Document:

akba-ex1063_589.htm

Exhibit 10.63

 

Certain identified information has been marked in the exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would likely cause competitive harm to the Company, if publicly disclosed. Double asterisks denote omissions.

 

EXECUTION VERSION

GUARANTY AND SECURITY AGREEMENT

Dated as of November 25, 2019

by

AKEBIA THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(as Borrower),

KERYX BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(as a Guarantor)

and

Each OTHER Grantor
From Time to Time Party Hereto

in favor of

BIOPHARMA CREDIT PLC

(as Collateral Agent on behalf of Lenders and the other Secured Parties)

 

 

 

GUARANTY AND SECURITY AGREEMENT, dated as of November 25, 2019, by AKEBIA THERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (“Borrower”), KERYX BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware corporation (as a Guarantor) and each other Person that becomes a party hereto pursuant to Section 8.6 (together with Borrower and such Guarantors, “Grantors”), in favor of BIOPHARMA CREDIT PLC, a public limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales (as the “Collateral Agent”) on behalf of Lenders and each other Secured Party.

W I T N E S S E T H:

WHEREAS, pursuant to the Loan Agreement dated as of November 11, 2019 (as the same may be amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Loan Agreement”) by and among Borrower, the Collateral Agent and the other parties thereto, Lenders agrees to make extensions of credit to Borrower upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein;

WHEREAS, each Grantor other than Borrower agrees to guaranty, jointly and severally, the Obligations (as defined in the Loan Agreement) of Borrower;

WHEREAS, each Grantor will derive substantial direct and indirect benefits from the making of the extensions of credit under the Loan Agreement; and

WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the obligation of Lenders to extend credit to Borrower under the Loan Agreement that the Grantors shall have executed and delivered this Agreement to the Collateral Agent and each Lender for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual premises herein contained and for valuable consideration the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged and to induce the Collateral Agent, Lenders and the Credit Parties to enter into the Loan Agreement and to induce each Lender to make extensions of credit to Borrower thereunder, each Grantor hereby agrees with the Collateral Agent, each intending to be legally bound, as follows:

Article I

DEFINED TERMS

Section 1.1.Definitions.  Capitalized terms used herein without definition are used as defined in the Loan Agreement. 

(a)The following terms have the meanings given to them in the Code and terms used herein without definition that are defined in the Code have the meanings given to them in the Code (such meanings to be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined):  “account”, “account debtor”, “as-extracted collateral”, “certificated security”, “chattel paper”, “check”, “commercial tort claim”, “commodity account”, “commodity contract”, “documents”, “deposit account”, “electronic chattel paper”, “encumbrance”, “entitlement holder”, “equipment”, “farm products”, “financial asset”, “fixture”, “general intangible”, “goods”, “health-care-insurance receivable”, “instruments”, “inventory”, “investment property”, “letter of credit”, “letter-of-credit right”, “money”, “proceeds”, “promissory note”, “record”, “securities account”, “security”, “security entitlement”, “supporting obligation”, “tangible chattel paper” and “uncertificated security”. 

(b)The following terms shall have the following meanings:

“Agreement” means this Guaranty and Security Agreement, as it may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

“Applicable IP Office” means the United States Patent and Trademark Office or the United States Copyright Office, as the context dictates.

 

 

“Collateral” has the meaning specified in Section 3.1.

“Excluded Property” means, collectively:

(i)any “intent to use” United States Trademark applications for which a statement of use or an amendment to allege use has not been filed (but only until such statement is filed) solely to the extent, if any, that, and only during the period, if any, in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent to use Trademark applications under applicable federal law;

(ii)any permit, lease, license, contract, instrument or other agreement held by any Grantor with respect to which, the grant to the Collateral Agent, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, of a security interest therein and Lien thereupon, and the pledge to the Collateral Agent, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, thereof, to secure the Obligations (and any guaranty thereof) are validly prohibited by the terms thereof, but only, in each case, to the extent, and for so long as, such prohibition is not terminated or rendered unenforceable or otherwise deemed ineffective by the Code (including Sections 9-406(d), 9-407(a), 9-408(a) and 9-409 of the Code) or by any applicable Requirements of Law;

(iii)any permit, lease, license, contract, instrument or other agreement held by any Grantor with respect to which, the grant to the Collateral Agent, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, of a security interest in and Lien thereupon, and the pledge to the Collateral Agent, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, thereof, to secure the Obligations (and any guaranty thereof) require the consent, approval or waiver of any Governmental Authority or other third party (other than Borrower or an Affiliate of Borrower) and such consent, approval or waiver has not been obtained by such Grantor or Borrower following their respective commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the same;

(iv)any other asset or property subject or purported to be subject to a Lien under any Collateral Document held by any Grantor with respect to which, the grant to the Collateral Agent, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, of a security interest in and Lien thereupon, and the pledge to the Collateral Agent, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, thereof, to secure the Obligations (and any guaranty thereof) require the consent, approval or waiver of any Governmental Authority or other third party (other than Borrower or an Affiliate of Borrower) and such consent, approval or waiver has not been obtained by such Grantor or Borrower following their respective commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the same;

(v)any property or asset subject or purported to be subject to a Lien under any Collateral Document held by any Grantor that is a non-Wholly-Owned Subsidiary with respect to which, the grant to the Collateral Agent, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, of a security interest therein and Lien thereupon, and the pledge to the Collateral Agent, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, thereof, to secure the Obligations (and any guaranty thereof) are validly prohibited by, or would give any third party (other than Borrower or an Affiliate of Borrower) the right to terminate its obligations under, the Operating Documents of, the joint venture agreement or shareholder agreement with respect to, or any other contract with such third party relating to such non-Wholly-Owned Subsidiary (other than customary non-assignment provisions which are ineffective under Article 9 of the Code or other Requirements of Law), but only, in each case, to the extent, and for so long as such Operating Documents, joint venture agreement, shareholder agreement or other contract is in effect;

(vi)any asset or property subject or purported to be subject to a Lien under any Collateral Document held by any Grantor with respect to which, the cost, difficulty, burden or consequences (including adverse Tax consequences) of granting the Collateral Agent, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, a security interest therein and Lien thereupon, and pledging to the Collateral Agent, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, thereof, to secure the Obligations (and any guaranty thereof) are excessive relative to the value to be afforded to Secured Parties thereby;

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(vii)any rights under any Federal or state governmental license, permit, franchise or authorization to the extent that the granting of a security interest therein is specifically prohibited or restricted by any Requirements of Law;

(viii)any asset or property subject to a Permitted Lien to the extent the documents governing such Permitted Lien or the Permitted Indebtedness secured thereby prohibit other Liens on such assets or property;

(ix)Vehicles;

(x)any non-U.S. Intellectual Property;

(xi)Excluded Equity Interests;

(xii)any assets of any Foreign Subsidiary, CFC Holdco or any direct or indirect Subsidiary of a Foreign Subsidiary or CFC Holdco;

(xiii)Excluded Accounts (including, without limitation, [**]);

(xiv)any Trademarks or Copyrights of the term “Akebia”; and

(xv)Other Assets;

provided, however, that “Excluded Property” shall not include any proceeds, products, substitutions or replacements of Excluded Property (unless such proceeds, products, substitutions or replacements would otherwise constitute Excluded Property).

“Fraudulent Transfer Laws” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.

“Guaranteed Obligations” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1.

“Guarantor” means each Grantor other than Borrower.

“Guaranty” means the guaranty of the Guaranteed Obligations made by Guarantors as set forth in this Agreement.

“IP License” means all express and implied grants or rights to make, have made, use, sell, reproduce, distribute, modify, or otherwise exploit any Intellectual Property, as well as all covenants not to sue and co-existence agreements (and all related IP Ancillary Rights), whether written or oral, relating to any Intellectual Property.

“Maximum Guaranteed Amount” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.

“NDA” means a new drug application filed with the FDA pursuant to Section 505(b) of the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, along with all supplements and amendments thereto.

“Other Assets” means, collectively, any and all United States Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights and other Intellectual Property and directly related rights owned or at any time hereafter acquired by Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries that, in each case is not required or necessary to own, license, develop, commercialize or otherwise fully exploit the market potential of the Product in the Territory, including, without limitation, [**] but excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, and not constituting “Other Assets” [**] (y) subject to the terms of the Loan Agreement with respect to the accounts described in Section 5.5 of the Loan Agreement, any proceeds, rents or profits of or in respect of any of the [**] which such proceeds, rents or profits shall, as promptly as reasonably practicable and solely as required under the Loan Agreement with respect to the accounts described in Section 5.5 of the Loan Agreement, be paid, remitted, transferred or otherwise deposited and held in Collateral Accounts subject to a Control Agreement or other appropriate instrument in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties (in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent).

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“Pledged Certificated Stock” means all of the Equity Interests (other than Excluded Equity Interests) of any Subsidiary evidenced by a certificate, instrument or other similar document (as defined in the Code), in each case owned by any Grantor, including a Grantor’s right, title and interest resulting from its ownership of any such Equity Interests as a limited or general partner in any partnership that has issued Pledged Certificated Stock or as a member of any limited liability company that has issued Pledged Certificated Stock, and a Grantor’s right, title and interest resulting from its ownership of any such Equity Interests in, to and under any Operating Document or shareholder agreement of any corporation, partnership or limited liability company to which it is a party, and any distribution of property made on, in respect of or in exchange for the foregoing from time to time, including all certificated Equity Interests listed on Schedule 1 of the Security Disclosure Letter.  “Pledged Certificated Stock” includes, for the avoidance of doubt, any Pledged Uncertificated Stock that subsequently becomes certificated.

