Document:

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                                                                    EXHIBIT 10.2

                                                          DRAFT: August 30, 2001

                                 CERTICOM CORP.

                                       and

                      COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA

                                   AS TRUSTEE

        =================================================================

                                 TRUST INDENTURE

        =================================================================

  $13,500,000 aggregate principal amount of 7.25% Senior Convertible Unsecured

                   Subordinated Debentures Due August 30, 2004

                                 August 30, 2001

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          THIS TRUST INDENTURE is made as of August 30, 2001

B E T W E E N:

                    CERTICOM CORP.,
                    a corporation existing under the laws of the
                    Yukon Territory,
                    (hereinafter referred to as the "Corporation")

                                     - and -

                    COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA, a trust
                    company existing under the laws of Canada and duly
                    authorized to carry on the business of a trust
                    company in each province of Canada

                    (hereinafter referred to as the "Trustee")

          WHEREAS the Corporation is desirous of creating and issuing
Debentures, as defined in, and the issuance of which is provided for by, this
trust indenture;

          AND WHEREAS the Corporation, under the laws relating thereto, is duly
authorized to create and issue the Debentures to be issued as herein provided to
evidence indebtedness of the Corporation existing on the date hereof or incurred
by the Corporation at any time hereafter;

          AND WHEREAS all necessary resolutions of the directors of the
Corporation have been duly passed and other proceedings taken and conditions
complied with to make the creation and issue of the Debentures proposed to be
issued hereunder and this trust indenture and the execution thereof and hereof
legal, valid and effective;

          AND WHEREAS the foregoing recitals are made as representations and
statements of fact by the Corporation and not by the Trustee;

          NOW THEREFORE THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH and it is hereby covenanted,
agreed and declared as follows:

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                                      -2-

                                   ARTICLE 1
                                 INTERPRETATION

1.1       Definitions

          In this Trust Indenture, unless there is something in the subject
matter context inconsistent therewith:

"Affiliate" has the meaning ascribed to such term in the Business Corporations
Act (Ontario);

"Associate" has the meaning ascribed to such term in the Business Corporations
Act (Ontario);

"Authorized Investments" means short-term interest bearing or discount debt
obligations issued or guaranteed by the Government of Canada or a Province or a
Canadian chartered bank (which may include an affiliate or related party of the
Trustee) provided that each such obligation is rated at least R-1 (middle) by
Dominion Bond Rating Service Limited or any equivalent rating by CBRS Inc.;

"Business Day" means any Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday which is
a day on which banking institutions in Toronto, Ontario and Hayward, California
are generally open for business and are not authorized or obligated by law to
close;

"Capital Reorganization" has the meaning attributed to such term in subsection
4.3(e);

"Capital Stock" means, with respect to any Person, any and all shares,
interests, participations or other equivalents (however designed, whether voting
or non-voting) in the equity of such Person, whether now outstanding or issued
after the date of this Indenture;

"Certificate of the Corporation" means an instrument signed in the name of the
Corporation by any one of the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial
Officer or any Vice President of the Corporation certifying the matters
specified therein;

"Change of Control" means the occurrence of (i) a Person, including the Person's
Affiliates and Associates, becoming the beneficial owner of directly or
indirectly, or, exercising control or direction over, Common Shares carrying in
excess of 50.1% of the total voting rights attached to the Common Shares; or
(ii) the Corporation consolidating or amalgamating with, or merging with or
into, another Person or selling, assigning, conveying, transferring, leasing or
otherwise disposing of all or substantially all of its assets to any Person, or
any Person consolidating or amalgamating with, or merging with or into, the
Corporation, in any such event pursuant to a transaction in which any of the
outstanding Common Shares are converted into or exchanged for cash, securities
or other property, other than any such transaction in which the outstanding
Common Shares are converted into or exchanged for, or the assets of the
Corporation are exchanged for, voting securities or securities exchangeable at
the option of the holder into voting securities of the surviving or transferee
Person constituting a majority of such voting securities (giving effect to such
issuance and the exercise of any rights to exchange such securities into voting
securities);

"Change of Control Date" means the date on which a Change of Control occurs;

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"Common Shares" means the common shares in the capital of the Corporation, as
such shares exist at the close of business on the date of execution and delivery
of this Indenture; provided that, in the event of a subdivision, redivision,
reduction, combination or consolidation thereof, or successive such
subdivisions, redivisions, reductions, combinations or consolidations, then,
subject to adjustments, if any, having been made in accordance with section 4.3,
"Common Shares" shall thereafter mean the shares resulting from such
subdivision, redivision, reduction, combination or consolidation;

"Common Share Reorganization" has the meaning attributed to such term in
subsection 4.3 (b);

"Contingent Obligation" shall mean, as to any Person, any obligation, whether
secured or unsecured, of such Person guaranteeing or indemnifying, or in effect
guaranteeing or indemnifying, for any indebtedness, leases, dividends, letters
of credit or other monetary obligations (the "primary obligations") of any other
Person (the "primary obligor") in any manner, whether directly or indirectly,
including any obligation of such Person as an account party in respect of a
letter of credit or letter of guarantee issued to assure payment by the primary
obligor of any such primary obligation and any obligation of such Person,
whether or not contingent, (a) to purchase any such primary obligation or any
property constituting direct or indirect security therefor, (b) to advance or
supply funds for the purchase or payment of any such primary obligation or to
maintain working capital or equity capital of the primary obligor or otherwise
to maintain the net worth or solvency of the primary obligor, (c) to purchase
property, securities or services primarily for the purpose of assuring the
obligee under any such primary obligation of the ability of the primary obligor
to make payment of such primary obligation, or (d) otherwise to assure or hold
harmless the obligee under such primary obligation against loss in respect of
such primary obligation; provided, however, that the term Contingent Obligation
shall not include endorsements of instruments for deposit or collection in the
ordinary course of business;

"Conversion Price" means the dollar amount for which each Common Share may be
issued from time to time upon the conversion of Debentures in accordance with
Article 4;

"Convertible Notes" means the 7.25% convertible notes of the Corporation issued
pursuant to the convertible note trust indenture dated as of August 30, 2001
between the Corporation and Computershare Trust Company of Canada;

"Corporation" means Certicom Corp., until a successor shall have become such
pursuant to Article 9, and thereafter "Corporation" shall mean such successor
(or any successor thereto which shall have become such pursuant to Article 9);

"Counsel" means a barrister or solicitor or firm of barristers and solicitors
retained by the Trustee, who may be counsel to the Corporation, or retained by
the Corporation and acceptable to the Trustee;

"Credit Document" has the meaning attributed to such term in section 5.6;

"Current Market Price" at any date means the weighted average trading price per
share of the Common Shares during the 20 consecutive trading days ending five
trading days before such

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                                      -4-

date on the TSE, or, if the Common Shares are not listed thereon, on such stock
exchange or quotation system on which the shares are listed or quoted as may be
selected for such purpose by the Directors or, if the Common Shares are not
listed on any stock exchange or quoted on any quotation system, then on the
over-the-counter market selected for such purpose by the Directors;

"Date of Conversion" has the meaning attributed to such term in subsection
4.2(b);

"Debentures" means the 7.25% Senior Convertible Unsecured Subordinated
Debentures due August 30, 2004 issued hereunder;

"Debentureholders" or "Holders" means the Persons for the time being entered in
the registers hereinafter mentioned as holders of Debentures;

"Debentureholders' Request" means an instrument signed in one or more
counterparts by the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
outstanding Debentures requesting the Trustee to take or refrain from taking the
action or proceeding specified therein;

"Debt" shall mean, at any time:

     (a)  all items which would then be classified as a liability on a
consolidated balance sheet of the Corporation or in the notes thereto; and

     (b)  to the extent not otherwise included as Debt pursuant to the
provisions of paragraph (a) of this definition, without duplication, any item
which is

          (i)   an obligation of the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries in
                respect of borrowed money or for the deferred purchase price of
                property or services or an obligation of the Corporation which
                is evidenced by a note, bond, debenture or other similar
                instrument,

          (ii)  a transfer with recourse or with an obligation to repurchase, to
                the extent of the liability of the Corporation or any of its
                Subsidiaries with respect thereto,

          (iii) an obligation secured by any Lien on any property of the
                Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries to the extent
                attributable to its respective interest in such property, even
                though it has not assumed or become liable for the payment
                thereof,

          (iv)  an obligation of the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries
                arising in connection with an acceptance facility or letter of
                credit or letter of guarantee issued by or for the account of
                the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries, or

          (v)   a Contingent Obligation of the Corporation or any of its
                Subsidiaries to the extent that the primary obligation so
                guaranteed is not otherwise classified as a liability on the
                consolidated balance sheet of the Corporation,

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                                      -5-

provided, however, that there shall not be included for the purpose of this
definition any item which is on account of (w) issued share capital or surplus,
(x) reserves for deferred income taxes or general contingencies, (y) minority
interests in Subsidiaries, or (z) trade debt;

"Director" means a director of the Corporation for the time being and
"Directors" means the board of directors of the Corporation or, whenever duly
empowered, the executive committee (if any) of the board of directors of the
Corporation or the managing director of the Corporation for the time being, and
reference to action by the Directors means action by the directors as a board or
action by the executive committee of the board as a committee or action by the
managing director as the case may be;

"Dividends Paid in the Ordinary Course" means dividends paid on the Common
Shares in any financial year of the Corporation, whether in (i) cash, (ii)
shares of the Corporation, (iii) rights, options or warrants to purchase any
shares, property or other assets of the Corporation (but excluding rights,
options or warrants referred to in subsection 4.3(b)(i) or (ii)), or (iv)
property or other assets of the Corporation, in each case to the extent that the
amount or value of such dividends in the aggregate does not exceed the greater
of:

     (c)  150% of the aggregate amount or value of dividends paid by the
Corporation on the Common Shares in its immediately preceding financial year; or

     (d)  100% of the consolidated net income of the Corporation (before
extraordinary items but after dividends payable on all shares ranking prior to
or on a parity with the Common Shares with respect to the payment of dividends)
for its immediately preceding financial year, determined in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles;

and for the purpose of the foregoing where any dividend is paid, otherwise than
in cash, any securities, property or other assets so distributed by way of
dividend shall be valued at the fair market value of such securities, property
or other assets, as the case may be, as determined by the Directors, which
determination shall be conclusive;

"dollars" or "$" shall mean references to Canadian dollars;

"Event of Default" has the meaning attributed to such term in section 7.1;

"Extraordinary Resolution" has the meaning attributed to such terms in sections
10.12 and 10.15;

"Foregone Interest" means, in respect of a Debenture, an amount per Debenture
equal to the interest payable on the Debenture that would have accrued to the
Holder of such Debenture without giving effect to the provisions of subsection
2.6(b) from and including the Change of Control Date to but not including August
30, 2003; "generally accepted accounting principles" means generally accepted
accounting principles in effect from time to time in Canada as applied by the
Corporation in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements;

"Indenture Legislation" has the meaning attributed to such term in such
subsection 12.1(a);

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                                      -6-

"Lien" means any lien, encumbrance, mortgage, pledge, charge, security interest
or other encumbrance;

"Maturity Date" means August 30, 2004; "NASDAQ" means the Nasdaq National
Market;

"Offer to Purchase" means an offer to purchase Debentures by the Corporation
from the Holders in accordance with section 3.16 hereof;

"Offer to Purchase Price" has the meaning attributed to such term in section
3.16;

"Payment Date" has the meaning attributed to such term in subsection 3.16(c);

"Permitted Secured Debt" means, with respect to the Corporation or any of its
Subsidiaries:

          (i)   indebtedness (other than trade debt) created, incurred, assumed
                or guaranteed, for moneys borrowed or raised by whatever means
                (including, without limitation, by means of commercial paper,
                bankers' acceptances, debt instruments, bank debt and financial
                leases, and any liability evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes
                or similar instruments);

          (ii)  indebtedness created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed after the
                date of this Indenture to finance the cost of the acquisition by
                the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries of any assets or
                services;

          (iii) any guarantee of any indebtedness of a type described in clause
                (i) or (ii); and

          (iv)  renewals, extensions or refunds of any indebtedness or guarantee
                referred to in clauses (i), (ii) or (iii);

provided that, in each case, such indebtedness or guarantee is secured by a Lien
and such Lien has been created or granted for bona fide purposes of the
Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries and not for the purpose of avoiding the
Corporation's obligations under section 6.9;

"Person" means any individual, partnership, limited partnership, joint venture,
syndicate, sole proprietorship, company or corporation with or without share
capital, unincorporated association, trust, trustee, executor, administrator or
other legal personal representative, government or governmental authority or
entity, however designated or constituted;

"Redemption Price" has the meaning attributed to such term in section 3.1;

"Restricted Debenture" has the meaning attributed to such term in section 2.12;

"Rights Offering" and "Rights Period" have the meanings attributed to such terms
in subsection 4.3(c);

"Rights Offering Price" has the meaning attributed to such term in subsection
4.3(f);

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                                      -7-

"Special Distribution" has the meaning attributed to such term in subsection
4.3(d);

"Subsidiary" means, with respect to any Person, (i) a corporation of which such
Person and its other Subsidiaries or any of them own an aggregate number of the
Voting Stock of such corporation sufficient to enable them to elect a majority
of the directors (or other Persons performing similar functions) of such
corporation regardless of the manner in which the other Voting Stock are voted,
(ii) a corporation of which a Person and its other Subsidiaries or any of them
have, through the operation of any agreement or otherwise, the ability to elect
or cause the election of a majority of the directors (or other Persons
performing similar functions) or otherwise who exercise control over the
management and policies of such corporation; provided however, that in the case
of the Corporation and its Subsidiaries, the definition of "Subsidiary" shall
include corporations in which the Corporation and/or its Subsidiaries own,
directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the Voting Stock of such corporation.

"Successor Person" has the meaning attributed to such term in subsection 9.1(a);

"this Indenture", "this Trust Indenture", "hereto", "hereby", "hereunder",
"hereof", "herein" and similar expressions refer to this indenture and not to
any particular Article, section, subsection, paragraph, clause or other portion
hereof, and include any and every supplemental indenture; and "supplemental
indenture" and "indenture supplemental hereto" include any and every instrument
which amends this indenture or is supplemental or ancillary hereto or in
implementation hereof;

"Time of Expiry" has the meaning attributed to such term in section 4.1(a);

"trade debt" means all unsecured debt of the Corporation incurred in connection
with the purchase of goods or services in the ordinary course of business;

"Trading Day" means a day on which the facilities of the TSE are available for
trading of securities listed on the TSE;

"Trustee" means Computershare Trust Company of Canada and its successors for the
time being in the trusts hereby created;

"TSE" means The Toronto Stock Exchange;

"U.S. Person" means a U.S. Person as that term is defined in Regulation S of the
U.S. Securities Act;

"U.S. Securities Act" means the United States Securities Act of 1933, as
amended;

"Voting Stock" means, with respect to any Person, Capital Stock of any class or
kind ordinarily having the power to vote for the election of voting members of
the governing body of such Person; and

"Written Order of the Corporation", "Written Request of the Corporation" and
"Written Direction of the Corporation" mean, respectively, an order, a request
or a direction signed in

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                                      -8-

the name of the Corporation by the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial
Officer or any Vice President of the Corporation, and may consist of one or more
instruments so executed.

Words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa and words
importing the masculine gender include the feminine gender and vice versa.

1.2       Meaning of "outstanding" for Certain Purposes
          ---------------------------------------------

Every Debenture certified and delivered by the Trustee hereunder shall be deemed
to be outstanding until it shall be cancelled or delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation, or a new Debenture shall be issued in substitution therefor in
accordance with the provisions hereof, or moneys for the payment thereof shall
be set aside under Article 8, provided that:

     (a)  where a new Debenture has been issued in substitution for a Debenture
which has been lost, stolen or destroyed, only one of such Debentures shall be
counted for the purpose of determining the aggregate principal amount of
Debentures outstanding;

     (b)  Debentures which have been partially redeemed or purchased shall be
deemed to be outstanding only to the extent of the unredeemed or unpurchased
part of the principal amount thereof;

     (c)  Debentures in respect of which a notice of redemption has been given
in accordance with Article 3, in whole or in part, shall to such extent, not be
considered to be outstanding from and after the date fixed for redemption in
such notice unless the Corporation shall fail to deposit with the Trustee the
Redemption Price in respect thereof as provided in section 3.6; and

     (d)  for the purpose of any provision of this Indenture entitling Holders
of outstanding Debentures to vote, sign consents, requests or other instruments
or take other action under this Indenture, Debentures owned legally or equitably
by the Corporation or any Subsidiary shall be disregarded, except that:

          (i)  for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be
               protected in relying on any such vote, consent, request or other
               instrument or action, only the Debentures of which the Trustee
               has received actual written notice that they are so owned shall
               be so disregarded; and

          (ii) Debentures so owned which have been pledged in good faith other
               than to the Corporation or a Subsidiary shall not be so
               disregarded if the pledgee shall establish, to the satisfaction
               of the Trustee, the pledgee's right to vote such Debentures in
               his discretion free from the control of the Corporation or such
               Subsidiary.

1.3       Interpretation Not Affected by Headings, etc.
          --------------------------------------------

          The division of this Indenture into Articles, sections, subsections
and paragraphs, the provision of a table of contents and the insertion of
headings are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the
construction or interpretation of this Indenture.

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                                      -9-

1.4       Statute References
          ------------------

          Any reference in this Indenture to a statute shall be deemed to be a
reference to such statute as amended, re-enacted or replaced from time to time.

1.5       Non-Business Days
          -----------------

          Whenever any payment to be made hereunder shall be due, any period of
time would begin or end, any calculation is to be made or any other action is to
be taken, on or as of a day other than a Business Day, such payment shall be
made, such period of time shall begin or end, such calculation shall be made and
such other actions shall be taken, as the case may be, unless otherwise
specifically provided for herein, on or as of the next succeeding Business Day.

1.6       Invalidity of Provisions
          ------------------------

          Each of the provisions contained in this Indenture or the Debentures
is distinct and severable and a declaration of invalidity or unenforceability of
any such provision by a court of competent jurisdiction shall not affect the
validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof or thereof.

1.7       Governing Law
          -------------

          This Indenture and the Debentures shall be governed by and construed
in accordance with the laws of the Province of Ontario and the laws of Canada
applicable therein and shall be treated in all respects as Ontario contracts.

1.8       Paramountcy
          -----------

          In the event of any inconsistency between the provisions of any
section of this Indenture and the provisions of Schedule "A" which forms a part
hereof, the provisions of this Indenture shall prevail.

                                   ARTICLE 2
                                 THE DEBENTURES

2.1       Limitation on Issue and Designation
          -----------------------------------

          The aggregate principal amount of Debentures which may be issued and
certified hereunder shall consist of and be limited to $13,500,000 in lawful
money of Canada and such Debentures are hereby designated 7.25% Senior
Convertible Unsecured Subordinated Debentures due August 30, 2004.

2.2       Terms of Debentures
          -------------------

     (a)  The Debentures shall be dated August 30, 2001, regardless of their
actual date of issue, shall mature and become due and payable on the Maturity
Date and shall bear interest (subject to section 2.6) from and including August
30, 2001 at the rate of 7.25% per annum (after

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                                      -10-

as well as before default or judgment, with interest on amounts in default at
the same rate) payable in arrears in equal semi-annual instalments on February
28 and August 30 in each year, the first such payment to be made on February 28,
2002 for the period from and including August 30, 2001 to but excluding February
28, 2002.

     (b) As interest becomes due on the Debentures (except interest payable at
maturity or on redemption or purchase pursuant to an Offer to Purchase or
conversion which shall be paid upon surrender of a Debenture for payment), the
Corporation shall, at least three Business Days prior to each date on which
interest becomes due, forward or cause to be forwarded by first class mail,
postage prepaid, to the registered address of each registered Holder for the
time being, or in the case of joint registered Holders to the registered address
of one of the joint Holders, a cheque for such interest (less any tax required
by law to be deducted) payable to or to the order of such Holder or Holders and
negotiable at par at any branch in Canada of such Canadian chartered bank as may
be designated by the Corporation. The Corporation may make provision for the
making of any such payment in such other manner as is acceptable to the Trustee.
Subject to the provisions of this Indenture, the mailing of such cheque or the
making of such payment in such other manner shall satisfy and discharge all
liability for interest on the Debentures to the extent of the sum represented
thereby (plus the amount of any tax so deducted from such interest payment)
unless such cheque shall not be paid upon presentation to any such branch.

     (c) Interest for any period other than a semi-annual period on the
Debentures shall accrue from day to day and shall be calculated on the basis of
the actual number of days elapsed and on the basis of a year of 365 days or 366
days in a leap year.

     (d) Subject to sections 3.9 and 3.18, the principal amount, interest and
Foregone Interest, if any, due and evidenced by the Debentures on maturity,
redemption, purchase pursuant to an Offer to Purchase or conversion, as the case
may be, will be made payable in lawful money of Canada, against surrender of
such Debentures by the respective Holders thereof at any of the places at which
a register is maintained pursuant to section 2.8.

2.3      Form and Execution of Debentures
         --------------------------------

     (a) The Debentures shall be issued only as fully registered Debentures in
denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000.

     (b) The Debentures and the certificate of the Trustee endorsed thereon
shall be substantially in the form set out in Schedule "A" to this Indenture
with such appropriate additions, deletions, substitutions and variations as the
Trustee may approve and shall bear such distinguishing letters and numbers as
the Trustee may approve, such approval of the Trustee to be conclusively
evidenced by its certification of the Debentures.

     (c) The Debentures may be engraved, printed or lithographed, or partly in
one form and partly in another, as the Corporation may determine.

     (d) The Debentures shall be signed (either manually or by facsimile
signature) by any two (2) directors or officers of the Corporation. A signature
upon any of the Debentures shall for all purposes of this Indenture be deemed to
be the signature of the individual whose signature it purports to be and to have
been signed at the time such signature (either manual or in facsimile)

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                                      -11-

may appear on the Debentures and notwithstanding that any individual whose
signature (either manual or in facsimile) may appear on the Debenture is not, at
the date of this Indenture or at the date of the Debentures or at the date of
the certifying and delivery thereof, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief
Financial Officer, a Vice-President or the Secretary, as the case may be, of the
Corporation, such Debentures shall be valid and binding upon the Corporation and
entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

2.4      Issue of Debentures
         -------------------

     (a) Debentures in the aggregate principal amount of $13,500,000 in lawful
money of Canada may forthwith and from time to time be executed by the
Corporation and delivered to the Trustee and shall be certified by the Trustee
and delivered to or to the order of the Corporation pursuant to a Written Order
of the Corporation, without the Trustee receiving any consideration therefor.

     (b) Where Debentures are registered in more than one name, the principal
amount, interest and Foregone Interest, if any, from time to time payable in
respect thereof shall be paid by cheque payable to the order of all such Holders
(unless the Corporation has elected to satisfy such amounts in any other manner
permitted under this Indenture), unless the Corporation has received written
instructions from them to the contrary, and the receipt of any one of such
Holders therefor shall be a complete discharge to the Trustee, any registrar of
Debentures and the Corporation.

2.5      Certification
         -------------

     (a) No Debenture shall be issued or, if issued, shall be obligatory or
shall entitle the Holder thereof to the benefits of this Indenture until it has
been certified by manual signature by or on behalf of the Trustee substantially
in the form set out in Schedule "A" hereto or in some other form approved by the
Trustee, whose approval shall be conclusively evidenced by the certification
thereof. Such certificate on any Debenture shall be conclusive evidence that
such Debenture is duly issued and is a valid obligation of the Corporation and
that the Holder is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

     (b) The certificate of the Trustee on any Debenture issued hereunder shall
not be construed as a representation or warranty by the Trustee as to the
validity of this Indenture or of the Debentures (except the due certification
thereof and any other warranties implied by law) or as to the performance by the
Corporation of its obligations under this Indenture and the Trustee shall in no
respect be liable or answerable for the use made of the Debentures or any of
them or the proceeds thereof

<PAGE>

                                      -12-

2.6      Concerning Interest
         -------------------

     (a) Every Debenture, whether issued originally or in exchange for other
Debentures, shall bear interest from and including August 30, 2001 or from and
including the last interest payment date to which interest shall have been paid
or made available for payment on the Debentures, whichever shall be later.

     (b) Interest on each Debenture shall cease to accrue from the earliest of
(i) the Maturity Date; or (ii) if such Debenture is called for redemption, the
date fixed for redemption; or (iii) if such Debenture is converted, the date
stipulated in subsection 4.2(d); or (iv) if a Change of Control occurs prior to
August 30, 2003, the Change of Control Date; or (v) if a Change of Control
occurs on or after August 30, 2003, the date of purchase pursuant to an Offer to
Purchase, unless, upon due presentation and surrender thereof for payment on or
after the Maturity Date, the date of redemption or the date of conversion or the
date of purchase pursuant to an Offer to Purchase, as the case may be, such
payment is improperly withheld or refused by or on behalf of the Corporation.

     (c) Wherever in this Indenture or the Debentures there is mention, in any
context, of the payment of interest, such mention shall be deemed to include the
payment of interest on amounts in default to the extent that, in such context,
such interest is, was or would be payable pursuant to section 2.2, and express
mention of interest on amounts in default in any of the provisions hereof shall
not be construed as excluding such interest in those provisions hereof where
such express mention is not made.

     (d) All interest accrued and not paid on a Convertible Note exercised into
a Debenture shall be paid in the manner specified herein as if such interest had
accrued and was payable on such Debenture on the first interest payment date
following the exercise of such Convertible Note to the person entitled to
interest on such Debenture on such date.

2.7      Debentures to Rank Equally
         --------------------------

         The Debentures may be issued in such amounts, to such Persons and on
such terms not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture as the
Directors may determine. Each Debenture as soon as issued or negotiated shall,
subject to the terms hereof, be equally and rateably entitled to the benefits
hereof as if all the Debentures had been issued and negotiated simultaneously.

2.8      Registration of Debentures
         --------------------------

     (a) The Corporation shall, at all times while any Debentures are
outstanding, cause to be kept by and at the principal office of the Trustee in
the City of Toronto, Ontario a central register, and in such other place or
places, by the Trustee or by such other registrar or registrars, if any, as the
Corporation with the approval of the Trustee may designate, branch registers in
which shall be entered the names and latest known addresses of the Holders of
Debentures and the other particulars, as prescribed by law, of the Debentures
held by them respectively and of all transfers of Debentures. Such registration
shall be noted on the Debentures by the Trustee or other registrar. No transfer
of a Debenture shall be effective as against the Corporation unless made on one
of the appropriate registers by the Debentureholder or his executors or

<PAGE>

                                      -13-

administrators or other legal representatives or his or their attorney duly
appointed by an instrument in form and execution satisfactory to the Trustee or
other registrar and upon compliance with such reasonable requirements as the
Trustee or other registrar may prescribe, and unless the name of the transferee
shall have been duly noted on such register by the Trustee or other registrar.

     (b) The registers referred to in this section shall at all reasonable
times, during the regular business hours of the offices of the Trustee or other
registrar, as applicable, be open for inspection by the Corporation, the Trustee
and any Debentureholder.

     (c) A Debentureholder may at any time and from time to time have a
Debenture transferred at any of the places at which a register is kept pursuant
to the provisions of this section 2.8 upon surrender of such Debenture to the
Trustee at its principal stock transfer office in the City of Toronto, together
with the assignment form annexed to such Debenture or any other written notice
in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee, in either case duly executed
by the Holder or the Holder's executors or administrators or other legal
representatives or his or her attorney duly appointed by an instrument in
writing and in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee, exercising the
Holder's right to transfer such Debenture in accordance with the provisions of
this Article 2, and in accordance with such reasonable regulations as the
Trustee may prescribe. A Debentureholder may at any time and from time to time
have the registration of a Debenture transferred from the register in which the
registration thereof appears to another register maintained in another place
authorized for that purpose under the provisions of this Indenture upon payment
of a reasonable fee to be fixed by the Trustee.

     (d) Neither the Corporation nor the Trustee nor any registrar shall be
required to transfer or exchange any Debentures (i) on any date on which
interest is payable on the Debentures or during the 15 Business Days immediately
preceding any such date; or (ii) on the date of redemption fixed in accordance
with the terms of this Indenture or during the 15 Business Days immediately
preceding any such date; or (iii) on any Payment Date or during the 5 Business
Days immediately preceding the Payment Date; or (iv) selected or called for
redemption in whole or in part thereof.

     (e) None of the Trustee, any registrar for any of the Debentures or the
Corporation shall be charged with notice of or be bound to see the execution of
any trust, whether express, implied or constructive, in respect of any Debenture
and may transfer any Debenture on the direction of the Holder thereof, whether
named as trustee or otherwise, as though that Person were the beneficial owner
thereof.

     (f) Except in the case of the central register required to be kept at the
City of Toronto, the Corporation shall have power at any time to close any
branch register and in that event it shall transfer the records thereof to
another existing register or to a new register and thereafter such Debentures
shall be deemed to be registered on such existing or new register, as the case
may be. In the event that the register in any place is closed and the records
transferred to a register in another place, notice of such change shall be given
to the Debentureholders registered in the register so closed and the particulars
of such change shall be recorded in the central register required to be kept in
the City of Toronto.

<PAGE>

                                      -14-

     (g) Every registrar shall, when requested to do so in writing by the
Corporation or the Trustee, furnish the Corporation or the Trustee, as the case
may be, with a list of the names and addresses of the Holders of Debentures
entered on the registers maintained by such registrar and showing the principal
amounts and serial numbers of the Debentures held by each such Holder.

2.9      Ownership of Debentures
         -----------------------

     (a) The person in whose name any Debenture shall be registered shall be
deemed to be the absolute owner thereof for all purposes of this Indenture and
payment of or on account of the principal amount, interest and Foregone
Interest, if any, evidenced by such Debenture shall be made only to or upon the
order in writing of the Holder thereof and such payment shall be a complete
discharge to the Trustee, any registrar of Debentures and the Corporation for
the amounts so paid.

     (b) The Holder for the time being of any Debenture shall be entitled to the
principal amount, interest and Foregone Interest, if any, evidenced by such
Debenture, free from all equities or rights of set-off or counterclaim between
the Corporation and the original or any intermediate Holder thereof (except any
equities of which the Corporation is required to take notice by law or by order
of a court of competent jurisdiction) and all Persons may act accordingly and a
transferee of a Debenture shall, after the appropriate form of transfer is
lodged with the Trustee or other registrar of Debentures and upon compliance
with all other conditions in that behalf required by this Indenture or by any
conditions contained in such Debenture or by law, be entitled to be entered on
the appropriate register or on any one of the appropriate registers as the owner
of such Debenture free from all equities or rights of set-off or counterclaim
between the Corporation and the transferor or any previous Holder thereof, save
in respect of equities of which the Corporation is required to take notice by
law or by order of a court of competent jurisdiction.

2.10     Exchange of Debentures
         ----------------------

     (a) Subject to Section 2.8(d), Debentures of any denomination may be
exchanged for Debentures of any other authorized denomination or denominations,
any such exchange to be for Debentures of an equivalent aggregate principal
amount, and at the expense of the Debentureholder. Exchanges of Debentures may
be made at the principal offices of the Trustee in the City of Toronto and at
such other locations where registers for the Debentures are maintained. Any
Debentures tendered for exchange shall be surrendered to the Trustee and shall
be cancelled. The Corporation shall execute, and the Trustee shall certify, all
Debentures necessary to carry out such exchanges.

     (b) Debentures issued in exchange for Debentures which at the time of such
issue have been selected or called for redemption at a later date shall be
deemed to have been selected or called for redemption in the same manner and
shall have noted thereon a statement to such effect (which statement shall be
provided by counsel to the Corporation upon the request of the Trustee).

