Document:

Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement

 Exhibit 10.60 
 SECOND AMENDMENT 
 TO 
 LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT 
 THIS SECOND AMENDMENT to Loan and Security
Agreement (this “Amendment”) is entered into this 29th day of August, 2006, by and between Silicon Valley Bank (“Bank”) and Nuvelo, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Borrower”) whose address is 201 Industrial Road, Suite
310, San Carlos, CA 94070-6211. 
 RECITALS 
 A. Bank and Borrower have entered into that certain Loan and Security Agreement dated as of August 31, 2004, as amended by that certain First
Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement by and between Bank and Borrower dated as of July 18, 2005 (as the same may from time to time be further amended, modified, supplemented or restated, the “Loan Agreement”). 
 B. Bank has extended credit to Borrower for the purposes permitted in the Loan Agreement. 
 C. Borrower has requested that Bank amend the Loan Agreement to (i) extend the Revolving Maturity Date, and (ii) make certain other
revisions to the Loan Agreement as more fully set forth herein. 
 D. Bank has agreed to so amend certain provisions of the Loan
Agreement, but only to the extent, in accordance with the terms, subject to the conditions and in reliance upon the representations and warranties set forth below. 
 AGREEMENT 
 NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of the foregoing recitals and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which is hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound, the parties hereto agree as follows: 
 1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Amendment shall have the meanings given to them in the Loan Agreement. 

2. Amendments to Loan Agreement. 
 2.1 Section 2.1.1 (Revolving Advances). The first sentence of Section 2.1.1(b) is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following: 
 (b) Pursuant to the terms of Section 2.5(a), interest on each Advance shall be paid in arrears on the 28th of each month. 
 2.2 Section 13 (Definitions). The following term and its respective definition set forth in Section 13.1 is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following: 
 “Revolving Maturity Date” is August 28, 2007. 

 3. Limitation of Amendments. 
 3.1 The amendments set forth in Section 2, above, are effective for the purposes set forth herein and shall be limited precisely as
written and shall not be deemed to (a) be a consent to any amendment, waiver or modification of any other term or condition of any Loan Document, or (b) otherwise prejudice any right or remedy which Bank may now have or may have in the
future under or in connection with any Loan Document. 
 3.2 This Amendment shall be construed in connection with and as part of the
Loan Documents and all terms, conditions, representations, warranties, covenants and agreements set forth in the Loan Documents, except as herein amended, are hereby ratified and confirmed and shall remain in full force and effect. 
 4. Representations and Warranties. To induce Bank to enter into this Amendment, Borrower hereby represents and warrants to Bank as follows:

 4.1 Immediately after giving effect to this Amendment (a) the representations and warranties contained in the Loan Documents
are true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of the date hereof (except to the extent such representations and warranties relate to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct as of such date), and (b) no Event of
Default has occurred and is continuing; 
 4.2 Borrower has the power and authority to execute and deliver this Amendment and to
perform its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment; 
 4.3 The organizational documents of Borrower
delivered to Bank on August 31, 2004 remain true, accurate and complete and have not been amended, supplemented or restated and are and continue to be in full force and effect; 
 4.4 The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Amendment and the performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as
amended by this Amendment, have been duly authorized; 
 4.5 The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Amendment and the
performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment, do not and will not contravene (a) any law or regulation binding on or affecting Borrower, (b) any contractual restriction with a Person
binding on Borrower, (c) any order, judgment or decree of any court or other governmental or public body or authority, or subdivision thereof, binding on Borrower, or (d) the organizational documents of Borrower; 
 4.6 The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Amendment and the performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as
amended by this Amendment, do not require any order, consent, approval, license, authorization or validation of, or filing, recording or registration with, or exemption by any governmental or public body or authority, or subdivision thereof, binding
on either Borrower, except as already has been obtained or made; and 

 4.7 This Amendment has been duly executed and delivered by Borrower and is the binding obligation
of Borrower, enforceable against Borrower in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, liquidation, moratorium or other similar laws of general application and equitable
principles relating to or affecting creditors’ rights. 
 5. Integration. This Amendment and the Loan Documents represent the
entire agreement about this subject matter and supersede prior negotiations or agreements. All prior agreements, understandings, representations, warranties, and negotiations between the parties about the subject matter of this Amendment and the
Loan Documents merge into this Amendment and the Loan Documents. 
 6. Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in any
number of counterparts and all of such counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument. 
 7.
Effectiveness. This Amendment shall be deemed effective upon the due execution and delivery to Bank of this Amendment by each party hereto. 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first written above. 
  

									
	BANK	 		 	BORROWER
			
	Silicon Valley Bank	 		 	Nuvelo, Inc.
					
	By:	 	 /s/ Liam Fairbairn
	 		 	By:	 	 /s/ H. Ward Wolff

	Name:	 	Liam Fairbairn	 		 	Name:	 	H. Ward Wolff
	Title:	 	Relationship Manager	 		 	Title:	 	SVP-Finance & CFOIndenture, governing the 8 3/4% Senior Notes

 Exhibit 4.1 
  

  
 INDENTURE 
  
 Dated as of June 1, 2006 
  
 Among 
  
 EDUCATION MANAGEMENT LLC, 
  
 EDUCATION MANAGEMENT FINANCE CORP., 
  
 THE GUARANTORS NAMED ON THE SIGNATURE PAGES HERETO 
  
 and 
  
 THE BANK OF NEW YORK, 
 as Trustee 
  
 8 3/4% SENIOR NOTES DUE 2014 
  

 CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE* 
  

			
	 Trust Indenture Act Section
	  	Indenture Section
	 310(a)(1)
	  	7.10
	       (a)(2)
	  	7.10
	       (a)(3)
	  	N.A.
	       (a)(4)
	  	N.A.
	       (a)(5)
	  	7.10
	       (b)
	  	7.10
	       (c)
	  	N.A.
	 311(a)
	  	7.11
	       (b)
	  	7.11
	       (c)
	  	N.A.
	 312(a)
	  	2.05
	       (b)
	  	12.03
	       (c)
	  	12.03
	 313(a)
	  	7.06
	       (b)(1)
	  	N.A.
	       (b)(2)
	  	7.06;7.07
	       (c)
	  	7.06; 12.02
	       (d)
	  	7.06
	 314(a)
	  	4.03; 12.02; 12.05
	       (b)
	  	N.A.
	       (c)(1)
	  	12.04
	       (c)(2)
	  	12.04
	       (c)(3)
	  	N.A.
	       (d)
	  	N.A.
	       (e)
	  	12.05
	       (f)
	  	N.A.
	 315(a)
	  	7.01
	       (b)
	  	7.05; 12.02
	       (c)
	  	7.01
	       (d)
	  	7.01
	       (e)
	  	6.14
	 316(a)(last sentence)
	  	2.09
	       (a)(1)(A)
	  	6.05
	       (a)(1)(B)
	  	6.04
	       (a)(2)
	  	N.A.
	       (b)
	  	6.07
	       (c)
	  	2.12; 9.04
	 317(a)(1)
	  	6.08
	       (a)(2)
	  	6.12
	       (b)
	  	2.04
	 318(a)
	  	12.01
	       (b)
	  	N.A.
	       (c)
	  	12.01

  
 N.A.
means not applicable. 
  

	*	 	This Cross-Reference Table is not part of the Indenture. 

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 
  

			
	 	  	PAGE
	ARTICLE 1
	DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
		
	 Section 1.01. Definitions
	  	1
	 Section 1.02. Other Definitions
	  	34
	 Section 1.03. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act
	  	35
	 Section 1.04. Rules of Construction
	  	35
	 Section 1.05. Acts of Holders
	  	36
	
	ARTICLE 2
	THE NOTES
		
	 Section 2.01. Form and Dating; Terms
	  	37
	 Section 2.02. Execution and Authentication
	  	39
	 Section 2.03. Registrar and Paying Agent
	  	40
	 Section 2.04. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust
	  	40
	 Section 2.05. Holder Lists
	  	41
	 Section 2.06. Transfer and Exchange
	  	41
	 Section 2.07. Replacement Notes
	  	56
	 Section 2.08. Outstanding Notes
	  	56
	 Section 2.09. Treasury Notes
	  	57
	 Section 2.10. Temporary Notes
	  	57
	 Section 2.11. Cancellation
	  	57
	 Section 2.12. Defaulted Interest
	  	57
	 Section 2.13. CUSIP Numbers
	  	58
	
	ARTICLE 3
	REDEMPTION
		
	 Section 3.01. Notices to Trustee
	  	58
	 Section 3.02. Selection of Notes to Be Redeemed or Purchased
	  	58
	 Section 3.03. Notice of Redemption
	  	59
	 Section 3.04. Effect of Notice of Redemption
	  	60
	 Section 3.05. Deposit of Redemption or Purchase Price
	  	60
	 Section 3.06. Notes Redeemed or Purchased in Part
	  	61
	 Section 3.07. Optional Redemption
	  	61
	 Section 3.08. Mandatory Redemption
	  	62
	 Section 3.09. Offers to Repurchase by Application of Excess Proceeds
	  	62
	
	ARTICLE 4
	COVENANTS
		
	 Section 4.01. Payment of Notes
	  	64
	 Section 4.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency
	  	65

  

 i 

			
	 Section 4.03. Reports and Other Information
	  	65
	 Section 4.04. Compliance Certificate
	  	67
	 Section 4.05. Taxes
	  	67
	 Section 4.06. Stay, Extension and Usury Laws
	  	67
	 Section 4.07. Limitation on Restricted Payments
	  	68
	 Section 4.08. Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Restricted Subsidiaries
	  	76
	 Section 4.09. Limitation on Incurrence of Indebtedness and Issuance of Disqualified Stock and Preferred Stock
	  	78
	 Section 4.10. Asset Sales
	  	84
	 Section 4.11. Transactions with Affiliates
	  	87
	 Section 4.12. Liens
	  	90
	 Section 4.13. Corporate Existence
	  	90
	 Section 4.14. Offer to Repurchase Upon Change of Control
	  	91
	 Section 4.15. Limitation on Guarantees of Indebtedness by Restricted Subsidiaries
	  	93
	 Section 4.16. Discharge and Suspension of Covenants
	  	93
	 Section 4.17. Limitation on Activities of the Co-Issuer
	  	94
	
	ARTICLE 5
	SUCCESSORS
		
	 Section 5.01. Merger, Consolidation or Sale of All or Substantially All Assets
	  	94
	 Section 5.02. Successor Substituted
	  	97
	
	ARTICLE 6
	DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
		
	 Section 6.01. Events of Default
	  	97
	 Section 6.02. Acceleration
	  	100
	 Section 6.03. Other Remedies
	  	101
	 Section 6.04. Waiver of Past Defaults
	  	101
	 Section 6.05. Control by Majority
	  	101
	 Section 6.06. Limitation on Suits
	  	101
	 Section 6.07. Rights of Holders of Notes to Receive Payment
	  	102
	 Section 6.08. Collection Suit by Trustee
	  	102
	 Section 6.09. Restoration of Rights and Remedies
	  	102
	 Section 6.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative
	  	102
	 Section 6.11. Delay or Omission Not Waiver
	  	103
	 Section 6.12. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim
	  	103
	 Section 6.13. Priorities
	  	103
	 Section 6.14. Undertaking for Costs
	  	104
	
	ARTICLE 7
	TRUSTEE
		
	 Section 7.01. Duties of Trustee
	  	104

  

 ii 

			
	 Section 7.02. Rights of Trustee
	  	105
	 Section 7.03. Individual Rights of Trustee
	  	107
	 Section 7.04. Trustee’s Disclaimer
	  	107
	 Section 7.05. Notice of Defaults
	  	107
	 Section 7.06. Reports by Trustee to Holders of the Notes
	  	107
	 Section 7.07. Compensation and Indemnity
	  	108
	 Section 7.08. Replacement of Trustee
	  	109
	 Section 7.09. Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc.
	  	110
	 Section 7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification
	  	110
	 Section 7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Issuers
	  	110
	
	ARTICLE 8
	LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE
		
	 Section 8.01. Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance
	  	110
	 Section 8.02. Legal Defeasance and Discharge
	  	110
	 Section 8.03. Covenant Defeasance
	  	111
	 Section 8.04. Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance
	  	112
	 Section 8.05. Deposited Money and Government Securities to Be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions
	  	114
	 Section 8.06. Repayment to Issuers
	  	114
	 Section 8.07. Reinstatement
	  	114
	
	ARTICLE 9
	AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER
		
	 Section 9.01. Without Consent of Holders of Notes
	  	115
	 Section 9.02. With Consent of Holders of Notes
	  	116
	 Section 9.03. Compliance with Trust Indenture Act
	  	118
	 Section 9.04. Revocation and Effect of Consents
	  	118
	 Section 9.05. Notation on or Exchange of Notes
	  	118
	 Section 9.06. Trustee to Sign Amendments, Etc.
	  	119
	 Section 9.07. Payment for Consent
	  	119
	
	ARTICLE 10
	GUARANTEES
		
	 Section 10.01. Guarantee
	  	119
	 Section 10.02. Limitation on Guarantor Liability
	  	121
	 Section 10.03. Execution and Delivery
	  	122
	 Section 10.04. Subrogation
	  	122
	 Section 10.05. Benefits Acknowledged
	  	122
	 Section 10.06. Release of Guarantees
	  	122
	
	ARTICLE 11
	SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
		
	 Section 11.01. Satisfaction and Discharge
	  	123
	 Section 11.02. Application of Trust Money
	  	124

  

 iii 

			
	ARTICLE 12	  	
	MISCELLANEOUS	  	
		
	 Section 12.01. Trust Indenture Act Controls
	  	125
	 Section 12.02. Notices
	  	125
	 Section 12.03. Communication by Holders of Notes with Other Holders of Notes
	  	126
	 Section 12.04. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent
	  	126
	 Section 12.05. Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion
	  	126
	 Section 12.06. Rules by Trustee and Agents
	  	127
	 Section 12.07. No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders
	  	127
	 Section 12.08. Governing Law
	  	127
	 Section 12.09. Waiver of Jury Trial
	  	127
	 Section 12.10. Force Majeure
	  	127
	 Section 12.11. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements
	  	127
	 Section 12.12. Successors
	  	127
	 Section 12.13. Severability
	  	128
	 Section 12.14. Counterpart Originals
	  	128
	 Section 12.15. Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.
	  	128
	 Section 12.16. Qualification of Indenture
	  	128

  

			
	 EXHIBITS
	  	
		
	 Exhibit A
	  	Form of Note
	 Exhibit B
	  	Form of Certificate of Transfer
	 Exhibit C
	  	Form of Certificate of Exchange
	 Exhibit D
	  	Form of Supplemental Indenture to Be Delivered by Subsequent Guarantors

  

 iv 

 INDENTURE, dated as of June 1, 2006, among Education Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability
company (the “Company”), Education Management Finance Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Co-Issuer” and, together with the Company, the “Issuers”) the Guarantors (as defined herein) listed on the
signature pages hereto and The Bank of New York, a New York banking corporation, as Trustee (the “Trustee”). 
  
 WITNESSETH 
  
 WHEREAS, the Issuers have duly authorized the creation of an issue of $375,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 8 3/4% Senior Notes due 2014 (the
“Initial Notes”); 
  
 WHEREAS, each of the
Issuers and each of the Guarantors has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture. 
  
 NOW, THEREFORE, the Issuers, the Guarantors and the Trustee agree as follows for the benefit of each other and for the equal and ratable benefit of the
Holders of the Notes. 
  
 ARTICLE 1 
 DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
  
 Section 1.01 . Definitions. 
  
 “144A Global Note” means a Global Note substantially in the
form of Exhibit A hereto, bearing the Global Note Legend and the Private Placement Legend and deposited with or on behalf of, and registered in the name of, the Depositary or its nominee that will be issued in a denomination equal to the outstanding
principal amount of the Notes sold in reliance on Rule 144A. 
  
 “Acquired Indebtedness” means, with respect to any specified Person, 
  
 (1) Indebtedness of any other Person existing at the time such other Person is merged with or into or became a Restricted Subsidiary of
such specified Person, including Indebtedness incurred in connection with, or in contemplation of, such other Person merging with or into or becoming a Restricted Subsidiary of such specified Person, and 
  
 (2) Indebtedness secured by a Lien encumbering any asset
acquired by such specified Person. 
  
 “Acquisition” means the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Agreement. 
  
 “Additional Interest” means all additional interest then owing pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement. 

 “Additional Notes” means additional Notes (other than the Initial Notes and other than
Exchange Notes for such Initial Notes) issued from time to time under this Indenture in accordance with Sections 2.01 and 4.09 hereof. 
  
 “Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or
indirect common control with such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with”),
as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or
otherwise. 
  
 “Agent” means any Registrar or
Paying Agent. 
  
 “Applicable Premium” means,
with respect to any Note on any Redemption Date, the greater of: 
  
 (1) 1.0% of the principal amount of such Note; and 
  
 (2) the excess, if any, of (a) the present value at such Redemption Date of (i) the redemption price of such Note at
June 1, 2010 (each such redemption price being set forth in Section 3.07 hereof), plus (ii) all required interest payments due on such Note through June 1, 2010 (excluding accrued but unpaid interest to the Redemption Date),
computed using a discount rate equal to the Treasury Rate as of such Redemption Date plus 50 basis points; over (b) the principal amount of such Note. 
  
 “Applicable Procedures” means, with respect to any transfer or exchange of or for beneficial interests in any Global Note, the rules and
procedures of the Depositary, Euroclear and/or Clearstream that apply to such transfer or exchange. 
  
 “Asset Sale” means: 
  
 (1) the sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, whether in a single transaction or a series of related transactions, of property
or assets (including by way of a Sale and Lease Back Transaction) of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (each referred to in this definition as a “disposition”); or 
  
 (2) the issuance or sale of Equity Interests of any
Restricted Subsidiary (other than Preferred Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries issued in compliance with Section 4.09), whether in a single transaction or a series of related transactions; 
  

 2 

 in each case, other than: 
  
 (a) any disposition of Cash Equivalents or obsolete or worn out equipment in the ordinary course of business
or any disposition of inventory or goods (or other assets) held for sale in the ordinary course of business; 
  
 (b) the disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in a manner permitted pursuant to the provisions described
under Section 5.01(a) hereof or any disposition that constitutes a Change of Control pursuant to this Indenture; 
  
 (c) the making of any Restricted Payment or Permitted Investment that is permitted to be made, and is made, under Section 4.07
hereof; 
  
 (d) any disposition of assets or
issuance or sale of Equity Interests of any Restricted Subsidiary in any transaction or series of transactions with an aggregate fair market value of less than $10.0 million; 
  
 (e) any disposition of property or assets or issuance of securities by a Restricted Subsidiary of the
Company to the Company or by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company to another Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; 
  
 (f) to the extent allowable under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, any exchange of like property (excluding any
boot thereon) for use in a Similar Business; 
  
 (g) the lease, assignment or sub lease of any real or personal property in the ordinary course of business; 
  
 (h) any issuance or sale of Equity Interests in, or Indebtedness or other securities of, an Unrestricted Subsidiary; 
  
 (i) foreclosures on assets; and 
  
 (j) any financing transaction with respect to property built
or acquired by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary after the Issue Date, including Sale and Lease Back Transactions and asset securitizations permitted by this Indenture. 
  
 “Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

  
 “Broker-Dealer” has the meaning set forth in
the Registration Rights Agreement. 
  

 3 

 “Business Day” means each day which is not a Legal Holiday. 
  
 “Capital Stock” means: 
  
 (1) in the case of a corporation, corporate stock;

  
 (2) in the case of an association or business
entity, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock; 
  
 (3) in the case of a partnership or limited liability company, partnership or membership interests (whether general or limited); and

  
 (4) any other interest or participation that
confers on a Person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person. 
  
 “Capitalized Lease Obligation” means, at the time any determination thereof is to be made, the amount of the liability in respect of a
capital lease that would at such time be required to be capitalized and reflected as a liability on a balance sheet (excluding the footnotes thereto) in accordance with GAAP. 
  
 “Cash Equivalents” means: 
  
 (1) United States dollars; 
  
 (2) such local currencies held by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary from time to time in the ordinary
course of business; 
  
 (3) securities issued or
directly and fully and unconditionally guaranteed or insured by the U.S. government (or any agency or instrumentality thereof the securities of which are unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation of such government), with
maturities of 24 months or less from the date of acquisition; 
  
 (4) certificates of deposit, time deposits and eurodollar time deposits with maturities of one year or less from the date of acquisition, bankers’ acceptances with maturities not exceeding one year and overnight
bank deposits, in each case with any commercial bank having capital and surplus of not less than $500.0 million in the case of U.S. banks and $100.0 million (or the U.S. dollar equivalent as of the date of determination) in the case of non U.S.
banks; 
  
 (5) repurchase obligations for
underlying securities of the types described in clauses (3) and (4) entered into with any financial institution meeting the qualifications specified in clause (4) above; 
  

 4 

 (6) commercial paper rated at least P 1 by Moody’s or at least A 1 by S&P and in
each case maturing within 24 months after the date of creation thereof; 
  
 (7) marketable short term money market and similar securities having a rating of at least P 2 or A 2 from either Moody’s or S&P, respectively (or, if at any time neither Moody’s nor S&P shall be
rating such obligations, an equivalent rating from another Rating Agency) and in each case maturing within 24 months after the date of creation thereof; 
  
 (8) investment funds investing 95% of their assets in securities of the types described in clauses (1) through (7) above;

  
 (9) readily marketable direct obligations
issued by any state, commonwealth or territory of the United States or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof having an Investment Grade Rating from either Moody’s or S&P with maturities of 24 months or less from the date of
acquisition; 
  
 (10) Indebtedness or Preferred
Stock issued by Persons with a rating of “A” or higher from S&P or “A2” or higher from Moody’s with maturities of 24 months or less from the date of acquisition; and 
  
 (11) Investments with average maturities of 24 months or
less from the date of acquisition in money market funds rated AAA- (or the equivalent thereof) or better by S&P or Aaa3 (or the equivalent thereof) or better by Moody’s. 
  
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, Cash Equivalents shall include amounts denominated in currencies other than those set forth
in clauses (1) and (2) above, provided that such amounts are converted into any currency listed in clauses (1) and (2) as promptly as practicable and in any event within ten Business Days following the receipt of such
amounts. 
  
 “Change of Control” means the
occurrence of any of the following: 
  
 (1) the
sale, lease or transfer, in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any Person other than a Permitted Holder; or 
  
 (2) the Company becomes aware of (by way of a report or any
other filing pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, proxy, vote, written notice or otherwise) the acquisition by any Person or group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or Section 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act, or any
successor provision), including any group acting for the purpose of acquiring, holding or disposing of securities (within the meaning of Rule 13d 5(b)(1) under the Exchange Act), other than the Permitted Holders, in 

  

 5 

 
a single transaction or in a related series of transactions, by way of merger, consolidation or other business combination or purchase of beneficial
ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d 3 under the Exchange Act, or any successor provision) of 50% or more of the total voting power of the Voting Stock of the Company or any of its direct or indirect parent companies holding directly or
indirectly 100% of the total voting power of the Voting Stock of the Company. 
  
 “Clearstream” means Clearstream Banking, Société Anonyme. 
  
 “Company” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereto; provided that when used in the context of determining the fair market value
of an asset or liability under this Indenture, “Company” shall be deemed to mean the board of directors of the Company when the fair market value is equal to or in excess of $50.0 million (unless otherwise expressly stated).

  
 “Consolidated Depreciation and Amortization
Expense” means with respect to any Person for any period, the total amount of depreciation and amortization expense, including the amortization of deferred financing fees of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period on a
consolidated basis and otherwise determined in accordance with GAAP. 
  
 “Consolidated Interest Expense” means, with respect to any Person for any period, without duplication, the sum of: 
  
 (1) consolidated interest expense of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, to the extent such expense was deducted
(and not added back) in computing Consolidated Net Income (including (a) amortization of original issue discount resulting from the issuance of Indebtedness at less than par, (b) all commissions, discounts and other fees and charges owed
with respect to letters of credit or bankers acceptances, (c) non cash interest payments (but excluding any non cash interest expense attributable to the movement in the mark to market valuation of Hedging Obligations or other derivative
instruments pursuant to GAAP), (d) the interest component of Capitalized Lease Obligations, and (e) net payments, if any, pursuant to interest rate Hedging Obligations with respect to Indebtedness, and excluding (v) accretion or
accrual of discounted liabilities not constituting Indebtedness, (w) any expense resulting from the discounting of any Indebtedness in connection with the application of purchase accounting in connection with any acquisition, (x) any
Additional Interest with respect to the Notes or the Senior Notes (as hereinafter defined), (y) amortization of deferred financing fees, debt issuance costs, commissions, fees and expenses and (z) any expensing of bridge, commitment and
other financing fees; plus 
  
 (2) consolidated
capitalized interest of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, whether paid or accrued; less 
  
 (3) interest income for such period. 
  

 6 

 For purposes of this definition, interest on a Capitalized Lease Obligation shall be deemed to accrue at
an interest rate reasonably determined by such Person to be the rate of interest implicit in such Capitalized Lease Obligation in accordance with GAAP. 
  
 “Consolidated Net Income” means, with respect to any Person for any period, the aggregate of the Net Income, of such Person and its
Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, on a consolidated basis, and otherwise determined in accordance with GAAP; provided, however, that, without duplication, 
  
 (1) any after tax effect of extraordinary, non recurring or unusual gains or losses (less all fees and
expenses relating thereto) or expenses (including relating to the Transaction to the extent incurred on or prior to June 30, 2007), severance, relocation costs and curtailments or modifications to pension and post-retirement employee benefit
plans and other restructuring costs shall be excluded, 
  
 (2) the Net Income for such period shall not include the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles during such period, 
  
 (3) any after tax effect of income (loss) from disposed or discontinued operations and any net after tax gains or losses on disposal of
disposed, abandoned or discontinued operations shall be excluded, 
  
 (4) any after tax effect of gains or losses (less all fees and expenses relating thereto) attributable to asset dispositions other than in the ordinary course of business, as determined in good faith by the Company,
shall be excluded, 
  
 (5) the Net Income for
such period of any Person that is not a Subsidiary, or is an Unrestricted Subsidiary, or that is accounted for by the equity method of accounting, shall be excluded; provided that Consolidated Net Income of the Company shall be increased by the
amount of dividends or distributions or other payments that are actually paid in cash (or to the extent converted into cash) to the referent Person or a Restricted Subsidiary thereof in respect of such period, 
  
 (6) solely for the purpose of determining the amount
available for Restricted Payments under clause (iii)(a) of Section 4.07(a) hereof, the Net Income for such period of any Restricted Subsidiary (other than any Guarantor) shall be excluded if the declaration or payment of dividends or similar
distributions by that Restricted Subsidiary of its Net Income is not at the date of determination wholly permitted without any prior governmental approval (which has not been obtained) or, directly or indirectly, by the operation of the terms of its
charter or any agreement, instrument, judgment, decree, order, statute, rule, or governmental 

  

 7 

 
regulation applicable to that Restricted Subsidiary or its stockholders, unless such restriction with respect to the payment of dividends or similar
distributions has been legally waived, provided that Consolidated Net Income of the Company will be increased by the amount of dividends or other distributions or other payments actually paid in cash (or to the extent converted into cash) to the
Company or a Restricted Subsidiary thereof in respect of such period, to the extent not already included therein, 
  
 (7) effects of adjustments (including the effects of such adjustments pushed down to the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries) in the
property and equipment, software and other intangible assets, deferred revenue and debt line items in such Person’s consolidated financial statements pursuant to GAAP resulting from the application of purchase accounting in relation to the
Transaction or any consummated acquisition or the amortization or write-off of any amounts thereof, net of taxes, shall be excluded, 
  
 (8) any after tax effect of income (loss) from the early extinguishment of Indebtedness or Hedging Obligations or other derivative
instruments shall be excluded, 
  
 (9) any
impairment charge or asset write off, in each case, pursuant to GAAP and the amortization of intangibles arising pursuant to GAAP shall be excluded, 
  
 (10) any non cash compensation expense recorded from grants of stock appreciation or similar rights, stock options, restricted stock or
other rights shall be excluded, and 
  
 (11)
accruals and reserves that are established within twelve months after the Issue Date that are so required to be established as a result of the Transaction in accordance with GAAP shall be excluded. 
  
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the purpose of Section 4.07 hereof
only (other than clause (iii)(d) of Section 4.07(a) hereof), there shall be excluded from Consolidated Net Income any income arising from any sale or other disposition of Restricted Investments made by the Company and its Restricted
Subsidiaries, any repurchases and redemptions of Restricted Investments from the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, any repayments of loans and advances which constitute Restricted Investments by the Company or any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries, any sale of the stock of an Unrestricted Subsidiary or any distribution or dividend from an Unrestricted Subsidiary, in each case only to the extent such amounts increase the amount of Restricted Payments permitted under clause
(iii)(d) of Section 4.07(a) hereof. 
  
 “Consolidated
Net Tangible Assets” means the total amount of assets (less applicable reserves and other properly deductible items) after deducting (i) all current liabilities (excluding the amount of those which are by their terms 

  

 8 

 
extendable or renewable at the option of the obligor to a date more than 12 months after the date as of which the amount is being determined) and
(2) all goodwill, tradenames, patents, unamortized debt discount and expense and other intangible assets, all as set forth on the most recent balance sheet of the Company and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries and determined in accordance
with GAAP. 
  
 “Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio”
as of any date of determination means, the ratio of (1) Consolidated Total Indebtedness of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries that is secured by Liens as of such date to (2) the Company’s EBITDA for the most recently ended
four full fiscal quarters for which internal financial statements are available immediately preceding the date on which such event for which such calculation is being made shall occur, in each case with such pro forma adjustments to
Consolidated Total Indebtedness and EBITDA as are appropriate and consistent with the pro forma adjustment provisions set forth in the definition of Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. 
  
 “Consolidated Total Indebtedness” means, as at any date of determination, an amount equal to the sum of
(1) the aggregate amount of all outstanding Indebtedness of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis consisting of Indebtedness for borrowed money, Obligations in respect of Capitalized Lease Obligations and debt
obligations evidenced by promissory notes and similar instruments (and any such Indebtedness of another Person guaranteed, or secured by a lien on any assets of, the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries) and (2) the aggregate amount of
all outstanding Disqualified Stock of the Company and all Preferred Stock of its Restricted Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, with the amount of such Disqualified Stock and Preferred Stock equal to the greater of their respective voluntary or
involuntary liquidation preferences and maximum fixed repurchase prices, in each case determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. For purposes hereof, the “maximum fixed repurchase price” of any Disqualified Stock or
Preferred Stock that does not have a fixed repurchase price shall be calculated in accordance with the terms of such Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock as if such Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock were purchased on any date on which
Consolidated Total Indebtedness shall be required to be determined pursuant to the Indenture, and if such price is based upon, or measured by, the fair market value of such Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock, such fair market value shall be
determined reasonably and in good faith by the Company. 
  
 “Contingent Obligations” means, with respect to any Person, any obligation of such Person guaranteeing any leases, dividends or other obligations that do not constitute Indebtedness (“primary obligations”)
of any other Person (the “primary obligor”) in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, including, without limitation, any obligation of such Person, whether or not contingent, 
  
 (1) to purchase any such primary obligation or any property
constituting direct or indirect security therefor, 
  

 9 

 (2) to advance or supply funds 
  
 (a) for the purchase or payment of any such primary
obligation, or 
  
 (b) to maintain working
capital or equity capital of the primary obligor or otherwise to maintain the net worth or solvency of the primary obligor, or 
  
 (3) to purchase property, securities or services primarily for the purpose of assuring the owner of any such primary obligation of the
ability of the primary obligor to make payment of such primary obligation against loss in respect thereof. 
  
 “Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee” shall be at the address of the Trustee specified in Section 12.02 hereof or such other
address as to which the Trustee may give notice to the Holders and the Issuers. 
  
 “Credit Facilities” means, with respect to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, one or more debt facilities, including the Senior Credit Facilities, or other financing arrangements
(including, without limitation, commercial paper facilities or indentures) providing for revolving credit loans, term loans, letters of credit or other long term indebtedness, including any notes, mortgages, guarantees, collateral documents,
instruments and agreements executed in connection therewith, and any amendments, supplements, modifications, extensions, renewals, restatements or refundings thereof and any indentures or credit facilities or commercial paper facilities that
replace, refund or refinance any part of the loans, notes, other credit facilities or commitments thereunder, including any such replacement, refunding or refinancing facility or indenture that increases the amount permitted to be borrowed
thereunder or alters the maturity thereof (provided that such increase in borrowings is permitted under Section 4.09 hereof) or adds Restricted Subsidiaries as additional borrowers or guarantors thereunder and whether by the same or any other
agent, lender or group of lenders. 
  
 “Custodian” means the Trustee, as custodian with respect to the Notes in global form, or any successor entity thereto. 
  
 “Default” means any event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default. 

 
 “Definitive Note” means a certificated Note registered in
the name of the Holder thereof and issued in accordance with Section 2.06(c) hereof, substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, except that such Note shall not bear the Global Note Legend and shall not have the “Schedule of
Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note” attached thereto. 
  

 10 

 “Depositary” means, with respect to the Notes issuable or issued in whole or in part in
global form, the Person specified in Section 2.03 hereof as the Depositary with respect to the Notes, and any and all successors thereto appointed as Depositary hereunder and having become such pursuant to the applicable provision of this
Indenture. 
  
 “Designated Non-cash
Consideration” means the fair market value of non-cash consideration received by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary in connection with an Asset Sale that is so designated as Designated Non-cash Consideration pursuant to an
Officer’s Certificate, setting forth the basis of such valuation, executed by the principal financial officer of the Company, less the amount of cash or Cash Equivalents received in connection with a subsequent sale of or collection on such
Designated Non-cash Consideration. 
  
 “Designated
Preferred Stock” means Preferred Stock of the Company or any parent company thereof (in each case other than Disqualified Stock) that is issued for cash (other than to a Restricted Subsidiary or an employee stock ownership plan or trust
established by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) and is so designated as Designated Preferred Stock, pursuant to an Officer’s Certificate executed by the principal financial officer of the Company or the applicable parent corporation
thereof, as the case may be, on the issuance date thereof, the cash proceeds of which are excluded from the calculation set forth in clause (iii) of Section 4.07(a) hereof. 
  
