Document:

Form of Indemnification Agreement for Directors and Officers

 Exhibit 10.48 
 FORM OF 
 INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT 

 FORM OF 
 INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT 
 THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT (the
“Agreement”) is made and entered into as of March     , 2010 between PRIMERICA, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and [name] (“Indemnitee”). 
 BACKGROUND 
 Highly competent persons have become more reluctant to serve corporations as directors and/or officers or in other capacities unless they are provided with adequate protection through insurance and adequate indemnification against
inordinate risks of claims and actions against them arising out of their service to and activities on behalf of the corporation. 
 The Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) has determined that, in order to attract and retain qualified individuals, the Company will attempt to maintain on an ongoing basis, at its expense, liability insurance to
protect persons serving the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates from certain liabilities. Although the furnishing of such insurance has been a customary and widespread practice among United States-based corporations and other business
enterprises, the Company believes that, given current market conditions and trends, such insurance may be available to it in the future only at higher premiums and with more exclusions. At the same time, directors, officers, and other persons in
service to corporations or business enterprises are being increasingly subjected to expensive and time-consuming litigation relating to, among other things, matters that traditionally would have been brought only against the corporation or business
enterprise itself. The Bylaws of the Company require indemnification of the officers and directors of the Company. Indemnitee may also be entitled to indemnification pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware
(“DGCL”). The Bylaws and the DGCL expressly provide that the indemnification provisions set forth therein are not exclusive, and contemplate that agreements may be entered into between the Company and members of the board of
directors, officers and other persons with respect to indemnification. 
 The uncertainties relating to such insurance and to
indemnification have increased the difficulty of attracting and retaining such persons. The Board has determined that the increased difficulty in attracting and retaining such persons is detrimental to the best interests of the Company’s
stockholders and that the Company should act to assure such persons that there will be increased certainty of such protection in the future. 
 The Board has determined that it is reasonable, prudent and necessary for the Company contractually to obligate itself to indemnify, and to advance expenses on behalf of, such persons to the fullest
extent permitted by applicable law so that they will serve or continue to serve the Company free from undue concern that they will not be so indemnified. 
 This Agreement is a supplement to and in furtherance of the Bylaws of the Company and any resolutions adopted pursuant thereto and the DGCL, and shall not be deemed a substitute therefor, nor to diminish
or abrogate any rights of Indemnitee thereunder. 
  

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 Indemnitee does not regard the protection available under the Company’s Bylaws, the
DGCL and insurance as adequate in the present circumstances, and may not be willing to serve as an officer and/or director without adequate protection, and the Company desires Indemnitee to serve in such capacity. Indemnitee is willing to serve,
continue to serve and to take on additional service for or on behalf of the Company on the condition that he be so indemnified. 
 In consideration of Indemnitee’s agreement to serve as an officer and director of the Company from and after the date hereof, the parties hereto agree as follows: 
 1. Indemnity of Indemnitee. The Company hereby agrees to hold harmless and indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by
Law. In furtherance of the foregoing indemnification, and without limiting the generality thereof: 
 (a) Proceedings Other
Than Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company. Indemnitee shall be entitled to the rights of indemnification provided in this Section l(a) if, by reason of his Corporate Status, the Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party
to or participant in any Proceeding, other than a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company,
and with respect to any criminal Proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the Indemnitee’s conduct was unlawful. Pursuant to this Section 1(a), Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses, judgments, penalties, fines
and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him, or on his behalf, in connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein. 
 (b) Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company. Indemnitee shall be entitled to the rights of indemnification provided in this Section 1(b) if, by reason of his Corporate Status, the
Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in any Proceeding brought by or in the right of the Company. Pursuant to this Section 1(b), Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and
reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee, or on the Indemnitee’s behalf, in connection with such Proceeding if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of
the Company; provided, however, if the Law so requires, no indemnification against such Expenses shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter in such Proceeding as to which Indemnitee shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Company
unless and to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall determine that such indemnification may be made. 
 (c) Indemnification for Expenses of a Party Who is Wholly or Partly Successful. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that Indemnitee is, by reason of his Corporate Status, a party to and is successful,
on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding, he shall be indemnified to the maximum extent permitted by Law, against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith. If Indemnitee is not wholly
successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably
incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue or matter. For purposes of this Section and without limitation, the termination of any claim, issue or matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or
without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim, issue or matter. 
  

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 2. Additional Indemnity. In addition to, and without regard to any limitations on,
the indemnification provided for in Section 1, the Company shall and hereby does indemnify and hold harmless Indemnitee against all Expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by
him or on his behalf if, by reason of his Corporate Status, he is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in any Proceeding (including a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company), including all liability arising out of the
negligence or active or passive wrongdoing of Indemnitee. The only limitation that shall exist upon the Company’s obligations pursuant to this Agreement shall be that the Company shall not be obligated to make any payment to Indemnitee that is
finally determined (under the procedures, and subject to the presumptions, set forth in Sections 6 and 7) to be unlawful. 
 3. Contribution. 
 (a) Whether or not the indemnification provided in
Sections 1 and 2 is available, in respect of any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such action, suit or proceeding), the Company
shall pay, in the first instance, the entire amount of any judgment or settlement of such action, suit or proceeding without requiring Indemnitee to contribute to such payment, and the Company hereby waives and relinquishes any right of contribution
it may have against Indemnitee. The Company shall not enter into any settlement of any action, suit or proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such action, suit or proceeding) unless such
settlement provides for a full and final release of all claims asserted against Indemnitee. 
 (b) Without diminishing or
impairing the obligations of the Company set forth in the preceding subparagraph, if, for any reason, Indemnitee shall elect or be required to pay all or any portion of any judgment or settlement in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit
or proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such action, suit or proceeding), the Company shall contribute to the amount of Expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and
reasonably incurred and paid or payable by Indemnitee in proportion to the relative benefits received by the Company and all officers, directors or employees of the Company, other than Indemnitee, who are jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be
if joined in such action, suit or proceeding), on the one hand, and Indemnitee, on the other hand, from the transaction from which such action, suit or proceeding arose; provided, however, that the proportion determined on the basis of relative
benefit may, to the extent necessary to conform to Law, be further adjusted by reference to the relative fault of the Company and all officers, directors or employees of the Company other than Indemnitee who are jointly liable with Indemnitee (or
would be if joined in such action, suit or proceeding), on the one hand, and Indemnitee, on the other hand, in connection with the events that resulted in such expenses, judgments, fines or settlement amounts, as well as any other equitable
considerations which the Law may require to be considered. The relative fault of the Company and all officers, directors or employees of the Company, other than Indemnitee, who are jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such
action, suit or proceeding), on the one hand, and Indemnitee, on the other hand, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, the degree to which their actions were motivated by intent to gain personal profit or advantage, the degree to
which their liability is primary or secondary and the degree to which their conduct is active or passive. 
  

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 (c) The Company hereby agrees to fully indemnify and hold Indemnitee harmless from any
claims of contribution which may be brought by officers, directors or employees of the Company, other than Indemnitee, who may be jointly liable with Indemnitee. 
 (d) To the fullest extent permissible under Law, if the indemnification provided for in this Agreement is unavailable to Indemnitee for any reason whatsoever, the Company, in lieu of indemnifying
Indemnitee, shall contribute to the amount incurred by Indemnitee, whether for judgments, fines, penalties, excise taxes, amounts paid or to be paid in settlement and/or for Expenses, in connection with any claim relating to an indemnifiable event
under this Agreement, in such proportion as is deemed fair and reasonable in light of all of the circumstances of such Proceeding in order to reflect (i) the relative benefits received by the Company and Indemnitee as a result of the event(s)
and/or transaction(s) giving cause to such Proceeding; and/or (ii) the relative fault of the Company (and its directors, officers, employees and agents) and Indemnitee in connection with such event(s) and/or transaction(s). 
 4. Indemnification for Expenses of a Witness. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that Indemnitee
is, by reason of his Corporate Status, a witness, or is made (or asked to) respond to discovery requests, in any Proceeding to which Indemnitee is not a party, he shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or
on his behalf in connection therewith, without any determination pursuant to Section 6. 
 5. Advancement of
Expenses. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company shall advance all Expenses incurred by or on behalf of Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding by reason of Indemnitee’s Corporate Status within [thirty
(30)] days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements from Indemnitee requesting such advance or advances from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding. Such statement or statements must
reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee and must include or be preceded or accompanied by a written undertaking by or on behalf of Indemnitee to repay any Expenses advanced if it is ultimately determined that Indemnitee is not
entitled to be indemnified against such Expenses. Any advances and undertakings to repay pursuant to this Section 5 shall be unsecured and interest free. 
 6. Procedures and Presumptions for Determination of Entitlement to Indemnification. It is the intent of this Agreement to secure for Indemnitee rights of indemnity that are as favorable as may be
permitted under the Law, including the DGCL and public policy of the State of Delaware. Accordingly, the parties agree that the following procedures and presumptions shall apply in the event of any question as to whether Indemnitee is entitled to
indemnification under this Agreement: 
 (a) To obtain indemnification under this Agreement, Indemnitee shall submit to the
Company a written request, including therein or therewith such documentation and information as is reasonably available to Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification. The
Secretary of the Company shall, promptly upon receipt of such a request for indemnification, advise the Board in writing that Indemnitee has requested indemnification. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any failure of Indemnitee to provide such a
request to the Company, or to provide such a request in a timely fashion, shall not relieve the Company of any liability that it may have to Indemnitee unless, and to the extent that, such failure actually and materially prejudices the interests of
the Company. 
  

