Document:

Exhibit
4.1

 

SHEPHERD’S
FINANCE, LLC

 

FIXED
RATE SUBORDINATED NOTES

 

 

 

INDENTURE

 

DATED
AS OF __________, 2022

 

 

 

U.S.
Bank Trust Company, National Association

 

AS

 

TRUSTEE

 

    	 

     

    

 

CROSS-REFERENCE
TABLE

 

	Trust
    Indenture	 	Indenture
	   Act
    Section	 	Section
	 	 	 
	310	(a)(1)
    	 	7.10
	 	(a)(2)    	 	7.10
	 	(a)(3)
    	 	N.A.
	 	(a)(4)
    	 	N.A.
	 	(b)
    	 	7.8;
    7.10; 11.2
	 	(c)
    	 	N.A.
	311	(a)
    	 	7.11
	 	(b)
    	 	7.11
	 	(c)
    	 	N.A.
	312	(a)
    	 	2.6
	 	(b)
    	 	11.3
	 	(c)
    	 	11.3
	313	(a)	 	7.6
	 	(b)(1)
    	 	N.A.
	 	(b)(2)
    	 	7.6
	 	(c)
    	 	11.2
	 	(d)
    	 	7.6
	314	(a)
    	 	4.2;
    11.2
	 	(b)
    	 	N.A.
	 	(c)(1)
    	 	11.4
	 	(c)(2)
    	 	11.4
	 	(c)(3)
    	 	N.A.
	 	(d)
    	 	N.A.
	 	(e)
    	 	11.5
	 	(f)
    	 	4.3
	315	(a)
    	 	7.1(b)
	 	(b)
    	 	7.5;
    11.2
	 	(c)
    	 	7.1(a)
	 	(d)
    	 	7.1(c)
	 	(e)
    	 	6.11
	316	(a)(last
    sentence) 	 	2.10
	 	(a)(1)(A)
    	 	6.5
	 	(a)(1)(B)
    	 	6.4
	 	(a)(2)
    	 	N.A.
	 	(b)
    	 	6.7
	317	(a)(1)
    	 	6.8
	 	(a)(2)
    	 	6.9
	 	(b)
    	 	2.5
	318	(a)
    	 	11.1

 

N.A.
means not applicable.

 

*
This Cross-Reference Table is not part of the Indenture.

 

    	i

     

    

 

TABLE
OF CONTENTS

 

	ARTICLE
    1 DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE	1
	 	 
	Section
    1.1. Definitions.	1
	 	 
	Section
    1.2. Other Definitions.	2
	 	 
	Section
    1.3. Incorporation by Reference of TIA.	3
	 	 
	Section
    1.4. Rules of Construction.	3
	 	 
	ARTICLE
    2 THE NOTES	4
	 	 
	Section
    2.1. Form and Dating.	4
	 	 
	Section
    2.2. Terms.	4
	 	 
	Section
    2.3. Execution.	4
	 	 
	Section
    2.4. Registrar and Paying Agent.	5
	 	 
	Section
    2.5. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.	5
	 	 
	Section
    2.6. Certificateholder Lists.	5
	 	 
	Section
    2.7. Transfer and Exchange.	5
	 	 
	Section
    2.8. Replacement Notes.	6
	 	 
	Section
    2.9. Outstanding Notes.	6
	 	 
	Section
    2.10. Treasury Notes.	6
	 	 
	Section
    2.11. Cancellation.	7
	 	 
	ARTICLE
    3 REDEMPTION	7
	 	 
	Section
    3.1. Applicability of Article.	7
	 	 
	Section
    3.2. Notices to Trustee.	7
	 	 
	Section
    3.3. Selection of Notes to be Redeemed.	7
	 	 
	Section
    3.4. Notice of Redemption.	7
	 	 
	Section
    3.5. Effect of Notice of Redemption.	8

 

    	ii

     

    

 

	Section
    3.6. Deposit of Redemption Price.	8
	 	 
	Section
    3.7. Notes Redeemed in Part.	8
	 	 
	Section
    3.8. Redemption Option Upon Death of Holder.	8
	 	 
	Section
    3.9. Redemption Option at Request of Holder.	9
	 	 
	ARTICLE
    4 COVENANTS	10
	 	 
	Section
    4.1. Payment of Notes.	10
	 	 
	Section
    4.2. SEC Reports.	10
	 	 
	Section
    4.3. Compliance Certificate.	11
	 	 
	Section
    4.4. Usury Laws.	11
	 	 
	Section
    4.5. Money for Note Payments to be Held in Trust.	11
	 	 
	Section
    4.6. Continued Existence.	12
	 	 
	ARTICLE
    5 SUCCESSORS	12
	 	 
	ARTICLE
    6 DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES	13
	 	 
	Section
    6.1. Events of Default.	13
	 	 
	Section
    6.2. Acceleration.	14
	 	 
	Section
    6.3. Other Remedies.	14
	 	 
	Section
    6.4. Waiver of Past Defaults.	14
	 	 
	Section
    6.5. Control by Majority.	15
	 	 
	Section
    6.6. Limitation on Suits.	15
	 	 
	Section
    6.7. Rights of Holders to Receive Payment.	15
	 	 
	Section
    6.8. Collection Suit by Trustee.	15
	 	 
	Section
    6.9. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.	16
	 	 
	Section
    6.10. Priorities.	16
	 	 
	Section
    6.11. Undertaking for Costs.	17

 

    	iii

     

    

 

	ARTICLE
    7 TRUSTEE	17
	 	 
	Section
    7.1. Duties of Trustee.	17
	 	 
	Section
    7.2. Rights of Trustee.	18
	 	 
	Section
    7.3. Individual Rights of Trustee.	19
	 	 
	Section
    7.4. Trustee’s Disclaimer.	19
	 	 
	Section
    7.5. Notice of Defaults.	19
	 	 
	Section
    7.6. Reports by Trustee to Holders.	19
	 	 
	Section
    7.7. Compensation and Indemnity.	20
	 	 
	Section
    7.8. Replacement of Trustee.	20
	 	 
	Section
    7.9. Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc.	21
	 	 
	Section
    7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification.	22
	 	 
	Section
    7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.	22
	 	 
	ARTICLE
    8 DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE; DEFEASANCE	22
	 	 
	Section
    8.1. Termination of Company’s Obligations.	22
	 	 
	Section
    8.2. Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance.	23
	 	 
	Section
    8.3. Conditions to Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.	24
	 	 
	Section
    8.4. Application of Trust Money.	25
	 	 
	Section
    8.5. Repayment to the Company.	25
	 	 
	ARTICLE
    9 AMENDMENTS	25
	 	 
	Section
    9.1. Without Consent of Holders.	25
	 	 
	Section
    9.2. With Consent of Holders.	26
	 	 
	Section
    9.3. Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.	27
	 	 
	Section
    9.4. Revocation and Effect of Consents.	27
	 	 
	Section
    9.5. Notation on or Exchange of Notes.	27
	 	 
	Section
    9.6. Trustee Protected.	27

 

    	iv

     

    

 

	ARTICLE
    10 SUBORDINATION	27
	 	 
	Section
    10.1. Agreement to Subordinate.	27
	 	 
	Section
    10.2. Certain Definitions.	27
	 	 
	Section
    10.3. Liquidation; Dissolution; Bankruptcy.	28
	 	 
	Section
    10.4. Default on Senior Debt.	28
	 	 
	Section
    10.5. Acceleration of Notes.	29
	 	 
	Section
    10.6. When Distribution Must Be Paid Over.	29
	 	 
	Section
    10.7. Notice by Company.	30
	 	 
	Section
    10.8. Subrogation.	30
	 	 
	Section
    10.9. Relative Rights.	30
	 	 
	Section
    10.10. Subordination may not be Impaired by Company.	30
	 	 
	Section
    10.11. Distribution or Notice to Representative.	30
	 	 
	Section
    10.12. Rights of Trustee and Paying Agent.	31
	 	 
	Section
    10.13. Trust Moneys Not Subordinated.	31
	 	 
	Section
    10.14. Trustee Not Fiduciary for Holders of Senior Debt.	31
	 	 
	ARTICLE
    11 MISCELLANEOUS	31
	 	 
	Section
    11.1. TIA Controls.	31
	 	 
	Section
    11.2. Notices.	31
	 	 
	Section
    11.3. Communication by Holders With Other Holders.	32
	 	 
	Section
    11.4. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.	32
	 	 
	Section
    11.5. Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.	32
	 	 
	Section
    11.6. Rules by Trustee and Agents.	33
	 	 
	Section
    11.7. Legal Holidays.	33
	 	 
	Section
    11.8. No Recourse Against Others.	33
	 	 
	Section
    11.9. Duplicate Originals.	33

 

    	v

     

    

 

	Section
    11.10. Variable Provisions.	33
	 	 
	Section
    11.11. Governing Law.	34
	 	 
	Section
    11.12. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.	34
	 	 
	Section
    11.13. Successors.	34
	 	 
	Section
    11.14. Severability.	34

 

    	vi

     

    

 

INDENTURE
dated as of ___________, 2022, between Shepherd’s Finance, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Company”), and
U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, a national banking association (“Trustee”).

 

Each
party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Company’s
Fixed Rate Subordinated Notes:

 

ARTICLE
1

 

DEFINITIONS
AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

 

Section
1.1. Definitions.

 

“Affiliate”
means any person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company.

 

“Agent”
means any Registrar, Paying Agent, or co-registrar.

 

“Board
of Managers” means the Board of Managers of the Company or any authorized committee of the Board of Managers.

 

“Company”
means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor or any other obligor with respect
to the Notes.

 

“Company
Order” means an order signed in the name of the Company by its Chief Executive Officer, President, a Vice President, its Treasurer,
or Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee.

 

“Corporate
Trust Office” shall be at the address of the Trustee specified in Section 12.02 or such other address as to which the Trustee
may give notice to the Company.

 

“Date
of Issue” means the date that the Company receives proper documentation and the funds for the purchase of a Note if such funds
are received prior to 3:00 p.m. on a business day or the next business day if the Company receives such funds on a non-business day or
on or after 3:00 p.m. on a business day. For this purpose, the Company’s business days will be deemed to be Monday through Friday,
except on Florida legal holidays.

 

“Default”
means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time would be, an Event of Default.

 

“Holder”
or “Certificateholder” means a Person in whose name a Note is registered on the Registrar’s books.

 

“Indenture”
means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time.

 

“Material
Subsidiary” means any majority-owned subsidiary of the Company that is material to the business of the Company, taken as a
whole.

 

    	1

     

    

 

“Notes”
means the Fixed Rate Subordinated Notes described herein issued under this Indenture.

 

“Officer”
means the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company.

 

“Officer’s
Certificate” means a certificate signed by an Officer.

 

“Opinion
of Counsel” means a written opinion from legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of
or counsel to the Company or the Trustee.

 

“Person”
means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization,
or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

 

“Principal”
of a debt security means the principal of the security plus the premium, if any, on the security.

 

“Responsible
Officer” means, with respect to the Trustee, any officer of the Trustee assigned to the Corporate Trust Department (or any
successor division or unit) of the Trustee located at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, who shall have direct responsibility
for the administration of this Indenture, and for the purposes of Section 7.1 and Section 7.5 shall also include any other officer of
the Trustee’s to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of such officer’s knowledge of and familiarity with
the particular subject and who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.

 

“SEC”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Stated
Maturity” means, when used with respect to a Note, the date specified in such Note as the fixed date on which the principal
of such Note and any accrued but unpaid interest is due and payable.

 

“Subsidiary”
means any person of which at least a majority of capital stock having ordinary voting power for the election of directors or other governing
body of such person is owned by the Company directly or through one or more subsidiaries.

 

“TIA”
means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code 77aaa-77bbbb), as the same may be amended from time to time.

 

“Trustee”
means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.

 

Section
1.2. Other Definitions.

