Document:

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                                                                     Exhibit 4.9

                          SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE

               THIS SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE, is entered into as of July
18, 2003, by and between Developers Diversified Realty Corporation, an Ohio
corporation (the "Company"), and National City Bank, a national banking
association organized and existing under the laws of the United States, as
trustee (the "Trustee").

               WHEREAS, the parties entered into the Indenture dated as of May
1, 1994 (as supplemented by a First Supplemental Indenture dated as of May 10,
1995, the "Indenture"), relating to the Company's senior debt securities;

               WHEREAS, the Company has made a request to the Trustee that the
Trustee join with it, in accordance with Section 901 of the Indenture, in the
execution of this Second Supplemental Indenture to add a covenant for the sole
benefit of Holders of the Company's $300,000,000 principal amount 4.625% Notes
Due 2010 (the "Designated Securities");

               WHEREAS, the Company and the Trustees are authorized to enter
into this Second Supplemental Indenture; and

               NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Trustee agree as follows:

                    Section 1. RELATION TO INDENTURE. This Second Supplemental
          Indenture supplements the Indenture and shall be a part and subject to
          all the terms thereof. Except as supplemented hereby, the Indenture
          and the Securities issued thereunder shall continue in full force and
          effect.

                    Section 2. CAPITALIZED TERMS. Capitalized terms used herein
          and not otherwise defined herein are used as defined in the Indenture.

                    Section 3. DEFINITIONS. Section 101 of the Indenture is
          amended by adding the following definitions:

               "TOTAL ASSETS" as of any date means the sum of (i) Undepreciated
               Real Estate Assets and (ii) all other assets of the Company and
               its Subsidiaries determined on a consolidated basis in accordance
               with generally accepted accounting principles (but excluding
               intangibles and trade receivables related to rent and other
               charges derived from leases with tenants) after eliminating
               intercompany accounts and transactions.

               "SECURED DEBT" means, without duplication, Debt that is secured
               by a mortgage, trust deed, deed of trust, deed to secure Debt,
               security agreement, pledge, conditional sale or other title
               retention agreement, capitalized lease, or other like agreement
               granting or conveying security title to or a security interest in
               real property or other tangible asset(s). Secured Debt shall be
               deemed to be incurred (i) on the date the obligor thereon
               creates, assumes, guarantees or otherwise becomes liable in
               respect thereof if it is secured in the manner described in the
               preceding sentence on such date or (ii) on the date the obligor
               thereon first secures

<PAGE>

                such Debt in the manner described in the preceding sentence
                if such Debt was not so secured on the date it was incurred.

                    Section 4. LIMITATIONS ON INCURRENCE OF SECURED DEBT. The
          following is inserted into the Indenture as Section 1015:

          Section 1015. LIMITATIONS ON INCURRENCE OF SECURED DEBT.  So long as
                 any of the Designated Securities remain outstanding, the
                 Company will not, and will not permit any Subsidiary to, incur
                 any Secured Debt, if immediately after giving effect to the
                 incurrence of such Secured Debt and the application of the
                 proceeds from such Secured Debt, the aggregate amount of all of
                 the Company's and its Subsidiaries' outstanding Secured Debt on
                 a consolidated basis is greater than 40% of the sum of (i) the
                 Company's Total Assets as of the end of the calendar quarter
                 covered in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K or
                 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the case may be, most
                 recently filed with the Commission (or, if such filing is not
                 permitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, with the
                 Trustee) prior to the incurrence of such additional Secured
                 Debt and (ii) the increase, if any, in Total Assets from the
                 end of such quarter including, without limitation, any increase
                 in Total Assets caused by the application of the proceeds of
                 additional Debt.

                    Section 5. WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS. Section 1014 of the
          Indenture is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

                 Section 1014. WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS. The Company may omit
                 in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision
                 or condition set forth in Sections 1004 to 1011, inclusive, and
                 Section 1015 if before or after the time for such compliance
                 the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of all
                 outstanding Securities thereby affected, by Act of such
                 Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or
                 generally waive compliance with such covenant or condition, but
                 no such waiver shall extend to or affect such covenant or
                 condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until
                 such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the
                 Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such
                 term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and
                 effect.

                    Section 6. COUNTERPARTS. This Second Supplemental Indenture
          may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an
          original, but all of which shall together constitute one and the same
          instrument.

                    Section 7. GOVERNING LAW. THIS SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE
          SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF
          THE STATE OF OHIO (WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO THE CONFLICT OF LAWS
          PRINCIPLES THEREOF).

                    Section 8. CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE. The Trustee shall not be
          responsible for any recital herein (other than the third recital as it
          appears as it applies to the Trustee) as such recitals shall be taken
          as statements of the Company, or the validity of the

                                      -2-

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          execution by the Company of this Second Supplemental Indenture. The
          Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of
          this Second Supplemental Indenture.

                                      -3-

<PAGE>

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to
be duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed
and attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

Attest:                                       DEVELOPERS DIVERSIFIED REALTY
                                              CORPORATION

/s/ Jerry M. Cyncynatus

Jerry M. Cyncynatus                           By:   /s/ David M. Jacobstein
Title: Assistant Secretary                       ------------------------------
                                                Name:  David M. Jacobstein
                                                Title: President and Chief
                                                       Operating Officer

Attest:                                       NATIONAL CITY BANK, as Trustee

     /s/ Illegible                            By:   /s/ James Schultz
---------------------------                      -------------------------------
Title: Vice President                           Name: James Schultz
                                                Title: Vice President

                                      -4-

<PAGE>

STATE OF OHIO        )
                     )    SS:
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA   )

          On the 18th day of July, 2003, before me personally came David M.
Jacobstein, to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that he
resides at Beachwood, Ohio, that he is the President and Chief Operating Officer
of DEVELOPERS DIVERSIFIED REALTY CORPORATION, one of the corporations described
in and which executed the foregoing instrument and that he signed his name
thereto by authority of the Board of Directors of said corporation.

[Notarial Seal]

                                      /s/ Tammy Battler
                                      ------------------------------
                                      Notary Public
                                      COMMISSION EXPIRES

                                      Tammy Battler
                                      Notary Public, State of Ohio
                                      Recorded in Cuyahoga Cty.
                                      My Comm Expires 9-26-06

STATE OF OHIO        )
                     )    SS:
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA   )

          On the 18th day of July, 2003, before me personally came James
Schultz, to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that he
resides at Cleveland, Ohio, that he is the Vice President of NATIONAL CITY BANK,
one of the corporations described in and which executed the foregoing instrument
and that he signed his name thereto by authority of the Board of Directors of
said corporation.

[Notarial Seal]

                                      /s/ Theresa Thompson
                                      ------------------------------
                                      Notary Public
                                      COMMISSION EXPIRES

                                      Theresa Thompson
                                      Notary Public, State of Ohio, Cuy. Cty.
                                      My Commission Expires Mar. 27 2006

                                      -5-<PAGE>

                                                                    EXHIBIT 4.10
              ----------------------------------------------------

                    DEVELOPERS DIVERSIFIED REALTY CORPORATION

                                       TO

                                  CHEMICAL BANK

                                     Trustee

                              --------------------

                                    Indenture

                             Dated as of May 1, 1994

                              --------------------

                          Subordinated Debt Securities

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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<TABLE>
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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                                                               Page

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RECITALS..........................................................................................................1

                                    ARTICLE 1

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION...........................................................1

         SECTION 101. Definitions.................................................................................1
                  Act.............................................................................................2
                  Additional Amounts..............................................................................2
                  Affiliate.......................................................................................2
                  Authenticating Agent............................................................................2
                  Authorized Newspaper............................................................................2
                  Bankruptcy Law..................................................................................2
                  Bearer Security.................................................................................2
                  Board of Directors..............................................................................2
                  Board Resolution................................................................................2
                  Business Day....................................................................................2
                  CEDEL...........................................................................................3
                  Commission......................................................................................3
                  Common Shares...................................................................................3
                  Company.........................................................................................3
                  Company Request and Company Order...............................................................3
                  Conversion Event................................................................................3
                  Corporate Trust Office..........................................................................3
                  Corporation.....................................................................................3
                  Coupon..........................................................................................3
                  Defaulted Interest..............................................................................3
                  Dollar or $.....................................................................................3
                  ECU.............................................................................................3
                  Euroclear.......................................................................................4
                  European Communities............................................................................4
                  European Monetary System........................................................................4
                  Event of Default................................................................................4
                  Excess Proceeds.................................................................................4
                  Foreign Currency................................................................................4
                  GAAP............................................................................................4
                  Government Obligations..........................................................................4
                  Holder..........................................................................................4
                  Indenture.......................................................................................4
                  Indexed Security................................................................................5
                  Interest........................................................................................5
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                  Interest Payment Date...........................................................................5
                  Maturity........................................................................................5
                  Officers' Certificate...........................................................................5
                  Opinion of Counsel..............................................................................5
                  Original Issue Discount Security................................................................5
                  Outstanding.....................................................................................5
                  Paying Agent....................................................................................7
                  Person..........................................................................................7
                  Place of Payment................................................................................7
                  Predecessor Security............................................................................7
                  Preferred Shares................................................................................7
                  Redemption Date.................................................................................7
                  Redemption Price................................................................................7
                  Registered Security.............................................................................7
                  Regular Record Date.............................................................................7
                  Repayment Date..................................................................................7
                  Repayment Price.................................................................................7
                  Responsible Officer.............................................................................7
                  Security........................................................................................8
                  Security Register and Security Registrar........................................................8
                  Senior Indebtedness\............................................................................8
                  Significant Subsidiary..........................................................................8
                  Special Record Date.............................................................................8
                  Stated Maturity.................................................................................8
                  Subsidiary......................................................................................8
                  Trust Indenture Act or TIA......................................................................9
                  Trustee.........................................................................................9
                  United States...................................................................................9
                  United States person............................................................................9
                  Yield to Maturity...............................................................................9
         SECTION 102. Compliance Certificates and Opinions........................................................9
         SECTION 103. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.....................................................10
         SECTION 104. Acts of Holders............................................................................10
         SECTION 105. Notices, etc., to Trustee and Company......................................................12
         SECTION 106. Notice to Holders; Waiver..................................................................12
         SECTION 107. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents...................................................13
         SECTION 108. Successors and Assigns.....................................................................13
         SECTION 109. Separability Clause........................................................................13
         SECTION 110. Benefits of Indenture......................................................................13
         SECTION 111. Governing Law..............................................................................13
         SECTION 112. Legal Holidays.............................................................................14

                                    ARTICLE 2

SECURITIES FORMS.................................................................................................14

         SECTION 201. Forms of Securities........................................................................14
</TABLE>

                                       ii
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         SECTION 202. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication............................................14
         SECTION 203. Securities Issuable in Global Form.........................................................15

                                    ARTICLE 3

THE SECURITIES...................................................................................................16

         SECTION 301. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.......................................................16
         SECTION 302. Denominations..............................................................................19
         SECTION 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.............................................19
         SECTION 304. Temporary Securities.......................................................................22
         SECTION 305. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange........................................24
         SECTION 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities...........................................27
         SECTION 307. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.............................................28
         SECTION 308. Persons Deemed Owners......................................................................30
         SECTION 309. Cancellation...............................................................................31
         SECTION 310. Computation of Interest....................................................................31

                                    ARTICLE 4

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE.......................................................................................31

         SECTION 401. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture....................................................31
         SECTION 402. Application of Trust Funds.................................................................33

                                    ARTICLE 5

REMEDIES.........................................................................................................33

         SECTION 501. Events of Default..........................................................................33
         SECTION 502. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.........................................35
         SECTION 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee............................36
         SECTION 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim...........................................................36
         SECTION 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities or Coupons.....................37
         SECTION 506. Application of Money Collected.............................................................37
         SECTION 507. Limitation on Suits........................................................................38
         SECTION 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium, if
                      any, and Interest and Additional Amounts...................................................38
         SECTION 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies.........................................................39
         SECTION 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative.............................................................39
         SECTION 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver...............................................................39
         SECTION 512. Control by Holders of Securities...........................................................39
         SECTION 513. Waiver of Past Defaults....................................................................39
         SECTION 514. Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws....................................................40
         SECTION 515. Undertaking for Costs......................................................................40
</TABLE>

                                      iii
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                                    ARTICLE 6

THE TRUSTEE......................................................................................................40

         SECTION 601. Notice of Defaults.........................................................................40
         SECTION 602. Certain Rights of Trustee..................................................................41
         SECTION 603. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.....................................42
         SECTION 604. May Hold Securities........................................................................42
         SECTION 605. Money Held in Trust........................................................................42
         SECTION 606. Compensation and Reimbursement.............................................................43
         SECTION 607. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility; Conflicting Interests.............................43
         SECTION 608. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor..........................................43
         SECTION 609. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.....................................................45
         SECTION 610. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business................................46
         SECTION 611. Appointment of Authenticating Agent........................................................46

                                    ARTICLE 7

HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY................................................................48

         SECTION 701. Disclosure of Names and Addresses of Holders...............................................48
         SECTION 702. Reports by Trustee.........................................................................48
         SECTION 703. Reports by Company.........................................................................48
         SECTION 704. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders..................................49

                                    ARTICLE 8

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE, LEASE OR CONVEYANCE.................................................................49

         SECTION 801. Consolidations and Mergers of Company and Sales, Leases and
                  Conveyances Permitted Subject to Certain Conditions............................................49
         SECTION 802. Rights and Duties of Successor Corporation.................................................49
         SECTION 803. Officers' Certificate and Opinion of Counsel...............................................50

                                    ARTICLE 9

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES..........................................................................................50

         SECTION 901. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.........................................50
         SECTION 902. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders............................................52
         SECTION 903. Execution of Supplemental Indentures.......................................................53
         SECTION 904. Effect of Supplemental Indentures..........................................................53
         SECTION 905. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act........................................................53
         SECTION 906. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.........................................53
</TABLE>

                                       iv

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                                   ARTICLE 10

COVENANTS........................................................................................................53

         SECTION 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium, if any, Interest and Additional Amounts....................53
         SECTION 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency...........................................................54
         SECTION 1003. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.........................................55
         SECTION 1004. Statement as to Compliance................................................................57
         SECTION 1005. Additional Amounts........................................................................57

                                   ARTICLE 11

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES.........................................................................................58

         SECTION 1101. Applicability of Article..................................................................58
         SECTION 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.....................................................58
         SECTION 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed.........................................58
         SECTION 1104. Notice of Redemption......................................................................59
         SECTION 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price...............................................................60
         SECTION 1106. Securities Payable on Redemption Date.....................................................60
         SECTION 1107. Securities Redeemed in Part...............................................................61
         SECTION 1108. Conversion Arrangement on Call for Redemption.............................................61

                                   ARTICLE 12

SINKING FUNDS....................................................................................................62

         SECTION 1201. Applicability of Article..................................................................62
         SECTION 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.....................................62
         SECTION 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.................................................63

                                   ARTICLE 13

REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS...............................................................................63

         SECTION 1301. Applicability of Article..................................................................63
         SECTION 1302. Repayment of Securities...................................................................63
         SECTION 1303. Exercise of Option........................................................................63
         SECTION 1304. When Securities Presented for Repayment Become Due and Payable............................64
         SECTION 1305. Securities Repaid in Part.................................................................65
</TABLE>

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                                   ARTICLE 14

DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE...............................................................................65

         SECTION 1401. Applicability of Article; Company's Option to Effect
                  Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance..............................................................65
         SECTION 1402. Defeasance and Discharge..................................................................66
         SECTION 1403. Covenant Defeasance.......................................................................66
         SECTION 1404. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance...........................................67

                                   ARTICLE 15

MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES................................................................................69

         SECTION 1501. Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called.................................................69
         SECTION 1502. Call, Notice and Place of Meetings........................................................69
         SECTION 1503. Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings......................................................70
         SECTION 1504. Quorum; Action............................................................................70
         SECTION 1505. Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings.......................71
         SECTION 1506. Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings...........................................72

                                   ARTICLE 16

CONVERSION OF SECURITIES.........................................................................................72

         SECTION 1601. Applicability of Article..................................................................72
         SECTION 1602. Right of Holders to Convert Securities into Common Shares.................................73
         SECTION 1603. Issuance of Common Shares on Conversions..................................................73
         SECTION 1604. No Payment or Adjustment for Interest or Dividends........................................74
         SECTION 1605. Adjustment of Conversion Price............................................................75
         SECTION 1606. No Fractional Shares to be Issued.........................................................78
         SECTION 1607. Preservation of Conversion Rights upon Consolidation, Merger,
                          Sale or Conveyance.....................................................................78
         SECTION 1608. Notice to Holders of the Securities of a Series Prior to Taking
                          Certain Types of Action ...............................................................79
         SECTION 1609. Covenants to Reserve Shares for Issuance on Conversion of Securities......................80
         SECTION 1610. Compliance with Governmental Requirements.................................................80
         SECTION 1611. Payment of Taxes upon Certificates for Shares Issued upon Conversion......................80
         SECTION 1612. Trustee's Duties with Respect to Conversion Provisions....................................80
         SECTION 1613. Conversion of Securities Into Preferred Stock.............................................81
</TABLE>

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                                   ARTICLE 17

SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES......................................................................................81

         SECTION 1701. Securities Subordinated to Senior Indebtedness............................................81
         SECTION 1702. Subrogation...............................................................................82
         SECTION 1703. Obligation of the Company Unconditional...................................................83
         SECTION 1704. Payments on Securities Permitted..........................................................83
         SECTION 1705. Effectuation of Subordination by Trustee..................................................83
         SECTION 1706. Knowledge of Trustee......................................................................83
         SECTION 1707. Trustee May Hold Senior Indebtedness......................................................84
         SECTION 1708. Rights of Holders of Senior Indebtedness Not Impaired.....................................84
</TABLE>

TESTIMONIUM
SIGNATURES AND SEALS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
EXHIBIT A - FORMS OF CERTIFICATION

                                      vii

<PAGE>

                    DEVELOPERS DIVERSIFIED REALTY CORPORATION

         Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (the "1939
Act") and Indenture, dated as of May 1, 1994

1939 Act Section                                     Indenture Section

Section 310(a)(1)...................................       607(a)
           (a)(2)...................................       607(a)
           (b)......................................       607(b), 608
Section 312(c)......................................       701
Section 314(a)......................................       703
           (a)(4)...................................       1006
           (c)(1)...................................       102
           (c)(2)...................................       102
           (e)......................................       102
Section 315(b)......................................       601
Section 316(a) (last sentence)......................       101 ("Outstanding")
           (a)(1)(A)................................       502, 512
           (a)(1)(B)................................       513
           (b)......................................       508
Section 317(a)(1)...................................       503
           (a)(2)...................................       504
Section 318(a)......................................       111
           (c)......................................       111

---------------

NOTE:    This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be
         a part of the Indenture.

         Attention should also be directed to Section 318(c) of the 1939 Act,
which provides that the provisions of Sections 310 to and including 317 of the
1939 Act are a part of and govern every qualified indenture, whether or not
physically contained therein.

                                      viii

<PAGE>

                  INDENTURE, dated as of May 1, 1994, between DEVELOPERS
DIVERSIFIED REALTY CORPORATION, an Ohio corporation (hereinafter called the
"Company"), having its principal office at 34555 Chagrin Boulevard, Moreland
Hills, Ohio 44022, and CHEMICAL BANK, a corporation duly organized and existing
under the laws of the State of New York, as Trustee hereunder (hereinafter
called the "Trustee"), having its Corporate Trust Office at 450 West 33rd
Street, New York, New York 10001.

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

                  The Company deems it necessary to issue from time to time for
its lawful purposes subordinated debt securities (hereinafter called the
"Securities") evidencing its unsecured and subordinated indebtedness, and has
duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the
issuance from time to time of the Securities, unlimited as to principal amount,
to bear interest at the rates or formulas, to mature at such times and to have
such other provisions as shall be fixed as hereinafter provided.

                  This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, that are deemed to be incorporated into this
Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions.

                  All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement
of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

                  NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

                  For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of
the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for
the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities, as
follows:

                                  ARTICLE 1

             DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

         SECTION 101. DEFINITIONS. For all purposes of this Indenture, except as
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

                  (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings
         assigned to them in this Article, and include the plural as well as the
         singular;

                  (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the TIA,
         either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to
         them therein, and the terms "cash transaction" and "self-liquidating
         paper", as used in TIA Section 311, shall have the meanings assigned to
         them in the rules of the Commission adopted under the TIA;

                  (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the
         meanings assigned to them in accordance with GAAP; and

<PAGE>

                  (4) the words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and other
         words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to
         any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

                  Certain terms, used principally in Article Three, Article
Five, Article Six and Article Ten, are defined in those Articles.

                  "ACT", when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning
specified in Section 104.

                  "ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS" means any additional amounts which are
required by a Security or by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, under
circumstances specified therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain
taxes imposed on certain Holders and which are owing to such Holders.

                  "AFFILIATE" of any specified Person means any other Person
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect
common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise;
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the
foregoing.

                  "AUTHENTICATING AGENT" means any authenticating agent
appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 611.

                  "AUTHORIZED NEWSPAPER" means a newspaper, printed in the
English language or in an official language of the country of publication,
customarily published on each Business Day, whether or not published on
Saturdays, Sundays or holidays, and of general circulation in each place in
connection with which the term is used or in the financial community of each
such place. Whenever successive publications are required to be made in
Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same or in
different Authorized Newspapers in the same city meeting the foregoing
requirements and in each case on any Business Day.

                  "BANKRUPTCY LAW" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

                  "BEARER SECURITY" means any Security established pursuant to
Section 201 which is payable to bearer.

                  "BOARD OF DIRECTORS" means the board of directors of the
Company, the executive committee or any committee of that board duly authorized
to act hereunder.

                  "BOARD RESOLUTION" means a copy of a resolution certified by
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted
by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

                  "BUSINESS DAY", when used with respect to any Place of Payment
or any other particular location referred to in this Indenture or in the
Securities, means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities
pursuant to Section 301, any day, other than a Saturday

                                       2
<PAGE>

or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking
institutions in that Place of Payment or particular location are authorized or
required by law, regulation or executive order to close.

                  "CEDEL" means Centrale de Livraison de Valeurs Mobilieres,
S.A., or its successor.

                  "COMMISSION" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as
from time to time constituted, created under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, or, if at any time after execution of this instrument such Commission is
not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust
Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties on such date.

                  "COMMON SHARES" means, with respect to any Person, capital
stock issued by such Person other than Preferred Shares.

                  "COMPANY" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first
paragraph of this Indenture until a successor corporation shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor corporation.

                  "COMPANY REQUEST" and "COMPANY ORDER" mean, respectively, a
written request or order signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of
the Board, the President or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant
Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Company, and
delivered to the Trustee.

                  "CONVERSION EVENT" means the cessation of use of (i) a Foreign
Currency both by the government of the country which issued such currency and
for the settlement of transactions by a central bank or other public
institutions of or within the international banking community, (ii) the ECU both
within the European Monetary System and for the settlement of transactions by
public institutions of or within the European Communities or (iii) any currency
unit (or composite currency) other than the ECU for the purposes for which it
was established.

