Document:

Exhibit 10.3

 

THIS PROMISSORY NOTE (THIS “NOTE”)
AND THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH IT MAY BE CONVERTED HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES
ACT”), OR UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. THESE SECURITIES ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERABILITY AND RESALE.  THIS
NOTE HAS BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT ONLY AND THIS NOTE AND THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH IT MAY BE CONVERTED MAY NOT BE SOLD, TRANSFERRED
OR ASSIGNED EXCEPT AS PERMITTED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND THE APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, PURSUANT TO REGISTRATION OR EXEMPTION
THEREFROM. INVESTORS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THEY MAY BE REQUIRED TO BEAR THE FINANCIAL RISKS OF THIS INVESTMENT FOR AN INDEFINITE PERIOD
OF TIME. THE COMPANY MAY REQUIRE AN OPINION OF COUNSEL REASONABLY SATISFACTORY IN FORM, SCOPE AND SUBSTANCE TO THE COMPANY TO THE EFFECT
THAT ANY SALE OR OTHER DISPOSITION IS IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE SECURITIES ACT AND ANY APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS.  

 

SOCIAL LEVERAGE
ACQUISITION SPONSOR I LLC

PROMISSORY NOTE

 

	Principal Amount: $[●]	Dated as of [●], 2022

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED and subject to the terms and conditions
set forth herein, Social Leverage Acquisition Sponsor I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Maker”), promises
to pay the amount of [●] U.S. Dollars to [●] (“Payee”), together with all accrued and unpaid interest due
on such outstanding balance, in lawful money of the United States of America. All payments on this Note shall be made by check or wire
transfer of immediately available funds or as otherwise determined by Maker to such account as Payee may from time to time designate by
written notice in accordance with the provisions of this Note.

 

1. Principal.
All unpaid principal under this Note shall only be due and payable ten business days following the effective date by which Social
Leverage Acquisition Corp. I completes a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar
business combination with one or more businesses (a “Business Combination”) pursuant to its Amended and Restated Certificate
of Incorporation (as may be amended from time to time) (the “Maturity Date”), unless accelerated upon the occurrence
of an Event of Default (as defined below). If no Maturity Date is triggered, then the amount of this promissory note will be treated as
a Capital Contribution pursuant to Article III of the Maker’s Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement.
Any outstanding principal under this Note may be prepaid at any time by Maker, at its election and without penalty. Under no circumstances
shall any individual, including but not limited to any officer, director, employee or shareholder of Maker, be obligated personally for
any obligations or liabilities of Maker hereunder.

 

2. Interest.
From the date hereof until the payment in full of this Note, the unpaid principal balance of this Note shall bear interest at the rate
of 10% per annum and shall be due and payable in full on the Maturity Date, if any.

 

3. Application
of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this
Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorney’s fees, then to payment in full of any accrued and unpaid interest on this
Note, and then to the payment in full of any late charges and finally to the reduction of the unpaid principal balance of this Note.

 

     

     

    

 

4. Events
of Default. The occurrence of any of the following shall constitute an event of default (“Event of Default”):

 

(a) Failure
to Make Required Payments. Failure by Maker to pay the principal amount and interest due pursuant to this Note on the Maturity Date,
if any.

 

(b) Voluntary
Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation
or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian,
sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for
the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action
by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

 

(c) Involuntary
Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of Maker in an
involuntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian,
trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation
of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of sixty (60) consecutive days.

 

5. Remedies.

 

(a) Upon
the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 4(a) hereof, Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be
due immediately and payable, whereupon the unpaid principal amount of this Note, and all other amounts payable thereunder, shall become
immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived,
anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

 

(b) Upon
the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 4(b) or 4(c), the unpaid principal balance of this Note, and all other sums
payable with regard to this Note, shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part
of Payee.

 

6. Waivers.
Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest,
and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the
terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or
personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing
for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that
may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such
writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

 

7. Unconditional
Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the
payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall
not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee,
and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment
or other provisions of this Note, and agrees that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without
notice to Maker or affecting Maker’s liability hereunder.

 

    2

     

    

 

8. Notices.
All notices, statements or other documents which are required or contemplated by this Note shall be: (i) in writing and delivered
personally or sent by first class registered or certified mail, overnight courier service or facsimile or electronic transmission to the
address designated in writing, (ii) by facsimile to the number most recently provided to such party or such other address or fax number
as may be designated in writing by such party or (iii) by electronic mail, to the electronic mail address most recently provided to such
party or such other electronic mail address as may be designated in writing by such party. Any notice or other communication so transmitted
shall be deemed to have been given on the day of delivery, if delivered personally, on the business day following receipt of written confirmation,
if sent by facsimile or electronic transmission, one (1) business day after delivery to an overnight courier service or five (5) days
after mailing if sent by mail.

 

9. Construction.
THIS NOTE SHALL BE CONSTRUED AND ENFORCED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF NEW YORK.

 

10. Severability.
Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective
to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or
unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

 

11. Amendment;
Waiver. Any amendment hereto or waiver of any provision hereof may be made with, and only with, the written consent of Maker and Payee.

 

12. Successors
and Assigns.  Subject to the restrictions on transfer in Section 13 below, the rights and obligations of Maker and Payee
hereunder shall be binding upon and benefit the successors, assigns, heirs, administrators and transferees of any party hereto (by operation
of law or otherwise) with the prior written consent of the other party hereto and any attempted assignment without the required consent
shall be void.

 

13. Acknowledgment.
Payee is acquiring this Note for investment for its own account, not as a nominee or agent, and not with a view to, or for resale in connection
with, any distribution thereof. Payee understands that the acquisition of this Note involves substantial risk. Payee has experience as
an investor in securities of companies and acknowledges that it is able to fend for itself, can bear the economic risk of its investment
in this Note, and has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that it is capable of evaluating the merits and
risks of this investment in this Note and protecting its own interests in connection with this investment.

 

[Signature page follows]

 

    3

     

    

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be
legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be duly executed by the undersigned as of the day and year first above written.

 

	 	SOCIAL LEVERAGE ACQUISITION SPONSOR I LLC
	 	 	 	 
	 	By: 	
	 	 	Name: 	                                
	 	 	 	 
	 	 	Title:	 

 

	Acknowledged and agreed as of the day and year first above written.	 
	 	 	 	 
	[●]	 
	 	 
	By: 	    	 
	 	Name: 	                   	 
	 	Title: 	 	 
	 	 	 	 

 

[Signature Page to Promissory Note]

 

4Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. 8-K

Exhibit
10.01

 

PURCHASE
AGREEMENT

 

PURCHASE
AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”), dated as of August 16, 2022, by and between TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING
CORP., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), LINCOLN PARK CAPITAL FUND, LLC, an Illinois limited
liability company (the “Investor”).

 

WHEREAS:

 

Subject
to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, the Company wishes to sell to the Investor, and the Investor wishes to
buy from the Company, up to Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share
(the “Common Stock”). The shares of Common Stock to be purchased hereunder are referred to herein as the “Purchase
Shares.”

 

NOW
THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration,
the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Investor hereby agree as follows:

 

		1.	CERTAIN
DEFINITIONS.

 

For
purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

(a)          “Accelerated
Purchase Date” means, with respect to an Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(b) hereof, the Business
Day immediately following the applicable Regular Purchase Date with respect to the corresponding Regular Purchase referred to
in clause (i) of the second sentence of Section 2(b) hereof.

 

(b)          “Accelerated
Purchase Floor Price” means, with respect to an Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(b) hereof, $0.20,
which shall be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar
transaction and, effective upon the consummation of any such reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split
or other similar transaction, the Accelerated Purchase Floor Price shall mean the lower of (i) the adjusted price and (ii)
$0.20.

 

(c)          “Accelerated
Purchase Minimum Price Threshold” means, with respect to an Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(b)
hereof, the minimum per share price threshold set forth by the Company (if any) in the applicable Accelerated Purchase Notice.

 

(d)          “Accelerated
Purchase Notice” means, with respect to an Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(b) hereof, an irrevocable
written notice from the Company to the Investor directing the Investor to purchase the number of Purchase Shares specified by
the Company therein as the Accelerated Purchase Share Amount to be purchased by the Investor (such specified Accelerated Purchase
Share Amount subject to adjustment in accordance with Section 2(b) hereof as necessary to give effect to the Purchase Share
amount limitations applicable to such Accelerated Purchase Share Amount as set forth in this Agreement) at the applicable Accelerated
Purchase Price on the applicable Accelerated Purchase Date for such Accelerated Purchase.

 

(e)          “Accelerated
Purchase Price” means, with respect to an Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(b) hereof, ninety-seven
percent (97%) of the lower of (i) the VWAP for the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., Eastern time, on the applicable Accelerated
Purchase Date, or such other time publicly announced by the Principal Market as the official open (or commencement) of trading
on the Principal Market on such applicable Accelerated Purchase Date, or such later time on the applicable Accelerated Purchase
Date as mutually agreed by the Company and the Investor and set forth in the applicable Accelerated Purchase Notice for such Accelerated
Purchase (the “Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time”), and ending at the earliest of (A) 4:00:00 p.m., Eastern
time, on such applicable Accelerated Purchase Date, or such other time publicly announced by the Principal Market as the official
close of trading on the Principal Market on such applicable Accelerated Purchase Date, (B) such time, from and after the Accelerated
Purchase Commencement Time for such Accelerated Purchase, that the total number (or volume) of shares of Common Stock traded on
the Principal Market has exceeded the applicable Accelerated Purchase Share Volume Maximum, and (C) such time, from and after
the Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time for such Accelerated Purchase, that the Sale Price has fallen below the applicable
Accelerated Purchase Minimum Price Threshold (if any) (such earliest of (i)(A), (i)(B) and (i)(C) above, the “Accelerated
Purchase Ending Time”), and (ii) the Closing Sale Price of the Common Stock on such applicable Accelerated Purchase
Date (to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split
or other similar transaction).

 

     

     

    

 

(f)          “Accelerated
Purchase Share Amount” means, with respect to an Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(b) hereof, the
number of Purchase Shares directed by the Company to be purchased by the Investor in an applicable Accelerated Purchase Notice,
which number of Purchase Shares shall not exceed the lesser of (i) 300% of the number of Purchase Shares directed by the Company
to be purchased by the Investor pursuant to the corresponding Regular Purchase referred to in clause (i)(A) of the second sentence
of Section 2(b) hereof (such corresponding Regular Purchase being subject to the applicable Regular Purchase Share Limit)
and (ii) an amount equal to (A) the Accelerated Purchase Share Percentage multiplied by (B) the total number (or volume) of shares
of Common Stock traded on the Principal Market during the period on the applicable Accelerated Purchase Date beginning at the
Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time for such Accelerated Purchase and ending at the Accelerated Purchase Ending Time for such
Accelerated Purchase; provided, however, that that the parties may mutually agree to increase the Accelerated Purchase
Share Amount applicable to any Accelerated Purchase.

 

(g)         “Accelerated
Purchase Share Percentage” means, with respect to an Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(b) hereof,
thirty percent (30%).

 

(h)         “Accelerated
Purchase Share Volume Maximum” means, with respect to an Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(b) hereof,
a number of shares of Common Stock equal to (i) the number of Purchase Shares specified by the Company in the applicable Accelerated
Purchase Notice as the Accelerated Purchase Share Amount to be purchased by the Investor in such Accelerated Purchase, divided
by (ii) the Accelerated Purchase Share Percentage (to be appropriately adjusted for any applicable reorganization, recapitalization,
non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction).

 

(i)          “Additional
Accelerated Purchase Date” means, with respect to an Additional Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(c)
hereof, the Business Day (i) that is the Accelerated Purchase Date with respect to the corresponding Accelerated Purchase
referred to in clause (i) of the proviso in the second sentence of Section 2(c) hereof and (ii) on which the Investor receives,
prior to 1:00 p.m., Eastern time, on such Business Day, a valid Additional Accelerated Purchase Notice for such Additional Accelerated
Purchase in accordance with this Agreement.

 

(j)          “Additional
Accelerated Purchase Minimum Price Threshold” means, with respect to an Additional Accelerated Purchase made pursuant
to Section 2(c) hereof, the minimum per share price threshold (if any) set forth by the Company in the applicable Additional
Accelerated Purchase Notice.

 

    -2- 

     

    

 

(k)         “Additional
Accelerated Purchase Notice” means, with respect to an Additional Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(c)
hereof, an irrevocable written notice from the Company to the Investor directing the Investor to purchase the number of Purchase
Shares specified by the Company therein as the Additional Accelerated Purchase Share Amount to be purchased by the Investor (such
specified Additional Accelerated Purchase Share Amount subject to adjustment in accordance with Section 2(c) hereof as
necessary to give effect to the Purchase Share amount limitations applicable to such Additional Accelerated Purchase Share Amount
as set forth in this Agreement) at the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase Price on the applicable Additional Accelerated
Purchase Date for such Additional Accelerated Purchase.