     (c) Except as otherwise provided herein, upon any exchange of Debentures of
any denomination for Debentures of any other authorized denominations and upon
any transfer of

<PAGE>

                                      -15-

Debentures, the Trustee or other registrar of Debentures may make a sufficient
charge to reimburse it for any stamp tax, security transfer tax or other
governmental charge required to be paid, and in addition a reasonable charge for
its services for each Debenture exchanged or transferred, and payment of such
charge shall be made by the party requesting such exchange or transfer as a
condition precedent thereto.

2.11     Replacement of Debentures
         -------------------------

         If any Debenture shall become mutilated or be lost, stolen or destroyed
and in the absence of notice that such Debenture has been acquired by a good
faith purchaser within the meaning of the Business Corporations Act (Ontario),
the Corporation shall, subject to the applicant for a new Debenture complying
with the provisions of this section 2.12, issue, and thereupon the Trustee shall
certify and deliver to such applicant, a new Debenture upon surrender and
cancellation of the mutilated Debenture, or, in the case of a lost, stolen or
destroyed Debenture, in lieu of and in substitution for the same, and the new
Debenture shall be in a form approved by the Trustee and shall be entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture equally with all other Debentures issued or to be
issued hereunder. In cases of loss, theft or destruction, the applicant for a
new Debenture shall furnish to the Corporation and to the Trustee such evidence
of such loss, theft or destruction as shall be satisfactory to them in their
discretion and shall also furnish an indemnity in amount and form satisfactory
to them in their discretion. The applicant shall pay all expenses incidental to
the issuance of any such new Debenture.

2.12     U.S. Legend
         -----------

     (a) The Debentures have not been and will not be registered under the U.S.
Securities Act and may not be sold or otherwise transferred except pursuant to
sales or other transfers that satisfy the requirements of Rule 904 of Regulation
S under the U.S. Securities Act. Each Debenture certificate originally issued in
the United States or to, or for the account of, a U.S. Person, and each
Debenture certificate issued in exchange therefor or in substitution thereof
(each a "Restricted Debenture") shall bear the following legend:

         "THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE
         UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "U.S. SECURITIES
         ACT") OR UNDER ANY STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE HOLDER HEREOF, BY
         PURCHASING SUCH SECURITIES, AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF CERTICOM CORP.
         THAT SUCH SECURITIES MAY BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED ONLY
         (A) TO CERTICOM CORP., (B) OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES IN ACCORDANCE WITH
         RULE 904 OF REGULATION S UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT, (C) PURSUANT TO
         THE EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT PROVIDED
         BY RULE 144 THEREUNDER, IF AVAILABLE, OR (D) IN COMPLIANCE WITH CERTAIN
         OTHER PROCEDURES SATISFACTORY TO CERTICOM CORP. DELIVERY OF THIS
         CERTIFICATE MAY NOT CONSTITUTE "GOOD DELIVERY" IN SETTLEMENT OF
         TRANSACTIONS ON STOCK EXCHANGES IN CANADA. A NEW CERTIFICATE, BEARING
         NO LEGEND, DELIVERY OF WHICH WILL CONSTITUTE "GOOD DELIVERY" MAY BE
         OBTAINED FROM COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA UPON

<PAGE>

                                      -16-

     DELIVERY OF THIS CERTIFICATE AND A DULY EXECUTED DECLARATION, IN A FORM
     SATISFACTORY TO COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA AND THE CORPORATION
     TO THE EFFECT THAT THE SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY IS BEING
     MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 904 OF REGULATION S UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES
     ACT;"

provided, that if the Securities are being sold in compliance with the
requirements of Rule 904 of Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act and in
compliance with Canadian local laws and regulations, the legend may be removed
by providing a declaration to Computershare Trust Company of Canada, as
registrar and transfer agent for the Securities, to the following effect (or as
the Corporation may prescribe from time to time):

     The undersigned (A) acknowledges that the sale of the Securities to which
     this declaration relates is being made in reliance on Rule 904 of
     Regulation S under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended
     (the "U.S. Securities Act"), and (B) certifies that (1) it is not an
     "affiliate" (as defined in Rule 405 under the U.S. Securities Act) of
     Certicom Corp., (2) the offer of such Securities was not made to a person
     in the United States and either (a) at the time the buy order was
     originated, the buyer was outside the United States, or the seller and any
     person acting on its behalf reasonably believed that the buyer was outside
     the United States or (b) the transaction was executed on or through the
     facilities of The Toronto Stock Exchange and neither the seller nor any
     person acting on its behalf knows that the transaction has been prearranged
     with a buyer in the United States and (3) neither the seller nor any person
     acting on its behalf engaged in any directed selling efforts in connection
     with the offer and sale of such Securities. Terms used herein have the
     meanings given to them by Regulation S;

provided, further, that, if any such Securities are being sold pursuant to Rule
144 of the U.S. Securities Act, the legend may be removed by delivery to
Computershare Trust Company of Canada of an opinion of counsel, of recognized
standing reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation, to the effect that such
legend is no longer required under applicable requirements of the U.S.
Securities Act or state securities laws.

     (b) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, in processing
and registering transfers of Debentures, no duty or responsibility whatsoever
shall rest upon the Trustee to determine the compliance by any transferor or
transferee with the terms of the legend contained in subsection 2.12(a), or with
the relevant securities laws or regulations, including, without limitation,
Regulation S and the Trustee shall be entitled to assume that all transfers are
legal and proper.

                                   ARTICLE 3
             REDEMPTION AND PURCHASE FOR CANCELLATION OF DEBENTURES

3.1      Redemption of Debentures
         ------------------------

         Subject to the provisions of section 3.2, the Debentures shall be
redeemable prior to maturity in whole at any time or in part from time to time,
at the option of the Corporation (in the manner hereinafter provided and in
accordance with and subject to the provisions hereinafter

<PAGE>

                                      -17-

set forth) on the date fixed for redemption at a price per Debenture equal to
the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, together with accrued and unpaid
interest on the principal amount of the Debenture so redeemed to but not
including the date fixed for redemption (such price, including accrued and
unpaid interest, at which Debentures may be redeemed being herein referred to as
the "Redemption Price").

3.2      Limitation on Redemption
         ------------------------

         Notwithstanding the provisions of section 3.1, the Debentures shall not
be redeemable prior to August 30, 2003. On and after August 30, 2003, the
Debentures shall not be redeemable unless the Corporation shall have filed with
the Trustee, on the day that notice of redemption of such Debentures is first
given pursuant to section 3.4, a Certificate of the Corporation certifying that
the Current Market Price of the Common Shares on the date on which such notice
of redemption is first given was not less than 125% of the Conversion Price in
effect on such date.

3.3      Partial Redemption of Debentures
         --------------------------------

     (a) If less than all the outstanding Debentures are to be redeemed, the
Corporation shall in each such case, at least 15 days before the date upon which
notice of redemption is to be given, notify the Trustee by Written Direction of
the Corporation of its intention to redeem such Debentures and of the aggregate
principal amount of Debentures to be redeemed. At any time prior to the date
upon which the notice of redemption is to be given, the Corporation may revoke
such Written Direction of the Corporation by delivering a second Written
Direction of the Corporation to the Trustee stating that the Corporation no
longer intends to make a partial redemption of the Debentures.

     (b) The Debentures to be redeemed may be selected on a pro rata basis (to
the nearest multiple of $1,000) in accordance with the principal amount of
Debentures registered in the name of each Holder or may be selected in such
other manner as the Trustee may consider equitable, subject to approval or
consent of the TSE and any other applicable regulatory approval or consent. For
this purpose, the Trustee may make, and from time to time amend, regulations
with regard to the manner in which such Debentures may be so selected and
regulations so made shall be valid and binding upon the Debentureholders,
notwithstanding the fact that, as a result thereof, one or more of such
Debentures becomes subject to redemption in part only.

     (c) Debentures in denominations in excess of $1,000 may be selected and
called for redemption in part only (such part being $1,000 or an integral
multiple thereof) and, unless the context otherwise requires, references to
Debentures in this Article 3 shall be deemed to include any such part of the
principal amount of Debentures which shall have been so selected and called for
redemption. The Holder of any Debenture called for redemption in part only, upon
surrender of such Debenture for payment shall be entitled to receive, without
expense to such Holder, a new Debenture for the unredeemed part of the Debenture
so surrendered, and the Corporation shall execute and the Trustee shall certify
and deliver, at the expense of the Corporation, such new Debenture upon receipt
of the Debenture so surrendered.

<PAGE>

                                      -18-

3.4      Notice of Redemption
         --------------------

         Notice of intention to redeem any Debentures shall be given by or on
behalf of the Corporation to the Holders of the Debentures which are to be
redeemed, not more than 60 days and not less than 30 days prior to the date
fixed for redemption in the manner provided in section 11.2. The notice of
redemption shall, unless all the Debentures then outstanding are to be redeemed,
specify the distinguishing letters and number of the Debentures which are to be
redeemed and, if a Debenture is to be redeemed in part only, shall specify that
part of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and shall specify the
redemption date, the Redemption Price and places of payment and shall state that
all interest on the Debentures called for redemption shall cease from and after
such redemption date.

3.5      Debentures Due on Redemption Dates
         ----------------------------------

     (a) Subject to section 3.6, upon notice having been given as aforesaid,
each of the Debentures so called for redemption shall thereupon become due and
payable at the Redemption Price and on the redemption date specified in such
notice, in the same manner and with the same effect as if it were the Maturity
Date, notwithstanding anything contained therein or herein to the contrary, and
from and after such redemption date, if the moneys or Common Shares necessary to
redeem such Debentures shall have been deposited as hereinafter provided and
affidavits or other proof satisfactory to the Trustee as to the mailing of such
notices shall have been delivered to it, such Debentures shall not be considered
as outstanding hereunder and interest upon such Debentures shall cease to accrue
after such date.

     (b) If any question shall arise as to whether notice of redemption or
deposit of the redemption moneys or Common Shares has been given or made as
provided herein, such question shall be decided by the Trustee whose decision
shall be final and binding upon all parties in interest.

3.6      Deposit of Redemption Moneys
         ----------------------------

     (a) Subject to section 3.9, upon Debentures having been called for
redemption, the Corporation shall deposit with the Trustee, on or before the
redemption date fixed in the relevant notice of redemption, such sums as may be
sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of each of the Debentures to be redeemed,
together with the estimated charges and expenses to be incurred in connection
with such redemption. From the sums so deposited, the Trustee shall pay or cause
to be paid to the Holders of the Debentures called for redemption, upon
surrender of such Debentures, the Redemption Price to which they are
respectively entitled on redemption.

     (b) Any moneys deposited under this section 3.6 and not claimed by and paid
to Holders of Debentures within six years after the date of such setting aside
shall, subject to applicable law, be repaid to the Corporation by the Trustee on
demand, and thereupon the Trustee shall be released from all further liability
with respect to such moneys and thereafter the Holders of the Debentures in
respect of which such moneys were so repaid to the Corporation shall have no
rights in respect thereof except to obtain payment of such moneys without
interest thereon from the Corporation.

<PAGE>

                                      -19-

3.7      Failure to Surrender Debentures Called for Redemption
         -----------------------------------------------------

         If the Holder of any Debentures called for redemption shall, within 30
days from the date fixed for redemption, fail to surrender any of such
Debentures or shall not within such time accept payment of the Redemption Price
payable in respect thereof, including certificates representing Common Shares
issuable to such Holder, as the case may be, or give such receipt therefor, if
any, as the Trustee may require, such Redemption Price shall be set aside in
trust for such Holder, in accordance with section 12.10; and such setting aside
shall for all purposes be deemed a payment to the Debentureholder of the sum so
set aside, and to that extent such Debentures shall on and after the redemption
date thereafter not be considered as outstanding hereunder and the
Debentureholder shall have no right except to receive payment out of the moneys
so paid and deposited, upon surrender of his Debentures, of the Redemption Price
of such Debentures without interest thereon.

3.8      Surrender of Debentures for Cancellation
         ----------------------------------------

         If the principal moneys due upon any Debenture shall become payable by
redemption or purchase pursuant to an Offer to Purchase or otherwise before the
Maturity Date, the Person presenting such Debentures for payment must surrender
the same for cancellation, the Corporation nevertheless, subject to section 2.7,
paying or causing to be paid the interest accrued and unpaid thereon (computed
on a per diem basis if the date fixed for payment is not a date when interest is
payable on the Debentures).

3.9      Payment in Common Shares on Redemption of Debentures
         ----------------------------------------------------

         Subject to section 3.10 and applicable law and regulatory approval, and
notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the Corporation may, at
its option, in the case of redemption on notice given contemporaneously with the
notice of redemption pursuant to section 3.4 to the Trustee and the Holders of
the Debentures and in accordance with subsection 3.12 and Article 11, elect to
satisfy and discharge its obligation hereunder and under the Debentures to pay
all or any part of the aggregate principal amount payable to the Holders of
Debentures on redemption by the issue and delivery to such holders of that
number of freely tradeable, fully paid and non-assessable Common Shares obtained
by dividing such aggregate principal amount by 95% of the Current Market Price
of the Common Shares as at the redemption date. The Corporation may not exercise
the right conferred by this section 3.9 if an Event of Default hereunder has
occurred and is continuing at the date of the notice referred to in this section
3.9.

3.10     Issue of Common Shares on Redemption of Debentures
         --------------------------------------------------

     (a) If the Corporation elects under section 3.9 to satisfy its obligation
to pay all or any part of the principal amount of Debentures on the redemption
date by the issue of Common Shares and if otherwise permitted to do so by law,
the Corporation will issue that number of Common Shares determined under section
3.9, and will deliver to the Trustee the following:

         (i)   a Certificate of the Corporation certifying that no Event of
               Default hereunder has occurred and is continuing as at the date
               of the notice referred to in section 3.9; and

<PAGE>

                                      -20-

          (ii) an opinion of Counsel that (i) all requirements imposed by this
               Indenture or by the laws of Canada and any applicable province
               thereof (based on the addresses of Holders set forth in the
               general register kept by the Corporation pursuant to section 2.8
               as at the redemption date) in connection with the proposed issue
               of Common Shares have been complied with including that no
               prospectus or similar document is required to be filed or
               authorizations of regulatory authorities required to be obtained
               under applicable, legislation of any province of Canada (other
               than as may have been filed or obtained) before such Common
               Shares may properly and legally be issued and, once issued,
               traded without being subject to any general restriction as to the
               resale thereof provided such Common Shares are traded through
               persons registered, if required, under applicable laws, (ii) on
               the redemption date the Common Shares will have been validly
               issued and upon such issue in satisfaction of the Corporation's
               obligation to pay the principal amount upon redemption will be
               outstanding as fully paid and non-assessable shares and (iii) if
               the Common Shares are then quoted on NASDAQ and/or listed on the
               TSE, application to quote the Common Shares so issued has been
               made to NASDAQ and the Common Shares so issued have been
               conditionally approved for listing on the TSE (or on such other
               principal quotation system or exchange as the Common Shares may
               then be quoted or listed), subject to compliance with the
               requirements of such quotation system or exchange.

     (b) If any order, ruling, registration, notice or filing pursuant to any
securities laws of Canada or any province thereof is required to ensure that any
Common Shares issuable on the redemption date are issued in compliance with all
such laws or to ensure that any such Common Shares, once issued, are not subject
to any general restriction as to the resale thereof, the Corporation covenants
that it will take all action as may be necessary to make or obtain such order,
ruling, registration or filing, or give such notice, as the case may be.

     (c) If the provisions of subsections 3.10(a)(i) and (ii) are not complied
with, the principal amount of the Debentures together with accrued and unpaid
interest, if any, payable on the redemption date will be payable in lawful money
of Canada as otherwise provided hereunder. If such provisions are complied with,
the issue by the Corporation of that number of Common Shares determined under
section 3.9 shall fully satisfy and discharge the obligation of the Corporation
to pay the principal amount of such Debentures on the redemption date.

3.11     Restricted Debentures
         ---------------------

         The Debentures and Common Shares issuable upon conversion or redemption
of the Debentures have not been and will not be registered under the U.S.
Securities Act and Debentures and Common Shares issuable upon conversion or
redemption of Debentures may not be offered, sold, pledged or transferred within
the United States or to, or for the account or benefit of, a U.S. Person and may
be offered, sold, pledged or otherwise transferred only outside the United
States in accordance with the U.S. Securities Act.

<PAGE>

                                      -21-

3.12     General Requirements
         --------------------

     (a) The notice to the Trustee and Holders of Debentures to be given by the
Corporation pursuant to section 3.9 must:

          (i)    state that the Corporation has exercised its option to pay all
                 or any part of the aggregate principal amount payable to the
                 Holders of Debentures on the date of redemption by the issue of
                 Common Shares to the Holders of Debentures;

          (ii)   state that to receive a certificate for Common Shares on the
                 redemption date the Holders of Debentures must surrender their
                 Debentures to the Trustee at its principal stock transfer
                 offices in the City of Toronto;

          (iii)  advise each Holder of Debentures that the Common Shares to be
                 issued in respect of such Holder's Debentures will be
                 registered in the name of the Holder unless the Trustee
                 receives from such Holder, on or before the fifth Business Day
                 prior to the redemption date at its principal stock transfer
                 office in the City of Toronto written notice in form and
                 substance satisfactory to the Trustee directing the Corporation
                 to register such Common Shares in some other name or names and
                 stating the name or names (with addresses), accompanied by
                 payment to the Trustee of any transfer tax which may be payable
                 by reason thereof; and

          (iv)   advise each Holder that such Holder may, on or after the
                 redemption date and on proof of identity satisfactory to the
                 Trustee, take personal delivery of the share certificates
                 representing that Holder's Common Shares so issued, at the
                 principal stock transfer office of the Trustee in the City of
                 Toronto if the Trustee receives from such Holder at such
                 principal stock transfer office, in addition to any other
                 notice or delivery required by this subsection and on or before
                 the tenth Business Day prior to the redemption date written
                 notice in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee,
                 stating that such Holder wishes to take personal delivery of
                 the Common Shares issued hereunder at the principal stock
                 transfer office of the Trustee in the City of Toronto; and

     (b) On the redemption date the Corporation will, subject to subsections
3.12(a)(iii) and (iv), cause to be sent by prepaid ordinary mail (or, in the
event of mail service interruption, by such other means as the Trustee and the
Corporation determine to be appropriate), share certificates for Common Shares
issued pursuant to section 3.10 to each Holder of Common Shares in respect of
which Debentures have been surrendered in accordance with the requirements of
the notice, given pursuant to subsection 3.12(a), at their addresses as shown on
the records of the Corporation.

     (c) On or after the redemption date the Corporation will deliver share
certificates representing the Common Shares issued pursuant to section 3.10 to
any other registered Holder

<PAGE>

                                      -22-

thereof, upon presentation and surrender of the Debentures in respect of which
such shares were issued.

     (d) Each share certificate delivered pursuant to this section 3.12 will be
for that number of Common Shares that is the Holder's proportionate share of the
number of Common Shares determined in accordance with section 3.9.

     (e) Interest accrued and unpaid on the Debentures on the redemption date
will be paid to the Holders of Debentures in the manner contemplated in Article
2 except that the Corporation may, at its option, forward payment of interest
contemporaneously with the sending of Common Shares under subsection 3.12(b).

3.13     No Requirement to Issue Fractional Shares
         -----------------------------------------

         The Corporation shall not be required to issue fractional Common Shares
upon the issue of Common Shares pursuant to section 3.10. If any fractional
interest in a Common Share would, except for the provisions of this section, be
deliverable upon the issue of any Common Shares pursuant to section 3.10, the
Corporation shall, in lieu of delivering any certificate representing such
fractional interest, satisfy such fractional interest by paying to the
registered holder of such shares an amount in lawful money of Canada equal
(computed to the nearest cent) to the appropriate fraction of the Current Market
Price of the Common Shares as at the redemption date.

3.14     Purchase of Debentures for Cancellation
         ---------------------------------------

     (a) Subject to any required regulatory approval, the Corporation may at any
time and at any price purchase all or any of the Debentures in the market (which
shall include purchase from or through an investment dealer or a firm holding
membership on a recognized stock exchange) or by invitation for tenders or by
private contract. The Corporation may not exercise this right if an Event of
Default hereunder has occurred and is continuing at the date of purchase.

     (b) If, upon an invitation for tenders, more Debentures than the
Corporation is prepared to accept are tendered at the same lowest price that the
Corporation is prepared to accept, the Debentures to be purchased by the
Corporation shall be selected by the Trustee by lot, or in such other manner as
the Trustee may consider equitable, from the Debentures tendered by each
Debentureholder who tendered at such lowest price. For this purpose, the Trustee
may make, and from time to time amend, regulations with respect to the manner in
which Debentures may be so selected and regulations so made shall be valid and
binding upon all Debentureholders, notwithstanding the fact that, as a result
thereof, one or more of such Debentures become subject to purchase in part only.
The Holder of any Debenture of which a part only is purchased, upon surrender of
such Debenture for payment, shall be entitled to receive, without expense to
such Holder, one or more new Debentures for the unpurchased part so surrendered
and the Trustee shall certify and deliver such new Debenture or Debentures upon
receipt of the Debenture so surrendered.

<PAGE>

                                      -23-

3.15     Cancellation of Debentures
         --------------------------

         All Debentures redeemed and all Debentures purchased under this Article
3 shall forthwith be delivered to the Trustee and shall be cancelled by it and
no Debentures shall be issued in substitution therefor.

3.16     Repurchase of Debentures upon a Change of Control
         -------------------------------------------------

     (a) Subject to subsection 3.16(b), if a Change of Control occurs (i) prior
to August 30, 2003, the Corporation must commence, within 45 days of the Change
of Control Date, and consummate an Offer to Purchase for all Debentures
outstanding immediately prior to the date of the Offer to Purchase, at a
purchase price per Debenture equal to the sum of (A) the principal amount
thereof purchased, plus (B) accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount
of the Debenture so purchased to but not including the Change of Control Date,
plus (C) a bonus in an amount equal to the Foregone Interest, or (ii) on or
after August 30, 2003 but prior to the Maturity Date, the Corporation must
commence, within 45 days of the Change of Control Date, and consummate an Offer
to Purchase for all Debentures outstanding immediately prior to the date of the
Offer to Purchase, at a purchase price equal to the principal amount thereof
purchased, together with accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of
the Debenture so purchased to but not including the date fixed for purchase
(such price, as applicable, at which Debentures shall be purchased pursuant to
an Offer to Purchase being herein referred to as the "Offer to Purchase Price").

     (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection 3.16(a), the Corporation
shall not be required to commence and consummate an Offer to Purchase pursuant
to subsection 3.16(a) if notice of redemption of all outstanding Debentures has
been given by or on behalf of the Corporation in accordance with the provisions
of section 3.4.

     (c) An Offer to Purchase shall be commenced by mailing a notice to the
Trustee and each Holder stating: (i) the covenant contained herein pursuant to
which the offer is being made and that all Debentures validly tendered will be
accepted for payment; (ii) the Offer to Purchase Price and the related payment
date (the "Payment Date"); (iii) that a holder of Debentures may tender to the
Offer to Purchase all or part of the Debentures held; (iv) that any Debenture
not tendered will continue to accrue interest pursuant to its terms; (v) that,
unless the Corporation defaults in the payment of the Offer to Purchase Price,
any Debenture accepted for payment pursuant to the Offer to Purchase shall cease
to accrue interest on and after the Payment Date; (vi) that Holders electing to
have a Debenture purchased pursuant to the Offer to Purchase will be required to
surrender the Debenture to the Paying Agent at the address specified in the
notice prior to 5:00 p.m. (Toronto time) on the Business Day immediately
preceding the Payment Date; (vii) that Holders will be entitled to withdraw
their election if the Paying Agent receives, not later than 5:00 p.m. (Toronto
time) on the third Business Day immediately preceding the Payment Date, a
facsimile transmission or letter setting forth the name of such Holder, the
principal amount of Debentures delivered for purchase and a statement that such
Holder is withdrawing his election to have such Debentures purchased; and (viii)
that Holders whose Debentures are being purchased only in part will be issued
replacement Debentures equal in principal amount to and as evidence of the same
underlying indebtedness as was evidenced by the unpurchased portion of the
Debentures surrendered; provided that each Debenture purchased

<PAGE>

                                      -24-

and each replacement Debenture issued shall be in a principal amount of $1,000
or integral multiples thereof.

     (d) On the Payment Date, the Corporation shall (i) accept for payment
Debentures or portions thereof tendered pursuant to an Offer to Purchase; (ii)
deposit with the Paying Agent money and/or securities sufficient to pay the
purchase price of all Debentures or portions thereof so accepted; and (iii)
deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Trustee all Debentures or portions
thereof so accepted together with a Certificate of the Corporation specifying
the Debentures or portions thereof accepted for payment by the Corporation.

     (e) The Paying Agent shall promptly mail to the Holders of Debentures so
accepted payment in an amount equal to the purchase price, and the Trustee shall
promptly certify and mail to such Holders a replacement Debenture equal in
principal amount to any unpurchased portion of the Debenture surrendered;
provided that each Debenture purchased and each new Debenture issued shall be in
a principal amount of $1,000 or integral multiples thereof.

     (f) The Corporation will publicly announce the results of an Offer to
Purchase as soon as practicable after the Payment Date.

     (g) The Trustee shall act as the Paying Agent for an Offer to Purchase.

     (h) The Corporation will comply with all applicable securities laws in the
event that the Corporation is required to repurchase Debentures pursuant to an
Offer to Purchase.

     (i) The provisions of sections 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13 and
3.15 apply mutatis mutandis to the Corporation's obligation to satisfy the
purchase price under an Offer to Purchase except that:

         (i)   the Corporation must deliver the notice contemplated by section
               3.9 not less than five Trading Days preceding the Change of
               Control Date;

         (ii)  reference to the Redemption Price in such sections shall be
               deemed to be a reference to the Offer to Purchase Price for the
               purpose of this section 3.16;

         (iii) the Corporation shall have the option to elect to satisfy all or
               any part of the Offer to Purchase Price by paying (A) cash, (B)
               issuing and delivering freely tradeable, fully paid and
               non-assessable Common Shares or freely tradeable, fully paid and
               non-assessable securities of the successor Person resulting from
               the Change of Control or of the Person that made the offer to
               purchase Common Shares resulting in the Change of Control or such
               Person's Affiliate, provided in each case that such securities
               were issued to holders of Common Shares in connection with the
               Change of Control or (C) any combination of cash, Common Shares
               or such securities; and

         (iv)  the satisfaction of the Offer to Purchase Price payable to a
               Holder shall occur by the delivery to the Holder of cash and/or
               securities (or securities that are convertible thereinto or
               exchangeable therefor) as provided under

<PAGE>

                                      -25-

               this section 3.16, such securities being valued at 95% of the
               weighted average trading price of such securities on the
               principal stock exchange, quotation system or market on which
               such securities are traded or quoted for the period of five
               consecutive trading days on such exchange, quotation system or
               market ending five trading days preceding the Change of Control
               Date.

3.17      Notice of Proposed Change of Control
          ------------------------------------

          Notice of a proposed Change of Control shall be given by or on behalf
of the Corporation to the Holders of Debentures and the TSE in written form and
in the manner specified in section 11.2 no later than one Business Day following
the public announcement of the proposed Change of Control made by or on behalf
of the Corporation in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act
(Ontario) and the regulations thereunder. Such notice shall, to the extent known
by the Corporation at the time of the notice, set out the expected Change of
Control Date and describe the proposed Change of Control in substantially the
same detail as the aforementioned public announcement, such notice shall state
that the Corporation must commence an Offer to Purchase within 45 days of the
Change of Control Date.

                                   ARTICLE 4
                                   CONVERSION

4.1       Conversion Privilege
          --------------------

     (a)  Subject to and upon compliance with the provisions of section 3.16
and this Article 4, the Holder of each Debenture shall have the right at his or
her option, at any time prior to the close of business on the Maturity Date, or
if such Debenture shall have been called for redemption prior to such date, then
up to, but not after, the close of business on the last Business Day immediately
preceding the date fixed for redemption (such time and date being referred to as
the "Time of Expiry") to convert such Debenture or any portion of the principal
amount thereof which is $1,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000 into fully paid
and non-assessable Common Shares at the Conversion Price in effect on the Date
of Conversion (as defined in subsection 4.2(b) below).

          (b)  The Conversion Price in effect on the date hereof is $3.85 for
each Common Share to be issued upon the conversion of the Debentures, being a
conversion rate on the date hereof of 259.740 Common Shares for each $1,000
principal amount of Debentures.

          (c)  The term "close of business" as used in this Article 4 shall mean
the normal closing hour of the office of the Trustee referred to in section 4.2
at which such conversion right is being exercised.

4.2       Manner of Exercise of Right to Convert
          --------------------------------------

     (a)  The Holder of a Debenture wishing to convert such Debenture in whole
or in part into Common Shares shall surrender such Debenture prior to the Time
of Expiry, to the Trustee at its principal stock transfer office in the City of
Toronto, together with the conversion form on

<PAGE>

                                  -26-

the back of such Debenture or any other written notice in form and substance
satisfactory to the Trustee, in either case duly executed by the Holder or the
Holder's executors or administrators or other legal representatives or his or
her attorney duly appointed by an instrument in writing and in form and
substance satisfactory to the Trustee, exercising the Holder's right to convert
such Debenture in accordance with the provisions of this Article 4. Thereupon
such Debentureholder or, subject to payment of all applicable stamp taxes,
security transfer taxes, withholding taxes or other governmental charges and
compliance with all reasonable requirements of the Trustee, such
Debentureholder's nominee or assignee shall be entitled to be entered in the
books of the Corporation as at the Date of Conversion (as defined in subsection
4.2(b) below) (or such later date as is specified in subsection 4.2(b)) as the
holder of the number of Common Shares into which such Debenture is convertible
in accordance with the provisions hereof and, as soon as practicable thereafter,
the Corporation shall deliver to such Debentureholder or, subject as aforesaid,
his or her nominee or assignee, a certificate for such Common Shares and, if
applicable, a cheque for any amount payable under subsection 4.2(d) or section
4.6. Each Common Share certificate originally issued in the United States or to,
or for the account or benefit of, a U.S. Person, and each Common Share
certificate issued in exchange therefor or in substitution thereof, shall bear
the legend set forth in section 2.12.

     (b)  For the purposes hereof, a Debenture shall be deemed to be surrendered
for conversion on the date (the "Date of Conversion") on which it is so
surrendered in accordance with the provisions hereof and, in the case of a
Debenture so surrendered by mail or other means of delivery, on the date on
which it is physically received by the Trustee at its office specified in
subsection 4.2(a), provided that if a Debenture is surrendered for conversion on
a day on which the register of Common Shares is closed, the Person entitled to
receive Common Shares shall become the holder of record of such Common Shares as
at the date on which such register is next reopened and provided that if a
Debenture is surrendered for conversion on any interest payment date or the day
of selection by the Trustee of any Debentures for redemption, or in either case
during the 15 preceding Business Days, such Debenture shall be deemed to be
surrendered for conversion on the Business Day immediately following such
interest payment date or date on which Debentures are selected for redemption.

     (c)  Any part, being $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof, of a Debenture
of a denomination in excess of $1,000 may be converted as provided herein and
all references in this Indenture to conversion of Debentures shall be deemed to
include conversion of such parts. The Holder of any Debenture of which part only
is converted shall upon the exercise of his right of conversion, surrender such
Debenture to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall cancel the same and shall
without charge to the Holder, forthwith certify and deliver to the Holder a new
Debenture or Debentures in an aggregate principal amount equal to the
unconverted part of the principal amount of the Debenture so surrendered.

