Document:

Prepared by MERRILL CORPORATION

   CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED

UNDER 17 C.F.R §§ 200.80(b)4, AND 240.24b-2  

 LICENSE AGREEMENT  

    This License Agreement (the "Agreement") is effective as of December 31, 2001 (the "Effective Date") between Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a
Delaware corporation having an address at 2292 Faraday Avenue, Carlsbad, CA ("Isis") and EyeTech Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a corporation having an address at 666 Fifth Avenue, 35th
Floor, New York, NY 10103 ("EyeTech"). Isis and EyeTech may be referred to herein as the "Parties," or each individually as a "Party." 

ARTICLE 1

DEFINITIONS  

    Capitalized terms used herein have the meaning set forth in Exhibit A. 

ARTICLE 2

SCOPE OF LICENSE  

    2.1  Grant.  Subject to the terms of this Agreement and during the Term, Isis grants to EyeTech a
non-exclusive license under the Licensed Patent Rights to make, have made, use and sell EYE001 worldwide. The license is sublicensable. 

ARTICLE 3

LICENSE FEES AND ROYALTIES  

    3.1  Fees and Royalties.  EyeTech will pay to Isis the fees, milestones and royalties set forth in this
Article 3. 

    3.1.1  License Fees.  EyeTech will pay an initial, irrevocable and non-refundable license fee
of $2,000,000 (the "License Fee") to Isis, $1,000,000 of which will be paid upon execution of this Agreement and $1,000,000 of which will be paid upon the earlier of (i) the date of the AMD
Completed Patient Enrollment, or (ii) July 31, 2002. 

    3.1.2  Milestones.  EyeTech will pay the following milestones to Isis: 

	a.
	For
the initial indication of age-related macular degeneration for EYE001: 

[***] 

	b.
	For
each additional therapeutic indication for EYE001: 

[***] 

    3.1.3  Royalties on EYE001.  EyeTech will pay Isis a royalty of [***] on Net
Sales of EYE001 when the manufacture, use or sale of EYE001 would infringe the Licensed Patent Rights. 

ARTICLE 4

PAYMENTS AND REPORTS  

    4.1  Payment.  Royalty payments will be due every three (3) months beginning with the first
commercial sale of EYE001 (each such 3-month period a "Reporting Period") and will be paid within sixty (60) days of the close of each Reporting Period. Each royalty payment will be
accompanied by a statement of the amount of Net Sales and all adjustments thereto during such Reporting Period. 

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    4.2  Mode of Payment.  EyeTech will make all payments required under this Agreement in U.S. Dollars. The
payments due on the sale of EYE001 received outside the United States will be translated using exchange rates published in the Wall Street Journal on the last day of the Reporting Period in question. 

    4.3  Records Retention.  EyeTech and its sublicensees will keep complete and accurate records pertaining
to the sale of EYE001 and covering all transactions from which the Net Sales are derived for a period of thirty-six (36) months after the year in which such Net Sales were received,
and in sufficient detail to permit Isis to confirm the accuracy of royalty calculations hereunder. 

    4.4  Audit Request.  No more than once each calendar year and at the request of Isis, EyeTech will permit
an independent, certified public accountant appointed by Isis and acceptable to EyeTech, at reasonable times and upon reasonable notice, to examine those records and all other material documents
relating to or relevant to Net Sales in the possession or control of EyeTech, for a period of two (2) years after such royalties have accrued, as may be necessary to: (a) determine the
correctness of any report or payment made under this Agreement; or (b) obtain information as to the royalties payable for any Reporting Period in the case of EyeTech's failure to report or pay
pursuant to this Agreement. Said accountant will not disclose to Isis any information other than information relating to said reports, royalties, and payments and will disclose such information in a
format agreed upon by the parties that will ensure that no confidential information of EyeTech is disclosed. Results of any such examination will be made available to both parties. The fees charged by
the public accountant conducting the audit will be paid for by Isis, provided that, if the audit determines that the additional royalties payable by EyeTech for an audited period exceed
[***] of the royalties actually paid for such period, then EyeTech will pay the fees and expenses charged by such accounting firm. 