 

(l)          “Additional
Accelerated Purchase Price” means, with respect to an Additional Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(c)
hereof, ninety-seven percent (97%) of the lower of (i) the VWAP for the period on the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase
Date, beginning at the time mutually agreed by the Company and the Investor and set forth in the applicable Additional Accelerated
Purchase Notice delivered by the Company to the Investor with respect to such Additional Accelerated Purchase, which shall not
be earlier than the latest of (A) the applicable Accelerated Purchase Ending Time with respect to the corresponding Accelerated
Purchase referred to in clause (i) of the proviso in the second sentence of Section 2(c) hereof on such Additional Accelerated
Purchase Date, (B) the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase Ending Time with respect to the most recently completed prior
Additional Accelerated Purchase on such Additional Accelerated Purchase Date, as applicable, and (C) the time at which all Purchase
Shares subject to all prior Accelerated Purchases and Additional Accelerated Purchases (as applicable), including, without limitation,
those that have been effected on the same Business Day as the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase Date with respect to
which the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase relates, have theretofore been received by the Investor as DWAC Shares in
accordance with this Agreement (such mutually agreed beginning time, the “Additional Accelerated Purchase Commencement
Time”), and ending at the earliest of (X) 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, on such Additional Accelerated Purchase Date, or
such other time publicly announced by the Principal Market as the official close of trading on the Principal Market on such Additional
Accelerated Purchase Date, (Y) such time, from and after the Additional Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time for such Additional
Accelerated Purchase, that total number (or volume) of shares of Common Stock traded on the Principal Market has exceeded the
applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase Share Volume Maximum, and (Z) such time, from and after the Additional Accelerated
Purchase Commencement Time for such Additional Accelerated Purchase, that the Sale Price has fallen below the applicable Additional
Accelerated Purchase Minimum Price Threshold (if any) (such earliest of (i)(X), (i)(Y) and (i)(Z) above, the “Additional
Accelerated Purchase Ending Time”), and (ii) the Closing Sale Price of the Common Stock on such Additional Accelerated
Purchase Date (to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse
stock split or other similar transaction).

 

(m)        “Additional
Accelerated Purchase Share Amount” means, with respect to an Additional Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section
2(c) hereof, the number of Purchase Shares directed by the Company to be purchased by the Investor on an Additional Accelerated
Purchase Notice, which number of Purchase Shares shall not exceed the lesser of (i) 300% of the number of Purchase Shares directed
by the Company to be purchased by the Investor pursuant to the corresponding Regular Purchase referred to in clause (i)(A) of
the second sentence of Section 2(b) hereof (such corresponding Regular Purchase being subject to the applicable Regular
Purchase Share Limit) and (ii) an amount equal to (A) the Additional Accelerated Purchase Share Percentage multiplied by (B) the
total number (or volume) of shares of Common Stock traded on the Principal Market during the period on the applicable Additional
Accelerated Purchase Date beginning at the Additional Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time for such Additional Accelerated Purchase
and ending at the Additional Accelerated Purchase Ending Time for such Additional Accelerated Purchase; provided, however,
that that the parties may mutually agree to increase the Additional Accelerated Purchase Share Amount applicable to any Additional
Accelerated Purchase.

 

    -3- 

     

    

 

(n)          “Additional
Accelerated Purchase Share Percentage” means, with respect to an Additional Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to Section
2(c) hereof, thirty percent (30%).

 

(o)          “Additional
Accelerated Purchase Share Volume Maximum” means, with respect to an Additional Accelerated Purchase made pursuant to
Section 2(c) hereof, a number of shares of Common Stock equal to (i) the number of Purchase Shares specified by the Company
in the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase Notice as the Additional Accelerated Purchase Share Amount to be purchased by
the Investor in such Additional Accelerated Purchase, divided by (ii) the Additional Accelerated Purchase Share Percentage (to
be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other
similar transaction).

 

(p)          “Alternate
Adjusted Regular Purchase Share Limit” means, with respect to a Regular Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(a)
hereof, the maximum number of Purchase Shares which, taking into account the applicable per share Regular Purchase Price therefor
calculated in accordance with this Agreement, would enable the Company to deliver to the Investor, on the applicable Regular Purchase
Date for such Regular Purchase, a Regular Purchase Notice for a Purchase Amount equal to, or as closely approximating without
exceeding, Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000).

 

(q)
        “Available Amount” means, initially, Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000)
in the aggregate, which amount shall be reduced by the Purchase Amount each time the Investor purchases Purchase Shares pursuant
to Section 2 hereof.

 

(r)           “Average
Price” means a price per Purchase Share (rounded to the nearest tenth of a cent) equal to the quotient obtained by dividing
(i) the aggregate gross purchase price paid by the Investor for all Purchase Shares purchased pursuant to this Agreement, by (ii)
the aggregate number of Purchase Shares issued pursuant to this Agreement.

 

(s)          “Bankruptcy
Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

 

(t)           “Base
Price” means a price per Purchase Share equal to the sum of (i) the Signing Market Price and (ii) $0.1105 (subject
to adjustment for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction
that occurs on or after the date of this Agreement).

 

(u)          “Base
Prospectus” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Registration Rights Agreement.

 

(v)          “Business
Day” means any day on which the Principal Market is open for trading, including any day on which the Principal Market
is open for trading for a period of time less than the customary time.

 

(w)         “Closing
Sale Price” means, for any security as of any date, the last closing sale price for such security on the Principal Market
as reported by the Principal Market.

 

(x)          “Confidential
Information” means any information disclosed by either party to the other party, either directly or indirectly, in writing,
orally or by inspection of tangible objects (including, without limitation, documents, prototypes, samples, plant and equipment),
which is designated as “Confidential,” “Proprietary” or some similar designation. Information communicated
orally shall be considered Confidential Information if such information is confirmed in writing as being Confidential Information
within ten (10) Business Days after the initial disclosure. Confidential Information may also include information disclosed to
a disclosing party by third parties. Confidential Information shall not, however, include any information which (i) was publicly
known and made generally available in the public domain prior to the time of disclosure by the disclosing party; (ii) becomes
publicly known and made generally available after disclosure by the disclosing party to the receiving party through no action
or inaction of the receiving party; (iii) is already in the possession of the receiving party without confidential restriction
at the time of disclosure by the disclosing party as shown by the receiving party’s files and records immediately prior
to the time of disclosure; (iv) is obtained by the receiving party from a third party without a breach of such third party’s
obligations of confidentiality; (v) is independently developed by the receiving party without use of or reference to the disclosing
party’s Confidential Information, as shown by documents and other competent evidence in the receiving party’s possession;
or (vi) is required by law to be disclosed by the receiving party, provided that the receiving party gives the disclosing party
prompt written notice of such requirement prior to such disclosure and assistance in obtaining an order protecting the information
from public disclosure.

 

    -4- 

     

    

 

(y)          “Custodian”
means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

 

(z)          “DTC”
means The Depository Trust Company, or any successor performing substantially the same function for the Company.

 

(aa)        “DWAC
Shares” means shares of Common Stock that are (i) issued in electronic form, (ii) freely tradable and transferable and
without restriction on resale and (iii) timely credited by the Company to the Investor’s or its designee’s specified
Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian (DWAC) account with DTC under its Fast Automated Securities Transfer (FAST) Program, or any similar
program hereafter adopted by DTC performing substantially the same function.

 

(bb)       
 “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder.

 

(cc)        “Floor
Price” means, with respect to a Regular Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof, $0.10, which shall be
appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction and,
effective upon the consummation of any such reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar
transaction, the Floor Price shall mean the lower of (i) the adjusted price and (ii) $0.10.

 

(dd)        “Fully
Adjusted Regular Purchase Share Limit” means, with respect to any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend,
stock split or other similar transaction from and after the date of this Agreement, the Regular Purchase Share Limit (as defined
in Section 2(a) hereof) in effect on the applicable date of determination, after giving effect to the full proportionate
adjustment thereto made pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof for or in respect of such reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash
dividend, stock split or other similar transaction.

 

(ee)         “Initial
Prospectus Supplement” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Registration Rights Agreement.

 

(ff)          “Material
Adverse Effect” means any material adverse effect on (i) the enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) the
results of operations, assets, business or financial condition of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, other than
any material adverse effect that resulted primarily from (A) any change in the United States or foreign economies or securities
or financial markets in general that does not have a disproportionate effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole,
(B) any change that generally affects the industry in which the Company and its Subsidiaries operate that does not have a
disproportionate effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (C) any change arising in connection with
earthquakes, hostilities, acts of war, sabotage or terrorism or military actions or any escalation or material worsening of any
such hostilities, acts of war, sabotage or terrorism or military actions existing as of the date hereof, (D) any action taken
by the Investor, its affiliates or its or their successors and assigns with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,
(E) the effect of any change in applicable laws or accounting rules that does not have a disproportionate effect on the Company
and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (F) any change resulting from compliance with terms of this Agreement or the consummation
of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, or (iii) the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect
on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document to be performed as of the date of determination.

 

    -5- 

     

    

 

(gg)        “Maturity
Date” means the first day of the month immediately following the thirty-six (36) month anniversary of the Commencement
Date.

 

(hh)        “Person”
means an individual or entity including but not limited to any limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation,
a trust, an unincorporated organization and a government or any department or agency thereof.

 

(ii)          “Principal
Market” means The Nasdaq Global Market (or any nationally recognized successor thereto); provided however, that in the
event the Company’s Common Stock is ever listed or traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market, The Nasdaq Global Select Market,
the New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE American, the NYSE Arca, or the OTCQX or OTCQB operated by the OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or
any nationally recognized successors thereto), then the “Principal Market” shall mean such other market or exchange
on which the Company’s Common Stock is then listed or traded or any successor thereto.

 

(jj)          “Prospectus”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Registration Rights Agreement.

 

(kk)        “Prospectus
Supplement” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Registration Rights Agreement.

 

(ll)           “Purchase
Amount” means, with respect to a Regular Purchase, an Accelerated Purchase or an Additional Accelerated Purchase made
hereunder, as applicable, the portion of the Available Amount to be purchased by the Investor pursuant to Section 2 hereof.

 

(mm)       “Registration
Statement” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Registration Rights Agreement.

 

(nn)        “Regular
Purchase Date” means, with respect to a Regular Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof, the Business Day
on which the Investor receives, after 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but prior to 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on such Business Day, a valid
Regular Purchase Notice for such Regular Purchase in accordance with this Agreement.

 

(oo)        “Regular
Purchase Notice” means, with respect to a Regular Purchase pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof, an irrevocable written
notice from the Company to the Investor directing the Investor to buy a specified number of Purchase Shares (subject to the Purchase
Share limitations contained in Section 2(a) hereof) at the applicable Regular Purchase Price for such Regular Purchase
in accordance with this Agreement.

 

    -6- 

     

    

 

(pp)        “Regular
Purchase Price” means, with respect to a Regular Purchase made pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof, the lower of:
(i) the lowest Sale Price on the applicable Regular Purchase Date for such Regular Purchase and (ii) the arithmetic average of
the three (3) lowest Closing Sale Prices for the Common Stock during the ten (10) consecutive Business Days ending on the Business
Day immediately preceding such Regular Purchase Date for such Regular Purchase (in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for
any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or after the
date of this Agreement).

 

(qq)        “Regular
Purchase Share Limit” means, with respect to a Regular Purchase pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof, Two Hundred
Thousand (200,000) Purchase Shares, subject to adjustment as set forth below; provided, however, that (i) the Regular
Purchase Share Limit shall be increased to Two Hundred Fifty Thousand (250,000) Purchase Shares, if the Closing Sale Price of
the Common Stock on the applicable Regular Purchase Date is not below $1.50, and (ii) the Regular Purchase Share Limit shall be
increased to Three Hundred Thousand (300,000) Purchase Shares, if the Closing Sale Price of the Common Stock on the applicable
Regular Purchase Date is not below $1.75 (all of which share and dollar amounts shall be appropriately proportionately adjusted
for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction; provided that if,
after giving effect to the full proportionate adjustment to the Regular Purchase Share Limit therefor, the Fully Adjusted Regular
Purchase Share Limit then in effect would preclude the Company from delivering to the Investor, on a Regular Purchase Date for
a Regular Purchase hereunder, a Regular Purchase Notice for a Purchase Amount equal to or greater than Five Hundred Thousand Dollars
($500,000) (which shall be determined by multiplying (X) the Fully Adjusted Regular Purchase Share Limit then in effect on such
Regular Purchase Date, by (Y) the applicable Regular Purchase Price per Purchase Share for such Regular Purchase calculated in
accordance with this Agreement), the Regular Purchase Share Limit shall equal the applicable Alternate Adjusted Regular Purchase
Share Limit); and provided, further, however, that the parties may mutually agree to increase the Regular
Purchase Share Limit applicable to any Regular Purchase; provided that the Investor’s maximum committed obligation
under any single Regular Purchase, other than any Regular Purchase with respect to which an Alternate Adjusted Regular Purchase
Share Limit shall apply, shall not exceed Two Million (2,000,000) Purchase Shares (to be appropriately proportionately adjusted
for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction).

 

(rr)          “Sale
Price” means any trade price for the shares of Common Stock on the Principal Market as reported by the Principal Market.

 

(ss)         “SEC”
means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

(tt)
         “Securities” means, collectively, the Purchase Shares and the Commitment Shares.

 

(uu)        “Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

 

    -7- 

     

    

 

(vv)       
“Signing Market Price” means $1.45, representing the average official closing price of the Common Stock on The Nasdaq
Capital Market (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) for the five (5) consecutive trading days ending on the date of this Agreement.

 

(ww)       “Subsidiary”
means any Person the Company wholly-owns or controls, or in which the Company, directly or indirectly, owns a majority of the
voting stock or similar voting interest, in each case that would be disclosable pursuant to Item 601(b)(21) of Regulation S-K
promulgated under the Securities Act.