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 (b) Upon written request by Indemnitee for indemnification pursuant to the first sentence
of Section 6(a), a determination with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement thereto shall be made in the specific case by one of the following three methods, which shall be at the election of the Board: (1) by a majority vote of
the disinterested directors, even though less than a quorum, (2) by a committee of disinterested directors designated by a majority vote of the disinterested directors, even though less than a quorum, or (3) if there are no disinterested
directors or if the disinterested directors so direct, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board, a copy of which shall be delivered to the Indemnitee. For purposes hereof, disinterested directors are those members of the Board who
are not parties to the action, suit or proceeding in respect of which indemnification is sought by Indemnitee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, following a Change of Control, the determination of entitlement to indemnification will in all events be
made by Independent Counsel (unless the Indemnitee requests in writing that the determination be made by the Board as contemplated above). 
 (c) If the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent Counsel pursuant to Section 6(b), the Independent Counsel shall be selected as provided in this
Section 6(c). The Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Board. Indemnitee may, within 10 days after such written notice of selection shall have been given, deliver to the Company a written objection to such selection; provided,
however, that such objection may be asserted only on the ground that the Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of “Independent Counsel” as defined in Section 14, and the objection shall set forth
the factual basis of such assertion. Absent a proper and timely objection, the person so selected shall act as Independent Counsel. If a written objection is made and substantiated, the Independent Counsel selected may not serve as Independent
Counsel unless and until such objection is withdrawn or a court has determined that such objection is without merit. If, within 20 days after submission by Indemnitee of a written request for indemnification pursuant to Section 6(a), no
Independent Counsel shall have been selected and not objected to, either the Company or Indemnitee may petition the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or other court of competent jurisdiction for resolution of any objection which shall have
been made by the Indemnitee to the Company’s selection of Independent Counsel and/or for the appointment as Independent Counsel of a person selected by the court or by such other person as the court shall designate, and the person with respect
to whom all objections are so resolved or the person so appointed shall act as Independent Counsel under Section 6(b). The Company shall pay any and all reasonable fees and expenses of Independent Counsel incurred by such Independent
Counsel in connection with acting pursuant to Section 6(b), and the Company shall pay all reasonable fees and expenses incident to the procedures of this Section 6(c), regardless of the manner in which such Independent
Counsel was selected or appointed. 
 (d) In making a determination with respect to entitlement to indemnification under this
Agreement, the person or persons or entity making such determination shall presume that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification under this Agreement. Anyone seeking to overcome this presumption shall have the burden of proof and the burden of
persuasion by clear and convincing evidence. Neither the failure of the Company (including by its directors or Independent Counsel) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of any action pursuant to this Agreement that indemnification
is proper in the circumstances because Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct, nor an actual determination by

  

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the Company (including by its directors or Independent Counsel) that Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that
Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct. 
 (e) Indemnitee shall be deemed to have acted in good faith if
Indemnitee’s action is based on the records or books of account of the Enterprise, including financial statements, or on information supplied to Indemnitee by the officers, employees, agents or representatives of the Enterprise in the course of
their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by
the Enterprise. In addition, the knowledge and/or actions, or failure to act, of any director, officer, agent or employee of the Enterprise shall not be imputed to Indemnitee for purposes of determining the right to indemnification under this
Agreement. Whether or not the foregoing provisions of this Section 6(e) are satisfied, it shall in any event be presumed that Indemnitee has at all times acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed
to the best interests of the Company. Anyone seeking to overcome this presumption shall have the burden of proof and the burden of persuasion by clear and convincing evidence. 
 (f) If the person, persons or entity empowered or selected under Section 6 to determine whether Indemnitee is entitled to
indemnification shall not have made a determination within thirty (30) days after receipt by the Company of the request for such determination, the requisite determination of entitlement to indemnification shall be deemed to have been made and
Indemnitee shall be entitled to such indemnification absent (i) a misstatement by Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make Indemnitee’s statement not materially misleading, in connection with the
request for indemnification, or (ii) a prohibition of such indemnification under applicable law; provided, however, that such 30-day period may be extended for a reasonable time, not to exceed an additional thirty (30) days, if the person,
persons or entity making such determination with respect to entitlement to indemnification in good faith requires such additional time to obtain or evaluate documentation and/or information relating thereto. 
 (g) Indemnitee shall cooperate with the person, persons or entity making such determination with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement
to indemnification, including providing to such person, persons or entity upon reasonable advance request any documentation or information which is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and which is reasonably available to Indemnitee
and reasonably necessary to such determination. Any Independent Counsel, member of the Board or stockholder of the Company shall act reasonably and in good faith in making a determination regarding the Indemnitee’s entitlement to
indemnification under this Agreement. Any costs or expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements) incurred by Indemnitee in connection with Indemnitee’s request for indemnification, including his cooperation with the person,
persons or entity making such determination, shall be borne by the Company (irrespective of the determination as to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification), and the Company hereby indemnifies and agrees to hold Indemnitee harmless
therefrom. 
 (h) The Company acknowledges that a settlement or other disposition short of final judgment may be successful if
it permits a party to avoid expense, delay, distraction, disruption and uncertainty. If any action, claim or proceeding to which Indemnitee is a party is resolved in any manner other than by adverse judgment against Indemnitee (including

  

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settlement of such action, claim or proceeding with or without payment of money or other consideration) it shall be presumed that Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise in such
action, suit or proceeding. Anyone seeking to overcome this presumption shall have the burden of proof and the burden of persuasion by clear and convincing evidence. 
 (i) The termination of any Proceeding or of any claim, issue or matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not (except as
otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement) of itself adversely affect the right of Indemnitee to indemnification or create a presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not
opposed to the best interests of the Company or, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. 
 7. Remedies of Indemnitee. 
 (a) If (i) a determination is made
pursuant to Section 6 that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement, (ii) advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 5, (iii) no determination of entitlement to
indemnification is made pursuant to Section 6(b) within sixty (60) days after receipt by the Company of the request for indemnification, or (iv) payment of indemnification is not made within ten (10) days after a
determination has been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification or such determination is deemed to have been made pursuant to Section 6, Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication in an appropriate court of the State of
Delaware, or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, of Indemnitee’s entitlement to such indemnification. The Company shall not oppose Indemnitee’s right to seek any such adjudication. 
 (b) If a determination has been made pursuant to Section 6(b) that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, any judicial
proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 7 shall be conducted in all respects as a de novo trial on the merits, and Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced by reason of the adverse determination under Section 6(b).

