Document:

exh_101.htm

Exhibit 10.1

 

 

JOINT PRODUCTION AGREEMENT

THIS AGREEMENT (“Agreement”) is entered into as of the 16th day of October, 2013, by and between Premier Exhibition Management, LLC, a limited liability company organized under the laws of the State of Florida and having its principal place of business at 3340 Peachtree Road NE, Suite 900, Atlanta, Georgia 30326 (“PEM”), on the one hand, and TSX Operating Company LLC, a New York limited liability company having an address at: c/o Running Subway Productions, 70 West 40th Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10018 (“DTS”) on the other hand. Each of DTS and PEM shall be referred to as a “Party” and both as “Parties.”

WHEREAS, DTS, PEM and The Newseum, a not-for-profit corporation organized under the laws of Washington D.C., desire to develop, promote, tour and exploit a touring exhibition adapted from Newseum’s temporary exhibition, “G-Men and Journalists: Top Stories of the FBI’s First Century,” and expanded upon to focus on the central theme of “crimes of the century” (the “Exhibit”); and

WHEREAS, on May 21, 2013 the Federal Bureau of Investigations and Newseum have executed a Revised Memo of Agreement under which the Newseum agreed to develop content for the Exhibit (the “Assets”) to be toured by DTS and Arts and Exhibitions, LLC, a Florida Limited Liability Company (“AEI”); and

WHEREAS, DTS, AEI and The Newseum executed an Exhibition Touring, Service and Co-Promotion Agreement under which DTS and AEI agreed to design, book, tour, present and operate the Exhibit at museums and other appropriate venues in the United States (each location a “Tour Event”, all of the Tour Events the “Tour”); and

WHEREAS, both AEI and and PEM are wholly owned subsidiaries of Premier Exhibitions, Inc., and AEI intends to assign its rights to the Exhibition Touring, Service and Co-Promotion Agreement to PEM; and

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and agreements herein contained and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, PEM and DTS agree, as follows:

 

	
  

	
1.

	
License Rights.

(a)      Assignment. DTS hereby consents to the assignment by AEI to PEM of all of AEI’s rights and obligations under the terms of the Exhibition, Touring, Service and Co-Promotion Agreement.

 

(b)      Agreement to Produce and Operate Exhibition. PEM and DTS agree to jointly produce and operate a touring exhibition utilizing the Assets in accordance with the terms herein.

 

  

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(c) Exclusivity.   Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, (i) the rights granted to PEM under this Agreement with respect to the Exhibit and the Assets contained in such Exhibit are exclusive; and (ii) each of PEM and DTS, and their respective owners, affiliates and subsidiaries, shall not, either alone or in concert with others, directly or indirectly, either as an employee, consultant, agent, principal, partner, stockholder (except as a less than 5% stockholder of any publicly traded company), investor, corporate officer, director or in any other individual or representative capacity, engage or participate in, or authorize any other party to engage in or participate in, the promotion and/or production of any multi-venue, touring exhibition involving the FBI or otherwise directly promote or produce a multi-venue, touring show of substantially similar subject matter during the Term.   Notwithstanding the foregoing, the parties acknowledge and agree that each party operates  exhibition spaces and that either party  may, from time to time, host exhibitions at said facilities which may be competitive with or substantially similar to, the Exhibit; and the parties further acknowledge and agree that any such hosting shall not be deemed a breach or violation of this Section 1(c).

 

(d) New York Run. PEM hereby grants to DTS the rights of first negotiation and last refusal in respect of the hosting of the Exhibit in the greater New York City marketplace (namely the City of New York and all points within 75 miles of its City boundaries) during the Term hereof. As used in this subsection 1(d), the terms “rights of first negotiation and last refusal” shall mean:

 

The term “right of first negotiation” as used herein shall be defined as granting DTS the exclusive right for a period of twenty (20) calendar days to negotiate a venue hosting agreement with PEM to produce the Exhibit at DTS’ Discovery Times Square venue on 44th St., New York, New York, in the event PEM decides during the Term hereof to bring the event to the New York metropolitan area. Said 20 day period will commence on the receipt of written notice of such decision from PEM to DTS.

 

The term “right of last refusal” as used herein shall be defined as granting DTS the right to accept the same material terms and conditions that PEM has been able to negotiate with any third party (or itself) for the hosting of the Exhibition in the New York metropolitan area. DTS shall have five (5) calendar days in which to exercise in writing, its right of last refusal to accept or reject the material terms and conditions proposed between PEM and such third party (or itself). Said 5 days period shall commence on the date DTS receives written notice from PEM of the material terms and conditions that it has been offered. In all events any such proposal must reflect an arms’ length, good faith, transaction, consistent generally with industry standards for agreements between unaffiliated touring show promoters and exhibition venues. In the event that DTS fails to exercise its right of last refusal as provided for herein, PEM shall thereafter be able to enter into an agreement with any third party (or itself) on terms and conditions consistent in all material respects with those contained in such notice to DTS.

 

PEM and DTS agree to amend the Exhibition, Touring, Service and Co-Promotion Agreement to eliminate the requirement that the Exhibition be presented at DTS’ Discovery Times Square venue, to be replaced by reference to the rights of first refusal and last negotiation herein.

 

  

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2.

	
Term. The “Term” of this Agreement shall mean the period that commences upon the execution and delivery of this Agreement by all parties and ends upon the closing of the last of the Tour Events (i.e., when the Tour comes to an end), or a Force Majeure event in accordance with the provisions of Section 11 or other termination in accordance with Section 10; provided however that the Term shall in all events expire five (5) years from the date of the opening of the first Tour Event or on such other date upon which the Parties shall mutually agree in writing.

 

	
  

	
3.

	
The Exhibit.

 

(a)      Selection of Venues to Display the Exhibit.  After meaningful consultation with DTS, and subject to the provisions of Section 1(c) and (d) above: (i)PEM shall select the venues at which the Exhibit shall be presented to the public. (Any venue selected by PEM for a Tour Event is referred to individually as a “Venue,” and collectively, as the “Venues.”); (ii) in all circumstances, PEM shall have final say in the selection of the Venues; (iii)  PEM shall present at least one Tour Event;  and (iv) the decision whether to stage more than one Tour Event rests in the sole and absolute discretion of PEM, provided, however, that in all events, the terms and provisions of all agreements with all Venues shall be arms’ length, made in good faith and, when taken as a whole, consistent generally with industry standards for agreements between unaffiliated touring show promoters and exhibition venues.

 

(b)      Routing of Tour Events at Venues.   In consultation with DTS, PEM shall be entitled to determine the dates in which the Exhibit will be displayed at each of the Venues (i.e., the length of the applicable Tour Event).  PEM shall be solely responsible for securing agreements with the applicable Venues in connection with their respective display of the Exhibit.

 

(c)      Budgets.  All costs of every kind associated with the Exhibit, including but not limited to the design, development, licensing, production, presentation, promotion, marketing and operation of the Exhibit, shall be subject to a budget which shall not exceed $1,200,000 without the signed written agreement of DTS and PEM (the “Exhibit Production Budget”). Any increase in the Exhibit Production Budget over $1,200,000 agreed to by DTS and PEM shall be referred to herein as an “Exhibition Production Budget Increase”.  The  Exhibit Production Budget shall be developed by PEM in meaningful consultation with DTS and shall be paid for as follows: Eighty Percent (80%) by PEM and Twenty Percent (20%) by DTS. DTS shall remit to PEM by wire transfer the DTS portion of Exhibition Production Budget within thirty (30) calendar days of the date expenditures are planned, in accordance with a funding schedule agreed to by DTS and PEM in the Exhibit Production Budget.  PEM and DTS shall recoup One Hundred and Ten Percent (110%) of the Exhibit Production Budget on a pro-rated basis according to their investments, and such monies shall be recouped before any other revenues are distributed to themselves or any third-parties.  If there is an Exhibition Production Budget Increase, such increase shall be funded eighty Percent (80%) by PEM and Twenty Percent (20%) by DTS, provided, however, that if DTS does not fund 20% of the Exhibition Budget Increase, the 80%/20% recoupment schedule shall be adjusted to reflect the actual investment of DTS and PEM.   Recoupment is made  through the proceeds of the exploitation of the Exhibit and ancillary rights as described in this Agreement. In all cases, final approval of the budget rests with the PEM. If the Exhibit Production Budget is exceeded due to agreed-upon changes, commercially necessary expenditures or events outside the control of the parties (“Overages”), then such Overages shall be paid and fully recoupable by the Parties on a pro-rata basis according the each Party’s additional investment. It is understood and agreed that the costs and expenses incurred attributed to or for which the the Parties are responsible under the terms of this Agreement, are to be included in the Exhibit Production Budget and fully recoupable by each of them.

  

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(d)      Design of Exhibitry, Marketing Material, Websites; Approvals.    PEM shall have the right to design all aspects of the Exhibit, marketing material, public relations material, merchandise, and any websites related to any Exhibit; provided however, that PEM agrees to consult meaningfully with DTS in conjunction with any such materials or designs.  .

 (e) Ownership at Expiration. Upon the expiration or lawful termination of this Agreement: (i) PEM shall have an ownership interest inall physical assets and intellectual property of the Exhibit not otherwise owned or controlled by Newseum, equal to 68%; and DTS shall have ownership interest in the same of 32%; and (ii) PEM shall have a perpetual license to use any of said physical assets and any intellectual property developed or used in connection with the exhibition by remitting to DTS a sum equal to 32% of the cost basis of the actual expenses incurred pursuant to the Exhibit Production Budget.

	
  

	
4.

	
PEM/DTS Obligations.  In addition to such other responsibilities of PEM as are set forth elsewhere in this Agreement, with respect to the Tour or any Tour Event, during the Term, PEM shall:

 

(a)      subject to the provisions of 1(c) and (d) above, secure agreements with at least one Venue in connection with such venue’s presentation of the Exhibit at a Tour Event;

 

(b)      subject to the caps and percentage obligations set forth in Section 3(c) above, fund and provide for any other elements PEM determines are necessary or desirable to augment and enhance the Assets and use them to complete the Tour (the “New Show Build Costs”), which shall be part of the Exhibit Production Budget;

 

(c)      operate and manage each of the Tour Events on a day-to-day basis, with the involvement of museum partners as appropriate, including (i) all logistics, (ii)  advance and on-site ticketing (e.g., establishing on-sale dates for each Tour Event, establishing ticket prices for admission into the Exhibit with the applicable Venue, and arranging for the applicable ticketing agency in conjunction with the applicable Venue); (iii) building the exhibitry at each Venue; and (iv) supervising the operations to the extent permitted by the applicable Venue and, as between DTS and PEM, handling all facility matters with respect to each Exhibit on an as-needed basis; and (v) supervising the operations of the merchandise store at each Venue;

 

  

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(d)      use commercially reasonable efforts to adequately secure, protect and safe keep the Assets during storage, transportation and display to the extent PEM and/or its affiliates have possession and control of such Assets during the Term of this Agreement;

 

(e)      use commercially reasonable efforts to promote and market the Exhibit in connection with each of the Tour Events in a Tour;

 

(f)      arrange for and oversee the transportation of the Exhibit from one Tour Event to the next (recognizing that PEM has no obligation to present the Exhibit at more than one Venue) throughout the Term;

 

(g)      pay all Production Costs and all Operating Costs (as defined below) in connection with the Exhibit, subject to the following definitions:

 

	
  

	
i.

	
The term “Production Costs” shall mean the actual costs associated with the services, equipment and facilities necessary in order to make the Exhibit ready for display at a Tour Event (e.g., legal and accounting services in connection with the display of the Exhibit at a Tour Event; travel related costs for PEM and its touring personnel in connection with the display of the Exhibit at each Tour Event (but excluding “t and e” for PEM executive or senior personnel not assigned specifically to the Tour); and audio/video production costs in connection with an Exhibit).

 

	
  

	
ii.

	
The term “Operating Costs” shall mean all costs incurred by PEM in performing its operational obligations for the Exhibit pursuant to Sections 5(c)-(f) above.

 

(h)      return to the Newseum no later than thirty (30) days after the expiration of the Term all exhibitry and other assets contributed to the Exhibition by The Newseum.

 

	
  

	
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Compensation.

 

(a)      Management Fee. Commencing upon the opening of each Tour Event, PEM shall pay itself a management fee of $60,000 per Tour Event (the “PEM Management Fee”) from Gross Exhibit Revenues. “Gross Exhibit Revenues” shall include all revenues from tickets, merchandising, sponsorships and other ancillary revenue streams, after payment of sales admission taxes and credit card fees and charges and after returns and customer credits.

 

(b)      Division and Payment of Net Profits.  The parties shall establish a revenue pool for each of the individual Tour Events (the “Tour Event Revenue Pool”). The parties hereby agree to the following division of Tour Event Profits:

 

	
  

	
(i)

	
After recoupment as set forth in Section 3(c) above, PEM shall receive Sixty Eight Percent (68%) of Tour Event Profits and DTS shall receive Thirty Two Percent (32%) of Tour Event Profits.

 

  

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“Tour Event Profits” shall mean  Net Revenue less all Exhibition Expenses. Net Revenue  shall mean all gross revenues received from the sale of tickets for admission to the Exhibition, plus Net Merchandise Revenue (as defined in section 5(f) below), plus gross sponsorship payments less reasonable commission (not to exceed 15%), plus any other ancillary revenues generated from the Exhibition less: standard sales tax, refund and credit card deductions. Net Revenue (including retail and all ancillary revenues) shall be collected by PEM.

 

Exhibition Expenses shall mean , to the extent not part of the Exhibit Production Budget, except as otherwise expressly set forth herein,  all reasonable, direct, out-of-pocket costs and expenses actually paid by PEM in presenting, producing, operating (including reasonable, direct, out-of-pocket incremental professional fees, including outside legal fees), transporting and promoting, loading in, installing, loading out and removing, maintaining and repairing the Exhibition including, but not limited to, the following: (i) rent (if applicable), license fees payable to any third parties including Newseum(including the “Services Fee,” “Newseum Admission Ticket Royalty” and audio tour fees as those terms are defined in Section 7.2 of the Exhibition Touring, Service and Co-Promotion Agreement) marketing, sales advertising and publicity; (ii) packing, freight and shipping and associated personnel costs for the Exhibition and all components thereof, if applicable , and (iii)to the extent not covered above, Production Costs and Operating Costs. PEM shall pay all Exhibition Expenses. No payments of any kind made by DTS will be considered an Exhibition Expense unless such payments are approved in writing by PEM, and such writing expressly states that the payment is a recoupable Exhibition Expense.

 

	

  

	
(ii) 

	
DTS shall be paid Twenty Five Thousand Dollars ($25,000) (the “Finders Fee”) upon (a) full execution of the Exhibition Touring, Service and Co-Promotion Agreement, (b) receipt by PEM of an artifact list from the FBI which is acceptable to both PEM and DTS. The Finders Fee shall be an Exhibition Expense.

 

(c)      Timing of Payments.   Unless the parties otherwise agree in writing, the parties shall be entitled to be paid amounts owing to it under Section 5(b) thirty (30) days after the final settlement of each Tour Event with the Venue.

 

(d)      No Deductions.   PEM shall have no right, and shall not offset or deduct any sums whatsoever, from the monies otherwise due and payable to DTS under this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement.

 

(e)      Manner of Payments.   All payments to DTS shall be made by wire transfer in accordance with the following respective instructions:

 

[insert wire instructions]

  

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(f)      Merchandise.

 

	
  

	
i.

	
The parties acknowledge that PEM has or will enter into an agreement with Premier Merchandising, LLC (“PM”) to supply the inventory for the Merchandise Store and to operate the Merchandise Store for the first Tour Event and, at the option of PM, for the additional Tour Events.  “Merchandise Store” shall mean a merchandise store managed and operated by the Merchandise Company in connection with the applicable Exhibit at each Venue (except as restricted by Venue exclusivity requirements pursuant to which a Venue has granted merchandising rights to a third party merchandiser).

 

	
  

	
ii.

	
PEM shall use commercially reasonable efforts to secure a commitment from each Venue that the Merchandise Store shall be the only store in such Venue that will be permitted to sell merchandise related to the Exhibit or items in the Exhibit.  PEM and PM may also market and sell merchandise via the internet, including by means of a website(s) established by PEM and/or the PM for such sales. For the avoidance of doubt, the merchandise revenues included in Net Revenue shall be 30% of the merchandise sales, less taxes and credit card fees and discounts,  as provided in the agreement between PEM and PM, less any share of the merchandise revenue owed a Venue pursuant to an agreement between PEM and the Venue the (“Net Merchandise Revenue”).

 

	
  

	
iii.

	
For the avoidance of doubt, PEM and PM shall be entitled to design and/or publish, or arrange for a third party to co-design and/or publish a catalog containing photographs and other information about the Exhibit, subject to approval by Newseum and the FBI.   The revenues from the sale of such catalogs shall be included in the calculation of Net Merchandise Revenue, in accordance with Sections  5(f)(i) and (ii) herein.

 

	
  

	
iv.

	
DTS grants to PM a license to utilize existing merchandise designs and catalogues in connections with its operation of the Merchandise Store and for no additional cost to PM or PEM

 

(g)      Accountings /Tour Settlement /Audit.

 

	
  

	
i.

	
DTS shall have the right, at its own expense, to have a representative participate in all Tour Event settlements upon request and PEM shall provide documentation evidencing Tour Event attendance upon DTS request.

 

	
  

	
ii.

	
PEM shall provide DTS with a written settlement for each Tour Event and in connection with any other payments under this Agreement, which shall contain the itemized calculation of Net Tour Event Profit.

 

	
  

	
iii.

	
PEM shall keep complete, detailed and accurate books and records of all merchandise revenue and all ticket and sponsorship revenues in respect of the Tour Events. During the Term and for twelve (12) months thereafter, each of the parties shall provide the other party, upon reasonable notice, with full and complete access during regular business hours at such party’s normal place of business to such party’s Exhibit-related books and records to inspect and copy, and to perform, at the discretion and expense of the other party, audits or reviews of such books and records.

 

  

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6.      Representations and Warranties of PEM.  PEM hereby represents and warrants that:

 

(a)      PEM is a valid and existing limited liability company in good standing in the State of Florida and it has the right and the complete authority to enter into this Agreement and to undertake the obligations set forth herein.

 

(b)      This Agreement has been duly executed by PEM and is enforceable against PEM in accordance with its terms.

 

(c)      PEM has taken all steps necessary to secure the underlying intellectual property rights necessary to perform their obligations under this Agreement and PEM is aware of no claim by any person, or occurrence which with the passage of time would result in a default by PEM of any obligations it owes to any party in connection with such intellectual property rights that conflicts with PEM’s unfettered and unencumbered exclusive rights to present the Assets in connection with the Exhibit.

