Document:

Exhibit 10.4

 

EXECUTION VERSION

 

 

 

TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT

 

by and among

 

TRADEWEB MARKETS INC.

 

TRADEWEB MARKETS LLC

 

and

 

THE MEMBERS OF TRADEWEB MARKETS LLC

FROM TIME TO TIME PARTY HERETO

 

Dated as of April 8, 2019

 

 

 

 

CONTENTS

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
Page
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
Article I. DEFINITIONS
    	
2
    
	
Section 1.1
    	
Definitions
    	
2
    
	
Section 1.2
    	
Rules of   Construction
    	
10
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Article II. DETERMINATION   OF REALIZED TAX BENEFIT
    	
11
    
	
Section 2.1
    	
Basis Adjustments; TWM   LLC 754 Election
    	
11
    
	
Section 2.2
    	
Basis Schedules
    	
11
    
	
Section 2.3
    	
Tax Benefit Schedules
    	
12
    
	
Section 2.4
    	
Procedures; Amendments
    	
12
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Article III. TAX BENEFIT   PAYMENTS
    	
14
    
	
Section 3.1
    	
Timing and Amount of   Tax Benefit Payments
    	
14
    
	
Section 3.2
    	
No Duplicative Payments
    	
16
    
	
Section 3.3
    	
Pro-Ration of Payments   as Between the Members
    	
16
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Article IV. TERMINATION
    	
17
    
	
Section 4.1
    	
Early Termination of   Agreement; Breach of Agreement
    	
17
    
	
Section 4.2
    	
Early Termination   Notice
    	
18
    
	
Section 4.3
    	
Payment Upon Early   Termination
    	
19
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Article V. SUBORDINATION   AND LATE PAYMENTS
    	
19
    
	
Section 5.1
    	
Subordination
    	
19
    
	
Section 5.2
    	
Late Payments by the   Corporation
    	
20
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Article VI. TAX MATTERS;   CONSISTENCY; COOPERATION
    	
20
    
	
Section 6.1
    	
Participation in the Corporation’s   and TWM LLC’s Tax Matters
    	
20
    
	
Section 6.2
    	
Consistency
    	
20
    
	
Section 6.3
    	
Cooperation
    	
20
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Article VII. MISCELLANEOUS
    	
21
    
	
Section 7.1
    	
Notices
    	
21
    
	
Section 7.2
    	
Counterparts
    	
21
    
	
Section 7.3
    	
Entire Agreement; No   Third Party Beneficiaries
    	
22
    
	
Section 7.4
    	
Governing Law
    	
22
    
	
Section 7.5
    	
Severability
    	
22
    
	
Section 7.6
    	
Assignments;   Amendments; Successors; No Waiver
    	
22
    
	
Section 7.7
    	
Titles and Subtitles
    	
23
    
	
Section 7.8
    	
Resolution of Disputes
    	
23
    
	
Section 7.9
    	
Reconciliation
    	
24
    
	
Section 7.10
    	
Withholding
    	
25
    
	
Section 7.11
    	
Admission of the   Corporation into a Consolidated Group; Transfers of Corporate Assets
    	
25
    

 

i

 

	
Section 7.12
    	
Confidentiality
    	
26
    
	
Section 7.13
    	
Change in Law
    	
26
    
	
Section 7.14
    	
Interest Rate   Limitation
    	
27
    
	
Section 7.15
    	
Independent Nature of   Rights and Obligations
    	
27
    

 

Exhibits

 

	
Exhibit A
    	
-
    	
Form of Joinder Agreement
    

 

ii

 

TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT

 

This TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of April 8, 2019, is hereby entered into by and among Tradeweb Markets Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”), Tradeweb Markets LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“TWM LLC”) and each of the Members from time to time party hereto. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the respective meanings set forth in Section 1.1.

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS, TWM LLC is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

WHEREAS, each of the members of TWM LLC as of the date hereof other than the Corporation (such members, together with each other Person who becomes a party hereto by satisfying the Joinder Requirement, the “Members”) owns (or, in the case of such other Persons, will own or formerly owned, in each case, directly or indirectly) common limited liability company interests in TWM LLC (the “Units”);

 

WHEREAS, the Corporation is the managing member of TWM LLC, and the registered owner of Units;

 

WHEREAS, on the date hereof, the Corporation issued shares of its Class A Common Stock to certain purchasers in an initial public offering of its Class A Common Stock (the “IPO”);

 

WHEREAS, on the date hereof, the Corporation acquired Units directly from certain Members using proceeds from the IPO;

 

WHEREAS, on and after the date hereof, pursuant to Article XI of the LLC Agreement, each Member has the right, in its sole discretion, from time to time to have all or a portion of its Units redeemed by TWM LLC for Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, or, at the Corporation’s election, cash (in each case, a “Redemption”); provided that, at the election of the Corporation in its sole discretion, the Corporation may effect a direct exchange of such cash or shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock for such Units (a “Direct Exchange”);

 

WHEREAS, TWM LLC and any direct or indirect subsidiary (owned through a chain of pass-through entities) of TWM LLC that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes (together with TWM LLC and any direct or indirect subsidiary (owned through a chain of pass-through entities) of TWM LLC that is treated as a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (the “TWM LLC Group”) will have in effect an election under Section 754 of the Code (as defined herein) as provided under Section 2.1(b) for the Taxable Year (as defined herein) in which any Exchange (as defined below) occurs, which election will result in an adjustment to the Corporation’s share of the tax basis of the assets owned by the TWM LLC Group as of the date of the Exchange, with a consequent result on the taxable income subsequently derived therefrom; and

 

 

WHEREAS, the parties to this Agreement desire to provide for certain payments and make certain arrangements with respect to any tax benefits to be derived by the Corporation as the result of Exchanges and making payments under this Agreement, and to ease administrative burdens, an assumed tax rate shall be used to approximate the Corporation’s state and local liabilities for Covered Taxes (as defined herein) without regard to such tax benefits for each Taxable Year.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the respective covenants and agreements set forth herein, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I.
 DEFINITIONS

 

Section 1.1                                    Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the terms set forth in this Article I shall have the following meanings (such meanings to be equally applicable to both (i) the singular and plural and (ii) the active and passive forms of the terms defined).

 

“Actual Interest Amount” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(vii) of this Agreement.

 

“Actual Tax Liability” means, with respect to any Taxable Year,  the sum of (i) the actual liability for Covered Taxes of the Corporation (a) appearing on the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for such Taxable Year and (b) if applicable, determined in accordance with a Determination (including interest imposed in respect thereof under applicable law) and (ii) the product of (a) the amount of the U.S. federal income or gain for such Taxable Year reported on the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation and (b) the Blended Rate.

 

“Advisory Firm” means an accounting firm that is nationally recognized as being expert in Covered Tax matters, selected by the Corporation.

 

“Advisory Firm Letter” means a letter prepared by the Advisory Firm (at the expense of the Corporation) stating that the relevant Schedules, notices or other information to be provided by the Corporation to the Members, along with all supporting schedules and work papers, were prepared in a manner that is consistent with the terms of this Agreement and, to the extent not expressly provided in this Agreement, on a reasonable basis in light of the facts and law in existence on the date such Schedules, notices or other information were delivered to the Members.

 

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, such first Person.

 

“Agreed Rate” means LIBOR plus 100 basis points.

 

“Agreement” is defined in the preamble.

 

“Amended Schedule” is defined in Section 2.4(b) of this Agreement.

 

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“Attributable” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(i) of this Agreement.

 

“Audit Committee” means the audit committee of the Board.

 

“Basis Adjustment” means the increase or decrease to, or the Corporation’s share of, the tax basis of the Reference Assets (i) under Section 734(b) (but only to the extent that an Exchange is treated as an event that gives rise to such adjustment), 743(b), 754 and 755 of the Code and, in each case, the comparable sections of U.S. state and local tax law (in situations where, following an Exchange, TWM LLC remains in existence as an entity for tax purposes) and (ii) under Sections 732 and 1012 of the Code and, in each case, the comparable sections of U.S. state and local tax law (in situations where, as a result of one or more Exchanges, TWM LLC becomes an entity that is disregarded as separate from its owner for tax purposes), in each case, as a result of any Exchange and any payments made under this Agreement. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the amount of any Basis Adjustment resulting from an Exchange of one or more Units shall be determined without regard to any Pre-Exchange Transfer of such Units and as if any such Pre-Exchange Transfer had not occurred to the extent that such Pre-Exchange Transfer resulted in an increase to the tax basis of any Reference Assets under Section 743(b) of the Code.

 

“Basis Schedule” is defined in Section 2.2 of this Agreement.

 

“Beneficial Owner” means, with respect to any security, a Person who directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares: (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote, or to direct the voting of, with respect to such security and/or (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose of, or to direct the disposition of, such security.

 

“Blended Rate” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the sum of the maximum effective rates of tax imposed on the aggregate net income of the Corporation in each state or local jurisdiction in which the Corporation files Tax Returns for such Taxable Year, with the maximum effective rate in any state or local jurisdiction being equal to the product of: (i) the apportionment factor on the income or franchise Tax Return filed by the Corporation in such jurisdiction for such Taxable Year, and (ii) the maximum applicable corporate tax rate in effect in such jurisdiction in such Taxable Year. As an illustration of the calculation of Blended Rate for a Taxable Year, if the Corporation solely files Tax Returns in State 1 and State 2 in a Taxable Year, the maximum applicable corporate tax rates in effect in such states in such Taxable Year are 6.5% and 5.5%, respectively, and the apportionment factors for such States in such Taxable Year are 55% and 45%, respectively, then the Blended Rate for such Taxable Year is equal to 6.05% (i.e., 6.5% times 55% plus 5.5% times 45%).

 

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

 

“Business Day” means any day excluding Saturday, Sunday and any day that is a legal holiday under the laws of the State of New York or is a day on which banking institutions located in New York are closed.

 

“Change of Control” means the occurrence of any of the following events:

 

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(1)                                 any “person” or “group” (within the meaning of Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding any Permitted Holder) becomes the Beneficial Owner of securities of the Corporation representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the Corporation’s then outstanding voting securities; or

 

(2)                                 the shareholders of the Corporation approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Corporation or there is consummated an agreement or series of related agreements for the sale or other disposition, directly, or indirectly, by the Corporation of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets (including through a sale of assets of TWM LLC), other than such sale or other disposition by the Corporation of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets to any Permitted Holder or to an entity at least fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are owned by shareholders of the Corporation in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Corporation immediately prior to such sale.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a “Change of Control” shall not be deemed to have occurred by virtue of the consummation of any transaction or series of integrated transactions immediately following which (i) the record holders of the Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock, Class C Common Stock and Class D Common Stock of the Corporation immediately prior to such transaction or series of transactions continue to have substantially the same proportionate ownership in and voting control over, and own substantially all of the shares of, an entity which owns all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation immediately following such transaction or series of transactions or (ii) the Beneficial Ownership of securities of the Corporation changes solely due to changes in the Beneficial Ownership of securities of a Permitted Holder.

 

“Class A Common Stock” means the Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Corporation.

 

“Class B Common Stock” means the Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Corporation.

 

“Class C Common Stock” means the Class C Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Corporation.

 

“Class D Common Stock” means the Class D Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Corporation.

 

“Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

 

“Corporation” is defined in the preamble to this Agreement.

 

“Covered Taxes” means any and all U.S. federal, state and local taxes, assessments or similar charges that are based on or measured with respect to net income or profits, whether as an

 

4

 

exclusive or an alternative basis (including for the avoidance of doubt, franchise taxes), and any interest imposed in respect thereof under applicable law.

 

“Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(iii) of this Agreement.

 

“Default Rate” means LIBOR plus 500 basis points.

 

“Default Rate Interest” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(ix) of this Agreement.

 

“Determination” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 1313(a) of the Code or similar provision of U.S. state or local tax law, as applicable, or any other event (including the execution of IRS Form 870-AD) that finally and conclusively establishes the amount of any liability for tax.

 

“Direct Exchange” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Dispute” is defined in Section 7.8(a) of this Agreement.

 

“Early Termination Effective Date” means the date of an Early Termination Notice for purposes of determining the Early Termination Payment.

 

“Early Termination Notice” is defined in Section 4.2 of this Agreement.

 

“Early Termination Payment” is defined in Section 4.3(b) of this Agreement.

 

“Early Termination Rate” means the Agreed Rate.

 

“Early Termination Reference Date” is defined in Section 4.2 of this Agreement.

 

“Early Termination Schedule” is defined in Section 4.2 of this Agreement.

 

“Exchange” means (i) any Direct Exchange, (ii) any Redemption or (iii) any other transaction (including using proceeds of the IPO) or any distribution by TWM LLC that, in each case, results in an adjustment under Sections 743(b) or 1012 of the Code with respect to the TWM LLC Group.

 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor provisions thereto.

 

“Exchange Date” means the date of any Exchange.

 

“Expert” is defined in Section 7.9 of this Agreement.

 

“Extension Rate Interest” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(viii) of this Agreement.

 

“Final Payment Date” means any date on which a payment is required to be made pursuant to this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the Final Payment Date in respect of a Tax Benefit Payment is determined pursuant to Section 3.1(a) of this Agreement.

 

5

 

“Hypothetical Federal Tax Liability” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the hypothetical liability of the Corporation that would arise in respect of U.S. federal Covered Taxes, using the same methods, elections, conventions and similar practices used on the actual relevant U.S. federal Tax Returns of the Corporation but (i) calculating depreciation, amortization, or other similar deductions, or otherwise calculating any items of income, gain, or loss, using the Non-Adjusted Tax Basis as reflected on the Basis Schedule, including amendments thereto for such Taxable Year, (ii) excluding any deduction attributable to Imputed Interest for such Taxable Year and (iii) deducting the Hypothetical Other Tax Liability (rather than any amount for state and local tax liabilities) for such Taxable Year . For the avoidance of doubt, the Hypothetical Federal Tax Liability shall be determined without taking into account the carryover or carryback of any tax item (or portions thereof) that is attributable to any of the items described in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) of the previous sentence.