     (d)  Subject to subsection 4.2(e), the Holder of a Debenture surrendered
for conversion in accordance with this section 4.2 shall be entitled, subject to
withholding taxes, to receive accrued and unpaid interest in respect thereof for
the period up to the Date of Conversion from the date of the latest interest
payment date. The Common Shares issued upon conversion shall rank only in
respect of dividends declared in favour of holders of record of Common Shares on
and after the Date of Conversion or such later date as such Holder shall become
the holder of record of such Common Shares pursuant to subsection 4.2(b), from
which applicable date they

<PAGE>

                                      -27-

will for all purposes be and be deemed to be issued and outstanding as fully
paid and non-assessable Common Shares. For greater certainty, a Holder of a
Debenture surrendering his or her Debenture for conversion will be entitled to
payment of interest under either subsection 4.2(d) or subsection 4.2(e) and not
both such sections.

     (e)  (i)   In the case of a Change of Control occurring prior to June 30,
                2003, the Holder of record of a Debenture wishing to convert
                such Debenture with effect immediately prior to the occurrence
                of the Change of Control shall surrender such Debenture for
                conversion to the Trustee with effect immediately prior to, and
                conditional upon completion of, a Change of Control together
                with the conversion form on the back of such Debenture or any
                other written notice in form and substance satisfactory to the
                Trustee, in either case duly executed by the Holder or the
                Holder's executors or administrators or other legal
                representatives or his or her attorney duly appointed by an
                instrument in writing and in form and substance satisfactory to
                the Trustee, exercising the Holder's right to convert such
                Debenture in accordance with the provisions of this subsection
                4(e) and in accordance with such reasonable requirements as may
                be prescribed by the Trustee and the Corporation to enable such
                Holder's participation as a holder of Common Shares in the
                transaction resulting in the Change of Control (which
                requirements may differ from those that would otherwise apply
                under this Article 4), together with a letter of transmittal
                and/or such other documents, including, without limitation, a
                notice of guaranteed delivery (other than certificates or other
                documents evidencing ownership of the Common Shares underlying
                the surrendered Debentures) as may be required of holders of
                Common Shares to be deposited in order to participate in the
                transaction resulting in the Change of Control. For greater
                certainty, such Debentureholder will be regarded as a Holder of
                record immediately prior to the Change of Control. Such
                Debentureholder, upon the occurrence of the Change of Control,
                provided that the Debenture and other instruments surrendered or
                deposited with the Trustee have not been withdrawn prior to the
                occurrence of the Change of Control, shall be entitled, subject
                to withholding taxes, to receive accrued and unpaid interest in
                respect thereof for the period up to but excluding the Change of
                Control Date from the date of the latest interest payment date
                in respect thereof. The Common Shares issued upon conversion
                shall rank only in respect of dividends declared in favour of
                holders of record of Common Shares on and after the date as such
                Holder shall become the holder of record of such Common Shares,
                from which applicable date they will for all purposes be and be
                deemed to be issued and outstanding as fully paid and
                non-assessable Common Shares.

          (ii)  The Corporation shall do all commercially reasonable things
                within its control as may be necessary to enable a Holder to
                participate to the same extent as a holder of Common Shares in a
                transaction resulting in a Change of Control in the
                circumstances described in subsection 4.2(e)(i).

<PAGE>

                                 -28-

          (iii)  Unless the Holder of record of a Debenture surrendered for
                 conversion in accordance with subsection 4.2(e)(i) irrevocably
                 instructs the Trustee otherwise in writing, a Debenture
                 surrendered for conversion with effect immediately prior to a
                 Change of Control in the circumstances described in subsection
                 4.2(e)(i) shall be deemed to have been withdrawn and the
                 Debenture shall not be converted if the Change of Control has
                 not occurred prior to the forty-fifth day following its
                 surrender. The Debenture and all accompanying documents
                 surrendered or deposited with the Debenture shall be returned
                 to the Holder and any right to convert such Debenture as
                 provided in this Article 4 shall revive and continue.

4.3       Adjustment of Conversion Price
          ------------------------------

     (a)  The Conversion Price in effect at any date will be subject to
adjustment from time to time in the events and in the manner provided as
follows.

     (b)  If and whenever at any time after the date hereof and prior to the
Time of Expiry, the Corporation:

          (i)    issues Common Shares or securities exchangeable for or
                 convertible into Common Shares to the holders of all or
                 substantially all of the outstanding Common Shares as a stock
                 dividend (other than an issue of Common Shares to holders of
                 Common Shares pursuant to a right granted to such holders to
                 receive such Common Shares in lieu of Dividends Paid in the
                 Ordinary Course);

          (ii)   makes a distribution on its outstanding Common Shares to the
                 holders of all or substantially all of the, outstanding Common
                 Shares payable in Common Shares or securities exchangeable for
                 or convertible into Common Shares (other than an issue of
                 Common Shares to holders of Common Shares pursuant to a right
                 granted to such holders to receive such Common Shares in lieu
                 of Dividends Paid in the Ordinary Course);

          (iii)  subdivides or redivides its outstanding Common Shares into a
                 greater number of Common Shares; or

          (iv)   reduces, combines or consolidates its outstanding Common Shares
                 into a smaller number of Common Shares,

(any of such events in subsections (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) being called a
"Common Share Reorganization") then the Conversion Price then in effect will be
adjusted effective immediately on the effective date or record date for the
happening of a Common Share Reorganization, as the case may be, at which the
holders of Common Shares are determined for the purpose of the Common Share
Reorganization, so that it shall equal the price determined by multiplying the
Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such effective date or record
date by a fraction, the numerator of which will be the total number of Common
Shares outstanding on such effective date or record date before giving effect to
such Common Share Reorganization and the denominator of which will be the total
number of Common Shares outstanding immediately after

<PAGE>

                                      -29-

giving effect to such Common Share Reorganization (including, in the case where
securities exchangeable for or convertible into Common Shares are distributed,
the number of Common Shares that would have been outstanding had all such
securities been exchanged for or converted into Common Shares on such effective
date or record date).

     (c)  If and whenever at any time after the date hereof and prior to the
Time of Expiry the Corporation fixes a record date for the issue of rights,
options or warrants to the holders of all or substantially all of the Common
Shares under which such holders are entitled, during a period expiring not more
than 45 days after the date of such issue (the "Rights Period"), to subscribe
for or purchase Common Shares or securities exchangeable for or convertible into
Common Shares at a price per share to the holder (or at an exchange or
conversion price per share during the Rights Period to the holder in the case of
securities exchangeable for or convertible into Common Shares) of less than 95%
of the Current Market Price for the Common Shares on such record date (any of
such events being called a "`Rights Offering"), then the Conversion Price will
be adjusted effective immediately after the end of the Rights Period so that it
shall equal the price determined by multiplying the Conversion Price in effect
immediately prior to the end of the Rights Period by a fraction:

          (i)  the numerator of which will be the aggregate of:

               (A)  the total number of Common Shares outstanding as of the
                    record date for the Rights Offering, and

               (B)  a number determined by dividing (I) either (x) the product
                    of the number of Common Shares issued or subscribed for
                    during the Rights Period upon the exercise of the rights,
                    warrants or options under the Rights Offering and the price
                    at which such Common Shares are offered, or, as the case may
                    be, (y) the product of the exchange or conversion price of
                    such securities exchangeable for or convertible into Common
                    Shares and the number of Common Shares for or into which the
                    securities so offered pursuant to the Rights Offering could
                    have been exchanged or converted during the Rights Period,
                    by (II) the Current Market Price of the Common Shares as of
                    the record date for the Rights Offering, and

          (ii) the denominator of which will be the number of Common Shares
               outstanding, or the number of Common Shares which would be
               outstanding if all the exchangeable or convertible securities
               were exchanged for or converted into Common Shares during the
               Rights Period, after giving effect to the Rights Offering and
               including the number of Common Shares actually issued or
               subscribed for during the Rights Period upon exercise of the
               rights, warrants or options under the Rights Offering.

Any Debentureholder who has exercised the right to convert to Common Shares in
accordance with this Article 4 during the period beginning immediately after the
record date for a Rights Offering and ending on the last day of the Rights
Period for the Rights Offering will, in addition to the Common Shares to which
that holder would otherwise be entitled upon such conversion,

<PAGE>

                                  -30-

be entitled to that number of additional Common Shares equal to the result
obtained when the difference, if any, between the Conversion Price in effect
immediately prior to the end of such Rights Offering and the Conversion Price as
adjusted for such Rights Offering pursuant to this subsection is multiplied by
the number of Common Shares received upon the conversion of the Debentures held
by such Holder during such period, and the resulting product is divided by the
Conversion Price as adjusted for such Rights Offering pursuant to this
subsection; provided that the provisions of section 4.6 will be applicable to
any fractional interest in a Common Share to which such Holder might otherwise
be entitled under the foregoing provisions of this subsection. Such additional
Common Shares will be deemed to have been issued to the Debentureholder
immediately following the end of the Rights Period and a certificate for such
additional Common Shares will be delivered to such Holder within 15 Business
Days following the end of the Rights Period. To the extent that any such rights,
options or warrants are not so exercised on or before the expiry thereof, the
Conversion Price will be readjusted to the Conversion Price which would then be
in effect based on the number of Common Shares (or the securities convertible
into or exchangeable for Common Shares) actually delivered on the exercise of
such rights, options or warrants.

     (d)  If and whenever at any time after the date hereof and prior to the
Time of Expiry, the Corporation fixes a record date for the issue or the
distribution to the holders of all or substantially all of the Common Shares of
(i) securities of the Corporation, including rights, options or warrants to
acquire securities of the Corporation or any of its property or assets and
including evidences of indebtedness, or (ii) any property or other assets,
including evidences of indebtedness, and if such issuance or distribution does
not constitute a Dividend Paid in the Ordinary Course, a Common Share
Reorganization or a Rights Offering (any of such non-excluded events being
called a "Special Distribution"), the Conversion Price will be adjusted
effective immediately after such record date to a price determined by
multiplying the Conversion Price in effect on such record date by a fraction:

          (i)  the numerator of which will be:

               (A)  the product of the number of Common Shares outstanding on
                    such record date and the Current Market Price of the Common
                    Shares on such record date; less

               (B)  the fair market value, as determined by action by the
                    Directors (whose determination, subject to applicable
                    regulatory approval or consent, will be conclusive), to the
                    holders of Common Shares of such securities or property or
                    other assets so issued or distributed in the Special
                    Distribution; and

          (ii) the denominator of which will be the product of the number of
               Common Shares outstanding on such record date and the Current
               Market Price of the Common Shares on such record date.

To the extent that any Special Distribution is not so made, the Conversion Price
will be readjusted effective immediately to the Conversion Price which would
then be in effect based

<PAGE>

                                  -31-

upon such securities or property or other assets as actually distributed.

     (e)  If and whenever at any time after the date hereof and prior to the
Time of Expiry, there is a reclassification of the Common Shares at any time
outstanding or change of the Common Shares into other shares or into other
securities or other capital reorganization (other than a Common Share
Reorganization), or a consolidation, amalgamation or merger of the Corporation
with or into any other corporation or other entity (other than a vertical
short-form amalgamation with one or more of its wholly-owned Subsidiaries
pursuant to the Business Corporations Act (Ontario)), or a transfer of the
undertaking or assets of the Corporation as an entirety or substantially as an
entirety to another corporation or other entity in which the holders of Common
Shares are entitled to receive shares, other securities or other property (any
of such events being called a "Capital Reorganization"), any Holder of
Debentures who exercises the right to convert Debentures into Common Shares
pursuant to Debentures then held after the effective date of such Capital
Reorganization will be entitled to receive, and will accept for the same
aggregate consideration in lieu of the number of Common Shares to which such
Holder was previously entitled upon such conversion, the aggregate number of
shares, other securities or other property which such holder would have been
entitled to receive as a result of such Capital Reorganization if, on the
effective date thereof, the holder had been the registered holder of the number
of Common Shares to which such holder was previously entitled upon conversion.
The Corporation will take all steps necessary to ensure that, on a Capital
Reorganization, the Holders of Debentures will receive the aggregate number of
shares, other securities or other property to which they are entitled as a
result of the Capital Reorganization. Appropriate adjustments will be made as a
result of any such Capital Reorganization in the application of the provisions
set forth in this Article 4 with respect to the rights and interests thereafter
of holders of Debentures to the end that the provisions set forth in this
Article 4 will thereafter correspondingly be made applicable as nearly as may
reasonably be in relation to any shares, other securities or other property
thereafter deliverable upon the conversion of any Debenture. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the Corporation shall not effect any Capital Reorganization unless,
prior to or concurrent therewith, an appropriate adjustment to give effect to
this subsection is made by and set forth in an indenture supplemental hereto
approved by action of the Directors and by the Trustee and entered into pursuant
to the provisions of Article 13, in which event such adjustment will for all
purposes be conclusively deemed to be an appropriate adjustment, subject to the
prior written consent of the TSE and any other applicable regulatory approval or
consent.

     (f)  If the purchase price provided for in any rights, options or warrants
(the "Rights Offering Price") referred to in subsections 4.3(c) or (d) is
decreased, the Conversion Price will forthwith be changed so as to decrease the
Conversion Price to the Conversion Price that would have been obtained if the
adjustment to the Conversion Price made under subsection 4.3(c) or (d), as the
case may be, with respect to such rights, options or warrants had been made on
the basis of the Rights Offering Price as so decreased, provided that the terms
of this subsection will not apply to any decrease in the Rights Offering Price
resulting from terms in any such rights, options or warrants designed to prevent
dilution except to the extent that the resulting decrease in the Conversion
Price under this subsection would be greater than the decrease, if any, in the
Conversion Price to be made under the terms of this section by virtue of the
occurrence of the event giving rise to such decrease in the Rights Offering
Price.

<PAGE>

                                      -32-

     (g)  In any case in which this section 4.3 shall require that an adjustment
shall become effective immediately after a record date for an event referred to
herein, the Corporation may defer, until the occurrence of such event, issuing
to the Holder of any Debenture converted after such record date and before the
occurrence of such event the additional Common Shares issuable upon such
conversion by reason of the adjustment required by such event, provided,
however, that the Corporation shall deliver to such Holder an appropriate
instrument evidencing such Holder's right to receive such additional Common
Shares upon the occurrence of such event and the right to receive any
distributions made on such additional Common Shares declared in favour of
holders of record of Common Shares on and after the Date of Conversion or such
later date on which such Holder would, but for the provisions of this subsection
4.3(g), have become the holder of record of such additional Common Shares
pursuant to subsection 4.2(b).

4.4       Other Adjustment of Conversion Price
          ------------------------------------

          If the Corporation shall take any action affecting the Common Shares,
other than an action described in subsections 4.3(b), (c), (d) or (f), but
including an action under section 4.3(e) which results in a Holder of Debentures
being unable, for any period of time, to exercise conversion privileges that it
would otherwise be permitted to exercise due to requirements necessary to ensure
that the Debentures will be and will remain exempt from Canadian withholding
tax, which in the opinion of the Directors would have a material adverse effect
upon the rights of Debentureholders, the Conversion Price shall be adjusted in
such manner and at such time, or such other adjustment to the conversion
privilege shall be made, as the Directors determine to be equitable in the
circumstances, subject to the approval of the TSE and any other applicable
regulatory approval or consent. Failure of the Directors to take any such action
shall be conclusive evidence that the Directors have determined that it is
equitable to make no adjustment in the circumstances.

4.5       Rules Regarding Calculation of Adjustment of Conversion Price
          -------------------------------------------------------------

          For the purposes of sections 4.3 and 4.4:

     (a)  The adjustments provided for in sections 4.3 and 4.4 are cumulative
and will be computed to the nearest one-tenth of one cent and will be made
successively whenever an event referred to therein occurs, subject to the
following subsections of this section.

     (b)  No adjustment in the Conversion Price will be required unless such
adjustment would result in a change of at least 1% in the prevailing Conversion
Price; provided, however, that any adjustments which, except for the provisions
of this subsection would otherwise have been required to be made, will be
carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment.

     (c)  No adjustment in the Conversion Price will be required upon the
issuance from time to time of Common Shares pursuant to the Corporation's stock
option plan or any dividend reinvestment plan, as such plans may be replaced,
supplemented or further amended from time to time, including without limitation
an amendment to the Corporation's stock option plan approved by the holders of
Common Shares at a meeting of holders of Common Shares held on

<PAGE>

                                      -33-

June 21, 2000, or upon exercise of outstanding rights or agreements,
including options, warrants and other convertible securities including any
rights which have been granted or issued by the Corporation.

     (d)  No adjustment in the Conversion Price will be made in respect of any
event described in section 4.3, other than the events referred to in subsections
4.3(b)(iii) and (iv), or section 4.4, if Debentureholders are entitled to
participate in such event on the same terms, mutatis mutandis, as if they had
converted their Debentures prior to or on the effective date or record date of
such event. Any such participation will be subject to the prior consent of the
TSE and any other applicable regulatory consent or approval.

     (e)  If at any time a dispute arises with respect to adjustments provided
for in section 4.3, such dispute will be conclusively determined, subject to the
TSE's consent and any other applicable regulatory approval or consent, by the
Corporation's auditors, or if they are unable or unwilling to act, by such other
firm of independent chartered accountants as may be selected by action of the
Directors and any such determination will be binding upon the Corporation, the
Trustee, the Debentureholders and shareholders of the Corporation; such auditors
or accountants will be given access to all necessary records of the Corporation.
If any such determination is made, the Corporation will deliver a Certificate of
the Corporation to the Trustee describing such determination and the Trustee
shall be entitled to act and rely upon such Certificate of the Corporation.

     (f)  If the Corporation sets a record date to determine the holders of
Common Shares for the purpose of entitling them to receive any dividend or
distribution or sets a record date to take any other action and thereafter and
before the distribution to such shareholders of any such dividend or
distribution or the taking of any other action, legally abandons its plan to pay
or deliver such dividend or distribution or take such other action, then no
adjustment in the Conversion Price shall be made.

     (g)  In the absence of a resolution of the Directors fixing a record date
for a Special Distribution or Rights Offering, the Corporation will be deemed to
have fixed as the record date therefor the date on which the Special
Distribution or Rights Offering is effected.

     (h)  For greater certainty, Debentureholders shall have no right to convert
Debentures into any security other than Common Shares unless an appropriate
adjustment is made by and set forth in an indenture supplemental hereto.

4.6       No Requirement to Issue Fractional Shares
          -----------------------------------------

          The Corporation shall not be required to issue fractional Common
Shares upon the conversion of Debentures. If more than one Debenture shall be
surrendered for conversion at one time by the same Holder, the number of whole
Common Shares issuable upon conversion thereof shall be computed on the basis of
the aggregate principal amount of the Debentures to be converted. If any
fractional interest in a Common Share would, except for the provisions of this
section, be deliverable upon the conversion of any principal amount of
Debentures, the Corporation may, at its option, in lieu of delivering any
certificate of such fractional interest, satisfy such fractional interest by
paying to the Holder of such surrendered Debentures an

<PAGE>

                                      -34-

amount in lawful money of Canada equal (computed to the nearest cent) to such
fractional interest multiplied by the Current Market Price of the Common Shares
on the Date of Conversion.

4.7       Corporation to Reserve Shares
          -----------------------------

          The Corporation covenants that it will at all times reserve and keep
available out of its authorized Common Shares (if the number thereof is or
becomes limited) solely for the purpose of issue upon conversion of Debentures
as provided herein, and allot for issue to Debentureholders who may exercise
their conversion rights hereunder, such number of Common Shares as shall then be
issuable upon the conversion of all outstanding Debentures. All Common Shares
which shall be so issuable shall be duly and validly issued as fully paid and
non-assessable.

4.8       Corporation to Qualify Shares
          -----------------------------

          If at any time any order, ruling, registration, notice or filing
pursuant to any securities laws of Canada or any province thereof is required to
ensure that any Common Shares issuable upon the conversion of the Debentures are
issued in compliance with all such laws or to ensure that any such Common
Shares, once issued, are not subject to any general restriction as to the resale
thereof under the securities laws of Canada or any province thereof, the
Corporation covenants that it will take all such action as may be necessary to
make or obtain such order, ruling, registration or filing, or give such notice
as the case may be.

4.9       Taxes and Charges on Conversion
          -------------------------------

          The Corporation will from time to time promptly pay or make provision
satisfactory to the Trustee for the payment of all taxes and charges which may
be imposed by the laws of Canada or any province thereof (except income tax or
security transfer tax, if any) which shall be payable with respect to the
issuance or delivery of Common Shares to the Holders of Debentures upon the
exercise of their right of conversion pursuant to the terms of the Debentures
and of this Indenture.

4.10      Cancellation of Converted Debentures
          ------------------------------------

          All Debentures converted in whole or in part shall be forthwith
delivered to and cancelled by the Trustee and, subject to subsection 4.2(c), no
Debentures shall be issued in substitution therefor.

4.11      Certificate as to Adjustment
          ----------------------------

          The Corporation shall from time to time, immediately after the
occurrence of any event which requires an adjustment or readjustment as provided
in section 4.3 or 4.4, deliver a Certificate of the Corporation to the Trustee
specifying the nature of the event requiring the same and the amount of the
adjustment or readjustment necessitated thereby and setting forth in reasonable
detail the method of calculation and the facts upon which such calculation is
based, and the Trustee shall be entitled to act and rely upon such Certificate
of the Corporation. Such Certificate of the Corporation and the amount of the
adjustment specified therein shall be

<PAGE>

                                      -35-

conclusive and binding on all parties in interest. Until such Certificate of the
Corporation is received by the Trustee, the Trustee may act and be protected in
acting on the presumption that no adjustment has been made or is required.
Except in respect of any subdivision, redivision, reduction, combination or
consolidation of the Common Shares, the Corporation shall forthwith give notice
to the Debentureholders specifying the event requiring such adjustment or
readjustment and the amount thereof, including the resulting Conversion Price;
provided that if the Corporation has given notice under section 4.12 covering
all the relevant facts in respect of such event, no such notice need be given
under this section 4.11.

4.12      Notice of Special Matters
          -------------------------

     (a)  Subject to subsection 4.12(b), the Corporation covenants that, so long
as any Debentures remain outstanding, it will give notice to the Trustee and to
the Debentureholders of its intention to fix a record date for any event
referred to in subsections 4.3(b), (c), (d) or (e) (other than the subdivision,
redivision, reduction, combination or consolidation of Common Shares) or a cash
dividend (other than a Dividend Paid in the Ordinary Course) which may give rise
to an adjustment in the Conversion Price, or other adjustment, and such notice
shall specify the particulars of such event and the record date and the
effective date for such event; provided that the Corporation shall only be
required to specify in such notice such particulars of such event as shall have
been fixed and determined on the date on which such notice is given. Such notice
shall be given not less than 14 days prior to the applicable record date in the
case of an event referred to in subsections 4.3(b), (c) or (d) and 30 days prior
to the applicable record date in the case of an event referred to in subsection
4.3(e).

     (b)  Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection 4.12(a), the Corporation
shall not be required to give the notice referred to in subsection 4.12(a) if
the Corporation has given notice of a proposed Change of Control in accordance
with the provisions of section 3.19.

4.13      Expiry or Termination of Conversion Right
          -----------------------------------------

          The Corporation covenants that, so long as any Debentures remain
outstanding, it will give notice to the Trustee and the Debentureholders in the
manner provided in Article 11, not less than 21 days prior to the Time of
Expiry, of the expiry of the right of the Holders of the Debentures to convert
their Debentures.

4.14      Revival of Right to Convert
          ---------------------------

          If the Corporation shall fail to redeem any Debenture which has been
called for redemption upon due surrender of such Debenture, any right to convert
such Debenture as provided in this Article 4 shall revive and continue as if
such Debenture had not been called for redemption.

4.15      Protection of Trustee
          ---------------------

          The Trustee shall not at any time be under any duty or responsibility
to any Debentureholder to determine whether any facts exist which may require
any adjustment in the Conversion Price, or with respect to the nature or extent
of any such adjustment when made, or with respect to the method employed in
making the same; and shall not be accountable with

<PAGE>

                                      -36-

respect to the validity or value (or the kind or amount) of any Common Shares or
of any shares or other securities or other property which may at any time be
issued or delivered upon the conversion of any Debenture; and the Trustee,
except to the extent that there has been a failure by the Trustee or its
employees or agents to act honestly and in good faith or where the Trustee or
its employees or agents have acted negligently or in wilful disregard of their
obligations hereunder or shall not have complied with subsection 12.3(a), shall
not be responsible for any failure of the Corporation to make any cash payment
or to issue, transfer or deliver Common Shares or share certificates upon the
surrender of any Debenture for the purpose of conversion, or to comply with any
of the covenants contained in this Article 4.

                                   ARTICLE 5
                           SUBORDINATION OF DEBENTURES

5.1       Agreement to Subordinate
          ------------------------

          The Corporation covenants and agrees, and each Holder of a Debenture,
by his or her acceptance thereof, likewise agrees, that the payment of the
principal amount, interest, Redemption Price, Offer to Purchase Price and
Foregone Interest evidenced by the Debentures is hereby expressly subordinated,
to the extent and in the manner hereinafter set forth, in right of payment to
the prior payment in full of all Permitted Secured Debt.

5.2       Distribution on Insolvency or Winding-up
          ----------------------------------------

          In the event of any insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings, or any
receivership, liquidation, reorganization or other similar proceedings relative
to the Corporation, or to its property or assets, or in the event of any
proceedings for voluntary liquidation, dissolution or other winding-up of the
Corporation, whether or not involving insolvency or bankruptcy, or any
marshalling of the assets and liabilities of the Corporation, the holders of
Permitted Secured Debt shall be entitled to receive payment in full of all the
Permitted Secured Debt before the Trustee shall be entitled to receive any
payment or distribution of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or
securities, which may be payable or deliverable in any such event in respect of
the Debentures.

          Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Corporation referred
to in this Article 5, the Trustee and the Debentureholders shall be entitled to
call for and rely upon a certificate, addressed to the Trustee or to the
Debentureholders, of the Person making any such payment or distribution for the
purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such
distribution, the holders of the Permitted Secured Debt and other indebtedness
of the Corporation, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts
paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this
Article 5.

5.3       Subrogation of Debentures
          -------------------------

          Subject to the payment in full of all Permitted Secured Debt, to the
extent that any payment or distribution of assets of the Corporation otherwise
payable to the Trustee on account of the Debentureholders is made on account of
the Permitted Secured Debt pursuant to the application of Section 5.2, the
Debentureholders shall be subrogated to the rights of the holders

<PAGE>

                                      -37-

of Permitted Secured Debt to receive payments and distributions of assets of the
Corporation made in respect of or on account of Permitted Secured Debt, until
all payments of any kind or character, whether in cash or securities, which may
be payable to Holders under this Indenture and the Debentures shall be paid in
full. No payment or distribution of assets of the Corporation to the
Debentureholders which would be payable or distributable to the holders of
Permitted Secured Debt pursuant to this Article 5 shall, as between the
Corporation, its creditors (other than the holders of Permitted Secured Debt)
and the Debentureholders, be deemed to be a payment by the Corporation to or on
account of the Debentureholders, it being understood that the provisions of this
Article 5 are, and are intended, solely for the purpose of defining the relative
rights of the Debentureholders, on the one hand, and the holders of the
Permitted Secured Debt, on the other hand. Nothing contained in this Article 5
or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Debentures is intended to or shall
impair, as between the Corporation and its creditors (other than the holders of
Permitted Secured Debt and the Debentureholders), the obligation of the
Corporation, which is unconditional and absolute, to pay to the Debentureholders
the payments of any kind or character, whether in cash, securities or other
property which may be payable to Holders on the Debentures as and when the same
shall become due and payable in accordance with their terms, or to affect the
relative rights of the Debentureholders and creditors of the Corporation other
than the holders of the Permitted Secured Debt, nor shall anything herein or
therein prevent the Trustee or the holder of any Debenture from exercising all
remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default under this
Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article 5, of the holders
of Permitted Secured Debt upon the exercise of any such remedy.

5.4       No Payment to Debentureholders if Permitted Secured Debt in Default
          -------------------------------------------------------------------

     (a)  The Corporation shall not make any payment, and the Trustee and the
holders of Debentures shall not be entitled to demand, institute proceedings for
the collection of, or receive any payment or benefit (including without
limitation by set-off, combination of accounts or otherwise in any manner
whatsoever) on account of the Debentures (i) in a manner inconsistent with the
terms (as they exist on the date hereof) of the Debentures, or (ii) at any time
when an event of default, as defined in any Permitted Secured Debt or any
instrument evidencing the same, has occurred and is continuing and notice of
such event of default has been given by or on behalf of the holders of Permitted
Secured Debt to the Corporation and the Trustee, unless the Permitted Secured
Debt have been repaid in full.

     (b)  The fact that any payment which is required to be made pursuant to
this Indenture or the Debentures is prohibited by this section 5.4 shall not
prevent the failure to make such payment from being an Event of Default
hereunder.

5.5       Payment of Debentures Permitted
          -------------------------------

     (a)  For greater certainty, this Article 5 shall not be construed so as to
prevent the Trustee from receiving and retaining any payments on account of the
Debentures which are made (i) in a manner that is consistent with the terms of
this Indenture or the Debentures, and (ii) at any time when no event of default,
as defined in any Permitted Secured Debt or the instrument creating the same,
has occurred and is continuing in respect of which notice has been given by or
on behalf of the holders of Permitted Secured Debt to the Corporation and the
Trustee.

<PAGE>

                                      -38-

     (b)  Until written notice shall be given to the Trustee by or on behalf of
any holder of any Permitted Secured Debt of the occurrence of any default with
respect to such Permitted Secured Debt or of the existence of any other facts
which would have the result that any payment with respect to the Debentures
would be in contravention of the provisions of this Article 5, the Trustee shall
be entitled to assume that no such default has occurred, or that no such facts
exist, and nothing in this Indenture shall prevent the Trustee from applying any
moneys received by it pursuant to this Indenture prior to the receipt by it of
such written notice, to the purposes for which the same were received,
notwithstanding the occurrence or continuance of a default with respect to, or
the existence of such facts with respect to, such Permitted Secured Debt.

5.6       Subordination Not to be Impaired
          --------------------------------

     (a)  The subordination provided for in this Article 5 shall remain in full
force and effect until the entire amount of the Permitted Secured Debt has been
paid and satisfied in full without regard to, and such subordination shall not
be released, discharged, limited or in any way affected or impaired by:

          (i)    any lack of validity or enforceability of or any limitation of
                 liability under any agreement, document or instalment now or
                 hereafter given in connection with the Permitted Secured Debt
                 (including without limitation any security and guarantees, and
                 for greater certainty including this Indenture; and such
                 agreements, documents and instruments are hereinafter
                 collectively referred to as the "Credit Documents");

          (ii)   any irregularity, defect, informality, lack of power or due
                 authorization relating to any Credit Document;

          (iii)  any amendment, modification, addition or supplement to any
                 Credit Document;

          (iv)   any extension, renewal, indulgence, compromise, or any other
                 action or inaction, relating to any Credit Document or any
                 person or property;

          (v)    any taking or abstention from taking of any security for, or
                 any guarantee of, any of the obligations and liabilities of any
                 person arising under any Credit Document whether or not such
                 security or guarantee is given in connection with a Credit
                 Document;

          (vi)   any release, loss, exchange, amendment modification, addition
                 or supplement to or of any Credit Document or any collateral
                 thereunder (with or without consideration);

          (vii)  any default under, or any lack of due execution, validity or
                 enforceability of, or any irregularity or other defect in, or
                 any failure to perfect, register or file notice of, any Credit
                 Document;

          (viii) any waiver of or consent to a departure from any requirement or
                 condition precedent contained in any Credit Document;

<PAGE>

                                      -39-

          (ix)   any exercise or non-exercise, negligent or otherwise, of any
                 right, remedy, power or privilege in respect of any Credit
                 Document;

          (x)    any change in the parties to, or in the interest of any party
                 in, any Credit Document, including without limitation any
                 change resulting from an assignment of the interest of a party
                 under any Credit Document;

          (xi)   any method or sequence of application (or subsequent change
                 thereof) at any time or from time to time used by any holder of
                 Permitted Secured Debt or the Trustee to apply any proceeds
                 received from any source to the Permitted Secured Debt;

          (xii)  any sale, lease, transfer or other disposition by the
                 Corporation or the Trustee or any other Person of any property;

          (xiii) any amalgamation, consolidation or merger of the Corporation or
                 the Trustee or any other Person with or into any Person;

          (xiv)  any manner of dealing by any holder of Permitted Secured Debt
                 with the Corporation or the Trustee or any other Person;

          (xv)   any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement or
                 similar proceedings involving or affecting the Corporation or
                 the Trustee or any other Person;

          (xvi)  any other circumstances of any nature whatsoever which might
                 otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge of or
                 defence against the obligations of the Corporation or the
                 Trustee hereunder (except satisfaction in full of the
                 obligations of the Corporation and the Trustee hereunder); or

          (xvii) any other circumstances (except satisfaction in full of the
                 obligations of the Corporation and the Trustee hereunder);

in each case, whether or not the Corporation, the Trustee, any holder of
Permitted Secured Debt or any other Person shall have notice or knowledge of any
of the foregoing and whether or not any of the holders of Permitted Secured
Debt, the Corporation or the Trustee shall have consented thereto.