 

(d)      PEM represents and warrants that: it is the 100% direct, sole equity member of AEI; it owns (and will own throughout the Term hereof) within its corporate assets, the touring exhibition business of all of AEI, Premier Exhibitions, Inc. and itself; and upon execution of this Agreement, it will have throughout the Term hereof, all rights and responsibilities to fully perform all of the obligations, if any, of each of AEI and Premier Exhibitions, Inc. in respect of the Exhibit and the Tour.

 

	
  

	
7.

	
Representations and Warranties of DTS.  DTS hereby represents and warrants that:

 

(a)      DTS  is a valid and existing limited liability company in good standing in the State of New York and it has the right and the complete authority to enter into this Agreement and to undertake the obligations set forth herein.

 

(b)      This Agreement has been duly executed by DTS and is enforceable against DTS in accordance with its terms.

 

(c)      DTS has taken all steps necessary to secure the underlying intellectual property rights necessary to perform their obligations under this Agreement and DTS is aware of no claim by any person, or occurrence which with the passage of time would result in a default by DTS of any obligations it owes to any party in connection with such intellectual property rights that conflicts with DTS’s unfettered and unencumbered exclusive rights to present the Assets in connection with the Exhibit.

 

  

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Intellectual Property Rights.

 

The parties hereby grant each other a non-exclusive, non-transferable, royalty-free, limited license to use, display and otherwise distribute each of the other party’s trademarks, service marks, logos, or trade names (collectively, the “Marks”) solely in connection with each party’s promotion obligations hereunder, if any; provided, however, that such Marks shall be used, displayed and otherwise distributed only in a form and manner as has been specifically approved in advance by the party owning such Mark.   All use of the other party’s Marks shall inure to the benefit of the owner of such Marks.

 

	
  

	
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Indemnities.

 

(a)      DTS agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless PEM and its subsidiaries, parent companies, affiliates, agents and assigns and their respective agents, officers, employees, and directors, from and against any and all losses, damages, liabilities, claims, demands, suits and expenses that PEM may reasonably incur or be liable for as a result of any third party claim, suit or proceeding made or brought against PEM based upon, arising out of, or in connection with DTS’s: (i) breach of any of its duties or obligations hereunder, (ii) representation made under this Agreement; or (iii) negligence or willful misconduct in connection with the Tour.

 

(b) PEM agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless DTS and its subsidiaries, parent companies, affiliates, agents, and assigns and their respective agents, officers, employees, and directors, from and against any and all losses, damages, liabilities, claims, demands, suits and expenses that DTS may incur or be liable for as a result of any claim, suit or proceeding made or brought against DTS based upon, arising out of, or in connection with PEM’s: (i) breach of any of its duties or obligations hereunder, (ii) representation made under this Agreement, or (iii) negligence or willful misconduct in connection with the Tour.

 

(c)      Each party shall give the other party prompt notice of any claim or suit coming within the purview of these indemnities. Upon the written request of any indemnitee, the indemnitor shall assume the defense of any claim, demand or action against such indemnitee, and shall upon the request of the indemnitee, allow the indemnitee to participate in the defense thereof, such participation to be at the expense of the indemnitee. Settlement by the indemnitee without the indemnitor’s prior written consent shall release the indemnitor from the indemnity as to the claim, demand or action so settled.

 

	
  

	
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Termination.

 

(a)       Subject to Section 11 below, if any party (the “Defaulting Party”) fails to substantially perform its obligations hereunder and such failure to perform is not covered by a Force Majeure event, as hereinafter defined in Section 11, in a manner that results in material harm, loss or other damage to the other party (“Event of Default”), and if curable, such Event of Default is not cured within ten (10) business days after receipt by the Defaulting Party of written notice thereof, or longer as the parties may mutually agree upon in writing, then the other party may terminate this Agreement by giving ten(10) days’ written notice thereof to the Defaulting Party. The right to terminate this Agreement shall be in addition to and not in lieu of any other remedies available in law or equity. Neither PEM nor DTS shall be obligated to reschedule a Tour Event that is cancelled as the result of the other party’s acts or omissions that are not legally excused; provided, however, that the parties shall use commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate any damages resulting from such other party’s breach of this Agreement. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement. PEM may terminate this Agreement, upon six (6) months prior written notice to DTS based on its reasonable business judgment that the venue agreements available for the Exhibit are not economically viable subsequent to presenting at least one Tour Event. Any obligations that accrue prior to the termination of the Agreement or the earlier termination of any Applicable Term shall survive the termination of the Agreement.

 

  

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(b)       Either Party  shall have the right to terminate this Agreement within twelve  (12) months of the date of execution of this Agreement, if it determines, using its commercially reasonable business judgment, that an additional exhibition involving or authorized by the FBI is under development. Upon termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section, this Agreement shall have no further force and effect, the Parties shall have no further rights or liabilities under this Agreement, and shall be released from all of their duties, obligations and restrictions  hereunder.

 

(c)       This Agreement shall automatically terminate upon termination of the Exhibition Touring, Service and Co-Promotion Agreement or the Revised Memo of Agreement.

(d)       PEM shall deliver to Newseum possession of the exhibitry and other assets contributed to the Exhibition by the Newseum in its “as is” and “where is” condition after the completion of the Term.

	
  

	
11.

	
Cancellation from Force Majeure.

 

(a)      Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement, if a Force Majeure Event prevents the presentation of one or more Tour Events in the manner required by or reasonably expected under the terms of this Agreement, then absent a mutual agreement to the contrary, (i) such Tour Event shall be canceled, (ii) neither party hereto shall be in default of its obligations by reason of such cancellation, (iii) both parties hereto shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to reschedule such Tour Event at a mutually agreeable time and place and (iv) each party shall be responsible for its own expenses.  Similarly, no party shall be in default of any obligation under this Agreement if its performance of such obligation is rendered impossible by reason of a Force Majeure Event.

 

(b)      If a Force Majeure Event should result in a cancellation of the entire remaining schedule of Tour Events in a Tour and the Tour Events cannot be re-scheduled within six (6) months after the originally scheduled dates, and the parties are unable to mutually approve the rescheduling of any portion of such Tour for dates later than six (6) months after the originally scheduled dates in a mutually acceptable manner, acting reasonably, then either party hereto may, after exercising all commercially reasonable efforts to reschedule such Tour Event(s), either terminate this Agreement by providing notice thereof to the other party hereto.

 

  

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(c)      As used herein, the term “Force Majeure Event” shall mean the occurrence of an event outside the reasonable control of the party claiming the protection of the Force Majeure Event such as an act or regulation of public authority, fire, riot or civil commotion, lockout or strike or other labor dispute, terrorist acts, acts or declarations of war, disease, epidemic, substantial interruption in, or substantial delay or failure of, technical facilities, failure or substantial delay of necessary transportation services, war conditions, emergencies, or acts of God. Notwithstanding the foregoing, poor weather conditions shall not constitute a “Force Majeure Event” unless such conditions prevent the attendance by or adversely affect the safety of ticketholders and persons reasonably necessary to carry out a Tour Event.

 

	
  

	
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Insurance.

 

(a)      Cancellation Coverage. Each party hereto may acquire an insurance policy to cover its risk of loss that would arise in the event of cancellation of the Tour Events. The terms of the policies and any claims made thereunder in respect of the above requirements shall be subject to each party's approval, acting reasonably.  For the purposes of clarity, (i) each party shall be responsible for the respective cost of its own policy; and (ii) subject to the foregoing and the Indemnification provisions of this Agreement (Section 9), each party shall be entitled for its own account to the payment of any claim proceeds under its own policy.  The parties agree to cooperate with each other with respect to the other’s procurement of insurance and/or claims made under their respective policies, including without limitation, providing each other relevant documents and medical information and documents as reasonably requested by their respective insurance carriers.

 

(b)      Property Coverage for the Assets.  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 12(a), PEM shall obtain and maintain during the Term property insurance covering the Assets, the cost of which shall be part of Exhibition Expense. The parties shall agree to work in good faith to determine commercially reasonable valuations of the inventory to be used for insurance purposes. DTS shall be named as an additional insured on such policy.

 

(c)      Liability and Worker’s Compensation Coverage. PEM agrees to obtain and maintain during the Term appropriate commercial general liability insurance with limits of no less than US $2,000,000 per occurrence and in the aggregate, worker's compensation insurance for their respective employees in accordance with legal requirements, and automobile insurance as may be warranted, the cost of which shall be part of Exhibition Expense.

 

	
  

	
13.

	
Confidentiality. Information shared between the parties shall be maintained in strictest confidence and shall not be used by the receiving party except in connection with such party’s performance of its obligations hereunder or as otherwise required by law; provided however, if such information is already generally known to the public or the receiving party (except if known by the receiving party by reason of a violation of confidentiality obligations to which such information was subject), such information shall not be subject to the foregoing obligation to maintain it in confidence. The terms of this Agreement and information shared between the parties shall be kept confidential except to the extent necessary to enforce the terms hereof or as required to comply with the law (such as for example, pursuant to a court order, investor due-diligence or where a party must disclose such information pursuant to federal securities laws or to a tax advisor or accountant for purposes of preparing tax returns or financial statements).

 

  

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Miscellaneous.

 

(a)       Integrated Agreement.  This Agreement, with its Exhibits, is intended by the parties to be the complete and final expression of their agreement, and is specifically intended to be an integrated contract with respect to the matters affected herein.  Each party agrees that any prior negotiations, statements, representations or agreements with respect to the subject matter herein are merged in and superseded by this Agreement, and that such party has not relied on any representation or promise, oral or otherwise, which is not set forth in this Agreement. This Agreement may not be modified or amended except by a writing signed by the party to be bound.

 

(b)       Agreement Not Assignable. Except as provided herein, no party hereto may assign its rights or obligations under and during the Term of this Agreement to any other person or entity without the prior written consent of the other party, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed.

(c)       Binding on Successors. Without limiting the restrictions contained in Section 14(b) above, this Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, successors, representatives and assigns of the parties.

 

(d)       Attorneys’ Fees. Each of the parties shall bear its own attorneys’ fees in connection with the preparation of this Agreement. Should either Party bring an action against the other Party, both Parties are responsible for paying their respective attorneys’ fees and the prevailing Party shall have no right to recover such attorneys’ fees from the other Party.

 

(e)       Survival of Representations. The representations, warranties and indemnification provisions set forth in this Agreement shall be continuing and shall survive the expiration of the Term.

 

(f)       Approval Rights.  Unless expressly stated otherwise herein, no party may withhold, delay or condition approval unreasonably with respect to any matter for which such party’s approval is required by this Agreement.  If a party is expressly given sole and/or exclusive discretion to approve or disapprove any matter, such party may withhold, delay or condition approval unreasonably.

 

  

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(g)       Future Cooperation.  This Agreement and all documents, certificates and instruments executed or to be executed by the parties hereto in furtherance of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have been or will be duly authorized, executed and delivered by the applicable party, and each constitutes or shall constitute a legal, valid and binding agreement enforceable against the applicable party in accordance with its terms.

 

(h)       Governing Law; Forum Selection Clause.  This Agreement, and the parties’ conduct arising out of or related to it, shall be governed by the laws of the District of Columbia, without regard to its choice of law rules.  Any dispute arising out of or related to this Agreement must be brought in federal or state court in the District of Columbia , and the parties hereby consent to and waive defenses to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of such forum.

 

(i)       Severability.  If any provision of this Agreement or the application thereof is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this Agreement; provided that the material terms of this Agreement can be given their intended effect without the invalid provisions, and to this extent the provisions of this Agreement are declared to be severable.

 

(j)       Waiver.  No waiver of any breach of any term or provision of this Agreement shall be construed to be, or shall be, a waiver of any other breach of this Agreement.  No waiver shall be binding unless in writing and signed by the party waiving the breach.

 

(k)       Non Agency. Nothing contained in this Agreement constitutes or creates an agency relationship, a partnership or a joint venture between or among the parties and the parties intend their relationship to be that of independent contractors.

 

(l)       Taxes. Each of the parties shall be responsible for paying its own income taxes. To the extent PEM is legally required to make any withholdings from payments owing to DTS, the amount withheld shall be treated as though the same was actually paid to DTS.

 

(m)       Notices. All notices (“Notices”) required or permitted to be given hereunder, or which are given with respect to this Agreement, must be in writing, and shall be deemed duly given or made (a) upon delivery or refusal of such delivery of such notice by a recognized courier service; (b) upon personal delivery (which shall be deemed to have been given upon delivery); (c) upon delivery by email (including pdf or other electronic format of delivery);  or (d) upon delivery by fax machine capable of confirming receipt, and in each case addressed as follows (to the extent such address is applicable to the mode of delivery)(or at such other address for a party as shall be specified in a notice so given):

 

	
To DTS:

c/o Running Subway Productions

70 West 40th Street

9th Floor

New York, NY 10018

Attention: James Sanna

Tel: (646) 619 8611

Fax: (646) 366 8110

Email: james@runningsubway.com

	
To PEM:

PREMIER EXHIBITION MANAGEMENT, LLC

3340 Peachtree Road NE, Suite 900

Atlanta, Georgia 30326

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Tel: (404) 842-2665

Fax: (404) 348-0180

Email: mlittle@prxi.com

  

13

  

(n)       Counterparts; Facsimile Signatures. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and facsimile copies or photocopies (and/or pdf or other electronic format) of signatures shall be as valid as originals.

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement and affixed their hands and seal the day and year first above written.

 

	
TSX Operating Company, LLC

 

By:   /s/ James Sanna

 

 

	
PREMIER EXHIBITION MANAGEMENT, LLC

 

By:  /s/ Samuel S. Weiser

Samuel Weiser, Chief Executive Officer

	  	  

 

 

 

14Exhibit 4.17

 

 

 

MFA FINANCIAL, INC., as Issuer,

 

-and-

 

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
as Trustee

 

 

 

INDENTURE

 

Dated as of

  

 

 

Debt Securities

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE*

 

	Trust Indenture Act Section	 	Indenture Section
	310(a)(1)	 	607
	      (a)(2)	 	607
	      (a)(3)	 	N.A.
	      (a)(4)	 	N.A.
	      (a)(5)	 	607
	 (b)	 	608
	 (c)	 	N.A.
	311(a)     	 	611
	 (b)	 	611
	 (c)	 	N.A.
	312(a)     	 	701, 702
	 (b)	 	702
	 (c)	 	702
	313(a)     	 	703
	 (b)	 	703, 1501
	 (c)	 	703
	 (d)	 	703
	314(a)     	 	704, 1007
	 (b)	 	N.A.
	      (c)(1)	 	102
	      (c)(2)	 	102
	      (c)(3)	 	N.A.
	 (d)	 	N.A.
	 (e)	 	101
	 (f)	 	N.A.
	315(a)     	 	601
	 (b)	 	602
	 (c)	 	503
	 (d)	 	601
	 (e)	 	515
	      316(a)(1)(A)	 	502, 512
	           (a)(1)(B)	 	513
	      (a)(2)	 	N.A.
	 (b)	 	508
	 (c)	 	104
	317(a)(1)	 	503
	      (a)(2)	 	504
	 (b)	 	1003
	318(a)     	 	108

 

 

 

N.A. means not applicable. * This Cross-Reference Table is not
part of the Indenture.

 

    	2

    	 

    

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

	 	PAGE
	 	 
	ARTICLE One	 
	 	 
	DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION	 
	 	 
	Section 101.	Definitions	1
	Section 102.	Compliance Certificates and Opinions.	9
	Section 103.	Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.	9
	Section 104.	Acts of Holders.  	9
	Section 105.	Notices, etc, to Trustee and Company.	10
	Section 106.	Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver.	10
	Section 107.	Language of Notices.	11
	Section 108.	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.	11
	Section 109.	Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.	11
	Section 110.	Successors and Assigns.	11
	Section 111.	Separability Clause.	11
	Section 112.	Benefits of Indenture.	11
	Section 113.	Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction and Service.	11
	Section 114.	Legal Holidays.	12
	Section 115.	Counterparts.	12
	Section 116.	Judgment Currency.	12
	Section 117.	Extension of Payment Dates.	12
	Section 118.	Immunity of Shareholders, Directors, Officers and Agents of the Company.	13
	Section 119.	Force Majeure.	13
	Section 120.	Patriot Act.	13
	 	 
	ARTICLE Two	 
	 	 
	SECURITIES FORMS	 
	 	 
	Section 201.	Forms Generally.	13
	Section 202.	Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication.	14
	Section 203.	Securities in Global Form.	14
	 	 
	ARTICLE Three	 
	 	 
	THE SECURITIES	 
	 	 
	Section 301.	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.	14
	Section 302.	Currency; Denominations.	17
	Section 303.	Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.	17
	Section 304.	Temporary Securities.	18
	Section 305.	Registration, Transfer and Exchange.	19
	Section 306.	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.	21
	Section 307.	Payment of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts; Rights to Interest and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved.	21
	Section 308.	Persons Deemed Owners.	22
	Section 309.	Cancellation.	23
	Section 310.	Computation of Interest.	23

 

    	i

    	 

    

 

	ARTICLE Four	 
	 	 
	SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE	 
	 	 
	Section 401.	Satisfaction and Discharge.	23
	Section 402.	Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance.	24
	Section 403.	Application of Trust Money.	27
	Section 404.	Reinstatement.	27
	 	 
	ARTICLE Five	 
	 	 
	REMEDIES	 
	 	 
	Section 501.	Events of Default.	27
	Section 502.	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.	29
	Section 503.	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.	30
	Section 504.	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.	31
	Section 505.	Trustee May Enforce Claims without Possession of Securities.	31
	Section 506.	Application of Money Collected.	31
	Section 507.	Limitations on Suits.	32
	Section 508.	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts.	32
	Section 509.	Restoration of Rights and Remedies.	32
	Section 510.	Rights and Remedies Cumulative.	32
	Section 511.	Delay or Omission Not Waiver.	32
	Section 512.	Control by Holders of Securities.	33
	Section 513.	Waiver of Past Defaults.	33
	Section 514.	Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws.	33
	Section 515.	Undertaking for Costs.	33
	 	 
	ARTICLE Six	 
	 	 
	THE TRUSTEE	 
	 	 
	Section 601.	Certain Rights of Trustee.	34
	Section 602.	Notice of Defaults.	35
	Section 603.	Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.	35
	Section 604.	May Hold Securities.	35
	Section 605.	Money Held in Trust.	35
	Section 606.	Compensation and Reimbursement.	35
	Section 607.	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.	36
	Section 608.	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.	36
	Section 609.	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.	37
	Section 610.	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.	38
	Section 611.	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.	38
	Section 612.	Appointment of Authenticating Agent.	38
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE Seven	 
	 	 
	HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY	 
	 	 
	Section 701.	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders.	39
	Section 702.	Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.	40
	Section 703.	Reports by Trustee.	40
	Section 704.	Reports by Company.	40

 

    	ii

    	 

    

 

	ARTICLE Eight	 
	 	 
	CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALES	 
	 	 
	Section 801.	Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.	40
	Section 802.	Successor Person Substituted for Company.	41
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE Nine	 
	 	 
	SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	 
	 	 
	Section 901.	Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders.	41
	Section 902.	Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders.	42
	Section 903.	Execution of Supplemental Indentures.	43
	Section 904.	Effect of Supplemental Indentures.	43
	Section 905.	Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.	44
	Section 906.	Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.	44
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE Ten	 
	 	 
	COVENANTS	 
	 	 
	Section 1001.	Payment of Principal, Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts.	44
	Section 1002.	Maintenance of Office or Agency.	44
	Section 1003.	Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.	45
	Section 1004.	Additional Amounts.	46
	Section 1005.	Legal Existence.	46
	Section 1006.	Waiver of Certain Covenants.	46
	Section 1007.	Company Statement as to Compliance.	46
	Section 1008.	Calculation of Original Issue Discount.	46
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE Eleven	 
	 	 
	REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES	 
	 	 
	Section 1101.	Applicability of Article.	47
	Section 1102.	Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.	47
	Section 1103.	Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed.	47
	Section 1104.	Notice of Redemption.	48
	Section 1105.	Deposit of Redemption Price.	49
	Section 1106.	Securities Payable on Redemption Date.	49
	Section 1107.	Securities Redeemed in Part.	49
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE Twelve	 
	 	 
	SINKING FUNDS	 
	 	 
	Section 1201.	Applicability of Article.	49
	Section 1202.	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.	50
	Section 1203.	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.	50

 

    	iii

    	 

    

 

	ARTICLE Thirteen	 
	 	 
	REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS	 
	 	 
	Section 1301.	Applicability of Article.	50
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE Fourteen	 
	 	 
	SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES	 
	 	 
	Section 1401.	Applicability of Article.	51
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE Fifteen	 
	 	 
	SECURITY	 
	 	 
	Section 1501.	Security.	51

 

    	iv

    	 

    

 

INDENTURE, dated as of                   
(this “Indenture”), between MFA Financial, Inc., a Maryland corporation (hereinafter called the “Company”),
having its principal executive office located at 350 Park Avenue, 20th Floor, New York, New York, 10022 and Wilmington Trust, National
Association, a national banking association duly organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America (hereinafter
called the “Trustee”).