 

“Hypothetical Other Tax Liability” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, U.S. federal taxable income determined in connection with calculating the Hypothetical Federal Tax Liability for such Taxable Year (determined without regard to clause (iii) thereof) multiplied by the Blended Rate for such Taxable Year.

 

“Hypothetical Tax Liability” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the Hypothetical Federal Tax Liability for such Taxable Year, plus the Hypothetical Other Tax Liability for such Taxable Year.

 

“Imputed Interest” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(vi) of this Agreement.

 

“Independent Directors” means the members of the Board who are “independent” under the standards set forth in Rule 10A-3 promulgated under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1933, as amended, and the corresponding rules of the applicable exchange on which the Class A Common Stock is traded or quoted.

 

“IPO” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“IRS” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.

 

“Joinder” means a joinder to this Agreement, in form and substance substantially similar to Exhibit A to this Agreement.

 

“Joinder Requirement” is defined in Section 7.6(a) of this Agreement.

 

“LIBOR” means during any period, a rate per annum equal to the ICE LIBOR rate for a period of one month (“ICE LIBOR”), as published on the applicable Bloomberg screen page (or such other commercially available source providing quotations of ICE LIBOR as may be designated by the Corporation from time to time) at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, two (2) Business Days prior to the commencement of such period, for dollar deposits (for delivery on the first day of such period) with a term equivalent to such period. If ICE LIBOR ceases to be published, “LIBOR” shall mean a rate, selected by the Corporation in good faith, with characteristics similar to ICE LIBOR or consistent with market practices generally.

 

6

 

“LLC Agreement” means that certain Fifth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of TWM LLC, dated as of the date hereof, as such agreement may be further amended, restated, supplemented and/or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

“Market Value” shall mean the Common Unit Redemption Price, as defined in the LLC Agreement.

 

“Members” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Net Tax Benefit” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(ii) of this Agreement.

 

“Non-Adjusted Tax Basis” means, with respect to any Reference Asset at any time, the tax basis that such asset would have had at such time if no Basis Adjustments had been made.

 

“Objection Notice” is defined in Section 2.4(a)(i) of this Agreement.

 

“Parties” means the parties named on the signature pages to this agreement and each additional party that satisfies the Joinder Requirement, in each case with their respective successors and assigns.

 

“Permitted Holder” means (i) any “person” or “group” who, on the date of the consummation of the IPO, is the Beneficial Owner of securities of the Corporation representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the Corporation’s then outstanding voting securities), (ii) any investment fund, co-investment vehicle and/or other similar vehicles or accounts managed or advised by any “person” or “group” in clause (i) or (iii) any Affiliates (other than any portfolio operating companies) or any successors of any “person” or “group” in clauses (i) or (ii).

 

“Person” means any individual, corporation, firm, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, estate, trust, business association, organization, governmental entity or other entity.

 

“Pre-Exchange Transfer” means any transfer of one or more Units (including upon the death of a Member or upon the issuance of Units resulting from the exercise of an option to acquire such Units) (i) that occurs prior to an Exchange of such Units and (ii) to which Section 743(b) of the Code applies.

 

“Realized Tax Benefit” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(iv) of this Agreement.

 

“Realized Tax Detriment” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(v) of this Agreement.

 

“Reconciliation Dispute” is defined in Section 7.9 of this Agreement.

 

“Reconciliation Procedures” is defined in Section 2.4(a) of this Agreement.

 

“Redemption” has the meaning in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

7

 

“Reference Asset” means any asset or liability of TWM LLC or any of its successors or assigns, and whether held directly by TWM LLC or indirectly by TWM LLC through a member of the TWM LLC Group, at the time of an Exchange. A Reference Asset also includes any asset or liability the tax basis of which is determined, in whole or in part, by reference to the tax basis of an asset or a liability that is described in the preceding sentence, including “substituted basis property” within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(42) of the Code.

 

“Schedule” means any of the following: (i) a Basis Schedule, (ii) a Tax Benefit Schedule, or (iii) the Early Termination Schedule, and, in each case, any amendments thereto.

 

“Senior Obligations” is defined in Section 5.1 of this Agreement.

 

“TWM LLC” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“TWM LLC Group” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person and as of any determination date, any other Person as to which such first Person (i) owns, directly or indirectly, or otherwise controls, more than 50% of the voting power or other similar interests of such other Person or (ii) is the sole general partner interest, or managing member or similar interest, of such Person.

 

“Subsidiary Stock” means any stock or other equity interest in any subsidiary entity of the Corporation that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

“Tax Benefit Payment” is defined in Section 3.1(b) of this Agreement.

 

“Tax Benefit Schedule” is defined in Section 2.3(a) of this Agreement.

 

“Tax Return” means any return, declaration, report or similar statement required to be filed with respect to taxes (including any attached schedules), including, without limitation, any information return, claim for refund, amended return and declaration of estimated tax.

 

“Taxable Year” means a taxable year of the Corporation as defined in Section 441(b) of the Code or comparable section of U.S. state or local tax law, as applicable (and, therefore, for the avoidance of doubt, may include a period of less than twelve (12) months for which a Tax Return is made), ending on or after the closing date of the IPO.

 

“Taxing Authority” shall mean any national, federal, state, county, municipal, or local government, or any subdivision, agency, commission or authority thereof, or any quasi-governmental body, or any other authority of any kind, exercising regulatory or other authority in relation to tax matters.

 

“Termination Objection Notice” is defined in Section 4.2 of this Agreement.

 

“Treasury Regulations” means the final, temporary, and (to the extent they can be relied upon) proposed regulations under the Code, as promulgated from time to time (including corresponding provisions and succeeding provisions) as in effect for the relevant taxable period.

 

8

 

“Two-Thirds Member Approval” means written approval by Members whose rights under this Agreement are attributable to at least two-thirds (2/3) of the Units outstanding (and not held by the Corporation) immediately after the IPO.

 

“U.S.” means the United States of America.

 

“Units” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Valuation Assumptions” shall mean, as of an Early Termination Effective Date, the assumptions that:

 

(1)                                 in each Taxable Year ending on or after such Early Termination Effective Date, the Corporation will have taxable income sufficient to fully use the deductions arising from the Basis Adjustments and the Imputed Interest during such Taxable Year or future Taxable Years (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Basis Adjustments and Imputed Interest that would result from future Tax Benefit Payments that would be paid in accordance with the Valuation Assumptions) in which such deductions would become available;

 

(2)                                 the U.S. federal income tax rates (and, for purposes of determining the Blended Rate for each such Taxable Year, the U.S. state and local income tax rates) that will be in effect for each such Taxable Year will be those specified for each such Taxable Year by the Code and other law as in effect on the Early Termination Effective Date, except to the extent any change to such tax rates for such Taxable Year have already been enacted into law;

 

(3)                                 all taxable income of the Corporation will be subject to the maximum applicable tax rates for each Covered Tax throughout the relevant period, provided, that the combined tax rate for U.S. state and local income taxes shall be the applicable Blended Rate;

 

(4)                                 any loss carryovers generated by any Basis Adjustment or Imputed Interest (including such Basis Adjustment and Imputed Interest generated as a result of payments under this Agreement) and available as of the date of the Early Termination Schedule will be used by the Corporation ratably in each Taxable Year from the date of the Early Termination Schedule through the scheduled expiration date of such loss carryovers or, if such carryovers do not have an expiration date, over the fifteen-year period after such carryovers were generated;

 

(5)                                 any non-amortizable assets (other than Subsidiary Stock) will be disposed of on the Early Termination Effective Date;

 

(6)                                 any Subsidiary Stock will be deemed never to be disposed of;

 

(7)                                 if, on the Early Termination Effective Date, any Member has Units that have not been Exchanged, then such Units shall be deemed to be Exchanged for the Market Value of the shares of Class A Common Stock that would be received by such Member if such Units had been Exchanged on the Early Termination Effective Date, and

 

9

 

such Member shall be deemed to receive the amount of cash such Member would have been entitled to pursuant to Section 4.3(a) had such Units actually been Exchanged on the Early Termination Effective Date; and

 

(8)                                 any payment obligations pursuant to this Agreement will be satisfied on the date that any Tax Return to which such payment obligation relates is required to be filed excluding any extensions.

 

Section 1.2                                    Rules of Construction. Unless otherwise specified herein:

 

(a)                                 The meanings of defined terms are equally applicable to both (i) the singular and plural forms and (ii) the active and passive forms of the defined terms.

 

(b)                                 For purposes of interpretation of this Agreement:

 

(i)                                     The words “herein,” “hereto,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision thereof.

 

(ii)                                  References in this Agreement to a Schedule, Article, Section, clause or sub-clause refer to the appropriate Schedule to, or Article, Section, clause or subclause in, this Agreement.

 

(iii)                               References in this Agreement to dollars or “$” refer to the lawful currency of the United States of America.

 

(iv)                              The term “including” is by way of example and not limitation.

 

(v)                                 The term “documents” includes any and all instruments, documents, agreements, certificates, notices, reports, financial statements and other writings, however evidenced, whether in physical or electronic form.

 

(c)                                  In the computation of periods of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word “from” means “from and including;” the words “to” and “until” each mean “to but excluding;” and the word “through” means “to and including.”

 

(d)                                 Section headings herein are included for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement.

 

(e)                                  Unless otherwise expressly provided herein, (a) references to organization documents (including the LLC Agreement), agreements (including this Agreement) and other contractual instruments shall be deemed to include all subsequent amendments, restatements, extensions, supplements and other modifications thereto, but only to the extent that such amendments, restatements, extensions, supplements and other modifications are permitted hereby; and (b) references to any law (including the Code and the Treasury Regulations) shall include all statutory and regulatory provisions consolidating, amending, replacing, supplementing or interpreting such law.

 

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ARTICLE II.
 DETERMINATION OF REALIZED TAX BENEFIT

 

Section 2.1                                    Basis Adjustments; TWM LLC 754 Election.

 

(a)                                 Basis Adjustments. The Parties acknowledge and agree that (A) each Redemption shall be treated as a direct purchase of Units by the Corporation from the applicable Member pursuant to Section 707(a)(2)(B) of the Code and (B) each Exchange will give rise to Basis Adjustments. In connection with any Exchange, the Parties acknowledge and agree that pursuant to applicable law the Corporation’s share of the basis in the Reference Assets shall be increased (or decreased) by the excess (or deficiency), if any, of (A) the sum of (x) the Market Value of Class A Common Stock or the cash transferred to a Member pursuant to an Exchange as payment for the Units, (y) the amount of payments made pursuant to this Agreement with respect to such Exchange and (z) the amount of liabilities allocated to the Units acquired pursuant to the Exchange, over (B) the Corporation’s proportionate share of the basis of the Reference Assets immediately after the Exchange attributable to the Units exchanged, determined as if each member of the TWM LLC Group (including, for the avoidance of doubt, TWM LLC) remains in existence as an entity for tax purposes and no member of the TWM LLC Group (including, for the avoidance of doubt, TWM LLC) made the election provided by Section 754 of the Code. For the avoidance of doubt, payments made under this Agreement shall not be treated as resulting in a Basis Adjustment to the extent such payments are treated as Imputed Interest or are Actual Interest Amounts. Further, the Parties intend that Basis Adjustments be calculated in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.743-1.

 

(b)                                 TWM LLC Section 754 Election. In its capacity as the sole managing member of TWM LLC, the Corporation will ensure that, on and after the date hereof and continuing throughout the term of this Agreement, TWM LLC and each of its direct and indirect Subsidiaries that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes will have in effect an election under Section 754 of the Code (and under any similar provisions of applicable U.S. state or local law) for each Taxable Year; provided that with respect to any direct or indirect subsidiary of TWM LLC that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes for which the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries do not have the authority under the governing documents of such subsidiary to cause or are otherwise prohibited from causing such subsidiary to have in effect an election under Section 754 of the Code (or under any similar provisions of applicable U.S. state or local law), the Corporation shall only be required to take commercially reasonable efforts to cause such subsidiary to have such an election in effect.

 

Section 2.2                                    Basis Schedules. Within one hundred fifty (150) calendar days after the filing of the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for each relevant Taxable Year, the Corporation shall deliver to the Members a schedule (the “Basis Schedule”) that shows, in reasonable detail as necessary in order to understand the calculations performed under this Agreement: (a) the Non-Adjusted Tax Basis of the Reference Assets; (b) the Basis Adjustments with respect to the Reference Assets as a result of the relevant Exchanges effected in such Taxable Year, calculated (I) in the aggregate (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Exchanges by all Members) and (II) solely with respect to Exchanges by the applicable Member; (c) the period (or periods) over which the Reference Assets are amortizable and/or depreciable; and (d) the period (or periods) over which each Basis Adjustment is amortizable and/or depreciable. The

 

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Basis Schedule will become final and binding on the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 2.4(a) and may be amended by the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 2.4(b).

 

Section 2.3                                    Tax Benefit Schedules.

 

(a)                                 Tax Benefit Schedule. Within one hundred fifty (150) calendar days after the filing of the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for any Taxable Year in which there is a Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment, the Corporation shall provide to the Members a schedule showing, in reasonable detail, the calculation of the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year (a “Tax Benefit Schedule”). The Tax Benefit Schedule will become final and binding on the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 2.4(a), and may be amended by the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 2.4(b).