 

(xx)         “Transaction
Documents” means, collectively, this Agreement and the schedules and exhibits hereto, the Registration Rights Agreement
and the schedules and exhibits thereto, and each of the other agreements, documents, certificates and instruments entered into
or furnished by the parties hereto in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby.

 

(yy)
       “Transfer Agent” means vStock Transfer, LLC, or such other Person who is then serving as the transfer agent
for the Company in respect of the Common Stock.

 

(zz)         “VWAP”
means in respect of an Accelerated Purchase Date and an Additional Accelerated Purchase Date, as applicable, the volume weighted
average price of the Common Stock on the Principal Market, as reported on the Principal Market or by another reputable source
such as Bloomberg, L.P.

 

2.
PURCHASE OF COMMON STOCK. 

 

Subject
to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, the Company has the right to sell to the Investor, and the Investor has
the obligation to purchase from the Company, Purchase Shares as follows:

 

(a)          Commencement
of Regular Sales of Common Stock. Upon the satisfaction of all of the conditions set forth in Sections 7 and 8
hereof (the “Commencement” and the date of satisfaction of such conditions the “Commencement Date”),
and thereafter, the Company shall have the right, but not the obligation, to direct the Investor, by its delivery to the Investor
of a Regular Purchase Notice from time to time in accordance with this Agreement, to purchase up to the Regular Purchase Share
Limit at the applicable Regular Purchase Price on the applicable Regular Purchase Date (each such purchase a “Regular
Purchase”). The Company may deliver a Regular Purchase Notice to the Investor as often as every Business Day, so long
as (i) the Closing Sale Price of the Common Stock on such Business Day is not less than the Floor Price and (ii) all Purchase
Shares subject to all prior Regular Purchases have theretofore been received by the Investor as DWAC Shares in accordance with
this Agreement.

 

(b)          Accelerated
Purchases. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, from and after the Commencement Date, in addition to purchases
of Purchase Shares as described in Section 2(a) above, the Company shall also have the right, but not the obligation, to
direct the Investor, by its delivery to the Investor of an Accelerated Purchase Notice from time to time in accordance with this
Agreement, to purchase the applicable Accelerated Purchase Share Amount at the Accelerated Purchase Price on the Accelerated Purchase
Date therefor in accordance with this Agreement (each such purchase, an “Accelerated Purchase”). The Company
may deliver an Accelerated Purchase Notice to the Investor only (i) on a Regular Purchase Date on which (A) the Company also properly
submitted a Regular Purchase Notice for a Regular Purchase of not less than the Regular Purchase Share Limit then in effect and
(B) the Closing Sale Price of the Common Stock is not less than the Accelerated Purchase Floor Price, and (ii) if all Purchase
Shares subject to all Regular Purchases, Accelerated Purchases and Additional Accelerated Purchases prior to the Regular Purchase
Date referred to in clause (i) hereof (as applicable) have theretofore been received by the Investor as DWAC Shares in accordance
with this Agreement. Within one (1) Business Day after completion of each Accelerated Purchase Date for an Accelerated Purchase,
the Investor will provide to the Company a written confirmation of such Accelerated Purchase setting forth the applicable Accelerated
Purchase Share Amount and Accelerated Purchase Price for such Accelerated Purchase (each, an “Accelerated Purchase Confirmation”).

 

    -8- 

     

    

 

(c)          Additional
Accelerated Purchases. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, from and after the Commencement Date, in addition
to purchases of Purchase Shares as described in Section 2(a) and Section 2(b) above, the Company shall also have
the right, but not the obligation, to direct the Investor, by its timely delivery to the Investor of an Additional Accelerated
Purchase Notice on an Additional Accelerated Purchase Date in accordance with this Agreement, to purchase the applicable Additional
Accelerated Purchase Share Amount at the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase Price therefor in accordance with this Agreement
(each such purchase, an “Additional Accelerated Purchase”). The Company may deliver multiple Additional Accelerated
Purchase Notices to the Investor on an Additional Accelerated Purchase Date only (i) on a Business Day that is also the Accelerated
Purchase Date for an Accelerated Purchase with respect to which each of the conditions set forth in the second sentence of Section
2(b) have been satisfied, and (ii) if all Purchase Shares subject to all prior Regular Purchases, Accelerated Purchases and
Additional Accelerated Purchases, including, without limitation, those that have been effected on the same Business Day as the
applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase Date with respect to which the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase relates,
have theretofore been received by the Investor as DWAC Shares in accordance with this Agreement. The Investor will provide to
the Company a written confirmation of each Additional Accelerated Purchase on such Additional Accelerated Purchase Date setting
forth the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase Share Amount and Additional Accelerated Purchase Price for each such Additional
Accelerated Purchase on such Additional Accelerated Purchase Date in the Accelerated Purchase Confirmation for the related Accelerated
Purchase as provided in the last sentence of Section 2(b).

 

(d)          Excess
Share Limitations. If the Company delivers any Regular Purchase Notice for a Purchase Amount in excess of the Regular Purchase
Share Limit, such Regular Purchase Notice shall be void ab initio to the extent of the amount by which the number of Purchase
Shares set forth in such Regular Purchase Notice exceeds the number of Purchase Shares which the Company is permitted to include
in such Regular Purchase Notice in accordance herewith, and the Investor shall have no obligation to purchase such excess Purchase
Shares in respect of such Regular Purchase Notice; provided, however, that the Investor shall remain obligated to
purchase the number of Purchase Shares which the Company is permitted to include in such Regular Purchase Notice. If the Company
delivers any Accelerated Purchase Notice or Additional Accelerated Purchase Notice directing the Investor to purchase an amount
of Purchase Shares that exceeds the Accelerated Purchase Share Amount or Additional Accelerated Purchase Amount, as applicable,
that the Company is then permitted to include in such Accelerated Purchase Notice or Additional Accelerated Purchase Notice, respectively,
such Accelerated Purchase Notice or Additional Accelerated Purchase Notice, as applicable, shall be void ab initio to the
extent of the amount by which the number of Purchase Shares set forth in such Accelerated Purchase Notice or Additional Accelerated
Purchase Notice, as applicable, exceeds the Accelerated Purchase Share Amount or Additional Accelerated Purchase Amount, respectively,
that the Company is then permitted to include in such Accelerated Purchase Notice or Additional Accelerated Purchase Notice, respectively
(which shall be confirmed in an Accelerated Purchase Confirmation), and the Investor shall have no obligation to purchase such
excess Purchase Shares; provided, however, that the Investor shall remain obligated to purchase the Accelerated
Purchase Share Amount or Additional Accelerated Purchase Amount, as applicable, which the Company is permitted to include in such
Accelerated Purchase Notice or Additional Accelerated Purchase Notice, respectively.

 

    -9- 

     

    

 

(e)         
Payment for Purchase Shares. For each Regular Purchase, the Investor shall pay to the Company an amount equal to the Purchase
Amount with respect to such Regular Purchase as full payment for such Purchase Shares via wire transfer of immediately available
funds on the same Business Day that the Investor receives such Purchase Shares, if such Purchase Shares are received by the Investor
before 1:00 p.m., Eastern time, or, if such Purchase Shares are received by the Investor after 1:00 p.m., Eastern time, the next
Business Day. For each Accelerated Purchase and each Additional Accelerated Purchase, the Investor shall pay to the Company an
amount equal to the Purchase Amount with respect to such Accelerated Purchase and Additional Accelerated Purchase, respectively,
as full payment for such Purchase Shares via wire transfer of immediately available funds on the second (2nd) Business
Day following the date that the Investor receives such Purchase Shares. If the Company or the Transfer Agent shall fail for any
reason or for no reason to electronically transfer any Purchase Shares as DWAC Shares in respect of a Regular Purchase, an Accelerated
Purchase or an Additional Accelerated Purchase (as applicable) within two (2) Business Days following the receipt by the Company
of the Regular Purchase Price, Accelerated Purchase Price or Additional Accelerated Purchase Price (as applicable) therefor in
compliance with this Section 2(e), and if on or after such Business Day the Investor purchases (in an open market transaction
or otherwise) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Investor of such Purchase Shares that the Investor
anticipated receiving from the Company in respect of such Regular Purchase, Accelerated Purchase or Additional Accelerated Purchase,
then the Company shall, within two (2) Business Days after the Investor’s request, either (i) pay cash to the Investor in
an amount equal to the Investor’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common
Stock so purchased (the “Cover Price”), at which point the Company’s obligation to deliver such Purchase
Shares as DWAC Shares shall terminate, or (ii) promptly honor its obligation to deliver to the Investor such Purchase Shares as
DWAC Shares and pay cash to the Investor in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the Cover Price over the total Purchase
Amount paid by the Investor pursuant to this Agreement for all of the Purchase Shares to be purchased by the Investor in connection
with such Regular Purchase, Accelerated Purchase or Additional Accelerated Purchase (as applicable). The Company shall not issue
any fraction of a share of Common Stock upon any Regular Purchase, Accelerated Purchase or Additional Accelerated Purchase. If
the issuance would result in the issuance of a fraction of a share of Common Stock, the Company shall round such fraction of a
share of Common Stock up or down to the nearest whole share. All payments made under this Agreement shall be made in lawful money
of the United States of America or wire transfer of immediately available funds to such account as the Company may from time to
time designate by written notice in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. Whenever any amount expressed to be due
by the terms of this Agreement is due on any day that is not a Business Day, the same shall instead be due on the next succeeding
day that is a Business Day.

 

(f)
          Compliance with Rules of Principal Market.

 

(i)       Exchange
Cap. Subject to Section 2(f)(ii) below, the Company shall not issue or sell any shares of Common Stock pursuant to
this Agreement, and the Investor shall not purchase or acquire any shares of Common Stock pursuant to this Agreement, to the extent
that after giving effect thereto, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that would be issued pursuant to this Agreement
and the transactions contemplated hereby would exceed 8,829,756 (representing 19.99% of the shares of Common Stock issued and
outstanding immediately prior to the execution of this Agreement), which number of shares shall be (i) reduced, on a share-for-share
basis, by the number of shares of Common Stock issued or issuable pursuant to any transaction or series of transactions that may
be aggregated with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement under applicable rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market and (ii)
appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that
occurs after the date of this Agreement (such maximum number of shares, the “Exchange Cap”), unless and until
the Company elects to solicit stockholder approval of the issuance of Common Stock as contemplated by this Agreement, and the
stockholders of the Company have in fact approved the issuance of Common Stock as contemplated by this Agreement in accordance
with the applicable rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company may, but shall be under no obligation
to, request its stockholders to approve the issuance of Common Stock as contemplated by this Agreement; provided, that if stockholder
approval is not obtained in accordance with this Section 2(f)(i), the Exchange Cap shall be applicable for all purposes
of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby at all times during the term of this Agreement (except as set forth
in Section 2(f)(ii) below).

 

    -10- 

     

    

 

(ii)       At-Market
Transaction. Notwithstanding Section 2(f)(i) above, the Exchange Cap shall not be applicable for any purposes of this Agreement
and the transactions contemplated hereby, solely to the extent that (and only for so long as) the Average Price shall equal or exceed
the Base Price (it being hereby acknowledged and agreed that the Exchange Cap shall be applicable for all purposes of this Agreement
and the transactions contemplated hereby at all other times during the term of this Agreement, unless the stockholder approval referred
to in Section 2(f)(i) is obtained). The parties acknowledge and agree that the Signing Market Price used to determine the Base
Price hereunder represents the lower of (i) the Nasdaq official closing price of the Common Stock on The Nasdaq Global Market (as reflected
on Nasdaq.com) on the date of this Agreement and (ii) the average Nasdaq official closing price of the Common Stock on The Nasdaq Global
Market (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) for the five (5) consecutive trading days ending on the date of this Agreement.

 

(iii)       General.
The Company shall not issue any shares of Common Stock pursuant to this Agreement if such issuance would reasonably be expected
to result in (A) a violation of the Securities Act or (B) a breach of the rules and regulations of The Nasdaq Stock Market. The
provisions of this Section 2(f) shall be implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms hereof
only if necessary to ensure compliance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of The Nasdaq Stock Market.

 

(g)          Beneficial
Ownership Limitation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Company shall not issue
or sell, and the Investor shall not purchase or acquire, any shares of Common Stock under this Agreement which, when
aggregated with all other shares of Common Stock then beneficially owned by the Investor and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant
to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 promulgated thereunder), would result in the beneficial ownership by the Investor
of more than 4.99% of the then issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”).
Upon the written or oral request of the Investor, the Company shall promptly (but not later than 24 hours) confirm orally or in
writing to the Investor the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. The Investor, upon written notice to the Company,
may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(g), provided that the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving
effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock pursuant to this Agreement and the provisions of this Section 2(g) shall
continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after
such written notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner
otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(g) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof)
which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or
supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The Investor and the Company shall each cooperate
in good faith in the determinations required hereby and the application hereof. The Investor’s written certification to
the Company of the applicability of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the resulting effect thereof hereunder at any time,
shall be conclusive with respect to the applicability thereof and such result absent manifest error.

 

    -11- 

     

    

 

3.           INVESTOR’S
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.

 

The
Investor represents and warrants to the Company that as of the date hereof and as of the Commencement Date:

 

(a)
        Organization, Authority. Investor is an entity duly organized, validly existing
and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, with the requisite power and authority to enter into
and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder

 

(b)          Accredited
Investor Status. The Investor is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a)(3) of Regulation
D promulgated under the Securities Act.