 “Disqualified Stock” means, with respect to any Person, any Capital Stock of such Person which, by its
terms, or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is putable or exchangeable, or upon the happening of any event, matures or is mandatorily redeemable (other than solely as a result of a change of control or asset
sale) pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise, or is redeemable at the option of the holder thereof (other than solely as a result of a change of control or asset sale), in whole or in part, in each case prior to the date 91 days after
the earlier of the maturity date of the Notes or the date the Notes are no longer outstanding; provided, however, that if such Capital Stock is issued to any plan for the benefit of employees of the Company or its Subsidiaries or by any such
plan to such employees, such Capital Stock shall not constitute Disqualified Stock solely because it may be required to be repurchased by the Company or its Subsidiaries in order to satisfy applicable statutory or regulatory obligations. 

 
 “EBITDA” means, with respect to any Person for any
period, the Consolidated Net Income of such Person for such period 
  
 (1) increased (without duplication) by: 
  
 (a) provision for taxes based on income or profits or capital, including, without limitation, state, franchise and similar taxes (such as the Pennsylvania capital tax) and foreign 

  

 11 

 
withholding taxes of such Person paid or accrued during such period deducted (and not added back) in computing Consolidated Net Income; plus

  
 (b) Fixed Charges of such Person for such
period (including (x) net losses or Hedging Obligations or other derivative instruments entered into for the purpose of hedging interest rate risk and (y) costs of surety bonds in connection with financing activities, in each case, to the
extent included in Fixed Charges) to the extent the same was deducted (and not added back) in calculating such Consolidated Net Income; plus 
  
 (c) Consolidated Depreciation and Amortization Expense of such Person for such period to the extent the same were deducted (and not added
back) in computing Consolidated Net Income; plus 
  
 (d) any expenses or charges (other than depreciation or amortization expense) related to any Equity Offering, Permitted Investment, acquisition, disposition, recapitalization or the incurrence of Indebtedness
permitted to be incurred by this Indenture (including a refinancing thereof) (whether or not successful), including (i) such fees, expenses or charges related to the offering of the Notes, the Senior Subordinated Notes and the Credit Facilities
and (ii) any amendment or other modification of the Notes or the Senior Subordinated Notes, and, in each case, deducted (and not added back) in computing Consolidated Net Income; plus 
  
 (e) the amount of any restructuring charge or reserve
deducted (and not added back) in such period in computing Consolidated Net Income, including any one time costs incurred in connection with acquisitions after the Issue Date and costs related to the closure and/or consolidation of facilities;
plus 
  
 (f) any other non cash charges,
including any write offs or write downs, reducing Consolidated Net Income for such period (other than any such non-cash charges that represent an accrual or reserve for potential cash items in any future period, and excluding amortization of a
prepaid cash item that was paid in a prior period); plus 
  
 (g) the amount of any minority interest expense consisting of Subsidiary income attributable to minority equity interests of third parties in any non-Wholly-Owned Subsidiary deducted (and not added back) in such
period in calculating Consolidated Net Income; plus 
  

 12 

 (h) the amount of management, monitoring, consulting and advisory fees and related
expenses paid in such period to the Investors to the extent otherwise permitted under clause (c) of Section 4.11 hereof; plus 
  
 (i) any costs or expense incurred by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary pursuant to any management equity plan or stock option plan or
any other management or employee benefit plan or agreement or any stock subscription or shareholder agreement reducing Consolidated Net Income, to the extent that such cost or expenses are funded with cash proceeds contributed to the capital of the
Company as equity (other than Disqualified Stock) or net cash proceeds of an issuance of Equity Interest of the Company (other than Disqualified Stock) solely to the extent that such net cash proceeds are excluded from the calculation set forth in
clause (iii) of Section 4.07(a) hereof and the calculation set forth in clause (xii) of Section 4.09(b) hereof; plus 
  
 (j) any fees and expenses incurred during such period, or any amortization thereof for such period, in connection with any acquisition,
disposition, Investment, Asset Sale, issuance or repayment of Indebtedness, issuance of Equity Interests, refinancing transaction or amendment or modification of any debt instrument (in each case, including any such transaction consummated prior to
the Issue Date and any such transaction undertaken but not completed) and any charges or non-recurring merger costs incurred during such period as a result of any such transaction shall be excluded; 
  
 (2) decreased by (without duplication) non cash gains
increasing Consolidated Net Income of such Person for such period, excluding any non-cash gains to the extent they represent the reversal of an accrual or reserve for a potential cash item that reduced EBITDA in any prior period, and 
  
 (3) increased or decreased by (without duplication):

  
 (a) any net gain or loss resulting in such
period from Hedging Obligations and the application of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133; plus or minus, as applicable, 
  
 (b) any net gain or loss resulting in such period from currency translation gains or losses related to currency remeasurements of
Indebtedness (including any net loss or gain resulting from hedge agreements for currency exchange risk). 
  
 “EMU” means economic and monetary union as contemplated in the Treaty on European Union. 
  

 13 

 “Equity Interests” means Capital Stock and all warrants, options or other rights to
acquire Capital Stock, but excluding any debt security that is convertible into, or exchangeable for, Capital Stock. 
  
 “Equity Offering” means any public or private sale of common stock or Preferred Stock (excluding Disqualified Stock) of the Company or
any of its direct or indirect parent companies to the extent contributed to the Company as common equity, other than: 
  
 (1) public offerings with respect to the Company’s or any direct or indirect parent company’s common stock registered on Form
S-8; 
  
 (2) issuances to any Subsidiary of the
Company; and 
  
 (3) any such public or private
sale that constitutes an Excluded Contribution. 
  
 “euro” means the single currency of participating member states of the EMU. 
  
 “Euroclear” means Euroclear S.A./N.V., as operator of the Euroclear system. 
  
 “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the
SEC promulgated thereunder. 
  
 “Exchange Notes”
means the Notes issued in the Exchange Offer pursuant to Section 2.06(f) hereof. 
  
 “Exchange Offer” has the meaning set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement. 
  
 “Exchange Offer Registration Statement” has the meaning set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement. 
  
 “Excluded Contribution” means net cash proceeds, marketable
securities or Qualified Proceeds received by the Company from 
  
 (1) contributions to its common equity capital, and 
  
 (2) the sale (other than to a Subsidiary of the Company or to any management equity plan or stock option plan or any other management or
employee benefit plan or agreement of the Company) of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock and Designated Preferred Stock) of the Company, 
  
 in each case designated as Excluded Contributions pursuant to an officer’s certificate executed by the principal financial officer of the Company on the date 

  

 14 

 
such capital contributions are made or the date such Equity Interests are sold, as the case may be, which are excluded from the calculation set forth in
clause (iii) of Section 4.07(a) hereof. 
  
 “Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio” means, with respect to any Person for any period, the ratio of EBITDA of such Person for such period to the Fixed Charges of such Person for such period. In the event that the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary incurs, assumes, guarantees, redeems, retires, defeases or extinguishes any Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness repaid under any revolving credit facility unless such Indebtedness has been permanently repaid and has not been
replaced) or issues or redeems Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock subsequent to the commencement of the period for which the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio is being calculated but prior to or simultaneously with the event for which the calculation
of the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio is made (the “Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio Calculation Date”), then the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio shall be calculated giving pro forma effect to such incurrence, assumption, guarantee,
redemption, retirement, defeasance or extinguishment of Indebtedness, or such issuance or redemption of Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock, as if the same had occurred at the beginning of the applicable four quarter period. 
  
 For purposes of making the computation referred to above, Investments,
acquisitions, dispositions, mergers, consolidations and disposed operations (as determined in accordance with GAAP) that have been made by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries during the four quarter reference period or subsequent to
such reference period and on or prior to or simultaneously with the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio Calculation Date shall be calculated on a pro forma basis assuming that all such Investments, acquisitions, dispositions, mergers, consolidations
and disposed operations (and the change in any associated fixed charge obligations and the change in EBITDA resulting therefrom) had occurred on the first day of the four quarter reference period. If since the beginning of such period any Person
that subsequently became a Restricted Subsidiary or was merged with or into the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries since the beginning of such period shall have made any Investment, acquisition, disposition, merger, consolidation or
disposed operation that would have required adjustment pursuant to this definition, then the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio shall be calculated giving pro forma effect thereto for such period as if such Investment, acquisition, disposition,
merger, consolidation or disposed operation had occurred at the beginning of the applicable four quarter period. 
  
 For purposes of this definition, whenever pro forma effect is to be given to a transaction, the pro forma calculations shall be made in good
faith by a responsible financial or accounting officer of the Company. If any Indebtedness bears a floating rate of interest and is being given pro forma effect, the interest on such Indebtedness shall be calculated as if the rate in effect
on the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio Calculation Date had been the applicable rate for the entire period (taking into account any Hedging Obligations applicable to such Indebtedness). Interest on a Capitalized Lease Obligation shall be deemed to
accrue at an interest 

  

 15 

 
rate reasonably determined by a responsible financial or accounting officer of the Company to be the rate of interest implicit in such Capitalized Lease
Obligation in accordance with GAAP. For purposes of making the computation referred to above, interest on any Indebtedness under a revolving credit facility computed on a pro forma basis shall be computed based upon the average daily balance
of such Indebtedness during the applicable period except as set forth in the first paragraph of this definition. Interest on Indebtedness that may optionally be determined at an interest rate based upon a factor of a prime or similar rate, a
eurocurrency interbank offered rate, or other rate, shall be deemed to have been based upon the rate actually chosen, or, if none, then based upon such optional rate chosen as the Company may designate. 
  
 “Fixed Charges” means, with respect to any Person for any
period, the sum of: 
  
 (1) Consolidated Interest
Expense of such Person for such period; 
  
 (2)
all cash dividends or other distributions paid (excluding items eliminated in consolidation) on any series of Preferred Stock during such period; and 
  
 (3) all dividends or other distributions accrued (excluding items eliminated in consolidation) on any series of Disqualified Stock during
such period. 
  
 “Foreign Subsidiary” means, with
respect to any Person, any Restricted Subsidiary of such Person that is not organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any State thereof, the District of Columbia, or any territory thereof and any Restricted Subsidiary of such
Foreign Subsidiary. 
  
 “GAAP” means generally
accepted accounting principles in the United States which are in effect on the Issue Date. 
  
 “Global Note Legend” means the legend set forth in Section 2.06(g)(ii) hereof, which is required to be placed on all Global Notes issued under this Indenture. 
  
 “Global Notes” means, individually and collectively, each of
the Restricted Global Notes and the Unrestricted Global Notes, substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, issued in accordance with Section 2.01, 2.06(b), 2.06(d) or 2.06(f) hereof. 
  
 “Government Securities” means securities that are:

  
 (1) direct obligations of the United States
of America for the timely payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged; or 
  

 16 

 (2) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or
instrumentality of the United States of America the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, 
  
 which, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuers thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt
issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act), as custodian with respect to any such Government Securities or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Government Securities held by such custodian for
the account of the holder of such depository receipt; provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received
by the custodian in respect of the Government Securities or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Government Securities evidenced by such depository receipt. 
  
 “guarantee” means a guarantee (other than by endorsement of negotiable instruments for collection in the
ordinary course of business), direct or indirect, in any manner (including letters of credit and reimbursement agreements in respect thereof), of all or any part of any Indebtedness or other obligations. 
  
 “Guarantee” means the guarantee by any Guarantor of the
Issuers’ Obligations under this Indenture. 
  
 “Guarantor” means, each Restricted Subsidiary that Guarantees the Notes in accordance with the terms of this Indenture. 
  
 “Hedging Obligations” means, with respect to any Person, the obligations of such Person under any interest rate swap agreement, interest
rate cap agreement, interest rate collar agreement, commodity swap agreement, commodity cap agreement, commodity collar agreement, foreign exchange contract, currency swap agreement or similar agreement providing for the transfer or mitigation of
interest rate or currency risks either generally or under specific contingencies. 
  
 “Holder” means the Person in whose name a Note is registered on the Registrar’s books. 
  
 “Indebtedness” means, with respect to any Person, without duplication: 
  
 (1) any indebtedness (including principal and premium) of such Person, whether or not contingent:

  
 (a) in respect of borrowed money; 

 
 (b) evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or similar
instruments or letters of credit or bankers’ acceptances (or, without duplication, reimbursement agreements in respect thereof); 
  

 17 

 (c) representing the balance deferred and unpaid of the purchase price of any property
(including Capitalized Lease Obligations), except (i) any such balance that constitutes a trade payable or similar obligation to a trade creditor, in each case accrued in the ordinary course of business and (ii) any earn-out obligations
until such obligation becomes a liability on the balance sheet of such Person in accordance with GAAP; or 
  
 (d) representing any Hedging Obligations; 
  
 if and to the extent that any of the foregoing Indebtedness (other than letters of credit and Hedging Obligations) would appear as a liability upon a balance sheet
(excluding the footnotes thereto) of such Person prepared in accordance with GAAP; 
  
 (2) to the extent not otherwise included, any obligation by such Person to be liable for, or to pay, as obligor, guarantor or otherwise,
on the obligations of the type referred to in clause (1) of a third Person (whether or not such items would appear upon the balance sheet of the such obligor or guarantor), other than by endorsement of negotiable instruments for collection in
the ordinary course of business; and 
  
 (3) to
the extent not otherwise included, the obligations of the type referred to in clause (1) of a third Person secured by a Lien on any asset owned by such first Person, whether or not such Indebtedness is assumed by such first Person; 

 
 provided, however, that notwithstanding the foregoing, Indebtedness shall be deemed
not to include Contingent Obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business. 
  
 “Indenture” means this Indenture, as amended or supplemented from time to time. 
  
 “Independent Financial Advisor” means an accounting, appraisal, investment banking firm or consultant to Persons engaged in Similar
Businesses of nationally recognized standing that is, in the good faith judgment of the Company, qualified to perform the task for which it has been engaged. 
  
 “Indirect Participant” means a Person who holds a beneficial interest in a Global Note through a Participant. 
  
 “Initial Notes” has the meaning set forth in the recitals
hereto. 
  
 “Initial Purchasers” means Credit
Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Goldman, Sachs & Co., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Banc of America Securities LLC. 
  

 18 

 “Interest Payment Date” means June 1 and December 1 of each year to stated
maturity. 
  
 “Investment Grade Rating” means a
rating equal to or higher than Baa3 (or the equivalent) by Moody’s and BBB (or the equivalent) by S&P, or an equivalent rating by any other Rating Agency. 
  
 “Investments” means, with respect to any Person, all investments by such Person in other Persons (including
Affiliates) in the form of loans (including guarantees), advances or capital contributions (excluding accounts receivable, trade credit, advances to customers, commission, travel and similar advances to officers and employees, in each case made in
the ordinary course of business), purchases or other acquisitions for consideration of Indebtedness, Equity Interests or other securities issued by any other Person and investments that are required by GAAP to be classified on the balance sheet
(excluding the footnotes) of the Company in the same manner as the other investments included in this definition to the extent such transactions involve the transfer of cash or other property. For purposes of the definition of “Unrestricted
Subsidiary” and Section 4.07 hereof: 
  
 (1) “Investments” shall include the portion (proportionate to the Company’s equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the fair market value of the net assets of a Subsidiary of the Company at the time that such Subsidiary
is designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that upon a redesignation of such Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary, the Company shall be deemed to continue to have a permanent “Investment” in an Unrestricted
Subsidiary in an amount (if positive) equal to: 
  
 (a) the Company’s “Investment” in such Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation; less 
  
 (b) the portion (proportionate to the Company’s Equity Interest in such Subsidiary) of the fair market value of the net assets of
such Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation; and 
  
 (2) any property transferred to or from an Unrestricted Subsidiary shall be valued at its fair market value at the time of such transfer, in each case as determined in good faith by the Company. 
  
 “Investors” means Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, Providence
Equity Partners, Inc. (and Leeds Equity Partners, if it exercises the option to purchase equity of the Company’s parent outstanding on the Issue Date) and each of their respective Affiliates but not including, however, any portfolio companies
of any of the foregoing. 
  
 “Issue Date” means
June 1, 2006. 
  
 “Issuers” has the meaning
set forth in the recitals hereto. 
  

 19 

 “Issuers’ Order” means a written request or order signed on behalf of each Issuer
by an Officer of such Issuer, who must be the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer, the treasurer or the principal accounting officer of such Issuer, and delivered to the Trustee. 
  
 “Legal Holiday” means a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which
commercial banking institutions are not required to be open in the State of New York. 
  
 “Letter of Transmittal” means the letter of transmittal to be prepared by the Issuers and sent to all Holders of the Notes for use by such Holders in connection with the Exchange Offer. 
  
 “Lien” means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, lien
(statutory or otherwise), pledge, hypothecation, charge, security interest, preference, priority or encumbrance of any kind in respect of such asset, whether or not filed, recorded or otherwise perfected under applicable law, including any
conditional sale or other title retention agreement, any lease in the nature thereof, any option or other agreement to sell or give a security interest in and any filing of or agreement to give any financing statement under the Uniform Commercial
Code (or equivalent statutes) of any jurisdiction; provided that in no event shall an operating lease be deemed to constitute a Lien. 
  
 “Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and any successor to its rating agency business. 
  
 “Net Income” means, with respect to any Person, the net
income (loss) of such Person, determined in accordance with GAAP and before any reduction in respect of Preferred Stock dividends. 
  
 “Net Proceeds” means the aggregate cash proceeds received by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in respect of any Asset
Sale, including any cash received upon the sale or other disposition of any Designated Non-cash Consideration received in any Asset Sale, net of the direct costs relating to such Asset Sale and the sale or disposition of such Designated Non-cash
Consideration, including legal, accounting and investment banking fees, and brokerage and sales commissions, any relocation expenses incurred as a result thereof, taxes paid or payable as a result thereof (after taking into account any available tax
credits or deductions and any tax sharing arrangements), amounts required to be applied to the repayment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on Secured Indebtedness required (other than required by clause (i) of Section 4.10(b)
hereof) to be paid as a result of such transaction and any deduction of appropriate amounts to be provided by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries as a reserve in accordance with GAAP against any liabilities associated with the asset
disposed of in such transaction and retained by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries after such sale or other disposition thereof, including pension and other post employment benefit liabilities and 

  

 20 

 
liabilities related to environmental matters or against any indemnification obligations associated with such transaction. 
  
 “Non-U.S. Person” means a Person who is not a U.S. Person.

  
 “Notes” means the Initial Notes and more
particularly means any Note authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. For all purposes of this Indenture, the term “Notes” shall also include any Additional Notes that may be issued under a supplemental indenture. For
purposes of this Indenture, all references to Notes to be issued or authenticated upon transfer, replacement or exchange shall be deemed to refer to Notes of the applicable series. 
  
 “Obligations” means any principal, interest (including any interest accruing subsequent to the filing of a
petition in bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding at the rate provided for in the documentation with respect thereto, whether or not such interest is an allowed claim under applicable state, federal or foreign law), penalties, fees,
indemnifications, reimbursements (including reimbursement obligations with respect to letters of credit and banker’s acceptances), damages and other liabilities, and guarantees of payment of such principal, interest, penalties, fees,
indemnifications, reimbursements, damages and other liabilities, payable under the documentation governing any Indebtedness. 
  
 “Offering Circular” means the offering circular, dated May 19, 2006, relating to the sale of the Initial Notes and the Senior
Subordinated Notes. 
  
 “Officer” means the
Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the President, any Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President or Vice President, the Treasurer or the Secretary of the applicable Issuer. 
  
 “Officer’s Certificate” means a certificate signed on
behalf of each Issuer by an Officer of such Issuer, who must be the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer, the treasurer or the principal accounting officer of such Issuer, that meets the requirements set forth in this
Indenture. 
  
 “Opinion of Counsel” means a
written opinion from legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Issuers or the Trustee. 
  
 “Participant” means, with respect to the Depositary, Euroclear or Clearstream, a Person who has an account with the Depositary, Euroclear
or Clearstream, respectively (and, with respect to DTC, shall include Euroclear and Clearstream). 
  
 “Permitted Asset Swap” means the concurrent purchase and sale or exchange of Related Business Assets or a combination of Related Business
Assets and cash or Cash Equivalents between the Company or any of its Restricted 

  

 21 

 
Subsidiaries and another Person; provided, that any cash or Cash Equivalents received must be applied in accordance with Section 4.10 hereof.

  
 “Permitted Holders” means each of the
Investors and members of management of the Company (or its direct parent) who are holders of Equity Interests of the Company (or any of its direct or indirect parent companies) on the Issue Date and any group (within the meaning of
Section 13(d)(3) or Section 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act or any successor provision) of which any of the foregoing are members; provided, that, in the case of such group and without giving effect to the existence of such group or
any other group, such Investors and members of management, collectively, have beneficial ownership of more than 50% of the total voting power of the Voting Stock of the Company or any of its direct or indirect parent companies. 
  
 “Permitted Investments” means: 
  
 (1) any Investment in the Company or any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries; 
  
 (2) any Investment in cash and
Cash Equivalents; 
  
 (3) any Investment by the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in a Person that is engaged in a Similar Business if as a result of such Investment: 
  
 (a) such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary; or 
  
 (b) such Person, in one transaction or a series of related transactions, is merged or consolidated with or
into, or transfers or conveys substantially all of its assets to, or is liquidated into, the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary, 
  
 and, in each case, any Investment held by such Person; provided, that such Investment was not acquired by such Person in contemplation of such
acquisition, merger, consolidation or transfer; 
  
 (4) any Investment in securities or other assets not constituting cash or Cash Equivalents and received in connection with an Asset Sale made pursuant to the provisions of Section 4.10 hereof or any other disposition of assets not
constituting an Asset Sale; 
  
 (5) any
Investment existing on the Issue Date; 
  
 (6)
any Investment acquired by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries: 
  
 (a) in exchange for any other Investment or accounts receivable held by the Company or any such Restricted Subsidiary 

  

 22 

 
in connection with or as a result of a bankruptcy, workout, reorganization or recapitalization of the issuer of such other Investment or accounts receivable;
or 
  
 (b) as a result of a foreclosure by the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries with respect to any secured Investment or other transfer of title with respect to any secured Investment in default; 
  
 (7) Hedging Obligations permitted under clause (x) of Section 4.09(b) hereof; 
  
 (8) any Investment in a Similar Business having an aggregate
fair market value, taken together with all other Investments made pursuant to this clause (8) that are at that time outstanding, not to exceed 3.0% of Total Assets at the time of such Investment (with the fair market value of each Investment
being measured at the time made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value); 
  
 (9) Investments the payment for which consists of Equity Interests (exclusive of Disqualified Stock) of the Company, or any of its direct
or indirect parent companies; provided, however, that such Equity Interests will not increase the amount available for Restricted Payments under clause (iii) of Section 4.07(a) hereof; 
  
 (10) guarantees of Indebtedness permitted under
Section 4.09 hereof; 
  
 (11) Investments
consisting of purchases and acquisitions of inventory, supplies, material or equipment; 
  
 (12) additional Investments having an aggregate fair market value, taken together with all other Investments made pursuant to this clause
(12) that are at that time outstanding (without giving effect to the sale of an Unrestricted Subsidiary to the extent the proceeds of such sale do not consist of cash or marketable securities), not to exceed 1.5% of Total Assets at the time of
such Investment (with the fair market value of each Investment being measured at the time made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value); 
  
 (13) advances to, or guarantees of Indebtedness of, employees not in excess of $5.0 million outstanding at any one time, in the aggregate;

  
 (14) loans and advances to officers,
directors and employees for business related travel expenses, moving expenses and other similar expenses, in each case incurred in the ordinary course of business or consistent with past practices or to fund such Person’s purchase of Equity

  

 23 

 
Interests of the Company or any direct or indirect parent company thereof; and 
  
 (15) any transaction to the extent it constitutes an Investment that is permitted and made in accordance
with the provisions of Section 4.09(b) (except transactions described in clauses (ii), (vi), (vii) and (ix) thereof). 
  
 “Permitted Liens” means, with respect to any Person: 
  
 (1) pledges or deposits by such Person under workmen’s compensation laws, unemployment insurance laws
or similar legislation, or good faith deposits in connection with bids, tenders, contracts (other than for the payment of Indebtedness) or leases to which such Person is a party, or deposits to secure public or statutory obligations of such Person
or deposits of cash or U.S. government bonds to secure surety or appeal bonds to which such Person is a party, or deposits as security for contested taxes or import duties or for the payment of rent, in each case incurred in the ordinary course of
business; 
  
 (2) Liens imposed by law, such as
carriers’, warehousemen’s and mechanics’ Liens, in each case for sums not yet overdue for a period of more than 30 days or being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings or other Liens arising out of judgments or awards
against such Person with respect to which such Person shall then be proceeding with an appeal or other proceedings for review if adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of such Person in accordance with GAAP; 

 
 (3) Liens for taxes, assessments or other governmental
charges not yet overdue for a period of more than 30 days or payable or subject to penalties for nonpayment or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted, if adequate reserves with respect thereto are
maintained on the books of such Person in accordance with GAAP; 
  
 (4) Liens in favor of the issuers of performance and surety bonds or bid bonds or with respect to other regulatory requirements or letters of credit issued pursuant to the request of and for the account of such Person
in the ordinary course of its business; 
  
 (5)
minor survey exceptions, minor encumbrances, easements or reservations of, or rights of others for, licenses, rights of way, sewers, electric lines, telegraph and telephone lines and other similar purposes, or zoning or other restrictions as to the
use of real properties or Liens incidental, to the conduct of the business of such Person or to the ownership of its properties which were not incurred in connection with Indebtedness and which do not in the aggregate materially adversely affect

  

 24 

 
the value of said properties or materially impair their use in the operation of the business of such Person; 
  
 (6) Liens securing Indebtedness permitted to be incurred
pursuant to clauses (i) (“Credit Facility Indebtedness”), (iv), (xii)(b) or (xviii) of Section 4.09(b) hereof; provided that Liens securing Indebtedness permitted to be incurred pursuant to clause
(xviii) extend only to the assets of Foreign Subsidiaries; 
  
 (7) Liens existing on the Issue Date; 
  
 (8) Liens on property or shares of stock of a Person at the time such Person becomes a Subsidiary; provided, however, such Liens are not created or incurred in connection with, or in contemplation of, such
other Person becoming such a Subsidiary; provided further, however, that such Liens may not extend to any other property owned by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; 
  
 (9) Liens on property at the time the Company or a
Restricted Subsidiary acquired the property, including any acquisition by means of a merger or consolidation with or into the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; provided, however, that such Liens are not created or incurred in
connection with, or in contemplation of, such acquisition; provided further, however, that the Liens may not extend to any other property owned by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; 
  
 (10) Liens securing Indebtedness or other obligations of a
Restricted Subsidiary owing to the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary permitted to be incurred in accordance with Section 4.09 hereof; 
  
 (11) Liens securing Hedging Obligations so long as related Indebtedness is, and is permitted to be under this Indenture, secured by a Lien
on the same property securing such Hedging Obligations; 
  
 (12) Liens on specific items of inventory of other goods and proceeds of any Person securing such Person’s obligations in respect of bankers’ acceptances issued or created for the account of such Person to
facilitate the purchase, shipment or storage of such inventory or other goods; 
  
 (13) leases, subleases, licenses or sublicenses granted to others in the ordinary course of business which do not materially interfere
with the ordinary conduct of the business of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries and do not secure any Indebtedness; 
  

 25 

 (14) Liens arising from Uniform Commercial Code financing statement filings regarding
operating leases entered into by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business; 
  
 (15) Liens in favor of an Issuer or any Guarantor; 
  
 (16) Liens on equipment of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries granted in the ordinary course
of business to the Issuers’ clients; 
  
 (17) Liens to secure any refinancing, refunding, extension, renewal or replacement (or successive refinancing, refunding, extensions, renewals or replacements) as a whole, or in part, of any Indebtedness secured by any Lien referred to in
the foregoing clauses (6) (other than Liens securing Credit Facility Indebtedness), (7), (8) and (9); provided, however, that (a) such new Lien shall be limited to all or part of the same property that secured the original Lien
(plus improvements on such property), and (b) the Indebtedness secured by such Lien at such time is not increased to any amount greater than the sum of (i) the outstanding principal amount or, if greater, committed amount of the
Indebtedness described under clauses (6) (other than Liens securing Credit Facility Indebtedness), (7), (8) and (9) at the time the original Lien became a Permitted Lien under this Indenture, and (ii) an amount necessary to pay
any fees and expenses, including premiums, related to such refinancing, refunding, extension, renewal or replacement; 
  
 (18) deposits made in the ordinary course of business to secure liability to insurance carriers; 
  
 (19) other Liens securing obligations incurred in the
ordinary course of business which obligations do not exceed $15.0 million at any one time outstanding; 
  
 (20) Liens securing judgments for the payment of money not constituting an Event of Default under clause (5) of Section 6.01
hereof so long as such Liens are adequately bonded and any appropriate legal proceedings that may have been duly initiated for the review of such judgment have not been finally terminated or the period within which such proceedings may be initiated
has not expired; 
  
 (21) Liens in favor of
customs and revenue authorities arising as a matter of law to secure payment of customs duties in connection with the importation of goods in the ordinary course of business; 
  
 (22) Liens (i) of a collection bank arising under Section 4-210 of the Uniform Commercial Code or
any comparable or successor provision on items in the course of collection, (ii) attaching to commodity trading accounts or other commodity brokerage accounts incurred in the ordinary 

  

 26 

 
course of business, and (iii) in favor of banking institutions arising as a matter of law encumbering deposits (including the right of set-off) and
which are within the general parameters customary in the banking industry; 
  
 (23) Liens deemed to exist in connection with Investments in repurchase agreements permitted under Section 4.09 hereof; provided that such Liens do not extend to any assets other than those that are the
subject of such repurchase agreement; 
  
 (24)
Liens encumbering reasonable customary initial deposits and margin deposits and similar Liens attaching to commodity trading accounts or other brokerage accounts incurred in the ordinary course of business and not for speculative purposes;

  
 (25) Liens that are contractual rights of
set-off (i) relating to the establishment of depository relations with banks not given in connection with the issuance of Indebtedness, (ii) relating to pooled deposit or sweep accounts of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries
to permit satisfaction of overdraft or similar obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries or (iii) relating to purchase orders and other agreements entered into with customers of the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business; and 
  
 (26) during a Suspension Period only, Liens securing Indebtedness, and Indebtedness represented by Sale and Leaseback Transactions, in an
amount that does not exceed 15% of Consolidated Net Tangible Assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries at any one time outstanding. 
  
 For purposes of this definition, the term “Indebtedness” shall be deemed to include interest on such Indebtedness. Additionally, solely for
purposes of this definition and Section 4.12, any Indebtedness incurred during a Suspension Period that could have been incurred in compliance with an applicable provision under Section 4.09 were such covenant in effect at such time, may
be deemed by the Company to have been so incurred. 
  
 “Person” means any individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, government or any agency or political subdivision
thereof or any other entity. 
  
 “Preferred
Stock” means any Equity Interest with preferential rights of payment of dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution, or winding up. 
  

 27 

 “Private Placement Legend” means the legend set forth in Section 2.06(g)(i) hereof
to be placed on all Notes issued under this Indenture, except where otherwise permitted by the provisions of this Indenture. 
  
 “QIB” means a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A. 
  
 “Qualified Proceeds” means assets that are used or useful
in, or Capital Stock of any Person engaged in, a Similar Business; provided that the fair market value of any such assets or Capital Stock shall be determined by the Company in good faith. 
  
 “Rating Agencies” means Moody’s and S&P or if
Moody’s or S&P or both shall not make a rating on the Notes publicly available, a nationally recognized statistical rating agency or agencies, as the case may be, selected by the Issuers which shall be substituted for Moody’s or
S&P or both, as the case may be. 
  
 “Record
Date” for the interest or Additional Interest, if any, payable on any applicable Interest Payment Date means May 15 or November 15 (whether or not a Business Day) next preceding such Interest Payment Date. 
  
 “Registration Rights Agreement” means the Registration
Rights Agreement with respect to the Notes and the Senior Subordinated Notes dated as of the Issue Date, among the Issuers, the Guarantors and the Initial Purchasers, as such agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time and,
with respect to any Additional Notes, one or more registration rights agreements between the Issuers and the other parties thereto, as such agreement(s) may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, relating to rights given by the
Issuers to the purchasers of Additional Notes to register such Additional Notes under the Securities Act. 
  
 “Regulation S” means Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act. 
  
 “Regulation S Global Note” means a Regulation S Temporary Global Note or Regulation S Permanent Global
Note, as applicable. 
  
 “Regulation S Permanent Global
Note” means a permanent Global Note in the form of Exhibit A hereto, bearing the Global Note Legend and the Private Placement Legend and deposited with or on behalf of and registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee,
issued in a denomination equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Regulation S Temporary Global Note upon expiration of the Restricted Period. 
  
 “Regulation S Temporary Global Note” means a temporary Global Note in the form of Exhibit A hereto, bearing the Global Note
Legend, the Private Placement Legend and the Regulation S Temporary Global Note Legend and deposited with or on behalf of and registered in the name of the Depositary or its 

  

 28 

 
nominee, issued in a denomination equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes initially sold in reliance on Rule 903. 
  
 “Regulation S Temporary Global Note Legend” means the legend
set forth in Section 2.06(g)(ii) hereof. 
  
 “Related
Business Assets” means assets (other than cash or Cash Equivalents) used or useful in a Similar Business, provided that any assets received by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary in exchange for assets transferred by the Company
or a Restricted Subsidiary shall not be deemed to be Related Business Assets if they consist of securities of a Person, unless upon receipt of the securities of such Person, such Person would become a Restricted Subsidiary. 
  
 “Responsible Officer” means, when used with respect to the
Trustee, any officer within the corporate trust department of the Trustee, including any vice president, assistant vice president, assistant secretary, assistant treasurer, trust officer or any other officer of the Trustee who customarily performs
functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of such Person’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and
who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture. 
  
 “Restricted Definitive Note” means a Definitive Note bearing the Private Placement Legend. 
  
 “Restricted Global Note” means a Global Note bearing the Private Placement Legend. 
  
 “Restricted Investment” means an Investment other than a
Permitted Investment. 
  
 “Restricted Period”
means the 40-day distribution compliance period as defined in Regulation S. 
  
 “Restricted Subsidiary” means, at any time, any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company (including any Foreign Subsidiary) that is not then an Unrestricted Subsidiary; provided, however,
that upon the occurrence of an Unrestricted Subsidiary ceasing to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary, such Subsidiary shall be included in the definition of “Restricted Subsidiary.” 
  
 “Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act. 
  
 “Rule 144A” means Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities
Act. 
  
 “Rule 903” means Rule 903 promulgated
under the Securities Act. 
  
 “Rule 904” means
Rule 904 promulgated under the Securities Act. 
  

 29 

 “S&P” means Standard & Poor’s, a division of The McGraw Hill
Companies, Inc., and any successor to its rating agency business. 
  