ARTICLE 5

PATENTS, INFRINGEMENT AND ENFORCEMENT  

    5.1  Patent Prosecution and Maintenance.  Isis will have the right and responsibility to prosecute and/or
maintain the Licensed Patent Rights in any country at its own expense. If ISIS decides to discontinue the prosecution or maintenance of any Licensed Patent Right entirely or in a particular country,
it will
inform EyeTech thereof with sufficient time for EyeTech to assume the prosecution or maintenance of such Licensed Patent Right, and EyeTech may assume such prosecution or maintenance if such Licensed
Patent Right provides a substantial competitive advantage to EyeTech with respect to EYE001 in the applicable country. If Isis has granted similar rights to third parties, EyeTech's rights under this
section 5.1 will be shared equally with such third parties. 

ARTICLE 6

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES  

    6.1  Isis Representation and Warranty.  Isis warrants that it has the lawful right to grant the license
made the subject of this Agreement. Except as expressly stated in this section, Isis makes no other representations of any kind or nature whatsoever. ISIS MAKES NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY OR NONINFRINGEMENT REGARDING OR WITH RESPECT TO THE LICENSED PATENTS. Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, nothing in this Agreement will be construed as (a) a warranty or representation by Isis as to validity or scope of the Licensed Patent Rights or
(b) a warranty or representation that anything made, used, sold or otherwise disposed of under the license is or will be free from infringement of third party rights. 

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    6.2  EyeTech Representations and Warranties.  EyeTech represents and warrants to Isis that EyeTech has
the power and authority to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement, and this Agreement is a valid and binding obligation of EyeTech, enforceable in accordance with its terms. 

ARTICLE 7

INDEMNITY  

    7.1 EyeTech
agrees to indemnify, hold harmless and defend Isis, its officers, directors, employees and agents, from and against any and all claims, suits, losses,
damages, costs, fees and expenses (collectively, "Claims") resulting from or arising out of (a) the development, manufacture, storage, sale or other distribution or any other use of EYE001 by
EyeTech, its affiliates, sublicensees, agents and
representatives or use by end users and other third parties of EYE001; and (b) EyeTech's breach of any representation or warranty herein. 

    7.2 In
all cases where Isis seeks indemnification from EyeTech under this Article 7, Isis will promptly notify EyeTech of receipt of any claim or lawsuit covered
by such indemnification obligation and will cooperate fully with EyeTech in connection with the investigation and defense of such claim or lawsuit. EyeTech will have the right to control the defense,
with counsel of its choice, provided that Isis will have the right to be represented by advisory counsel at its own expense. Neither party will settle or dispose of the matter in any matter that could
negatively and materially affect the rights or liability of the other party without the prior written consent of such party, which will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. 

ARTICLE 8

TERM AND TERMINATION  

    8.1  Term.  This Agreement will commence as of the Effective Date and continue until the last Licensed
Patent Rights expire (the "Term"). 

    8.2  Termination for Breach.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, a party may terminate this
Agreement in the event that the other party (the "Defaulting Party") materially breaches its obligations hereunder and fails to cure such breach within [***] days of receipt of
written notice thereof (which notice will specify the breach in reasonable detail and demand it be cured) (or, if such breach cannot be cured in such ninety [***] day period,
if the Defaulting Party does not commence and diligently continue (until completed) actions to cure such default). Such termination will be without prejudice to the non-Defaulting Party's
other rights under this Agreement, or any of its other rights or remedies available to it by law or in equity. 

    8.3  Termination by EyeTech.  Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, EyeTech has the
right to terminate this Agreement at any time in its sole discretion by giving [***] days advance written notice to ISIS;  provided, that at the time of such termination EyeTech is not conducting (and
does not intend to conduct) itself in a manner that would, but for the
license granted in Article 2 of this Agreement, infringe the Licensed Patent Rights. In the event of such termination by EyeTech, EyeTech will still be obligated to pay any amounts due to Isis
hereunder which, but for the lapse of time, will be owed to Isis, including the unpaid portion of the License Fee. Notwithstanding Section 3.1.1 above, any unpaid portion of the License Fee
will be immediately due and payable upon such termination. 

