cloud Peak Liabilities in accordance with its respective terms; 

         (ii)  all
Liabilities and Claims arising out of or relating to or resulting from the use by any member of the Rio Tinto Group of any Information provided by CPE or
CPE LLC under Article VII of this Agreement or arising out of or relating to any breach of the representations and warranties related to
any Information provided under Article VII of this Agreement; 

        (iii)  all
Claims or demands of, or Liabilities with respect to, all or any of the Existing Surety Arrangements, including the costs related thereto, in the event that any or
all obligations of RTEA or any member of the Rio Tinto Group with respect to such Existing Surety Arrangements have not been
released and/or terminated in full or otherwise transferred to become the sole obligation of Cloud Peak prior to the Closing Date; 

        (iv)  any
Liabilities, including Liabilities to any member of the Rio Tinto Group with respect to any indemnification obligations, of any member of the Cloud Peak Group
arising under or relating to the LLC Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement or the representations and warranties contained therein; 

         (v)  any
breach by any member of the Cloud Peak Group of the Agency Agreement or the RTEA Coal Supply Agreement, in each case, resulting from the gross negligence or willful
misconduct of any member of the Cloud Peak Group; 

        (vi)  any
breach by any member of the Cloud Peak Group of this Agreement (arising out of or relating to the Cloud Peak Business conducted after to the Closing Date); and 

       (vii)  all
Liabilities for which CPE LLC has agreed to provide indemnification under Section 6.4(a)(i) and  Section 6.4(b)(i) of this Agreement.

27

 

CPE LLC
further agrees that with respect to any of the Cloud Peak Special Indemnities pursuant to this Section 6.1(b), CPE LLC
shall pay to each RTEA Indemnified Person an aggregate amount equal to the sum of (i) the total amount of the Liability payable to the RTEA Indemnified Person (or, in the case of  Section 6.4(a)(i), the Registration Indemnified Parties) with respect to such Cloud Peak Special Indemnity (the "General
Indemnity Amount") plus (ii) an amount equal to (A) the General Indemnity Amount multiplied by (B) a
fraction equal to (1) the aggregate number of common membership units in CPE LLC held by the Rio Tinto Group divided by (2) the total number of common membership units in
CPE LLC then outstanding at the time such Cloud Peak Special Indemnity is payable to the RTEA Indemnified Person. 

        6.2.    Guaranty.    

        (a)   Each
of the Subsidiaries listed on Schedule A hereto (each a
"Guarantor" and together, the "Guarantors"), hereby, jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally
guarantees to (i) each RTEA Indemnified Person, due and punctual payment of all obligations of CPE LLC and its successors and assigns to each RTEA Indemnified Person pursuant to  Section 6.1 and Section 6.4, whether arising or
accruing prior to, on or following the Closing Date and (ii) each of the Rio Tinto Parties, due and punctual payment of all reimbursements owed by the Cloud Peak Parties and their successors
and assigns pursuant to Section 7.6 and Section 7.7 (each such Guarantor's obligations
pursuant to subclauses (i) and (ii) above, the "Guaranty"). 

        (b)   Each
Guarantor agrees that the Guaranty is an absolute, unconditional, present and continuing guarantee of payment, not of collection, and it being agreed by each
Guarantor that its obligations under the Guaranty shall not be discharged until the indefeasible payment in full of all of the obligations pursuant to  Section 6.1, Section 7.6 and  Section 7.7 by CPE LLC or the Cloud Peak Parties, as applicable, or one or more of the Guarantors. Each Guarantor expressly waives all
rights it may have now or in the future under any statute, or at common law, or at law or in equity, or otherwise, to compel any RTEA Indemnified Person or any Rio Tinto Party to proceed in respect of
the obligations of CPE LLC or the Cloud Peak Parties pursuant to Section 6.1,  Section 7.6 and Section 7.7, as applicable, against CPE LLC or the Cloud Peak
Parties or any other party or against any security for the payment and performance of the obligations of CPE LLC pursuant to Section 6.1
or of the Cloud Peak Parties pursuant to Section 7.6 or Section 7.7, as applicable, before
proceeding against, or as a condition to proceeding against, such Guarantor. In no event shall a RTEA Indemnified Person or a Rio Tinto Party have any obligation (provided that it is entitled, at its
option) to proceed against CPE LLC or the Cloud Peak Parties, as applicable, before seeking satisfaction from Guarantor. The obligations of each Guarantor under the Guaranty are independent of
the obligations guaranteed by each other Guarantor hereunder, and a separate action or actions may be brought and prosecuted by an RTEA Indemnified Person or a Rio Tinto Party, as applicable, subject
to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, against any Guarantor to enforce the Guaranty, irrespective of whether any action is brought against CPE LLC or the Cloud Peak Parties,
as applicable, or whether CPE LLC or the Cloud Peak Parties are joined in any such action or actions. 

        (c)   Each
Guarantor unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, (i) notice of any matters described in  Section 6.1, Section 7.6
and  Section 7.7, (ii) all notices which may be required by statute, rule or law to preserve intact any rights against such Guarantor,
including, without limitation, any demand, presentment and protest, proof of notice of nonpayment and notice of default or any failure of CPE LLC and its permitted successors and assigns and
the Cloud Peak Parties and their permitted successors and assigns to perform or comply with Section 6.1,  Section 7.6 and Section 7.7, respectively, (iii) any requirement of diligence or to
exhaust any remedies or to mitigate damages resulting from CPE LLC's default under Section 6.1 or the Cloud Peak Parties' default under  Section 7.6 or Section 7.7, and (iv) any other circumstance whatsoever that might
otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge, release or defense of a 

28

 

guarantor
or surety or which might otherwise limit recourse against such Guarantor. The provisions of this Section 6.2 are for the benefit of
each RTEA Indemnified Person and the Rio Tinto Parties, respectively, and nothing in this Section 6.2 shall impair (x) as between
CPE LLC and each of RTEA Indemnified Person, the obligations of CPE LLC under Section 6.1 and (y) as between the Cloud Peak
Parties and each of the Rio Tinto Parties, the obligations of the Cloud Peak Parties under Section 7.6 and  Section 7.7. 

        (d)   With
respect to each Guarantor's obligations related to Section 6.1, the Guaranty of each Guarantor shall remain
in full force and effect and continue to be effective (i) in the event CPE LLC or such Guarantor becomes insolvent or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, (ii) in the
event a receiver or trustee is appointed for all or any significant part of CPE LLC's or such Guarantor's assets; and shall continue to be effective or be reinstated, as the case may be, if at
any time payment pursuant to Section 6.1 is rescinded or reduced in amount, or must otherwise be restored or returned by an RTEA Indemnified
Person, whether as a "voidable preference," "fraudulent conveyance," or otherwise, all as though such payment or performance had not been made. 

        (e)   With
respect to each Guarantor's obligations related to Section 7.6 or  Section 7.7, the Guaranty of each Guarantor shall remain in full force and
effect and continue to be effective (i) in the event any of the
Cloud Peak Parties or such Guarantor becomes insolvent or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, (ii) in the event a receiver or trustee is appointed for all or any significant part
of any of the Cloud Peak Parties' or such Guarantor's assets; and shall continue to be effective or be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time payment pursuant to  Section 7.6 or Section 7.7 is rescinded or reduced in amount, or must otherwise be
restored or returned by a Rio Tinto Party, whether as a "voidable preference," "fraudulent conveyance," or otherwise, all as though such payment or performance had not been made. 

        (f)    In
the event that any payment pursuant to this Section 6.2, or any part thereof, is rescinded, reduced, restored
or returned, the obligations pursuant to this Section 6.2 shall be reinstated and deemed reduced only by such amount paid or performed and not so
rescinded, reduced, restored or returned. 

        (g)   Each
Guarantor hereby irrevocably waives any claim or other rights which it may now or hereafter acquire against CPE LLC, the Cloud Peak Parties or any other
Guarantor that arise from the existence, payment, performance or enforcement of its obligations under this Section 6.2 or  Section 7.6 or
Section 7.7, as applicable, including, without limitation, any right of
subrogation, reimbursement, exoneration, contribution, indemnification, any right to participate in any claim or remedy of an RTEA Indemnified Person against CPE LLC or of a Rio Tinto Party
against the Cloud Peak Parties or any Guarantor or any collateral which any such RTEA Indemnified Person or Rio Tinto Party, as applicable, hereafter acquires, whether or not such claim, remedy or
right arises in equity, or under contract, statute or common law, including, without limitation, the right to take or receive from CPE LLC, the Cloud Peak Parties or a Guarantor, directly or
indirectly, in cash or other property or by set-off or in any other manner, payment or security on account of such claim or other rights. 

        6.3.    Indemnification by Rio Tinto.    Subject to  Section 6.6, RTA shall indemnify and hold harmless each Cloud Peak
Indemnified Person from and against any and all Liabilities of the Cloud Peak
Indemnified Person arising out of or relating to the following, whether such Liabilities arise or accrue prior to, on or following the Closing Date: 

        (a)   all
RTEA Liabilities, including the failure of RTEA, KMS or any other member of the Rio Tinto Group or any other Person to pay, perform or otherwise promptly discharge
any RTEA Liabilities in accordance with its respective terms, whether prior to, on or after the Closing Date; 

29

 

        (b)   all
Claims arising out of or relating to the Retained U.S. Coal Business, including with respect to any pending or threatened litigation related to the Colowyo mine; 

        (c)   any
breach by any member of the Rio Tinto Group of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents or the representations and warranties contained herein or therein;
and 

        (d)   all
Liabilities of the Cloud Peak Group resulting from any actions taken by any member of the Rio Tinto Group after the Closing Date on behalf of any member of the Cloud
Peak Group constituting gross negligence or willful misconduct. 

        6.4.    Registration Statement and Other Related Indemnification and/or Contribution.    

        (a)   IPO Registration Statement Indemnification. 

          (i)  CPE LLC
agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the RTEA Indemnified Persons, each of their Affiliates and each of their officers, employees, agents, affiliates
and each person, if any, who controls any member of the Rio Tinto Group within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (collectively, the
"Registration Indemnified Parties"), from and against any and all Liabilities, joint or several, to which such Registration Indemnified Party may become
subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, other federal or state statutory law or regulation or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or Liabilities (or actions in respect
thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or any material fact contained in any part of the Registration Statement, any Statutory Prospectus, any General
Disclosure Package, Final Prospectus or Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or the Final Offering Memorandum or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission of a material fact required
to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except insofar as such Liabilities (or actions in respect
thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission which has been made therein or omitted therefrom in reliance upon and in conformity
with the information set forth in the IPO Registration Statement or the Debt Offering Memorandum relating exclusively to Rio Tinto and as set forth on  Schedule 6.4(a)(i). Nothing in this
Section 6.4(a)(i) shall relieve RTEA from honoring its
existing obligations set forth in Section 5.2. 