 “Sale and Lease Back Transaction” means any arrangement providing for the leasing by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of any real or tangible personal property, which property has been or is to be sold or
transferred by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary to a third Person in contemplation of such leasing. 
  
 “SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 
  
 “Secured Indebtedness” means any Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries secured
by a Lien. 
  
 “Securities Act” means the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder. 
  
 “Senior Credit Facilities” means the Credit Facility under the Credit and Guaranty Agreement to be entered into as of the Issue Date by
and among Education Management Holdings LLC, the Company, the Guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto in their capacities as lenders thereunder and the Agents party thereto, including any guarantees, collateral documents, instruments and
agreements executed in connection therewith, and any amendments, supplements, modifications, extensions, renewals, restatements, refundings or refinancings thereof and any indentures or credit facilities or commercial paper facilities with banks or
other institutional lenders or investors that replace, refund or refinance any part of the loans, notes, other credit facilities or commitments thereunder, including any such replacement, refunding or refinancing facility or indenture that increases
the amount borrowable thereunder or alters the maturity thereof (provided that such increase in borrowings is permitted under Section 4.09 hereof). 
  

“Senior Subordinated Notes” means the $385,000,000 aggregate principal amount of the Issuers’ 10 1/4% senior notes due 2016
issued on the Issue Date. 
  
 “Shelf Registration
Statement” means the Shelf Registration Statement as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement. 
  
 “Significant Subsidiary” means (i) the Co-Issuer or (ii) any Restricted Subsidiary that would be a “significant
subsidiary” as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act, as such regulation is in effect on the Issue Date. 
  
 “Similar Business” means any business conducted or proposed to be conducted by the Company and its
Restricted Subsidiaries on the Issue Date or any business that is similar, reasonably related, incidental or ancillary thereto. 
  

 30 

 “Sponsor Management Agreement” means the management agreement between certain of the
management companies associated with the Investors and the Company or one of its direct or indirect parent companies as in effect on the Issue Date. 
  
 “Subordinated Indebtedness” means, with respect to the Notes, 
  
 (1) any Indebtedness of the Issuers which is by its terms subordinated in right of payment to the Notes, and

  
 (2) any Indebtedness of any Guarantor which
is by its terms subordinated in right of payment to the Guarantee of such entity of the Notes. 
  
 “Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person: 
  
 (1) any corporation, association, or other business entity (other than a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or similar
entity) of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time of determination
owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof or is consolidated under GAAP with such Person at such time; and 
  
 (2) any partnership, joint venture, limited liability
company or similar entity of which 
  
 (x) more
than 50% of the capital accounts, distribution rights, total equity and voting interests or general or limited partnership interests, as applicable, are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other
Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof whether in the form of membership, general, special or limited partnership or otherwise, and 
  
 (y) such Person or any Restricted Subsidiary of such Person is a controlling general partner or otherwise controls such entity.

  
 “Total Assets” means the total assets of the
Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, as shown on the most recent balance sheet of the Company or such other Person as may be expressly stated. 
  
 “Transaction” means the merger contemplated by the Transaction Agreement, the issuance of the Notes and the
Senior Subordinated Notes and borrowings under the Senior Credit Facilities as in effect on the Issue Date to finance the merger contemplated by the Transaction Agreement and repay certain debt. 
  

 31 

 “Transaction Agreement” means the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of March 3,
2006 between Education Management Corporation and EM Acquisition Corporation, as the same may be amended prior to the Issue Date. 
  
 “Treasury Rate” means, as of any Redemption Date, the yield to maturity as of such Redemption Date of United States Treasury securities
with a constant maturity (as compiled and published in the most recent Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15 (519) that has become publicly available at least two Business Days prior to the Redemption Date (or, if such Statistical Release is
no longer published, any publicly available source of similar market data)) most nearly equal to the period from the Redemption Date to June 1, 2010; provided, however, that if the period from the Redemption Date to June 1, 2010 is
less than one year, the weekly average yield on actually traded United States Treasury securities adjusted to a constant maturity of one year will be used. 
  
 “Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa-777bbbb). 
  
 “Trustee” means The Bank of New York, as trustee, until a
successor replaces it in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture and thereafter means the successor serving hereunder. 
  
 “Unrestricted Definitive Note” means one or more Definitive Notes that do not bear and are not required to bear the Private Placement
Legend. 
  
 “Unrestricted Global Note” means a
permanent Global Note, substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto, that bears the Global Note Legend and that has the “Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note” attached thereto, and that is deposited with
or on behalf of and registered in the name of the Depositary, representing Notes that do not bear the Private Placement Legend. 
  
 “Unrestricted Subsidiary” means: 
  
 (1) any Subsidiary of the Company which at the time of determination is an Unrestricted Subsidiary (as designated by the Company, as
provided below); and 
  
 (2) any Subsidiary of an
Unrestricted Subsidiary. 
  
 The Company may designate any
Subsidiary of the Company (including any existing Subsidiary and any newly acquired or newly formed Subsidiary) to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary unless such Subsidiary or any of its Subsidiaries owns any Equity Interests or Indebtedness of, or owns
or holds any Lien on, any 

  

 32 

 
property of, the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company (other than solely any Subsidiary of the Subsidiary to be so designated); provided that

  
 (1) any Unrestricted Subsidiary must be an
entity of which the Equity Interests entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes that may be cast by all Equity Interests having ordinary voting power for the election of directors or Persons performing a similar function are owned, directly
or indirectly, by the Company; 
  
 (2) such
designation complies with Section 4.07 hereof; and 
  
 (3) each of: 
  
 (a) the Subsidiary to be so designated; and 
  
 (b) its Subsidiaries 
  
 has not at the time of
designation, and does not thereafter, create, incur, issue, assume, guarantee or otherwise become directly or indirectly liable with respect to any Indebtedness pursuant to which the lender has recourse to any of the assets of the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary. 
  
 The Company may designate any
Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary; provided that, immediately after giving effect to such designation, no Default shall have occurred and be continuing and either: 
  
 (1) the Company could incur at least $1.00 of additional
Indebtedness pursuant to the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio test described in Section 4.09(a) hereof; or 
  
 (2) the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio for the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries would be greater than such ratio for the Company and
its Restricted Subsidiaries immediately prior to such designation, 
  
 in each
case on a pro forma basis taking into account such designation. 
  
 Any such designation by the Company shall be notified by the Company to the Trustee by promptly filing with the Trustee a copy of the resolution of the board of directors of the Company or any committee thereof giving effect to such
designation and an Officer’s Certificate certifying that such designation complied with the foregoing provisions. 
  
 “U.S. Person” means a U.S. person as defined in Rule 902(k) under the Securities Act. 
  
 “Voting Stock” of any Person as of any date means the
Capital Stock of such Person that is at the time entitled to vote in the election of the board of directors of such Person. 
  

 33 

 “Weighted Average Life to Maturity” means, when applied to any Indebtedness,
Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock, as the case may be, at any date, the quotient obtained by dividing: 
  
 (1) the sum of the products of the number of years from the date of determination to the date of each successive scheduled principal
payment of such Indebtedness or redemption or similar payment with respect to such Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock multiplied by the amount of such payment; by 
  
 (2) the sum of all such payments. 
  
 “Wholly-Owned Subsidiary” of any Person means a Subsidiary of such Person, 100% of the outstanding Equity
Interests of which (other than directors’ qualifying shares) shall at the time be owned by such Person or by one or more Wholly Owned Subsidiaries of such Person. 
  
 Section 1.02. Other Definitions. 
  

			
	 Term
	  	Defined
in Section
	 Acceptable Commitment
	  	4.10
	 Affiliate Transaction
	  	4.11
	 Asset Sale Offer
	  	4.10
	 Authentication Order
	  	2.02
	 Change of Control Offer
	  	4.14
	 Change of Control Payment
	  	4.14
	 Change of Control Payment Date
	  	4.14
	 Covenant Defeasance
	  	8.03
	 Covenant Suspension Event
	  	4.16
	 DTC
	  	2.03
	 Event of Default
	  	6.01
	 Excess Proceeds
	  	4.10
	 incur
	  	4.09
	 Legal Defeasance
	  	8.02
	 Note Register
	  	2.03
	 Offer Amount
	  	3.09
	 Offer Period
	  	3.09
	 Pari Passu Indebtedness
	  	4.10
	 Paying Agent
	  	2.03
	 Purchase Date
	  	3.09
	 Redemption Date
	  	3.07
	 Refinancing Indebtedness
	  	4.09
	 Refunding Capital Stock
	  	4.07
	 Registrar
	  	2.03
	 Restricted Payments
	  	4.07
	 Second Commitment
	  	4.10

  

 34 

			
	 Term
	  	Defined
in Section
	 Successor Company
	  	5.01
	 Successor Person
	  	5.01
	 Suspended Covenants
	  	4.16
	 Suspension Period
	  	4.16
	 Treasury Capital Stock
	  	4.07

  
 Section 1.03.
Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act. Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the Trust Indenture Act, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. 
  
 The following Trust Indenture Act terms used in this Indenture have the
following meanings: 
  
 “indenture securities”
means the Notes; 
  
 “indenture security Holder”
means a Holder of a Note; 
  
 “indenture to be
qualified” means this Indenture; 
  
 “indenture
trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee; and 
  
 “obligor” on the Notes and the Guarantees means the Issuers and the Guarantors, respectively, and any successor obligor upon the Notes and the Guarantees, respectively. 
  
 All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the Trust
Indenture Act, defined by Trust Indenture Act reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the Trust Indenture Act have the meanings so assigned to them. 
  
 Section 1.04. Rules of Construction. Unless the context otherwise requires: 
  
 (a) a term has the meaning assigned to it; 
  
 (b) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning
assigned to it in accordance with GAAP; 
  
 (c)
“or” is not exclusive; 
  
 (d) words in
the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; 
  
 (e) “will” shall be interpreted to express a command; 
  
 (f) provisions apply to successive events and transactions; 
  

 35 

 (g) references to sections of, or rules under, the Securities Act shall be deemed to
include substitute, replacement or successor sections or rules adopted by the SEC from time to time; 
  
 (h) unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an “Article,” “Section” or “clause” refers to an
Article, Section or clause, as the case may be, of this Indenture; and 
  
 (i) the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not any particular Article, Section, clause or other subdivision.

  
 Section 1.05. Acts of Holders. (a) Any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person
or by an agent duly appointed in writing. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments or record or both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly
required, to the Issuers. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent, or the holding by any Person of a Note, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 7.01)
conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Issuers, if made in the manner provided in this Section 1.05. 
  
 (b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by
the certificate of any notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by or on
behalf of any legal entity other than an individual, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute proof of the authority of the Person executing the same. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority
of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner that the Trustee deems sufficient. 
  
 (c) The ownership of Notes shall be proved by the Note Register. 
  

(d) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action by the Holder of any Note shall bind every future Holder of
the same Note and the Holder of every Note issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof, in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by the Trustee or the Issuers in reliance thereon, whether or
not notation of such action is made upon such Note. 
  
 (e) The
Issuers may, in the circumstances permitted by the Trust Indenture Act, set a record date for purposes of determining the identity of Holders entitled to give any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, 

  

 36 

 
consent, waiver or take any other act, or to vote or consent to any action by vote or consent authorized or permitted to be given or taken by Holders. Unless
otherwise specified, if not set by the Issuers prior to the first solicitation of a Holder made by any Person in respect of any such action, or in the case of any such vote, prior to such vote, any such record date shall be the later of 30 days
prior to the first solicitation of such consent or the date of the most recent list of Holders furnished to the Trustee prior to such solicitation. 
  
 (f) Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled to take any action hereunder with regard to any particular Note may do so with regard to all or any
part of the principal amount of such Note or by one or more duly appointed agents, each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with regard to all or any part of such principal amount. Any notice given or action taken by a Holder or its
agents with regard to different parts of such principal amount pursuant to this paragraph shall have the same effect as if given or taken by separate Holders of each such different part. 
  
 (g) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, a Holder, including DTC, as the Holder of a Global Note, may make,
give or take, by a proxy or proxies duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided in this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders, and DTC as the Holder of a Global
Note may provide its proxy or proxies to the beneficial owners of interests in any such Global Note through such depositary’s standing instructions and customary practices. 
  
 (h) The Issuers may fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Persons who are beneficial owners of interests in
any Global Note held by DTC entitled under the procedures of such depositary to make, give or take, by a proxy or proxies duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided in
this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders. If such a record date is fixed, the Holders on such record date or their duly appointed proxy or proxies, and only such Persons, shall be entitled to make, give or take such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date. No such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action shall be valid or
effective if made, given or taken more than 90 days after such record date. 
  
 ARTICLE 2 
 THE NOTES 
  
 Section 2.01. Form and Dating; Terms. (a) General. The Notes
and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto. The Notes may have notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rules or usage. Each Note shall be dated the
date of its authentication. The Notes shall be in denominations of $2,000 and multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof. 
  

 37 

 (b) Global Notes. Notes issued in global form shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit
A attached hereto (including the Global Note Legend thereon and the “Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note” attached thereto). Notes issued in definitive form shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A
attached hereto (but without the Global Note Legend thereon and without the “Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note” attached thereto). Each Global Note shall represent such of the outstanding Notes as shall be specified in
the “Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note” attached thereto and each shall provide that it shall represent up to the aggregate principal amount of Notes from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate principal
amount of outstanding Notes represented thereby may from time to time be reduced or increased, as applicable, to reflect exchanges and redemptions. Any endorsement of a Global Note to reflect the amount of any increase or decrease in the aggregate
principal amount of outstanding Notes represented thereby shall be made by the Trustee or the Custodian, at the direction of the Trustee, in accordance with instructions given by the Holder thereof as required by Section 2.06 hereof.

  
 (c) Temporary Global Notes. Notes offered and sold in
reliance on Regulation S shall be issued initially in the form of the Regulation S Temporary Global Note, which shall be deposited on behalf of the purchasers of the Notes represented thereby with the Trustee, as custodian for the Depositary, and
registered in the name of the Depositary or the nominee of the Depositary for the accounts of designated agents holding on behalf of Euroclear or Clearstream, duly executed by each Issuer and authenticated by the Trustee as hereinafter provided. The
Restricted Period shall be terminated upon the receipt by the Trustee of: 
  
 (i) a written certificate from the Depositary, together with copies of certificates from Euroclear and Clearstream certifying that they have received certification of non-United States beneficial ownership of 100% of
the aggregate principal amount of the Regulation S Temporary Global Note (except to the extent of any beneficial owners thereof who acquired an interest therein during the Restricted Period pursuant to another exemption from registration under the
Securities Act and who shall take delivery of a beneficial ownership interest in a 144A Global Note bearing a Private Placement Legend, all as contemplated by Section 2.06(b) hereof); and 
  
 (ii) an Officer’s Certificate from each Issuer.

  
 Following the termination of the Restricted Period, beneficial
interests in the Regulation S Temporary Global Note shall be exchanged for beneficial interests in the Regulation S Permanent Global Note pursuant to the Applicable Procedures. Simultaneously with the authentication of the Regulation S Permanent
Global Note, the Trustee shall cancel the Regulation S Temporary Global Note. The aggregate principal amount of the Regulation S Temporary Global Note and the Regulation S Permanent Global Note may from time to time be increased or decreased by
adjustments made on the records of the Trustee and 

  

 38 

 
the Depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, in connection with transfers of interest as hereinafter provided. 
  
 (d) Terms. The aggregate principal amount of Notes that may be
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. 
  
 The terms and provisions contained in the Notes shall constitute, and are hereby expressly made, a part of this Indenture and the Issuers, the Guarantors and the Trustee, by their execution and delivery of this Indenture, expressly agree to
such terms and provisions and to be bound thereby. However, to the extent any provision of any Note conflicts with the express provisions of this Indenture, the provisions of this Indenture shall govern and be controlling. 
  
 The Notes shall be subject to repurchase by the Issuers pursuant to an Asset
Sale Offer as provided in Section 4.10 hereof or a Change of Control Offer as provided in Section 4.14 hereof. The Notes shall not be redeemable, other than as provided in Article 3. 
  
 Additional Notes ranking pari passu with the Initial Notes may be
created and issued from time to time by the Issuers without notice to or consent of the Holders and shall be consolidated with and form a single class with the Initial Notes and shall have the same terms as to status, redemption or otherwise as the
Initial Notes; provided that the Issuers’ ability to issue Additional Notes shall be subject to the Issuers’ compliance with Section 4.09 hereof. Any Additional Notes shall be issued with the benefit of an indenture
supplemental to this Indenture. 
  
 (e) Euroclear and
Clearstream Procedures Applicable. The provisions of the “Operating Procedures of the Euroclear System” and “Terms and Conditions Governing Use of Euroclear” and the “General Terms and Conditions of Clearstream
Banking” and “Customer Handbook” of Clearstream shall be applicable to transfers of beneficial interests in the Regulation S Temporary Global Note and the Regulation S Permanent Global Notes that are held by Participants through
Euroclear or Clearstream. 
  
 Section 2.02. Execution and
Authentication. At least one Officer of each Issuer shall execute the Notes on behalf of such Issuer by manual or facsimile signature. 
  
 If an Officer whose signature is on a Note no longer holds that office at the time a Note is authenticated, the Note shall nevertheless be valid.

  
 A Note shall not be entitled to any benefit under this
Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose until authenticated substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto, as the case may be, by the manual or facsimile signature of the Trustee. The signature shall be conclusive
evidence that the Note has been duly authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. 
  

 39 

 On the Issue Date, the Trustee shall, upon receipt of an Issuers’ Order (an “Authentication
Order”), authenticate and deliver the Initial Notes. In addition, at any time, from time to time, the Trustee shall upon an Authentication Order authenticate and deliver any Additional Notes and Exchange Notes for an aggregate principal
amount specified in such Authentication Order for such Additional Notes or Exchange Notes issued hereunder. 
  
 The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Issuers to authenticate Notes. An authenticating agent may authenticate Notes whenever
the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with Holders or an Affiliate of the Issuers. 

 
 Section 2.03. Registrar and Paying Agent. The Issuers shall
maintain an office or agency where Notes may be presented for registration of transfer or for exchange (“Registrar”) and an office or agency where Notes may be presented for payment (“Paying Agent”). The Registrar
shall keep a register of the Notes (“Note Register”) and of their transfer and exchange. The Issuers may appoint one or more co-registrars and one or more additional paying agents. The term “Registrar” includes any
co-registrar and the term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent. The Issuers may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without prior notice to any Holder. The Issuers shall notify the Trustee in writing of the name and
address of any Agent not a party to this Indenture. If the Issuers fail to appoint or maintain another entity as Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee shall act as such. The Issuers or any of their respective Subsidiaries may act as Paying Agent or
Registrar. 
  
 The Issuers initially appoint The Depository Trust
Company (“DTC”) to act as Depositary with respect to the Global Notes. 
  
 The Issuers initially appoint the Trustee to act as the Paying Agent and Registrar for the Notes and to act as Custodian with respect to the Global Notes. 
  
 Section 2.04. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust. The Issuers shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee
to agree in writing that the Paying Agent shall hold in trust for the benefit of Holders or the Trustee all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal, premium, if any, or Additional Interest, if any, or interest on the Notes, and
will notify the Trustee of any default by the Issuers in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Issuers at any time may require a Paying Agent
to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than an Issuer or a Subsidiary) shall have no further liability for the money. If an Issuer or a Subsidiary acts as Paying Agent, it shall
segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of the Holders all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon any bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings relating to the Issuers, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Notes.

  

 40 

 Section 2.05. Holder Lists. The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of all Holders and shall otherwise comply with Trust Indenture Act Section 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Issuers shall furnish to the Trustee at
least two Business Days before each Interest Payment Date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of the Holders of Notes
and the Issuers shall otherwise comply with Trust Indenture Act Section 312(a). 
  
 Section 2.06. Transfer and Exchange. (a) Transfer and Exchange of Global Notes. Except as otherwise set forth in this Section 2.06, a Global Note may be transferred, in whole and not in part, only
to another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such successor Depositary. A beneficial interest in a Global Note may not be exchanged for a Definitive Note unless (i) the Depositary (x) notifies the
Issuers that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Note or (y) has ceased to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and, in either case, a successor Depositary is not appointed by the Issuers within
120 days or (ii) there shall have occurred and be continuing a Default with respect to the Notes. Upon the occurrence of any of the preceding events in (i) or (ii) above, Definitive Notes delivered in exchange for any Global Note or
beneficial interests therein will be registered in the names, and issued in any approved denominations, requested by or on behalf of the Depositary (in accordance with its customary procedures). Global Notes also may be exchanged or replaced, in
whole or in part, as provided in Sections 2.07 and 2.10 hereof. Every Note authenticated and delivered in exchange for, or in lieu of, a Global Note or any portion thereof, pursuant to this Section 2.06 or Section 2.07 and 2.10 hereof,
shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and shall be, a Global Note, except for Definitive Notes issued subsequent to any of the preceding events in (i) or (ii) above and pursuant to Section 2.06(c) hereof. A Global Note
may not be exchanged for another Note other than as provided in this Section 2.06(a); provided, however, beneficial interests in a Global Note may be transferred and exchanged as provided in Section 2.06(b), (c) or
(f) hereof. 
  
 (b) Transfer and Exchange of Beneficial
Interests in the Global Notes. The transfer and exchange of beneficial interests in the Global Notes shall be effected through the Depositary, in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture and the Applicable Procedures. Beneficial
interests in the Restricted Global Notes shall be subject to restrictions on transfer comparable to those set forth herein to the extent required by the Securities Act. Transfers of beneficial interests in the Global Notes also shall require
compliance with either subparagraph (i) or (ii) below, as applicable, as well as one or more of the other following subparagraphs, as applicable: 
  
 (i) Transfer of Beneficial Interests in the Same Global Note. Beneficial interests in any Restricted Global Note may be transferred
to 

  

 41 

 
Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in the same Restricted Global Note in accordance with the transfer restrictions set
forth in the Private Placement Legend; provided, however, that prior to the expiration of the Restricted Period, transfers of beneficial interests in the Regulation S Temporary Global Note may not be made to a U.S. Person or for the account
or benefit of a U.S. Person (other than an Initial Purchaser). Beneficial interests in any Unrestricted Global Note may be transferred to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note. No
written orders or instructions shall be required to be delivered to the Registrar to effect the transfers described in this Section 2.06(b)(i). 
  
 (ii) All Other Transfers and Exchanges of Beneficial Interests in Global Notes. In connection with all transfers and exchanges of
beneficial interests that are not subject to Section 2.06(b)(i) hereof, the transferor of such beneficial interest must deliver to the Registrar either (A) (i) a written order from a Participant or an Indirect Participant given to the
Depositary in accordance with the Applicable Procedures directing the Depositary to credit or cause to be credited a beneficial interest in another Global Note in an amount equal to the beneficial interest to be transferred or exchanged and
(ii) instructions given in accordance with the Applicable Procedures containing information regarding the Participant account to be credited with such increase or (B) (1) a written order from a Participant or an Indirect Participant
given to the Depositary in accordance with the Applicable Procedures directing the Depositary to cause to be issued a Definitive Note in an amount equal to the beneficial interest to be transferred or exchanged and (2) instructions given by the
Depositary to the Registrar containing information regarding the Person in whose name such Definitive Note shall be registered to effect the transfer or exchange referred to in (1) above; provided that in no event shall Definitive Notes
be issued upon the transfer or exchange of beneficial interests in the Regulation S Temporary Global Note prior to (A) the expiration of the Restricted Period and (B) the receipt by the Registrar of any certificates required pursuant to
Rule 903. Upon consummation of an Exchange Offer by the Issuers in accordance with Section 2.06(f) hereof, the requirements of this Section 2.06(b)(ii) shall be deemed to have been satisfied upon receipt by the Registrar of the
instructions contained in the Letter of Transmittal delivered by the Holder of such beneficial interests in the Restricted Global Notes. Upon satisfaction of all of the requirements for transfer or exchange of beneficial interests in Global Notes
contained in this Indenture and the Notes or otherwise applicable under the Securities Act, the Trustee shall adjust the principal amount of the relevant Global Note(s) pursuant to Section 2.06(h) hereof. 
  
 (iii) Transfer of Beneficial Interests to Another
Restricted Global Note. A beneficial interest in any Restricted Global Note may be transferred to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a 

  

 42 

 
beneficial interest in another Restricted Global Note if the transfer complies with the requirements of Section 2.06(b)(ii) hereof and the Registrar
receives the following: 
  
 (A) if the transferee
will take delivery in the form of a beneficial interest in the 144A Global Note, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; or 
  
 (B) if the transferee will take delivery in the form of a
beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof. 
  
 (iv) Transfer and Exchange of Beneficial Interests in a
Restricted Global Note for Beneficial Interests in an Unrestricted Global Note. A beneficial interest in any Restricted Global Note may be exchanged by any holder thereof for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note or transferred to
a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note if the exchange or transfer complies with the requirements of Section 2.06(b)(ii) hereof and: 
  
 (A) such exchange or transfer is effected pursuant to the
Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement and the holder of the beneficial interest to be transferred, in the case of an exchange, or the transferee, in the case of a transfer, certifies in the applicable Letter of
Transmittal that it is not (1) a Broker-Dealer, (2) a Person participating in the distribution of the Exchange Notes or (3) a Person who is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 144) of the Issuers; 
  
 (B) such transfer is effected pursuant to the Shelf
Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; 
  
 (C) such transfer is effected by a Broker-Dealer pursuant to the Exchange Offer Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; or 
  
 (D) the Registrar receives the following: 
  
 (1) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a
Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note, a certificate from such Holder substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item
(1)(a) thereof; or 
  

 43 

 (2) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to
transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who shall take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note, a certificate from such holder in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in
item (4) thereof; 
  
 and, in each such case set forth in
this subparagraph (D), if the Registrar so requests or if the Applicable Procedures so require, an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Registrar to the effect that such exchange or transfer is in compliance with the Securities
Act and that the restrictions on transfer contained herein and in the Private Placement Legend are no longer required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. 
  
 If any such transfer is effected pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (D) above at a time when an Unrestricted Global
Note has not yet been issued, the Issuers shall issue and, upon receipt of an Authentication Order in accordance with Section 2.02 hereof, the Trustee shall authenticate one or more Unrestricted Global Notes in an aggregate principal amount
equal to the aggregate principal amount of beneficial interests transferred pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (D) above. 
  
 Beneficial interests in an Unrestricted Global Note cannot be exchanged for, or transferred to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of, a
beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note. 
  
 (c)
Transfer or Exchange of Beneficial Interests for Definitive Notes. 
  
 (i) Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes to Restricted Definitive Notes. If any holder of a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a
Restricted Definitive Note or to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a Restricted Definitive Note, then, upon the occurrence of any of the events in paragraph (i) or (ii) of
Section 2.06(a) hereof and receipt by the Registrar of the following documentation: 
  
 (A) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Restricted
Definitive Note, a certificate from such holder substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (2)(a) thereof; 
  
 (B) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to a QIB in accordance with Rule 144A, a certificate substantially in the form of
Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; 
  

 44 

 (C) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to a Non-U.S. Person in an offshore
transaction in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904, a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof; 
  
 (D) if such beneficial interest is being transferred pursuant to an exemption from the registration
requirements of the Securities Act in accordance with Rule 144, a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(a) thereof; 
  
 (E) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(b) thereof; or 
  
 (F) if such beneficial interest is being transferred pursuant to an effective registration statement under
the Securities Act, a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(c) thereof, 
  
 the Trustee shall cause the aggregate principal amount of the applicable Global Note to be reduced accordingly pursuant to Section 2.06(h) hereof, and the Issuers
shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and mail to the Person designated in the instructions a Definitive Note in the applicable principal amount. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note
pursuant to this Section 2.06(c) shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denomination or denominations as the holder of such beneficial interest shall instruct the Registrar through instructions from the Depositary and
the Participant or Indirect Participant. The Trustee shall mail such Definitive Notes to the Persons in whose names such Notes are so registered. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note pursuant
to this Section 2.06(c)(i) shall bear the Private Placement Legend and shall be subject to all restrictions on transfer contained therein. 
  
 (ii) Beneficial Interests in Regulation S Temporary Global Note to Definitive Notes. Notwithstanding Sections 2.06(c)(i)(A) and
(C) hereof, a beneficial interest in the Regulation S Temporary Global Note may not be exchanged for a Definitive Note or transferred to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a Definitive Note prior to (A) the expiration of
the Restricted Period and (B) the receipt by the Registrar of any certificates required pursuant to Rule 903(b)(3)(ii)(B) of the Securities Act, except in the case of a transfer pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act other than Rule 903 or Rule 904. 
  

 45 

 (iii) Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes to Unrestricted Definitive
Notes. A holder of a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note may exchange such beneficial interest for an Unrestricted Definitive Note or may transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of an
Unrestricted Definitive Note only upon the occurrence of any of the events in subsection (i) or (ii) of Section 2.06(a) hereof and if: 
  
 (A) such exchange or transfer is effected pursuant to the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement and the
holder of such beneficial interest, in the case of an exchange, or the transferee, in the case of a transfer, certifies in the applicable Letter of Transmittal that it is not (1) a Broker-Dealer, (2) a Person participating in the
distribution of the Exchange Notes or (3) a Person who is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 144) of the Issuers; 
  
 (B) such transfer is effected pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement;

  
 (C) such transfer is effected by a
Broker-Dealer pursuant to the Exchange Offer Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; or 
  
 (D) the Registrar receives the following: 
  
 (1) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for an
Unrestricted Definitive Note, a certificate from such holder substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (1)(b) thereof; or 
  
 (2) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to transfer such
beneficial interest to a Person who shall take delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note, a certificate from such holder substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item
(4) thereof; 
  
 and, in each such case set forth in this
subparagraph (D), if the Registrar so requests or if the Applicable Procedures so require, an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Registrar 

  

 46 

 
to the effect that such exchange or transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act and that the restrictions on transfer contained herein and in the
Private Placement Legend are no longer required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. 
  
 (iv) Beneficial Interests in Unrestricted Global Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. If any holder of a beneficial interest in
an Unrestricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Definitive Note or to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a Definitive Note, then, upon the occurrence of any of the
events in subsection (i) or (ii) of Section 2.06(a) hereof and satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 2.06(b)(ii) hereof, the Trustee shall cause the aggregate principal amount of the applicable Global Note to be
reduced accordingly pursuant to Section 2.06(h) hereof, and the Issuers shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and mail to the Person designated in the instructions a Definitive Note in the applicable principal amount. Any Definitive
Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest pursuant to this Section 2.06(c)(iv) shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denomination or denominations as the holder of such beneficial interest shall instruct the
Registrar through instructions from or through the Depositary and the Participant or Indirect Participant. The Trustee shall mail such Definitive Notes to the Persons in whose names such Notes are so registered. Any Definitive Note issued in
exchange for a beneficial interest pursuant to this Section 2.06(c)(iv) shall not bear the Private Placement Legend. 
  
 (d) Transfer and Exchange of Definitive Notes for Beneficial Interests. 
  
 (i) Restricted Definitive Notes to Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes. If any Holder of
a Restricted Definitive Note proposes to exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note or to transfer such Restricted Definitive Note to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in a
Restricted Global Note, then, upon receipt by the Registrar of the following documentation: 
  
 (A) if the Holder of such Restricted Definitive Note proposes to exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note,
a certificate from such Holder substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (2)(b) thereof; 
  
 (B) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to a QIB in accordance with Rule 144A, a certificate substantially in the form
of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; 
  

 47 

 (C) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to a Non-U.S. Person in an
offshore transaction in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904, a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof; 
  
 (D) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred pursuant to an exemption from the registration
requirements of the Securities Act in accordance with Rule 144, a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(a) thereof; 
  
 (E) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred
to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(b) thereof; or 
  
 (F) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred pursuant to an effective registration statement
under the Securities Act, a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(c) thereof, 
  
 the Trustee shall cancel the Restricted Definitive Note, increase or cause to be increased the aggregate principal amount of, in the case of clause (A) above, the
applicable Restricted Global Note, in the case of clause (B) above, the applicable 144A Global Note, and in the case of clause (C) above, the applicable Regulation S Global Note. 
  
 (ii) Restricted Definitive Notes to Beneficial Interests
in Unrestricted Global Notes. A Holder of a Restricted Definitive Note may exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note or transfer such Restricted Definitive Note to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form
of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note only if: 
  
 (A) such exchange or transfer is effected pursuant to the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement and the Holder, in the case of an exchange, or the transferee, in the case of a transfer,
certifies in the applicable Letter of Transmittal that it is not (1) a Broker-Dealer, (2) a Person participating in the distribution of the Exchange Notes or (3) a Person who is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 144) of the Issuers;

  
 (B) such transfer is effected pursuant to the
Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; 
  

 48 

 (C) such transfer is effected by a Broker-Dealer pursuant to the Exchange Offer
Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; or 
  
 (D) the Registrar receives the following: 
  
 (1) if the Holder of such Definitive Notes proposes to exchange such Notes for a beneficial interest in the Unrestricted Global Note, a
certificate from such Holder substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (1)(c) thereof; or 
  
 (2) if the Holder of such Definitive Notes proposes to transfer such Notes to a Person who shall take delivery thereof in the form of a
beneficial interest in the Unrestricted Global Note, a certificate from such Holder substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (4) thereof; 
  
 and, in each such case set forth in this subparagraph (D), if the Registrar
so requests or if the Applicable Procedures so require, an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Registrar to the effect that such exchange or transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act and that the restrictions on transfer
contained herein and in the Private Placement Legend are no longer required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. 
  
 Upon satisfaction of the conditions of any of the subparagraphs in this Section 2.06(d)(ii), the Trustee shall cancel the Definitive Notes and
increase or cause to be increased the aggregate principal amount of the Unrestricted Global Note. 
  
 (iii) Unrestricted Definitive Notes to Beneficial Interests in Unrestricted Global Notes. A Holder of an Unrestricted Definitive
Note may exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note or transfer such Definitive Notes to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note at any time. Upon
receipt of a request for such an exchange or transfer, the Trustee shall cancel the applicable Unrestricted Definitive Note and increase or cause to be increased the aggregate principal amount of one of the Unrestricted Global Notes. 
  
 If any such exchange or transfer from a Definitive Note to a beneficial
interest is effected pursuant to subparagraph (ii)(B), (ii)(D) or (iii) above at a time when an Unrestricted Global Note has not yet been issued, the Issuers shall issue and, upon receipt of an Authentication Order in accordance with
Section 2.02 hereof, the Trustee shall authenticate one or more Unrestricted Global Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of Definitive Notes so transferred. 
  