    8.3  Effect of Termination.  Upon the termination of this Agreement for any reason, all rights licensed
to EyeTech will revert to Isis. 

    8.4  Accrued Rights, Surviving Rights and Obligations.  Termination or expiration of this Agreement for
any reason will be without prejudice to any rights that will have accrued to the benefit of either party prior to such termination or expiration. Such termination or expiration will not relieve either 

3

 

party from obligations that are expressly indicated to survive termination or expiration of this Agreement including, without limitation, EyeTech's obligation to pay all royalties that will have
accrued hereunder. Without limiting the foregoing, the parties' rights and obligations under Articles 4, 6 and 7, and section 8.3 will likewise survive termination or expiration of this
Agreement. 

ARTICLE 9

MISCELLANEOUS  

    9.1  Relationship of the Parties.  Nothing in this Agreement is intended to create, or creates, a
partnership or joint venture relationship between the parties. The relationship between the parties hereunder is that of independent contractors. 

    9.2  Successors and Assigns.  Except as otherwise provided herein, this Agreement may not be assigned by
a party without the prior written consent of the other, provided, however, that either party may assign this Agreement to any successor by merger or to the purchaser of all or substantially all of its
assets provided that the party will remain liable and responsible for the performance and observance of all of its duties and obligations hereunder. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is
intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective permitted successors and assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under this Agreement. 

    9.3  Governing Law.  This Agreement will be governed by and construed under the laws of the State of
Delaware without giving effect to its conflict of laws rules. 

    9.4  Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which will be
decreed an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. 

    9.5  Compliance With Laws.  Both parties will comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations
pertaining to the development, testing, manufacture, marketing and import or export of EYE001 and will, as appropriate, include similar provisions in any sublicense agreements requiring sublicensees
to do the same. 

    9.6  Notices.  Unless otherwise provided, any notice required or permitted under this Agreement will be
given in writing and will be deemed effectively given upon personal delivery to the party to be notified or five (5) days after upon deposit with the United States Post Office by registered or
certified 

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mail, postage prepaid or through a major courier (such as Federal Express, DHL or UPS), or sent by facsimile, and addressed to the party to be notified at the address set forth below. 

	To Isis:	 	Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

292 Faraday Avenue

Carlsbad, CA 92008

Attn: Executive Vice President

Fax: 760-931-3861

Phone: 760-603-2707
	 	 	 
	with copies to:	 	General Counsel

Fax: 760-603-3820
	 	 	 
	To EyeTech:	 	EyeTech Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

666 Fifth Avenue

35th Floor

New York, NY 10103

Attn: Chief Executive Officer

Fax:  212-582-2645

Phone: 212-582-8376
	 	 	 
	with copies to:	 	General Counsel

    9.7  Amendments and Waivers.  Any term of this Agreement may be amended and the observance of any term of
this Agreement may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively), only with the written consent of Isis and EyeTech. The waiver by either
of the parties of any breach of any provision hereof by the other party shall not be construed to be a waiver of any succeeding breach of such provision or a waiver of the provision itself. 

    9.8  Severability.  If one or more provisions of this Agreement are held to be unenforceable under
applicable law, such provision will be excluded from this Agreement and the balance of the Agreement will be interpreted as if such provision were so excluded and will be enforceable in accordance
with its terms. 

    9.9  Force Majeure.  No party will be deemed to be in default of this Agreement to the extent the
performance of its obligations or attempts to cure any breach are delayed or prevented by reason of any act of God, war, fire, natural disaster, accident, act of government, or any other cause beyond
the reasonable control of such party, if the party affected will give prompt notice of any such event to the other party. In the event of such a force majeure event, the time for performance or cure
will be extended for the period equal to the duration of such force majeure event but not in excess of six (6) months. 

    9.10  Entire Agreement.  This Agreement is the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the
subject matter hereof, and any previous agreements, discussions or understandings, whether written or oral, are hereby merged herein. 

    9.11  Press Release.  EyeTech and Isis agree that each Party may issue a press release. The Parties will
confer on such press releases, to review and comment and incorporate the other Party's reasonable comments and suggestions prior to issuance of such press release. 