                  "CORPORATE TRUST OFFICE" means the office of the Trustee at
which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally
administered, which office at the date hereof is located at 450 West 33rd
Street, New York, New York 10001.

                  "CORPORATION" includes corporations, associations, companies
and business trusts.

                  "COUPON" means any interest coupon appertaining to a Bearer
Security.

                  "DEFAULTED INTEREST" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

                  "DOLLAR" or "$" means a dollar or other equivalent unit in
such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time shall be
legal tender for the payment of public and private debts.

                  "ECU" means the European Currency Unit as defined and revised
from time to time by the Council of the European Communities.

                                       3
<PAGE>

                  "EUROCLEAR" means Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York,
Brussels Office, or its successor as operator of the Euroclear System.

                  "EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES" means the European Economic Community,
the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Atomic Energy Community.

                  "EUROPEAN MONETARY SYSTEM" means the European Monetary System
established by the Resolution of December 5, 1978 of the Council of the European
Communities.

                  "EVENT OF DEFAULT" has the meaning specified in Article Five.

                  "EXCESS PROCEEDS" has the meaning specified in Section 1609.

                  "FOREIGN CURRENCY" means any currency, currency unit or
composite currency, including, without limitation, the ECU, issued by the
government of one or more countries other than the United States of America or
by any recognized confederation or association of such governments.

                  "GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles, as in
effect from time to time, as used in the United States applied on a consistent
basis.

                  "GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS" means securities which are (i) direct
obligations of the United States of America or the government which issued the
Foreign Currency in which the Securities of a particular series are payable, for
the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of
a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality
of the United States of America or such government which issued the foreign
currency in which the Securities of such series are payable, the payment of
which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the
United States of America or such other government, which, in either case, are
not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also
include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with
respect to any such Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on
or principal of any such Government Obligation held by such custodian for the
account of the holder of a depository receipt, PROVIDED that (except as required
by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount
payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the
custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of
interest on or principal of the Government Obligation evidenced by such
depository receipt.

                  "HOLDER" means, in the case of a Registered Security, the
Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Security Register and, in
the case of a Bearer Security, the bearer thereof and, when used with respect to
any coupon, shall mean the bearer thereof.

                  "INDENTURE" means this instrument as originally executed or as
it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof,
and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities established as
contemplated by Section 301; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, if at any time more than
one Person is acting as Trustee under this instrument, "INDENTURE" shall mean,
with respect to any one or more series of Securities for which such Person is
Trustee, this instrument

                                       4
<PAGE>

as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended
by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the
applicable provisions hereof and shall include the terms of the or those
particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established as
contemplated by Section 301, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms
which relate solely to other series of Securities for which such Person is
Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted, and exclusive
of any provisions or terms adopted by means of one or more indentures
supplemental hereto executed and delivered after such Person had become such
Trustee but to which such Person, as such Trustee, was not a party.

                  "INDEXED SECURITY" means a Security the terms of which provide
that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less
than the principal face amount thereof at original issuance.

                  "INTEREST", when used with respect to an Original Issue
Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, shall
mean interest payable after Maturity, and, when used with respect to a Security
which provides for the payment of Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 1005,
includes such Additional Amounts.

                  "INTEREST PAYMENT DATE", when used with respect to any
Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such
Security.

                  "MATURITY", when used with respect to any Security, means the
date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal
becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated
Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, notice of redemption, notice of
option to elect repayment or otherwise.

                  "OFFICERS' CERTIFICATE" means a certificate signed by the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or a Vice President and by the
Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of
the Company, and delivered to the Trustee.

                  "OPINION OF COUNSEL" means a written opinion of counsel, who
may be counsel for the Company or who may be an employee of or other counsel for
the Company and who shall be satisfactory to the Trustee.

                  "ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT SECURITY" means any Security which
provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and
payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
Section 502.

                  "OUTSTANDING", when used with respect to Securities, means, as
of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture, EXCEPT:

                  (i) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or
         delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

                  (ii) Securities, or portions thereof, for whose payment or
         redemption or repayment at the option of the Holder money in the
         necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any
         Paying Agent (other than the Company) in

                                       5
<PAGE>

         trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the
         Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such
         Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto, PROVIDED that, if such
         Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly
         given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to
         the Trustee has been made;

                  (iii) Securities, except to the extent provided in Sections
         1402 and 1403, with respect to which the Company has effected
         defeasance and/or covenant defeasance as provided in Article Fourteen;

                  (iv) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 306
         or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been
         authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any
         such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to
         the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a
         bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid
         obligations of the Company; and

                  (v) Securities converted into Common Shares or Preferred
         Shares in accordance with or as contemplated by this Indenture, if the
         terms of such Securities provide for convertibility pursuant to Section
         301;

PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder or are present at
a meeting of Holders for quorum purposes, and for the purpose of making the
calculations required by TIA Section 313, (i) the principal amount of an
Original Issue Discount Security that may be counted in making such
determination or calculation and that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such
purpose shall be equal to the amount of principal thereof that would be (or
shall have been declared to be) due and payable, at the time of such
determination, upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof
pursuant to Section 502, (ii) the principal amount of any Security denominated
in a Foreign Currency that may be counted in making such determination or
calculation and that shall be deemed Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal
to the Dollar equivalent, determined pursuant to Section 301 as of the date such
Security is originally issued by the Company, of the principal amount (or, in
the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the Dollar equivalent as of
such date of original issuance of the amount determined as provided in clause
(i) above) of such Security, (iii) the principal amount of any Indexed Security
that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall
be deemed outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the principal face
amount of such Indexed Security at original issuance, unless otherwise provided
with respect to such Security pursuant to Section 301, and (iv) Securities owned
by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the
Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be
Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected
in making such calculation or in relying upon any such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which the
Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which
have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee
establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act
with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any
other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such
other obligor.

                                       6
<PAGE>

                  "PAYING AGENT" means any Person authorized by the Company to
pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities or
coupons on behalf of the Company.

                  "PERSON" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint
venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

                  "PLACE OF PAYMENT", when used with respect to the Securities
of or within any series, means the place or places where the principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest on such Securities are payable as specified as
contemplated by Sections 301 and 1002.

                  "PREDECESSOR SECURITY" of any particular Security means every
previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced
by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any
Security authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in
lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or a Security to which a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains shall be deemed to
evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or
the Security to which the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon
appertains.

                  "PREFERRED SHARES" means, with respect to any Person, capital
stock issued by such Person that is entitled to a preference or priority over
any other capital stock issued by such Person upon any distribution of such
Person's assets, whether by dividend or upon liquidation.

                  "REDEMPTION DATE", when used with respect to any Security to
be redeemed, in whole or in part, means the date fixed for such redemption by or
pursuant to this Indenture.

                  "REDEMPTION PRICE", when used with respect to any Security to
be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this
Indenture.

                  "REGISTERED SECURITY" shall mean any Security which is
registered in the Security Register.

                  "REGULAR RECORD DATE" for the interest payable on any Interest
Payment Date on the Registered Securities of or within any series means the date
specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 301, whether or not a
Business Day.

                  "REPAYMENT DATE" means, when used with respect to any Security
to be repaid at the option of the Holder, the date fixed for such repayment by
or pursuant to this Indenture.

                  "REPAYMENT PRICE" means, when used with respect to any
Security to be repaid at the option of the Holder, the price at which it is to
be repaid by or pursuant to this Indenture.

                  "RESPONSIBLE OFFICER", when used with respect to the Trustee,
means the chairman or vice-chairman of the board of directors, the chairman or
vice-chairman of the executive committee of the board of directors, the
president, any vice president (whether or not designated by a number or a word
or words added before or after the title "vice president"), the secretary, any
assistant secretary, the treasurer, any assistant treasurer, the cashier, any
assistant

                                       7
<PAGE>

cashier, any trust officer or assistant trust officer, the controller or any
other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those
performed by any of the above designated officers.

                  "SECURITY" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this
Indenture and, more particularly, means any Security or Securities authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture; PROVIDED, however, that, if at any time
there is more than one Person acting as Trustee under this Indenture,
"Securities" with respect to the Indenture as to which such Person is Trustee
shall have the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and shall
more particularly mean Securities authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture, exclusive, however, of Securities of any series as to which such
Person is not Trustee.

                  "SECURITY REGISTER" and "SECURITY REGISTRAR" have the
respective meanings specified in Section 305.

                  "SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS" means (i) the principal of and premium,
if any, and unpaid interest on indebtedness for money borrowed, (ii) purchase
money and similar obligations, (iii) obligations under capital leases, (iv)
guarantees, assumptions or purchase commitments relating to, or other
transactions as a result of which the Company is responsible for the payment of,
such indebtedness of others, (v) renewals, extensions and refunding of any such
indebtedness, (vi) interest or obligations in respect of any such indebtedness
accruing after the commencement of any insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings; and
(vii) obligations associated with derivative products such as interest rate and
currency exchange contracts, foreign exchange contracts, commodity contracts,
and similar arrangements, unless, in each case, the instrument by which the
Company incurred, assumed or guaranteed the indebtedness or obligations
described in clauses (i) through (vii) hereof expressly provides that such
indebtedness or obligation is subordinate or junior in right of payment to any
other indebtedness or obligations of the Company.

                  "SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARY" means any Subsidiary which is a
"significant subsidiary" (as defined in Article I, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X,
promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933) of the Company.

                  "SPECIAL RECORD DATE" for the payment of any Defaulted
Interest on the Registered Securities of or within any series means a date fixed
by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

                  "STATED MATURITY", when used with respect to any Security or
any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date
specified in such Security or a coupon representing such installment of interest
as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of
principal or interest is due and payable, as such date may be extended pursuant
to the provisions of Section 308.

                  "SUBSIDIARY" means a corporation a majority of the outstanding
voting stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or by one
or more other Subsidiaries of the Company. For the purposes of this definition,
"voting stock" means stock having voting

                                       8
<PAGE>

power for the election of directors, whether at all times or only so long as no
senior class of stock has such voting power by reason of any contingency.

                  "TRUST INDENTURE ACT" or "TIA" means the Trust Indenture Act
of 1939, as amended and as in force at the date as of which this Indenture was
executed, except as provided in Section 905.

                  "TRUSTEE" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first
paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Trustee shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if at any time there is more than one such Person,
"Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean only
the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

                  "UNITED STATES" means, unless otherwise specified with respect
to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, the United States of America
(including the states and the District of Columbia), its territories, its
possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction.

                  "UNITED STATES PERSON" means, unless otherwise specified with
respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, an individual who is a
citizen or resident of the United States, a corporation, partnership or other
entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or an
estate or trust the income of which is subject to United States federal income
taxation regardless of its source.

                  "YIELD TO MATURITY" means the yield to maturity, computed at
the time of issuance of a Security (or, if applicable, at the most recent
redetermination of interest on such Security) and as set forth in such Security
in accordance with generally accepted United States bond yield computation
principles.

                  SECTION 102. COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS. Upon any
application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under
any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an
Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided
for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with
and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such
conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case
of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents
is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such
particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be
furnished.

                  Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than pursuant to
Section 1004) shall include:

                  (1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate
         or opinion has read such condition or covenant and the definitions
         herein relating thereto;

                  (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
         examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions
         contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

                                       9
<PAGE>

                  (3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual,
         he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable
         him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such condition
         or covenant has been satisfied or complied with; and

                  (4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such
         individual, such condition or covenant has been satisfied or complied
         with.

                  SECTION 103. FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE. In any
case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an
opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be
certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they
be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify
or give an opinion as to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to
other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such
matters in one or several documents.

                  Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be
based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel, or a
certificate or representations by counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the
exercise of reasonable care should know, that the opinion, certificate or
representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or
opinion is based are erroneous. Any such Opinion of Counsel or certificate or
representations may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a
certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the
Company stating that the information as to such factual matters is in the
possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows that the certificate or
opinion or representations as to such matters are erroneous.

                  Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or
more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or
other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated
and form one instrument.

                  SECTION 104. ACTS OF HOLDERS. (a) Any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by
this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders of the Outstanding Securities of
all series or one or more series, as the case may be, may be embodied in and
evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by
such Holders in person or by agents duly appointed in writing. If Securities of
a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to
be given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series may, alternatively, be
embodied in and evidenced by the record of Holders of Securities of such series
voting in favor thereof, either in person or by proxies duly appointed in
writing, at any meeting of Holders of Securities of such series duly called and
held in accordance with the provisions of Article Fifteen, or a combination of
such instruments and any such record. Except as herein otherwise expressly
provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments
or record or both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly
required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record
(and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes
referred to as the "Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments
or so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or
of a writing appointing any such agent, or of the holding by any Person of a
Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and

                                       10
<PAGE>

conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company and any agent of the Trustee
or the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section. The record of
any meeting of Holders of Securities shall be proved in the manner provided in
Section 1506.

                  (b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any
         such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness
         of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other
         officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying
         that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to
         him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting
         in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such certificate or
         affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his authority. The
         fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or
         the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in
         any other reasonable manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

                  (c) The ownership of Registered Securities shall be proved by
         the Security Register.

                  (d) The ownership of Bearer Securities may be proved by the
         production of such Bearer Securities or by a certificate executed, as
         depositary, by any trust company, bank, banker or other depositary,
         wherever situated, if such certificate shall be deemed by the Trustee
         to be satisfactory, showing that at the date therein mentioned such
         Person had on deposit with such depositary, or exhibited to it, the
         Bearer Securities therein described; or such facts may be proved by the
         certificate or affidavit of the Person holding such Bearer Securities,
         if such certificate or affidavit is deemed by the Trustee to be
         satisfactory. The Trustee and the Company may assume that such
         ownership of any Bearer Security continues until (1) another
         certificate or affidavit bearing a later date issued in respect of the
         same Bearer Security is produced, or (2) such Bearer Security is
         produced to the Trustee by some other Person, or (3) such Bearer
         Security is surrendered in exchange for a Registered Security, or (4)
         such Bearer Security is no longer Outstanding. The ownership of Bearer
         Securities may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee
         deems sufficient.

                  (e) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders of
         Registered Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction,
         notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may, at its option,
         in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, fix in advance a record date for
         the determination of Holders entitled to give such request, demand,
         authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the
         Company shall have no obligation to do so. Notwithstanding TIA Section
         316(c), such record date shall be the record date specified in or
         pursuant to such Board Resolution, which shall be a date not earlier
         than the date 30 days prior to the first solicitation of Holders
         generally in connection therewith and not later than the date such
         solicitation is completed. If such a record date is fixed, such
         request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
         other Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the
         Holders of record at the close of business on such record date shall be
         deemed to be Holders for the purposes of determining whether Holders of
         the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized or
         agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction,
         notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the
         Outstanding

                                       11
<PAGE>

         Securities shall be computed as of such record date; PROVIDED that no
         such authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders on such record
         date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective
         pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than eleven
         months after the record date.

                  (f) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
         consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind
         every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every
         Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in
         exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done,
         omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee, any Security Registrar,
         any Paying Agent, any Authenticating Agent or the Company in reliance
         thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such
         Security.

                  SECTION 105. NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY. Any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of
Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made
upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

                  (1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or
         filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office,
         Attention: Corporate Trust Administration, or

                  (2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein
         expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first class postage
         prepaid, to the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal
         office specified in the first paragraph of this Indenture or at any
         other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the
         Company.

                  SECTION 106. NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER. Where this Indenture
provides for notice of any event to Holders of Registered Securities by the
Company or the Trustee, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless
otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class
postage prepaid, to each such Holder affected by such event, at his address as
it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not
earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any
case where notice to Holders of Registered Securities is given by mail, neither
the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any
particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to
other Holders of Registered Securities or the sufficiency of any notice to
Holders of Bearer Securities given as provided herein. Any notice mailed to a
Holder in the manner herein prescribed shall be conclusively deemed to have been
received by such Holder, whether or not such Holder actually receives such
notice.

                  If by reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular
mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give
such notice by mail, then such notification to Holders of Registered Securities
as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient
notification to such Holders for every purpose hereunder.

                  Except as otherwise expressly provided herein or otherwise
specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, where this
Indenture provides for notice to Holders of

                                       12
<PAGE>

Bearer Securities of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given if
published in an Authorized Newspaper in The City of New York and in such other
city or cities as may be specified in such Securities on a Business Day, such
publication to be not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the
earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. Any such notice shall
be deemed to have been given on the date of such publication or, if published
more than once, on the date of the first such publication.

                  If by reason of the suspension of publication of any
Authorized Newspaper or Authorized Newspapers or by reason of any other cause it
shall be impracticable to publish any notice to Holders of Bearer Securities as
provided above, then such notification to Holders of Bearer Securities as shall
be given with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute sufficient notice to
such Holders for every purpose hereunder. Neither the failure to give notice by
publication to any particular Holder of Bearer Securities as provided above, nor
any defect in any notice so published, shall affect the sufficiency of such
notice with respect to other Holders of Bearer Securities or the sufficiency of
any notice to Holders of Registered Securities given as provided herein.

                  Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent
or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English
language, except that any published notice may be in an official language of the
country of publication.

                  Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such
notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice,
either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of
such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but
such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action
taken in reliance upon such waiver.

                  SECTION 107. EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS. The
Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for
convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

                  SECTION 108. SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. All covenants and
agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and
assigns, whether so expressed or not.

                  SECTION 109. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE. In case any provision in
this Indenture or in any Security or coupon shall be invalid, illegal or
unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining
provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

                  SECTION 110. BENEFITS OF INDENTURE. Nothing in this Indenture
or in the Securities or coupons, express or implied, shall give to any Person,
other than the parties hereto, any Security Registrar, any Paying Agent, any
Authenticating Agent and their successors hereunder and the Holders any benefit
or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

                  SECTION 111. GOVERNING LAW. This Indenture and the Securities
and coupons shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the
State of New York. This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the TIA that
are required to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable,
be governed by such provisions.

                                       13
<PAGE>

                  SECTION 112. LEGAL HOLIDAYS. In any case where any Interest
Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date, sinking fund payment date, Stated
Maturity or Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of
Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any
Security or coupon other than a provision in the Securities of any series which
specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu hereof), payment of
interest or any Additional Amounts or principal (and premium, if any) need not
be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next
succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect
as if made on the Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date or
sinking fund payment date, or at the Stated Maturity or Maturity, PROVIDED that
no interest shall accrue on the amount so payable for the period from and after
such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date, sinking fund
payment date, Stated Maturity or Maturity, as the case may be.

                                   ARTICLE 2

                                SECURITIES FORMS

                  SECTION 201. FORMS OF SECURITIES. The Registered Securities,
if any, of each series and the Bearer Securities, if any, of each series and
related coupons shall be in substantially the forms as shall be established in
one or more indentures supplemental hereto or approved from time to time by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution in accordance with Section 301, shall have such
appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are
required or permitted by this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto,
and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or
designation and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as the Company may
deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this
Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or
regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any stock
exchange on which the Securities may be listed, or to conform to usage.

                  Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301,
Bearer Securities shall have interest coupons attached.

                  The definitive Securities and coupons shall be printed,
lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods on a
steel engraved border or steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other
manner, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities or coupons,
as evidenced by their execution of such Securities or coupons.

                  SECTION 202. FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION.
Subject to Section 611, the Trustee's certificate of authentication shall be in
substantially the following form:

                                       14
<PAGE>

                  This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein
referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                     CHEMICAL BANK,
                                     as Trustee

                                     By
                                       --------------------------------
                                       Authorized Officer

                  SECTION 203. SECURITIES ISSUABLE IN GLOBAL FORM. If Securities
of or within a series are issuable in global form, as specified as contemplated
by Section 301, then, notwithstanding clause (8) of Section 301 and the
provisions of Section 302, any such Security shall represent such of the
Outstanding Securities of such series as shall be specified therein and may
provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities
of such series from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount
of Outstanding Securities of such series represented thereby may from time to
time be increased or decreased to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of a
Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in
the amount, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby shall be made by the
Trustee in such manner and upon instructions given by such Person or Persons as
shall be specified therein or in the Company Order to be delivered to the
Trustee pursuant to Section 303 or 304. Subject to the provisions of Section 303
and, if applicable, Section 304, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any
Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon instructions given by
the Person or Persons specified therein or in the applicable Company Order. If a
Company Order pursuant to Section 303 or 304 has been, or is, delivered, any
instructions by the Company with respect to endorsement or delivery or
redelivery of a Security in global form shall be in writing but need not comply
with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel.

                  The provisions of the last sentence of Section 303 shall apply
to any Security represented by a Security in global form if such Security was
never issued and sold by the Company and the Company delivers to the Trustee the
Security in global form together with written instructions (which need not
comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel)
with regard to the reduction in the principal amount of Securities represented
thereby, together with the written statement contemplated by the last sentence
of Section 303.

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 307, unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, payment of principal of and
any premium and interest on any Security in permanent global form shall be made
to the Person or Persons specified therein.

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 309 and except as
provided in the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of
the Company and the Trustee shall treat as the Holder of such principal amount
of Outstanding Securities represented by a permanent global Security (i) in the
case of a permanent global Security in registered form, the Holder of such
permanent global Security in registered form, or (ii) in the case of a permanent
global Security in bearer form, Euroclear or CEDEL.

