Document:

Exhibit

Exhibit 4.2

DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES
REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

The following description of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”) of Qualys, Inc. (the “Company”) is based upon the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), the Company’s amended and restated bylaws (the “Bylaws”), and applicable provisions of law. The following description summarizes the most important terms of the Company’s Common Stock.  For a complete description of the matters set forth in this exhibit, please refer to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, each of which is filed as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10‐K of which this exhibit is a part, and to the applicable provisions of Delaware law.

Authorized Capital Stock

Under the Certificate of Incorporation, the Company’s authorized capital stock consists of 1,000,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 20,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share.
 
Common Stock

Common Stock Outstanding. The outstanding shares of Common Stock are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. 

Voting Rights. Each holder of Common Stock is entitled to one vote for each share held of record on the applicable record date on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors.  Holders of Common Stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.

Dividend Rights. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding preferred stock, holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the Company’s board of directors out of legally available funds. 

Rights upon Liquidation. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of Common Stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all of the Company’s debts and other liabilities and the satisfaction of any liquidation preference granted to the holders of any then outstanding shares of preferred stock.

Other Rights. Holders of Common Stock have no preemptive, conversion, subscription or other rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to Common Stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of Common Stock are subject to and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock that the Company may designate and issue in the future.

Preferred Stock

Under the Certificate of Incorporation, without further stockholder action, the Company’s board of directors is authorized to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof. These rights, preferences and privileges could include dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of such series, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of Common Stock. The issuance of preferred stock by the Company could adversely affect the voting power of holders of Common Stock and the likelihood that such holders will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation. In addition, the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of the Company or other corporate action.

Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions 

Certain provisions of Delaware law, the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another person from acquiring control of the Company. These provisions, which are summarized below, may have the effect of discouraging takeover bids. They are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of the Company to negotiate first with the Company’s board of directors. 

Delaware Law.  The Company is governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or Section 203. In general, Section 203 prohibits a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A “business combination” includes mergers, asset sales or other transactions resulting in a financial benefit to the stockholder. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years did own, 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock. These provisions may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control.

Board of Directors Vacancies. The Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws authorize only the Company’s board of directors to fill vacant directorships, including newly created seats. In addition, the number of directors constituting the Company’s board of directors is permitted to be set only by a resolution adopted by a majority vote of the entire board of directors. These provisions would prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of the Company’s board of directors and then gaining control of the board of directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees. This makes it more difficult to change the composition of the Company’s board of directors but promotes continuity of management.

Classified Board. The Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that the board is classified into three classes of directors. A third party may be discouraged from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company as it is more difficult and time consuming for stockholders to replace a majority of the directors on a classified board of directors. 

Stockholder Action and Special Meeting of Stockholders.  The Certificate of Incorporation provides that stockholders may not take action by written consent, but may only take action at annual or special meetings of stockholders. As a result, a holder controlling a majority of the Company’s capital stock would not be able to amend the Bylaws or remove directors without holding a meeting of stockholders called in accordance with the Bylaws. The Bylaws further provide that special meetings of stockholders may be called only by a majority of the Company’s board of directors, the Chairman of the board of directors, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer or the Company’s President, thus prohibiting a stockholder from calling a special meeting. These provisions might delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or for stockholders controlling a majority of the Company’s capital stock to take any action, including the removal of directors.

Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations. The Bylaws provide advance notice procedures for stockholders seeking to bring business before an annual meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at an annual meeting of stockholders. The Bylaws also specify certain requirements regarding the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. These provisions might preclude stockholders from bringing matters before an annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at an annual meeting of stockholders if the proper procedures are not followed. These provisions may also discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company.

Directors Removed Only for Cause. The Certificate of Incorporation provides that stockholders may remove directors only for cause.

Amendment of Charter Provisions. Any amendment of the above provisions in the Certificate of Incorporation would require approval by holders of at least two-thirds of the Company’s then outstanding Common Stock.Exhibit

Exhibit 4(a)
HARSCO CORPORATION
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
The following summary description of our common stock is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the detailed provisions of our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as further amended or restated, which we refer to in this exhibit as the Certificate of Incorporation, our By-Laws, as amended, which we refer to in this exhibit as the Bylaws, and applicable provisions of the laws of Delaware, our state of incorporation, including without limitation the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”).  These statements do not purport to be complete, or to give full effect to the terms of the provisions of statutory or common law, and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, the terms of the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws, each of which has been filed as an exhibit to (or incorporated by reference in) our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and to applicable provisions of Delaware law.