 (c) If a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 6(b) that Indemnitee is entitled to
indemnification, the Company shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 7, absent (i) a misstatement by Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact
necessary to make Indemnitee’s misstatement not materially misleading in connection with the application for indemnification, or (ii) a prohibition of such indemnification under applicable law. 
 (d) If Indemnitee, pursuant to this Section 7, seeks a judicial adjudication of his rights under, or to recover damages for
breach of, this Agreement, or to recover under any directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies maintained by the Company, the Company shall pay on his behalf, in advance, any and all expenses (of the types described in the
definition of Expenses in Section 14) actually and reasonably incurred by him in such judicial adjudication, regardless of whether Indemnitee ultimately is determined to be entitled to such indemnification, advancement of expenses or
insurance recovery. 
 (e) The Company shall be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this
Section 7 that the procedures and presumptions of this Agreement are not valid, binding and enforceable and shall stipulate in any such court that the

  

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Company is bound by all the provisions of this Agreement. The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against any and all Expenses and, if requested by Indemnitee, shall (within ten (10) days
after receipt by the Company of a written request therefore) advance, to the extent not prohibited by Law, such expenses to Indemnitee, which are incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any action brought by Indemnitee for indemnification or
advancement of Expenses from the Company under this Agreement or under any directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies maintained by the Company, regardless of whether Indemnitee ultimately is determined to be entitled to such
indemnification, advancement of Expenses or insurance recovery, as the case may be. 
 (f) Notwithstanding anything in this
Agreement to the contrary, no determination as to entitlement to indemnification under this Agreement shall be required to be made prior to the final disposition of the Proceeding. 
 8. Non-Exclusivity; Survival of Rights; Subrogation. 
 (a) The rights of indemnification as provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the Certificate of
Incorporation, the Bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders, a resolution of directors or otherwise, of the Company. No amendment, alteration or repeal of this Agreement or of any provision hereof shall limit or restrict any right of Indemnitee
under this Agreement in respect of any action taken or omitted by such Indemnitee in his Corporate Status prior to such amendment, alteration or repeal. To the extent that a change in the DGCL, whether by statute or judicial decision, permits
greater indemnification than would be afforded currently under the Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and this Agreement, it is the intent of the parties hereto that Indemnitee shall enjoy by this Agreement the greater benefits so afforded by such
change. No right or remedy herein conferred is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every other right and remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given under this Agreement or now or hereafter
existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other right or remedy. 
 (b) If any payment is made under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of
recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights. 
 (c) The Company’s obligation to indemnify or advance Expenses under this Agreement to Indemnitee who is or was serving at the request
of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall be reduced by any amount Indemnitee has actually received as indemnification or
advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise. 
 9. Insurance. 
 (a) The Company shall, from time to time, use good faith, commercially reasonable efforts to
obtain and maintain a policy or policies of insurance,

  

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including broad form individual non-indemnifiable loss coverage (with difference-in-condition feature), with reputable insurance companies providing the officers and directors of the Company with
coverage for losses from wrongful acts, or to ensure the Company’s performance of its indemnification and advancement of Expenses obligations under this Agreement. If the Company maintains directors’ and officers’ liability insurance,
the Indemnitee shall be named as an insured in such manner as to provide the Indemnitee the same rights and benefits as are accorded to the most favorably insured of the Company’s officers or directors. If, at the time of the receipt of a
notice of a claim pursuant to the terms hereof, the Company has director and officer liability insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of the commencement of such proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set
forth in the respective policies. The Company shall thereafter take all necessary or desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of the Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in accordance with the terms of such
policies. If the Company does not maintain insurance as contemplate under this Section 8(b), then it will provide prompt written notice of such fact to the Indemnitee. 
 (b) In the event of a Change in Control, the Company shall obtain and maintain in effect for a period of six (6) years from the
effective date of the Change in Control (either through the Company’s then-existing insurance programs and/or through the purchase of additional insurance policies), the insurance coverage provided by the Company’s then current directors
and officers liability insurance and broad form individual non-indemnifiable loss (with difference-in-condition feature) policies, in respect of acts or omissions occurring at or prior to the effective date of the Change in Control, covering the
Indemnitee [on terms of coverage and in amounts no less favorable to the Indemnitee than those of the policies in effect as of                     ,
2010] or, if substantially equivalent insurance coverage is unavailable, the best available coverage. 
 (c) The Company
further agrees that all of the provisions of this Agreement shall remain in effect regardless of whether liability or other insurance coverage is at any time obtained or retained by the Company; except that any payments made to, or on behalf of, the
Indemnitee under an insurance policy shall reduce the obligations of the Company hereunder. 
 10. Exception to Right of
Indemnification. Except as provided in Section 16, the Company shall not be obligated under this Agreement to make any indemnity in connection with any claim made against Indemnitee: 
 (a) for which payment has actually been made to or on behalf of Indemnitee under any insurance policy or other indemnity provision, except
with respect to any excess beyond the amount paid under any insurance policy or other indemnity provision; or 
 (b) for an
accounting of profits made from the purchase and sale (or sale and purchase) by Indemnitee of securities of the Company within the meaning of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or similar provisions of
state statutory law or common law; or 
 (c) in connection with any Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding) initiated by
Indemnitee, including any Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding) initiated by Indemnitee against the Company or its directors, officers, employees or other indemnitees, unless (i) the Board authorized the Proceeding (or any part of any
Proceeding) prior to its initiation, or (ii) the Company provides the indemnification, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the Company under applicable law. 
  

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 11. Duration of Agreement. The provisions of this Agreement shall be retroactive to
cover acts and omissions or alleged acts or omissions which have taken place prior to the date of this Agreement. All agreements and obligations of the Company contained in this Agreement will continue during the period Indemnitee is an officer or
director of the Company (or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise) and shall continue thereafter so long as Indemnitee
is or becomes subject to any Proceeding (or any proceeding commenced under Section 7) by reason of his Corporate Status, whether or not he is acting or serving in any such capacity at the time any Proceeding is commenced or liability or
expense is incurred for which indemnification can be provided under this Agreement. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective successors (including any direct or
indirect successor by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Company), assigns, spouses, heirs, executors and personal and legal representatives. The Company must require any
successor or assignee (whether direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of the Company or its subsidiaries, to enter into a written agreement in form reasonably
acceptable to Indemnitee, in which such successor expressly assumes and agrees to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform if no such succession or assignment had occurred.

 12. Security. To the extent requested by Indemnitee and approved by the Board, the Company may at any time and from
time to time provide security to Indemnitee for the Company’s obligations under this Agreement through an irrevocable bank line of credit, funded trust or other collateral. Any such security, once provided to Indemnitee, may not be revoked or
released without the prior written consent of the Indemnitee. 
 13. Enforcement. 
 (a) The Company expressly confirms and agrees that it has entered into this Agreement and assumes the obligations imposed on it under this
Agreement in order to induce Indemnitee to serve as an officer or director of the Company, and the Company acknowledges that Indemnitee is relying upon this Agreement in serving as an officer or director of the Company. 
 (b) This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all
prior agreements and understandings, oral, written and implied, between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof. However, if the Indemnitee is a third party beneficiary of any agreement entered into by the Company in connection
with a Change in Control (a “Transaction Agreement”), this Agreement shall in no way limit any additional protections afforded to the Indemnitee as a third party beneficiary pursuant to the terms of such Transaction Agreement. 

14. Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement: 
 (a) “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company. 
  

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 (b) A “Change of Control” shall be deemed to occur upon the earliest to
occur after the date of this Agreement of any of the following events: 
 (i) Acquisition of Stock by Third
Party. Any Person is or becomes the Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing thirty five percent (35%) or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities;

 (ii) Change in Board of Directors. During any period of two (2) consecutive years (not including any
period prior to the execution of this Agreement), individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the Board, and any new director (other than a director designated by a person who has entered into an agreement with the Company to effect a
transaction described in paragraphs (b)(i), (b)(iii) or (b)(iv)) whose election by the Board or nomination for election by the Company’s stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who either
were directors at the beginning of the period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute a least a majority of the members of the Board; 
 (iii) Corporate Transactions. The effective date of a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other entity, other
than a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting
securities of the surviving entity) more than 51% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation and with the power to elect at least a majority of the board
of directors or other governing body of such surviving entity; and 
 (iv) Liquidation. The approval by the
stockholders of the Company of a complete liquidation of the Company or an agreement for the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets. 
 (c) “Corporate Status” describes the status of a person who is or was a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of
the Company or of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that such person is or was serving at the request of the Company. It is expressly understood and agreed that, from all times after
[the beginning of calendar year 1999], the Indemnitee has served as an officer, director, and/or employee of [Primerica Life Insurance Company] and its operating entities, including [List relevant Primerica entities] (collectively, the
“Primerica Companies”), and that

  

 12 

 
the indemnification and other rights provided for under this Agreement will apply to any Proceeding arising out of Indemnitee’s service as an officer, director, employee and/or agent of any
of the Primerica Companies prior to, on or after the date of this Agreement. 
 (d) “DGCL” means the General
Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. 
 (e) “Disinterested Director” means a director of the Company who
is not and was not a party to the Proceeding in respect of which indemnification is sought by Indemnitee. 
 (f)
“Enterprise” means the Company and any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise or entity that Indemnitee is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer,
employee, agent or fiduciary. 
 (g) “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 (h) “Expenses” will include all attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of
experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting,
defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, participating, or being or preparing to be a witness in a Proceeding, or responding to, or objecting to, a request to provide discovery in any Proceeding. Expenses also will include
Expenses incurred in connection with any appeal resulting from any Proceeding and any federal, state, local or foreign taxes imposed on the Indemnitee as a result of the actual or deemed receipt of any payments under this Agreement, including the
premium, security for, and other costs relating to any cost bond, supersede as bond, or other appeal bond or its equivalent. Expenses, however, shall not include amounts paid in settlement by Indemnitee or the amount of judgments or fines against
Indemnitee. 
 (i) “Independent Counsel” means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in
matters of corporation law and neither presently is, nor in the past five years has been, retained to represent: (i) the Company or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party (other than with respect to matters concerning Indemnitee
under this Agreement, or of other indemnitees under similar indemnification agreements), or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “Independent
Counsel” will not include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the Company or Indemnitee in an action to determine Indemnitee’s
rights under this Agreement. The Company agrees to pay the reasonable fees of the Independent Counsel referred to above and to fully indemnify such counsel against any and all Expenses, claims, liabilities and damages arising out of or relating to
this Agreement or its engagement pursuant hereto. In all cases, Independent Counsel will be selected by the Board, subject to the objection procedures in Section 6(c). 
 (j) “Law” means applicable laws, rules, and regulations, as they may be amended from time and time and are then in effect.