 

	Term	 	Defined
                                            in

    Section

	 	 	 
	“Bankruptcy
    Law”	 	6.1
	“Covenant
                                            Defeasance”

    “Custodian”
	 	8.2(c)

    6.1

	“Debt”	 	10.2
	“Event
    of Default”	 	6.1
	“Interest
                                            Payment Date”

    “Legal
    Defeasance”

    “Legal
    Holiday”
	 	2.2(b)

    8.2(b)

    11.7

	“Officer”	 	11.10
	“Paying
                                            Agent”

    “Registrar”

    “Representative”
	 	2.4

    2.4

    10.2

	“Senior
    Debt”	 	10.2
	“U.S.
    Government Obligations”	 	8.1

 

    	2

     

    

 

Section
1.3. Incorporation by Reference of TIA.

 

Whenever
this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture.

 

The
following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:

 

“Indenture
Securities” means the Notes;

 

“Indenture
Security Holder” means a Certificateholder;

 

“Indenture
to be Qualified” means this Indenture;

 

“Indenture
Trustee” or “Institutional Trustee” means the Trustee; and

 

“Obligor”
on the Notes means the Company.

 

All
other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute, or defined by SEC rule under
the TIA have the meanings assigned to them.

 

Section
1.4. Rules of Construction.

 

Unless
the context otherwise requires:

 

		(a)	a
                                            term has the meaning assigned to it;

 

		(b)	an
                                            accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with United
                                            States generally accepted accounting principles in effect on the date of execution of this
                                            Indenture;

 

		(c)	“or”
                                            is not exclusive;

 

		(d)	words
                                            in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and

 

		(e)	provisions
                                            apply to successive events and transactions.

 

    	3

     

    

 

ARTICLE
2

 

THE
NOTES

 

Section
2.1. Form and Dating.

 

The
Notes shall be substantially in the form of EXHIBIT A, with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions, and other variations
required or permitted by this Indenture. The Notes may have notations, legends, or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule,
or usage, and may be issued in uncertificated or certificated form. If issued in uncertificated form, the Company shall deliver a written
or electronic confirmation of the terms of a Note to the Certificateholder thereof.

 

Section
2.2. Terms.

 

(a)
Amount Unlimited; Terms. The aggregate principal amount of Notes which may be delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. Notes
may be issued in one or more series. The initial aggregate principal amount of the Notes to be delivered under this Indenture shall be
$70,000,000. The aggregate principal amount may be increased, without the need for approval of any Holders or the Trustee by means of
Company Order, as set forth in Section 9.1.

 

(b)
Interest. Interest will be calculated based on the actual number of days the Note is outstanding based on a 365/366 day year.
Interest will be earned daily and payable monthly or at maturity at the Holder’s request. If the Holder elects to receive interest
at maturity rather than monthly, interest will be compounded monthly. If any payment of the Note is due on a Legal Holiday, then the
Holder will not be entitled to payment of the amount due until the following day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest will be
due as a result of such delay. If the Holder elects to receive interest monthly, interest will be paid on the first business day (not
a Legal Holiday) of every month (each an “Interest Payment Date”). The first Interest Payment Date will be the month
following the month of the Date of Issue, except that if a Note is issued within the last 10 days preceding an Interest Payment Date,
the first interest payment will be made on the next succeeding Interest Payment Date. No payments of interest under fifty dollars will
be made, with any interest payment under fifty dollars accruing and earning interest on a monthly compounding basis until the payment
due is at least fifty dollars on an Interest Payment Date.

 

(c)
Subordination. The Notes shall be subordinated and junior in right of payment to all Senior Debt of the Company as provided in
Article 10.

 

Section
2.3. Execution.

 

If
the Company, pursuant to Section 9.1, provides for certificated Notes, one Officer shall sign the Notes for the Company by manual or
facsimile signature.

 

If
an Officer whose signature is on a Note no longer holds that office at the time the Note is delivered, the Note shall nevertheless be
valid.

 

    	4

     

    

 

Section
2.4. Registrar and Paying Agent.

 

The
Company shall maintain an office or agency where Certificateholders may request registration of transfer or exchange of Notes (“Registrar”)
and an office or agency where Certificateholders may demand payment of Notes (“Paying Agent”). The Registrar shall
keep a register of the Notes and of their transfer and exchange. The Company may appoint one or more co-registrars and one or more additional
paying agents. The Company may change any Paying Agent, Registrar, or co-registrar without notice to any Certificateholder. The term
“Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent. The Company shall notify the Trustee of the name and address
of any agent not a party to this Indenture. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may act as Paying Agent or Registrar. The Company
initially appoints itself as Paying Agent and Registrar.

 

Section
2.5. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.

 

The
Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust for the benefit
of Certificateholders or the Trustee all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal or interest on the Notes, and will
notify the Trustee of any failure by the Company in making any such payment. While any such failure continues, the Trustee may require
a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by
it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company acts
as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate bank account for the benefit of the Certificateholders all money held by it
as Paying Agent. The Paying Agent may charge for its expenses in issuing a replacement interest check.

 

Section
2.6. Certificateholder Lists.

 

The
Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses
of Certificateholders. If the Trustee is not the Registrar, then the Company shall timely furnish to the Trustee the changes in this
list and will furnish an updated list of the names and addresses of Certificateholders in such form and as of such date and at such other
times as the Trustee may request in writing.

 

Section
2.7. Transfer and Exchange.

 

Upon
a request to the Registrar or a co-registrar to register, transfer or to exchange Notes for an equal principal amount of Notes, the Registrar
shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfer
and exchanges, the Company shall issue Notes at the Registrar’s request. The Company may charge for its expenses in transferring
or exchanging a Note.

 

The
Company shall not be required (i) to issue, transfer, or exchange any Note during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days
before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of Notes selected for redemption pursuant to Section 3.3 and ending at the close
of business on the date of such redemption, or (ii) to transfer or exchange any Note selected for redemption in whole or in part.

 

    	5

     

    

 

Each
Holder of a Note agrees to indemnify the Company and the Trustee against any liability that may result from the transfer, exchange, or
assignment of such Holder’s Note in violation of any provision of this Indenture and/or applicable United States Federal or state
securities law.

 

To
the extent that the Trustee elects to or somehow is deemed to be acting as the Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee shall have no obligation
or duty to monitor, determine, or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or under applicable
law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Note other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation
or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine
the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof.

 

Neither
the Trustee nor any agent of the Trustee shall have any responsibility for any actions taken or not taken by the Registrar.

 

Section
2.8. Replacement Notes.

 

If
the Company, pursuant to Section 9.1, provides for certificated Notes, and if the Holder of a Note claims that the Note has been lost,
destroyed, or wrongfully taken, then the Company shall issue a replacement Note if the Trustee’s requirements are met. If required
by the Trustee or the Company, an indemnity bond must be sufficient in the judgment of both the Company and the Trustee to protect the
Company, the Trustee, or any Agent from any loss which any of them may suffer if a Note is replaced. The Company may charge for its expenses
in replacing a Note.

 

Every
replacement Note is an additional obligation of the Company and shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with all other Notes duly issued hereunder.

 

Section
2.9. Outstanding Notes.

 

The
Notes outstanding at any time are all of the Notes delivered by the Company pursuant to this Indenture except for those canceled by it,
those delivered to it for cancellation, and those described in this Section as not outstanding.

 

If
a Note is replaced pursuant to Section 2.8, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the
replaced Note is held by a bona fide purchaser.

 

If
Notes are considered paid under Section 4.1, they cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.

 

Section
2.10. Treasury Notes.

 

In
determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of the Notes have concurred in any direction, waiver, or consent, Notes
owned by the Company or an Affiliate shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected
in relying on any such direction, waiver, or consent, only Notes which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows are so owned
shall be so disregarded.

 

    	6

     

    

 

Section
2.11. Cancellation.

 

The
Company at any time may request that the Registrar cancel any Note. The Registrar shall cancel all Notes surrendered for registration
of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement, or cancellation and shall destroy canceled Notes (subject to any applicable record retention
requirements). The Company may not issue new Notes to replace Notes that it has paid or that have been delivered to the Registrar for
cancellation.

 

ARTICLE
3

 

REDEMPTION

 

Section
3.1. Applicability of Article.

 

Redemption
of Notes at the election of the Company, as permitted or required by any provision of this Indenture, shall be made in accordance with
such provision and this Article.

 

Section
3.2. Notices to Trustee.

 

If
the Company wants to redeem the Notes pursuant to paragraph 2 of the Notes, it shall notify the Trustee by Officer’s Certificate
of the redemption date and the principal amount of Notes to be redeemed. The Company shall give each notice provided for in this Section
at least fifty (50) days before the redemption date (unless a shorter notice period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee).

 

Section
3.3. Selection of Notes to be Redeemed.

 

If
fewer than all the Notes are to be redeemed, the Company shall select the Notes to be redeemed, and so inform the Trustee by Officer’s
Certificate, subject to the remainder of this Section. If less than all of a grouping of Notes, as specified by Officer’s Certificate,
are to be redeemed, the portion thereof selected for redemption shall be determined ratably or by lot. If fewer than all of such grouping
of Notes as specified by Officer’s Certificate are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall then make the selection not more than fifty
(50) days before the redemption date from Notes outstanding not previously called for redemption. Provisions of this Indenture that apply
to Notes called for redemption also apply to portions of Notes called for redemption.

 

Section
3.4. Notice of Redemption.

 

At
least thirty (30) days but not more than sixty (60) days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail a notice of redemption by first-class
mail to each Holder of Notes whose Notes are to be redeemed.

 

    	7

     

    

 

The
notice shall identify the Notes to be redeemed and shall state:

 

		(a)	the
                                            redemption date;

 

		(b)	the
                                            redemption price, which shall be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Note, plus
                                            accrued interest on a daily basis to the redemption date;

 

		(c)	the
                                            name and address of the Paying Agent;

 

		(d)	that
                                            certificated Notes called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect
                                            the redemption price; and

 

		(e)	that
                                            interest on Notes called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date.

 

At
the Company’s request, the Trustee, if it is then the Registrar, shall give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name
and at its expense; provided, however, that the Company shall have provided to the Trustee, at least 45 days prior to the Redemption
Date (unless a shorter notice period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the information required by clauses (a) through (e) above.

 

Section
3.5. Effect of Notice of Redemption.

 

Once
notice of redemption is mailed, Notes called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date at the redemption price.

 

Section
3.6. Deposit of Redemption Price.

 

On
or before the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent, or if the Company is acting as Paying Agent it shall
deposit into a separate bank account pursuant to Section 2.5 hereof, money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest
on all Notes to be redeemed on that date.

 

Section
3.7. Notes Redeemed in Part.

 

Upon
redemption of a certificated Note in part, the Company shall issue for the Holder a new Note equal in principal amount to the unredeemed
portion of the partially-redeemed Note.

 

Section
3.8. Redemption Option Upon Death of Holder.

 

(a)
Subject to the provisions of Article 10 and this Article 3, upon the death of any Holder of one or more Notes, the Company shall be required
to redeem Notes held by a Holder of such Notes at the date of such Holder’s death, as requested in the manner, and subject to the
limitations, set forth below. The redemption price shall be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Note plus accrued interest on
a daily basis to the redemption date. Redemption of such Notes shall be made as soon as reasonably possible, based on the Company’s
then current cash position and needs, but generally within two weeks following the receipt by the Company or the Trustee of all of the
following:

 

		(1)	a
                                            written request for redemption of the Notes signed by a duly authorized representative of
                                            the Holder, which request shall set forth the name of the Holder, the date of death of the
                                            Holder and the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed;

 

    	8

     

    

 

		(2)	the
                                            Notes to be redeemed (if certificated); and

 

		(3)	evidence
                                            satisfactory to the Company of the death of such Holder and the authority of the representative
                                            to such extent as may be required by the Company.

 

(b)
The Notes held by the Holder shall not be entitled to redemption pursuant to this Section unless the Notes to be redeemed have been registered
in the Holder’s name since their Date of Issue.