                                       15
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE 3

                                 THE SECURITIES

                  SECTION 301. AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES. The
aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

                  The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There
shall be established in one or more Board Resolutions or pursuant to authority
granted by one or more Board Resolutions and, subject to Section 303, set forth,
or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers' Certificate, or
established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance
of Securities of any series, any or all of the following, as applicable (each of
which (except for the matters set forth in clauses (1), (2) and (15) below), if
so provided, may be determined from time to time by the Company with respect to
unissued Securities of the series when issued from time to time):

                  (1) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall
         distinguish the Securities of such series from all other series of
         Securities);

                  (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the
         Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under
         this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon
         registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other
         Securities of the series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906, 1107
         or 1305);

                  (3) the date or dates, or the method by which such date or
         dates will be determined or extended, on which the principal of the
         Securities of the series shall be payable;

                  (4) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series
         shall bear interest, if any, or the method by which such rate or rates
         shall be determined, the date or dates from which such interest shall
         accrue or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined,
         the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable and
         the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on any
         Registered Security on any Interest Payment Date, or the method by
         which such date shall be determined, and the basis upon which interest
         shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve
         30-day months;

                  (5) the place or places, if any, other than or in addition to
         the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, where the principal of
         (and premium, if any), interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if
         any, payable in respect of, Securities of the series shall be payable,
         any Registered Securities of the series may be surrendered for
         registration of transfer, Securities of the series may be surrendered
         for transfer, exchange or conversion and notices or demands to or upon
         the Company in respect of the Securities of the series and this
         Indenture may be served;

                  (6) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at
         which, the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite
         currency or currencies in which, and other terms and conditions upon
         which Securities of the series may be

                                       16
<PAGE>

         redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, if the
         Company is to have the option;

                  (7) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, repay or
         purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or
         analogous provision or at the option of a Holder thereof, and the
         period or periods within which or the date or dates on which, the price
         or prices at which, the currency or currencies, currency unit or units
         or composite currency or currencies in which, and other terms and
         conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed,
         repaid or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

                  (8) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral
         multiple thereof, the denominations in which any Registered Securities
         of the series shall be issuable and, if other than the denomination of
         $5,000, the denomination or denominations in which any Bearer
         Securities of the series shall be issuable;

                  (9) if other than the Trustee, the identity of each Security
         Registrar and/or Paying Agent;

                  (10) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion
         of the principal amount of Securities of the series that shall be
         payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof
         pursuant to Section 502 or, if applicable, the portion of the principal
         amount of Securities of the series that is convertible in accordance
         with the provisions of this Indenture or the method by which such
         portion shall be determined;

                  (11) if other than Dollars, the Foreign Currency or Foreign
         Currencies in which payment of the principal of (and premium, if any)
         or interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on the Securities of the
         series shall be payable or in which the Securities of the series shall
         be denominated;

                  (12) whether the amount of payments of principal of (and
         premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Securities of the series
         may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method
         (which index, formula or method may be based, without limitation, on
         one or more currencies, currency units, composite currencies,
         commodities, equity indices or other indices), and the manner in which
         such amounts shall be determined;

                  (13) whether the principal of (and premium, if any) or
         interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on the Securities of the series
         are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof,
         in a currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite
         currency or currencies other than that in which such Securities are
         denominated or stated to be payable, the period or periods within
         which, and the terms and conditions upon which, such election may be
         made, and the time and manner of, and the identity of the exchange rate
         agent with responsibility for, determining the exchange rate between
         the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite
         currency or currencies in which such Securities are denominated or
         stated to be payable and the

                                       17
<PAGE>

         currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or
         currencies in which such Securities are to be so payable;

                  (14) provisions, if any, granting special rights to the
         Holders of Securities of the series upon the occurrence of such events
         as may be specified;

                  (15) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the
         Events of Default or covenants of the Company with respect to
         Securities of the series, whether or not such Events of Default or
         covenants are consistent with the Events of Default or covenants set
         forth herein;

                  (16) whether Securities of the series are to be issuable as
         Registered Securities, Bearer Securities (with or without coupons) or
         both, any restrictions applicable to the offer, sale or delivery of
         Bearer Securities and the terms upon which Bearer Securities of the
         series may be exchanged for Registered Securities of the series and
         vice versa (if permitted by applicable laws and regulations), whether
         any Securities of the series are to be issuable initially in temporary
         global form and whether any Securities of the series are to be issuable
         in permanent global form with or without coupons and, if so, whether
         beneficial owners of interests in any such permanent global Security
         may exchange such interests for Securities of such series and of like
         tenor of any authorized form and denomination and the circumstances
         under which any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner
         provided in Section 305, and, if Registered Securities of the series
         are to be issuable as a global Security, the identity of the depositary
         for such series;

                  (17) the date as of which any Bearer Securities of the series
         and any temporary global Security representing Outstanding Securities
         of the series shall be dated if other than the date of original
         issuance of the first Security of the series to be issued;

                  (18) the Person to whom any interest on any Registered
         Security of the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in
         whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is
         registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such
         interest, the manner in which, or the Person to whom, any interest on
         any Bearer Security of the series shall be payable, if otherwise than
         upon presentation and surrender of the coupons appertaining thereto as
         they severally mature, and the extent to which, or the manner in which,
         any interest payable on a temporary global Security on an Interest
         Payment Date will be paid if other than in the manner provided in
         Section 304;

                  (19) the applicability, if any, of Sections 1402 and/or 1403
         to the Securities of the series and any provisions in modification of,
         in addition to or in lieu of any of the provisions of Article Fourteen;

                  (20) if the Securities of such series are to be issuable in
         definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a
         temporary Security of such series) only upon receipt of certain
         certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions,
         then the form and/or terms of such certificates, documents or
         conditions;

                                       18
<PAGE>

                  (21) if the Securities of the series are to be issued upon the
         exercise of warrants, the time, manner and place for such Securities to
         be authenticated and delivered;

                  (22) whether and under what circumstances the Company will pay
         Additional Amounts as contemplated by Section 1005 on the Securities of
         the series to any Holder who is not a United States person (including
         any modification to the definition of such term) in respect of any tax,
         assessment or governmental charge and, if so, whether the Company will
         have the option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such
         Additional Amounts (and the terms of any such option);

                  (23) the obligation, if any, of the Company to permit the
         conversion of the Securities of such series into the Company's Common
         Shares or Preferred Shares, (and the class thereof), as the case may
         be, and the terms and conditions upon which such conversion shall be
         effected (including, without limitation, the initial conversion price
         or rate, the conversion period, any adjustment of the applicable
         conversion price, and any requirements relative to reservation of
         shares for purposes of conversion; and

                  (24) any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be
         inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture).

                  All Securities of any one series and the coupons appertaining
to any Bearer Securities of such series shall be substantially identical except,
in the case of Registered Securities, as to denomination and except as may
otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such Board Resolution (subject to
Section 303) and set forth in such Officers' Certificate or in any such
indenture supplemental hereto. All Securities of any one series need not be
issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be
reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for issuances of additional
Securities of such series.

                  If any of the terms of the Securities of any series are
established by action taken pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions, a copy of
an appropriate record of such action(s) shall be certified by the Secretary or
an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior
to the delivery of the Officers' Certificate setting forth the terms of the
Securities of such series.

                  SECTION 302. DENOMINATIONS. The Securities of each series
shall be issuable in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by
Section 301. With respect to Securities of any series denominated in Dollars, in
the absence of any such provisions with respect to the Securities of any series,
the Registered Securities of such series, other than Registered Securities
issued in global form (which may be of any denomination), shall be issuable in
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof and the Bearer
Securities of such series, other than Bearer Securities issued in global form
(which may be of any denomination), shall be issuable in denominations of
$5,000.

                  SECTION 303. EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING.
The Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto shall be executed on behalf
of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, its President or one of its Vice
Presidents, under its corporate seal

                                       19
<PAGE>

reproduced thereon, and attested by its Secretary or one of its Assistant
Secretaries. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities and
coupons may be manual or facsimile signatures of the present or any future such
authorized officer and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the
Securities.

                  Securities or coupons bearing the manual or facsimile
signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the
Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of
them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery
of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities
or coupons.

                  At any time and from time to time after the execution and
delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series,
together with any coupon appertaining thereto, executed by the Company to the
Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication
and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance with the Company
Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that,
in connection with its original issuance, no Bearer Security shall be mailed or
otherwise delivered to any location in the United States; and PROVIDED FURTHER
that, unless otherwise specified with respect to any series of Securities
pursuant to Section 301, a Bearer Security may be delivered in connection with
its original issuance only if the Person entitled to receive such Bearer
Security shall have furnished a certificate to Euroclear or CEDEL, as the case
may be, in the form set forth in Exhibit A-1 to this Indenture or such other
certificate as may be specified with respect to any series of Securities
pursuant to Section 301, dated no earlier than 15 days prior to the earlier of
the date on which such Bearer Security is delivered and the date on which any
temporary Security first becomes exchangeable for such Bearer Security in
accordance with the terms of such temporary Security and this Indenture. If any
Security shall be represented by a permanent global Bearer Security, then, for
purposes of this Section and Section 304, the notation of a beneficial owner's
interest therein upon original issuance of such Security or upon exchange of a
portion of a temporary global Security shall be deemed to be delivery in
connection with its original issuance of such beneficial owner's interest in
such permanent global Security. Except as permitted by Section 306, the Trustee
shall not authenticate and deliver any Bearer Security unless all appurtenant
coupons for interest then matured have been detached and cancelled.

                  If all the Securities of any series are not to be issued at
one time and if the Board Resolution or supplemental indenture establishing such
series shall so permit, such Company Order may set forth procedures acceptable
to the Trustee for the issuance of such Securities and determining the terms of
particular Securities of such series, such as interest rate or formula, maturity
date, date of issuance and date from which interest shall accrue. In
authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be
entitled to receive, and (subject to TIA Section 315(a) through 315(d)) shall be
fully protected in relying upon,

                  (i) an Opinion of Counsel stating that

                           (a) the form or forms of such Securities and any
                  coupons have been established in conformity with the
                  provisions of this Indenture;

                                       20
<PAGE>

                           (b) the terms of such Securities and any coupons have
                  been established in conformity with the provisions of this
                  Indenture; and

                           (c) such Securities, together with any coupons
                  appertaining thereto, when completed by appropriate insertions
                  and executed and delivered by the Company to the Trustee for
                  authentication in accordance with this Indenture,
                  authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in accordance with
                  this Indenture and issued by the Company in the manner and
                  subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of
                  Counsel, will constitute legal, valid and binding obligations
                  of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms,
                  except as limited by any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
                  reorganization, moratorium or similar laws relating to or
                  affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally and
                  general equitable principles; and

                  (ii) an Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions
         precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the issuance of
         the Securities have been complied with and that, to the best of the
         knowledge of the signers of such certificate, that no Event of Default
         with respect to any of the Securities shall have occurred and be
         continuing.

If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties,
obligations or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise
in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 301 and of the
preceding paragraph, if all the Securities of any series are not to be issued at
one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver an Officers' Certificate
otherwise required pursuant to Section 301 or a Company Order, or an Opinion of
Counsel or an Officers' Certificate otherwise required pursuant to the preceding
paragraph at the time of issuance of each Security of such series, but such
order, opinion and certificates, with appropriate modifications to cover such
future issuances, shall be delivered at or before the time of issuance of the
first Security of such series.

                  Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its
authentication and each Bearer Security shall be dated as of the date specified
as contemplated by Section 301.

                  No Security or coupon shall be entitled to any benefit under
this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on
such Security or Security to which such coupon appertains a certificate of
authentication substantially in the form provided for herein duly executed by
the Trustee by manual signature of an authorized officer, and such certificate
upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such
Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and is entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security
shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold
by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for
cancellation as provided in Section 310 together with a written statement (which
need not comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of
Counsel) stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the
Company, for all

                                       21
<PAGE>

purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.

                  SECTION 304. TEMPORARY SECURITIES. (a) Pending the preparation
of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon
Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities
which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise
produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the
definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, in registered form, or,
if authorized, in bearer form with one or more coupons or without coupons, and
with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations
as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as conclusively
evidenced by their execution of such Securities. In the case of Securities of
any series, such temporary Securities may be in global form.

                  Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form
(which shall be exchanged in accordance with Section 304(b) or as otherwise
provided in or pursuant to a Board Resolution), if temporary Securities of any
series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of that series
to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive
Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be
exchangeable for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the
temporary Securities of such series at the office or agency of the Company in a
Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender
for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities of any series
(accompanied by any non-matured coupons appertaining thereto), the Company shall
execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a
like principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized
denominations; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no definitive Bearer Security shall be
delivered in exchange for a temporary Registered Security; and PROVIDED FURTHER
that a definitive Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary
Bearer Security only in compliance with the conditions set forth in Section 303.
Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects
be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities
of such series.

                  (b) Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to a Board
Resolution, this Section 304(b) shall govern the exchange of temporary
Securities issued in global form other than through the facilities of The
Depositary Trust Company. If any such temporary Securities of any series are
issued in global form, then such temporary global Security shall, unless
otherwise provided therein, be delivered to the London office of a depositary or
common depositary (the "Common Depositary"), for the benefit of Euroclear and
CEDEL, for credit to the respective accounts of the beneficial owners of such
Securities (or to such other accounts as they may direct).

                  Without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the
date specified in, or determined pursuant to the terms of, any such temporary
global Security (the "Exchange Date"), the Company shall deliver to the Trustee
definitive Securities, in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of such temporary global Security, executed by the Company. On or after
the Exchange Date, such temporary global Security shall be surrendered by the
Common Depositary to the Trustee, as the Company's agent for such purpose, to be
exchanged, in whole or from time to time in part, for definitive Securities
without charge, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for
each portion of such temporary global Security, an

                                       22
<PAGE>

equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of
authorized denominations and of like tenor as the portion of such temporary
global Security to be exchanged. The definitive Securities to be delivered in
exchange for any such temporary global Security shall be in bearer form,
registered form, permanent global bearer form or permanent global registered
form, or any combination thereof, as specified as contemplated by Section 301,
and, if any combination thereof is so specified, as requested by the beneficial
owner thereof; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, unless otherwise specified in such
temporary global Security, upon such presentation by the Common Depositary, such
temporary global Security is accompanied by a certificate dated the Exchange
Date or a subsequent date and signed by Euroclear as to the portion of such
temporary global Security held for its account then to be exchanged and a
certificate dated the Exchange Date or a subsequent date and signed by CEDEL as
to the portion of such temporary global Security held for its account then to be
exchanged, each in the form set forth in Exhibit A-2 to this Indenture or in
such other form as may be established pursuant to Section 301; and PROVIDED
FURTHER that definitive Bearer Securities shall be delivered in exchange for a
portion of a temporary global Security only in compliance with the requirements
of Section 303.

                  Unless otherwise specified in such temporary global Security,
the interest of a beneficial owner of Securities of a series in a temporary
global Security shall be exchanged for definitive Securities of the same series
and of like tenor following the Exchange Date when the account holder instructs
Euroclear or CEDEL, as the case may be, to request such exchange on his behalf
and delivers to Euroclear or CEDEL, as the case may be, a certificate in the
form set forth in Exhibit A-1 to this Indenture (or in such other form as may be
established pursuant to Section 301), dated no earlier than 15 days prior to the
Exchange Date, copies of which certificate shall be available from the offices
of Euroclear and CEDEL, the Trustee, any Authenticating Agent appointed for such
series of Securities and each Paying Agent. Unless otherwise specified in such
temporary global Security, any such exchange shall be made free of charge to the
beneficial owners of such temporary global Security, except that a Person
receiving definitive Securities must bear the cost of insurance, postage,
transportation and the like unless such Person takes delivery of such definitive
Securities in person at the offices of Euroclear or CEDEL. Definitive Securities
in bearer form to be delivered in exchange for any portion of a temporary global
Security shall be delivered only outside the United States.

                  Until exchanged in full as hereinabove provided, the temporary
Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits
under this Indenture as definitive Securities of the same series and of like
tenor authenticated and delivered hereunder, except that, unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301, interest payable on a temporary global
Security on an Interest Payment Date for Securities of such series occurring
prior to the applicable Exchange Date shall be payable to Euroclear and CEDEL on
such Interest Payment Date upon delivery by Euroclear and CEDEL to the Trustee
of a certificate or certificates in the form set forth in Exhibit A-2 to this
Indenture (or in such other forms as may be established pursuant to Section
301), for credit without further interest on or after such Interest Payment Date
to the respective accounts of Persons who are the beneficial owners of such
temporary global Security on such Interest Payment Date and who have each
delivered to Euroclear or CEDEL, as the case may be, a certificate dated no
earlier than 15 days prior to the Interest Payment Date occurring prior to such
Exchange Date in the form set forth as Exhibit A-1 to this Indenture (or in such
other forms as may be established pursuant to Section 301). Notwith-

                                       23
<PAGE>

standing anything to the contrary herein contained, the certifications made
pursuant to this paragraph shall satisfy the certification requirements of the
preceding two paragraphs of this Section 304(b) and of the third paragraph of
Section 303 of this Indenture and the interests of the Persons who are the
beneficial owners of the temporary global Security with respect to which such
certification was made will be exchanged for definitive Securities of the same
series and of like tenor on the Exchange Date or the date of certification if
such date occurs after the Exchange Date, without further act or deed by such
beneficial owners. Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, no payments
of principal or interest owing with respect to a beneficial interest in a
temporary global Security will be made unless and until such interest in such
temporary global Security shall have been exchanged for an interest in a
definitive Security. Any interest so received by Euroclear and CEDEL and not
paid as herein provided shall be returned, prior to the expiration of two years
after such Interest Payment Date, (i) to the Trustee, in order to be repaid to
the Company, if originally paid by the Trustee, and (ii) to the Company, if
originally paid by the Company. The Trustee shall be under no duty to make any
inquiry of either Euroclear or CEDEL as to whether any such interests remains
unpaid.

                  SECTION 305. REGISTRATION, REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND
EXCHANGE. The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of
the Trustee or in any office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment a
register for each series of Securities (the registers maintained in such office
or in any such office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being
herein sometimes referred to collectively as the "Security Register") in which,
subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall
provide for the registration of Registered Securities and of transfers of
Registered Securities. The Security Register shall be in written form or any
other form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable
time. The Trustee, at its Corporate Trust Office, is hereby initially appointed
"Security Registrar" for the purpose of registering Registered Securities and
transfers of Registered Securities on such Security Register as herein provided.
In the event that the Trustee shall cease to be Security Registrar, it shall
have the right to examine the Security Register at all reasonable times.

                  Subject to the provisions of this Section 305, upon surrender
for registration of transfer of any Registered Security of any series at any
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, the
Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the
name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Registered
Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like
aggregate principal amount, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding,
and containing identical terms and provisions.

                  Subject to the provisions of this Section 305, at the option
of the Holder, Registered Securities of any series may be exchanged for other
Registered Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination or
denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount, containing identical
terms and provisions, upon surrender of the Registered Securities to be
exchanged at any such office or agency. Whenever any such Registered Securities
are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver, the Registered Securities which the Holder
making the exchange is entitled to receive. Unless otherwise specified with
respect to any series of Securities as contemplated by Section 301, Bearer
Securities may not be issued in exchange for Registered Securities.

                                       24
<PAGE>

                  If (but only if) permitted by the applicable Board Resolution
and (subject to Section 303) set forth in the applicable Officers' Certificate,
or in any indenture supplemental hereto, delivered as contemplated by Section
301, at the option of the Holder, Bearer Securities of any series may be
exchanged for Registered Securities of the same series of any authorized
denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor, upon surrender
of the Bearer Securities to be exchanged at any such office or agency, with all
unmatured coupons and all matured coupons in default thereto appertaining. If
the Holder of a Bearer Security is unable to produce any such unmatured coupon
or coupons or matured coupon or coupons in default, any such permitted exchange
may be effected if the Bearer Securities are accompanied by payment in funds
acceptable to the Company in an amount equal to the face amount of such missing
coupon or coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be
waived by the Company and the Trustee if there is furnished to them such
security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any Paying
Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender to any
Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which such a payment shall
have been made, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the portion of such
payment equal to the face amount of such surrendered coupon; PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
that, except as otherwise provided in Section 1002, interest represented by
coupons shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of those coupons
at an office or agency located outside the United States. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, in case a Bearer Security of any series is surrendered at any such
office or agency in a permitted exchange for a Registered Security of the same
series and like tenor after the close of business at such office or agency on
(i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or
agency on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date
and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the related
proposed date for payment of Defaulted Interest, such Bearer Security shall be
surrendered without the coupon relating to such Interest Payment Date or
proposed date for payment, as the case may be, and interest or Defaulted
Interest, as the case may be, will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date
or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of the Registered
Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but will be payable only
to the Holder of such coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this
Indenture.

                  Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise specified
as contemplated by Section 301, any permanent global Security shall be
exchangeable only as provided in this paragraph. If the depositary for any
permanent global Security is the Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), then, unless
the terms of such global Security expressly permit such global Security to be
exchanged in whole or in part for definitive Securities, a global Security may
be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to a nominee of DTC, or by a
nominee of DTC to DTC, or to a successor to DTC for such global Security
selected or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor to DTC. If
at any time DTC notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue
as depositary for the applicable global Security or Securities or if at any time
DTC ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 if so required by applicable law or regulation, the Company shall
appoint a successor depositary with respect to such global Security or
Securities. If (x) a successor depositary for such global Security or Securities
is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such
notice or becomes aware of such unwillingness, inability or ineligibility, (y)
an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the beneficial owners
representing a majority in principal amount of the applicable series of
Securities represented by such global

                                       25
<PAGE>

Security or Securities advise DTC to cease acting as depository for such global
Security or Securities, or (z) the Company, in its sole discretion, determines
at any time that all Outstanding Securities (but not less than all) of any
series issued or issuable in the form of one or more global Securities shall no
longer be represented by such global Security or Securities, then the Company
shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, definitive
Securities of like series, rank, tenor and terms in definitive form in an
aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such global Security
or Securities. If any beneficial owner of an interest in a permanent global
Security is otherwise entitled to exchange such interest for Securities of such
series and of like tenor and principal amount of another authorized form and
denomination, as specified as contemplated by Section 301 and provided that any
applicable notice provided in the permanent global Security shall have been
given, then without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the
earliest date on which such interest may be so exchanged, the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, definitive Securities
in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such beneficial
owner's interest in such permanent global Security. On or after the earliest
date on which such interests may be so exchanged, such permanent global Security
shall be surrendered for exchange by DTC or such other depositary as shall be
specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, as the
Company's agent for such purpose; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such exchanges may
occur during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any
selection of Securities to be redeemed and ending on the relevant Redemption
Date if the Security for which exchange is requested may be among those selected
for redemption; and PROVIDED FURTHER that no Bearer Security delivered in
exchange for a portion of a permanent global Security shall be mailed or
otherwise delivered to any location in the United States. If a Registered
Security is issued in exchange for any portion of a permanent global Security
after the close of business at the office or agency where such exchange occurs
on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such office
or agency on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date
and the opening of business at such office or agency on the related proposed
date for payment of Defaulted Interest, interest or Defaulted Interest, as the
case may be, will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date
for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Registered Security, but
will be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as
the case may be, only to the Person to whom interest in respect of such portion
of such permanent global Security is payable in accordance with the provisions
of this Indenture.

                  All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing
the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the
Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

                  Every Registered Security presented or surrendered for
registration of transfer or for exchange or redemption shall (if so required by
the Company or the Security Registrar) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a
written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the
Security Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly
authorized in writing.

                  No service charge shall be made for any registration of
transfer or exchange or redemption of Securities, but the Company may require
payment of a sum sufficient to cover any

                                       26
<PAGE>

tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any
registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges
pursuant to Section 304, 906, 1107 or 1305 not involving any transfer.

                  The Company or the Trustee, as applicable, shall not be
required (i) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security if such
Security may be among those selected for redemption during a period beginning at
the opening of business 15 days before selection of the Securities to be
redeemed under Section 1103 and ending at the close of business on (A) if such
Securities are issuable only as Registered Securities, the day of the mailing of
the relevant notice of redemption and (B) if such Securities are issuable as
Bearer Securities, the day of the first publication of the relevant notice of
redemption or, if such Securities are also issuable as Registered Securities and
there is no publication, the mailing of the relevant notice of redemption, or
(ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Registered Security so selected
for redemption in whole or in part, except, in the case of any Registered
Security to be redeemed in part, the portion thereof not to be redeemed, or
(iii) to exchange any Bearer Security so selected for redemption except that
such a Bearer Security may be exchanged for a Registered Security of that series
and like tenor, PROVIDED that such Registered Security shall be simultaneously
surrendered for redemption, or (iv) to issue, register the transfer of or
exchange any Security which has been surrendered for repayment at the option of
the Holder, except the portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid.