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    IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the Effective Date. 

	Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	 	EyeTech Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
	 	 	 
	By: /s/ B. Lynne Parshall
Name: B. Lynne Parshall
Title: Executive Vice President
	 	By: /s/ David Guyer
Name: David Guyer
Title: CEO

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EXHIBIT A

DEFINITIONS  

	1.
	"AMD
Completed Patient Enrollment" means the completion of enrollment of that number of patients in EyeTech's Pivotal Phase II/III clinical trial program that is necessary to gain
Food and Drug Administration regulatory approval of EYE001 for the treatment of the wet form of age-related macular degeneration.

	2.
	"Major
Market" means Canada, any European Community member country, Japan or the United States.

	3.
	"Manufacturing
Process" means the process steps [***] set forth in master batch records for EYE001 in the version existing as of the Effective Date,
including reasonable minor variants and extensions of process steps thereof.

	4.
	"Net
Sales" will mean the gross invoice price of EYE001 sold by EyeTech, its affiliates and sublicensees to a third party less the following items: (i) trade discounts,
credits or allowances, (ii) credits or allowances additionally granted upon returns, rejections or recalls (except where any such recall arises out of EyeTech's or sublicensee's gross
negligence, willful misconduct or fraud), (iii) freight, shipping and insurance charges, (iv) taxes, duties or other governmental tariffs (other than income taxes) and
(v) government-mandated rebates. EyeTech, its affiliates or sublicensees will be treated as having sold EYE001 for an amount equal to the fair market value of EYE001 if: (a) EYE001 is
used by
EyeTech, its affiliates or sublicensees without charge or provision of invoice, or (b) EYE001 is provided to a third party by EyeTech, its affiliates or sublicensees without charge or provision
of invoice and used by such third party.

	5.
	"EYE001"
means EyeTech's EYE001 NX1838 non-antisense therapeutic product (or any product containing EyeTech's EYE001 NX1838 non-antisense therapeutic product
for the treatment of ophthalmic conditions. EYE001 will also include any minor chemical modification to EYE001 NX1838.

	6.
	"Patent"
or "Patents" means (a) patent applications (including provisional applications and applications for certificates of invention); (b) any patents issuing from
such patent applications (including certificates of invention); (c) all patents and patent applications based on, corresponding to, or claiming the priority date(s) of any of the foregoing; and
(d) any substitutions, extensions (including supplemental protection certificates), registrations, confirmations, reissues, divisionals, continuations, re-examinations, renewals and
foreign counterparts thereof.

	7.
	"Licensed
Patent Rights" means all Patents owned by Isis or controlled by Isis through the Term which Isis has the right to sublicense and such sublicense does not create any
obligation to any third party, which claim or cover [***]

	8.
	"Reporting
Period" has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.

	9.
	"Term"
has the meaning set forth in Section 8.1. 

CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED

UNDER 17 C.F.R. §§ 200.80(b)4, AND 240.24b-2  

7Prepared by MERRILL CORPORATION

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EXHIBIT 4.1  

AMENDED AND RESTATED

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

STAPLES, INC. 

PURSUANT
TO SECTION 245 OF THE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW

OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE 

 
 

ARTICLE I    
  

NAME  

    The name of the corporation is: Staples, Inc. 

 
 

ARTICLE II    
  

PURPOSES  

    The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation Law of
Delaware other than the banking business, the trust company business or the practice of a profession permitted to be incorporated by the General Corporation Code. 

 
 

ARTICLE III    
  

AGENT FOR SERVICE  

    The name and address in the State of Delaware of this Corporation's registered agent for service of process is: 

The
Corporation Trust Company

1209 Orange Street

Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19801 

 
 

ARTICLE IV    
  

CAPITAL STOCK  

    The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the Corporation has authority to issue is two billion one hundred five million (2,105,000,000) shares,
consisting of two billion one hundred million (2,100,000,000) shares of Common Stock with a par value of $.0006 per share ("Common Stock") and five million (5,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock with a
par value of $.01 per share ("Preferred Stock"). 

    (A)  COMMON STOCK  

    SECTION
1.  VOTING RIGHTS.  The holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each
share so held with respect to all matters voted on by the stockholders of the Corporation. 