“Pledged Collateral” means, collectively, the Pledged Stock and the Pledged Debt Instruments.

“Pledged Debt Instruments” means all right, title and interest of any Grantor in instruments evidencing any Indebtedness owed to such Grantor or other obligations owed to such Grantor, and any distribution of property made on, in respect of or in exchange for the foregoing from time to time, including all Indebtedness described on Schedule 3 of the Security Disclosure Letter, issued by the obligors named therein.  “Pledged Debt Instruments” excludes any Excluded Property.

“Pledged Investment Property” means any investment property of any Grantor, and any distribution of property made on, in respect of or in exchange for the foregoing from time to time, other than any Pledged Stock or Pledged Debt Instruments.  “Pledged Investment Property” excludes any Excluded Property.

“Pledged Stock” means all Pledged Certificated Stock and all Pledged Uncertificated Stock.

“Pledged Uncertificated Stock” means all of the Equity Interests (other than Excluded Equity Interests) of any Subsidiary that is not Pledged Certificated Stock, in each case owned by any Grantor, including Grantor’s right, title and interest resulting from its ownership of any such Equity Interests as a limited or general partner in any partnership not constituting Pledged Certificated Stock or as a member of any limited liability company not constituting Pledged Certificated Stock, a Grantor’s right, title and interest resulting from its ownership of any such Equity Interests in, to and under any Operating Document or shareholder agreement of any partnership or limited liability company to which it is a party, and any distribution of property made on, in respect of or in exchange for the foregoing from time to time, including in each case those interests set forth on Schedule 1 of the Security Disclosure Letter, to the extent such interests are not certificated.

“Secured Obligations” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2.

“Security Disclosure Letter” means the security agreement disclosure letter, dated as of the date hereof, delivered by the Grantors to the Collateral Agent and each Lender.

“Vehicles” means rolling stock, motor vehicles, vessels, aircraft and other assets subject to certificates of title.

 

Section 1.2.Certain Other Terms. 

(a)For the purposes of and as used in this Agreement: (i) references to any Person include its successors and assigns and, in the case of any Governmental Authority, any Person succeeding to its functions and capacities; (ii) each authorization herein shall be deemed irrevocable and coupled with an interest; and (iii) where the context requires, provisions relating to any Collateral when used in relation to a Grantor shall refer to such Grantor’s Collateral or any relevant part thereof. 

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(b)Other Interpretive Provisions.

(i)Defined Terms.  Unless otherwise specified herein or therein, all terms defined in this Agreement shall have the defined meanings when used in any certificate or other document made or delivered pursuant hereto.

(ii)This Agreement.  The words “hereof”, “herein”, “hereunder” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement.

(iii)Certain Common Terms.  The words “include”, “included” and “including” are not limiting and mean “including without limitation.”  The word “or” has the inclusive meaning represented by the phrase “and/or”.  The word “shall” is mandatory.  The word “may” is permissive.  The singular includes the plural and the plural includes the singular.

(iv)Performance; Time.  Whenever any performance obligation hereunder (other than a payment obligation) shall be stated to be due or required to be satisfied on a day other than a Business Day, such performance shall be made or satisfied on the next succeeding Business Day.  In the computation of periods of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word “from” means “from and including”; the words “to” and “until” each mean “to but excluding”, and the word “through” means “to and including.”  If any provision of this Agreement refers to any action taken or to be taken by any Person, or which such Person is prohibited from taking, such provision shall be interpreted to encompass any and all means, direct or indirect, of taking, or not taking, such action.

(v)Contracts.  Except as the context otherwise requires (including to the extent otherwise expressly provided herein), references to any contract, agreement, instrument or other document, including this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, shall be deemed to include any and all amendments, supplements or modifications thereto or restatements or substitutions thereof, in each case which are in effect from time to time, but only to the extent such amendments, supplements, modifications, restatements or substitutions are not prohibited by the terms of any Loan Document.

(vi)Laws.  Except as the context otherwise requires (including to the extent otherwise expressly provided herein), references to any law, statute, treaty, order, policy, rule or regulation include any amendments, supplements and successors thereto, and references to any law, statute, treaty, order, policy, rule or regulation are to be construed as including all statutory and regulatory provisions related thereto or consolidating, amending, replacing, supplementing or interpreting such law, statute, treaty, order, policy, rule or regulation.

(vii)Excluded Property.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the representations, warranties and covenants set forth herein in relation to the assets of the Grantors shall not apply to any Excluded Property.

Article II

GUARANTY

Section 2.1.Guaranty.  To induce Lenders to make the Term Loans to Borrower in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Loan Agreement, each Guarantor, jointly and severally with each other Guarantor, absolutely, unconditionally and irrevocably guarantees, as primary obligor and not merely as surety, the full and punctual payment when due, whether at stated maturity or earlier, by reason of acceleration, mandatory prepayment or otherwise in accordance with any Loan Document, of all the Obligations of Borrower existing on the date hereof or hereinafter incurred or created (the “Guaranteed Obligations”).  This Guaranty by each Guarantor hereunder constitutes a guaranty of payment and not of collection.  Each Guarantor hereby acknowledges and agrees that the Guaranteed Obligations, at any time and from time to time, may exceed the Maximum Guaranteed Amount of such Guarantor and may exceed the aggregate of the Maximum Guaranteed Amounts of all Guarantors, in each case without discharging, limiting or otherwise affecting the obligations of any Guarantor hereunder or the rights, powers and remedies of any Secured Party hereunder or under any other Loan Document. 

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Section 2.2.Limitation of Guaranty.  Any term or provision of this Guaranty or any other Loan Document to the contrary notwithstanding, the maximum aggregate amount for which any Guarantor shall be liable hereunder (the “Maximum Guaranteed Amount”) shall not exceed the maximum amount for which such Guarantor can be liable without rendering this Guaranty or any other Loan Document, as it relates to such Guarantor, subject to avoidance under applicable Requirements of Law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer (including the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act and Section 548 of title 11 of the United States Code or any applicable provisions of comparable Requirements of Law) (collectively, “Fraudulent Transfer Laws”).  Any analysis of the provisions of this Guaranty for purposes of Fraudulent Transfer Laws shall take into account the right of contribution established in Section 2.7 below and, for purposes of such analysis, give effect to any discharge of intercompany debt as a result of any payment made under the Guaranty. 

Section 2.3.Authorization; Other Agreements.  The Collateral Agent, on behalf of Lenders and the other Secured Parties is hereby authorized, without notice, to or demand upon any Guarantor and without discharging or otherwise affecting the obligations of any Guarantor hereunder and without incurring any liability hereunder, from time to time, to do each of the following but subject in all cases to the terms and conditions of the other Loan Documents: 

(a) (i) modify, amend, supplement or otherwise change, (ii) accelerate or otherwise change the time of payment or (iii) waive or otherwise consent to noncompliance with, any Guaranteed Obligation or any Loan Document;

(b)apply to the Guaranteed Obligations any sums by whomever paid or however realized to any Guaranteed Obligation in such order as provided in the Loan Documents;

(c)refund at any time any payment received by any Secured Party in respect of any Guaranteed Obligation;

(d)(i) sell, exchange, enforce, waive, substitute, liquidate, terminate, release, abandon, fail to perfect, subordinate, accept, substitute, surrender, exchange, affect, impair or otherwise alter or release any Collateral for any Guaranteed Obligation or any other guaranty therefor in any manner, (ii) receive, take and hold additional Collateral to secure any Guaranteed Obligation, (iii) add, release or substitute any one or more other Guarantors, makers or endorsers of any Guaranteed Obligation or any part thereof and (iv) otherwise deal in any manner with Borrower or any other Guarantor, maker or endorser of any Guaranteed Obligation or any part thereof; and

(e)settle, release, compromise, collect or otherwise liquidate the Guaranteed Obligations.

Section 2.4.Guaranty Absolute and Unconditional.  Each Guarantor hereby waives and agrees not to assert any defense (other than the defense of payment in full of the Guaranteed Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations)), whether arising in connection with or in respect of any of the following clauses (a) through (f) or otherwise, and hereby agrees that its obligations under this Guaranty are irrevocable, absolute and unconditional and shall not be discharged as a result of or otherwise affected by any of the following clauses (a) through (f) (which may not be pleaded and evidence of which may not be introduced in any proceeding with respect to this Guaranty, in each case except as otherwise agreed in writing by Lender): 

(a)the invalidity or unenforceability of any obligation of Borrower or any other Guarantor under any Loan Document or any other agreement or instrument relating thereto (including any amendment, consent or waiver thereto), or any security for, or other guaranty of, any Guaranteed Obligation or any part thereof, or the lack of perfection or continuing perfection or failure of priority of any security for the Guaranteed Obligations or any part thereof; 

(b)the absence of (i) any attempt to collect any Guaranteed Obligation or any part thereof from Borrower or any other Guarantor or other action to enforce the same or (ii) any action to enforce any Loan Document or any Lien thereunder;

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(c)the failure by any Person to take any steps to perfect and maintain any Lien on, or to preserve any rights with respect to, any Collateral;

(d)any workout, insolvency, bankruptcy proceeding, reorganization, arrangement, liquidation or dissolution by or against Borrower, any other Guarantor or any of Borrower’s other Subsidiaries or any procedure, agreement, order, stipulation, election, action or omission thereunder, including any discharge or disallowance of, or bar or stay against collecting, any Guaranteed Obligation (or any interest thereon) in or as a result of any such proceeding;

(e)any foreclosure, whether or not through judicial sale, and any other sale or other disposition of any Collateral or any election following the occurrence of an Event of Default and during the continuance thereof by the Collateral Agent, on behalf of Lenders and any other Secured Party, to proceed separately against any Collateral in accordance with the Collateral Agent’s rights and the rights of any Lender or other Secured Party under any applicable Requirements of Law; or

(f)any other defense, setoff, counterclaim or any other circumstance that might otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge of Borrower, any other Guarantor or any other Subsidiary of Borrower, in each case other than the defense of payment in full of the Guaranteed Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations).