     (b)  With respect to the subordination contemplated by this Article 5, the
Trustee, and by acceptance of Debentures, each of the Debentureholders,
absolutely and unconditionally waives:

          (i)    notice of any of the matters referred to in subsection 5.6(a);

          (ii)   all notices which may be required by statute, rule of law or
                 otherwise to preserve any rights of any holder of Permitted
                 Secured Debt, other than notice of an event of default as
                 provided for in section 5.4;

<PAGE>

                                      -40-

          (iii) any right to require the exercise by any holder of Permitted
                Secured Debt of any right, remedy, power or privilege in
                connection with any Credit Document (including without
                limitation any right to require any holder of Permitted Secured
                Debt to take or exhaust any recourse against the Corporation or
                any other person or under the Credit Documents); and

          (iv)  any requirement of diligence or care on the part of any holder
                of Permitted Secured Debt, or the Trustee.

          The subordination provided for in this Article 5 shall be continuing
and shall continue irrespective of any one or more demands which may be made
hereunder by any holder of Permitted Secured Debt, and irrespective of any
statute of limitations otherwise applicable. If at any time a payment on account
of the Permitted Secured Debt is rescinded or avoided upon the insolvency,
bankruptcy or reorganization of the Corporation or any other Person or for
whatever reason, the subordination provided for in this Article 5 shall be
continuing or be reinstated, as applicable, (irrespective of any statute of
limitations otherwise applicable) and shall cover and include each such
rescinded or avoided payment, all as though such payment had not been made.

5.7       Authorization of Debentureholders to Trustee to Effect Subordination
          --------------------------------------------------------------------

          Each Holder of a Debenture, by his acceptance thereof, authorizes and
directs the Trustee on his behalf to take such action as may be necessary or
appropriate to effect the subordination provided for in this Article 5 and
appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes.

5.8       Knowledge of Trustee
          --------------------

          Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article 5, the Trustee will not
be charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts that would prohibit the
making of any payment of monies to or by the Trustee, or the taking of any other
action by the Trustee, unless and until the Trustee has received written notice
thereof from the Corporation, any Debentureholder or representative of any class
of Permitted Secured Debt.

5.9       Certain Rights of Trustee
          -------------------------

          The Trustee is entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article 5
with respect to any Permitted Secured Debt at any time held by it, to the same
extent as any other holder of Permitted Secured Debt, and nothing in this
Indenture deprives the Trustee of any of its rights as such holder.

<PAGE>

                                      -41-

                                   ARTICLE 6
                          COVENANTS OF THE CORPORATION

6.1       General Covenants
          -----------------

          The Corporation covenants with the Trustee for the benefit of the
Trustee and the Debentureholders as follows:

     (a)  the Corporation will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid to
every Debentureholder the principal amount, interest and Foregone Interest, if
any, evidenced by such Holder's Debentures (including, in the case of default,
interest on the amount in default) on the dates, at the places, in the money or
securities, and in the manner mentioned herein and in the Debentures;

     (b)  except as herein otherwise expressly provided, the Corporation will at
all times maintain its corporate existence and will keep proper books of account
in accordance with generally accepted accounting practices. Upon written notice
from the Trustee stating that it has reasonable grounds to believe that an Event
of Default has occurred or may occur, the Corporation will furnish or cause to
be furnished to the Trustee or its duly authorized agent or attorney such
information relating to its business as the Trustee may reasonably require and
the books of account will be made available for inspection by the Trustee or
such agent or attorney;

     (c)  the Corporation will furnish to the Trustee a copy of all financial
statements, whether annual or interim, of the Corporation and the report, if
any, of the Corporation's auditors thereon and of all annual and other periodic
reports of the Corporation furnished to its shareholders at the same time as
they are furnished to such shareholders. No obligation shall rest with the
Trustee to analyze such statements or evaluate the performance of the
Corporation in any manner whatsoever;

     (d)  the Corporation will duty and punctually perform and carry out all of
the acts or things to be done by it as provided in this Indenture;

     (e)  the Corporation shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of the
details of the occurrence of any Event of Default;

     (f)  the Corporation will not directly or indirectly, declare or pay any
dividends on account of any shares or any class of its shares now or hereafter
outstanding or redeem, retire, defease, purchase or otherwise acquire any shares
of any class of capital stock (or set aside or otherwise deposit or invest any
sums for any of the foregoing purposes) or apply or set apart any sum, or make
any other distribution (by reduction of capital or otherwise) in respect of any
such shares or agree to do any of the foregoing;

     (g)  if the closing price of the Common Shares on NASDAQ is less than
U.S.$1.00 for any period of 10 consecutive trading days, the Corporation will
consider calling a special meeting of its shareholders for the purpose of
approving a consolidation of the Common Shares on such terms as the directors of
the Corporation may approve;

<PAGE>

                                      -42-

     (h)  the Corporation will reserve and authorize the issuance of a
sufficient number of Common Shares for the purpose of enabling it to satisfy its
obligations to issue Common Shares in accordance with the terms of the
Debentures;

     (i)  the Corporation will cause the Common Shares and the certificates
representing the Common Shares from time to time issued in accordance with the
terms of the Debentures to be duly issued and delivered in accordance with the
Debentures and the terms of the Trust Indenture; and

     (j)  the Corporation shall, within three Business Days of a written request
by the Trustee, furnish to the Trustee, or to such other Person as the Trustee
may direct, a true copy of this Indenture.

6.2       Not to Extend Time for Payment of Interest or Principal Amount
          --------------------------------------------------------------

     (a)  The Corporation covenants that, in order to prevent any accumulation
after maturity of unpaid interest on, or of unpaid principal amount of, any
Debentures, the Corporation will not directly or indirectly extend or assent to
the extension of time for payment of any interest upon any Debentures or of any
principal amount payable in respect of any Debentures and that it will not
directly or indirectly be or become a party to or approve any such arrangement
by purchasing or funding any interest on the Debentures or any principal amount
thereof or in any other manner and that the Corporation will deliver to the
Trustee all Debentures when paid as evidence of such payment.

     (b)  If the time for the payment of any interest or principal amount shall
be so extended, whether or not such extension is by or with the consent of the
Corporation, notwithstanding anything herein or in the Debentures contained,
such interest or principal amount shall not be entitled, in case of default
hereunder, to the benefit of this Indenture except subject to the prior payment
in full of the principal amount of all the Debentures then outstanding and of
all matured interest on such Debentures the payment of which has not been so
extended.

6.3       To Provide Annual Certificate of Compliance
          -------------------------------------------

          The Corporation covenants that, on or before August 30, 2002 and on or
before August 30 in each subsequent year and at any other reasonable time if
requested by the Trustee, the Corporation will furnish to the Trustee a
Certificate of the Corporation stating that the Corporation has complied with
all covenants, conditions and other requirements contained in this Indenture,
non-compliance with which would constitute an Event of Default hereunder or, if
such is not the case, specifying the covenant, condition or other requirement
which has not been complied with and giving particulars of such non-compliance
and the action, if any, the Corporation proposes to take with respect thereto.

6.4       Continued Listing
          -----------------

          The Corporation will take all commercially reasonable steps and
actions and do all such acts and things as may be required to: (i) as long as it
meets the minimum listing requirements of such institutions, maintain the
listing and posting for trading on the TSE of the Common Shares or, in the event
of a Change of Control, on the TSE, NASDAQ or the New

<PAGE>

                                      -43-

York Stock Exchange of the securities for or into which the Common Shares were
exchangeable or converted in connection with the Change of Control, and (ii)
maintain its status as a reporting issuer not in default of the requirements of
applicable securities legislation of the provinces of Canada or have outstanding
securities registered under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, or in the event of a Change of Control, maintain the status of the
Person whose securities were exchanged or converted for Common Shares as part of
such Change of Control as a reporting issuer not in default of the requirements
of applicable securities legislation of the provinces of Canada or have
outstanding securities registered under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended.

6.5       To Pay Trustee's Remuneration
          -----------------------------

     (a)  The Corporation covenants that it will pay to the Trustee reasonable
remuneration for its services as Trustee and will pay all costs, charges and
expenses (including reasonable fees and disbursements of its Counsel and all
other advisors not regularly in its employ) properly incurred by the Trustee in
connection with the trusts hereof, on demand by the Trustee and also (in
addition to any right of indemnity given to the Trustee by law) will at all
times keep indemnified the Trustee against all liabilities, losses, damages,
actions proceedings, costs, claims, expenses and demands in respect of any
matter or thing done or omitted by the Trustee (other than through the gross
negligence of or misconduct by the Trustee) in any way relating to this
Indenture. The said remuneration shall continue to be payable until the trusts
hereof be finally wound up and whether or not the trusts of this Indenture shall
be in the course of administration by or under the direction of the court.

     (b)  Any amount due under this section 6.5 and unpaid 30 days after demand
for such payment shall bear interest from the expiration of such 30 day period
at a rate per annum equal to the rate generally charged by the Corporate Trust
Department of the Trustee from time to time on overdue accounts. After default
all amounts so payable and the interest thereon shall be payable out of any
funds coming into possession of the Trustee in priority to any payment of the
principal amount of, or any interest on the Debentures.

6.6       Trustee May Perform Covenants
          -----------------------------

          If the Corporation shall fail to perform any of its covenants
contained herein, the Trustee may in its discretion, but (subject to section
7.2) need not, notify the Debentureholders of such failure or may itself perform
any such covenants capable of being performed by it and, if any such covenant
requires the payment of money, it may make such payment with its own funds, or
with money borrowed by it for such purpose, but shall be under no obligation to
do so; and all sums so paid shall be payable by the Corporation in accordance
with the provisions of section 6.5. No such performance by the Trustee of any
covenant contained herein or payment by the Corporation of any sums advanced or
borrowed by the Trustee pursuant to the foregoing provisions shall be deemed to
relieve the Corporation from any default hereunder or its continuing obligations
hereunder.

<PAGE>

                                      -44-

6.7       Request for Trust Indenture
          ---------------------------

          The Corporation shall, within three Business Days of a written request
by the Trustee, furnish to the Trustee, or to such other Person as the Trustee
may direct, a true copy of this Trust Indenture.

6.8       Covenant to Notify Trustee of Change of Name
          --------------------------------------------

          The Corporation shall not change its name or amalgamate with another
corporation under a different name without giving at least ten days' prior
notice to the Trustee of the new name and the date upon which such change of
name or amalgamation is to take effect and, within five Business Days of the
change of name or amalgamation, the Corporation shall provide the Trustee with:

     (a)  a notarial or certified copy of the articles of amendment or articles
of amalgamation effecting the change of name; and

     (b)  an opinion from legal counsel satisfactory to the Trustee as to the
correct name of the Corporation and confirming that all appropriate
registrations, filings or recordings have been made to ensure the continued
validity and enforceability of this Indenture and the Debentures.

6.9       Limitation on Certain Additional Debt
          -------------------------------------

          The Corporation represents and warrants to the Trustee that there is
no (i) Permitted Secured Debt or (ii) Debt ranking senior to, or pari passu,
with the Debentures outstanding or in effect on the date of this Indenture,
except such Permitted Secured Debt as has been incurred to finance the cost of
acquisition by the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries of any assets or
services in the ordinary course of their respective businesses. The Corporation
will not, and will not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, create, incur, assume,
suffer, permit to exist or guarantee, directly or indirectly, any Debt that
ranks senior to, or pari passu, with the Debentures other than Permitted Secured
Debt. Nothing in this section 6.9 will prevent or be deemed to prevent the
Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries from creating, incurring, assuming,
suffering, permitting to exist or guaranteeing trade debt.

                                   ARTICLE 7
                             DEFAULT AND ENFORCEMENT

7.1       Events of Default
          -----------------

          "Event of Default", wherever used herein, means any one of the
following events:

     (a)  failure to pay any principal amount of any Debenture when due; or

     (b)  failure to pay any interest on any Debenture when due, continued for a
period of five days; or

<PAGE>

                                      -45-

     (c)  default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or agreement of
the Corporation in this Indenture or the Debentures, continued for a period of
30 days after there has been given notice, by registered or certified mail, to
the Corporation by the Trustee or by Holders of not less than 25% of the
principal amount of Debentures then outstanding specifying such default or
breach and requiring it to be remedied, unless the Trustee (having regard to the
subject matter of the default) shall have agreed to a longer period and, in such
event, for the period agreed to by the Trustee; or

     (d)  the institution by the Corporation of proceedings to be adjudicated a
bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the institution of bankruptcy or
insolvency proceedings against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer
or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable federal,
provincial or state law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or
relief of debtors, or the consent by it to the filing of any such petition or to
the appointment under any such law of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Corporation or of substantially
all of its property, or the making by it of a general assignment for the benefit
of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its
debts generally as they become due; or

     (e)  the entry of a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the
premises adjudging the Corporation a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as
properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement or adjustment of
or in respect of the Corporation under any applicable law relating to
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, or appointing under
any such law a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other
similar official) of the Corporation or of substantially all of its property, or
ordering pursuant to any such law the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs,
and the continuance of any such decree, petition, appointment or order unstayed
and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or

     (f)  if an encumbrancer takes possession of, or appoints a receiver in
respect of, all or substantially all of the property of the Corporation, or if
any process or execution is levied or enforced upon or gains all or
substantially all of the property of the Corporation and remains unsatisfied for
such period as would permit any such property to be sold thereunder, unless the
Corporation actively and diligently contests in good faith such process, but in
that event the Corporation shall, if the Trustee so requires, give security
which, in the discretion of the Trustee, is sufficient to pay in full the amount
thereby claimed in case the claim is held to be valid.

7.2       Notice of Event of Default
          --------------------------

     (a)  If an Event of Default shall occur and is continuing the Trustee
shall, within 15 days after it becomes aware of the occurrence of such Event of
Default, give notice thereof to the Debentureholders, provided that,
notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trustee shall not be required to give such
notice if the Trustee in good faith shall have decided that the withholding of
such notice is in the best interests of the Debentureholders and shall have so
advised the Corporation in writing.

     (b)  Where notice of the occurrence of an Event of Default has been given
and the Event of Default is thereafter cured, notice that the Event of Default
is no longer continuing shall

<PAGE>

                                      -46-

be given by the Trustee to the Debentureholders within 15 days after the Trustee
becomes aware that the Event of Default has been cured.

7.3       Acceleration on Default
          -----------------------

          If any Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee
may in its discretion, and shall upon receipt of a Debentureholders' Request,
subject to sections 7.4 and 10.11(d), by notice in writing to the Corporation
declare the principal amount of and interest on the Debentures then outstanding
and any other moneys payable hereunder to be due and payable and the same shall
forthwith become immediately due and payable to the Trustee, notwithstanding
anything contained therein or herein to the contrary, and the Corporation shall
pay forthwith to the Trustee for the benefit of the Debentureholders the
principal amount of and accrued and unpaid interest (including interest on
amounts in default) on such Debentures and all other moneys payable hereunder,
together with subsequent interest thereon at the rate borne by the Debentures
from the date of such declaration until payment is received by the Trustee. Such
payment when made shall be deemed to have been made in discharge of the
Corporation's obligations hereunder and any moneys so received by the Trustee
shall be applied as provided in section 7.7.

7.4       Waiver of Default
          -----------------

          If an Event of Default shall have occurred:

     (a)  the Holders of a majority (i.e. greater than 50%) of the principal
amount of the Debentures then outstanding shall have the power (in addition to
the other powers exercisable by Extraordinary Resolution as hereinafter
provided) by instrument signed by such Holders to instruct the Trustee to waive
any Event of Default hereunder and/or to cancel any declaration made by the
Trustee pursuant to section 7.3 and the Trustee shall thereupon waive the Event
of Default and/or cancel such declaration upon such terms and conditions as such
Debentureholders shall prescribe; and

     (b)  the Trustee, so long as it has not become bound to institute any
proceedings hereunder, shall have the power to waive any Event of Default
hereunder if in the Trustee's opinion, the same shall have been cured or
adequate satisfaction made therefor, and in such event to cancel any such
declaration theretofore made by the Trustee in the exercise of its discretion,
upon such terms and conditions as the Trustee may consider advisable;

provided that no delay or omission of the Trustee or of the Debentureholders to
exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any
such right or power or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such Event of
Default or acquiescence therein and provided further that no act or omission
either of the Trustee or of the Debentureholders shall extend to or be taken in
any manner whatsoever to affect any subsequent Event of Default hereunder or the
rights resulting therefrom.

<PAGE>

                                      -47-

7.5       Enforcement by the Trustee
          --------------------------

          If an Event of Default shall have occurred, but subject to sections
7.4 and 12.3 and to the provisions of any Extraordinary Resolution that may be
passed by the Debentureholders as provided:

     (a)  the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to enforce the rights of the
Trustee and of the Debentureholders by any action, suit, remedy or proceeding
authorized or permitted by this Indenture or by law or equity; and may file such
proof of debt, amendment of proof of debt, claim, petition or other papers or
documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the
Trustee and of the Debentureholders filed in any bankruptcy, insolvency,
winding-up or other judicial proceedings relating to the Corporation or its
creditors or relating to or affecting its property;

     (b)  no such remedy for the enforcement of the rights of the Trustee or the
Debentureholders shall be exclusive of or dependent on any other such remedy but
any one or more of such remedies may from time to time be exercised
independently or in combination;

     (c)  all rights of action hereunder may be enforced by the Trustee without
the possession of any of the Debentures or to the production thereof on the
trial or other proceedings relating thereto; and

     (d)  upon receipt of a Debentureholders' Request and upon receiving
sufficient funds and being indemnified to its satisfaction as provided in
subsection 12.3(b), the Trustee shall exercise or take such one or more of such
remedies as the Debentureholders' Request may direct, provided that if any such
Debentureholders' Request directs the Trustee to take proceedings out of court
the Trustee may in its discretion take judicial proceedings in lieu thereof

7.6       Limitation on Suits
          -------------------

          No Holder of any Debentures shall have any right to institute any
action, suit or proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this
Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other
remedy authorized or permitted by this Indenture or by law or by equity
hereunder, unless:

     (a)  such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee, or
vice-versa, of a continuing Event of Default;

     (b)  the Trustee shall have received a Debentureholders' Request requesting
the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its
own name as Trustee hereunder and the Trustee shall have been offered a
reasonable opportunity either itself to proceed to exercise the powers
hereinbefore granted or to institute an action, suit or proceeding in its name
for such purpose;

     (c)  the Holder or Holders executing such Debentureholders' Request have
provided to the Trustee sufficient funds and/or indemnity against the costs,
expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request in
accordance with subsection 12.3(b);

<PAGE>

                                      -48-

     (d)  the Trustee, for 60 days after its receipt of such notice,
Debentureholders' Request and provision of funds and/or indemnity, has failed to
institute any such proceeding; and

     (e)  no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to
the Trustee during such 60 day period by the Holders of a majority or more in
principal amount of the outstanding Debentures.

          In such event but not otherwise any Debentureholder, acting on behalf
of himself and all other Debentureholders, shall be entitled to take proceedings
in any court of competent jurisdiction such as the Trustee might have taken
under section 7.5, but in no event shall any Debentureholder or combination of
Debentureholders have any right to take any other remedy or proceedings out of
court; it being understood and intended that no one or more Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other
Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other
Holders or to enforce my right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein
provided and for the equal and rateable benefit of all the Holders.

7.7       Application of Moneys
          ---------------------

     (a)  Except as otherwise provided herein, any moneys arising from any
enforcement hereof, whether by the Trustee or any Debentureholder, shall be held
by the Trustee and applied by it, together with any moneys then or thereafter in
the hands of the Trustee available for the purpose, as follows:

          (i)     first, in payment or reimbursement to the Trustee of the
                  amounts contemplated by section 6.5, including without
                  limitation, the remuneration, expenses, disbursements and
                  advances of the Trustee earned, incurred or made in the
                  administration or execution of the trusts hereunder or
                  otherwise in relation to this Indenture with interest thereon
                  as herein provided;

          (ii)    second (but subject to section 6.2), in or towards payment of
                  the principal amount of all of the Debentures then outstanding
                  and thereafter in or towards payment of the accrued and unpaid
                  interest and interest on overdue interest on such Debentures
                  (or if the Debentureholders, by Extraordinary Resolution,
                  shall have directed payments to be made in accordance with any
                  other order of priority, or without priority as between
                  principal amount and interest, then such moneys shall be
                  applied in accordance with such direction); and

          (iii)   third, the surplus (if any) of such moneys shall be paid to
                  the Corporation or as it may direct,

provided, however, that no payments shall be made in respect of the principal
amount or interest on any Debenture held by or for the benefit of the
Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries (other than any Debenture pledged for
value and in good faith to a Person other than the Corporation or any of its
Subsidiaries, but only to the extent of such Person's interest therein) except
subject to

<PAGE>

                                      -49-

the prior payment in full of the principal amount of and interest on all
Debentures which are not so held.

     (b)  For the purpose of disregarding any Debentures owned legally or
beneficially by the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries as required by
subsection 7.7(a), the Corporation shall provide to the Trustee, from time to
time and forthwith upon the Trustee's written request, a Certificate of the
Corporation setting forth as at the date of such Certificate:

          (i)    the names (other than the name of the Corporation) of the
                 registered holders of Debentures which, to the knowledge of the
                 Corporation, are owned by or held for the account of the
                 Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries; and

          (ii)   a list of Debentures owned legally and beneficially by the
                 Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries;

and the Trustee shall be entitled to rely on such Certificate for all purposes.

7.8       Distribution of Moneys
          ----------------------

          Payments to Debentureholders pursuant to subsection 7.7(a)(ii) shall
be made as follows:

     (a)  at least 15 days' notice of every such payment shall be given in the
manner provided in Article 11 specifying the date and time when and the place or
places where such payments are to be made and the amount of the payment and the
application thereof as between principal amount and interest;

     (b)  payment of any Debenture shall be made upon presentation thereof at
any one of the places specified in such notice and any such Debenture thereby
paid in full shall be surrendered, otherwise a notation of such payment shall be
endorsed thereon; but the Trustee may in its discretion dispense with
presentation and surrender or endorsement in any special case upon receipt by it
of such indemnity as it shall consider sufficient;

     (c)  from and after the date of payment specified in the notice, interest
shall accrue only on the amount owing on each Debenture after giving credit for
the amount of the payment specified in such notice unless the Debenture in
respect of which such amount is owing is duly presented on or after the date so
specified and payment of such amount is not made; and

     (d)  the Trustee shall not be required to make any partial or interim
payment to Debentureholders unless the moneys in its hands, after reserving
therefrom such amount as the Trustee may think necessary to provide for the
payments mentioned in subsection 7.7(a)(i) exceed 5% of the aggregate principal
amount of the outstanding Debentures, but it may retain the moneys so received
by it and deal with the same as provided in section 12.10 until the money or
investments representing the same, with the income derived therefrom, together
with any other moneys for the time being under its control, shall be sufficient
for such purpose or until it shall consider it advisable to apply the same in
the manner hereinbefore set forth. For certainty, the foregoing shall, however,
not apply to a final payment or distribution hereunder.

<PAGE>

                                      -50-

7.9       Persons Dealing with Trustee
          ----------------------------

          No Person dealing with the Trustee or any of its agents shall be
concerned to enquire whether an Event of Default has occurred, or whether the
powers which the Trustee is purporting to exercise have become exercisable, or
whether any moneys remain due under this Indenture or on the Debentures, or to
see to the application of any moneys paid to the Trustee; and in the absence of
fraud on the part of such Person, such dealing shall be deemed to be within the
powers hereby conferred and to be valid and effective accordingly.

7.10      Trustee Appointed Attorney
          --------------------------

          Following an Event of Default, and for so long as such Event of
Default continues, the Corporation appoints the Trustee to be the attorney of
the Corporation in the name add on behalf of the Corporation to execute any
instruments and do any things which the Corporation ought to execute and do, and
has not executed or done, under the covenants and provisions contained in this
Indenture and generally to use the name of the Corporation in the exercise of
all or any of the powers hereby conferred on the Trustee with full powers of
substitution and revocation.

7.11      Remedies Cumulative
          -------------------

          No remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the
Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other remedy, but each and every
remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to
every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law
or by statute.

7.12      Judgment Against the Corporation
          --------------------------------

          In the case of any judicial or other proceedings to obtain judgment
for the principal amount of or interest on the Debentures, judgment may be
rendered against the Corporation in favour of the Debentureholders or in favour
of the Trustee, as trustee for the Debentureholders, for any amount which may
remain due in respect of the Debentures and the interest thereon and any other
moneys owing hereunder.

                                   ARTICLE 8
                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

8.1       Cancellation of Debentures
          --------------------------

          All matured Debentures shall forthwith before payment thereof be
delivered to the Trustee and cancelled by it. If required by the Corporation,
the Trustee shall furnish to it a certificate setting out the designating
numbers and denominations of the Debentures cancelled.

<PAGE>

                                      -51-

8.2       Non-Presentation of Debentures
          ------------------------------

          If the Holder of any Debenture shall fail to present the same for
payment on the date of purchase pursuant to an Offer to Purchase or on the date
fixed for redemption or on the date on which the principal amount thereof, the
interest thereon and any Foregone Interest represented thereby becomes payable
either at maturity or otherwise or shall not accept payment on account thereof
and give such receipt therefor (if any) as the Trustee may require:

     (a)  the Corporation shall be entitled to pay to the Trustee and direct it
to set aside; or

     (b)  in respect of moneys or securities in the hands of the Trustee which
may or should be applied to the payment of the Debentures, the Corporation shall
be entitled to direct the Trustee to set aside; or

     (c)  if the redemption was pursuant to notice given by the Trustee, the
Trustee may itself set aside;

such money and/or securities, as the case may be, in trust to be paid to the
Holder of such Debenture upon due presentation and surrender thereof in
accordance with the provisions of this Indenture, and thereupon such principal
amount, interest or Foregone Interest on or represented by each Debenture in
respect of which such moneys and/or or securities have been set aside shall be
deemed to have been paid and thereafter such Debentures shall not be considered
as outstanding hereunder and the Holders thereof shall thereafter have no right
in respect thereof except that of receiving payment of the moneys and/or
securities so set aside by the Trustee (without interest thereon) upon due
presentation and surrender thereof, subject always to the provisions of section
8.3. Any moneys so set aside may, and, if remaining unclaimed for 30 days shall,
on the direction of the Corporation, be invested by the Trustee in accordance
with section 12.10.

8.3       Repayment of Unclaimed Moneys or Securities
          -------------------------------------------

          Any moneys and/or securities set aside under sections 3.6, 3.9, 3.16,
3.17, 3.18 or 8.2 and not claimed by and paid to Debentureholders within six
years after the date of such setting aside shall, subject to applicable law, be
repaid or returned, as the case may be, to the Corporation by the Trustee on
demand, and thereupon the Trustee shall be released from all further liability
with respect to such moneys and/or securities and thereafter the Holders of the
Debentures in respect of which such moneys and/or securities were so repaid or
returned, as the case may be, to the Corporation shall have no rights in respect
thereof except to obtain payment of such moneys and/or securities without
interest thereon from the Corporation up to such time as the right to proceed
against the Corporation for recovery of such moneys has become statute barred
under the laws of the Province of Ontario.

8.4       Discharge
          ---------

          Upon proof being given to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee
that all the Debentures and interest (including interest on amounts in default)
and Foregone Interest, if any, thereon or evidenced thereby have been paid or
satisfied or that all the outstanding Debentures having matured or having been
duly called for redemption or having been automatically

<PAGE>

                                      -52-

redeemed or the Trustee having been given irrevocable instructions by the
Corporation to give within 90 days' notice of redemption of all the outstanding
Debentures, such payment or redemption has been duly provided for by payment to
the Trustee, and upon payment of all costs, charges and expenses properly
incurred by the Trustee in relation to this Indenture and all interest thereon
and the remuneration of and any other amounts accrued or owing by the
Corporation to the Trustee under this Indenture, or upon provision satisfactory
to the Trustee being made therefor, the Trustee shall, at the request and at the
expense of the Corporation, execute and deliver to the Corporation such deeds or
other instruments as shall be necessary to evidence the satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture and to release the Corporation from its covenants
contained herein except those relating to the indemnification of the Trustee.

8.5       Withholding
          -----------

          Unless otherwise directed by a Certificate of the Corporation, the
Trustee shall withhold tax on all amounts paid or credited to a Holder, who at
all relevant times for purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) is not a resident
or deemed to be a resident of Canada for the purposes of such Act and does not
use or hold a Debenture or Common Shares acquired under the terms of this
Indenture in carrying on business in Canada, as, on account or in lieu of
payment of or in satisfaction of interest including without limitation any
amount paid or credited to such a Holder in respect of Foregone Interest and
remit such withheld tax to the appropriate authorities.

                                  ARTICLE 9
                                SUCCESSOR PERSONS

9.1       Certain Requirements in Respect of Merger, etc.
          -----------------------------------------------

          The Corporation may not, in a single transaction or a series of
transactions, amalgamate or consolidate with or merge into any other Person, or
permit any other Person to amalgamate or consolidate with or merge into the
Corporation, or directly or indirectly transfer, sell, lease or otherwise
dispose of all or substantially all of its property or assets (a "disposition")
to any Person, but may do so if:

     (a)  the Corporation shall be the surviving Person, or the Person (if other
than the Corporation) formed by such amalgamation, consolidation or into which
the Corporation is merged or that acquires by disposition all or substantially
all of the properties or assets of the Corporation shall expressly assume, by a
supplemental indenture executed and delivered to the Trustee in form
satisfactory to the Trustee, all of the Corporation's obligations under this
Indenture and the Debentures (the Corporation or such other Person who becomes
such a successor obligor under this Indenture being herein referred to as the
"Successor Person");

     (b)  such transaction will, to the satisfaction of Counsel to the Trustee,
acting reasonably, be upon such terms as substantially to preserve and not
impair in any material respect the rights and powers of the Trustee or of the
Debentureholders hereunder; and

     (c)  no condition or event shall exist in respect of the Corporation or the
Successor Person, either at the time of such transaction or immediately
thereafter after giving full effect

<PAGE>

                                      -53-

thereto, which constitutes or would, after the giving of notice or the lapse
of time or both, constitute an Event of Default hereunder.