    SECTION
2.  LIQUIDATION RIGHTS.  Upon the dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Corporation,
after any preferential amounts to be distributed to the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding have been paid or declared and set apart for payment, and subject to the rights, if
any, of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding to share in any remaining assets of the Corporation, the holders of the Common Stock will be entitled to receive all the remaining
assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares held by them, respectively. 

    SECTION 3.  DIVIDENDS.  To the extent permitted under the General Corporation Law of Delaware and subject
to the rights, if any, of the Preferred Stock, dividends may be paid on the Common Stock as and when declared by the Board of Directors. 

    (B)  PREFERRED STOCK  

    SECTION
1.  DESIGNATION.  The Preferred Stock shall be designated and known as "Preferred Stock." The
number of shares constituting such Preferred Stock shall be 5,000,000. 

    SECTION
2.  RIGHTS AND PREFERENCES.  The Board of Directors is authorized, subject to limitations
prescribed by law and this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, to divide the Preferred Stock into series and to establish and designate each series and fix and determine the variations
in the relative rights and preferences as between the different series, provided that all shares of the Preferred Stock shall be identical except that the Board of Directors shall be authorized to fix
and determine: 

	(a)
	the
number of shares in and the distinctive designation of each series;

	(b)
	whether
or not the shares of any series shall be redeemable and, if so, the price (which may vary under different conditions and at different redemption dates), terms and manner of
redemption, including the date or dates on or after which they shall be redeemable;

	(c)
	special
and relative rights as to dividends with respect to each series, including without limitation the dividend rate, conditions under which dividends may be payable, dividend
preferences, if any, and whether and from which date or dates dividends may be cumulative;

	(d)
	special
and relative rights with respect to each series on liquidation, voluntary or involuntary, including dissolution or winding up of the Corporation;

	(e)
	any
sinking fund or purchase fund provisions applicable to any series, including without limitation the annual amount thereof and the terms relating thereto;

	(f)
	conversion
rights, if any, of each series including the terms and conditions of conversion, which may contain provisions for adjustment of the conversion rate in such events as the
Board of Directors shall determine; and

	(g)
	conditions
under which the separate series shall have voting rights or no voting rights, in addition to the voting rights provided by law. 

    Prior
to the issue of any shares of a series established by the Directors, there shall be filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a certificate required by law
setting forth the designation of the series, its relative rights and preferences and any other information required by law. 

    (C)  SERIES A JUNIOR PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK  

    RESOLVED,
that pursuant to the authority granted to and vested in the Board of Directors of this Corporation (hereinafter called the "Board of Directors" or the "Board") in accordance
with the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation (as amended to date, the "Certificate of Incorporation"), the Board of Directors hereby creates a series of Preferred Stock, $.01 par value per
share (the "Preferred Stock"), of the Corporation and hereby states the designation and number of shares, and fixes the relative rights, preferences and limitations thereof as follows: 

    SECTION
1.  DESIGNATION AND AMOUNT.  The shares of such series shall be designated as "Series A
Junior Participating Preferred Stock" (the "Series A Preferred Stock") and the number of shares constituting the Series A Preferred Stock shall be 1,000,000. Such number of shares may be
increased or decreased by resolution of the Board of Directors; PROVIDED, that no decrease shall reduce the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock to a number less than the number of
shares then outstanding plus the number of shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding options, rights or warrants or upon the conversion of any outstanding securities issued by the
Corporation convertible into Series A Preferred Stock. 

    SECTION 2.  DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS.  