 

(c)          Information.
The Investor understands that its investment in the Securities involves a high degree of risk. The Investor (i) is able to bear
the economic risk of an investment in the Securities including a total loss thereof, (ii) has such knowledge and experience in
financial and business matters that it is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the proposed investment in the Securities
and (iii) has had an opportunity to ask questions of and receive answers from the officers of the Company concerning the financial
condition and business of the Company and other matters related to an investment in the Securities. Neither such inquiries nor
any other due diligence investigations conducted by the Investor or its representatives shall modify, amend or affect the Investor’s
right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in Section 4 below. The Investor has sought
such accounting, legal and tax advice as it has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to its
acquisition of the Securities.

 

(d)          No
Governmental Review. The Investor understands that no U.S. federal or state agency or any other government or governmental
agency has passed on or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Securities or the fairness or suitability of an investment
in the Securities nor have such authorities passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Securities.

 

(e)           Validity;
Enforcement. This Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered on behalf of the Investor and is
a valid and binding agreement of the Investor enforceable against the Investor in accordance with its terms, subject as to enforceability
to general principles of equity and to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation and other similar
laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors’ rights and remedies.

 

(f)          Residency.
The Investor is a resident of the State of Illinois.

 

(g)          No
Short Selling. The Investor represents and warrants to the Company that at no time prior to the date of this Agreement has
any of the Investor, its agents, representatives or affiliates engaged in or effected, in any manner whatsoever, directly or indirectly,
any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Common Stock
or (ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to the Common Stock.

 

    -12- 

     

    

 

4.           REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY.

 

The
Company represents and warrants to the Investor that, except as set forth in the disclosure schedules attached hereto, which exceptions
shall be deemed to be a part of the representations and warranties made hereunder, as of the date hereof and as of the Commencement
Date:

 

(a)          Organization
and Qualification. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly
existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite corporate
power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted.  Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation or default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles
of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents.  Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is
duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which
the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be
so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect and no proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit
or curtail such power and authority or qualification. The Company has no Subsidiaries except as set forth on Exhibit 21.01 to
the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

 

(b)          Authorization;
Enforcement; Validity. (i) The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations
under this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents, and to issue the Securities
in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, (ii) the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents by the Company and
the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including without limitation, the issuance of the
Commitment Shares (as defined below in Section 5(e)) and the reservation for issuance and the issuance of the Purchase Shares
issuable under this Agreement, have been duly authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors and no further consent or authorization
is required by the Company, its Board of Directors or its stockholders, (iii) this Agreement has been, and each other Transaction
Document shall be on the Commencement Date, duly executed and delivered by the Company and (iv) each of this Agreement and the
Registration Rights Agreement constitutes, and each other Transaction Document upon its execution on behalf of the Company, shall
constitute, the valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except
as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium,
liquidation or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of creditors’ rights and remedies. The
Board of Directors of the Company has approved resolutions substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit B attached
hereto (the “Signing Resolutions”) to authorize this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and the transactions
contemplated hereby and thereby. The Signing Resolutions are valid, in full force and effect and have not been modified or supplemented
in any respect. The Company has delivered to the Investor a true copy of the minutes of a meeting of the Company’s Board
of Directors at which the Signing Resolutions were unanimously adopted by the Board of Directors. Except as set forth in this
Agreement, no other approvals or consents of the Company’s Board of Directors, any authorized committee thereof, and/or
stockholders is necessary under applicable laws and the Company’s Articles of Incorporation and/or Bylaws to authorize the
execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated hereby or
thereby, including, but not limited to, the issuance of the Securities.

 

(c)          Capitalization.
As of the date hereof, the authorized capital stock of the Company is set forth in the Registration Statement. Except as disclosed
in the SEC Documents (as defined below), (i) no shares of the Company’s capital stock are subject to preemptive rights or
any other similar rights or any liens or encumbrances suffered or permitted by the Company, (ii) there are no outstanding debt
securities, (iii) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character
whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,
or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound
to issue additional shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe
to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, any shares of capital
stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) there are no agreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act (except this Agreement
and the Registration Rights Agreement), (v) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
which contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by
which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,
(vi) there are no securities or instruments containing anti-dilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by the issuance
of the Securities as described in this Agreement and (vii) the Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom
stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. The Company has furnished to the Investor true and correct
copies of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended and as in effect on the date hereof (the “Articles
of Incorporation”), and the Company’s Bylaws, as amended and as in effect on the date hereof (the “Bylaws”),
and summaries of the terms of all securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock, if any, and copies of any documents
containing the material rights of the holders thereof in respect thereto.

 

    -13- 

     

    

 

(d)          Issuance
of Securities. Upon issuance and payment therefor in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Purchase
Shares shall be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens, charges, restrictions, rights of
first refusal and preemptive rights with respect to the issue thereof, with the holders being entitled to all rights accorded
to a holder of Common Stock. Upon issuance in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Commitment Shares
shall be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens, charges, restrictions, rights of first refusal
and preemptive rights with respect to the issue thereof, with the holders being entitled to all rights accorded to a holder of
Common Stock. 15,000,000 shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance upon purchase under this
Agreement as Purchase Shares.

 

(e)          No
Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the
Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Commitment Shares
and the reservation for issuance and issuance of the Purchase Shares) will not (i) result in a violation of the Articles of Incorporation,
any Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of any outstanding series of preferred stock of the Company or the Bylaws
or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default)
under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument
to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment
or decree (including federal and state securities laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of the Principal Market applicable
to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) or by which any property or asset of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound
or affected, except in the case of conflicts, defaults, terminations, amendments, accelerations, cancellations and violations
under clause (ii), which would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor its
Subsidiaries is in violation of any term of or in default under its Articles of Incorporation, any Certificate of Designation,
Preferences and Rights of any outstanding series of preferred stock of the Company or Bylaws or their organizational charter or
bylaws, respectively. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any term of or is in default under any
material contract, agreement, mortgage, indebtedness, indenture, instrument, judgment, decree or order or any statute, rule or
regulation applicable to the Company or its Subsidiaries, except for possible conflicts, defaults, terminations or amendments
that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The business of the Company and its Subsidiaries is not
being conducted, and shall not be conducted, in violation of any law, ordinance, regulation of any governmental entity, except
for possible violations, the sanctions for which either individually or in the aggregate would not reasonably be expected to have
a Material Adverse Effect. Except as specifically contemplated by this Agreement and as required under the Securities Act or applicable
state securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Principal Market, the Company is not required to obtain any consent,
authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with, any court or governmental agency or any regulatory or self-regulatory
agency in order for it to execute, deliver or perform any of its obligations under or contemplated by the Transaction Documents
in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof. Except as set forth elsewhere in this Agreement, all consents, authorizations,
orders, filings and registrations which the Company is required to obtain pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be obtained
or effected on or prior to the Commencement Date.

 

    -14- 

     

    

 

(f)           SEC
Documents; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required
to be filed by the Company with the SEC under the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, and under
the Securities Act, in each case during the 12-month period immediately preceding the date of this Agreement (the foregoing materials,
including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC
Documents”), on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Documents
prior to the expiration of any such extension.  As of their respective dates, the SEC Documents complied in all material
respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable. None of the SEC Documents, when filed,
contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial
statements of the Company included in the SEC Documents comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements
and the rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing.  Such financial statements
have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during
the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes
thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all
material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and
the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal,
immaterial, year-end audit adjustments. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, the Company has received no notices or correspondence
from the SEC for the one year preceding the date hereof. The SEC has not commenced any enforcement proceedings against the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries.

 

(g)          Absence
of Certain Changes. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, since December 31, 2021, (i) there has been no material adverse
change in the business, properties, operations, financial condition or results of operations of the Company or its Subsidiaries,(ii) the
Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as one entity, have not incurred any material liability or obligation, indirect, direct
or contingent, including without limitation any losses or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood, earthquakes,
accident or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any strike, labor dispute or court or governmental action,
order or decree, that are material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as one entity,
or has entered into any transactions not in the ordinary course of business; (iii) there has not been any material disruption,
material delay or other material adverse change in (A) the development of any of the Company’s product candidates, (B) the
anticipated timeline of pre-clinical or clinical trials to support the development of any of the Company’s product candidates,
or (C) the recruitment of candidates for clinical trials to support the development of any of the Company’s product candidates,
in each case as a result of the recent outbreak of COVID-19, or as a result of any measures intended to contain the outbreak of
COVID-19 imposed by any federal, state, local or foreign government or government agency in any country or region in which the
Company, or any of its agents, consultants, advisors or vendors, has assets or properties or conducts business, including, without
limitation, any limitations, curtailments, suspensions or closures of businesses, business offices or establishments, schools,
properties and other public areas due to quarantines, curfews, travel restrictions, workplace controls, “stay at home”
orders, social distancing requirements or guidelines or other public gathering restrictions or limitations; and (iv) there
has not been any material decrease in the capital stock or any material increase in any short-term or long-term indebtedness of
the Company or its Subsidiaries and there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company
or, except for dividends paid to the Company or other Subsidiaries, by any of the Company’s Subsidiaries on any class of
capital stock, or any repurchase or redemption by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of any class of capital stock.. The Company
has not taken any steps, and does not currently expect to take any steps, to seek protection pursuant to any Bankruptcy Law nor
does the Company or any of its Subsidiaries have any knowledge or reason to believe that its creditors intend to initiate involuntary
bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings. The Company is financially solvent and is generally able to pay its debts as they become
due.

 

    -15- 

     

    

 

(h)          Absence
of Litigation. There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government
agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, threatened
against or affecting the Company, the Common Stock or any of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ officers or directors
in their capacities as such, which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(i)           Acknowledgment
Regarding Investor’s Status. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Investor is acting solely in the capacity
of arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby.
The Company further acknowledges that the Investor is not acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any
similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and any advice
given by the Investor or any of its representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions
contemplated hereby and thereby is merely incidental to the Investor’s purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents
to the Investor that the Company’s decision to enter into the Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent
evaluation by the Company and its representatives and advisors.

 

(j)           No
Integrated Offering. Neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly
or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that
would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company in a manner that would require
stockholder approval pursuant to the rules of the Principal Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or
designated. The issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder does not contravene the rules and regulations of the Principal Market.

 

(k)          Intellectual
Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights or licenses to use all material trademarks,
trade names, service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses,
approvals, governmental authorizations, trade secrets and rights necessary to conduct their respective businesses as now conducted.
None of the Company’s material trademarks, trade names, service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents,
patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, government authorizations, trade secrets or other intellectual property
rights have expired or terminated, or, by the terms and conditions thereof, could expire or terminate within two years from the
date of this Agreement. The Company and its Subsidiaries do not have any knowledge of any infringement by the Company or its Subsidiaries
of any material trademark, trade name rights, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, service names, service
marks, service mark registrations, trade secret or other similar rights of others, or of any such development of similar or identical
trade secrets or technical information by others, and there is no claim, action or proceeding being made or brought against, or
to the Company’s knowledge, being threatened against, the Company or its Subsidiaries regarding trademark, trade name, patents,
patent rights, invention, copyright, license, service names, service marks, service mark registrations, trade secret or other
infringement, which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

    -16- 

     

    

 

(l)           Environmental
Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with any and all applicable foreign, federal, state and local
laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or
wastes, pollutants or contaminants (“Environmental Laws”), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other
approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in compliance
with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval, except where, in each of the three foregoing clauses, the
failure to so comply could not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(m)         Title.
The Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and
marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries,
in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects (“Liens”) and, except for Liens as do not
materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such
property by the Company and its Subsidiaries and Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, the payment of which
is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties.  Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and
its Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and its Subsidiaries are
in compliance with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such
property and buildings by the Company and its Subsidiaries.

 

(n)          Insurance.
The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and
risks and in such amounts as management of the Company believes to be prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company
and its Subsidiaries are engaged. Neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has been refused any insurance coverage sought or
applied for and neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing
insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to
continue its business at a cost that would not materially and adversely affect the condition, financial or otherwise, or the earnings,
business or operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

 

(o)          Regulatory
Permits. The Company possesses all licenses, certificates, registrations, authorizations and permits required by the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and other governmental or regulatory authorities performing functions
similar to those performed by the FDA and have made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate local, state, federal or
foreign governmental or regulatory agencies or bodies (including, without limitation, those administered by the FDA or by any
foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA)
that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as
described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (collectively, the “Material Permits”) except where
any failures to possess or make the same would not, singularly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company
is in compliance with all such Material Permits, including with all conditions and limitations on the commercial rights granted
by such Material Permits; all such Material Permits are valid and in full force and effect, except where the validity or failure
to be in full force and effect would not, singularly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not
received notification of any revocation, modification, suspension, termination or invalidation (or proceedings related thereto)
of any such Material Permit and the Company has no reason to believe that any such Material Permit will not be renewed.

 

    -17- 

     

    

 

(p)          Tax
Status. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries has made or filed all federal and state income and all other material tax
returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject (unless and only to the extent that the
Company and each of its Subsidiaries has set aside on its books provisions reasonably adequate for the payment of all unpaid and
unreported taxes) and has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or
determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations, except those being contested in good faith and has set aside on
its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns,
reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any
jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company know of no basis for any such claim.

 

(q)          Transactions
With Affiliates.  Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, none of the officers or directors of the Company and, to
the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or
any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement
providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise
requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which
any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee or partner, in each
case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for
expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock
option plan of the Company.