         (ii)  RTA
agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Cloud Peak Indemnified Parties, each of their Affiliates and each of their officers who sign any Registration Statement,
and any person who controls CPE within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from Cloud Peak to
each Registration Indemnified Party, but only with respect to the information set forth in the IPO Registration Statement or the Debt Offering Memorandum relating exclusively to Rio Tinto and as set
forth on Schedule 6.4(a)(i). For purposes of this Section 6.4(a)(ii), the information
relating to any underwriter that is contained in the Registration Statement, Statutory Prospectus, Final Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package or the Final
Offering Memorandum as set forth on Schedule 6.4(a)(ii) shall not be deemed to be information relating to Rio Tinto. 

        (b)   Other Public Filings. 

          (i)  CPE LLC
agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each RTEA Indemnified Person from and against any and all Liabilities, joint or several, to which any RTEA
Indemnified Person may become subject arising out of, based upon or relating to Information included in any Rio Tinto Public Filing relating exclusively to CPE, CPE LLC or any other members of
the Cloud Peak Group furnished to any of the RTEA Indemnified Persons by any member of the Cloud Peak Group pursuant to this Agreement, including such losses, claims, damages or 

30

 

Liabilities
(or actions in respect thereof) that arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in any Rio Tinto Public Filing or any
other document filed with the SEC or any other Governmental Authority by any member of the Rio Tinto Group pursuant to applicable Law, including the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, or arise out
of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading, insofar as such Liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission which has been
made therein or omitted therefrom in reliance upon and in conformity with Information relating exclusively to CPE, CPE LLC or any other member of the Cloud Peak Group furnished to any of the
RTEA Indemnified Persons by any member of the Cloud Peak Group pursuant to this Agreement. 

         (ii)  RTA
agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Cloud Peak Indemnified Persons from and against any and all Liabilities, joint or several, to which any Cloud Peak
Indemnified Person may become subject arising out of, based upon or relating to Information included in any Cloud Peak Filing relating exclusively to RTEA, KMS or any other member of the Rio Tinto
Group furnished to any of the Cloud Peak Indemnified Persons by any member of the Rio Tinto Group pursuant to this Agreement, including such losses, claims, damages or Liabilities (or actions in
respect thereof) that arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in any Cloud Peak Public Filing or any other document filed with
the SEC or any other Governmental Authority by any member of the Cloud Peak Group pursuant to applicable Law, including the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, or arise out of or are based upon the
omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading,
insofar as such Liabilities (or
actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission which has been made therein or omitted therefrom in reliance upon
and in conformity with Information relating exclusively to RTEA, KMS or any other member of the Rio Tinto Group furnished to any of the Cloud Peak Indemnified Persons by any member of the Rio Tinto
Group pursuant to this Agreement. 

        (c)   Contribution. 

          (i)  If
the indemnification provided for in this Section 6.4 is unavailable to, or insufficient to hold harmless, an
indemnified party with respect to the enumerated Liabilities, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such Liabilities (or
actions in respect thereof) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party in connection with the actions which resulted in
Liabilities as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of such indemnifying party and indemnified party shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether
the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information concerning or related to such indemnifying party or
indemnified party, and the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. For the purposes of this  Section 6.4(c), the
information set forth in the Registration Statement, Statutory Prospectus, any General Disclosure Package, Final Prospectus,
any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package or the Final Offering Memorandum as set forth on Schedule 6.4(a)(i) shall be
the only "information supplied by" such Registration Indemnified Parties. 

         (ii)  The
Parties hereto agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 6.4(c)
were determined by a pro rata allocation or by any other 

31

 

method
of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in paragraph (c)(i) above. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the
Liabilities referred to in paragraph (c)(i) above, shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such
indemnified party in connection with investigating any claim or defending any Action. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6.4(c), a
Registration Indemnified Party shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the proceeds to such Registration Indemnified Party exceeds the amount of any damages
which such Registration Indemnified Party has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent
misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. 

        6.5.    Claim Procedure.    

        (a)   Claim Notice. A Party that seeks indemnity under this Article VI
or under Section 2.2 (an "Indemnified Party") shall give written notice (a
"Claim Notice") to the Party from whom indemnification is sought (an "Indemnifying Party"), whether the
Liabilities sought arise from matters solely between the Parties or from Third Party Claims. The Claim Notice must contain (i) a description and, if known, the estimated amount (the
"Claimed Amount") of any Liabilities incurred or reasonably expected to be incurred by the Indemnified Party, (ii) a reasonable explanation of
the facts constituting the basis for the Claim Notice to the extent of facts then known by the Indemnified Party and (iii) a demand for payment and/or assumption of responsibility, as the case
may be, of those Liabilities. No delay or deficiency on the part of the Indemnified Party in so notifying the Indemnifying Party shall relieve the Indemnifying Party of any Liability or obligation
hereunder except to the extent of any Liabilities caused by or arising solely out of such delay or deficiency. 

        (b)   Response to Notice of Claim. (i) Except with respect to Claims arising under Section 6.1(b)(iii), within thirty (30) days after delivery of a Claim Notice,
 the Indemnifying Party shall deliver to the Indemnified Party a written response in
which the Indemnifying Party shall either: (i) agree that the Indemnified Party is entitled to receive all of the Claimed Amount and, in which case, the Indemnifying Party shall pay the Claimed
Amount (or agree to pay the Claimed Amount if, as and when incurred) using a payment method reasonably acceptable to the Indemnified Party; or (ii) dispute that the Indemnified Party is
entitled to receive all or any portion of the Claimed Amount, in which case, the Parties shall resort to the dispute resolution procedures set forth in Section 9.10. 

         (ii)  For
all Claims arising under Section 6.1(b)(iii), and notwithstanding the provisions of  Section 6.5(b)(i), Cloud Peak shall, within ten
(10) Business Days after receipt by Cloud Peak of a Claim Notice from RTEA or any other
member of the Rio Tinto Group of a Claim for indemnification hereunder fully indemnify the RTEA Indemnified Person with respect to all Liabilities arising out of or relating to such Claim. 

        (c)   Third Party Claims. 

          (i)  Without
limiting the provisions of Section 6.5(a), if the Indemnified Party receives notice or otherwise learns
of the assertion by a Person who is not a member of either Group of any claim or the commencement of any Action (in each case, a "Third Party Claim")
with respect to which the Indemnifying Party may be obligated to provide indemnification under this Article VI, the Indemnified Party shall give
a Claim Notice as provided in Section 6.5 to the Indemnifying Party of the Third Party Claim. Such Claim Notice shall be given within fifteen
(15) Business Days after receipt by the Indemnified Party of notice of such Third Party Claim and shall be accompanied by reasonable supporting documentation submitted by such 

32

 

third
party (to the extent then in the possession of the Indemnified Party). Within thirty (30) days after delivery of such Claim Notice, the Indemnifying Party (if it agrees that the Third
Party Claim is subject to indemnification under this Agreement) may, upon written notice thereof to the Indemnified Party, assume control of the defense of such Third Party Claim with counsel
reasonably satisfactory to the
Indemnified Party. During any period in which the Indemnifying Party has not so assumed control of such defense, the Indemnified Party shall control such defense. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no
Claim Notice need be given with respect to Third Party Claims existing as of the date of this Agreement. Except for those Third Party Claims set forth on  Schedule 6.5(c)(i), all Third Party Claims
existing as of the date of this Agreement shall be a Cloud Peak Liability and Cloud Peak shall assume
control of the defense related to all such claims. 

         (ii)  The
Party not controlling such defense (the "Non-Controlling Party") may participate therein at its own
expense; provided, however, that if the Indemnifying Party assumes control of such defense and the
Indemnified Party reasonably concludes that the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party have materially conflicting interests or materially different defenses available with respect to such Third
Party Claim, the reasonable fees and expenses of separate counsel to the Indemnified Party shall be considered "Liabilities" for purposes of this Agreement;  provided, further, that the Indemnifying Party shall only be responsible for the fees or expenses of not
more than one separate legal firm (in addition to any fees or expenses for any local counsel), unless otherwise agreed to, for all of the Indemnified Parties;  provided, however, that in the event that such legal firm is conflicted amongst the Indemnified Parties,
then the Indemnifying Party shall be responsible for the fees or expenses of up to two legal firms in any single jurisdiction for all of the Indemnified Parties. The Party controlling such defense
(the "Controlling Party") shall keep the Non-Controlling Party reasonably advised of the status of such Third Party Claim and the defense
thereof and shall consider in good faith recommendations made by the Non-Controlling Party with respect thereto. The Non-Controlling Party shall furnish the Controlling Party
with such Information as it may have with respect to such Third Party Claim (including copies of any summons, complaint or other pleading that may have been served on such Party and any written claim,
demand, invoice, billing or other document evidencing or asserting the same) and shall otherwise cooperate with and assist the Controlling Party in the defense of such Third Party Claim. If the
Indemnifying Party has elected to assume the defense of the Third Party Claim but has specified, and continues to assert, any reservations or exceptions in such notice to the Indemnified Party, then,
in any such case, the reasonable fees and expenses of one separate counsel for all Indemnified Parties shall be borne by the Indemnifying Party, but the Indemnifying Party shall be entitled to
reimbursement by the Indemnified Party for payment of any such fees and expenses to the extent that it establishes that such reservations and exceptions were proper. 

        (iii)  If
an Indemnifying Party elects not to assume responsibility for defending a Third Party Claim, or fails to notify an Indemnified Party of its election as provided in  Section 6.5(c)(i), the cost and
expense of the Indemnified Party incurred in defending such Third Party Claim shall be additional indemnified
Liabilities. 

        (iv)  The
Indemnifying Party shall not agree to any settlement of, or the entry of any judgment arising from, any such Third Party Claim without the prior written consent of
the Indemnified Party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; provided, however,
that the consent of the Indemnified Party shall not be required if (A) the Indemnifying Party agrees in writing to pay any amounts payable pursuant to such settlement or judgment,
(B) such settlement or judgment includes a full, complete and unconditional release of the Indemnified Party from further Liability, (C) such settlement does not create 

33

 

any
financial or other obligation on the part of the Indemnified Party and (D) such settlement does not include a statement as to, or an admission of, fault, culpability or a failure to act by
or on behalf of an Indemnified Party. Unless the Indemnifying Party has failed to assume the defense of the Third Party Claim in accordance with the terms of this Agreement the Indemnified Party shall
not agree to any settlement of, or the entry of any judgment arising from, any such Third Party Claim without the prior written consent of the Indemnifying Party. 

        (d)   Tax Matters. The provisions of this Section 6.5 shall not apply to Taxes and related matters covered under
Section 6.01 of the Tax Receivable Agreement. 