  

 13 

 (k) “Person” has the meaning as set forth in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of
the Exchange Act; provided, however, that Person shall exclude (i) the Company, and (ii) any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company. 
 (l) “Proceeding” includes any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution
mechanism, investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing or any other actual, threatened or completed proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the Company or otherwise and whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, in which
Indemnitee was, is or will be involved as a party or otherwise, by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was an officer or director of the Company, by reason of any action taken by him or of any inaction on his part while acting as an officer or
director of the Company, or by reason of the fact that he is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other Enterprise; in each
case whether or not he is acting or serving in any such capacity at the time any liability or expense is incurred for which indemnification can be provided under this Agreement; including one pending on or before the date of this Agreement, but
excluding one initiated by an Indemnitee pursuant to Section 7 to enforce his rights under this Agreement. 
 15.
Spousal Indemnification. The Company will indemnify the Indemnitee’s spouse to whom the Indemnitee is legally married at any time the Indemnitee is covered under the indemnification provided in this Agreement (even if Indemnitee did not
remain married to her during the entire period of coverage) against Proceeding for the same period, to the same extent and subject to the same standards, limitations, obligations and conditions under which the Indemnitee is provided indemnification
under this Agreement, if the Indemnitee’s spouse (or former spouse) becomes involved in a Proceeding by reason of his or her status as Indemnitee’s spouse, including any Proceeding that seeks damages recoverable from marital community
property, jointly-owned property or property purported to have been transferred from the Indemnitee to his/her spouse (or former spouse). The Indemnitee’s spouse or former spouse also shall be entitled to advancement of Expenses to the same
extent that Indemnitee is entitled to advancement of Expenses under this Agreement. The Company may maintain insurance to cover its obligation under this Agreement with respect to Indemnitee’s spouse (or former spouse) or set aside assets in a
trust or escrow fund for that purpose. 
 16. Attorney’s Fees and Other Expenses to Enforce Agreement. If the
Indemnitee is subject to or intervenes in any proceeding in which the validity or enforceability of this Agreement is at issue or seeks an adjudication or award in arbitration to enforce the Indemnitee’s rights under, or to recover damages for
breach of, this Agreement the Indemnitee, if he prevails in whole or in part in such action, shall be entitled to recover from the Company and shall be indemnified by the Company against any actual expenses for attorneys’ fees and disbursements
reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee. 
 17. Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this
Agreement will in no way affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this Agreement is intended to confer upon Indemnitee indemnification rights to the fullest extent permitted by
applicable laws. If any provision of this Agreement conflicts with any applicable law, such provision shall be deemed modified, consistent with the aforementioned intent, to the extent necessary to resolve such conflict. 
  

 14 

 18. Modification and Waiver. No supplement, modification, termination or amendment of
this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by both of the parties hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provisions hereof (whether or not similar) nor
shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver. 
 19. Notice By Indemnitee. Indemnitee agrees promptly to notify the
Company in writing upon being served with or otherwise receiving any summons, citation, subpoena, complaint, indictment, information or other document relating to any Proceeding or matter which may be subject to indemnification covered under this
Agreement. The failure to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of any obligation which it may have to Indemnitee under this Agreement or otherwise unless and only to the extent that such failure or delay materially prejudices the
Company. 
 20. Notices. All notices and other communications given or made pursuant to this Agreement must be in writing
and shall be deemed effectively given: (a) upon personal delivery to the party to be notified, (b) when sent by confirmed electronic mail or facsimile if sent during normal business hours of the recipient, and if not so confirmed, then on
the next business day, (c) five (5) days after having been sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or (d) one (1) day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier,
specifying next day delivery, with written verification of receipt. All communications shall be sent: 
 (a) To Indemnitee at
the address set forth below Indemnitee signature hereto. 
 (b) To the Company at: 
  

					
	  
	  	
	  
	  	
	  
	  	
	 Attention:
	 	  
	  	

 or to such other address as may have been furnished to Indemnitee by the Company or to the Company by Indemnitee,
as the case may be. 
 21. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall
be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. This Agreement may also be executed and delivered by facsimile signature and in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but
all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. 
 22. Headings; Interpretation. The headings of the
paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof. All Section references are to the corresponding Section of this Agreement, unless
otherwise specified. As used in this Agreement, the term “including” means “including, without limitation” in each instance. 
  

 15 

 23. Governing Law and Consent to Jurisdiction. This Agreement and the legal relations
among the parties shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to its conflict of laws rules. The Company and Indemnitee hereby irrevocably and unconditionally (i) agree
that any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be brought only in the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware (or any other court in Delaware that has jurisdiction over the matter) (the “Delaware
Court”), and not in any other state or federal court in the United States of America or any court in any other country, (ii) consent to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Delaware Court for purposes of any action or proceeding
arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, (iii) appoint, to the extent such party is not otherwise subject to service of process in the State of Delaware, irrevocably [name] [address] as its agent in the State of Delaware as such
party’s agent for acceptance of legal process in connection with any such action or proceeding against such party with the same legal force and validity as if served upon such party personally within the State of Delaware, (iv) waive any
objection to the laying of venue of any such action or proceeding in the Delaware Court, and (v) waive, and agree not to plead or to make, any claim that any such action or proceeding brought in the Delaware Court has been brought in an
improper or inconvenient forum. 
 SIGNATURE PAGE TO FOLLOW 
  

 16 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on and as of the day and
year first above written. 
  

					
	 COMPANY
  
 PRIMERICA, INC.

		
	By:	 	  

		 	Name:	 	  

		 	Title:	 	  

					
	
	INDEMNITEE
	
	  

	Name:	 	  

					
		
	Address:	 	
	  

	  

	  

	  

  

 17Form of Warrant Agreement

 Exhibit 4.4 
 WARRANT AGREEMENT 
 This Warrant Agreement
(“Warrant Agreement”) is made as of             , 2010, by and between Vringo, Inc., a Delaware corporation, (the “Company”), and American Stock
Transfer & Trust Company (the “Warrant Agent”). 
 WHEREAS, the Company is engaged in a public
offering (the “Public Offering”) of 2,760,000 units (the “Units”) of the Company (including 360,000 additional Units if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full), each Unit consisting of one
share of common stock, par value $.01 per share (the “Common Stock”) and two warrants (the “Warrants”), each warrant entitling its holder to purchase one share of Common Stock (the “Warrant
Shares”); 
 WHEREAS, the Company has filed, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
“SEC”), a registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-164575), as amended (the “Registration Statement”), for the registration, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
“Act”), of, among other securities, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares; and 
 WHEREAS, the Company desires
the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing to so act, in connection with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange, redemption and exercise of the Warrants; and 
 WHEREAS, the Company desires to provide for the form and provisions of the Warrants, the terms upon which they shall be issued and
exercised, and the respective rights, limitation of rights and immunities of the Company, the Warrant Agent and the holders of the Warrants; and 
 WHEREAS, all acts and things have been done and performed which are necessary to make the Warrants, when executed on behalf of the Company and countersigned by or on behalf of the Warrant Agent, as
provided herein, the legally valid and binding obligations of the Company, and to authorize the execution and delivery of this Warrant Agreement. 
 NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows: 
 1. Appointment of Warrant Agent. The Company hereby appoints the Warrant Agent to act as agent for the Company for the Warrants, and the Warrant Agent hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to
perform the same in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Warrant Agreement. 
 2. Warrants.