 49 

 (e) Transfer and Exchange of Definitive Notes for Definitive Notes. Upon request by a Holder of
Definitive Notes and such Holder’s compliance with the provisions of this Section 2.06(e), the Registrar shall register the transfer or exchange of Definitive Notes. Prior to such registration of transfer or exchange, the requesting Holder
shall present or surrender to the Registrar the Definitive Notes duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instruction of transfer in form satisfactory to the Registrar duly executed by such Holder or by its attorney, duly authorized in writing. In
addition, the requesting Holder shall provide any additional certifications, documents and information, as applicable, required pursuant to the following provisions of this Section 2.06(e): 
  
 (i) Restricted Definitive Notes to Restricted Definitive
Notes. Any Restricted Definitive Note may be transferred to and registered in the name of Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a Restricted Definitive Note if the Registrar receives the following: 
  
 (A) if the transfer will be made pursuant to a QIB in
accordance with Rule 144A, then the transferor must deliver a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; 
  
 (B) if the transfer will be made pursuant to Rule 903 or Rule 904 then the transferor must deliver a
certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof; or 
  
 (C) if the transfer will be made pursuant to any other exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, then the
transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications required by item (3) thereof, if applicable. 
  
 (ii) Restricted Definitive Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. Any Restricted Definitive Note may be exchanged by the Holder
thereof for an Unrestricted Definitive Note or transferred to a Person or Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note if: 
  

(A) such exchange or transfer is effected pursuant to the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement and the
Holder, in the case of an exchange, or the transferee, in the case of a transfer, certifies in the applicable Letter of Transmittal that it is not (1) a Broker-Dealer, (2) a Person participating in the distribution of the Exchange Notes or
(3) a Person who is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 144) of the Issuers; 
  

 50 

 (B) any such transfer is effected pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement in
accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; 
  
 (C) any such transfer is effected by a Broker-Dealer pursuant to the Exchange Offer Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; or 
  
 (D) the Registrar receives the following: 
  
 (1) if the Holder of such Restricted Definitive Notes proposes to exchange such Notes for an Unrestricted
Definitive Note, a certificate from such Holder substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (1)(d) thereof; or 
  
 (2) if the Holder of such Restricted Definitive Notes proposes to transfer such Notes to a Person who shall
take delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note, a certificate from such Holder substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (4) thereof; 
  
 and, in each such case set forth in this subparagraph (D), if the Registrar
so requests, an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Registrar to the effect that such exchange or transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act and that the restrictions on transfer contained herein and in the Private
Placement Legend are no longer required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. 
  
 (iii) Unrestricted Definitive Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. A Holder of Unrestricted Definitive Notes may transfer such
Notes to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note. Upon receipt of a request to register such a transfer, the Registrar shall register the Unrestricted Definitive Notes pursuant to the instructions from the
Holder thereof. 
  
 (f) Exchange Offer. Upon the occurrence
of the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement, the Issuers shall issue and, upon receipt of an Authentication Order in accordance with Section 2.02 hereof, the Trustee shall authenticate (i) one or more Unrestricted
Global Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the beneficial interests in the Restricted Global Notes tendered for acceptance by Persons that certify in the applicable Letters of Transmittal that (x) they are
not 

  

 51 

 
Broker-Dealers, (y) they are not participating in a distribution of the Exchange Notes and (z) they are not affiliates (as defined in Rule 144) of
the Issuers, and accepted for exchange in the Exchange Offer and (ii) Unrestricted Definitive Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Restricted Definitive Notes tendered for acceptance by Persons that certify in
the applicable Letters of Transmittal that (x) they are not Broker-Dealers, (y) they are not participating in a distribution of the Exchange Notes and (z) they are not affiliates (as defined in Rule 144) of the Issuers, and accepted
for exchange in the Exchange Offer. Concurrently with the issuance of such Notes, the Trustee shall cause the aggregate principal amount of the applicable Restricted Global Notes to be reduced accordingly, and the Issuers shall execute and the
Trustee shall authenticate and mail to the Persons designated by the Holders of Definitive Notes so accepted Unrestricted Definitive Notes in the applicable principal amount. Any Notes that remain outstanding after the consummation of the Exchange
Offer, and Exchange Notes issued in connection with the Exchange Offer, shall be treated as a single class of securities under this Indenture. 
  
 (g) Legends. The following legends shall appear on the face of all Global Notes and Definitive Notes issued under this Indenture unless
specifically stated otherwise in the applicable provisions of this Indenture: 
  
 (i) Private Placement Legend. (A) Except as permitted by subparagraph (B) below, each Global Note and each Definitive Note (and all Notes issued in exchange therefor or substitution thereof) shall
bear the legend in substantially the following form: 
  
 “THIS SECURITY HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD WITHIN THE UNITED STATES OR TO, OR FOR THE ACCOUNT OR BENEFIT OF,
U.S. PERSONS EXCEPT AS SET FORTH BELOW. BY ITS ACQUISITION HEREOF, THE HOLDER (1) REPRESENTS THAT (A) IT IS A “QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER” (AS DEFINED IN RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT) OR (B) IT IS NOT A U.S. PERSON
AND IS ACQUIRING THIS SECURITY IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 904 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (2) AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT WITHIN TWO YEARS AFTER THE ORIGINAL ISSUANCE OF THIS SECURITY RESELL OR OTHERWISE TRANSFER THIS SECURITY
EXCEPT (A) TO THE ISSUERS OR ANY SUBSIDIARY THEREOF, (B) INSIDE THE UNITED STATES TO A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (C) OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION IN
COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 904 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT (IF AVAILABLE), 

  

 52 

 
(D) PURSUANT TO THE EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION PROVIDED BY RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT (IF AVAILABLE), (E) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANOTHER EXEMPTION
FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT (AND BASED UPON AN OPINION OF COUNSEL IF THE ISSUERS SO REQUEST), OR (F) PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND (3) AGREES THAT IT WILL GIVE TO
EACH PERSON TO WHOM THIS SECURITY IS TRANSFERRED A NOTICE SUBSTANTIALLY TO THE EFFECT OF THIS LEGEND. AS USED HEREIN, THE TERMS “OFFSHORE TRANSACTION,” “UNITED STATES” AND “U.S. PERSON” HAVE THE MEANING GIVEN TO THEM BY
REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT.” 
  
 (B) Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Global Note or Definitive Note issued pursuant to subparagraph (b)(iv), (c)(iii), (c)(iv), (d)(ii), (d)(iii), (e)(ii), (e)(iii) or (f) of this Section 2.06 (and all Notes issued in exchange
therefor or substitution thereof) shall not bear the Private Placement Legend. 
  
 (ii) Global Note Legend. Each Global Note shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: 
  
 “THIS GLOBAL NOTE IS HELD BY THE DEPOSITARY (AS DEFINED IN THE
INDENTURE GOVERNING THIS NOTE) OR ITS NOMINEE IN CUSTODY FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE BENEFICIAL OWNERS HEREOF, AND IS NOT TRANSFERABLE TO ANY PERSON UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES EXCEPT THAT (I) THE TRUSTEE MAY MAKE SUCH NOTATIONS HEREON AS MAY BE
REQUIRED PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.06(h) OF THE INDENTURE, (II) THIS GLOBAL NOTE MAY BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE BUT NOT IN PART PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.06(a) OF THE INDENTURE, (III) THIS GLOBAL NOTE MAY BE DELIVERED TO THE TRUSTEE FOR CANCELLATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 2.11 OF THE INDENTURE AND (IV) THIS GLOBAL NOTE MAY BE TRANSFERRED TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY WITH THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE ISSUERS. UNLESS AND UNTIL IT IS EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR NOTES IN DEFINITIVE FORM, THIS NOTE MAY NOT
BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE 

  

 53 

 
DEPOSITARY OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY. UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED
BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY (55 WATER STREET, NEW YORK, NEW YORK) (“DTC”) TO THE ISSUERS OR THEIR AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE
NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR SUCH OTHER NAME AS MAY BE REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS MAY BE REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER,
PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.” 
  
 (iii) Regulation S Temporary Global Note Legend. The Regulation S Temporary Global Note shall bear a
legend in substantially the following form: 
  
 “THE RIGHTS
ATTACHING TO THIS REGULATION S TEMPORARY GLOBAL NOTE, AND THE CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES GOVERNING ITS EXCHANGE FOR CERTIFICATED NOTES, ARE AS SPECIFIED IN THE INDENTURE (AS DEFINED HEREIN).” 
  
 (h) Cancellation and/or Adjustment of Global Notes. At such time as
all beneficial interests in a particular Global Note have been exchanged for Definitive Notes or a particular Global Note has been redeemed, repurchased or canceled in whole and not in part, each such Global Note shall be returned to or retained and
canceled by the Trustee in accordance with Section 2.11 hereof. At any time prior to such cancellation, if any beneficial interest in a Global Note is exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a
beneficial interest in another Global Note or for Definitive Notes, the principal amount of Notes represented by such Global Note shall be reduced accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Note by the Trustee or by the Depositary
at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such reduction; and if the beneficial interest is being exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Note, such other Global
Note shall be increased accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Note by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such increase. 
  

 54 

 (i) General Provisions Relating to Transfers and Exchanges. 
  
 (i) To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the
Issuers shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate Global Notes and Definitive Notes upon receipt of an Authentication Order in accordance with Section 2.02 hereof or at the Registrar’s request. 
  
 (ii) No service charge shall be made to a holder of a
beneficial interest in a Global Note or to a Holder of a Definitive Note for any registration of transfer or exchange, but the Issuers may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in
connection therewith (other than any such transfer taxes or similar governmental charge payable upon exchange or transfer pursuant to Sections 2.07, 2.10, 3.06, 3.09, 4.10, 4.14 and 9.05 hereof). 
  
 (iii) Neither the Registrar nor the Issuers shall be
required to register the transfer of or exchange any Note selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part. 
  
 (iv) All Global Notes and Definitive Notes issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Global
Notes or Definitive Notes shall be the valid obligations of the Issuers, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Global Notes or Definitive Notes surrendered upon such registration of transfer or
exchange. 
  
 (v) The Issuers shall not be
required (A) to issue, to register the transfer of or to exchange any Notes during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of any selection of Notes for redemption under Section 3.02 hereof and ending at the
close of business on the day of selection, (B) to register the transfer of or to exchange any Note so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part or (C) to register the
transfer of or to exchange a Note between a Record Date and the next succeeding Interest Payment Date. 
  
 (vi) Prior to due presentment for the registration of a transfer of any Note, the Trustee, any Agent and the Issuers may deem and treat
the Person in whose name any Note is registered as the absolute owner of such Note for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest (including Additional Interest, if any) on such Notes and for all other
purposes, and none of the Trustee, any Agent or the Issuers shall be affected by notice to the contrary. 
  
 (vii) Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Note at the office or agency of the Issuers designated pursuant to
Section 4.02 hereof, the Issuers shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and 

  

 55 

 
mail, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more replacement Notes of any authorized denomination or denominations of a like
aggregate principal amount. 
  
 (viii) At the
option of the Holder, Notes may be exchanged for other Notes of any authorized denomination or denominations of a like aggregate principal amount upon surrender of the Notes to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Global Notes or
Definitive Notes are so surrendered for exchange, the Issuers shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and mail, the replacement Global Notes and Definitive Notes which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to in accordance with the
provisions of Section 2.02 hereof. 
  
 (ix)
All certifications, certificates and Opinions of Counsel required to be submitted to the Registrar pursuant to this Section 2.06 to effect a registration of transfer or exchange may be submitted by facsimile. 
  
 Section 2.07. Replacement Notes. If any mutilated Note is surrendered
to the Trustee, the Registrar or the Issuers and the Trustee receives evidence to its satisfaction of the ownership and destruction, loss or theft of any Note, the Issuers shall issue and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall
authenticate a replacement Note if the Trustee’s requirements are met. If required by the Trustee or the Issuers, an indemnity bond must be supplied by the Holder that is sufficient in the judgment of the Trustee and the Issuers to protect the
Issuers, the Trustee, any Agent and any authenticating agent from any loss that any of them may suffer if a Note is replaced. The Issuers may charge for their expenses in replacing a Note. 
  
 Every replacement Note is a contractual obligation of the Issuers and shall
be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with all other Notes duly issued hereunder. 
  
 Section 2.08. Outstanding Notes. The Notes outstanding at any time are all the Notes authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it,
those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest in a Global Note effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof, and those described in this Section 2.08 as not outstanding. Except as set forth in
Section 2.09 hereof, a Note does not cease to be outstanding because an Issuer or an Affiliate of an Issuer holds the Note. 
  
 If a Note is replaced pursuant to Section 2.07 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the
replaced Note is held by a bona fide purchaser. 
  
 If the
principal amount of any Note is considered paid under Section 4.01 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding and interest on it ceases to accrue. 
  

 56 

 If the Paying Agent (other than an Issuer, a Subsidiary or an Affiliate of any thereof) holds, on a
redemption date or maturity date, money sufficient to pay Notes payable on that date, then on and after that date such Notes shall be deemed to be no longer outstanding and shall cease to accrue interest. 
  
 Section 2.09. Treasury Notes. In determining whether the Holders of
the required principal amount of Notes have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent, Notes owned by an Issuer, or by any Affiliate of an Issuer, shall be considered as though not outstanding, except that for the purposes of determining whether
the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent, only Notes that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. Notes so owned which have been pledged in good faith shall not be
disregarded if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right to deliver any such direction, waiver or consent with respect to the Notes and that the pledgee is not an Issuer or any obligor upon the Notes or any
Affiliate of an Issuer or of such other obligor. 
  
 Section
2.10. Temporary Notes. Until certificates representing Notes are ready for delivery, the Issuers may prepare and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall authenticate temporary Notes. Temporary Notes shall be substantially
in the form of certificated Notes but may have variations that the Issuers consider appropriate for temporary Notes and as shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. Without unreasonable delay, the Issuers shall prepare and the Trustee shall
authenticate definitive Notes in exchange for temporary Notes. 
  
 Holders and beneficial holders, as the case may be, of temporary Notes shall be entitled to all of the benefits accorded to Holders, or beneficial holders, respectively, of Notes under this Indenture. 
  
 Section 2.11. Cancellation. The Issuers at any time may deliver Notes
to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Notes surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee or, at the direction of the Trustee, the Registrar or the
Paying Agent and no one else shall cancel all Notes surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall destroy cancelled Notes (subject to the record retention requirement of the Exchange Act).
Certification of the destruction of all cancelled Notes shall be delivered to the Issuers. The Issuers may not issue new Notes to replace Notes that they have paid or that have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. 
  
 Section 2.12. Defaulted Interest. If the Issuers default in a payment
of interest on the Notes, they shall pay the defaulted interest in any lawful manner plus, to the extent lawful, interest payable on the defaulted interest to the Persons who are Holders on a subsequent special record date, in each case at the rate
provided in the Notes and in Section 4.01 hereof. The Issuers shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of defaulted interest proposed to be paid on each 

  

 57 

 
Note and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Issuers shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount
proposed to be paid in respect of such defaulted interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled to such defaulted interest as provided in this Section 2.12. The Trustee shall fix or cause to be fixed each such special record date and payment date; provided that no such special record date shall be less than 10 days prior
to the related payment date for such defaulted interest. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Issuers of such special record date. At least 15 days before the special record date, the Issuers (or, upon the written request of the Issuers, the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Issuers) shall mail or cause to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder a notice at his or her address as it appears in the Note Register that states the special record date, the related
payment date and the amount of such interest to be paid. 
  
 Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.12 and for greater certainty, each Note delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Note shall carry the rights to
interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Note. 
  
 Section 2.13. CUSIP Numbers. The Issuers in issuing the Notes may use CUSIP numbers (if then generally in use) and, if so, the Trustee shall use CUSIP numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to
Holders; provided, that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Notes or as contained in any notice of redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the
other identification numbers printed on the Notes, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Issuers will as promptly as practicable notify the Trustee of any change in the CUSIP numbers.

  
 ARTICLE 3 
 REDEMPTION 
  
 Section 3.01. Notices to Trustee. If the Issuers elect to redeem Notes pursuant to Section 3.07 hereof, they shall furnish to the Trustee, at
least 2 Business Days before notice of redemption is required to be mailed or caused to be mailed to Holders pursuant to Section 3.03 hereof but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, an Officer’s Certificate setting forth (a) the
paragraph or subparagraph of such Note and/or Section of this Indenture pursuant to which the redemption shall occur, (b) the redemption date, (c) the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed and (d) the redemption price. 
  
 Section 3.02. Selection of Notes to Be Redeemed or Purchased. If less
than all of the Notes are to be redeemed or purchased in an offer to purchase at any time, the Trustee shall select the Notes to be redeemed or purchased h) if the Notes are listed on any national securities exchange, in compliance with the 

  

 58 

 
requirements of the principal national securities exchange on which the Notes are listed or i) on a pro rata basis or, to the extent that selection on
a pro rata basis is not practicable, by lot or by such other method the Trustee considers fair and appropriate. In the event of partial redemption or purchase by lot, the particular Notes to be redeemed or purchased shall be selected, unless
otherwise provided herein, not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days prior to the redemption date by the Trustee from the outstanding Notes not previously called for redemption or purchase. 
  
 The Trustee shall promptly notify the Issuers in writing of the Notes
selected for redemption or purchase and, in the case of any Note selected for partial redemption or purchase, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed or purchased. Notes and portions of Notes selected shall be in amounts of $2,000 or multiples
of $1,000 in excess thereof; no Notes of $2,000 or less can be redeemed in part, except that if all of the Notes of a Holder are to be redeemed or purchased, the entire outstanding amount of Notes held by such Holder, even if not $2,000 or a
multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof, shall be redeemed or purchased. Except as provided in the preceding sentence, provisions of this Indenture that apply to Notes called for redemption or purchase also apply to portions of Notes called for
redemption or purchase. 
  
 Section 3.03. Notice of Redemption.
Subject to Section 3.09 hereof, the Issuers shall mail or cause to be mailed by first-class mail notices of redemption at least 30 days but not more than 60 days prior to the redemption date to each Holder of Notes to be redeemed at such
Holder’s registered address, except that redemption notices may be mailed more than 60 days prior to a redemption date if the notice is issued in connection with Article 8 or Article 11 hereof. Except as set forth in Section 3.07(b)
hereof, notices of redemption may not be conditional. 
  
 The
notice shall identify the Notes to be redeemed and shall state: 
  
 (a) the redemption date; 
  
 (b) the redemption price; 
  
 (c) if any Note is to be redeemed in part only, the portion of the principal amount of that Note that is to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date upon surrender of such Note, a new Note or Notes in principal
amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the original Note representing the same indebtedness to the extent not redeemed will be issued in the name of the Holder of the Notes upon cancellation of the original Note; 
  
 (d) the name and address of the Paying Agent; 
  
 (e) that Notes called for redemption must be surrendered to
the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price; 
  

 59 

 (f) that, unless the Issuers default in making such redemption payment, interest on Notes
called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date; 
  
 (g) the paragraph or subparagraph of the Notes and/or Section of this Indenture pursuant to which the Notes called for redemption are being redeemed; 
  
 (h) that no representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP number, if any, listed in
such notice or printed on the Notes; and 
  
 (i)
if in connection with a redemption pursuant to Section 3.07(b) hereof, any condition to such redemption. 
  
 At the Issuers’ request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the names of the Issuers and at their expense; provided that the
Issuers shall have delivered to the Trustee, at least 5 Business Days before notice of redemption is required to be mailed or caused to be mailed to Holders pursuant to this Section 3.03 (unless a shorter notice shall be agreed to by the
Trustee), an Officer’s Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the preceding paragraph. 
  
 Section 3.04. Effect of Notice of Redemption. Once notice of redemption is mailed in accordance with
Section 3.03 hereof, Notes called for redemption become irrevocably due and payable on the redemption date at the redemption price (except as provided for in Section 3.07(b) hereof). The notice, if mailed in a manner herein provided, shall
be conclusively presumed to have been given, whether or not the Holder receives such notice. In any case, failure to give such notice by mail or any defect in the notice to the Holder of any Note designated for redemption in whole or in part shall
not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Note. Subject to Section 3.05 hereof, on and after the redemption date, interest ceases to accrue on Notes or portions of Notes called for redemption. 
  
 Section 3.05. Deposit of Redemption or Purchase Price. Prior to 10:00
a.m. (New York City time) on the redemption or purchase date, the Issuers shall deposit with the Trustee or with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption or purchase price of and accrued and unpaid interest (including Additional
Interest, if any) on all Notes to be redeemed or purchased on that date. The Trustee or the Paying Agent shall promptly return to the Issuers any money deposited with the Trustee or the Paying Agent by the Issuers in excess of the amounts necessary
to pay the redemption price of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, all Notes to be redeemed or purchased. 
  
 If the Issuers comply with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, on and after the redemption or purchase date, interest shall cease to accrue on the
Notes or the portions of Notes called for redemption or purchase. If a Note is 

  

 60 

 
redeemed or purchased on or after a Record Date but on or prior to the related Interest Payment Date, then any accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption
or purchase date shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Note was registered at the close of business on such Record Date. If any Note called for redemption or purchase shall not be so paid upon surrender for redemption or purchase because of
the failure of the Issuers to comply with the preceding paragraph, interest shall be paid on the unpaid principal, from the redemption or purchase date until such principal is paid, and to the extent lawful on any interest accrued to the redemption
or purchase date not paid on such unpaid principal, in each case at the rate provided in the Notes and in Section 4.01 hereof. 
  
 Section 3.06. Notes Redeemed or Purchased in Part. Upon surrender of a Note that is redeemed or purchased in part, the Issuers shall issue and the
Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder at the expense of the Issuers a new Note equal in principal amount to the unredeemed or unpurchased portion of the Note surrendered representing the same indebtedness to the extent not redeemed or purchased;
provided that each new Note will be in a principal amount of $2,000 or a multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof. It is understood that, notwithstanding anything in this Indenture to the contrary, only an Authentication Order and not an Opinion
of Counsel or Officer’s Certificate is required for the Trustee to authenticate such new Note. 
  
 Section 3.07. Optional Redemption. (a) At any time prior to June 1, 2010, the Issuers may redeem all or a part of the Notes, upon not less
than 30 nor more than 60 days’ prior notice mailed by first class mail to the registered address of each Holder of Notes, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes redeemed plus the Applicable Premium as of, and
accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Interest, if any, to the date of redemption (the “Redemption Date”), subject to the rights of Holders of Notes on the relevant Record Date to receive interest due on the relevant Interest
Payment Date. 
  
 (b) Until June 1, 2009, the Issuers may, at
their option, redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of Notes issued by it at a redemption price equal to 108.75% of the aggregate principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and Additional Interest, if any, to the
applicable Redemption Date, subject to the right of Holders of Notes of record on the relevant Record Date to receive interest due on the relevant Interest Payment Date, with the net cash proceeds of one or more Equity Offerings; provided
that at least 50% of the sum of the aggregate principal amount of Notes originally issued under this Indenture and any Additional Notes that are Notes issued under this Indenture after the Issue Date remains outstanding immediately after the
occurrence of each such redemption; provided further that each such redemption occurs within 90 days of the date of closing of each such Equity Offering. Notice of any redemption upon any Equity Offering may be given prior to the redemption
thereof, and any such redemption or notice may, at the Issuers’ discretion, be subject to one or more conditions precedent, including, but not limited to, completion of the related Equity Offering. 
  

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 (c) Except pursuant to clause (a) or (b) of this Section 3.07, the Notes will not be
redeemable at the Issuers’ option prior to June 1, 2010. 
  
 (d) On and after June 1, 2010, the Issuers may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ prior notice by first-class mail, postage prepaid, with a copy to the Trustee, to each Holder of
Notes at the address of such Holder appearing in the security register, at the redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed) set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and Additional
Interest, if any, to the applicable Redemption Date, subject to the right of Holders of Notes of record on the relevant Record Date to receive interest due on the relevant Interest Payment Date, if redeemed during the twelve month period beginning
on June 1 of each of the years indicated below: 
  

			
	 Year
	  	Percentage
	 2010
	  	104.375%
	 2011
	  	102.188%
	 2012 and thereafter
	  	100.000%

  
 (e) Any redemption
pursuant to this Section 3.07 shall be made pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.01 through Section 3.06 hereof. 
  
 Section 3.08. Mandatory Redemption. The Issuers shall not be required to make mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the
Notes. 
  
 Section 3.09. Offers to Repurchase by Application of
Excess Proceeds. (a) In the event that, pursuant to Section 4.10 hereof, the Issuers shall be required to commence an Asset Sale Offer, they shall follow the procedures specified below. 
  
 (b) The Asset Sale Offer shall remain open for a period of 20 Business Days
following its commencement and no longer, except to the extent that a longer period is required by applicable law (the “Offer Period”). No later than five Business Days after the termination of the Offer Period (the
“Purchase Date”), the Issuers shall apply all Excess Proceeds (the “Offer Amount”) to the purchase of Notes and, if required, Pari Passu Indebtedness (on a pro rata basis, if applicable), or, if less than the
Offer Amount has been tendered, all Notes and Pari Passu Indebtedness tendered in response to the Asset Sale Offer. Payment for any Notes so purchased shall be made in the same manner as interest payments are made. 
  
 (c) If the Purchase Date is on or after a Record Date and on or before the
related Interest Payment Date, any accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Interest, if any, up to but excluding the Purchase Date, shall be paid to the Person in whose name a Note is registered at the close of business on such Record Date,

  

 62 

 
and no additional interest shall be payable to Holders who tender Notes pursuant to the Asset Sale Offer. 
  
 (d) Upon the commencement of an Asset Sale Offer, the Issuers shall send, by
first-class mail, a notice to each of the Holders, with a copy to the Trustee. The notice shall contain all instructions and materials necessary to enable such Holders to tender Notes pursuant to the Asset Sale Offer. The Asset Sale Offer shall be
made to all Holders and holders of Pari Passu Indebtedness. The notice, which shall govern the terms of the Asset Sale Offer, shall state: 
  
 (i) that the Asset Sale Offer is being made pursuant to this Section 3.09 and Section 4.10 hereof and the length of time the
Asset Sale Offer shall remain open; 
  
 (ii) the
Offer Amount, the purchase price and the Purchase Date; 
  
 (iii) that any Note not tendered or accepted for payment shall continue to accrue interest; 
  
 (iv) that, unless the Issuers default in making such payment, any Note accepted for payment pursuant to the Asset Sale Offer shall cease
to accrue interest after the Purchase Date; 
  
 (v) that Holders electing to have a Note purchased pursuant to an Asset Sale Offer may elect to have Notes purchased in denominations of $2,000 and multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof; 
  
 (vi) that Holders electing to have a Note purchased pursuant
to any Asset Sale Offer shall be required to surrender the Note, with the form entitled “Option of Holder to Elect Purchase” attached to the Note completed, or transfer by book-entry transfer, to the Issuers, the Depositary, if
appointed by the Issuers, or a Paying Agent at the address specified in the notice at least three days before the Purchase Date; 
  
 (vii) that Holders shall be entitled to withdraw their election if any of the Issuers, the Depositary or the Paying Agent, as the case may
be, receives, not later than the expiration of the Offer Period, a telegram, facsimile transmission or letter setting forth the name of the Holder, the principal amount of the Note the Holder delivered for purchase and a statement that such Holder
is withdrawing his election to have such Note purchased; 
  
 (viii) that, if the aggregate principal amount of Notes and Pari Passu Indebtedness surrendered by the holders thereof exceeds the Offer Amount, the Trustee shall select the Notes and such Pari Passu Indebtedness to
be purchased on a pro rata basis based on the accreted value or principal amount of the Notes or such Pari Passu Indebtedness 

  

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tendered (with such adjustments as may be deemed appropriate by the Trustee so that only Notes in denominations of $2,000, or multiples of $1,000 in excess
thereof, shall be purchased); and 
  
 (ix) that
Holders whose Notes were purchased only in part shall be issued new Notes equal in principal amount to the unpurchased portion of the Notes surrendered (or transferred by book-entry transfer) representing the same indebtedness to the extent not
repurchased. 
  
 (e) On or before the Purchase Date, the Issuers
shall, to the extent lawful, (i) accept for payment, on a pro rata basis to the extent necessary, the Offer Amount of Notes or portions thereof validly tendered pursuant to the Asset Sale Offer, or if less than the Offer Amount has been
tendered, all Notes tendered and (ii) deliver or cause to be delivered to the Trustee the Notes properly accepted together with an Officer’s Certificate stating the aggregate principal amount of Notes or portions thereof so tendered.

  
 (f) The Issuers, the Depositary or the Paying Agent, as the
case may be, shall promptly mail or deliver to each tendering Holder an amount equal to the purchase price of the Notes properly tendered by such Holder and accepted by the Issuers for purchase, and the Issuers shall promptly issue a new Note, and
the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall authenticate and mail or deliver (or cause to be transferred by book-entry) such new Note to such Holder (it being understood that, notwithstanding anything in this Indenture to the
contrary, no Opinion of Counsel or Officer’s Certificate is required for the Trustee to authenticate and mail or deliver such new Note) in a principal amount equal to any unpurchased portion of the Note surrendered representing the same
indebtedness to the extent not repurchased; provided, that each such new Note shall be in a principal amount of $2,000 or a multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof. Any Note not so accepted shall be promptly mailed or delivered by the Issuers to
the Holder thereof. The Issuers shall publicly announce the results of the Asset Sale Offer on or as soon as practicable after the Purchase Date. 
  
 Other than as specifically provided in this Section 3.09 or Section 4.10 hereof, any purchase pursuant to this Section 3.09 shall be made
pursuant to the applicable provisions of Section 3.01 through Section 3.06 hereof. 
  
 ARTICLE 4 
 COVENANTS 
  
 Section 4.01. Payment of Notes. The Issuers shall pay or cause to be paid the principal of, premium, if any,
Additional Interest, if any, and interest on the Notes on the dates and in the manner provided in the Notes. Principal, premium, if any, Additional Interest, if any, and interest shall be considered paid on the date due if the Paying Agent, if other
than an Issuer or a Subsidiary, holds as of noon Eastern Time on the due date money deposited by the Issuers in immediately 

  

 64 

 
available funds and designated for and sufficient to pay all principal, premium, if any, and interest then due. 
  
 The Issuers shall pay all Additional Interest, if any, in the same manner on
the dates and in the amounts set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement. 
  
 The Issuers shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue principal at the rate equal to the then applicable interest rate on the Notes to the extent
lawful; they shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue installments of interest and Additional Interest (without regard to any applicable grace period) at the same rate to the extent
lawful. 
  
 Section 4.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency.
The Issuers shall maintain in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York an office or agency (which may be an office of the Trustee or an affiliate of the Trustee, Registrar or co-registrar) where Notes may be surrendered for registration
of transfer or for exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Issuers in respect of the Notes and this Indenture may be served. The Issuers shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location,
of such office or agency. If at any time the Issuers shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served
at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. 
  
 The Issuers may
also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Notes may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided that no such designation or
rescission shall in any manner relieve the Issuers of their obligation to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York for such purposes. The Issuers shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such
designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency. 
  
 The Issuers hereby designate the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as one such office or agency of the Issuers in accordance with Section 2.03
hereof. 
  
 Section 4.03. Reports and Other Information.
(a) Notwithstanding that the Company may not be subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or otherwise report on an annual and quarterly basis on forms provided for such annual and quarterly reporting
pursuant to rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, the Company shall file with the SEC (and make available to the Trustee and Holders of the Notes (without exhibits), without cost to any Holder, within 15 days after the Company files them
with the SEC) from and after the Issue Date, 
  
 (i) within 90 days (or any other time period then in effect under the rules and regulations of the Exchange Act with respect to the 

  

 65 

 
filing of a Form 10-K by a non-accelerated filer) after the end of each fiscal year, annual reports on Form 10-K, or any successor or comparable form,
containing the information required to be contained therein, or required in such successor or comparable form; 
  
 (ii) within 45 days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal year, reports on Form 10-Q containing all
quarterly information that would be required to be contained in Form 10-Q, or any successor or comparable form; 
  
 (iii) promptly from time to time after the occurrence of an event required to be therein reported, such other reports on Form 8-K, or any
successor or comparable form; and 
  
 (iv) any
other information, documents and other reports that the Company would be required to file with the SEC if it were subject to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; 
  
 in each case, in a manner that complies in all material respects with the requirements specified in such form; provided that the
Company shall not be so obligated to file such reports with the SEC if the SEC does not permit such filing, in which event the Company shall make available such information to prospective purchasers of Notes, in addition to providing such
information to the Trustee and the Holders of the Notes, in each case within 15 days after the time the Company would be required to file such information with the SEC, if it were subject to Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. In addition, to
the extent not satisfied by the foregoing, the Company shall furnish to Holders and to securities analysts and prospective investors, upon their request, the information required to be delivered pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4) under the Securities Act.

  
 (b) In the event that any direct or indirect parent company of
the Company becomes a guarantor of the Notes, the Company may satisfy its obligations under this Section 4.03 with respect to financial information relating to the Company by furnishing financial information relating to such parent;
provided that the same is accompanied by consolidating information that explains in reasonable detail the differences between the information relating to such parent, on the one hand, and the information relating to the Company and its
Restricted Subsidiaries on a standalone basis, on the other hand. 
  
 (c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the requirements of this Section 4.03 shall be deemed satisfied prior to the commencement of the Exchange Offer or the effectiveness of the Shelf Registration Statement (i) by the filing with the
SEC of any Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto, with such financial information that satisfies Regulation S-X of the Securities Act or (ii) by posting reports that would be required to be filed substantially in the form required
by the SEC on the Company’s website (or that of any of its parent companies) or providing such reports the Trustee, with financial information that satisfies 

  

 66 

 
Regulation S-X of the Securities Act, subject to exceptions consistent with the presentation of financial information in the Offering Circular, to the extent
filed within the times specified in Section 4.03(a) hereof. 
  
 Section 4.04. Compliance Certificate. (a) Each Issuer and each Guarantor (to the extent that such Guarantor is so required under the Trust Indenture Act) shall deliver to the Trustee, within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year
ending after the Issue Date, a certificate from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer stating that a review of the activities of such Issuer and, in the case of the Company, its Restricted
Subsidiaries, during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officer with a view to determining whether such Issuer has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further
stating, as to such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his or her knowledge such Issuer has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every condition and covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the
performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions, covenants and conditions of this Indenture (or, if a Default shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults of which he or she may have knowledge and what action such Issuer is taking or
proposes to take with respect thereto). 
  