Section 2.5.Waivers.  To the fullest extent permitted by Requirements of Law, each Guarantor hereby unconditionally and irrevocably waives and agrees not to assert any claim, defense (other than the defense of payment in full of the Guaranteed Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations)), setoff or counterclaim based on diligence, promptness, presentment, requirements for any demand or notice hereunder, including any of the following:  (a) any demand for payment or performance and protest and notice of protest; (b) any notice of acceptance; (c) any presentment, demand, protest or further notice or other requirements of any kind with respect to any Guaranteed Obligation (including any accrued but unpaid interest thereon) becoming immediately due and payable; and (d) any other notice in respect of any Guaranteed Obligation or any part thereof, and any defense arising by reason of any disability or other defense of Borrower or any other Guarantor.  Until the payment in full of the Guaranteed Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations), each Guarantor further unconditionally and irrevocably agrees, to the fullest extent permitted by Requirements of Law, not to (x) enforce or otherwise exercise any right of subrogation or any right of reimbursement or contribution or similar right against Borrower or any other Guarantor by reason of any Loan Document or any payment made thereunder or (y) assert any claim, defense, setoff or counterclaim it may have against any other Credit Party or set off any of its obligations to such other Credit Party against obligations of such Credit Party to such Guarantor.  No obligation of any Guarantor hereunder shall be discharged other than by complete performance. 

Section 2.6.Reliance.  Each Guarantor hereby assumes responsibility for keeping itself informed of the financial condition of Borrower, each other Guarantor and any other guarantor, maker or endorser of any Guaranteed Obligation or any part thereof, and of all other circumstances bearing upon the risk of nonpayment of any Guaranteed Obligation or any part thereof that reasonable and diligent inquiry would reveal, and each Guarantor hereby agrees that neither the Collateral Agent nor any Lender or other Secured Party shall have any duty to advise any Guarantor of information known to it regarding such condition or any such circumstances.  In the event the Collateral Agent, in its sole discretion, undertakes at any time or from time to time to provide any such information to any Guarantor, such Person shall be under no obligation to (a) undertake any investigation not a part of its regular business routine, (b) disclose any information that any Lender or other Secured Party, pursuant to accepted or reasonable commercial finance or banking practices, wishes to maintain confidential or (c) make any future disclosures of such information or any other information to any Guarantor. 

Section 2.7.Contribution.  To the extent that any Guarantor shall be required hereunder to pay any portion of any Guaranteed Obligation exceeding the greater of (a) the amount of the value actually received by such Guarantor and its Subsidiaries from the Term Loans and other Obligations and (b) the amount such Guarantor would otherwise have paid if such Guarantor had paid the aggregate amount of the Guaranteed Obligations (excluding the amount thereof repaid by Borrower) in the same proportion as such Guarantor’s net worth on the date enforcement is sought hereunder bears to the aggregate net worth of all Guarantors on such date, then such Guarantor shall be reimbursed by such other Guarantors for the amount of such excess, pro rata, based on the respective net worth of such other Guarantors on such date. 

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Article III

GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST

Section 3.1.Collateral.  For the purposes of this Agreement, the following tangible and intangible assets and property now owned or at any time hereafter acquired, developed or created by a Grantor or in which a Grantor now has or at any time in the future may acquire any right, title or interest, in each case, wherever located, is collectively referred to as the “Collateral”:

(a)all agreements [**] to which a Grantor is a party and the rights of such Grantor thereunder relating to the research, development, manufacture, production, use, commercialization, marketing, importing, storage, transport, offer for sale, distribution or sale of the Product in the United States;

(b)all of a Grantor’s right, title and interest in, to and under any NDA relating to the sale and marketing of the Product in the United States;

(c)any and all United States Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights and other Intellectual Property and IP Licenses (including any IP Licenses under the Current Company IP Agreements to which a Grantor is a party and the rights of such Grantor thereunder, and all of a Grantor’s right, title and interest in, to and under any Internet Domain Names and Software) owned by a Grantor, in each case, relating to the research, development, manufacture, production, use, commercialization, marketing, importing, storage, transport, offer for sale, distribution or sale of the Product in the Territory;

(d)all Pledged Stock;

(e)any and all Collateral Accounts located in the United States;

(f)all books, records, ledger cards, files, correspondence, customer lists, blueprints, technical specifications, manuals, computer software, computer printouts, tapes, disks and other electronic storage media and related data processing software and similar items that at any time pertain to or evidence or contain information specifically relating to any of the other property described in this Section 3.1; 

(g)all proceeds, products, accessions, rents and profits of or in respect of any of the foregoing; and

(h)any proceeds, rents or profits of or in respect of any of the [**] (which such shall be paid, remitted, transferred or otherwise deposited and held in Collateral Accounts subject to a Control Agreement or other appropriate instrument in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties (in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent);

in each case, excluding, however, all Excluded Property.  

Section 3.2.Grant of Security Interest in Collateral.  Without limiting any other security interest granted to the Collateral Agent, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, each Grantor, as collateral security for the prompt and complete payment and performance when due (whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) of the Obligations of such Grantor (the “Secured Obligations”), hereby pledges, hypothecates and grants to the Collateral Agent, in favor and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, to secure the payment and performance in full of all of the Obligations for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, a first priority Lien (subject only to Permitted Liens) on and continuing security interest in, all of its right, title and interest in, to and under the Collateral of such Grantor, wherever located, whether now owned or hereafter acquired or arising; provided, however, notwithstanding the foregoing, no Lien or security interest is hereby granted on, and “Collateral” shall not include, any Excluded Property. 

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Article IV

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES 

To induce the Collateral Agent and Lenders to enter into the Loan Documents, each Grantor, jointly and severally with each other Grantor, represents and warrants each of the following to the Collateral Agent, each Lender and the other Secured Parties as of the Closing Date:

Section 4.1.Title; No Other Liens.  Except for the Lien granted to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties pursuant to this Agreement and any other Permitted Liens under any Loan Document (including Section 4.2 hereof), such Grantor owns or otherwise has the rights it purports to have in each item of the Collateral, free and clear of any and all Liens or claims of others.  Such Grantor (a) is the record and beneficial owner of the Collateral pledged by it hereunder constituting instruments or certificates and (b) except for Permitted Subsidiary Distribution Restrictions, has rights in or the power to transfer each other item of Collateral in which a Lien is granted by it hereunder, free and clear of any other Lien other than any Permitted Liens. 

Section 4.2.Perfection and Priority.  Other than in respect of money and other Collateral subject to Section 9-311(a)(1) of the Code, the security interest granted to the Collateral Agent pursuant to this Agreement constitutes a valid and continuing first priority security interest (subject, in the case of priority only, to Permitted Liens that are expressly permitted (if at all) by the terms of the Loan Agreement or this Agreement to, or that by operation of law, have superior priority to the Lien and security interest granted to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties) in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties in all Collateral, subject, for the following Collateral, to the occurrence of the following:  (a) in the case of all Collateral in which a security interest may be perfected by filing a financing statement under the Code, the completion of the filings and other actions specified on Schedule 2 of the Security Disclosure Letter (which, in the case of all filings and other documents referred to on such schedule, have been duly authorized by the applicable Guarantor); (b) with respect to any account over which a Control Agreement is required pursuant to Section 5.5 of the Loan Agreement, the execution of Control Agreements; (c) in the case of all United States Trademarks, Patents and Copyrights for which Code filings are insufficient to effectuate perfection, all appropriate filings having been made with the Applicable IP Office, as applicable; (d) in the case of all Pledged Certificated Stock, Pledged Debt Instruments and Pledged Investment Property, the delivery thereof to the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, of such Pledged Certificated Stock, Pledged Debt Instruments and Pledged Investment Property consisting of instruments and certificates, in each case, properly endorsed for transfer to the Collateral Agent or in blank; (e) in the case of Pledged Uncertificated Stock, the delivery to the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders and the other Secured Parties, of an executed uncertificated stock control agreement among the issuer, the registered owner and the Collateral Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent; and (f) in the case of all other instruments that are not Pledged Stock, if any, the delivery thereof to the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, of such instruments.  Such Lien on and security interest in Pledged Stock shall be prior to all other Liens on such Collateral, subject to Permitted Liens having priority over the Collateral Agent’s Lien by operation of law or as and to the extent expressly permitted (if at all) by any Loan Document.  Except to the extent expressly not required pursuant to the terms of the Loan Agreement or this Agreement, all actions by each Grantor necessary to protect and perfect the Lien on and security interest in the Collateral granted hereunder have been duly taken. 

Section 4.3.Pledged Stock. 