 2.1 Form of Warrant. Each Warrant shall be: (a) issued in registered form only, (b) in
substantially the form of Exhibit A hereto, the provisions of which are incorporated herein, (c) signed by, or bear the facsimile signature of, the Chairman of the Board or, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, and the Treasurer,
Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company, and (d) shall bear a facsimile of the Company’s seal. In the event the person whose facsimile signature has been placed upon any Warrant shall have ceased to serve in the capacity in which
such person signed the Warrant before such Warrant is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if he or she had not ceased to be such at the date of issuance. 
 2.2 Effect of Countersignature. Unless and until countersigned by the Warrant Agent pursuant to this Warrant
Agreement, a Warrant shall be invalid and of no effect and may not be exercised by the holder thereof. 

 2.3 Registration. 
 2.3.1 Warrant Register. The Warrant Agent shall maintain books (the “Warrant Register”), for the
registration of the original issuance and transfers of the Warrants. Upon the initial issuance of the Warrants, the Warrant Agent shall issue and register the Warrants in the names of the respective holders thereof in such denominations and
otherwise in accordance with instructions delivered to the Warrant Agent by the Company. 
 2.3.2 Registered
Holder. Prior to due presentment for registration of transfer of any Warrant, the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the person in whose name such Warrant shall be registered upon the Warrant Register (“Registered
Holder”) as the absolute owner of such Warrant and of each Warrant represented thereby (notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing on the Warrant certificate made by anyone other than the Company or the Warrant Agent), for
the purpose of any exercise thereof, and for all other purposes, and neither the Company nor the Warrant Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary. 
 2.4 Detachability of Warrants. The Common Stock and the Warrants comprising the Units will begin
to trade separately on or prior to the date that is the 90th day following the effectiveness of the Registration Statement (the “Detachment Date”), provided that in no event will separate trading of the securities comprising the Units commence until the Company issues a press
release announcing when such separate trading will begin. 
 3. Terms and Exercise of Warrants. 
 3.1 Warrant Price. Each Warrant shall, when countersigned by the Warrant Agent, entitle the Registered Holder thereof,
subject to the provisions of such Warrant and of this Warrant Agreement, to purchase from the Company the number of shares of Common Stock stated therein, at the price of
$             per whole share of Common Stock, subject to the adjustments provided in Section 4 hereof and in the last sentence of this Section 3.1. The term
“Warrant Price” as used in this Warrant Agreement refers to the price per whole share at which Common Stock may be purchased at the time such Warrant is exercised. The Company, in its sole discretion, may lower the Warrant Price at
any time prior to the Expiration Date (as defined below); provided, that any such reduction shall be identical in percentage terms among all of the then outstanding Warrants. 
 3.2 Duration of Warrants. A Warrant may be exercised only during the period (“Exercise Period”)
commencing on the effective date of the Registration Statement and terminating at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the earlier to occur of (i)             , 2015 [5 years
following the effective date], or (ii) the date fixed for redemption of the Warrants as provided in Section 6 of this Warrant Agreement (“Expiration Date”). Except with respect to the right to receive the Redemption Price
(as set forth in Section 6 hereunder), each Warrant not exercised on or before the Expiration Date shall become void, and all rights thereunder and all rights in respect thereof under this Warrant Agreement shall cease at the close of business
on the Expiration Date. The Company may extend the duration of the Warrants by delaying the Expiration Date; provided, however, that the Company will provide notice of not less than 20 days to Registered Holders of such extension and that such
extension shall be identical in duration among all of the then outstanding Warrants. 
 3.3 Exercise of
Warrants. 
 3.3.1 Payment. Subject to the provisions of the Warrant and this Warrant Agreement, a
Warrant, when countersigned by the Company, may be exercised by the Registered Holder thereof by surrendering it at the office of the Warrant Agent, or at the office of its successor as Warrant Agent, in the Borough of Manhattan, City and State of
New York, with the subscription form, as set forth in the Warrant, duly executed, and by paying in full, in lawful money of the United States, in cash or by certified or bank cashier’s check payable to the order of the Company, the Warrant
Price for each whole Warrant Share as to which the Warrant is exercised and any and all applicable taxes due in connection with the exercise of the Warrant, the exchange of the Warrant for the Warrant Shares, and the issuance of the Warrant Shares.

  

 2 

 3.3.2 Fractional Shares. Notwithstanding any provision to the
contrary contained in this Warrant Agreement, the Company shall not be required to issue any fraction of a Warrant Share in connection with the exercise of Warrants, and in any case where the Registered Holder would be entitled under the terms of
the Warrants to receive a fraction of a Warrant Share upon the exercise of such Registered Holder’s Warrants, issue or cause to be issued only the largest whole number of Warrant Shares issuable on such exercise (and such fraction of a Warrant
Share will be disregarded); provided, that if more than one Warrant certificate is presented for exercise at the same time by the same Registered Holder, the number of whole Warrant Shares which shall be issuable upon the exercise thereof shall be
computed on the basis of the aggregate number of Warrant Shares issuable on exercise of all such Warrants. 
 3.3.3 Issuance of Certificates. As soon as practicable after the exercise of any Warrant and the clearance of the funds in payment of the Warrant Price, the Company shall issue to the Registered Holder of such Warrant a certificate
or certificates representing the number of full shares of Common Stock to which he, she or it is entitled, registered in such name or names as may be directed by him, her or it, and, if such Warrant shall not have been exercised or surrendered in
full, a new countersigned Warrant for the number of shares as to which such Warrant shall not have been exercised or surrendered. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not be obligated to deliver any securities pursuant to the exercise of
a Warrant unless (a) a registration statement under the Act with respect to the Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such Warrants is effective and a current prospectus relating to the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the
Warrants is available for delivery to the Registered Holder of the Warrant or (b) in the opinion of counsel to the Company, the exercise of the Warrants is exempt from the registration requirements of the Act and such securities are qualified
for sale or exempt from qualification under applicable securities laws of the states or other jurisdictions in which the Registered Holder resides. Warrants may not be exercised by, or securities issued to, any Registered Holder in any state in
which such exercise or issuance would be unlawful. In the event a registration statement under the Act with respect to the Common Stock underlying the Warrants is not effective or a prospectus is not available, or because such exercise would be
unlawful with respect to a Registered Holder in any state, the Registered Holder shall not be entitled to exercise such Warrants and such Warrants may have no value and expire worthless. In no event will the Company be obligated to pay such
Registered Holder any cash consideration upon exercise or otherwise “net cash settle” the Warrant. In the event that a Registration Statement is not effective for the exercised Warrants, the purchaser of a Unit containing such Warrants,
will have paid the full purchase price for the Unit solely for the shares of Common Stock included in such Unit. 
 3.3.4 Valid Issuance. All shares of Common Stock issued upon the proper exercise or surrender of a Warrant in conformity with this Warrant Agreement shall be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. 
 3.3.5 Date of Issuance. Each person or entity in whose name any such certificate for shares of Common Stock is issued
shall, for all purposes, be deemed to have become the holder of record of such shares on the date on which the Warrant was surrendered and payment of the Warrant Price was made, irrespective of the date of delivery of such certificate, except that,
if the date of such surrender and payment is a date when the stock transfer books of the Company are closed, such person shall be deemed to have become the holder of such shares at the close of business on the next succeeding date on which the stock
transfer books are open. 
 3.4 Warrant Solicitation and Warrant Solicitation Fee. 
 3.4.1 The Company has engaged Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”), on a non-exclusive basis, as its agent for the
solicitation of the exercise of the Warrants. The Company, at its cost, will: (i) assist Maxim with respect to such solicitation, if requested by Maxim, and (ii) provide Maxim, and direct the Company’s transfer agent and the Warrant
Agent to deliver to Maxim, lists of the record and, to the extent known, beneficial owners of the Company’s Warrants. The Company hereby instructs the Warrant Agent to cooperate with Maxim in every respect in connection with Maxim’s
solicitation activities, including, but not limited to, providing to Maxim, at the Company’s cost, a list of record and beneficial

  