        6.6.    Survival; Limitations; Insurance.    

        (a)   Except
to the extent expressly set forth in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, all covenants and agreements of the Parties contained in this Agreement and
in the Transaction Documents shall survive the Closing until, with respect to any particular claim to which a statute of limitations is applicable, the expiration of such applicable statute of
limitations, unless a Claim Notice was given under Section 6.5 (or a Claim Notice is not otherwise required to be given pursuant to this
Agreement) prior to the expiration of the statute of limitations applicable to such Claim. The rights and obligations of the Parties and each of their respective Indemnified Persons under this
Agreement shall survive the direct or indirect sale, assignment or other transfer by any Party of any of their respective Assets or Liabilities. 

        (b)   The
amount of any Liabilities for which indemnification is provided under this Agreement shall be net of any amounts actually recovered by the Indemnified Party from any
third Person (including amounts actually recovered under insurance policies) with respect to such Liabilities. Any Indemnifying Party hereunder shall be subrogated to the rights of the Indemnified
Party upon payment in full of the amount of the relevant indemnifiable Liabilities. A Third Party Insurance Carrier who would otherwise be obligated to pay any Claim shall not be relieved of the
responsibility with respect thereto or, solely by virtue of the indemnification provision hereof, have any subrogation rights with respect thereto. No Indemnifying Party shall be entitled to withhold
or delay making any indemnification payment merely because of the existence of any actual or potential insurance from a Third Party Insurance Carrier or other third Person recovery. If any Indemnified
Party recovers an amount from a third Person, including Insurance Proceeds, in respect of Liabilities for which indemnification is provided in this Agreement after the full amount of such
indemnifiable Liabilities has been paid by an Indemnifying Party or after an Indemnifying Party has made a partial payment of such indemnifiable Liabilities and
the amount received from the third Person, including Insurance Proceeds, exceeds the remaining unpaid balance of such indemnifiable Liabilities, then the Indemnified Party shall promptly remit to the
Indemnifying Party the excess (if any) of (X) the sum of the amount theretofore paid by such Indemnifying Party in respect of such indemnifiable Liabilities plus the amount received from the
third Person in respect thereof, less (Y) the full amount of such indemnifiable Liabilities. 

        (c)   If
insurance for any indemnified Liabilities is or may be available from a Third Party Insurance Carrier, the Indemnified Party shall take reasonable steps to provide
appropriate and timely notice to the Third Party Insurance Carrier and to pursue such insurance recovery including, if reasonably requested by the Indemnifying Party and at the Indemnifying Party's
expense, the commencement of coverage litigation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this subsection (c) shall be deemed to affect the termination of the Terminated RTEA Policies or the
Three Crowns Policies (upon expiration or earlier termination), and the waiver by Cloud Peak under Section 2.1(a) or  Section 2.3, as applicable,
of the right to assert any claims after the Closing Date under any Terminated RTEA Policy or after the expiration
date (or earlier termination date) under any Three Crowns Policy. 

        (d)   Notwithstanding
the foregoing, any indemnification obligations of Cloud Peak pursuant to Section 6.1(b)(iii) shall
not be subject to any limitations on liability set forth in this Article VI. 

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  ARTICLE VII
  FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION    
    

        7.1.    Financial Information.    

        (a)   CPE
and CPE LLC agree that, unless otherwise agreed in writing by the Parties, if members of the Rio Tinto Group own (beneficially or otherwise), in the
aggregate, on any date during a fiscal year more than twenty percent (20%) of the then outstanding common membership units in CPE LLC or, notwithstanding such percentage, if any member of the
Rio Tinto Group is required, in the Rio Tinto Parties' sole judgment, during any fiscal year, in accordance with IFRS and/or GAAP, to account for its investment in CPE or CPE LLC on a
consolidated basis or under the equity method of accounting, then CPE and CPE LLC shall deliver to the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group the Corporate Reporting Data set forth on  Schedule 7.1(a)
 within the time periods specified for delivery of such Corporate Reporting Data set forth therein, as amended from time to time.
The Corporate Reporting Data set forth on Schedule 7.1(a) may be amended or modified by the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group as
necessary or advisable from time to time as set forth in Section 7.1(b) below, including as may be necessary or appropriate for any member of the
Rio Tinto Group to account for its investment in CPE and CPE LLC on a consolidated basis. 

        (b)   All
information provided by CPE, CPE LLC or any of their respective Subsidiaries to the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group pursuant to this  Article VII, including the Corporate Reporting
Data set forth on Schedule 7.1(a), shall,
unless otherwise provided on Schedule 7.1(a) or as otherwise agreed in writing by the Parties, be prepared consistent in terms of format and
detail and otherwise with the procedures and practices in effect prior to the Closing Date with respect to the provision of such financial and other information by RTEA to RTA or its Affiliates (and
where appropriate, as presently presented in financial and other reports delivered to the board of directors of RTEA or its Affiliates),
with such changes therein as may be necessary to report such information in accordance with IFRS and/or GAAP or as may be reasonably requested by RTEA or its Affiliates from time to time, and any
changes in such procedures or practices that are required in order to comply with the rules and regulations of any applicable Governmental Authority, including the SEC and any other Governmental
Authorities located in Australia, the United Kingdom or the United States of America, as applicable. CPE, CPE LLC and their respective Affiliates hereby agree to cooperate with the applicable
members of the Rio Tinto Group in identifying and assessing any differences between IFRS and GAAP that will impact the Corporate Reporting Data. In the event that any member of the Rio Tinto Group
requests any such amendment or modification, such member of the Rio Tinto Group shall deliver in writing no later than forty-five (45) days prior to the time any such amendment or
modification is to be in effect an updated version of Schedule 7.1(a), which updated version shall replace in its entirety any previously
delivered versions of such schedule. 

        (c)   For
purposes of determining the ownership percentage of the Rio Tinto Group pursuant to this Article VII, the Rio
Tinto Group's ownership of common membership units shall be calculated to include (i) all shares of CPE Common Stock owned by the Rio Tinto Group as a result of (x) the exercise by any
member of the Rio Tinto Group of the Redemption Right (as such term is defined in the LLC Agreement) and (y) the exercise by CPE LLC of the CPE Redemption Right (as such term is
defined in the LLC Agreement) and (ii) any shares of CPE Common Stock acquired from another member of the Rio Tinto Group provided that such other member of the Rio Tinto Group acquired
such shares of CPE Common Stock in a transaction described in clause (i) above, but excluding (x) any shares of CPE Common Stock otherwise acquired by the Rio Tinto Group and
(y) any common membership units issued to CPE by CPE LLC pursuant to Section 8.3 or  Section 9.1 of the LLC Agreement in connection
with the exercise of the Redemption Right or the CPE Redemption Right (unless the Rio Tinto
Group has 

35

 

disposed
of any of the shares of CPE Common Stock received in connection with the exercise of the Redemption Right or the CPE Redemption Right (other than to another member of the Rio Tinto Group in a
transaction described in clause (ii) above), in which case a number of common membership units issued to CPE by CPE LLC pursuant to  Section 8.3 or Section 9.1 of the LLC Agreement in connection with such exercise of
the Redemption Right or the CPE Redemption Right equal to the number of shares of CPE Common Stock disposed of by the Rio Tinto Group shall be included in determining the Rio Tinto Group's ownership
interest in CPE LLC). 

        7.2.    Corporate Reserves Data.    

        (a)   CPE
and CPE LLC agree that, unless otherwise agreed in writing by the Parties, if members of the Rio Tinto Group own (beneficially or otherwise), in the
aggregate, on any date during a fiscal year more than twenty percent (20)% of the then outstanding common membership units in CPE LLC (calculated in accordance with  Section 7.1(c) or,
notwithstanding such percentage, if any member of the Rio Tinto Group is required, in the Rio Tinto Parties' sole judgment,
during any fiscal year, in accordance with IFRS and/or GAAP to account for its investment in CPE or CPE LLC on a consolidated basis or under the equity method of accounting, then CPE and
CPE LLC shall deliver to the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group the Corporate Reserves Data with respect to the Cloud Peak Business as set forth on  Schedule 7.2(a), including for
purposes of this Section 7.2 reserve
information related to the Decker mine. CPE and CPE LLC shall deliver the reserves data and related schedules, reports, or internal memoranda comprising such Corporate Reserve Data within the
time periods specified on Schedule 7.2(a). The Corporate Reserves Data shall include all statistical, geological or other information necessary
for inclusion in any Rio Tinto Group member's filings or other reports with any Governmental Authority. The Corporate Reserves Data set forth on  Schedule 7.2(a) may be amended or modified by the
applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group as necessary or advisable from time to time as set
forth in Section 7.2(c) below. 

        (b)   The
Corporate Reserves Data provided under Section 7.2(a) shall be reported using such pricing and other
information as determined by CPE LLC in its reasonable best judgment under JORC or SEC Industry Guide 7 standards as set forth on  Schedule 7.2(a), unless otherwise indicated on Schedule 7.2(a). The appropriate competent
person at CPE LLC shall certify the Corporate Reserves Data provided as of December 31 of each fiscal year to the applicable member of the Rio Tinto Group under this  Section 7.2
consistent with the nature, type and detail of certification provided to the applicable members of the Rio Tinto Group prior to the
Closing. 

        (c)   All
information provided by CPE and CPE LLC or any of their respective Subsidiaries to the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group pursuant to this  Article VII, including the Corporate
Reserves Data set forth on Schedule 7.2(a), shall,
unless otherwise provided on Schedule 7.1(a) or as otherwise agreed in writing by the Parties, be prepared consistent in terms of format and
detail and otherwise with the procedures and practices in effect prior to the Closing Date with respect to the provision of such information by RTEA to RTEA or its Affiliates (and where appropriate,
as presently presented in financial and other reports delivered to the board of directors of RTEA or its Affiliates), with such changes therein as may be necessary to report such information in
accordance with JORC and/or SEC Industry Guide 7 or as may be reasonably requested by RTEA or its Affiliates from time to time, and any changes in such procedures or practices that are required in
order to comply with the rules and regulations of any applicable Governmental Authority, including the SEC and any other Governmental Authorities located in Australia, the United Kingdom or the United
States of America, as applicable. In the event that any member of the Rio Tinto Group requests any such amendment or modification, such member of the Rio Tinto Group shall deliver in writing no later
than forty-five (45) days prior to the time any such amendment or modification is to be in effect an updated version of  Schedule 7.2(a), 

36

 

which
updated version shall replace in its entirety any previously delivered versions of such schedule. 

        (d)   The
Rio Tinto Parties shall have the right to review and audit the Corporate Reserves Data provided pursuant to this  Section 7.2. The Cloud Peak Parties hereby agree to provide to the Rio Tinto Parties
or any Representative of the Rio Tinto Parties such records
and other Information and access to Cloud Peak personnel as may be required in connection with any such review or audit pursuant to this  Section 7.2(d). The Rio Tinto Parties hereby agree to
reimburse the Cloud Peak Parties for the reasonable out-of-pocket
costs, if any, for the provision of such Information or access. 