    (a) Subject
to the rights of the holders of any shares of any series of Preferred Stock (or any similar stock) ranking prior and superior to the Series A
Preferred Stock with respect to dividends, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock, in preference to the holders of Common Stock, par value $.0006 per share (the "Common Stock"), of
the Corporation, and of any other junior stock, shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors out of funds of the Corporation legally available for the payment of
dividends, quarterly dividends payable in cash on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 in each year (each such date being referred to herein as a "Quarterly
Dividend Payment Date"), commencing on the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date after the first issuance of a share or fraction of a share of Series A Preferred Stock, in an amount per share
(rounded to the nearest cent) equal to the greater of (a) $1 or (b) subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, 100 times the aggregate per share amount of all cash
dividends, and 100 times the aggregate per share amount (payable in kind) of all non-cash dividends or other distributions, other than a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock or a
subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise), declared on the Common Stock since the immediately preceding Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or, with respect
to the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, since the first issuance of any share or fraction of a share of Series A Preferred Stock. In the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or
pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision, combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or
otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the amount to which holders of shares of
Series A Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event under clause (b) of the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction, the
numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding
immediately prior to such event. 

    (b) The
Corporation shall declare a dividend or distribution on the Series A Preferred Stock as provided in paragraph (A) of this Section immediately
after it declares a dividend or distribution on the Common Stock (other than a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock) and the Corporation shall pay such dividend or distribution on the
Series A Preferred Stock before the dividend or distribution declared on the Common Stock is paid or set apart; provided that, in the event no dividend or distribution shall have been declared
on the Common Stock during the period between any Quarterly Dividend Payment Date and the next subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, a dividend of $1 per share on the Series A Preferred
Stock shall nevertheless be payable on such subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date. 

    (c) Dividends
shall begin to accrue and be cumulative on outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock from the Quarterly Dividend Payment Date next preceding
the date of issue of such shares, unless the date of issue of such shares is prior to the record date for the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in which case dividends on such shares shall begin
to accrue from the date of issue of such shares, or unless the date of issue is a Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or is a date after the record date for the determination of holders of shares of
Series A Preferred Stock entitled to receive a quarterly dividend and before such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in either of which events such dividends shall begin to accrue and be
cumulative from such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date. Accrued but unpaid dividends shall not bear interest. Dividends paid on the shares of Series A Preferred Stock in an amount less than the
total amount of such dividends at the time accrued and payable on such shares shall be allocated pro rata on a share-by-share basis among all such shares at the time
outstanding. The Board of Directors may fix a record date for the determination of holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock
entitled to receive payment of a dividend or distribution declared thereon, which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the payment thereof. 

    SECTION 3.  VOTING RIGHTS.  The holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have the
following voting rights: 

    (a) Subject
to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to 100 votes on all
matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation. In the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or
effect a subdivision, combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater
or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the number of votes per share to which holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such
event shall be adjusted by multiplying such number by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which
is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event. 

    (b) Except
as otherwise provided herein, by law, or in any other Certificate of Designations creating a series of Preferred Stock or any similar stock, the holders of
shares of Series A Preferred Stock and the holders of shares of Common Stock and any other capital stock of the Corporation having general voting rights shall vote together as one class on all
matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Corporation. 

    (c) (i)  If
any time dividends on any Series A Preferred Stock shall be in arrears in an amount equal to six quarterly dividends thereon, the
holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, voting as a separate series from all other series of Preferred Stock and classes of capital stock, shall be entitled to elect two members of the Board
of Directors in addition to any Directors elected by any other series, class or classes of securities and the authorized number of Directors will automatically be increased by two. Promptly
thereafter, the Board of Directors of this Corporation shall, as soon as may be practicable, call a special meeting of holders of Series A Preferred Stock for the purpose of electing such
members of the Board of Directors. Said special meeting shall in any event be held within 45 days of the occurrence of such arrearage. 

        (ii)  During
any period when the holders of Series A Preferred Stock, voting as a separate series, shall be entitled and shall have exercised their right to
elect two Directors, then and during such time as such right continues (a) the then authorized number of Directors shall be increased by two, and the holders of Series A Preferred Stock,
voting as a separate series, shall be entitled to elect the additional Director so provided for, and (b) each such additional Director shall not be a member of any existing class of the
Board of Directors, but shall serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders for the election of Directors, or until his successor shall be elected and shall qualify, or until his right to hold
such office terminates pursuant to the provisions of this Section 3(c). 

        (iii)  A
Director elected pursuant to the terms hereof may be removed with or without cause by the holders of Series A Preferred Stock entitled to vote in an
election of such Director. 