 

(b)                                 Applicable Principles. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for each Taxable Year is intended to measure the decrease or increase in the Actual Tax Liability of the Corporation for such Taxable Year attributable to the Basis Adjustments and Imputed Interest, as determined using a “with and without” methodology described in Section 2.4(a). Carryovers or carrybacks of any tax item attributable to any Basis Adjustment or Imputed Interest shall be considered to be subject to the rules of the Code and the Treasury Regulations or the appropriate provisions of U.S. state and local tax law, as applicable, governing the use, limitation and expiration of carryovers or carrybacks of the relevant type. If a carryover or carryback of any tax item includes a portion that is attributable to a Basis Adjustment or Imputed Interest (a “TRA Portion”) and another portion that is not (a “Non-TRA Portion”), such portions shall be considered to be used in accordance with the “with and without” methodology so that: (i) the amount of any Non-TRA Portion is deemed utilized first, followed by the amount of any TRA Portion (with the TRA Portion being applied on a proportionate basis consistent with the provisions of Section 3.3(a)); and (ii) in the case of a carryback of a Non-TRA Portion, such carryback shall not affect the original “with and without” calculation made in the prior Taxable Year. The Parties agree that, subject to the second to last sentence of Section 2.1(a), all Tax Benefit Payments attributable to an Exchange will be treated as subsequent upward purchase price adjustments that give rise to further Basis Adjustments for the Corporation beginning in the Taxable Year of payment, and as a result, such additional Basis Adjustments will be incorporated into such Taxable Year continuing for future Taxable Years; provided, however, that if the Corporation determines in good faith that any incremental Basis Adjustment benefits with respect to a Tax Benefit Payment equals an immaterial amount, the Corporation shall include on the Tax Benefit Schedule for such Taxable Year a statement to that effect.

 

Section 2.4                                    Procedures; Amendments.

 

(a)                                 Procedures. Each time the Corporation delivers an applicable Schedule to the Members under this Agreement, including any Amended Schedule delivered pursuant to Section 2.4(b), but excluding any Early Termination Schedule or amended Early Termination Schedule delivered pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 4.2, the Corporation shall also: (x) deliver supporting schedules and work papers, as determined by the Corporation or as reasonably

 

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requested by any Member, that provide a reasonable level of detail regarding the data and calculations that were relevant for purposes of preparing the Schedule; (y) deliver an Advisory Firm Letter supporting such Schedule; and (z) allow the Members and their advisors to have reasonable access to the appropriate representatives, as determined by the Corporation or as reasonably requested by the Members, at the Corporation and the Advisory Firm in connection with a review of such Schedule. Without limiting the generality of the preceding sentence, the Corporation shall ensure that any Tax Benefit Schedule that is delivered to the Members, along with any supporting schedules and work papers, provides a reasonably detailed presentation of the calculation of the Actual Tax Liability of the Corporation for the relevant Taxable Year (the “with” calculation) and the Hypothetical Tax Liability of the Corporation for such Taxable Year (the “without” calculation), and identifies any material assumptions or operating procedures or principles that were used for purposes of such calculations. An applicable Schedule or amendment thereto shall become final and binding on the Parties thirty (30) calendar days from the date on which the Members first received the applicable Schedule or amendment thereto unless:

 

(i)                                     a Member within thirty (30) calendar days after receiving the applicable Schedule or amendment thereto, provides the Corporation with written notice of a material objection to such Schedule that is made in good faith and that sets forth in reasonable detail such Member’s material objection (an “Objection Notice”); or

 

(ii)                                  each Member provides a written waiver of its right to deliver an Objection Notice within the time period described in clause (i) above, in which case such Schedule or amendment thereto becomes binding on the date the waiver from all Members is received by the Corporation.

 

In the event that a Member timely delivers an Objection Notice pursuant to clause (i) above, and if the Parties, for any reason, are unable to successfully resolve the issues raised in the Objection Notice within thirty (30) calendar days after receipt by the Corporation of the Objection Notice, the Corporation and the Member shall employ the reconciliation procedures as described in Section 7.9 of this Agreement (the “Reconciliation Procedures”).

 

(b)                                 Amended Schedule. The applicable Schedule for any Taxable Year may be amended from time to time by the Corporation: (i) in connection with a Determination affecting such Schedule; (ii) to correct inaccuracies in the Schedule identified as a result of the receipt of additional factual information relating to a Taxable Year after the date the Schedule was originally provided to the Member; (iii) to comply with an Expert’s determination under the Reconciliation Procedures applicable to this Agreement; (iv) to reflect a change in the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year attributable to a carryback or carryforward of a loss or other Tax item to such Taxable Year; (v) to reflect a change in the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year attributable to an amended Tax Return filed for such Taxable Year; or (vi) to adjust a Basis Schedule to take into account any Tax Benefit Payments made pursuant to this Agreement (any such Schedule, an “Amended Schedule”).

 

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ARTICLE III.
 TAX BENEFIT PAYMENTS

 

Section 3.1                                    Timing and Amount of Tax Benefit Payments.

 

(a)                                 Timing of Payments. Subject to Sections 3.2 and 3.3, within three (3) Business Days following the date on which each Tax Benefit Schedule that is required to be delivered by the Corporation to the Members pursuant to Section 2.3(a) of this Agreement becomes final in accordance with Section 2.4(a) of this Agreement (such date, the “Final Payment Date” in respect of any Tax Benefit Payment), the Corporation shall pay to each relevant Member the Tax Benefit Payment as determined pursuant to Section 3.1(b). Each such Tax Benefit Payment shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the bank account previously designated by such Members or as otherwise agreed by the Corporation and such Members. For the avoidance of doubt, the Members shall not be required under any circumstances to return any portion of any Tax Benefit Payment previously paid by the Corporation to the Members (including any portion of any Early Termination Payment).

 

(b)                                 Amount of Payments. For purposes of this Agreement, a “Tax Benefit Payment” with respect to any Member means an amount, not less than zero, equal to the sum of: (i) the Net Tax Benefit that is Attributable to such Member and (ii) the Actual Interest Amount.

 

(i)                                     Attributable. A Net Tax Benefit is “Attributable” to a Member to the extent that it is derived from any Basis Adjustment or Imputed Interest that is attributable to an Exchange undertaken by or with respect to such Member.

 

(ii)                                  Net Tax Benefit. The “Net Tax Benefit” Attributable to a Member for a Taxable Year equals the amount of the excess, if any, of (x) 50% of the Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit Attributable to such Member as of the end of such Taxable Year over (y) the aggregate amount of all Tax Benefit Payments previously made to such Member under this Section 3.1. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit that is Attributable to a Member as of the end of any Taxable Year is less than the aggregate amount of all Tax Benefit Payments previously made to such Member, such Member shall not be required to return any portion of any Tax Benefit Payment previously made by the Corporation to such Member.

 

(iii)                               Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit. The “Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit” for a Taxable Year equals the cumulative amount of Realized Tax Benefits for all Taxable Years of the Corporation, up to and including such Taxable Year, net of the cumulative amount of Realized Tax Detriments for the same period. The Realized Tax Benefit and Realized Tax Detriment for each Taxable Year shall be determined based on the most recent Tax Benefit Schedule or Amended Schedule, if any, in existence at the time of such determination.

 

(iv)                              Realized Tax Benefit. The “Realized Tax Benefit” for a Taxable Year equals the excess, if any, of the Hypothetical Tax Liability over the Actual Tax Liability for such Taxable Year. If all or a portion of the Actual Tax Liability for such Taxable Year arises as a result of an audit or similar proceeding by a Taxing Authority of any Taxable

 

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Year, such liability shall not be included in determining the Realized Tax Benefit unless and until there has been a Determination.

 

(v)                                 Realized Tax Detriment. The “Realized Tax Detriment” for a Taxable Year equals the excess, if any, of the Actual Tax Liability over the Hypothetical Tax Liability for such Taxable Year. If all or a portion of the Actual Tax Liability for such Taxable Year arises as a result of an audit or similar proceeding by a Taxing Authority of any Taxable Year, such liability shall not be included in determining the Realized Tax Detriment unless and until there has been a Determination.

 

(vi)                              Imputed Interest. The principles of Sections 1272, 1274, or 483 of the Code, as applicable, and the principles of any similar provision of U.S. state and local law, will apply to cause a portion of any Net Tax Benefit payable by the Corporation to a Member under this Agreement to be treated as imputed interest (“Imputed Interest”). For the avoidance of doubt, the deduction for the amount of Imputed Interest as determined with respect to any Net Tax Benefit payable by the Corporation to a Member shall be excluded in determining the Hypothetical Tax Liability of the Corporation for purposes of calculating Realized Tax Benefits and Realized Tax Detriments pursuant to this Agreement.

 

(vii)                           Actual Interest Amount. The “Actual Interest Amount” calculated in respect of the Net Tax Benefit for a Taxable Year will equal the amount of any Extension Rate Interest.

 

(viii)                        Extension Rate Interest. The amount of “Extension Rate Interest” calculated in respect of the Net Tax Benefit (including previously accrued Imputed Interest) for a Taxable Year will equal interest calculated at the Agreed Rate from the due date (without extensions) for filing the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for such Taxable Year until the date on which the Corporation makes a timely Tax Benefit Payment to the Member on or before the Final Payment Date as determined pursuant to Section 3.1(a).

 

(ix)                              Default Rate Interest. In the event that the Corporation does not make timely payment of all or any portion of a Tax Benefit Payment to a Member on or before the Final Payment Date as determined pursuant to Section 3.1(a), the amount of “Default Rate Interest” calculated in respect of the Net Tax Benefit (including previously accrued Imputed Interest and Extension Rate Interest) for a Taxable Year will equal interest calculated at the Default Rate from the Final Payment Date for a Tax Benefit Payment as determined pursuant to Section 3.1(a) until the date on which the Corporation makes such Tax Benefit Payment to such Member. For the avoidance of doubt, the amount of any Default Rate Interest as determined with respect to any Net Tax Benefit payable by the Corporation to a Member shall be included in determining the Hypothetical Tax Liability of the Corporation for purposes of calculating Realized Tax Benefits and Realized Tax Detriments pursuant to this Agreement.

 

(x)                                 The Corporation and the Members hereby acknowledge and agree that, as of the date of this Agreement and as of the date of any future Exchange that may be

 

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subject to this Agreement, the aggregate value of the Tax Benefit Payments cannot be reasonably ascertained for U.S. federal income or other applicable tax purposes.

 

(c)                                  Interest. The provisions of Section 3.1(b) are intended to operate so that interest will effectively accrue in respect of the Net Tax Benefit for any Taxable Year as follows:

 

(i)                                     first, at the applicable rate used to determine the amount of Imputed Interest under the Code (from the relevant Exchange Date until the due date (without extensions) for filing the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for such Taxable Year);

 

(ii)                                  second, at the Agreed Rate in respect of any Extension Rate Interest (from the due date (without extensions) for filing the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for such Taxable Year until the Final Payment Date for a Tax Benefit Payment as determined pursuant to Section 3.1(a)); and

 

(iii)                               third, at the Default Rate in respect of any Default Rate Interest (from the Final Payment Date for a Tax Benefit Payment as determined pursuant to Section 3.1(a) until the date on which the Corporation makes the relevant Tax Benefit Payment to a Member).

 

Section 3.2                                    No Duplicative Payments. It is intended that the provisions of this Agreement will not result in the duplicative payment of any amount (including interest) that may be required under this Agreement, and the provisions of this Agreement shall be consistently interpreted and applied in accordance with that intent. For purposes of this Agreement, and also for the avoidance of doubt, no Tax Benefit Payment shall be calculated or made in respect of any estimated tax payments, including, without limitation, any estimated U.S. federal income tax payments.

 

Section 3.3                                    Pro-Ration of Payments as Between the Members.

 

(a)                                 Insufficient Taxable Income. Notwithstanding anything in Section 3.1(b) to the contrary, if the aggregate potential Covered Tax benefit of the Corporation as calculated with respect to the Basis Adjustments and Imputed Interest (in each case, without regard to the Taxable Year of origination) is limited in a particular Taxable Year because the Corporation does not have sufficient actual taxable income to fully utilize available deductions, then the available Covered Tax benefit for the Corporation shall be allocated among the Members in proportion to the respective Tax Benefit Payment that would have been payable if the Corporation had in fact had sufficient taxable income so that there had been no such limitation.

 

(b)                                 Late Payments. If for any reason the Corporation is not able to timely and fully satisfy its payment obligations under this Agreement in respect of a particular Taxable Year, then Default Rate Interest (or, if the Corporation does not have sufficient funds to make such payment as a result of limitations imposed by any Senior Obligations, Extension Rate Interest) will begin to accrue pursuant to Section 5.2 and the Corporation and other Parties agree that (i) the Corporation shall pay the Tax Benefit Payments due in respect of such Taxable Year to each Member pro rata in accordance with the principles of Section 3.3(a) and (ii) no Tax Benefit

 

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Payment shall be made in respect of any Taxable Year until all Tax Benefit Payments to all Members in respect of all prior Taxable Years have been made in full.

 

ARTICLE IV.
 TERMINATION

 

Section 4.1                                    Early Termination of Agreement; Breach of Agreement.

 

(a)                                 Corporation’s Early Termination Right. On or after the first anniversary of the closing date of the IPO, the Corporation may completely terminate this Agreement, as and to the extent provided herein, with respect to all amounts payable to the Members pursuant to this Agreement and with respect to all the Units held by the Members at any time by paying to the Members the Early Termination Payment; provided that this Agreement shall only terminate upon the receipt of the Early Termination Payments made pursuant to this Section 4.1(a) by all Members that are entitled to such a payment, and provided further, that the Corporation may withdraw any notice to execute its termination rights under this Section 4.1(a) prior to the time at which any Early Termination Payment has been paid. Upon the Corporation’s payment of the Early Termination Payment, the Corporation shall not have any further payment obligations under this Agreement, other than with respect to any: (i) prior Tax Benefit Payments that are due and payable under this Agreement but that still remain unpaid as of the date of the Early Termination Notice; and (ii) current Tax Benefit Payment due for the Taxable Year ending on or including the date of the Early Termination Notice (except to the extent that the amount described in clause (ii) is included in the calculation of the Early Termination Payment). If an Exchange subsequently occurs with respect to Units for which the Corporation has exercised its termination rights under this Section 4.1(a), the Corporation shall have no obligations under this Agreement with respect to such Exchange.