 

(r)           Application
of Takeover Protections. The Company and its board of directors have taken or will take prior to the Commencement Date all
necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including
any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Articles of Incorporation or the
laws of the state of its incorporation which is or could become applicable to the Investor as a result of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement, including, without limitation, the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Investor’s ownership
of the Securities.

 

(s)           Disclosure.  Except
with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents that will be timely
publicly disclosed by the Company, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided
the Investor or its agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public
information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the SEC Documents.   The Company
understands and confirms that the Investor will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting purchases and sales of securities
of the Company.  All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Investor regarding the Company,
its business and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the disclosure schedules to this Agreement, is true and correct
in all material respects and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary
in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press
releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain
any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to
make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading.  The
Company acknowledges and agrees that the Investor neither makes nor has made any representations or warranties with respect to
the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3 hereof.

 

    -18- 

     

    

 

(t)           Foreign
Corrupt Practices.  Neither the Company, nor to the knowledge of the Company, any agent or other Person acting on behalf
of the Company, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful
expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials
or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully
any contribution made by the Company (or made by any Person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation
of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.

 

(u)          Registration
Statement. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement with the SEC in accordance with the Securities Act.
The Registration Statement was declared effective by order of the SEC on May 5, 2021. The Registration Statement is effective
pursuant to the Securities Act and available for the issuance of the Securities thereunder, and the Company has not received any
written notice that the SEC has issued or intends to issue a stop order or other similar order with respect to the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus or that the SEC otherwise has (i) suspended or withdrawn the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement or (ii) issued any order preventing or suspending the use of the Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement, in either
case, either temporarily or permanently or intends or has threatened in writing to do so. The “Plan of Distribution”
section of the Prospectus permits the issuance of the Securities under the terms of this Agreement. At the time the Registration
Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at each deemed effective date thereof
pursuant to Rule 430B(f)(2) of the Securities Act, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto complied and will
comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading; and the Base Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement thereto, at the time such Base Prospectus or such Prospectus
Supplement thereto was issued and on the Commencement Date, complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements
of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact
necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided
that this representation and warranty does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Prospectus Supplement made in reliance
upon and in conformity with information relating to the Investor furnished to the Company in writing by or on behalf of the Investor
expressly for use therein. The Company meets all of the requirements for the use of a registration statement on Form S-3
pursuant to the Securities Act for the offering and sale of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement in reliance on General
Instruction I.B.1. of Form S-3, and the SEC has not notified the Company of any objection to the use of the form of the Registration
Statement pursuant to Rule 401(g)(1) of the Securities Act. The Company hereby confirms that the issuance of the Securities
to the Investor pursuant to this Agreement would not result in non-compliance with the Securities Act or any of the General Instructions
to Form S-3. The Registration Statement, as of its effective date, meets the requirements set forth in Rule 415(a)(1)(x) pursuant
to the Securities Act. At the earliest time after the filing of the Registration Statement that the Company or another offering
participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) of the Securities Act) relating to any of the Securities,
the Company was not, and as of the date of this Agreement the Company is not, an Ineligible Issuer (as defined in Rule 405 of
the Securities Act). The Company has not distributed any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of any of
the Securities, and, until the Investor does not hold any of the Securities, shall not distribute any offering material in connection
with the offering and sale of any of the Securities, to or by the Investor, in each case, other than the Registration Statement
or any amendment thereto, the Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement required pursuant to applicable law or the Transaction Documents.
The Company has not made and shall not make an offer relating to the Securities that would constitute a “free writing prospectus”
as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

    -19- 

     

    

 

(v)          DTC
Eligibility. The Company, through the Transfer Agent, currently participates in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer
(FAST) Program and the Common Stock can be transferred electronically to third parties via the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer
(FAST) Program.

 

(w)         Sarbanes-Oxley.
The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, which
are applicable to it as of the date hereof.

 

(x)          Certain
Fees. No brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company to any broker, financial advisor
or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated
by the Transaction Documents. The Investor shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made
by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section 4(x) that may be due in connection with
the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

 

(y)          Investment
Company. The Company is not, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Purchase Shares will not be, an “investment
company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

 

(z)          Listing
and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and the Company
has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the
Common Stock pursuant to the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the SEC is currently contemplating
terminating such registration. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, the Company has not, in the twelve (12) months preceding
the date hereof, received any notice from any Person to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance
requirements of the Principal Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future
continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Principal Market has not commenced any delisting
proceedings against the Company.

 

(aa)        Accountants.
The Company’s accountants are set forth in the SEC Documents and, to the knowledge of the Company, such accountants are
an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act.

 

(bb)        No
Market Manipulation. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no Person acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly
or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of
the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation
for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting
another to purchase any other securities of the Company.

 

(cc)        Bank
Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company
Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
(the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or affiliates owns or controls, directly
or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or
more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank
or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.

 

    -20- 

     

    

 

(dd)        Money
Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with
applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970,
as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money
Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body
or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge
of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.

 

(ee)        Information
Technology. The Company’s and the Subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems,
networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, “IT Systems”) operate and
perform in all material respects as required in connection with the operation of the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries
as currently conducted. The Company, and the Subsidiaries maintain commercially reasonable controls, policies, procedures, and
safeguards to maintain and protect their material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy
and security of all IT Systems and all personal, personally identifiable, sensitive, confidential or regulated data (“Personal
Data”) processed and stored thereon, and to the knowledge of the Company, there have been no breaches, incidents, violations,
outages, compromises or unauthorized uses of or accesses to same, except for those that have been remedied without material cost
or liability or the duty to notify any other person, nor any incidents under internal review or investigations relating to the
same. The Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws or statutes
and all applicable judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority,
internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Personal Data and to the
protection of such IT Systems and Personal Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except for any
such noncompliance that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(ff)          Regulatory.
Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as applicable, the Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are
and at all times have been in material compliance with all statutes, rules and regulations applicable to the ownership, testing,
development, manufacture, packaging, processing, use, distribution, marketing, advertising, labeling, promotion, sale, offer for
sale, storage, import, export or disposal of any product manufactured or distributed by the Company including, without limitation
the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. §301 et seq.), the federal Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. §1320a-7b(b)),
the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic
and Clinical Health Act of 2009, and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, as amended by the Health Care and
Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010, the regulations promulgated pursuant to such laws, and any successor government
programs and comparable state laws, regulations relating to Good Clinical Practices and Good Laboratory Practices and all other
local, state, federal, national, supranational and foreign laws, manual provisions, policies and administrative guidance relating
to the regulation of the Company (collectively, the ”Applicable Laws”); (ii) have not received
any notice from any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority or third party alleging or asserting noncompliance
with any Applicable Laws or any licenses, exemptions, certificates, approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits, registrations
and supplements or amendments thereto required by any such Applicable Laws (“Authorizations”);
(iii) possess all material Authorizations and such Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect and are not in violation
of any term of any such Authorizations; (iv) have not received written notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing,
enforcement, investigation arbitration or other action from any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority or
third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations nor is any
such claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action threatened; (v) have not
received any written notice that any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority has taken, is taking or intends
to take, action to limit, suspend, materially modify or revoke any Authorizations nor is any such limitation, suspension, modification
or revocation threatened; (vi) have filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices,
applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws or Authorizations
and that all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments
were complete and accurate on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission); and (vii) are not
a party to any corporate integrity agreements, monitoring agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, or similar agreements
with or imposed by any governmental or regulatory authority.

 

    -21- 

     

    

 

(gg)       Benefit
Plans; Labor Matters. Each benefit and compensation plan, agreement, policy and arrangement that is maintained, administered
or contributed to by the Company for current or former employees or directors of, or independent contractors with respect to,
the Company has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders,
rules and regulations, and the Company has complied in all material respects with all applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations
in regard to such plans, agreements, policies and arrangements. Each stock option granted under any equity incentive plan of the
Company (each, a “Stock Plan”) was granted with a per share exercise price no less than the market price per
common share on the grant date of such option in accordance with the rules of the Principal Market, and no such grant involved
any “back-dating,” “forward-dating” or similar practice with respect to the effective date of such grant;
each such option (i) was granted in compliance in all material respects with Applicable Laws and with the applicable Stock
Plan(s), (ii) was duly approved by the Board of Directors, and (iii) has been properly accounted for in the Company’s
financial statements and disclosed, to the extent required, in the Company’s filings or submissions with the SEC, and the
Principal Market. No labor problem or dispute with the employees of the Company exists or has been threatened in writing, and
the Company is not aware of any existing or threatened labor disturbance by the employees of any of its principal suppliers or
contractors, that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(hh)       Material
Agreements. The agreements and documents described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus conform in all material respects
to the descriptions thereof contained or incorporated by reference therein conformed
in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable at the time filed, and were
filed on a timely basis with the Commission and none of such documents contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted
to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made,
not misleading; any further documents so filed and there are no agreements or other documents required by the Securities
Act and the rules and regulations thereunder to be described in the Prospectus or to be filed with the Commission as exhibits
to the Registration Statement or to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, that have not been
so described or filed or incorporated by reference.

 

(ii)          Compliance
with Healthcare Laws. The tests, studies, and trials conducted by or on behalf of or sponsored by the Company or any of its
subsidiaries were and, if still pending, are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable Health
Care Laws (as defined below) and standard medical and scientific research protocols, procedures, and controls; none of the Company
or any of its subsidiaries has received any written notice, correspondence, or other written communication from any regulatory
agency or any institutional review board or comparable body requiring or threatening the termination, suspension, or material
modification of any tests, studies, or trials, or commercial distribution, and to the knowledge of the Company and its subsidiaries,
there are no reasonable grounds for the same. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries has obtained (or caused to be obtained)
the informed consent of each human subject who participated in a test, study, or trial. None of the tests, studies, or trials
involved any investigator who has been disqualified as a clinical investigator. The Company and its directors, officers, employees,
and agents are, and at all times prior hereto have been, in material compliance with, all health care laws and regulations applicable
to the Company or any of its product candidates or activities, including development and testing of pharmaceutical products, kickbacks,
recordkeeping, documentation requirements, the hiring of employees (to the extent governed by Health Care Laws), quality, safety,
privacy, security, licensure, accreditation or any other aspect of developing and testing health care or pharmaceutical products
(collectively, ”Health Care Laws”). The Company
has not received any notification, correspondence or any other written or oral communication, including notification of any pending
or threatened claim, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any governmental
authority, including, without limitation, the United States Food and Drug Administration, the Drug Enforcement Agency, the Centers
for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General, of potential
or actual non-compliance by, or liability of, the Company under any Health Care Laws. To the Company’s knowledge, there
are no facts or circumstances that would reasonably be expected to give risk to liability of the Company under any Health Care
Laws, except that would not individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

    -22- 

     

    

 

(jj)          Shell
Company Status. The Company is not currently, and since October 27, 2011, has not been, an issuer identified in Rule 144(i)(1)
under the Securities Act and has filed with the SEC current “Form 10 information” (as defined in Rule 144(i)(3) under
the Securities Act) at least 12 calendar months prior to the date of this Agreement reflecting its status as an entity that is
no longer an issuer identified in Rule 144(i)(1) under the Securities Act.

 

5.           COVENANTS.

 

(a)          Filing
of Current Report and Initial Prospectus Supplement. The Company agrees that it shall, on the date hereof, file with the SEC
a current report on Form 8-K relating to the transactions contemplated by, and describing the material terms and conditions of,
the Transaction Documents in the form agreed upon by the Investor prior to the date hereof (the “Current Report”).
The Company further agrees that it shall, on the date hereof, file with the SEC the Initial Prospectus Supplement pursuant to
Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, in the form agreed upon by the Investor prior to such filing, specifically relating to the
transactions contemplated by, and describing the material terms and conditions of, the Transaction Documents, containing information
previously omitted at the time of effectiveness of the Registration Statement in reliance on Rule 430B under the Securities Act,
and disclosing all information relating to the transactions contemplated hereby required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus as of the date of the Initial Prospectus Supplement, including, without limitation, information required to
be disclosed in the section captioned “Plan of Distribution” in the Prospectus, pursuant to and in accordance with
the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement.

 

(b)          Blue
Sky. The Company shall take all such action, if any, as is reasonably necessary in order to obtain an exemption for or to
register or qualify (i) the issuance of the Commitment Shares and the issuance and sale of the Purchase Shares to the Investor
under this Agreement and (ii) any subsequent resale of the Securities by the Investor, in each case, under applicable securities
or “Blue Sky” laws of the states of the United States in such states as is reasonably requested by the Investor from
time to time, and shall provide evidence of any such action so taken to the Investor.

 

    -23- 

     

    

 

(c)          Listing/DTC.
The Company shall promptly secure the listing of all of the Securities to be issued to the Investor under this Agreement on the
Principal Market (subject to official notice of issuance) and upon each other national securities exchange or automated quotation
system, if any, upon which the Common Stock is then listed, and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain, so long
as any shares of Common Stock shall be so listed, such listing of all such Securities. The Company shall use commercially reasonable
efforts to maintain the listing of the Common Stock, including the Securities, on the Principal Market and shall comply in all
respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules and regulations of the Principal
Market. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall take any action that would reasonably be expected to result in the
delisting or suspension of the Common Stock, including the Securities, on the Principal Market. The Company shall promptly, and
in no event later than the following Business Day, provide to the Investor copies of any notices it receives from the Principal
Market regarding the continued eligibility of the Common Stock for listing on the Principal Market; provided, however, that the
Company shall not be required to provide the Investor copies of any such notice that the Company reasonably believes constitutes
material non-public information and the Company would not be required to publicly disclose such notice in any report or statement
filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act (including on Form 8-K) or the Securities Act. The Company shall pay all fees and expenses
in connection with satisfying its obligations under this Section 5(c). The Company shall take all action necessary to ensure
that its Common Stock, including the Securities, can be transferred electronically as DWAC Shares.