SECTION 306. MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES. If any mutilated
Security or a Security with a mutilated coupon appertaining to it is surrendered
to the Trustee or the Company, together with, in proper cases, such security or
indemnity as may be required by the Company or the Trustee to save each of them
or any agent of either of them harmless, the Company shall execute and the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of
the same series and principal amount, containing identical terms and provisions
and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, with coupons
corresponding to the coupons, if any, appertaining to the surrendered Security.

                  If there shall be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee
(i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any
Security or coupon, and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by
them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the
absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security or coupon has
been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its
request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such
destroyed, lost or stolen Security or in exchange for the Security to which a
destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains (with all appurtenant coupons not
destroyed, lost or stolen), a new Security of the same series and principal
amount, containing identical terms and provisions and bearing a number not
contemporaneously outstanding, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if
any, appertaining to such destroyed, lost or stolen Security or to the Security
to which such destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains.

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of the previous two paragraphs,
in case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or coupon has
become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if
any, appertaining to such destroyed, lost or stolen Security or to

                                       27
<PAGE>

the Security to which such destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains, pay such
Security or coupon; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that payment of principal of (and
premium, if any), any interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to,
Bearer Securities shall, except as otherwise provided in Section 1002, be
payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States and,
unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, any interest on
Bearer Securities shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the
coupons appertaining thereto.

                  Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the
Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

                  Every new Security of any series with its coupons, if any,
issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen
Security, or in exchange for a Security to which a destroyed, lost or stolen
coupon appertains, shall constitute an original additional contractual
obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security
and its coupons, if any, or the destroyed, lost or stolen coupon shall be at any
time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this
Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that
series and their coupons, if any, duly issued hereunder.

                  The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall
preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to
the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or
coupons.

                  SECTION 307. PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED.
Except as otherwise specified with respect to a series of Securities in
accordance with the provisions of Section 301 or as provided in Article XVI with
respect to Securities convertible into Common Shares or Preferred Shares,
interest on any Registered Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or
duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in
whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered
at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest at the
office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose pursuant to Section
1002; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that each installment of interest on any Registered
Security may at the Company's option be paid by (i) mailing a check for such
interest, payable to or upon the written order of the Person entitled thereto
pursuant to Section 308, to the address of such Person as it appears on the
Security Register or (ii) transfer to an account maintained by the payee located
inside the United States.

                  Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with
respect to the Securities of any series, payment of interest may be made, in the
case of a Bearer Security, by transfer to an account maintained by the payee
with a bank located outside the United States.

                  Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301,
every permanent global Security will provide that interest, if any, payable on
any Interest Payment Date will be paid to DTC, Euroclear and/or CEDEL, as the
case may be, with respect to that portion of such permanent global Security held
for its account by Cede & Co. or the Common Depositary, as the

                                       28
<PAGE>

case may be, for the purpose of permitting such party to credit the interest
received by it in respect of such permanent global Security to the accounts of
the beneficial owners thereof.

                  In case a Bearer Security of any series is surrendered in
exchange for a Registered Security of such series after the close of business
(at an office or agency in a Place of Payment for such series) on any Regular
Record Date and before the opening of business (at such office or agency) on the
next succeeding Interest Payment Date, such Bearer Security shall be surrendered
without the coupon relating to such Interest Payment Date and interest will not
be payable on such Interest Payment Date in respect of the Registered Security
issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but will be payable only to the
Holder of such coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this
Indenture.

                  Except as otherwise specified with respect to a series of
Securities in accordance with the provisions of Section 301, any interest on any
Registered Security of any series that is payable, but is not punctually paid or
duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein called "Defaulted
Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered Holder thereof
on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and
such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each
case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below:

                  (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted
         Interest to the Persons in whose names the Registered Securities of
         such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered
         at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of
         such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner.
         The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of
         Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Registered Security of
         such series and the date of the proposed payment (which shall not be
         less than 20 days after such notice is received by the Trustee), and at
         the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of
         money in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or
         composite currency or currencies in which the Securities of such series
         are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for
         the Securities of such series) equal to the aggregate amount proposed
         to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make
         arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit on or prior
         to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be
         held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted
         Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a
         Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which
         shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the
         date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the
         receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The
         Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date
         and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice
         of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special
         Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each
         Holder of Registered Securities of such series at his address as it
         appears in the Security Register not less than 10 days prior to such
         Special Record Date. The Trustee may, in its discretion, in the name
         and at the expense of the Company, cause a similar notice to be
         published at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in each Place of
         Payment, but such publications shall not be a condition precedent to
         the establishment of such Special Record Date. Notice of the

                                       29
<PAGE>

         proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date
         therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall
         be paid to the Persons in whose names the Registered Securities of such
         series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at
         the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer
         be payable pursuant to the following clause (2). In case a Bearer
         Security of any series is surrendered at the office or agency in a
         Place of Payment for such series in exchange for a Registered Security
         of such series after the close of business at such office or agency on
         any Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such
         office or agency on the related proposed date for payment of Defaulted
         Interest, such Bearer Security shall be surrendered without the coupon
         relating to such proposed date of payment and Defaulted Interest will
         not be payable on such proposed date of payment in respect of the
         Registered Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but
         will be payable only to the Holder of such coupon when due in
         accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.

                  (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on
         the Registered Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not
         inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which
         such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required
         by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee
         of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment
         shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

                  Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and
Section 305, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of
transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the
rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such
other Security.

                  SECTION 308. PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS. Prior to due presentment
of a Registered Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee
and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name
such Registered Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the
purpose of receiving payment of principal of (and premium, if any), and (subject
to Sections 305 and 307) interest on, such Registered Security and for all other
purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Registered Security be overdue, and
neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee
shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

                  Title to any Bearer Security and any coupons appertaining
thereto shall pass by delivery. The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the
Company or the Trustee may treat the Holder of any Bearer Security and the
Holder of any coupon as the absolute owner of such Security or coupon for the
purpose of receiving payment thereof or on account thereof and for all other
purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security or coupon be overdue, and
neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee
shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

                  None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the
Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of
the records relating to or payments

                                       30
<PAGE>

made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Security in global form
or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such
beneficial ownership interests.

                  Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any global
Security, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee, or any agent of
the Company or the Trustee, from giving effect to any written certification,
proxy or other authorization furnished by any depositary, as a Holder, with
respect to such global Security or impair, as between such depositary and owners
of beneficial interests in such global Security, the operation of customary
practices governing the exercise of the rights of such depositary (or its
nominee) as Holder of such global Security.

                  SECTION 309. CANCELLATION. All Securities and coupons
surrendered for payment, redemption, repayment at the option of the Holder,
registration of transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund
payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered
to the Trustee, and any such Securities and coupons surrendered directly to the
Trustee for any such purpose shall be promptly cancelled by it. The Company may
at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously
authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any
manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for
delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities previously
authenticated hereunder which the Company has not issued and sold, and all
Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. If the
Company shall so acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall
not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by
such Securities unless and until the same are surrendered to the Trustee for
cancellation. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for
any Securities cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly
permitted by this Indenture. Cancelled Securities and coupons held by the
Trustee shall be destroyed by the Trustee and the Trustee shall deliver a
certificate of such destruction to the Company, unless by a Company Order the
Company directs their return to it.

                  SECTION 310. COMPUTATION OF INTEREST. Except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to Securities of any
series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis
of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months.

                                   ARTICLE 4

                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

                  SECTION 401. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE. This
Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect with respect
to any series of Securities specified in such Company Request (except as to any
surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities of such
series herein expressly provided for and any right to receive Additional
Amounts, as provided in Section 1005), and the Trustee, upon receipt of a
Company Order, and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper
instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to
such series when

                  (1) either

                                       31
<PAGE>

                           (A) all Securities of such series theretofore
                  authenticated and delivered and all coupons, if any,
                  appertaining thereto (other than (i) coupons appertaining to
                  Bearer Securities surrendered for exchange for Registered
                  Securities and maturing after such exchange, whose surrender
                  is not required or has been waived as provided in Section 305,
                  (ii) Securities and coupons of such series which have been
                  destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid
                  as provided in Section 306, (iii) coupons appertaining to
                  Securities called for redemption and maturing after the
                  relevant Redemption Date, whose surrender has been waived as
                  provided in Section 1106, and (iv) Securities and coupons of
                  such series for whose payment money has theretofore been
                  deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the
                  Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged
                  from such trust, as provided in Section 1003) have been
                  delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

                           (B) all Securities of such series and, in the case of
                  (i) or (ii) below, any coupons appertaining thereto not
                  theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

                  (i) have become due and payable, or

                 (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity
         within one year, or

                  (iii) if redeemable at the option of the Company, are to be
         called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory
         to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in
         the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

                  and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has
                  irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the
                  Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose an amount in
                  the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or
                  composite currency or currencies in which the Securities of
                  such series are payable, sufficient to pay and discharge the
                  entire indebtedness on such Securities and such coupons not
                  theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for
                  principal (and premium, if any) and interest, and any
                  Additional Amounts with respect thereto, to the date of such
                  deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and
                  payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the
                  case may be;

                  (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums
         payable hereunder by the Company; and

                  (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
         precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and
         discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been complied with.

                  Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee and any predecessor
Trustee under Section 606, the obligations of the Company to any Authenticating
Agent under Section 611 and, if money shall have been

                                       32
<PAGE>

deposited with and held by the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of clause (1)
of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the last
paragraph of Section 1003 shall survive.

                  SECTION 402. APPLICATION OF TRUST FUNDS. Subject to the
provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money deposited with the
Trustee pursuant to Section 401 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in
accordance with the provisions of the Securities, the coupons and this
Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if
any), and any interest and Additional Amounts for whose payment such money has
been deposited with or received by the Trustee, but such money need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

                                   ARTICLE 5

                                    REMEDIES

                  SECTION 501. EVENTS OF DEFAULT. "Event of Default", wherever
used herein with respect to any particular series of Securities, means any one
of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and
whether or not it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation
of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order,
rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body):

                  (1) default in the payment of any interest upon or any
         Additional Amounts payable in respect of any Security of that series or
         of any coupon appertaining thereto, when such interest, Additional
         Amounts or coupon becomes due and payable, and continuance of such
         default for a period of 30 days; or

                  (2) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if
         any, on) any Security of that series when it becomes due and payable at
         its Maturity; or

                  (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when
         and as due by the terms of any Security of that series; or

                  (4) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or
         warranty of the Company in this Indenture with respect to any Security
         of that series (other than a covenant or warranty a default in whose
         performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section specifically
         dealt with), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of
         60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to
         the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the
         Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding
         Securities of that series a written notice specifying such default or
         breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is
         a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

                  (5) if any event of default under any bond, debenture, note or
         other evidence of indebtedness of the Company (including an event of
         default with respect to any other series of Securities), or under any
         mortgage, indenture or other instrument of the

                                       33
<PAGE>

         Company under which there may be issued or by which there may be
         secured or evidenced any indebtedness of the Company (or by any
         Subsidiary, the repayment of which the Company has guaranteed or for
         which the Company is directly responsible or liable as obligor or
         guarantor), whether such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be
         created, shall happen and shall result in an aggregate principal amount
         exceeding $10,000,000 becoming or being declared due and payable prior
         to the date on which it would otherwise have become due and payable,
         without such indebtedness having been discharged, or such acceleration
         having been waived, rescinded or annulled, within a period of 10 days
         after there shall have been given, by registered or certified mail, to
         the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the
         Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding
         Securities of that series a written notice specifying such default and
         requiring the Company to cause such indebtedness to be discharged or
         cause such acceleration to be rescinded or annulled and stating that
         such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder. Subject to the
         provisions of Section 601, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have
         knowledge of such default unless either (A) a Responsible Officer of
         the Trustee shall have actual knowledge of such default or (B) the
         Trustee shall have received written notice thereof from the Company,
         from any Holder, from the holder of any such indebtedness or from the
         trustee under any such mortgage, indenture or other instrument; or

                  (6) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary of the Company
         pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:

                           (A) commences a voluntary case,

                           (B) consents to the entry of an order for relief
                  against it in an involuntary case,

                           (C) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it
                  or for all or substantially all of its property, or

                           (D) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its
                  creditors; or

                  (7) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or
         decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:

                           (A) is for relief against the Company or any
                  Significant Subsidiary of the Company in an involuntary case,

                           (B) appoints a Custodian of the Company or any
                  Significant Subsidiary of the Company or for all or
                  substantially all of its property, or

                           (C) orders the liquidation of the Company or any
                  Significant Subsidiary of the Company,

         and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days; or

                                       34
<PAGE>

                  (8) any other Event of Default provided with respect to
         Securities of that series.

As used in this Section 501, the term "Bankruptcy Law" means title 11, U.S. Code
or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors and the term
"Custodian" means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or other similar
official under any Bankruptcy Law.

                  SECTION 502. ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND
ANNULMENT. If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series at
the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then and in every such case the
Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal (or, if any
Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such
portion of the principal as may be specified in the terms thereof) of all the
Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in
writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by the Holders), and upon
any such declaration such principal or specified portion thereof shall become
immediately due and payable.

                  At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with
respect to Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or
decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as
hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the
Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its
consequences if:

                  (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum
         sufficient to pay in the currency, currency unit or composite currency
         in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise
         specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series):

                           (A) all overdue installments of interest on and any
                  Additional Amounts payable in respect of all Outstanding
                  Securities of that series and any related coupons,

                           (B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any
                  Outstanding Securities of that series which have become due
                  otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and
                  interest thereon at the rate or rates borne by or provided for
                  in such Securities,

                           (C) to the extent that payment of such interest is
                  lawful, interest upon overdue installments of interest and any
                  Additional Amounts at the rate or rates borne by or provided
                  for in such Securities, and

                           (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee
                  hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses,
                  disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and
                  counsel; and

         (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series,
other than the nonpayment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest
on Securities of that series

                                       35
<PAGE>

which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been
cured or waived as provided in Section 513.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right
consequent thereon.

                  SECTION 503. COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR
ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE. The Company covenants that if:

                  (1) default is made in the payment of any installment of
         interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on any Security of any series
         and any related coupon when such interest or Additional Amount becomes
         due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

                  (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or
         premium, if any, on) any Security of any series at its Maturity,

then the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the
benefit of the Holders of such Securities of such series and coupons, the whole
amount then due and payable on such Securities and coupons for principal (and
premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts, with interest upon any
overdue principal (and premium, if any) and, to the extent that payment of such
interest shall be legally enforceable, upon any overdue installments of interest
or Additional Amounts, if any, at the rate or rates borne by or provided for in
such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be
sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the
reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee,
its agents and counsel.

                  If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such
demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may
institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and
unpaid, and may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may
enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities
of such series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the
manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor
upon such Securities of such series, wherever situated.

                  If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any
series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to
protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of
such series and any related coupons by such appropriate judicial proceedings as
the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights,
whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this
Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce
any other proper remedy.

                  SECTION 504. TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM. In case of the
pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy,
reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial
proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or
the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the
Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities of any series
shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or
otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall

                                       36
<PAGE>

have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal,
premium, if any, or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention
in such proceeding or otherwise:

                  (i) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount, or such
         lesser amount as may be provided for in the Securities of such series,
         of principal (and premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts,
         if any, owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such
         other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to
         have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable
         compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its
         agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial
         proceeding, and

                  (ii) to collect and receive any moneys or other property
         payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator (or
other similar official) in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by
each Holder of Securities of such series and coupons to make such payments to
the Trustee, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of
such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to
it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
Trustee and any predecessor Trustee, their agents and counsel, and any other
amounts due the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee under Section 606.

                  Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the
Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder of
a Security or coupon any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or
composition affecting the Securities or coupons or the rights of any Holder
thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any
Holder of a Security or coupon in any such proceeding.

                  SECTION 505. TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF
SECURITIES OR COUPONS. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or
any of the Securities or coupons may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee
without the possession of any of the Securities or coupons or the production
thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted
by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust,
and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the
reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee,
its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the
Securities and coupons in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

                  SECTION 506. APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED. Any money
collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the
following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the
distribution of such money on account of principal (or premium, if any) or
interest and any Additional Amounts, upon presentation of the Securities or
coupons, or both, as the case may be, and the notation thereon of the payment if
only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

                  First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee and any
predecessor Trustee under Section 606;

                                       37
<PAGE>

                  SECOND: To the payment of amounts then due and unpaid to the
         holders of Senior Indebtedness, to the extent required by Article XVII;

                  THIRD: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon
         the Securities and coupons for principal (and premium, if any) and
         interest and any Additional Amounts payable, in respect of which or for
         the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without
         preference or priority of any kind, according to the aggregate amounts
         due and payable on such Securities and coupons for principal (and
         premium, if any), interest and Additional Amounts, respectively; and

                  FOURTH: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the
         Company.

                  SECTION 507. LIMITATION ON SUITS. No Holder of any Security of
any series or any related coupon shall have any right to institute any
proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the
appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless:

                  (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the
         Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities
         of that series;

                  (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of
         the Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written
         request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such
         Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

                  (3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee
         indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs,
         expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such
         request;

                  (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice,
         request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such
         proceeding; and

                  (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has
         been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a
         majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
         series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of
such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any
other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in
the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such
Holders.

                  SECTION 508. UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE
PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM, IF ANY, AND INTEREST AND ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS. Notwithstanding
any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security or coupon
shall have the right which is absolute and unconditional to receive payment of
the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Sections 305 and 307)
interest on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, such Security or payment
of such coupon on the respective due dates expressed in such Security or coupon
(or, in

                                       38
<PAGE>

the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to institute suit for the
enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without
the consent of such Holder.

                  SECTION 509. RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES. If the
Trustee or any Holder of a Security or coupon has instituted any proceeding to
enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been
discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to
the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case the Company, the
Trustee and the Holders of Securities and coupons shall, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to
their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the
Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been
instituted.

                  SECTION 510. RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE. Except as
otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or coupons in the last paragraph of Section
306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to
the Holders of Securities or coupons is intended to be exclusive of any other
right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by
law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given
hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The
assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall
not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate
right or remedy.

                  SECTION 511. DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER. No delay or
omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security or coupon to exercise
any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such
right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an
acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to
the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often
as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders of Securities or
coupons, as the case may be.

                  SECTION 512. CONTROL BY HOLDERS OF SECURITIES. The Holders of
a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall
have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power
conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series, PROVIDED
that

                  (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of
         law or with this Indenture,

                  (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the
         Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and

                  (3) the Trustee need not take any action which might involve
         it in personal liability or be unduly prejudicial to the Holders of
         Securities of such series not joining therein.

                  SECTION 513. WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS. The Holders of not less
than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series
may on behalf of the Holders of

                                       39
<PAGE>

all the Securities of such series and any related coupons waive any past default
hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default

                  (1) in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
         interest on or Additional Amounts payable in respect of any Security of
         such series or any related coupons, or

                  (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under
         Article Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the
         Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

                  Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and
any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for
every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any
subsequent or other default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent
thereon.

                  SECTION 514. WAIVER OF USURY, STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS. The
Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at
any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the
benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever enacted, now
or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the
performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may
lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such
law, and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any
power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of
every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

                  SECTION 515. UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS. All parties to this
Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall
be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any
suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any
suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the
filing by any party litigant in such suit of any undertaking to pay the costs of
such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable cost,
including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit
having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by
such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any
suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group
of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the
enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest
on any Security on or after the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such
Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date.

                                   ARTICLE 6

                                   THE TRUSTEE

                  SECTION 601. NOTICE OF DEFAULTS. Within 90 days after the
occurrence of any default hereunder with respect to the Securities of any
series, the Trustee shall transmit in the

                                       40
<PAGE>

manner and to the extent provided in TIA Section 313(c), notice of such default
hereunder known to the Trustee, unless such default shall have been cured or
waived; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, except in the case of a default in the payment
of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on or any Additional
Amounts with respect to any Security of such series, or in the payment of any
sinking or purchase fund installment with respect to the Securities of such
series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long
as Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the
withholding of such notice is in the interests of the Holders of the Securities
and coupons of such series; and PROVIDED FURTHER that in the case of any default
or breach of the character specified in Section 501(4) with respect to the
Securities and coupons of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given
until at least 60 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this
Section, the term "default" means any event which is, or after notice or lapse
of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to the Securities
of such series.

                  SECTION 602. CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE. Subject to the
provisions of TIA Section 315(a) through 315(d):

                  (1) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or
         refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
         instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent,
         order, bond, debenture, note, coupon or other paper or document
         believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by
         the proper party or parties;

                  (2) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein
         shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order
         (other than delivery of any Security, together with any coupons
         appertaining thereto, to the Trustee for authentication and delivery
         pursuant to Section 303 which shall be sufficiently evidenced as
         provided therein) and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be
         sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

                  (3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the
         Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established
         prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the
         Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may,
         in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers'
         Certificate;

                  (4) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of
         such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete
         authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered
         or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

                  (5) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any
         of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request
         or direction of any of the Holders of Securities of any series or any
         related coupons pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall
         have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably
         satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities
         which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or
         direction;

                                       41
<PAGE>

                  (6) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation
         into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate,
         statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction,
         consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon or other paper or
         document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further
         inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit,
         and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or
         investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and
         premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;

                  (7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers
         hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or
         through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible
         for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney
         appointed with due care by it hereunder; and

                  (8) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken,
         suffered or omitted by it in good faith and believed by it to be
         authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon
         it by this Indenture.

                  The Trustee shall not be required to expend or risk its own
funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of
its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it
shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or
adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to
it.

                  Except during the continuance of an Event of Default, the
Trustee undertakes to perform only such duties as are specifically set forth in
this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this
Indenture against the Trustee.

                  SECTION 603. NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF
SECURITIES. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the
Trustee's certificate of authentication, and in any coupons shall be taken as
the statements of the Company, and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating
Agent assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no
representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the
Securities or coupons, except that the Trustee represents that it is duly
authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture, authenticate the Securities
and perform its obligations hereunder. Neither the Trustee nor any
Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the
Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

                  SECTION 604. MAY HOLD SECURITIES. The Trustee, any Paying
Agent, Security Registrar, Authenticating Agent or any other agent of the
Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or
pledgee of Securities and coupons and, subject to TIA Sections 310(b) and 311,
may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it
were not Trustee, Paying Agent, Security Registrar, Authenticating Agent or such
other agent.

                  SECTION 605. MONEY HELD IN TRUST. Money held by the Trustee in
trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent
required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any
money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed in writing with the
Company.

                                       42
<PAGE>

                  SECTION 606. COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT. The Company
agrees:

                  (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable
         compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder (which
         compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to
         the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

                  (2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to
         reimburse each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee upon its
         request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances
         incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of
         this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses
         and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense,
         disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its negligence or bad
         faith; and

                  (3) to indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor
         Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or
         expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on its own part,
         arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration
         of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of
         defending itself against any claim or liability in connection with the
         exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder.