 

(b)                                 Acceleration Upon Change of Control. In the event of a Change of Control, all obligations hereunder shall be accelerated and such obligations shall be calculated pursuant to this Article IV as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the closing date of the Change of Control and utilizing the Valuation Assumptions by substituting the phrase “the closing date of a Change of Control” in each place where the phrase “Early Termination Effective Date” appears. Such obligations shall include, but not be limited to, (1) the Early Termination Payment calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the closing date of the Change of Control, (2) any Tax Benefit Payments agreed to by the Corporation and the Members as due and payable but unpaid as of the Early Termination Notice and (3) any Tax Benefit Payments due for any Taxable Year ending prior to, with or including the closing date of a Change of Control (except to the extent that any amounts described in clauses (2) or (3) are included in the Early Termination Payment). For the avoidance of doubt, Sections 4.2 and 4.3 shall apply to a Change of Control, mutadis mutandi.

 

(c)                                  Acceleration Upon Breach of Agreement. In the event that the Corporation materially breaches any of its material obligations under this Agreement, whether as a result of failure to make any payment when due, failure to honor any other material obligation required hereunder, or by operation of law as a result of the rejection of this Agreement in a case commenced under the Bankruptcy Code or otherwise, then all obligations hereunder shall be accelerated and become immediately due and payable upon notice of acceleration from any

 

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applicable Member (provided that in the case of any proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code or other insolvency statute, such acceleration shall be automatic without any such notice), and such obligations shall be calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the date of such notice of acceleration (or, in the case of any proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code or other insolvency statute, on the date of such breach) and shall include, but not be limited to: (i) the Early Termination Payment calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the date of such acceleration; (ii) any prior Tax Benefit Payments that are due and payable under this Agreement but that still remain unpaid as of the date of such acceleration; and (iii) any current Tax Benefit Payment due for the Taxable Year ending with or including the date of such acceleration. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the Corporation breaches this Agreement and such breach is not a material breach of a material obligation, a Member shall still be entitled to enforce all of its rights otherwise available under this Agreement. For purposes of this Section 4.1(c), and subject to the following sentence, the Parties agree that the failure to make any payment due pursuant to this Agreement within three (3) months of the relevant Final Payment Date shall be deemed to be a material breach of a material obligation under this Agreement for all purposes of this Agreement, and that it will not be considered to be a material breach of a material obligation under this Agreement to make a payment due pursuant to this Agreement within three (3) months of the relevant Final Payment Date. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, it shall not be a material breach of a material obligation of this Agreement if the Corporation fails to make any Tax Benefit Payment within three (3) months of the relevant Final Payment Date to the extent that the Corporation has insufficient funds, or cannot take commercially reasonable actions to obtain sufficient funds, to make such payment; provided that the interest provisions of Section 5.2 shall apply to such late payment (unless the Corporation does not have sufficient funds to make such payment as a result of limitations imposed by any Senior Obligations, in which case Section 5.2 shall apply, but the Default Rate shall be replaced by the Agreed Rate).

 

Section 4.2                                    Early Termination Notice. If the Corporation chooses to exercise its right of early termination under Section 4.1 above, the Corporation shall deliver to the Members a notice of the Corporation’s decision to exercise such right (an “Early Termination Notice”) and a schedule (the “Early Termination Schedule”) showing in reasonable detail the calculation of the Early Termination Payment. The Corporation shall also (x) deliver supporting schedules and work papers, as determined by the Corporation or as reasonably requested by a Member, that provide a reasonable level of detail regarding the data and calculations that were relevant for purposes of preparing the Early Termination Schedule; (y) deliver an Advisory Firm Letter supporting such Early Termination Schedule; and (z) allow the Members and their advisors to have reasonable access to the appropriate representatives, as determined by the Corporation or as reasonably requested by the Members, at the Corporation and the Advisory Firm in connection with a review of such Early Termination Schedule. The Early Termination Schedule shall become final and binding on each Party thirty (30) calendar days from the first date on which the Members received such Early Termination Schedule unless:

 

(i)                                     a Member within thirty (30) calendar days after receiving the Early Termination Schedule, provides the Corporation with notice of a material objection to such Early Termination Schedule made in good faith and setting forth in reasonable detail such Member’s material objection (a “Termination Objection Notice”); or

 

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(ii)                                  each Member provides a written waiver of such right of a Termination Objection Notice within the period described in clause (i) above, in which case such Early Termination Schedule becomes binding on the date the waiver from all Members is received by the Corporation.

 

In the event that a Member timely delivers a Termination Objection Notice pursuant to clause (i) above, and if the Parties, for any reason, are unable to successfully resolve the issues raised in the Termination Objection Notice within thirty (30) calendar days after receipt by the Corporation of the Termination Objection Notice, the Corporation and such Member shall employ the Reconciliation Procedures. The date on which the Early Termination Schedule becomes final in accordance with this Section 4.2 shall be the “Early Termination Reference Date.”

 

Section 4.3                                    Payment Upon Early Termination.

 

(a)                                 Timing of Payment. Within three (3) Business Days after the Early Termination Reference Date, the Corporation shall pay to each Member an amount equal to the Early Termination Payment for such Member. Such Early Termination Payment shall be made by the Corporation by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account or accounts designated by the Members or as otherwise agreed by the Corporation and the Members.

 

(b)                                 Amount of Payment. The “Early Termination Payment” payable to a Member pursuant to Section 4.3(a) shall equal the present value, discounted at the Early Termination Rate as determined as of the Early Termination Reference Date, of all Tax Benefit Payments that would be required to be paid by the Corporation to such Member, whether payable with respect to Units that were Exchanged prior to the Early Termination Effective Date or on or after the Early Termination Effective Date, beginning from the Early Termination Effective Date and using the Valuation Assumptions. For the avoidance of doubt, an Early Termination Payment shall be made to each Member, regardless of whether such Member has Exchanged all of its Units as of the Early Termination Effective Date.

 

ARTICLE V.
 SUBORDINATION AND LATE PAYMENTS

 

Section 5.1                                    Subordination. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, any Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment required to be made by the Corporation to the Members under this Agreement shall rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to any principal, interest, or other amounts due and payable in respect of any obligations owed in respect of indebtedness for borrowed money of the Corporation and its Subsidiaries (“Senior Obligations”) and shall rank pari passu in right of payment with all current or future unsecured obligations of the Corporation that are not Senior Obligations. To the extent that any payment under this Agreement is not permitted to be made at the time payment is due as a result of this Section 5.1 and the terms of the agreements governing Senior Obligations, such payment obligation nevertheless shall accrue for the benefit of the Members and the Corporation shall make such payments at the first opportunity that such payments are permitted to be made in accordance with the terms of the Senior Obligations.

 

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Section 5.2                                    Late Payments by the Corporation. The amount of all or any portion of any Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment not made to the Members when due under the terms of this Agreement, whether as a result of Section 5.1 and the terms of the Senior Obligations or otherwise, shall be payable together with Default Rate Interest, which shall accrue beginning on the Final Payment Date and be computed as provided in Section 3.1(b)(ix), provided that if the Corporation does not have sufficient funds to make a payment as a result of limitations imposed by any Senior Obligations, interest shall accrue at the Agreed Rate.

 

ARTICLE VI.
 TAX MATTERS; CONSISTENCY; COOPERATION

 

Section 6.1                                    Participation in the Corporation’s and TWM LLC’s Tax Matters. Except as otherwise provided herein, and except as provided in Article IX of the LLC Agreement, the Corporation shall have full responsibility for, and sole discretion over, all tax matters concerning the Corporation and TWM LLC, including without limitation the preparation, filing or amending of any Tax Return and defending, contesting or settling any issue pertaining to taxes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation shall notify a Member of, and keep such Member reasonably informed with respect to, the portion of any tax audit of the Corporation or TWM LLC, or any of TWM LLC’s Subsidiaries, the outcome of which is reasonably expected to materially affect the Tax Benefit Payments payable to such Member under this Agreement.

 

Section 6.2                                    Consistency. All calculations and determinations made hereunder, including, without limitation, any Basis Adjustments, the Schedules, and the determination of any Realized Tax Benefits or Realized Tax Detriments, shall be made in accordance with the elections, methodologies or positions taken by the Corporation and TWM LLC on their respective Tax Returns. Each Member shall prepare its Tax Returns in a manner that is consistent with the terms of this Agreement, and any related calculations or determinations that are made hereunder, including, without limitation, the terms of Section 2.1 of this Agreement and the Schedules provided to the Members under this Agreement. In the event that an Advisory Firm is replaced with another Advisory Firm acceptable to the Audit Committee, such replacement Advisory Firm shall perform its services under this Agreement using procedures and methodologies consistent with the previous Advisory Firm, unless otherwise required by law or unless the Corporation and all of the Members agree to the use of other procedures and methodologies.

 

Section 6.3                                    Cooperation.

 

(a)                                 Each Member shall (i) furnish to the Corporation in a timely manner such information, documents and other materials as the Corporation may reasonably request for purposes of making any determination or computation necessary or appropriate under this Agreement, preparing any Tax Return or contesting or defending any audit, examination or controversy with any Taxing Authority, (ii) make itself available to the Corporation and its representatives to provide explanations of documents and materials and such other information as the Corporation or its representatives may reasonably request in connection with any of the matters described in clause (i) above, and (iii) reasonably cooperate in connection with any such matter.

 

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(b)                                 The Corporation shall reimburse the Members for any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred pursuant to Section 6.3(a).

 

ARTICLE VII.
 MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 7.1                                    Notices. All notices, requests, consents and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given (and shall be deemed to have been duly given upon receipt) by delivery in person, by courier service, by fax, by electronic mail (delivery receipt requested) or by certified or registered mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to the respective Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party as shall be as specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 7.1). All notices hereunder shall be delivered as set forth below, or pursuant to such other instructions as may be designated in writing by the Party to receive such notice:

 

If to the Corporation, to:

 

Tradeweb Markets Inc.

1177 Avenue of the Americas, 31st Floor

New York, New York 10036

 

Attn: Douglas Friedman, General Counsel

Facsimile: (646) 430-6250

Email: Douglas.Friedman@tradeweb.com

 

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice to the Corporation) to:

 

Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

One New York Plaza

New York, New York 10004

Attn:    Steven G. Scheinfeld

Andrew B. Barkan

David L. Shaw

Facsimile: (212) 859-4000

Email:  Steven.Scheinfeld@friedfrank.com

Andrew.Barkan@friedfrank.com

David.Shaw@friedfrank.com

 

If to a Member, the address, facsimile number and e-mail address specified on such Member’s signature page to this Agreement.

 

Any Party may change its address, fax number or e-mail address by giving each of the other Parties written notice thereof in the manner set forth above.

 

Section 7.2                                    Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become

 

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effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the Parties and delivered to the other Parties, it being understood that all Parties need not sign the same counterpart. Delivery of an executed signature page to this Agreement by facsimile transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually signed counterpart of this Agreement.

 

Section 7.3                                    Entire Agreement; No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure solely to the benefit of each Party hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person any right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

Section 7.4                                    Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflicts of laws principles thereof that would mandate the application of the laws of another jurisdiction.

 

Section 7.5                                    Severability. If any term or other provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any law or public policy, all other terms and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any Party. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the Parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the Parties as closely as possible to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law in an acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.

 

Section 7.6                                    Assignments; Amendments; Successors; No Waiver.

 

(a)                                 Assignment. No Member may assign, sell, pledge, or otherwise alienate or transfer any interest in this Agreement, including the right to receive any Tax Benefit Payments under this Agreement, to any Person without the prior written consent of the Corporation, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed, and without such Person executing and delivering a Joinder agreeing to succeed to the applicable portion of such Member’s interest in this Agreement and to become a Party for all purposes of this Agreement (the “Joinder Requirement”); provided, however, that to the extent any Member sells, exchanges, distributes, or otherwise transfers Units to any Person (other than the Corporation or TWM LLC) in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement, the Members shall have the option to assign to the transferee of such Units its rights under this Agreement with respect to such transferred Units, provided that such transferee has satisfied the Joinder Requirement. For the avoidance of doubt, if a Member transfers Units in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement but does not assign to the transferee of such Units its rights under this Agreement with respect to such transferred Units, such Member shall continue to be entitled to receive the Tax Benefit Payments arising in respect of a subsequent Exchange of such Units. The Corporation may not assign any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement to any Person without Two-Thirds Member Approval (and any purported assignment without such consent shall be null and void).

 

22

 

(b)                                 Amendments. No provision of this Agreement may be amended unless such amendment is approved in writing by the Corporation and made with Two-Thirds Member Approval; provided that amendment of the definition of Change of Control will also require the written approval of a majority of the Independent Directors. No provision of this Agreement may be waived unless such waiver is in writing and signed by the Party against whom the waiver is to be effective.

 

(c)                                  Successors. All of the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon, and shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by, the Parties hereto and their respective successors, assigns, heirs, executors, administrators and legal representatives. The Corporation shall require and cause any direct or indirect successor (whether by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Corporation, by written agreement, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Corporation would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.

 

(d)                                 Waiver. No failure by any Party to insist upon the strict performance of any covenant, duty, agreement, or condition of this Agreement, or to exercise any right or remedy consequent upon a breach thereof, shall constitute a waiver of any such breach or any other covenant, duty, agreement, or condition.

 

Section 7.7                                    Titles and Subtitles. The titles of the sections and subsections of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and are not to be considered in construing this Agreement.

 

Section 7.8                                    Resolution of Disputes.