 

RECITALS

 

The Company has duly authorized the execution
and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of senior unsecured and secured debentures, notes
or other evidences of indebtedness (hereinafter called the “Securities”), unlimited as to principal amount, to bear
such rates of interest, to mature at such time or times, to be issued in one or more series and to have such other provisions as
shall be fixed as hereinafter provided.

 

The Company has duly authorized the execution
and delivery of this Indenture. All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with
its terms, have been done.

 

This Indenture is subject to the provisions
of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated
thereunder that are required to be part of this Indenture and, to the extent applicable, shall be governed by such provisions.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

 

For and in consideration of the premises
and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders (as herein defined) thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal
and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of any series thereof as follows:

 

ARTICLE
One

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

 

Section 101.           Definitions.

 

Except as otherwise expressly provided in
or pursuant to this Indenture or unless the context otherwise requires, for all purposes of this Indenture:

 

(1)           the
terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article, and include the plural as well as the singular;

 

(2)           all
other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings
assigned to them therein;

 

(3)           all
accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with GAAP;

 

(4)           the
words “herein”, “hereof”, “hereto” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import
refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision;

 

(5)           the
word “or” is always used inclusively (for example, the phrase “A or B” means “A or B or both”,
not “either A or B but not both”);

 

(6)           provisions
apply to successive events and transactions;

 

(7)           the
term “merger” includes a statutory share exchange and the terms “merge” and “merged” have correlative
meanings;

    	1

    	 

    

 

(8)         the
masculine gender includes the feminine and the neuter; and

 

(9)         references
to agreements and other instruments include subsequent amendments and supplements thereto.

 

Certain terms used principally in certain
Articles hereof are defined in those Articles.

 

Except as otherwise expressly provided in
or pursuant to this Indenture or the context otherwise requires, for all purposes of this Indenture, references to the conversion
or exchange of any Securities for or into other securities (other than Securities of the same series) or property shall not include
the exchange of Securities of any series for other Securities of the same series.

 

“Act”, when used with respect
to any Holders, has the meaning specified in Section 104.

 

“Additional Amounts” means any
additional amounts which are required by this Indenture or by any Security, or by the terms of any Security established pursuant
to Section 301, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes, duties,
levies, imposts, assessments or other governmental charges imposed on Holders specified herein or therein.

 

“Affiliate” of any specified
Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with
such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control,” when used with respect to any specified Person
means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of
voting securities, by contract or otherwise, and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings
correlative to the foregoing.

 

“Authenticating Agent” means
the Trustee or any Person authorized by the Trustee pursuant to Section 611 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities
of one or more series.

 

“Authorized Newspaper” means
a newspaper, in an official language of the place of publication or in the English language, customarily published on each day
that is a Business Day in the place of publication, whether or not published on days that are not Business Days in the place of
publication, and of general circulation in each place in connection with which the term is used or in the financial community of
each such place. Where successive publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may
be made in the same or in different newspapers in the same place meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any day
that is a Business Day in the place of publication.

 

“Bankruptcy Law” means Title
11, U.S. Code or any similar federal, state, or foreign law for the relief of debtors.

 

“Board of Directors” means the
board of directors of the Company or any committee of that board duly authorized to act generally or in any particular respect
for the Company hereunder. The term “board of directors” means the board of directors of the Company and does not include
committees of the board of directors.

 

“Board Resolution” means a copy
of one or more resolutions, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the
Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, delivered to the Trustee.

 

“Business Day” means, unless
otherwise specified with respect to the Securities of any series pursuant to Section 301, any day other than a Saturday, Sunday
or other day on which trust companies or banking institutions in The City of New York are authorized or obligated by law, regulation
or executive order to close; provided that such term shall mean, when used with respect to any payment of principal of, or premium
or interest, if any, on, or Additional Amounts with respect to, the Securities of any series to be made at any Place of Payment
for such Securities,

 

    	2

    	 

    

 

unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section
301 with respect to such Securities, any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which trust companies or banking institutions
in such Place of Payment are authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to close.

 

“Commission” means the Securities
and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, or, if at any time after the execution of this Indenture such Commission
is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties
at such time.

 

“Common Shares” means the common
shares of the Company as such common shares exist on the date of this Indenture or shares of any class or classes resulting from
any reclassification or reclassifications thereof and which have no preference in respect of dividends or similar distributions
or of amounts payable in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company and which
are not subject to redemption by the Company; provided that, solely in the case of any Securities that are convertible into Common
Shares, unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of such series, if at any time there shall
be more than one such resulting class, the shares of each such class then so issuable on conversion of such Securities shall be
substantially in the proportion which the total number of shares of such class resulting from all such reclassifications bears
to the total number of shares of all such classes resulting from all such reclassifications.

 

“Company” means the Person named
as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant
to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person and any other
obligor upon the Securities.

 

“Company Request” and “Company
Order” mean, respectively, a written request or order, as the case may be, signed in the name of the Company by the Chairman,
the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer or a Vice President and by the Treasurer, an Assistant
Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee.

 

“Conversion Event” means (i)
with respect to any Foreign Currency other than the Euro, the cessation of use of such Foreign Currency both by the government
of the country or the confederation which issued such Foreign Currency and for the settlement of transactions by a central bank
or other public institutions of or within the international banking community or (ii) in the case of the Euro, the cessation of
use of the Euro both within the European Monetary System and for the settlement of transactions by public institutions of or within
the European Union.

 

“Corporate Trust Office” means
(a) with respect to the Trustee, the principal office in Wilmington, Delaware which at any particular time its corporate trust
business shall be administered, which office at the date of execution of this Indenture is located at Wilmington Trust, National
Association, Corporate Capital Markets, 50 South Sixth Street, Suite 1290, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402, Attn: MFA Financial, Inc.
Authorized Officer, or any other address that the Trustee may designate with respect to itself from time to time by notice to the
Company and the Holders and (b) with respect to any other party, the office designed in the supplemental indenture for a particular
Series.

 

The term “Corporation” includes
corporations, partnerships, associations, limited liability companies and other companies, and business trusts. The term “corporation”
means a corporation and does not include partnerships, associations, limited liability companies or other companies or business
trusts.

 

“Currency”, with respect to
any payment, deposit or other transfer in respect of the principal of or any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with
respect to any Security, means Dollars or the Foreign Currency, as the case may be, in which such payment, deposit or other transfer
is required to be made by or pursuant to the terms hereof or such Security and, with respect to any other payment, deposit or transfer
pursuant to or contemplated by the terms hereof or such Security, means Dollars.

 

“CUSIP number” means the alphanumeric
designation assigned to a Security by Standard & Poor’s, CUSIP Service Bureau.

 

    	3

    	 

    

 

“Defaulted Interest” has the
meaning specified in Section 307.

 

“Depository” means, with respect
to any Security issuable or issued in the form of one or more global Securities, the Person designated as depository by the Company
in or pursuant to this Indenture, and, unless otherwise provided with respect to any Security, any successor to such Person. If
at any time there is more than one such Person, “Depository” shall mean, with respect to any Securities, the depository
which has been appointed with respect to such Securities.

 

“Dollars” or “$”
means a dollar or other equivalent unit of legal tender for payment of public or private debts in the United States of America.

 

“Equity Interests” means, with
respect to any Person, all of the shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the
warrants, options or other rights for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of shares of capital stock of (or other ownership
or profit interests in) such Person, all of the securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of (or
other ownership or profit interests in) such Person or warrants, rights or options for the purchase or acquisition from such Person
of such shares (or such other interests), and all of the other ownership or profit interests in such Person (including partnership,
member or trust interests therein), whether voting or nonvoting, and whether or not such shares, warrants, options, rights or other
interests are outstanding on any date of determination.

 

“Euro” means the currency introduced
at the start of the third stage of European economic and monetary union pursuant to the Treaty establishing European Community,
as amended by the Treaty on European Union.

 

“European Monetary System” means
the European Monetary System established by the Resolution of December 5, 1978 of the Council of the European Community.

 

“European Union” means the participating
member states that adopt a single currency in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, as amended by the
Treaty on European Union.

 

“Event of Default” has the meaning
specified in Section 501.

 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

 

“Foreign Currency” means any
currency, currency unit or composite currency, including, without limitation, the Euro, issued by the government of one or more
countries other than the United States of America or by any recognized confederation or association of such government.

 

“GAAP” and “generally
accepted accounting principles” mean, unless otherwise specified with respect to any series of Securities pursuant to Section
301, such accounting principles as are generally accepted in the United States of America as of the date or time of any computation
required hereunder.

 

“Governmental Authority” means
the government of the United States or any other nation, or of any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any
agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial,
taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government.

 

“Government Obligations” means
securities which are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America or the other government or governments in the confederation
which issued the Foreign Currency in which the principal of or any premium or interest on the relevant Security or any Additional
Amounts in respect thereof shall be payable, in each case where the payment or payments thereunder are supported by the full faith
and credit of such government or governments or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency
or instrumentality of the United States of America or such other government or governments, in each case where the timely payment
or payments thereunder are unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America or
such other government or governments, and which, in the case of (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the
issuer or issuers thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect
to any such Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of or other amount with respect to any such
Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required
by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt
from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal
of or other amount with respect to the Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

 

    	4

    	 

    

 

“Holder” means the Person in
whose name such Security is registered in the Security Register.

 

“Indenture” means this instrument
as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto
entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and, with respect to any Security, by the terms and provisions of such
Security established pursuant to Section 301 (as such terms and provisions may be amended pursuant to the applicable provisions
hereof), provided, however, that, if at any time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under this instrument, “Indenture”
shall mean, with respect to any one or more series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally
executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant
to the applicable provisions hereof and shall include the terms of those particular series of Securities for which such Person
is Trustee established pursuant to Section 301, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series
of Securities for which such Person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted.

 

“Indexed Security” means a Security
the terms of which provide that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the principal
face amount thereof at original issuance.

 

“interest”, with respect to
any Original Issue Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.

 

“Interest Payment Date”, with
respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

 

“Judgment Currency” has the
meaning specified in Section 116.

 

“Maturity”, with respect to
any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as
provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, upon
redemption at the option of the Company, upon repurchase or repayment at the option of the Holder or otherwise, and includes a
Redemption Date for such Security and a date fixed for the repurchase or repayment of such Security at the option of the Holder.

 

“New York Banking Day” has the
meaning specified in Section 116.

 

“Non-recourse Debt” means an
obligation for indebtedness that can only be satisfied out of the collateral securing the obligations and not out of the debtor’s
other assets.

 

“Office” or “Agency”,
with respect to any Securities, means an office or agency of the Company maintained or designated in a Place of Payment for such
Securities pursuant to Section 1002 or any other office or agency of the Company maintained or designated for such Securities pursuant
to Section 1002 or, to the extent designated or required by Section 1002 in lieu of such office or agency, the Corporate Trust
Office of the Trustee.

 

“Officers’ Certificate”
means a certificate signed by the Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer or a Vice President
and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, that complies with the requirements
of Section 314(e) of the Trust Indenture Act and is delivered to the Trustee.

 

    	5

    	 

    

 

“Opinion of Counsel” means a
written opinion of counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company or other counsel who shall be reasonably acceptable
to the Trustee and the Paying Agents, if applicable, and which shall not be at the expense of the Trustee and that, if required
by the Trust Indenture Act, complies with the requirements of Section 314(e) of the Trust Indenture Act.

 

“Original Issue Discount Security”
means a Security issued pursuant to this Indenture which provides for an amount less than the principal face amount thereof to
be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration pursuant to Section 502.

 

“Outstanding”, when used with
respect to any Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all such Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture, except:

 

(a)           any
such Security theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or the Security Registrar or delivered to the Trustee or the Security Registrar
for cancellation;

 

(b)           any
such Security for whose payment at the Maturity thereof money in the necessary amount (or, to the extent that such Security is
payable at such Maturity in Common Shares or other securities or property, Common Shares or such other securities or property in
the necessary amount, together with, if applicable, cash in lieu of fractional shares or securities) has been theretofore deposited
pursuant hereto (other than pursuant to Section 402) with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or
set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities,
provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture
or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made;

 

(c)           any
such Security with respect to which the Company has effected defeasance or covenant defeasance pursuant to Section 402, except
to the extent provided in Section 402;

 

(d)           any
such Security which has been paid pursuant to Section 306 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated
and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, unless there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such
Security is held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Security is a valid obligation of the Company; and

 

(e)           any
such Security converted or exchanged as contemplated by this Indenture into Common Shares or other securities or property, if the
terms of such Security provide for such conversion or exchange pursuant to Section 301;

 

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders
of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent
or waiver hereunder or are present at a meeting of Holders of Securities for quorum purposes, (i) the principal amount of an Original
Issue Discount Security that may be counted in making such determination and that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purposes
shall be equal to the amount of the principal thereof that pursuant to the terms of such Original Issue Discount Security would
be declared (or shall have been declared to be) due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration thereof pursuant to Section
502 at the time of such determination, and (ii) the principal amount of any Indexed Security that may be counted in making such
determination and that shall be deemed Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the principal face amount of such Indexed
Security at original issuance, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, and (iii) the principal amount of a
Security denominated in a Foreign Currency that may be counted in making such determination and that shall be deemed Outstanding
for such purposes shall be the Dollar equivalent, determined on the date of original issuance of such Security, of the principal
amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the Dollar equivalent on the date of original issuance of such
Security of the amount determined as provided in (i) above) of such Security, and (iv) Securities owned by the Company or any other
obligor upon the Securities, or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding,
except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in making any such determination or relying upon any such request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually
knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which shall have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as
Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee (A) the pledgee’s right so to act with respect
to such Securities and (B) that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or an Affiliate (other
than a Trust) of the Company or such other obligor.

 

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“Patriot Act” means the Uniting
and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, Pub. L. 107-56,
as amended, and signed into law October 26, 2001.

 

“Paying Agent” means the Trustee
and/or any other Person authorized by the Company to pay the principal of, or any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts
with respect to, any Security on behalf of the Company.

 

“Person” means any natural person,
corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or other
entity.

 

“Place of Payment”, with respect
to any Security, means the place or places where the principal of, or any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with
respect to such Security are payable as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security.

 

“Predecessor Security” of any
particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same indebtedness as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange
for or in lieu of a lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same indebtedness as the lost,
destroyed, mutilated or stolen Security.

 

“Redemption Date”, with respect
to any Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture or
such Security.

 

“Redemption Price”, with respect
to any Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed as determined by or pursuant to
this Indenture or such Security.

 

“Regular Record Date” for the
interest payable on any Security on any Interest Payment Date therefor means the date, if any, specified in or pursuant to this
Indenture or such Security as the record date for the payment of such interest.

 

“Required Currency” has the
meaning specified in Section 116.

 

“Responsible Officer” means
(a) any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office having direct responsibility for matters pertaining to this Indenture
and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer or employee of the Trustee to whom such
matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and (b) when used with respect
to an Agent, the meaning assigned to such term in the supplemental indenture for a particular series.

 

“Securities Act” means the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, or any successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

 

“Security” or “Securities”
means any note or notes, bond or bonds, debenture or debentures, or any other evidences of indebtedness, as the case may be, authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture; provided, however, that, if at any time there is more than one Person acting as Trustee
under this Indenture, “Securities”, with respect to any such Person, shall mean Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture, exclusive, however, of Securities of any series as to which such Person is not Trustee.

 

“Security Register” and “Security
Registrar” have the respective meanings specified in Section 305.

 

“Significant Subsidiary” means,
as of any date of determination, a Subsidiary of the Company that would constitute a “significant subsidiary,” as such
term is defined under Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X of the Commission as in effect on the date of this Indenture.

 

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“Special Record Date” for the
payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Security means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

 

“Stated Maturity”, with respect
to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto, means
the date established by or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security
or such installment of principal or interest is, or such Additional Amounts are, due and payable.

 

“Structured Finance Subsidiary”
means a Subsidiary the primary function of which is to act as an issuer, depositor or special purpose entity in connection with
issuances of obligations collateralized by loans, bonds, mortgages or other debt obligations issued by third parties.