 

(c)
Authorized representatives of a Holder shall include the following: executors, administrators, or other legal representatives of an estate;
trustees of a trust; joint owners of Notes owned in joint tenancy or tenancy by the entirety; attorneys-in-fact; and other persons generally
recognized as having legal authority to act on behalf of another.

 

Section
3.9. Redemption Option at Request of Holder.

 

(a)
Beginning 180 days after the issuance date, at the written request of the Holder delivered to the Company at any time, the Company may,
at its option and subject to the restrictions in Article 10 below, but shall not be required to, redeem the Note for a redemption price
equal to the principal amount plus an amount equal to the unpaid interest thereon for the Note, as adjusted, at the stated rate to the
redemption date minus an amount equal to the interest that would be payable thereon at the rate stated above over the last 180 days immediately
prior to the redemption date.

 

(b)
Notwithstanding the foregoing Section 3.9(a), subject to the restrictions in Article 10 below, at the written request of a Holder of
a Note that (i) on the Date of Issue had a duration of 36 months, and (ii) had a Date of Issue of February 4, 2020 or after, such Holder
may require the Company to redeem all or a portion of such Note for a redemption price equal to the principal amount plus an amount equal
to the unpaid interest thereon for such Note, at the stated rate to the redemption date, as follows:

 

		(1)	The
                                            Company shall redeem up to $10,000 of such Note within 7 days of the redemption request;

 

		(2)	The
                                            Company shall redeem up to an additional $90,000 of such Note within 30 days of the redemption
                                            request;

 

		(3)	The
                                            Company shall redeem any remaining amount of such Note requested to be redeemed within 90
                                            days of the redemption request; and

 

		(4)	The
                                            Company shall redeem all or a portion of such Note if requested by the Holder, regardless
                                            of amount, within 1 business day but only if the Holder immediately upon redemption invests
                                            the entirety of the proceeds from such redemption in another security then-offered by the
                                            Company; provided, however, a Holder may only reinvest in another Note with a duration that
                                            is equal to or greater than the period remaining until the maturity date of the Note to be
                                            redeemed.

 

    	9

     

    

 

For
purposes of determining the length of time within which the Company must redeem all or a portion of a Note under this Section 3.9(b),
the dollar amount of a given redemption request will be added to any amount or amounts of such Note previously requested to be redeemed
that were redeemed by the Company.

 

(c)
Notwithstanding the foregoing Section 3.9(a), subject to the restrictions in Article 10 below, at the written request of a Holder of
a Note, such Holder may require the Company to redeem all or a portion of such Note for a redemption price equal to the principal amount
plus an amount equal to the unpaid interest thereon for such Note, at the stated rate to the redemption date within 1 business day, but
only if the Holder immediately upon redemption invests the entirety of the proceeds from such redemption in another Note or another security
then-offered by the Company, if any; provided, however, (1) a Holder may only reinvest in another Note with a duration that is equal
to or greater than the period remaining until the maturity date of the Note to be redeemed and (2) a Holder may only reinvest in a Note
with a duration of 36 months if the Note to be redeemed had a duration of 36 months on the Date of Issue.

 

ARTICLE
4

 

COVENANTS

 

Section
4.1. Payment of Notes.

 

The
Company shall pay or cause to be paid the principal of and interest on the Notes on the dates and in the manner provided in the Notes.
Principal and interest shall be considered paid on the date due if the Paying Agent, if other than the Company or a Subsidiary, holds
as of 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time on the due date money deposited by the Company in immediately available funds and designated for and sufficient
to pay all principal and interest then due.

 

Section
4.2. SEC Reports.

 

The
Company shall file with the Trustee within fifteen (15) days after it files them with the SEC copies of the annual reports and quarterly
reports and of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules
and regulations prescribe) for the Notes which the Company may be required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The Company also shall comply with the other
provisions of TIA Section 314(a).

 

    	10

     

    

 

Whether
or not the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, to the extent not prohibited
by the Exchange Act, the Company will make available to the Holders of the Notes without cost to any Holder, the information, documents,
and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) that are specified
in Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act within the time periods specified therein.

 

The
Company shall be deemed to have furnished such reports to the Holders of the Notes if it has filed such reports with the SEC using the
EDGAR filing system or placed such reports on the Company’s website and made them publicly available.

 

Section
4.3. Compliance Certificate.

 

(a)
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within one hundred twenty (120) days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an Officer’s
Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made
under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled
its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his
or her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not
in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default
shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which he or she may have knowledge) and that to the best of
his or her knowledge no event has occurred and remains in existence by reason of which payments on account of the principal of or interest,
if any, on the Notes are prohibited.

 

(b)
The foregoing notwithstanding, the Company shall, so long as any of the Notes are outstanding, promptly, and in any event within 30 days,
deliver to the Trustee, forthwith upon any Officer becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officer’s Certificate
specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.

 

Section
4.4. Usury Laws.

 

The
Company will not voluntarily claim and will actively resist any attempts to claim the benefit of any usury laws against the Holders of
the Notes.

 

Section
4.5. Money for Note Payments to be Held in Trust.

 

Whenever
the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents, it will, on or prior to each date for the payment of the principal of or interest on
the Notes, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal and interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust
for the benefit of the persons entitled to such payments; and, unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee, the Company will promptly notify
the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

 

The
Company will cause each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying
Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will:

 

		(a)	hold
                                            all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of and interest on the Notes in trust
                                            for the benefit of the persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such persons
                                            or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

 

    	11

     

    

 

		(b)	give
                                            the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Notes) in
                                            the making of any payment of principal and interest; and

 

		(c)	at
                                            any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the written request of the Trustee,
                                            forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

 

Subject
to Article 8, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, the Company may
at any time pay, or direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums
to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon
such payment by the Company or any Paying Agent to the Trustee, the Company or such Paying Agent, as the case may be, shall be released
from all further liability with respect to such money.

 

Section
4.6. Continued Existence.

 

Subject
to Article 5, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect (i) its existence
as a limited liability company, and the corporate, partnership, or other existence of each of its Material Subsidiaries, in accordance
with the respective organizational documents (as the same may be amended from time to time) of the Company or any such Material Subsidiary
and (ii) the rights (charter and statutory), licenses, and franchises of the Company and its Material Subsidiaries; provided, however,
that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right, license, or franchise, or the corporate, partnership, or other existence
of any of its Material Subsidiaries, if the Board of Managers of the Company shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer
desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Material Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and that the loss thereof is
not adverse in any material respect to the Holders.

 

ARTICLE
5

 

SUCCESSORS

 

The
Company shall not consolidate or merge with or into, or transfer or lease all or substantially all of its assets to, any Person unless
the corporation formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company), or to which such sale or conveyance
shall have been made, assumes by supplemental indenture all the obligations of the Company under the Notes then outstanding and this
Indenture.

 

The
Company shall deliver to the Trustee prior to the proposed transaction an Officer’s Certificate to the foregoing effect and an
Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and such supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.

 

The
surviving corporation shall be the successor Company, but the predecessor Company in the case of a transfer or lease shall not be released
from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest on the Notes.

 

    	12

     

    

 

ARTICLE
6

 

DEFAULTS
AND REMEDIES

 

Section
6.1. Events of Default.

 

An
“Event Of Default” occurs if:

 

		(a)	the
                                            Company defaults in the payment of interest of any Note when the same becomes due and payable
                                            and the Default continues for a period of thirty (30) days;

 

		(b)	the
                                            Company defaults in the payment of the principal on any Note when the same becomes due and
                                            payable at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise, and the Default continues for a period
                                            of thirty (30) days;

 

		(c)	the
                                            Company fails to comply with any of its other agreements or covenants in, or provisions of,
                                            the Notes or this Indenture and the Default continues for the period and after the notice
                                            specified below;

 

		(d)	the
                                            Company or any material subsidiary pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law
                                            now or hereafter in effect:

 

		(1)	commences
                                            a voluntary proceeding under any such Bankruptcy Law;

 

		(2)	consents
                                            to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary Bankruptcy proceeding;

 

		(3)	consents
                                            to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property;

 

		(4)	makes
                                            a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or

 

		(5)	generally
                                            is unable to pay its debts as the same become due;

 

		(e)	a
                                            court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:

 

		(1)	is
                                            for relief against the Company or any material subsidiary in an involuntary Bankruptcy proceeding;

 

		(2)	appoints
                                            a Custodian of the Company or any material subsidiary or for all or substantially all of
                                            its property; or

 

		(3)	orders
                                            the winding up or liquidation of the Company or any material subsidiary, and the order or
                                            decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 days.

 

    	13

     

    

 

The
term “Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11 of the United States Code or any similar Federal or State Law for the relief
of debtors. The term “Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, sequestrator, or similar official
under any Bankruptcy Law.

 

A
Default under clause (c) is not an Event of Default until the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then
outstanding Notes notify the Company of the Default and the Company does not cure the Default within sixty (60) days after receipt of
the notice. The notice must specify the Default, demand that it be remedied and state that the notice is a “Notice of Default.”

 

Section
6.2. Acceleration.

 

If
an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee by notice to the Company, or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount
of the then outstanding Notes, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare the principal of and accrued interest on all the
Notes to be due and payable. Upon such declaration the principal and interest owing on the then outstanding Notes shall be due and payable
immediately. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes, by notice to the Trustee, may rescind an acceleration
and its consequences if the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree and if all existing Events of Default have been
cured or waived, except nonpayment of principal or interest that has become due solely because of the acceleration.

 

Section
6.3. Other Remedies.

 

If
an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of principal and interest
on the Notes or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Notes or this Indenture.

 

The
Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Notes or does not produce any of them in the proceeding. A delay
or omission by the Trustee or any Holder of Notes in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair
the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default. All remedies are cumulative to the extent permitted
by law.

 

Section
6.4. Waiver of Past Defaults.

 

The
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes, by notice to the Trustee, may waive an existing Default or Event
of Default and its consequences except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of and interest on the
Notes.

 

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Section
6.5. Control by Majority.

 

The
Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may direct the time, method, and place of conducting
any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee. However, the Trustee
may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or this Indenture, is unduly prejudicial to the rights of other Holders of
the Notes, or would involve the Trustee in personal liability.

 

Section
6.6. Limitation on Suits.

 

The
Holder of Notes may pursue a remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Notes only if:

 

		(a)	the
                                            Holder gives to the Trustee notice of a continuing Event of Default;

 

		(b)	the
                                            Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes make a request
                                            to the Trustee to pursue the remedy;

 

		(c)	such
                                            Holder or Holders offer to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any
                                            loss, liability, or expense;

 

		(d)	the
                                            Trustee does not comply with the request within sixty (60) days after receipt of the request
                                            and the offer of indemnity; and

 

		(e)	during
                                            such sixty (60)-day period the Holders of a majority of principal amount of the then outstanding
                                            Notes do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.

 

No
Holder will have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb,
or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders (it being understood that the Trustee does not have an affirmative duty to ascertain
whether or not such actions or forbearances are unduly prejudicial to such Holders).

 

Section
6.7. Rights of Holders to Receive Payment.

 

Notwithstanding
any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Note to receive payment of principal and interest on the Note, on
or after the date demand is made for payment therefor, or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such demand
date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of the Holder.

 

Section
6.8. Collection Suit by Trustee.

 

If
an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(a) or Section 6.1(b) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may recover judgment in its own
name and as trustee of an express trust against the Company for the whole amount of principal and interest and fees remaining unpaid
on the Notes with respect to which the Event of Default occurred in each case at the rate per annum borne by the Notes and such amount
as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements,
and advances of the Trustee, its agents, and counsel.

 

    	15

     

    

 

Section
6.9. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.