(a)The Pledged Stock issued by any Subsidiary of any Grantor pledged by such Grantor hereunder (i) consist of the number and types of Equity Interests listed on Schedule 1 of the Security Disclosure Letter and constitutes that percentage of the issued and outstanding equity of all classes of each issuer thereof as set forth on Schedule 1 of the Security Disclosure Letter, (ii) has been duly authorized, validly issued and is fully paid and nonassessable (other than Pledged Stock in limited liability companies and partnerships), and (ii) constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the obligor with respect thereto, enforceable in accordance with its terms.  As of the date any Joinder Agreement or Pledge Amendment is delivered pursuant to Section 8.6, the Pledged Stock pledged by each applicable Grantor thereunder (x) is listed on the applicable schedule attached to such Joinder Agreement or Pledge Amendment, as applicable, and constitutes that percentage of the issued and outstanding equity of all classes of each issuer thereof as set forth on such schedule, (y) has been duly authorized, validly issued and is fully paid and non-assessable (other than Pledged Stock in limited liability companies and partnerships) and (z) constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the obligor with respect thereto, enforceable in accordance with its terms. 

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(b) (i) All Pledged Certificated Stock has been delivered to the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, in accordance with Section 5.2(a), and (ii) with respect to Pledged Uncertificated Stock, uncertificated stock control agreements, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent, have been delivered to the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, in accordance with Section 5.2(a).

(c)Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties shall be entitled to exercise all of the rights of the Grantor granting the security interest in any Pledged Stock, and a transferee or assignee of such Pledged Stock shall become a holder of such Pledged Stock to the same extent as such Grantor and, upon the transfer of the entire interest of such Grantor, such Grantor shall, by operation of law, cease to be a holder of such Pledged Stock.

Article V

COVENANTS

Each Grantor agrees with the Collateral Agent to the following, until the payment in full of the Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations) and unless the Collateral Agent, on behalf of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, otherwise consents in writing:

Section 5.1.Maintenance of Perfected Security Interest; Further Documentation and Consents. 

(a)Subject to the occurrence of the actions described in Section 4.2, which each Grantor shall promptly undertake, and except to the extent perfection is either (i) mutually agreed between Borrower and the Collateral Agent not to be required under this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or (ii) mutually agreed between Borrower and the Collateral Agent to be effected by filings of financing statements or amendments thereto to be made by the Collateral Agent or any Lender or its Related Party pursuant to Section 7.2, such Grantor shall maintain the security interest created by this Agreement as a perfected security interest having at least the priority described in Section 4.2 and shall warrant and defend the Collateral covered by such security interest and such priority against the claims and demands of all Persons (other than Secured Parties). 

(b)Such Grantor shall furnish to the Collateral Agent at any time and from time to time statements and schedules further identifying and describing the Collateral and such other documents in connection with the Collateral as the Collateral Agent may reasonably request in writing, which requests shall be made no more frequently than once per calendar year or at any time or from time to time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, in all cases in reasonable detail and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent.

(c)At any time and from time to time, upon the written request of the Collateral Agent, such Grantor shall, for the purpose of obtaining or preserving the full benefits of this Agreement and the other Collateral Documents and of the rights and powers herein and therein granted, (i) promptly and duly execute and deliver, and have recorded, such further documents, including an authorization to file (or, as applicable, the filing) of any financing statement or amendment under the Code (or other filings under similar Requirements of Law) in effect in any jurisdiction with respect to the security interest created hereby and (ii) take such further action as the Collateral Agent may reasonably request in writing that is consistent with the requirements hereof and of the other Loan Documents, including executing and delivering any Control Agreements required by Section 5.5 of the Loan Agreement with respect to the Collateral Accounts.

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Section 5.2.Pledged Collateral. 

(a)Delivery of Pledged Collateral.  Such Grantor shall, promptly but in any event within [**] after acquiring any Pledged Collateral not owned on the Closing Date: (i) deliver to the Collateral Agent, in suitable form for transfer and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent, (A) all such Pledged Stock that is Pledged Certificated Stock, (B) all Pledged Debt Instruments and (C) all certificates and instruments evidencing Pledged Investment Property; (ii) subject all Collateral Accounts required to be subject to a Control Agreement pursuant to the Loan Agreement to a Control Agreement; and (iii) cause the issuer of any such Pledged Stock with is Pledged Uncertificated Stock to execute an uncertificated stock control agreement among such issuer, such Grantor and the Collateral Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent, pursuant to which, inter alia, such issuer agrees to comply with the Collateral Agent’s instructions with respect to such Pledged Uncertificated Stock without further consent by such Grantor and, for the avoidance of doubt, if any such Pledged Uncertificated Stock becomes certificated, within [**] thereof deliver to the Collateral Agent, in suitable form for transfer and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent, all such certificates, instruments or other similar documents (as defined in the Code).  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Credit Parties (x) shall have until the date that is [**] following the Tranche A Closing Date to comply with the provisions of this Section 5.2(a) with regards to Pledged Certificated Stock of the Credit Parties in existence on the Tranche A Closing Date, and (y) shall have until the date that is [**] following the Tranche A Closing Date to comply with the provisions of this Section 5.2(a) with regards to Pledged Uncertificated Stock of the Credit Parties in existence on the Tranche A Closing Date.

(b)Event of Default.  During the continuance of any Event of Default and in connection with the exercise of rights or remedies hereunder or under any other Loan Document, the Collateral Agent shall have the right, at any time in its discretion and without prior notice to Grantor, to (i) transfer to or to register in its name or in the name of its nominees any Pledged Stock and (ii) exchange any certificate or instrument representing or evidencing any Pledged Stock for certificates or instruments of smaller or larger denominations.

(c)Cash Distributions with respect to Pledged Collateral and Pledged Investment Property.  Except as provided in Article VI and subject to any limitations set forth in the Loan Agreement, such Grantor shall be entitled to receive all cash distributions paid in respect of the Pledged Collateral and the Pledged Investment Property.

(d)Voting Rights.  Except as provided in Article VI, such Grantor shall be entitled to exercise all voting, consent and corporate, partnership, limited liability company and similar rights with respect to the Pledged Collateral and Pledged Investment Property; provided, however, that no vote shall be cast, consent, waiver or ratification given or right exercised (or failed to be exercised) or other action taken (or failed to be taken) by such Grantor in any manner that would reasonably be expected to (i) violate or be inconsistent with any of the terms of this Agreement or any other Loan Document or (ii) have the effect of materially impairing such Collateral or the position or interests of the Secured Parties.

Section 5.3.Intellectual Property.  Such Grantor shall, promptly (and in no event later than thirty (30) days) after delivery of financial statements pursuant to Section 5.2(a) of the Loan Agreement), execute and deliver to Lender in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Lender and suitable for filing in the Applicable IP Office the short-form intellectual property security agreements in the form attached hereto as Annex 3 for all Collateral consisting of any newly-acquired Copyrights, Trademarks or Patents (as applicable) of such Grantor registered in the Applicable IP Office during the applicable reporting period. 

Article VI

REMEDIAL PROVISIONS

Section 6.1.Code and Other Remedies. 

(a)Code Remedies.  During the continuance of an Event of Default, the Collateral Agent, on behalf of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, may exercise, in addition to all other rights and remedies granted to it in this Agreement, any IP Agreement, any other Loan Document or in any other instrument or agreement securing, evidencing or relating to any Secured Obligation, all rights, powers and remedies of a secured party under the Code or any other Requirements of Law or in equity.

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(b)Disposition of Collateral.  During the continuance of an Event of Default, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Collateral Agent may (personally or through its agents or attorneys), without demand of performance or other demand, presentment, protest, advertisement or notice of any kind (except any notice required by Requirements of Law) to or upon any Grantor or any other Person (all and each of which demands, defenses, advertisements and notices are hereby waived):  (i) enter upon the premises where any Collateral is located, without any obligation to pay rent, through self-help, without judicial process, without first obtaining a final judgment or giving Grantor or any other Person notice or opportunity for a hearing on the Collateral Agent’s or any Lender’s claim or action; (ii) collect, receive, appropriate and realize upon any Collateral; (iii) store, process, repair or recondition the Collateral or otherwise prepare any Collateral for disposition in any manner to the extent the Collateral Agent deems appropriate; and (iv) sell, assign, license out, convey, transfer, grant option or options to purchase or license and deliver any Collateral (or enter into contractual obligations to do any of the foregoing), in one or more parcels at public or private sale or sales, at any exchange, broker’s board or office of the Collateral Agent or any Lender or other Secured Party or elsewhere upon such terms and conditions as it may deem advisable and at such prices as it may deem best, for cash or on credit or for future delivery without assumption of any credit risk.  The Collateral Agent, on behalf of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, shall have the right, upon any such public sale or sales and, to the extent permitted by the Code and other Requirements of Law, upon any such private sale or sales, to purchase or license the whole or any part of the Collateral so sold or licensed, free of any right or equity of redemption of any Grantor, which right or equity is hereby waived and released.  The Collateral Agent, as representative of all Lenders and other Secured Parties, shall be entitled, for the purpose of bidding and making settlement or payment of the purchase price for all or any portion of the Collateral sold at any such sale made in accordance with the Code, to use and apply any of the Secured Obligations as a credit on account of the purchase price for any Collateral payable by the Collateral Agent on behalf of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, at such sale.  If the Collateral Agent on behalf of any Lender sells any of the Collateral upon credit, Grantor will be credited only with payments actually made by purchaser and received by such Lender and applied to indebtedness of the purchaser.  In the event the purchaser fails to pay for the Collateral, the Collateral Agent may resell the Collateral and Grantor shall be credited with proceeds of the sale.  Neither the Collateral Agent nor any Lender shall have an obligation to marshal any of the Collateral.