        7.3.    Other Financial Information.    For so long as CPE and CPE LLC are required to
provide Information to any member of the Rio Tinto Group pursuant to Section 7.1 or  Section 7.2: 

        (a)   CPE
and CPE LLC shall provide to the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group upon request such other financial information and analyses of CPE, CPE LLC
and their respective Subsidiaries that may be necessary for any member of the Rio Tinto Group or as is reasonably requested by any member of the Rio Tinto Group to (1) comply with applicable
financial reporting requirements or its customary financial reporting practices or (2) respond in a timely manner to any reasonable requests for information regarding CPE, CPE LLC and
their respective Subsidiaries received by any member of the Rio Tinto Group from investors, financial analysts or any Governmental Authority; provided,  however, that neither RTEA nor any member of the Rio Tinto Group shall disclose any material, non-public information of CPE or
CPE LLC except (i) pursuant to policies and procedures mutually agreed upon by the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group and the Cloud Peak Group for the disclosure of such
information or (ii) as otherwise required by applicable Law. In connection therewith, CPE and CPE LLC shall also permit any member of the Rio Tinto Group, the independent registered
public accountants of the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group (the "Rio Tinto Auditors") and other Representatives or advisors of the Rio Tinto
Group (including legal counsel) to discuss the affairs, finances and accounts of any member of the Cloud Peak Group with the officers of CPE and CPE LLC and the independent registered public
accountants of CPE (the "Cloud Peak Auditors"), all at such times and as often as the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group may reasonably request
upon reasonable notice during normal business hours. 

        (b)   CPE,
CPE LLC and their respective Representatives shall undertake to answer any questions related to the Information provided to the applicable member(s) of the
Rio Tinto Group pursuant to this Article VII and to provide, on a timely basis, any additional information reasonably requested by the applicable
member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group. 

        7.4.    Other Agreements.    CPE and CPE LLC agree that, for so long as CPE and
CPE LLC are required to provide Information to any member of the Rio Tinto Group pursuant to Section 7.1 or  Section 7.2: 

        (a)   Maintenance of Books and Records. CPE and CPE LLC shall, and shall cause each of their respective consolidated
Subsidiaries to, (i) make and keep books, records and accounts, which, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of CPE and
CPE LLC and such Subsidiaries and (ii) devise and maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that: (x) transactions are executed
in accordance with management's general or specific authorization, (y) transactions are recorded as necessary (1) to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP or
any other criteria applicable to such statements and (2) to maintain accountability for assets and (z) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or
specific authorization. 

37

 

        (b)   Fiscal Year. CPE and CPE LLC shall, and shall cause each of their respective consolidated Subsidiaries to,
maintain a fiscal year which commences on January 1 and ends on December 31 of each calendar year; provided that, if on the Closing Date
any consolidated Subsidiary of CPE or CPE LLC has a fiscal year which ends on a date other than December 31, CPE and CPE LLC shall use their reasonable best efforts to cause such
Subsidiary to change its fiscal year to one which ends on December 31 if such change is reasonably practicable. 

        (c)   Public Information and SEC Reports. CPE shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries that files information with the
SEC to, cooperate with the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group in preparing reports, notices and proxy and information statements to be sent or made available by CPE or such Subsidiaries to
their security holders, all regular, periodic and other reports filed under Sections 13, 14 and 15 of the Exchange Act by CPE or such Subsidiaries and all registration statements and
prospectuses to be filed by CPE or such Subsidiaries with the SEC or any national securities exchange pursuant to the listed company manual (or similar requirements) of such exchange (collectively,
"Cloud Peak Public Filings") and deliver to RTEA (to the attention of its
[                                    ]), no later than the date the
same
are printed for distribution to its shareholders, sent to its shareholders or filed with the SEC, whichever is earliest, final copies of all Cloud Peak Public Filings,  provided, however, that CPE shall
use commercially reasonable efforts to deliver to RTEA the final form of its Annual Report on
Form 10-K, together with all certifications required by applicable Law by each of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of CPE and an opinion thereon by CPE's
independent registered public accountants, no later than 9:00 a.m., New York city time, on the second day prior to the day CPE is required to file its Annual Report on
Form 10-K with the SEC. CPE and CPE LLC shall cooperate with the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group in preparing all press releases and other statements to be made
available by CPE and CPE LLC or any of their respective Subsidiaries to the public, including, without limitation, information concerning material developments in the business, properties,
results of operations, financial condition or prospects of CPE and CPE LLC or any of their respective Subsidiaries. The Rio Tinto Group shall have the right to review, if practicable,
reasonably in advance of the public release or release to financial analysts or investors (1) all press releases and other written statements to be made available by CPE and CPE LLC or
any of their respective Subsidiaries to the public (excluding press releases or written statements that relate primarily to trade matters), (2) all reports and other information prepared by CPE
and CPE LLC or any of their respective Subsidiaries for release to financial analysts or investors and (3) all Cloud Peak Public Filings; provided,
however, that the applicable member(s) of the Cloud Peak Group shall have the sole right to determine the timing of all such releases, and provided,
further, that neither RTEA nor any member of the Rio Tinto Group shall disclose any material, non-public information of CPE or CPE LLC except
(i) pursuant to policies and procedures mutually agreed upon by RTEA and CPE and CPE LLC for the disclosure of such information and (ii) as required by applicable Law. No press
release, report, registration, information or proxy statement, prospectus or other document which refers, or contains information with respect, to any member of the Rio Tinto Group shall be filed with
the SEC or otherwise made public or released to any financial analyst or investor by CPE or CPE LLC, and CPE and CPE LLC shall not permit any of their respective Subsidiaries to file or
otherwise make public or release such information, without the prior written consent of the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group with respect to those portions of such document that contain
information with respect to
any member of the Rio Tinto Group except as may be required by applicable Law (in such cases CPE and CPE LLC shall use their reasonable best efforts to notify the relevant member of the Rio
Tinto Group and to obtain such member's consent before making such a filing with the SEC or otherwise making any such information public). 

        (d)   Earnings Releases. Except with respect to the public release of financial information set forth on  Schedule 7.4(d), the Rio Tinto Group agrees that, unless
required by Law or unless CPE 

38

 

and
CPE LLC shall have consented thereto, no member of the Rio Tinto Group will publicly release any financial information of CPE, CPE LLC or any of their respective Subsidiaries
("Cloud Peak Information") delivered to the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group pursuant to this  Article VII prior to the time that the
applicable member(s) of the Cloud Peak Group publicly releases financial information for the relevant
period. The applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group will consult with CPE and CPE LLC, and CPE and CPE LLC will cooperate with the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group in
coordinating the timing of any public release of any Cloud Peak Information. 

        (e)   Suspension of Information Requirements. CPE and CPE LLC agree that the Rio Tinto Parties or any other member(s) of
the Rio Tinto Group may temporarily or permanently suspend any of the requirements of CPE and CPE LLC to deliver Information to the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group pursuant to this  Article VII upon three (3) days prior notice to CPE and CPE LLC. 

        (f)    Cooperation. In addition to CPE and CPE LLC's obligations pursuant to  Section 7.1 or Section 7.2, CPE and
CPE LLC will use their commercially reasonable
efforts to provide to the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group on a timely basis all Information that the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group reasonably require for any Rio Tinto Public
Filings, including, as available, preliminary financial information and Information that, in the judgment of the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group's legal department, is required to be
disclosed therein under any Law. CPE and CPE LLC further agree to provide to the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group such information, including any required IFRS and/or GAAP financial
information with respect to CPE and CPE LLC and their consolidated Subsidiaries, with sufficient and reasonable time in advance and in sufficient detail to permit the Rio Tinto Auditors to take
all steps and perform all review necessary to provide sufficient assistance to the Rio Tinto Auditors with respect to information to be included or contained in the Rio Tinto Public Filings. CPE and
CPE LLC agree to use their respective commercially reasonable efforts to provide such Information in a timely manner to enable the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group to prepare, print
and release such Rio Tinto Public Filings on such date as the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group shall determine. CPE and CPE LLC further agree to use their respective commercially
reasonable efforts to provide any other Information in a timely manner that is reasonably requested by any member of the Rio Tinto Group in connection with any acquisition, divestiture, public or
private offering or other similar transaction by such member of the Rio Tinto Group. 

        7.5.    Rio Tinto Public Filings.    For so long as CPE and CPE LLC are required to
provide Information to any member of the Rio Tinto Group pursuant to Section 7.1 or  Section 7.2, CPE and CPE LLC shall cooperate, and cause
its accountants to cooperate, with the applicable member(s) of Rio Tinto Group to
the extent reasonably requested by the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group in the preparation of Rio Tinto's, Rio Tinto Limited's or their respective Affiliates' press releases, public
earnings releases and any other filings or other reports (including reports containing historical financial information of RTEA) made by any member of the Rio Tinto Group or any of its Affiliates with
any Governmental Authority, any national securities exchange or otherwise made publicly available (collectively, "Rio Tinto Public Filings"). If and to
the extent reasonably requested by the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group, CPE and CPE LLC shall diligently and promptly review all drafts of such Rio Tinto Public Filings and prepare
in a diligent and timely fashion any portion of such Rio Tinto Public Filing pertaining to CPE, CPE LLC or their respective Subsidiaries. Prior to any printing or public release of any Rio
Tinto Public Filing, an appropriate executive officer of CPE or CPE LLC, shall, if requested by the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group, certify and represent to any such member(s) of
the Rio Tinto Group that the information provided by CPE and CPE LLC relating to CPE and CPE LLC, in such Rio Tinto Public Filing does not contain any 

39

 

untrue
statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact, in each case as determined based on a level of materiality applicable to a company with annual revenues equal to two times the
annual revenues of CPE LLC (the "Applicable Materiality Threshold"), required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein,
in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. CPE and CPE LLC may publicly release financial or other information which conflicts with the information with respect
to CPE and CPE LLC, any Affiliate of CPE or CPE LLC, or the Cloud Peak Group that is provided by CPE or CPE LLC for any Rio Tinto Public Filing only to the extent that such
conflicting information (a) relates to Corporate Reserves Data which is calculated on a different basis than that contained in the Rio Tinto Public Filing, (b) is required by Law or
(c) is otherwise consented to by RTEA. 

        7.6.    Accounting Matters.    For so long as the Cloud Peak Parties are required to provide
Information to any member of the Rio Tinto Group pursuant to Section 7.1 or Section 7.2: 

        (a)   Provision of Information. The Rio Tinto Parties and the Cloud Peak Parties hereby agree to provide such records and other
Information to the other Parties to enable (i) the other Party' Auditor to conduct reasonable audits relating to the financial statements of such Parties and (ii) the other Parties'
management and Auditor to conduct an assessment of such Parties' internal control over financial reporting as required by applicable Law. 