 

(d)          Prohibition
of Short Sales and Hedging Transactions. The Investor agrees that beginning on the date of this Agreement and ending on the
date of termination of this Agreement as provided in Section 11, the Investor and its agents, representatives and affiliates shall
not in any manner whatsoever enter into or effect, directly or indirectly, any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined
in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Common Stock or (ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short
position with respect to the Common Stock.

 

(e)          Issuance
of Commitment Shares. In consideration for the Investor’s execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company shall
cause to be issued to the Investor a total of 625,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Commitment Shares”) on the
Business Day immediately following the date of this Agreement and shall deliver to the Transfer Agent immediately following the
execution of this Agreement the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions with respect to the issuance of such Commitment Shares
pursuant hereto. For the avoidance of doubt, all of the Commitment Shares shall be fully earned as of the date of this Agreement,
whether or not the Commencement shall occur or any Purchase Shares are purchased by the Investor under this Agreement and irrespective
of any subsequent termination of this Agreement.

  

(f)           Due
Diligence; Non-Public Information. The Investor shall have the right, from time to time as the Investor may reasonably deem
appropriate, and upon providing reasonable advance notice to the Company, to perform reasonable due diligence on the Company during
normal business hours. The Company and its officers and employees shall provide information and reasonably cooperate with the
Investor in connection with any reasonable request by the Investor related to the Investor’s due diligence of the Company.
Each party hereto agrees not to disclose any Confidential Information of the other party to any third party and shall not use
the Confidential Information for any purpose other than in connection with, or in furtherance of, the transactions contemplated
hereby. Each party hereto acknowledges that the Confidential Information shall remain the property of the disclosing party and
agrees that it shall take all reasonable measures to protect the secrecy of any Confidential Information disclosed by the other
party. The Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf shall provide the Investor or its agents
or counsel with any information that constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information, unless a simultaneous public
announcement thereof is made by the Company in the manner contemplated by Regulation FD. In the event of a breach of the foregoing
covenant by the Company or any Person acting on its behalf (as determined in the reasonable good faith judgment of the Investor),
in addition to any other remedy provided herein or in the other Transaction Documents, if the Investor is holding any Securities
at the time of the disclosure of material, non-public information, the Investor shall have the right to make a public disclosure,
in the form of a press release, public advertisement or otherwise, of such material, non-public information without the prior
approval by the Company; provided the Investor shall have first provided notice to the Company that it believes it has received
information that constitutes material, non-public information, the Company shall have at least 48 hours to publicly disclose such
material, non-public information prior to any such disclosure by the Investor or demonstrate to the Investor in writing why such
information does not constitute material, non-public information, and (assuming the Investor and Investor’s counsel disagree
with the Company’s determination) the Company shall have failed to publicly disclose such material, non-public information
within such time period. The Investor shall not have any liability to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective
directors, officers, employees, stockholders or agents, for any such disclosure. The Company understands and confirms that the
Investor shall be relying on the foregoing covenants in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.

 

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(g)
        Purchase Records. The Investor and the Company shall each maintain records showing
the remaining Available Amount at any given time and the dates and Purchase Amounts for each Regular Purchase, Accelerated Purchase
and Additional Accelerated Purchase or shall use such other method, reasonably satisfactory to the Investor and the Company.

 

(h)
        Taxes. The Company shall pay any and all transfer, stamp or similar taxes that
may be payable with respect to the issuance and delivery of any shares of Common Stock to the Investor made under this Agreement.

 

(i)           Use
of Proceeds. The Company will use the net proceeds from the offering as described in the Prospectus.

 

(j)           Other
Transactions. The Company shall not enter into, announce or recommend to its stockholders any agreement, plan, arrangement
or transaction in or of which the terms thereof would restrict, materially delay, conflict with or impair the ability or right
of the Company to perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, the obligation of the
Company to deliver the Securities to the Investor in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents.

 

(k)          No
Aggregation. From and after the date of this Agreement, neither the Company, nor or any of its affiliates will, and the Company
shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that no Person acting on their behalf will, directly or indirectly, make
any offers or sales of any security or solicit any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would reasonably be expected
to cause this offering of the Securities by the Company to the Investor to be aggregated with other offerings by the Company in
a manner that would require stockholder approval pursuant to the rules of the Principal Market on which any of the securities
of the Company are listed or designated unless stockholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction
in accordance with the rules of such Principal Market.

 

    -25- 

     

    

 

(l)           Limitation
on Variable Rate Transactions. From and after the date of this Agreement until the later of (i) the 36-month anniversary of
the date of this Agreement or (ii) the 36-month anniversary of the Commencement Date (if the Commencement has occurred), in either
case irrespective of any earlier termination of this Agreement, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into
an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or
a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction, other than in connection with an Exempt Issuance. The Investor
shall be entitled to seek injunctive relief against the Company and its Subsidiaries to preclude any such issuance, which remedy
shall be in addition to any right to collect damages, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other
security being required. “Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or its Subsidiaries
which entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock,
rights, options, warrants or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise
entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which
the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include
the right to receive additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents either (A) at a conversion price, exercise
price, exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the Common Stock
at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities (other than pursuant to a customary “cashless exercise”
provision), or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the
initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly
related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock (including, without limitation, any “full ratchet”
or “weighted average” anti-dilution provisions), (ii) issues or sells any debt or equity securities, including without
limitation, Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, at a price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the
initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly
related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock, or (iii) enters into any agreement, including, but
not limited to, an “equity line of credit”, “at-the-market offering” or other continuous offering or similar
offering of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, whereby the Company may sell Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents at
a future determined price. “Exempt Issuance” means the issuance of (a) Common Stock or options to employees,
officers, directors or vendors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by the Board
of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of directors established for such purpose, (b) (1) any Securities issued
to the Investor pursuant to this Agreement, (2) any securities issued to the Investor pursuant to any other agreement between
the Company and the Investor, (3) any securities issued upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any shares of Common
Stock or Common Stock Equivalents held by the Investor at any time, or (4) any securities issued upon the exercise or exchange
of or conversion of any Common Stock Equivalents issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities
referred to in this clause (4) have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities
or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities, (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions
or strategic transactions approved by the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of directors established
for such purpose, which acquisitions or strategic transactions can have a Variable Rate Transaction component, provided that any
such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an
operating company or an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional
benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities
primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities, or (d) Common
Stock issued pursuant to an “at-the-market offering” by the Company exclusively through one or more registered broker-dealers
acting primarily as agent(s) of the Company pursuant to a written equity distribution or sales agreement between the Company and
such registered broker-dealer(s).

 

6.           TRANSFER
AGENT INSTRUCTIONS.

 

On
the date of this Agreement, the Company shall issue to the Transfer Agent (and any subsequent transfer agent) irrevocable instructions,
in the form substantially similar to those used by the Investor in substantially similar transactions, to issue the Purchase Shares
and the Commitment Shares in accordance with the terms of this Agreement (the “Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions”).
All Securities to be issued to or for the benefit of the Investor pursuant to this Agreement shall be issued as DWAC Shares. The
Company represents and warrants to the Investor that no instruction other than the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions referred
to in this Section 6 will be given by the Company to the Transfer Agent with respect to the Securities, and the Securities
shall otherwise be freely transferable on the books and records of the Company. If the Investor effects a sale, assignment or
transfer of the Purchase Shares, the Company shall permit the transfer and shall promptly instruct the Transfer Agent (and any
subsequent transfer agent) to issue DWAC Shares in such name and in such denominations as specified by the Investor to effect
such sale, transfer or assignment. The Company shall take all actions to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this
Section 6, including, without limitation, delivering or causing to be delivered all such legal opinions, consents, certificates,
resolutions and instructions to the Transfer Agent, and any successor transfer agent of the Company, as may be requested from
time to time by the Investor or necessary or desirable to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Section
6, and all fees and costs associated therewith shall be borne by the Company.

 

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		7.	CONDITIONS
                                         TO THE COMPANY’S RIGHT TO COMMENCE

 

SALES
OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK.

 

The
right of the Company hereunder to commence sales of the Purchase Shares on the Commencement Date is subject to the satisfaction
or, where legally permissible, the waiver of each of the following conditions:

 

(a)          The
Investor shall have executed each of the Transaction Documents and delivered the same to the Company;

 

(b)          No
stop order with respect to the Registration Statement shall be pending or threatened by the SEC; and

 

(c)          The
representations and warranties of the Investor shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date hereof and as
of the Commencement Date as though made at that time.

 

		8.	CONDITIONS
                                         TO THE INVESTOR’S OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK.

 

The
obligation of the Investor to buy Purchase Shares under this Agreement is subject to the satisfaction or, where legally permissible,
the waiver of each of the following conditions on or prior to the Commencement Date and, once such conditions have been initially
satisfied, there shall not be any ongoing obligation to satisfy such conditions after the Commencement has occurred:

 

(a)          The
Company shall have executed each of the Transaction Documents and delivered the same to the Investor;

 

(b)          The
Common Stock shall be listed or quoted on the Principal Market, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been within the last
365 days suspended by the SEC or the Principal Market, and all Securities to be issued by the Company to the Investor pursuant
to this Agreement shall have been approved for listing or quotation on the Principal Market in accordance with the applicable
rules and regulations of the Principal Market, subject only to official notice of issuance;

 

    -27- 

     

    

 

(c)          The
Investor shall have received the opinions and negative assurances of the Company’s legal counsel dated as of the Commencement
Date substantially in the form heretofore agreed by the parties hereto;

 

(d)          The
representations and warranties of the Company shall be true and correct in all material respects (except to the extent that any
of such representations and warranties is already qualified as to materiality in Section 4 above, in which case, the portion
of such representations and warranties so qualified shall be true and correct without further qualification) as of the date hereof
and as of the Commencement Date as though made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific
date, which shall be true and correct as of such date) and the Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied with the covenants,
agreements and conditions required by the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at
or prior to the Commencement Date. The Investor shall have received a certificate, executed by the CEO, President or CFO of the
Company, dated as of the Commencement Date, to the foregoing effect in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A;

 

(e)          The
Board of Directors of the Company shall have adopted resolutions substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B,
which shall be in full force and effect without any amendment or supplement thereto as of the Commencement Date;

 

(f)           As
of the Commencement Date, the Company shall have reserved out of its authorized and unissued Common Stock, solely for the purpose
of effecting purchases of Purchase Shares hereunder, 15,000,000 shares of Common Stock;

 

(g)          The
Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions shall have been delivered to and acknowledged in writing by the Company and the Company’s
Transfer Agent, and the Commitment Shares required to have been issued on the Commencement Date in accordance with Section
5(e) hereof shall have been issued directly to the Investor electronically as DWAC Shares;

 

(h)          The
Company shall have delivered to the Investor a certificate evidencing the incorporation and good standing of the Company in the
State of Nevada issued by the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada as of a date within ten (10) Business Days of the Commencement
Date;

 

(i)           The
Company shall have delivered to the Investor a certified copy of the Articles of Incorporation as certified by the Secretary of
State of the State of Nevada within ten (10) Business Days of the Commencement Date;

 

(j)           The
Company shall have delivered to the Investor a secretary’s certificate executed by the Secretary of the Company, dated as
of the Commencement Date, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C;

 

(k)          The
Registration Statement shall continue to be effective and no stop order with respect to the Registration Statement shall be pending
or threatened by the SEC. The Company shall have a maximum dollar amount certain of Common Stock registered under the Registration
Statement which is sufficient to issue to the Investor not less than (i) the full Available Amount worth of Purchase Shares plus
(ii) all of the Commitment Shares. The Current Report and the Initial Prospectus Supplement each shall have been filed with the
SEC, as required pursuant to Section 5(a) and in compliance with Registration Rights Agreement, and copies of the Prospectus
shall have been delivered to the Investor in accordance with Registration Rights Agreement. The Prospectus shall be current and
available for issuances and sales of all of the Securities by the Company to the Investor, and for the resale of all of the Securities
by the Investor. Any other Prospectus Supplements required to have been filed by the Company with the SEC under the Securities
Act at or prior to the Commencement Date shall have been filed with the SEC within the applicable time periods prescribed for
such filings under the Securities Act. All reports, schedules, registrations, forms, statements, information and other documents
required to have been filed by the Company with the SEC at or prior to the Commencement Date pursuant to the reporting requirements
of the Exchange Act shall have been filed with the SEC within the applicable time periods prescribed for such filings under the
Exchange Act;

 

    -28- 

     

    

 

(l)           No
Event of Default has occurred, or any event which, after notice and/or lapse of time, would become an Event of Default has occurred;

 

(m)         All
federal, state and local governmental laws, rules and regulations applicable to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents and necessary for the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions
contemplated thereby in accordance with the terms thereof shall have been complied with, and all consents, authorizations and
orders of, and all filings and registrations with, all federal, state and local courts or governmental agencies and all federal,
state and local regulatory or self-regulatory agencies necessary for the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction
Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby in accordance with the terms thereof shall have been obtained
or made, including, without limitation, in each case those required under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, applicable state
securities or “Blue Sky” laws or applicable rules and regulations of the Principal Market, or otherwise required by
the SEC, the Principal Market or any state securities regulators;

 

(n)          No
statute, regulation, order, decree, writ, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated, threatened or endorsed
by any federal, state, local or foreign court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction which prohibits the consummation
of or which would materially modify or delay any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents; and

 

(o)          No
action, suit or proceeding before any federal, state, local or foreign arbitrator or any court or governmental authority of competent
jurisdiction shall have been commenced or threatened, and no inquiry or investigation by any federal, state, local or foreign
governmental authority of competent jurisdiction shall have been commenced or threatened, against the Company, or any of the officers,
directors or affiliates of the Company, seeking to restrain, prevent or change the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents, or seeking material damages in connection with such transactions.