 

The
Trustee is authorized to file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the
claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements, and advances of the Trustee, its
agents, and counsel) and the Holders allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Notes),
its creditors or its property and shall be entitled and empowered to collect, receive, and distribute any money or other property payable
or deliverable on any such claims and any custodian in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such
payments to the Trustee, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent in writing to the making of such payments directly to the Holders,
to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements, and advances of the Trustee, its
agents, and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7 hereof. To the extent that the payment of any such compensation,
expenses, disbursements, and advances of the Trustee, its agents, and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7
hereof out of the estate in any such proceeding, shall be denied for any reason, payment of the same shall be secured by a lien on, and
shall be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities, and other properties that the Holders may be entitled
to receive in such proceeding whether in liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise. Nothing herein
contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of
reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, or composition affecting the Notes or the rights of any Holder, or to authorize the Trustee
to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

 

Section
6.10. Priorities.

 

If
the Trustee collects any money pursuant to this Article, it shall pay out the money in the following order:

 

	 	First:	to
                                            the Trustee, its agents, and attorneys for amounts due under Section 7.7;

 

	 	Second:	to
                                            holders of Senior Debt to the extent required by Article 10;

 

	 	Third:	to
                                            Holders of Notes for amounts due and unpaid on the Notes for principal and interest, ratably,
                                            without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the
                                            Notes for principal and interest, respectively; and

 

	 	Fourth:	to
                                            the Company or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct.

 

The
Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to the Certificateholders pursuant to this Section 6.10, and such record
date shall be no later than the 15th day of the month preceding the payment date.

 

    	16

     

    

 

Section
6.11. Undertaking for Costs.

 

In
any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted
by it as a Trustee, a court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party
litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by the party litigant. This Section
does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder pursuant to Section 6.7, or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in principal
amount of the then outstanding Notes.

 

ARTICLE
7

 

TRUSTEE

 

Section
7.1. Duties of Trustee.

 

(a)
If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and power vested in it by this Indenture,
and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the
conduct of his or her own affairs.

 

(b)
Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:

 

		(1)	The
                                            Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture
                                            and no duties, covenants, responsibilities, or obligations shall be implied in this Indenture
                                            against the Trustee; and

 

		(2)	In
                                            the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth
                                            of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates
                                            or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture.
                                            However, the Trustee shall examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether or
                                            not they conform on their face to the requirements of this Indenture.

 

(c)
The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct,
except that:

 

		(1)	This
                                            paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section;

 

		(2)	The
                                            Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible
                                            Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent
                                            facts;

 

		(3)	The
                                            Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good
                                            faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 6.5; and

 

		(4)	The
                                            Trustee shall not be required to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur financial
                                            liability in the performance of any of its duties under this Indenture or in the exercise
                                            of any of its rights or powers, if it has reasonable grounds to believe repayment of the
                                            funds or adequate indemnity against the risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

 

    	17

     

    

 

(d)
Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Section and
to the provisions of the TIA.

 

(e)
The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any
loss, liability, or expense.

 

(f)
The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may expressly agree with the Company.
Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from the other funds except to the extent required by law.

 

(g)
The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction
of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Notes at the time outstanding given pursuant to Section 6.5 of
this Indenture, relating to the time, method, and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture.

 

Section
7.2. Rights of Trustee.

 

(a)
The Trustee may conclusively rely on any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person.
The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.

 

(b)
Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officer’s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee
shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance of the Officer’s Certificate or Opinion
of Counsel.

 

(c)
The Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care.

 

(d)
The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its
rights or powers.

 

(e)
In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for special, indirect, punitive, or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever
(including, but not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or
damage and regardless of the form of action.

 

(f)
The Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual
knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust
Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Notes and this Indenture.

 

    	18

     

    

 

(g)
The Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the performance of its powers and duties hereunder.

 

(h)
The Trustee may request that the Company deliver a certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized
at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture.

 

(i)
The Trustee will not be required to investigate any facts or matters stated in any document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may
make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit. If the Trustee shall determine to make such
further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records, and premises of the Company, personally or by agent
or attorney at the sole cost of the Company and shall incur no liability or additional liability of any kind by reason of such inquiry
or investigation.

 

Section
7.3. Individual Rights of Trustee.

 

Subject
to Section 7.1:

 

		(a)	The
                                            Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Notes
                                            and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate with the same rights it would have
                                            if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights.

 

		(b)	The
                                            Company shall notify the Trustee if the Notes become listed on any securities exchange or
                                            of any delisting thereof and the Trustee shall comply with Section 313(d) of the TIA.

 

Section
7.4. Trustee’s Disclaimer.

 

The
Trustee makes no representation at to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Notes, it shall not be accountable for the Company’s
use of the proceeds from the Notes, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Notes.

 

Section
7.5. Notice of Defaults.

 

If
a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if it is known to the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to Holders of the Notes
a notice of the Default or Event of Default within ninety (90) days after it occurs. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default
in payment on a Note, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as a committee of its Trust Officers in good faith determines
that withholding the notice is in the interests of Holders of the Notes.

 

Section
7.6. Reports by Trustee to Holders.

 

Within
60 days after the reporting date stated in Section 11.10, the Trustee shall mail to Certificateholders a brief report dated as of such
reporting date that complies with Section 313(a) of the TIA. The Trustee also shall comply with Section 313(b)(2) of the TIA.

 

A
copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Certificateholders shall be filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the
Notes are listed. The Company shall notify the Trustee when the Notes are listed on any stock exchange.

 

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Section
7.7. Compensation and Indemnity.

 

The
Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for its services. The Trustee’s compensation shall not
be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all
reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and out-of-pocket expenses
of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.

 

The
Company shall indemnify the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee and each of their respective officers, agents (including, for purposes
of illustration and not of limitation, any custodian and other Person employed to act hereunder by the Trustee), directors, and employees
for, and hold them harmless against any and all loss, damage, claims, liability, or expense incurred by it or them arising out of or
in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself
or themselves against any claim (whether asserted by the Company, or any Holder or any other Person) or liability in connection with
the exercise or performance of any of its or their powers or duties hereunder, or in connection with enforcing the provisions of this
Section, except as set forth in the next two paragraphs. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may
seek indemnity. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense.

 

The
Trustee may have separate counsel, and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company shall not
be required to pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.

 

The
Company shall not be required to reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee through gross
negligence, willful misconduct, or bad faith.

 

To
secure the Company’s payment of obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Notes on all money or property
held or collected by the Trustee, including that held in trust to pay principal and interest on the Notes.

 

When
the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) occurs, the expenses and
the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.

 

Section
7.8. Replacement of Trustee.

 

A
resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s
acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section.

 

    	20

     

    

 

The
Trustee may resign by so notifying the Company. The Trustee may be removed with respect to the Notes by the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the then outstanding Demand Notes by so notifying the Trustee and the Company. The Company may remove the Trustee
if:

 

		(a)	the
                                            Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10;

 

		(b)	the
                                            Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or any order for relief is entered with respect
                                            to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;

 

		(c)	a
                                            Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property;

 

		(d)	the
                                            Trustee becomes incapable of action; or

 

		(e)	in
                                            the judgment of the Company, comparable services are available from another entity qualifying
                                            under Section 7.10 at a materially lower cost to the Company.

 

If
the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of the Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint
a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, a successor Trustee may be appointed by act of the Holders
of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.

 

If
a successor Trustee does not take office within sixty (60) days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee,
the Company, or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may petition any court of competent jurisdiction
for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

 

If
the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10, any Holder of the Notes may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal
of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee.

 

A
successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Thereupon the resignation
or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers, and duties of
the Trustee under this Indenture. The successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to the Holders of Notes. The retiring Trustee
shall promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee, subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.7.

 

Section
7.9. Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc.

 

If
the Trustee consolidates, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to another corporation,
the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.

 

    	21

     

    

 

Section
7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification.

 

This
Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of Sections 310(a)(1), 310(a)(2), and 310(a)(5) of the TIA. The
Trustee shall always have a combined capital and surplus as stated in the TIA. The Trustee is subject to Section 310(b) of the TIA. Section
11.10 lists any excluded indenture or trust agreement.

 

Section
7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.

 

The
Trustee is subject to Section 311(a) of the TIA, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the TIA. A Trustee
who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the TIA to the extent indicated therein.

 

ARTICLE
8

 

DISCHARGE
OF INDENTURE; DEFEASANCE

 

Section
8.1. Termination of Company’s Obligations.

 

This
Indenture shall cease to be of further effect (except that the Company’s obligations under Sections 7.7 and 8.5 shall survive)
when all outstanding Notes theretofore issued have been identified to the Trustee for cancellation. In addition, the Company may terminate
its obligations under this Indenture if:

 

		(a)	the
                                            Notes then outstanding are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements
                                            satisfactory to the Trustee for giving the notice of redemption; and

 

		(b)	the
                                            Company irrevocably deposits with the Trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the Holders,
                                            money or U.S. Government Obligations, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be
                                            sufficient (without reinvestment) to pay the principal and interest on the Notes on the stated
                                            date for payment or on the redemption date. The Company may make the deposit only during
                                            the one-year period and only if Article 11 permits it.

 

However,
the Company’s obligations in Sections 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 4.1, 6.7, and 6.8, and in Article 10, shall survive until no Notes
are outstanding. Thereafter, only the Company’s obligations in Sections 7.7 and 8.5 shall survive.

 

If
a deposit is made pursuant to this Section 8.1, the Trustee, upon request, shall acknowledge in writing the discharge of the Company’s
obligations under this Indenture, except for those surviving obligations specified above.

 

In
order to have money available on a payment date to pay principal and interest on the Notes, the U.S. Government Obligations shall be
payable as to principal and interest on or before such payment date in such amounts as will provide the necessary money. U.S. Government
Obligations shall not be callable at the issuer’s option.

 

“U.S.
Government Obligations” means direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which the full faith and
credit of the United States of America is pledged.

 

    	22

     

    

 

Section
8.2. Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance.

 

(a)
The Company may, at its option and at any time, elect to have either paragraph (b) or (c) below be applied to all outstanding Notes upon
compliance with the conditions set forth in Section 8.3.

 

(b)
Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 8.2(a) hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.2(b), the Company shall, subject
to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.3, be deemed to have been discharged from their obligations with respect
to all outstanding Notes on the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, “Legal Defeasance”).
For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Debt represented by
the outstanding Notes, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “outstanding” only for the purposes of Section 8.4 hereof and
the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in (1) and (2) below, and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Notes
and this Indenture (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the
same), except for the following provisions which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder:

 

		(1)	the
                                            rights of Holders of outstanding Notes to receive, solely from the trust fund described in
                                            Section 8.4 hereof, and as more fully set forth in such Section 8.4, payments in respect
                                            of the principal of and interest on such Demand Notes when such payments are due;

 

		(2)	the
                                            Company’s obligations with respect to such Notes under Article 2 and Section 4.1 hereof;

 

		(3)	the
                                            rights, powers, trusts, duties, and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company’s
                                            obligations in connection therewith; and

 

		(4)	the
                                            provisions of this Article 8 applicable to Legal Defeasance.

 

Subject
to compliance with this Article 8, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 8.2(b) notwithstanding the prior exercise of
its option under Section 8.2(c) hereof.

 

(c)
Upon the Company’s exercise under paragraph (a) hereof of the option applicable to this paragraph (c), the Company shall, subject
to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.3 hereof, be released from their respective obligations under the covenants
contained in Sections 4.2 and 4.4 hereof with respect to the outstanding Notes on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section
8.3 are satisfied (hereinafter, “Covenant Defeasance”), and the Notes shall thereafter be deemed not “outstanding”
for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent, or declaration or act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection
with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed “outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder (it being understood
that such Notes shall not be deemed outstanding for accounting purposes). For this purpose, Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect
to the outstanding Notes, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition, or limitation
set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by
reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall
not constitute an Event of Default under Section 6.1 hereof, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such
Notes shall be unaffected thereby. In addition, upon the Company’s exercise under paragraph (a) hereof of the option applicable
to this paragraph (c), subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.3 hereof, clause (c) of Section 6.1 hereof
shall not constitute an Event of Default.