 

“Subsidiary” of any Person means
(a) any corporation, association or other business entity (other than a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or
similar entity) of which more than 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by the issued and outstanding Equity
Interests or (b) any partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar entity of which more than 50% of the capital
accounts, distribution rights, total equity and voting interests or general or limited partnership interests, as applicable, is,
in the case of clauses (a) and (b), at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by (1) such Person, (2) such Person
and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person or (3) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.

 

“Trust Indenture Act” means
the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and any reference herein to the Trust Indenture Act or a particular provision thereof
shall mean such Act or provision, as the case may be, as amended or replaced from time to time or as supplemented from time to
time by rules or regulations adopted by the Commission under or in furtherance of the purposes of such Act or provision, as the
case may be.

 

“Trustee” means the Person named
as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such with respect
to one or more series of Securities pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee”
shall mean each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder; provided, however, that if at any time there is more than one such Person,
“Trustee” shall mean each such Person and as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series.

 

“United States”, means the United
States of America (including the states thereof and the District of Columbia), its territories, its possessions and other areas
subject to its jurisdiction; and the term “United States of America” means the United States of America.

 

“United States Alien”, except
as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security, means any Person who, for United States Federal income
tax purposes, is a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien individual, a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or
trust, or a foreign partnership one or more of the members of which is, for United States Federal income tax purposes, a foreign
corporation, a nonresident alien individual or a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust.

 

“Vice President”, when used
with respect to the Company or the Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words
added before or after the title “Vice President”.

 

    	8

    	 

    

 

Section
102.           Compliance Certificates and Opinions.
Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, upon any application or request by the Company to the
Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’
Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have
been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent, if any,
have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents
or any of them is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or request,
no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.

 

Section 103.           Form
of Documents Delivered to Trustee. In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion
of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with
respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion
as to such matters in one or several documents.

 

Any certificate or opinion of an officer
of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel, unless such officer knows, or
in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the opinion with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion
is based is erroneous. Any such Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or
opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company, a governmental official or officers or any other Person
or Persons stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company unless such counsel
knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate, opinion or representations with respect to such
matters are erroneous.

 

Where any Person is required to make, give
or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture
or any Security, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

 

Section 104.           Acts
of Holders. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action
provided by or pursuant to this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more
instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in Person or by an agent duly appointed in writing. Except as
herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the
Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein
and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments
or so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent, or of the
holding by any Person of a Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 315 of the
Trust Indenture Act) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company and any agent of the Trustee or the Company, if made in
the manner provided in this Section.

 

Without limiting the generality of this
Section 104, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, a Holder, including a Depository that is a Holder of a
global Security, may make, give or take, by a proxy or proxies, duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities to be made, given or
taken by Holders, and a Depository that is a Holder of a global Security may provide its proxy or proxies to the beneficial owners
of interests in any such global Security through such Depository’s standing instructions and customary practices.

 

(2)           The
fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved in any reasonable manner which the
Trustee deems sufficient and in accordance with such reasonable rules as the Trustee may determine; and the Trustee may in any
instance require further proof with respect to any of the matters referred to in this Section.

 

(3)           The
ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of Securities held by any Person, and the date of the commencement and the date
of the termination of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security Register.

 

    	9

    	 

    

 

(4)           If
the Company shall solicit from the Holders of any Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act, the Company may at its option (but is not obligated to), by Board Resolution fix in advance a record date for the
determination of Holders of Securities entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the Holders of Securities of record at the close of business on such
record date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purpose of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding
Securities have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of such record date; provided that no such authorization,
agreement or consent by the Holders of Securities shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions
of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the
Company from setting a new record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph
(whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be cancelled and of no effect),
and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount
of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is taken.

 

(5)           Any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act by the Holder of any Security shall bind every
future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange
therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done or suffered to be done by the Trustee, any Security Registrar, any Paying
Agent or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such Act is made upon such Security.

 

Section
105.           Notices, etc, to Trustee and Company.
Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of Holders or other document provided or
permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

 

(1)           the
Trustee by any Holder or the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing
to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, or

 

(2)           the
Company by the Trustee or any Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided)
if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to the attention of its Chief Financial Officer
at the address of the Company’s principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other address
previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.

 

Section
106.           Notice to Holders of Securities;
Waiver. Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, where this Indenture provides for notice
to Holders of Securities of any event,

 

(1)           such
notice shall be sufficiently given to Holders of Securities if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder
of a Security affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and
not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice; and

 

(2)           In
any case where notice to Holders of Securities is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any
notice so mailed, to any particular Holder of a Security shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders
of Securities given as provided herein. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed
to have been duly given or provided. In the case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other
cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such notification as shall be made in a manner acceptable to
the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

 

Where this Indenture provides for notice
in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event,
and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders of Securities shall be filed with the Trustee,
but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

 

    	10

    	 

    

 

Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding,
unless otherwise expressly stated in this Indenture or pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of any series, if
a Depository or its nominee is the Holder of any Security, then any notice given to such Depository or its nominee, as the case
may be, in respect of such Security may be given by the Company or the Trustee electronically in accordance with the procedures
of such Depository as in effect from time to time in lieu of giving notice to such Depository or such nominee, as the case may
be, by mail and all references in this Indenture to the mailing of any such notice shall be deemed to mean, solely as concerns
the notice given by the Company or the Trustee to such Depository or its nominee, as the case may be, the electronic transmission
of such notice as aforesaid, mutatis mutandis.

 

Section
107.           Language of Notices. Any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in
the English language, except that, if the Company so elects, any published notice may be in an official language of the
country of publication.

 

Section
108.           Conflict with Trust Indenture Act. If
any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with any duties under any required provision of the Trust Indenture Act
imposed hereon by Section 318(c) thereof, such required provision of the Trust Indenture Act shall control.

 

Section 109.           Effect
of Headings and Table of Contents. The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only
and shall not affect the construction hereof.

 

Section
110.           Successors and Assigns.  All
covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or
not.

 

Section 111.           Separability
Clause. In case any provision in this Indenture or any Security shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity,
legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not, to the fullest extent permitted by law, in any way be affected
or impaired thereby.

 

Section 112.           Benefits
of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or any Security, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties
hereto, any Security Registrar, any Paying Agent and their successors hereunder and the Holders of Securities, any benefit or
any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

 

Section 113.           Governing
Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction and Service. This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made or instruments entered into and,
in each case, performed in said State, without regard to conflicts of laws or principles thereof.

 

EACH OF THE COMPANY
AND THE TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY
IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE SECURITIES OR THE TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

 

To the fullest extent permitted by applicable
law, the Company hereby irrevocably submits to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court located in the Borough of Manhattan
in The City of New York, New York in any suit, action or proceeding based on or arising out of or relating to this Indenture or
any Securities and irrevocably agrees that all claims in respect of such suit or proceeding may be determined in any such court.
The Company irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection which it may have to the laying of the venue
of any such suit, action or proceeding brought in an inconvenient forum. The Company agrees that final judgment in any such suit,
action or proceeding brought in such a court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Company, and may be enforced in any courts
to the jurisdiction of which the Company is subject by a suit upon such judgment, provided, that service of process is effected
upon the Company in the manner specified herein or as otherwise permitted by law. The Company hereby irrevocably designates and
appoints [______________] (the “Process Agent”) as its authorized agent for purposes of this section, it being understood
that the designation and appointment of the Process Agent as such authorized agent shall become effective immediately without any
further action on the part of the Company. The Company further agrees that service of process upon the Process Agent and written
notice of said service to the Company, mailed by prepaid registered first class mail or delivered to the Process Agent at its principal
office, shall be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon the Company, in any such suit or proceeding. The Company
further agrees to take any and all action, including the execution and filing of any and all such documents and instruments as
may be necessary, to continue such designation and appointment of the Process Agent in full force and effect so long as the Company,
has any outstanding obligations under this Indenture. To the extent the Company has or hereafter may acquire any immunity from
jurisdiction of any court or from any legal process (whether through service of notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment
in aid of execution, executor or otherwise) with respect to itself or its property, the Company hereby irrevocably waives such
immunity in respect of its obligations under this Indenture to the extent permitted by law.

 

    	11

    	 

    

 

Section 114.           Legal
Holidays. Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Securities, in any case where any Interest Payment
Date, Stated Maturity or Maturity of, or any other day on which a payment is due with respect to, any Security shall be a day
which is not a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then payment need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but
such payment may be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect
as if made on the Interest Payment Date, at the Stated Maturity or Maturity or on any such other payment date, as the case may
be, and no interest shall accrue on the amount payable on such date or at such time for the period from and after such Interest
Payment Date, Stated Maturity, Maturity or other payment date, as the case may be, to the next succeeding Business Day.

 

Section 115.           Counterparts.
This Indenture may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be an original and all of which shall constitute
but one and the same instrument.

 

Section 116.           Judgment
Currency. The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the
purpose of obtaining judgment against it in any court, it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of,
or premium or interest, if any, or Additional Amounts on the Securities of any series (the “Required Currency”) into
a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be the
rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency
with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding that on which a final unappealable judgment is given and (b)
its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any
tender, or any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with clause (a)), in any currency other
than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee,
of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as
an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which
such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable and (iii) shall not
be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, “New York
Banking Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York or a day on which trust
companies or banking institutions in The City of New York are authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to
be closed. The provisions of this Section 116 shall not be applicable with respect to any payment due on a Security which is payable
in Dollars.

 

Section 117.           Extension
of Payment Dates.

 

In the event that (i) the terms of any Security established in or pursuant to this Indenture permit the
Company or any Holder thereof to extend the date on which any payment of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest, if any,
on, or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to such Security is due and payable and (ii) the due date for any such payment
shall have been so extended, then all references herein to the Stated Maturity of such payment (and all references of like import)
shall be deemed to refer to the date as so extended.

 

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Section 118.           Immunity
of Shareholders, Directors, Officers and Agents of the Company. No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement
contained in this Indenture or in any Security, or because of any indebtedness evidenced thereby, or for any claim based thereon
or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any past, present or future shareholder, incorporator, employee, officer
or director, as such, of the Company or any predecessor or successor to the Company, either directly or through the Company or
any such predecessor or successor, under any rule of law, statute or constitutional provision or by the enforcement of any assessment
or by any legal or equitable proceeding or otherwise, all such liability being expressly waived and released by the acceptance
of the Securities by the Holders and as part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities; it being expressly understood
that, without limitation to the foregoing, this Indenture and the Securities and the obligations created hereunder and thereunder
are solely corporate, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership or similar obligations, as the case may be,
of the Company and that no such Personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, any past, present
or future shareholder, incorporator, employee, officer or director, as such, of the Company or any of its predecessors or successors,
or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants
or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any Security or implied herefrom or therefrom and that any and all such Personal
liability of every type and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such
rights and claims against, every such past, present or future shareholder, incorporator, employee, officer or director, as such,
because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements
contained in this Indenture or in any Security or implied herefrom or therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a
condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of the Securities. As used in this
Section 118, all references to “shareholders” shall be deemed to mean, with respect to any Person, any past, present
or future holder or owner of an equity interest in such Person, including, without limitation, owners or holders of capital stock,
limited or general partnership interests and limited liability company interests.

 

Section 119.           Force
Majeure. In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations
hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes,
work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of
God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being
understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry
to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.

 

Section 120.           Patriot
Act. The parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance with Section 326 of the Patriot Act, the Trustee, like all financial
institutions and in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record
information that identifies each Person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee.
The parties to this Indenture agree that they will provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the
Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the Patriot Act.

 

ARTICLE
Two

SECURITIES FORMS

 

Section 201.           Forms
Generally. Each Security issued pursuant to this Indenture shall be in the form established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution
and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, shall have such
appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by or pursuant to this Indenture
or any indenture supplemental hereto and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements
placed thereon as may, consistently herewith, be determined by any officer of the Company executing such Security as evidenced
by the execution of such Security.

 

Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant
to this Indenture or any Securities, the Securities shall be issuable in registered form without coupons.

 

Definitive Securities shall be printed,
lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods on a steel engraved border or steel engraved borders or
may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the officers of the Company executing such Securities, as evidenced by
their execution of such Securities.

 

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Section 202.           Form
of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication. Subject to Section 611, the Trustee’s certificate of authentication
shall be in substantially the following form:

 

This is one of the Securities of the series
designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

 

	 	WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as
	 	Trustee
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Authorized Signatory

 

Section 203.           Securities
in Global Form. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Securities, the Securities shall be
issuable in global form. If Securities of a series shall be issuable in temporary or permanent global form, any such Security
may provide that it or any number of such Securities shall represent the aggregate amount of all Outstanding Securities of such
series (or such lesser amount as is permitted by the terms thereof) from time to time endorsed thereon or reflected on the books
and records of the Trustee and may also provide that the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities represented thereby may from
time to time be increased or reduced to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of any Security in global form to reflect the amount,
or any increase or decrease in the amount, or changes in the rights of Holders, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby
shall be made in such manner and by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or pursuant to Section 301 with respect
to such Security or in the Company Order to be delivered pursuant to Section 303 or 304 with respect thereto. Subject to the provisions
of Section 303 and, if applicable, Section 304, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any Security in global form in the manner
and upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or pursuant to Section 301 with respect to such Security
or in the applicable Company Order. If a Company Order pursuant to Section 303 or 304 has been, or simultaneously is, delivered,
any instructions by the Company with respect to a Security in global form shall be in writing but need not be accompanied by or
contained in an Officers’ Certificate and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel. Notwithstanding the foregoing
provisions of this paragraph, in the event a global Security is exchangeable for definitive Securities as provided in Section
305, then, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series, the Trustee
shall deliver and redeliver such global Security to the extent necessary to effect such exchanges, shall endorse such global Security
to reflect any decrease in the principal amount thereto resulting from such exchanges and shall take such other actions, all as
contemplated by Section 305.

 

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section
307, unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Securities, payment of principal of, any premium and interest
on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, any Security in temporary or permanent global form shall be made to the Person or
Persons specified therein.

 

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section
308 and except as provided in the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company and the Trustee shall
treat as the Holder of such principal amount of Outstanding Securities represented by a global Security, the Holder of such global
Security.

 

ARTICLE
Three

THE SECURITIES

 

Section 301.           Amount
Unlimited; Issuable in Series. The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series.

 

With respect to any Securities to be authenticated
and delivered hereunder, there shall be established in or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions and set forth in an Officers’
Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of any Securities of a series,

 

(1)           the
title of the Securities of such series;

 

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(2)           any
limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series which may be authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of,
other Securities of such series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 905 or 1107, and except for Securities which, pursuant to Section
303, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder, upon repayment in part of any Security of such series
pursuant to Article Thirteen or upon surrender in part of any Security for conversion or exchange into Common Shares or other securities
or property pursuant to its terms), and if such series may not be reopened from time to time for the issuance of additional Securities
of such series;

 

(3)           if
any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form, when any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form and (i)
whether such Securities are to be issued in temporary or permanent global form or both, (ii) whether beneficial owners of interests
in any such global Security may exchange such interests for Securities of the same series and of like tenor and of any authorized
form and denomination, and the circumstances under which any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner specified in
Section 305, (iii) the name of the Depository with respect to any such global Security and (iv) if applicable and in addition to
the Persons specified in Section 305, the Person or Persons who shall be entitled to make any endorsements on any such global
Security and to give the instructions and take the other actions with respect to such global Security contemplated by the first
paragraph of Section 203;

 

(4)           the
date or dates, or the method or methods, if any, by which such date or dates shall be determined, on which the principal and premium,
if any, of such Securities is payable;

 

(5)           the
rate or rates at which such Securities shall bear interest, if any, or the method or methods, if any, by which such rate or rates
are to be determined, the date or dates, if any, from which such interest shall begin to accrue or the method or methods, if any,
by which such date or dates are to be determined, the Interest Payment Dates, if any, on which such interest shall be payable and
the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on Securities on any Interest Payment Date, the notice, if any, to Holders
regarding the determination of interest on a floating rate Security and the manner of giving such notice, and the basis upon which
interest shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;

 

(6)           if
in addition to or other than the place where the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee may from time to time be located, the place
or places where the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, such
Securities shall be payable, any of such Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, any of such Securities
may be surrendered for conversion or exchange and notices or demands to or upon the Company in respect of such Securities and this
Indenture may be served;

 

(7)           whether
any of such Securities are to be redeemable at the option of the Company and, if so, the date or dates on which, the period or
periods within which, the price or prices at which and the other terms and conditions upon which such Securities may be redeemed,
in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;

 

(8)           if
the Company is obligated to redeem or purchase any of such Securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or at
the option of any Holder thereof and, if so, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, the price or prices
at which and the other terms and conditions upon which such Securities shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant
to such obligation, and any provisions for the remarketing of such Securities so redeemed or purchased;

 

(9)           the
denominations in which any of such Securities shall be issuable if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiples
thereof;

 

(10)         whether
the Securities of the series will be convertible into and/or exchangeable for Common Shares or other securities or property, and
if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, and any deletions from or modifications
or additions to this Indenture to permit or to facilitate the issuance of such convertible or exchangeable Securities or the administration
thereof;

 

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(11)         if
other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of any of such Securities that shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502 or the method by which such portion is to be determined;

 

(12)         if
other than Dollars, the Foreign Currency in which payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts
with respect to any of such Securities shall be payable;

 

(13)         if
the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any of such Securities are to be payable,
at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in Dollars or in a Foreign Currency other than that in which such
Securities are stated to be payable, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, and the other terms and conditions
upon which, such election may be made, and the time and manner of determining the exchange rate between the Currency in which such
Securities are stated to be payable and the Currency in which such Securities or any of them are to be paid pursuant to such election,
and any deletions from or modifications of or additions to the terms of this Indenture to provide for or to facilitate the issuance
of Securities denominated or payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in a Foreign Currency;

 

(14)         if
the amount of payments of principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities may
be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method or methods (which index, formula or method or methods may be
based, without limitation, on one or more Currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices), and, if so, the terms and
conditions upon which and the method by which such amounts shall be determined and paid or payable;

 

(15)         any
deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or covenants of the Company with respect to such Securities
(whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with the Events of Default or covenants set forth herein), and,
if any additional covenants not contained in this Indenture as of its date shall be applicable with respect to such Securities,
whether Section 1006 shall be applicable with respect to any such additional covenants;

 

(16)         if
any one or more of Section 401 relating to satisfaction and discharge, Section 402(2) relating to defeasance or Section 402(3)
relating to covenant defeasance shall not be applicable to the Securities of such series, and any covenants in addition to or other
than those covenants, if any, specified in Section 402(3) relating to the Securities of such series which shall be subject to covenant
defeasance, and, if the Securities of such series are subject to repurchase or repayment at the option of the Holders thereof pursuant
to Article Thirteen, if the Company’s obligation to repurchase or repay such Securities will not be subject to satisfaction
and discharge pursuant to Section 401 or to defeasance pursuant to Section 402, and, if the Holders of such Securities have the
right to convert or exchange such Securities into Common Shares or other securities or property, if the right to effect such conversion
or exchange will be subject to satisfaction and discharge pursuant to Section 401 or to defeasance or covenant defeasance pursuant
to Section 402, and any deletions from, or modifications or additions to, the provisions of Article Four in respect of the Securities
of such series;

 

(17)         if
any of such Securities are to be issuable upon the exercise of warrants, and the time, manner and place for such Securities to
be authenticated and delivered;

 

(18)         if
any of such Securities are issuable in global form and are to be issuable in definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon
exchange of a temporary Security) only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions,
then the form and terms of such certificates, documents or conditions;

 

(19)         whether
and under what circumstances the Company will pay Additional Amounts on such Securities to any Holder who is a United States Alien
in respect of specified taxes, assessments or other government charges and, if so, whether the Company will have the option to
redeem such Securities rather than pay such Additional Amounts;

 

(20)         if
there is more than one Trustee, the identity of the Trustee and, if not the Trustee, the identity of each Security Registrar, Paying
Agent or Authenticating Agent with respect to such Securities;

 

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(21)        the
Person to whom any interest on any Security of such series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name the Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, and
the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary global Security will be paid if other than in
the manner provided in this Indenture;

 

(22)        whether
the Securities of such series are to be secured by any property, assets or other collateral and, if so, the applicable collateral,
any deletions from, or modifications or additions to, the provisions of Article Fifteen hereof or any other provisions of this
Indenture in connection therewith or in connection with any other instrument or agreement entered into in connection therewith;

 

(23)        if
the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of any Securities of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more
dates prior to the Stated Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such Securities as of any such
date for any purpose thereunder or hereunder, including the principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable upon any Maturity
other than the Stated Maturity or which shall be deemed to be Outstanding as of any date prior to the Stated Maturity (or, in any
such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be determined); and

 

(24)        any
other terms of such Securities (whether or not such other terms are consistent or inconsistent with any other terms of this Indenture)
and any deletions from or modifications or additions to this Indenture in respect of such Securities.