 

		9.	INDEMNIFICATION.
                                         

 

In
consideration of the Investor’s execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and acquiring the Securities hereunder
and in addition to all of the Company’s other obligations under the Transaction Documents, the Company shall defend, protect,
indemnify and hold harmless the Investor and all of its affiliates, stockholders, members, officers, directors, employees and
direct or indirect investors and any of the foregoing Person’s agents or other representatives (including, without limitation,
those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) (collectively, the “Indemnitees”)
from and against any and all actions, causes of action, suits, claims, losses, costs, penalties, fees, liabilities and damages,
and expenses in connection therewith (irrespective of whether any such Indemnitee is a party to the action for which indemnification
hereunder is sought), and including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements (the “Indemnified Liabilities”),
incurred by any Indemnitee as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (a) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation
or warranty made by the Company in the Transaction Documents or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby
or thereby, (b) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Company contained in the Transaction Documents or any
other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, or (c) any cause of action, suit or claim brought or
made against such Indemnitee and arising out of or resulting from the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of the Transaction
Documents or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, other than, in the case of clause (c),
with respect to Indemnified Liabilities which directly and primarily result from the fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct
of an Indemnitee. The indemnity in this Section 9 shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any claim if such settlement
is effected without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or
delayed. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Company may be unenforceable for any reason, the Company shall make
the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities which is permissible under applicable
law. Payment under this indemnification shall be made within thirty (30) days from the date the Indemnitee makes written request
for it. A certificate containing reasonable detail as to the amount of such indemnification submitted to the Company by Investor
shall be conclusive evidence, absent manifest error, of the amount due from the Company to Investor. If any action shall be brought
against any Indemnitee in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Indemnitee shall promptly
notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing
reasonably acceptable to the Indemnitee. Any Indemnitee shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and
participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnitee, except
to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company
has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is,
in the reasonable opinion of such separate counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company
and the position of such Indemnitee, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no
more than one such separate counsel.

 

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10.         EVENTS
OF DEFAULT. 

 

An
“Event of Default” shall be deemed to have occurred at any time as any of the following events occurs:

 

(a)          the
effectiveness of the Registration Statement registering the Securities lapses for any reason (including, without limitation, the
issuance of a stop order or similar order), the Registration Statement or the Prospectus is unavailable for the sale by the Company
to the Investor (or the resale by the Investor) of any or all of the Securities to be issued to the Investor under the Transaction
Documents (including, without limitation, as a result of any failure of the Company to satisfy all of the requirements for the
use of a registration statement on Form S-3 pursuant to the Securities Act for the offering and sale of the Securities contemplated
by this Agreement), and any such lapse or unavailability continues for a period of ten (10) consecutive Business Days or for more
than an aggregate of thirty (30) Business Days in any 365-day period;

 

(b)          the
suspension of the Common Stock from trading or the failure of the Common Stock to be listed on the Principal Market for a period
of one (1) Business Day, provided that the Company may not direct the Investor to purchase any shares of Common Stock during any
such suspension;

 

(c)          the
delisting of the Common Stock from The Nasdaq Global Market (or any nationally recognized successor thereto), provided, however,
that the Common Stock is not immediately thereafter trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market, The Nasdaq Global Select Market, the
New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE American, the NYSE Arca, or the OTCQX or OTCQB operated by the OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or any
nationally recognized successors thereto);

 

    -30- 

     

    

 

(d)          the
failure for any reason by the Transfer Agent to issue Purchase Shares to the Investor within two (2) Business Days after the Regular
Purchase Date, Accelerated Purchase Date or Additional Accelerated Purchase Date, as applicable, on which the Investor is entitled
to receive such Purchase Shares;

 

(e)          the
Company breaches any representation, warranty, covenant or other term or condition under any Transaction Document if such breach
would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and except, in the case of a breach of a covenant which is reasonably
curable, only if such breach continues for a period of at least five (5) Business Days;

 

(f)           if
any Person commences a proceeding against the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law;

 

(g)          if
the Company, pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law, (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry
of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or
substantially all of its property, or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors or is generally unable
to pay its debts as the same become due;

 

(h)          a
court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company
in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or (iii) orders
the liquidation of the Company or any Subsidiary;

 

(i)           if,
at any time, the Company is not eligible to transfer its Common Stock electronically as DWAC Shares; or

 

(j)           if,
at any time after the Commencement Date, the Exchange Cap is reached (to the extent such Exchange Cap is applicable pursuant to
Section 2(f) hereof), and the stockholder approval referred to in Section 2(f)(i) has not been obtained in accordance
with the applicable rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market.

 

In
addition to any other rights and remedies under applicable law and this Agreement, so long as an Event of Default has occurred
and is continuing, or if any event which, after notice and/or lapse of time, would become an Event of Default has occurred and
is continuing, the Company shall not deliver to the Investor any Regular Purchase Notice, Accelerated Purchase Notice or Additional
Accelerated Purchase Notice.

 

11.         TERMINATION

 

This
Agreement may be terminated only as follows:

 

(a)          If
pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law, the Company commences a voluntary case or any Person commences a proceeding
against the Company which is not discharged within 90 days, a Custodian is appointed for the Company or for all or substantially
all of its property, or the Company makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors (any of which would be an Event
of Default as described in Sections 10(f), 10(g) and 10(h) hereof), this Agreement shall automatically terminate
without any liability or payment to the Company (except as set forth below) without further action or notice by any Person.

 

    -31- 

     

    

 

(b)          In
the event that the Commencement shall not have occurred on or before September 15, 2022, due to the failure to satisfy the conditions
set forth in Sections 7 and 8 above with respect to the Commencement, either the Company or the Investor shall have
the option to terminate this Agreement at the close of business on such date or thereafter without liability of any party to any
other party (except as set forth below); provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 11(b)
shall not be available to any party if such party is then in breach of any covenant or agreement contained in this Agreement
or any representation or warranty of such party contained in this Agreement fails to be true and correct such that the conditions
set forth in Section 7(c) or Section 8(d), as applicable, could not then be satisfied.

 

(c)         
At any time after the Commencement Date, the Company shall have the option to terminate this Agreement for any reason or for no
reason by delivering notice (a “Company Termination Notice”) to the Investor electing to terminate this Agreement
without any liability whatsoever of any party to any other party under this Agreement (except as set forth below). The Company
Termination Notice shall not be effective until one (1) Business Day after it has been received by the Investor.

 

(d)          This
Agreement shall automatically terminate on the date that the Company sells and the Investor purchases the full Available Amount
as provided herein, without any action or notice on the part of any party and without any liability whatsoever of any party to
any other party under this Agreement (except as set forth below).

 

(e)          If,
for any reason or for no reason, the full Available Amount has not been purchased in accordance with Section 2 of
this Agreement by the Maturity Date, this Agreement shall automatically terminate on the Maturity Date, without any action or
notice on the part of any party and without any liability whatsoever of any party to any other party under this Agreement (except
as set forth below).

 

Except
as set forth in Sections 11(a) (in respect of an Event of Default under Sections 10(f), 10(g) and 10(h)),
11(d) and 11(e), any termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 11 shall be effected by written
notice from the Company to the Investor, or the Investor to the Company, as the case may be, setting forth the basis for the termination
hereof. The representations and warranties of the Company and the Investor contained in Sections 3 and 4 hereof,
the indemnification provisions set forth in Section 9 hereof and the agreements and covenants set forth in Sections
5, 6, 10, 11 and 12 shall survive the Commencement and any termination of this Agreement. No termination
of this Agreement shall (i) affect the Company’s or the Investor’s rights or obligations under (A) this Agreement
with respect to pending Regular Purchases, Accelerated Purchases and Additional Accelerated Purchases and the Company and the
Investor shall complete their respective obligations with respect to any pending Regular Purchases, Accelerated Purchases and
Additional Accelerated Purchases under this Agreement and (B) the Registration Rights Agreement, which shall survive any such
termination in accordance with its terms, or (ii) be deemed to release the Company or the Investor from any liability for intentional
misrepresentation or willful breach of any of the Transaction Documents.

 

12.         MISCELLANEOUS.

 

(a)          Governing
Law; Jurisdiction; Jury Trial. The corporate laws of the State of Nevada shall govern all issues concerning the relative rights
of the Company and its stockholders. All other questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation
of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of Illinois, without
giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of Illinois or any other jurisdictions)
that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions other than the State of Illinois. Each party hereby irrevocably
submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the State of Illinois, County of Cook, for the
adjudication of any dispute hereunder or under the other Transaction Documents or in connection herewith or therewith, or with
any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit,
action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action
or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party
hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding
by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service
shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit
in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY
HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR ARISING
OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

 

    -32- 

     

    

 

(b)          Counterparts.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more identical counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement
and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party; provided that a
facsimile signature or signature delivered by e-mail in a “.pdf” format data file, including any electronic signature
complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com, www.echosign.adobe.com, etc., shall be considered due
execution and shall be binding upon the signatory thereto with the same force and effect as if the signature were an original
signature.

 

(c)          Headings.
The headings of this Agreement are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this
Agreement.

 

(d)          Severability.
If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability
shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement in that jurisdiction or the validity or enforceability
of any provision of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction.

 

(e)          Entire
Agreement. The Transaction Documents supersede all other prior oral or written agreements between the Investor, the Company,
their affiliates and Persons acting on their behalf with respect to the subject matter thereof, and this Agreement, the other
Transaction Documents and the instruments referenced herein contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the
matters covered herein and therein and, except as specifically set forth herein or therein, neither the Company nor the Investor
makes any representation, warranty, covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. The Company acknowledges and agrees
that is has not relied on, in any manner whatsoever, any representations or statements, written or oral, other than as expressly
set forth in the Transaction Documents.

 

(f)           Notices.
Any notices, consents or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing
and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt when sent by facsimile
or email (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party);
or (iii) one Business Day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed
to the party to receive the same. The addresses for such communications shall be:

 

    -33- 

     

    

 

If
to the Company:

Tonix
Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. 

26
Main Street, Suite 101 

Chatham,
NJ 07928 

		Telephone:	(862)
904-8182

		E-mail:	seth.lederman@tonixpharma.com

		Attention:	Seth
Lederman, MD

		President	and
Chief Executive Officer

 

With
a copy to (which shall not constitute notice or service of process): 

Lowenstein
Sandler LLP 

One
Lowenstein Drive 

Roseland,
NJ 07068 

		Telephone:	(973)
597-2900

		Facsimile:	(973)
597-2400

		E-mail:	sskolnick@lowenstein.com

		Attention:	Steven
M. Skolnick, Esq.

 

If
to the Investor: 

Lincoln
Park Capital Fund, LLC 

440
North Wells, Suite 410 

Chicago,
IL 60654 

		Telephone:	(312)
822-9300

		Facsimile:	(312)
822-9301

		E-mail:	jscheinfeld@lpcfunds.com/jcope@lpcfunds.com

		Attention:	Josh
Scheinfeld/Jonathan Cope

 

With
a copy to (which shall not constitute notice or service of process): 

Dorsey
& Whitney LLP 

51
West 52nd Street

New
York, NY 10019 

		Telephone:	(212)
415-9214

		Facsimile:	(212)
953-7201

		E-mail:	marsico.anthony@dorsey.com

		Attention:	Anthony
J. Marsico, Esq.

 

If
to the Transfer Agent: 

vStock
Transfer, LLC 

18
Lafayette Place 

Woodmere,
NY 11598 

		Telephone:	(212)
828-8436

		Facsimile:	(646)
536-3179

		E-mail:	info@vstocktransfer.com

		Attention:	Yoel
Goldfeder

 

or
at such other address, email address and/or facsimile number and/or to the attention of such other Person as the recipient party
has specified by written notice given to each other party three (3) Business Days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written
confirmation of receipt (A) given by the recipient of such notice, consent or other communication, (B) mechanically or electronically
generated by the sender’s facsimile machine or email account containing the time, date, and recipient facsimile number or
email address, as applicable, and an image of the first page of such transmission or (C) provided by a nationally recognized overnight
delivery service, shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service, receipt by facsimile or receipt from a nationally recognized
overnight delivery service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above, respectively.

 

    -34- 

     

    

 

(g)          Successors
and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and any permitted successors and
assigns of the Company. The Company shall not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written
consent of the Investor, including by merger or consolidation. The Investor may not assign its rights or obligations under this
Agreement.

 

(h)          No
Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and any permitted successors and
assigns of the Company and, except as set forth in Section 9, is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be
enforced by, any other Person.