9.2       Vesting of Powers in Successor
          ------------------------------

          Whenever the conditions of section 9.1 have been duly observed and
performed, the Trustee shall execute and deliver the supplemental indenture
provided for in Article 13 and thereupon:

     (a)  the Successor Person shall possess and from time to time may exercise
each and every right and power of the Corporation under this Indenture in the
name of the Corporation or otherwise, and any act or proceeding by any provision
of this Indenture required to be done or performed by any Directors or officers
of the Corporation may be done and performed with like force and effect by the
like directors or officers of such Successor Person; and

     (b)  the Corporation shall be released and discharged from liability under
this Indenture and the Trustee may execute such documents which it may be
advised are necessary or advisable for effecting or evidencing such release and
discharge.

                                   ARTICLE 10
                          MEETINGS OF DEBENTUREHOLDERS

10.1      Right to Convene Meetings
          -------------------------

          The Trustee may at any time and from time to time and shall, on
receipt of a Written Request of the Corporation or a Debentureholders' Request
and receipt of sufficient funds and upon being indemnified to its reasonable
satisfaction by the Corporation or by the Debentureholders signing such
Debentureholders' Request against the costs which may be incurred in connection
with the calling and holding of such meeting, convene a meeting of the
Debentureholders. If the Trustee fails within 30 days after receipt of such
Written Request of the Corporation or Debentureholders' Request and such
indemnity to give notice convening a meeting, the Corporation or such
Debentureholders, as the case may be, may convene such meeting. Every such
meeting shall be held in the City of Toronto or at such other place as may be
approved or determined by the Trustee.

10.2      Notice of Meetings
          ------------------

          Subject to section 10.12, at least 21 days' notice of any meeting
shall be given to Debentureholders and a copy thereof shall, be sent by mail to
the Trustee unless the meeting has been called by it and to the Corporation
unless the meeting has been called by it. Such notice shall state the time when
and the place where the meeting is to be held and shall state briefly the
general nature of the business to be transacted thereat, but it shall not be
necessary for any such notice to set out the terms of any resolution to be
proposed at the meeting or any of the provisions of this Article 10.

<PAGE>

                                      -54-

10.3      Chairman
          --------

          An individual, who need not be a Debentureholder, nominated in writing
by the Trustee shall be chairman of the meeting and if no individual is so
nominated or if the individual so nominated is unable or unwilling to act or if
the individual so nominated is not present within 15 minutes from the time fixed
for the holding of the meeting, the Debentureholders present in person or by
proxy shall choose an individual present to be chairman.

10.4      Quorum
          ------

          At any meeting of the Debentureholders other than a meeting convened
for the purpose of considering a resolution proposed to be passed as an
Extraordinary Resolution, as to which the provisions of section 10.12 shall be
applicable, a quorum shall consist of Debentureholders present in person or by
proxy and representing at least 15% in principal amount of the outstanding
Debentures. If a quorum of the Debentureholders shall not be present within 30
minutes from the time fixed for holding any such meeting, the meeting, if
convened by the Debentureholders or pursuant to a Debentureholder's Request,
shall be dissolved; but in any other case the meeting shall be adjourned to be
reconvened on the same day in the next week (unless such day is not a Business
Day, in which case it shall be adjourned to be reconvened on the next Business
Day following such day) at the same time and place, to the extent possible. At
the reconvened meeting, the Debentureholders present in person or by proxy shall
form a quorum and may transact the business for which the meeting was originally
convened notwithstanding that they may not represent 15% of the principal amount
of the outstanding Debentures. No business shall be transacted at any meeting
unless the required quorum is present at the commencement of the meeting.

10.5      Power to Adjourn
          ----------------

          The chairman of any meeting at which a quorum of the Debentureholders
is present may, with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Debentures represented thereat, adjourn any such meeting and no
notice of such adjournment need be given except such notice, if any, as the
meeting may prescribe.

10.6      Show of Hands
          -------------

          Every question submitted to a meeting shall be decided in the first
place by a majority of the votes given on a show of hands except that votes on
Extraordinary Resolutions shall be given in the manner hereinafter provided. At
such meeting, unless a poll is duly demanded as herein provided, a declaration
by the chairman that a resolution has been carried or carried unanimously or by
a particular majority or lost or not carried by a particular majority shall be
conclusive evidence of the fact.

10.7      Poll
          ----

          On every Extraordinary Resolution, and on any other question submitted
to a meeting, when demanded by the chairman or by one or more Debentureholders
and/or proxies for Debentureholders holding at least 5% of the principal amount
of the Debentures represented thereat, a poll shall be taken in such manner as
the chairman shall direct. Questions other than

<PAGE>

                                      -55-

Extraordinary Resolutions shall, if a poll is taken, be decided by the votes of
the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Debentures represented at
the meeting and voted on the poll.

10.8      Voting
          ------

          On a show of hands, every Person who is present and entitled to vote,
whether as a Debentureholder or as proxy, shall have one vote. On a poll, each
Debentureholder present in person or represented by a duly appointed proxy shall
be entitled to one vote in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of Debentures
of which he shall then be the Holder. A proxy need not be a Debentureholder. In
the case of joint registered Holders of a Debenture, any one of them present in
person or by proxy at the meeting may vote in the absence of the other or
others; but in case more than one of them are present in person or by proxy,
they shall vote together in respect of the Debentures of which they are joint
registered Holders.

10.9      Regulations
          -----------

          The Trustee or the Corporation, with the approval of the Trustee, may
from time to time make and from time to time vary such regulations as it shall
from time to time think fit providing for:

     (a)  voting by proxy and the form of the instrument appointing a proxy
(which shall be in writing) and the manner in which the same shall be executed
and for the production of the authority of any Person signing on behalf of a
Debentureholder;

     (b)  the deposit of instruments appointing proxies at such place as the
Trustee, the Corporation or the Debentureholders convening a particular meeting,
as the case may be, may in the notice convening the meeting direct and the time,
if any, before the holding of the meeting or any adjournment thereof by which
the same shall be deposited; and

     (c)  the deposit of instruments appointing proxies at some approved place
or places other than the place at which a particular meeting is to be held and
enabling particulars of instruments appointing proxies to be mailed, telecopied
or electronically transmitted before the meeting to the Corporation or to the
Trustee at the place where the same is to be held and for the voting of proxies
so deposited as though the instruments themselves were produced at the meeting.

          Any regulations so made shall be binding and effective and the votes
given in accordance therewith shall be valid and shall be counted. Save as
herein provided or as such regulations may provide, the only Persons who shall
be recognized at any meeting of the holders of any Debentures, or as entitled to
vote or be present at the meeting in respect thereof, shall be Debentureholders
and Persons whom Debentureholders have duly appointed as their proxies.

10.10     Corporation and Trustee May Be Represented
          ------------------------------------------

          The Corporation and the Trustee, by their respective officers,
directors and employees, and the legal advisors of the Corporation and the
Trustee may attend any meeting of the Debentureholders, but shall have no vote
as such.

<PAGE>

                                      -56-

10.11     Powers Exercisable by Extraordinary Resolution
          ----------------------------------------------

          In addition to the powers conferred upon them by any other provisions
of this Indenture or by law, a meeting of the Debentureholders shall have the
following powers which, subject to approval of the TSE, shall be exercisable
from time to time by Extraordinary Resolution:

     (a)  power to approve any change whatsoever in any of the provisions of
this Indenture or the Debentures and any modification, abrogation, alteration,
compromise or arrangement of the rights of the Debentureholders and/or (subject
to the prior consent of the Trustee) the Trustee against the Corporation or
against its undertaking, property and assets or any part thereof, whether such
rights arise under this Indenture or the Debentures or otherwise;

     (b)  power to approve any scheme for the reconstruction or reorganization
of the Corporation or for the consolidation, amalgamation or merger of the
Corporation with any other corporation or for the selling or leasing of the
undertaking, property and assets of the Corporation or any part thereof,
provided that no such approval shall be necessary in respect of any such
transaction if the provisions of Article 9 shall have been complied with;

     (c)  power to direct or authorize the Trustee to exercise any power, right,
remedy or authority given to it by this Indenture or the Debentures in any
manner specified in such Extraordinary Resolution or to refrain from exercising
any such power, right, remedy or authority;

     (d)  power to waive and direct the Trustee to waive any default or Event of
Default hereunder and/or cancel any declaration made by the Trustee pursuant to
section 7.3, in each case either unconditionally or upon any conditions
specified in such Extraordinary Resolution;

     (e)  power to restrain any Debentureholder from taking or instituting any
suit, action or proceeding for the purpose of enforcing payment of the principal
amount of or interest on any Debenture, or for the execution of any trust or
power hereunder;

     (f)  power to direct any Debentureholder who, as such, has brought any
action, suit or proceeding, to stay or discontinue or otherwise deal with the
same in the manner directed by such Extraordinary Resolution upon payment, if
the taking of such action, suit or proceeding shall have been permitted by
section 7.6, of the costs, charges and expenses reasonably and properly incurred
by such Debentureholder in connection therewith;

     (g)  power to appoint a committee to consult with the Trustee (and to
remove any committee so appointed) and to delegate to such committee (subject to
such limitation, if any, as may be prescribed in such Extraordinary Resolution)
all or any of the powers which the Debentureholders may exercise by
Extraordinary Resolution under this section 10.11; the Extraordinary Resolution
making such appointment may provide for payment of the expenses and
disbursements of and compensation to such committee and the Trustee; such
committee shall consist of such number of individuals (who need not be
Debentureholders) as shall be prescribed in the Extraordinary Resolution
appointing it; subject to the Extraordinary Resolution appointing it, every such
committee may elect its chairman and may make regulations respecting its quorum,
the calling of its meetings, the filling of vacancies occurring in its number,
the manner

<PAGE>

                                      -57-

in which it may act and its procedure generally and such regulations may provide
that the committee may act at a meeting at which such quorum is present or may
act by resolution signed in one or more counterparts by a majority of the
members thereof or the number of members thereof necessary to constitute a
quorum, whichever is the greater; all acts of any such committee within the
authority delegated to it shall be binding upon all Debentureholders;

     (h)  power to agree to any compromise or arrangement with any creditor or
creditors or any class or classes of creditors, whether secured or otherwise,
and with holders of any shares or other securities of the Corporation;

     (i)  power to authorize the distribution in specie of any shares, bonds,
debentures or other securities or obligations and/or cash or other consideration
received or the use or disposition of the whole or any part of such shares,
bonds, debentures or other securities or obligations and/or cash or other
consideration in such manner and for such purpose as may be considered advisable
and specified in such Extraordinary Resolution;

     (j)  power to approve the exchange of the Debentures for or the conversion
thereof into shares, bonds, debentures or other securities or obligations of the
Corporation or of any corporation formed or to be formed;

     (k)  power to remove the Trustee from office and to appoint a new Trustee
or Trustees; and

     (l)  power to amend, alter or repeal any Extraordinary Resolution
previously passed or approved by the Debentureholders or by any committee
appointed pursuant to subsection 10.11(g).

10.12     Meaning of "Extraordinary Resolution"
          -------------------------------------

     (a)  The expression "Extraordinary Resolution" when used in this Indenture
means, subject as hereinafter provided in this Article 10, a resolution proposed
to be passed as an Extraordinary Resolution at a meeting of Debentureholders
duly convened for the purpose and held in accordance with the provisions of this
Article 10 at which the Holders of more than 25% of the principal amount of the
Debentures then outstanding are present in person or by proxy and passed by the
favourable votes of the holders of not less than 66 2/3 % of the principal
amount of Debentures represented at the meeting and voted on a poll upon such
resolution.

     (b)  If at any such meeting, the holders of more than 25% of the principal
amount of the Debentures then outstanding are not present in person or by proxy
within 30 minutes after the time appointed for the meeting, then the meeting, if
convened by the Debentureholders or pursuant to a Debentureholder's Request,
shall be dissolved; but in any other case it may, at the option of the
Corporation, be adjourned to such date, being not less than 21 nor more than 60
days later, and to such place and time as may be appointed by the chairman. Not
less than ten days' notice shall be given to Debentureholders of the time and
place of such adjourned meeting in the manner provided in Article 11. Such
notice shall state that at the adjourned meeting the Debentureholders present in
person or by proxy shall form a quorum, but, it shall not be necessary to set
forth the purposes for which the meeting was originally called or any other
particulars. At the adjourned meeting, the Debentureholders present in person or
by proxy shall

<PAGE>

form a quorum and may transact the business for which the meeting was
originally convened and a resolution proposed at such adjourned meeting and
passed in accordance with subsection 10.12(a) shall be an Extraordinary
Resolution within the meaning of this Indenture notwithstanding that the holders
of more than 25% of the principal amount of the Debentures then outstanding are
not present in person or by proxy of such adjourned meeting.

     (c)  Votes on an Extraordinary Resolution shall always be given on a poll
and no demand for a poll on an Extraordinary Resolution shall be necessary.

10.13     Powers Cumulative
          -----------------

          It is hereby declared and agreed that any one or more of the powers
and/or combination of the powers in this Indenture stated to be exercisable by
the Debentureholders by Extraordinary Resolution or otherwise may be exercised
from time to time and the exercise of any one or more of such powers or any
combination of powers from time to time shall not be deemed to exhaust the right
of the Debentureholders to exercise the same or any other power or powers or
combination of powers thereafter from time to time.

10.14     Minutes
          -------

          Minutes of all resolutions and proceedings at every meeting of
Debentureholders shall be made and duly entered in books to be provided for that
purpose by the Trustee at the expense of the Corporation, and any such minutes,
if signed by the chairman of the meeting at which such resolutions were passed
or proceedings taken, or by the chairman of the next succeeding meeting of the
Debentureholders, shall be prima facie evidence of the matters therein stated
and, until the contrary is proved, every such meeting, in respect of the
proceedings of which minutes shall have been made, shall be deemed to have been
duly held and convened, and all resolutions passed or proceedings taken thereat
to have been duly passed and taken.

10.15     Signed Instruments
          ------------------

          Any action which may be taken and any power which may be exercised by
the Debentureholders at a meeting held as hereinbefore in this Article 10
provided may also be taken and exercised by the Holders of not less than 66 2/3%
of the principal amount of the outstanding Debentures by a signed instrument and
the expression "Extraordinary Resolution" when used in this Indenture shall
include an instrument so signed. Notice of any Extraordinary Resolution passed
in accordance with this section 10.15 shall be given by the Trustee to the
Debentureholders within 30 days of the date on which such Extraordinary
Resolution was passed.

10.16     Binding Effect of Resolutions
          -----------------------------

          Every resolution and every Extraordinary Resolution passed in
accordance with the provisions of this Article 10 at a meeting of
Debentureholders shall be binding upon all the Debentureholders, whether present
at or absent from such meeting, and every instrument signed by Debentureholders
in accordance with section 10.15 shall be binding upon all

<PAGE>

                                      -59-

Debentureholders, whether signatories thereto or not, and each and every
Debentureholder and the Trustee (subject to the provisions for its funding and
indemnity herein contained) shall be bound to give effect to every such
resolution, Extraordinary Resolution and instrument.

10.17     Evidence of Rights of Debentureholders
          --------------------------------------

          Any request, direction, notice, consent or other instrument which this
Indenture may require or permit to be signed or executed by the Debentureholders
may be in any number of concurrent instruments of similar tenor and may be
signed or executed by such Debentureholders in person or by attorney duly
appointed in writing. Proof of the execution of any such request, direction,
notice, consent or other instrument or of a writing appointing any such attorney
shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture if made in the following
manner, namely, the fact and date of the execution by any Person of such
request, direction, notice, consent or other instrument or writing may be proved
by the certificate of any notary public, or other officer authorized to take
acknowledgements of deeds to be recorded at the place where such certificate is
made, that the Person signing such request, direction, notice, consent or other
instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof, or by an
affidavit of a witness of such execution or in any other manner which the
Trustee may consider adequate.

The Trustee may, nevertheless, in its discretion require further proof in cases
where it considers further proof necessary or desirable or may accept such other
proof as it shall consider proper.

                                   ARTICLE 11
                                     NOTICES

11.1      Notice to the Corporation
          -------------------------

          Any notice to the Corporation under the provisions of this Indenture
shall be valid and effective if delivered personally or by telecopy to, or
subject to section 11.4, if given by registered mail, postage prepaid, addressed
to the Corporation at 25821 Industrial Boulevard, Hawyard, California 94545,
Attention: Chief Executive Officer, Telecopier No. (510) 780-5401 and shall be
deemed to have been given on the date of delivery personally or by telecopy if
so delivered prior to 5:00 p.m. (Toronto time) on a Business Day and otherwise
on the next Business Day or on the fifth Business Day after such letter has been
mailed, as the case may be. The Corporation may from time to time notify the
Trustee of a change in address which thereafter, until changed by further
notice, shall be the address of the Corporation for all purposes of this
Indenture.

11.2      Notice to Debentureholders
          --------------------------

          Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all notices to be given
hereunder to one or more Debentureholders shall be valid and effective if such
notice is delivered personally or, subject to section 11.4, sent by first class
mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such Holders at their post office addresses
appearing in any of the registers hereinbefore mentioned, or sent by telecopier
to such Holders at the telecopier number appearing in any of the registers
hereinbefore mentioned. Any notice delivered or sent by mail shall be deemed to
have been given on the day upon which it is delivered or mailed, as the case may
be, and any notice

<PAGE>
                                      -60-

transmitted by telecopier shall be deemed to have been given on a day if
transmitted prior to 5:00 p.m., (local time) on such day. Any accidental error,
omission or failure in giving or in delivering, mailing or transmitting by
telecopier any such notice or the non-receipt of any such notice by any
Debentureholder or Holders shall not invalidate or otherwise prejudicially
affect any action or proceeding founded thereon.

11.3      Notice to the Trustee
          ---------------------

          Any notice to the Trustee under the provisions of this Indenture shall
be valid and effective if delivered personally or by telecopy to, or, subject to
section 11.4, if given by registered mail, postage prepaid, addressed to, the
Trustee at Computershare Trust Company of Canada, 100 University Avenue, 11th
Floor, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario, M5J 2Y1, Facsimile: (416) 981-9777, and
shall be deemed to have been given on the date of delivery personally or by
telecopy if so delivered prior to 5:00 p.m. (local time) on a Business Day and
otherwise on the next Business Day, or on the fifth Business Day after such
letter has been mailed, as the case may be. The Trustee may from time to time
notify the Corporation of a change in address which thereafter, until changed by
further notice, shall be the address of the Trustee for all purposes of this
Indenture.

11.4      Mail Service Interruption
          -------------------------

          If the Trustee determines that mail service is or is threatened to be
interrupted at the time when the Trustee is required or elects to give any
notice to the Debentureholders hereunder, the Trustee shall, notwithstanding the
provisions hereof, give such notice at the Corporation's expense by means of
publication in the Globe and Mail or National Post, national edition, or any
other English language daily newspaper or newspapers of general circulation in
Canada and in a French language daily newspaper of general circulation in the
Province of Quebec, once in each of two successive weeks and any notice so
published shall be deemed to have been given on the latest date on which the
publication takes place.

          If by reason of any actual or threatened interruption of mail service
due to strike, lock-out or otherwise, any notice to be given to the Corporation
or to the Trustee would be unlikely to reach its destination in a timely manner,
such notice shall be valid and effective only if delivered personally or by
telecopy in accordance with section 11.1 or 11.3, as the case may be.

                                   ARTICLE 12
                             CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

12.1      Trust Indenture Legislation
          ---------------------------

     (a)  In this Indenture, the term "Indenture Legislation" means the
provisions, if any, of the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) and any other
statute of Canada or a province thereof, and of the regulations under any such
statute, relating to trust indentures and to the rights, duties and obligations
of trustees under trust indentures and of corporations issuing debt obligations
under trust indentures, to the extent that such provisions are at the time in
force and applicable to this Indenture or the Corporation or the Trustee.

<PAGE>
                                     -61-

     (b)  If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits,
qualifies or conflicts with a mandatory requirement of Indenture Legislation,
such mandatory requirement shall prevail.

     (c)  At all times in relation to this Indenture and any action to be taken
hereunder, the Corporation and the Trustee each shall observe and comply with
Indenture Legislation and the Corporation, the Trustee and each Debentureholder
shall be entitled to the benefits of Indenture Legislation.

12.2      No Conflict of Interest
          -----------------------

          The Trustee represents to the Corporation that at the date of the
execution and delivery of this Indenture there exists no material conflict of
interest in the role of the Trustee as a fiduciary hereunder. If at any time a
material conflict of interest exists in the Trustee's role as a fiduciary
hereunder, the Trustee shall, within 90 days after it becomes aware that such a
material conflict, of interest exists, either eliminate the same or else resign
from the trusts hereunder by giving notice in writing to the Corporation at
least 21 days prior to such resignation and shall upon such resignation becoming
effective be discharged from all further duties and liabilities hereunder. If
any such material conflict of interest exists or hereafter shall exist, the
validity and enforceability of this Indenture and the Debentures shall not be
affected in any manner whatsoever by reason thereof.

12.3      Rights and Duties of Trustee
          ----------------------------

     (a)  In the exercise of the rights and duties prescribed or conferred by
the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee shall act honestly and in good faith
with a view to the best interests of the Debentureholders as a whole and
exercise that degree of care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent
trustee would exercise in comparable circumstances.

     (b)  The obligation of the Trustee to commence or continue any act, action
or proceeding for the purpose of enforcing any rights of the Trustee or the
Debentureholders hereunder shall be conditional upon the Debentureholders
furnishing, when required by notice in writing by the Trustee, sufficient funds
to commence or continue such act, action or proceeding and indemnity reasonably
satisfactory to the Trustee to protect and hold harmless the Trustee against the
costs, charges, expenses and liabilities to be incurred thereby and any loss and
damage it may suffer by reason thereof. None of the provisions contained in this
Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise
incur financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the
exercise of any of its rights or powers unless funded and indemnified as
aforesaid.

     (c)  The Trustee may, before commencing or at any time during the
continuance of any such act, action or proceeding, require the Debentureholders
at whose instance it is acting to deposit with the Trustee the Debentures held
by them, for which Debentures the Trustee shall issue receipts.

     (d)  Every provision of this Indenture that by its terms relieves the
Trustee of liability or entitles it to rely upon any evidence submitted to it is
subject to the provisions of the Indenture Legislation, this section 12.3 and
section 12.4.

<PAGE>

                                      -62-

     (e)  In determining who is a U.S. Person, the Trustee may rely and shall be
protected in relying solely upon the registered address of the Debentureholder
or Common Share holder in the case that the Debenture has been converted or the
address of the transferee as indicated on the form of transfer or conversion for
the Debentures in question, as applicable, for all purposes.

     (f)  The Trustee shall not be bound to give any notice or do or take any
act, action or proceeding by virtue of the powers conferred on it hereby unless
and until it shall have been required so to do under the terms hereof

12.4      Evidence, Experts and Adviser
          -----------------------------

     (a)  In addition to the reports, certificates, opinions, statutory
declarations and other evidence required by this Indenture, the Corporation
shall furnish to the Trustee such additional evidence of compliance with any
provisions hereof, and in such form as may be prescribed by the Indenture
Legislation or as the Trustee may reasonably require by written notice to the
Corporation.

     (b)  The Trustee shall be protected in acting and relying upon any written
notice, request, waiver, consent, certificate, receipt, statutory declaration,
opinion, report or other paper or document furnished to it, not only as to its
due execution and the validity and the effectiveness of its provisions, but also
as to the truth, acceptability and accuracy of any information therein contained
which it in good faith believes to be genuine and what it purports to be.

     (c)  The Trustee may employ or retain such counsel, auditors, accountants,
agents, appraisers, brokers or other experts or advisers, whose qualifications
give authority to any advice, opinion or report made by them, as it may
reasonably require for the purpose of determining and discharging its duties
hereunder and shall not be responsible for any misconduct on the part of any of
them and the Trustee may act and rely and shall be protected in acting and
relying in good faith on the opinion or advice of or information obtained from
any Counsel, auditors, accountants appraisers, brokers or other experts or
advisors whether retained or employed by the Corporation or by the Trustee, in
relation to any matter arising in the administration of the trusts hereof. The
fees of such counsel or other experts will be treated as part of the Trustee's
fees hereunder.

12.5      Certificate, etc., of the Corporation as Evidence
          -------------------------------------------------

          Except as otherwise specifically provided or prescribed by this
Indenture, whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture
the Trustee shall deem necessary or desirable that the matter be approved or
established prior to taking or admitting any action hereunder, the Trustee, if
acting in good faith, may rely and act upon a Certificate of the Corporation,
Written Order of the Corporation, Written Request of the Corporation or Written
Direction of the Corporation.

12.6      Trustee May Deal in Debentures
          ------------------------------

          Subject to section 12.3, the Trustee and its Affiliates may buy, sell,
lend upon and deal in the Debentures or other securities of the Corporation,
either with the Corporation or

<PAGE>

                                      -63-

otherwise, and generally contract and enter into financial transactions with the
Corporation or otherwise, without being liable to account for any profits made
thereby.

12.7      Trustee Not Required to Give Security
          -------------------------------------

          The Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or security in
respect of the execution of the trusts and powers of this Indenture or otherwise
in respect of this Indenture.

12.8      Trustee Not to Be Appointed Receiver
          ------------------------------------

          The Trustee and any Person related to the Trustee shall not be
appointed a receiver or receiver and manager or liquidator of all or any part of
the assets or undertaking of the Corporation.

12.9      Protection of Trustee
          ---------------------

          By way of supplement to the provisions of any law for the time being
relating to trustees, it is expressly declared and addressed as follows:

     (a)  the Trustee and its directors, officers, employees and agents will at
all times be indemnified and saved harmless by the Corporation from and against
all claims, demands, losses, actions, causes of action, costs, charges,
expenses, damages and liabilities whatsoever arising in connection with this
Indenture, including, without limitation, those arising out of or related to
actions taken or omitted to be taken by the Trustee contemplated hereby, legal
fees and disbursements on a solicitor and client basis, and costs and expenses
incurred in connection with the enforcement of this indemnity, which the Trustee
may suffer or incur, whether at law or in equity, in any way caused by or
arising, directly or indirectly, in respect of any act, deed, matter or thing
whatsoever made, done, acquiesced in or omitted in or about or in relation to
the execution of its duties as Trustee. The foregoing provisions of this
subsection do not apply to the extent that in any circumstances there has been a
failure by the Trustee or its employees to act honestly and in good faith or
where the Trustee or its employees have acted negligently or in willful
disregard of the Trustee's obligations hereunder or shall not have complied with
subsection 12.3(a). This indemnity shall survive resignation or removal of the
Trustee and the discharge of this Indenture;

     (b)  the Trustee shall not be liable for or by reason of any statements of
fact or recitals in this Indenture or in the Debentures (except the
representation contained in sections 12.2 and 12.13 and in the certificate of
the Trustee on the Debentures) or required to verify the same, but all such
statements or recitals are and shall be deemed to be made by the Corporation;

     (c)  nothing herein contained shall impose any obligation on the Trustee to
see to or to require evidence of the registration or filing (or renewal thereof)
of this Indenture or any instrument ancillary or supplemental hereto;

     (d)  the Trustee shall not be bound to give notice to any Person of the
execution hereof;

<PAGE>

                                      -64-

     (e)  the Trustee shall not incur any liability or responsibility whatever
or be in any way responsible for the consequence of any breach on the part of
the Corporation or any of the covenants herein contained or of any acts of the
agents of the Corporation;

     (f)  notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee
shall have no obligation to transfer any Debentures unless provided with such
documents as it deems satisfactory, acting reasonably;

     (g)  the Trustee shall incur no liability with regard to the delivery or
non-delivery of any certificate, whether delivered by hand, mail or other means;

     (h)  the Trustee shall disburse moneys according to this Indenture only to
the extent that moneys have been deposited with it. The Trustee shall incur no
liability for moneys deposited otherwise than with the Trustee; and

     (i)  the Trustee shall not be responsible for ensuring that the proceeds of
the Debenture issuance are used in the manner contemplated in the (final)
prospectus qualifying the distribution of the Debentures under applicable
securities laws of the provinces of Canada.

12.10     Investment of Trust Moneys
          --------------------------

          Unless otherwise provided in this Indenture, any moneys held by the
Trustee, which under the trusts of this Indenture may or ought to be invested or
which may be on deposit with the Trustee or which may be in the hands of the
Trustee, shall be invested and reinvested in the name or under the control of
the Trustee as directed in writing by the Corporation in Authorized Investments.
Pending such investment such moneys may be placed by the Trustee on deposit in a
chartered bank in Canada or with its own deposit department. The Trustee shall
allow interest at the current rate for similar deposits on moneys remaining on
deposit with it and, provided that the Corporation is not in default hereunder,
shall credit the Corporation with interest received on moneys deposited with
other depositories and on all moneys invested as provided in this section 12.10.

          Any direction by the Corporation to the Trustee as to investment or
reinvestment of funds shall be in writing and shall be provided to the Trustee
no later than 9:00 a.m. (Toronto time) on the day on which the investment is to
be made. Any such direction received after 9:00 a.m. (Toronto time) or received
on a non-Business Day, shall be deemed to have been given prior to 9:00 a.m.
(Toronto time) the next Business Day.

12.11     Action by Trustee to Protect Interests
          --------------------------------------

          The Trustee shall have the power to institute and maintain all and any
such actions, suits or proceedings as it may consider necessary or expedient to
preserve, protect or enforce its interests and the interests of the
Debentureholders.

12.12     Replacement of Trustee
          ----------------------

          The Trustee may resign from the trusts hereunder and thereupon be
discharged from all further duties and liabilities hereunder by giving to the
Corporation 60 days' notice in

<PAGE>

                                      -65-

writing or such shorter notice as the Corporation may accept as sufficient. The
Debentureholders by Extraordinary Resolution shall have power at any time to
remove the Trustee and to appoint a new trustee hereunder. In the event of the
Trustee resigning or being removed as aforesaid or being dissolved, becoming
bankrupt, going into liquidation or otherwise becoming incapable of acting
hereunder, the Corporation shall forthwith appoint a new trustee hereunder
unless a new trustee has already been appointed by the Debentureholders; failing
such appointment by the Corporation, the retiring trustee hereunder (at the
expense of the Corporation) or any Debentureholder may apply to a Judge of the
Ontario Superior Court of Justice, on such notice as such Judge may direct, for
the appointment of a new trustee hereunder; but any trustee so appointed by the
Corporation or by the Court shall be subject to removal as aforesaid by the
Debentureholders. Any new trustee hereunder appointed under any provision of
this section 12.12 shall be a corporation authorized and qualified to carry on
the business of a trust company in the Province of Ontario and every other
jurisdiction where such authorization or qualification is necessary to enable it
to act as trustee hereunder, shall certify that it will not have any material
conflict of interest upon becoming trustee hereunder, and shall accept the
trusts herein declared and provided for. On any new appointment, the new trustee
shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if
it had been originally named herein as Trustee.

          Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or with which it
may be consolidated or amalgamated, or any corporation resulting from any
merger, consolidation or amalgamation to which the Trustee shall be a party or
any corporation which acquires all or substantially all of the corporate trust
business of the Trustee, shall be the successor trustee under this Indenture
without the necessity of the execution of any instrument or any further act.

          Upon the written request of the successor trustee or of the
Corporation, the Trustee ceasing to act shall, subject to the payment of its
outstanding remuneration and expenses, execute and deliver an instrument
assigning and transferring to such successor trustee, upon the trusts herein
expressed, all the rights, powers and trusts of the Trustee so ceasing to act,
and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver all property and money held by such
Trustee to the successor trustee so appointed in its place. Should any deed,
conveyance or instrument in writing from the Corporation be required by any new
trustee for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to it such
estates, properties, rights, powers and trusts, then any and all such deeds,
conveyances and instruments in writing shall on request of such new trustee be
made, executed, acknowledged and delivered by the Corporation.