        (iv)  If,
during any interval between annual meetings of stockholders for the election of Directors and while the holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall be
entitled to elect two Directors, there is no such Director in office by reason of resignation, death or removal, then, promptly thereafter, the Board of Directors shall cause a special meeting of the
holders of Series A Preferred Stock for the purpose of filling such vacancy and such vacancy shall be filled at such special meeting. Such special meeting shall in any event be held within
45 days of the occurrence of such vacancy. 

        (v)  At
such time as the arrearage is fully cured, and all dividends accumulated and unpaid on any shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding are paid, and,
in addition thereto, at least one regular dividend has been paid subsequent to curing such arrearage, the term of office of any Director elected pursuant to this Section 3(c), or his successor,
shall automatically terminate, and the authorized number of Directors shall automatically decrease by two, the rights of the holders of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to vote as
provided in this Section 3(c) shall cease, subject to renewal from 

time to time upon the same terms and conditions, and the holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall have only the limited voting rights elsewhere herein set forth. 

    (d) Except
as set forth herein, or as otherwise provided by law, holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall have no special voting rights and their consent shall
not be required (except to the extent they are entitled to vote with holders of Common Stock as set forth herein) for taking any corporate action. 

    SECTION
4.  CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS.  

    (a) Whenever
quarterly dividends or other dividends or distributions payable on the Series A Preferred Stock as provided in Section 2 are in arrears,
thereafter and until all accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions, whether or not declared, on shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding shall have been paid in full, the Corporation
shall not: 

        (i)  declare
or pay dividends, or make any other distributions, on any shares of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock; 

        (ii)  declare
or pay dividends, or make any other distributions, on any shares of stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding up) with the Series A Preferred Stock, except dividends paid ratably on the Series A Preferred Stock and all such parity stock on which dividends are payable or in arrears in
proportion to the total amounts to which the holders of all such shares are then entitled; 

        (iii)  redeem
or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration shares of any stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding
up) to the Series A Preferred Stock, provided that the Corporation may at any time redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire shares of any such junior stock in exchange for shares of any stock of
the Corporation ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock; or (iv) redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire
for consideration any shares of Series A Preferred Stock, or any shares of stock ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, except in accordance with a purchase offer made in
writing or by publication (as determined by the Board of Directors) to all holders of such shares upon such terms as the Board of Directors, after consideration of the respective annual dividend rates
and other relative rights and preferences of the respective series and classes, shall determine in good faith will result in fair and equitable treatment among the respective series or classes. 

    (b) The
Corporation shall not permit any subsidiary of the Corporation to purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of stock of the Corporation unless
the Corporation could, under paragraph (a) of this Section 4, purchase or otherwise acquire such shares at any time and in such manner. 

    SECTION
5.  REACQUIRED SHARES.  Any shares of Series A Preferred Stock purchased or otherwise
acquired by the Corporation in any manner whatsoever shall be retired and cancelled promptly after the acquisition thereof. All such shares shall upon their cancellation become authorized but unissued
shares of Preferred Stock and may be reissued as part of a new series of Preferred Stock subject to the conditions and restrictions on issuance set forth herein, in the Restated Certificate of
Incorporation, as amended, or in any other Certificate of Designations creating a series of Preferred Stock or any similar stock or as otherwise required by law. 

    SECTION
6.  LIQUIDATION, DISSOLUTION OR WINDING UP  

    (a) Upon
any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, no distribution shall be made (1) to the holders of shares of stock ranking junior
(either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock unless, prior thereto, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall
have received $100 per share, plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions thereon, whether or not declared, to the date of such payment, provided that the holders of shares
of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive an aggregate 

amount per share, subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, equal to 100 times the aggregate amount to be distributed per share to holders of shares of Common Stock, or
(2) to the holders of shares of stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Preferred Stock, except distributions
made ratably on the Series A Preferred Stock and all such parity stock in proportion to the total amounts to which the holders of all such shares are entitled upon such liquidation, dissolution
or winding up. 