 

    	23

     

    

 

Section
8.3. Conditions to Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

 

The
following shall be the conditions to the application of either Section 8.2(b) or 8.2(c) hereof to the outstanding Notes:

 

		(a)	the
                                            Company must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the Holders,
                                            money or U.S. Government Obligations, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be
                                            sufficient (without reinvestment), in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent
                                            public accountants selected by the Company, to pay the principal and interest on the Notes
                                            on the stated date for payment or on the redemption date;

 

		(b)	in
                                            the case of Legal Defeasance, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion
                                            of Counsel in the United States confirming that:

 

		(a)	the
                                            Company has received from, or there has been published by the Internal Revenue Service, a
                                            ruling, or

 

		(b)	since
                                            the date of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable U.S. federal income
                                            tax law,

 

			in
                                            either case to the effect that, and based thereon, the Holders will not recognize income,
                                            gain, or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and
                                            will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at
                                            the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred;

 

		(c)	in
                                            the case of Covenant Defeasance, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion
                                            of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that the
                                            Holders will not recognize income, gain, or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as
                                            a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the
                                            same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such
                                            Covenant Defeasance had not occurred;

 

		(d)	no
                                            Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit;

 

    	24

     

    

 

		(e)	the
                                            Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or
                                            constitute a Default under, this Indenture or a default under any other material agreement
                                            or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the
                                            Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound;

 

		(f)	the
                                            Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that the
                                            deposit was not made by it with the intent of preferring the Holders over any other creditors
                                            of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying, or defrauding any other
                                            of its creditors; and

 

		(g)	the
                                            Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion
                                            of Counsel, each stating that the conditions provided for in clauses (a) through (f) of this
                                            Section 8.3 (in the case of the Officer’s Certificate), as applicable, and clauses
                                            (b), if applicable, and/or (c) and (e) of this Section 8.3 (in the case of the Opinion of
                                            Counsel) have been complied with.

 

Section
8.4. Application of Trust Money.

 

The
Trustee shall hold in trust money or U.S. Government Obligations deposited with it pursuant to Section 8.1. It shall apply the deposited
money and the money from U.S. Government Obligations through the Paying Agent and in accordance with this Indenture to the payment of
principal and interest on the Notes. Money and Notes so held in trust are not subject to Article 10.

 

Section
8.5. Repayment to the Company.

 

The
Trustee and the Paying Agent shall promptly pay to the Company upon request any money or Notes held by them at any time in excess of
amounts required to be so held hereunder.

 

The
Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon request any money held by them for the payment of principal and interest that
remains unclaimed for two years. After payment to the Company, Certificateholders entitled to the money must look to the Company for
payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another person.

 

ARTICLE
9

 

AMENDMENTS

 

Section
9.1. Without Consent of Holders.

 

The
Company and the Trustee may amend this Indenture or the Notes without the consent of the Holders of the Notes by Company Order:

 

		(a)	to
                                            cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency;

 

    	25

     

    

 

		(b)	to
                                            comply with Article 5;

 

		(c)	to
                                            provide for certificated Notes in addition to uncertificated Notes;

 

		(d)	to
                                            increase the aggregate principal amount of Notes which may be delivered under this Indenture;

 

		(e)	to
                                            make any change that does not adversely affect the legal rights hereunder of the Holders
                                            of the Notes; or

 

		(f)	to
                                            comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this
                                            Indenture with the TIA.

 

After
an amendment under this Section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of the Notes affected by such amendment a notice
briefly describing the amendment.

 

Section
9.2. With Consent of Holders.

 

The
Company and the Trustee may amend this Indenture or the Notes with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal
amount of the then outstanding Notes. However, without the consent of each Certificateholder affected, an amendment under this Section
may not:

 

		(a)	reduce
                                            the amount of Notes whose Holders must consent to an amendment;

 

		(b)	reduce
                                            the principal of or change the demand payment nature of any Note;

 

		(c)	make
                                            any Note payable in money other than that stated in such Note;

 

		(d)	make
                                            any change in Section 6.4, Section 6.7, or Section 9.2; or

 

		(e)	make
                                            any change in Article 10 that adversely affects the rights of any Certificateholder.

 

An
amendment under this Section may not make any change that adversely affects the rights under Article 10 of any holder of an issue of
Senior Debt unless the holders of the issue pursuant to its terms consent to the change or the change is otherwise permissible.

 

The
Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Persons entitled to consent to any indenture
supplemental hereto. If a record date is fixed, the Holders on such record date, or their duly designated proxies, and only such Persons,
shall be entitled to consent to such supplemental indenture, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided,
that unless such consent shall have become effective by virtue of the requisite percentage having been obtained prior to the date which
is 90 days after such record date, any such consent previously given shall automatically and without further action by any Holder be
cancelled and of no further effect.

 

After
an amendment under this Section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of the Notes affected by such amendment a notice
briefly describing the amendment.

 

    	26

     

    

 

Section
9.3. Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.

 

Every
amendment to this Indenture or the Notes shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture that complies with the TIA as then in effect.

 

Section
9.4. Revocation and Effect of Consents.

 

Until
an amendment or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Note is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent
Holder of a Note or portion of a Note that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Note, even if notification of the
consent is not made on any Note. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his or her Note or portion
of a Note if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date the amendment or waiver becomes effective. An amendment or
waiver becomes effective in accordance with its terms and thereafter binds every Holder of the Notes.

 

Section
9.5. Notation on or Exchange of Notes.

 

The
Company may place an appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Note (or confirmation thereof) thereafter authenticated.
The Company in exchange for all Notes may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate, if the Trustee is acting as Registrar, new Notes
that reflect the amendment or waiver.

 

Section
9.6. Trustee Protected.

 

The
Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures and shall be fully protected in doing so, except that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental
indenture that adversely affects its rights. The Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and shall be fully protected in relying on, an
Opinion of Counsel and an Officer’s Certificate, which shall be provided at the expense of the Company.

 

ARTICLE
10

 

SUBORDINATION

 

Section
10.1. Agreement to Subordinate.

 

The
Company agrees, and each Certificateholder by accepting a Note agrees, that the indebtedness evidenced by the Note is subordinated in
right of payment, to the extent and in the manner provided in this Article, to the prior payment in full of all Senior Debt, and that
the subordination is for the benefit of the holders of Senior Debt.

 

Section
10.2. Certain Definitions.

 

“Debt”
means any indebtedness, contingent or otherwise, in respect of borrowed money (whether or not the recourse of the lender is to the whole
of the assets of the Company or only to a portion thereof), or evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures, or similar instruments or letters
of credit, or representing the balance deferred and unpaid on the purchase price of any property or interest therein, except any such
balance that constitutes a trade payable, and shall include any guarantee of any indebtedness described above.

 

    	27

     

    

 

“Representative”
means the indenture trustee or other trustee, agent, or representative for an issue of Senior Debt.

 

“Senior
Debt” means all Debt (present or future) created, incurred, assumed, or guaranteed by the Company (and all renewals, extensions,
or refundings thereof), except such Debt that by its terms expressly provides that such Debt is not senior or superior in right of payment
to the Notes. Senior Debt shall include without limitation (i) the guarantee by the Company of any Debt of any other person (including,
without limitation, subordinated Debt of another person), unless such Debt is expressly subordinated to any other Debt of the Company,
(ii) all Debt of the Company maintained with banks and finance companies and any line of credit to be obtained by the Company in the
future and (iii) all Debt of the Company obtained from Affiliates. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, Senior Debt shall
not include Debt of the Company to any of its subsidiaries or under the Notes.

 

Section
10.3. Liquidation; Dissolution; Bankruptcy.

 

Upon
any distribution to creditors of the Company in a liquidation or dissolution of the Company or in a bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency,
receivership, or similar proceeding relating to the Company or its property:

 

		(a)	holders
                                            of Senior Debt shall be entitled to receive payment in full in cash of the principal and
                                            interest (including interest accruing after the commencement of any such proceeding) to the
                                            date of payment, on the Senior Debt before Certificateholders shall be entitled to receive
                                            any payment of principal and interest on Notes; and

 

		(b)	until
                                            the Senior Debt is paid in full in cash, any distribution to which Certificateholders would
                                            be entitled but for this Article shall be made to holders of Senior Debt as their interest
                                            may appear, except that Holders of Notes may receive Notes that are subordinated to Senior
                                            Debt to at least the same extent as such Notes.

 

Section
10.4. Default on Senior Debt.

 

Upon
the maturity of any Senior Debt by lapse of time, acceleration, or otherwise, all such Senior Debt shall first be paid in full, or such
payment duly provided for in cash or in a manner satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Debt, before any payment is made by the Company
or any person acting on behalf of the Company on account of the principal and interest on the Notes.

 

The
Company may not pay principal and interest on the Notes and may not acquire Notes for cash or property other than capital stock of the
Company if:

 

		(a)	a
                                            default on Senior Debt occurs and is continuing that permits holders of such Senior Debt
                                            to accelerate its maturity, and

 

    	28

     

    

 

		(b)	the
                                            default is the subject of judicial proceedings or the Company receives a notice of the default
                                            from a person who may give it pursuant to Section 10.12. If the Company receives any such
                                            notice, a similar notice received within nine (9) months thereafter relating to the same
                                            default on the same issue of Senior Debt shall not be effective for purposes of this Section.

 

The
Company may resume payments on the Notes and may acquire them when:

 

		(a)	the
                                            default is cured or waived, or

 

		(b)	one
                                            hundred twenty (120) days pass after the notice is given if the default is not the subject
                                            of judicial proceedings, if this Article otherwise permits the payment or acquisition at
                                            that time.

 

Section
10.5. Acceleration of Notes.

 

If
payment of the Notes is accelerated because of an Event of Default, the Company shall promptly notify holders of Senior Debt of the acceleration.
The Company may pay Holders of the Notes when one hundred twenty (120) days pass after the acceleration occurs if this Article permits
the payment at that time.

 

Section
10.6. When Distribution Must Be Paid Over.

 

In
the event that, notwithstanding the provisions of Section 10.4, the Company shall make any payment to the Trustee on account of the principal
and interest on the Notes, two (2) business days after the happening of a default in payment of the principal or interest on Senior Debt,
or two (2) business days after receipt by the Company and the Trustee of written notice as provided in Sections 10.4 and 10.12 of an
Event of Default or an event which, with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both, would constitute an Event of Default with
respect to any Senior Debt, then, unless and until such Default or Event of Default shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased
to exist, such payment shall be held by the Trustee, in trust for the benefit of, and shall be paid forthwith over and delivered to,
the holders of Senior Debt (pro rata as to each of such holders on the basis of the respective amounts of Senior Debt held by them) or
their representative or the trustee under the indenture or other agreement (if any) pursuant to which Senior Debt may have been issued,
as their respective interests may appear, for application to the payment of all Senior Debt remaining unpaid to the extent necessary
to pay all Senior Debt in full in accordance with its terms, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for
the holders of Senior Debt.

 

If
a distribution is made to the Holders of Notes that because of this Article should not have been made to them, the Holders who receive
the distribution shall hold it in trust for holders of Senior Debt and pay it over to them as their interests may appear.

 

    	29

     

    

 

Section
10.7. Notice by Company.

 

The
Company shall promptly notify the Trustee and the Paying Agent of any facts known to the Company that would cause a payment of principal
and interest on the Notes to violate this Article, but failure to give such notice shall not affect the subordination of the Notes to
the Senior Debt provided in this Article. Nothing in this Article 10 shall apply to claims of, or payments to, the Trustee under or pursuant
to Section 6.7.

 

Section
10.8. Subrogation.

 

After
all Senior Debt is paid in full and until the Notes are paid in full, Holders of the then outstanding Notes shall be subrogated to the
rights of holders of Senior Debt to receive distributions applicable to Senior Debt to the extent distributions otherwise payable to
such Holders have been applied to the payment of Senior Debt. A distribution made under this Article to holders of Senior Debt which
otherwise would have been made to Certificateholders is not, as between the Company and Certificateholders, a payment by the Company
on Senior Debt.