                  When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in
connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 501(6) or Section
501(7), the expenses (including the reasonable charges and expenses of its
counsel) and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute
expenses of administration under any applicable Federal or state bankruptcy,
insolvency or other similar law.

                  As security for the performance of the obligations of the
Company under this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the
Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such,
except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of (or premium, if any)
or interest on particular Securities or any coupons.

                  The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination
of this Indenture.

                  SECTION 607. CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY;
CONFLICTING INTERESTS. There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which
shall be eligible to act as Trustee under TIA Section 310(a)(1) and shall have a
combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. If such corporation
publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or the
requirements of Federal, State, Territorial or District of Columbia supervising
or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined
capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined
capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so
published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance
with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner
and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

                  SECTION 608. RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF
SUCCESSOR. (a) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a
successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the
acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the
applicable requirements of Section 609.

                                       43
<PAGE>

                  (b) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the
Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the
Company. If an instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee shall not have
been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of
resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

                  (c) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the
Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Trustee and to the
Company.

                  (d) If at any time:

                  (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of
         TIA Section 310(b) after written request therefor by the Company or by
         any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security
         for at least six months, or

                  (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section
         607(a) and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the
         Company or by any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder
         of a Security for at least six months, or

                  (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be
         adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its
         property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or
         control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of
         rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation,

then, in any such case, (i) the Company by or pursuant to a Board Resolution may
remove the Trustee and appoint a successor Trustee with respect to all
Securities, or (ii) subject to TIA Section 315(e), any Holder of a Security who
has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf
of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and
the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

                  (e) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become
incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for
any cause with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by
or pursuant to a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or
Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being
understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the
Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall
be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series).
If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the
occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the
Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall,
forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment, become the successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the
successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or
the Holders of Securities and accepted appointment in the manner hereinafter
provided, any Holder of a

                                       44
<PAGE>

Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at
least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated,
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor
Trustee with respect to Securities of such series.

                  (f) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each
removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each
appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series
in the manner provided for notices to the Holders of Securities in Section 106.
Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

                  SECTION 609. ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR. (a) In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all
Securities, every such successor Trustee shall execute, acknowledge and deliver
to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such
appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee
shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed
or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and
duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on request of the Company or the successor
Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and
deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights,
powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee, and shall duly assign, transfer and
deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring
Trustee hereunder, subject nevertheless to its lien and claim, if any, provided
for in Section 606.

                  (b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor
         Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all)
         series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee
         with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and
         deliver an indenture supplemental hereto, pursuant to Article Nine
         hereof, wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment
         and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or
         desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor
         Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring
         Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which
         the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring
         Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain
         such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm
         that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee
         with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the
         retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the
         retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions
         of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate
         the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it
         being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture
         shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that
         each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder
         separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by
         any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such
         supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring
         Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each
         such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance,
         shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of
         the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those
         series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but,
         on request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring
         Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such

                                       45
<PAGE>

         successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee
         hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to
         which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

                  (c) Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company
         shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly
         vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights,
         powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section,
         as the case may be.

                  (d) No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless
         at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be
         qualified and eligible under this Article.

                  SECTION 610. MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION
TO BUSINESS. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted
or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any
merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or
any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust
business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder,
PROVIDED such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this
Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the
part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities or coupons shall have
been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any
successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee
may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities or coupons so
authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself
authenticated such Securities or coupons. In case any Securities or coupons
shall not have been authenticated by such predecessor Trustee, any such
successor Trustee may authenticate and deliver such Securities or coupons, in
either its own name or that of its predecessor Trustee, with the full force and
effect which this Indenture provides for the certificate of authentication of
the Trustee.

                  SECTION 611. APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT. At any time
when any of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Trustee may appoint an
Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series of Securities
which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of such series issued upon exchange, registration of transfer or
partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all
purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Any such appointment
shall be evidenced by an instrument in writing signed by a Responsible Officer
of the Trustee, a copy of which instrument shall be promptly furnished to the
Company. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and
delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of
authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and
delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate
of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent.
Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and, except as may
otherwise be provided pursuant to Section 301, shall at all times be a bank or
trust company or corporation organized and doing business and in good standing
under the laws of the United States of America or of any State or the District
of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent, having a
combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and subject to
supervision or examination by Federal or State authorities. If such
Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant
to law or the requirements of the

                                       46
<PAGE>

aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this
Section, the combined capital and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be
deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent
report of condition so published. In case at any time an Authenticating Agent
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section,
such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the
effect specified in this Section.

                  Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be
merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation
resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such
Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the
corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall
continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be
otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any
paper or further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

                  An Authenticating Agent for any series of Securities may at
any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee for such
series and to the Company. The Trustee for any series of Securities may at any
time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of
termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such
a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee for such series may appoint a successor
Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give
notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of the series with
respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve in the manner set forth in
Section 106. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its
appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties
of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an
Authenticating Agent herein. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be
appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

                  The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from
time to time reasonable compensation including reimbursement of its reasonable
expenses for its services under this Section.

                  If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made
pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed
thereon, in addition to or in lieu of the Trustee's certificate of
authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication substantially in the
following form:

                  This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein
referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                             CHEMICAL BANK, as Trustee

                                             By______________________________

                                       47
<PAGE>

                                               as Authenticating Agent

                                             By______________________________
                                               Authorized Signature

                                   ARTICLE 7

                HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

                  SECTION 701. DISCLOSURE OF NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS.
Every Holder of Securities or coupons, by receiving and holding the same, agrees
with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor
any Authenticating Agent nor any Paying Agent nor any Security Registrar shall
be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any information as to the
names and addresses of the Holders of Securities in accordance with TIA Section
312, regardless of the source from which such information was derived, and that
the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material
pursuant to a request made under TIA Section 312(b).

                  SECTION 702. REPORTS BY TRUSTEE. Within 60 days after May 15
of each year commencing with the first May 15 after the first issuance of
Securities pursuant to this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all
Holders of Securities as provided in TIA Section 313(c) a brief report dated as
of such May 15 if required by TIA Section 313(a).

                  SECTION 703. REPORTS BY COMPANY. The Company will:

                  (1) file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is
         required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual
         reports and of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies
         of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from
         time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may
         be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or
         Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; or, if the
         Company is not required to file information, documents or reports
         pursuant to either of such Sections, then it will file with the Trustee
         and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed
         from time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and
         periodic information, documents and reports which may be required
         pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in
         respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities
         exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and
         regulations;

                  (2) file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance
         with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
         Commission, such additional information, documents and reports with
         respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants
         of this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules
         and regulations; and

                                       48
<PAGE>

                  (3) transmit by mail to the Holders of Securities, within 30
         days after the filing thereof with the Trustee, in the manner and to
         the extent provided in TIA Section 313(c), such summaries of any
         information, documents and reports required to be filed by the Company
         pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Section as may be required
         by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
         Commission.

                  SECTION 704. COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF
HOLDERS. The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

                  (a) semi-annually, not later than 15 days after the Regular
         Record Date for interest for each series of Securities, a list, in such
         form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses
         of the Holders of Registered Securities of such series as of such
         Regular Record Date, or if there is no Regular Record Date for interest
         for such series of Securities, semi-annually, upon such dates as are
         set forth in the Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto
         authorizing such series, and

                  (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing,
         within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a
         list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days
         prior to the time such list is furnished,

PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, so long as the Trustee is the Security Registrar, no
such list shall be required to be furnished.

                                   ARTICLE 8

                CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE, LEASE OR CONVEYANCE

                  SECTION 801. CONSOLIDATIONS AND MERGERS OF COMPANY AND SALES,
LEASES AND CONVEYANCES PERMITTED SUBJECT TO CERTAIN CONDITIONS. The Company may
consolidate with, or sell, lease or convey all or substantially all of its
assets to, or merge with or into any other corporation, provided that in any
such case, (i) either the Company shall be the continuing corporation, or the
successor corporation shall be a corporation organized and existing under the
laws of the United States or a State thereof and such successor corporation
shall expressly assume the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and
premium, if any) and any interest on and all Additional Amounts, if any, payable
in respect of, all the Securities, according to their tenor, and the due and
punctual performance and observance of all of the covenants and conditions of
this Indenture to be performed by the Company by supplemental indenture,
complying with Article Nine hereof, satisfactory to the Trustee, executed and
delivered to the Trustee by such corporation, and (ii) immediately after giving
effect to such transaction and treating any indebtedness which becomes an
obligation of the Company or any Subsidiary as a result thereof as having been
incurred by the Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no
Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or the lapse of time, or
both, would become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.

                  SECTION 802. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF SUCCESSOR CORPORATION. In
case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, lease or conveyance and upon any
such assumption by the successor

                                       49
<PAGE>

corporation, such successor corporation shall succeed to and be substituted for
the Company, with the same effect as if it had been named herein as the party of
the first part, and the predecessor corporation, except in the event of a lease,
shall be relieved of any further obligation under this Indenture and the
Securities. Such successor corporation thereupon may cause to be signed, and may
issue either in its own name or in the name of the Company, any or all of the
Securities issuable hereunder which theretofore shall not have been signed by
the Company and delivered to the Trustee; and, upon the order of such successor
corporation, instead of the Company, and subject to all the terms, conditions
and limitations in this Indenture prescribed, the Trustee shall authenticate and
shall deliver any Securities which previously shall have been signed and
delivered by the officers of the Company to the Trustee for authentication, and
any Securities which such successor corporation thereafter shall cause to be
signed and delivered to the Trustee for that purpose. All the Securities so
issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under this
Indenture as the Securities theretofore or thereafter issued in accordance with
the terms of this Indenture as though all of such Securities had been issued at
the date of the execution hereof.

                  In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, lease or
conveyance, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be
made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.

                  SECTION 803. OFFICERS' CERTIFICATE AND OPINION OF COUNSEL. Any
consolidation, merger, sale, lease or conveyance permitted under Section 801 is
also subject to the condition that the Trustee receive an Officers' Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that any such consolidation, merger,
sale, lease or conveyance, and the assumption by any successor corporation,
complies with the provisions of this Article and that all conditions precedent
herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.

                                   ARTICLE 9

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

                  SECTION 901. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF
HOLDERS. Without the consent of any Holders of Securities or coupons, the
Company, when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and the Trustee,
at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the
following purposes:

                  (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the
         Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of
         the Company herein and in the Securities contained; or

                  (2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of
         the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants
         are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities,
         stating that such covenants are expressly being included solely for the
         benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein
         conferred upon the Company; or

                                       50
<PAGE>

                  (3) to add any additional Events of Default for the benefit of
         the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such Events of
         Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of
         Securities, stating that such Events of Default are expressly being
         included solely for the benefit of such series); PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
         that in respect of any such additional Events of Default such
         supplemental indenture may provide for a particular period of grace
         after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed
         in the case of other defaults) or may provide for an immediate
         enforcement upon such default or may limit the remedies available to
         the Trustee upon such default or may limit the right of the Holders of
         a majority in aggregate principal amount of that or those series of
         Securities to which such additional Events of Default apply to waive
         such default; or

                  (4) to add to or change any of the provisions of this
         Indenture to provide that Bearer Securities may be registrable as to
         principal, to change or eliminate any restrictions on the payment of
         principal of or any premium or interest on Bearer Securities, to permit
         Bearer Securities to be issued in exchange for Registered Securities,
         to permit Bearer Securities to be issued in exchange for Bearer
         Securities of other authorized denominations or to permit or facilitate
         the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form, PROVIDED that any
         such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of
         Securities of any series or any related coupons in any material
         respect; or

                  (5) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this
         Indenture, PROVIDED that any such change or elimination shall become
         effective only when there is no Security Outstanding of any series
         created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture which is
         entitled to the benefit of such provision; or

                  (6) to secure the Securities; or

                  (7) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series
         and any related coupons as permitted by Sections 201 and 301, including
         the provisions and procedures providing for the adjustment of
         conversion rights pursuant to Section 1607 with respect to Securities
         convertible into Common Shares and as otherwise contemplated by Section
         1613 with respect to Securities convertible into Preferred Shares; or

                  (8) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment
         hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one
         or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this
         Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the
         administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee; or

                  (9) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any
         provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other
         provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to
         matters or questions arising under this Indenture which shall not be
         inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, PROVIDED such
         provisions shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of
         Securities of any series or any related coupons in any material
         respect; or

                                       51
<PAGE>

                  (10) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to
         such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the
         defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to
         Sections 401, 1402 and 1403; PROVIDED that any such action shall not
         adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such
         series and any related coupons or any other series of Securities in any
         material respect.

                  SECTION 902. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS.
With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount
of all Outstanding Securities affected by such supplemental indenture, by Act of
said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when
authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into
an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any
provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of
this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of
Securities and any related coupons under this Indenture; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that
no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security affected thereby:

                  (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of (or
         premium, if any, on) or any installment of principal of or interest on,
         any Security; or reduce the principal amount thereof or the rate or
         amount of interest thereon or any Additional Amounts payable in respect
         thereof, or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or change
         any obligation of the Company to pay Additional Amounts pursuant to
         Section 1005 (except as contemplated by Section 801 and permitted by
         Section 901), or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original
         Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon a
         declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section
         502 or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section
         504, or adversely affect any right of repayment at the option of the
         Holder of any Security, or change any Place of Payment where, or the
         currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or
         currencies in which, any Security or any premium or the interest
         thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the
         enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof
         (or, in the case of redemption or repayment at the option of the
         Holder, on or after the Redemption Date or the Repayment Date, as the
         case may be), or

                  (2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the
         Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is
         required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose
         Holders is required for any waiver with respect to such series (or
         compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain
         defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this
         Indenture, or reduce the requirements of Section 1504 for quorum or
         voting, or

                  (3) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 513,
         except to increase the percentage required to effect such action or to
         provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be
         modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each
         Outstanding Security affected thereby; or

                  (4) subordinate the indebtedness evidenced by the Securities
         to any indebtedness of the Company other than Senior Indebtedness.

                                       52
<PAGE>

                  It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this
Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture,
but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

                  A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any
covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included
solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which
modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to
such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under
this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

                  SECTION 903. EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. In
executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental
indenture permitted by this Article or the modification thereby of the trusts
created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and shall
be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the
execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this
Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such
supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

                  SECTION 904. EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. Upon the
execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall
be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form
a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities
theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder and of any
coupon appertaining thereto shall be bound thereby.

                  SECTION 905. CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT. Every
supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

                  SECTION 906. REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL
INDENTURES. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall,
if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as
to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall
so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the
opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may
be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

                                   ARTICLE 10

                                   COVENANTS

                  SECTION 1001. PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM, IF ANY, INTEREST
AND ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS. The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the
Holders of each series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the
principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts
payable in respect of the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms
of such series of Securities, any coupons appertaining thereto and this
Indenture.

                                       53
<PAGE>

Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to any
series of Securities, any interest due on and any Additional Amounts payable in
respect of Bearer Securities on or before Maturity, other than Additional
Amounts, if any, payable as provided in Section 1005 in respect of principal of
(or premium, if any, on) such a Security, shall be payable only upon
presentation and surrender of the several coupons for such interest installments
as are evidenced thereby as they severally mature. Unless otherwise specified
with respect to Securities of any series pursuant to Section 301, at the option
of the Company, all payments of principal may be paid by check to the registered
Holder of the Registered Security or other person entitled thereto against
surrender of such Security.

                  SECTION 1002. MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY. If Securities
of a series are issuable only as Registered Securities, the Company shall
maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an office or
agency where Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for
payment or conversion, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for
registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon
the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may
be served. If Securities of a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, the
Company will maintain: (A) in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, an
office or agency where any Registered Securities of that series may be presented
or surrendered for payment or conversion, where any Registered Securities of
that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of
that series may be surrendered for exchange, where notices and demands to or
upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture
may be served and where Bearer Securities of that series and related coupons may
be presented or surrendered for payment in the circumstances described in the
following paragraph (and not otherwise); (B) subject to any laws or regulations
applicable thereto, in a Place of Payment for that series which is located
outside the United States, an office or agency where Securities of that series
and related coupons may be presented and surrendered for payment (including
payment of any Additional Amounts payable on Securities of that series pursuant
to Section 1005) or conversion; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the Securities of
that series are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange or any other stock
exchange located outside the United States and such stock exchange shall so
require, the Company will maintain a Paying Agent for the Securities of that
series in Luxembourg or any other required city located outside the United
States, as the case may be, so long as the Securities of that series are listed
on such exchange; and (C) subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto,
in a Place of Payment for that series located outside the United States an
office or agency where any Registered Securities of that series may be
surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of that series may be
surrendered for exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in
respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. The
Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any
change in the location, of each such office or agency. If at any time the
Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail
to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee, except that Bearer Securities of that series and the related coupons
may be presented and surrendered for payment (including payment of any
Additional Amounts payable on Bearer Securities of that series pursuant to
Section 1005) at the offices specified in the Security, in London, England, and
the Company hereby appoints the same as its agent to receive such respective
presentations, surrenders, notices and demands, and the

                                       54
<PAGE>

Company hereby appoints the Trustee its agent to receive all such presentations,
surrenders, notices and demands.

                  Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities
pursuant to Section 301, no payment of principal, premium or interest on or
Additional Amounts in respect of Bearer Securities shall be made at any office
or agency of the Company in the United States or by check mailed to any address
in the United States or by transfer to an account maintained with a bank located
in the United States; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, if the Securities of a series are
payable in Dollars, payment of principal of and any premium and interest on any
Bearer Security (including any Additional Amounts payable in respect of
Securities of such series pursuant to Section 1005) shall be made at the office
of the Company's Paying Agent in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York,
if (but only if) payment in Dollars of the full amount of such principal,
premium, interest or Additional Amounts, as the case may be, at all offices or
agencies outside the United States maintained for the purpose by the Company in
accordance with this Indenture, is illegal or effectively precluded by exchange
controls or other similar restrictions.

                  The Company may from time to time designate one or more other
offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented
or surrendered for any or all of such purposes, and may from time to time
rescind such designations; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such designation or
rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain
an office or agency in accordance with the requirements set forth above for
Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written
notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in
the location of any such other office or agency. Unless otherwise specified with
respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301 with respect to a series of
Securities, the Company hereby designates as a Place of Payment for each series
of Securities the office or agency of the Company in the Borough of Manhattan,
The City of New York, and initially appoints the Trustee at its Corporate Trust
Office as Paying Agent in such city and as its agent to receive all such
presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

                  Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities
pursuant to Section 301, if and so long as the Securities of any series (i) are
denominated in a Foreign Currency or (ii) may be payable in a Foreign Currency
other than Dollars, or so long as it is required under any other provision of
the Indenture, then the Company will maintain with respect to each such series
of Securities, or as so required, at least one exchange rate agent.

                  SECTION 1003. MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN
TRUST. If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect
to any series of any Securities and any related coupons, it will, on or before
each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any), or interest on or
Additional Amounts in respect of, any of the Securities of that series,
segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a
sum in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency
or currencies in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as
otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series)
sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest or Additional
Amounts so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or
otherwise disposed of as herein provided, and will promptly notify the Trustee
of its action or failure so to act.

                                       55
<PAGE>

                  Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for
any series of Securities and any related coupons, it will, on or before each due
date of the principal of (and premium, if any), or interest on or Additional
Amounts in respect of, any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying
Agent a sum (in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite
currency or currencies described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay
the principal (and premium, if any) or interest or Additional Amounts, so
becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled to such principal, premium or interest or Additional Amounts and
(unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the
Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

                  The Company will cause each Paying Agent other than the
Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying
Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section,
that such Paying Agent will

                  (1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of principal of
         (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities in trust for the
         benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid
         to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

                  (2) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or
         any other obligor upon the Securities) in the making of any such
         payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest; and

                  (3) at any time during the continuance of any such default
         upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee
         all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

                  The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or
such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee,
such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to
such sums.

                  Except as otherwise provided in the Securities of any series,
any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the
Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or
interest on, or any Additional Amounts in respect of, any Security of any series
and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal (and premium, if
any), interest or Additional Amounts has become due and payable shall be paid to
the Company upon Company Request or (if then held by the Company) shall be
discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as
an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment of such
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on, or any Additional Amounts in
respect of, any Security, without interest thereon, and all liability of the
Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability
of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such
repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause notice to be mailed to the
holders of such Securities or published once, in an Authorized Newspaper, to the
effect that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date

                                       56
<PAGE>

specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such
mailing or publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will
be repaid to the Company.

                  SECTION 1004. STATEMENT AS TO COMPLIANCE. The Company will
deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year (which
as of the date hereof is December 31), a brief certificate from the principal
executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer
as to his or her knowledge of the Company's compliance with all conditions and
covenants under this Indenture and, in the event of any noncompliance,
specifying such noncompliance and the nature and status thereof. For purposes of
this Section 1006, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any
period of grace or requirement of notice under this Indenture.

                  SECTION 1005. ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS. If any Securities of a
series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts, the Company will pay to
the Holder of any Security of such series or any coupon appertaining thereto
Additional Amounts as may be specified as contemplated by Section 301. Whenever
in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context except in the case of
Section 502(1), the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on,
or in respect of, any Security of any series or payment of any related coupon or
the net proceeds received on the sale or exchange of any Security of any series,
such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional
Amounts provided by the terms of such series established pursuant to Section 301
to the extent that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be
payable in respect thereof pursuant to such terms and express mention of the
payment of Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any provisions hereof shall not
be construed as excluding Additional Amounts in those provisions hereof where
such express mention is not made.

                  Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301,
if the Securities of a series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts, at
least 10 days prior to the first Interest Payment Date with respect to that
series of Securities (or if the Securities of that series will not bear interest
prior to Maturity, the first day on which a payment of principal and any premium
is made), and at least 10 days prior to each date of payment of principal and
any premium or interest if there has been any change with respect to the matters
set forth in the below-mentioned Officers' Certificate, the Company will furnish
the Trustee and the Company's principal Paying Agent or Paying Agents, if other
than the Trustee, with an Officers' Certificate instructing the Trustee and such
Paying Agent or Paying Agents whether such payment of principal of and any
premium or interest on the Securities of that series shall be made to Holders of
Securities of that series or any related coupons who are not United States
persons without withholding for or on account of any tax, assessment or other
governmental charge described in the Securities of the series. If any such
withholding shall be required, then such Officers' Certificate shall specify by
country the amount, if any, required to be withheld on such payments to such
Holders of Securities of that series or related coupons and the Company will pay
to the Trustee or such Paying Agent the Additional Amounts required by the terms
of such Securities. In the event that the Trustee or any Paying Agent, as the
case may be, shall not so receive the above-mentioned certificate, then the
Trustee or such Paying Agent shall be entitled (i) to assume that no such
withholding or deduction is required with respect to any payment of principal or
interest with respect to any Securities of a series or related coupons until it
shall have received a certificate

                                       57
<PAGE>

advising otherwise and (ii) to make all payments of principal and interest with
respect to the Securities of a series or related coupons without withholding or
deductions until otherwise advised. The Company covenants to indemnify the
Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense reasonably incurred without negligence or bad faith on
their part arising out of or in connection with actions taken or omitted by any
of them or in reliance on any Officers' Certificate furnished pursuant to this
Section or in reliance on the Company's not furnishing such an Officers'
Certificate.