 

The terms of the Securities of any series
may provide, without limitation, that the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered by the Trustee on original issue from
time to time upon written order of Persons designated in the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture,
as the case may be, pertaining to such series of Securities and that such Persons are authorized to determine, consistent with
such Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture, such terms and conditions of the Securities of such
series as are specified in such Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture. All Securities of any
one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided by the Company as contemplated by this Section 301,
a series may be reopened from time to time without the consent of any Holders for issuances of additional Securities of such series.

 

If any of the terms of the Securities of
any series shall be established by action taken by or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions, such Board Resolutions shall be
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate setting forth the terms of such series.

 

Section 302.           Currency;
Denominations. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, the principal of, any premium and interest on and
any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities shall be payable in Dollars. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to
this Indenture, Securities denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in registered form without coupons in denominations of $1,000
and any integral multiples thereof. Securities not denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in such denominations as are established
with respect to such Securities in or pursuant to this Indenture.

 

Section 303.           Execution,
Authentication, Delivery and Dating. Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman, its Chief Executive
Officer, its President or one of its Vice Presidents and by its Treasurer, one of its Assistant Treasurers, its Secretary or one
of its Assistant Secretaries and may (but need not) have its corporate or other seal or a facsimile thereof reproduced thereon.
The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile.

 

Securities bearing the manual or facsimile
signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law,
bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication
and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

 

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At any time and from time to time after
the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities executed by the Company, to the Trustee for authentication
and, provided that the Board Resolution and Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture or indentures with respect to
such Securities referred to in Section 301 and a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities have been
delivered to the Trustee, the Trustee in accordance with the Company Order and subject to the provisions hereof and of such Securities
shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. In authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to the applicable provisions
of Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel to
the following effect, which Opinion of Counsel may contain such assumptions, qualifications and limitations as such counsel shall
deem appropriate:

 

(a)          the
form or forms and terms of such Securities have been established in conformity with Sections 201 and 301 of this Indenture; and

 

(b)          all
conditions precedent set forth in Sections 201, 301 and 303 of this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of such Securities
have been complied with and that such Securities, when completed by appropriate insertions (if applicable), executed by duly authorized
officers of the Company, delivered by duly authorized officers of the Company to the Trustee for authentication pursuant to this
Indenture, and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions
specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company
in accordance with their terms, except as enforcement thereof may be subject to or limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
moratorium, arrangement, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’
rights generally, and subject to general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding in equity
or at law).

 

If all the Securities of any series are
not to be issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver an Opinion of Counsel at the time of issuance of each Security,
but such opinion, with such modifications as counsel shall deem appropriate, shall be delivered at or before the time of issuance
of the first Security of such series. After any such first delivery, any separate request by the Company that the Trustee authenticate
Securities of such series for original issue will be deemed to be a certification by the Company that all conditions precedent
provided for in this Indenture relating to authentication and delivery of such Securities continue to have been complied with.
The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate or to cause an Authenticating Agent to authenticate any Securities if the issue
of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities
and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee or if the Trustee, being advised by
counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken.

 

Each Security shall be dated the date of
its authentication.

 

No Security shall be entitled to any benefit
under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication
substantially in the form provided for in Section 202 or 611 executed by or on behalf of the Trustee or by the Authenticating Agent
by the manual signature of one of its authorized signatories. Such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence,
and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder.

 

Section 304.           Temporary
Securities. Pending the preparation of definitive Securities, the Company may execute and deliver to the Trustee and, upon
Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the manner provided in Section 303, temporary Securities in lieu
thereof which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially
of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, in registered form and with such appropriate insertions,
omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers of the Company executing such Securities may determine, as conclusively
evidenced by their execution of such Securities. Such temporary Securities may be in global form.

 

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Except in the case of temporary Securities
in global form, which shall be exchanged in accordance with the provisions set forth in this Indenture or the provisions established
pursuant to Section 301, if temporary Securities are issued, the Company shall cause definitive Securities to be prepared without
unreasonable delay. Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, after the preparation of definitive Securities
of the same series and containing terms and provisions that are identical to those of any temporary Securities, such temporary
Securities shall be exchangeable for such definitive Securities upon surrender of such temporary Securities at an Office or Agency
for such Securities, without charge to any Holder thereof. Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, upon
surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of definitive Securities of authorized denominations of the same series
and containing identical terms and provisions. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture with respect to a temporary
Security, until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under
this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series.

 

Section 305.           Registration,
Transfer and Exchange. With respect to the Securities of each series, if any, the Company shall cause to be kept a register
(each such register being herein sometimes referred to as the “Security Register”) at an Office or Agency for such
series in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of
the Securities of such series and of transfers of the Securities of such series. Such Office or Agency shall be the “Security
Registrar” for that series of Securities. Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities,
the initial Security Registrar for each series of Securities shall be as specified in the last paragraph of Section 1002. The
Company shall have the right to remove and replace from time to time the Security Registrar for any series of Securities; provided
that no such removal or replacement shall be effective until a successor Security Registrar with respect to such series of Securities
shall have been appointed by the Company and shall have accepted such appointment. In the event that the Trustee shall not be
or shall cease to be Security Registrar with respect to a series of Securities, it shall have the right to examine the Security
Register for such series at all reasonable times. There shall be only one Security Register for each series of Securities.

 

Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant
to this Indenture, upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of any series at any Office or Agency for such series,
the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees,
one or more new Securities of the same series denominated as authorized in or pursuant to this Indenture, of a like aggregate principal
amount bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding and containing identical terms and provisions.

 

Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant
to this Indenture, at the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged for other Securities of the same series
containing identical terms and provisions, in any authorized denominations, and of a like aggregate principal amount, upon surrender
of the Securities to be exchanged at any Office or Agency for such series. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange,
the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange
is entitled to receive.

 

Whenever any Securities are surrendered
for exchange as contemplated by the immediately preceding two paragraphs, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as
otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, the global Securities of any series shall be exchangeable for definitive certificated
Securities of such series only if (i) the Depository for such global Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable
to continue as a Depository for such global Securities or at any time the Depository for such global Securities ceases to be a
clearing agency registered as such under the Exchange Act, if so required by applicable law or regulation, and no successor Depository
for such Securities shall have been appointed within 90 days of such notification or of the Company becoming aware of the Depository’s
ceasing to be so registered, as the case may be, (ii) the Company, in its sole discretion, determines that the Securities of such
series shall no longer be represented by one or more global Securities and executes and delivers to the Trustee a Company Order
to the effect that such global Securities shall be so exchangeable, or (iii) an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing
with respect to such Securities.

 

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If the beneficial owners of interests in
a global Security are entitled to exchange such interests for definitive Securities as the result of an event described in clause
(i), (ii) or (iii) of the preceding paragraph, then without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the earliest date
on which such interests may be so exchanged, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee definitive Securities in such form and denominations
as are required by or pursuant to this Indenture, and of the same series, containing identical terms and in aggregate principal
amount equal to the principal amount of such global Security, executed by the Company. On or after the earliest date on which such
interests may be so exchanged, such global Security shall be surrendered from time to time by the Depository (or its custodian)
as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto (which the Company agrees to deliver), and in accordance with instructions
given to the Trustee and the Depository (which instructions shall be in writing but need not be contained in or accompanied by
an Officers’ Certificate or be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel), as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect
thereto to the Trustee, as the Company’s agent for such purpose, to be exchanged, in whole or in part, for definitive Securities
as described above without charge. The Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in exchange for each portion
of such surrendered global Security, a like aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized
denominations and of like tenor as the portion of such global Security to be exchanged, which shall be in such denominations and
registered in such names as shall be specified by the Depository; provided, however, that no such exchanges may occur during
a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any selection of Securities of the same series to be redeemed and
ending on the relevant Redemption Date. Promptly following any such exchange in part, such global Security shall be returned by
the Trustee to such Depository (or its custodian) or such other Depository (or its custodian) referred to above in accordance with
the instructions of the Company referred to above, and the Trustee shall endorse such global Security to reflect the decrease in
the principal amount thereof resulting from such exchange. If a Security is issued in exchange for any portion of a global Security
after the close of business at the Office or Agency for such Security where such exchange occurs on or after (i) any Regular Record
Date for such Security and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the next Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any
Special Record Date for such Security and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the related proposed date
for payment of interest or Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, interest shall not be payable on such Interest Payment Date
or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Security, but shall be payable on such Interest Payment Date
or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, only to the Person to whom interest in respect of such portion of such global
Security shall be payable in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.

 

All Securities issued upon any registration
of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company evidencing the same debt and entitling the
Holders thereof to the same benefits under this Indenture as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

 

Every Security presented or surrendered
for registration of transfer or for exchange or redemption shall (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar for
such Security) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and
the Security Registrar for such Security duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

 

No service charge shall be made for any
registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, or any redemption or repayment of Securities, or any conversion or exchange
of Securities for other types of securities or property, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax
or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other
than exchanges pursuant to Section 304, 905 or 1107, upon repayment or repurchase in part of any Security pursuant to Article Thirteen,
or upon surrender in part of any Security for conversion or exchange into Common Shares or other securities or property pursuant
to its terms, in each case not involving any transfer.

 

Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant
to this Indenture, the Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Securities during a
period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the selection for redemption of Securities of like tenor
and terms and of the same series under Section 1103 and ending at the close of business on the day of such selection, or (ii) to
register the transfer of or exchange any Security, or portion thereof, so selected for redemption, except in the case of any Security
to be redeemed in part, the portion thereof not to be redeemed, or (iii) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security
which, in accordance with its terms, has been surrendered for repayment at the option of the Holder pursuant to Article Thirteen
and not withdrawn, except the portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid.

 

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Section 306.           Mutilated,
Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities. If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section 306, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security
of the same series containing identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

 

If there be delivered to the Company and
to the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security, and (ii) such security or
indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless from and against any and all
loss, liability or expense, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by
a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and, upon the Company’s request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver,
in exchange for or in lieu of any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same series containing
identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions
of this Section 306, in case any mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable,
the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

 

Upon the issuance of any new Security under
this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be
imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

 

Every new Security issued pursuant to this
Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute a separate obligation of the Company, whether or not
the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of
this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of such series duly issued hereunder.

 

The provisions of this Section, as amended
or supplemented pursuant to this Indenture with respect to particular Securities or generally, shall (to the extent lawful) be
exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

 

Section 307.           Payment
of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts; Rights to Interest and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved. Unless otherwise
provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, any interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security which shall
be payable, and are punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name
such Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered as of the close of business on the Regular Record Date for
such interest.

 

Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant
to this Indenture, any interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security which shall be payable, but shall not
be punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for such Security (herein called “Defaulted Interest”)
shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder thereof on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder;
and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below:

 

(1)           The
Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Person in whose name such Security (or a Predecessor Security
thereof) shall be registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which
shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed
to be paid on such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee
an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements
satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit on or prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when so deposited to be
held in trust for the benefit of the Person entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this Clause provided. Thereupon, the Company
shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than
10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the
proposed payment. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense
of the Company shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be
mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Holder of such Security (or a Predecessor Security thereof) at his address as it appears
in the Security Register not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. The Trustee may, in its discretion, in the name
and at the expense of the Company cause a similar notice to be published at least once in an Authorized Newspaper of general circulation
in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, but such publication shall not be a condition precedent to the establishment
of such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having
been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Security (or a Predecessor Security
thereof) shall be registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the
following clause (2).

 

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(2)         The
Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities
exchange on which such Security may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given
by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this Clause, such payment shall be deemed practicable by the
Trustee.

 

Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant
to this Indenture or the Securities of any particular series, at the option of the Company, interest on Securities that bear interest
may be paid by mailing a check to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register
or by transfer to an account maintained by the payee with a bank located in the United States of America.

 

Subject to the foregoing provisions of this
Section and Section 305, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in
lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other
Security.

 

Section 308.           Persons
Deemed Owners. Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent
of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Security is registered in the Security Register as the owner
of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of, any premium and (subject to Sections 305 and 307) interest
on and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not any payment
with respect to such Security shall be overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee
shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

 

No holder of any beneficial interest in
any global Security held on its behalf by a Depository shall have any rights under this Indenture with respect to such global Security,
and such Depository may be treated by the Company, the Trustee, and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the owner of such
global Security for all purposes whatsoever. None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Security Registrar will
have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership
interests of a global Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein
shall prevent the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Security Registrar from giving effect to any written certification,
proxy or other authorization furnished by the applicable Depository, as a Holder, with respect to a global Security or impair,
as between such Depository and the owners of beneficial interests in such global Security, the operation of customary practices
governing the exercise of the rights of such Depository (or its nominee) as the Holder of such global Security.

 

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Section 309.           Cancellation.
All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer, exchange or conversion or for credit against
any sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee, and any such
Securities, as well as Securities surrendered directly to the Trustee for any such purpose, shall be cancelled promptly by the
Trustee. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered
hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Securities so delivered shall be cancelled promptly
by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided in this
Section, except as expressly permitted by or pursuant to this Indenture. All cancelled Securities held by the Trustee shall be
destroyed by the Trustee in accordance with customary procedures.

 

Section
310.           Computation of Interest. Except as otherwise
provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or in the Securities of any series, interest on the Securities shall be computed on
the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

 

ARTICLE
Four

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE

 

Section 401.           Satisfaction
and Discharge. Unless, pursuant to Section 301, the provisions of this Section 401 shall not be applicable with respect to
the Securities of any series, upon the direction of the Company by a Company Order, this Indenture shall cease to be of further
effect with respect to any series of Securities specified in such Company Order, and the Trustee, on receipt of a Company Order,
at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as
to such series, when

 

(1)         either

 

(a)         all
Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities of such series which have been destroyed,
lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 306, and (ii) Securities of such series for whose payment
money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company
or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 1003) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

 

(b)         all
Securities of such series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

 

(i)           have
become due and payable, or

 

(ii)          will
become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or

 

(iii)         if
redeemable at the option of the Company, are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the
Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

 

and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has
deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose, money in the Currency in which such
Securities are payable in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including the principal of, any premium and interest on, and, to the extent that the
Securities of such series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts thereon and the amount of any such Additional Amounts which
are or will be payable with respect to the Securities of such series is at the time of deposit reasonably determinable by the Company
(in the exercise by the Company of its sole and absolute discretion), any Additional Amounts with respect to, such Securities,
to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Maturity thereof, as the case
may be;

 

(2)         the
Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to the Outstanding Securities
of such series; and

 

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(3)         the
Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been complied
with.

 

In the event there are Securities of two
or more series Outstanding hereunder, the Trustee shall be required to execute an instrument acknowledging satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture only if requested to do so with respect to Securities of such series as to which it is Trustee and if the other
conditions thereto are met.

 

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture with respect to any series of Securities, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 606 and,
if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (b) of clause (1) of this Section, the respective obligations
of the Company and the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series under Sections 305, 306, 403, 404, 1002 and 1003,
any rights of Holders of the Securities of such series (unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities
of such series) to convert or exchange, and the obligations of the Company to convert or exchange, such Securities into Common
Shares or other securities or property, and, if expressly provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of such
series, any rights of Holders of the Securities of such series to require the Company to repurchase or repay, and the obligations
of the Company to repurchase or repay, such Securities at the option of such Holders as contemplated by Article Thirteen hereof,
shall survive, and, if the Securities of such series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 1004, the
Company will remain obligated, following satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series,
to pay Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities as contemplated by Section 1004, to the extent (and only to the extent)
that the Additional Amounts payable with respect to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in respect of such Additional Amounts
pursuant to subclause (b) of clause (1) of this Section.

 

Section 402.           Defeasance
and Covenant Defeasance. Unless,
pursuant to Section 301, either or both of (i) defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under clause (2) of this Section
402 or (ii) covenant defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under clause (3) of this Section 402 shall not be applicable
with respect to the Securities of such series, then such provisions, together with the other provisions of this Section 402 (with
such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to Section 301 with respect to any Securities), shall be applicable to
such Securities, and the Company may at its option by Board Resolution, at any time, with respect to the Securities of or within
such series, elect to have Section 402(2) or Section 402(3) be applied to such Outstanding Securities upon compliance with the
conditions set forth below in this Section 402. Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities
of any series, defeasance under clause (2) of this Section 402 and covenant defeasance under clause (3) of this Section 402 may
be effected with respect to any or all of the Outstanding Securities of any series. To the extent that the terms of any Security
established in or pursuant to this Indenture permit the Company or any Holder thereof to extend the date on which any payment
of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest, if any, on, or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to such Security is
due and payable, then unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section 301, the right to extend such date shall terminate upon defeasance
or covenant defeasance, as the case may be.