 

Section
10.9. Relative Rights.

 

This
Article defines the relative rights of Certificateholders and holders of Senior Debt. Nothing said in this indenture shall:

 

		(a)	impair,
                                            as between the Company and Certificateholders, the obligation of the Company, which is absolute
                                            and unconditional, to pay principal of and interest on the Notes in accordance with their
                                            terms;

 

		(b)	affect
                                            the relative rights of Certificateholders and creditors of the Company other than holders
                                            of Senior Debt; or

 

		(c)	prevent
                                            the Trustee or any Certificateholder from exercising its available remedies upon a Default
                                            or Event of Default, subject to the rights of holders of Senior Debt to receive distributions
                                            otherwise payable to Certificateholders.

 

If
the Company fails because of this Article to pay principal and interest on a Note on the due date, the failure is still a Default or
Event of Default.

 

Section
10.10. Subordination may not be Impaired by Company.

 

No
right of any holder of Senior Debt to enforce the subordination of the indebtedness evidenced by the Notes shall be impaired by any act
or failure to act by the Company or by its failure to comply with this Indenture.

 

Section
10.11. Distribution or Notice to Representative.

 

Whenever
a distribution is to be made or a notice given to holders of Senior Debt, the distribution may be made and the notice given to their
Representative.

 

    	30

     

    

 

Section
10.12. Rights of Trustee and Paying Agent.

 

The
Trustee or Paying Agent may continue to make payments on the Notes until it receives notice of facts that would cause a payment of principal
and interest on the Notes to violate this Article. Only the Company, a Representative, or a holder of an issue of Senior Debt that has
no Representative may give the notice.

 

The
Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may hold Senior Debt with same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent
may do the same with like rights.

 

Section
10.13. Trust Moneys Not Subordinated.

 

Notwithstanding
anything contained herein to the contrary, payments from money or the proceeds of U.S. Government Obligations held in trust under Article
8 by the Trustee for the payment of principal of and interest on the Notes shall not be subordinated to the prior payment of any Senior
Debt or subject to the restrictions set forth in this Article 10, and none of the Holders of the Notes shall be obligated to pay over
any such amount to the Company or any holder of Senior Debt of the Company or any other creditor of the Company.

 

Section
10.14. Trustee Not Fiduciary for Holders of Senior Debt.

 

The
Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Debt and shall not be liable to any such holders if it
shall mistakenly pay over or distribute to Holders of the Notes or the Company or any other person, money or assets to which any holders
of Senior Debt of the Company shall be entitled by virtue of this Article 10 or otherwise.

 

ARTICLE
11

 

MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section
11.1. TIA Controls.

 

If
any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with another provision which is required to be included in this Indenture
by the TIA, the required provision shall control.

 

Section
11.2. Notices.

 

Any
notice by the Company or the Trustee to the other is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first-class mail to
the other’s address stated in Section 11.10. The Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different
addresses for subsequent notices or communications.

 

Any
notice to a Certificateholder shall be mailed by first-class mail to the address shown on the register kept by the Registrar or such
other name and addresses as provided to the Trustee pursuant to Sections 313(c)(2) and (3) of the TIA. Failure to mail a notice or communication
to a Certificateholder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Certificateholders.

 

    	31

     

    

 

If
a notice is mailed in the manner provided above within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it.

 

If
the Company mails a notice to Certificateholders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.

 

All
other notices shall be in writing.

 

Section
11.3. Communication by Holders With Other Holders.

 

Certificateholders
may communicate pursuant to Section 312(b) of the TIA with other Certificateholders with respect to their rights under this Indenture
or the Notes. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar, and anyone else shall have the protection of Section 312(c) of the TIA.

 

Section
11.4. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.

 

Upon
any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:

 

		(a)	an
                                            Officer’s Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent,
                                            if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action and the other items
                                            detailed in Section 11.5 have been complied with; and

 

		(b)	an
                                            Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent
                                            and the other items detailed in Section 11.5 have been complied with.

 

Section
11.5. Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.

 

Each
certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:

 

		(a)	a
                                            statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;

 

		(b)	a
                                            brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which
                                            the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

 

		(c)	a
                                            statement that, in the opinion of such person, he or she has made such examination or investigation
                                            as is necessary to enable him or her to express an informed opinion as to whether or not
                                            such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

 

		(d)	a
                                            statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant
                                            has been complied with.

 

    	32

     

    

 

Section
11.6. Rules by Trustee and Agents.

 

The
Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Certificateholders. The Registrar or Paying Agent may make reasonable
rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.

 

Section
11.7. Legal Holidays.

 

A
“Legal Holiday” is a Saturday, a Sunday, or a day on which banking institutions are not required to be open. If a
payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal
Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.

 

Section
11.8. No Recourse Against Others.

 

All
liability described in the Notes of any member, manager, director, officer, employee, or stockholder, as such, of the Company and the
Trustee is waived and released. Each Holder by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part
of the consideration for issuance of the Notes.

 

Section
11.9. Duplicate Originals.

 

The
parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture. One signed copy is enough to prove this Indenture.

 

Section
11.10. Variable Provisions.

 

The
Company initially appoints itself as Paying Agent and Registrar.

 

The
first Officer’s Certificate pursuant to Section 4.3 shall be for the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2022.

 

The
reporting date for Section 7.6 is May 15 of each year. The first reporting date is May 15, 2023.

 

The
Company’s address is:

 

13241
Bartram Park Blvd.

Suite
2401

Jacksonville,
Florida 32258

Attention:
Dan Wallach

 

The
Trustee’s address is:

 

U.S.
Bank Trust Company, National Association

Global
Corporate Trust Services

2
Concourse Parkway, Suite 800

Atlanta,
Georgia 30328

Attention:
Account Manager - Shepherd’s Finance, LLC

 

    	33

     

    

 

Section
11.11. Governing Law.

 

The
internal laws of the State of Delaware shall govern this Indenture and the Notes.

 

Section
11.12. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.

 

This
Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan, or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary. Any such indenture,
loan, or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.

 

Section
11.13. Successors.

 

All
agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Notes shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall
bind its successor.

 

Section
11.14. Severability.

 

In
case any provision in this Indenture or the Notes shall be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, then the validity, legality, and enforceability
of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

 

IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto hereby execute this Indenture as of the date first written.

 

	 	COMPANY:
			
	 	 	 
	 	SHEPHERD’S
    FINANCE, LLC
	 	 
	 	By:	

    

    

    

	 	 	Daniel M. Wallach,
    Chief Executive Officer
	 	 	 
	 	TRUSTEE:
	 	 	 
	 	U.S.
                                            Bank Trust Company, 

National
Association 

	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	[Name,
    Title]

 

    	34

     

    

 

Exhibit
A

 

FORM
OF FIXED RATE SUBORDINATED NOTE

 

OF

 

SHEPHERD’S
FINANCE, LLC

 

    	 

     

    

 

Fixed
Rate Subordinated Note

 

___________
__, 20__

 

	No.
    ____ 	 	Jacksonville,
    Florida 	 

 

Subject
to the restrictions in Section 6 below, ___________________________________from the date hereof, Shepherd’s Finance, LLC (the “Company”)
promises to pay ___________________________ DOLLARS at the main office of the Company, 13241 Bartram Park Blvd., Suite 2401, Jacksonville,
Florida 32258 and to pay interest thereon at the rate of ____% (percent) per annum, in accordance with Section 1 below. 

 

This
is one of a duly authorized issue of Fixed Rate Subordinated Notes of the Company (the “Notes”) issued under and subject
in all respects to the terms of an Indenture dated as of ___________, 2022 (the “Indenture”), between the Company and U.S.
Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). Reference is hereby made to the Indenture and all supplemental
indentures for a statement of the respective rights of the Company, the Trustee, the agents of the Company, and the Trustee and the holders
of the Notes. All capitalized terms used, but not defined, in this Note have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture. No reference
herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Note or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which
is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and interest on this Note in the manner herein prescribed.

 

1.
Interest. Interest will be calculated based on the actual number of days the Note is outstanding based on a 365/366 day year.
Interest will be earned daily and payable monthly or at maturity at the holder’s request. If the holder elects to receive interest
at maturity rather than monthly, interest will be compounded monthly. If any payment of the Note is due on a Legal Holiday, then the
holder will not be entitled to payment of the amount due until the following day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest will be
due as a result of such delay. If the holder elects to receive interest monthly, interest will be paid on the first business day (not
a Legal Holiday) of every month (each an “Interest Payment Date”). The first Interest Payment Date will be the month following
the month of the Date of Issue, except that if a Note is issued within the last 10 days preceding an Interest Payment Date, the first
interest payment will be made on the next succeeding Interest Payment Date. No payments of interest under fifty dollars will be made,
with any interest payment under fifty dollars accruing and earning interest on a monthly compounding basis until the payment due is at
least fifty dollars on an Interest Payment Date.

 

2.
Redemption by Company. Subject to the restrictions of Section 6 below and in accordance with the procedures set forth in Article
3 of the Indenture, this Note may be redeemed by the Company prior to maturity for a redemption price equal to the principal amount,
plus any unpaid interest thereon to the date of redemption. Notice of redemption shall be given by mail to the holder of this Note (the
“Noteholder”) at the holder’s last address as it appears on the records of the Company not less than 30 nor more than
60 days prior to the date fixed for redemption. Once notice of redemption is mailed, Notes called for redemption become due and payable
on the date of redemption set forth in the notice of redemption at the redemption price. On or before the redemption date, the Company
shall set aside money sufficient to pay the redemption price of all Notes to be redeemed on that date.

 

    	 

     

    

 

3.
Redemption at Request of Noteholder. 

 

(a)
BEGINNING 180 DAYS AFTER THE ISSUANCE DATE, AT THE WRITTEN REQUEST OF THE NOTEHOLDER DELIVERED TO THE COMPANY, THE COMPANY MAY, AT ITS
OPTION AND SUBJECT TO THE RESTRICTIONS OF SECTION 6 BELOW, BUT SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED TO, REDEEM THIS NOTE for a redemption price equal
to the principal amount plus an amount equal to the unpaid interest thereon for this Note, as adjusted, at the stated rate to the redemption
date minus an amount equal to the interest that would be payable thereon at the rate stated above for a 180-day period.

 

(b)
NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING SECTION 3(a), IF THIS NOTE (i) ON THE DATE OF ISSUE HAD A DURATION OF 36 MONTHS, AND (ii) HAS A DATE OF
ISSUE OF FEBRUARY 4, 2020 OR AFTER, THEN, AT THE WRITTEN REQUEST DELIVERED TO THE COMPANY BY THE NOTEHOLDER, THE COMPANY SHALL, SUBJECT
TO THE RESTRICTIONS OF SECTION 6 BELOW, REDEEM ALL OR A PORTION OF THIS NOTE (AS REQUESTED BY THE NOTEHOLDER) for a redemption price
equal to the principal amount plus an amount equal to the unpaid interest thereon for this Note at the stated rate to the redemption
date, as follows:

 

(1)
The Company shall redeem up to $10,000 of this Note within 7 days of the redemption request;

 

(2)
The Company shall redeem up to an additional $90,000 of this Note within 30 days of the redemption request;

 

(3)
The Company shall redeem any remaining amount of this Note requested to be redeemed within 90 days of the redemption request; and

 

(4)
The Company shall redeem all or a portion of this Note if requested by the Noteholder, regardless of amount, within 1 business day but
only if the Noteholder immediately upon redemption invests the entirety of the proceeds from such redemption in another security then-offered
by the Company; provided, however, the Noteholder may only reinvest in another Note with a duration that is equal to or greater than
the period remaining until the maturity date of the Note to be redeemed.

 

For
purposes of determining the length of time within which the Company must redeem all or a portion of this Note under this Section 3(b),
the dollar amount of a given redemption request will be added to any amount or amounts of this Note previously requested to be redeemed
that were redeemed by the Company.