 

(a)                                 Except for Reconciliation Disputes subject to Section 7.9, any and all disputes which cannot be settled after substantial good-faith negotiation, including any ancillary claims of any Party, arising out of, relating to or in connection with the validity, negotiation, execution, interpretation, performance or non-performance of this Agreement (including the validity, scope and enforceability of this arbitration provision) (each a “Dispute”) shall be finally resolved by arbitration in accordance with the International Institute for Conflict Prevention and Resolution Rules for Non-Administered Arbitration by a panel of three arbitrators, of which the Corporation shall designate one arbitrator and the Members party to such Dispute shall designate one arbitrator in accordance with the “screened” appointment procedure provided in Resolution Rule 5.4. The arbitration shall be governed by the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §§ 1 et seq., and judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrators may be entered by any court having jurisdiction thereof. The place of the arbitration shall be New York City, New York.

 

(b)                                 Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a), any Party may bring an action or special proceeding in any court of competent jurisdiction for the purpose of compelling another Party to arbitrate, seeking temporary or preliminary relief in aid of an arbitration hereunder, and/or enforcing an arbitration award and, for the purposes of this paragraph (b), each Party (i) expressly consents to the application of paragraph (c) of this Section 7.8 to any such action or proceeding, and (ii) agrees that proof shall not be required that monetary damages for breach of the provisions of this Agreement would be difficult to calculate and that remedies at law would

 

23

 

be inadequate. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 7.8 shall not apply to Reconciliation Disputes to be settled in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 7.9.

 

(c)                                  Each Party hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware or, if such Court declines jurisdiction, the courts of the State of Delaware sitting in Wilmington, Delaware, and of the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware sitting in Wilmington, Delaware, and any appellate court from any thereof, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and each of the Parties hereto irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such Delaware State court or, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, in such U.S. District Court. Each Party agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.

 

(d)                                 Each Party irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement in any court referred to in Section 7.8(c). Each Party irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any such suit, action or proceeding in any such court.

 

(e)                                  Each Party irrevocably consents to service of process by means of notice in the manner provided for in Section 7.1. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the right of any Party to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.

 

(f)                                   WAIVER OF RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY).

 

(g)                                  Any dispute as to whether a dispute is a Reconciliation Dispute within the meaning of Section 7.9, or a Dispute within the meaning of this Section 7.8, shall be decided and resolved as a Dispute subject to the procedures set forth in this Section 7.8.

 

Section 7.9                                    Reconciliation. In the event that the Corporation and any Member are unable to resolve a disagreement with respect to a Schedule (other than an Early Termination Schedule) prepared in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 2.4, or with respect to an Early Termination Schedule prepared in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 4.2, within the relevant time period designated in this Agreement (a “Reconciliation Dispute”), the Reconciliation Dispute shall be submitted for determination to a nationally recognized expert (the “Expert”) in the particular area of disagreement mutually acceptable to both Parties. The Expert shall be a partner or principal in a nationally recognized accounting firm, and unless the Corporation and such Member agree otherwise, the Expert shall not, and the firm that employs the Expert shall not, have any material relationship with the Corporation or such Member or other actual or potential conflict of interest. If the Parties are unable to agree on an Expert within

 

24

 

fifteen (15) calendar days of receipt by the respondent(s) of written notice of a Reconciliation Dispute, the selection of an Expert shall be treated as a Dispute subject to Section 7.8 and an arbitration panel shall pick an Expert from a nationally recognized accounting firm that does not have any material relationship with the Corporation or such Member or other actual or potential conflict of interest. The Expert shall resolve any matter relating to the Basis Schedule or an amendment thereto, or the Early Termination Schedule or an amendment thereto within thirty (30) calendar days and shall resolve any matter relating to a Tax Benefit Schedule or an amendment thereto within fifteen (15) calendar days or as soon thereafter as is reasonably practicable, in each case after the matter has been submitted to the Expert for resolution. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, if the matter is not resolved before any payment that is the subject of a disagreement would be due (in the absence of such disagreement) or any Tax Return reflecting the subject of a disagreement is due, the undisputed amount shall be paid on the date prescribed by this Agreement and such Tax Return may be filed as prepared by the Corporation, subject to adjustment or amendment upon resolution. The costs and expenses relating to the engagement of such Expert or amending any Tax Return shall be borne by the Corporation except as provided in the next sentence. The Corporation and the Members shall bear their own costs and expenses of such proceeding, unless (i) the Expert adopts the Member’s position, in which case the Corporation shall reimburse the Member for any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses in such proceeding, or (ii) the Expert adopts the Corporation’s position, in which case the Member shall reimburse the Corporation for any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses in such proceeding. The Expert shall finally determine any Reconciliation Dispute and the determinations of the Expert pursuant to this Section 7.9 shall be binding on the Corporation and the Members and may be entered and enforced in any court having competent jurisdiction.

 

Section 7.10                             Withholding. The Corporation shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from any payment that is payable to any Member pursuant to this Agreement such amounts as the Corporation is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment under the Code or any provision of U.S. state, local or foreign tax law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld and paid over to the appropriate Taxing Authority by the Corporation, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid by the Corporation to the relevant Member. Each Member shall promptly provide the Corporation with any applicable tax forms and certifications reasonably requested by the Corporation in connection with determining whether any such deductions and withholdings are required under the Code or any provision of U.S. state, local or foreign tax law.

 

Section 7.11                             Admission of the Corporation into a Consolidated Group; Transfers of Corporate Assets.

 

(a)                                 If the Corporation is or becomes a member of an affiliated or consolidated group of corporations that files a consolidated income Tax Return pursuant to Section 1501 or other applicable Sections of the Code governing affiliated or consolidated groups, or any corresponding provisions of U.S. state or local law, then: (i) the provisions of this Agreement shall be applied with respect to the group as a whole; and (ii) Tax Benefit Payments, Early Termination Payments, and other applicable items hereunder shall be computed with reference to the consolidated taxable income of the group as a whole.

 

25

 

(b)                                 If any entity that is obligated to make a Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment hereunder transfers one or more assets to a corporation (or a Person classified as a corporation for U.S. income tax purposes) with which such entity does not file a consolidated Tax Return pursuant to Section 1501 of the Code, such entity, for purposes of calculating the amount of any Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment due hereunder, shall be treated as having disposed of such asset in a fully taxable transaction on the date of such contribution. The consideration deemed to be received by such entity shall be equal to the fair market value of the contributed asset as determined by the Corporation in good faith. For purposes of this Section 7.11, a transfer of a partnership interest shall be treated as a transfer of the transferring partner’s share of each of the assets and liabilities of that partnership.

 

Section 7.12                             Confidentiality. Each Member and its assignees acknowledges and agrees that the information of the Corporation is confidential and, except in the course of performing any duties as necessary for the Corporation and its Affiliates, as required by law or legal process or to enforce the terms of this Agreement, such Person shall keep and retain in the strictest confidence and not disclose to any Person any confidential matters, acquired pursuant to this Agreement, of the Corporation and its Affiliates and successors, learned by any Member heretofore or hereafter, provided that, each Member acknowledges and agrees that such Member shall, except as otherwise provided by applicable law, keep and retain in the strictest confidence and not disclose to any Person that is not a Member any confidential matters contained in supporting schedules or work papers provided to such Member pursuant to Section 2.4(a) this Agreement. This Section 7.12 shall not apply to (i) any information that has been made publicly available by the Corporation or any of its Affiliates, becomes public knowledge (except as a result of an act of any Member in violation of this Agreement) or is generally known to the business community, (ii) the disclosure of information to the extent necessary for a Member to prosecute or defend claims arising under or relating to this Agreement, and (iii) the disclosure of information to the extent necessary for a Member to prepare and file its Tax Returns, to respond to any inquiries regarding the same from any Taxing Authority or to prosecute or defend any action, proceeding or audit by any Taxing Authority with respect to such Tax Returns. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Members and each of their assignees (and each employee, representative or other agent of the Members or their assignees, as applicable) may disclose at their discretion to any and all Persons, without limitation of any kind, the tax treatment and tax structure of the Corporation, the Members and any of their transactions, and all materials of any kind (including tax opinions or other tax analyses) that are provided to the Members relating to such tax treatment and tax structure. If a Member or an assignee commits a breach, or threatens to commit a breach, of any of the provisions of this Section 7.12, the Corporation shall have the right and remedy to have the provisions of this Section 7.12 specifically enforced by injunctive relief or otherwise by any court of competent jurisdiction without the need to post any bond or other security, it being acknowledged and agreed that any such breach or threatened breach shall cause irreparable injury to the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries and that money damages alone shall not provide an adequate remedy to such Persons. Such rights and remedies shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other rights and remedies available at law or in equity.

 

Section 7.13                             Change in Law. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if, in connection with an actual or proposed change in law, a Member reasonably believes that the existence of this Agreement could cause income (other than income arising from receipt of a

 

26

 

payment under this Agreement) recognized by such Member (or direct or indirect equity holders in such Member) in connection with any Exchange to be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain (or otherwise taxed at ordinary income rates) for U.S. federal income tax purposes or would have other material adverse tax consequences to such Member or any direct or indirect owner of such Member, then at the written election of such Member in its sole discretion (in an instrument signed by such Member and delivered to the Corporation) and to the extent specified therein by such Member, this Agreement shall cease to have further effect and shall not apply to an Exchange occurring after a date specified by such Member, or may be amended by in a manner reasonably determined by such Member, provided that such amendment shall not result in an increase in any payments owed by the Corporation under this Agreement at any time as compared to the amounts and times of payments that would have been due in the absence of such amendment.

 

Section 7.14                             Interest Rate Limitation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the interest paid or agreed to be paid hereunder with respect to amounts due to any Member hereunder shall not exceed the maximum rate of non-usurious interest permitted by applicable Law (the “Maximum Rate”). If any Member shall receive interest in an amount that exceeds the Maximum Rate, the excess interest shall be applied to the Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment, as applicable (but in each case exclusive of any component thereof comprising interest) or, if it exceeds such unpaid non-interest amount, refunded to the Corporation. In determining whether the interest contracted for, charged, or received by any Member exceeds the Maximum Rate, such Member may, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, (a) characterize any payment that is not principal as an expense, fee, or premium rather than interest, (b) exclude voluntary prepayments and the effects thereof, and (c) amortize, prorate, allocate, and spread in equal or unequal parts the total amount of interest throughout the contemplated term of the payment obligations owed by the Corporation to such Member hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is the intention of the Parties to conform strictly to any applicable usury laws.

 

Section 7.15                             Independent Nature of Rights and Obligations. The rights and obligations of each Member hereunder are several and not joint with the rights and obligations of any other Person. A Member shall not be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Person hereunder, nor shall a Member have the right to enforce the rights or obligations of any other Person hereunder (other than the Corporation). The obligations of a Member hereunder are solely for the benefit of, and shall be enforceable solely by, the Corporation. Nothing contained herein or in any other agreement or document delivered at any closing, and no action taken by any Member pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Members acting as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Members are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such rights or obligations or the transactions contemplated hereby, and the Corporation acknowledges that the Members are not acting in concert or as a group and will not assert any such claim with respect to such rights or obligations or the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

[Signature Page Follows This Page]

 

27

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed or caused to be executed on their behalf this Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
TRADEWEB MARKETS INC.
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Lee Olesky
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Lee Olesky
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: Chief Executive   Officer
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
TRADEWEB MARKETS LLC
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Lee Olesky
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Lee Olesky
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: Chief Executive   Officer
    

 

 

	
 
    	
REFINITIV US PME LLC
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Stephen   Leith
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Stephen Leith
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: President
    

 

 

	
 
    	
Merrill Lynch LP Holdings, Inc.
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Richard   Lee
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Richard Lee
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: Managing Director
    

 

 

	
 
    	
Barclays Unquoted Investments Limited
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Kester   Keating
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Kester Keating
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: Investment Executive &   Authorized Signatory 
    

 

 

	
 
    	
CITIGROUP STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS LLC
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ William   Hartnett
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: William Hartnett
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: President
    

 

 

	
 
    	
NEXT INVESTMENT AGGREGATOR, II, L.P.
    