12.13     Authority to Carry on Business
          ------------------------------

          The Trustee represents to the Corporation that at the date of
execution and delivery by it of this Indenture, it is authorized to carry on the
business of a trust company in the Province of Ontario but if, notwithstanding
the provisions of this section, it ceases to be so authorized to carry on
business, the validity and enforceability of this Indenture and the Debentures
issued hereunder shall not be affected in any manner whatsoever by reason only
of such event but the Trustee shall, within 90 days after ceasing to be
authorized to carry on the business of a trust company in the Province of
Ontario, either become so authorized or resign in the manner/and with the effect
specified in section 12.12.

<PAGE>

                                      -66-

12.14     Acceptance of Trusts
          --------------------

          The Trustee accepts the trusts in this Indenture declared and provided
for and agrees to perform the same upon the terms and conditions herein set
forth and in trust for the various Persons who shall from time to time be
Debentureholders, subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth.

                                   ARTICLE 13
                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

13.1      Supplemental Indentures
          -----------------------

          From time to time the Trustee may and, when authorized by a resolution
of the Directors, the Corporation may and they shall, when required by this
Indenture, execute, acknowledge and deliver, by their proper officers, deeds or
indentures supplemental hereto, which thereafter shall form part hereof, for any
one or more of the following purposes:

     (a)  adding to the provisions hereof such additional covenants of the
Corporation, enforcement provisions and other provisions for the protection of
the Debentureholders and/or providing for events of default in addition to those
herein specified;

     (b)  making such provisions not inconsistent with this Indenture as may be
necessary or desirable with respect to matters, or questions arising hereunder,
including the making of any modifications in the form of the Debentures which do
not affect the substance thereof and which, in the opinion of the Trustee, it
may be expedient to make, provided that the Trustee shall be of the opinion that
such provisions and modifications will not be materially prejudicial to its
interests or those of the Debentureholders;

     (c)  evidencing the succession, or successive successions of other
corporations to the Corporation and the covenants of and obligations assumed by
any such successor in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture;

     (d)  giving effect to any Extraordinary Resolution passed as provided in
Article 10;

     (e)  making any modification of any of the provisions of this Indenture or
the Debentures which are of a formal, minor or technical nature provided that,
in the opinion of the Trustee, the rights of the Trustee and the
Debentureholders are in no way materially prejudiced thereby;

     (f)  making any additions to, deletions from or alterations of the
provisions of this Indenture (including any of the terms and conditions of the
Debentures) which, in the opinion of Counsel to the Trustee, are not materially
prejudicial to the interests of the Debentureholders and which are necessary or
advisable in order to incorporate, reflect or comply with the Indenture
Legislation;

     (g)  adding to or altering the provisions hereof in respect of the transfer
of Debentures, including provision for the exchange of Debentures of different
denominations, and

<PAGE>

                                      -67-

making any modification in the form of the Debentures which does not affect the
substance thereof and which, in the opinion of the Trustee, is not materially
prejudicial to the interests of the Debentureholders;

     (h)  correcting or rectifying any ambiguities, defective provisions, errors
or omissions herein, provided that, in the opinion of Counsel to the Trustee,
the rights of the Trustee and the Debentureholders are in no way materially
prejudiced thereby;

     (i)  to evidence and provide for the acceptance or appointment hereunder by
a successor Trustee pursuant to the requirements of section 12.12; and

     (j)  any other purpose not inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture
provided that, in the opinion of the Trustee, the rights of the Trustee and of
the Debentureholders are in no way materially prejudiced thereby.

          Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trustee shall not be required to
enter into any such deed or indenture which increases its duties or
responsibilities or affect its rights hereunder without its consent.

                                   ARTICLE 14
                             STOCK EXCHANGE APPROVAL

14.1      Stock Exchange Approval
          -----------------------

          No amendment to the terms of this Indenture by supplement or otherwise
shall be made without the prior written consent of the TSE.

                                   ARTICLE 15
                                   EXECUTION

15.1      Counterparts and Formal Date
          ----------------------------

          This Indenture may be executed in several counterparts, each of which
when so executed shall be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts
together shall constitute one and the same instrument and notwithstanding their
date of execution shall be deemed to bear date as of August 30, 2001.

15.2      Language of Indenture
          ---------------------

          The parties hereto have requested that this document be drafted in the
English language.

          Les parties ont demande que le present document soit redige en langue
anglaise.

<PAGE>

                                      -68-

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed by their duly authorized officers as of the day and year first
above written.

                                        CERTICOM CORP.

                                        By: ___________________________________
                                            Authorized Officer

                                        COMPUTERSHARE TRUST
                                        COMPANY OF CANADA

                                        By: ___________________________________
                                            Authorized Officer

                                        By: ___________________________________
                                            Authorized Officer

<PAGE>

                                  SCHEDULE "A"
                                  ------------

                               (Form of Debenture)

No._____________                                                   Cdn$ _______

                                 CERTICOM CORP.
                (organized under the laws of the Yukon Territory)

            7.25% SENIOR CONVERTIBLE UNSECURED SUBORDINATED DEBENTURE
            ---------------------------------------------------------
                               DUE AUGUST 30, 2004
                               -------------------

          FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Certicom Corp. (herein referred to as the
"Corporation") hereby acknowledges itself indebted and promises to pay to
__________________________ the registered holder hereof on the 30th day of
August, 2004, or on such earlier date as the principal hereof may become due in
accordance with the conditions herein set out and with the provisions of the
indenture hereafter mentioned, on presentation and surrender of this Debenture,
at Computershare Trust Company of Canada at its principal office in Toronto,
Ontario, the principal sum of _________________ Dollars ($___________) in lawful
money of Canada and to pay interest from the date hereof on the said principal
at the rate of 7.25% per annum calculated semi-annually and not in advance and
payable semi-annually on August 30 and February 28, commencing on February 28,
2002, (unless this Debenture shall have been previously called for redemption
and payment hereof duly provided for); and should the Corporation at any time
make default in payment of any principal or interest, to pay interest on the
amount in default at the same rate, in like money and semi-annually on the same
dates. As interest on this Debenture becomes due the Corporation shall forward
or cause to be forwarded by prepaid ordinary mail to the holder hereof, or in
the case of joint holders to one of such joint holders (failing written
instructions to the contrary from all such joint holders), at the holder's
registered address a cheque for such interest (less any tax required to be
deducted) payable to the order of such holder, or in the case of joint holders
to all such joint holders (failing written instructions to the contrary from all
such joint holders), and negotiable at par at each of the places at which
interest upon this Debenture is payable. The forwarding of such cheque shall
satisfy and discharge the liability for interest upon this Debenture to the
extent of the sum represented thereby (plus the amount of any tax deducted as
aforesaid) unless such cheque is not paid on presentation.

          All interest accrued and not paid on a Convertible Note exercised into
this Debenture shall be paid in the manner specified herein as if such interest
occurred and was payable on this Debenture on the first interest payment date
following the exercise of such Convertible Note.

          The holder acknowledges that this Debenture may not be transferred
except in compliance with applicable securities laws.

          This Debenture is one of the Debentures designated "7.25% Convertible
Unsecured Subordinated Debentures" (herein referred to as the "Debentures")
issued and to be

<PAGE>

                                   -2-

issued under a convertible debenture trust indenture (herein referred to as the
"Indenture") dated as of August 30, 2001 between the Corporation and
Computershare Trust Company of Canada, as Trustee (hereinafter referred to as
the "Trustee"). The aggregate principal amount of Debentures which may be issued
under the indenture is limited to $13,500,000 in lawful money of Canada, and
Debentures to this aggregate principal amount have been authorized for immediate
issue. Reference is hereby made to the Indenture and all instruments
supplemental thereto for a statement and description of the terms and conditions
upon which the Debentures are issued or may be issued and held and of the rights
and remedies of the holders of the Debentures and of the Corporation and of the
Trustee in respect thereof, all to the same effect as if the provisions of the
Indenture and of all instruments supplemental thereto were herein set forth, to
all of which the holder of this Debenture by acceptance hereof assents. The
Debentures are issuable as fully registered Debentures only in denominations of
Cdn $1,000 and integral multiples thereof.

          This Debenture is a direct obligation of the Corporation ranking for
payment pari passu with all other Debentures and the Convertible Notes. The
Indenture restricts the Corporation from incurring certain additional
indebtedness except as permitted in the Indenture.

          This Debenture and all other Debentures now or hereafter under the
Indenture shall, subject to the terms of this Indenture, be equally and rateably
entitled to the benefit of the Indenture as if all the Debentures had been
issued simultaneously.

          All or any part (being $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof) of this
Debenture is convertible, at the option of the holder hereof, upon surrender of
this Debenture at the principal office of the Trustee in Toronto, Ontario, at
any time up to the Time of Expiry into fully paid and non-assessable common
shares (herein referred to as the "Common Shares") in the capital of the
Corporation (without adjustment for interest accrued hereon or for dividends on
Common Shares issuable upon conversion) at a Conversion Price (as defined in the
Indenture) of $3.85 per Common Share, being a rate of 259.740 Common Shares for
each $1,000 principal amount of Debentures, all subject to the terms and
conditions set forth in the Indenture. The Indenture makes provision for the
adjustment of the Conversion Price in certain events therein specified and for
the giving of notice to Debentureholders of such events.

          The Debentures may be redeemed prior to maturity in whole at any time
on or after August 30, 2003 or in part from time to time, at the option of the
Corporation, on not more than 60 and not less than 30 days' notice upon payment
of the principal amount being repaid plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to
but not including the date fixed for redemption.

          In the event of partial redemption, the holder hereof shall be
entitled to receive, without expense to such holder, a new Debenture for the
unredeemed part of the principal amount of the Debenture.

          The principal hereof may also become or be declared due before stated
maturity on the conditions, in the manner, with the effect and at the times set
forth in the Indenture. Upon presentation at the principal office of the Trustee
in Toronto, Ontario, subject to the provisions of the Indenture and upon
compliance with the reasonable requirements of the Trustee: (1) Debentures of
any denomination may be exchanged for Debentures of any other authorized
denomination of the same aggregate principal amount; and (2) subject to
applicable securities laws, a Debenture may be transferred by the registered
holder thereof or his executors, administrators or other legal representatives
or his or their attorney duly appointed in writing.

<PAGE>

                                      -3-

The Corporation, the Trustee, any registrar and any paying agent may deem and
treat the person in whose name this Debenture is registered as the absolute
owner of this Debenture for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of
the principal hereof and interest due hereon and for all purposes whatsoever and
the Corporation, the Trustee, any registrar and any paying agent shall not be
affected, to the extent permitted by law, by any notice to the contrary.

          The Indenture contains provisions making binding upon all holders of
Debentures outstanding thereunder resolutions passed at meetings of such holders
held in accordance with such provisions and instruments in writing signed by the
holders of a specified percentage of the principal amount of the Debentures
outstanding.

          To the extent the terms and conditions set forth in this Convertible
Debenture Certificate conflict with the terms and conditions of the Indenture,
the Indenture shall prevail. The Corporation will furnish to the holder of this
Convertible Debenture Certificate, upon request and without charge, a copy of
the Indenture.

          This Debenture shall not become obligatory for any purpose until it
shall have been certified by or on behalf of the Trustee for the time being
under the indenture.

          All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein
shall have the meaning attributed to those terms in the Indenture.

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF Certicom Corp. has caused this Debenture to be
signed by its President and Chief Financial Officer as of August 30, 2001.

                                      CERTICOM CORP.

                                      Per:______________________________________
                                           President

                                      Per:______________________________________
                                           Chief Financial Officer

<PAGE>

                          FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE
                          -----------------------------

                              Trustee's Certificate
                              ---------------------

This Debenture is one of the 7.25% Senior Convertible Unsecured Subordinated
Debentures referred to in the Indenture within mentioned.

                                           COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF
                                           CANADA, Trustee

                                           Per:________________________________

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT "A"
                                   -----------

                                CONVERSION NOTICE
                                -----------------

The undersigned holder of the within Debenture, hereby subscribes for
______________ Common Shares of Certicom Corp. (the "Corporation") in conversion
of $_____________of the principal amount and $__________ accrued and unpaid
interest at a conversion price of $3.85 per Common Share in accordance with the
conversion referred to in Article IV of the Indenture according to the
conditions thereof.

ALL SHARE CERTIFICATES ISSUED PRIOR TO AUGUST 30, 2002 , UNLESS A RECEIPT FROM
THE SECURITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF THE PROVINCE IN WHICH THE HOLDER RESIDES
FOR A (FINAL) PROSPECTUS QUALIFYING THE DEBENTURES UPON CONVERSION OF THE
CONVERTIBLE NOTES IS ISSUED PRIOR THERETO, MUST HAVE IMPRINTED ON THEIR FACE THE
FOLLOWING:

          "THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE
          LISTED ON THE TORONTO STOCK EXCHANGE; HOWEVER, THE SAID
          SECURITIES CAN NOT BE TRADED THROUGH THE FACILITIES OF
          SUCH EXCHANGE SINCE THEY ARE NOT FREELY TRANSFERABLE,
          AND CONSEQUENTLY ANY CERTIFICATE REPRESENTING SUCH
          SECURITIES IS NOT `GOOD DELIVERY' IN SETTLEMENT OF
          TRANSACTIONS ON THE TORONTO STOCK EXCHANGE."

DATED at ____________________________,this _____ day of_____________, _____.

                                         _______________________________________
                                               Name of Debenture Holder

                                         _______________________________________
                                                 Authorized Signatory

Registration Instructions:               Delivery Instructions:

_____________________________________    _______________________________________
 Name                                     Account reference, if applicable

_____________________________________    _______________________________________
 Account reference, if applicable         Contact Name

_____________________________________    _______________________________________
 Address                                  Address

                                         _______________________________________
                                          (Telephone Number)

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT "B"
                                   -----------

                    POWER OF ATTORNEY TO TRANSFER DEBENTURES
                    ----------------------------------------

     WHEREAS the undersigned is the registered owner of Cdn $ principal amount
of 7.25% Senior Convertible Unsecured Subordinated Debentures ("Debentures") of
CERTICOM CORP. (the "Corporation") which are issued pursuant to a convertible
debenture trust indenture dated as of August 30, 2001, between Computershare
Trust Company of Canada and the Corporation;

     FOR VALUE RECEIVED the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto

________________________________________________________________________________
                            (Name of transferee)

________________________________________________________________________________
                                  (Address)

     the Debentures

________________________________________________________________________________
    (Description of Security - include principal amount, rate and maturity of
                                  Debentures)

standing in the name of the undersigned on the books of the Company all my
right, title and interest in and to the said Debentures AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY
CONSTITUTES and APPOINTS Computershare Trust Company of Canada the Attorney of
the undersigned to transfer the Debentures with full power of substitution in
the premises.

DATED at ________________________ on _____________________________.

SIGNED in the presence of:

______________________________________     _____________________________________
 (Witness)                                 (name-of~transferor)

SIGNATURE OF TRANSFEROR GUARANTEED BY:

                                           _____________________________________
                                                Name of Debenture Holder

                                           _____________________________________
                                                   Authorized Signatory

Registration Instructions:                  Delivery Instructions:

______________________________________     _____________________________________
 Name                                       Account reference, if applicable

______________________________________     _____________________________________

<PAGE>

                                      -2-

_______________________________________    _____________________________________
 Account reference, if applicable           Contact Name

_______________________________________    _____________________________________
 Address                                    Address

                                           _____________________________________
                                            (Telephone Number)

SIGNATURE GUARANTEE
-------------------

THE SIGNATURE(S) MUST BE GUARANTEED BYA SCHEDULE "A" MAJOR CHARTERED BANK/TRUST
COMPANY, OR A MEMBER OFAN ACCEPTABLE MEDALLION SIGNATURE GUARANTEE PROGRAM. THE
GUARANTOR MUST AFFIX A STAMP BEARING THE ACTUAL WORDS "SIGNATURE GUARANTEED".

* PLEASE NOTE - SIGNATURE GUARANTEES ARE NOT ACCEPTED FROM TREASURY BRANCHES OR
CREDIT UNIONS UNLESS THEY ARE MEMBERS OF THE STAMP MEDALLION PROGRAM<PAGE>

                                                                    EXHIBIT 10.3

                                 CERTICOM CORP.

                                       and

                      COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA

                                   as Trustee

                        ________________________________

                                 TRUST INDENTURE

                        ________________________________

                             7.25% Convertible Notes

                           Dated as of August 30, 2001

<PAGE>

     THIS CONVERTIBLE NOTE INDENTURE is made as of August 30, 2001.

BETWEEN:

          CERTICOM CORP., a corporation continued under the laws
          of the Yukon Territory and having an office in the City
          of Toronto, in the Province of Ontario (hereinafter
          referred to as the "Corporation")

                                      -and-

          COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA, a trust company
          organized under the laws of Canada and having an office
          in the City of Toronto, in the Province of Ontario
          (hereinafter referred to as the "Trustee")

     WHEREAS the Corporation is proposing to issue Convertible Notes in the
manner herein set forth;

     AND WHEREAS each Convertible Note shall entitle the holder thereof to
acquire an aggregate principal amount of Convertible Debentures equal to the
aggregate principal amount represented by such Convertible Note, at no
additional cost and upon the terms and conditions herein set forth;

     AND WHEREAS the Corporation represents to the Trustee that all necessary
resolutions of the Corporation have been duly enacted, passed or confirmed and
all other proceedings taken and conditions complied with to authorize the
execution and delivery of this Indenture and the execution and issue of the
Convertible Notes and to make the same legal and valid and binding on the
Corporation in accordance with the laws applicable to the Corporation;

     AND WHEREAS the Trustee has agreed to act as trustee for the Convertible
Noteholders on the terms and conditions herein set forth;

     AND WHEREAS all acts and deeds necessary have been done and performed to
make the Convertible Notes, when certified by the Trustee and issued as provided
for in this Indenture, legal and valid and binding upon the Corporation with the
benefits and subject to the terms of this Indenture;

     AND WHEREAS the foregoing recitals are made as representations and
statements of fact by the Corporation and not by the Trustee.

     NOW THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that for good and valuable
consideration mutually given and received, the receipt and sufficiency of which
is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

<PAGE>

                                       -3-

                           ARTICLE 1 - INTERPRETATION

1.1  Definitions

     In this Indenture, including the recitals and schedules hereto, and in all
indentures supplemental hereto, the following words and terms shall have the
indicated meanings:

     (a)  "Affiliate" has the meaning ascribed to such term in the Business
          Corporations Act (Ontario);

     (b)  "Applicable Legislation" means the provisions of the Business
          Corporations Act (Ontario), as from time to time amended, and any
          other statute of Canada or a province thereof, and the regulations and
          rules under any such named or other statute, relating to trust
          indentures or to the rights, duties and obligations of trustees and of
          corporations under trust indentures, to the extent that such
          provisions are at the time in force and applicable to this Indenture;

     (c)  "Applicable Securities Law" means, collectively, the applicable
          securities laws of each of the Qualifying Jurisdictions and the
          respective regulations and rules made thereunder together with all
          applicable published policy statements, blanket orders and rulings of
          the Securities Commissions and all discretionary orders or rulings, if
          any, of the Securities Commissions made in connection with the
          transactions contemplated hereunder;

     (d)  "Business Day" means a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or statutory
          holiday in Toronto, Ontario;

     (e)  "Change of Control" means the occurrence of (i) a Person, including
          the Person's Affiliates and Associates, becoming the beneficial owner
          of directly or indirectly, or, exercising control or direction over,
          Common Shares carrying in excess of 50.1% of the total voting rights
          attached to the Common Shares; or (ii) the Corporation consolidating
          or amalgamating with, or merging with or into, another Person or
          selling, assigning, conveying, transferring, leasing or otherwise
          disposing of all or substantially all of its assets to any Person, or
          any Person consolidating or amalgamating with, or merging with or
          into, the Corporation, in any such event pursuant to a transaction in
          which any of the outstanding Common Shares are converted into or
          exchanged for cash, securities or other property, other than any such
          transaction in which the outstanding Common Shares are converted into
          or exchanged for, or the assets of the Corporation are exchanged for,
          voting securities or securities exchangeable at the option of the
          holder into voting securities of the surviving or transferee Person
          constituting a majority of such voting securities (giving effect to
          such issuance and the exercise of any rights to exchange such
          securities into voting securities);

     (f)  "Common Shares" means common shares in the capital of the Corporation;

     (g)  "Contingent Obligation" shall mean, as to any Person, any obligation,
          whether secured or unsecured, of such Person guaranteeing or
          indemnifying, or in effect

<PAGE>

                                       -4-

          guaranteeing or indemnifying, for any indebtedness, leases, dividends,
          letters of credit or other monetary obligations (the "primary
          obligations") of any other Person (the "primary obligor") in any
          manner, whether directly or indirectly, including any obligation of
          such Person as an account party in respect of a letter of credit or
          letter of guarantee issued to assure payment by the primary obligor of
          any such primary obligation and any obligation of such Person, whether
          or not contingent, (a) to purchase any such primary obligation or any
          property constituting direct or indirect security therefor, (b) to
          advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of any such
          primary obligation or to maintain working capital or equity capital of
          the primary obligor or otherwise to maintain the net worth or solvency
          of the primary obligor, (c) to purchase property, securities or
          services primarily for the purpose of assuring the obligee under any
          such primary obligation of the ability of the primary obligor to make
          payment of such primary obligation, or (d) otherwise to assure or hold
          harmless the obligee under such primary obligation against loss in
          respect of such primary obligation; provided, however, that the term
          Contingent Obligation shall not include endorsements of instruments
          for deposit or collection in the ordinary course of business;

     (h)  "Convertible Debentures" means the debentures of the Corporation
          issuable under the Trust Indenture to holders of the Convertible
          Notes;

     (i)  "Convertible Note Agency" means the principal office of the Trustee in
          the City of Toronto or such other place as may be designated in
          accordance with subsection 3.1(c);

     (j)  "Convertible Note Certificate" means a certificate issued pursuant to
          this Indenture, in substantially the form set forth in Schedule "A",
          issued on or after the Effective Date to evidence Convertible Notes;

     (k)  "Convertible Noteholders" or "holders" without reference to
          Convertible Notes or Common Shares, means the Persons who, on and
          after the Effective Date, are registered owners of Convertible Notes;

     (l)  "Convertible Noteholders' Request" means an instrument signed in one
          or more counterparts by Convertible Noteholders representing in the
          aggregate not less than 25% of the aggregate principal amount of all
          Convertible Notes then unexercised and outstanding, requesting the
          Trustee to take or refrain from taking some action or proceeding
          specified therein;

     (m)  "Convertible Notes" means the convertible notes issued and certified
          hereunder and for the time being outstanding and entitling the holder
          to acquire Convertible Debentures in accordance with the terms and
          conditions hereof;

     (n)  "Counsel" means a barrister or solicitor or a firm of barristers and
          solicitors retained by the Trustee or retained by the Corporation and
          acceptable to the Trustee;

     (o)  "Debt" shall mean, at any time:

<PAGE>

                                       -5-

          (a)  all items which would then be classified as a liability on a
               consolidated balance sheet of the Corporation or in the notes
               thereto; and

          (b)  to the extent not otherwise included as Debt pursuant to the
               provisions of paragraph (a) of this definition, without
               duplication, any item which is

                    (i) an obligation of the Corporation or any of its
                    Subsidiaries in respect of borrowed money or for the
                    deferred purchase price of property or services or an
                    obligation of the Corporation which is evidenced by a note,
                    bond, debenture or other similar instrument,

                    (ii) a transfer with recourse or with an obligation to
                    repurchase, to the extent of the liability of the
                    Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries with respect thereto,

                    (iii) an obligation secured by any Lien on any property of
                    the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries to the extent
                    attributable to its respective interest in such property,
                    even though it has not assumed or become liable for the
                    payment thereof,

                    (iv) an obligation of the Corporation or any of its
                    Subsidiaries arising in connection with an acceptance
                    facility or letter of credit or letter of guarantee issued
                    by or for the account of the Corporation or any of its
                    Subsidiaries, or

                    (v) a Contingent Obligation of the Corporation or any of its
                    Subsidiaries to the extent that the primary obligation so
                    guaranteed is not otherwise classified as a liability on the
                    consolidated balance sheet of the Corporation,

                    provided, however, that there shall not be included for the
                    purpose of this definition any item which is on account of
                    (w) issued share capital or surplus, (x) reserves for
                    deferred income taxes or general contingencies, (y) minority
                    interests in Subsidiaries, or (z) trade debt;

     (p)  "director" means a director of the Corporation for the time being and,
          unless otherwise specified herein, reference to action "by the
          directors" means action by the directors of the Corporation as a board
          or, whenever duly empowered, action by any committee of such board;

     (q)  "Effective Date" means August 30, 2001;

     (r)  "Escrow Agent" means Computershare Trust Company of Canada;

     (s)  "Escrow Agreement" means the escrow and custodial agreement dated as
          of August 30, 2001 among the Corporation, the Underwriter and the
          Escrow Agent;

<PAGE>

                                       -6-

     (t)  "Escrow Direction" means a direction substantially in the form
          attached hereto as Schedule "B";

     (u)  "Event of Default" means any event specified in Section 6.1, continued
          for a period of time, if any, therein designated;

     (v)  "Exercise Date" means, with respect to any Convertible Note, the date
          on which the Convertible Note is exercised in accordance with Section
          3.1 or Section 3.7, as applicable;

     (w)  "Exercise Form" means the exercise form attached to or applicable to a
          Convertible Note;

     (x)  "Expiry Date" means the earlier of:

          (i)    the date which is five Business Days following the date on
                 which the Receipt is issued; and

          (ii)   August 30, 2002;

     (y)  "Extraordinary Resolution" has the meaning Set forth in Section 7.11;

     (z)  "Final Prospectus" means the final short form prospectus of the
          Corporation qualifying the distribution, in the Qualifying
          Jurisdictions, of the Convertible Debentures to the holders of
          Convertible Notes upon exercise of the Convertible Notes;

     (aa) "Lien" means any lien, encumbrance, mortgage, pledge, charge, security
          interest or other encumbrance;

     (bb) "NASDAQ" means the Nasdaq National Market;

     (cc) "Permitted Secured Debt" means, with respect to the Corporation or any
          of its Subsidiaries:

          (i)    indebtedness (other than trade debt) created, incurred, assumed
          or guaranteed, for moneys borrowed or raised by whatever means
          (including, without limitation, by means of commercial paper, bankers'
          acceptances, debt instruments, bank debt and financial leases, and any
          liability evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar
          instruments);

          (ii)   indebtedness created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed after the
          date of this Indenture to finance the cost of the acquisition by the
          Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries of any assets or services;

          (iii)  any guarantee of any indebtedness of a type described in clause
          (i) or (ii); and

<PAGE>

                                       -7-

          (iv)   renewals, extensions or refunds of any indebtedness or
          guarantee referred to in clauses (i), (ii) or (iii);

          provided that, in each case, such indebtedness or guarantee is secured
          by a Lien and such Lien has been created or granted for bona fide
          purposes of the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries and not for the
          purpose of avoiding the Corporation's obligations under section
          5.2(q);

     (dd) "Person" means an individual, body corporate, partnership, trust,
          trustee, executor, administrator, legal representative or any
          unincorporated organization;

     (ee) "Preliminary Prospectus" means the preliminary short form prospectus
          of the Corporation qualifying the distribution, in the Qualifying
          Jurisdictions, of the Convertible Debentures to holders of Convertible
          Notes upon the exercise of Convertible Notes;

     (ff) "Qualifying Jurisdictions" means, collectively, the provinces of
          Ontario and Quebec;

     (gg) "Receipt" means collectively the receipts required to be issued by
          each of the Securities Commissions for the Final Prospectus;

     (hh) "Receipt Deadline" means 4:00 p.m. (Toronto time) on September 29,
          2001 or such later date as agreed to in writing by the Corporation and
          the Underwriter;

     (ii) "Securities Commissions" means the securities commission or regulatory
          authority in each of the Qualifying Jurisdictions;

     (jj) "Shareholder" means a holder of record of one or more Common Shares;

     (kk) "Subscription Funds" means the aggregate amount of the funds paid or
          consideration provided by purchasers of the Convertible Notes for such
          Convertible Notes;

     (ll) "Subsidiary" has the meaning attributed thereto in the Business
          Corporations Act (Ontario);

     (mm) "Successor Corporation" has the meaning ascribed thereto in Section
          8.2;

     (nn) "this Indenture", "herein", "hereby", "hereof" and similar expressions
          mean and refer to this Indenture and any indenture, deed or instrument
          supplemental hereto; and the expressions "Article", "Section",
          "subsection" and "paragraph" followed by a number, letter or both mean
          and refer to the specified article, section, subsection or paragraph
          of this Indenture;

     (oo) "Time of Expiry" means 5:00 p.m. (Toronto time) on the Expiry Date;

<PAGE>

                                       -8-

     (pp) "trade debt" means all unsecured debt of the Corporation incurred in
          connection with the purchase of goods or services in the ordinary
          course of business;

     (qq) "Trust Indenture" means the convertible debenture trust indenture
          dated as of August 30, 2001 between the Corporation and the Trustee
          providing for the issuance of $13,500,000 aggregate principal amount
          of Convertible Debentures;

     (rr) "Trustee" means Computershare Trust Company of Canada or its
          successors from time to time in the trust hereby created;

     (ss) "TSE" means The Toronto Stock Exchange;

     (tt) "Underwriter" means Yorkton Securities Inc.; and

     (uu) "written request of the Corporation" and "certificate of the
          Corporation" mean, respectively, a written order, request, consent and
          certificate signed in the name of the Corporation by its President or
          a Vice-President; and may consist of one or more instruments so
          executed.

1.2  Gender and Number

     Unless herein otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise
requires, words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa and
words importing gender include all genders.

1.3  Interpretation not Affected by-Headings, etc.

     The division of this Indenture into Articles and Sections; the provision of
a table of contents and the insertion of headings are for convenience of
reference only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this
Indenture or any provision hereof.

1.4  Day not a Business Day

     In the event that any day on which any action is required to be taken under
this Indenture is not a Business Day, then such action shall be required to be
taken at or before the requisite time on the next succeeding day that is a
Business Day.

1.5  Time of the Essence

     Time shall be of the essence of this Indenture.

1.6  Currency

     Except as otherwise specified herein, all dollar amounts herein are
expressed in lawful money of Canada.

<PAGE>

                                       -9-

1.7   Meaning of "Outstanding"

      Every Convertible Note represented by a Convertible Note Certificate
countersigned and delivered by the Trustee hereunder shall be deemed to be
outstanding until it shall be cancelled or exercised pursuant to Article 3,
provided that where a new Convertible Note Certificate has been issued pursuant
to Section 2.11 hereof to replace one which has been mutilated, lost, destroyed
or stolen, the Convertible Notes represented by only one of such Convertible
Note Certificates shall be counted for the purpose of determining the aggregate
number of Convertible Notes outstanding.

1.8   Severability

      In the event that any provision hereof shall be determined to be invalid,
illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and
enforceability of the remainder of such provision and any other provision hereof
shall not be affected or impaired thereby.

1.9   English Language Only

      The parties to this Indenture hereby agree and request that this
Indenture, and any documents related hereto, including without limitation the
Convertible Note Certificates, be drafted only in the English language.

1.10  Schedules

      The following schedules are appended to this Indenture and are
incorporated as fully as though contained in the body of this Indenture.

      Schedule "A" - Form of Convertible Note Certificate
      Schedule "B" - Escrow Direction
      Schedule "C" - Redemption Election Notice

1.11  Date of Issue of Receipt

      The Receipt shall conclusively be deemed to be issued on the date
appearing on such Receipt as the Receipt's date.

1.12  Beneficiaries

      This Indenture is entered into by the Trustee for the benefit of all such
Persons who subscribe for and purchase Convertible Notes and each of them shall,
upon such subscription and purchase, be entered in the register as Convertible
Noteholders. The Trustee hereby declares that it holds all rights, interest and
benefits to be derived therefrom for and on behalf of all such Persons in
accordance with the terms and restrictions contained herein.