 

(c)
NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING SECTION 3(a), AT THE WRITTEN REQUEST DELIVERED TO THE COMPANY BY THE NOTEHOLDER, THE COMPANY SHALL, SUBJECT
TO THE RESTRICTIONS OF SECTION 6 BELOW, REDEEM ALL OR A PORTION OF THIS NOTE (AS REQUESTED BY THE NOTEHOLDER) for a redemption price
equal to the principal amount plus an amount equal to the unpaid interest thereon for this Note at the stated rate to the redemption
date within 1 business day, but only if the Noteholder immediately upon redemption invests the entirety of the proceeds from such redemption
in another Note or another security then-offered by the Company, if any; provided, however, (i) a Noteholder may only reinvest in another
Note with a duration that is equal to or greater than the period remaining until the maturity date of the Note to be redeemed and (ii)
a Noteholder may only reinvest in a Note with a duration of 36 months if the Note to be redeemed had a duration of 36 months on the Date
of Issue.

 

    	 

     

    

 

4.
Redemption Upon Death of Noteholder. Upon the death of the Noteholder, the Company shall be required to redeem this Note at the
date of the Noteholder’s death, as requested in the manner, and subject to the limitations, set forth below. The redemption price
shall be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Note plus accrued interest on a daily basis to the redemption date. Redemption
of this Note shall be made as soon as reasonably possible, based on the Company’s then current case position and needs, but generally
within two weeks following the receipt by the Company or the Trustee of all of the following:

 

(a)
a written request for redemption signed by a duly authorized representative of the Noteholder, which request shall set forth the name
of the Noteholder, the date of death of the Noteholder and the principal amount of this Note;

 

(b)
evidence satisfactory to the Trustee and the Company of the death of the Noteholder and the authority of the representative to such extent
as may be required by the Trustee or Company.

 

This
Note shall not be entitled to redemption pursuant to this Section 4 unless the Note has been registered in the Noteholder’s name
since its Date of Issue.

 

Authorized
representatives of the Noteholder shall include the following: executors, administrators, or other legal representatives of an estate;
trustees of a trust; joint owner of the Note owned in joint tenancy or tenancy by the entirety; attorneys-in-fact; and other persons
generally recognized as having legal authority to act on behalf of another.

 

5.
Reinvestment Option at Maturity. Between 30 and 60 days prior to the maturity date of this Note, the Company will deliver a notice
of the maturity date to the Noteholder and, if the Company is offering any reinvestment options and has an effective offering available,
a form containing options to reinvest the proceeds of this Note upon maturity in a new Note that is being offered in such offering. The
reinvestment form will contain the terms of Notes being offered at that time and the Noteholder may select one of the reinvestment options
offered. If the Noteholder properly completes, executes, and returns the reinvestment form at least 5 business days prior to the maturity
date, the proceeds of this Note will be deemed reinvested under the reinvestment terms selected and a new Note will be issued by the
Company within 5 business days after the maturity date of this Note. If the Noteholder does not return a properly completed reinvestment
form within the time period prescribed herein or there are no reinvestment options offered by the Company, then the Company will pay
the principal amount plus any unpaid interest to the Noteholder at maturity.

 

    	 

     

    

 

6.
Subordination. This Note is subordinated, in all rights to payment and in all other respects, to Senior Debt. Senior Debt means
all Debt (present or future) created, incurred, assumed, or guaranteed by the Company (and all renewals, extensions, or refundings thereof),
except such Debt that by its terms expressly provides that such Debt is not senior or superior in right of payment to the Notes. Senior
Debt shall include without limitation (i) the guarantee by the Company of any Debt of any other person (including, without limitation,
subordinated Debt of another person), unless such Debt is expressly subordinated to any other Debt of the Company, (ii) all Debt of the
Company maintained with banks and finance companies and any line of credit to be obtained by the Company in the future and (iii) all
Debt of the Company obtained from Affiliates. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, Senior Debt shall not include Debt of
the Company to any of its subsidiaries or under the Notes. Any other Fixed Rate Subordinated Notes issued by the Company pursuant to
a public or private offering thereof shall be pari passu with this Note and shall not constitute Senior Debt. Debt means any indebtedness,
contingent or otherwise, in respect of borrowed money (whether or not the recourse of the lender is to the whole of the assets of the
Company or only to a portion thereof), or evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures, or similar instruments or letters of credit, or representing
the balance deferred and unpaid on the purchase price of any property or interest therein, except any such balance that constitutes a
trade payable, and shall include any guarantee of any indebtedness described above. The Company agrees, and the Noteholder by accepting
this Note agrees, to the subordination provisions set forth in Article 10 of the Indenture. 

 

7.
Amendments and Waivers. As permitted in the Indenture, the Indenture, other than the subordination provisions, may be amended
and the rights and obligations of the Company and the rights of the holders of the Notes under the Indenture modified at any time by
the Company with the consent of the Trustee and holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes. The Company
and the Trustee may not modify the Indenture without the consent of each holder affected if the modification (i) affects the terms of
payment of, the principal of, or any interest on, any Note; (ii) changes the percentage of Noteholders who consent to a waiver or modification
as required; (iii) affects the subordination provisions of the Indenture in a manner that adversely affects the right of any holder;
or (iv) waives any Event of Default in the payment of principal of, or interest on, any Note. As permitted by the Indenture, the Trustee
and holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes, on behalf of the holders of all Notes, may waive compliance
by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences, except
an Event of Default in the payment of principal or of interest on the Notes.

 

8.
Defaults and Remedies. If an Event of Default, as defined in the Indenture, occurs and is continuing, the principal of and accrued
interest on all Notes may be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture. The Indenture generally
provides that an Event of Default occurs if: (i) the Company fails to pay any installment of interest on a Note when the same becomes
due and payable and the failure to pay continues for a period of thirty (30) days; (ii) the Company fails to pay the principal of any
Note when the same becomes due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise, and the failure to pay continues for a period of
thirty (30) days; (iii) the Company fails to comply with any of its other agreements in, or the provisions of, the Note or the Indenture
and such failure is not cured or waived within sixty (60) days after receipt by the Company of a specific written notice from the Trustee
or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes; and (iv) the Company becomes subject to certain events
of bankruptcy or insolvency.

 

    	 

     

    

 

9.
Transfer. As provided in the Indenture, this Note is transferable only on the Note register maintained by the Registrar, upon
surrender of this Note for transfer at the office of the Registrar, duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer
in a form satisfactory to the Company and the Registrar duly executed by, the registered holder hereof or such holder’s attorney
duly authorized in writing, a copy of which authorization must be delivered with any such instrument of transfer, and thereupon one or
more new Notes, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee
or transferees. A service fee may be charged to replace a lost or stolen Note, to transfer this Note, or to issue a replacement payment
check. The Company, the Trustee, and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the person in whose name this Note is registered
as the owner hereof for the purpose of receiving payment as herein provided and for all other purposes, and neither the Company, the
Trustee, nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary. The Company currently serves as the Registrar and Paying Agent
for the Notes.

 

10.
Owners. The registered Noteholder shall be treated as the owner of the Note for all purposes.

 

11.
No Recourse. A member, manager, director, officer, employee, or stockholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability
for any obligations of the Company under this Note or for any claim based on, or in respect of such obligations or their creation. The
Noteholder by accepting this Note waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the
issue of this Note.

 

THIS
NOTE IS NOT A BANK DEPOSIT NOR A BANK OBLIGATION AND IS NOT INSURED BY THE FDIC.

 

IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Note to be signed in its company name by an Officer at Jacksonville, Florida, on the date
first written above.

 

	 	SHEPHERD’S
    FINANCE, LLC
	 	 	 
	 	By:	             
	 	Name:	 
	 	Title:Exhibit 4.2

 

 

COMMON SHARE PURCHASE WARRANT

  

XORTX
THERAPEUTICS, INC.

 

	Warrant Shares: _______	Original Issue Date: [    ], 2022

 

THIS COMMON SHARE PURCHASE WARRANT
(the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the “Holder”)
is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after
the date hereof (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on [     ],
2027 (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from XORTX Therapeutics, Inc.,
a company organized under the laws of British Columbia (the “Company”), up to ______ Common Shares (as subject to adjustment
hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”). The purchase price of one Warrant Share under this Warrant shall be equal to the
Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b). This Warrant is being issued pursuant to that certain Underwriting Agreement, dated [     ],
2022, between the Company and A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners, as representative of the underwriters thereunder (the “Underwriting
Agreement”). This Warrant shall initially be issued and maintained in the form of a security held in book-entry form and the
Depository Trust Company or its nominee (“DTC”) shall initially be the sole registered holder of the Warrant, subject
a Holder’s right to elect to receive the Warrant in certificated form pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agency Agreement, in
which case this sentence shall not apply.

 

Section 1.             Definitions.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:

 

“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

“Bid Price”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Shares are then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Shares for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading
Market on which the Common Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (Eastern
time) to 4:02 p.m. (Eastern time)), (b)  if the Common Shares are not then listed on a Trading Market, and if prices for the
Common Shares are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization
or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Common Share so reported, or (c) in all
other cases, the fair market value of a Common Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of
a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall
be paid by the Company.

 

“Business
Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day
on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.

 

“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Common
Shares” means the common shares of the Company, no par value, and any other class of securities into which such securities may
hereafter be reclassified or changed.

 

“Common
Share Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or its Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Common Shares, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred shares, right, option, warrant or other instrument that
is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Shares.

 

     

     

    

  

“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

 

“Registration
Statement” means the Company’s registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-267328), as amended, or such
other replacement registration statement on the applicable Form that has been declared effective by the Commission.

 

“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

“Subsidiary”
means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed
or acquired after the date hereof.

 

“Trading
Day” means a day on which the Common Shares are traded on the principal Trading Market.

 

“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Shares are listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock
Exchange, or the OTCQX or OTCQB markets (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

 

“Transfer
Agent” means TSX Trust Company, with a mailing address of 100 Adelaide Street West, Suite 301, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5H 4H1 and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, with a mailing address of 1 State Street, 30 FL New York, New York 10004,
and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

 

“VWAP”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Shares are then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Share are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30
a.m. (Eastern time) to 4:02 p.m. (Eastern time)), (b) if the Common Shares are not listed on a Trading Market, and if prices
for the Common Shares are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization
or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Shares so reported, or (c) in
all other cases, the fair market value of a Common Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders
of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall
be paid by the Company.

 

“Warrant
Agency Agreement” means that certain warrant agency agreement, dated on or about the Initial Exercise Date, between the Company
and the Warrant Agent.

 

“Warrant
Agent” means the Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, with a mailing address of 1 State Street, 30 FL New York,
New York 10004 and any successor warrant agent of the Company.

 

“Warrants”
means this Warrant and other Common Share purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement.

 

     

     

    

  

Section 2.             Exercise.

 

a)            Exercise
of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on
or after the Original Issue Date and on or before the Termination Date in the manner provided in the Warrant Agency Agreement, or by delivery
to the Company of a duly executed facsimile copy (or .pdf copy via e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto
(the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading
Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid,
the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer
or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below
is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee
(or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the
Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares
available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company
for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial
exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the
effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant
Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such
purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. The
Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following
the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given
time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing in this
Section 2(a), a holder whose interest in this Warrant is a beneficial interest in certificate(s) representing this Warrant held
in book entry form through DTC (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions), shall effect exercises made
pursuant to this Section 2(a) by delivering to DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable) the appropriate instruction
form for exercise, complying with the procedures to effect exercise that are required by DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable),
subject to the Holder’s right to elect to receive a Warrant in certificated form pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agency Agreement,
in which case this sentence shall not apply.

 

b)            Exercise
Price. The exercise price per Common Share under this Warrant shall be $[ ], subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise
Price”).