    (b) Neither
the consolidation, merger or other business combination of the Corporation with or into any other corporation nor the sale, lease, exchange or conveyance of
all or any part of the property, assets or business of the Corporation shall be deemed to be a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation for purposes of this Section 6. 

    (c) In
the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision,
combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of
shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the aggregate amount to which holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event under the proviso in
clause (1) of paragraph (a) of this Section 6 shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding
immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event. 

    SECTION
7.  CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, ETC.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, in
case the Corporation shall enter into any consolidation, merger, combination or other transaction in which the shares of Common Stock are exchanged for or changed into other stock or securities, cash
and/or any other property, then in any such case each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall at the same time be similarly exchanged or changed into an amount per share, subject to the
provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, equal to 100 times the aggregate amount of stock, securities, cash and/or any other property (payable in kind), as the case may be, into which or for
which each share of Common Stock is changed or exchanged. In the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a
subdivision, combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser
number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the amount set forth in the preceding sentence with respect to the exchange or change of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be
adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of
shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event. 

    SECTION
8.  NO REDEMPTION.  The shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be redeemable. 

    SECTION
9.  RANK.  The Series A Preferred Stock shall rank, with respect to the payment of
dividends and the distribution of assets, junior to all series of any other class of the Preferred Stock issued either before or after the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock, unless the
terms of any such series shall provide otherwise. 

    SECTION
10.  AMENDMENT.  The Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of the Corporation shall
not be amended in any manner which would materially alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights of the Series A Preferred Stock so as to affect them adversely without the
affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class. 

    SECTION
11.  FRACTIONAL SHARES.  Series A Preferred Stock may be issued in fractions of a share
which are integral multiples of one-hundredth of a share which shall entitle the holder, in proportion to such holder's fractional shares, to exercise voting rights, receive dividends,
participate in distributions and have the benefit of all other rights of holders of Series A Preferred Stock. 

 
 

ARTICLE V    
  

INDEMNIFICATION  

    The Corporation shall indemnify its present and former directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted by the General Corporation Law as from time to
time amended. The indemnification provided for herein shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any by-law, agreement,
vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. 

 
 

ARTICLE VI    
  

EXISTENCE  

    The Corporation is to have perpetual existence. 

 
 

ARTICLE VII    
  

BY-LAWS  

    In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal the
By-Laws of the Corporation. 

 
 

ARTICLE VIII    
  

STOCKHOLDER MEETINGS AND BOOKS  

    Meetings of stockholders may be held within or without the State of Delaware, as the By-Laws may provide. The books of the Corporation may be kept
(subject to any provisions contained in the statutes) outside the State of Delaware at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or in the
By-Laws of the Corporation. 

 
 

ARTICLE IX    
  

AMENDMENT  

    The Corporation reserves the right to end, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, in the
manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, and all rights conferred upon stockholders herein are granted subject to this reservation. 

 
 

ARTICLE X    
  

LIMITATION ON DIRECTOR LIABILITY  

    No director of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except
for liability (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional
misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation law, or (iv) for any transaction in which the director derived an improper
personal benefit. 

    Any
repeal or modification of the foregoing paragraph by the stockholders of the Corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation
existing at the time of such repeal or modification. 

 
 

ARTICLE XI    
  

MEETINGS REQUIRED  

    Any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders
of the Corporation and may not be effected by any consent in writing by such stockholders. 

 
 

ARTICLE XII    
  

CERTAIN STOCKHOLDER ACTION  

    The following actions shall require the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the stock of this Corporation outstanding and entitled to vote thereon:
the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of this Corporation's property and assets; the merger or consolidation of this Corporation with or into any other corporation or entity; the
dissolution of this Corporation; and the amendment or repeal of this Article XII or the adoption of any provision inconsistent with this Article XII. 

    This
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation supersedes and takes the place of the heretofore existing Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of this Corporation and all
amendments, certificates and supplements there 

QuickLinks

ARTICLE I

ARTICLE II

ARTICLE III

ARTICLE IV

ARTICLE V

ARTICLE VI

ARTICLE VII

ARTICLE VIII

ARTICLE IX

ARTICLE X

ARTICLE XI

ARTICLE XII

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