        (b)   Access to Personnel and Working Papers. The Rio Tinto Parties and the Cloud Peak Parties will request that the Rio Tinto
Auditors and the Cloud Peak Auditors, respectively, (i) make available to the other Parties' Auditors both the personnel who performed or are performing the annual audits of any member of the
Cloud Peak Group or Rio Tinto Group, respectively, and (ii) consistent with customary professional practice and courtesy of the Rio Tinto Auditors and the Cloud Peak Auditors, respectively,
with respect to the furnishing of work papers, work papers related to the annual audits of any member of the Cloud Peak Group or Rio Tinto Group, respectively, in all cases within a reasonable time
prior
to the opinion date for the other Parties' Auditors, so that such Auditors are able to perform the procedures they consider necessary to take responsibility for the work of the other Parties'
Auditors, all within sufficient time to enable the applicable member(s) of the respective Groups to meet its timetable for the printing, filing and public dissemination of any public filing required
by applicable Law (including the Rio Tinto Annual Report). 

        (c)   Accountants' Report. Promptly, but in no event later than five (5) Business Days following the receipt thereof,
the Cloud Peak Parties shall deliver to the applicable member(s) of the Rio Tinto Group copies of all reports submitted to CPE and CPE LLC or any of their respective Subsidiaries by their
independent registered public accountants, including, without limitation, each report submitted to CPE and CPE LLC or any of their respective Subsidiaries concerning its accounting practices
and systems and any comment letter submitted to management in connection with their annual audit and all responses by management to such reports and letters. 

        (d)   Compensation. The Party requesting Information or access to personnel and work papers pursuant to this  Section 7.6 agrees to reimburse the other Party for the
reasonable out-of-pocket costs, if any, of providing such
Information or access. 

        7.7.    Agreement for Exchange of Information; Archives.    

        (a)   Each
of the Rio Tinto Parties, on the one hand, and the Cloud Peak Parties, on the other hand, agrees to provide, or cause to be provided, to the other Group, at any
time before or after the Closing Date, as soon as reasonably practicable after written request therefor, any Information in the possession or under the control of such respective Group which the
requesting party reasonably needs (i) to comply with reporting, disclosure, filing or other requirements imposed on the requesting party (including under applicable securities or Tax Laws) by a
Governmental Authority having jurisdiction over the requesting party, (ii) for use in any other judicial, regulatory, 

40

 

administrative,
tax or other proceeding or in order to satisfy audit, accounting, claims, regulatory, litigation, tax or other similar requirements, in each case other than claims or allegations that
one Party to this Agreement has against the other, or (iii) subject to the foregoing clause (ii), to comply with its obligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Document;  provided,
however, that in the event that any Party determines that any such provision of Information
could be commercially detrimental, violate any Law or agreement, or waive any attorney-client privilege, the Parties shall take all reasonable measures to permit the compliance with such obligations
in a manner that avoids any such harm or consequence. Each of RTEA and KMS, on the one hand, and CPE and CPE LLC, on the other hand, agrees to cause the respective members of their respective
Groups to comply with this Section 7.7(a). 

        (b)   After
the Closing Date, CPE and CPE LLC shall have access during regular business hours (as in effect from time to time) to the documents and objects of historic
significance that relate to the Cloud
Peak Business that are located in archives retained or maintained by any member of the Rio Tinto Group. CPE and CPE LLC may obtain copies (but not originals unless it is a Cloud Peak Asset) of
documents for bona fide business purposes and may obtain objects for exhibition purposes for commercially reasonable periods of time if required for bona fide business purposes, provided that CPE and
CPE LLC shall cause any such objects to be returned promptly in the same condition in which they were delivered to CPE and CPE LLC and CPE and CPE LLC shall comply with any rules,
procedures or other requirements, and shall be subject to any restrictions (including prohibitions on removal of specified objects), that are then applicable to RTEA. CPE and CPE LLC shall pay
the applicable fee or rate per hour for archives research services (subject to increase from time to time to reflect rates then in effect for RTEA generally). Nothing herein shall be deemed to
restrict the access of any member of the Rio Tinto Group to any such documents or objects or to impose any liability on any member of the Rio Tinto Group if any such documents or objects are not
maintained or preserved by RTEA. 

        (c)   After
the Closing Date, the Rio Tinto Parties shall have access during regular business hours (as in effect from time to time) to the documents and objects of historic
significance that relate to the businesses of any member of the Rio Tinto Group that are located in archives retained or maintained by any member of the Cloud Peak Group. The Rio Tinto Parties may
obtain copies (but not originals unless it is not a Cloud Peak Asset) of documents for bona fide business purposes and may obtain objects for exhibition purposes for commercially reasonable periods of
time if required for bona fide business purposes, provided that the Rio Tinto Parties shall cause any such objects to be returned promptly in the same condition in which they were delivered to the Rio
Tinto Parties and the Rio Tinto Parties shall comply with any rules, procedures or other requirements, and shall be subject to any restrictions (including prohibitions on removal of specified
objects), that are then applicable to CPE or CPE LLC. The Rio Tinto Parties shall pay the applicable fee or rate per hour for archives research services (subject to increase from time to time
to reflect rates then in effect for CPE or CPE LLC generally). Nothing herein shall be deemed to restrict the access of any member of the Cloud Peak Group to any such documents or objects or to
impose any liability on any member of the Cloud Peak Group if any such documents or objects are not maintained or preserved by CPE or CPE LLC. 

        (d)   The
Party requesting Information pursuant to this Section 7.7 agrees to reimburse the other Party for the
reasonable out-of-pocket costs, if any, of providing such Information. 

        7.8.    Ownership of Information.    Any Information owned by one Group that is provided to a
requesting party pursuant to Section 7.7 shall be deemed to remain the property of the providing party. Unless specifically set forth herein,
nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed as granting or conferring rights of license or otherwise in any such Information. 

41

 

        7.9.    Compensation for Providing Information.    As compensation for CPE or CPE LLC
providing Information pursuant to this Article VII, RTEA agrees to promptly reimburse CPE and CPE LLC for the reasonable
out-of-pocket costs, if any, reasonably incurred in providing such Information. RTEA also agrees to pay to CPE LLC on a quarterly basis $ 14,025 as compensation for the
reasonable internal costs incurred by CPE or CPE LLC in providing information pursuant to this Article VII. On a quarterly basis, the
Parties shall review the amount of the quarterly fee and make such changes as may reasonably be necessary to ensure neither party is unduly burdened or unduly benefited by such fee. 

        7.10.    Record Retention.    To facilitate the possible exchange of Information pursuant to
this Article VII and other provisions of this Agreement after the Closing Date, the Parties agree to use their reasonable best efforts to, and to cause their Subsidiaries to, retain all
Information in their respective possession or control in accordance with the policies of Rio Tinto as in effect on the Closing Date or such other policies as may be reasonably adopted by the
appropriate Party after the Closing Date. No Party will destroy, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to destroy, any Information which the other Party may have the right to obtain pursuant to this
Agreement prior to the third anniversary of the date hereof without first using its reasonable best efforts to notify the other Party of the proposed destruction and giving the other Party the
opportunity to take possession of such Information prior to such destruction; provided, however, that in the case of any Information relating to Taxes
or employee benefits, such period shall be extended to the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations (giving effect to any extensions thereof); provided
further, however, no Party will destroy, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to destroy, any Information required to be retained
by applicable Law. 

        7.11.    Accuracy of Information.    

        (a)   CPE
and CPE LLC, jointly and severally, represent and warrant that any Information provided to any member of the Rio Tinto Group under this  Article VII will not contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading, and, with respect to any financial Information, will fairly present in all material
respects the Information contained therein, in each case as determined based on the Applicable Materiality Threshold. 

        (b)   Notwithstanding
Section 7.11(a), no Party shall have any liability to any other Party in the event that any
Information exchanged or provided pursuant to this Agreement which is delineated as an estimate or forecast, or which is based on an estimate or forecast, is found to be inaccurate in the absence of
willful misconduct by the Party providing such Information. No Party shall have any liability to any other Party if any Information is destroyed after reasonable best efforts by such Party to comply
with the provisions of Section 7.10. 

        (c)   Notwithstanding
any other provision of this Agreement, and with respect to any and all Claims (whether for breach or nonperformance of contract, negligence,
indemnification, or any other theory of liability), neither CPE nor CPE LLC shall be liable to the Rio Tinto Parties for any damages, including punitive, incidental, consequential, indirect or
special damages (including lost profits, lost revenues and loss of business), whether foreseeable or not, arising out of any untrue statement of material fact contained in any Information provided by
Rio Tinto Services Inc. to CPE LLC pursuant to the Transition
Services Agreement if (i) such Information was used to prepare any Information provided to the Rio Tinto Group pursuant to this  Article VII and (ii) such Information was the sole cause of
such damages. 

        7.12.    Other Agreements Providing for Exchange of Information.    

        (a)   The
rights and obligations granted under this Article VII are subject to any specific limitations, qualifications
or additional provisions on the sharing, exchange, retention or confidential treatment of Information set forth in any Transaction Document. 

42

 

        (b)   When
any Information provided by one Group to the other (other than Information provided pursuant to Section 7.10)
is no longer needed for the purposes contemplated by this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or is no longer required to be retained by applicable Law, the receiving party will promptly after
request of the other party either return to the other party all Information in a tangible form (including all copies thereof and all notes, extracts or summaries based thereon) or certify to the other
party that it has destroyed such Information (and such copies thereof and such notes, extracts or summaries based thereon). 

        7.13.    Production of Witnesses; Records; Cooperation.    

        (a)   After
the Closing Date, with respect to any Claim (including a Third Party Claim) and except in the case of an adversarial Action by one Party against another Party,
each Party hereto shall cooperate and consult to the extent reasonably necessary with respect to any Claim with each other Party and use its reasonable best efforts to make available to each other
Party, upon written request, the former, current and future directors, officers, employees, other personnel and agents of the members of its respective Group as witnesses and any books, records or
other documents within its control or which it otherwise has the ability to make available, to the extent that any such person (giving consideration to business demands of such directors, officers,
employees, other personnel and agents) or books, records or other documents may reasonably be required in connection with any Claim in which the requesting party may from time to time be involved,
regardless of whether such Claim is a matter with respect to which indemnification may be sought hereunder. The requesting party shall bear all costs and expenses in connection therewith. 

        (b)   In
connection with any matter contemplated by this Section 7.13, the Parties will maintain to the extent
practicable any applicable attorney-client privilege, work product immunity or other applicable privileges or immunities of any member of any Group, and will, to the extent necessary and desirable,
enter into a joint defense or common interest agreement. 