 

c)            Cashless
Exercise. If at any time after the Original Issue Date, there is no effective Registration Statement registering the Warrant Shares,
or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, then the Holder may elect instead
to exercise this Warrant, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be
entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:

 

(A) = as
applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of
Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both
executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours”
(as defined in Rule 600(b)(77) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at
the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise
or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Shares on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s
execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a
Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of “regular
trading hours” on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable
Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered
pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;

 

     

     

    

 

(B) = the
Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and

 

(X) = the
number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise
were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

 

If Warrant Shares
are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities
Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not to take any
position contrary to this Section 2(c).

 

d)            Mechanics
of Exercise.

 

i.            Delivery
of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer
Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company
through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system
and either (A) there is an effective Registration Statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant
Shares by Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate,
registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which
the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is
the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading
Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement
Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”).
Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of
the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares,
provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of
(i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery
of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise
by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each
$1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Shares on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise),
$10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each
Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company
agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable.
As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading
Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Shares as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice
of Exercise.

 

     

     

    

 

ii.       Delivery
of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and
upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing
the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects
be identical with this Warrant.

 

iii.       Rescission
Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by
the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise, including in the event of a Buy-In (as
defined below), as described in Section 2(d)(iv) below.

 

iv.       Compensation
for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if
the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above
pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase
(in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, Common Shares to deliver in satisfaction
of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”),
then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price
(including brokerage commissions, if any) for the Common Shares so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the
number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the
price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder (pursuant
to notice to be sent by the Holder to the Company within ten (10) days following the Warrant Share Delivery Date; if such notice
is not provided by that date, the Company shall instead have the right to decide), either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent
number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to
the Holder the number of Warrant Shares that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations
hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Shares having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect
to an attempted exercise of Warrant Shares with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause
(A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company
written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing
herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without
limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver Warrant
Shares upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

v.       No
Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this
Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall,
at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the
Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

 

     

     

    

 

vi.       Charges,
Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental
expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant
Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however,
that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for
exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as
a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all
Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another
established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

 

vii.       Closing
of Books. The Company will not close its shareholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant,
pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

e)             Holder’s
Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise
any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise
as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting
as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)),
would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).  For purposes of the foregoing sentence,
the number of Common Shares beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of Warrant
Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of
Warrant Shares which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, non-exercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned
by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or non-converted
portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Share Equivalents) subject to a limitation
on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution
Parties.  Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated
in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged
by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of
the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that
the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation
to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is
exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s
determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates
and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation,
and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any
group status as contemplated above shall be determined by the Holder in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and
the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding
Common Shares, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding Common Shares as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic
or annual report filed with or furnished to the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company
or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of Common Shares outstanding. 
Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder
the number of Common Shares then outstanding.  In any case, the number of outstanding Common Shares shall be determined after giving
effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution
Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding Common Shares was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”
shall be 4.99% (or, upon election by a Holder prior to the issuance of any Warrants, 9.99%) of the number of Common Shares outstanding
immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the
Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of Common Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance
of Warrant Shares upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to
apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice
is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict
conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent
with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly
give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.

 

     

     

    

  

Section 3.             Certain
Adjustments.

 

a)            Share
Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a share dividend or otherwise makes
a distribution or distributions on its Common Shares or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in Common Shares (which,
for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any Warrant Shares issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides
outstanding Common Shares into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse share split) outstanding Common
Shares into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of the Common Shares any shares of capital stock of the
Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of Common Shares
(excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of Common
Shares outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately
adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged, provided that the Exercise Price per share shall
in any case be no lower than the par value of the Common Shares. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become
effective immediately after the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and
shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

 

b)            Intentionally
omitted.

 

c)            Subsequent
Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues
or sells any Common Share Equivalents or rights to purchase shares, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders
of any class of Common Shares (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms
applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number
of Warrant Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without
limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale
of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Common Shares are to be determined
for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s
right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder
shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such Warrant Shares as a result
of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time,
if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

 

d)            Pro
Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution
of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Common Shares, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without
limitation, any distribution of cash, shares or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification,
corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after
the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent
that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of Warrant Shares acquirable upon complete exercise
of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation)
immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the
record holders of Common Shares are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however,
that, to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership
of any Common Shares as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for
the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation).

 

     

     

    

  

e)            Fundamental
Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related
transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly,
effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one
or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the
Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Shares are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares
for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Shares, (iv) the
Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization
of the Common Shares or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Shares are effectively converted into or exchanged
for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates
a share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off
or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding
Common Shares (not including any Common Shares held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated
with the other Persons making or party to, such share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a “Fundamental
Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant
Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option
of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of Common Shares
of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the
 “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of Warrant
Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on
the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted
to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one Common Share in such
Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting
the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Shares are given any choice as to
the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the
Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything
to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s
option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within thirty (30) days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or,
if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying
to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant
on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, if the Fundamental Transaction
is not within the Company's control, including not approved by the Company's Board of Directors, the Holder shall only be entitled to
receive from the Company or any Successor Entity, as of the date of consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, the same type or form
of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered
and paid to the holders of Common Shares of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be
in the form of cash, shares or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Shares are given the choice to receive from among
alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if
holders of Common Shares of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common
Shares will be deemed to have received common shares of the Successor Entity (which may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction)
in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option
Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“Bloomberg”) determined as of the day
of consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding
to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental
Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the 100 day volatility obtained from the HVT function on
Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of
the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater
of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being
offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding
the announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier)
and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder’s request pursuant to this Section 3(e), and (D) a remaining option time equal
to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date
and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds
(or such other consideration) within the later of (i) five Business Days of the Holder’s election and (ii) the date of
consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company
is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this
Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(e) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably
satisfactory to the Holder prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange
for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this
Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent
to the Warrant Shares acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this
Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of
capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the Common Shares pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value
of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the
economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory
in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and
be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant referring to the “Company”
shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations
of the Company under this Warrant with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein.

 

     

     

    

  

f)            Calculations.
All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For
purposes of this Section 3, the number of Common Shares deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of
the number of Common Shares (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

 

g)            Notice
to Holder.

 

i.       Adjustment
to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly
deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment
to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

 

     

     

    

 

ii.       Notice
to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the
Common Shares, (B) the Company shall declare a special non-recurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Shares, (C) the
Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Shares rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of
capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any shareholders of the Company shall be required in connection
with any reclassification of the Common Shares, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all
or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Shares are converted into other
securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding
up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Holder at its
last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 5 calendar days prior to
the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for
the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the
holders of the Common Shares of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined
or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective
or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Shares of record shall be entitled to exchange their Common
Shares for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange;
provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the
corporate action required to be specified in such notice, and provided, further that no notice shall be required if the information is
disseminated in a press release or document filed with the Commission. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes,
or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file
such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant
during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise
be expressly set forth herein.

 

Section 4.             Transfer
of Warrant.

 

a)            Transferability.
This Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part,
upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this
Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any
transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute
and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations
specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so
assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required
to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall
surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to
the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder
for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

 

b)            New
Warrants. If this Warrant is not held in global form through DTC (or any successor depositary), this Warrant may be divided or combined
with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names
and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a),
as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants
in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or
exchanges shall be dated the Original Issue Date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant
Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

 

     

     

    

  

c)            Warrant
Register. The Warrant Agent (or, if this Warrant is not held in global form through DTC (or any successor depositary), the Company)
shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Warrant Agent (or, if this Warrant is not held in global form through
DTC (or any successor depositary), the Company) for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record
Holder hereof from time to time. The Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute
owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice
to the contrary.

 

Section 5.             Miscellaneous.

 

a)            No
Rights as Shareholder Until Exercise. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as
a shareholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3.

 

b)            Loss,
Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any share certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case
of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include
the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or share certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make
and deliver a new Warrant or share certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or share certificate.

 

c)            Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or
granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business
Day.

 

d)            Authorized
Shares.

 

The Company covenants
that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Shares a sufficient number
of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further
covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the
necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action
as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation,
or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Shares may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares
which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented
by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable
and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any
transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

 

Except and to the
extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate
of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or
any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all
times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate
to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the
Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately
prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly
and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable
efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may
be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

 

     

     

    

  

Before taking any
action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price,
the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory
body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

 

e)            Governing
Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and
construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of
law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions
contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders,
partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York.
Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough
of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed
herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally
subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding.
Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding
by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address
in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and
notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted
by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in
such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and
expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

 

f)            Restrictions.
The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not
utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

 

g)            Non-waiver
and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as
a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this
Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages
to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but
not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts
due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

 

h)            Notices.
Any notices, consents, waivers or other document or communications required or permitted to be given or delivered under the terms
of this Warrant, including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered:
(i) upon receipt, if delivered personally; (ii) when sent, if sent by facsimile (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically
or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party); (iii) when sent, if sent by e-mail (provided that such sent e-mail
is kept on file (whether electronically or otherwise) by the sending party and the sending party does not receive an automatically generated
message from the recipient’s e-mail server that such e-mail could not be delivered to such recipient) and (iv) if sent by overnight
courier service, one (1) Trading Day after deposit with an overnight courier service with next day delivery specified, in each case,
properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses, facsimile numbers and e-mail addresses for such communications shall
be:

 

     

     

    

 

If to the Company:

 

XORTX Therapeutics, Inc.

Suite 3710 – 33rd
Street NW 

Alberta, British Columbia 

Canada T2L 2MI 

Attention: Allen Davidoff, Ph.D., Chief
Executive Officer 

Telephone number: (403) 607-2621 

Email address: adavidoff@xortx.com

 

with a copy (which shall not constitute
notice) to:

 

Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders
LLP 

401 9th Street, N.W.,
Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004 

Attention: Thomas M. Rose 

Email: Thomas.Rose@troutman.com

 

If to a Holder, to its address, facsimile
number or e-mail address set forth herein or on the books and records of the Company.

 

i)            Limitation
of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant
Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase
price of any Warrant Shares or as a shareholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the
Company.

 

j)            Remedies.
The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific
performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss
incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any
action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

 

k)           Successors
and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the
benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder.
The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable
by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

 

l)            Amendment.
This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and
the Holder or the beneficial owner of this Warrant, on the other hand.

 

m)          Severability.
Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law,
but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the
extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

 

n)           Headings.
The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

 

o)           Warrant
Agency Agreement. If this Warrant is held in global form through DTC (or any successor depositary), this Warrant is issued subject
to the Warrant Agency Agreement. To the extent any provision of this Warrant conflicts with the express provisions of the Warrant Agency
Agreement, the provisions of this Warrant shall govern and be controlling.

 

********************

 

(Signature Page Follows)

 

 

     

     

    

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company
has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

 

	 	XORTX THERAPEUTICS, INC.
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Name:
	 	 	Title:

 

     

     

    

 

EXHIBIT A

 

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

 

	TO:	XORTX THERAPEUTICS, INC.

 

(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase
________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith
payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

 

(2) Payment shall take the form of (check
applicable box):

 

 ̈ in
lawful money of the United States; or

 

 ̈ if
permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in Section 2(c),
to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure
set forth in Section 2(c).

 

(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the
name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

 

	 	 

 

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following
DWAC Account Number:

 

	 	 
	 	 
	 	 
	 	 
	 	 

 

[SIGNATURE
OF HOLDER]

 

	Name of Investing Entity:	 	 

 

	Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:	 	 

 

	Name of Authorized Signatory:	 	 
	 	 	 
	Title of Authorized Signatory:	 	 

 

	Date:	 	 

 

     

     

    

   

EXHIBIT B

 

ASSIGNMENT FORM

 

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this
form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and
all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

 

	Name:	 	 
	 	(Please Print)	 
	 	 	 
	Address:	 	 
	 	(Please Print)	 
	 	 	 
	Phone Number:	 	 
	 	 	 
	Email Address:	 	 
	 	 	 
	Dated:____________ _____, ______	 	 

 

	Holder’s Signature:	 	 
	 	 	 
	Holder’s Address:

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