(c)Management of the Collateral.  Each Grantor further agrees, that, during the continuance of any Event of Default, (i) at the Collateral Agent’s request, it shall assemble the Collateral and make it available to the Collateral Agent at places that the Collateral Agent shall reasonably select, whether at such Grantor’s premises or elsewhere, (ii) without limiting the foregoing, the Collateral Agent also has the right to require that such Grantor store and keep any Collateral pending further action by the Collateral Agent and, while any such Collateral is so stored or kept, provide such guards and maintenance services as shall be necessary to protect the same and to preserve and maintain such Collateral in good condition, normal wear and tear excepted, (iii) until the Collateral Agent is able to sell, assign, license out, convey or transfer any Collateral, the Collateral Agent shall have the right to hold or use such Collateral to the extent that it deems appropriate for the purpose of preserving the Collateral or its value or for any other purpose deemed appropriate by the Collateral Agent and (iv) the Collateral Agent may, if it so elects, seek the appointment of a receiver or keeper to take possession of any Collateral and to enforce any of the Collateral Agent’s or any Lender’s remedies, with respect to such appointment without prior notice or hearing as to such appointment.  The Collateral Agent shall not have any obligation to any Grantor to maintain or preserve the rights of any Grantor as against other Persons with respect to any Collateral while such Collateral is in the possession of the Collateral Agent.

(d)Application of Proceeds.  The Collateral Agent shall apply the cash proceeds received by it in respect of any sale of, any collection from, or other realization upon all or any part of the Collateral, after deducting all reasonable costs and expenses of every kind incurred in connection therewith or incidental to the care or safekeeping of any Collateral or in any way relating to the Collateral or the rights of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, including reasonable and documented out-of-pocket attorneys’ fees and disbursements, to the payment in whole or in part of the Secured Obligations, as set forth in the Loan Agreement, and only after such application and after the payment by the Collateral Agent or Lenders of any other amount required by any Requirements of Law, need the Collateral Agent or any Lender account for the surplus, if any, to any Grantor.

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(e)Direct Obligation.  Neither the Collateral Agent nor any Lender or other Secured Party shall be required to make any demand upon, or pursue or exhaust any right or remedy against, any Grantor or any other Person with respect to the payment of the Obligations or to pursue or exhaust any right or remedy with respect to any Collateral therefor or any direct or indirect guaranty thereof.  All of the rights and remedies of the Collateral Agent and Lenders and any other Secured Party shall be cumulative, may be exercised individually or concurrently and not exclusive of any other rights or remedies provided by any Requirements of Law.  To the extent it may lawfully do so, each Grantor absolutely and irrevocably waives and relinquishes the benefit and advantage of, and covenants not to assert against the Collateral Agent, Lenders or any other Secured Party, any valuation, stay, appraisement, extension, redemption or similar laws and any and all rights or defenses it may have as a surety, now or hereafter existing, arising out of the exercise by any of them of any rights or remedies hereunder.  If any notice of a proposed sale or other disposition of any Collateral shall be required by Requirements of Law, such notice shall be deemed reasonable and proper if given at least [**] before such sale or other disposition.

(f)Commercially Reasonable.  To the extent that applicable Requirements of Law impose duties on the Collateral Agent or any Lender or other Secured Party to exercise remedies in a commercially reasonable manner, each Grantor acknowledges and agrees that it is not commercially unreasonable for the Collateral Agent or any Lender to do any of the following:

(i)fail to incur significant costs, expenses or other liabilities reasonably deemed as such by the Collateral Agent or such Lender to prepare any Collateral for disposition or otherwise to complete raw material or work in process into finished goods or other finished products for disposition;

(ii)fail to obtain permits, licenses or other consents for access to any Collateral to sell or license or for the collection or sale or licensing of any Collateral, or, if not required by other Requirements of Law, fail to obtain permits, licenses or other consents for the collection or disposition of any Collateral;

(iii)fail to exercise remedies against account debtors or other Persons obligated on any Collateral or to remove Liens on any Collateral or to remove any adverse claims against any Collateral;

(iv)advertise dispositions of any Collateral through publications or media of general circulation, whether or not such Collateral is of a specialized nature, or to contact other Persons, whether or not in the same business as any Grantor, for expressions of interest in acquiring any such Collateral;

(v)exercise collection remedies against account debtors and other Persons obligated on any Collateral, directly or through the use of collection agencies or other collection specialists, hire one or more professional auctioneers to assist in the disposition of any Collateral, whether or not such Collateral is of a specialized nature, or, to the extent deemed appropriate by the Collateral Agent or such Lender, obtain the services of other brokers, investment bankers, consultants and other professionals to assist the Collateral Agent or such Lender in the collection or disposition of any Collateral, or utilize Internet sites that provide for the auction of assets of the types included in the Collateral or that have the reasonable capacity of doing so, or that match buyers and sellers of assets to dispose of any Collateral;

(vi)dispose of assets in wholesale rather than retail markets;

(vii)disclaim warranties, such as title, merchantability, possession, non-infringement or quiet enjoyment; or

(viii)purchase insurance or credit enhancements to insure the Collateral Agent or any Lender or other Secured Party against risks of loss, collection or disposition of any Collateral or to provide to the Collateral Agent and Lenders a guaranteed return from the collection or disposition of any Collateral.

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Each Grantor acknowledges that the purpose of this Section 6.1 is to provide a non-exhaustive list of actions or omissions that are commercially reasonable when exercising remedies against any Collateral and that other actions or omissions by the Collateral Agent, Lenders or any other Secured Party shall not be deemed commercially unreasonable solely on account of not being indicated in this Section 6.1.  Without limitation upon the foregoing, nothing contained in this Section 6.1 shall be construed to grant any rights to any Grantor or to impose any duties on the Collateral Agent or any Lender or other Secured Party that would not have been granted or imposed by this Agreement or by applicable Requirements of Law in the absence of this Section 6.1.

(g)IP Licenses.  To the extent permitted, and only for the purpose of enabling the Collateral Agent to exercise rights and remedies under this Section 6.1 during the continuance of an Event of Default (including in order to take possession of, collect, receive, assemble, process, appropriate, remove, realize upon, sell, assign, license out, convey, transfer or grant options to purchase any Collateral) at such time as the Collateral Agent on behalf of Lenders and the other Secured Parties shall be lawfully entitled to exercise such rights and remedies, each Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent (i) an irrevocable, nonexclusive, assignable, worldwide license (exercisable without payment of royalty or other compensation to such Grantor), including the right to sublicense, use and practice any and all Intellectual Property constituting Collateral now owned or held or hereafter acquired or held by such Grantor and access to all media in which any of the licensed items may be recorded or stored and to all Software and programs used for the compilation or printout thereof; provided that such license (A) shall not violate the express terms of any agreement between a Grantor and a third party governing the applicable Grantor’s use of such Intellectual Property in effect on the date hereof and those granted by any Grantor hereafter, as expressly permitted under the Loan Documents, to the extent conflicting, (B) may be exercised, at the option of the Collateral Agent, only upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default and (C) apply to the use of the Trademarks in connection with goods and services of similar type and quality to those heretofore sold by such Grantor under such Trademark and (ii) except to the extent, if any, expressly prohibited by any applicable contractual obligation, an irrevocable license (without payment of rent or other compensation to such Grantor) to use, operate and occupy all real property owned, operated, leased, subleased or otherwise occupied by such Grantor.

Section 6.2.Accounts and Payments in Respect of General Intangibles. 

(a)In addition to, and not in substitution for, any similar requirement in the Loan Agreement, if required by the Collateral Agent at any time during the continuance of an Event of Default, any payment of accounts or payment in respect of general intangibles included in the Collateral, when collected by any Grantor, shall be promptly (and, in any event, within two (2) Business Days of such collection) deposited by such Grantor in the exact form received, duly indorsed by such Grantor to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, in a Collateral Account, subject to withdrawal by the Collateral Agent as provided in Section 6.4.  Until so turned over, such payment shall be held by such Grantor in trust for the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, segregated from other funds of such Grantor.  Each such deposit of proceeds of accounts and payments in respect of general intangibles relating to the Collateral shall, upon the Collateral Agent’s request, be accompanied by a report identifying in reasonable detail the nature and source of the payments included in the deposit. 

(b)At any time during the continuance of an Event of Default, solely with respect to the Collateral:

(i)each Grantor shall, upon the Collateral Agent’s request, assemble and hold for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties all original and other documents evidencing, and relating to, the contractual obligations and transactions that gave rise to any account or any payment in respect of general intangibles, including all IP Licenses, original orders, invoices and shipping receipts and notify account debtors that the accounts or general intangibles have been collaterally assigned to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties and that payments in respect thereof shall be made directly to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties or to any Lender on behalf of itself and the other Secured Parties, as the Collateral Agent shall direct; and

(ii)each Grantor shall take all actions, deliver all documents and provide all information necessary or reasonably requested by the Collateral Agent to ensure any Internet Domain Name is registered.

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(c)Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, each Grantor shall remain liable under each account and each payment in respect of general intangibles included in the Collateral to observe and perform all the conditions and obligations to be observed and performed by it thereunder, all in accordance with the terms of any agreement giving rise thereto.  Neither the Collateral Agent nor any Lender or other Secured Party shall have any obligation or liability under any agreement giving rise to an account or a payment in respect of a general intangible included in the Collateral by reason of or arising out of any Loan Document or the receipt by the Collateral Agent or any Lender or other Secured Party of any payment relating thereto, nor shall the Collateral Agent nor any Lender or other Secured Party be obligated in any manner to perform any obligation of any Grantor under or pursuant to any agreement giving rise to an account or a payment in respect of a general intangible included in the Collateral, to make any payment, to make any inquiry as to the nature or the sufficiency of any payment received by it or as to the sufficiency of any performance by any party thereunder, to present or file any claim, to take any action to enforce any performance or to collect the payment of any amounts that may have been assigned to it or to which it may be entitled at any time or times.