 

(2)           Upon
the Company’s exercise of the above option applicable to this Section 402(2) with respect to any Securities of or within
a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to such Outstanding Securities
on the date the conditions set forth in clause (4) of this Section 402 are satisfied (hereinafter, “defeasance”). For
this purpose, such defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented
by such Outstanding Securities, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “Outstanding” only for the purposes of clause
(5) of this Section 402 and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) of this paragraph, and
shall be deemed to have satisfied all of its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities
are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except
for the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (i) the rights of Holders of such Outstanding
Securities to receive, solely (except as provided in clause (ii) below) from the trust fund described in clause (4)(a) of this
Section 402 and as more fully set forth in this Section 402 and Section 403, payments in respect of the principal of (and premium,
if any) and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, such Securities when such payments are due,
(ii) the obligations of the Company and the Trustee with respect to such Securities under Sections 305, 306, 1002 and 1003 and,
if applicable to the Securities of such series, any rights of Holders of such Securities (unless otherwise provided pursuant to
Section 301 with respect to the Securities of such series) to convert or exchange, and the obligations of the Company to convert
or exchange, such Securities into Common Shares or other securities or property, and, if expressly provided pursuant to Section
301 with respect to the Securities of such series, any rights of Holders of the Securities of such series to require the Company
to repurchase or repay, and the obligations of the Company to repurchase or repay, such Securities at the option of such Holders
as contemplated by Article Thirteen hereof, and, if the Securities of such series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts
pursuant to Section 1004, the Company will remain obligated, following defeasance of this Indenture with respect to the Securities
of such series, to pay Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities as contemplated by Section 1004, to the extent (and only
to the extent) that the Additional Amounts payable with respect to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in respect of such
Additional Amounts pursuant to clause 4(a) of this Section 402, (iii) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the
Trustee hereunder and (iv) this Section 402 and Sections 403 and 404. The Company may exercise its option under this Section 402(2)
notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 402(3) with respect to such Securities.

 

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(3)           Upon
the Company’s exercise of the above option applicable to this Section 402(3) with respect to any Securities of or within
a series, the Company shall be released from its obligations under any covenants applicable to such Securities which are specified
pursuant to Section 301 as being subject to covenant defeasance on and after the date the conditions set forth in clause (4) of
this Section 402 are satisfied (hereinafter, “covenant defeasance”), and such Securities shall thereafter be deemed
to be not “Outstanding” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the
consequences of any thereof) in connection with any such covenant, but shall continue to be deemed “Outstanding” for
all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that with respect to such Outstanding Securities,
the Company may omit to comply with, and shall have no liability in respect of, any term, condition or limitation set forth in
any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or such other
covenant or by reason of reference in any such Section or such other covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document
and such omission to comply shall not constitute a default or an Event of Default under Section 501(5) or 501(11) or otherwise,
as the case may be, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

 

(4)           The
following shall be the conditions to application of clause (2) or (3) of this Section 402 to any Outstanding Securities of or within
a series:

 

(a)           The
Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the requirements
of Section 607 who shall agree to comply with the provisions of this Section 402 applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for
the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the
Holders of such Securities, (1) an amount in Dollars or in such Foreign Currency in which such Securities are then specified as
payable at Stated Maturity or, if such defeasance or covenant defeasance is to be effected in compliance with subsection (f) below,
on the relevant Redemption Date, as the case may be, or (2) Government Obligations applicable to such Securities (determined on
the basis of the Currency in which such Securities are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity or, if such defeasance or
covenant defeasance is to be effected in compliance with subsection (f) below, on the relevant Redemption Date, as the case may
be) which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide,
not later than one day before the due date of any payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such
Securities, money in an amount, or (3) a combination thereof, in any case, in an amount, sufficient, without consideration of
any reinvestment of such principal and interest, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the
Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, (y) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on,
and, to the extent that such Securities provide for the payment of Additional Amounts thereon and the amount of any such Additional
Amounts which are or will be payable with respect to the Securities of such series is at the time of deposit reasonably determinable
by the Company (in the exercise by the Company of its sole and absolute discretion), any Additional Amounts with respect to, such
Outstanding Securities on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest or the applicable Redemption
Date, as the case may be, and (z) any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to such Outstanding Securities
on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of such Securities.

 

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(b)           Such
defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture.

 

(c)           No
Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to such Securities
shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit, and, solely in the case of defeasance under Section 402(2),
no Event of Default with respect to the Company under clauses (8), (9) or (10) of Section 501 with respect to such Securities or
event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to the Company under clauses (8),
(9) or (10) of Section 501 with respect to such Securities shall have occurred and be continuing at any time during the period
ending on and including the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition to defeasance under
Section 402(2) shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

 

(d)           In
the case of defeasance pursuant to Section 402(2), the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an opinion of independent counsel
reasonably acceptable to the Trustee stating that (x) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal
Revenue Service a ruling, or (y) since the date of this Indenture there has been a change in applicable U.S. federal income tax
law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion of independent counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of
such Outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance
and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been
the case if such defeasance had not occurred; or, in the case of covenant defeasance pursuant to Section 402(3), the Company shall
have delivered to the Trustee an opinion of independent counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee to the effect that the Holders
of such Outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such
covenant defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times
as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred.

 

(e)           The
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent to the defeasance or covenant defeasance, as the case may be, under this Indenture have been complied with.

 

(f)           If
the monies or Government Obligations or combination thereof, as the case may be, deposited under clause (a) above are sufficient
to pay the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on and, to the extent provided in such clause (a), Additional
Amounts with respect to, such Securities provided such Securities are redeemed on a particular Redemption Date, the Company shall
have given the Trustee irrevocable instructions to redeem such Securities on such date and to provide notice of such redemption
to Holders as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture.

 

(g)           Notwithstanding
any other provisions of this Section 402(4), such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in compliance with any additional
or substitute terms, conditions or limitations which may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith pursuant to Section
301.

 

(5)           Subject
to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided
pursuant to Section 301) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee—collectively
for purposes of this Section 402(5) and Section 403, the “Trustee”) pursuant to clause (4)(a) of Section 402 in respect
of any Outstanding Securities of any series shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions
of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (other than the Company or any
Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities
of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts, if
any, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

 

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Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant
to this Indenture or any Securities, if, after a deposit referred to in Section 402(4)(a) has been made, (a) the Holder of a Security
in respect of which such deposit was made is entitled to, and does, elect pursuant to Section 301 or the terms of such Security
to receive payment in a Currency other than that in which the deposit pursuant to Section 402(4)(a) has been made in respect of
such Security, or (b) a Conversion Event occurs in respect of the Foreign Currency in which the deposit pursuant to Section 402(4)(a)
has been made, the indebtedness represented by such Security shall be deemed to have been, and will be, fully discharged and satisfied
through the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with respect
to, such Security as the same becomes due out of the proceeds yielded by converting (from time to time as specified below in the
case of any such election) the amount or other property deposited in respect of such Security into the Currency in which such Security
becomes payable as a result of such election or Conversion Event based on (x) in the case of payments made pursuant to clause (a)
above, the applicable market exchange rate for such Currency in effect on the second Business Day prior to each payment date, or
(y) with respect to a Conversion Event, the applicable market exchange rate for such Foreign Currency in effect (as nearly as feasible)
at the time of the Conversion Event.

 

The Company shall pay and indemnify the
Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge, imposed on or assessed against the Government Obligations deposited pursuant to this
Section 402 or the principal or interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law
is for the account of the Holders of such Outstanding Securities.

 

Anything in this Section 402 to the contrary
notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any money or Government
Obligations (or other property and any proceeds therefrom) held by it as provided in clause (4)(a) of this Section 402 which, in
the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered
to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to effect a defeasance or covenant
defeasance, as applicable, in accordance with this Section 402.

 

Section 403.           Application
of Trust Money. Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money and Government Obligations deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 or 402 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of
the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as
its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal, premium, interest and Additional
Amounts for whose payment such money has or Government Obligations have been deposited with or received by the Trustee; but such
money and Government Obligations need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

 

Section
404.           Reinstatement. If the Trustee (or
other qualifying trustee appointed pursuant to Section 402(4)(a)) or any Paying Agent is unable to apply any moneys or
Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 401(1) or 402(4)(a) to pay any principal of or premium, if any, or
interest, if any, on or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to the Securities of the applicable series by reason of any
legal proceeding or any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise
prohibiting such application, then the Company’s obligations under this Indenture and the Securities of such series
shall be revived and reinstated as though no such deposit had occurred, until such time as the Trustee (or other qualifying
trustee) or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such moneys and Government Obligations to pay the principal of and
premium, if any, and interest, if any, on and Additional Amounts, if any, in respect of the Securities of such series as
contemplated by Sections 401 or 402 as the case may be, and Section 403; provided, however, that if the Company makes any
payment of the principal of or premium, if any, or interest if any, on or Additional Amounts, if any, in respect of the
Securities of such series following the reinstatement of its obligations as aforesaid, the Company shall be subrogated to the
rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the funds held by the Trustee (or other qualifying
trustee) or Paying Agent.

 

ARTICLE
Five

REMEDIES

 

Section 501.           Events
of Default.

 

Event of Default”, wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any series, means any one of the following
events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation
of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental
body) unless such event is specifically deleted or modified in or pursuant to the supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or
Officers’ Certificate establishing the terms of such series pursuant to this Indenture:

 

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(1)         default
in the payment of any interest, if any, on, or any Additional Amounts, if any, payable in respect of any interest, if any, on,
any of the Securities of such series when such interest or such Additional Amounts, as the case may be, become due and payable,
and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

 

(2)         default
in the payment of any principal of or premium, if any, on, or any Additional Amounts, if any, payable in respect of any principal
of or premium, if any, on, any of the Securities of such series when due (whether at Maturity or otherwise and whether payable
in cash or in Common Shares or other securities or property); or

 

(3)         default
in the deposit of any sinking fund payment or payment under any analogous provision when due with respect to any of the Securities
of such series; or

 

(4)         default
in the delivery when due of any securities, cash or other property (including, without limitation, any Common Shares) when required
to be delivered upon conversion of any convertible Security of such series or upon the exchange of any Security of such series
which is exchangeable for Common Shares or other securities or property (other than an exchange of Securities of such series for
other Securities of the same series); or

 

(5)         default
in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or warranty applicable to the Company in this Indenture or any Security of such
series (other than a covenant or warranty for which the consequences of breach or nonperformance are addressed elsewhere in this
Section 501 or a covenant or warranty which has expressly been included in this Indenture, whether or not by means of a supplemental
indenture, solely for the benefit of Securities of a series other than such series), and continuance of such default or breach
(without such default or breach having been cured or waived in accordance of the provisions of this Indenture) for a period of
60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee
by the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series a written notice specifying
such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder;
or

 

(6)         default
after the expiration of any applicable grace period in the payment of principal when due, or resulting in acceleration of, other
indebtedness (other than Non-recourse Debt of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary of the Company or indebtedness of any Structured
Finance Subsidiary) for borrowed money where the aggregate principal amount with respect to which the default or acceleration has
occurred exceeds $100.0 million and such indebtedness has not been discharged, or such default in payment or acceleration has not
been cured or rescinded, prior to written notice of acceleration of the Outstanding Securities of such series; or

 

(7)         failure
by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to pay final judgments entered by a court or courts of competent jurisdiction aggregating
in excess of $100.0 million, which judgments are not paid, discharged or stayed for a period of 30 days after such judgments become
final and nonappealable; or

 

(8)         the
Company pursuant to or under or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:

 

(i)           commences
a voluntary case or proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to it or its debts or seeking the
appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of it or any substantial part of its property;
or

 

(ii)          consents
to any such relief or to the appointment of or taking possession by any such official in an involuntary case or other proceeding
commenced against it; or

 

(iii)         consents
to the appointment of a custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property; or

 

(iv)         makes
a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; or

 

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(9)         an
involuntary case or other proceeding shall be commenced against the Company seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief
with respect to it or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the
appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of it or any substantial part of its property,
and such involuntary case or other proceeding shall remain undismissed and unstayed for a period of 60 days; or

 

(10)       a
court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:

 

(i)           is
for relief against the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding; or

 

(ii)          appoints
a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of the Company or any substantial part of their respective
properties; or

 

(iii)         orders
the liquidation of the Company;

 

and, in each case in this clause (11), the order or decree remains
unstayed and in effect for 60 days; or

 

(11)       any
other Event of Default provided in or pursuant to this Indenture with respect to Securities of such series.

 

Section 502.           Acceleration
of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in clauses (8), (9)
or (10) of Section 501 with respect to the Company) occurs and is continuing with respect to Securities of any series, then either
the Trustee may, or acting at the director of Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of each series, shall, or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
series may, declare the principal of all the Securities of such series, or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the Securities
of such series, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to
the Company (and to the Trustee if given by the Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal or such lesser amount,
as the case may be, and such accrued and unpaid interest shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified
in clause (8), (9) or (10) of Section 501 with respect to the Company occurs with respect to the Securities of any series, then
the principal of all of the Securities of such series, or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the Securities of such
series, and accrued an unpaid interest, if any, thereon shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable
without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder of the Securities of such series. For purposes of
clarity, the parties hereto agree that references in this Indenture to an Event of Default specified in clauses (8), (9) or (10)
of Section 501 with respect to the Company shall not include any Event of Default specified in clauses (8), (9) or (10) of Section
501 with respect to any Significant Subsidiary of the Company.

 

At any time after Securities of any series
have been accelerated (whether by declaration of the Trustee or the Holders or automatically) and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of not less than
a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, by written notice to the Company and the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

 

(1)           the
Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum of money sufficient to pay (or, to the extent that the terms of the Securities
of such series established pursuant to Section 301 expressly provide for payment to be made in Common Shares or other securities
or property, Common Shares or other securities or property, together with cash in lieu of fractional shares or securities to the
extent required pursuant to the terms of such Securities, sufficient to pay)

 

(a)           all
overdue installments of any interest on any Securities of such series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration
of acceleration and any Additional Amounts with respect thereto,

 

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(b)           the
principal of and any premium on any Securities of such series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration
and any Additional Amounts with respect thereto and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, interest thereon at the rate or
respective rates, as the case may be, provided for in or with respect to such Securities, or, if no such rate or rates are so provided,
at the rate or respective rates, as the case may be, of interest borne by such Securities,

 

(c)           to
the extent permitted by applicable law, interest upon installments of any interest, if any, which have become due otherwise than
by such declaration of acceleration and any Additional Amounts with respect thereto at the rate or respective rates, as the case
may be, provided for in or with respect to such Securities, or, if no such rate or rates are so provided, at the rate or respective
rates, as the case may be, of interest borne by such Securities, and

 

(d)           all
sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the compensation, fees and expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee,
its agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Trustee under Section 606; and

 

(2)           all
Events of Default with respect to Securities of such series other than the non-payment of the principal of, any premium and interest
on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities of such series which shall have become due solely by such declaration
of acceleration, shall have been cured or waived as provided in Section 513.

 

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair
any right consequent thereon.

 

Section 503.           Collection
of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. The Company covenants that if:

 

(1)           default
is made in the payment of any interest on, or any Additional Amounts payable in respect of any interest on, any Security when such
interest or Additional Amounts, as the case may be, shall have become due and payable and such default continues for a period of
30 days, or

 

(2)           default
is made in the payment of any principal of or premium, if any, on, or any Additional Amounts payable in respect of any principal
of or premium, if any, on, any Security at its Maturity, or

 

(3)           default
is made in the deposit of any sinking fund payment when due,

 

the Company shall, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee,
for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount of money then due and payable with respect to such Securities,
with interest upon the overdue principal, any premium and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, upon any overdue installments
of interest and Additional Amounts at the rate or respective rates, as the case may be, provided for or with respect to such Securities
or, if no such rate or rates are so provided, at the rate or respective rates, as the case may be, of interest borne by such Securities,
and, in addition thereto, such further amount of money as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including
the compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and all other amounts due to the
Trustee under Section 606.

 

If the Company fails to pay the money it
is required to pay the Trustee pursuant to the preceding paragraph forthwith upon the demand of the Trustee, the Trustee, in its
own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the money so due and unpaid,
and may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor
upon such Securities and collect the monies adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property
of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.

 

If an Event of Default with respect to Securities
of any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights
of the Holders of Securities of such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to
protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or such
Securities or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein or therein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

 

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Section 504.           Trustee
May File Proofs of Claim. In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization,
arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities
or the property of the Company or such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of
the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the
Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of any overdue principal, premium, interest or Additional Amounts)
shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,

 

(1)           to
file and prove a claim for the whole amount, or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the Securities of such series, of
the principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other
papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable
compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents or counsel) and of the Holders of Securities allowed
in such judicial proceeding, and

 

(2)           to
collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

 

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator,
sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder of Securities to make
such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders
of Securities, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the compensation, fees and expenses, disbursements and advances of
the Trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 606.

 

Nothing herein contained shall be deemed
to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder of a Security any plan of reorganization,
arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee
to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder of a Security in any such proceeding.

 

Section 505.           Trustee
May Enforce Claims without Possession of Securities. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or any of the Securities
may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any
proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of
an express trust, and any recovery or judgment, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements
and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, shall be for the ratable benefit of each and every Holder of a Security in
respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

 

Section 506.           Application
of Money Collected. Any money or property collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article with respect to the Securities
of any series shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution
of such money on account of principal, or any premium, interest or Additional Amounts, upon presentation of such Securities, and
the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

 

FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due
the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under Section 606;

 

SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then
due and unpaid upon the Securities for principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts in respect of which or for the
benefit of which such money or property has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the
aggregate amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts;

 

THIRD: The balance, if any, to the Company.

 

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Section 507.           Limitations
on Suits. No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise,
with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless

 

(1)           such
Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such
series;

 

(2)           the
Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall have made written
request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

 

(3)           such
Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, fees and expenses
and liabilities which might be incurred in compliance with such request;

 

(4)           the
Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding;
and

 

(5)           no
direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority
in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series; it being understood and intended that no one or more of such
Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture or any Security
to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other such Holders or Holders of Securities of any other series, or to obtain
or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the
manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.