        7.14.    Preservation of Legal Privileges.    

        (a)   The
Rio Tinto Parties, on the one hand, and the Cloud Peak Parties, on the other hand, recognize that the members of their respective Groups possess and will possess
information and advice that has been previously developed but is legally protected from disclosure under legal privileges, such as the attorney-client privilege or work product exemption and other
concepts of legal protection ("Privilege"). The Rio Tinto Parties, on the one hand, and the Cloud Peak Parties, on the other hand, recognize that they
shall be jointly entitled to the Privilege with respect to such privileged information and that each shall be entitled to maintain, preserve and assert for its own benefit all such information and
advice, but both Parties shall ensure that such information is maintained so as to protect the Privileges with respect to the other Party's interest. To that end, neither the Rio Tinto Parties, on the
one hand, nor the Cloud Peak Parties, on the other hand, will knowingly waive or compromise any Privilege associated with such information and advice without the prior written consent of the Rio Tinto
Parties, on the one hand, or the Cloud Peak Parties, on the other hand, as applicable. In the event that privileged information is required to be disclosed to any arbitrator or mediator in connection
with a dispute between the Rio Tinto Parties, on the one hand, and the Cloud Peak Parties, on the other hand, such disclosure shall not be deemed a waiver of Privilege with respect to such
information, and any Party receiving it in connection with a proceeding shall be informed of its nature and shall be required to safeguard and protect it. 

        (b)   The
provision of any information pursuant to this Article VII shall not be deemed a waiver of any Privilege.
Following the Closing Date, neither CPE nor CPE LLC, on the one hand, nor RTEA nor KMS, on the other hand, nor their respective Subsidiaries will be required to provide any information pursuant
to this Article VII if the provision of such information would serve as a waiver of any Privilege afforded such information. 

43

 

        (c)   The
rights and obligations created by this Section 7.14 shall apply to all information relating to the Cloud Peak
Business as to which, prior to the Closing, any Party would have been entitled to assert or did assert the protection of a Privilege, including (i) any and all information generated prior to
the Closing Date but which, after the Closing, is in the possession of any Party and (ii) all information generated, received or arising after the Closing Date that reflects or incorporates
information described in the preceding clause (i). 

        (d)   Upon
receipt by any Party of any subpoena, discovery or other request that may call for the production or disclosure of information that is the subject of a Privilege,
or if a Party obtains knowledge that any current or former employee of a Party has received any subpoena, discovery or other request that may call for the production or disclosure of such information,
such Party shall provide the other Parties a reasonable opportunity to review the information and to assert any rights it may have under this  Section 7.14 or otherwise to prevent the production or
disclosure of such
information. Absent receipt of written consent from the Rio Tinto Parties, on the one hand, or the Cloud Peak Parties, on the other hand, as applicable, to the production or disclosure of information
that may be covered by a Privilege, each Party agrees that it will not produce or disclose any information that may be covered by a Privilege unless a court of competent jurisdiction has entered a
final, nonappealable order finding that the information is not entitled to protection under any applicable Privilege. 

44

 

 
 

  ARTICLE VIII
  ADDITIONAL COVENANTS    
    

        8.1.    Further Assurances.    

        (a)   The
Parties shall (or shall cause their appropriate Group members or Representatives, as appropriate, to) execute and deliver such other agreements, instruments and
documents as may be necessary or desirable in order to effect the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents. At the request of CPE or CPE LLC, RTEA, KMS or
any other member of the Rio Tinto Group shall (and shall cause applicable members of the Rio Tinto Group to) execute and deliver to CPE and CPE LLC and/or the applicable members of the Cloud
Peak Group such other instruments of transfer, conveyance, assignment, substitution and confirmation and take such other actions as CPE and CPE LLC may reasonably deem necessary or desirable in
order (a) to transfer, convey and assign to CPE or CPE LLC and the other members of the Cloud Peak Group, as applicable, the Cloud Peak Assets, (b) to put CPE and CPE LLC
and the other members of the Cloud Peak Group, as applicable, in actual possession and operating control thereof (subject to any necessary governmental consents, permits and licenses, which shall be
the responsibility of CPE and CPE LLC), and (c) to permit CPE and CPE LLC and the other members of the Cloud Peak Group, as applicable, to exercise all rights with respect
thereto. At the request of RTEA or KMS, CPE and CPE LLC shall (and shall cause applicable members of the Cloud Peak Group to) execute and deliver to RTEA or KMS and/or the applicable members of
the Rio Tinto Group all instruments, assumptions, novations, undertakings, substitutions or other documents and take such other action as RTEA may reasonably deem necessary or desirable in order to
ensure that CPE and CPE LLC and the other members of the Cloud Peak Group fully and unconditionally assume and discharge the Cloud Peak Liabilities as contemplated under this Agreement, the
other Transaction Documents or any document in connection herewith or therewith, and relieve the Rio Tinto Group of any Liability with respect thereto and evidence the same to third Persons. Each
Party hereby agrees to pay their respective
out-of-pocket costs, expenses and fees in connection with its obligations under this Section 8.1, including any
attorneys' fees, recording, assignment or other similar fees. 

        (b)   On
or prior to the Closing Date, RTEA, KMS, CPE and CPE LLC, in their capacity as direct and indirect stockholders of their respective Subsidiaries, shall each
ratify and/or cause any actions that are reasonably necessary or desirable to be taken by RTEA, KMS, CPE, CPE LLC or any other Subsidiary of RTEA, KMS, CPE or CPE LLC, as the case may
be, to effectuate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. On or prior to the Closing Date, CPE shall take all actions as may be necessary to approve the stock-based employee benefit plans of
CPE in order to satisfy the requirements of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations of The New York Stock Exchange. 

        (c)   The
Parties agree to use their commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that any amounts erroneously paid following the Closing Date by a third party to the other Party
pursuant to the Agency Agreement, the RTEA Coal Supply Contract or any other customer contract shall be promptly remitted to the other Party upon notice of such error by either Party. 

        8.2.    Rio Tinto Group Non-Competition.    For a period of 12 months
following the IPO Closing Date (the "Non-Compete Period") no member of the Rio Tinto Group shall, directly or indirectly, engage in any
Competitive Business or associate (including but not limited to association as a sole proprietor, owner, employer, principal, investor, joint venturer, shareholder, associate, employee, member,
consultant, contractor or otherwise) with any Business Entity engaging in any Competitive Business with respect to such Competitive Business. For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this  Section 8.2
shall prohibit any member of the Rio Tinto Group from: 

45

 

        (a)   owning
securities in any Competitive Business, but only to the extent that the Rio Tinto Group does not own, of record or beneficially, more than 5% of the outstanding
beneficial ownership of such Competitive Business (other than ownership in CPE or CPE LLC); or 

        (b)   engaging
in: 

          (i)  any
other business or operation that is not a Competitive Business, including, any production business or other production operation related to the Colowyo mine (or any
expansion of the mine's business) or not located in the Power River Basin, whether or not involving the production of coal of any kind; 

         (ii)  any
Competitive Business following the expiration of the Non-Compete Period; or 

        (iii)  selling
coal or other goods produced outside of the Powder River Basin to customers located in the Powder River Basin or who are otherwise customers of Cloud Peak. 

Each
Party acknowledges that no member of the Rio Tinto Group, or any of its executive officers or directors, shall be liable to CPE or any of its shareholders or CPE LLC or any of its members
for breach of fiduciary or other duty by reason of the fact that the Rio Tinto Group engaged in any activity set forth in clause (a) or (b) above; unless, however, such activity was
presented to a Person who was also a director or officer of CPE or CPE LLC solely in his or her capacity as such. For purposes of this  Section 8.2, "Competitive
Business" means any coal mining or coal production business or other
coal production operation in the coal industry within the Powder River Basin which is competitive with the Cloud Peak Business, other than the Cloud Peak Business. For the avoidance of doubt, any
business or operation of the Rio Tinto Group in respect of the matters provided for in the Agency Agreement, the RTEA Coal Supply Agreement or any other agreement in writing between the Parties or the
expansion of any existing business or operation (including, but not limited to, the Colowyo mine) shall not be deemed a Competitive Business for purposes of this  Section 8.2. 

        8.3.    Non-Solicitation of Employees.    For a period of 12 months
following the Closing Date, no member of the Cloud Peak Group or the Rio Tinto Group shall, directly or indirectly, solicit or assist any other individual, person, firm or other entity in soliciting,
any employee of the other Party's Group without such other Party's written consent. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following shall not be deemed to be a violation of this  Section 8.3:
(a) a general solicitation of employment made by or on behalf of any member of the Cloud Peak Group or Rio Tinto Group that
is not specifically directed towards employees of the other Group, (b) the employment of any individual who, after the Closing Date, initiates on its own accord contact with any member of the
other Group for purposes of seeking employment or (c) the hiring by a Group of any Person from the other Group whose employment has been terminated or who has been demoted to a position with
responsibilities or remuneration substantially less than such Person's current position without the prior consent of such Person by such other Group. For purposes of this  Section 8.3, "solicit"
means to have any direct or indirect communication of any kind whatsoever, regardless of by whom initiated, inviting,
advising, encouraging or requesting any person or entity, in any manner, to terminate their employment with any member of the applicable Group, or recommending or suggesting (including by identifying
a person or entity to a third party) that a third party take any of the foregoing actions. 

        8.4.    Payment of Expenses.    Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the other
Transaction Documents or any other agreement between the Parties relating to the Initial Public Offering or the Transactions, all out-of-pocket costs and expenses of the
Parties hereto (including, but not limited to, the fees, costs and expenses of the Cloud Peak Auditor) in connection with the preparation of this Agreement and the other Transactions Documents, the
Initial Public Offering and the Transactions, including all direct costs incurred in connection with the Initial Public Offering and the Transactions (other than underwriting or initial purchasers'
fees, discounts and commissions in connection with the Initial Public Offering, Debt Offering and the Cloud Peak Financing) through the IPO Closing Date, 

46

 

shall
be paid by RTEA or any other member of the Rio Tinto Group. RTEA shall also pay those fees, costs or expenses incurred after the IPO Closing Date expressly listed on  Schedule 8.4. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, neither RTEA nor any other member of the Rio Tinto Group shall be responsible for
(i) reimbursing CPE or CPE LLC for the salaries of any CPE or CPE LLC employee in connection with the Transactions or (ii) paying the fees, costs or expenses of any Cloud
Peak Public Filing. 

        8.5.    Provision of Additional Services.    The Parties agree that if any Party needs
services in addition to the services provided for in this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents ("Additional Services") to comply with
commercially applicable Laws, the other Parties will upon request take reasonable actions to provide such Additional Services at the cost of the Party receiving such Additional Services;  provided, that
the Party providing such Additional Services will not have to pay any costs or incur any Liabilities that are not reimbursed by the Party
receiving such Additional Services. 