Section 6.3.Pledged Collateral. 

(a)Voting Rights.  During the continuance of an Event of Default, upon notice by the Collateral Agent to the relevant Grantor or Grantors, the Collateral Agent or its nominee may exercise such voting and other consensual rights, including (i) the right to exercise any voting, consent, corporate and other right pertaining to the Pledged Collateral at any meeting of shareholders, partners or members, as the case may be, of the relevant issuer or issuers of Pledged Collateral or otherwise, and (ii) any right of conversion, exchange and subscription and any other right, privilege or option pertaining to the Pledged Collateral as if it were the absolute owner thereof (including the right to exchange at its discretion any Pledged Collateral upon the merger, amalgamation, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization or other fundamental change in the corporate or equivalent structure of any issuer of Pledged Collateral, the right to deposit and deliver any Pledged Collateral with any committee, depositary, transfer agent, registrar or other designated agency upon such terms and conditions as the Collateral Agent (or such nominee) on behalf of Lenders or the other Secured Parties may determine), all without liability except to account for property actually received by it; provided, however, that the Collateral Agent (or such nominee) shall have no duty to any Grantor to exercise any such right, privilege or option and shall not be responsible for any failure to do so or delay in so doing. 

(b)Proxies.  During the continuance of an Event of Default, in order to permit the Collateral Agent on behalf of Lenders and the other Secured Parties to exercise the voting and other consensual rights that it may be entitled to exercise pursuant hereto and to receive all dividends and other distributions that it may be entitled to receive hereunder, (i) each Grantor shall promptly execute and deliver (or cause to be executed and delivered) to the Collateral Agent all such proxies, dividend payment orders and other instruments as the Collateral Agent may from time to time reasonably request and (ii) without limiting the effect of clause (i) above, such Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties an irrevocable proxy to vote all or any part of the Pledged Collateral and to exercise all other rights, powers, privileges and remedies to which a holder of the Pledged Collateral would be entitled (including giving or withholding written consents of shareholders, partners or members, as the case may be, calling special meetings of shareholders, partners or members, as the case may be, and voting at such meetings), which proxy shall be effective, automatically and without the necessity of any action (including any transfer of any Pledged Collateral on the record books of the issuer thereof) by any other Person (including the issuer of such Pledged Collateral or any officer or agent thereof) during the continuance of an Event of Default and which proxy shall only terminate upon (A) the cure of any and all Events of Default or (B) the payment in full of the Secured Obligations (other than contingent indemnification obligations to the extent no claim giving rise thereto has been asserted).

(c)Authorization of Issuers.  Each Grantor hereby expressly and irrevocably authorizes and instructs, without any further instructions from such Grantor, each issuer of any Pledged Collateral pledged hereunder by such Grantor to, and each Grantor that is an issuer of Pledged Collateral so pledged hereunder hereby agrees to (i) comply with any instruction received by it from the Collateral Agent in writing that states that an Event of Default is continuing in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and each Grantor agrees that such issuer shall be fully protected from liabilities to such Grantor in so complying, and (ii) during the continuance of such Event of Default, unless otherwise permitted hereby or by the Loan Agreement, pay any dividend or make any other payment with respect to the Pledged Collateral directly to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties or to any Lender on behalf of itself and the other Secured Parties, as the Collateral Agent shall direct.

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Section 6.4.Proceeds to be Turned over to and Held by Collateral Agent.  Unless otherwise expressly provided in the Loan Agreement, this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, during the continuance of an Event of Default and, upon written notice by the Collateral Agent to the relevant Grantor or Grantors, all proceeds of any Collateral received by any Grantor hereunder in cash or Cash Equivalents shall be held by such Grantor in trust for Lenders and the other Secured Parties, segregated from other funds of such Grantor, and shall, promptly upon receipt by any Grantor, be turned over to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties in the exact form received (with any necessary endorsement).  All such proceeds of Collateral and any other proceeds of any Collateral received by the Collateral Agent in cash or Cash Equivalents shall be held by the Collateral Agent for the benefit of itself and the other Secured Parties in a Collateral Account.  All proceeds being held by the Collateral Agent in a Collateral Account (or by such Grantor in trust for Lenders and the other Secured Parties) shall continue to be held as collateral security for the Secured Obligations and shall not constitute payment thereof until applied as provided in the Loan Agreement. 

Section 6.5.Sale of Pledged Collateral. 

(a)Each Grantor recognizes that the Collateral Agent may be unable to effect a public sale of any Pledged Collateral by reason of certain prohibitions contained in the Securities Act and applicable state or foreign securities laws or otherwise or may determine that a public sale is impracticable, not desirable or not commercially reasonable and, accordingly, may resort to one or more private sales thereof to a restricted group of purchasers that shall be obliged to agree, among other things, to acquire such securities for their own account for investment and not with a view to the distribution or resale thereof.  Each Grantor acknowledges and agrees that any such private sale may result in prices and other terms less favorable than if such sale were a public sale and, notwithstanding such circumstances, agrees that any such private sale shall be deemed to have been made in a commercially reasonable manner.  The Collateral Agent shall be under no obligation to delay a sale of any Pledged Collateral for the period of time necessary to permit the issuer thereof to register such securities for public sale under the Securities Act or under applicable state securities laws even if such issuer would agree to do so. 

(b)Each Grantor agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to do or cause to be done all such other acts as may be reasonably necessary to make such sale or sales of any portion of the Pledged Collateral pursuant to Section 6.1 and this Section 6.5 valid and binding and in compliance with all applicable Requirements of Law.  Each Grantor further agrees that a breach of any covenant contained herein will cause irreparable injury to the Collateral Agent, Lenders and the other Secured Parties, that the Collateral Agent, Lenders and the other Secured Parties have no adequate remedy at law in respect of such breach and, as a consequence, that each and every covenant contained herein shall be specifically enforceable against such Grantor, and such Grantor hereby waives and agrees not to assert any defense against an action for specific performance of such covenants except for a defense that no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing under the Loan Agreement or a defense of payment in full of the Guaranteed Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations).  Each Grantor waives any and all rights of contribution or subrogation upon the sale or disposition of all or any portion of the Pledged Collateral by the Collateral Agent on behalf of Lenders and the other Secured Parties.

Section 6.6.Deficiency.  Each Grantor shall remain liable for any deficiency if the proceeds of any sale or other disposition of any Collateral are insufficient to pay the Secured Obligations and the reasonable and documented fees and disbursements of any attorney employed by the Collateral Agent or any Lender to collect such deficiency. 

Section 6.7.Collateral Accounts.  If any Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Collateral Agent may apply the balance from any Collateral Account of a Grantor or instruct the bank at which any Collateral Account is maintained to pay the balance of any Collateral Account to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties or to any Lender on behalf of itself and the other Secured Parties, as the Collateral Agent shall direct, to be applied to the Secured Obligations in accordance with the terms hereof. 

Section 6.8.Directions, Notices or Instructions.  Neither the Collateral Agent nor any Lender or any Related Party thereof or any other Secured Party shall take any action under or issue any directions, notice or instructions pursuant to any Control Agreement or similar agreement unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing. 

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Article VII

ADDITIONAL RIGHTS OF COLLATERAL AGENT

Section 7.1.Collateral Agent’s Appointment as Attorney-in-Fact.  

(a)Each Grantor hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Collateral Agent and any Related Party thereof, with full power of substitution, as its true and lawful attorney-in-fact with full irrevocable power and authority in the place and stead of such Grantor and in the name of such Grantor or in its own name, for the purpose of carrying out the terms of the Loan Documents, to take any appropriate action and to execute any document or instrument that may be necessary or desirable to accomplish the purposes of the Loan Documents, in each case during the continuance of an Event of Default, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor hereby gives the Collateral Agent and its Related Party the power and right, on behalf of such Grantor, without notice to or assent by such Grantor, to do any of the following when an Event of Default shall be continuing: 

(i)in the name of such Grantor, in its own name or otherwise, take possession of and indorse and collect any check, draft, note, acceptance or other instrument for the payment of moneys due under any account or general intangible or with respect to any other Collateral and file any claim or take any other action or proceeding in any court of law or equity or otherwise deemed appropriate by the Collateral Agent for the purpose of collecting any such moneys due under any account or general intangible or with respect to any other Collateral whenever payable;

(ii)in the case of any Intellectual Property (including any IP Ancillary Rights) or any IP Licenses included in the Collateral, execute, deliver and have recorded any document that the Collateral Agent may request to evidence, effect, publicize or record the Collateral Agent’s security interest, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, in such Intellectual Property or IP Licenses and the goodwill and general intangibles of such Grantor relating thereto or represented thereby and the Collateral Agent’s (on behalf of Lenders and the other Secured Parties) rights and remedies with respect thereto;

(iii)pay or discharge taxes and Liens levied or placed on or threatened against any Collateral, effect any repair or obtain or pay any insurance called for by the terms of the Loan Agreement (including all or any part of the premiums therefor and the costs thereof);

(iv)execute, in connection with any sale provided for in Section 6.1 or 6.5, any document to effect or otherwise necessary or appropriate in relation to evidence the sale of any Collateral; or

(v)(A) direct any party liable for any payment under any Collateral to make payment of any moneys due or to become due thereunder directly to the Collateral Agent or as the Collateral Agent shall direct, (B) ask or demand for, and collect and receive payment of and receipt for, any moneys, claims and other amounts due or to become due at any time in respect of or arising out of any Collateral, (C) commence and prosecute any suit, action or proceeding at law or in equity in any court of competent jurisdiction to collect any Collateral and to enforce any other right in respect of any Collateral, (D) defend any actions, suits, proceedings, audits, claims, demands, orders or disputes brought against such Grantor with respect to any Collateral, (E) settle, compromise or adjust any such actions, suits, proceedings, audits, claims, demands, orders or disputes and, in connection therewith, give such discharges or releases as the Collateral Agent may deem appropriate, (F) assign or license any Intellectual Property included in the Collateral on such terms and conditions and in such manner as the Collateral Agent shall in its sole discretion determine, including the execution and filing of any document necessary to effectuate or record such assignment or license and (G) generally, sell, assign, license, convey, transfer or grant a Lien on, make any contractual obligation with respect to and otherwise deal with, any Collateral as fully and completely as though the Collateral Agent on behalf of Lenders and the other Secured Parties were the absolute owner thereof for all purposes and do, at the Collateral Agent’s option, at any time or from time to time, all acts and things that the Collateral Agent deems necessary to protect, preserve or realize upon any Collateral and the Collateral Agent’s, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, security interests therein and to effect the intent of the Loan Documents, all as fully and effectively as such Grantor might do.