                                   ARTICLE 11

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

                  SECTION 1101. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE. Securities of any
series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in
accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated
by Section 301 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

                  SECTION 1102. ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE. The
election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the
Company of less than all of the Securities of any series, the Company shall, at
least 45 days prior to the giving of the notice of redemption referred to in
Section 1104 (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee),
notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of
Securities of such series to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of
Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption
provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the
Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate evidencing
compliance with such restriction.

                  SECTION 1103. SELECTION BY TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE
REDEEMED. If less than all the Securities of any series issued on the same day
with the same terms are to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed
shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the
Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series issued on such date with
the same terms not previously called for redemption (excluding any such
Outstanding Securities held by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries), by such
method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for
the selection for redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized
denomination for Securities of that series or any integral multiple thereof) of
the principal amount of Securities of such series of a denomination larger than
the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series.

                  The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security
Registrar (if other than itself) in writing of the Securities selected for
redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption,
the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

                  For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context
otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities
shall relate, in the case of any Security

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<PAGE>

redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount
of such Security which has been or is to be redeemed.

                  SECTION 1104. NOTICE OF REDEMPTION. Notice of redemption shall
be given in the manner provided in Section 106, not less than 30 days nor more
than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, unless a shorter period is specified
by the terms of such series established pursuant to Section 301, to each Holder
of Securities to be redeemed, but failure to give such notice in the manner
herein provided to the Holder of any Security designated for redemption as a
whole or in part, or any defect in the notice to any such Holder, shall not
affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other such
Security or portion thereof.

                  Any notice that is mailed to the Holders of Registered
Securities in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have
been duly given, whether or not the Holder receives the notice.

                  All notices of redemption shall state:

                  (1) the Redemption Date,

                  (2) the Redemption Price, accrued interest to the Redemption
         Date payable as provided in Section 1106, if any, and Additional
         Amounts, if any,

                  (3) if less than all Outstanding Securities of any series are
         to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial
         redemption, the principal amount) of the particular Security or
         Securities to be redeemed,

                  (4) in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the
         notice which relates to such Security shall state that on and after the
         Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the holder will
         receive, without a charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized
         denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed,

                  (5) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price and
         accrued interest to the Redemption Date payable as provided in Section
         1106, if any, will become due and payable upon each such Security, or
         the portion thereof, to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest
         thereon shall cease to accrue on and after said date,

                  (6) the Place or Places of Payment where such Securities,
         together in the case of Bearer Securities with all coupons appertaining
         thereto, if any, maturing after the Redemption Date, are to be
         surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest,
         if any, or for conversion,

                  (7) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the
         case,

                  (8) that, unless otherwise specified in such notice, Bearer
         Securities of any series, if any, surrendered for redemption must be
         accompanied by all coupons maturing subsequent to the date fixed for
         redemption or the amount of any such missing coupon or coupons will be
         deducted from the Redemption Price, unless security or indemnity

                                       59
<PAGE>

         satisfactory to the Company, the Trustee for such series and any Paying
         Agent is furnished,

                  (9) if Bearer Securities of any series are to be redeemed and
         any Registered Securities of such series are not to be redeemed, and if
         such Bearer Securities may be exchanged for Registered Securities not
         subject to redemption on this Redemption Date pursuant to Section 305
         or otherwise, the last date, as determined by the Company, on which
         such exchanges may be made,

                  (10) the CUSIP number of such Security, if any, and

                  (11) if applicable, that a Holder of Securities who desires to
         convert Securities for redemption must satisfy the requirements for
         conversion contained in such Securities, the then existing conversion
         price or rate, and the date and time when the option to convert shall
         expire.

                  Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed shall be
given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the Trustee in the name
and at the expense of the Company.

                  SECTION 1105. DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE. At or prior to
10:00 a.m. on any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or
with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, which
it may not do in the case of a sinking fund payment under Article Twelve,
segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of money in
the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or
currencies in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as
otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series)
sufficient to pay on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price of, and (except if
the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all
the Securities or portions thereof which are to be redeemed on that date.

                  SECTION 1106. SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE. Notice of
redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed
shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price
therein specified in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or
composite currency or currencies in which the Securities of such series are
payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for the
Securities of such series) (together with accrued interest, if any, to the
Redemption Date), and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default
in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Securities
shall, if the same were interest-bearing, cease to bear interest and the coupons
for such interest appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be redeemed,
except to the extent provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of any such
Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, together with all
coupons, if any, appertaining thereto maturing after the Redemption Date, such
Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with
accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that
installments of interest on Bearer Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or
prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable only at an office or agency
located outside the United States (except as otherwise provided in Section 1002)
and, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, only upon
presentation and surrender of coupons for such interest; and PROVIDED

                                       60
<PAGE>

FURTHER that, except as otherwise provided with respect to Securities
convertible into Common Shares or Preferred Shares, installments of interest on
Registered Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption
Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the
relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section
307.

                  If any Bearer Security surrendered for redemption shall not be
accompanied by all appurtenant coupons maturing after the Redemption Date, such
Security may be paid after deducting from the Redemption Price an amount equal
to the face amount of all such missing coupons, or the surrender of such missing
coupon or coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there be
furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of
them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security
shall surrender to the Trustee or any Paying Agent any such missing coupon in
respect of which a deduction shall have been made from the Redemption Price,
such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount so deducted; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that interest represented by coupons shall be payable only at an office
or agency located outside the United States (except as otherwise provided in
Section 1002) and, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301,
only upon presentation and surrender of those coupons.

                  If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid
upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any)
shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate borne by
the Security.

                  SECTION 1107. SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART. Any Registered
Security which is to be redeemed only in part (pursuant to the provisions of
this Article or of Article Twelve) shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment
therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by,
or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the
Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in
writing) and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge a new Security or
Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination as requested by
such Holder in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the
unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered.

                  SECTION 1108. CONVERSION ARRANGEMENT ON CALL FOR REDEMPTION.
In connection with any redemption of Securities, the Company may arrange for the
purchase and conversion of any Securities called for redemption by an agreement
with one or more investment bankers or other purchasers to purchase such
Securities by paying to the Trustee or the Paying Agent in trust for the Holders
of Securities, on or before 10:00 a.m. New York time on the Redemption Date, an
amount not less than the Redemption Price, together with interest, if any,
accrued to the Redemption Date of such Securities, in immediately available
funds. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article
Eleven, the obligation of the Company to pay the Redemption Price of such
Securities, including all accrued interest, if any, shall be deemed to be
satisfied and discharged to the extent such amount is so paid by such
purchasers. If such an agreement is entered into, any Securities not duly
surrendered for conversion by the Holders thereof may, at the option of the
Company, be deemed, to the fullest extent permitted by law, acquired by such
purchasers from such Holders and surrendered by such purchasers for conversion,
all as of immediately prior to the close of business on the last day on

                                       61
<PAGE>

which Securities of such series called for redemption may be converted in
accordance with this Indenture and the terms of such Securities, subject to
payment to the Trustee or Paying Agent of the above-described amount. The
Trustee or the Paying Agent shall hold and pay to the Holders whose Securities
are selected for redemption any such amount paid to it in the same manner as it
would pay moneys deposited with it by the Company for the redemption of
Securities. Without the Trustee's and the Paying Agent's prior written consent,
no arrangement between the Company and such purchasers for the purchase and
conversion of any Securities shall increase or otherwise affect any of the
powers, duties, responsibilities or obligations of the Trustee and the Paying
Agent as set forth in this Indenture, and the Company agrees to indemnify the
Trustee and the Paying Agent from, and hold them harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense arising out of or in connection with any such arrangement
for the purpose and conversion of any Securities between the Company and such
purchasers, including the costs and expenses incurred by the Trustee and the
Paying Agent (including the fees and expenses of their agents and counsel) in
the defense of any claim or liability arising out of or in connection with the
exercise or performance of any of their powers, duties, responsibilities or
obligations under this Indenture.

                                   ARTICLE 12

                                  SINKING FUNDS

                  SECTION 1201. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE. The provisions of this
Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities
of a series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for
Securities of such series.

                  The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by
the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory
sinking fund payment", and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided
for by the terms of such Securities of any series is herein referred to as an
"optional sinking fund payment". If provided for by the terms of any Securities
of any series, the cash amount of any mandatory sinking fund payment may be
subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment
shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for
by the terms of Securities of such series.

                  SECTION 1202. SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH
SECURITIES. The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any mandatory
sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of a series, (1) deliver
Outstanding Securities of such series (other than any previously called for
redemption) together in the case of any Bearer Securities of such series with
all unmatured coupons appertaining thereto and (2) apply as a credit Securities
of such series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company
pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted
optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, as
provided for by the terms of such Securities; PROVIDED that such Securities so
delivered or applied as a credit have not been previously so credited. Such
Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the
applicable Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through
operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such mandatory sinking fund
payment shall be reduced accordingly.

                                       62
<PAGE>

                  SECTION 1203. REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND. Not
less than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for Securities of any
series, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for
that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any,
which is to be satisfied by payment of cash in the currency or currencies,
currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies in which the
Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to
Section 301 for the Securities of such series) and the portion thereof, if any,
which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series
pursuant to Section 1202, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash
to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and will also deliver to the
Trustee any Securities to be so delivered and credited. If such Officers'
Certificate shall specify an optional amount to be added in cash to the next
ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, the Company shall thereupon be obligated
to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 30 days before each such
sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed
upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and
cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the
expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice
having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the
terms and in the manner stated in Sections 1106 and 1107.

                                   ARTICLE 13

                       REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS

                  SECTION 1301. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE. Repayment of
Securities of any series before their Stated Maturity at the option of Holders
thereof shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Securities, if any,
and (except as otherwise specified by the terms of such series established
pursuant to Section 301) in accordance with this Article.

                  SECTION 1302. REPAYMENT OF SECURITIES. Securities of any
series subject to repayment in whole or in part at the option of the Holders
thereof will, unless otherwise provided in the terms of such Securities, be
repaid at a price equal to the principal amount thereof, together with interest,
if any, thereon accrued to the Repayment Date specified in or pursuant to the
terms of such Securities. The Company covenants that at or prior to 10:00 a.m.
on the Repayment Date it will deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent
(or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in
trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of money in the currency or
currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies in which
the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified
pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series) sufficient to pay the
principal (or, if so provided by the terms of the Securities of any series, a
percentage of the principal) of, and (except if the Repayment Date shall be an
Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities or portions
thereof, as the case may be, to be repaid on such date.

                  SECTION 1303. EXERCISE OF OPTION. Securities of any series
subject to repayment at the option of the Holders thereof will contain an
"Option to Elect Repayment" form

                                       63
<PAGE>

on the reverse of such Securities. In order for any Security to be repaid at the
option of the Holder, the Trustee must receive at the Place of Payment therefor
specified in the terms of such Security (or at such other place or places of
which the Company shall from time to time notify the Holders of such Securities)
not earlier than 60 days nor later than 30 days prior to the Repayment Date (1)
the Security so providing for such repayment together with the "Option to Elect
Repayment" form on the reverse thereof duly completed by the Holder (or by the
Holder's attorney duly authorized in writing) or (2) a telegram, facsimile
transmission or a letter from a member of a national securities exchange, or the
National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. ("NASD"), or a commercial bank
or trust company in the United States setting forth the name of the Holder of
the Security, the principal amount of the Security, the principal amount of the
Security to be repaid, the CUSIP number, if any, or a description of the tenor
and terms of the Security, a statement that the option to elect repayment is
being exercised thereby and a guarantee that the Security to be repaid, together
with the duly completed form entitled "Option to Elect Repayment" on the reverse
of the Security, will be received by the Trustee not later than the fifth
Business Day after the date of such telegram, facsimile transmission or letter;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that such telegram, facsimile transmission or letter shall
only be effective if such Security and form duly completed are received by the
Trustee by such fifth Business Day. If less than the entire principal amount of
such Security is to be repaid in accordance with the terms of such Security, the
principal amount of such Security to be repaid, in increments of the minimum
denomination for Securities of such series, and the denomination or
denominations of the Security or Securities to be issued to the Holder for the
portion of the principal amount of such Security surrendered that is not to be
repaid, must be specified. The principal amount of any Security providing for
repayment at the option of the Holder thereof may not be repaid in part if,
following such repayment, the unpaid principal amount of such Security would be
less than the minimum authorized denomination of Securities of the series of
which such Security to be repaid is a part. Except as otherwise may be provided
by the terms of any Security providing for repayment at the option of the Holder
thereof, exercise of the repayment option by the Holder shall be irrevocable
unless waived by the Company.

                  SECTION 1304. WHEN SECURITIES PRESENTED FOR REPAYMENT BECOME
DUE AND PAYABLE. If Securities of any series providing for repayment at the
option of the Holders thereof shall have been surrendered as provided in this
Article and as provided by or pursuant to the terms of such Securities, such
Securities or the portions thereof, as the case may be, to be repaid shall
become due and payable and shall be paid by the Company on the Repayment Date
therein specified, and on and after such Repayment Date (unless the Company
shall default in the payment of such Securities on such Repayment Date) such
Securities shall, if the same were interest-bearing, cease to bear interest and
the coupons for such interest appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be
repaid, except to the extent provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of
any such Security for repayment in accordance with such provisions, together
with all coupons, if any, appertaining thereto maturing after the Repayment
Date, the principal amount of such Security so to be repaid shall be paid by the
Company, together with accrued interest, if any, to the Repayment Date;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that coupons whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the
Repayment Date shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the
United States (except as otherwise provided in Section 1002) and, unless
otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301, only upon presentation and
surrender of such coupons; and PROVIDED FURTHER that, in the case of Registered
Securities, installments of interest, if any, whose Stated Maturity is on or
prior to the Repayment Date shall be payable (but without interest thereon,

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<PAGE>

unless the Company shall default in the payment thereof) to the Holders of such
Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the
close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the
provisions of Section 307.

                  If any Bearer Security surrendered for repayment shall not be
accompanied by all appurtenant coupons maturing after the Repayment Date, such
Security may be paid after deducting from the amount payable therefor as
provided in Section 1302 an amount equal to the face amount of all such missing
coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be waived by the
Company and the Trustee if there be furnished to them such security or indemnity
as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If
thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender to the Trustee or any
Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which a deduction shall have
been made as provided in the preceding sentence, such Holder shall be entitled
to receive the amount so deducted; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that interest represented
by coupons shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the
United States (except as otherwise provided in Section 1002) and, unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, only upon presentation and
surrender of those coupons.

                  If the principal amount of any Security surrendered for
repayment shall not be so repaid upon surrender thereof, such principal amount
(together with interest, if any, thereon accrued to such Repayment Date) shall,
until paid, bear interest from the Repayment Date at the rate of interest or
Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) set forth
in such Security.

                  SECTION 1305. SECURITIES REPAID IN PART. Upon surrender of any
Registered Security which is to be repaid in part only, the Company shall
execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such
Security, without service charge and at the expense of the Company, a new
Registered Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized
denomination specified by the Holder, in an aggregate principal amount equal to
and in exchange for the portion of the principal of such Security so surrendered
which is not to be repaid.

                                   ARTICLE 14

                       DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

                  SECTION 1401. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE; COMPANY'S OPTION TO
EFFECT DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE. If, pursuant to Section 301, provision
is made for either or both of (a) defeasance of the Securities of or within a
series under Section 1402 or (b) covenant defeasance of the Securities of or
within a series under Section 1403, then the provisions of such Section or
Sections, as the case may be, together with the other provisions of this Article
(with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to Section 301
with respect to any Securities), shall be applicable to such Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto, and the Company may at its option by Board
Resolution, at any time, with respect to such Securities and any coupons
appertaining thereto, elect to have Section 1402 (if applicable) or Section 1403
(if

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<PAGE>

applicable) be applied to such Outstanding Securities and any coupons
appertaining thereto upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this
Article.

                  SECTION 1402. DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE. Upon the Company's
exercise of the above option applicable to this Section with respect to any
Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been
discharged from its obligations with respect to such Outstanding Securities and
any coupons appertaining thereto on the date the conditions set forth in Section
1404 are satisfied (hereinafter, "defeasance"). For this purpose, such
defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged
the entire indebtedness represented by such Outstanding Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto, which shall thereafter be deemed to be
"Outstanding" only for the purposes of Section 1405 and the other Sections of
this Indenture referred to in clauses (A) and (B) of this Section, and to have
satisfied all its other obligations under such Securities and any coupons
appertaining thereto and this Indenture insofar as such Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of
the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except
for the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged
hereunder: (A) the rights of Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto to receive, solely from the trust fund described in
Section 1404 and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of
the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities
and any coupons appertaining thereto when such payments are due, (B) the
Company's obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 305, 306,
1002 and 1003 and with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, on
such Securities as contemplated by Section 1005, (C) the rights, powers, trusts,
duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (D) this Article. Subject to
compliance with this Article Fourteen, the Company may exercise its option under
this Section notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 1403
with respect to such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto.

                  SECTION 1403. COVENANT DEFEASANCE. If specified pursuant to
Section 301, upon the Company's exercise of the above option applicable to this
Section with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company shall
be released from its obligations under any covenant contained herein with
respect to such Outstanding Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto on
and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 1404 are satisfied
(hereinafter, "covenant defeasance"), and such Securities and any coupons
appertaining thereto shall thereafter be deemed to be not "Outstanding" for the
purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and
the consequences of any thereof) in connection with any such other covenant, but
shall continue to be deemed "Outstanding" for all other purposes hereunder. For
this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect to such
Outstanding Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto, the Company may
omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term,
condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or
indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or
such other covenant or by reason of reference in any such Section or such other
covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such
omission to comply shall not constitute a default or an Event of Default under
Section 501(4) or 501(7) or otherwise, as the case may be, but, except as
specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto shall be unaffected thereby.

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<PAGE>

                  SECTION 1404. CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.
The following shall be the conditions to application of Section 1402 or Section
1403 to any Outstanding Securities of or within a series and any coupons
appertaining thereto:

                  (a) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to
         be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the
         requirements of Section 607 who shall agree to comply with the
         provisions of this Article Fourteen applicable to it) as trust funds in
         trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically
         pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the
         Holders of such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto, (1) an
         amount in such currency, currencies or currency unit in which such
         Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto are then specified as
         payable at Stated Maturity, or (2) Government Obligations applicable to
         such Securities and coupons appertaining thereto (determined on the
         basis of the currency, currencies or currency unit in which such
         Securities and coupons appertaining thereto are then specified as
         payable at Stated Maturity) which through the scheduled payment of
         principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their
         terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any
         payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on
         such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto, money in an
         amount, or (3) a combination thereof, in any case, in an amount,
         sufficient, without consideration of any reinvestment of such principal
         and interest, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
         independent public accountants expressed in a written certification
         thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall
         be applied by the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay and
         discharge, (i) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if
         any, on such Outstanding Securities and any coupons appertaining
         thereto on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of
         principal or interest and (ii) any mandatory sinking fund payments or
         analogous payments applicable to such Outstanding Securities and any
         coupons appertaining thereto on the day on which such payments are due
         and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of such
         Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto.

                  (b) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result in
         a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture
         or any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company is a
         party or by which it is bound.

                  (c) No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of
         time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to such
         Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto shall have occurred and
         be continuing on the date of such deposit or, insofar as Sections
         501(6) and 501(7) are concerned, at any time during the period ending
         on the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it being understood
         that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration
         of such period).

                  (d) In the case of an election under Section 1402, the Company
         shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that
         (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the
         Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution
         of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal
         income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon
         such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Outstanding
         Securities and any coupons appertaining

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<PAGE>

         thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax
         purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to Federal
         income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same
         times as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred.

                  (e) In the case of an election under Section 1403, the Company
         shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect
         that the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any coupons
         appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss for
         Federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and
         will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same
         manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such
         covenant defeasance had not occurred.

                  (f) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
         conditions precedent to the defeasance under Section 1402 or the
         covenant defeasance under Section 1403 (as the case may be) have been
         complied with and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that either (i)
         as a result of a deposit pursuant to subsection (a) above and the
         related exercise of the Company's option under Section 1402 or Section
         1403 (as the case may be), registration is not required under the
         Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, by the Company, with
         respect to the trust funds representing such deposit or by the trustee
         for such trust funds or (ii) all necessary registrations under said Act
         have been effected.

                  (g) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section, such
         defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in compliance with
         any additional or substitute terms, conditions or limitations which may
         be imposed on the Company in connection therewith pursuant to Section
         301.

                  SECTION 1405. DEPOSITED MONEY AND GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE
HELD IN TRUST; OTHER MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

                  . Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section
1003, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided
pursuant to Section 301) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the
Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section
1405, the "Trustee") pursuant to Section 1404 in respect of any Outstanding
Securities of any series and any coupons appertaining thereto shall be held in
trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such
Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto and this Indenture, to the
payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company
acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of
such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto of all sums due and to
become due thereon in respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest
and Additional Amounts, if any, but such money need not be segregated from other
funds except to the extent required by law.

                  Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Security
pursuant to Section 301, if, after a deposit referred to in Section 1404(a) has
been made, (a) the Holder of a Security in respect of which such deposit was
made is entitled to, and does, elect pursuant to Section 301 or the terms of
such Security to receive payment in a currency or currency unit other than that
in

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<PAGE>

which the deposit pursuant to Section 1404(a) has been made in respect of such
Security, or (b) a Conversion Event occurs in respect of the currency or
currency unit in which the deposit pursuant to Section 1404(a) has been made,
the indebtedness represented by such Security and any coupons appertaining
thereto shall be deemed to have been, and will be, fully discharged and
satisfied through the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and
interest, if any, on such Security as the same becomes due out of the proceeds
yielded by converting (from time to time as specified below in the case of any
such election) the amount or other property deposited in respect of such
Security into the currency or currency unit in which such Security becomes
payable as a result of such election or Conversion Event based on the applicable
market exchange rate for such currency or currency unit in effect on the second
Business Day prior to each payment date, except, with respect to a Conversion
Event, for such currency or currency unit in effect (as nearly as feasible) at
the time of the Conversion Event.

                  The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any
tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the Government
Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 1404 or the principal and interest
received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which
by law is for the account of the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto.

                  Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding,
subject to Section 606, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from
time to time upon Company Request any money or Government Obligations (or other
property and any proceeds therefrom) held by it as provided in Section 1404
which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public
accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the
Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be
deposited to effect a defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, in
accordance with this Article.

                                   ARTICLE 15

                        MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

                  SECTION 1501. PURPOSES FOR WHICH MEETINGS MAY BE CALLED. A
meeting of Holders of Securities of any series may be called at any time and
from time to time pursuant to this Article to make, give or take any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action
provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities
of such series.