        8.6.    Governmental Approvals.    The Parties acknowledge that certain of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents may be subject to certain conditions established by applicable government regulations, orders, and approvals
("Existing Authority"). To the extent that any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any other Transaction Document require any
Governmental Approvals, the Parties will use their reasonable best efforts to obtain any such Governmental Approvals. 

        8.7.    Covenants Against Taking Certain Actions Affecting RTEA.    

        (a)   CPE
and CPE LLC hereby covenant and agree that they shall not, without the prior written consent of RTEA and KMS (which it may withhold in its sole and absolute
discretion) take, or cause to be taken, directly or indirectly, any action, including making or failing to make any election under the Law of any state, which has the effect, directly or indirectly,
of restricting or limiting the ability of RTEA, KMS or any of their Affiliates to freely sell, transfer, assign, pledge or otherwise dispose of shares of CPE Common Stock or the common membership
units of CPE LLC. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, CPE and CPE LLC shall not, without the prior written consent of RTEA and KMS (which they may withhold in their sole
and absolute discretion), take any action, or recommend to its stockholders any action, which would among other things, limit the legal rights of, or deny any benefit to, RTEA or KMS as a CPE
stockholder, as applicable, in a manner not applicable to CPE stockholders generally. 

        (b)   With
respect to those contracts and arrangements set forth on Schedule 8.7(b), CPE and CPE LLC shall not
take, and shall cause each other member of the Cloud Peak Group not to take, any actions that reasonably could result in any member of the Rio Tinto Group being in breach of or in default under any
such contract or agreement; provided, that, except as set forth in any Transaction Document or otherwise agreed to in writing by any member of the Cloud
Peak Group, the foregoing shall not obligate any member of the Cloud Peak Group to satisfy any volume assumptions or targets in any such contracts or agreements that are not specifically applicable to
such member of the Cloud Peak Group in such contracts or agreements. CPE and CPE LLC hereby acknowledge and agree that RTEA and KMS have made available to Cloud Peak copies of each contract or
agreement (or the relevant portion thereof) described on Schedule 8.7(b). The Parties acknowledge and agree that, after the date hereof, RTEA and
KMS may in good faith (and not solely with the intention of imposing restrictions on CPE or CPE LLC pursuant to this covenant) amend the referenced agreements;  provided that RTEA and KMS shall use
their reasonable best efforts to notify and consult with CPE and CPE LLC prior to entering into any such
amendments or additional contracts or agreements to the extent that compliance therewith (i) could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on any member of the Cloud Peak Group
or (ii) would discriminate in an adverse way in the treatment of members of the Cloud Peak Group as compared with RTEA or KMS and their other Affiliates, and shall make available to CPE and
CPE LLC copies of such amendments or additional contracts or agreements. 

47

 

        (c)   CPE
and CPE LLC shall not, without RTEA's and KMS' prior written consent, enter into any agreement or arrangement that, directly or indirectly, binds or purports
to bind any member of the Rio Tinto Group. 

        8.8.    No Violations.    

        (a)   CPE
and CPE LLC covenant and agree that they shall not, and shall cause their respective Subsidiaries not to, take any action or enter into any commitment or
agreement that CPE or CPE LLC knows or should have known may reasonably be anticipated to result, with or without notice and with or without lapse of time or otherwise, in a contravention or
event of default by any member of the Rio Tinto Group of: (i) any provisions of applicable Law; (ii) any provision of the organizational documents of any member of the Rio Tinto Group in
effect as of the Closing Date; (iii) any credit agreement or other material instrument listed on Schedule 8.8(a); or (iv) any
judgment, order or decree of any Governmental Authority having jurisdiction over any member of the Rio Tinto Group or any of its respective assets. 

        (b)   RTEA
and KMS covenant and agree that they shall not, and shall cause their respective Subsidiaries not to, take any action or enter into any commitment or agreement that
RTEA or KMS knows or should have known may reasonably be anticipated to result, with or without notice and with or without
lapse of time or otherwise, in a contravention or event of default by any member of the Cloud Peak Group of: (i) any provisions of applicable Law; (ii) any provision of the
organizational documents of CPE or CPE LLC; (iii) any credit agreement or other material instrument listed on Schedule 8.8(b);
(iv) the Cloud Peak Financing and the Cloud Peak Notes; or (v) any judgment, order or decree of any Governmental Authority having jurisdiction over CPE or CPE LLC or any of their
respective Assets. 

        (c)   CPE
and CPE LLC, on the one hand, and RTEA and KMS, on the other hand, agree to provide to the other Parties any Information and documentation reasonably
requested by the other for the purpose of evaluating and ensuring compliance with Sections 8.8(a) and  Section 8.8(b) hereof. 

        (d)   Notwithstanding
Section 8.8(b), nothing in this Agreement is intended to limit or restrict in any way RTEA's, KMS'
or their respective Affiliates' rights, if any, as stockholders of CPE. 

        8.9.    Receipt of Notices.    If a Party receives a notice or other communication from any
Governmental Authority or third party, or otherwise becomes aware of any fact or circumstance after the Closing Date relating to an Asset, contract or ownership interest transferred to the other Party
or Liability assumed by the other Party, it will promptly forward the notice or other communication to the other Party or give notice to the other Party of such fact or circumstance of which it has
become aware. Each of RTEA and KMS, on the one hand, and CPE and CPE LLC, on the other hand, will comply, and will cause members of their respective Groups to comply, with this  Section 8.9.

 
 

  ARTICLE IX
  MISCELLANEOUS    
    

        9.1.    Corporate Power.    RTA, RTEA and KMS represent on behalf of themselves, and each of
CPE, CPE LLC and the Subsidiaries named on Schedule A represents on behalf of themselves, as follows: 

        (a)   each
such Person has the requisite corporate or other power and authority and has taken all corporate or other action necessary in order to execute, deliver and perform
each of this Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby; and 

48

 

        (b)   this
Agreement and each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed and delivered by it and constitutes a valid and binding agreement of it
enforceable in accordance with the terms thereof. 

        9.2.    Assignment.    No Party shall assign, transfer or otherwise alienate any or all of its
rights or interest under this Agreement, other than to an Affiliate, without the express prior written consent of each of the other Parties, which consent may be granted or withheld in such other
Party's sole discretion. Any attempted transfer in violation of the previous sentence shall be invalid and ineffective ab initio. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Agreement, express or
implied, is intended to restrict any Party from selling any of its Assets after the Closing Date to another Person. 

        9.3.    Public Announcements.    The Rio Tinto Parties and the Cloud Peak Parties shall
consult with each other before issuing, and give each other the opportunity to review and comment upon, any press release or other public statements with respect to the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, and shall not issue any such press release or make any such public statement prior to such consultation, except as may be required by applicable Law,
court process or by obligations pursuant to any listing agreement with any national securities exchange or national securities quotation system. 

        9.4.    Survival of Covenants.    Except as expressly set forth in any Transaction Document,
the covenants and other agreements contained in this Agreement and each Transaction Document, and liability for the breach of any obligations contained herein or therein, shall survive each of the
Closing and the Transactions and shall remain in full force and effect. 

        9.5.    Notices.    Any notice, instruction, direction or demand required under the terms of
this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be duly given upon delivery, if delivered by hand, facsimile transmission or mail (with postage prepaid), to the following addresses: 

        (a)   If
to a member of the Cloud Peak Group, to: 

Cloud
Peak Energy Inc.

General Counsel

505 S. Gillette Avenue

Gillette, Wyoming 82716

(307) 687-6000

Fax: (307) 687-6059 

        (b)   If
to a member of the Rio Tinto Group, to: 

Rio
Tinto Energy America Inc.

    c/o Chief Executive Officer

4700 Daybreak Parkway

South Jordan, Utah 84095

(801) 204-2000

Fax: (801) 204-2892 

With
a copy to (which shall not constitute notice): 

Legal
Department

Rio Tinto Services Inc.

4700 Daybreak Parkway

South Jordan, Utah 84095

(801) 204-2000

Fax: (801) 204-2892 

or
to such other addresses or telecopy numbers as may be specified by like notice to the other Parties. 

49

 

        9.6.    Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial.    

        (a)   This
Agreement and, unless expressly provided therein, each other Transaction Document, is to be construed in accordance with and governed by the internal laws of the
State of New York without giving effect to any choice of law rule that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the internal laws of the State of New York to the rights
and duties of the Parties. 

        (b)   Each
Party hereby irrevocably and unconditionally consents to submit to the sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the Southern District
of New York or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, the Supreme Court of the State of New York sitting in New York County (the "New York
Courts") for any legal action or other legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the negotiation, validity or performance of this Agreement, or the
transactions contemplated thereby (and agrees not to commence any legal action or other legal proceeding relating thereto except in such courts, including to enforce any settlement, order or award).
Each Party hereto: 

          (i)  consents
to service of process in any such proceeding in any manner permitted by the laws of the State of New York, and also agrees that service of process by
registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, at its address specified pursuant to Section 9.5 is sufficient and reasonably calculated
to give actual notice; 

         (ii)  agrees
that the New York Courts shall be deemed to be a convenient forum; and 

        (iii)  waives
and agrees not to assert (by way of motion, as a defense or otherwise), in any such legal proceeding commenced in the New York Courts that such Party is not
subject personally to the jurisdiction of such court, that such legal proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of such proceeding is improper or that this Agreement or the
subject matter hereof or thereof may not be enforced in or by such court. 

        (c)   Except
as otherwise set forth in Section 9.10(b)(iv), in the event of any action or other proceeding relating to
this Agreement or the enforcement of any provision of this Agreement, the prevailing party (as determined by the court) shall be entitled to payment by the non-prevailing party of all
costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) incurred by the prevailing party, including any costs and expenses incurred in connection with any challenge to the jurisdiction or the
convenience or propriety of venue of proceedings before the New York Courts. 

        (d)   Each
of the Parties hereto hereby waives to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law any right it may have to a trial by jury with respect to any legal action or
other legal proceeding directly or indirectly arising out of, under or in connection with this Agreement, the Transaction Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby. Each of the
Parties hereto (a) certifies that no
Representative, agent or attorney of any other Party has represented, expressly or otherwise, that such other Party would not, in the event of litigation, seek to enforce that foregoing waiver and
(b) acknowledges that it and the other Parties hereto have been induced to enter into this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, as applicable, by, among other things,
the mutual waivers set forth in this Section 9.6(d). 

        9.7.    Severability.    If any terms or other provision of this Agreement shall be determined
by a court, administrative agency or arbitrator to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not render the entire Agreement invalid. Rather, this
Agreement shall be construed as if not containing the particular invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision, and all other provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and
effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner materially adverse to either Party. Upon such determination that any term or
other provision is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to 

50

 

effect
the original intent of the Parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner to the end that the transactions contemplated hereby are fulfilled to the fullest extent permitted under
applicable Law. 