 

(i)            Publicity.
The Company shall afford the Investor and its counsel with the opportunity to review and comment upon, shall consult with the
Investor and its counsel on the form and substance of, and shall give due consideration to all such comments from the Investor
or its counsel on, any press release, SEC filing or any other public disclosure by or on behalf of the Company relating to the
Investor, its purchases hereunder or any aspect of the Securities, the Transaction Documents or the transactions contemplated
thereby, not less than 24 hours prior to the issuance, filing or public disclosure thereof. The Investor must be provided with
a final version of any such press release, SEC filing or other public disclosure at least 24 hours prior to any release, filing
or use by the Company thereof. The Company agrees and acknowledges that its failure to fully comply with this provision constitutes
a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(j)            Further
Assurances. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall
execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request
in order to consummate and make effective, as soon as reasonably possible, the Commencement, and to carry out the intent and accomplish
the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

(k)           No
Financial Advisor, Placement Agent, Broker or Finder. The Company represents and warrants to the Investor that it has not
engaged any financial advisor, placement agent, broker or finder in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby. The
Investor represents and warrants to the Company that it has not engaged any financial advisor, placement agent, broker or finder
in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company shall be responsible for the payment of any fees or commissions,
if any, of any financial advisor, placement agent, broker or finder relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated
hereby. The Company shall pay, and hold the Investor harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation,
attorneys’ fees and out of pocket expenses) arising in connection with any such claim.

 

(l)            No
Strict Construction. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express
their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party.

 

(m)          Remedies,
Other Obligations, Breaches and Injunctive Relief. The Investor’s remedies provided in this Agreement, including, without
limitation, the Investor’s remedies provided in Section 9, shall be cumulative and in addition to all other remedies available
to the Investor under this Agreement, at law or in equity (including a decree of specific performance and/or other injunctive
relief), no remedy of the Investor contained herein shall be deemed a waiver of compliance with the provisions giving rise to
such remedy and nothing herein shall limit the Investor’s right to pursue actual damages for any failure by the Company
to comply with the terms of this Agreement. The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause
irreparable harm to the Investor and that the remedy at law for any such breach may be inadequate. The Company therefore agrees
that, in the event of any such breach or threatened breach, the Investor shall be entitled, in addition to all other available
remedies, to an injunction restraining any breach, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other
security being required.

 

    -35- 

     

    

 

(n)          Enforcement
Costs. If: (i) this Agreement is placed by the Investor in the hands of an attorney for enforcement or is enforced by the
Investor through any legal proceeding; (ii) an attorney is retained to represent the Investor in any bankruptcy, reorganization,
receivership or other proceedings affecting creditors’ rights and involving a claim under this Agreement; or (iii) an attorney
is retained to represent the Investor in any other proceedings whatsoever in connection with this Agreement, then the Company
shall pay to the Investor, as incurred by the Investor, all reasonable costs and expenses including attorneys’ fees incurred
in connection therewith, in addition to all other amounts due hereunder. If this Agreement is placed by the Company in the hands
of an attorney for enforcement or is enforced by the Company through any legal proceeding, then the Investor shall pay to the
Company, as incurred by the Company, all reasonable costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees incurred in connection
therewith, in addition to all other amounts due hereunder.

 

(o)          Amendment;
Waiver; Failure or Indulgence Not Waiver. No provision of this Agreement may be amended other than by a written instrument
signed by both parties hereto. No provision of this Agreement may be waived other than in a written instrument signed by the party
against whom enforcement of such waiver is sought. No failure or delay in the exercise of any power, right or privilege hereunder
shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right or privilege preclude other
or further exercise thereof or of any other right, power or privilege.

 

    -36- 

     

    

 

IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the Investor and the Company have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written
above.

 

	 	THE COMPANY:
	 	 	 	 
	 	TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.
	 	 	               	 
	 	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Seth Lederman 	 
	 	Name: Seth Lederman, MD
	 	Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
	 	 	 	 
	 	INVESTOR:	 
	 	 	 	 
	 	LINCOLN PARK CAPITAL FUND, LLC
	 	BY: LINCOLN PARK CAPITAL, LLC
	 	BY: ROCKLEDGE CAPITAL CORPORATION
	 	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Josh Scheinfeld 	 
	 	Name: Josh Scheinfeld
	 	Title: President
	 	 	 	 

    -37- 

     

    

  

EXHIBITS

 

	Exhibit A	Form of Officer’s Certificate
	Exhibit B	Form of Resolutions of Board of Directors of
    the Company
	Exhibit C	Form of Secretary’s Certificate

 

     

     

    

 

EXHIBIT
A

 

FORM
OF OFFICER’S CERTIFICATE

 

This
Officer’s Certificate (“Certificate”) is being delivered pursuant to Section 8(d) of that certain
Purchase Agreement dated as of August 16, 2022 (“Purchase Agreement”), by and between TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS
HOLDING CORP., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), and LINCOLN PARK CAPITAL FUND, LLC (the “Investor”).
Terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Purchase Agreement.

 

The
undersigned, ___________, ______________ of the Company, hereby certifies, on behalf of the Company and not in his individual
capacity, as follows:

 

1.        I
am the _____________ of the Company and make the statements contained in this Certificate;

 

2.       The
representations and warranties of the Company are true and correct in all material respects (except to the extent that any of
such representations and warranties is already qualified as to materiality in Section 4 of the Purchase Agreement, in which case,
such representations and warranties are true and correct without further qualification) as of the date when made and as of the
Commencement Date as though made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, in
which case such representations and warranties are true and correct as of such date);

 

3.       The
Company has performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with covenants, agreements and conditions required by the
Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to the Commencement Date.

 

4.      
The Company has not taken any steps, and does not currently expect to take any steps, to seek protection pursuant to any Bankruptcy
Law nor does the Company or any of its Subsidiaries have any knowledge or reason to believe that its creditors intend to initiate
involuntary bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings. The Company is financially solvent and is generally able to pay its debts as
they become due.

 

IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunder signed my name on this ___ day of ___________.

 

	 	 	 
	 	Name:	 
	 	Title:	 

 

The
undersigned as Secretary of TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP., a Nevada corporation, hereby certifies that ___________
is the duly elected, appointed, qualified and acting ________ of _________ and that the signature appearing above is his genuine
signature.

 

	 	 	 
	 	Secretary	 

  

     

     

    

 

EXHIBIT
B

 

FORM
OF COMPANY RESOLUTIONS

FOR
SIGNING PURCHASE AGREEMENT

 

RESOLVED,
that the terms and conditions of, and the transactions contemplated by, the form of Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”)
by and between the Corporation and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), providing for the purchase by
Lincoln Park of up to Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000) of the Corporation’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share
(the “Common Stock”) are hereby authorized and approved in all respects, and that each of the Chairman, Chief Executive
Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, any Senior Vice President or Executive Vice President or Secretary of the Corporation
(collectively, the “Authorized Officers”) is hereby authorized to execute and deliver the Purchase Agreement, and
any other agreements or documents contemplated thereby including, without limitation, a registration rights agreement (the “Registration
Rights Agreement”) providing for the registration of the shares of the Corporation’s Common Stock issuable in respect
of the Purchase Agreement on behalf of the Corporation, with such amendments, changes, additions and deletions as any of the Authorized
Officers determines to be appropriate, such determination to be conclusively evidenced by the signature of any Authorized Officer
thereon; and be it further

 

RESOLVED,
that the terms and provisions of, and the transactions contemplated by, the Registration Rights Agreement by and among the Corporation
and Lincoln Park are hereby authorized and approved in all respects, and that each of the Authorized Officers is hereby authorized
to execute and deliver the Registration Rights Agreement (pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement), with such amendments,
changes, additions and deletions as any of the Authorized Officer determines to be appropriate, such determination to be conclusively
evidenced by the signature of any Authorized Officer thereon; and be it further

 

RESOLVED,
that the terms and provisions of, and the transactions described in, the forms of Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions and
Notice of Effectiveness of Registration Statement (collectively, the “Instructions”, and together with the Purchase
Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and any other agreements, instruments or other documents contemplated by any of the
foregoing, the “Transaction Documents”) are hereby authorized and approved in all respects and each of the Authorized
Officers is hereby authorized to execute and deliver the Instructions on behalf of the Corporation in accordance with the Purchase
Agreement, with such amendments, changes, additions and deletions as any of the Authorized Officers determines to be appropriate,
such determination to be conclusively evidenced by the signature of an Authorized Officer thereon; and be it further

 

RESOLVED,
that each of the Transaction Documents, the execution and delivery thereof by any of the Authorized Officers for and on behalf
of the Corporation, the performance by the Corporation of its obligations thereunder and the consummation of the transactions
contemplated thereby are hereby authorized and approved in all respects (including for all purposes of NRS 78.411 through 78.444,
inclusive); and be it further

 

RESOLVED,
that the Corporation is hereby authorized to issue to Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, 625,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Commitment
Shares”), as set forth in the Purchase Agreement, and that upon issuance of the Commitment Shares pursuant to the Purchase
Agreement the Commitment Shares shall be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable with no personal liability
attaching to the ownership thereof;

 

RESOLVED,
that the Corporation is hereby authorized to issue shares of Common Stock upon the purchase of shares of Common Stock by Lincoln
Park under the Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Shares”) up to the Available Amount (as defined in the Purchase Agreement)
under the Purchase Agreement in accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreement and that, upon issuance of the Purchase Shares
pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Purchase Shares will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable
with no personal liability attaching to the ownership thereof;

 

     

     

    

 

RESOLVED,
that the Corporation hereby initially reserves 15,000,000 shares of Common Stock for issuance as Purchase Shares under the Purchase
Agreement;

 

RESOLVED,
that, without limiting the foregoing, the Authorized Officers are, and each of them hereby is, authorized and directed to proceed
on behalf of the Corporation and to take all such steps as deemed necessary or appropriate, with the advice and assistance of
counsel, to cause the Corporation to consummate the agreements referred to herein and to perform its obligations under such agreements;

 

RESOLVED,
that the Authorized Officers be, and each of them with full authority to act without the others hereby is, authorized and directed
for and on behalf of the Corporation to take or cause to be taken any and all actions, to execute and deliver any and all agreements,
certificates, instructions, requests or other instruments (including any amendments or supplements to any of the documents contemplated
by these resolutions), and to do any and all things which, in any such officer’s judgment, may be necessary or desirable
to effect each of the foregoing resolutions and to carry out the purposes thereof, the taking of any such actions, the execution
and delivery of any such certificates, instructions, requests, or instruments, or the doing of any such things to be conclusive
evidence of their necessity or desirability;

 

RESOLVED,
that the Authorized Officers be, and each of them hereby is, authorized and directed to work with counsel to prepare and file
with the Commission one or more prospectus supplements (in preliminary and/or final form, as required by applicable securities
laws) in connection with the issuance of the Purchase Shares and Commitment Shares (together, the “Securities”) (each,
a “Prospectus Supplement”) to the shelf registration statement (File No. 333-254975), filed on April 1, 2021, as subsequently
amended, and declared effective by the Commission on May 5, 2021 (as further amended or supplemented from time to time, the “Registration
Statement”); and be it further

 

RESOLVED,
that the issuance by the Company of the Securities as contemplated by the Prospectus Supplement is hereby authorized and approved
in all respects and if and when any such Securities consisting of the Company’s common stock are so issued, such Securities
will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

 

     

     

    

  

EXHIBIT
C

 

 FORM
OF SECRETARY’S CERTIFICATE

 

This
Secretary’s Certificate (“Certificate”) is being delivered pursuant to Section 8(j) of that certain Purchase
Agreement dated as of August 16, 2022 (“Purchase Agreement”), by and between TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.,
a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), and LINCOLN PARK CAPITAL FUND, LLC (the “Investor”), pursuant
to which the Company may sell to the Investor up to Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000) of the Company’s Common Stock, par
value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”). Terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings ascribed
to them in the Purchase Agreement.

 

The
undersigned, ____________, Secretary of the Company, hereby certifies, on behalf of the Company and not in his individual capacity,
as follows:

 

1.       I
am the Secretary of the Company and make the statements contained in this Secretary’s Certificate.

 

2.       Attached
hereto as Exhibit A and Exhibit B are true, correct and complete copies of the Company’s bylaws (“Bylaws”)
and articles of incorporation (“Charter”), in each case, as amended through the date hereof, and no action has been
taken by the Company, its directors, officers or stockholders, in contemplation of the filing of any further amendment relating
to or affecting the Bylaws or Charter.

 

3.       Attached
hereto as Exhibit C are true, correct and complete copies of the resolutions duly adopted by the Board of Directors of
the Company on _____________, at which a quorum was present and acting throughout. Such resolutions have not been amended, modified
or rescinded and remain in full force and effect and such resolutions are the only resolutions adopted by the Company’s
Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, or the stockholders of the Company relating to or affecting (i) the entering into
and performance of the Purchase Agreement, or the issuance, offering and sale of the Securities and (ii) and the performance of
the Company of its obligation under the Transaction Documents as contemplated therein.

 

     

     

    

 

4.       As
of the date hereof, the authorized, issued and reserved capital stock of the Company is as set forth on Exhibit D hereto.

 

IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunder signed my name on this ___ day of ____________.

 

	 	 	 
	 	Secretary	 

  

The
undersigned as ___________ of TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP., a Nevada corporation, hereby certifies that ____________
is the duly elected, appointed, qualified and acting Secretary of TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP., and that the signature
appearing above is his genuine signature.

 

	 	 	 
	 	[TITLE]

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