General
Harsco Corporation (the “Company”) is incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware and currently is authorized by its Certificate of Incorporation to issue up to 154,000,000 shares, of which 4,000,000 shares are to be preferred stock of the par value of $1.25 per share and 150,000,000 shares are to be common stock of the par value of $1.25 per share.  While at present the Company has only shares of common stock issued and outstanding, our Board of Directors is authorized by the Certificate of Incorporation to provide in the future for issuance of the authorized preferred stock in one or more series, with such voting powers (full or limited, or without voting powers) and with such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as shall be established by our Board of Directors at such time.
Listing, Transfer Agent and Registrar 
The Company’s common stock is listed on The New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol “HSC.”  The Transfer Agent and Registrar for our common stock is Computershare Investor Services.
Dividend and Liquidation Rights; No Preemptive or Conversion Rights
Subject to the rights of the holders of preferred stock that may be outstanding from time to time, holders of common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as are declared by the Board of Directors from any funds legally available therefor, and to share ratably in assets available for distribution upon any liquidation.  Holders of common stock have no preemptive rights and have no rights to convert their common stock into any other securities, and common stock is not subject to redemption or to any further call or assessment.
Certain Provisions of Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Voting Rights and Election of Directors.  Except as might otherwise be provided in any resolutions of the Board of Directors establishing the terms of a future series of preferred stock, holders of our common stock have the exclusive right to elect directors and are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted for action by the stockholders.  Shares representing a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on any matter, represented in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders, constitute a quorum for the transaction of business with respect to such matter.

Holders of common stock may not cumulate votes for the election of directors.  Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that in an uncontested election of directors (that is, an election where the number of director nominees does not exceed the number of directors to be elected), each director nominee must receive the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast with respect to his or her election in order to be elected, meaning that the number of shares voted “for” a director must exceed the number of shares voted “against” that director.  The Certificate of Incorporation provides that in any election of directors where there are more nominees for election than the number of directors to be elected, as a result of a timely nomination by one or more stockholders in accordance with applicable requirements of the Bylaws, director nominees shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast.  The Bylaws further provide that no person who shall have attained the age of 72 shall be eligible for election as a director unless he or she shall have been nominated by a three-fourths vote of the Board of Directors and, except as otherwise required by law, each director elected shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is elected and qualified.
Our Bylaws also include a director resignation policy, pursuant to which any director nominee who receives more votes “withheld” from his or her election than votes “for” his or her election in an uncontested director election (i.e., an election of directors where the number of director nominees does not exceed the number of directors to be elected) will be required to submit a conditional resignation.  The Nominating Committee of the Board must then evaluate the resignation and recommend to the Board whether to accept or reject such resignation.  The Board of Directors will then act on the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee’s recommendation and publicly disclose its decision within 90 days following certification of the election results.  If a director’s resignation is not accepted by the Board, then such director would, except as otherwise required by law, continue to serve on the Board until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until such time as his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death, unconditional resignation or removal.
Under our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, any vacancy on our Board caused by a director’s death, resignation, disqualification or removal, or an increase in the number of directors, or for any other reason, shall be filled solely by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, regardless of the presence of a quorum, or by a sole remaining director.  A director so elected by the Board shall hold office only until the next annual election of directors and, except as otherwise required by law, until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.  The Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws also provide that no decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.
Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, at any annual meeting of stockholders of the Company or at any special meeting of stockholders of the Company, the notice of which shall state that the removal of a director or directors is among the purposes of the meeting, with the affirmative vote of at least 80% of the vote which all holders of common stock are entitled to cast thereon.
Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations.  Our Bylaws contain provisions requiring advance notice be delivered to the Company of any business to be brought by a stockholder before an annual meeting and providing for procedures to be followed by stockholders in nominating persons for election to our Board of Directors.  For business to be brought by a stockholder before an annual meeting (other than a stockholder proposal submitted in accordance with the requirements of SEC Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), or for stockholder nominations for election to the Board of Directors, a stockholder must give notice no later than 90 days prior to the anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting (subject to limited exceptions in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date).  In the case of a special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of election of directors, any director nomination by a stockholder must be received not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the earlier of the day on which notice of the special meeting was first mailed or publicly disclosed.  In each case, the stockholder’s notice must contain the information required by our Bylaws, and the stockholder(s) and nominee(s) must comply with the information and other requirements set forth in our Bylaws.