 (b) When any Default
has occurred and is continuing under this Indenture, or if the Trustee or the holder of any other evidence of Indebtedness of the Issuers or any of their respective Subsidiaries gives any notice or takes any other action with respect to a claimed
Default, the Issuers shall promptly (which shall be no more than five (5) Business Days) deliver to the Trustee by registered or certified mail or by facsimile transmission an Officer’s Certificate specifying such event and what action the
Issuers propose to take with respect thereto. 
  
 Section 4.05.
Taxes. The Company shall pay, and the Company shall cause each of its Restricted Subsidiaries to pay, prior to delinquency, all material taxes, assessments, and governmental levies except such as are contested in good faith and by appropriate
negotiations or proceedings or where the failure to effect such payment is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders of the Notes. 
  
 Section 4.06. Stay, Extension and Usury Laws. Each of the Issuers and each of the Guarantors covenant (to the extent that they may lawfully do so)
that they shall not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, that may affect the covenants or the
performance of this Indenture; and each of the Issuers and each of the Guarantors (to the extent that they may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waive all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenant that they shall not, by resort to any such
law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but shall suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted. 
  

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 Section 4.07. Limitation on Restricted Payments. (a) The Company shall not, and shall not permit
any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly: 
  
 (i) declare or pay any dividend or make any payment or distribution on account of the Company’s, or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries’ Equity Interests, including any dividend or distribution payable in
connection with any merger or consolidation other than: 
  
 (A) dividends or distributions by the Company payable solely in Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company; or 
  
 (B) dividends or distributions by a Restricted Subsidiary so long as, in the case of any dividend or
distribution payable on or in respect of any class or series of securities issued by a Restricted Subsidiary other than a Wholly Owned Subsidiary, a majority of such class is owned by the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary and the Company or a
Restricted Subsidiary receives at least its pro rata share of such dividend or distribution in accordance with its Equity Interests in such class or series of securities; 
  
 (ii) purchase, redeem, defease or otherwise acquire or retire for value any Equity Interests of the Company
or any direct or indirect parent of the Company, including in connection with any merger or consolidation; 
  
 (iii) make any principal payment on, or redeem, repurchase, defease or otherwise acquire or retire for value in each case, prior to any
scheduled repayment, sinking fund payment or maturity, any Subordinated Indebtedness, other than: 
  
 (A) Indebtedness permitted under clauses (vii) and (viii) of Section 4.09(b) hereof; or 
  
 (B) the purchase, repurchase or other acquisition of
Subordinated Indebtedness purchased in anticipation of satisfying a sinking fund obligation, principal installment or final maturity, in each case due within one year of the date of purchase, repurchase or acquisition; or 
  
 (iv) make any Restricted Investment 
  
 (all such payments and other actions set forth in clauses (i) through (iv) above
being collectively referred to as “Restricted Payments”), unless, at the time of such Restricted Payment: 
  
 (1) no Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would occur as a consequence thereof; 
  

 68 

 (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction on a pro forma basis, the
Company could incur $1.00 of additional Indebtedness under Section 4.09(a) hereof; and 
  
 (3) such Restricted Payment, together with the aggregate amount of all other Restricted Payments made by the Company and its Restricted
Subsidiaries after the Issue Date (including Restricted Payments permitted by clauses (i), (ii) (with respect to the payment of dividends pursuant to clause (b)), (v), (vi), (ix) and (xiv) (to the extent not deducted in calculating
Consolidated Net Income) of Section 4.07(b) hereof, but excluding all other Restricted Payments permitted by Section 4.07(b) hereof), is less than the sum of (without duplication): 
  
 (a) 50% of the Consolidated Net Income of the Company for
the period (taken as one accounting period) beginning April 1, 2006, to the end of the Company’s most recently ended fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements are available at the time of such Restricted Payment, or, in the
case such Consolidated Net Income for such period is a deficit, minus 100% of such deficit; plus 
  
 (b) 100% of the aggregate net cash proceeds and the fair market value, as determined in good faith by the Company, of marketable
securities or other property received by the Company since immediately after the Issue Date (other than net cash proceeds to the extent such net cash proceeds have been used to incur Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock pursuant to
clause (xii)(a) of Section 4.09(b) hereof) from the issue or sale of: 
  
 (i) (A) Equity Interests of the Company, including Treasury Capital Stock, but excluding cash proceeds and the fair market value, as determined in good faith by the Company, of marketable securities or other
property received from the sale of: 
  
 (x)
Equity Interests to members of management, directors or consultants of the Company, any direct or indirect parent company of the Company and the Company’s Subsidiaries after the Issue Date to the extent such amounts have been applied to
Restricted Payments made in accordance with clause (iv) of Section 4.07(b) hereof; and 
  
 (y) Designated Preferred Stock and 

  

 69 

 
and (B) to the extent such net cash proceeds are actually contributed to the Company, Equity Interests of any direct or indirect parent company of the
Company (excluding contributions of the proceeds from the sale of Designated Preferred Stock of such parent company or contributions to the extent such amounts have been applied to Restricted Payments made in accordance with clause (iv) of
Section 4.07(b) hereof); or 
  
 (ii) debt
securities of the Company that have been converted into or exchanged for such Equity Interests of the Company; 
  
 provided, however, that this clause (b) shall not include the proceeds from (W) Refunding Capital Stock, (X) Equity Interests or
convertible debt securities of the Company sold to a Subsidiary, as the case may be, (Y) Disqualified Stock or debt securities that have been converted into Disqualified Stock or (Z) Excluded Contributions; plus 
  
 (c) 100% of the aggregate amount of cash and the fair market
value, as determined in good faith by the Company, of marketable securities or other property contributed to the capital of the Company following the Issue Date (other than net cash proceeds (i) to the extent such net cash proceeds have been
used to incur Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock pursuant to clause (xii)(a) of Section 4.09(b) hereof, (ii) contributed by a Subsidiary or (iii) constituting an Excluded Contribution); plus 
  
 (d) 100% of the aggregate amount received (which amount
shall not increase Consolidated Net Income) in cash and the fair market value, as determined in good faith by the Company, of marketable securities or other property received by means of: 
  
 (i) the sale or other disposition (other than to the
Company or a Restricted Subsidiary) of Restricted Investments made by the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries and repurchases and redemptions of such Restricted Investments from the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries and repayments of loans
or advances, which constitute Restricted Investments by the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries, in each case after the Issue Date; or, without duplication, 
  

(ii) the sale (other than to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary) of the stock of an Unrestricted Subsidiary or a distribution from
an Unrestricted 

  

 70 

 
Subsidiary (other than in each case to the extent the Investment in such Unrestricted Subsidiary was made by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary pursuant
to clause (vii) of Section 4.07(b) hereof or to the extent such Investment constituted a Permitted Investment) or a dividend from an Unrestricted Subsidiary after the Issue Date; plus 
  
 (e) in the case of the redesignation of an Unrestricted
Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary after the Issue Date, the fair market value of the Investment in such Unrestricted Subsidiary, as determined by the Company in good faith or if, in the case of an Unrestricted Subsidiary, such fair market value
may exceed $40.0 million, in writing by an Independent Financial Advisor, at the time of the redesignation of such Unrestricted Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary, except to the extent the Investment in such Unrestricted Subsidiary was made by
the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary pursuant to clause (vii) of Section 4.07(b) hereof or to the extent such Investment constituted a Permitted Investment. 
  
 (b) The foregoing provisions of Section 4.07(a) hereof shall not prohibit: 
  
 (i) the payment of any dividend within 60 days after the
date of declaration thereof, if at the date of declaration such payment would have complied with the provisions of this Indenture; 
  
 (ii) (A) the redemption, repurchase, retirement or other acquisition of any Equity Interests (“Treasury Capital Stock”)
or Subordinated Indebtedness of the Issuers or any Equity Interests of any direct or indirect parent company of the Company, in exchange for, or out of the proceeds of the substantially concurrent sale (other than to a Restricted Subsidiary) of,
Equity Interests of the Company or any direct or indirect parent company of the Company to the extent contributed to the Company as common equity (in each case, other than any Disqualified Stock) (“Refunding Capital Stock”) and
(B) if immediately prior to the retirement of Treasury Capital Stock, the declaration and payment of dividends thereon was permitted under clause (vi) of this Section 4.07(b), the declaration and payment of dividends on the Refunding
Capital Stock (other than Refunding Capital Stock the proceeds of which were used to redeem, repurchase, retire or otherwise acquire any Equity Interests of any direct or indirect parent company of the Company) in an aggregate amount per year no
greater than the aggregate amount of dividends per annum that were declarable and payable on such Treasury Capital Stock immediately prior to such retirement; 
  

 71 

 (iii) the redemption, repurchase or other acquisition or retirement of Subordinated
Indebtedness of the Issuers or a Guarantor made in exchange for, or out of the proceeds of the substantially concurrent sale of, new Indebtedness of the Issuers or a Guarantor, as the case may be, which is incurred in compliance with
Section 4.09 hereof so long as: 
  
 (A) the
principal amount or accreted value of such new Indebtedness does not exceed the principal amount of (or accreted value, if applicable), plus any accrued and unpaid interest on, the Subordinated Indebtedness being so redeemed, repurchased, acquired
or retired for value, plus the amount of any reasonable premium to be paid (including reasonable tender premiums) any reasonable fees and expenses incurred in connection with the issuance of such new Indebtedness; 
  
 (B) such new Indebtedness is subordinated to the Notes or
the applicable Guarantee at least to the same extent as such Subordinated Indebtedness so purchased, exchanged, redeemed, repurchased, acquired or retired for value; 
  
 (C) such new Indebtedness has a final scheduled maturity date equal to or later than the final scheduled
maturity date of the Subordinated Indebtedness being so redeemed, repurchased, acquired or retired; and 
  
 (D) such new Indebtedness has a Weighted Average Life to Maturity equal to or greater than the remaining Weighted Average Life to Maturity
of the Subordinated Indebtedness being so redeemed, repurchased, acquired or retired; 
  
 (iv) a Restricted Payment to pay for the repurchase, retirement or other acquisition or retirement for value of Equity Interests (other
than Disqualified Stock) of the Company or any of its direct or indirect parent companies held by any future, present or former employee, director or consultant of the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of its direct or indirect parent
companies pursuant to any management equity plan or stock option plan or any other management or employee benefit plan or agreement; provided, however, that the aggregate Restricted Payments made under this clause (iv) do not exceed in
any calendar year $15.0 million (with unused amounts in any calendar year being carried over to succeeding calendar years subject to a maximum (without giving effect to the following proviso) of $30.0 million in any calendar year; provided
further that such amount in any calendar year may be increased by an amount not to exceed: 
  
 (A) the cash proceeds from the sale of Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company and, to the extent contributed to
the Company as equity (other than Disqualified Stock), Equity Interests of any of the Company’s direct or indirect parent companies, in each case to members of management, directors or consultants of the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any
of its direct or indirect parent companies that occurs after the Issue Date, to the extent the cash proceeds from the sale of such Equity Interests have not otherwise been applied to the payment of Restricted Payments; plus 
  

 72 

 (B) the cash proceeds of key man life insurance policies received by the Company or its
Restricted Subsidiaries after the Issue Date; less 
  
 (C) the amount of any Restricted Payments previously made with the cash proceeds described in clauses (A) and (B) of this clause (iv); 
  
 and provided further that cancellation of Indebtedness owing to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries from members of management of the Company, any of
the Company’s direct or indirect parent companies or any of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with a repurchase of Equity Interests of the Company or any of its direct or indirect parent companies will not be deemed to
constitute a Restricted Payment for purposes of this Section 4.07 or any other provision of this Indenture; 
  
 (v) the declaration and payment of dividends to holders of any class or series of Disqualified Stock of the Company or any of its
Restricted Subsidiaries issued in accordance with Section 4.09 hereof to the extent such dividends are included in the definition of “Fixed Charges”; 
  
 (vi) (A) the declaration and payment of dividends to holders of any class or series of Designated Preferred
Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) issued by the Company after the Issue Date; 
  
 (B) the declaration and payment of dividends to a direct or indirect parent company of the Company, the proceeds of which will be used to
fund the payment of dividends to holders of any class or series of Designated Preferred Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of such parent corporation issued after the Issue Date, provided that the amount of dividends paid pursuant to this
clause (B) shall not exceed the aggregate amount of cash actually contributed to the Company from the sale of such Designated Preferred Stock; or 
  

 73 

 (C) the declaration and payment of dividends on Refunding Capital Stock that is Preferred
Stock in excess of the dividends declarable and payable thereon pursuant to clause (ii) of this Section 4.07(b); 
  
 provided, however, in the case of each of (A) and (C) of this clause (vi), that for the most recently ended four full fiscal quarters for which internal
financial statements are available immediately preceding the date of issuance of such Designated Preferred Stock, after giving effect to such issuance or declaration on a pro forma basis, the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries on a
consolidated basis would have had a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of at least 2.00 to 1.00; 
  
 (vii) Investments in Unrestricted Subsidiaries having an aggregate fair market value, taken together with all other Investments made
pursuant to this clause (vii) that are at the time outstanding, without giving effect to the sale of an Unrestricted Subsidiary to the extent the proceeds of such sale do not consist of cash or marketable securities, not to exceed 2.0% of Total
Assets at the time of such Investment (with the fair market value of each Investment being measured at the time made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value); 
  
 (viii) repurchases of Equity Interests deemed to occur upon exercise of stock options or warrants if such
Equity Interests represent a portion of the exercise price of such options or warrants; 
  
 (ix) the declaration and payment of dividends on the Company’s common stock (or the payment of dividends to any direct or indirect
parent entity to fund a payment of dividends on such entity’s common stock), following the first public offering of the Company’s common stock or the common stock of any of its direct or indirect parent companies after the Issue Date, of
up to 6% per annum of the net cash proceeds received by or contributed to the Company in or from any such public offering, other than public offerings with respect to the Company’s common stock registered on Form S-8 and other than any
public sale constituting an Excluded Contribution; 
  
 (x) Restricted Payments that are made with Excluded Contributions; 
  
 (xi) other Restricted Payments in an aggregate amount taken together with all other Restricted Payments made pursuant to this clause (xi) not to exceed the greater of (x) $60.0 million or (y) 1.5% of
Total Assets at the time made; 
  
 (xii) any
Restricted Payment made as part of the Transaction and the fees and expenses related thereto or owed to Affiliates (including dividends to any direct or indirect parent of the Company to permit payment by such parent of such costs), in each case to
the extent permitted 

  

 74 

 
by (or, in the case of a dividend to fund such payment, to the extent such payment, if made by the Company, would be permitted by) Section 4.11 hereof;

  
 (xiii) the repurchase, redemption or other
acquisition or retirement for value of any Subordinated Indebtedness in accordance with the provisions similar to those described under Section 4.10 and Section 4.14 hereof; provided that all Notes tendered by Holders in connection
with a Change of Control Offer or Asset Sale Offer, as applicable, have been repurchased, redeemed or acquired for value; 
  
 (xiv) the declaration and payment of dividends by the Company to, or the making of loans to, any direct or indirect parent in amounts
required for any direct or indirect parent companies to pay, in each case without duplication, 
  
 (A) franchise taxes and other fees, taxes and expenses required to maintain their corporate existence; 
  
 (B) federal, state and local income taxes, to the extent
such income taxes are attributable to the income of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries and, to the extent of the amount actually received from its Unrestricted Subsidiaries, in amounts required to pay such taxes to the extent attributable
to the income of such Unrestricted Subsidiaries; provided that in each case the amount of such payments in any fiscal year does not exceed the amount that the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries would be required to pay in respect of
federal, state and local taxes for such fiscal year were the Company, its Restricted Subsidiaries and its Unrestricted Subsidiaries (to the extent described above) to pay such taxes separately from any such parent entity; 
  
 (C) customary salary, bonus and other benefits payable to
officers and employees of any direct or indirect parent company of the Company to the extent such salaries, bonuses and other benefits are attributable to the ownership or operation of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries; 
  
 (D) general corporate operating and overhead costs and
expenses of any direct or indirect parent company of the Company to the extent such costs and expenses are attributable to the ownership or operation of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries; and 
  
 (E) fees and expenses other than to Affiliates of the
Company (it being understood that Goldman, Sachs & Co. shall not be deemed an Affiliate of the Company for this purpose solely as a result of the equity ownership of the Company’s direct or 

  

 75 

 
indirect parent company by its Affiliates) related to any unsuccessful equity or debt offering of such parent entity; and 
  
 (xv) the distribution, dividend or otherwise, of shares of
Capital Stock of, or Indebtedness owed to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary by Unrestricted Subsidiaries (other than Unrestricted Subsidiaries, the primary assets of which are (i) cash and/or Cash Equivalents or (ii) were contributed
to such Unrestricted Subsidiary in anticipation of such distribution, dividend or other payment, as determined in good faith by the Company); 
  
 provided, however, that at the time of, and after giving effect to, any Restricted Payment permitted under clauses (vii), (xi) or (xv) of this
Section 4.07(b), no Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would occur as a consequence thereof. 
  
 (c) The Company shall not permit any Unrestricted Subsidiary to become a Restricted Subsidiary except pursuant to the last sentence of the definition of
“Unrestricted Subsidiary.” For purposes of designating any Restricted Subsidiary as an Unrestricted Subsidiary, all outstanding Investments by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries (except to the extent repaid) in the
Subsidiary so designated shall be deemed to be Restricted Payments in an amount determined as set forth in the last sentence of the definition of “Investment.” Such designation shall be permitted only if a Restricted Payment in such
amount would be permitted at such time, whether pursuant to Section 4.07(a) hereof or under clause (vii), (x) or (xi) of Section 4.07(b) hereof, or pursuant to the definition of “Permitted Investments,” and if
such Subsidiary otherwise meets the definition of an Unrestricted Subsidiary. 
  
 Section 4.08. Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Restricted Subsidiaries. (a) The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create or
otherwise cause or suffer to exist or become effective any consensual encumbrance or consensual restriction on the ability of any such Restricted Subsidiary to: 
  
 (i) (A) pay dividends or make any other distributions to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries
on its Capital Stock or with respect to any other interest or participation in, or measured by, its profits, or 
  
 (B) pay any Indebtedness owed to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; 
  
 (ii) make loans or advances to the Company or any of its
Restricted Subsidiaries; or 
  
 (iii) sell, lease
or transfer any of its properties or assets to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries. 
  

 76 

 (b) The restrictions in Section 4.08(a) hereof shall not apply to encumbrances or restrictions
existing under or by reason of: 
  
 (i)
contractual encumbrances or restrictions in effect on the Issue Date, including pursuant to the Senior Credit Facilities and the related documentation; 
  
 (ii) the indenture governing the Senior Subordinated Notes, this Indenture, the Senior Subordinated Notes and the Notes; 
  
 (iii) purchase money obligations for property acquired in
the ordinary course of business that impose restrictions of the nature discussed in clause (iii) of Section 4.08(a) hereof on the property so acquired; 
  
 (iv) applicable law or any applicable rule, regulation or order; 
  
 (v) any agreement or other instrument of a Person acquired
by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in existence at the time of such acquisition (but not created in contemplation thereof), which encumbrance or restriction is not applicable to any Person, or the properties or assets of any
Person, other than the Person and its Subsidiaries, or the property or assets of the Person and its Subsidiaries, so acquired; 
  
 (vi) contracts for the sale of assets, including customary restrictions with respect to a Subsidiary of the Company pursuant to an
agreement that has been entered into for the sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the Capital Stock or assets of such Subsidiary; 
  
 (vii) Secured Indebtedness otherwise permitted to be incurred pursuant to Section 4.09 hereof and Section 4.12 hereof that limit
the right of the debtor to dispose of the assets securing such Indebtedness; 
  
 (viii) restrictions on cash or other deposits or net worth imposed by customers under contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business; 
  
 (ix) other Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock of Foreign Subsidiaries or other Restricted
Subsidiaries that are not Guarantors permitted to be incurred subsequent to the Issue Date pursuant to the provisions of Section 4.09 hereof; 
  
 (x) customary provisions in joint venture agreements and other similar agreements relating solely to such joint venture; 
  
 (xi) customary provisions contained in leases or licenses of
intellectual property and other agreements, in each case, entered into in the ordinary course of business; and 
  

 77 

 (xii) any encumbrances or restrictions of the type referred to in clauses (i),
(ii) and (iii) of Section 4.08(a) hereof imposed by any amendments, modifications, restatements, renewals, increases, supplements, refundings, replacements or refinancings of the contracts, instruments or obligations referred to in
clauses (i) through (xi) of this Section 4.08(b); provided that such amendments, modifications, restatements, renewals, increases, supplements, refundings, replacements or refinancings are, in the good faith judgment of the
Company, no more restrictive with respect to such encumbrance and other restrictions taken as a whole than those prior to such amendment, modification, restatement, renewal, increase, supplement, refunding, replacement or refinancing. 
  
 Section 4.09. Limitation on Incurrence of Indebtedness and Issuance of
Disqualified Stock and Preferred Stock. (a) The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, issue, assume, guarantee or otherwise become directly or indirectly liable,
contingently or otherwise (collectively, “incur” and collectively, an “incurrence”) with respect to any Indebtedness (including Acquired Indebtedness) and the Company shall not issue any shares of Disqualified Stock
and shall not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to issue any shares of Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock; provided, however, that the Company may incur Indebtedness (including Acquired Indebtedness) or issue shares of Disqualified Stock,
and any of its Restricted Subsidiaries may incur Indebtedness (including Acquired Indebtedness), issue shares of Disqualified Stock and issue shares of Preferred Stock, if the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio on a consolidated basis for the Company and
its Restricted Subsidiaries’ most recently ended four fiscal quarters for which internal financial statements are available immediately preceding the date on which such additional Indebtedness is incurred or such Disqualified Stock or Preferred
Stock is issued would have been at least 2.00 to 1.00, determined on a pro forma basis (including a pro forma application of the net proceeds therefrom), as if the additional Indebtedness had been incurred, or the Disqualified Stock or
Preferred Stock had been issued, as the case may be, and the application of proceeds therefrom had occurred at the beginning of such four quarter period; provided, further that the maximum amount that Restricted Subsidiaries that are not
Guarantors may incur pursuant to the foregoing shall not exceed $50.0 million. 
  
 (b) The provisions of Section 4.09(a) hereof shall not apply to: 
  
 (i) the incurrence of Indebtedness under Credit Facilities by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries and the issuance and
creation of letters of credit and bankers’ acceptances thereunder (with letters of credit and bankers’ acceptances being deemed to have a principal amount equal to the face amount thereof), up to an aggregate principal amount of $1,685.0
million outstanding at any one time, less principal payments actually made by the borrower thereunder in respect of Indebtedness thereunder with Net Proceeds from an Asset Sale; 
  

 78 

 (ii) the incurrence by the Company and any Guarantor of Indebtedness represented by
(A) the Notes (including any Guarantee) (other than any Additional Notes) or the Senior Subordinated Notes (including Guarantees thereof) and (B) any Notes or Senior Subordinated Notes (including Guarantees thereof) issued in exchange for
the Notes or the Senior Subordinated Notes pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement; 
  
 (iii) Indebtedness of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries in existence on the Issue Date (other than Indebtedness described in
clauses (i) and (ii) of this Section 4.09(b)); 
  
 (iv) Indebtedness (including Capitalized Lease Obligations), Disqualified Stock and Preferred Stock incurred by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, to finance the purchase, lease or improvement of
property (real or personal) or equipment (other than software) that is used or useful in a Similar Business, whether through the direct purchase of assets or the Capital Stock of any Person owning such assets, in an aggregate principal amount at the
date of such incurrence (including all Refinancing Indebtedness (as defined in clause (xii) hereof) incurred to refinance any other Indebtedness incurred pursuant to this clause (iv)) not to exceed the greater of (x) $160.0 million and
(y) 4% of Total Assets; provided, however, that such Indebtedness exists at the date of such purchase or transaction, or is created within 270 days thereafter (it being understood that any Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock
incurred pursuant to this clause (iv) shall cease to be deemed incurred or outstanding for purposes of this clause (iv) but shall be deemed incurred for the purposes of the first paragraph of this covenant from and after the first date on
which the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary could have incurred such Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock under the first paragraph of this covenant without reliance on this clause (iv)); 
  
 (v) Indebtedness incurred by the Company or any of its
Restricted Subsidiaries constituting reimbursement obligations with respect to letters of credit issued in the ordinary course of business, including letters of credit in respect of workers’ compensation claims, or other Indebtedness with
respect to reimbursement type obligations regarding workers’ compensation claims; provided, however, that upon the drawing of such letters of credit or the incurrence of such Indebtedness, such obligations are reimbursed within 30 days
following such drawing or incurrence; 
  
 (vi)
Indebtedness arising from agreements of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries providing for indemnification, adjustment of purchase price or similar obligations, in each case, incurred or assumed in connection with the disposition of any
business, assets or a Subsidiary, other than guarantees of Indebtedness incurred by any Person acquiring all 

  

 79 

 
or any portion of such business, assets or a Subsidiary for the purpose of financing such acquisition; provided, however, that 
  
 (A) such Indebtedness is not reflected on the balance sheet
of the Company, or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (Contingent Obligations referred to in a footnote to financial statements and not otherwise reflected on the balance sheet will not be deemed to be reflected on such balance sheet for purposes of
this clause (vi)(A)); and 
  
 (B) the maximum
assumable liability in respect of all such Indebtedness shall at no time exceed the gross proceeds including non-cash proceeds (the fair market value of such non-cash proceeds being measured at the time received and without giving effect to any
subsequent changes in value) actually received by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with such disposition; 
  
 (vii) Indebtedness of the Company to a Restricted Subsidiary; provided that any such Indebtedness owing to a Restricted Subsidiary
that is not the Co-Issuer or a Guarantor is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Notes; provided further that any subsequent issuance or transfer of any Capital Stock or any other event which results in any Restricted Subsidiary
ceasing to be a such Restricted Subsidiary or any other subsequent transfer of any such Indebtedness (except to the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary) shall be deemed, in each case, to be an incurrence of such Indebtedness not permitted by
this clause (vii); 
  
 (viii) Indebtedness of a
Restricted Subsidiary to the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary; provided that if a Guarantor incurs such Indebtedness to a Restricted Subsidiary that is not the Co-Issuer or a Guarantor, such Indebtedness is expressly subordinated in
right of payment to the Notes or the Guarantee of the Notes of such Guarantor; provided further that any subsequent transfer of any such Indebtedness (except to the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary) shall be deemed, in each case, to
be an incurrence of such Indebtedness not permitted by this clause (viii); 
  
 (ix) shares of Preferred Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary issued to the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary, provided that any subsequent issuance or transfer of any Capital Stock or any other event which
results in any such Restricted Subsidiary ceasing to be a Restricted Subsidiary or any other subsequent transfer of any such shares of Preferred Stock (except to the Company or another of its Restricted Subsidiaries) shall be deemed in each case to
be an issuance of such shares of Preferred Stock not permitted by this clause (ix); 
  

 80 

 (x) Hedging Obligations (excluding Hedging Obligations entered into for speculative
purposes) for the purpose of limiting interest rate risk with respect to any Indebtedness permitted to be incurred pursuant to this Section 4.09, exchange rate risk or commodity pricing risk; 
  
 (xi) obligations in respect of performance, bid, appeal and
surety bonds and completion guarantees provided by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business; 
  
 (xii) (A) Indebtedness or Disqualified Stock of the Company and Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock of the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary equal to 200.0% of the net cash proceeds received by the Company since immediately after the Issue Date from the issue or sale of Equity Interests of the Company or cash contributed to the capital of the Company (in each case,
other than proceeds of Disqualified Stock or sales of Equity Interests to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) as determined in accordance with clauses (iii)(b) and (iii)(c) of Section 4.07(a) hereof to the extent such net cash proceeds or
cash have not been applied pursuant to such clauses to make Restricted Payments or to make other Investments, payments or exchanges pursuant to Section 4.07(b) hereof or to make Permitted Investments (other than Permitted Investments specified
in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) of the definition thereof) and (B) Indebtedness or Disqualified Stock of the Company and Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary not otherwise
permitted hereunder in an aggregate principal amount or liquidation preference, which when aggregated with the principal amount and liquidation preference of all other Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock and Preferred Stock then outstanding and
incurred pursuant to this Section 4.09(b)(xii)(B), does not at any one time outstanding exceed $150.0 million (it being understood that any Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock incurred pursuant to this
Section 4.09(b)(xii)(B) shall cease to be deemed incurred or outstanding for purposes of this Section 4.09(b)(xii)(B) but shall be deemed incurred for the purposes of Section 4.09(a) hereof from and after the first date on which the
Company or such Restricted Subsidiary could have incurred such Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock under Section 4.09(a) hereof without reliance on this Section 4.09(b)(xii)(B)); 
  
 (xiii) the incurrence or issuance by the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary of Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock which serves to refund or refinance any Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock incurred as permitted under Section 4.09(a) hereof and clauses (ii), (iii),
(iv) and (xii)(A) of this Section 4.09(b), this clause (xiii) and clause (xiv) of this Section 4.09(b), including additional Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock incurred to pay 

  

 81 

 
premiums (including reasonable tender premiums), defeasance costs and fees in connection therewith (the “Refinancing Indebtedness”) prior to
its respective maturity; provided, however, that such Refinancing Indebtedness: 
  
 (A) has a Weighted Average Life to Maturity at the time such Refinancing Indebtedness is incurred which is not less than the remaining
Weighted Average Life to Maturity of the Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock being refunded or refinanced, 
  
 (B) to the extent such Refinancing Indebtedness refinances (1) Indebtedness subordinated or pari passu to the Notes or any
Guarantee thereof, such Refinancing Indebtedness is subordinated or pari passu to the Notes or the Guarantee at least to the same extent as the Indebtedness being refinanced or refunded or (2) Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock, such
Refinancing Indebtedness must be Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock, respectively, and 
  
 (C) shall not include: 
  
 (1) Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock of a Subsidiary of the Company that is not an Issuer or a Guarantor that
refinances Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock of the Company; 
  
 (2) Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock of a Subsidiary of the Company that is not an Issuer or a Guarantor that
refinances Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock of a Guarantor; or 
  
 (3) Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary that refinances Indebtedness,
Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock of an Unrestricted Subsidiary; 
  
 and provided further that subclause (A) of this clause (xiii) will not apply to any refunding or refinancing of any Secured Indebtedness; 
  
 (xiv) Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock of (x) the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary
incurred to finance an acquisition or (y) Persons that are acquired by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary or merged into the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary in accordance with the terms of this Indenture; provided that after
giving effect to such acquisition or merger, either 
  

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 (a) the Company would be permitted to incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness
pursuant to the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio test set forth in Section 4.09(a) hereof, or 
  
 (b) the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries is greater than immediately prior to such acquisition
or merger; 
  
 (xv) Indebtedness arising from the
honoring by a bank or other financial institution of a check, draft or similar instrument drawn against insufficient funds in the ordinary course of business, provided that such Indebtedness is extinguished within two Business Days of its
incurrence; 
  
 (xvi) Indebtedness of the Company
or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries supported by a letter of credit issued pursuant to the Credit Facilities, in a principal amount not in excess of the stated amount of such letter of credit; 
  
 (xvii) (A) any guarantee by the Company or a Restricted
Subsidiary of Indebtedness or other obligations of any Restricted Subsidiary so long as the incurrence of such Indebtedness incurred by such Restricted Subsidiary is permitted under the terms of this Indenture, 
  
 (B) any guarantee by a Restricted Subsidiary of Indebtedness
of the Company provided that such guarantee is incurred in accordance with Section 4.15 hereof, or 
  
 (C) any incurrence by the Co-Issuer of Indebtedness as a co-issuer of Indebtedness of the Company that was permitted to be incurred by
another provision of this covenant; and 
  
 (xviii) Indebtedness of Foreign Subsidiaries of the Company incurred not to exceed at any one time outstanding and together with any other Indebtedness incurred under this clause (xviii) 5.0% of the Total Assets of the Foreign
Subsidiaries (it being understood that any Indebtedness incurred pursuant to this clause (xviii) shall cease to be deemed incurred or outstanding for purposes of this clause (xviii) but shall be deemed incurred for the purposes of
Section 4.09(a) hereof from and after the first date on which the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary could have incurred such Indebtedness under Section 4.09(a) hereof without reliance on this clause(xviii)). 
  
 (c) For purposes of determining compliance with this Section 4.09:

  
 (i) in the event that an item of
Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock (or any portion thereof) meets the criteria of more than one of the categories of permitted Indebtedness, Disqualified 

  

 83 

 
Stock or Preferred Stock described in clauses (i) through (xviii) of Section 4.09(b) hereof or is entitled to be incurred pursuant to
Section 4.09(a) hereof, the Company, in its sole discretion, shall classify or reclassify such item of Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock (or any portion thereof) and shall only be required to include the amount and type of
such Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock in one of the above clauses; and 
  
 (ii) at the time of incurrence, the Company shall be entitled to divide and classify an item of Indebtedness in more than one of the types
of Indebtedness described in Sections 4.09(a) and 4.09(b) hereof; 
  
 provided that all Indebtedness outstanding under the Credit Facilities on the Issue Date shall be treated as incurred on the Issue Date under clause (i) of Section 4.09(b) hereof. 
  
 Accrual of interest, the accretion of accreted value and the payment of
interest in the form of additional Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock shall not be deemed to be an incurrence of Indebtedness, Disqualified Stock or Preferred Stock for purposes of this Section 4.09 but shall be included as
Fixed Charges. 
  
 For purposes of determining compliance with any
U.S. dollar denominated restriction on the incurrence of Indebtedness, the U.S. dollar equivalent principal amount of Indebtedness denominated in a foreign currency shall be calculated based on the relevant currency exchange rate in effect on the
date such Indebtedness was incurred, in the case of term debt, or first committed, in the case of revolving credit debt; provided that if such Indebtedness is incurred to refinance other Indebtedness denominated in a foreign currency, and
such refinancing would cause the applicable U.S. dollar denominated restriction to be exceeded if calculated at the relevant currency exchange rate in effect on the date of such refinancing, such U.S. dollar denominated restriction shall be deemed
not to have been exceeded so long as the principal amount of such refinancing Indebtedness does not exceed the principal amount of such Indebtedness being refinanced. 
  
 The principal amount of any Indebtedness incurred to refinance other Indebtedness, if incurred in a different currency from
the Indebtedness being refinanced, shall be calculated based on the currency exchange rate applicable to the currencies in which such respective Indebtedness is denominated that is in effect on the date of such refinancing. 
  