	
 
    	
By: NEXT INVESTMENT AGGREGATOR II (GP), LLC, its   general partner
    
	
 
    	
By: DLJ LBO PLANS MANAGEMENT, LLC, it managing member
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Mark   Zarember
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Mark Zarember
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: Vice President
    

 

 

	
 
    	
DBR INVESTMENTS CO. LIMITED
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Michael   Bice
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Michael Bice
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: Director
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Kristen   Ciccimarra
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Kristen Ciccimarra
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: Director
    

 

 

	
 
    	
Goldman Sachs PSI Global Holdings, LLC
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Rana   Yared
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Rana Yared
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: 
    

 

 

	
 
    	
JPMC Strategic Investments I Corporation
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Christina   Kim
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Christina Kim
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: President
    

 

 

	
 
    	
Morgan Stanley Fixed Income Ventures Inc.
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Marc   P. Rosenthal
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Marc P. Rosenthal
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: Managing Director
    

 

 

	
 
    	
RBS Financial Products Inc.
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Simon   Wilson
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Simon Wilson
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: Managing Director
    

 

 

	
 
    	
UBS REAL ESTATE SECURITIES INC.
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Paolo   Croce
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Paolo Croce
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: Authorized Signatory
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ Philip   Olesen
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Philip Olesen
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: Authorized Signatory
    

 

 

	
 
    	
Wells Fargo Central Pacific Holdings, Inc.
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/ C.   Thomas Richardson
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: C. Thomas Richardson
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title: SVP
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Chris   Amen
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Chris Amen
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Nidal   Babar
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Nidal Babar
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Erica   Barrett
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Erica Barrett
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Brian Bellucci
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Brian Bellucci
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Andrew Bernard
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Andrew Bernard
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Enrico Bruni
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Enrico Bruni
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ John Cahalane
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   John Cahalane
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Michael Cohen
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Michael Cohen
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Richard Cotter
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Richard Cotter
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ James Dale
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   James Dale
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Brian Devers
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Brian Devers
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Edward Donohue
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Edward Donohue
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Mark Erdtmann
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Mark Erdtmann
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Dorone Farber
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Dorone Farber
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Keith   Fell
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Keith Fell
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Sebastian Fortunato
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Sebastian Fortunato
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Douglas Friedman
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Douglas Friedman
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Joseph Grima
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Joseph Grima
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Steve   Hall
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Steve Hall
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Uwe Hillnhuetter
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Uwe   Hillnhuetter
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   William Hult
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   William Hult
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Elisabeth Kirby
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Elisabeth Kirby
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Michael Lista
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Michael Lista
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Simon   Maisey
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Simon Maisey
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Alfred McKeon
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Alfred McKeon
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Brian   Moriarty
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Brian Moriarty
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Bhas   Nalabothula
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Bhas Nalabothula
    

 

 

	
 
    	
National Philanthropic Trust
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
/s/ Rene Paradis
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
Rene   Paradis
    
	
 
    	
Title :
    	
Treasurer &   COO
    

 

 

	
 
    	
The Lee Olesky 2019 Family Trust
    
	
 
    	
u/a/d 3/21/19
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
BY:
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
/s/ Lee Olesky
    
	
 
    	
Lee   Olesky, Trustee
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
/s/ Amy   Olesky
    
	
 
    	
Amy   Olesky, Trustee
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Staunton Peck
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Staunton Peck
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Justin Peterson
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Justin Peterson
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Jonathan Pittinsky
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Jonathan Pittinsky
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Robert Pressimone
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Robert Pressimone
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Peter   Pujols
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Peter Pujols
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ James   Spencer III
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   James Spencer III
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Ian   Stocks
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name: Ian   Stocks
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Michael Thorpe
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Michael Thorpe
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ John   Tosti
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   John Tosti
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/   Robert Warshaw
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Robert Warshaw
    

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
/s/ Scott   Zucker
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Scott Zucker
    

 

 

Exhibit A

 

FORM OF JOINDER AGREEMENT

 

This JOINDER AGREEMENT, dated as of          [·] (this “Joinder”), is delivered pursuant to that certain Tax Receivable Agreement, dated as of [·], 2019 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Tax Receivable Agreement”) by and among Tradeweb Markets Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”), Tradeweb Markets LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“TWM LLC”), and each of the Members from time to time party thereto. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the respective meanings set forth in the Tax Receivable Agreement.

 

1.                                      Joinder to the Tax Receivable Agreement. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants to the Corporation that, as of the date hereof, the undersigned has been assigned an interest in the Tax Receivable Agreement from a Member.

 

2.                                      Joinder to the Tax Receivable Agreement. Upon the execution of this Joinder by the undersigned and delivery hereof to the Corporation, the undersigned hereby is and hereafter will be a Member under the Tax Receivable Agreement and a Party thereto, with all the rights, privileges and responsibilities of a Member thereunder. The undersigned hereby agrees that it shall comply with and be fully bound by the terms of the Tax Receivable Agreement as if it had been a signatory thereto as of the date thereof.

 

3.                                      Incorporation by Reference. All terms and conditions of the Tax Receivable Agreement are hereby incorporated by reference in this Joinder as if set forth herein in full.

 

4.                                      Address. All notices under the Tax Receivable Agreement to the undersigned shall be direct to:

 

[Name]

[Address]

[City, State, Zip Code]

Attn:

Facsimile:

E-mail:

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has duly executed and delivered this Joinder as of the day and year first above written.

 

 

	
 
    	
 
    	
[NAME OF NEW PARTY]
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
By:
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title:
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Acknowledged and agreed
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
as of the date first   set forth above:
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Tradeweb Markets Inc.
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
By:
    	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Name:
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Title:Exhibit 10.5

 

RESTRICTIVE COVENANT AGREEMENT

 

RESTRICTIVE COVENANT AGREEMENT, dated as of April 8, 2019, among Refinitiv US PME LLC (f/k/a Thomson PME LLC) (“Refinitiv PME”), Refinitiv Parent Limited (f/k/a F&R (Cayman) Parent Limited), an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands (“Refinitiv Parent”), Refinitiv US Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Refinitiv US Holdings”), Refinitiv TW Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (collectively with Refinitiv PME, Refinitiv Parent and Refinitiv US Holdings, the “Refinitiv Entities”) Tradeweb Markets LLC (“TWM LLC”) and Tradeweb Markets Inc. (“TWM Inc.”, and collectively, with TWM LLC, the “Tradeweb Parties”). The Refinitiv Entities and the Tradeweb Parties are referred to as the “Parties”.  Certain capitalized terms used herein are defined in Article IV.

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS, in connection with the initial public offering (the “IPO”) of TWM Inc., the parties to the Second Amended and Restated Master Agreement, dated as of March 14, 2012, as amended (the “Master Agreement”), decided to terminate the Master Agreement other than as set forth in this Agreement; and

 

WHEREAS, the Refinitiv Entities will continue to be equityholders of TWM Inc. or TWM LLC, as the case may be, following the IPO and, therefore, the Parties hereto agree that the Refinitiv Entities and their Affiliates would otherwise continue to be bound by the non-compete obligations in Section 4.4 of the Master Agreement and will be subject to such obligations as such obligations are amended and restated as set forth in this Agreement.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual agreements, covenants, representations and warranties contained herein, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I

 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE REFINITIV ENTITIES

 

Each Refinitiv Entity, jointly and severally, represents and warrants to the Tradeweb Parties as of the date hereof as follows:

 

SECTION 1.1.                      Organization and Power.

 

Such Refinitiv Entity is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its organization and has all necessary power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to carry out its obligations hereunder.

 

SECTION 1.2.                      Authorization.

 

The execution, delivery and performance by such Refinitiv Entity of this Agreement is within its powers and has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on its part. This Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Refinitiv Entity, enforceable against such Refinitiv Entity in accordance with its terms, subject to the effects of bankruptcy,

 

 

insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and other similar Laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally, and general equitable principles (whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at Law).

 

SECTION 1.3.                      Governmental Authorization.

 

The execution, delivery and performance by such Refinitiv Entity of this Agreement requires no material action by, in respect of, or material filing with, any Governmental Entity or Self-Regulatory Organization, agency or official.

 

SECTION 1.4.                      Noncontravention.

 

The execution, delivery and performance by such Refinitiv Entity of this Agreement does not and will not (i) violate its organizational documents, (ii) violate any applicable Law in any material respect, (iii) require any material consent or other material action by any Person under, constitute a material default under, or cause or permit the termination, cancellation or acceleration of any material right or obligation or the loss of any material benefit to which such Refinitiv Entity is entitled under, any provision of any agreement or other instrument binding upon such Refinitiv Entity, or (iv) result in the creation or imposition of any Encumbrance upon any assets, properties or rights of such Refinitiv Entity, except for any such Encumbrances that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the business, operations, condition (financial or otherwise), assets or liabilities of such Refinitiv Entity or on the ability of such Refinitiv Entity to perform its obligations hereunder.

 

ARTICLE II

 

NON-COMPETE AGREEMENT

 

SECTION 2.1.      Non-Competition.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Article X of the TWM Inc. Charter, from and after the date hereof, the Parties agree that:

 

(a)           for so long as a Triggering Event has not occurred (the “Non-Compete Period”):

 

(i)                                     each Refinitiv Entity shall not, and shall cause its Affiliates (other than TWM Inc. and its Subsidiaries) not to, directly or indirectly (except as permitted in Section 2.1(b) below), (x) establish (other than by providing licensing, technology, hosting, connectivity, consulting or similar services to a third party), (y) fund, purchase or own a Material Interest in, or (z) act as a primary business operator or manager of, an electronic trade execution platform for trading in (A) the Fixed Income Asset Class Family or (B) Equity Derivatives (a “Competitive Business”); and

 

(ii)                                  subject to TWM LLC including single dealer offerings on its platform and performing all necessary development work to integrate such single dealer offerings with Eikon to permit Eikon to display such offerings and provide execution links back to TWM LLC, each Refinitiv Entity will, and will cause its Affiliates to, to

 

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the greatest extent commercially practicable, promote TWM LLC as the preferred execution platform for single dealer prices by displaying the TWM LLC composite single dealer price at the top of the relevant Eikon page and shall pass customers seeking to execute on such price to the TWM LLC environment for execution.

 

(b)           If, after the date hereof and during the Non-Compete Period, the Refinitiv Entities or any of their Affiliates desires to engage in a Competitive Business as described in Section 2.1(a) above for any group of securities, instruments, or other assets in the Fixed Income Asset Class Family that are not traded at that time on any TradeWeb electronic trade execution platform (a “Proposed Business”), the Refinitiv Entities or their applicable Affiliates (the “Offeror”) shall first deliver to TWM LLC a written notice (a “First Offer Notice”), which shall (i) state the material details of Offeror’s intention, including the intended trading model and group of securities, instruments, or other assets to be traded in the Proposed Business and, where applicable, the material terms and conditions on which Offeror intends to fund or purchase the Proposed Business, and (ii) offer to TWM LLC the right to establish, fund or purchase any Material Interest in, or act as the primary business operator or manager of, the Proposed Business (the “First Offer”).  The First Offer shall remain open and irrevocable for 30 days following delivery of the First Offer Notice (the “First Offer Acceptance Period”).  If written acceptance of a First Offer is delivered within the First Offer Acceptance Period and TWM LLC establishes, funds, or purchases a Material Interest in, or commences acting as a primary business operator or manager of, the Proposed Business within 3 months after the First Offer Acceptance Period, then the Proposed Business shall be deemed a Competitive Business.  If written acceptance of a First Offer is not received within the First Offer Acceptance Period or if, within 3 months after the First Offer Acceptance Period, TWM LLC does not establish, fund, or purchase a Material Interest in, or commence acting as the primary business operator or manager of, the Proposed Business, then the First Offer shall be null and void and the Refinitiv Entities or their Affiliates shall have the right to engage in the activity set forth in the First Offer Notice (in which case the Proposed Business shall not be considered a Competitive Business), provided that it does so within 3 months following the later of (x) a written rejection of the First Offer, (y) if no rejection or effective acceptance of the First Offer is received, the last day of the First Offer Acceptance Period and (z) if effective acceptance of the First Offer is received, the last day of the 3 month period following the First Offer Acceptance Period.  If the Refinitiv Entities or any of their Affiliates do not engage in such activity within such time period on substantially the same terms and conditions as set forth in the First Offer Notice, then the Refinitiv Entities or their Affiliates shall not subsequently establish, fund or purchase a Material Interest in, or act as a primary business operator or manager of, the Proposed Business unless it first delivers a new First Offer Notice and the terms and provisions of this Section 2.1(b) are separately complied with.  For purposes of this Section 2.1(b), any decision, action or consent to be taken or granted by TWM LLC shall be taken or granted in accordance with Section 2.1(f).

 

(c)           Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Competitive Business shall not include, and the provisions of Section 2.1(b) shall not apply to:

 

(i)                                     a single-dealer-to-customer electronic trade execution platform for any asset classes, securities and other interests,

 

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(ii)                                  Omgeo LLC,

 

(iii)                               any electronic messaging system (whether operated as a standalone system or as a component of or in combination with other electronic systems) intended primarily for trading in the Non-Fixed Income Asset Class Families, that provides the ability for system users to exchange messages (including messages that conform to a parseable syntax for facilitating STP processing) relating to or for purposes of trading, but which does not require use of a defined protocol of structured and sequenced messages to negotiate or execute transactions,

 

(iv)                              any other electronic trading system for trading in the Non-Fixed Income Asset Class Families including any that includes, as part of its system, the ability for users to trade associated securities, instruments, or other assets in the Fixed Income Asset Class Family, provided that the revenue derived by Refinitiv Entities and their Affiliates from the trading of such associated instruments on such system shall not exceed twenty percent (20%) of the total revenue derived by the Refinitiv Entities and their Affiliates from such system,

 

(v)                                 Thomson Reuters Matching platform (or any successor thereto), including trading thereon of associated short-term securities, instruments, or other assets, including, but not limited to, overnight index swaps, U.S. and European commercial paper, bank deposits and other money market instruments, provided that access to trading of such other instruments is intended for users whose primary activity is trading foreign exchange instruments,

 

(vi)                              any new TradeWeb Asset Class as to which TWM LLC fails to generate fifty percent (50%) of revenue, volume, or other metric targets set for such TradeWeb Asset Class, such metric targets and the timing for testing them shall be mutually reasonably agreed to at the time such new TradeWeb Asset Class is approved,

 

(vii)                           an electronic trade execution platform established, funded, purchased or first operated or managed by any Refinitiv Entity or their Affiliates, alone or with others, after January 2, 2008, that, at the time of such establishment, funding, purchase, or first operation or management, is not a Competitive Business, provided, that to the extent the provisions of Section 2.1(b) applied to such electronic trade execution platform at the time of its establishment, funding, purchase or first operation or management by any Refinitiv Entity or their Affiliates, the Refinitiv Entities and their Affiliates complied with their obligations, if any, under Section 2.1(b) above or under Section 4.4 of the Master Agreement in effect at the time thereof,

 

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(viii)                        an electronic trade execution platform that any Refinitiv Entity or their Affiliates, directly or indirectly, establishes, funds, purchases, operates, or manages with the prior approval of TWM LLC granted in accordance with Section 2.1(f),

 

(ix)                              any electronic trading platform supporting manually entered and accepted prices but not automated pricing or automated quote acceptance relating to Refinitiv’s FI Callouts platform (or any successor thereto) in Sub-Saharan Africa (which, for the avoidance of doubt, includes South Africa and Mauritius), Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Albania, Armenia, Ukraine, Serbia, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia, provided, that for any expansion of the foregoing geographies, the Refinitiv Entities or their Affiliates shall require the prior approval of TWM LLC granted in accordance with Section 2.1(f), such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed, so long as at such time TWM Inc., TWM LLC or its Subsidiaries, is not operating in the relevant geography and has no  documented plans to do so in the twelve (12) month period following the date that the Refinitiv Entities or their Affiliates seek such approval. TWC LLC shall indicate such approval or non-approval in writing to the Refinitiv Entities. If TWC LLC fails to approve any such expansion, it shall, as part of such indication, provide the Refinitiv Entities with reasonable written documentation evidencing TWC LLC’s operations or plans to operate in the relevant geography in accordance with the foregoing,

 

(x)                                 any electronic platform for the primary issuance of financial instruments through an auction process supporting manually entered bids but not automated submission of bids, including relating to Refinitiv’s Auction platform (or any successor thereto), provided that, such electronic platform shall not establish (other than by providing licensing, technology, hosting, connectivity, consulting or similar services to a third party) a trading venue for trading in (A) the Fixed Income Asset Class Family or (B) Equity Derivatives (a “Trading Venue”), other than a Trading Venue that would not be a Competitive Business in accordance with this Section 2.1(c), or

 

(xi)                              any Execution Management System (EMS), Order Management System (OMS), or Portfolio Management System (PMS), including relating to Refinitiv’s REDI platform (or any successor thereto), provided that, such EMS, OMS or PMS shall not establish (other than by providing licensing, technology, hosting, connectivity, consulting or similar services to a third party) a Trading Venue, other than a Trading Venue that would not be a Competitive Business in accordance with this Section 2.1(c).