                  SECTION 1502. CALL, NOTICE AND PLACE OF MEETINGS. (a) The
Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Securities of any series
for any purpose specified in Section 1501, to be held at such time and at such
place in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, or in London as the
Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of Holders of Securities of any
series, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general
terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given, in the
manner provided in Section 106, not less than 21 nor more than 180 days prior to
the date fixed for the meeting.

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<PAGE>

                  (h) In case at any time the Company, pursuant to a Board
         Resolution, or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the
         Outstanding Securities of any series shall have requested the Trustee
         to call a meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for any
         purpose specified in Section 1501, by written request setting forth in
         reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and
         the Trustee shall not have made the first publication of the notice of
         such meeting within 21 days after receipt of such request or shall not
         thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as provided herein,
         then the Company or the Holders of Securities of such series in the
         amount above specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and
         the place in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, or in
         London for such meeting and may call such meeting for such purposes by
         giving notice thereof as provided in subsection (a) of this Section.

                  SECTION 1503. PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AT MEETINGS. To be
entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series, a Person
shall be (1) a Holder of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series, or
(2) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for a Holder or
Holders of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series by such Holder or
Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any
meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be the Persons entitled to
vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustee and
its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

                  SECTION 1504. QUORUM; ACTION. The Persons entitled to vote a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series shall
constitute a quorum for a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if any action is to be taken at such meeting with
respect to a consent or waiver which this Indenture expressly provides may be
given by the Holders of not less than a specified percentage in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of a series, the Persons entitled to vote such
specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
series shall constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum within 30 minutes
after the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if convened at
the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved. In any other
case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as
determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such
meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any such adjourned meeting, such
adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days
as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such
adjourned meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall be
given as provided in Section 1502(a), except that such notice need be given only
once not less than five days prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled
to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall state
expressly the percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.

                  Except as limited by the proviso to Section 902, any
resolution presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which
a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
series; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, except as limited by the proviso to Section
902, any resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice,

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<PAGE>

consent, waiver or other action which this Indenture expressly provides may be
made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage, which is less
than a majority, in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series
may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly reconvened and at which
a quorum is present as aforesaid by the affirmative vote of the Holders of such
specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
series.

                  Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of
Holders of Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section
shall be binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series and the related
coupons, whether or not present or represented at the meeting.

                  Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1504,
if any action is to be taken at a meeting of Holders of Securities of any series
with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other action that this Indenture expressly provides may be made, given
or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in principal amount of all
Outstanding Securities affected thereby, or of the Holders of such series and
one or more additional series:

                  (i) there shall be no minimum quorum requirement for such
         meeting; and

                  (ii) the principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of
         such series that vote in favor of such request, demand, authorization,
         direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action shall be taken into
         account in determining whether such request, demand, authorization,
         direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action has been made, given
         or taken under this Indenture.

                  SECTION 1505. DETERMINATION OF VOTING RIGHTS; CONDUCT AND
ADJOURNMENT OF MEETINGS. (a) Notwithstanding any provisions of this Indenture,
the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for
any meeting of Holders of Securities of a series in regard to proof of the
holding of Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in
regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and
examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote,
and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem
appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations,
the holding of Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 104
and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in
Section 104 or by having the signature of the Person executing the proxy
witnessed or guaranteed by any trust company, bank or banker authorized by
Section 104 to certify to the holding of Bearer Securities. Such regulations may
provide that written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their face, may
be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 104 or
other proof.

                  (b) The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing appoint a
         temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been
         called by the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in
         Section 1502(b), in which case the Company or the Holders of Securities
         of the series calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall in like
         manner appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent chairman and a
         permanent secretary

                                       71
<PAGE>

         of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Persons entitled to vote
         a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
         series represented at the meeting.

                  (c) At any meeting each Holder of a Security of such series or
         proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of
         the Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by him;
         provided, HOWEVER, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting
         in respect of any Security challenged as not Outstanding and ruled by
         the chairman of the meeting to be not Outstanding. The chairman of the
         meeting shall have no right to vote, except as a Holder of a Security
         of such series or proxy.

                  (d) Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly
         called pursuant to Section 1502 at which a quorum is present may be
         adjourned from time to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority in
         principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series
         represented at the meeting, and the meeting may be held as so adjourned
         without further notice.

                  SECTION 1506. COUNTING VOTES AND RECORDING ACTION OF MEETINGS.
The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of Securities
of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall be subscribed the
signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of their
representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of the
Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The permanent
chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count
all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make
and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written reports in
duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at least in duplicate, of
the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any Series shall be
prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said
record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot
taken thereat and affidavits by one or more persons having knowledge of the
fact, setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said
notice was given as provided in Section 1502 and, if applicable, Section 1504.
Each copy shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent
chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to
the Company and another to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the
latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so
signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.

                                   ARTICLE 16

                            CONVERSION OF SECURITIES

                  SECTION 1601. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE. Securities of any
series which are convertible into Common Stock at the option of the Holder of
such Securities shall be convertible in accordance with their terms and (unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for the Securities of any
series) in accordance with this Article. Each reference in this Article Sixteen
to "a Security" or "the Securities" refers to the Securities of the particular
series that is convertible into Common Shares. If more than one series of
Securities with

                                       72
<PAGE>

         conversion privileges are Outstanding at any time, the provisions of
         this Article Sixteen shall be applied separately to each such series.

                  SECTION 1602. RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO CONVERT SECURITIES INTO
COMMON SHARES. Subject to and upon compliance with the terms of the Securities
and the provisions of Section 1108 and this Article Sixteen, at the option of
the Holder thereof, any Security of any series of any authorized denomination
which is convertible into Common Shares, or any portion of the principal amount
thereof which is $1,000 or any integral multiple of $1,000, may, at any time
during the period specified in the Securities of such series, or in case such
Security of portion thereof shall have been called for redemption, then in
respect of such Security or portion thereof until and including, but not after
(unless the Company shall default in payment due upon the redemption thereof)
the close of business on the Redemption Date (except that in the case of
repayment at the option of the Holder, if specified in the terms of the relevant
Security, such right shall terminate upon the Company's receipt of written
notice of the exercise of such option), be converted into duly authorized,
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable Common Shares, as specified in such
Security, at the conversion price or conversion rate for each $1,000 principal
amount of Securities (such initial conversion rate reflecting an initial
conversion price specified in such Security) in effect on the conversion date,
or, in case an adjustment in the conversion price has taken place pursuant to
the provisions of this Article Sixteen, then at the applicable conversion price
as so adjusted, upon surrender of the Security or Securities, the principal
amount of which is so to be converted, to the Company at any time during usual
business hours at the office or agency to be maintained by it in accordance with
the provisions of Section 1002, accompanied by a written notice of election to
convert as provided in Section 1603 and, if so required by the Company and/or
the Trustee, by a written instrument or instruments of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and/or the Trustee, as applicable, duly executed by
the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing. All Securities
surrendered for conversion shall, if surrendered to the Company or any
conversion agent, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation and cancelled by
it, or shall, if surrendered to the Trustee, be cancelled by it, as provided in
Section 310.

                  The initial conversion price or conversion rate in respect of
a series of Securities shall be as specified in the Securities of such series.
The conversion price or conversion rate will be subject to adjustment on the
terms set forth in Section 1605 or such other or different terms, if any, as may
be specified by Section 301 for Securities of such series. Provisions of this
Indenture that apply to conversion of all of a Security also apply to conversion
of any portion of it.

                  SECTION 1603. ISSUANCE OF COMMON SHARES ON CONVERSIONS. As
promptly as practicable after the surrender, as herein provided, of any Security
or Securities for conversion into Common Shares, the Company shall deliver or
cause to be delivered at its said office or agency to or upon the written order
of the Holder of the Security or Securities so surrendered a certificate or
certificates representing the number of duly authorized, validly issued, fully
paid and nonassessable Common Shares into which such Security or Securities may
be converted in accordance with the terms thereof and the provisions of this
Article Sixteen. Prior to delivery of such certificate or certificates, the
Company shall require written notice at its said office or agency from the
Holder of the Security or Securities so surrendered stating that the Holder
irrevocably elects to convert such Security or Securities, or, if less than the
entire principal

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<PAGE>

amount thereof is to be converted, stating the portion thereof to be converted.
Such notice shall also state the name or names (with address and social security
or other taxpayer identification number) in which said certificate or
certificates are to be issued. Such conversion shall be deemed to have been made
at the time that such Security or Securities shall have been surrendered for
conversion and such notice shall have been received by the Company or the
Trustee, the rights of the Holder of such Security or Securities as a Holder
shall cease at such time, the Person or Persons entitled to receive the Common
Shares upon conversion of such Security or Securities shall be treated for all
purposes as having become either record holder or holders of such Common Shares
at such time and such conversion shall be at the conversion price in effect at
such time. In the case of any Security of any series which is converted in part
only, upon such conversion, the Company shall execute and, upon the Company's
request and at the Company's expense, the Trustee or an Authenticating Agent
shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder thereof, as requested by such
Holder, a new Security or Securities of such series of authorized denominations
in aggregate principal amount equal to the unconverted portion of such Security.

                  If the last day on which such Security may be converted is not
a Business Day in a place where the conversion agent for that Security is
located, such Security may be surrendered to that conversion agent on the next
succeeding day that is a Business Day.

                  The Company shall not be required to deliver certificates for
Common Shares upon conversion while its stock transfer books are closed for a
meeting of shareholders or for the payment of dividends or for any other
purpose, but certificates for Common Shares shall be delivered as soon as the
stock transfer books shall again be opened.

                  SECTION 1604. NO PAYMENT OR ADJUSTMENT FOR INTEREST OR
DIVIDENDS. Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for
Securities of such series, Securities surrendered for conversion into Common
Shares during the period from the close of business on any Regular Record Date
(or Special Record Date) next preceding any Interest Payment Date to the opening
of business on such Interest Payment Date (except Securities called for
redemption on a Redemption Date within such period) when surrendered for
conversion must be accompanied by payment (by certified or official bank check
to the order of the Company payable in clearing house funds at the location
where the Securities are surrendered) of an amount equal to the interest thereon
which the Holder is entitled to receive on such Interest Payment Date. Payment
of interest shall be made, on such Interest Payment Date or such other payment
date (as set forth in Section 307), as the case may be, to the Holder of the
Securities as of such Regular Record Date or Special Record Date, as applicable.
Except where Securities surrendered for conversion must be accompanied by
payment as described above, no interest on converted Securities will be payable
by the Company on any Interest Payment Date subsequent to the date of
conversion. No other payment or adjustment for interest or dividends is to be
made upon conversion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon conversion of any
Original Issue Discount Security, the fixed number of Common Shares into which
such Security is convertible delivered by the Company to the Holder thereof
shall be applied, first, to the portion attributable to the accrued original
issue discount relating to the period from the date of issuance to the date of
conversion of such Security, and, second, to the portion attributable to the
balance of the principal amount of such Security.

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<PAGE>

                  SECTION 1605. ADJUSTMENT OF CONVERSION PRICE. Unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of such series, the
conversion price for Securities convertible into Common Shares shall be adjusted
from time to time as follows:

                  (a) In case the Company shall (x) pay a dividend or make a
         distribution on Common Shares in Common Shares, (y) subdivide the
         outstanding Common Shares into a greater number of shares or (z)
         combine the outstanding Common Shares into a smaller number of shares,
         the conversion price for the Securities of such series shall be
         adjusted so that the Holder of any such Security thereafter surrendered
         for conversion shall be entitled to receive the number of Common Shares
         which he would have owned or have been entitled to receive after the
         happening of any of the events described above had such Security been
         converted immediately prior to the record date in the case of a
         dividend or the effective date in the case of subdivision or
         combination. An adjustment made pursuant to this subsection (a) shall
         become effective immediately after the record date in the case of a
         dividend, except as provided in subsection (h) below, and shall become
         effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a
         subdivision or combination.

                  (b) In case the Company shall issue rights or warrants to all
         holders of Common Shares entitling them (for a period expiring within
         45 days after the record date mentioned below) to subscribe for or
         purchase Common Shares at a price per share less than the current
         market price per share of Common Shares (as defined for purposes of
         this subsection (b) in subsection (e) below), at the record date for
         the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such rights or
         warrants, the conversion price in effect immediately prior thereto
         shall be adjusted so that the same shall equal the price determined by
         multiplying the conversion price in effect immediately prior to the
         date of issuance of such rights or warrants by a fraction, the
         numerator of which shall be the number of Common Shares outstanding on
         the date of issuance of such rights or warrants plus the number of
         Common Shares which the aggregate offering price of the total number of
         Common Shares so offered would purchase at such current market price,
         and the denominator of which shall be the number of Common Shares
         outstanding on the date of issuance of such rights or warrants plus the
         number of additional Common Shares receivable upon exercise of such
         rights or warrants. Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever
         any such rights or warrants are issued, and shall become effective
         immediately, except as provided in subsection (h) below, after such
         record date. In determining whether any rights or warrants entitle the
         Holders of the Securities of such series to subscribe for or purchase
         Common Shares at less than such current market price, and in
         determining the aggregate offering price of such Common Shares, there
         shall be taken into account any consideration received by the Company
         for such rights or warrants plus the exercise price thereof, the value
         of such consideration or exercise price, as the case may be, if other
         than cash, to be determined by the Board of Directors.

                  (c) In case the Company shall distribute to all holders of
         Common Shares any shares of capital stock of the Company (other than
         Common Shares) or evidences of its indebtedness or assets (excluding
         cash dividends or distributions paid from retained earnings of the
         Company) or rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any of its
         securities (excluding those rights or warrants referred to in
         subsection (b) above) (any of the foregoing being herein in this
         subsection (c) called the "Special Securities"), then, in

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<PAGE>

         each such case, unless the Company elects to reserve such Special
         Securities for distribution to the Holders of Securities of such series
         upon the conversion so that any such Holder converting such Securities
         will receive upon such conversion, in addition to the Common Shares to
         which such Holder is entitled, the amount and kind of Special
         Securities which such Holder would have received if such Holder had,
         immediately prior to the record date for the distribution of the
         Special Securities, converted Securities into Common Shares, the
         conversion price shall be adjusted so that the same shall equal the
         price determined by multiplying the conversion price in effect
         immediately prior to the date of such distribution by a fraction the
         numerator of which shall be the current market price per share (as
         defined for purposes of this subsection (c) in subsection (e) below) of
         Common Shares on the record date mentioned above less the then fair
         market value (as determined by the Board of Directors, whose
         determination shall, if made in good faith, be conclusive) of the
         portion of the Special Securities so distributed applicable to one
         Common Share, and the denominator of which shall be the current market
         price per Common Shares (as defined in subsection (e) below); PROVIDED,
         HOWEVER, that in the event the then fair market value (as so
         determined) of the portion of the Special Securities so distributed
         applicable to one Common Shares is equal to or greater than the current
         market price per Common Shares (as defined in subsection (e) below) on
         the record date mentioned above, in lieu of the foregoing adjustment,
         adequate provision shall be made so that each Holder of Securities of
         such series shall have the right to receive the amount and kind of
         Special Securities such holder would have received had he converted
         such Securities immediately prior to the record date for the
         distribution of the Special Securities. Such adjustment shall become
         effective immediately, except as provided in subsection (h) below,
         after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to
         receive such distribution.

                  (d) If, pursuant to subsection (b) or (c) above, the number of
         Common Shares shall have been adjusted because the Company has declared
         a dividend, or made a distribution, on the outstanding Common Shares in
         the form of any right or warrant to purchase securities of the Company,
         or the Company has issued any such right or warrant, then, upon the
         expiration of any such unexercised right or unexercised warrant, the
         conversion price shall forthwith be adjusted to equal the conversion
         price that would have applied had such right or warrant never been
         declared, distributed or issued.

                  (e) For the purpose of any computation under subsection (b)
         above, the current market price per Common Share on any date shall be
         deemed to be the average of the reported last sales prices for the
         thirty consecutive Trading Days (as defined below) commencing
         forty-five Trading Days before the date in question. For the purpose of
         any computation under subsection (c) above, the current market price
         per Common Share on any date shall be deemed to be the average of the
         reported last sales prices for the ten consecutive Trading Days before
         the date in question. The reported last sales price for each day
         (whether for purposes of subsection (b) or subsection (c)) shall be the
         reported last sales price, regular way, or, in case no sale takes place
         on such day, the average of the reported closing bid and asked prices,
         regular way, in either case as reported on the New York Shares Exchange
         Composite Tape or, if the Common Shares are not listed or admitted to
         trading on the New York Shares Exchange, on the principal national
         securities exchange on which the Common Shares are listed or admitted
         to trading or, if

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<PAGE>

         not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange,
         on the National Market System of the National Association of Securities
         Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotations System (NASDAQ") or, if the Common
         Shares are not quoted on such National Market System, the average of
         the closing bid and asked prices on such day in the over-the-counter
         market as reported by NASDAQ or, if bid and asked prices for the Common
         Shares on each such day shall not have been reported through NASDAQ,
         the average of the bid and asked prices for such day as furnished by
         any New York Shares Exchange member firm regularly making a market in
         the Common Shares selected for such purpose by the Board of Directors
         or a committee thereof or, if no such quotations are available, the
         fair market value of the Common Shares as determined by a New York
         Shares Exchange Member firm regularly making a market in the Common
         Shares selected for such purpose by the Board of Directors or a
         committee thereof or, if no such quotations are available, the fair
         market value of the Common Shares as determined by a New York Shares
         Exchange member firm regularly making a market in the Common Shares
         selected for such purpose by the Board of Directors or a committee
         thereof. As used herein, the term "Trading Day" with respect to the
         Common Shares means (x) if the Common Shares are listed or admitted for
         trading on the New York Shares Exchange or another national securities
         exchange, a day on which the New York Stock Exchange or such other
         national securities exchange is open for business or (y) if the Common
         Shares are quoted on the National Market System of the NASDAQ, a day on
         which trades may be made on such National Market System or (z)
         otherwise, any day other than a Saturday or Sunday or a day on which
         banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or
         obligated by law or executive order to close.

                  (f) No adjustment in the conversion price shall be required
         unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at
         least 1% in such price; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that any adjustments which
         by reason of this subsection (f) are not required to be made shall be
         carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment;
         and, PROVIDED, FURTHER, that adjustment shall be required and made in
         accordance with the provisions of this Article Sixteen (other than this
         subsection (f)) not later than such time as may be required in order to
         preserve the tax free nature of a distribution to the holders of Common
         Shares. All calculations under this Article Sixteen shall be made to
         the nearest cent or to the nearest 1/100 of a share, as the case may
         be, with one-half cent and 1/200 of a share, respectively, being
         rounded upward. Anything in this Section 1605 to the contrary
         notwithstanding, the Company shall be entitled to make such reductions
         in the conversion price, in addition to those required by this Section
         1605, as it in its discretion shall determine to be advisable in order
         that any stock dividend, subdivision of shares, distribution of rights
         or warrants to purchase stock or securities, or distribution of other
         assets (other than cash dividends) hereafter made by the Company to its
         shareholders shall not be taxable.

                  (g) Whenever the conversion price is adjusted, as herein
         provided, the Company shall promptly file with the Trustee, at the
         corporate trust office of the Trustee, and with the office or agency
         maintained by the Company for the conversion of Securities of such
         series pursuant to Section 1002, an Officers' Certificate, setting
         forth the conversion price after such adjustment and setting forth a
         brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment, which
         certificate shall be conclusive evidence of the

                                       77
<PAGE>

         correctness of such adjustment. Neither the Trustee nor any conversion
         agent shall be under any duty or responsibility with respect to any
         such certificate or any facts or computations set forth therein, except
         to exhibit said certificate from time to time to any Holder of a
         Security of such series desiring to inspect the same. The Company shall
         promptly cause a notice setting forth the adjusted conversion price to
         be mailed to the Holders of Securities of such series, as their names
         and addresses appear upon the Security Register of the Company.

                  (h) In any case in which this Section 1605 provides that an
         adjustment shall become effective immediately after a record date for
         an event, the Company may defer until the occurrence of such event (y)
         issuing to the Holder of any Security of such series converted after
         such record date and before the occurrence of such event the additional
         Common Shares issuable upon such conversion by reason of the adjustment
         required by such event over and above the Common Shares issuable upon
         such conversion before giving effect to such adjustment and (z) paying
         to such holder any amount in cash in lieu of any fractional Common
         Shares pursuant to Section 1606 hereof.

                  SECTION 1606. NO FRACTIONAL SHARES TO BE ISSUED. No fractional
Common Shares shall be issued upon any conversion of Securities. If more than
one Security of any series shall be surrendered for conversion at one time by
the same Holder, the number of full shares which shall be issuable upon
conversion thereof shall be computed on the basis of the aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of such series (or specified portions thereof to the
extent permitted hereby) so surrendered. Instead of a fraction of a share of
Common Stock which would otherwise be issuable upon conversion of any Security
or Securities (or specified portions thereof), the Company shall pay a cash
adjustment (computed to the nearest cent, with one-half cent being rounded
upward) in respect of such fraction of a share in an amount equal to the same
fractional interest of the reported last sales price (as defined in Section
1605(e)) of the Common Shares on the Trading Day (as defined in Section 1605(e))
next preceding the day of conversion.

                  SECTION 1607. PRESERVATION OF CONVERSION RIGHTS UPON
CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE OR CONVEYANCE. In case of any consolidation of the
Company with, or merger of the Company into, any other corporation (other than a
consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing corporation), or
in the case of any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of
the Company, the corporation formed by such consolidation or the corporation
into which the Company shall have been merged or the corporation which shall
have acquired such assets, as the case may be, shall execute and deliver to the
Trustee, a supplemental indenture, in accordance with the provisions of Articles
Eight and Nine as they relate to supplemental indentures, providing that the
Holder of each Security then Outstanding of a series which was convertible into
Common Shares shall have the right thereafter to convert such Security into the
kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities and property, including
cash, receivable upon such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer by a holder
of the number of Common Shares of the Company into which such Securities might
have been converted immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale or
transfer. Such supplemental indenture shall conform to the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act as then in effect and shall provide for adjustments which
shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided
for in this Article Sixteen. Neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall
have any liability or responsibility for determining the correctness of any
provision

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<PAGE>

contained in any such supplemental indenture relating either to the kind or
amount of shares of stock or other securities or property receivable by Holders
of the Securities upon the conversion of their Securities after any such
consolidation, merger, sale or transfer, or to any adjustment to be made with
respect thereto and, subject to the provisions of Section 313 of the Trust
Indenture Act, may accept as conclusive evidence of the correctness of any such
provisions, and shall be protected in relying upon, an Officers' Certificate
with respect thereto and an Opinion of Counsel with respect to legal matters
related thereto. If in the case of any such consolidation, merger, sale or
transfer, the stock or other securities and property receivable by a Holder of
the Securities includes stock or other securities and property of a corporation
other than the successor or purchasing corporation, then such supplemental
indenture shall also be executed by such other corporation and shall contain
such additional provisions to protect the interests of the Holders of the
Securities as the Board of Directors shall reasonably consider necessary. The
above provisions of this Section 1607 shall similarly apply to successive
consolidations, mergers, sales or transfers.