 Section 4.10. Asset Sales. (a) The Company shall not, and shall not
permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, consummate an Asset Sale, unless: 
  
 (i) the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, receives consideration at the time of such Asset Sale at least equal

  

 84 

 
to the fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Company) of the assets sold or otherwise disposed of; and 
  
 (ii) except in the case of a Permitted Asset Swap, at least
75% of the consideration therefor received by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, is in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents; provided however, that for purposes of this Section 4.10 and for no other purpose,
each of the following shall be deemed to be in cash: 
  
 (A) any liabilities (as shown on the Company’s or such Restricted Subsidiary’s most recent balance sheet or in the footnotes thereto) of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, other than liabilities that are by their terms
subordinated to the Notes or, in the case of liabilities of a Guarantor, the Guarantee of such Guarantor, that are assumed by the transferee of any such assets and for which the Company and all of its Restricted Subsidiaries have been validly
released by all creditors in writing, 
  
 (B) any
securities received by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary from such transferee that are converted by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary into cash (to the extent of the cash received) within 180 days following the closing of such Asset
Sale, and 
  
 (C) any Designated Non-cash
Consideration received by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary in such Asset Sale having an aggregate fair market value, taken together with all other Designated Non-cash Consideration received pursuant to this clause (C) that is at that
time outstanding, not to exceed 3.0% of Total Assets at the time of the receipt of such Designated Non-cash Consideration, with the fair market value of each item of Designated Non-cash Consideration being measured at the time received and without
giving effect to subsequent changes in value. 
  
 (b) Within 450
days after the receipt of any Net Proceeds of any Asset Sale, the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, at its option, may apply the Net Proceeds from such Asset Sale, 
  
 (i) to permanently reduce: 
  
 (A) Secured Indebtedness, and to correspondingly reduce commitments with respect thereto; 
  
 (B) Obligations under Indebtedness ranking pari passu
with the Notes (and to correspondingly reduce commitments with respect thereto) or reduce Obligations under the Notes as provided under Section 3.07, through open-market purchases (to the extent such purchases are at or above 100% of 

  

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the principal amount thereof) or by making an Asset Sale Offer (in accordance with the procedures set forth under Section 4.10(c) hereof));
provided that in the case of a reduction of Obligations other than under the Notes, the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to equally and ratably reduce Obligations under the Notes as provided under Section 3.07 hereof,
through open-market purchases (to the extent such purchases are at or above 100% of the principal amount thereof) or by making an offer (in accordance with the procedures set forth under Section 4.10(c) hereof) to all Holders to purchase their
Notes at 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus the amount of accrued but unpaid interest, if any, on the amount of Notes that would otherwise be prepaid, or 
  
 (C) Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary that is not the Co-Issuer or a Guarantor, other than
Indebtedness owed to the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary, 
  
 (ii) to make (A) an Investment in any one or more businesses, provided that such Investment in any business is in the form of the acquisition of Capital Stock and results in the Company or another of its
Restricted Subsidiaries, as the case may be, owning an amount of the Capital Stock of such business such that it constitutes a Restricted Subsidiary, (B) capital expenditures or (C) acquisitions of other assets, in each of (A),
(B) and (C), used or useful in a Similar Business, or 
  
 (iii) to make an investment in (A) any one or more businesses, provided that such Investment in any business is in the form of the acquisition of Capital Stock and results in the Company or another of its
Restricted Subsidiaries, as the case may be, owning an amount of the Capital Stock of such business such that it constitutes a Restricted Subsidiary, (B) properties or (C) acquisitions of other assets that, in each of (A), (B) and
(C), replace the businesses, properties and/or assets that are the subject of such Asset Sale; 
  
 provided that, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, a binding commitment shall be treated as a permitted application of the Net Proceeds from the date of such commitment so long as the
Company, or such other Restricted Subsidiary enters into such commitment with the good faith expectation that such Net Proceeds shall be applied to satisfy such commitment within 180 days of such commitment (an “Acceptable
Commitment”) provided further that if any Acceptable Commitment is later cancelled or terminated for any reason before such Net Proceeds are applied, then such Net Proceeds shall constitute Excess Proceeds. 
  
 (c) Any Net Proceeds from the Asset Sale that are not invested or applied as
provided and within the time period set forth in Section 4.10(b) shall be 

  

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deemed to constitute “Excess Proceeds.” When the aggregate amount of Excess Proceeds exceeds $25.0 million, the Issuers shall make an offer
to all Holders of the Notes and, if required by the terms of any Indebtedness that is pari passu with the Notes (“Pari Passu Indebtedness”), to the holders of such Pari Passu Indebtedness (an “Asset Sale
Offer”), to purchase the maximum aggregate principal amount of the Notes and such Pari Passu Indebtedness that is a multiple of $1,000 (but in a minimum amount of $2,000) that may be purchased out of the Excess Proceeds at an offer price in
cash in an amount equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Interest, if any, to the date fixed for the closing of such offer, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Indenture. The
Issuers shall commence an Asset Sale Offer with respect to Excess Proceeds within ten Business Days after the date that Excess Proceeds exceed $25.0 million by mailing the notice required pursuant to the terms of this Indenture, with a copy to the
Trustee. 
  
 To the extent that the aggregate amount of Notes and
such Pari Passu Indebtedness tendered pursuant to an Asset Sale Offer is less than the Excess Proceeds, the Company may use any remaining Excess Proceeds for general corporate purposes, subject to other covenants contained in this Indenture. If the
aggregate principal amount of Notes or the Pari Passu Indebtedness surrendered by such holders thereof exceeds the amount of Excess Proceeds, the Trustee shall select the Notes and such Pari Passu Indebtedness to be purchased on a pro rata
basis based on the accreted value or principal amount of the Notes or such Pari Passu Indebtedness tendered. Upon completion of any such Asset Sale Offer, the amount of Excess Proceeds shall be reset at zero. Additionally, the Issuers, at their
option, may make an Asset Sale Offer using proceeds from any Asset Sale at any time after consummation of such Asset Sale. Upon consummation of such Asset Sale Offer, any Net Proceeds not required to be used to purchase Notes pursuant to the terms
of the Indenture shall not be deemed Excess Proceeds. 
  
 (d)
Pending the final application of any Net Proceeds pursuant to this Section 4.10, the holder of such Net Proceeds may apply such Net Proceeds temporarily to reduce Indebtedness outstanding under a revolving credit facility or otherwise invest
such Net Proceeds in any manner not prohibited by this Indenture. 
  
 (e) The Issuers shall comply with the requirements of Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act and any other securities laws and regulations thereunder to the extent such laws or regulations are applicable in connection with the repurchase of the
Notes pursuant to an Asset Sale Offer. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the provisions of this Indenture, the Issuers shall comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and shall not
be deemed to have breached their obligations described in this Indenture by virtue thereof. 
  
 Section 4.11. Transactions with Affiliates. (a) The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, make any payment to, or 

  

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sell, lease, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of its properties or assets to, or purchase any property or assets from, or enter into or make or amend any
transaction, contract, agreement, understanding, loan, advance or guarantee with, or for the benefit of, any Affiliate of the Company (each of the foregoing, an “Affiliate Transaction”) involving aggregate payments or consideration
in excess of $5.0 million, unless: 
  
 (i) such
Affiliate Transaction is on terms that are not materially less favorable to the Company or its relevant Restricted Subsidiary than those that would have been obtained in a comparable transaction by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary with an
unrelated Person on an arm’s-length basis; and 
  
 (ii) the Company delivers to the Trustee with respect to any Affiliate Transaction or series of related Affiliate Transactions involving aggregate payments or consideration in excess of $10.0 million, a resolution adopted by the majority of
the disinterested members of the board of directors of the Company approving such Affiliate Transaction and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate certifying that such Affiliate Transaction complies with clause (i) of this
Section 4.11(a). 
  
 (b) The provisions of
Section 4.11(a) hereof shall not apply to the following: 
  
 (i) transactions between or among the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; 
  
 (ii) Restricted Payments permitted by Section 4.07 hereof and the definition of “Permitted Investments”; 

 
 (iii) the payment of management, consulting, monitoring
and advisory fees and related expenses to the Investors pursuant to the Sponsor Management Agreement as in effect on the Issue Date, or any amendment thereto (so long as any such amendment is not disadvantageous to the Holders when taken as a whole
as compared to the applicable agreement as in effect on the Issue Date); 
  
 (iv) the payment of reasonable and customary fees paid to, and indemnities provided on behalf of, officers, directors, employees or consultants of Company, any of its direct or indirect parent companies or any of its
Restricted Subsidiaries; 
  
 (v) transactions in
which the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, as the case may be, delivers to the Trustee a letter from an Independent Financial Advisor stating that such transaction is fair to the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary from a financial
point of view or stating that the terms are not materially less favorable to the Company or its relevant Restricted Subsidiary than those that would have been 

  

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obtained in a comparable transaction by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary with an unrelated Person on an arm’s-length basis; 
  
 (vi) any agreement as in effect as of the Issue Date, or any
amendment thereto (so long as any such amendment is not disadvantageous to the Holders when taken as a whole as compared to the applicable agreement as in effect on the Issue Date); 
  
 (vii) the existence of, or the performance by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of its
obligations under the terms of, any stockholders agreement (including any registration rights agreement or purchase agreement related thereto) to which it is a party as of the Issue Date and any similar agreements which it may enter into thereafter;
provided, however, that the existence of, or the performance by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of obligations under any future amendment to any such existing agreement or under any similar agreement entered into after the
Issue Date shall only be permitted by this clause (vii) to the extent that the terms of any such amendment or new agreement are not otherwise disadvantageous to the Holders when taken as a whole; 
  
 (viii) the Transaction and the payment of all fees and
expenses related to the Transaction, in each case as disclosed in the Offering Circular; 
  
 (ix) transactions with customers, clients, suppliers, or purchasers or sellers of goods or services, in each case in the ordinary course
of business and otherwise in compliance with the terms of this Indenture which are fair to the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, in the reasonable determination of the board of directors of the Company or the senior management thereof, or are
on terms at least as favorable as might reasonably have been obtained at such time from an unaffiliated party; 
  
 (x) the issuance of Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company to any Permitted Holder or to any director, officer,
employee or consultant; 
  
 (xi) payments by the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to any of the Investors (or their Affiliates) made for any financial advisory, financing, underwriting or placement services or in respect of other investment banking activities, including, without
limitation, in connection with acquisitions or divestitures which payments are approved by a majority of the board of directors of the Company in good faith; 
  

(xii) payments or loans (or cancellation of loans) to employees or consultants of the Company, any of its direct or indirect parent

  

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companies or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries and employment agreements, stock option plans and other similar arrangements with such employees or
consultants which, in each case, are approved by the Company in good faith; and 
  
 (xiii) investments by the Investors in securities of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries so long as (A) the investment
is being offered generally to other investors on the same or more favorable terms and (B) the investment constitutes less than 5% of the proposed or outstanding issue amount of such class of securities. 
  
 Section 4.12. Liens. The Company shall not, and shall not permit the
Co-Issuer or any Guarantor to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien (except Permitted Liens) on any asset or property of the Company, the Co-Issuer or any Guarantor, or any income or profits therefrom, or assign
or convey any right to receive income therefrom, unless: 
  
 (a)
in the case of Liens securing Subordinated Indebtedness or other Indebtedness that is subordinated or junior in right of payment to the Notes and the related Guarantees, the Notes and related Guarantees are secured by a Lien on such property, assets
or proceeds that is senior in priority to such Liens; or 
  
 (b)
in all other cases, the Notes or the Guarantees are equally and ratably secured, except that the foregoing shall not apply to (i) Liens securing the Notes and the related Guarantees and (ii) Liens incurred to secure Obligations in respect of any
Indebtedness permitted to be incurred pursuant to Section 4.09(b) (other than Subordinated Indebtedness or Indebtedness referred to in clauses Section 4.09(b)(vii)Section 4.09(b)(viii)Section 4.09(b)(ix) thereof); provided that,
with respect to Liens securing Obligations permitted under this subclause (ii), at the time of incurrence and after giving pro forma effect thereto, the Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio would be no greater than 4.0 to 1.0. 
  
 Section 4.13. Corporate Existence. Subject to Article 5 hereof, the
Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect (a) its corporate existence, and the corporate, partnership or other existence of each of its Restricted Subsidiaries, in accordance with the
respective organizational documents (as the same may be amended from time to time) of the Company or any such Restricted Subsidiary and (b) the rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries;
provided that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right, license or franchise, or the corporate, partnership or other existence of any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than the Co-Issuer), if the Company in good faith
shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole. 
  

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 Section 4.14. Offer to Repurchase Upon Change of Control. (a) If a Change of Control occurs,
unless the Issuers have previously or concurrently mailed a redemption notice with respect to all the outstanding Notes as described under Section 3.07 hereof, the Issuers shall make an offer to purchase all of the Notes pursuant to the offer
described below (the “Change of Control Offer”) at a price in cash (the “Change of Control Payment”) equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Interest,
if any, to the date of purchase, subject to the right of Holders of the Notes of record on the relevant Record Date to receive interest due on the relevant Interest Payment Date. Within 30 days following any Change of Control, the Issuers shall send
notice of such Change of Control Offer by first-class mail, with a copy to the Trustee, to each Holder of Notes to the address of such Holder appearing in the security register with a copy to the Trustee, with the following information: 

 
 (i) that a Change of Control Offer is being made pursuant
to this Section 4.14 and that all Notes properly tendered pursuant to such Change of Control Offer will be accepted for payment by the Issuers; 
  
 (ii) the purchase price and the purchase date, which will be no earlier than 30 days nor later than 60 days from the date such notice is
mailed (the “Change of Control Payment Date”); 
  
 (iii) that any Note not properly tendered will remain outstanding and continue to accrue interest; 
  
 (iv) that unless the Issuers default in the payment of the Change of Control Payment, all Notes accepted for payment pursuant to the
Change of Control Offer will cease to accrue interest on the Change of Control Payment Date; 
  
 (v) that Holders electing to have any Notes purchased pursuant to a Change of Control Offer will be required to surrender such Notes, with
the form entitled “Option of Holder to Elect Purchase” on the reverse of such Notes completed, to the paying agent specified in the notice at the address specified in the notice prior to the close of business on the third Business
Day preceding the Change of Control Payment Date; 
  
 (vi) that Holders shall be entitled to withdraw their tendered Notes and their election to require the Issuers to purchase such Notes, provided that the paying agent receives, not later than the close of business on the 30th day
following the date of the Change of Control notice, a telegram, telex, facsimile transmission or letter setting forth the name of the Holder of the Notes, the principal amount of Notes tendered for purchase, and a statement that such Holder is
withdrawing its tendered Notes and its election to have such Notes purchased; 
  

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 (vii) that if the Issuers are redeeming less than all of the Notes, the Holders of the
remaining Notes will be issued new Notes and such new Notes will be equal in principal amount to the unpurchased portion of the Notes surrendered. The unpurchased portion of the Notes must be equal to $2,000 or a multiple of $1,000 in excess
thereof; and 
  
 (viii) the other instructions,
as determined by the Issuers, consistent with this Section 4.14, that a Holder must follow. 
  
 The notice, if mailed in a manner herein provided, shall be conclusively presumed to have been given, whether or not the Holder receives such notice. If
(a). (a) the notice is mailed in a manner herein provided and (b) any Holder fails to receive such notice or a Holder receives such notice but it is defective, such Holder’s failure to receive such notice or such defect shall not
affect the validity of the proceedings for the purchase of the Notes as to all other Holders that properly received such notice without defect. The Issuers shall comply with the requirements of Rule 14e 1 under the Exchange Act and any other
securities laws and regulations thereunder to the extent such laws or regulations are applicable in connection with the repurchase of Notes pursuant to a Change of Control Offer. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or
regulations conflict with the provisions of this Section 4.14, the Issuers shall comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and shall not be deemed to have breached its obligations under this Section 4.14 by virtue thereof.

  
 (b) On the Change of Control Payment Date, the Issuers shall,
to the extent permitted by law, 
  
 (i) accept
for payment all Notes issued by it or portions thereof properly tendered pursuant to the Change of Control Offer, 
  
 (ii) deposit with the Paying Agent an amount equal to the aggregate Change of Control Payment in respect of all Notes or portions thereof
so tendered, and 
  
 (iii) deliver, or cause to
be delivered, to the Trustee for cancellation the Notes so accepted together with an Officer’s Certificate to the Trustee stating that such Notes or portions thereof have been tendered to and purchased by the Issuers. 
  
 (c) The Issuers shall not be required to make a Change of Control Offer
following a Change of Control if a third party makes the Change of Control Offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements set forth in this Section 4.14 applicable to a Change of Control Offer made by the
Issuers and purchases all Notes validly tendered and not withdrawn under such Change of Control Offer. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, a Change of Control Offer may be made in advance of a Change of Control, conditional upon such
Change of Control, if a definitive agreement is in place for the Change of Control at the time of making of the Change of Control Offer. 
  

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 (d) Other than as specifically provided in this Section 4.14, any purchase pursuant to this
Section 4.14 shall be made pursuant to the provisions of Sections Section 3.02, Section 3.05 and Section 3.06 hereof. 
  
 Section 4.15. Limitation on Guarantees of Indebtedness by Restricted Subsidiaries. The Company shall not permit any of its Wholly-Owned
Subsidiaries that are Restricted Subsidiaries (and non-Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries if such non-Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries guarantee other capital markets debt securities), other than the Co-Issuer, a Guarantor or a Foreign Subsidiary guaranteeing
Indebtedness of another Foreign Subsidiary, to guarantee the payment of any Indebtedness of the Issuers or any Guarantor unless: 
  
 (a) such Restricted Subsidiary within 30 days executes and delivers a supplemental indenture to this Indenture, the form of which is attached as
Exhibit D hereto, providing for a Guarantee by such Restricted Subsidiary, except that with respect to a guarantee of Indebtedness of the Company, the Co-Issuer or any Guarantor, if such Indebtedness is by its express terms subordinated in
right of payment to the Notes or such Guarantor’s Guarantee, any such guarantee by such Restricted Subsidiary with respect to such Indebtedness shall be subordinated in right of payment to such Guarantee substantially to the same extent as such
Indebtedness is subordinated to the Notes; and 
  
 (b) such
Restricted Subsidiary waives and shall not in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any rights of reimbursement, indemnity or subrogation or any other rights against the Company or any other Restricted Subsidiary as a
result of any payment by such Restricted Subsidiary under its Guarantee; 
  
 provided that this Section 4.15 shall not be applicable to any guarantee of any Restricted Subsidiary that existed at the time such Person became a Restricted Subsidiary and was not incurred in connection with, or in
contemplation of, such Person becoming a Restricted Subsidiary. 
  
 Section 4.16. Discharge and Suspension of Covenants. (a) If after the Issue Date (i) the Notes have Investment Grade Ratings from both Rating Agencies and (ii) no Default has occurred and is continuing under this Indenture
(the occurrence of the events described in the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii) being collectively referred to as a “Covenant Suspension Event”), the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries will not be subject to the
following covenants: Section 4.07 hereof, Section 4.08 hereof, Section 4.09 hereof, Section 4.10 hereof, Section 4.11 hereof, Section 4.14 hereof, Section 4.15 hereof and clause (iv) of Section 5.01(a)
(collectively, the “Suspended Covenants”). 
  
 (b) In the event that the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries are not subject to the Suspended Covenants under this Indenture for any period of time as a result of the foregoing, and on any subsequent date one or both of the Rating
Agencies withdraw their Investment Grade Rating or downgrade the rating 

  

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assigned to the Notes below an Investment Grade Rating, then the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries shall thereafter again be subject to the Suspended
Covenants under this Indenture with respect to future events. The period of time between the Suspension Date and the Reversion Date is referred to herein as the “Suspension Period.” The Guarantees of the Guarantors will be suspended
during the Suspension Period and reinstated upon termination thereof. Additionally, upon the occurrence of a Covenant Suspension Event, the amount of Excess Proceeds from Net Proceeds shall be reset at zero. 
  
 (c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of any reinstatement pursuant
to Section 4.16(b), no action taken or omitted to be taken by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries prior to such reinstatement shall give rise to a Default or Event of Default under this Indenture with respect to the Notes;
provided that (i) with respect to Restricted Payments made after any such reinstatement, the amount of Restricted Payments made will be calculated as though the covenant described in Section 4.07 hereof had been in effect prior to,
but not during the Suspension Period; provided that any Subsidiaries designated as Unrestricted Subsidiaries during the Suspension Period shall automatically become Restricted Subsidiaries on the Reversion Date (subject to the Company’s
right to subsequently designate them as Unrestricted in accordance with this Indenture) and (ii) all Indebtedness incurred, or Disqualified Stock issued, during the Suspension Period will be classified to have been incurred or issued pursuant
to clause (iii) of Section 4.09(b). 
  
 (d) The Company
shall deliver promptly to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate notifying it of any Covenant Suspension Event or reinstatement of covenants under this Section 4.16. 
  
 Section 4.17. Limitation on Activities of the Co-Issuer. The Co-Issuer shall not hold any assets, become liable for
any obligations or engage in any business activities; provided that it may be a co-obligor with respect to the Notes, the Senior Subordinated Notes or any other Indebtedness issued by the Company, and may engage in any activities directly
related thereto or necessary in connection therewith. The Co-Issuer shall be a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of the Company at all times. 
  
 ARTICLE 5 
 SUCCESSORS

  
 Section 5.01. Merger, Consolidation or Sale of All or
Substantially All Assets. (a) The Company shall not consolidate or merge with or into or wind up into (whether or not the Company is the surviving Person), or sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all
of its properties or assets, in one or more related transactions, to any Person unless: 
  
 (i) either: (A) the Company is the surviving Person; or (B) the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger
(if other 

  

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than the Company) or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition will have been made is a corporation, partnership,
trust or limited liability company organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any State thereof, the District of Columbia, or any territory thereof (such Person, as the case may be, being herein called the “Successor
Company”); 
  
 (ii) the Successor
Company, if other than the Company, expressly assumes all the obligations of the Company under the Notes and the Registration Rights Agreement pursuant to supplemental indentures or other documents or instruments in form reasonably satisfactory to
the Trustee; 
  
 (iii) immediately after such
transaction, no Default exists; 
  
 (iv)
immediately after giving pro forma effect to such transaction and any related financing transactions, as if such transactions had occurred at the beginning of the applicable four quarter period, 
  
 (A) the Successor Company would be permitted to incur at
least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness pursuant to the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio test set forth in Section 4.09(a) hereof, or 
  
 (B) the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio for the Successor Company, the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries would be greater than such
Ratio for the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries immediately prior to such transaction; 
  
 (v) each Guarantor, unless it is the other party to the transactions described above, in which case Section 5.01(c)(i)(B) hereof
shall apply, shall have by supplemental indenture confirmed that its Guarantee shall apply to such Person’s obligations under this Indenture, the Notes and the Registration Rights Agreement; and 
  
 (vi) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such supplemental indentures, if any, comply with this Indenture. 
  
 (b) Notwithstanding clauses (iii) and (iv) of Section 5.01(a) hereof, 
  
 (i) any Restricted Subsidiary may consolidate with or merge
into or transfer all or part of its properties and assets to the Company, and 
  
 (ii) the Company may merge with an Affiliate of the Company as the case may be, solely for the purpose of reincorporating the Company in the United States or any State thereof, the District of Columbia or any 

  

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territory thereof so long as the amount of Indebtedness of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries is not increased thereby. 
  
 (c) Subject to Section 10.06 governing release of a Guarantee upon the
sale, disposition or transfer of a Guarantor, no Guarantor shall, and the Company shall not permit any Guarantor to, consolidate or merge with or into or wind up into (whether or not the Company or Guarantor is the surviving Person), or sell,
assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its properties or assets, in one or more related transactions, to any Person unless: 
  
 (i) (A) such Guarantor is the surviving Person or the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation
or merger (if other than such Guarantor) or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition will have been made is a corporation organized or existing under the laws of the jurisdiction of organization of such
Guarantor, as the case may be, or the laws of the United States, any State thereof, the District of Columbia, or any territory thereof (such Guarantor or such Person, as the case may be, being herein called the “Successor Person”);

  
 (B) the Successor Person, if other than such
Guarantor, expressly assumes all the obligations of such Guarantor under this Indenture and such Guarantor’s related Guarantee pursuant to supplemental indentures or other documents or instruments in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee;

  
 (C) immediately after such transaction, no
Default exists; and 
  
 (D) the Company shall
have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such supplemental indentures, if any, comply with this Indenture; or 
  
 (ii) the transaction is made in compliance with
Section 4.10 hereof. 
  
 (d) Notwithstanding the foregoing,
any Guarantor may merge into or transfer all or part of its properties and assets to another Guarantor or the Company. 
  

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 (e) The Co-Issuer shall not consolidate with, merge into, sell, assign, convey, transfer, lease or
otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its property and assets to, any Person, or permit any Person to merge with or into the Co-Issuer unless: 
  
 (i) concurrently therewith, a corporate Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company organized and validly existing under the laws of
the United States or any jurisdiction thereof (which may be the continuing Person as a result of such transaction) shall expressly assume, by a supplemental Indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and in form and substance satisfactory to
the Trustee, all of the obligations of an issuer under the notes, the Indenture and the Registration Rights Agreement; or 
  
 (ii) after giving effect thereto, at least one obligor on the notes shall be a corporation organized and validly existing under the laws
of the United States or any jurisdiction thereof; and 
  
 (iii) immediately after such transaction, no Default or Event of Default will have occurred and be continuing. 
  
 Section 5.02. Successor Substituted. Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition of
all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or the Co-Issuer in accordance with Section 5.01 hereof, the successor formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company or the Co-Issuer, as the case may be, is merged or to
which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such consolidation, merger, sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition, the
provisions of this Indenture referring to the Company or the Co-Issuer, as the case may be, shall refer instead to the successor corporation and not to the Company or the Co-Issuer, as the case may be), and may exercise every right and power of the
Company or the Co-Issuer, as the case may be, under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company or the Co-Issuer, as the case may be, herein; provided that the predecessor Company shall not be
relieved from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest and Additional Interest, if any, on the Notes except in the case of a sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all of the assets of the Company that meets the
requirements of Section 5.01 hereof. 
  
 ARTICLE 6

 DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES 
  
 Section 6.01. Events of Default. (a) An “Event of Default” wherever used herein, means any one of
the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any
administrative or governmental body): 
  
 (i)
default in payment when due and payable, upon redemption, acceleration or otherwise, of principal of, or premium, if any, on the Notes; 
  

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 (ii) default for 30 days or more in the payment when due of interest or Additional
Interest on or with respect to the Notes; 
  
 (iii) failure by the Issuers or any Guarantor for 60 days after receipt of written notice given by the Trustee or the Holders of not less 25% in principal amount of the Notes to comply with any of their respective obligations, covenants or
agreements (other than a default referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) above) contained in this Indenture or the Notes; 
  
 (iv) default under any mortgage, indenture or instrument under which there is issued or by which there is secured or evidenced any
Indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or the payment of which is guaranteed by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, other than Indebtedness owed to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary,
whether such Indebtedness or guarantee now exists or is created after the issuance of the Notes, if both: 
  
 (A) such default either results from the failure to pay any principal of such Indebtedness at its stated final maturity (after giving
effect to any applicable grace periods) or relates to an obligation other than the obligation to pay principal of any such Indebtedness at its stated final maturity and results in the holder or holders of such Indebtedness causing such Indebtedness
to become due prior to its stated maturity; and 
  
 (B) the principal amount of such Indebtedness, together with the principal amount of any other such Indebtedness in default for failure to pay principal at stated final maturity (after giving effect to any applicable grace periods), or the
maturity of which has been so accelerated, aggregate $50.0 million or more at any one time outstanding; 
  
 (v) failure by the Company or any Significant Subsidiary to pay final judgments aggregating in excess of $50.0 million, which final
judgments remain unpaid, undischarged and unstayed for a period of more than 60 days after such judgment becomes final, and in the event such judgment is covered by insurance, an enforcement proceeding has been commenced by any creditor upon such
judgment or decree which is not promptly stayed; 
  
 (vi) the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries that is a Significant Subsidiary or any group of Restricted Subsidiaries that, taken together, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary, pursuant to or within the meaning of any
Bankruptcy Law: 
  
 (A) commences proceedings to
be adjudicated bankrupt or insolvent; 
  

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 (B) consents to the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against it, or
the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under applicable Bankruptcy law; 
  
 (C) consents to the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of it or for all or
substantially all of its property; 
  
 (D) makes
a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or 
  
 (E) generally is not paying its debts as they become due; 
  
 (vii) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that: 
  
 (A) is for relief against the Company or any of its
Restricted Subsidiaries that is a Significant Subsidiary or any group of Restricted Subsidiaries that, taken together, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary, in a proceeding in which the Company or any such Restricted Subsidiary that is a
Significant Subsidiary or any group of Restricted Subsidiaries that, taken together, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary, is to be adjudicated bankrupt or insolvent; 
  
 (B) appoints a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries that is a Significant Subsidiary or any group of Restricted Subsidiaries that, taken together, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary, or for all or substantially all of the property of the Company or
any of its Restricted Subsidiaries that is a Significant Subsidiary or any group of Restricted Subsidiaries that, taken together, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary; or 
  
 (C) orders the liquidation of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries that is a Significant
Subsidiary or any group of Restricted Subsidiaries that, taken together, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary; 
  
 and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 consecutive days; or 
  
 (viii) the Guarantee of any Significant Subsidiary shall for any reason cease to be in full force and effect
or be declared null and void or any responsible officer of any Guarantor that is a Significant Subsidiary, 

  

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as the case may be, denies that it has any further liability under its Guarantee or gives notice to such effect, other than by reason of the termination of
this Indenture or the release of any such Guarantee in accordance with this Indenture. 
  
 (b) In the event of any Event of Default specified in clause (iv) of Section 6.01(a) hereof, such Event of Default and all consequences thereof (excluding any resulting payment default, other than as a
result of acceleration of the Notes) shall be annulled, waived and rescinded, automatically and without any action by the Trustee or the Holders, if within 20 days after such Event of Default arose: 
  
 (i) the Indebtedness or guarantee that is the basis for such
Event of Default has been discharged; or 
  
 (ii)
holders thereof have rescinded or waived the acceleration, notice or action (as the case may be) giving rise to such Event of Default; or 
  
 (iii) the default that is the basis for such Event of Default has been cured. 
  
 Section 6.02. Acceleration. (a) If any Event of Default (other than an
Event of Default specified in clause (vi) or (vii) of Section 6.01(a) hereof with respect to the Company) occurs and is continuing under this Indenture, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then total
outstanding Notes may declare the principal, premium, if any, interest and any other monetary obligations on all the then outstanding Notes to be due and payable immediately. 
  
 Upon such declaration, such principal and interest shall be due and payable immediately. The Trustee shall have no
obligation to accelerate the Notes if and so long as a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines acceleration is not in the best interest of the Holders of the Notes. 
  
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of an Event of Default arising under clause (vi) or (vii) of
Section 6.01(a) hereof with respect to the Company, all outstanding Notes shall be due and payable immediately without further action or notice. 
  
 The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes by written notice to the Trustee may on behalf of all of the Holders
rescind an acceleration and its consequences if the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree and if all existing Events of Default (except nonpayment of principal, interest, Additional Interest, if any, or premium that has become
due solely because of the acceleration) have been cured or waived. 
  

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 Section 6.03. Other Remedies. If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may
pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on the Notes or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Notes or this Indenture. 
  
 The Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Notes or does not produce any of them in the
proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Holder of a Note in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default. All
remedies are cumulative to the extent permitted by law. 
  
 Section 6.04. Waiver of Past Defaults. Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes by notice to the Trustee may on behalf of the Holders of all of the Notes waive any existing
Default and its consequences hereunder, except a continuing Default in the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, Additional Interest, if any, or interest on, any Note held by a non-consenting Holder (including in connection with an Asset
Sale Offer or a Change of Control Offer); provided, subject to Section 6.02 hereof, that the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including
any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration. Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such
waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon. 
  
 Section 6.05. Control by Majority. Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then total outstanding Notes may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to
the Trustee or of exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee. The Trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or this Indenture or that the Trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any
other Holder of a Note or that would involve the Trustee in personal liability. 
  
 Section 6.06. Limitation on Suits. Subject to Section 6.07 hereof, no Holder of a Note may pursue any remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Notes unless: 
  
 (a) such Holder has previously given the Trustee notice that
an Event of Default is continuing; 
  
 (b)
Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the total outstanding Notes have requested the Trustee to pursue the remedy; 
  
 (c) Holders of the Notes have offered the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against any loss, liability or expense; 
  

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 (d) the Trustee has not complied with such request within 60 days after the receipt
thereof and the offer of security or indemnity; and 
  
 (e) Holders of a majority in principal amount of the total outstanding Notes have not given the Trustee a direction inconsistent with such request within such 60 day period. 
  
 A Holder of a Note may not use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder of a Note or to obtain a preference
or priority over another Holder of a Note. 
  
 Section 6.07.
Rights of Holders of Notes to Receive Payment. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Note to receive payment of principal, premium, if any, and Additional Interest, if any, and interest on the Note,
on or after the respective due dates expressed in the Note (including in connection with an Asset Sale Offer or a Change of Control Offer), or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be
impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder. 
  
 Section 6.08. Collection Suit by Trustee. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(a)(i) or (ii) hereof occurs and is continuing, the Trustee is authorized to recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an
express trust against the Issuers for the whole amount of principal of, premium, if any, and Additional Interest, if any, and interest remaining unpaid on the Notes and interest on overdue principal and, to the extent lawful, interest and such
further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel. 
  
 Section 6.09. Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or
any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every
such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the Issuers, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the
Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding has been instituted. 
  
 Section 6.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes in Section 2.07 hereof, no right or
remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right
and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The 

  

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assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate
right or remedy. 
  
 Section 6.11. Delay or Omission Not
Waiver. No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Note to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an
acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.

  
 Section 6.12. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. The
Trustee is authorized to file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances
of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and the Holders of the Notes allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Notes including the Co-Issuer and the Guarantors), its creditors or its property and
shall be entitled and empowered to participate as a member in any official committee of creditors appointed in such matter and to collect, receive and distribute any money or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and any custodian
in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to
it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof. To the extent that the payment of any such compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof out of the estate in any such proceeding, shall be denied for any reason, payment of the same shall be secured by
a Lien on, and shall be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities and other properties that the Holders may be entitled to receive in such proceeding whether in liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or
arrangement or otherwise. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Notes
or the rights of any Holder, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding. 
  