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(vi)If any Grantor fails to perform or comply with any contractual obligation contained herein, the Collateral Agent, at its option, but without any obligation so to do, may perform or comply, or otherwise cause performance or compliance, with such contractual obligation.

(b)The Lender Expenses incurred in connection with actions undertaken as provided in this Section 7.1 shall be payable by such Grantor to such Person in accordance with Section 2.4 of the Loan Agreement.

(c)Each Grantor hereby ratifies all that said attorneys shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue of this Section 7.1.  All powers, authorizations and agencies contained in this Agreement are coupled with an interest and are irrevocable until the payment in full of the Secured Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations), this Agreement is terminated and the security interests created hereby are released.

Section 7.2.Authorization to File Financing Statements.  Each Grantor authorizes the Collateral Agent and its Related Party, at any time and from time to time, without notice to any Grantor, to file or record financing statements, amendments thereto, and other filing or recording documents or instruments with respect to any Collateral in such form, in such jurisdictions and in such offices as the Collateral Agent reasonably determines appropriate to perfect or protect the security interests of the Collateral Agent, in favor of and for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties, under this Agreement or any other Loan Document (and the Collateral Agent’s and each Lender’s and each other Secured Party’s rights in respect thereof).  A photographic or other reproduction of this Agreement shall be sufficient as a financing statement or other filing or recording document or instrument for filing or recording in any jurisdiction.  Such Grantor also hereby ratifies its authorization for the Collateral Agent to have filed any initial financing statement or amendment thereto under the Code (or other similar laws) in effect in any jurisdiction if filed prior to the date hereof. 

Section 7.3.Authority of Collateral Agent.  Each Grantor acknowledges that, as between the Collateral Agent and the Grantors, the Collateral Agent shall be conclusively presumed to be acting as agent for each Lender and all of the other Secured Parties with full and valid authority so to act or refrain from acting, and no Grantor shall be under any obligation or entitlement to make any inquiry respecting such authority. 

Section 7.4.Duty; Obligations and Liabilities. 

(a)Duty of Collateral Agent.  The Collateral Agent’s sole duty with respect to the custody, safekeeping and physical preservation of the Collateral in its possession shall be to deal with it in the same manner as it deals with similar property for its own account.  The powers conferred on the Collateral Agent hereunder are solely to protect each Lender’s and the other Secured Parties’ interest in the Collateral and shall not impose any duty upon the Collateral Agent to exercise any such powers.  The Collateral Agent shall be accountable only for amounts that it receives as a result of the exercise of such powers, and neither it nor any of its Related Parties shall be responsible to any Grantor for any act or failure to act hereunder, except for its or their own gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct as finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction.  In addition, the Collateral Agent shall not be liable or responsible for any loss or damage to any Collateral, or for any diminution in the value thereof, by reason of the act or omission of any warehousemen, carrier, forwarding agency, consignee or other bailee if such Person has been selected by the Collateral Agent in good faith. 

(b)Obligations and Liabilities with respect to Collateral.  Neither the Collateral Agent nor Lenders or any other Secured Parties nor any of their respective Related Parties shall be liable for failure to demand, collect or realize upon any Collateral or for any delay in doing so or shall be under any obligation to sell or otherwise dispose of any Collateral upon the request of any Grantor or any other Person or to take any other action whatsoever with regard to any Collateral.

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Article VIII

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 8.1.Reinstatement.  Each Grantor agrees that, if any payment made by any Credit Party or other Person and applied to the Secured Obligations is at any time annulled, avoided, set aside, rescinded, invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential or otherwise required to be refunded or repaid, or the proceeds of any Collateral are required to be returned by any Secured Party to such Credit Party, its estate, trustee, receiver or any other party, including any Grantor, under any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause, then, to the extent of such payment or repayment, any Lien or other Collateral securing such liability shall be and remain in full force and effect, as fully as if such payment had never been made.  If, prior to any of the foregoing, (a) any Lien or other Collateral securing such Grantor’s liability hereunder shall have been released or terminated by virtue of the foregoing or (b) any provision of the Guaranty hereunder shall have been terminated, cancelled or surrendered, such Lien, other Collateral or provision shall be reinstated in full force and effect and such prior release, termination, cancellation or surrender shall not diminish, release, discharge, impair or otherwise affect the obligations of such Grantor in respect of any Lien or other Collateral securing such obligation or the amount of such payment. 

Section 8.2.Release of Collateral and Guarantee Obligations. 

(a)When all Obligations (other than unasserted inchoate indemnity obligations) have been paid in full, the Collateral shall be released from the Lien created hereby and this Agreement and all obligations (other than those expressly stated to survive such termination) of each Lender and any other Secured Party and each Guarantor and Grantor hereunder shall terminate, all without delivery of any instrument or performance of any act by any party (except as required hereunder), and all rights of the Collateral Agent, Lenders and any other Secured Parties to the Collateral shall revert to the Grantors. 

(b)In connection with any termination or release pursuant to this Section 8.2, the Collateral Agent shall, and to the extent required, each Secured Party hereby authorizes the Collateral Agent to, promptly execute and deliver to any Grantor all instruments, documents and agreements which such Grantor shall reasonably request in writing to evidence and confirm such termination or release (including termination statements under the Code), and will duly assign, transfer and deliver to such Grantor (or its designee), such of the Collateral that may be in the possession of the Collateral Agent, all without further consent or joinder of the Collateral Agent or any Lender or other Secured Party.

(c)Any termination or release pursuant to this Section 8.2 is subject to reinstatement as provided in Section 8.1.

(d)Upon the release of the Liens on any Collateral or of a Grantor from all of its obligations as a Credit Party under the Loan Agreement and as a Grantor hereunder, any representation, warranty or covenant contained in any Loan Document relating to any such Collateral or such Grantor, as applicable, shall no longer be deemed to be made.

(e)Borrower agrees to pay all Lender Expenses incurred by the Collateral Agent and each Lender and other Secured Party in connection with the taking of any actions pursuant to or as otherwise contemplated by this Section 8.2 in accordance with Section 2.4 of the Loan Agreement.

Section 8.3.Independent Obligations.  The obligations of each Grantor hereunder are independent of and separate from the Secured Obligations and the Guaranteed Obligations.  Upon any Event of Default and during the continuance thereof, the Collateral Agent for the benefit of Lenders and the other Secured Parties may, at its sole election, proceed directly and at once, without notice, against any Grantor and any Collateral to collect and recover the full amount of any Secured Obligation or Guaranteed Obligation then due, without first proceeding against any other Grantor, any other Credit Party or any other Collateral and without first joining any other Grantor or any other Credit Party in any proceeding. 

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Section 8.4.No Waiver by Course of Conduct.  Neither the Collateral Agent nor any Secured Party shall by any act (except by a written instrument pursuant to Section 8.5), delay, indulgence, omission or otherwise be deemed to have waived any right or remedy hereunder or to have acquiesced in any Default or Event of Default.  No failure to exercise, nor any delay in exercising, on the part of the Collateral Agent or any Secured Party, any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof.  No single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege hereunder shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.  A waiver by the Collateral Agent or any Secured Party of any right or remedy hereunder on any one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to any right or remedy that the Collateral Agent or any Secured Party would otherwise have on any future occasion. 

Section 8.5.Amendments in Writing.  None of the terms or provisions of this Agreement may be waived, amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except in accordance with Section 11.5 of the Loan Agreement; provided, however, that annexes to this Agreement may be supplemented (but no existing provisions may be modified and no Collateral may be released) through Pledge Amendments and Joinder Agreements, in substantially the form of Annex 1 and Annex 2 attached hereto, respectively, in each case, duly executed by the Collateral Agent and each Grantor directly affected thereby. 

Section 8.6.Additional Grantors and Guarantors; Additional Pledged Collateral. 

(a)Joinder Agreements.  If, at the option of Borrower or as required pursuant to Section 5.12 or Section 5.13 of the Loan Agreement, Borrower shall cause any Subsidiary (other than an Excluded Subsidiary) that is not a Grantor or Guarantor to become a Grantor and Guarantor hereunder, such Subsidiary shall execute and deliver to the Collateral Agent a Joinder Agreement substantially in the form of Annex 2 attached hereto and shall thereafter for all purposes be a party hereto and have the same rights, benefits and obligations as a Grantor party hereto on the Closing Date. 