 

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(d)           The Non-Compete Period shall terminate and the Refinitiv Entities and their Affiliates shall no longer be subject to the provisions of this Section 2.1 in the event (A) that the overall revenue of TWM LLC declines by more than twenty-five percent (25%) in each of two consecutive fiscal years, or (B) a Change of Control occurs with respect to the Refinitiv Entities, Refinitiv Equityholder or any intermediate parent through which Refinitiv Equityholder holds Voting Securities.

 

(e)           Notwithstanding the foregoing, the non-compete restrictions in respect of the Refinitiv Entities and its Affiliates pursuant to Section 2.1(a) shall also not apply with respect to any Competitive Business conducted by any entity or business acquired by any Refinitiv Entity or its Affiliates (whether through merger, stock purchase, asset purchase or other means of business combination) as long as such Competitive Business (i) accounts for less than twenty percent (20%) of the revenues of the acquired entity or business during the LTM period immediately prior to such acquisition and (ii) within 12 months of such acquisition, the Refinitiv Entities or their Affiliates cause such Competitive Business to be (x) with the consent of TWM LLC granted in accordance with Section 2.1(f), contributed to the Business, or (y) disposed of, including by a sale of such Competitive Business to a third party not Affiliated with the Refinitiv Entities; provided, that in the event any such Competitive Business is contributed to the Business, the Refinitiv Entities and TWM LLC (acting by Required Consent) shall in good faith cooperate to determine and agree upon the fair market value of such contributed Competitive Business or, if TWM LLC does not consent to such value, appoint the Appraiser to determine the fair market value of such contributed Competitive Business; and provided further, that the form of compensation that shall be paid to the Refinitiv Entities or their Affiliates as consideration for such contribution shall be, at the option of TWM LLC (acting by Required Consent), cash or the issuance of new Class A Common Stock to the Refinitiv Entities.

 

(f)            For purposes of Section 2.1(b) and Section 2.1(e) and the other provisions of this Agreement that expressly so provide, any decision, action or consent to be taken or granted by TWM LLC shall be taken or granted by TWM Inc. (as the manager of TWM LLC) by the casting of affirmative votes (the “Required Consent”) by a simple majority of TradeWeb Management (together having one vote) and the members of the board of directors of TWM Inc. who are independent directors (within the meaning of the rules of the stock exchange or securities market on which shares of Class A Common Stock are at any time listed or quoted); provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, for purposes of Section 2.1(c)(viii) and (ix), any approval by TWM LLC shall mean approval by TradeWeb Management.

 

ARTICLE III

 

INDEMNIFICATION

 

SECTION 3.1.                      Indemnification.

 

(a)           Each Refinitiv Entity hereby, severally and jointly, agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the TradeWeb Indemnified Parties from and against any and all Losses that are incurred or suffered by the TradeWeb Indemnified Parties or any of them by reason of a Non-Compete Indemnification Event.

 

(b)           Notwithstanding any termination of the Master Agreement to the contrary,

 

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(i)                                     (I) all indemnity obligations provided by TWM LLC pursuant to Section 4.7 of the Master Agreement and (II) the provisions of Section 5.2(a)(iii) of the Master Agreement with respect to breaches of Section 4.7 of the Master Agreement (and any other provision thereof necessary to ensure that the Thomson Reuters Indemnified Parties (as defined therein) retain the right to indemnification contemplated by Section 5.2(a)(iii) of the Master Agreement as it relates to Section 4.7 of the Master Agreement) shall survive such termination and the Thomson Reuters Indemnified Parties shall continue to have a right to indemnification with respect thereto; and

 

(ii)                                  the provisions of Section 5.2(a)(i)(B) of the Master Agreement with respect to breaches of Section 4.7 of the Master Agreement (and any other provision thereof necessary to ensure that the Tradeweb Indemnified Parties retain the right to indemnification contemplated by Section 5.2(a)(i)(B) of the Master Agreement as it relates to Section 4.7 of the Master Agreement) shall survive such termination and the Tradeweb Indemnified Parties shall continue to have a right to indemnification with respect thereto.

 

(c)           Definitions.  For purposes of this Article III, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:

 

(i)                                     a “Non-Compete Indemnification Event” is (A) the failure of any representation or warranty made by any Refinitiv Entity in this Agreement to be true and correct as of the date hereof, or (B) the breach of any covenant or agreement made by any Refinitiv Entity or its Affiliates in this Agreement;

 

(ii)                                  an “Indemnification Notice” is a written notice in reasonable detail delivered by the TradeWeb Indemnified Parties to any Refinitiv Entity stating a demand for indemnification in accordance with this Section 3.1; and

 

(iii)                               “Losses” are any and all losses, damages, liabilities, obligations, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements) actually sustained, suffered or incurred by the Tradeweb Indemnified Party seeking indemnification as a result of any Non-Compete Indemnification Event (net of any indemnification actually recovered from third parties and insurance proceeds actually received); provided, however, that Losses shall not include consequential damages, special damages, punitive damages, or lost profits (other than those awarded to third parties in a claim for which a Tradeweb Indemnified Party is indemnified hereunder as described in Section 3.2).

 

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SECTION 3.2.                      Procedure.

 

(a)           In the event that a TradeWeb Indemnified Party shall incur or suffer any Losses (or shall reasonably anticipate that it shall suffer any Losses) in respect of which indemnification may be sought by such Tradeweb Indemnified Party (such Person an “Indemnified Party”) pursuant to the provisions of this Article III from the Refinitiv Entities (the “Indemnifying Party”), the Indemnified Party shall submit to the Indemnifying Party an Indemnification Notice stating the nature and basis of such claim.  In the case of Losses arising by reason of any third-party claim, the Indemnification Notice shall be given within thirty (30) days of the actual knowledge of the Indemnified Party of the filing or other written assertion of any such claim against the Indemnified Party, but the failure of the Indemnified Party to give the Indemnification Notice within such time period shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of any liability that the Indemnifying Party may have to the Indemnified Party, except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party is actually materially prejudiced thereby.

 

(b)           The Indemnified Party shall provide to the Indemnifying Party reasonably detailed descriptions of all information and documentation in the Indemnified Party’s possession that, in its reasonable judgment, is not privileged and is reasonably necessary to support and verify any Losses that the Indemnified Party believes give rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder.

 

(c)           In the case of third-party claims with respect to which an Indemnification Notice is given, the Indemnifying Party shall have the option (x) to conduct any proceedings or negotiations in connection therewith, (y) to take all other steps to settle or defend any such claim, and (z) to employ counsel of the Indemnifying Party’s choosing (subject to the Indemnified Party’s prior written consent, not to be unreasonably withheld) to contest any such claim in the name of the Indemnified Party or otherwise; provided, that (A) upon taking any of the actions described in the foregoing, the Indemnifying Party shall be deemed to have accepted any and all indemnification obligations in connection with such third party claim; (B) no settlement shall be effected without the advance written consent of the Indemnified Party; and (C) in the event that the Indemnified Party, in its reasonable judgment, determines that the Indemnifying Party, after exercising its rights pursuant to this Section 3.2(c), has failed to conduct any proceedings or negotiations or manage any claim with the same level of diligence as if such proceeding, negotiation or claim were solely for its own account, the Indemnified Party may participate with the Indemnifying Party, with respect thereto, at the expense of the Indemnifying Party.  The Indemnified Party shall be entitled to participate at its own expense and by its own counsel in any proceedings relating to any third-party claim, and the Indemnified Party shall be entitled to participate with counsel of its own choice at the expense of the Indemnifying Party if, in the reasonable judgment of the Indemnified Party, representation of both the Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party by the same counsel presents a conflict of interest or is otherwise inappropriate under applicable standards of professional conduct.  Subject to the provisions of this paragraph (c) the Indemnifying Party shall, within thirty (30) days of receipt of the Indemnification Notice, notify the Indemnified Party of its intention to assume the defense of any such claim, which notification shall include the name of the Person that the Indemnifying Party proposes to select as its counsel.  Until the Indemnified Party has received notice of the Indemnifying Party’s election whether to defend any such claim, the Indemnified Party shall take  reasonable steps to defend (but may not settle) such claim.  If the Indemnifying Party shall decline to assume the defense of any such claim in accordance with this paragraph (c), or shall

 

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fail to notify the Indemnified Party within thirty (30) days after receipt of the Indemnification Notice of the Indemnifying Party’s election to defend such claim in accordance with this paragraph (c), the Indemnified Party may defend such claim.  The expenses of all proceedings, contests or lawsuits in respect of any such claims (other than those incurred by the Indemnified Party that are referred to in the second sentence of this paragraph (c)) shall be borne by the Indemnifying Party; provided that the Indemnified Party shall be required to reimburse the Indemnifying Party for any such expenses if and to the extent that the Indemnifying Party is ultimately determined not to be liable to indemnify the Indemnified Party under this Article III with respect to any such proceeding, contest or lawsuit.  Regardless of which Party shall assume the defense of the claim, the Parties agree to cooperate fully with one another in connection therewith.  In no event shall any Indemnified Party be entitled to double recovery hereunder.

 

ARTICLE IV

 

DEFINITIONS

 

For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meaning set forth below:

 

“Affiliate” shall mean, in respect of any specified Person, a Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, the Person specified, provided, however, that for purposes of this Agreement, an Affiliate of the Refinitiv Entities shall only include Refinitiv Equityholder and its Subsidiaries and shall not include any equityholder of Refinitiv Equityholder (including BCP York Holdings (Delaware) L.P. and The Woodbridge Company Limited, the holding company of the Thomson family) or their Affiliates (not including the Refinitiv Equityholder and its Subsidiaries).  Without limiting the foregoing proviso, such proviso shall mean that the provisions of Section 2.1 shall only apply to Refinitiv Equityholder and its Subsidiaries.

 

“Agreement” shall mean this Restrictive Covenant Agreement, as the same may be further amended or restated from time to time.

 

“Appraiser” shall mean Duff & Phelps Corporation, and if Duff & Phelps Corporation no longer exists or is unwilling or unable to act as the Appraiser hereunder, another nationally recognized boutique firm with a practice focused on purchase price disputes mutually acceptable to the Refinitiv Entities and TWM LLC (acting by Required Consent), and if no such firm is willing or able to act as the Appraiser hereunder, then such nationally recognized investment banking or advisory firm selected by the Refinitiv Entities and TWM LLC (acting by Required Consent) in good faith, and if the Refinitiv Entities and TWM LLC (acting by Required Consent) cannot agree on an Appraiser within 30 days after it is determined that the initial Appraiser named above cannot act hereunder, then either TWM LLC (acting by Required Consent) or the Refinitiv Entities may require that the Appraiser be selected by the President of the American Arbitration Association or by his/her designee.

 

“Asset Class Family” shall mean (A) each major group of asset classes commonly referred to as of the date hereof as: (i) cash equities, (ii) equities derivatives, (iii) cash foreign exchange, (iv) foreign exchange derivatives, (v) cash commodities and energy, (vi) commodities and energy derivatives, (vii) cash fixed income rates, (viii) fixed income rates derivatives, (ix)

 

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cash fixed income credit and (x) fixed income credit derivatives and (B) each such other major group of asset classes as may be developed in the future from time to time and commonly referred to in a manner similar to those in (A) above.

 

“Business” shall mean, collectively, any business directly or indirectly operated and/or offered by TWM LLC as of or after the date hereof.

 

“Business Day” shall mean a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks in the State of New York are authorized or obligated to be closed.

 

“Change of Control” shall mean, in respect of any specified Person, any of the following, in a single transaction or in a series of related transactions after the date hereof: (i) the acquisition by any other Person or group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), by way of merger, recapitalization, consolidation, business combination or purchase of beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) (including through indirect purchase) or otherwise, of more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of such Person; (ii) the sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of such Person to any other Person or group; or (iii) any other transaction or series of related transactions (other than dispersed trading in publicly traded securities) pursuant to which the shareholders of such Person immediately prior to such transaction hold, directly or indirectly, less than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of such Person or of any surviving or acquiring entity (or its parent) immediately following such transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a transaction will not constitute a “Change of Control” with respect to a specified Person if, following the transaction described in clauses (i) and (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence, any specified Person will be beneficially owned directly or indirectly in substantially the same proportions by the Persons who held the voting power of such specified Person immediately before such transaction.

 

“Class A Common Stock” means the Class A Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of TWM Inc.

 

“Class B Common Stock” means the Class B Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of TWM Inc.

 

“Class C Common Stock” means the Class C Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of TWM Inc.

 

“Class D Common Stock” means the Class D Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of TWM Inc.