 Section 6.13. Priorities. If the Trustee collects any money pursuant to this Article 6, it shall pay out the money in the following order:

  
 (a) to the Trustee, its agents and attorneys
for amounts due under Section 7.07 hereof, including payment of all compensation, 

  

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expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and the costs and expenses of collection; 
  
 (b) to Holders of Notes for amounts due and unpaid on the
Notes for principal, premium, if any, and Additional Interest, if any, and interest, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Notes for principal, premium, if any, and Additional Interest,
if any, and interest, respectively; and 
  
 (c)
to the Company or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct, including the Co-Issuer or a Guarantor, if applicable. 
  
 The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Holders of Notes pursuant to this Section 6.13. 
  
 Section 6.14 . Undertaking for Costs. In any suit for the enforcement
of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as a Trustee, a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs
of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by the party
litigant. This Section 6.14 does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder of a Note pursuant to Section 6.07 hereof, or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes. 
  
 ARTICLE 7 
 TRUSTEE 
  
 Section 7.01. Duties of Trustee. (a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of
care and skill in its exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs. 
  
 (b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default: 
  
 (i) the duties of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture and the Trustee need perform only
those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and 
  
 (ii) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the
statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to 

  

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the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture. However, in the case of any such certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are
specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture. 
  
 (c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for its own negligent
action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that: 
  
 (i) this paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section 7.01; 
  
 (ii) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of
judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved in a court of competent jurisdiction that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and 
  
 (iii) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in
accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 6.05 hereof. 
  
 (d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Section 7.01. 
  
 (e) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or
powers under this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of the Notes unless the Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity or security against any loss, liability or expense. 
  
 (f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it
except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Issuers. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. 
  
 Section 7.02. Rights of Trustee. (a) The Trustee may conclusively rely upon any document believed by it to be genuine
and to have been signed or presented by the proper Person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as
it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Issuers, personally or by agent or attorney at the sole cost of the Issuers and
shall incur no liability or additional liability of any kind by reason of such inquiry or investigation. 
  
 (b) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officer’s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee shall not
be 

  

 105 

 
liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee may consult
with counsel of its selection and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection from liability in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith
and in reliance thereon. 
  
 (c) The Trustee may act through its
attorneys and agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent or attorney appointed with due care. 
  
 (d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith that it believes to be authorized or within the rights or
powers conferred upon it by this Indenture. 
  
 (e) Unless
otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from an Issuer shall be sufficient if signed by an Officer of such Issuer. 
  
 (f) None of the provisions of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise to incur
any liability, financial or otherwise, in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or indemnity satisfactory to
it against such risk or liability is not assured to it. 
  
 (g)
The Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a Default is received by the
Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Notes and this Indenture. 
  
 (h) In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for special, indirect, or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but
not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action. 
  
 (i) The rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its
right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian and other Person employed to act hereunder. 
  
 (j) In the event the Issuers are required to pay Additional Interest, the
Issuers will provide written notice to the Trustee of the Issuers’ obligation to pay Additional Interest no later than 15 days prior to the next Interest Payment Date, which notice shall set forth the amount of the Additional Interest to be
paid by the Issuers. The Trustee shall not at any time be under any duty or responsibility to 

  

 106 

 
any Holders to determine whether the Additional Interest is payable and the amount thereof. 
  
 Section 7.03. Individual Rights of Trustee. The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner
or pledgee of Notes and may otherwise deal with the Issuers or any Affiliate of the Issuers with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. However, in the event that the Trustee acquires any conflicting interest it must eliminate such
conflict within 90 days, apply to the SEC for permission to continue as trustee or resign. Any Agent may do the same with like rights and duties. The Trustee is also subject to Section 7.10 and Section 7.11 hereof. 
  
 Section 7.04. Trustee’s Disclaimer. The Trustee shall not be
responsible for and makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Notes, it shall not be accountable for the Issuers’ use of the proceeds from the Notes or any money paid to the Issuers or upon the
Issuers’ direction under any provision of this Indenture, it shall not be responsible for the use or application of any money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee, and it shall not be responsible for any statement or recital
herein or any statement in the Notes or any other document in connection with the sale of the Notes or pursuant to this Indenture other than its certificate of authentication. 
  
 Section 7.05. Notice of Defaults. If a Default occurs and is continuing and if it is known to the Trustee, the
Trustee shall mail to Holders of Notes a notice of the Default within 90 days after it occurs. Except in the case of a Default relating to the payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest on any Note, the Trustee may withhold from the Holders
notice of any continuing Default if and so long as a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the Holders of the Notes. The Trustee shall not be deemed to know of any Default
unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is such a Default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. 
  
 Section 7.06. Reports by Trustee to Holders of the Notes. Within 60
days after each May 15, beginning with the May 15 following the date of this Indenture, and for so long as Notes remain outstanding, the Trustee shall mail to the Holders of the Notes a brief report dated as of such reporting date that
complies with Trust Indenture Act Section 313(a) (but if no event described in Trust Indenture Act Section 313(a) has occurred within the twelve months preceding the reporting date, no report need be transmitted). The Trustee also shall
comply with Trust Indenture Act Section 313(b)(2). The Trustee shall also transmit by mail all reports as required by Trust Indenture Act Section 313(c). 
  
 A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to the Holders of Notes shall be mailed to the Issuers and filed with the
SEC and each stock exchange on which the Notes are listed in accordance with Trust Indenture Act Section 313(d). 

  

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The Issuers shall promptly notify the Trustee when the Notes are listed on any stock exchange. 
  
 Section 7.07. Compensation and Indemnity. The Issuers shall pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation
for its acceptance of this Indenture and services hereunder as the parties shall agree in writing from time to time. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Issuers shall
reimburse the Trustee promptly upon request for all reasonable disbursements, advances and expenses incurred or made by it in addition to the compensation for its services. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation, disbursements and
expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel. 
  
 The Issuers
and the Guarantors, jointly and severally, shall indemnify the Trustee for, and hold the Trustee harmless against, any and all loss, damage, claims, liability or expense (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by it in connection with the
acceptance or administration of this trust and the performance of its duties hereunder (including the costs and expenses of enforcing this Indenture against the Issuers or any of the Guarantors (including this Section 7.07) or defending itself
against any claim whether asserted by any Holder, the Issuers or any Guarantor, or liability in connection with the acceptance, exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder). The Trustee shall notify the Issuers promptly of any
claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Issuers shall not relieve the Issuers of their obligations hereunder. The Issuers shall defend the claim and the Trustee may have separate counsel and the Issuers shall
pay the fees and expenses of such counsel. The Issuers need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss, liability or expense incurred by the Trustee through the Trustee’s own willful misconduct, negligence or bad faith. 

 
 The obligations of the Issuers under this Section 7.07 shall survive
the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or the earlier resignation or removal of the Trustee. 
  
 To secure the payment obligations of the Issuers and the Guarantors in this Section 7.07, the Trustee shall have a Lien prior to the Notes on all
money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal and interest on particular Notes. Such Lien shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. 
  
 When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of
Default specified in Section 6.01(a)(vi) or (vii) hereof occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any
Bankruptcy Law. 
  

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 The Trustee shall comply with the provisions of Trust Indenture Act Section 313(b)(2) to the extent
applicable. 
  
 Section 7.08. Replacement of Trustee. A
resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section 7.08. The Trustee may resign in writing at any time
and be discharged from the trust hereby created by so notifying the Issuers. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may remove the Trustee by so notifying the Trustee and the Issuers in writing. The Issuers may
remove the Trustee if: 
  
 (a) the Trustee fails to comply with
Section 7.10 hereof; 
  
 (b) the Trustee is adjudged a
bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law; 
  
 (c) a custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or 
  
 (d) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting. 
  
 If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Issuers shall
promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by
the Issuers. 
  
 If a successor Trustee does not take office
within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee (at the Issuers’ expense), the Issuers or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee. 
  
 If
the Trustee, after written request by any Holder who has been a Holder for at least six months, fails to comply with Section 7.10 hereof, such Holder may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the
appointment of a successor Trustee. 
  
 A successor Trustee shall
deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Issuers. Thereupon, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties
of the Trustee under this Indenture. The successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to Holders. The retiring Trustee shall promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee; provided all sums owing to
the Trustee hereunder have been paid and subject to the Lien provided for in Section 7.07 hereof. Notwithstanding 

  

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replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Issuers’ obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of
the retiring Trustee. 
  
 Section 7.09. Successor Trustee by
Merger, Etc. If the Trustee consolidates, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.

  
 Section 7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification. There
shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any State thereof that is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trustee power, that is
subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities and that has a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. 
  
 This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of
Trust Indenture Act Sections 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee is subject to Trust Indenture Act Section 310(b). 
  
 Section 7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Issuers. The Trustee is subject to Trust Indenture Act Section 311(a), excluding any
creditor relationship listed in Trust Indenture Act Section 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Trust Indenture Act Section 311(a) to the extent indicated therein. 
  
 ARTICLE 8 
 LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE 
  
 Section 8.01. Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. The Issuers may, at their option and at any
time, elect to have either Section 8.02 or Section 8.03 hereof applied to all outstanding Notes upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article 8. 
  
 Section 8.02. Legal Defeasance and Discharge. Upon the Issuers’ exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the
option applicable to this Section 8.02, the Issuers and the Guarantors shall, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, be deemed to have been discharged from their obligations with respect to all
outstanding Notes and Guarantees on the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (“Legal Defeasance”). For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Issuers shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire
Indebtedness represented by the outstanding Notes, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “outstanding” only for the purposes of Section 8.05 hereof and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in (a) and (b) below,
and to have satisfied all their other obligations under such Notes and this Indenture including that of the Guarantors (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Issuers, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the 

  

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same), except for the following provisions which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: 
  
 (a) the rights of Holders of Notes to receive payments in
respect of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Notes when such payments are due solely out of the trust created pursuant to this Indenture referred to in Section 8.04 hereof; 
  
 (b) the Issuers’ obligations with respect to Notes
concerning issuing temporary Notes, registration of such Notes, mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes and the maintenance of an office or agency for payment and money for security payments held in trust; 
  
 (c) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the
Trustee, and the Issuer’s obligations in connection therewith; and 
  
 (d) this Section 8.02. 
  
 Subject to compliance with this Article 8, the Issuers may exercise their option under this Section 8.02 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 8.03 hereof. 
  
 Section 8.03. Covenant Defeasance. Upon the Issuers’ exercise
under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.03, the Issuers and the Guarantors shall, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, be released from their obligations under
the covenants contained in Section 4.03, Section 4.04, Section 4.05, Section 4.07, Section 4.08, Section 4.09, Section 4.10, Section 4.11, Section 4.12, Section 4.13, Section 4.14 and
Section 4.15 hereof and clauses (iv) and (v) of Section 5.01(a), Section 5.01(c) and Section 5.01(d) hereof with respect to the outstanding Notes on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 8.04
hereof are satisfied (“Covenant Defeasance”), and the Notes shall thereafter be deemed not “outstanding” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or act of Holders (and the consequences of any
thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed “outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder (it being understood that such Notes shall not be deemed outstanding for accounting purposes). For this purpose,
Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the outstanding Notes, the Issuers may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by
reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default
under Section 6.01 hereof, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Notes shall be unaffected thereby. In addition, upon the Issuers’ exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this
Section 8.03 hereof, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 

  

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hereof, Section 6.01(a)(iii), Section 6.01(a)(iv), Section 6.01(a)(v), Section 6.01(a)(vi), (solely with respect to Restricted
Subsidiaries that are Significant Subsidiaries), Section 6.01(a)(vii) (solely with respect to Restricted Subsidiaries that are Significant Subsidiaries) and Section 6.01(a)(viii) (solely with respect to Restricted Subsidiaries that are
Significant Subsidiaries) hereof shall not constitute Events of Default. 
  
 Section 8.04. Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance. The following shall be the conditions to the application of either Section 8.02 or Section 8.03 hereof to the outstanding Notes: 

 
 In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance with
respect to the Notes: 
  
 (a) the Issuers must
irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes, cash in U.S. dollars, Government Securities, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm
of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest due on the Notes on the stated maturity date or on the redemption date, as the case may be, of such principal, premium, if any, or interest on such Notes and
the Issuers must specify whether such Notes are being defeased to maturity or to a particular redemption date; 
  
 (b) in the case of Legal Defeasance, the Issuers shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel reasonably acceptable to the
Trustee confirming that, subject to customary assumptions and exclusions, 
  
 (i) the Issuers have received from, or there has been published by, the United States Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or 
  
 (ii) since the issuance of the Notes, there has been a change in the applicable U.S. federal income tax law, 
  
 in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel
shall confirm that, subject to customary assumptions and exclusions, the Holders of the Notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as applicable, as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to
U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred; 
  
 (c) in the case of Covenant Defeasance, the Issuers shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel reasonably acceptable to the
Trustee confirming that, subject to customary assumptions and exclusions, the Holders of the Notes will not recognize income, gain or 

  

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loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to such tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and
at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred; 
  
 (d) no Default (other than that resulting from borrowing funds to be applied to make such deposit and any similar and simultaneous deposit
relating to other Indebtedness, including the Senior Subordinated Notes, and in each case the granting of Liens in connection therewith) shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit; 
  
 (e) such Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not
result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, the Senior Credit Facilities or any other material agreement or instrument (other than this Indenture) to which any Issuer or Guarantor is a party or by which any Issuer or Guarantor
is bound (other than that resulting from any borrowing of funds to be applied to make the deposit required to effect such Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance and any similar and simultaneous deposit relating to other Indebtedness, including the
Senior Subordinated Notes, and the granting of Liens in connection therewith); 
  
 (f) the Issuers shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that, as of the date of such opinion and subject
to customary assumptions and exclusions following the deposit, the trust funds will not be subject to the effect of Section 547 of Title 11 of the United States Code; 
  
 (g) the Issuers shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that the deposit
was not made by the Issuers with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any creditors of any Issuer or Guarantor or others; and 
  
 (h) the Issuers shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel (which Opinion of Counsel may
be subject to customary assumptions and exclusions) each stating that all conditions precedent provided for or relating to the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance, as the case may be, have been complied with. 
  
 Section 8.05. Deposited Money and Government Securities to Be Held in
Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions. Subject to Section 8.06 hereof, all money and Government Securities (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this
Section 8.05, the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof in respect of the outstanding Notes shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Notes and this Indenture, to the
payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including an Issuer or a Guarantor acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Notes of all sums due and to 

  

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become due thereon in respect of principal, premium and Additional Interest, if any, and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds
except to the extent required by law. 
  
 The Issuers shall pay
and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or Government Securities deposited pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any
such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of the outstanding Notes. 
  
 Anything in this Article 8 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Issuers from time to time upon the request of the
Issuers any money or Government Securities held by it as provided in Section 8.04 hereof which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the
Trustee (which may be the opinion delivered under Section 8.04(a) hereof), are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. 
  
 Section 8.06. Repayment to Issuers. Any money deposited with the
Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Issuers, in trust for the payment of the principal of, premium and Additional Interest, if any, or interest on any Note and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, and premium and
Additional Interest, if any, or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Issuers on their request or (if then held by the Issuers) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Note shall thereafter look only to the
Issuers for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Issuers as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease. 
  
 Section 8.07. Reinstatement. If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable
to apply any United States dollars or Government Securities in accordance with Section 8.02 or Section 8.03 hereof, as the case may be, by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or
otherwise prohibiting such application, then the Issuers’ obligations under this Indenture and the Notes shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.02 or Section 8.03 hereof until such time
as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.02 or Section 8.03 hereof, as the case may be; provided that, if the Issuers make any payment of principal of, premium and Additional
Interest, if any, or interest on any Note following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Issuers shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Notes to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or Paying Agent.

  

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 ARTICLE 9 
 AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER 
  
 Section 9.01. Without Consent of Holders of Notes. Notwithstanding Section 9.02 hereof, the Issuers, any Guarantor (with respect to a
Guarantee or this Indenture) and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture and any Guarantee or Notes without the consent of any Holder: 
  
 (a) to cure any ambiguity, omission, mistake, defect or inconsistency; 
  
 (b) to provide for uncertificated Notes of such series in addition to or in place of certificated Notes;

  
 (c) to comply with Section 5.01 hereof;

  
 (d) to provide the assumption of the
Issuers’ or any Guarantor’s obligations to the Holders; 
  
 (e) to make any change that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the Holders or that does not adversely affect the legal rights under this Indenture of any such Holder; 
  
 (f) to add covenants for the benefit of the Holders or to
surrender any right or power conferred upon any Issuer or Guarantor; 
  
 (g) to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; 
  
 (h) to evidence and provide for the acceptance and appointment under this Indenture of a successor Trustee
thereunder pursuant to the requirements thereof; 
  
 (i) to provide for the issuance of exchange notes or private exchange notes, which are identical to exchange notes except that they are not freely transferable; 
  
 (j) to add a Guarantor under this Indenture; 
  
 (k) to conform the text of this Indenture, Guarantees or the Notes to any provision of the “Description
of Notes” section of the Offering Circular to the extent that such provision in such “Description of Notes” section was intended to be a verbatim recitation of a provision of this Indenture, Guarantee or Notes; 
  
 (l) to make any amendment to the provisions of this
Indenture relating to the transfer and legending of Notes as permitted by this Indenture, including, without limitation to facilitate the issuance and 

  

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administration of the Notes; provided, however, that (i) compliance with this Indenture as so amended would not result in Notes being transferred in
violation of the Securities Act or any applicable securities law and (ii) such amendment does not materially and adversely affect the rights of Holders to transfer Notes; or 
  
 (m) to make any other modifications to the Notes or the Indenture of a formal, minor or technical nature or
necessary to correct a manifest error , so long as such modification does not adversely affect the rights of any Holder of the Notes in any material respect. 
  
 Upon the request of the Issuers accompanied by a resolution of their respective boards of directors authorizing the execution of any such amended or
supplemental indenture, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 7.02 hereof, the Trustee shall join with the Issuers and the Guarantors in the execution of any amended or supplemental indenture authorized or
permitted by the terms of this Indenture and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into such amended or supplemental indenture that affects its own
rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except to the extent required by law, no Opinion of Counsel shall be required in connection with the addition of a Guarantor under this Indenture upon
execution and delivery by such Guarantor and the Trustee of a supplemental indenture to this Indenture, the form of which is attached as Exhibit D hereto, and delivery of an Officer’s Certificate. 
  
 Section 9.02. With Consent of Holders of Notes. Except as provided
below in this Section 9.02, the Issuers and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture, the Notes and the Guarantees with the consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Notes (including Additional Notes, if
any) then outstanding voting as a single class (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for, or purchase of, the Notes), and, subject to Section 6.04 and Section 6.07 hereof, any
existing Default or Event of Default (other than a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium and Additional Interest, if any, or interest on the Notes, except a payment default resulting from an acceleration that has
been rescinded) or compliance with any provision of this Indenture, the Guarantees or the Notes may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes (including Additional Notes, if any) voting
as a single class (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for, or purchase of, the Notes). Section 2.08 hereof and Section 2.09 hereof shall determine which Notes are considered to be
“outstanding” for the purposes of this Section 9.02. 
  
 Upon the request of the Issuers accompanied by a resolution of their respective boards of directors authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence 

  

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satisfactory to the Trustee of the consent of the Holders of Notes as aforesaid, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in
Section 7.02 hereof, the Trustee shall join with the Issuers in the execution of such amended or supplemental indenture unless such amended or supplemental indenture directly affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under
this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such amended or supplemental indenture. 
  

It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Notes under this Section 9.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment
or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. 
  
 After an amendment, supplement or waiver under this Section 9.02 becomes effective, the Issuers shall mail to the Holders of Notes affected thereby a notice briefly describing the amendment, supplement or waiver.
Any failure of the Issuers to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such amended or supplemental indenture or waiver. 
  
 Without the consent of each affected Holder of Notes, an amendment or waiver
under this Section 9.02 may not (with respect to any Notes held by a non-consenting Holder): 
  
 (a) reduce the principal amount of such Notes whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver; 
  
 (b) reduce the principal of or change the fixed final
maturity of any such Note or alter or waive the provisions with respect to the redemption of such Notes (other than provisions relating to Section 3.09, Section 4.10 and Section 4.14 hereof to the extent that any such amendment or
waiver does not have the effect of reducing the principal of or changing the fixed final maturity of any such Note or altering or waiving the provisions with respect to the redemption of such Notes); 
  
 (c) reduce the rate of or change the time for payment of
interest on any Note; 
  
 (d) waive a Default in
the payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest on the Notes, except a rescission of acceleration of the Notes by the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes and a waiver of the payment default that
resulted from such acceleration, or in respect of a covenant or provision contained in this Indenture or any Guarantee which cannot be amended or modified without the consent of all Holders; 
  
 (e) make any Note payable in money other than that stated
therein; 
  

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 (f) make any change in the provisions of this Indenture relating to waivers of past
Defaults or the rights of Holders to receive payments of principal of or premium, if any, or interest on the Notes; 
  
 (g) make any change in these amendment and waiver provisions; 
  
 (h) impair the right of any Holder to receive payment of principal of, or interest on such Holder’s
Notes on or after the due dates therefor or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to such Holder’s Notes; 
  
 (i) make any change to or modify the ranking of the Notes in a manner that would adversely affect the Holders; or 
  
 (j) except as expressly permitted by this Indenture, modify
the Guarantees of any Significant Subsidiary in any manner adverse to the Holders of the Notes. 
  
 Section 9.03. Compliance with Trust Indenture Act. Every amendment or supplement to this Indenture or the Notes shall be set forth in an amended or
supplemental indenture that complies with the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect. 
  
 Section 9.04. Revocation and Effect of Consents. Until an amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Note is a continuing consent by the Holder of a Note and every
subsequent Holder of a Note or portion of a Note that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Note, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Note. However, any such Holder of a Note or subsequent Holder of a Note may revoke
the consent as to its Note if the Trustee receives written notice of revocation before the date the waiver, supplement or amendment becomes effective. An amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective in accordance with its terms and thereafter
binds every Holder. 
  
 The Issuers may, but shall not be
obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders entitled to consent to any amendment, supplement, or waiver. If a record date is fixed, then, notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, those Persons who were Holders at such
record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only such Persons, shall be entitled to consent to such amendment, supplement, or waiver or to revoke any consent previously given, whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders after such
record date. No such consent shall be valid or effective for more than 120 days after such record date unless the consent of the requisite number of Holders has been obtained. 
  
 Section 9.05. Notation on or Exchange of Notes. The Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment,
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thereafter authenticated. The Issuers in exchange for all Notes may issue and the Trustee shall, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, authenticate new
Notes that reflect the amendment, supplement or waiver. 
  
 Failure to make the appropriate notation or issue a new Note shall not affect the validity and effect of such amendment, supplement or waiver. 
  
 Section 9.06. Trustee to Sign Amendments, Etc. The Trustee shall sign any amendment, supplement or waiver authorized pursuant to this Article 9 if
the amendment or supplement does not adversely affect the rights, duties, liabilities or immunities of the Trustee. The Issuers may not sign an amendment, supplement or waiver until the board of directors approves it. In executing any amendment,
supplement or waiver, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive and (subject to Section 7.01 hereof) shall be fully protected in relying upon, in addition to the documents required by Section 12.04 hereof, an Officer’s Certificate and
an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such amended or supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture and that such amendment, supplement or waiver is the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Issuers and any
Guarantors party thereto, enforceable against them in accordance with its terms, subject to customary exceptions, and complies with the provisions hereof (including Section 9.03). Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Opinion of Counsel will be
required for the Trustee to execute any amendment or supplement adding a new Guarantor under this Indenture. 
  
 Section 9.07. Payment for Consent. Neither the Issuers nor any Affiliate of the Issuers shall, directly or indirectly, pay or cause to be paid any
consideration, whether by way of interest, fee or otherwise, to any Holder for or as an inducement to any consent, waiver or amendment of any of the terms or provisions of this Indenture or the Notes unless such consideration is offered to all
Holders and is paid to all Holders that so consent, waive or agree to amend in the time frame set forth in solicitation documents relating to such consent, waiver or agreement. 
  
 ARTICLE 10 
 GUARANTEES 
  
 Section 10.01.
Guarantee. Subject to this Article 10, each of the Guarantors hereby, jointly and severally, unconditionally guarantees to each Holder of a Note authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and to the Trustee and its successors and assigns,
irrespective of the validity and enforceability of this Indenture, the Notes or the obligations of the Issuers hereunder or thereunder, that: (a) the principal of, interest, premium and Additional Interest, if any, on the Notes shall be promptly
paid in full when due, whether at maturity, by acceleration, redemption or otherwise, and interest on the overdue principal of and interest on the Notes, if any, if lawful, and all other obligations of the Issuers to the Holders or the Trustee
hereunder or thereunder shall be promptly paid in full or performed, all in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof; and (b) in 

  

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case of any extension of time of payment or renewal of any Notes or any of such other obligations, that same shall be promptly paid in full when due or
performed in accordance with the terms of the extension or renewal, whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise. Failing payment when due of any amount so guaranteed or any performance so guaranteed for whatever reason, the Guarantors
shall be jointly and severally obligated to pay the same immediately. Each Guarantor agrees that this is a guarantee of payment and not a guarantee of collection. 
  
 The Guarantors hereby agree that their obligations hereunder shall be unconditional, irrespective of the validity,
regularity or enforceability of the Notes or this Indenture, the absence of any action to enforce the same, any waiver or consent by any Holder of the Notes with respect to any provisions hereof or thereof, the recovery of any judgment against the
Issuers, any action to enforce the same or any other circumstance which might otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of a guarantor. Each Guarantor hereby waives diligence, presentment, demand of payment, filing of claims
with a court in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the Issuers, any right to require a proceeding first against the Issuers, protest, notice and all demands whatsoever and covenants that this Guarantee shall not be discharged except by
complete performance of the obligations contained in the Notes and this Indenture. 
  
 Each Guarantor also agrees to pay any and all costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Trustee or any Holder in enforcing any rights under this Section 10.01. 
  
 If any Holder or the Trustee is required by any court or otherwise to return
to the Issuers, the Guarantors or any custodian, trustee, liquidator or other similar official acting in relation to either the Issuers or the Guarantors, any amount paid either to the Trustee or such Holder, this Guarantee, to the extent
theretofore discharged, shall be reinstated in full force and effect. 
  
 Each Guarantor agrees that it shall not be entitled to any right of subrogation in relation to the Holders in respect of any obligations guaranteed hereby until payment in full of all obligations guaranteed hereby. Each Guarantor further
agrees that, as between the Guarantors, on the one hand, and the Holders and the Trustee, on the other hand, (x) the maturity of the obligations guaranteed hereby may be accelerated as provided in Article 6 hereof for the purposes of this
Guarantee, notwithstanding any stay, injunction or other prohibition preventing such acceleration in respect of the obligations guaranteed hereby, and (y) in the event of any declaration of acceleration of such obligations as provided in
Article 6 hereof, such obligations (whether or not due and payable) shall forthwith become due and payable by the Guarantors for the purpose of this Guarantee. The Guarantors shall have the right to seek contribution from any non-paying Guarantor so
long as the exercise of such right does not impair the rights of the Holders under the Guarantees. 
  

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 Each Guarantee shall remain in full force and effect and continue to be effective should any petition be
filed by or against the Issuers for liquidation, reorganization, should the Issuers become insolvent or make an assignment for the benefit of creditors or should a receiver or trustee be appointed for all or any significant part of the Issuers’
assets, and shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, continue to be effective or be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time payment and performance of the Notes are, pursuant to applicable law, rescinded or reduced in amount, or must
otherwise be restored or returned by any obligee on the Notes or Guarantees, whether as a “voidable preference,” “fraudulent transfer” or otherwise, all as though such payment or performance had not been made. In the event that
any payment or any part thereof, is rescinded, reduced, restored or returned, the Notes shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be reinstated and deemed reduced only by such amount paid and not so rescinded, reduced, restored or returned.

  
 In case any provision of any Guarantee shall be invalid,
illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality, and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. 
  
 The Guarantee issued by any Guarantor shall be a general unsecured senior obligation of such Guarantor and shall be pari passu in right of payment
with or senior to all Indebtedness of such Guarantor, if any. 
  
 Each payment to be made by a Guarantor in respect of its Guarantee shall be made without set-off, counterclaim, reduction or diminution of any kind or nature. 
  
 Section 10.02. Limitation on Guarantor Liability. Each Guarantor, and by its acceptance of Notes, each Holder, hereby
confirms that it is the intention of all such parties that the Guarantee of such Guarantor not constitute a fraudulent transfer or conveyance for purposes of Bankruptcy Law, the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act
or any similar federal or state law to the extent applicable to any Guarantee. To effectuate the foregoing intention, the Trustee, the Holders and the Guarantors hereby irrevocably agree that the obligations of each Guarantor shall be limited to the
maximum amount as will, after giving effect to such maximum amount and all other contingent and fixed liabilities of such Guarantor that are relevant under such laws and after giving effect to any collections from, rights to receive contribution
from or payments made by or on behalf of any other Guarantor in respect of the obligations of such other Guarantor under this Article 10, result in the obligations of such Guarantor under its Guarantee not constituting a fraudulent conveyance or
fraudulent transfer under applicable law. Each Guarantor that makes a payment under its Guarantee shall be entitled upon payment in full of all guaranteed obligations under this Indenture to a contribution from each other Guarantor in an amount
equal to such other Guarantor’s pro rata portion of such payment based on the respective net assets of all the Guarantors at the time of such payment determined in accordance with GAAP. 
  

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 Section 10.03. Execution and Delivery. To evidence its Guarantee set forth in Section 10.01
hereof, each Guarantor hereby agrees that this Indenture shall be executed on behalf of such Guarantor by its President, one of its Vice Presidents or one of its Assistant Vice Presidents. 
  
 Each Guarantor hereby agrees that its Guarantee set forth in
Section 10.01 hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding the absence of the endorsement of any notation of such Guarantee on the Notes. 
  

If an Officer whose signature is on this Indenture no longer holds that office at the time the Trustee authenticates the Note, the Guarantee shall be
valid nevertheless. 
  
 The delivery of any Note by the Trustee,
after the authentication thereof hereunder, shall constitute due delivery of the Guarantee set forth in this Indenture on behalf of the Guarantors. 
  
 If required by Section 4.15 hereof, the Company shall cause any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor to comply with the provisions of
Section 4.15 hereof and this Article 10, to the extent applicable. 
  
 Section 10.04. Subrogation. Each Guarantor shall be subrogated to all rights of Holders of Notes against the Issuers in respect of any amounts paid by any Guarantor pursuant to the provisions of Section 10.01 hereof;
provided that, if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, no Guarantor shall be entitled to enforce or receive any payments arising out of, or based upon, such right of subrogation until all amounts then due and payable by the
Issuers under this Indenture or the Notes shall have been paid in full. 
  
 Section 10.05. Benefits Acknowledged. Each Guarantor acknowledges that it will receive direct and indirect benefits from the financing arrangements contemplated by this Indenture and that the guarantee and waivers made by it pursuant
to its Guarantee are knowingly made in contemplation of such benefits. 
  
 Section 10.06. Release of Guarantees. A Guarantee by a Guarantor shall be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged, and no further action by such Guarantor, the Issuers or the Trustee is required for the release of
such Guarantor’s Guarantee, upon: 
  
 (a)
(i) any sale, exchange or transfer (by merger or otherwise) of the Capital Stock of such Guarantor (including any sale, exchange or transfer), after which the applicable Guarantor is no longer a Restricted Subsidiary or all or substantially all the
assets of such Guarantor which sale, exchange or transfer is made in compliance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture; 
  
 (ii) the release or discharge of the guarantee by such Guarantor of the Senior Credit Facilities or the guarantee which 

  

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resulted in the creation of such Guarantee, except a discharge or release by or as a result of payment under such guarantee; 
  
 (iii) the proper designation of any Restricted Subsidiary
that is a Guarantor as an Unrestricted Subsidiary; or 
  
 (iv) the Issuers exercising their Legal Defeasance option or Covenant Defeasance option in accordance with Article 8 hereof or the Issuers’ obligations under this Indenture being discharged in accordance with the terms of this
Indenture; and 
  
 (b) such Guarantor delivering
to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to such transaction have been complied with. 
  
 ARTICLE 11 
 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE 
  
 Section 11.01. Satisfaction and Discharge. This Indenture shall be discharged and shall cease to be of further effect as to all Notes, when either:

  
 (a) all Notes theretofore authenticated and
delivered, except lost, stolen or destroyed Notes which have been replaced or paid and Notes for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust, have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or 
  
 (b) (i) all Notes not theretofore delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation have become due and payable by reason of the making of a notice of redemption or otherwise, shall become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the
Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Issuers and any Issuer or Guarantor has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust solely for the
benefit of the Holders of the Notes, cash in U.S. dollars, Government Securities, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient without consideration of any reinvestment of interest to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on
the Notes not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation for principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest to the date of maturity or redemption; 
  

(ii) no Default (other than that resulting from borrowing funds to be applied to make such deposit and any similar and simultaneous
deposit relating to other Indebtedness) with respect to this Indenture or the Notes shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or shall occur as a result of such deposit 

  

 123 

 
and such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under the Senior Credit Facilities or any other material agreement or
instrument (other than this Indenture) to which any Issuer or Guarantor is a party or by which any Issuer or Guarantor is bound (other than that resulting from any borrowing of funds to be applied to make such deposit and any similar and
simultaneous deposit relating to other Indebtedness, including the Senior Subordinated Notes, and the granting of Liens in connection therewith); 
  
 (iii) the Issuers have paid or caused to be paid all sums payable by them under this Indenture; and 
  
 (iv) the Issuers have delivered irrevocable instructions to
the Trustee to apply the deposited money toward the payment of the Notes at maturity or the redemption date, as the case may be. 
  
 In addition, the Issuers must deliver an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the Trustee stating that all conditions precedent to
satisfaction and discharge have been satisfied. 
  
 Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (i) of clause (b) of this Section 11.01, the provisions of Section 11.02 and
Section 8.06 hereof shall survive. 
  
 Section 11.02.
Application of Trust Money. Subject to the provisions of Section 8.06 hereof, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 11.01 hereof shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the
Notes and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Issuers acting as their own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium and
Additional Interest, if any) and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee; but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. 
  
 If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any money or Government
Securities in accordance with Section 11.01 hereof by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the
Issuers’ and any Guarantor’s obligations under this Indenture and the Notes shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 11.01 hereof; provided that if the Issuers have made any payment
of principal of, premium and Additional Interest, if any, or interest on any Notes because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Issuers shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Notes to receive such payment from the money or
Government Securities held by the Trustee or Paying Agent. 
  