(b)Pledge Amendments.  To the extent any Pledged Collateral has not been delivered as of the Closing Date, such Grantor shall, promptly after such Pledged Collateral is acquired, deliver a pledge amendment duly executed by the Grantor in substantially the form of Annex 1 attached hereto (each, a “Pledge Amendment”).  Such Grantor authorizes the Collateral Agent to attach each Pledge Amendment to this Agreement.

Section 8.7.Notices.  All notices, requests and demands to or upon the Collateral Agent or any Grantor hereunder shall be effected in the manner provided for in Section 9 of the Loan Agreement; provided, however, that any such notice, request or demand to or upon any Grantor shall be addressed to Borrower’s notice address set forth in Section 9 of the Loan Agreement. 

Section 8.8.Successors and Assigns.  This Agreement shall be binding upon the successors and assigns of each Grantor and shall inure to the benefit of the Collateral Agent and each Secured Party and their respective successors and assigns; provided, however, that no Grantor may assign, transfer or delegate any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Collateral Agent. 

Section 8.9.Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by different parties in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.  Signature pages may be detached from multiple separate counterparts and attached to a single counterpart.  Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by facsimile transmission or by electronic transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof. 

Section 8.10.Severability.  Any provision of this Agreement being held illegal, invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall not affect any part of such provision not held illegal, invalid or unenforceable, any other provision of this Agreement or any part of such provision in any other jurisdiction. 

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Section 8.11.Governing Law.  This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereto shall be governed by, and construed and interpreted in accordance with, the law of the State of New York without regard to any principle of conflicts of law that could require the application of the law of any other jurisdiction. 

Section 8.12.Waiver of Jury Trial.  TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING WITH RESPECT TO, OR DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREIN AND THEREIN OR RELATED HERETO OR THERETO (WHETHER FOUNDED IN CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY).  EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO OTHER PARTY AND NO RELATED PARTY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER, (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 8.12 AND (C) HAS REVIEWED THIS WAIVER WITH ITS COUNSEL. 

Section 8.13.EACH PARTY HERETO AGREES TO BE BOUND BY THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 10 OF THE LOAN AGREEMENT. 

[Signature Pages Follow]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has caused this Guaranty and Security Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first above written.

AKEBIA THERAPEUTICS, INC.,
as Borrower and Grantor

 

By /s/ Jason A. Amello

Name: Jason A. Amello

Title: Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

 

 

 

KERYX BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.,

as a Grantor

 

By /s/ Jason A. Amello

 

Name: Jason A. Amello

 

Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

 

Signature Page to Guaranty and Security Agreement

 

ACCEPTED AND AGREED
as of the date first above written:

BIOPHARMA CREDIT PLC,

as Collateral Agent

 

By: Pharmakon Advisors, LP,

its Investment Manager

 

By: Pharmakon Management I, LLC,

its General Partner

 

 

By /s/ Pedro Gonzalez de Cosio
Name:  Pedro Gonzalez de Cosio
Title:  Managing Member

 

Signature Page to Guaranty and Security AgreementExhibit

Exhibit 4.3
 
Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered
Under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

The following summary describes the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Tiptree Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), which are the only securities of the Company registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

The following description is a summary and does not purport to be complete. It is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to our articles of amendment and restatement, which we refer to as our “charter,” and bylaws, copies of which are filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

General

Our charter provides that we may issue up to 200,000,000 shares of common stock and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, each having a par value of $0.001 per share. Our board of directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire board and without any action on the part of our stockholders, may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue, subject to certain restrictions. Under Maryland law, our stockholders are not personally liable for our debts and obligations solely as a result of their status as stockholders.

Common Stock

All shares of our common stock have equal rights as to earnings, assets, dividends and voting and, when they are issued, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. Distributions may be paid to the holders of our common stock if, as and when authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of assets legally available therefor. Shares of our common stock generally have no preemptive, appraisal, preferential exchange, conversion or redemption rights and are freely transferable, except where their transfer is restricted by federal and state securities laws, by contract or by the restrictions in our charter described below. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each share of our common stock would be entitled to share ratably in all of our assets that are legally available for distribution after payment of or adequate provision for all of our known debts and other liabilities and subject to any preferential rights of holders of our preferred stock, if any preferred stock is outstanding at such time.

Preferred Stock

Our charter provides that our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders (unless such stockholder action is required by applicable law or NASDAQ rules), to designate and issue up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, to fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each wholly unissued series, and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereon, and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such series, but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding. Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of Tiptree or making removal of management more difficult, and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock.

We will fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of the preferred stock of each series we issue under this prospectus, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, in the articles supplementary to our charter

relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the articles supplementary to our charter
that contains the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of preferred stock being offered, including, to the extent applicable:

		
	•
	the title and stated value;

		
	•
	the number of shares we are offering;

		
	•
	the liquidation preference per share;

		
	•
	the purchase price;

		
	•
	the dividend rate, period and payment date and method of calculation for dividends;

		
	•
	whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate;

		
	•
	the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if applicable;

		
	•
	the provisions for a sinking fund, if applicable;

		
	•
	the provisions for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights;

		
	•
	any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or market;

		
	•
	whether the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock, and, if applicable, the conversion price, or how it will be calculated, and the conversion period;

		
	•
	whether the preferred stock will be exchangeable into debt securities, and, if applicable, the exchange price, or how it will be calculated, and the exchange period;

		
	•
	voting rights of the preferred stock;

		
	•
	preemptive rights, if any;

		
	•
	restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment;

		
	•
	whether interests in the preferred stock will be represented by depositary shares;

		
	•
	a discussion of material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;

		
	•
	the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs;

		
	•
	any limitations on the issuance of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and

		
	•
	any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the preferred stock.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of Maryland Law and Our Charter Documents

Maryland Statutory Requirements for Certain Transactions

The summaries of the following statutes do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, the applicable provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law.

Maryland law provides that “control shares” of a corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” will have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter under the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. Shares owned by the acquirer, by officers or by employees who are directors of the corporation are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. “Control shares” means voting shares of stock that, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: one-tenth or more but less than one-third; one-third or more but less than a majority; or a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel the board of directors of the corporation to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the meeting. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then the corporation may redeem for fair value any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved. The right of the corporation to redeem control shares is subject to certain conditions and limitations. Fair value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of the shares are considered and not approved or, if no such meeting is held, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition.

The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.

Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which such stockholder became an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities.

An interested stockholder is defined as:

		
	•
	any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, ten percent or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock; or

		
	•
	an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of ten percent or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.

After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

		
	•
	80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and

		
	•
	two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.

These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.

The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder.

Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our shares of stock. Our board of directors has also adopted a resolution which provides that any business combination between us and any other person is exempted from the provisions of the business combination statute, provided that the business combination is first approved by the board of directors. However, our board of directors may amend or eliminate this provision in our bylaws regarding the control share statute or amend or repeal this resolution regarding the business combination statute. If our board takes such action in the future, the control share and business combination statutes may prevent or discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer, including potential acquisitions that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

Charter Documents

Power to Reclassify Shares of Our Stock — Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of stock into other classes or series of stock, including preferred stock. Prior to issuance of shares of each class or series, the board of directors is required by Maryland law and by our charter to set, subject to our charter restrictions on the transfer and ownership of our stock, the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each class or series. Thus, the board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of common stock or preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interests. As of the date of the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit is a part, no shares of preferred stock are outstanding. 

Power to Issue Additional Shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock — We believe that the power of our board of directors to amend the charter from time to time without stockholder approval to increase or decrease the total number of authorized shares of our stock or the number of authorized shares of any class or series of our stock, to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to cause us to issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. The additional classes or series will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Although our board of directors has no intention at the present time of doing so, it could authorize us to issue a class or series that could, depending upon the terms of such class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control of us that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interests.

Action by Written Consent — Our charter provides that stockholders may take action without a meeting by unanimous written or electronic consent (except that any action, to the extent expressly permitted by the articles supplementary relating to one or more series of preferred stock, by the holders of such series of preferred stock, voting separately as a series, may be taken without a meeting by such class or series, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, are signed by the holders of outstanding shares of the relevant class or series having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares of such class or series entitled to vote thereon were present and voted).

Classified Board — Our charter provides that our board is classified, with respect to the terms for which directors severally hold office, into three classes. The directors elected at each annual meeting of the Company are elected to hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders held in the third year following the year of their election and until their successors are duly elected and qualify.

On December 22, 2014, we elected to be subject to Section 3-804(c) of Title 3, Subtitle 8 (the “Election”) of the Maryland General Corporation Law. As a result of the Election, the board has the exclusive right, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, to fill vacancies on the board, and any director elected by the board to fill a vacancy will hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred and until his or her successor is elected and qualifies.

Ownership Restrictions — We are subject to applicable state insurance laws and regulations as a result of our ownership of regulated insurance companies. To satisfy the requirements of applicable state insurance regulators, our charter includes provisions restricting any person that, together with its affiliates, has beneficial ownership of 9.8% or more of our voting securities from voting in excess of 9.8% of our voting securities. Our charter specifically exempts from these restrictions any capital stock beneficially owned by stockholders who acquires beneficial ownership of 9.8% or more of our capital stock that has been approved by the Pennsylvania Insurance Commissioner, the Superintendent of the New York Department of Financial Services and any other applicable state insurance commissioner.

Exclusive Forum Bylaw — The Company’s bylaws contain a forum selection provision for the adjudication of certain disputes. The bylaws provide that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division, will be the sole and exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, any action asserting a claim of breach of a duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the stockholders of the Company, any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director, officer or employee of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the Maryland General Corporation Law, the Company’s charter or the Company’s bylaws, or any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or employee of the Company that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our shares common stock is Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.

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