<PAGE>

                                      -10-

                     ARTICLE 2 - ISSUE OF CONVERTIBLE NOTES

2.1   Issue of Convertible Notes

      The aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes authorized for issue
hereunder is limited to $13,500,000. The Corporation shall not have the right to
prepay the Convertible Notes. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
in this Indenture, this Section 2.1 shall not be amended so as to increase the
aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes that may be created and
authorized for issue hereunder without the approval of the Convertible
Noteholders by Extraordinary Resolution.

2.2   Subscription Funds

      Upon issuance of the Convertible Notes all Subscription Funds shall be
paid to the Escrow Agent in accordance with the terms of the Escrow Agreement.
Upon the earlier of (i) receipt by the Escrow Agent of an Escrow Direction, and
(ii) the Time of Expiry, the Subscription Funds, together with interest thereon,
shall be paid by the Escrow Agent to the Trustee or the Corporation, as
applicable in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.1.

2.3   Exercise of Convertible Notes

      Each Convertible Note shall entitle the holder thereof, upon exercise, to
acquire an aggregate principal amount of Convertible Debentures equal to the
aggregate principal amount of such Convertible Note, at any time until the Time
of Expiry at no additional cost to the holder.

2.4   Interest

      (a)  Each Convertible Note shall bear interest on the principal amount
           thereof from the Effective Date or the date of issue, whichever is
           later, at the rate of 7.25% per annum, after as well as before
           default, with interest on overdue interest at the same rate. Interest
           shall be based on a 365 or 366 day year, as the case may be, and
           shall be calculated semi-annually not in advance from the Effective
           Date or the date of issue of a Convertible Note, whichever is later,
           or from the last interest payment date to which interest has been
           paid or made available for payment on the Convertible Notes,
           whichever is later, and shall be paid in like money semi-annually on
           February 28 and August 30, commencing on February 28, 2002 (unless a
           Convertible Note shall have been previously exercised as duly
           provided for).

      (b)  In the event of exercise of a Convertible Note all accrued and unpaid
           interest on a Convertible Note shall be paid on then first date for
           the payment of interest following the exercise of such Convertible
           Note provided for under the terms of the Convertible Debenture into
           which such Convertible Note is exercised to the Person to whom
           interest on such Convertible Debenture is payable on such date, and
           such Person shall be entitled to the interest accrued hereunder on
           the same basis as if such interest had accrued on such Convertible
           Debenture and was payable on such interest payment date.

<PAGE>

                                      -11-

2.5   Payment

      (a)  As the interest on the Convertible Notes becomes due (except interest
           payable at maturity which may be paid upon presentation and surrender
           of such Convertible Notes for payment), the Corporation, either
           directly or indirectly through the Trustee, shall forward or cause to
           be forwarded by prepaid ordinary mail at least three (3) Business
           Days prior to the interest payment date, to the holder for the time
           being, or, in the case of joint holders, to one of such joint holders
           (failing written instructions to the contrary from all of such joint
           holders), at his address appearing on the register, a cheque for such
           interest (less any tax required to be deducted), payable to or to the
           order of such holder or holders and negotiable at par. The forwarding
           of such cheque shall satisfy and discharge the liability for the
           interest upon the Convertible Notes to the extent of the sums
           represented thereby (plus the amount of any tax deducted as
           aforesaid) unless such cheque is not paid on presentation; provided
           that in the event of the non-receipt of such cheque by such
           registered holder or the loss or destruction thereof, the
           Corporation, upon being furnished with reasonable evidence of such
           non-receipt, loss or destruction and indemnity reasonably
           satisfactory to it, shall issue or cause to be issued to such
           registered holder a replacement cheque for the amount of such cheque.

      (b)  The holder for the time being of any Convertible Note shall be
           entitled to the principal moneys and interest evidenced by such
           Convertible Notes, free from all equities or rights of set-off or
           counterclaim between the Corporation and the original or any
           intermediate holder thereof and all Persons may act accordingly.

2.6   Convertible Noteholder not a Shareholder

      Nothing in this Indenture nor in the holding of a Convertible Note or
Convertible Note Certificate or otherwise, shall, in itself, confer, or be
construed as conferring upon a Convertible Noteholder any right or interest
whatsoever as a Shareholder or as any other shareholder of the Corporation,
including, but not limited to, the right to vote at, to receive notice of, or to
attend meetings of shareholders or any other proceedings of the Corporation, or
the right to receive dividends and other distributions.

2.7   Convertible Notes to Rank Pari Passu

      All Convertible Notes and Convertible Debentures shall rank pari passu,
whatever may be the actual date of issue thereof.

2.8   Form and Denomination of Convertible Notes

      The Convertible Note Certificates (including all replacements issued in
accordance with this Indenture) shall be substantially in the form set out in
Schedule "A" hereto, shall be dated on or after the Effective Date, shall bear
such distinguishing letters and numbers as the Corporation may, with the
approval of the Trustee, prescribe, shall be issuable only in fully registered
form and only in integral multiples of $1,000.

<PAGE>

                                      -12-

2.9   Signing of Convertible Note Certificates

      The Convertible Note Certificates shall be signed by any one (1) director
or officer of the Corporation. The signatures of any such director or officer
may be mechanically reproduced by way of photocopy or facsimile and Convertible
Note Certificates bearing such photocopy or facsimile signatures shall be
binding upon the Corporation as if they had been manually signed by such
director or officer. Notwithstanding that any Person whose manual or facsimile
signature appears on any Convertible Note Certificate as a director or officer
may no longer hold office at the date of such Convertible Note Certificate or at
the date of certification or delivery thereof, any Convertible Note Certificate
signed as aforesaid shall, subject to Section 2.10, be valid and binding upon
the Corporation and the holder thereof shall be entitled to the benefits of this
Indenture.

2.10  Certification by the Trustee

      (a)  The Trustee shall certify Convertible Note Certificates upon the
           written direction of the Corporation. No Convertible Note Certificate
           shall be issued or, if issued, shall be valid for any purpose or
           entitle the holder to the benefit of this Indenture until it has been
           certified by manual signature by or on behalf of the Trustee
           substantially in the form of the certificate set out in Schedule "A"
           and such certification by the Trustee upon any Convertible Note
           Certificate shall be conclusive evidence as against the Corporation
           that the Convertible Note Certificate so certified has been duly
           issued hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits of
           this Indenture.

      (b)  The certification of the Trustee on a Convertible Note Certificate
           issued hereunder shall not be construed as a representation or
           warranty by the Trustee as to the validity of this Indenture or the
           Convertible Note Certificate (except the due certification thereof)
           and the Trustee shall in no respect be liable or answerable for the
           use made of the Convertible Note Certificate or any of them or of the
           consideration therefor except as otherwise specified herein.

2.11  Issue in Substitution for Convertible Note Certificates Lost, etc.

      (a)  If any Convertible Note Certificate becomes mutilated or is lost,
           destroyed or stolen, the Corporation, subject to applicable law,
           shall issue and thereupon the Trustee shall certify and deliver, a
           new Convertible Note Certificate of like tenor as the one mutilated,
           lost, destroyed or stolen in exchange for and in place of and upon
           cancellation of such mutilated Convertible Note Certificate, or in
           lieu of and in substitution for such lost, destroyed or stolen
           Convertible Note Certificate, and the substituted Convertible Note
           Certificate shall be in a form approved by the Trustee and the
           Convertible Notes evidenced thereby shall be entitled to the benefits
           hereof and shall rank equally, in accordance with their terms, with
           all other Convertible Notes issued or to be issued hereunder.

      (b)  The applicant for the issue of a new Convertible Note Certificate
           pursuant to this Section 2.11 shall bear the cost of the issue
           thereof and in case of loss, destruction

<PAGE>

                                      -13-

           or theft shall, as a condition precedent to the issue thereof,
           furnish to the Corporation and to the Trustee such evidence of
           ownership and of the loss, destruction or theft of the Convertible
           Note Certificate so lost, destroyed or stolen as shall be
           satisfactory to the Corporation and to the Trustee, in their sole
           discretion, and such applicant may also be required to furnish an
           indemnity or security in amount and form satisfactory to the
           Corporation and the Trustee, in their sole discretion, and shall pay
           the reasonable charges of the Corporation and the Trustee in
           connection therewith.

2.12  Exchange of Convertible Note Certificates

      (a)  Any one or more Convertible Note Certificates representing any amount
           of Convertible Notes may, upon compliance with the reasonable
           requirements of the Trustee, be exchanged for one or more other
           Convertible Note Certificates in authorized denominations
           representing the same aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes
           as represented by the Convertible Note Certificate or Convertible
           Note Certificates so exchanged.

      (b)  Convertible Note Certificates may be exchanged only at the
           Convertible Note Agency or at any other place that is designated by
           the Corporation, with the approval of the Trustee. Any Convertible
           Note Certificate tendered for exchange shall be cancelled and
           surrendered to the Trustee.

2.13  Registration and Transfer

      The Corporation shall, at all times while any Convertible Notes are
outstanding, cause the Trustee to maintain a register in which will be entered
the names, latest known addresses of the Convertible Noteholders and if
available, facsimile numbers of the holders and particulars of the Convertible
Notes held by them, and a register of transfers in which shall be entered the
particulars of all transfers of Convertible Notes, such registers to be kept by
and at the Convertible Note Agency.

      The Convertible Notes may only be transferred on the register kept at the
principal office of the Trustee in the City of Toronto by the holder or its
legal representatives or its attorney duly appointed by an instrument in writing
in form and execution satisfactory to the Trustee only upon surrendering to the
Trustee the Convertible Note Certificates representing the Convertible Notes to
be transferred and upon compliance with:

      (a)  the conditions herein;

      (b)  such reasonable requirements as the Trustee may prescribe (including
           evidence of compliance with item (c) of this Section 2.13 in such
           form as is satisfactory to the Trustee acting reasonably);

      (c)  all applicable securities legislation and requirements of regulatory
           authorities; and

      (d)  payment of the applicable transfer fee as per section 2.14;

<PAGE>

                                      -14-

and such transfer shall be duly noted in such register by the Trustee. Upon
compliance with such requirements, the Trustee shall issue to the transferee a
Convertible Note Certificate representing the Convertible Notes transferred.

2.14  Charges for Exchange or Transfer

      Except as otherwise herein provided, the Trustee may charge to a holder
requesting an exchange of a Convertible Note Certificate a reasonable sum for
each new Convertible Note Certificate issued in exchange for an existing
Convertible Note Certificate and payment of such charges and reimbursement of
the Trustee or the Corporation for any and all transfer, stamp or similar taxes
or other governmental charges required to be paid shall be made by the holder
requesting such transfer or exchange as a condition precedent to such transfer
or exchange.

2.15  Cancellation of Surrendered Convertible Notes

      All Convertible Note Certificates surrendered or purchased pursuant to
Sections 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 3.1, 3.7, 4.1 or 5.1 shall be returned to the Trustee
for cancellation and, after the expiry of any period of retention prescribed by
law, destroyed by the Trustee. Upon request by the Corporation, the Trustee
shall furnish to the Corporation a destruction certificate identifying the
Convertible Note Certificates so destroyed, the number of Convertible Notes
evidenced thereby, the number of Convertible Debentures, if any, issued pursuant
to the exercise of such Convertible Notes and the details of any Convertible
Note Certificates issued in substitution or exchange for such Convertible Note
Certificates destroyed.

2.16  Persons Entitled to Payment

      (a)  The Corporation and Trustee will deem and treat the Person in whose
           name any Convertible Note is registered as the absolute owner thereof
           for all purposes of this Indenture and payment of or on account of
           principal or interest on such Convertible Note shall be made only to
           or to the order in writing of such holder, and neither the
           Corporation nor the Trustee shall be affected by any notice to the
           contrary, except where the Corporation or the Trustee is required to
           take notice by statutes or by order of a court of competent
           jurisdiction, and such payment shall be a good and sufficient
           discharge to the Corporation and the Trustee for all amounts so paid.

      (b)  The holder for the time being of any Convertible Note shall be
           entitled to the principal and interest evidenced by such Convertible
           Note, free from all equities or rights of set-off or counterclaim,
           between the Corporation and the original or any intermediate holder
           thereof and all Persons may act accordingly, and a transferee of a
           Convertible Note shall, after the appropriate form of transfer is
           lodged with the Trustee and upon compliance with all other conditions
           in that behalf required by this Indenture or by any conditions
           contained in such Convertible Note, be entitled to the principal and
           interest evidenced by such Convertible Note free from all equities or
           rights of set-off or counterclaim between the Corporation and his or
           her transferor or any previous holder thereof,

<PAGE>

                                       -15-

           save in respect of equities of which the Corporation is required to
           take notice by statute or by order of a court of competent
           jurisdiction.

      (c)  In the case of the death of one or more joint holders, principal or
           interest on any Convertible Note registered in their names may be
           paid to the survivor of such holders whose receipt therefor shall
           constitute a valid discharge to the Corporation and the Trustee.

2.17  U. S. Legend

      (a)  The Convertible Notes have not been and will not be registered under
           the U.S. Securities Act and may not be sold or otherwise transferred
           except pursuant to sales or other transfers that satisfy the
           requirements of Rule 904 of Regulation S under the U.S. Securities
           Act. Each Convertible Note certificate originally issued in the
           United States or to, or for the account of, a U.S. Person, and each
           Convertible Note Certificate issued in exchange therefor or in
           substitution thereof (each a "Restricted Convertible Note") shall
           bear the following legend:

      "THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE
      UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "U.S. SECURITIES
      ACT") OR UNDER ANY STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE HOLDER HEREOF, BY PURCHASING
      SUCH SECURITIES, AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF CERTICOM CORP. THAT SUCH
      SECURITIES MAY BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED ONLY (A) TO
      CERTICOM CORP., (B) OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES IN ACCORDANCE WITH RULE 904
      OF REGULATION S UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT, (C) PURSUANT TO THE
      EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT PROVIDED BY RULE
      144 THEREUNDER, IF AVAILABLE, OR (D) IN COMPLIANCE WITH CERTAIN OTHER
      PROCEDURES SATISFACTORY TO CERTICOM CORP. DELIVERY OF THIS CERTIFICATE MAY
      NOT CONSTITUTE "GOOD DELIVERY" IN SETTLEMENT OF TRANSACTIONS ON STOCK
      EXCHANGES IN CANADA. A NEW CERTIFICATE, BEARING NO LEGEND, DELIVERY OF
      WHICH WILL CONSTITUTE "GOOD DELIVERY" MAY BE OBTAINED FROM COMPUTERSHARE
      TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA. UPON DELIVERY OF THIS CERTIFICATE AND A DULY
      EXECUTED DECLARATION, IN A FORM SATISFACTORY TO COMPUTERSHARE TRUST
      COMPANY OF CANADA AND THE CORPORATION TO THE EFFECT THAT THE SALE OF THE
      SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY IS BEING MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 904 OF
      REGULATION S UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT;"

provided, that if the Securities are being sold in compliance with the
requirements of Rule 904 of Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act and in
compliance with Canadian local laws and regulations, the legend may be removed
by providing a declaration to Computershare Trust Company of Canada, as
registrar and transfer agent for the Securities, to the following effect (or as
the Corporation may prescribe from time to time):

<PAGE>

                                      -16-

     The undersigned (A) acknowledges that the sale of the Securities to which
     this declaration relates is being made in reliance on Rule 904 of
     Regulation S under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended
     (the "U.S. Securities Act"), and (B) certifies that (1) it is not an
     "affiliate" (as defined in Rule 405 under the U.S. Securities Act) of
     Certicom Corp., (2) the offer of such Securities was not made to a person
     in the United States and either (a) at the time the buy order was
     originated, the buyer was outside the United States, or the seller and any
     person acting on its behalf reasonably believed that the buyer was outside
     the United States or (b) the transaction was executed on or through the
     facilities of The Toronto Stock Exchange and neither the seller nor any
     person acting on its behalf knows that the transaction has been prearranged
     with a buyer in the United States and (3) neither the seller nor any person
     acting on its behalf engaged in any directed selling efforts in connection
     with the offer and sale of such Securities. Terms used herein have the
     meanings given to them by Regulation S;

provided, further, that, if any such Securities are being sold pursuant to Rule
144 of the U.S. Securities Act, the legend may be removed by delivery to
Computershare Trust Company of Canada of an opinion of counsel, of recognized
standing reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation, to the effect that such
legend is no longer required under applicable requirements of the U.S.
Securities Act or state securities laws.

     (b)  Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, in processing
          and registering transfers of Convertible Notes, no duty or
          responsibility whatsoever shall rest upon the Trustee to determine the
          compliance by any transferor or transferee with the terms of the
          legend contained in subsection 2.17(a), or with the relevant
          securities laws or regulations, including, without limitation,
          Regulation S and the Trustee shall be entitled to assume that all
          transfers are legal and proper.

                   ARTICLE 3 - EXERCISE OF CONVERTIBLE NOTES

3.1  Exercise of Convertible Notes

     (a)  Subject to Section 3.4, the holder of any Convertible Note may
          exercise the right conferred on such holder to acquire Convertible
          Debentures by surrendering, prior to the Time of Expiry, at the
          Convertible Note Agency the Convertible Notes Certificate representing
          such Convertible Note with a duly completed and executed Exercise
          Form.

          A Convertible Note Certificate with the duly completed and executed
          Exercise Form referred to in this subsection 3.1(a) shall be deemed to
          be surrendered only upon personal delivery thereof or, if sent by mail
          or other means of transmission, upon actual receipt thereof at, in
          each case, the Convertible Note Agency.

     (b)  Any Exercise Form referred to in subsection 3.1(a) shall be signed by
          the Convertible Noteholder and shall specify:

          (i)    the aggregate principal amount of Convertible Debentures which
                 the holder wishes to acquire (being not more than that amount
                 which the

<PAGE>

                                      -17-

                 holder is entitled to acquire pursuant to the Convertible Note
                 Certificate(s) surrendered);

          (ii)   the Person or Persons in whose name or names such Convertible
                 Debentures are to be issued;

          (iii)  the address or addresses of such Persons;

          (iv)   the aggregate principal amount of Convertible Debentures to be
                 issued to each such Person if more than one Person is so
                 specified; and

          (v)    social insurance number, if applicable.

          If any of the Convertible Debentures subscribed for are to be issued
          to a Person or Persons other than the Convertible Noteholder, the
          Convertible Noteholder shall pay to the Corporation, or the Trustee on
          behalf of the Corporation, all applicable transfer or similar taxes
          and the Corporation shall not be required to issue or deliver
          certificates evidencing Convertible Debentures unless or until such
          Convertible Noteholder shall have paid to the Corporation, or the
          Trustee on behalf of the Corporation, the amount of such tax or shall
          have established to the satisfaction of the Corporation that such tax
          has been paid or that no tax is due.

     (c)  In connection with the exchange or transfer of Convertible Note
          Certificates and the exercise of Convertible Notes, the Corporation
          hereby appoints the principal office of the Trustee in the City of
          Toronto as the agency at which Convertible Note Certificates may be
          surrendered for exchange or transfer or at which Convertible Notes may
          be exercised. The Corporation may from time to time designate
          alternate or additional places as the Convertible Note Agency and
          shall give notice to the Trustee of any change of the Convertible Note
          Agency.

3.2  Effect of Exercise of Convertible Notes

     (a)  Upon the exercise of Convertible Notes pursuant to Section 3.1 or
          Section 3.7, and subject to Section 3.3 the aggregate principal amount
          of Convertible Debentures into which Convertible Notes are exercised
          shall be deemed to have been issued and the Person or Persons to whom
          such Convertible Debentures are to be issued shall be deemed to have
          become the holder or holders of record of such aggregate principal
          amount of Convertible Debentures on the Exercise Date or, if the
          transfer registers of the Corporation shall be closed on such date, on
          the date on which such transfer registers are reopened.

     (b)  Subject to Section 3.7, within five Business Days after the Exercise
          Date with respect to a Convertible Note, the Corporation shall cause
          to be mailed or delivered to the Person or Persons in whose name or
          names the Convertible Debentures are to be issued, in such aggregate
          principal amount or number as specified in the applicable Exercise
          Form, at the address specified in such Exercise Form or, if so
          specified in such Exercise Form, delivered at the Convertible Note
          Agency where the applicable Convertible Note Certificate was

<PAGE>

                                      -18-

          surrendered, a certificate or certificates for the appropriate
          aggregate principal amount of Convertible Debentures into which such
          Convertible Note is exercised.

3.3  Partial Exercise of Convertible Notes; Fractions

     (a)  The holder of any Convertible Notes may acquire an aggregate principal
          amount of Convertible Debentures less than the aggregate principal
          amount which the holder is entitled to acquire pursuant to any
          surrendered Convertible Note Certificate for exercise. In the event of
          any exercise of an aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes
          less than the aggregate principal amount into which a Convertible Note
          is exercisable the holder of the Convertible Notes upon such exercise
          shall, in addition, be entitled to receive, without charge therefor, a
          new Convertible Note Certificate in respect of the balance of the
          principal amount of Convertible Notes represented by the unexercised
          portion of the surrendered Convertible Note Certificate.

     (b)  Notwithstanding anything herein contained, the Corporation shall not
          be required, upon the exercise of any Convertible Notes, to issue
          Convertible Debentures in denominations of less than $1,000 and
          multiples thereof or to distribute certificates which evidence
          Convertible Debentures other than in $1,000 denominations and
          multiples thereof.

3.4  Exercise by Certain Persons Restricted

     The Convertible Notes may not be exercised by any Person resident in a
jurisdiction which is not a Qualifying Jurisdiction unless the distribution of
Convertible Debentures to such Person can be lawfully made without the
Corporation being required to qualify such distribution in any manner under
applicable law.

3.5  Reliance By Trustee

     The Trustee shall have no obligation to ensure or verify compliance with
any Applicable Legislation or regulatory requirements on the issue, exercise or
transfer of any Convertible Notes or any underlying Convertible Debentures or
Common Shares or other securities issuable upon the exercise of any Convertible
Notes. The Trustee shall be entitled to process all proffered transfers and
exercises of Convertible Notes upon the presumption that such transfers or
exercises are permissible pursuant to all Applicable Legislation and regulatory
requirements and the terms of the Indenture and the related Convertible Note
Certificates, provided that transfers and exercises of Convertible Notes, or the
underlying Convertible Debentures or Common Shares or other securities issuable
upon the exercise of any Convertible Notes, bearing the U.S. Legend may only be
processed by the Trustee upon written instruction of the Corporation to the
Trustee, which instruction may be based, in the Corporation's discretion, upon
certificates, opinions and other documentation of the holders of such
Convertible Notes or underlying Convertible Debentures or Common Shares. The
Trustee may assume for the purposes of this Indenture that the address on the
register of Convertible Noteholders of any Convertible Notes is the Convertible
Noteholder's actual address and is also determinative of the Convertible
Noteholder's residency and that the address of any transferee to whom any
Convertible Notes or

<PAGE>

                                      -19-

underlying Convertible Debentures or Common Shares or other securities issuable
upon the exercise of any Convertible Notes are to be registered, as shown on the
transfer document, is the transferee's actual address and is also determinative
of the transferee's residency.

3.6  Expiration of Convertible Notes

     (a)  Subject to Section 3.7, immediately after the Time of Expiry, all
          rights to acquire Convertible Debentures under any Convertible Note in
          respect of which such right shall not have been exercised shall cease
          and terminate, and, subject to Section 3.7, such Convertible Note
          shall be void and of no further force or effect.

     (b)  If for any reason, the exercise of Convertible Notes in accordance
          with the terms hereof is prohibited by law or does not take place as
          contemplated herein (including by order of any securities regulatory
          authority or court of competent jurisdiction) such Convertible Notes
          shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein contained,
          remain valid and outstanding, and shall continue to bear interest at
          the rate herein provided and shall be due and payable in full on the
          sixth Business Day following the Expiry Date provided the Convertible
          Notes are then outstanding.

3.7  Accounting and Recording

     (a)  Any securities or other instruments, from time to time received by the
          Trustee shall be received in trust for, and shall be segregated and
          kept apart by the Trustee in trust for, the Corporation.

     (b)  The Trustee shall record the particulars of Convertible Notes
          exercised, which particulars shall include the names and addresses of
          the Persons who become holders of Convertible Debentures on the
          exercise thereof and the Exercise Date, if any, in respect thereof.
          The Trustee shall provide such particulars in writing to the
          Corporation within five Business Days of any request by the
          Corporation therefor.

3.8  Automatic Exercise

     Any Convertible Notes which are not exercised prior to the Expiry Time
shall be deemed to be exercised by the holders thereof immediately prior to the
Expiry Time to convert Convertible Notes into Convertible Debentures without any
further action on behalf of such holder. Following such exercise, such
Convertible Notes shall be cancelled and of no further force and effect other
than evidence of entitlement to receive the Convertible Debentures resulting
from the conversion of Convertible Notes upon the automatic exercise of any
Convertible Notes, which shall be issued upon the surrender of the related
Convertible Note Certificate accompanied with the duly completed and executed
Exercise Form, either by personal delivery thereof to the Trustee at the
Convertible Note Agency or at any other place or places that may be designated
by the Corporation with the approval of the Trustee, or, if sent by mail upon
actual receipt thereof by the Trustee at the Convertible Note Agency. Within two
Business Days of the Expiry Date, the Corporation shall notify holders of the
Convertible Notes that have

<PAGE>

                                      -20-

not exercised such Convertible Notes prior to the Time of Expiry that such
Convertible Notes have been automatically exercised and converted.

3.9  Securities Restrictions

     Notwithstanding anything herein contained, Convertible Debentures will only
be issued upon exercise of any Convertible Note in compliance with the
securities laws of any applicable jurisdiction, and without limiting the
generality of the foregoing, in the event that the Convertible Notes are
exercised pursuant to Section 3.1 prior to the issuance of a Receipt, the
certificates representing the Convertible Debentures thereby issued, or any
Common Shares into which the Convertible Debentures are converted, will bear
such legend as may, in the opinion of counsel to the Corporation, be necessary
in order to avoid a violation of any securities laws of any province in Canada
or to comply with the requirements of any stock exchange on which the Common
Shares are listed, provided that if, at any time, in the opinion of counsel to
the Corporation, such legends are no longer necessary in order to avoid a
violation of any such laws, or the holder of any such legended certificate, at
the holders expense, provides the Corporation with evidence satisfactory in form
and substance to the Corporation (which may include an opinion of counsel
satisfactory to the Corporation, acting reasonably) to the effect that such
holder is entitled to sell or otherwise transfer such Convertible Debentures or
Common Shares in a transaction in which such legends are not required, such
legended certificate may thereafter be surrendered to the Corporation in
exchange for a certificate which does not bear such legend.

ARTICLE 4 - REDEMPTION

4.1  Redemption

     (a)  If the Corporation has not obtained a Receipt on or before the Receipt
          Deadline, then:

          (i)    each Convertible Noteholder will be entitled to elect (the
                 "Redemption Election") to cause the Corporation to redeem all,
                 but not less than all, the Convertible Notes held by such
                 Convertible Noteholder at a price (the "Redemption Price") per
                 Convertible Note equal to the principal amount thereof,
                 together with accrued and unpaid interest on the principal
                 amount of the Convertible Note so redeemed to but not including
                 the date fixed for redemption (the "Redemption Date"), which
                 date shall not be less than 15 Business Days after the date of
                 receipt or deemed receipt of a Redemption Election Notice (as
                 defined herein) by the Convertible Noteholders;

          (ii)   the Redemption Election may be exercised by delivery to the
                 Corporation of a notice of exercise (a "Redemption Election
                 Notice") substantially in the form attached hereto as Schedule
                 "C" prior to 5:00 p.m. (Toronto time) on the third Business Day
                 immediately preceding the Redemption Date by the Convertible
                 Noteholders;

          (iii)  notwithstanding Section 4.1(a)(i), in the event that
                 Convertible Noteholders representing in the aggregate more than
                 50% of the aggregate

<PAGE>

                                      -21-

               principal amount of the Convertible Notes outstanding on
               September 28, 2001 elect to cause the Corporation to redeem the
               Convertible Notes held by such Convertible Noteholders, all
               outstanding Convertible Notes shall be redeemed (a "Mandatory
               Redemption") by the Corporation on the Redemption Date at a price
               per Convertible Note equal to the Redemption Price;

        (iv)   the Corporation shall, on or before October 2, 2001, deliver or
               cause to be delivered to each Convertible Noteholder and the
               Trustee a notice stating (A) that a Receipt was not obtained by
               the Corporation prior to the Receipt Deadline, (b) that each
               Convertible Noteholder has the rights set forth in, and shall be
               subject to the provisions of, Sections 4.1(a)(i), (ii) and (iii),
               as applicable, and (C) the Redemption Date, and including a
               Redemption Election Notice in the form attached hereto as
               Schedule "C".

        (v)    if the Corporation is required to redeem any Convertible Notes
               pursuant to this Section 4.1, the Corporation shall deliver to
               the Escrow Agent, not later than 5:00 p.m. (Toronto time) on the
               second Business Day immediately preceding the Redemption Date, an
               Escrow Direction;

        (vi)   the Corporation shall redeem, on the Redemption Date, (A) in the
               event of a Mandatory Redemption, all of the outstanding
               Convertible Notes, or (B) such aggregate principal amount of
               Convertible Notes as shall be specified in duly completed
               Redemption Election Notices delivered to the Corporation pursuant
               to Section 4.1(a)(ii), as applicable, at a price per Convertible
               Note equal to the Redemption Price; and

        (vii)  except in the case of a Mandatory Redemption, the Escrow Agent
               shall pay or cause to be paid to the Corporation that portion of
               the Subscription Funds, including interest thereon, not required
               to pay the Redemption Price of any Convertible Notes redeemed on
               the Redemption pursuant to a Redemption Election.

(b)     Upon compliance by the Corporation with the provisions of Section
        4.1(a)(v), all of the outstanding Convertible Notes so called for
        redemption shall thereupon become due and payable at the Redemption
        Price on the Redemption Date and from and after the Redemption Date
        such Convertible Notes shall not be considered as outstanding hereunder
        and interest on such Convertible Notes shall cease.

(c)     From the sums deposited with the Trustee by the Escrow Agent pursuant
        to the Escrow Direction, the Trustee shall deliver, pay or cause to be
        delivered and paid to the holders of Convertible Notes so redeemed,
        upon surrender of such Convertible Notes, the moneys to which the
        Convertible Noteholders are respectively entitled on redemption.

<PAGE>
                                       -22-

        (d)    If the Trustee determines that the sums deposited with the
               Trustee by the Escrow Agent will not be sufficient to allow the
               Trustee to pay the Redemption Price with respect to Convertible
               Notes to be redeemed in accordance with this Section 4.1, the
               Trustee shall give notice of such determination to the
               Corporation and the Corporation shall, within three Business Days
               of the date upon which such notice is received, pay to the
               Trustee such amount as shall be sufficient, together with the
               sums deposited with the Trustee by the Escrow Agent, to allow the
               Trustee to pay the Redemption Price with respect to Convertible
               Notes to be redeemed in accordance with this Section 4.1.

        ARTICLE 5 - RIGHTS OF THE CORPORATION AND COVENANTS. REPRESENTATIONS AND
                    WARRANTIES

5.1     Optional Purchases by the Corporation

        The Corporation may from time to time purchase with the consent of the
Convertible Noteholder, by private contract or otherwise any of the Convertible
Notes. Any such purchases shall be offered to all Convertible Noteholders on a
pro rata basis. Any such purchase shall be made at the lowest price or prices at
which, in the opinion of the directors, such Convertible Notes are then
obtainable from such Convertible Noteholder, plus reasonable costs of purchase,
and may be made in such manner, from such Persons and on such other terms as the
Corporation may determine. Any Convertible Note Certificates representing the
Convertible Notes purchased pursuant to this Section 5. 1 shall forthwith be
delivered to and cancelled by the Trustee. No Convertible Notes shall be issued
in replacement thereof.