                  SECTION 1608. NOTICE TO HOLDERS OF THE SECURITIES OF A SERIES
PRIOR TO TAKING CERTAIN TYPES OF ACTION. With respect to the Securities of any
series, in case:

                  (a) the Company shall authorize the issuance to all holders of
         Common Shares of rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase shares
         of its capital stock or of any other right;

                  (b) the Company shall authorize the distribution to all
         holders of Common Shares of evidences of indebtedness or assets (except
         for cash dividends or distributions paid from retained earnings of the
         Company);

                  (c) of any subdivision or combination of Common Shares or of
         any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party and for
         which approval by the shareholders of the Company is required, or of
         the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the
         Company; or

                  (d) of the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation
         or winding up of the Company;

then the Company shall cause to be filed with the Trustee and at the office or
agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of Securities of such series
pursuant to Section 1002, and shall cause to be mailed to the Holders of
Securities of such series, at their last addresses as they shall appear on the
Security Register of the Company, at least ten days prior to the applicable
record date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (i) the date as of which the
holders of Common Shares to be entitled to receive any such rights, warrants or
distribution are to be determined, or (ii) the date on which any such
subdivision, combination, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, dissolution,
liquidation, winding up or other action is expected to become effective, and the
date as of which it is expected that holders of record of Common Shares shall be
entitled to exchange their Common Shares for securities or other property, if
any, deliverable upon such subdivision, combination,

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<PAGE>

consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, dissolution, liquidation, winding up or
other action. The failure to give the notice required by this Section 1608 or
any defect therein shall not affect the legality or validity of any
distribution, right, warrant, subdivision, combination, consolidation, merger,
sale, transfer, dissolution, liquidation, winding up or other action, or the
vote upon any of the foregoing. Such notice shall also be published by and at
the expense of the Company not later than the aforesaid filing date at least
once in an Authorized Newspaper.

                  SECTION 1609. COVENANTS TO RESERVE SHARES FOR ISSUANCE ON
CONVERSION OF SECURITIES. The Company covenants that at all times it will
reserve and keep available out of each class of its authorized Common Shares,
free from preemptive rights, solely for the purpose of issue upon conversion of
Securities of any series as herein provided, such number of Common Shares as
shall then be issuable upon the conversion of all Outstanding Securities of such
series. The Company covenants that all Common Shares which shall be so issuable
shall, when issued or delivered, be duly and validly issued Common Shares into
which Securities of such series are convertible, and shall be fully paid and
nonassessable, free of all liens and charges and not subject to preemptive
rights and that, upon conversion, the appropriate capital stock accounts of the
Company will be duly credited.

                  SECTION 1610. COMPLIANCE WITH GOVERNMENTAL REQUIREMENTS. The
Company covenants that if any Common Shares required to be reserved for purposes
of conversion of Securities hereunder require registration or listing with or
approval of any governmental authority under any Federal or State law, pursuant
to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, or any national or regional securities exchange on which the
Common Shares are listed at the time of delivery of any Common Shares, before
such shares may be issued upon conversion, the Company will use its best efforts
to cause such shares to be duly registered, listed or approved, as the case may
be.

                  SECTION 1611. PAYMENT OF TAXES UPON CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES
ISSUED UPON CONVERSION. The issuance of certificates for Common Shares upon the
conversion of Securities shall be made without charge to the converting Holders
for any tax (including, without limitation, all documentary and stamp taxes) in
respect of the issuance and delivery of such certificates, and such certificates
shall be issued in the respective names of, or in such names as may be directed
by, the holders of the Securities converted; provided, however, that the Company
shall not be required to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any
transfer involved in the issuance and delivery of any such certificate in a name
other than that of the Holder of the Security converted, and the Company shall
not be required to issue or deliver such certificate unless or until the Person
or Persons requesting the issuance thereof shall have paid to the Company the
amount of such tax or shall have established to the satisfaction of the Company
that such tax has been paid.

                  SECTION 1612. TRUSTEE'S DUTIES WITH RESPECT TO CONVERSION
PROVISIONS. The Trustee and any conversion agent shall have no duty,
responsibility or liability to any Holder to determine whether any facts exist
which may require any adjustment of the conversion rate, or with respect to the
nature or extent of any such adjustment when made, or with respect to the method
employed, or herein or in any supplemental indenture provided to be employed, in
making the same. Neither the Trustee nor any conversion

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<PAGE>

agent shall be accountable with respect to the registration under securities
laws, listing, validity or value (or the kind or amount) of any Common Shares,
or of any other securities or property, which may at any time be issued or
delivered upon the conversion of any Security, and neither the Trustee nor any
conversion agent makes any representation with respect thereto. Neither the
Trustee nor any conversion agent shall be responsible for any failure of the
Company to make any cash payment or to issue, transfer or deliver any shares of
stock or stock certificates or other securities or property upon the surrender
of any Security for the purpose of conversion; and the Trustee and any
conversion agent, subject to the provisions of Section 313 of the Trust
Indenture Act, shall not be responsible for any failure of the Company to comply
with any of the covenants of the Company contained in this Article Sixteen.

                  SECTION 1613. CONVERSION OF SECURITIES INTO PREFERRED STOCK.
Notwithstanding any thing to the contrary in this Article Sixteen, the Company
may issue Securities that are convertible into Preferred Shares, including
Preferred Shares convertible into Common Shares, in which case all terms and
conditions relating to the conversion of Securities into Preferred Shares,
including any terms similar to those provided in Sections 1601 through 1612,
shall be as provided in or pursuant to an appropriate Board Resolution or in any
indenture supplemental hereto or as otherwise contemplated by Section 301.

                                   ARTICLE 17

                           SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

                  SECTION 1701. SECURITIES SUBORDINATED TO SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.
The Company covenants and agrees, and each Holder of Securities, by his
acceptance thereof, likewise covenants and agrees, that the indebtedness
represented by the Securities and the payment of the principal of (and premium,
if any) and interest and any Additional Amounts payable in respect of each and
all of the Securities is hereby expressly subordinated, to the extent and in the
manner hereinafter set forth, in right of payment to the prior payment in full
of Senior Indebtedness.

                  In the event (a) of any distribution of assets of the Company
upon any dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization of the Company
whether in bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or receivership proceeding or
upon an assignment for the benefit of creditors or any other marshalling of the
assets and liabilities of the Company or otherwise, except a distribution in
connection with a merger or consolidation or a conveyance or transfer of all or
substantially all of the properties of the Company which complies with the
requirements of Article Eight, or (b) that a default shall have occurred and be
continuing with respect to the payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or
interest on or any Additional Amounts payable in respect of any Senior
Indebtedness, or (c) that the principal of the Securities of any series (or in
the case of Original Issue Discount Securities, the portion of the principal
amount thereof referred to in Section 502) shall have been declared due and
payable pursuant to Section 502 and such declaration shall not have been
rescinded and annulled as provided in Section 502, then:

                  (1) in a circumstance described in the foregoing clause (a) or
         (b) the holders of all Senior Indebtedness, and in the circumstance
         described in the foregoing clause (c) the holders of all Senior
         Indebtedness (other than Other Obligations) outstanding at the time the
         principal of such Securities (or in the case of Original Issue Discount
         Securities, such portion of the principal amount) shall have been so
         declared due and payable, shall first be entitled to receive payment of
         the full amount due thereon in respect of principal,

                                       81
<PAGE>

         premium (if any), Interest and Additional Amounts, or provision shall
         be made for such payment in money or money's worth, before the Holders
         of any of the Securities are entitled to receive any payment on account
         of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on or any
         Additional Amounts in respect of the indebtedness evidenced by the
         Securities;

                  (2) any payment by, or distribution of assets of, the Company
         of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities
         (other than securities of the Company as reorganized or readjusted or
         securities of the Company or any other corporation provided for by a
         plan of reorganization or readjustment the payment of which is
         subordinate, at least to the extent provided in this Article with
         respect to the securities, to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness,
         provided that the rights of the holders of the Senior Indebtedness are
         not altered by such reorganization or readjustment), to which the
         Holders of any of the Securities would be entitled except for the
         provisions of this Article shall be paid or delivered by the person
         making such payment or distribution, whether a trustee in bankruptcy, a
         receiver or liquidating trustee or otherwise, directly to the holders
         of such Senior Indebtedness or their representative or representatives
         or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture under which any
         instrument evidencing any of such Senior Indebtedness may have been
         issued, ratably according to the aggregate amounts remaining unpaid on
         account of such Senior Indebtedness held or represented by each, to the
         extent necessary to make payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness
         remaining unpaid after giving effect to any concurrent payment or
         distribution (or provision therefor) to the holders of such Senior
         Indebtedness, before any payment or distribution is made to the Holders
         of the indebtedness evidenced by the Securities under this Indenture;
         and

                  (3) in the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any
         payment by, or distribution of assets of, the Company of any kind or
         character, whether in cash, property or securities (other than
         securities of the Company as reorganized or readjusted or securities of
         the Company or any other corporation provided for by a plan of
         reorganization or readjustment the payment of which is subordinate, at
         least to the extent provided in this Article with respect to the
         Securities, to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness, provided that
         the rights of the holders of Senior Indebtedness are not altered by
         such reorganization or readjustment), shall be received by the Holders
         of any of the Securities before all Senior Indebtedness is paid in
         full, such payment or distribution shall be paid over to the holders of
         such Senior Indebtedness is paid in full, such payment or distribution
         shall be paid over to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness or their
         representative or representatives or to the trustee or trustees under
         any indenture under which any instruments evidencing any of such Senior
         Indebtedness may have been issued, ratably as aforesaid, for
         application to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid
         until all such Senior Indebtedness shall have been paid in full, after
         giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution (or provision
         therefor) to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness.

                  SECTION 1702. SUBROGATION. Subject to the payment in full of
         all Senior Indebtedness to which the indebtedness evidenced by the
         Securities is in the circumstances subordinated as provided in Section
         1701, the Holders of the Securities shall be subrogated to the rights
         of the holders of such Senior Indebtedness to receive payments or
         distributions of cash,

                                       82
<PAGE>

         property or securities of the Company applicable to such Senior
         Indebtedness until all amounts owing on the Securities shall be paid in
         full, and, as between the Company, its creditors other than holders of
         such Senior Indebtedness, and the Holders of the Securities, no such
         payment or distribution made to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness
         by virtue of this Article which otherwise would have been made to the
         Holders of the Securities shall be deemed to be a payment by the
         Company on account of such Senior Indebtedness, it being understood
         that the provisions of this Article are and are intended solely for the
         purpose of defining the relative rights of the Holders of the
         Securities, on the one hand, and the holders of Senior Indebtedness.

                  SECTION 1703. OBLIGATION OF THE COMPANY UNCONDITIONAL. Nothing
contained in this Article or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities is
intended to or shall impair, as between the Company, its creditors other than
the holders of Senior Indebtedness, and the Holders of the Securities, the
obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay to the
Holders of the Securities the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on
and any Additional Amounts in respect of the Securities as and when the same
shall become due and payable in accordance with their terms, or is intended to
or shall affect the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities and
creditors of the Company other than the holders of Senior Indebtedness nor shall
anything herein or therein prevent the Trustee or the Holder of any Security
from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default
under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article of the
holders of Senior Indebtedness in respect of cash, property or securities of the
Company received upon the exercise of any such remedy.

                  Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company
referred to in this Article, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities shall
be entitled to rely upon any order or decree made by any court of competent
jurisdiction in which any such dissolution, winding up, liquidation or
reorganization proceeding affecting the affairs of the Company is pending or
upon a certificate of the trustee in bankruptcy, receiver, assignee for the
benefit of creditors, liquidating trustee or agent or other person making any
payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders of the
Securities, for the purpose of ascertaining the persons entitled to participate
in such payment or distribution, the holders of the Senior Indebtedness and
other indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the
amount paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to
this Article.

                  SECTION 1704. PAYMENTS ON SECURITIES PERMITTED. Nothing
contained in this Article or elsewhere in this Indenture, or in any of the
Securities, shall affect the obligation of the Company to make, or prevent the
Company from making, payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
interest on or any Additional Amounts in respect of the Securities in accordance
with the provisions hereof and thereof, except as otherwise provided in this
Article.

                  SECTION 1705. EFFECTUATION OF SUBORDINATION BY TRUSTEE. Each
Holder of Securities, by his acceptance thereof, authorizes and directs the
Trustee in his behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to
effectuate the subordination provided in this Article and appoints the Trustee
his attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes.

                  SECTION 1706. KNOWLEDGE OF TRUSTEE. Notwithstanding the
provisions of this Article or any other provisions of this Indenture, the
Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any

                                       83
<PAGE>

fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Indebtedness and shall not be charged
with knowledge of the existence of any facts which would prohibit the making of
any payment of moneys to or by the Trustee, or the taking of any other action by
the Trustee, unless and until the Trustee shall have received written notice
thereof from the Company, any Holder of Securities, any paying or conversion
agent of the Company or the holder or representative of any class of Senior
Indebtedness; provided, however, that if the Trustee shall not have received the
notice provided for in this Section at least 3 Business Days prior to the date
upon which, by the terms hereof, any money may become payable for any purpose
(including, without limitation, the payment of the principal of (or premium, if
any) or interest on, or Additional Amounts in respect of, any Security) then,
anything herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall
have all power and authority to receive such money and to apply the same to the
purpose for which such money was received and shall not be affected by any
notice to the contrary which may be received by it during or after such 3
Business Day period.

                  SECTION 1707. TRUSTEE MAY HOLD SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS. The
Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to all the rights set forth
in this Article with respect to any Senior Indebtedness at the time held by it,
to the same extent as any other holder of Senior Indebtedness, and nothing in
Section 313 of the Trust Indenture Act or elsewhere in this Indenture shall
deprive the Trustee of any of its rights as such holder.

                  Nothing in this Article shall subordinate any claims of, or
payments to, the Trustee (under or pursuant to Section 606) to Senior
Indebtedness.

                  SECTION 1708. RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS NOT
IMPAIRED. No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Indebtedness to
enforce the subordination herein shall at any time or in any way be prejudiced
or impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any
non-compliance by the Company with the terms, provisions and covenants of this
Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof any such holder may have or be
otherwise charged with.

                                   * * * * *

                  This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts,
each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such
counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same Indenture.

                                       84
<PAGE>

                  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this
Indenture to be duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be
hereunto affixed and attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

                                           DEVELOPERS DIVERSIFIED
                                           REALTY CORPORATION

                                           By  /s/ Bert L. Wolstein
                                               Bert L. Wolstein, Chairman
        Attest:

        /s/ Joan U. Allgood
        Title:  Secretary                  CHEMICAL BANK, as Trustee

                                           By /s/ T.C. Monahan
        [SEAL]

        Attest:

        /s/ Glenn G. McKeene
        Title:  Assistant Secretary

                                       85
<PAGE>

STATE OF OHIO              )
                           ) ss:
COUNTY OF OHIO             )

                  On the 1st day of August , 1994, before me personally came
Bert L. Wolstein , to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say
that he/she resides at Pepper Pike, Ohio, that he/she is Chairman of DEVELOPERS
DIVERSIFIED REALTY CORPORATION, one of the corporations described in and which
executed the foregoing instrument and that he/she signed his/her name thereto by
authority of the Board of Directors of said corporation.

            [Notarial Seal]
                                             /s/ Elizabeth A. Berry
                                             Notary Public
                                             COMMISSION EXPIRES

STATE OF NEW YORK          )
                           ) ss:
COUNTY OF NEW YORK         )

                  On the 1st day of August, 1994, before me personally came T.C.
Monahan, to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that
he/she resides at 20-12 42nd Ave, Bayside, NY 11361, that he/she is Asst. Vice
President of CHEMICAL BANK, one of the corporations described in and which
executed the foregoing instrument and that he/she signed his/her name thereto by
authority of the Board of Directors of said corporation.

            [Notarial Seal]
                                             /s/ James Foley
                                             Notary Public
                                             COMMISSION EXPIRES

                                       86
<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT A
                             FORMS OF CERTIFICATION

                                   EXHIBIT A-1

               FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY PERSON ENTITLED
                TO RECEIVE BEARER SECURITY OR TO OBTAIN INTEREST
                       PAYABLE PRIOR TO THE EXCHANGE DATE

                                   CERTIFICATE

[Insert title or sufficient description of Securities to be delivered]

                  This is to certify that, as of the date hereof, and except as
set forth below, the above-captioned Securities held by you for our account (i)
are owned by person(s) that are not citizens or residents of the United States,
domestic partnerships, domestic corporations or any estate or trust the income
of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its
source ("United States person(s)"), (ii) are owned by United States person(s)
that are (a) foreign branches of United States financial institutions (financial
institutions, as defined in United States Treasury Regulations Section
2.165-12(c)(1)(v) are herein referred to as "financial institutions") purchasing
for their own account or for resale, or (b) United States person(s) who acquired
the Securities through foreign branches of United States financial institutions
and who hold the Securities through such United States financial institutions on
the date hereof (and in either case (a) or (b), each such United States
financial institution hereby agrees, on its own behalf or through its agent,
that you may advise Developers Diversified Realty Corporation or its agent that
such financial institution will comply with the requirements of Section
165(j)(3)(A), (B) or (C) of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended, and the regulations thereunder), or (iii) are owned by United States or
foreign financial institution(s) for purposes of resale during the restricted
period (as defined in United States Treasury Regulations Section
1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(D)(7)), and, in addition, if the owner is a United States or
foreign financial institution described in clause (iii) above (whether or not
also described in clause (i) or (ii)), this is to further certify that such
financial institution has not acquired the Securities for purposes of resale
directly or indirectly to a United States person or to a person within the
United States or its possessions.

                  As used herein, "United States" means the United States of
America (including the States and the District of Columbia); and its
"possessions" include Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American
Samoa, Wake Island and the Northern Mariana Islands.

                  We undertake to advise you promptly by tested telex on or
prior to the date on which you intend to submit your certification relating to
the above-captioned Securities held by you for our account in accordance with
your Operating Procedures if any applicable statement herein is not correct on
such date, and in the absence of any such notification it may be assumed that
this certification applies as of such date.

                                      A-1

                                       87
<PAGE>

                  This certificate excepts and does not relate to [U.S.$]___ of
such interest in the above-captioned Securities in respect of which we are not
able to certify and as to which we understand an exchange for an interest in a
Permanent Global Security or an exchange for and delivery of definitive
Securities (or, if relevant, collection of any interest) cannot be made until we
do so certify.

                  We understand that this certificate may be required in
connection with certain tax legislation in the United States. If administrative
or legal proceedings are commenced or threatened in connection with which this
certificate is or would be relevant, we irrevocably authorize you to produce
this certificate or a copy thereof to any interested party in such proceedings.

Dated:                   , 19
       ------------------    --
[To be dated no earlier than the 15th day prior
to (i) the Exchange Date or (ii) the relevant
Interest Payment Date occurring prior to the
Exchange Date, as applicable]
                                                  [Name of Person Making
                                                  Certification]

                                                  -----------------------------
                                                  (Authorized Signator)
                                                  Name:
                                                  Title:

                                      A-2
<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT A-2

                  FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY EUROCLEAR
                AND CEDEL S.A. IN CONNECTION WITH THE EXCHANGE OF
                 A PORTION OF A TEMPORARY GLOBAL SECURITY OR TO
               OBTAIN INTEREST PAYABLE PRIOR TO THE EXCHANGE DATE
                                   CERTIFICATE

[Insert title or sufficient description of Securities to be delivered]

                  This is to certify that, based solely on written
certifications that we have received in writing, by tested telex or by
electronic transmission from each of the persons appearing in our records as
persons entitled to a portion of the principal amount set forth below (our
"Member Organizations") substantially in the form attached hereto, as of the
date hereof, [U.S.$] principal amount of the above-captioned Securities (i) is
owned by person(s) that are not citizens or residents of the United States,
domestic partnerships, domestic corporations or any estate or trust the income
of which is subject to United States Federal income taxation regardless of its
source ("United States person(s)"), (ii) is owned by United States person(s)
that are (a) foreign branches of United States financial institutions (financial
institutions, as defined in U.S. Treasury Regulations Section 1.165-12(c)(1)(v)
are herein referred to as "financial institutions") purchasing for their own
account or for resale, or (b) United States person(s) who acquired the
Securities through foreign branches of United States financial institutions and
who hold the Securities through such United States financial institutions on the
date hereof (and in either case (a) or (b), each such financial institution has
agreed, on its own behalf or through its agent, that we may advise Developers
Diversified Realty Corporation or its agent that such financial institution will
comply with the requirements of Section 165(j)(3)(A), (B) or (C) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations thereunder), or (iii) is
owned by United States or foreign financial institution(s) for purposes of
resale during the restricted period (as defined in United States Treasury
Regulations Section 1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(D)(7)), and, to the further effect, that
financial institutions described in clause (iii) above (whether or not also
described in clause (i) or (ii)) have certified that they have not acquired the
Securities for purposes of resale directly or indirectly to a United States
person or to a person within the United States or its possessions.

                  As used herein, "United States" means the United States of
America (including the States and the District of Columbia); and its
"possessions" include Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American
Samoa, Wake Island and the Northern Mariana Islands.

                  We further certify that (i) we are not making available
herewith for exchange (or, if relevant, collection of any interest) any portion
of the temporary global Security representing the above-captioned Securities
excepted in the above referenced certificates of Member Organizations and (ii)
as of the date hereof we have not received any notification from any of our
Member Organizations to the effect that the statements made by such Member
Organizations

                                      A-3

P
with respect to any portion of the part submitted herewith for exchange (or, if
relevant, collection of any interest) are no longer true and cannot be relied
upon as of the date hereof.

                  We understand that this certification is required in
connection with certain tax legislation in the United States. If administrative
or legal proceedings are commenced or threatened in connection with which this
certificate is or would be relevant, we irrevocably authorize you to produce
this certificate or a copy thereof to any interested party in such proceedings.

Dated:               19
       -------------   --
[To be dated no earlier than the Exchange Date or the relevant Interest Payment
Date occurring prior to the Exchange Date, as applicable]

                                       [Morgan Guaranty Trust
                                        Company of New York,
                                        Brussels Office,] as
                                        Operator of the Euroclear
                                        System [Cedel S.A.]

                                        By
                                           --------------------

                                      A-4
<PAGE>
with respect to any portion of the part submitted herewith for exchange (or, if
relevant, collection of any interest) are no longer true and cannot be relied
upon as of the date hereof.

     We understand that this certification is required in connection with
certain tax legislation in the United States. If administrative or legal
proceedings are commenced or threatened in connection with which this
certificate is or would be relevant, we irrevocably authorize you to produce
this certificate or a copy thereof to any interested party in such proceedings.

Dated: ___________ 19__
[To be dated no earlier than the Exchange Date
or the relevant Interest Payment Date occurring
prior to the Exchange Date, as applicable]

                                                 [Morgan Guaranty Trust
                                                  Company of New York,
                                                  Brussels Office,] as
                                                  Operator of the
                                                  Euroclear System
                                                  [Cedel S.A.]

                                                 By __________________________

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