 3 

 
holders of the Warrants and circulating a prospectus or offering circular disclosing the compensation arrangements referenced in Section 3.4.2 below to holders of the Warrants at the time of
exercise of the Warrants. In addition to the conditions set forth in Section 3.4.2, Maxim shall accept payment of the warrant solicitation fee provided in Section 3.4.2 only if permitted under the rules and regulations of FINRA and only to
the extent that a holder who exercises his Warrants specifically designates, in writing, that Maxim solicited the exercise. In addition to soliciting, either orally or in writing, the exercise of Warrants by a Warrant holder, such services may also
include disseminating information, either orally or in writing, to Warrant holders about the Company or the market for the Company’s securities, or assisting in the processing of the exercise of Warrants. 
 3.4.2 In each instance in which a Warrant is exercised, the Warrant Agent shall promptly give written notice
(“Warrant Agent’s Exercise Notice”) of such exercise to the Company and Maxim. If, upon the exercise of any Warrant more than one year from the effective date of the Registration Statement: (i) the market price of the
Company’s Common Stock is greater than the Warrant Price, (ii) disclosure of compensation arrangements between the Company and Maxim with respect to the solicitation of the exercise of the Warrants was made both at the time of the Public
Offering and at the time of exercise (by delivery of a prospectus or as otherwise required by applicable law, rule or regulation), (iii) the holder of the Warrant confirms in writing that the exercise of the Warrant was solicited by Maxim,
(iv) the Warrant was not held in a discretionary account, and (v) the solicitation of the exercise of the Warrant was not in violation of Regulation M (as such rule or any successor rule may be in effect as of such time of exercise)
promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, then the Warrant Agent, simultaneously with the distribution of the common stock underlying the Warrants so exercised in accordance with the instructions from the Company following
receipt of the proceeds to the Company received upon exercise of such Warrant(s), shall, on behalf of the Company, pay a fee of 3% of the Warrant Price to Maxim, provided that Maxim delivers to the Warrant Agent within ten (10) business
days from the date on which Maxim has received the Warrant Agent’s Exercise Notice, a certificate that the conditions set forth in the preceding clauses (iii), (iv) and (v) have been satisfied. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no fee
will be paid to Maxim or its affiliates of Warrants purchased by it or them and still held by it her them for its or their own account. Maxim and the Company may, at any time during business hours, examine the records of the Warrant Agent, including
its ledger of original Warrant certificates returned to the Warrant Agent upon exercise of Warrants. 
 3.4.3 The
provisions of this Section 3.4 may not be modified, amended or deleted without the prior written consent of Maxim. 
 4.
Adjustments. 
 4.1 Stock Dividends, Split-Ups. If, after the date hereof, and subject to the
provisions of Section 4.6 below, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock is increased by a stock dividend payable in shares of Common Stock, or by a split-up of shares of Common Stock, or other similar event, then, on the effective
date of such stock dividend, split-up or similar event, the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on exercise of each Warrant shall be increased in proportion to such increase in outstanding shares of Common Stock. 
 4.2 Extraordinary Dividend. If the Company, at any time during the Exercise Period, shall pay a dividend or make a
distribution in cash, securities or other assets to the holders of Common Stock (or other shares of the Company’s capital stock into which the Warrants are exerciseable), other than (a) as described in Sections 4.1, 4.3 or 4.5,
(b) regular quarterly or other periodic dividends, (c) in connection with the conversion rights of the holders of Common Stock upon consummation of a business combination, or (d) in connection with the Company’s liquidation and
the distribution of its assets (any such non-excluded event being referred to herein as an “Extraordinary Dividend”), then the Warrant Price shall be decreased, effective immediately after the effective date of such Extraordinary Dividend,
by the amount of cash and/or the fair market value (as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors, in good faith) of any securities or other assets paid on each share of Common Stock in respect of such Extraordinary Dividend. 
  

 4 

 4.3 Aggregation of Shares. If, after the date hereof, and subject to
the provisions of Section 4.7, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock is decreased by a consolidation, combination, reverse stock split or reclassification of shares of Common Stock or other similar event, then, on the effective date
of such consolidation, combination, reverse stock split, reclassification or similar event, the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on exercise of each Warrant shall be decreased in proportion to such decrease in outstanding shares of Common
Stock. 
 4.4 Adjustments in Exercise Price. Whenever the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable
upon the exercise of the Warrants is adjusted, as provided in Sections 4.1 and 4.3 above, the Warrant Price shall be adjusted (to the nearest cent) by multiplying such Warrant Price, immediately prior to such adjustment, by a fraction, (a) the
numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon the exercise of the Warrants immediately prior to such adjustment, and (b) the denominator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock so purchasable
immediately thereafter. 
 4.5 Replacement of Securities upon Reorganization, etc. In case of any
reclassification or reorganization of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (other than a change covered by Sections 4.1 or 4.3 hereof or one that solely affects the par value of such shares of Common Stock), or, in the case of any merger or
consolidation of the Company with or into another corporation (other than a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing corporation and that does not result in any reclassification or reorganization of the outstanding shares of
Common Stock), or, in the case of any sale or conveyance to another corporation or entity of the assets or other property of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety, in connection with which the Company is dissolved, the
Registered Holders shall thereafter have the right to purchase and receive, upon the basis and upon the terms and conditions specified in the Warrants and in lieu of the shares of Common Stock of the Company immediately theretofore purchasable and
receivable upon the exercise of the rights represented thereby, the kind and amount of shares of stock or other securities or property (including cash) receivable upon such reclassification, reorganization, merger or consolidation, or upon a
dissolution following any such sale or transfer, that the Registered Holder would have received if such Registered Holder had exercised his, her or its Warrant(s) immediately prior to such event; and if any reclassification also results in a change
in shares of Common Stock covered by Sections 4.1 or 4.3, then such adjustment shall be made pursuant to Sections 4.1, 4.3, 4.4 and this Section 4.5. The provisions of this Section 4.5 shall similarly apply to successive reclassifications,
reorganizations, mergers or consolidations, sales or other transfers. 
 4.6 Notices of Changes in
Warrant. Upon every adjustment of the Warrant Price or the number of shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant, the Company shall give written notice thereof to the Warrant Agent, which notice shall state the Warrant Price resulting from such
adjustment and the increase or decrease, if any, in the number of shares purchasable at such price upon the exercise of a Warrant, setting forth in reasonable detail the method of calculation and the facts upon which such calculation is based. Upon
the occurrence of any event specified in Sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 or 4.4 the Company shall give written notice to each Registered Holder, at the last address set forth for such Registered Holder in the Warrant Register, of the record date or the
effective date of the event. Failure to give such notice, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of such event. 
 4.7 Form of Warrant. The form of Warrant need not be changed because of any adjustment pursuant to this Section 4, and Warrants issued after such adjustment may state the same Warrant Price
and the same number of shares as is stated in the Warrants initially issued pursuant to this Warrant Agreement. However, the Company may, at any time, in its sole discretion, make any change in the form of Warrant that the Company may deem
appropriate and that does not affect the substance thereof, and any Warrant thereafter issued or countersigned, whether in exchange or substitution for an outstanding Warrant or otherwise, may be in the form as so changed. 
 4.8 Notice of Certain Transactions. In the event that the Company shall (a) offer to holders of all its
Common Stock rights to subscribe for or to purchase any securities convertible into shares of Common Stock or shares of stock of any class or any other securities, rights or options, (b) issue any rights, options or warrants entitling all the
holders of Common Stock to subscribe for shares of Common

  

 5 

 
Stock, or (c) make a tender offer, redemption offer or exchange offer with respect to the Common Stock, the Company shall send to the Registered Holders a notice of such action or offer.
Such notice shall be mailed to the Registered Holders at their addresses as they appear in the Warrant Register, which shall specify the record date for the purposes of such dividend, distribution or rights, or the date such issuance or event is to
take place and the date of participation therein by the holders of Common Stock, if any such date is to be fixed, and shall briefly indicate the effect of such action on the Common Stock and on the number and kind of any other shares of stock and on
other property, if any, and the number of shares of Common Stock and other property, if any, issuable upon exercise of each Warrant and the Warrant Price after giving effect to any adjustment pursuant to this Section 4 which would be required
as a result of such action. Such notice shall be given as promptly as practicable after the Company has taken any such action. 
 5. Transfer and Exchange of Warrants. 
 5.1 Transfer of Warrants. Prior to the Detachment
Date, the Warrants may be transferred or exchanged only together with the Unit in which such Warrant is included, and only for the purpose of effecting, or in conjunction with, a transfer or exchange of such Unit. Furthermore, each transfer of a
Unit on the register relating to such Units shall operate also to transfer the Warrants included in such Unit. From and after the Detachment Date, this Section 5.1 will have no further force and effect. 
 5.2 Registration of Transfer. The Warrant Agent shall register the transfer, from time to time, of any outstanding
Warrant into the Warrant Register, upon surrender of such Warrant for transfer, properly endorsed with signatures properly guaranteed and accompanied by appropriate instructions for transfer. Upon any such transfer, a new Warrant representing an
equal aggregate number of Warrants shall be issued and the old Warrant shall be cancelled by the Warrant Agent. The Warrants so cancelled shall be delivered by the Warrant Agent to the Company from time to time upon the Company’s request.