 

Section 508.           Unconditional
Right of Holders to Receive Principal and any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts. Notwithstanding any other provision
in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of
the principal of, any premium, if any, and (subject to Sections 305 and 307) interest, if any, on and any Additional Amounts with
respect to such Security, on the respective Stated Maturity or Maturities therefor specified in such Security (or, in the case
of redemption, on the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment pursuant to Article Thirteen hereof at the option of such Holder
if provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, on the date such repayment is due) and, in the case of any Security which is convertible
into or exchangeable for other securities or property, to convert or exchange, as the case may be, such Security in accordance
with its terms, and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and any such right to convert or exchange, and such
right shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

 

Section 509.           Restoration
of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder of a Security has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy
under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to
the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case the Company, the Trustee and each such Holder shall, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder, and thereafter all
rights and remedies of the Trustee and each such Holder shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

 

Section 510.           Rights
and Remedies Cumulative. To the extent permitted by applicable law and except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement
or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 306, no right or remedy herein conferred
upon or reserved to the Trustee or to each and every Holder of a Security is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy,
and every right and remedy, to the extent permitted by law, shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy
given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy
hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other
appropriate right or remedy.

 

    	32

    	 

    

 

Section 511.           Delay
or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security to exercise any right or remedy
accruing upon any Event of Default shall, to the extent permitted by applicable law, impair any such right or remedy or constitute
a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the
Trustee or to any Holder of a Security may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, be exercised from time to time, and as often
as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by such Holder, as the case may be.

 

Section 512.           Control
by Holders of Securities. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series
shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee
or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series, provided that

 

(1)         such
direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture or with the Securities of any such series,

 

(2)         the
Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and

 

(3)         such
direction is not unduly prejudicial to the rights of the other Holders of Securities of such series not joining in such action.

 

Section
513.           Waiver of Past Defaults. The Holders
of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series on behalf of the
Holders of all the Securities of such series may waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and its
consequences, except

 

(1)         a
default in the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security
of such series, or

 

(2)         in
the case of any Securities which are convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares or other securities or property, a default
in any such conversion or exchange, or

 

(3)         a
default in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent
of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

 

Upon any such waiver, such default shall
cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture;
but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

 

Section 514.           Waiver
of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws. The Company covenants that (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) it will not at any
time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law or
any usury law or any other law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which would prohibit or forgive the Company
from paying all or any portion of the principal of or premium, if any, or interest, if any, on or Additional Amounts, if any, with
respect to any Securities as contemplated herein and therein or which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture
or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any
such law and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee or the
Holders, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

 

Section 515.           Undertaking
for Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to
have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture,
or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant
in such suit of any undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs,
including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements, against any party litigant in such suit having due regard to the
merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section 515 shall not apply
to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more
than 10% in principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement
of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to
any Security on or after the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or after
the Redemption Date, and, in the case of repayment at the option of the Holder pursuant to Article Thirteen hereof, on or after
the date for repayment) or for the enforcement of the right, if any, to convert or exchange any Security into Common Shares or
other securities in accordance with its terms.

    	33

    	 

    

 

ARTICLE
Six

THE TRUSTEE

 

Section 601.           Certain
Rights of Trustee. Subject to Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of the Trust Indenture Act:

 

(1)           the
Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon or other paper or document reasonably
believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

 

(2)           any
request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or a Company Order (in
each case, other than delivery of any Security to the Trustee for authentication and delivery pursuant to Section 303 which shall
be sufficiently evidenced as provided therein) and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a
Board Resolution;

 

(3)           whenever
in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking,
suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence shall be herein specifically prescribed) may, in
the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers’ Certificate;

 

(4)           the
Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

 

(5)           the
Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by or pursuant to this Indenture at the
request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities of any series pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have
offered to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, fees and expenses and liabilities
which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction;

 

(6)           the
Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, coupon or other paper or document, but
the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and,
if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine, during business
hours and upon reasonable notice, the books, records and premises of the Company, Personally or by agent or attorney;

 

(7)           the
Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents
or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed
with due care by it hereunder; and

 

(8)           No
provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee for any series of the Securities to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise
incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers,
if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability
is not reasonably assured to it. Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the
conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section.

 

    	34

    	 

    

 

Section 602.           Notice
of Defaults. Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default hereunder with respect to the Securities of any series, the
Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders of Securities of such series entitled to receive reports pursuant to Section 703(3),
notice of such default hereunder actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, unless such default shall have been cured
or waived; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium,
if any), or interest, if any, on, or Additional Amounts or any sinking fund installment with respect to, any Security of such series,
the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or
a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such
notice is in the interest of the Holders of Securities of such series; and provided, further, that in the case of any default
of the character specified in Section 501(5) or 501(11) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall
be given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term “default” means
any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such
series.

 

Section 603.           Not
Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s
certificate of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent
assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this
Indenture or of the Securities, except that the Trustee represents that it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture,
authenticate the Securities and perform its obligations hereunder and that the statements made by it in a Statement of Eligibility
on Form T-1 supplied to the Company are true and accurate, subject to the qualifications set forth therein. Neither the Trustee
nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the Company of the Securities or the proceeds thereof.

 

Section 604.           May
Hold Securities. The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any other Person that may
be an agent of the Trustee or the Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities
and, subject to Sections 310(b) and 311 of the Trust Indenture Act, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it
would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other Person.

 

Section 605.           Money
Held in Trust.  Except as provided in Section 403 and Section 1003, money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need
not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law and shall be held uninvested. The Trustee shall be under
no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed in writing with the Company.

 

Section 606.           Compensation
and Reimbursement. The Company agrees:

 

(1)           to
pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for all services rendered by the Trustee hereunder (which compensation
shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

 

(2)           except
as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and
advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation
and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable
to the Trustee’s negligence or willful misconduct; and

 

(3)           to
indemnify the Trustee and its agents for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss, liability or reasonable expense (including,
without limitation, the reasonable fees and disbursements of the Trustee’s agents, legal counsel, accountants and experts)
incurred without negligence or bad faith on their part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of
the trust or trusts hereunder, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending themselves against any claim or liability
in connection with the exercise or performance of any of their powers or duties hereunder, except to the extent that any such loss,
liability or expense was due to the Trustee’s negligence or willful misconduct.

 

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As security for the performance of the obligations
of the Company under this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any series upon all property and funds
held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of, or premium or interest on
or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities.

 

Any compensation or expense incurred by
the Trustee after a default specified by Section 501(8), (9) or (10) is intended to constitute an expense of administration under
any then applicable bankruptcy or insolvency law. “Trustee” for purposes of this Section 606 shall include any predecessor
Trustee but the negligence or willful misconduct of any Trustee shall not affect the rights of any other Trustee under this Section
606. The provisions of this Section 606 shall, to the extent permitted by law, survive any termination of this Indenture (including,
without limitation, termination pursuant to any Bankruptcy Laws) and the resignation or removal of the Trustee.

 

Section 607.           Corporate
Trustee Required; Eligibility. There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a Corporation, organized and doing business
under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, eligible under Section 310(a)(1)
of the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee under an indenture qualified under the Trust Indenture Act and that has a combined
capital and surplus (computed in accordance with Section 310(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act) of at least $50,000,000 subject
to supervision or examination by Federal or state authority. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance
with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this
Article.

 

Section 608.           Resignation
and Removal; Appointment of Successor. No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant
to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee pursuant to Section 609.

 

(2)           The
Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company.
If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 609 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within
30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction
for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to such series.

 

(3)           The
Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and the Company.

 

(4)           If
at any time:

 

(a)           the
Trustee shall fail to comply with the obligations imposed upon it under Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with respect
to Securities of any series after written request therefor by the Company or any Holder of a Security of such series who has been
a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months, or

 

(b)           the
Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 607 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or
any such Holder, or

 

(c)           the
Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property
shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose
of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case, (i) the Company, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution,
may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities or the Securities of such series, or (ii) subject to Section 315(e) of the
Trust Indenture Act, any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months
may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the
Trustee with respect to all Securities of such series and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

 

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(5)           If
the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any
cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, shall promptly
appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such
successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there
shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable requirements
of Section 609. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed
shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 609, become
the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed
by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company
or the Holders of Securities and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 609, any Holder of a Security who has been
a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated,
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such
series.

 

(6)           The
Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and
each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series by mailing written notice of such event by
first-class mail, postage prepaid, to the Holders of Securities of such series as their names and addresses appear in the Security
Register. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address
of its Corporate Trust Office.

 

Section 609.           Acceptance
of Appointment by Successor. Upon the appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, such successor
Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such
appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties hereunder of the
retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or such successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee, upon payment of its charges,
shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring
Trustee and, subject to Section 1003, shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money
held by such retiring Trustee hereunder, subject nevertheless to its claim, if any, provided for in Section 606.

 

(2)           Upon
the appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company,
the retiring Trustee and such successor Trustee shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor
Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer
and confirm to, and to vest in, such successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect
to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee
is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm
that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as
to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change
any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder
by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees
co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any
trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any notice given
to, or received by, or any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder, and, upon the execution and delivery
of such supplemental indenture, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided
therein, such retiring Trustee shall have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance
of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that or those series
to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates other than as hereinafter expressly set forth, and such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring
Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but,
on request of the Company or such successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee, upon payment of its charges with respect to the Securities
of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor relates and subject to Section 1003 shall duly assign, transfer
and deliver to such successor Trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor
Trustee relates, subject to its claim, if any, provided for in Section 606.

 

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(3)           Upon
request of any Person appointed hereunder as a successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully
and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (1)
or (2) of this Section, as the case may be.

 

(4)           No
Person shall accept its appointment hereunder as a successor Trustee unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Person
shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.

 

Section 610.           Merger,
Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. Any Corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with
which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall
be a party, or any Corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be
the successor of the Trustee hereunder (provided that such Corporation shall otherwise be qualified and eligible under this Article),
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities
shall have been authenticated but not delivered by the Trustee then in office, any such successor to such authenticating Trustee
may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had
itself authenticated such Securities. In case any Securities shall not have been authenticated by such predecessor Trustee, any
such successor Trustee may authenticate and deliver such Securities in either its own name or that of its predecessor Trustee.

 

Section 611.           Preferential
Collection of Claims Against Company. If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or any other obligor
upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims
against the Company (or any such other obligor).

 

Section 612.           Appointment
of Authenticating Agent. The Trustee may appoint one or more Authenticating Agents acceptable to the Company with respect to
one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of that or
those series issued upon original issue, exchange, registration of transfer, partial redemption, partial repayment, partial conversion
or exchange for Common Shares or other securities or property, or pursuant to Section 306, and Securities so authenticated
shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the
Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee
or the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on
behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating
Agent.

 

Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable
to the Company and, except as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, shall at all times be a Corporation that would be permitted
by the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee under an indenture qualified under the Trust Indenture Act, is authorized under applicable
law and by its charter to act as an Authenticating Agent and has a combined capital and surplus (computed in accordance with Section 310(a)(2)
of the Trust Indenture Act) of at least $50,000,000. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance
with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

 

Any Corporation into which an Authenticating
Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation resulting from any merger, conversion
or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any Corporation succeeding to all or substantially all
of the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall be the successor of such Authenticating Agent
hereunder, provided such Corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper
or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

 

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An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written
notice thereof to the Trustee and the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by
giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon
such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions
of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall mail
written notice of such appointment by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of Securities of the series with respect
to which such Authenticating Agent shall serve, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register. Any successor Authenticating
Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor
hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed
unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

 

The Company agrees to pay each Authenticating
Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section. If the Trustee makes such payments, it shall
be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions of Section 606.

 

The provisions of Sections 308, 603 and
604 shall be applicable to each Authenticating Agent.

 

If an Authenticating Agent is appointed
with respect to one or more series of Securities pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon,
in addition to or in lieu of the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in substantially
the following form:

 

This is one of the Securities of the series
designated herein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

 

	 	[Name of Authenticating Agent],
	 	as Authenticating Agent
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	As Authenticating Agent
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Authorized Signatory

 

If all of the Securities of any series may
not be originally issued at one time, and if the Trustee does not have an office capable of authenticating Securities upon original
issuance located in a Place of Payment where the Company wishes to have Securities of such series authenticated upon original issuance,
the Trustee, if so requested in writing (which writing need not be accompanied by or contained in an Officers’ Certificate
of the Company), shall appoint in accordance with this Section an Authenticating Agent having an office in a Place of Payment designated
by the Company with respect to such series of Securities.

 

ARTICLE
Seven

HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

 

Section 701.           Company
to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders. In accordance with Section 312(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Company
shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee

 

(1)           semi-annually
with respect to Securities of each series not later than 15 days after each Regular Record Date or upon such other dates as are
set forth in or pursuant to the Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto authorizing such series, a list, in each case
in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders as of the applicable date, and

 

(2)           at
such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a
list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished, provided,
however, that so long as the Trustee is the Security Registrar no such list shall be required to be furnished.

 

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Section 702.           Preservation
of Information; Communications to Holders. The Trustee shall comply with the obligations imposed upon it pursuant to Section
312 of the Trust Indenture Act.

 

Every Holder of Securities, by receiving
and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that none of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or any Security
Registrar shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of the Holders
of Securities in accordance with Section 312(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, regardless of the source from which such information
was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under
Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.

 

Section 703.           Reports
by Trustee. Within 60 days after May 15 of each year commencing with the first May 15 following the first issuance of Securities
pursuant to Section 301, if required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall transmit, pursuant to Section
313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, a brief report dated as of such May 15 with respect to any of the events specified in said Sections
313(a) and 313(b)(2) which may have occurred since the later of the immediately preceding May 15 and the date of this Indenture.

 

(2)           The
Trustee shall transmit the reports required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act at the times specified therein.

 

(3)           Reports
pursuant to this Section shall be transmitted in the manner and to the Persons required by Sections 313(c) and 313(d) of the
Trust Indenture Act.

 

Section 704.           Reports
by Company. The Company, pursuant to Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, shall:

 

(1)           file
with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company files the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the
information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to
time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or
Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; or, if the Company is not required to file information, documents or reports pursuant to either
of said Sections, then it shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from
time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports which may be required
pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act in respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as
may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations;

 

(2)           file
with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such
additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants of this
Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and regulations; and

 

(3)           transmit
within 30 days after the filing thereof with the Trustee, in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust
Indenture Act, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to paragraphs
(1) and (2) of this Section as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission.

 

ARTICLE
Eight

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALES

 

Section 801.           Company
May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms. The Company shall not, in any transaction or series of related transactions,
consolidate with, or sell, lease or convey all or substantially all of its property and assets to, or merge with or into, any Person
unless:

 

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(1)           either
(A) the Company shall be the continuing Person (in the case of a merger) or (B) the successor Person (if other than the Company)
formed by or resulting from the consolidation or merger or which shall have received the transfer of assets shall be an entity
organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia and shall
expressly assume the due and punctual payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts,
if any, with respect to, all Securities Outstanding under this Indenture and the due and punctual performance and observance of
all covenants and conditions in such Outstanding Securities and this Indenture to be performed or satisfied by the Company (including,
without limitation, the obligation to convert or exchange any Securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for other securities
or property in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture) by a supplemental indenture;

 

(2)           immediately
after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would
become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and

 

(3)           either
the Company or the successor Person shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel,
each stating that such consolidation, merger, sale, assignment, transfer, lease or other conveyance and, if a supplemental indenture
is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent
herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.

 

Section 802.           Successor
Person Substituted for Company. In the case of any such consolidation, sale, lease, conveyance or merger in which the Company
is not the continuing entity and upon execution and delivery by the successor Person of the supplemental indenture described in
Section 801, such successor Person shall succeed to, and be substituted for, the Company and may exercise every right and power
of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein, and
the predecessor Company shall be automatically released and discharged from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture
and the Securities.

 

ARTICLE
Nine

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

 

Section 901.           Supplemental
Indentures without Consent of Holders. Without the consent of any Holders of Securities, the Company (when authorized by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution) and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental
hereto for any of the following purposes:

 

(1)           to
evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company
contained herein and in the Securities; or

 

(2)           to
add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (as shall be specified in
such supplemental indenture or indentures) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company with respect to
all or any series of Securities issued under this Indenture (as shall be specified in such supplemental indenture or indentures);
or

 

(3)           to
add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to change or eliminate any restrictions on the payment of principal of,
any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities
in uncertificated or global form, provided any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities
of any series then Outstanding; or

 

(4)           to
establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by Sections 201 and 301, including, without limitation, any
conversion or exchange provisions applicable to Securities which are convertible into or exchangeable for other securities or property,
and to make any deletions from or additions or changes to this Indenture in connection with any matters referred to in this clause
(4) (provided that any such deletions, additions and changes shall not be applicable to any other series of Securities then Outstanding);
or

 

(5)           to
evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one
or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate
the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 609; or

 

    	41

    	 

    

 

(6)           to
cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or which may be inconsistent with any
other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture which
shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series then Outstanding in any material respect; or

 

(7)           to
add any additional Events of Default with respect to all or any series of Securities (as shall be specified in such supplemental
indenture); or

 

(8)           to
supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance,
covenant defeasance and/or satisfaction and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Article Four, provided that any such
action shall not adversely affect the interests of any Holder of a Security of such series and or any other Security in any material
respect; or

 

(9)           to
add guarantees or guarantors in respect of all or any Securities under this Indenture, and to evidence the release and discharge
of any guarantor from its obligations under its guarantee of any or all Securities and its obligations under this Indenture in
respect of any or all Securities in accordance with the terms of this Indenture; or

 

(10)         to
secure or, if applicable, to provide additional security for all or any Securities issued under this Indenture and all or any guarantees,
if any, of all or any such Securities and to provide for any and all matters relating thereto, and to provide for the release of
any collateral as security for all or any Securities or all or any guarantees, if any, of all or any Securities in accordance with
the terms of this Indenture; or

 

(11)         to
make any change in this Indenture or any Securities to conform the terms thereof to the terms reflected in any prospectus, prospectus
supplement, offering memorandum or similar offering document used in connection with the initial offering or sale of any Securities;
or

 

(12)         in
the case of any series of Securities which are convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares or other securities or property,
to safeguard or provide for the conversion or exchange rights, as the case may be, of such Securities in the event of any reclassification
or change of outstanding Common Shares (or any other securities of the Company into which such Securities are convertible or for
which such Securities are exchangeable), or in the event of any merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or combination
of the Company with or into another Person or any sale, lease, assignment, transfer, disposition or other conveyance of all or
substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company to any other Person or other similar transactions, if expressly required
by the terms of such series of Securities established pursuant to Section 301; or

 

(13)         to
amend or supplement any provision contained herein, in any supplemental indenture or in any Securities (which amendment or supplement
may apply to one or more series of Securities or to one or more Securities within any series as specified in such supplemental
indenture), provided that such amendment or supplement does not apply to any Outstanding Security issued prior to the date
of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefits of such provision.