 

“Common Stock” means collectively, the shares of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock, Class C Common Stock and Class D Common Stock, and any securities issued in respect thereof, or in substitution therefor, in connection with any stock split, dividend or combination, or any reclassification, recapitalization, merger, consolidation or similar transaction.

 

“Competitive Business” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a)(i).

 

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“Control” shall mean, with respect to a particular Person, the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of management or policies (whether through ownership of securities or partnership or other ownership interests, by contract or otherwise) of such Person.

 

“Encumbrance” shall mean any lien, pledge, charge, claim, security interest, option, mortgage, right of first refusal or similar restriction, including any restriction on use, voting, transfer, receipt of income or exercise of any other attribute of ownership.

 

“Equity Derivatives” shall mean single stock options, index options, single stock futures, index futures, ETFs, equity swaps, convertibles, equities related volatility/variance products and dividend derivatives.

 

“Equity Securities” means any and all shares of Common Stock of TWM Inc., and any and all other equity securities of TWM Inc. that may be issued from time to time.

 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

“First Offer” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b).

 

“First Offer Acceptance Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b).

 

“First Offer Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b).

 

“Fixed Income Asset Class Family” shall mean (i) Fixed Income Securities and (ii) derivatives of Fixed Income Securities.

 

“Fixed Income Securities” shall mean all non-equity securities and other non-equity instruments that, in either case, provide a return in the form of fixed periodic payments.

 

“Governmental Entity” shall mean any domestic or foreign governmental or regulatory authority, agency or commission, including courts of competent jurisdiction.

 

“Indemnification Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(c)(ii).

 

“Indemnified Party” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(a).

 

“Indemnifying Party” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(a).

 

“IPO” shall have the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

 

“Law” shall mean, with respect to any specified Person, all foreign, federal, state, local and Self-Regulatory Organization statutes, laws, ordinances, regulations, rules, writs, injunctions, judgments, decrees and orders applicable to the specified Person or to the businesses and assets thereof, including laws relating to privacy, data protection, and the collection and use of data.

 

“Losses” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(c)(iii).

 

“LTM” shall mean the immediately preceding 12 calendar month period.

 

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“Master Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

 

“Material Interest” shall mean an investment of more than $5,000,000.

 

“Non-Compete Indemnification Event” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(c)(i).

 

“Non-Compete Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a).

 

“Non-Fixed Income Asset Class Family” shall mean any and all Asset Class Families other than the Fixed Income Asset Class Family.

 

“Offeror” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b).

 

“Parties” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

 

“Permitted Transferees” shall have the meaning set forth in the TWM Inc. Charter.

 

“Person” shall mean any individual, entity, firm, corporation, partnership, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, or unincorporated organization.

 

“Proposed Business” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b).

 

“Refinitiv Entities” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble.

 

“Refinitiv Equityholder” means Refinitiv Holdings Ltd., an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and its direct or indirect Subsidiaries (but excluding TWM Inc. and its Subsidiaries) that hold Voting Securities as of the date hereof, and any Permitted Transferee of a Refinitiv Equityholder that holds Voting Securities.

 

“Refinitiv Parent” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

 

“Refinitiv PME” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

 

“Refinitiv US Holdings” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

 

“Registered Entities” shall mean any entity that is controlled, directly or indirectly, by TWM Inc. or TWM LLC and is required to be registered as a broker or dealer, swap execution facility, introducing broker, multilateral trading facility, organized trading facility, or other registered status, as applicable, with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Commodity Futures Trading Commission or other U.S. regulator with jurisdiction over TWM LLC’s or its Subsidiaries’ services with respect to the Tradeweb Asset Classes, or in a comparable capacity with any foreign regulator or any successor to such domestic or foreign regulator.

 

“Required Consent” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(f).

 

“Self-Regulatory Organization” shall mean the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., the National Futures Association, the Chicago Board of Trade, the New York Stock

 

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Exchange, any national securities exchange (as defined in the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder), any other securities exchange, futures exchange, contract market, commodities market, any other such exchange, clearinghouse or corporation or other similar federal, state or foreign self-regulatory body or organization.

 

“Stockholders Agreement” shall mean the Stockholders’ Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, among TWM Inc. and the other parties thereto, as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

“Subsidiary” of any Person shall mean (i) a corporation more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding voting stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more other Subsidiaries of such Person, or by such Person and one or more other Subsidiaries thereof or (ii) any other Person (other than a corporation) in which such Person, or one or more other Subsidiaries of such Person, or such Person and one or more other Subsidiaries thereof, directly or indirectly, has at least a majority ownership and power to direct the policies, management and affairs thereof.

 

“TradeWeb Asset Class” shall mean any asset class, security, or other interest offered by the Registered Entities, at any particular time and from time to time.

 

“TradeWeb Indemnified Party” shall mean TWM Inc., TWM LLC, their Subsidiaries and their respective officers, directors, shareholders, members, partners, managers, employees, agents, representatives, successors and assigns.

 

“TradeWeb Management” shall mean the chief executive officer and the president of TWM LLC or TWM Inc.

 

“TradeWeb Parties” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

 

“Triggering Event” means the first date on which the Stockholder Entities (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement) lose their right to designate the Total Number of Directors (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement) as set forth in Section 2.1 of the Stockholders Agreement (or equivalent provision in any amendment thereof that gives the right to the Stockholder Entities to designate at least a majority of the total number of directors on the board of directors of TWM Inc.).

 

“TWM Inc.” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

 

“TWM Inc. Charter” shall mean the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TWM Inc., as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, on April 3, 2019, as the same may be amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

“TWM LLC” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

 

“Voting Securities” means, at any time, outstanding shares of any class of Equity Securities of TWM Inc., which are then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.

 

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ARTICLE V

 

MISCELLANEOUS

 

SECTION 5.1.                                                                  Notices.

 

All notices and other communications given or made pursuant hereto shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given or made (i) as of the date delivered, if delivered personally, (ii) on the date the delivering Party received confirmation (which in the case of email shall be a non-automated confirmation), if delivered by email of a .pdf attachment, (iii) three (3) Business Days after being mailed by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) or (iv) one (1) Business Day after being sent by overnight courier (providing proof of delivery), to the Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party as shall be specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 5.1):

 

If to any Refinitiv Entity:

 

c/o Refinitiv US Holdings Inc.  

One Station Place

Stamford CT 06902

Attention: Darren Pocsik, General Counsel

Email: darren.pocsik@refinitiv.com

 

With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

 

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP
 425 Lexington Avenue
 New York, NY 10017
  Attention:  Elizabeth A. Cooper

Jonathan Ozner
 Email:        ecooper@stblaw.com

jozner@stblaw.com

 

If to TWM Inc. or TWM LLC:

 

c/o TradeWeb Markets LLC
  1177 Avenue of the Americas

31st Floor

New York, NY 10036
 Attention: Scott Zucker
 Email: Scott.Zucker@tradeweb.com

 

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With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

 

Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP
 One New York Plaza
 New York, NY  10004
 Attention:  Steven G. Scheinfeld, Esq.  

David L. Shaw, Esq.

Email: Steven.Scheinfeld@friedfrank.com

David.Shaw@friedfrank.com

 

SECTION 5.2.                                                                  Headings.

 

The headings contained herein are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.

 

SECTION 5.3.                                                                  Severability.

 

If any term or other provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any rule of Law or under public policy, all other conditions and provisions of this Agreement will nevertheless remain in full force and effect. If any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the Parties hereto will (as promptly as practicable) amend or otherwise modify this Agreement to replace any invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision with an effective and valid provision that gives effect to the intent of the Parties to the maximum extent permitted by applicable Law.  The Parties hereto agree that, if any court of competent jurisdiction in a final non-appealable judgment determines that a specified time period, a specified business limitation or any other term or provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal, incapable of being enforced by any rule of Law or under public policy, unreasonable or arbitrary, then such term or provision shall be ineffective to the extent, and only to the extent, of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability and shall be enforced to the greatest extent permitted by Law.

 

SECTION 5.4.                                                                  Entire Agreement.

 

This Agreement (together with any Annexures and Exhibits) constitutes the entire agreement of the Parties (and their Affiliates) and supersedes all prior agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the Parties (and their Affiliates), or any of them, with respect to the subject matter hereof.

 

SECTION 5.5.                                                                  Assignment.

 

This Agreement shall not be assigned (except by operation of Law) without the prior written consent of the other Parties, which may be withheld in any Party’s sole discretion.

 

SECTION 5.6.                                                                  Parties in Interest.

 

This Agreement shall be binding upon, inure solely to the benefit of and be enforceable by each Party and their respective successors and permitted assigns hereto, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person other than the Parties or any Persons subject to indemnification pursuant to Article III, who shall be considered express third party beneficiaries of this Agreement, any right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

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SECTION 5.7.                                                                  Expenses.

 

Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all fees and expenses incurred in connection herewith shall be paid by the Party incurring such expenses.

 

SECTION 5.8.                                                                  Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction.

 

This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of Delaware applicable to contracts to be fully performed therein.  Each of the Parties hereby irrevocably and unconditionally consents to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the courts of the United States, in each case located in the County of New Castle in the State of Delaware, for any litigation arising out of or relating to this Agreement, and further agrees that service of any process, summons, notice or document by U.S. registered mail to its respective address set forth herein shall be effective service of process for any litigation brought against it in any such court.  Each of the Parties hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives any objection to the laying of venue of any litigation arising out of this Agreement in the courts of the State of Delaware or the United States, in each case, located in the County of New Castle in the State of Delaware, and hereby further irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to plead or claim in any such court that any such litigation brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.

 

SECTION 5.9.                                                                  Counterparts.

 

This Agreement may be executed and delivered in one or more counterparts, and by the Parties in separate counterparts (which may be by electronic mail in pdf format), each of which when executed and delivered shall be deemed to be an original but all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

 

SECTION 5.10.                                                           Further Assurances.

 

The Parties shall cooperate reasonably with each other and with their respective representatives in connection with any steps required to be taken as part of their respective obligations under this Agreement, and shall (a) furnish upon request to each other such further information; (b) execute and deliver to each other such other documents; and (c) do such other acts and things, all as the other Parties may reasonably request for the purpose of carrying out the rights, interests and obligations of the Parties under this Agreement.

 

SECTION 5.11.                                                           Amendment.

 

This Agreement may be amended or waived at any time by an instrument in writing executed and delivered by all of the Parties.

 

SECTION 5.12.                                                           Waiver.

 

The failure of any Party to assert any of its rights under this Agreement or otherwise shall not constitute a waiver of such rights.

 

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SECTION 5.13.                                                           Waiver of Jury Trial.

 

Each Party hereby waives to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any litigation directly or indirectly arising out of, under or in connection with this Agreement or any transaction contemplated hereby.

 

SECTION 5.14.                                                           Specific Performance.

 

The Parties agree that a violation of any of the terms of this Agreement may cause irreparable injury to the Parties for which money damages, even if available, may not be an adequate remedy. Therefore, the TradeWeb Parties will be entitled to seek an injunction, restraining order or other equitable relief from a court of competent jurisdiction in the event of any breach of this Agreement. The rights and remedies provided by this Agreement are cumulative and in addition to any other rights and remedies which the TradeWeb Parties may have hereunder or at Law or in equity.  If any action is brought by the TradeWeb Parties to enforce this Agreement, the Refinitiv Entities agree not to oppose the granting of specific performance and other equitable relief on the basis that the TradeWeb Parties have an adequate remedy at Law and the TradeWeb Parties shall not be required to pay or post any bond in connection with any such equitable relief. The Parties further agree that the provisions of the covenants contained in Section 2.1 are reasonable and necessary to protect the businesses of TWM Inc. and its Subsidiaries.

 

SECTION 5.15.                                                           Interpretation.

 

(a)                                 Whenever required by the context, any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms, and the singular form of nouns, pronouns and verbs shall include the plural and vice versa. The use of the word “including” in this Agreement shall be by way of example rather than by limitation. Reference to any agreement, document or instrument means such agreement, document or instrument as amended or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof, and if applicable hereof. Without limiting the generality of the immediately preceding sentence, no amendment or other modification to any agreement, document or instrument that requires the consent of any Person pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any other agreement will be given effect hereunder unless such Person has consented in writing to such amendment or modification.

 

(b)                                 The use of the words “or,” “either” and “any” shall not be exclusive. The Parties hereto have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement. In the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the Parties hereto, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any Party by virtue of the authorship of any of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

(c)                                  The words “hereof,” “herein” and “hereunder” and words of like import used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. Any statute or laws defined or referred to herein shall include any rules, regulations or forms promulgated thereunder from time to time, and references to such

 

17

 

statutes, laws, rules, regulations and forms shall be to such statutes, laws, rules, regulations and forms as they may be from time to time amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented, including by succession of comparable statutes, laws, rules, regulations and forms. References to the preamble, recitals, Articles and Sections are to the preamble, recitals, Articles and Sections of this Agreement unless otherwise specified.

 

(the remainder of this page has been intentionally left blank)

 

18

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have each caused this Agreement to be executed and delivered as of the date first above written.

 

	
 
    	
TRADEWEB   MARKETS LLC  
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:   
    	
/s/   Lee Olesky
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Lee Olesky
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title:   Chief Executive Officer
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
TRADEWEB   MARKETS INC.
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/   Lee Olesky
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Lee Olesky
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title:   Chief Executive Officer
    

 

 

	
 
    	
REFINITIV   US PME LLC
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/   Stephen Leith
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:Stephen   Leith
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title:   President
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
REFINITIV   PARENT LIMITED
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/   Mark Irving
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Mark Irving
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title:   Assistant Secretary
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
REFINITIV   US HOLDINGS INC.
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/   Mark Irving
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Mark Irving
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title:   Assistant Secretary
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
REFINITIV TW HOLDINGS LLC
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
/s/   Mark Irving
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:   Mark Irving
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title:   President

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