 5.3 Procedure for Surrender of Warrants. Warrants may be surrendered to the Warrant Agent, together
with a written request for exchange or transfer, and, thereupon, the Warrant Agent shall issue in exchange therefor one or more new Warrants as requested by the Registered Holder of the Warrants so surrendered, representing an equal aggregate number
of Warrants; provided, however, that, in the event a Warrant surrendered for transfer bears a restrictive legend, the Warrant Agent shall not cancel such Warrant and shall issue new Warrants in exchange therefor until the Warrant Agent has received
an opinion of counsel for the Company stating that such transfer may be made and indicating whether the new Warrants must also bear a restrictive legend. 
 5.4 Fractional Warrants. The Warrant Agent shall not be required to effect any registration of transfer or exchange which will result in the issuance of a warrant certificate for a fraction of a
warrant. 
 5.5 Service Charges. No service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of
transfer of Warrants. 
 5.6 Warrant Execution and Countersignature. The Warrant Agent is hereby
authorized to countersign and to deliver, in accordance with the terms of this Warrant Agreement, the Warrants required to be issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section 5, and the Company, whenever required by the Warrant Agent, will
supply the Warrant Agent with Warrants duly executed on behalf of the Company for such purpose. 
 6. Redemption.

 6.1 Redemption. Subject to the second sentence of this Section 6.1, all (and not less than all) of
the outstanding Warrants may be redeemed, at the option of the Company, at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at the office of the Warrant Agent, upon the notice referred to in Section 6.2, at the price of
$.01 per Warrant (“Redemption Price”); provided that the last sales

  

 6 

 
price of the Common Stock has been equal to or greater than $[        ] per share (subject to adjustment for splits, dividends, recapitalizations and other
similar events), on each of twenty (20) trading days within any thirty (30) trading day period ending on the third business day prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a registration
statement under the Act with respect to the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise must be effective and a current prospectus must be available for use by the Registered Holders thereof in order for the Company to exercise its redemption
rights pursuant to this Section 6. 
 6.2 Date Fixed for, and Notice of, Redemption. In the event the
Company shall elect to redeem all of the Warrants, the Company shall fix a date for the redemption. Notice of redemption shall be mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, by the Company not less than 30 days prior to the date fixed for
redemption to the Registered Holders of the Warrants to be redeemed at their last addresses as they shall appear on the Warrant Register. Any notice mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether
or not the Registered Holder received such notice. 
 6.3 Exercise After Notice of Redemption. The
Warrants may be exercised in accordance with Section 3 of this Warrant Agreement at any time after notice of redemption shall have been given by the Company pursuant to Section 6.2 hereof and prior to the time and date fixed for
redemption. On and after the redemption date, the Registered Holder of the Warrants shall have no further rights except to receive, upon surrender of the Warrants, the Redemption Price. 
 6.4 No Other Rights to Cash Payment. Except for a redemption in accordance with this Section 6, no Registered
Holder of any Warrant shall be entitled to any cash payment whatsoever from the Company in connection with the ownership, exercise or surrender of any Warrant under this Warrant Agreement, regardless of whether a registration statement under the Act
with respect to the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise is effective and a current prospectus is available for use by the Registered Holders thereof. 
 7. Other Provisions Relating to Rights of Registered Holders of Warrants. 
 7.1 No Rights as Stockholder. A Warrant does not entitle the Registered Holder thereof to any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to receive
dividends, or other distributions, exercise any preemptive rights to vote or to consent or to receive notice as stockholders in respect of the meetings of stockholders or the election of directors of the Company or any other matter. 
 7.2 Lost, Stolen Mutilated or Destroyed Warrants. If any Warrant is lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed, the Company
and the Warrant Agent may, on such terms as to indemnity or otherwise as they may in their discretion impose (which terms shall, in the case of a mutilated Warrant, include the surrender thereof), issue a new Warrant of like denomination, tenor and
date as the Warrant so lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed. Any such new Warrant shall constitute a substitute contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the allegedly lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed Warrant shall be at any time
enforceable by anyone. 
 7.3 Reservation of Common Stock. The Company shall at all times reserve and keep
available a number of its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock that will be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding Warrants issued pursuant to this Warrant Agreement. 
 7.4 Registration of Common Stock. The Company agrees that prior to the commencement of the Exercise Period, it shall
file with the SEC a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement, or a new registration statement, for the registration, under the Act, of the Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, and it shall take such action as is
necessary to qualify for sale, in those states in which the Warrants were initially offered by the Company, the Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants. In either case, the Company will use its best efforts to cause the same to become
effective on or prior to the commencement of the Exercise Period and to use its best efforts

  

 7 

 
to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement until the expiration of the Warrants in accordance with the provisions of this Warrant Agreement; provided, however, that the Company
shall not be obligated to deliver Common Stock and shall not have penalties for failure to deliver Common Stock if a registration statement is not effective or a current prospectus is not on file with the SEC at the time of exercise by the
Registered Holder. In addition, the Company agrees to use its reasonable efforts to register such securities under the blue sky laws of the states of residence of the exercising Registered Holders to the extent an exemption under the Act is not
available for the exercise of the Warrants. In no event will the Registered Holder of a Warrant be entitled to receive a net-cash settlement or shares of Common Stock or other consideration as of result of the Company’s non-compliance with this
Section 7.4. The provisions of this Section 7.4 may not be modified, amended or deleted without the prior written consent of Maxim, the representative of the underwriters (the “Underwriters”). 
 8. Concerning the Warrant Agent and Other Matters. 
 8.1 Payment of Taxes. The Company will, from time to time, promptly pay all taxes and charges that may be imposed upon
the Company or the Warrant Agent in respect of the issuance or delivery of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of Warrants, but the Company shall not be obligated to pay any transfer taxes in respect of the Warrants or such shares. 

8.2 Resignation, Consolidation, or Merger of Warrant Agent. 
 8.2.1 Appointment of Successor Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent, or any successor to it hereafter appointed, may
resign its duties and be discharged from all further duties and liabilities hereunder after giving sixty (60) days’ notice in writing to the Company. If the office of the Warrant Agent becomes vacant by resignation or incapacity to act or
otherwise, the Company shall appoint, in writing, a successor Warrant Agent in place of the Warrant Agent. If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of 30 days after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or
incapacity by the Warrant Agent or by the Registered Holder of the Warrant (who shall, with such notice, submit his, her or its Warrant for inspection by the Company), then the Registered Holder of any Warrant may apply to the Supreme Court of the
State of New York for the County of New York for the appointment of a successor Warrant Agent. Any successor Warrant Agent, whether appointed by the Company or by such court, shall be a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State
of New York, in good standing and having its principal office in the Borough of Manhattan, City and State of New York, and be authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers and subject to supervision or examination by federal or state
authorities. After appointment, any successor Warrant Agent shall be vested with all the authority, powers, rights, immunities, duties and obligations of its predecessor Warrant Agent with like effect as if originally named as Warrant Agent
hereunder, without any further act or deed; but, if for any reason it becomes necessary or appropriate, the predecessor Warrant Agent shall execute and deliver, at the expense of the Company, an instrument transferring to such successor Warrant
Agent all the authority, powers, and rights of such predecessor Warrant Agent hereunder; and, upon request of any successor Warrant Agent, the Company shall make, execute, acknowledge, and deliver any and all instruments in writing for more fully
and effectually vesting in and confirming to such successor Warrant Agent all such authority, powers, rights, immunities, duties and obligations. 
 8.2.2 Notice of Successor Warrant Agent. In the event a successor Warrant Agent shall be appointed, the Company shall give notice thereof to the predecessor Warrant Agent and the transfer agent for
the Common Stock not later than the effective date of any such appointment. 
 8.2.3 Merger or Consolidation
of Warrant Agent. Any corporation into which the Warrant Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated or any corporation resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent shall be a party shall be the successor
Warrant Agent under this Warrant Agreement without any further act on the part of the Company or the Warrant Agent. 
  