 

Section 902.           Supplemental
Indentures with Consent of Holders. With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company
and the Trustee, the Company (when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution) and the Trustee may enter into an indenture
or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the
provisions of this Indenture or of the Securities of such series or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities
of such series under this Indenture; provided, that no such supplemental indenture, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding
Security affected thereby, shall

 

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(1)         change
the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or premium, if any, or any installment of interest, if any, on, or any Additional Amounts,
if any, with respect to, any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or the premium, if any, thereon or the rate (or modify
the calculation of such rate) of interest thereon, or reduce the amount payable upon redemption thereof, whether such redemption
is mandatory or at the option of the Company, or upon repayment thereof at the option of the Holder, or reduce any Additional Amounts
payable with respect thereto, or change the obligation of the Company to pay Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 1004 (except
as contemplated by Section 801(1) and permitted by Section 901(1)), or reduce the amount of the principal of any Original Issue
Discount Security that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section
502 or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 504, or adversely affect the right of repayment at the option
of any Holder as contemplated by Article Thirteen, or change the Place of Payment where or the Currency in which the principal
of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security is payable, or impair the right to institute
suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after
the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment pursuant to Article Thirteen at the option of the Holder, on or after the date
for repayment) in each case as such Stated Maturity, Redemption Date or date for repayment may, if applicable, be extended in accordance
with the terms of such Security, or in the case of any Security which is convertible into or exchangeable for other securities
or property, impair the right to institute suit to enforce the right to convert or exchange such Security in accordance with its
terms, or

 

(2)         reduce
the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any
such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions
of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in Section 513 or 1006 of this Indenture,
or

 

(3)         make
any change that adversely affects the right, if any, to convert or exchange any Security for Common Shares or other securities
or property in accordance with its terms, or

 

(4)         modify
any of the provisions of this Section, Section 513 or Section 1006, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain
other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security
affected thereby.

 

A supplemental indenture which changes or
eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which shall have been included solely for the benefit of one or more
particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such
covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any
other series.

 

Anything in this Indenture to the contrary
notwithstanding, if more than one series of Securities is Outstanding, the Company shall be entitled to enter into a supplemental
indenture under this Section 902 with respect to any one or more series of Outstanding Securities without entering into a supplemental
indenture with respect to any other series of Outstanding Securities.

 

It shall not be necessary for any Act of
Holders of Securities under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be
sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

 

Section 903.           Execution
of Supplemental Indentures. As a condition to executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture
permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trust created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to
receive, and (subject to Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an
Officers’ Certificate to the effect that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this
Indenture and that such supplemental indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by, and is a valid, binding and
enforceable obligation of, the Company, subject to customary exceptions. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter
into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise.

 

Section 904.           Effect
of Supplemental Indentures. Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified
in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of a Security theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.

 

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Section 905.           Reference
in Securities to Supplemental Indentures. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental
indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as
to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified
as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by
the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

 

Section 906.           Conformity
with Trust Indenture Act. Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the requirements
of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

 

ARTICLE
Ten

COVENANTS

 

Section 1001.           Payment
of Principal, Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts. The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of
the Securities of each series that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of, any premium and interest on and any Additional
Amounts with respect to the Securities of such series, whether payable in cash, Common Shares or other securities or property,
in accordance with the terms thereof and this Indenture.

 

Section 1002.           Maintenance
of Office or Agency. The Company shall maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an Office or Agency where
Securities of such series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of such series may be surrendered for registration
of transfer or exchange, where Securities of such series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion
or exchange, and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such series relating thereto
and this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in
the location, of such Office or Agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Office or Agency or
shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations and surrenders may be made or served at the Corporate
Trust Office of the Trustee.

 

The Company may also from time to time designate
one or more other Offices or Agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or surrendered for any or all
such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or
rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain an Office or Agency in each Place of Payment
for Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation
or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other Office or Agency.

 

Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant
to this Indenture (including, without limitation, pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of any series), the Company
hereby designates the place where the Trustee shall from time to time maintain its Corporate Trust Office as the Company’s
Office or Agency for such purpose and initially appoints the Trustee as the Security Registrar for each series of Securities and,
if the Securities of any series are convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares or other securities or property, initially
appoints the Trustee as conversion or exchange agent, as the case may be, for the Securities of such series. The Company may subsequently
appoint a different or additional Office or Agency and, as provided in Section 305, may remove and replace from time to time the
Security Registrar.

 

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Section 1003.           Money
for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust. If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any
series of Securities, it shall, on or before each due date of the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts
with respect to any of the Securities of such series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto
a sum in the Currency or Currencies in which the Securities of such series are payable sufficient to pay the principal, any premium,
interest and Additional Amounts, as the case may be, so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise
disposed of as herein provided, and shall promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

 

Whenever the Company shall have one or more
Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it shall, on or prior to each due date of the principal of, or any premium or interest
on or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Securities of such series, deposit with any Paying Agent a sum (in the Currency
or Currencies described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay the principal, premium, interest and Additional Amounts,
as the case may be, so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto, and (unless
such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

 

The Company shall cause each Paying Agent
for any series of Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent
shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent shall:

 

(1)          hold
all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities
of such series in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise
disposed of as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture;

 

(2)          give
the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of such series) in the making of any
payment of principal, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of such series; and

 

(3)          at
any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all
sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

 

To the extent that the terms of any Securities established pursuant
to Section 301 provide that any principal of, or premium or interest, if any, on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any
such Securities is or may be payable in Common Shares or other securities or property, then the provisions of this Section 1003
shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to such Common Shares or other securities or property.

 

The Company may at any time, for the purpose
of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying
Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon
the same terms as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying
Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such sums.

 

Subject to any applicable abandoned property
laws and except as otherwise provided herein or pursuant hereto, any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then
held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect
to any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal or such premium or interest or Additional
Amount shall have become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall
be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to
the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all
liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying
Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may, not later than 30 days after the Company’s request for such
repayment, at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper in each Place of Payment for such
series or to be mailed to Holders of Securities of such series, or both, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after
a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication or mailing nor shall it be earlier
than two years after such principal and any premium or interest or Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable, any unclaimed
balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

 

    	45

    	 

    

 

Section 1004.           Additional
Amounts. If any Securities of a series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts by the Company, the Company agrees to
pay to the Holder of any such Security Additional Amounts as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or such Securities. Whenever
in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on, or in respect
of, any Security of any series, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional Amounts provided by
the terms of such series established hereby or pursuant hereto to the extent that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were
or would be payable in respect thereof pursuant to such terms, and express mention of the payment of Additional Amounts (if applicable)
in any provision hereof shall not be construed as excluding Additional Amounts in those provisions hereof where such express mention
is not made.

 

Section 1005.           Legal
Existence. Subject to Article Eight, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in
full force and effect its legal existence as any type of Corporation (it being understood that nothing in this Section 1005 shall
prohibit the Company from changing its legal form from one type of Corporation to another type of Corporation).

 

Section 1006.           Waiver
of Certain Covenants. The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth
in Sections 801, 802, 1002, 1003 or 1005 with respect to the Securities of any series and, if expressly provided pursuant to Section
301 with respect to the Securities of such series, any additional covenants applicable to the Securities of such series if before
the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series,
by Act of such Holders, either shall waive such compliance in such instance or generally shall have waived compliance with such
term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent
so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee
in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

 

Section 1007.           Company
Statement as to Compliance. The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a
written statement (which need not be contained in or accompanied by an Officers’ Certificate) signed by the principal executive
officer, the principal financial officer or the principal accounting officer of the Company, stating whether or not, to the best
of his or her knowledge, the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions
of this Indenture (without regard to notice requirements or periods of grace) and if the Company shall be in default, specifying
all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of which he or she may have knowledge.

 

Section 1008.           Calculation
of Original Issue Discount. 

 

The Company shall deliver to the Trustee promptly at the end of each calendar year (i) a written
notice specifying the amount of original issue discount (including daily rates and accrual periods) accrued on Outstanding Securities
as of the end of such year and (ii) such other specific information relating to such original issue discount as may then be
relevant under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

 

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ARTICLE
Eleven

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

 

Section 1101.           Applicability
of Article. Redemption of Securities of any series at the option of the Company as permitted or required by the terms of such
Securities shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise provided herein or pursuant hereto)
this Article.

 

Section 1102.           Election
to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by or pursuant to a Board
Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of less than all of the Securities of any series, the Company
shall, at least 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the
Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and,
in the event that the Company shall determine that the Securities of any series to be redeemed shall be selected from Securities
of such series having the same issue date, interest rate or interest rate formula, Stated Maturity and other terms (the “Equivalent
Terms”), the Company shall notify the Trustee of such Equivalent Terms.

 

In the case of any redemption of Securities
(A) prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this
Indenture or (B) pursuant to an election of the Company which is subject to a condition specified in the terms of such Securities
or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate evidencing compliance with
such restriction or condition.

 

Section 1103.           Selection
by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed. If less than all of the Securities of any series are to be redeemed or if less than
all of the Securities of any series with Equivalent Terms are to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be
selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee from the Outstanding Securities of such series or from
the Outstanding Securities of such series with Equivalent Terms, as the case may be, not previously called for redemption, by such
method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions of the
principal amount of Securities of such series; provided, however, that no such partial redemption shall reduce the
portion of the principal amount of a Security of such series not redeemed to less than the minimum denomination for a Security
of such series established herein or pursuant hereto.

 

The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company
and the Security Registrar (if other than itself) in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any
Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

 

For all purposes of this Indenture, unless
the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Securities
redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.

 

Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant
to this Indenture or the Securities of any series or in a notice of redemption, if any Security selected for partial redemption
is converted or exchanged for Common Shares or other securities or property in part before termination of the conversion or exchange
right with respect to the portion of the Security so selected, the converted or exchanged portion of such Security shall be deemed
(so far as may be) to be the portion selected for redemption. Securities which have been converted or exchanged during a selection
of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated by the Trustee as Outstanding for the purpose of such selection.

 

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Section 1104.           Notice
of Redemption. Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in Section 106, not less than 30 nor more than 60
days prior to the Redemption Date, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed, to the Holders of Securities
to be redeemed. Failure to give notice by mailing in the manner herein provided to the Holder of any Securities designated for
redemption as a whole or in part, or any defect in the notice to any such Holder, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings
for the redemption of any other Securities or portions thereof.

 

Any notice that is mailed to the Holder
of any Securities in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not such Holder
receives the notice.

 

All notices of redemption shall state:

 

(1)          the
Redemption Date,

 

(2)          the
Redemption Price or, if applicable, the manner in which the Redemption Price will be determined,

 

(3)          if
less than all Outstanding Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption,
the principal amount) of the particular Security or Securities to be redeemed,

 

(4)          that,
in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder
of such Security will receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized denominations for the principal amount
thereof remaining unredeemed,

 

(5)          that,
on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price shall become due and payable upon each such Security or portion thereof to be redeemed,
(subject, if applicable, to the provisos to the first paragraph of Section 1106), and, if applicable, that interest thereon shall
cease to accrue on and after said date,

 

(6)          the
place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price,

 

(7)          that
the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case,

 

(8)          in
the case of Securities of any series that are convertible or exchangeable into Common Shares or other securities or property, the
then current conversion or exchange price or rate, the date or dates on which the right to convert or exchange the principal of
the Securities of such series to be redeemed will commence or terminate, as applicable, and the place or places where and the Persons
to whom such Securities may be surrendered for conversion or exchange,

 

(9)          the
CUSIP number of such Securities, if any, and

 

(10)        if
the Redemption Price or any portion thereof shall be payable, at the option of the Company, in cash or in Common Shares or other
securities or property (or a combination thereof), a statement as to whether the Company has elected to pay the Redemption Price
in cash or Common Shares or other securities or property or a combination thereof and, if applicable, the portion of the Redemption
Price that is to be paid in cash, Common Shares or other securities or property.

 

A notice of redemption published as contemplated
by Section 106 need not identify particular Securities to be redeemed.

 

Notice of redemption of Securities to be
redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s request, by the Trustee in the
name and at the expense of the Company, so long as the above information is provided to the Trustee at the time the notice is given
to the Trustee pursuant to Section 1102.

 

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Section 1105.           Deposit
of Redemption Price. On or prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit, with respect to the Securities of any series
called for redemption pursuant to Section 1104, with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own
Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of money in the applicable Currency or, if the
Redemption Price shall be payable in cash, securities and/or other property, an amount of money in the applicable Currency, securities
and/or other property, as the case may be, sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of all such Securities or portions thereof which
are to be redeemed on that date, except that, if the Securities of such series are convertible or exchangeable into Common Shares
or other securities or property, no such deposit shall be required (unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 with respect
to the Securities of such series) with respect to any such Securities (or portions thereof) which have been converted or exchanged
prior to such Redemption Date.

 

Section 1106.           Securities
Payable on Redemption Date. Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed (except,
in the case of Securities which are convertible or exchangeable into Common Shares or other securities or property, any such Securities
which shall have been so converted or exchanged prior to the applicable Redemption Date) shall, on the Redemption Date, become
due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the
payment of the Redemption Price) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption
in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price; provided, however,
that, except as otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities of such series, installments of interest
on Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or
one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the Regular Record Dates therefor according
to their terms and the provisions of Section 307.

 

If any Security called for redemption shall
not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium, until paid, shall bear interest from the Redemption
Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the Security or, if no rate is prescribed therefor in the Security, at the rate of interest,
if any, borne by such Security.

 

Section 1107.           Securities
Redeemed in Part. Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at any Office or Agency for such Security
(with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory
to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing) and the Company
shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security
or Securities of the same series, containing identical terms and provisions, of any authorized denomination as requested by such
Holder in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered.
If a Security in global form is so surrendered, the Company shall, if so requested by the Trustee, execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver to the Depository for such Security in global form as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect
thereto to the Trustee, without service charge, a new Security in global form in a denomination equal to and in exchange for the
unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security in global form so surrendered.

 

ARTICLE
Twelve

SINKING FUNDS

 

Section 1201.           Applicability
of Article. The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series,
except as otherwise permitted or required in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security of such series issued pursuant to this
Indenture.

 

The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment
provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment”,
and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such series is herein referred to as
an “optional sinking fund payment”. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any
sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the
redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series and this Indenture.

 

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Section 1202.           Satisfaction
of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities. The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with
respect to the Securities of any series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver Outstanding Securities
of such series (other than any of such Securities previously called for redemption or any of such Securities in respect of which
cash shall have been released to the Company), and (2) apply as a credit Securities of such series which have been redeemed either
at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such series of Securities or through the application of permitted optional
sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited.
Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities
for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.
If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities of any series in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 1202, the
principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than
$100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such series for redemption, except upon Company Request, and such cash payment
shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that
the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall at the request of the Company from time to time pay over and deliver to the Company any
cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that
series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment requested to be released to the Company.

 

Section 1203.           Redemption
of Securities for Sinking Fund. Not less than 75 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities,
the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking
fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment
of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that series pursuant
to Section 1202, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and will
also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so credited and not theretofore delivered. If such Officers’ Certificate
shall specify an optional amount to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, the Company shall thereupon
be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 60 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee
shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and cause
notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section
1104. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated
in Sections 1106 and 1107.

 

ARTICLE
Thirteen

REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS

 

Section 1301.           Applicability
of Article. Securities of any series which are repayable at the option of the Holders thereof before their Stated Maturity
shall be repaid in accordance with the terms of the Securities of such series. The repayment of any principal amount of Securities
pursuant to such option of the Holder to require repayment of Securities before their Stated Maturity, for purposes of Section
309, shall not operate as a payment, redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until
the Company, at its option, shall deliver or surrender the same to the Trustee with a directive that such Securities be cancelled.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 1301, in connection with any repayment of Securities, the Company
may arrange for the purchase of any Securities by an agreement with one or more investment bankers or other purchasers to purchase
such Securities by paying to the Holders of such Securities on or before the applicable repayment date an amount not less than
the repayment price payable by the Company on repayment of such Securities, and the obligation of the Company to pay the repayment
price of such Securities shall be satisfied and discharged to the extent such payment is so paid by such purchasers.

 

Unless otherwise expressly stated in this
Indenture or pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of any series or unless the context otherwise requires, all
references in this Indenture to the repayment of Securities at the option of the Holders thereof (and all references of like import)
shall be deemed to include a reference to the repurchase or redemption of Securities at the option of the Holders thereof.

 

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ARTICLE
Fourteen

SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES

 

Section 1401.           Applicability
of Article. Whenever this Indenture provides for (i) any action by, or the determination of any of the rights of, Holders of
Securities of any series in which not all of such Securities are denominated in the same Currency or (ii) any distribution to Holders
of Securities of any series in which not all of such Securities are denominated in the same Currency, in the absence of any provision
to the contrary in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities of such series, any amount in respect of any Security denominated
in a Currency other than Dollars shall be treated for any such action, determination or distribution as that amount of Dollars
that could be obtained for such amount on such reasonable basis of exchange and as of the record date with respect to Securities
of such series (if any) for such action, determination or distribution (or, if there shall be no applicable record date, such other
date reasonably proximate to the date of such distribution) as the Company may specify in a written notice to the Trustee.

 

ARTICLE
Fifteen

SECURITY

 

Section 1501.           Security.
If so provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of such series may be secured
by such property, assets or other collateral as may be specified in or pursuant to Section 301. Any and all terms and provisions
applicable to the security for the Securities of such series shall also be provided in or pursuant to Section 301, which may include,
without limitation, provisions for the execution and delivery of such security agreements, pledge agreements, collateral agreements
and other similar or related agreements as the Company may elect and which may provide for the Trustee to act as collateral agent
or in a similar or other capacity. The Trustee shall comply with Sections 313(a)(5) and (6) and 313(b)(1) of the Trust Indenture
Act and the Company shall comply with Sections 314(b), 314(c) and 314(d) of the Trust Indenture Act, in each case in respect of
any secured Securities that may be outstanding hereunder from time to time.

 

* * * * *

 

This instrument may be executed in any number
of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute
but one and the same instrument.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have
caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

 

	 	MFA FINANCIAL, INC.
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Name:  
	 	 	Title:  
	 	 	 
	 	WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as      Trustee
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Name:  
	 	 	Title:  

 

    	51

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