        9.8.    Amendment.    This Agreement may only be amended by a written agreement executed by
the Parties. 

        9.9.    Counterparts and Signature.    This Agreement may be executed in separate
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same agreement. This Agreement may be executed by electronic transmission,
including by facsimile or electronic mail, by each Party hereto of a signed signature page hereof to the other Party. 

        9.10.    Dispute Resolution.    Unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the Parties, any
controversy or Claim, whether based on contract, tort, statute or other legal or equitable theory (including any Claim of fraud, misrepresentation or fraudulent inducement or any question of validity
or effect of this Agreement, other than with respect to Section 3.9, including this  Section 9.10) (in each such case, a "Dispute") arising out of or related to this Agreement, or
any Transaction Document other than the Tax Receivable Agreement (it being understood that disputes arising under the Tax Receivable Agreement shall be resolved by reference to the dispute resolution
mechanisms contained therein), or the breach or termination thereof, shall be resolved in accordance with this Section 9.10. All communications
between the Parties or their Representatives in connection with the attempted resolution of any Dispute shall be deemed to have been delivered in furtherance of a Dispute settlement and shall be
exempt from discovery and production, and shall not be admissible in evidence for any reason (whether as an admission or otherwise), in any arbitral or other proceeding for the resolution of the
Dispute. 

        (a)   Direct Negotiation. First, the Party making a Claim shall provide notice thereof to the Party against which such Claim is
asserted pursuant to Section 9.5 of this Agreement, and the Parties in Dispute
(each, a "Disputing Party") shall promptly (but no later than ten (10) Business Days after the date of such notice) meet (whether by phone or in
person) in a good faith attempt to resolve the Dispute. Second, if the Dispute is still unresolved after the date of such good faith attempt, within fifteen (15) Business Days following the
commencement of such good faith attempt, an officer of each Group with full authority to resolve such Dispute shall meet (whether by phone or in person) in a good faith attempt to resolve the Dispute.
Third, if the Dispute is still unresolved after the date of such second good faith attempt, then such Dispute shall be submitted to mediation in accordance with Section 9.10(b). 

        (b)   Mediation. If the Dispute is to be submitted to mediation in accordance with  Section 9.10(a), the mediator will be selected by mutual agreement of the Groups,
which agreement shall be reached in good faith and on a timely
basis (but no later than ten (10) Business Days after the date of the second good faith attempt). If they are unable to agree on a mediator, then the mediator shall be selected by Judicial
Arbitration and Mediation Services, Inc., or its successor ("JAMS"), or if JAMS is no longer able to supply the mediator, such mediator shall be selected from the American Arbitration
Association. 

          (i)  Mediation Procedure. The mediation will be conducted pursuant to the rules generally used by the mediator in the
mediator's practice, subject to the following: 

        (A)  The
mediator will act as an advocate for resolution and will use his or her best efforts to assist the Parties in reaching a mutually acceptable settlement. The mediator
may suggest ways of resolving the Dispute, but may not impose his or her own judgment on the issues or that of the Parties. The mediator will not have the authority to decide any issue for the
Parties, but will attempt to facilitate the voluntary resolution of the Dispute by the Parties. 

51

 

        (B)  Each
Person participating in the mediation will have authority to settle, and all Persons necessary to the decision to settle will be present during the entire mediation
session or sessions. 

        (C)  The
mediation will take place at a time and convenient location agreeable to the mediator and the Parties, as the mediator will determine, but such mediation will take
place no later than sixty (60) Business Days after the selection of the mediator under Section 9.10(b) and will take place over two
(2) consecutive days. 

        (D)  Mediation
sessions will be private, and only the Parties and their representatives may attend the mediation sessions. Other Persons may attend the mediation sessions
only with the permission of the Parties and with the consent of the mediator. 

        (E)  There
will be no stenographic record of the mediation process, and no Person will tape record any portion of the mediation sessions. 

        (F)  No
subpoenas, summons, complaints, citations, writs, or other process may be served at or away from the site of any mediation session upon any Person who then is
entering, on the way to, in attendance or leaving the session. 

        (G)  The
Parties will participate in the mediation proceeding in good faith with the intention to settle. 

        (H)  No
later than five (5) days prior to the mediation, each Party will deliver to the mediator information reasonably required for the mediator to understand the
issues presented, which may include a confidential memorandum setting forth the following: 

        (1)   identification
of the matters in dispute; 

        (2)   concise
statement of points (factual, legal, practical) that such Party believes enhances its chance of achieving a favorable outcome of the Dispute; and 

        (3)   history
of settlement discussions and outstanding offers of settlement. 

        (I)   The
above rules may be modified or amended with the Parties' written consent. 

         (ii)  Release. The mediator will not be a necessary or proper party in any Action relating to the mediation. Neither the
mediator, the Person employing the mediator, nor the Person providing the mediator will be liable to any Party for any acts or omissions in connection with any mediation conducted pursuant to
this Section 9.10. 

        (iii)  Compromise Negotiation. The mediation is a compromise negotiation for purposes of the applicable rules of evidence and
is an alternative dispute resolution procedure subject to the laws chosen to govern this Agreement. The entire procedure is and will be confidential. All conduct, statements, promises, offers, views
and opinions, whether oral or written, made in the course of the mediation by any of the Parties, their agents, employees or other representatives and by the mediator, who is the Parties' joint agent
for purposes of these compromise negotiations, are confidential and will, in addition where appropriate, be deemed to be work product and privileged. Such conduct, statements, promises, offers, views
and opinions will not be discoverable or admissible for any purposes, including impeachment, if any litigation or other proceedings involve the Parties and will not be disclosed to anyone not an
agent, employee, expert or other representative for any of the Parties. Evidence otherwise discoverable or admissible is not excluded from discovery or admission as a result of its use in the
mediation. Confidential Information disclosed to the mediator by the Parties or by witnesses in the course of the mediation will not be divulged by the mediator. All records, reports or other
documents received by the mediator while serving in that capacity will be 

52

 

confidential.
The mediator will not be compelled to divulge such records or to testify with regard to the mediation in any adversary proceeding or judicial forum. 

        (iv)  Costs of Mediation. The Parties will bear their respective costs incurred in connection with the mediation described in
this Section 9.10, except that the Parties will share equally the fees and expenses of the mediator, the costs of obtaining the facility for the
mediation, and the fees and expenses of any experts employed at the mediator's request. 

         (v)  Termination of Mediation. The mediation will be terminated upon the first to occur of the following: 

        (A)  by
the execution of a settlement agreement resolving the dispute by the Parties; 

        (B)  by
a declaration of the mediator to the effect that further efforts at mediation are no longer worthwhile; or 

        (C)  after
the completion of two (2) full days of mediation sessions, by declaration of a Party or Parties to the effect that mediation proceedings are terminated. 

        (vi)  Litigation. No Party may bring (or have brought) any Action in any forum with respect to any Dispute arising out of or
related to this Agreement or any Transaction Document, or the breach or termination thereof, until such Party has fully complied with Sections 9.10(a) and (b) with respect to such
Dispute, except with respect to: 

        (A)  any
Dispute relating to RTEA's or KMS' rights as a stockholder of CPE or a Member of CPE LLC pursuant to applicable Law, CPE's Charter or Bylaws or the LLC
Agreement; and 

        (B)  any
Dispute for which a Party is seeking injunctive relief if time is of the essence and irreparable harm will result in the absence of such injunctive relief. 

        9.11.    No Third-Party Beneficiaries.    This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of, and be
binding upon, the Parties hereto, their Affiliates and their respective legal representatives, successors and assigns. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, nothing in this Agreement,
express or implied, is intended to confer upon any other Person any rights or remedies of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement. 

        9.12.    Waiver.    A provision of this Agreement may be waived only by a writing signed by
the Party intended to be bound by the waiver. A Party is not prevented from enforcing any right, remedy or condition in the Party's favor because of any failure or delay in exercising any right or
remedy or in requiring satisfaction of any condition, except to the extent that the Party specifically waives the same in writing. A written waiver given for one matter or occasion is effective only
in that instance and only for the purpose stated. A waiver once given is not to be construed as a waiver for any other matter or occasion. Any enumeration of a Party's rights and remedies in this
Agreement is not intended to be exclusive, and a Party's rights and remedies are intended to be cumulative to the extent permitted by Law and include any rights and remedies authorized in Law or in
equity. 

        9.13.    Entire Agreement.    This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents constitute
the entire agreement between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede (a) all prior oral or written proposals or agreements, (b) all
contemporaneous oral proposals or agreements and (c) all previous negotiations and all other communications or understandings between the Parties, in each case with respect to the subject
matter hereof and thereof. To the extent any portion of this Agreement conflicts with any of the Transaction Documents, this Agreement shall control; provided,
however, that any specific provision in the Tax Receivable Agreement shall control with respect to any Tax matter. 

53

 

 
        IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Master Agreement to be signed by their duly authorized representatives. 

 

 

					
	 	 	Rio Tinto America Inc.
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Rio Tinto Energy America Inc.
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Kennecott Management Services Company
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Cloud Peak Energy Inc.
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Cloud Peak Energy Resources LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Antelope Coal LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  

 

 54

 
 

 

					
	

 	
 	
Caballo Rojo Holdings LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Caballo Rojo LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Cloud Peak Energy Services Company
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Cloud Peak Energy Finance Corp.
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Cordero Mining Holdings LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Cordero Mining LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Kennecott Coal Sales LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
NERCO Coal LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  

 

 55

 
 

 

					
	

 	
 	
NERCO Coal Sales LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
NERCO LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Northern Coal Transportation LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Prospect Land and Development LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Resource Development LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Sequatchie Valley Coal Corporation
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Spring Creek Coal LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	

 	
 	
Western Minerals LLC
	

 	
 	
By:	
 	

 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Name:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  
	 	 	Title:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	

  

 

 56

QuickLinks

Exhibit 10.21

MASTER SEPARATION AGREEMENT by and among RIO TINTO AMERICA INC., RIO TINTO ENERGY AMERICA INC., KENNECOTT MANAGEMENT SERVICES COMPANY, CLOUD PEAK ENERGY INC., CLOUD PEAK ENERGY RESOURCES LLC and the subsidiaries
listed on the signature pages hereto

Dated , 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MASTER SEPARATION AGREEMENT

RECITALS

ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS

ARTICLE II STRUCTURING AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

ARTICLE III INTERCOMPANY TRANSACTIONS AS OF THE CLOSING DATE

ARTICLE IV DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION

ARTICLE V MUTUAL RELEASES

ARTICLE VI INDEMNIFICATION

ARTICLE VII FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

ARTICLE VIII ADDITIONAL COVENANTS

ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS

Source: [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00165-of-00352.parquet"}, [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00165-of-00352.parquet"}]]