 8 

 8.3 Fees and Expenses of Warrant Agent. 
 8.3.1 Remuneration. The Company agrees to pay the Warrant Agent reasonable remuneration for its services as Warrant
Agent hereunder as set forth on Exhibit B hereto and will reimburse the Warrant Agent upon demand for all expenditures that the Warrant Agent may reasonably incur in the execution of its duties hereunder. 
 8.3.2 Further Assurances. The Company agrees to perform, execute, acknowledge and deliver, or cause to be performed,
executed, acknowledged and delivered, all such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required by the Warrant Agent for the carrying out or performing of the provisions of this Warrant Agreement. 
 8.4 Liability of Warrant Agent. 
 8.4.1 Reliance on Company Statement. Whenever, in the performance of its duties under this Warrant Agreement, the
Warrant Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter be proved or established by the Company prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein
specifically prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a statement signed by the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or Chairman of the Board of the Company and delivered to the Warrant Agent. The Warrant
Agent may rely upon such statement for any action taken or suffered in good faith by it pursuant to the provisions of this Warrant Agreement. 
 8.4.2 Indemnity. The Warrant Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith. The Company agrees to indemnify the Warrant Agent and hold it harmless
against any and all liabilities, including judgments, costs and reasonable counsel fees, for anything done or omitted by the Warrant Agent in the execution of this Warrant Agreement, except as a result of the Warrant Agent’s negligence, willful
misconduct or bad faith. 
 8.4.3 Exclusions. The Warrant Agent shall have no responsibility with respect
to the validity of this Warrant Agreement or with respect to the validity or execution of any Warrant (except its countersignature thereof); nor shall it be responsible for any breach by the Company of any covenant or condition contained in this
Warrant Agreement or in any Warrant; nor shall it be responsible to make any adjustments required under the provisions of Section 4 hereof or responsible for the manner, method or amount of any such adjustment or the ascertaining of the
existence of facts that would require any such adjustment; nor shall it, by any act hereunder, be deemed to make any representation or warranty as to the authorization or reservation of any shares of Common Stock to be issued pursuant to this
Warrant Agreement or any Warrant or as to whether any shares of Common Stock will when issued be valid and fully paid and nonassessable. 
 8.5 Acceptance of Agency. The Warrant Agent hereby accepts the agency established by this Warrant Agreement and agrees to perform the same upon the terms and conditions herein set forth and, among
other things, shall account promptly to the Company with respect to Warrants exercised and concurrently account for, and pay to the Company, all moneys received by the Warrant Agent for the purchase of shares of the Company’s Common Stock
through the exercise of Warrants. 
 9. Miscellaneous Provisions. 
 9.1 Successors. All the covenants and provisions of this Warrant Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the
Warrant Agent shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns. 
  

 9 

 9.2 Notices. Any notice, statement or demand authorized by this
Warrant Agreement to be given or made by the Warrant Agent or by the Registered Holder of any Warrant to or on the Company shall be delivered by hand or sent by registered or certified mail or overnight courier service, addressed (until another
address is filed in writing by the Company with the Warrant Agent) as follows: 
 Vringo, Inc. 
 18 East 16th Street, 7th Floor 
 New York, New York 10003 
 Tel: (646) 448-8210 
 Attention: Jonathan Medved 
 and 
 Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP 
 150 East 42nd Street 
 New York, NY 10017 
 Tel: (212) 370-1300 
 Fax: (212) 370-7889 
 Attention: Barry I. Grossman, Esq. 
 Any notice, statement or demand authorized by this Warrant
Agreement to be given or made by the Registered Holder of any Warrant or by the Company to or on the Warrant Agent shall be delivered by hand or sent by registered or certified mail or overnight courier service, addressed (until another address is
filed in writing by the Warrant Agent with the Company), as follows: 
 American Stock Transfer & Trust
Company 
 59 Maiden Lane, Plaza Level 
 New York, NY 10038 
 with a copy in each case to (which shall not constitute notice): 
 Maxim Group LLC 
 405 Lexington Avenue 
 New York, NY 10174 
 Tel: (212) 895-3500 
 Fax: (212) 895-3555 
 Attention: Clifford Teller 
 and 
 Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C.

 666 Third Avenue 
 New York, NY 10017 
 Tel: (212) 935-3000 
 Fax: (212) 983-3115 
 Attention: Kenneth R. Koch, Esq. 
 Any notice, sent pursuant to this Warrant Agreement shall be
effective, if delivered by hand, upon receipt thereof by the party to whom it is addressed, if sent by overnight courier, on the next business day of the delivery to the courier, and if sent by registered or certified mail on the third day after
registration or certification thereof 
 9.3 Applicable Law. The validity, interpretation, and performance
of this Warrant Agreement and of the Warrants shall be governed in all respects by the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to conflict of laws. The Company and the Warrant Agent hereby agree that any action, proceeding or claim
against either of them arising out of or relating in any way to this Warrant Agreement shall be brought and enforced in the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and irrevocably
submits to such jurisdiction, which jurisdiction shall be exclusive. The Company and the Warrant Agent hereby waive any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum. Any such process or summons

  

 10 

 
to be served upon the Company or the Warrant Agent may be served by transmitting a copy thereof by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed to it at the
address set forth in Section 9.2 hereof. Such mailing shall be deemed personal service and shall be legal and binding upon the party receiving such service in any action, proceeding or claim. 
 9.4 Persons Having Rights under this Warrant Agreement. Nothing in this Warrant Agreement expressed and nothing that
may be implied from any of the provisions hereof is intended, or shall be construed, to confer upon, or give to, any person or corporation other than the parties hereto and the Registered Holders of the Warrants and, for the purposes of Sections
6.1, 7.4, 9.2 and 9.8 hereof, the Underwriters, any right, remedy, or claim under or by reason of this Warrant Agreement or of any covenant, condition, stipulation, promise, or agreement hereof. Each Underwriter shall be deemed to be a third-party
beneficiary of this Warrant Agreement with respect to Sections 6.1, 7.4, 9.2 and 9.8 hereof. All covenants, conditions, stipulations, promises, and agreements contained in this Warrant Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the
parties hereto (and the Underwriters with respect to the Sections 6.1, 7.4, 9.2 and 9.8 hereof) and their successors and assigns and of the Registered Holders of the Warrants. 
 9.5 Examination of the Warrant Agreement. A copy of this Warrant Agreement shall be available at all reasonable times
at the office of the Warrant Agent in the Borough of Manhattan, City and State of New York, for inspection by the Registered Holder of any Warrant. The Warrant Agent may require any such Registered Holder to submit his, her or its Warrant for
inspection. 
 9.6 Counterparts- Facsimile Signatures. This Warrant Agreement may be executed in any
number of counterparts, and each of such counterparts shall, for all purposes, be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument. Facsimile signatures shall constitute original signatures
for all purposes of this Warrant Agreement. 
 9.7 Effect of Headings. The section headings herein are for
convenience only and are not part of this Warrant Agreement and shall not affect the interpretation thereof 
 9.8 Amendments. This Warrant Agreement and any Warrant certificate may be amended by the parties hereto by executing a supplemental warrant agreement (a “Supplemental Agreement”), without the consent of any of
the Warrant Holders, for the purpose of (i) curing any ambiguity, or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective provision contained herein, or making any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Warrant
Agreement that is not inconsistent with the provisions of this Warrant Agreement or the Warrant certificates, (ii) evidencing the succession of another corporation to the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the
Company contained in this Warrant Agreement and the Warrants, (iii) evidencing and providing for the acceptance of appointment by a successor Warrant Agent with respect to the Warrants, (iv) adding to the covenants of the Company for the
benefit of the Registered Holders or surrendering any right or power conferred upon the Company under this Warrant Agreement, or (viii) amending this Warrant Agreement and the Warrants in any manner that the Company may deem to be necessary or
desirable and that will not adversely affect the interests of the Registered Holders in any material respect. All other modifications or amendments, including any amendment to increase the Warrant Price or shorten the Exercise Period, shall require
the written consent of each of the Underwriter and the Registered Holders of a majority of the then outstanding Warrants. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may lower the Warrant Price or extend the duration of the Exercise Period in
accordance with Sections 3.1 and 3.2, respectively, without such consent. 
 9.9 Severability. This
Warrant Agreement shall be deemed severable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of any term or provision hereof shall not affect the validity or enforceability of this Warrant Agreement or of any other term or provision hereof. Furthermore, in
lieu of any such invalid or unenforceable term or provision, the parties hereto intend that there shall be added as a part of this Warrant Agreement a provision as similar in terms to such invalid or unenforceable provision as may be possible and be
valid and enforceable. 
 [SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS] 
  

 11 

 [SIGNATURE PAGE TO THE WARRANT AGREEMENT] 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Warrant Agreement has been duly executed by the parties hereto as of the day and year first above written.

  

			
	VRINGO, INC.
		
	By:	 	 
		 	Name:
		 	Title:
	
	AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY
		
	By:	 	 
		 	Name:
		 	Title:

  

 12 

 EXHIBIT A 
 Form of Warrant 

 EXHIBIT B 
 Warrant Agent Fees 
  

 2

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