 124 

 ARTICLE 12 
 MISCELLANEOUS 
  
 Section 12.01. Trust Indenture Act Controls. If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Trust Indenture Act Section 318(c), the imposed duties shall control. 
  
 Section 12.02. Notices. Any notice or communication by the Issuers,
any Guarantor or the Trustee to the others is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first-class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), fax or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to the
others’ address: 
  
 If to the Issuers and/or any Guarantor:

  
 Education Management LLC 
 210 Sixth Avenue 
 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15222-2603 
 Attention: General Counsel 
  
 If to the Trustee: 
  
 The Bank of New York 
 101 Barclay Street,
Floor 8W 
 New York, New York 10286 
 Fax No.: (212) 815-3272 
 Attention: Corporate Trust Administration 
  
 The Issuers, any Guarantor or the Trustee, by notice to the others, may
designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications. 
  
 All notices and communications (other than those sent to Holders) shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; five calendar days after being deposited in the mail,
postage prepaid, if mailed by first-class mail; when receipt acknowledged, if faxed; and the next Business Day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery; provided that any notice or
communication delivered to the Trustee shall be deemed effective upon actual receipt thereof. 
  
 Any notice or communication to a Holder shall be mailed by first-class mail, certified or registered, return receipt requested, or by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery to its address shown on the
register kept by the Registrar. Any notice or communication shall also be so mailed to any Person described in Trust Indenture Act Section 313(c), to the extent required by the Trust Indenture Act. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a
Holder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders. 
  

 125 

 If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above within the time prescribed, it is
duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it. 
  
 If the
Issuers mail a notice or communication to Holders, they shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time. 
  
 Section 12.03. Communication by Holders of Notes with Other Holders of Notes. Holders may communicate pursuant to Trust Indenture Act
Section 312(b) with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Notes. The Issuers, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of Trust Indenture Act Section 312(c). 
  
 Section 12.04. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.
Upon any request or application by the Issuers or any of the Guarantors to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Issuers or such Guarantor, as the case may be, shall furnish to the Trustee: 
  
 (a) An Officer’s Certificate in form and substance
reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 12.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent and covenants, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating
to the proposed action have been satisfied; and 
  
 (b) An Opinion of Counsel in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 12.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent
and covenants have been satisfied. 
  
 Section 12.05.
Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion. Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to Section 4.04 hereof or Trust
Indenture Act Section 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of Trust Indenture Act Section 314(e) and shall include: 
  
 (a) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; 
  
 (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; 
  
 (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to
express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with (and, in the case of an Opinion of Counsel, may be limited to reliance on an Officer’s Certificate as to matters of fact); and 
  

 126 

 (d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or
covenant has been complied with. 
  
 Section 12.06. Rules by
Trustee and Agents. The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders. The Registrar or Paying Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions. 
  
 Section 12.07. No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and
Stockholders. No director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of any Issuer or Guarantor or any of their parent companies shall have any liability for any obligations of the Issuers or the Guarantors under the Notes, the Guarantees
or this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting Notes waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance
of the Notes. 
  
 Section 12.08. Governing Law. THIS
INDENTURE, THE NOTES AND ANY GUARANTEE WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
  
 Section 12.09. Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH OF THE ISSUERS, THE GUARANTORS AND THE TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED
BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE NOTES OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. 
  
 Section 12.10. Force Majeure. In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the
performance of its obligations under this Indenture arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its reasonable control, including without limitation strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or
military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software or hardware) services. 
  
 Section 12.11. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements. This Indenture may not be used to interpret any other
indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries or of any other Person. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture. 
  
 Section 12.12. Successors. All agreements of the Issuers in this
Indenture and the Notes shall bind their successors. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successors. All agreements of each Guarantor in this Indenture shall bind its successors, except as otherwise provided in
Section 10.06 hereof. 
  

 127 

 Section 12.13. Severability. In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Notes shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. 
  

Section 12.14. Counterpart Originals. The parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture. Each signed copy shall be an original, but
all of them together represent the same agreement. 
  
 Section
12.15. Table of Contents, Headings, Etc. The Table of Contents, Cross-Reference Table and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part of this
Indenture and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof. 
  
 Section 12.16. Qualification of Indenture. The Issuers and the Guarantors shall qualify this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Registration Rights
Agreement and shall pay all reasonable costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees and expenses for the Issuers, the Guarantors and the Trustee) incurred in connection therewith, including, but not limited to, costs and expenses of
qualification of this Indenture and the Notes and printing this Indenture and the Notes. The Trustee shall be entitled to receive from the Issuers and the Guarantors any such Officer’s Certificates, Opinions of Counsel or other documentation as
it may reasonably request in connection with any such qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act. 
  
 [Signatures on following page] 
  

 128 

			
	 EDUCATION MANAGEMENT LLC

		
	 By:
	 	/s/ John R. McKeman, Jr.
		 	 Name:  John R. McKeman, Jr.

		 	 Title:    Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

	
	 EDUCATION MANAGEMENT FINANCE CORP.

		
	 By:
	 	/s/ John R. McKeman, Jr.
		 	 Name:  John R. McKeman, Jr.

		 	 Title:    President and Chief Executive Officer

			
	AID Restaurant, Inc.
		
	 By:
	 	/s/ Simon Lumley
		 	 Name: Simon Lumley
 Title: President, Secretary and
Treasurer

  

			
	AIH Restaurant, Inc.
		
	 By:
	 	/s/ Larry Horn
		 	 Name: Larry Horn
 Title: President, Secretary and
Treasurer

  

			
	AIIM Restaurant, Inc.
		
	 By:
	 	/s/ Joseph L. Marzano, Jr.
		 	 Name: Joseph L. Marzano, Jr.
 Title: President,
Secretary and Treasurer

  

			
	 Academic Review, Inc.
 Association for
Advanced Training in the Behavioral     Sciences
 Argosy University Family Center, Inc.
 Brown Mackie Holding Company
 The
Connecting Link, Inc.
 EDMC Marketing and Advertising, Inc.
 EDMC
Aviation, Inc.
 Higher Education Services, Inc.
 MCM University
Plaza, Inc.

		
	 By:
	 	/s/ J. Devitt Kramer
		 	 Name: J. Devitt Kramer
 Title:
Secretary

			
	 THE BANK OF NEW YORK, as Trustee

		
	 By:
	 	/s/ Mary Lagumina
		 	 Name:  Mary Lagumina

		 	 Title:    Vice President

  
  

 EXHIBIT A 
  
 [Face of Note] 
  
 [Insert the Global Note Legend, if applicable pursuant to the provisions of the Indenture] 
  
 [Insert the Private Placement Legend, if applicable pursuant to the provisions of the Indenture] 
  
 [Insert the Regulation S Temporary Global Note Legend, if applicable pursuant
to the provisions of the Indenture] 
  

 A-1 

 CUSIP
[                    ] 
 ISIN
[                    ]1 
  
 [[RULE 144A][REGULATION S] GLOBAL NOTE

 representing up to 
 $                    ] 
 8
3/4% Senior Notes due 2014 
  

			
	 No.         
	 	[$                    ]

  
 EDUCATION MANAGEMENT
LLC 
 EDUCATION MANAGEMENT FINANCE CORP. 
  
 promises to pay to CEDE & CO. or registered assigns, the principal sum [set forth on the Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note attached hereto]
[of
                                        
United States Dollars] on June 1, 2014. 
  
 Interest Payment Dates:
June 1 and December 1 
  
 Record Dates: May 15 and November 15

  

	1	 	Rule 144A Note CUSIP: 28140JAA8 

	 	 	ISIN: USU27895AA69 

	 	 	Regulation S Note CUSIP: U27895AA6 

  

 A-2 

 IN WITNESS HEREOF, the Issuers have caused this instrument to be duly executed. 
  
 Dated: June 1, 2006 
  

			
	 EDUCATION MANAGEMENT LLC

		
	 By:    
	 	/s/ John R. McKeman, Jr.
		 	 Name: John R. McKeman, Jr.

		 	 Title:   Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

	
	 EDUCATION MANAGEMENT FINANCE CORP.

		
	 By:    
	 	/s/ John R. McKeman, Jr.
		 	 Name: John R. McKeman, Jr.

		 	 Title:   President and Chief Executive Officer

  

 A-3 

 This is one of the Notes referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture: 
  

			
	 THE BANK OF NEW YORK, as Trustee

		
	 By:
	 	/s/ Mary Lagumina
		 	Name:  Mary Lagumina
		 	Title:    Vice President

  

 A-4 

 [Back of Note] 
  
 8 3/4% Senior Notes due 2014 
  
 Capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture referred to below unless otherwise indicated. 
  
 1. INTEREST. Education Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company,
and Education Management Finance Corp., a Delaware corporation (collectively, the “Issuers”), promise to pay interest on the principal amount of this Note at 8 3/4% per annum from June 1, 20062 until maturity and shall pay the Additional Interest, if any, payable pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement referred to
below. The Issuers will pay interest and Additional Interest, if any, semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, or if any such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day (each, an “Interest
Payment Date”). Interest on the Notes will accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or, if no interest has been paid, from the date of issuance; provided that the first Interest Payment Date shall be
December 1, 2006. The Issuers will pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue principal and premium, if any, from time to time on demand at the interest rate on the Notes; they shall
pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue installments of interest and Additional Interest, if any, (without regard to any applicable grace periods) from time to time on demand at the
interest rate on the Notes. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months. 
  
 2. METHOD OF PAYMENT. The Issuers will pay interest on the Notes and Additional Interest, if any, to the Persons who are registered Holders of Notes at
the close of business on the May 15 or November 15 (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding the Interest Payment Date, even if such Notes are canceled after such record date and on or before such Interest Payment
Date, except as provided in Section 2.12 of the Indenture with respect to defaulted interest. Payment of interest and Additional Interest, if any, may be made by check mailed to the Holders at their addresses set forth in the register of
Holders, provided that payment by wire transfer of immediately available funds will be required with respect to principal of and interest, premium and Additional Interest, if any, on, all Global Notes and all other Notes the Holders of which
shall have provided wire transfer instructions to the Issuers or the Paying Agent. Such payment shall be in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts.

	2	 	With respect to the Initial Notes. 

  

 A-5 

 3. PAYING AGENT AND REGISTRAR. Initially, The Bank of New York, the Trustee under the Indenture, will act
as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Issuers may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without notice to the Holders. The Issuers or any of their respective Subsidiaries may act in any such capacity. 
  
 4. INDENTURE. The Issuers issued the Notes under an Indenture, dated as of
June 1, 2006 (the “Indenture”), among the Issuers, the Guarantors named therein and the Trustee. This Note is one of a duly authorized issue of notes of the Issuers designated as its 8 3/4% Senior Notes due 2014. The Issuers
shall be entitled to issue Additional Notes pursuant to Section 2.01 and 4.09 of the Indenture. The terms of the Notes include those stated in the Indenture and those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939,
as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”). The Notes are subject to all such terms, and Holders are referred to the Indenture and such Act for a statement of such terms. To the extent any provision of this Note conflicts with the
express provisions of the Indenture, the provisions of the Indenture shall govern and be controlling. 
  
 5. OPTIONAL REDEMPTION. 
  
 (a) Except as described below under clauses 5(b) and 5(c) hereof, the Notes will not be redeemable at the Issuers’ option before June 1, 2010.

  
 (b) At any time prior to June 1, 2010, the Issuers may
redeem all or a part of the Notes, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ prior notice mailed by first class mail to the registered address of each Holder of Notes, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes
redeemed plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Interest, if any, to the date of redemption (the “Redemption Date”), subject to the rights of Holders of Notes on the relevant Record Date to
receive interest due on the relevant Interest Payment Date. 
  
 (c) Until June 1, 2009, the Issuers may, at their option, redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of Notes issued by them at a redemption price equal to 108.75% of the aggregate principal amount thereof, plus accrued and
unpaid interest thereon and Additional Interest, if any, to the applicable Redemption Date, subject to the right of Holders of Notes of record on the relevant Record Date to receive interest due on the relevant Interest Payment Date, with the net
cash proceeds of one or more Equity Offerings; provided that at least 50% of the sum of the aggregate principal amount of Notes originally issued under the Indenture and any Additional Notes that are Notes issued under the Indenture after the
Issue Date remains outstanding immediately after the occurrence of each such redemption; provided further that each such redemption occurs within 90 days of the date of closing of each such Equity Offering. Notice of any redemption upon any
Equity Offering may be given prior to the redemption thereof, and any such redemption or notice may, at the Issuers’ 

  

 A-6 

 
discretion, be subject to one or more conditions precedent, including, but not limited to, completion of the related Equity Offering. 
  
 (d) On and after June 1, 2010, the Issuers may redeem the Notes, in
whole or in part, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ prior notice by first-class mail, postage prepaid, with a copy to the Trustee, to each Holder of Notes at the address of such Holder appearing in the security register, at the
redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed) set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and Additional Interest, if any, to the applicable Redemption Date, subject to the right of
Holders of Notes of record on the relevant Record Date to receive interest due on the relevant Interest Payment Date, if redeemed during the twelve month period beginning on June 1 of each of the years indicated below: 
  

			
	 Year
	  	Percentage
	 2010
	  	104.375%
	 2011
	  	102.188%
	 2012 and thereafter
	  	100.000%

  
 (e) Any redemption
pursuant to this paragraph 5 shall be made pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.01 through Section 3.06 of the Indenture. 
  
 6. MANDATORY REDEMPTION. The Issuers shall not be required to make mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the Notes. 
  
 7. NOTICE OF REDEMPTION. Subject to Section 3.03 of the Indenture,
notice of redemption will be mailed by first-class mail at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the redemption date (except that redemption notices may be mailed more than 60 days prior to a redemption date if the notice is issued in
connection with Article 8 or Article 11 of the Indenture) to each Holder whose Notes are to be redeemed at its registered address. Notes in denominations larger than $2,000 may be redeemed in part but only in multiples of $1,000 in excess of $2,000,
unless all of the Notes held by a Holder are to be redeemed. On and after the redemption date interest ceases to accrue on Notes or portions thereof called for redemption. 
  
 8. OFFERS TO REPURCHASE. 
  
 (a) Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, the Issuers shall make an offer (a “Change of Control Offer”) to each Holder to
repurchase all or any part (equal to $2,000 or a multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof) of each Holder’s Notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Interest
thereon, if any, to the date of purchase (the “Change of Control Payment”). The Change of Control Offer shall be made in accordance with Section 4.14 of the Indenture. 
  

 A-7 

 (b) If the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries consummates an Asset Sale, within 10 Business
Days of each date that Excess Proceeds exceed $25.0 million, the Issuers shall commence an offer to all Holders of the Notes and, if required by the terms of any Indebtedness that is pari passu with the Notes (“Pari Passu
Indebtedness”), to the holders of such Pari Passu Indebtedness (an “Asset Sale Offer”), to purchase the maximum principal amount of Notes (including any Additional Notes) and such other Pari Passu Indebtedness that may be
purchased out of the Excess Proceeds at an offer price in cash in an amount equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Interest thereon, if any, to the date fixed for the closing of such offer, in
accordance with the procedures set forth in the Indenture. To the extent that the aggregate amount of Notes (including any Additional Notes) and such Pari Passu Indebtedness tendered pursuant to an Asset Sale Offer is less than the Excess Proceeds,
the Issuers may use any remaining Excess Proceeds for general corporate purposes, subject to other covenants contained in the Indenture. If the aggregate principal amount of Notes or the Pari Passu Indebtedness surrendered by such holders thereof
exceeds the amount of Excess Proceeds, the Trustee shall select the Notes and such Pari Passu Indebtedness to be purchased on a pro rata basis based on the accreted value or principal amount of the Notes or such Pari Passu Indebtedness
tendered. Upon completion of any such Asset Sale Offer, the amount of Excess Proceeds shall be reset at zero. Additionally, the Issuers, at their option, may make an Asset Sale Offer using proceeds form any Asset Sale at any time after consummation
of such Asset Sale. Upon consummation of such Asset Sale Offer, any Net Proceeds not required to be used to purchase Notes shall not be deemed excess proceeds. Holders of Notes that are the subject of an offer to purchase will receive an Asset Sale
Offer from the Issuers prior to any related purchase date and may elect to have such Notes purchased by completing the form entitled “Option of Holder to Elect Purchase” attached to the Notes. 
  
 9. DENOMINATIONS, TRANSFER, EXCHANGE. The Notes are in registered form
without coupons in denominations of $2,000 and multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof. The transfer of Notes may be registered and Notes may be exchanged as provided in the Indenture. The Registrar and the Trustee may require a Holder, among other
things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and the Issuers may require a Holder to pay any taxes and fees required by law or permitted by the Indenture. The Issuers need not exchange or register the transfer of any Note or
portion of a Note selected for redemption, except for the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part. Also, the Issuers need not exchange or register the transfer of any Notes for a period of 15 days before a selection of Notes to be
redeemed. 
  
 10. PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS. The registered Holder of
a Note may be treated as its owner for all purposes. 
  
 11.
AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER. The Indenture, the Guarantees or the Notes may be amended or supplemented as provided in the Indenture. 
  

 A-8 

 12. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES. The Events of Default relating to the Notes are defined in Section 6.01
of the Indenture. If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may declare the principal, premium, if any, interest and any other monetary obligations
on all the then outstanding Notes to be due and payable immediately. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of an Event of Default arising from certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with respect to the Company, all outstanding Notes will
become due and payable immediately without further action or notice. Holders may not enforce the Indenture, the Notes or the Guarantees except as provided in the Indenture. Subject to certain limitations, Holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the then outstanding Notes may direct the Trustee in its exercise of any trust or power. The Trustee may withhold from Holders of the Notes notice of any continuing Default (except a Default relating to the payment of principal, premium,
if any, Additional Interest, if any, or interest) if it determines that withholding notice is in their interest. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding by notice to the Trustee may on behalf of the
Holders of all of the Notes waive any existing Default or and its consequences under the Indenture except a continuing Default in payment of the principal of, premium, if any, Additional Interest, if any, or interest on, any of the Notes held by a
non-consenting Holder. The Issuers and each Guarantor (to the extent that such Guarantor is so required under the Trust Indenture Act) are required to deliver to the Trustee annually a statement regarding compliance with the Indenture, and the
Issuers are required within thirty days after becoming aware of any Default, to deliver to the Trustee a statement specifying such Default and what action the Issuers propose to take with respect thereto. 
  
 13. AUTHENTICATION. This Note shall not be entitled to any benefit under the
Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee. 
  
 14. ADDITIONAL RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTES AND RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTES. In addition to the rights provided to Holders of Notes under
the Indenture, Holders of Restricted Global Notes and Restricted Definitive Notes shall have all the rights set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2006, among the Issuers, the Guarantors named therein and the other
parties named on the signature pages thereof (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), including the right to receive Additional Interest (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement). 
  
 15. GOVERNING LAW. THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SHALL GOVERN AND BE USED
TO CONSTRUE THE INDENTURE, THE NOTES AND THE GUARANTEES. 
  
 16.
CUSIP NUMBERS. Pursuant to a recommendation promulgated by the Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures, the Issuers have caused CUSIP numbers to be printed on the Notes and the Trustee may use 

  

 A-9 

 
CUSIP numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such numbers either as printed on the
Notes or as contained in any notice of redemption and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers placed thereon. 
  
 The Issuers will furnish to any Holder upon written request and without charge a copy of the Indenture and/or the Registration Rights Agreement. Requests
may be made to the Issuers at the following address: 
  
 Education
Management LLC 
 810 Sixth Avenue 
 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-2603 
 Attention: General Counsel 
  

 A-10 

 ASSIGNMENT FORM 
  

To assign this Note, fill in the form below: 
  

			
	 (I) or (we) assign and transfer this Note to:
	  	  
		  	(Insert assignee’ legal name)

  

 (Insert assignee’s soc. sec. or tax I.D. no.) 
  

  

  

  

 (Print or
type assignee’s name, address and zip code) 
  

			
	 and irrevocably appoint
	  	  

 to transfer this Note on the books of the Issuers. The agent may substitute
another to act for him. 
  
 Date:
                     
  

			
		
	 Your Signature:
	 	  
		 	(Sign exactly as your name appears on the face of this Note)

  
 Signature Guarantee*:
                                        
                             
  

	*	 	Participant in a recognized Signature Guarantee Medallion Program (or other signature guarantor acceptable to the Trustee). 

  

 A-11 

 OPTION OF HOLDER TO ELECT PURCHASE 
  
 If you want to elect to have this Note purchased by the Issuers pursuant to Section 4.10 or Section 4.14 of the
Indenture, check the appropriate box below: 
  
  ̈ Section 4.10         ̈ Section 4.14 
  
 If you want to elect to have only part of this Note purchased by the Issuers pursuant to Section 4.10 or Section 4.14 of the Indenture, state
the amount you elect to have purchased: 
  
 $                     
  
 Date:                     

  

			
		
	 Your Signature:
	 	  
		 	(Sign exactly as your name appears on the face of this Note)

			
		
	 Tax Identification No.:
	 	  

  
 Signature Guarantee*:
                                        
     
  

	*	 	Participant in a recognized Signature Guarantee Medallion Program (or other signature guarantor acceptable to the Trustee). 

  

 A-12 

 SCHEDULE OF EXCHANGES OF INTERESTS IN THE GLOBAL NOTE1* 
  
 The initial outstanding principal amount of this Global Note is $                    . The following exchanges
of a part of this Global Note for an interest in another Global Note or for a Definitive Note, or exchanges of a part of another Global or Definitive Note for an interest in this Global Note, have been made: 
  

									
	 Date of Exchange
	  	Amount of
decrease in
Principal
Amount	  	Amount of
increase in
Principal
Amount of this
Global Note	  	Principal
Amount of this
Global Note
following such
decrease or
increase	  	 Signature of
authorized
officer of
Trustee

or Note
Custodian

		  		  		  		  	
		  		  		  		  	
		  		  		  		  	
		  		  		  		  	
		  		  		  		  	
		  		  		  		  	

	*	 	This schedule should be included only if the Note is issued in global form. 

  

 A-13 

 EXHIBIT B 
  
 FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF TRANSFER 
  
 Education Management LLC and Education Management Finance Corp. 
 810 Sixth
Avenue 
 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-2603 
 Attention: General Counsel 
  
 The Bank of New York 
 101 Barclay Street, Floor 8W 
 New York, New York 10286 
 Fax No.: (212) 815-3272 
 Attention: Corporate Trust Administration 
  

	 	Re:	 	8 3/4% Senior Notes due 2014 

  
 Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of June 1, 2006 (the “Indenture”), among Education Management LLC, Education
Management Finance Corp. (together with Education Management LLC, the “Issuers”), the Guarantors named therein and the Trustee. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture.

  
                      (the “Transferor”) owns and proposes to transfer the Note[s] or interest in such Note[s]
specified in Annex A hereto, in the principal amount of $                     in such Note[s] or interests (the “Transfer”),
to                      (the “Transferee”), as further specified in Annex A hereto. In connection with the Transfer, the
Transferor hereby certifies that: 
  
 [CHECK ALL THAT APPLY]

  
 1.  ̈ CHECK IF TRANSFEREE
WILL TAKE DELIVERY OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN THE 144A GLOBAL NOTE OR A DEFINITIVE NOTE PURSUANT TO RULE 144A. The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 144A under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the “Securities Act”), and, accordingly, the Transferor hereby further certifies that the beneficial interest or Definitive Note is being transferred to a Person that the Transferor reasonably believes is purchasing the beneficial
interest or Definitive Note for its own account, or for one or more accounts with respect to which such Person exercises sole investment discretion, and such Person and each such account is a “qualified institutional buyer” within
the meaning of Rule 144A in a transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 144A and such Transfer is in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. 
  
 2.  ̈ CHECK IF TRANSFEREE WILL TAKE
DELIVERY OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN THE REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTE OR A 

  

 B-1 

 
DEFINITIVE NOTE PURSUANT TO REGULATION S. The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904 under the Securities Act
and, accordingly, the Transferor hereby further certifies that (i) the Transfer is not being made to a person in the United States and (x) at the time the buy order was originated, the Transferee was outside the United States or such
Transferor and any Person acting on its behalf reasonably believed and believes that the Transferee was outside the United States or (y) the transaction was executed in, on or through the facilities of a designated offshore securities market
and neither such Transferor nor any Person acting on its behalf knows that the transaction was prearranged with a buyer in the United States, (ii) no directed selling efforts have been made in contravention of the requirements of Rule 903(b) or
Rule 904(b) of Regulation S under the Securities Act (iii) the transaction is not part of a plan or scheme to evade the registration requirements of the Securities Act and (iv) if the proposed transfer is being made prior to the expiration
of the Restricted Period, the transfer is not being made to a U.S. Person or for the account or benefit of a U.S. Person (other than an Initial Purchaser). Upon consummation of the proposed transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the
transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will be subject to the restrictions on Transfer enumerated in the Indenture and the Securities Act. 
  
 3.  ̈ CHECK AND COMPLETE IF TRANSFEREE WILL TAKE DELIVERY OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN THE DEFINITIVE NOTE PURSUANT TO
ANY PROVISION OF THE SECURITIES ACT OTHER THAN RULE 144A OR REGULATION S. The Transfer is being effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to beneficial interests in Restricted Global Notes and Restricted Definitive Notes and
pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act and any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States, and accordingly the Transferor hereby further certifies that (check one): 
  
 (a)  ̈ such Transfer is
being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act; 
  
 or 
  
 (b)  ̈ such Transfer is being effected to the Issuers or a subsidiary thereof; 
  
 or 
  
 (c)  ̈ such Transfer is being effected pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and in compliance with the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act. 

 

 B-2 

 4.  ̈ CHECK IF TRANSFEREE WILL TAKE DELIVERY OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST
IN AN UNRESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE OR OF AN UNRESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE. 
  
 (a)  ̈ CHECK IF TRANSFER IS PURSUANT TO RULE 144. (i) The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act and in compliance with the transfer
restrictions contained in the Indenture and any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States and (ii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to
maintain compliance with the Securities Act. Upon consummation of the proposed Transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will no longer be subject to the restrictions on transfer
enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Global Notes, on Restricted Definitive Notes and in the Indenture. 
  
 (b)  ̈ CHECK IF TRANSFER IS PURSUANT TO REGULATION S. (i) The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in
accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904 under the Securities Act and in compliance with the transfer restrictions contained in the Indenture and any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States and (ii) the restrictions on
transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. Upon consummation of the proposed Transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred
beneficial interest or Definitive Note will no longer be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Global Notes, on Restricted Definitive Notes and in the Indenture. 
  
 (c)  ̈ CHECK IF TRANSFER IS PURSUANT TO
OTHER EXEMPTION. (i) The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in compliance with an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act other than Rule 144, Rule 903 or Rule 904 and in compliance with the transfer
restrictions contained in the Indenture and any applicable blue sky securities laws of any State of the United States and (ii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to
maintain compliance with the Securities Act. Upon consummation of the proposed Transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will not be subject to the restrictions on transfer
enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Global Notes or Restricted Definitive Notes and in the Indenture. 
  

 B-3 

 This certificate and the statements contained herein are made for your benefit and the benefit of the
Issuers. 
  

			
	 [Insert Name of Transferor]

		
	 By:
	 	  
		 	 Name:
 Title:

  
 Dated:                      
  

 B-4 

 ANNEX A TO CERTIFICATE OF TRANSFER 
  

	1.	 	The Transferor owns and proposes to transfer the following: 

  
 [CHECK ONE OF (a) OR (b)] 
  

	(a)	 	 ̈ a beneficial interest in the: 

  

	 	(i)	 	 ̈ 144A Global Note (CUSIP 28140JAA8), or 

  

	 	(ii)	 	 ̈ Regulation S Global Note (CUSIP U27895AA6), or 

  

	(b)	 	 ̈ a Restricted Definitive Note. 

  

	2.	 	After the Transfer the Transferee will hold: 

  
 [CHECK ONE] 
  

	(a)	 	 ̈ a beneficial interest in the: 

  

	 	(i)	 	 ̈ 144A Global Note (CUSIP 28140JAA8), or 

  

	 	(ii)	 	 ̈ Regulation S Global Note (U27895AA6), or 

  

	 	(iii)	 	 ̈ Unrestricted Global Note (CUSIP        ); or 

  

	(b)	 	 ̈ a Restricted Definitive Note; or 

  

	(c)	 	 ̈ an Unrestricted Definitive Note, in accordance with the terms of the Indenture. 

  

 B-5 

 EXHIBIT C 
  
 FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF EXCHANGE 
  
 Education Management LLC and Education Management Finance Corp. 
 810 Sixth
Avenue 
 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-2603 
 Attention: General Counsel 
  
 The Bank of New York 
 101 Barclay Street, Floor 8W 
 New York, New York 10286 
 Fax No.: (212) 815-3272 
 Attention: Corporate Trust Administration 
  

	 	Re:	 	8 3/4% Senior Notes due 2014 

  
 Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of June 1, 2006 (the “Indenture”), among Education Management LLC, Education
Management Finance Corp. (together with Education Management LLC, the “Issuers”), the Guarantors named therein and the Trustee. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture.

  
                      (the “Owner”) owns and proposes to exchange the Note[s] or interest in such Note[s] specified
herein, in the principal amount of $                     in such Note[s] or interests (the “Exchange”). In connection with
the Exchange, the Owner hereby certifies that: 
  
 1) EXCHANGE OF
RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTES OR BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE FOR UNRESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTES OR BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN AN UNRESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE 
  
 a)  ̈ CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL
NOTE TO BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN AN UNRESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE. In connection with the Exchange of the Owner’s beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note in an equal principal amount,
the Owner hereby certifies (i) the beneficial interest is being acquired for the Owner’s own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Global Notes
and pursuant to and in accordance with the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required
in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the beneficial interest 

  

 C-1 

 
in an Unrestricted Global Note is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. 
  
 b)  ̈ CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS
FROM BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE TO UNRESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE. In connection with the Exchange of the Owner’s beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note for an Unrestricted Definitive Note, the Owner hereby certifies
(i) the Definitive Note is being acquired for the Owner’s own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Restricted Global Notes and pursuant to and in
accordance with the Securities Act, (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the Definitive Note is
being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. 
  
 c)  ̈ CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE TO BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN AN UNRESTRICTED
GLOBAL NOTE. In connection with the Owner’s Exchange of a Restricted Definitive Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the beneficial interest is being acquired for the Owner’s
own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to Restricted Definitive Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act, (iii) the restrictions on
transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the beneficial interest is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky
securities laws of any state of the United States. 
  
 d)  ̈ CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE TO UNRESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE. In connection with the Owner’s Exchange of a Restricted Definitive Note for an Unrestricted Definitive Note,
the Owner hereby certifies (i) the Unrestricted Definitive Note is being acquired for the Owner’s own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to Restricted
Definitive Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act, (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act
and (iv) the Unrestricted Definitive Note is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. 
  

2) EXCHANGE OF RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTES OR BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTES FOR 

  

 C-2 

 
RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTES OR BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTES 
  
 a)  ̈ CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL
NOTE TO RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE. In connection with the Exchange of the Owner’s beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note for a Restricted Definitive Note with an equal principal amount, the Owner hereby certifies that the Restricted
Definitive Note is being acquired for the Owner’s own account without transfer. Upon consummation of the proposed Exchange in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the Restricted Definitive Note issued will continue to be subject to the
restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Definitive Note and in the Indenture and the Securities Act. 
  
 b)  ̈ CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE TO BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL
NOTE. In connection with the Exchange of the Owner’s Restricted Definitive Note for a beneficial interest in the [CHECK ONE]  ̈ 144A Global Note  ̈ Regulation S Global Note,
with an equal principal amount, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the beneficial interest is being acquired for the Owner’s own account without transfer and (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer
restrictions applicable to the Restricted Global Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act, and in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. Upon consummation of the proposed
Exchange in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the beneficial interest issued will be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the relevant Restricted Global Note and in the Indenture and
the Securities Act. 
  
 This certificate and the statements
contained herein are made for your benefit and the benefit of the Issuers and are dated                         .

  

			
	 [Insert Name of Transferor]

		
	 By:
	 	  
		 	 Name:
 Title:

  
 Dated:                      
  

 C-3 

 EXHIBIT D 
  
 [FORM OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE TO BE DELIVERED BY SUBSEQUENT GUARANTORS] 
  
 Supplemental Indenture (this “Supplemental Indenture”), dated as of
                    , among
                     (the “Guaranteeing Subsidiary”), a subsidiary of Education Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability
company (the “Company”), and The Bank of New York, as trustee (the “Trustee”). 
  
 WITNESSETH 
  
 WHEREAS, each of the Company, Education Management Finance Corp. (together with the Company, the “Issuers”) and the Guarantors (as defined in the Indenture referred to below) has heretofore executed and delivered to the
Trustee an indenture (the “Indenture”), dated as of June 1, 2006, providing for the issuance of an unlimited aggregate principal amount of 8 3/4% Senior Notes due 2014 (the “Notes”); 
  
 WHEREAS, the Indenture provides that under certain circumstances the
Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture pursuant to which the Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall unconditionally guarantee all of the Issuers’ Obligations under the Notes and the Indenture on the
terms and conditions set forth herein and under the Indenture (the “Guarantee”); and 
  
 WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 9.01 of the Indenture, the Trustee is authorized to execute and deliver this Supplemental Indenture. 
  
 NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and for other good and
valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties mutually covenant and agree for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Notes as follows: 
  
 Section 1. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein are used as defined in the Indenture.

  
 Section 2. Each Guaranteeing Subsidiary, by its execution
of this Supplemental Indenture, agrees to be a Guarantor under the Indenture and to be bound by the terms of the Indenture applicable to Guarantors, including, but not limited to, Article 11 thereof. 
  
 Section 3. The Trustee shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever
for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of this Supplemental Indenture or for or in respect of the recitals contained herein, all of which recitals are made solely by the Guaranteeing Subsidiary. 
  

 D-1 

 Section 3. This Supplemental Indenture shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the
laws of the State of New York. 
  
 Section 4. This
Supplemental Indenture may be signed in various counterparts which together will constitute one and the same instrument. 
  
 Section 5. This Supplemental Indenture is an amendment supplemental to the Indenture and the Indenture and this Supplemental Indenture will
henceforth be read together. 
  

 D-2 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed, all
as of the date first above written. 
  

			
	 [GUARANTEEING SUBSIDIARY]

		
	 By:
	 	  
		 	 Name:
 Title:

  

			
	 THE BANK OF NEW YORK, as Trustee

		
	 By:
	 	  
		 	 Name:
 Title:

  

 D-3

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