Special Meetings and Written Consent.  A special meeting of the stockholders may only be called by our Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or our President.  Stockholders are not permitted to propose business to be brought before a special meeting.  In addition, stockholders are not permitted under the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaw s to act by written consent in lieu of a meeting.
Business Combinations with Substantial Stockholders; Anti-Greenmail Provision.  The Certificate of Incorporation contains a fair price provision that requires that mergers, consolidations, certain asset sales, liquidations, certain recapitalizations, and certain other transactions (each, a “Business Combination”) involving the Company and a person or group (each, a “Substantial Stockholder”) that beneficially owns 10% or more of the outstanding shares of common stock or the Company either (1) meet certain minimum price and procedural requirements, (2) be approved by three-fourths of the “Continuing Directors” (those Directors in office immediately prior to the date such Substantial Stockholder became a Substantial Stockholder and, subject to certain conditions, their successors who are approved by a majority of the then current Continuing Directors), or (3) be approved by the affirmative vote of (a) 90% of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company and (b) the number or proportion of shares of any class or series of any class of other shares of the Company (if any) as shall be required by the express terms of such class or series.  The fair price provision also provides that it can only be amended by an affirmative vote described in clause (2) or (3) above and such other vote of the stockholders as may be required by statute or the Bylaws.
To consummate a Business Combination based on the minimum price and procedural requirements, the following conditions must be met:
(1)    Without the approval of three-fourths of the Continuing Directors, a Substantial Stockholder, after the time it becomes a Substantial Stockholder, shall not have (a) made any material change in the Company’s business or capital structure; (b) received the benefit of any loan, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial assistance provided by the Company, except proportionately with all other stockholders; (c) made, caused or brought about any change in the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws or in the membership of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof; or (d) acquired any newly issued or treasury shares from the Company (except upon conversion of convertible securities or as a result of a pro rata share dividend or share split); and
(2)    All of the holders of common stock of the Company must receive consideration that is not less than the greatest of (a) the highest price per share (including brokerage commissions, soliciting dealers’ fees and all other expenses) paid by the Substantial Stockholder in acquiring any of its shares of common stock of the Company; (b) the per share book value of the common stock of the Company at the time the Business Combination is effected, as determined by an independent appraisal firm or other experts selected by the Board of Directors; (c) the highest sale or bid price per share of the common stock during the 24 months immediately preceding the time the Business Combination is effected; and (d) an amount that bears the same or a greater percentage relationship to the market price of the common stock of the Company immediately prior to the announcement of the Business Combination as the highest price paid in 2(a) above bore to the market price of the common stock of the Company immediately prior to the commencement of acquisition of the common stock of the Company by such Substantial Stockholder.
The Certificate of Incorporation also contains a prevention of greenmail provision that provides, in general, that any purchase or other acquisition by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of shares of common stock of the Company known by the Company to be beneficially owned by any holder of 5% or more of the outstanding common stock of the Company that has owned such securities for less than two years requires the affirmative vote of 80% of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company, unless such shares are purchased at or below “Fair Market Value” (as defined in the Certificate of Incorporation), as part of a tender or exchange offer made on the same terms to all holders and in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations thereunder, pursuant to a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 or by means of open market purchases if the price and other terms are not negotiated by the purchaser and the seller.  The Certificate of Incorporation also provides that the affirmative vote of 80% of the outstanding shares of common stock is required to amend, modify or repeal this anti-greenmail provision.

Forum Selection Provision.  The Bylaws provide that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, a state court located in the State of Delaware (or, if no state court within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for the following actions: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company; (ii) any action asserting a claim for breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders; (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or by-laws (as either may be amended from time to time); and (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company governed by the Delaware internal affairs doctrine.
Amendments of Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws.  In general, any amendment or restatement of the Certificate of Incorporation is subject to approval by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by each voting group of our stockholders entitled to vote thereon, unless the Board of Directors shall require a greater vote.  Our Bylaws provide that they may be altered or amended by action of the Board or by vote of our stockholders at an annual or special meeting where notice of such amendment has been duly given.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, approval of 80% of the votes entitled to be cast are required to amended certain provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, including matters previously described herein under “Voting Rights and Election of Directors,” “Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations” and “Special Meetings and Written Consent.”
Potential Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law
The Company is subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, which restricts certain transactions and business combinations between a corporation and an interested stockholder (defined, generally, as a person owning 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting stock) for a period of three years from the date such person becomes an interested stockholder.  Subject to certain exceptions, unless the transaction is approved by the board of directors and the holders of at least 662/3% of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation (excluding voting stock held by the interested stockholder), certain business transactions are prohibited, such as a merger with, disposition of assets to, or receipt of disproportionate financial benefits by the interested stockholder, or any other transaction that would increase the interested stockholder’s proportionate ownership of any class or series of the corporation’s stock.  The statutory ban does not apply if, upon consummation of the transaction in which any person becomes an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owns at least 85% of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation (excluding voting stock held by persons who are both directors and officers or by certain employee stock plans) or if the transaction by which the interested stockholder becomes such is approved by the board of directors of the corporation prior to the date such stockholder becomes an interested stockholder.

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