5.2     General Covenants of the Corporation

        The Corporation covenants and agrees with the Trustee that so long as
any Convertible Notes remain outstanding:

        (a)    it shall duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid to every
               Convertible Noteholder the principal of and interest on each of
               the Convertible Notes (including, in the case of default,
               interest on the amount in default) at the places, at the
               respective times and in the manner provided herein and in the
               Convertible Notes;

        (b)    except as herein otherwise expressly provided, the Corporation
               will at all times maintain its corporate existence and will keep
               proper books of account in accordance with generally accepted
               accounting practices. Upon written notice from the Trustee
               stating that it has reasonable grounds to believe that an Event
               of Default has occurred or may occur, the Corporation will
               furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee or its duly
               authorized agent or attorney such information relating to its
               business as the Trustee may reasonably require and the books of
               account will be made available for inspection by the Trustee or
               such agent or attorney;

<PAGE>
                                       -23-

        (c)    the Corporation will furnish to the Trustee a copy of all
               financial statements, whether annual or interim, of the
               Corporation and the report, if any, of the Corporation's auditors
               thereon and of all annual and other periodic reports of the
               Corporation furnished to its shareholders at the same time as
               they are furnished to such shareholders. No obligation shall rest
               with the Trustee to analyze such statements or evaluate the
               performance of the Corporation in any manner whatsoever;

        (d)    the Corporation will reserve and there will remain created and
               unissued a sufficient aggregate principal amount of Convertible
               Debentures to satisfy its obligations upon the exercise of
               Convertible Notes and it will reserve and authorize the issuance
               of a sufficient number of Common Shares for the purpose of
               enabling it to satisfy its obligations to issue Common Shares in
               accordance with the terms of the Convertible Debentures issued
               upon the exercise of the Convertible Notes;

        (e)    the Corporation will cause the Convertible Debentures and
               certificates representing the Convertible Debentures from time to
               time issued pursuant to the exercise of the Convertible Notes to
               be duly issued and delivered in accordance with the Convertible
               Notes and the terms hereof;

        (f)    the Corporation will cause the Common Shares and the certificates
               representing the Common Shares from time to time issued in
               accordance with the terms of the Convertible Debentures to be
               duly issued and delivered in accordance with the Convertible
               Debentures and the terms of the Trust Indenture;

        (g)    all Common Shares issued in accordance with the terms of the
               Convertible Debentures shall be fully paid and non-assessable;

        (h)    the Corporation will use its commercially reasonable efforts to
               obtain a Receipt, as soon as reasonably possible, from the
               Securities Commissions for the Final Prospectus so that the
               resale of such Convertible Debentures and Common Shares issuable
               in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Debentures will
               not generally be subject to the prospectus requirements or any
               "hold period" under Applicable Securities Law in the Qualifying
               Jurisdictions;

        (i)    generally, the Corporation will duly and punctually perform and
               carry out all of the acts or things to be done by it as provided
               in this Indenture;

        (j)    the Corporation shall not, directly or indirectly, declare or pay
               any dividends on account of any shares or any class of its shares
               now or hereafter outstanding or redeem, retire, defease, purchase
               or otherwise acquire any shares of any class of capital stock (or
               set aside or otherwise deposit or invest any sums for any of the
               foregoing purposes) or apply or set apart any sum, or make any
               other distribution (by reduction of capital or otherwise) in
               respect of any such shares or agree to do any of the foregoing;

<PAGE>
                                       -24-

        (k)    in order to prevent any accumulation after maturity of unpaid
               interest on, or of unpaid principal amount of, any Convertible
               Note, the Corporation will not directly or indirectly extend or
               assent to the extension of time for payment of any interest upon
               any Convertible Note or of any principal amount payable in
               respect of any Convertible Note and that it will not directly or
               indirectly be or become a party to or approve any such
               arrangement by purchasing or funding any interest on the
               Convertible Notes or any principal amount thereof or in any other
               manner and that the Corporation will deliver to the Trustee all
               Convertible Notes when paid as evidence of such payment;

        (l)    if the time for the payment of any interest or principal amount
               shall be so extended, whether or not such extension is by or with
               the consent of the Corporation, notwithstanding anything herein
               or in the Convertible Notes contained, such interest or principal
               amount shall not be entitled, in case of default hereunder, to
               the benefit of this Indenture except subject to the prior payment
               in full of the principal amount of all the Convertible Notes then
               outstanding and of all matured interest on such Convertible Notes
               the payment of which has not been so extended;

        (m)    on or before August 30, 2002 and on or before August 30 in each
               subsequent year and at any other reasonable time if requested by
               the Trustee, the Corporation will furnish to the Trustee a
               Certificate of the Corporation stating that the Corporation has
               complied with all covenants, conditions and other requirements
               contained in this Indenture, non-compliance with which would
               constitute an Event of Default hereunder or, if such is not the
               case, specifying the covenant, condition or other requirement
               which has not been complied with and giving particulars of such
               non-compliance and the action, if any, the Corporation proposes
               to take with respect thereto;

        (n)    the Corporation will take all commercially reasonable steps and
               actions and do all such acts and things as may be required to:
               (i) as long as it meets the minimum listing requirements of such
               institutions, maintain the listing and posting for trading, on
               the TSE, of the Common Shares or, in the event of a Change of
               Control, on the TSE, NASDAQ or the New York Stock Exchange the
               securities for which the Common Shares were exchanged or
               converted in connection with the Change of Control, and (ii)
               maintain its status as a reporting issuer not in default of the
               requirements of applicable securities legislation of the
               provinces of Canada or have outstanding securities registered
               under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or, in the
               event of a Change of Control, maintain the status of the Person,
               or such Person's Affiliate, whose securities were exchanged or
               converted for Common Shares in connection with such Change of
               Control as a reporting issuer not in default of the requirements
               of applicable securities legislation in the Province of Ontario
               or have securities outstanding registered under the Securities
               Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;

<PAGE>
                                       -25-

        (o)    the Corporation shall, within three Business Days of a written
               request by the Trustee, furnish to the Trustee, or to such other
               Person as the Trustee may direct, a true copy of this Indenture;

        (p)    the Corporation shall not change its name or amalgamate with
               another corporation under a different name without giving at
               least ten days' prior notice to the Trustee of the new name and
               the date upon which such change of name or amalgamation is to
               take effect and, within five Business Days of the change of name
               or amalgamation, the Corporation shall provide the Trustee with:

               (i)    a notarial or certified copy of the articles of amendment
                      or articles of amalgamation effecting the change of name;
                      and

               (ii)   an opinion from legal counsel satisfactory to the Trustee
                      as to the correct name of the Corporation and confirming
                      that all appropriate registrations, filings or recordings
                      have been made to ensure the continued validity and
                      enforceability of this Indenture and the Convertible
                      Notes;

        (q)    the Corporation represents and warrants to the Trustee that there
               is no (i) Permitted Secured Debt or (ii) Debt ranking senior to,
               or pari passu, with the Debentures outstanding or in effect on
               the date of this Indenture, except such Permitted Secured Debt as
               has been incurred to finance the cost of acquisition by the
               Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries of any assets or services
               in the ordinary course of their respective businesses. The
               Corporation will not, and will not permit any of its Subsidiaries
               to, create, incur, assume, suffer, permit to exist or guarantee,
               directly or indirectly, any Debt that ranks senior to, or pari
               passu, with the Debentures other than Permitted Secured Debt.
               Nothing in this section 5.2(q) will prevent or be deemed to
               prevent the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries from creating,
               incurring, assuming, suffering, permitting to exist or
               guaranteeing trade debt;

        (r)    the Corporation shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of
               the details of the occurrence of any Event of Default; and

        (s)    if the closing price of the Common Shares on NASDAQ is less than
               U.S. $1.00 for any period of 10 consecutive trading days, the
               Corporation will consider calling a special meeting of its
               shareholders for the purpose of approving a consolidation of the
               Common Shares on such terms as the directors of the Corporation
               may approve.

5.3     Trustee's Remuneration and Expenses

        (a)    The Corporation covenants that it will pay to the Trustee
               reasonable remuneration for its services as Trustee and will pay
               all costs, charges and expenses (including reasonable fees and
               disbursements of its Counsel and all other advisors not regularly
               in its employ) properly incurred by the Trustee in connection
               with the trusts hereof, on demand by the Trustee and also (in
               addition to any right of indemnity given to the Trustee by law)
               will at all times keep indemnified the

<PAGE>
                                       -26-

               Trustee against all liabilities, losses, damages, actions,
               proceedings, costs, claims, expenses and demands in respect of
               any matter or thing done or omitted by the Trustee (other than
               through the gross negligence of or misconduct by the Trustee) in
               any way relating to this Indenture. The said remuneration shall
               continue to be payable until the trusts hereof be finally wound
               up and whether or not the trusts of this Indenture shall be in
               the course of administration by or under the direction of the
               court.

         (b)   Any amount due under this Section 5.3 and unpaid 30 days after
               demand for such payment shall bear interest from the expiration
               of such 30 day period at a rate per annum equal to the rate
               generally charged by the Corporate Trust Department of the
               Trustee from time to time on overdue accounts. After default all
               amounts so payable and the interest thereon shall be payable out
               of any funds coming into possession of the Trustee in priority to
               any payment of the principal amount of, or any interest on, the
               Convertible Notes.

5.4      Securities Qualification Requirements

         (a)   Following the Effective Date, the Corporation shall, as soon as
               reasonably possible, file with the Securities Commissions the
               Preliminary Prospectus and all such other documents as may be
               required under Applicable Securities Law with the Securities
               Commissions and use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain
               all required receipts therefor from the Securities Commissions.

         (b)   The Corporation shall, after satisfaction of any comments with
               respect to the Preliminary Prospectus by the Securities
               Commissions, file the Final Prospectus and all such other
               documents as may be required under Applicable Securities Law with
               the Securities Commissions, and undertakes to use its
               commercially reasonable efforts to obtain a Receipt therefor from
               the Securities Commissions as soon as reasonably possible but in
               any event by the Receipt Deadline and to take all other
               commercially reasonable steps as may be necessary to qualify the
               distribution in the Qualifying Jurisdictions of the Convertible
               Debentures and Common Shares issuable in accordance with the
               terms of the Convertible Debentures, provided that the
               Corporation shall not be obligated to file the Final Prospectus
               on or after August 30, 2002.

         (c)   The Corporation shall send written notice to each holder of
               Convertible Notes and the Trustee advising of the issuance of a
               Receipt by the Securities Commissions together with a copy of the
               Final Prospectus. Such notice shall be hand delivered or mailed
               to each holder of the Convertible Notes at the address of each
               such holder appearing in the register of the Convertible Notes
               maintained pursuant to this Indenture within five Business Days
               after the date on which a Receipt was issued by the Securities
               Commissions.

<PAGE>
                                       -27-

5.5     Performance of Covenants by Trustee

        If the Corporation shall fail to perform any of its covenants contained
in this Indenture, the Trustee may notify the Convertible Noteholders of such
failure on the part of the Corporation or may itself perform any of the
covenants capable of being performed by it but, subject to Section 9.2, shall be
under no obligation to perform said covenants or to notify the Convertible
Noteholders of such performance by it. All sums reasonably expended or advanced
by the Trustee in so doing shall be repayable as provided in Section 5.3. No
such performance, expenditure or advance by the Trustee shall relieve the
Corporation of any default hereunder or of its continuing obligations under the
covenants herein contained.

                             ARTICLE 6 - ENFORCEMENT

6.1     Events of Default

        If any of the Events of Default listed below in this Section 6.1 shall
occur and be continuing:

         (a)   the Corporation shall default in payment of the principal on any
               Convertible Note when the same becomes due under any provision
               hereof or of the Convertible Notes; or

         (b)   the Corporation shall default in payment of any interest due on
               any Convertible Notes when the same becomes due under any
               provision hereof or of the Convertible Notes and any such default
               continues for a period of five days; or

         (c)   the Corporation shall default in the performance, or breach, of
               any covenant or agreement of the Corporation in this Indenture or
               the Convertible Notes, continued for a period of 30 days after
               there has been given notice, by registered or certified mail, to
               the Corporation by the Trustee or by Holders of not less than 25%
               of the principal amount of Convertible Notes then outstanding
               specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be
               remedied, unless the Trustee (having regard to the subject matter
               of the default) shall have agreed to a longer period and, in such
               event, for the period agreed to by the Trustee; or

         (d)   the institution by the Corporation of proceedings to be
               adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the
               institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against it,
               or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking
               reorganization or relief under any applicable federal, provincial
               or state law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization
               or relief of debtors, or the consent by it to the filing of any
               such petition or to the appointment under any such law of a
               receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other
               similar official) of the Corporation or of substantially all of
               its property, or the making by it of a general assignment for the
               benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its
               inability to pay its debts generally as they become due; or

<PAGE>
                                       -28-

         (e)   the entry of a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in
               the premises adjudging the Corporation a bankrupt or insolvent,
               or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization,
               arrangement or adjustment of or in respect of the Corporation
               under any applicable law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency,
               reorganization or relief of debtors, or appointing under any such
               law a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or
               other similar official) of the Corporation or of substantially
               all of its property, or ordering pursuant to any such law the
               winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of
               any such decree, petition, appointment or order unstayed and in
               effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or

         (f)   if an encumbrancer takes possession of, or appoints a receiver in
               respect of, all or substantially all of the property of the
               Corporation, or if any process or execution is levied or enforced
               upon or gains all or substantially all of the property of the
               Corporation and remains unsatisfied for such period as would
               permit any such property to be sold thereunder, unless the
               Corporation actively and diligently contests in good faith such
               process, but in that event the Corporation shall, if the Trustee
               so requires, give security which, in the discretion of the
               Trustee, is sufficient to pay in full the amount thereby claimed
               in case the claim is held to be valid;

then, in each and every such event, if such event is continuing, subject to
Section 6.3 and Section 7.10(d), the Trustee may in its discretion and shall,
upon receipt of a Convertible Noteholders' Request, declare the principal of,
and interest on, all Convertible Notes then outstanding and all other moneys
outstanding hereunder to be due and payable, and the same shall forthwith become
immediately due and payable to the Trustee, anything therein or herein to the
contrary notwithstanding, and the Corporation shall forthwith pay to the Trustee
for the benefit of the Convertible Noteholders the amount of the principal of,
and interest then accrued on, all of the Convertible Notes then outstanding and
all other moneys outstanding hereunder, together with interest thereon, at the
rate of interest borne by the Convertible Notes from the date of the said
declaration until payment is received by the Trustee and such payment when made
shall be deemed to have been made on such Convertible Notes and shall be applied
as provided in Section 6.5.

6.2     Notice of Events of Default

        If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing the Trustee shall,
as soon as reasonably possible but in any event within 15 days after it becomes
aware of the occurrence of such Event of Default, give notice of such Event of
Default, to the Convertible Noteholders in the manner provided in Article 10;
provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, unless the Trustee shall have been
requested to do so pursuant to a Convertible Noteholders' Request, the Trustee
shall not be required to give such notice, if the Trustee, in good faith,
reasonably believes that it is in the best interests of the Convertible
Noteholders to withhold such notice and shall have so informed the Corporation
in writing.

<PAGE>
                                       -29-

6.3     Waiver of Default

        Upon the happening of any Event of Default, except default in payment
of principal, and in addition to the powers exercisable by the Convertible
Noteholders by Extraordinary Resolution, the holders of not less than 51% in
principal amount of all the Convertible Notes which shall then be outstanding
shall have power, by an instrument or instruments in writing or by affirmative
votes of such holders at a meeting duly convened and held as hereinafter
provided, to cancel any declaration made by the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.1
or to require the Trustee to waive the default, or both, and such declaration
shall thereupon be cancelled or the Trustee shall thereupon waive the default,
in either case, upon such terms and conditions as such holders shall prescribe.
So long as it has not become bound as provided in this Article 6 to declare the
principal of and interest on all the Convertible Notes then outstanding to be
due and payable, or to obtain and enforce payment of the same, the Trustee shall
have the power to waive any default arising hereunder if, in the reasonable
opinion of the Trustee, acting in good faith, the same shall have been cured, or
adequate satisfaction made therefor, upon such terms and conditions as the
Trustee may deem advisable. Provided always that no act or omission either of
the Trustee or of the Convertible Noteholders in the premises shall extend to or
be taken in any manner whatsoever to affect any subsequent default or the rights
resulting therefrom.

6.4     Right of Trustee to Enforce Payment

        (a)    Subject to the provisions of Section 6.3, if the Corporation
               shall fail to pay to the Trustee, on demand, the principal of and
               interest on all Convertible Notes then outstanding which shall
               have been declared by the Trustee to be due and payable pursuant
               to Section 6.1, together with any other amounts due hereunder,
               the Trustee may in its discretion and shall upon receipt of a
               Convertible Noteholders' Request and upon being funded and
               indemnified to its reasonable satisfaction against all costs,
               expenses and liabilities to be incurred, proceed in its name as
               Trustee hereunder to obtain or enforce payment of the said
               principal of and interest on all the Convertible Notes then
               outstanding together with any other amounts due hereunder, by any
               remedy provided by law either by legal proceedings or otherwise.

        (b)    The Trustee shall be entitled and empowered, either in its own
               name or as trustee of an express trust, or as attorney-in-fact
               for the holders of the Convertible Notes, or in any one or more
               of such capacities, to file such proof of debt, amendment of
               proof of debt, claim, petition or other document as may be
               necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee
               and of the holders of the Convertible Notes allowed in any
               insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation or other judicial proceedings
               relative to the Corporation or its creditors or relative to or
               affecting its property. The Trustee is hereby irrevocably
               appointed (and the successive respective holders of the
               Convertible Notes by taking and holding the same shall be
               conclusively deemed to have so appointed the Trustee) the true
               and lawful attorney-in-fact of the respective holders of the
               Convertible Notes with authority to make or file in the
               respective names of the holders of the Convertible Notes or on
               behalf of the holders of the Convertible Notes as a class,
               subject to deduction from any such claims of the amounts of any
               claims filed by any of the holders of

<PAGE>

                                       -30-

        the Convertible Notes themselves, any proof of debt, amendment of proof
        of debt, claim, petition or other document in any proceedings and to
        receive payment of any sums becoming distributable on account thereof,
        and to execute any such other papers and documents and to do and perform
        any and all such acts and things for and on behalf of such holders of
        the Convertible Notes, as may be necessary or advisable in the opinion
        of the Trustee, in order to have the respective claims of the Trustee
        and of the holders of the Convertible Notes against the Corporation or
        its property allowed in any such proceeding, and to receive payment of
        or on account of such claims; provided, however, that nothing contained
        in this Indenture shall be deemed to give to the Trustee, unless so
        authorized by Extraordinary Resolution, any right to accept or consent
        to any plan of reorganization or otherwise by action of any character in
        such proceeding to waive or change in any way any right of any
        Convertible Noteholder.

        (c)    Any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be
               brought in the name of the Trustee as trustee of an express
               trust, and any recovery of judgment shall be for the rateable
               benefit of the holders of the Convertible Notes subject to the
               provisions of this Indenture. In any proceeding brought by the
               Trustee (and also any proceeding in which a declaratory judgment
               of a court may be sought as to the interpretation or construction
               of any provision of this Indenture, to which the Trustee shall be
               a party) the Trustee shall be held to represent all the holders
               of the Convertible Notes, and it shall not be necessary to make
               any holders of the Convertible Notes parties to any such
               proceeding.

6.5     Application of Moneys

        (a)    Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, any moneys
               received by the Trustee from the Corporation pursuant to the
               foregoing Sections of this Article 6, or as a result of legal or
               other proceedings or from any trustee in bankruptcy or liquidator
               of the Corporation, shall be applied, together with any other
               moneys in the hands of the Trustee available for such purposes,
               as follows:

               FIRST:    to the payment and reimbursement to the Trustee of the
                         amounts contemplated by Section 5.3, including, without
                         limitation, compensation, costs, charges, expenses,
                         borrowings, advances, or other moneys furnished or
                         provided by or at the instance of the Trustee in or
                         about the execution of its trust or otherwise in
                         relation to this Indenture, with interest thereon as
                         herein provided;

               SECOND:   subject to Section 5.4 and as hereinafter in this
                         Section 6.5 provided, in payment rateably and
                         proportionately of the principal of and accrued and
                         unpaid interest and interest on amounts in default on
                         the Convertible Notes which shall then be outstanding
                         in the priority of principal first and then accrued and
                         unpaid interest and interest on amounts in default,
                         unless otherwise directed by Extraordinary Resolution
                         and, in that case, in such order of priority

<PAGE>
                                       -31-

                        as between principal and interest as may be directed by
                        such resolution; and

               THIRD:   the surplus (if any) of such moneys shall be paid to the
                        Corporation or its assigns;

provided, however, that no payment shall be made in respect of the principal of
or interest on any Convertible Note held, directly or indirectly, by or for the
benefit of the Corporation or any Subsidiary (other than any Convertible Note
pledged for value and in good faith to a Person other than the Corporation or
any Subsidiary but only to the extent of such Person's interest therein) except
subject to the prior payment in full of the principal of, and premium, if any,
and interest of all Convertible Notes which are not so held.

        (b)    Provided always that the Trustee shall not be bound to apply or
               make any partial or interim payment of any moneys coming into its
               hands pursuant to the foregoing Sections of this Article 6 if the
               amount so received by it is insufficient to make a distribution
               of at least 2% of the principal amount of the outstanding
               Convertible Notes but it may retain the money so received by it
               and deposit the same in its deposit department or in a chartered
               bank in Canada to its credit at such rate of interest as is then
               current on similar deposits or invest the same as provided in
               Section 12.10 of the Trust Indenture until the moneys or the
               investments representing the same, with the income derived
               therefrom together with any other moneys for the time being under
               its control shall be sufficient for the said purpose or until it
               shall consider it advisable to apply the same in the manner above
               set forth.

6.6     Notice of Payment by Trustee

        Not less than 21 days' notice shall be given by the Trustee to the
Convertible Noteholders of any payment to be made under this Article 6 to the
Convertible Noteholders. Such notice shall state the time when and the place
where such payment is to be made, and the amount of the payment and the
application thereof as between principal and interest. After the day so fixed,
unless payment shall have been duly demanded and have been refused, the
Convertible Noteholders will be entitled to interest only on the balance (if
any) of the principal moneys and interest due to them, respectively, on the
Convertible Notes, after deduction of the respective amounts payable in respect
thereof on the day so fixed.

6.7     Trustee May Demand Production of Convertible Notes

        The Trustee shall have the right to demand production of the
Convertible Notes in respect of which any payment of principal or interest
required by this Article 6 is made and may cause to be endorsed on the same
memorandum of the amount so paid and the date of payment, but the Trustee may,
in its discretion, dispense with such production and endorsement in any special
case, upon such indemnity being given to it and to the Corporation as the
Trustee shall deem sufficient.

<PAGE>
                                       -32-

6.8      Trustee Appointed Attorney

         The Corporation hereby irrevocably appoints the Trustee to be the
attorney of the Corporation for and in the name and on behalf of the Corporation
to execute any instruments and to do any acts and things which the Corporation
ought to sign, execute and do hereunder and generally to use the name of the
Corporation in the exercise of all or any of the powers hereby conferred on the
Trustee, with full powers of substitution and revocation.

6.9      Suits by Convertible Noteholders

         No Convertible Noteholder shall have the right to institute any action,
suit or proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture or for
the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy authorized or
permitted by this Indenture or by law or by equity hereunder, unless:

         (a)   such Convertible Noteholder has previously given written notice
               to the Trustee, or vice versa, of a continuing Event of Default;

         (b)   the Trustee shall have received a Convertible Noteholders'
               Request requesting the Trustee to institute proceedings in
               respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee
               hereunder and the Trustee shall have been offered a reasonable
               opportunity either itself to proceed to exercise the powers
               hereinbefore granted or to institute an action, suit or
               proceeding in its name for such purpose;

         (c)   the Convertible Noteholder or Convertible Noteholders executing
               such Convertible Noteholders' Request have provided to the
               Trustee sufficient funds and/or indemnity against the costs,
               expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such
               request in accordance with subsection 9.2(b);

         (d)   the Trustee, for 60 days after its receipt of such notice,
               Convertible Noteholders' Request and provision of funds and/or
               indemnity, has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

         (e)   no direction inconsistent with such written request has been
               given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Convertible
               Noteholders of a majority or more in principal amount of the
               outstanding Convertible Notes.

         In such event but not otherwise any Convertible Noteholder. acting on
behalf of himself and all other Convertible Noteholders, shall be entitled to
take proceedings in any court of competent jurisdiction such as the Trustee
might have taken under Section 6.4, but in no event shall any Convertible
Noteholder or combination of Convertible Noteholders have any right to take any
other remedy or proceedings out of court; it being understood and intended that
no one or more Convertible Noteholders shall have any right in any manner
whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to
affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other Convertible Noteholders, or
to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other Convertible
Noteholders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner
herein provided and for the equal and rateable benefit of all the Convertible
Noteholders.

<PAGE>
                                       -33-

6.10     Immunity of Shareholders, etc.

         The Trustee and, by the acceptance of the Convertible Note Certificates
and as part of the consideration for the issue of the Convertible Notes, the
Convertible Noteholders, hereby waive and release any right, cause of action or
remedy now or hereafter existing in any jurisdiction against any incorporator or
any past, present or future shareholder, director, officer, employee or agent of
the Corporation or any Successor Corporation on any covenant, agreement,
representation or warranty by the Corporation contained in this Indenture or in
the Convertible Note Certificates.

6.11     Limitation of Liability

         The obligations hereunder are not personally binding upon, nor shall
resort hereunder be had to, the private property of any of the past, present or
future directors or shareholders of the Corporation or any Successor Corporation
or any of the past, present or future officers, employees or agents of the
Corporation or any Successor Corporation, but only the property of the
Corporation or any Successor Corporation shall be bound in respect hereof.

6.12     Remedies Cumulative

         No remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee, or upon or
to the Convertible Noteholders, is intended to be exclusive of any other remedy,
but each and every such remedy shall be cumulative and shall be in addition to
every other remedy given hereunder or now existing or hereafter to exist by law
or by statute.

                 ARTICLE 7 - MEETINGS OF CONVERTIBLE NOTEHOLDERS

7.1      Right to Convene Meetings

         The Trustee may at any time and from time to time, and shall on receipt
of a written request of the Corporation or of a Convertible Noteholders' Request
and upon being indemnified to its reasonable satisfaction by the Corporation or
by the Convertible Noteholders signing such Convertible Noteholders' Request
against the cost which may be incurred in connection with the calling and
holding of such meeting, call and hold a meeting of the Convertible Noteholders.
In the event of the Trustee failing to so call a meeting within 15 days after
receipt of such written request of the Corporation or such Convertible
Noteholders' Request and indemnity given as aforesaid, the Corporation or such
Convertible Noteholders who signed such Convertible Noteholders' Request, as the
case may be, may call and hold such meeting. Every such meeting shall be held in
the City of Toronto or at such other place as may be approved by the Trustee and
the Corporation

7.2      Notice

         At least 21 days' prior notice of any meeting of Convertible
Noteholders shall be given to the Convertible Noteholders entitled to attend
such meeting in the manner provided for in Section 10.2 and a copy of such
notice shall be sent by mail to the Trustee (unless the meeting has been called
by the Trustee) and to the Corporation (unless the meeting has been called by
the

<PAGE>
                                       -34-

Corporation). Such notice shall state the time when and the place where the
meeting is to be held, shall state briefly the general nature of the business to
be transacted thereat and shall contain such information as is reasonably
necessary to enable the Convertible Noteholders to make a reasoned decision on
the matter, but it shall not be necessary for any such notice to set out the
terms of any resolution to be proposed or any of the provisions of this Article
7. The notice convening any such meeting may be signed by an appropriate officer
of the Trustee or by the Corporation or by the holder or holders convening the
meeting.

7.3      Chairman

         An individual (who need not be a Convertible Noteholder) designated in
writing by the Trustee shall be chairman of the meeting and if no individual is
so designated, or if the individual so designated is not present within 30
minutes from the time fixed for the holding of the meeting, the Convertible
Noteholders present in Person or by proxy shall choose some individual present
to act as chairman.

7.4      Quorum

         Subject to the provisions of Section 7.11, at any meeting of the
Convertible Noteholders a quorum shall consist of Convertible Noteholders
present in Person or by proxy and holding Convertible Notes having an aggregate
principal amount of at least 25 % of the aggregate principal amount of the then
outstanding Convertible Notes, provided that at least two Persons entitled to
vote thereat are personally present. If a quorum of the Convertible Noteholders
shall not be present within 30 minutes from the time fixed for holding any
meeting, the meeting, if summoned by Convertible Noteholders or on a Convertible
Noteholders' Request, shall be dissolved; but in any other case the meeting
shall be adjourned to the same day in the next week (unless such day is not a
Business Day, in which case it shall be adjourned to the next following Business
Day) at the same time and place and no notice of the adjournment need be given.
Any business may be brought before or dealt with at an adjourned meeting which
might have been dealt with at the original meeting in accordance with the notice
calling the same. No business shall be transacted at any meeting unless a quorum
be present at the commencement of business. At the adjourned meeting the
Convertible Noteholders present in Person or by proxy shall form a quorum and
may transact the business for which the meeting was originally convened,
notwithstanding that they do not hold Convertible Notes in an aggregate
principal amount of at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of then
outstanding Convertible Notes.

7.5      Power to Adjourn

         The chairman of any meeting at which a quorum of the Convertible
Noteholders is present may, with the consent of the meeting, adjourn any such
meeting, and no notice of such adjournment need be given except such notice, if
any, as the meeting may prescribe.

7.6      Show of Hands

         Every question submitted to a meeting shall be decided in the first
place by a majority of the votes given on a show of hands except that votes on
an Extraordinary Resolution shall be given in the manner hereinafter provided.
At any such meeting, unless a poll is duly demanded as herein provided, a
declaration by the chairman that a resolution has been carried or carried

<PAGE>
                                       -35-

unanimously or by a particular majority or lost or not carried by a particular
majority shall be conclusive evidence of the fact.

7.7      Poll and Voting

         (a)  On every Extraordinary Resolution, and on any other question
              submitted to a meeting and after a vote by show of hands when
              demanded by the chairman or by one or more of the Convertible
              Noteholders acting in Person or by proxy and holding Convertible
              Notes in the aggregate principal amount of at least 5% of the
              aggregate principal amount of all the Convertible Notes then
              outstanding, a poll shall be taken in such manner as the chairman
              shall direct. Questions other than those required to be determined
              by Extraordinary Resolution shall be decided by a majority of the
              votes cast on the poll.

         (b)  On a show of hands, every Person who is present and entitled to
              vote, whether as a Convertible Noteholder or as proxy for one or
              more absent Convertible Noteholders, or both, shall have one vote.
              On a poll, each Convertible Noteholder present in Person or
              represented by a proxy duly appointed by instrument in writing
              shall be entitled to one vote in respect of each $1,000 principal
              amount of Convertible Note or Convertible Notes then held or
              represented by such holder or Person. A proxy need not be a
              Convertible Noteholder. The chairman of any meeting shall be
              entitled, both on a show of hands and on a poll, to vote in
              respect of the Convertible Notes, if any, held or represented by
              him or her.

7.8      Regulations

         The Trustee, or the Corporation with the approval of the Trustee, may
from time to time make and from time to time vary such regulations as it shall
think fit for:

         (a)  the setting of the record date for a meeting for the purpose of
              determining Convertible Noteholders entitled to receive notice of
              and to vote at the meeting;

         (b)  the issue of voting certificates by any bank, trust company or
              other depositary satisfactory to the Trustee stating that the
              Convertible Note Certificates specified therein have been
              deposited with it by a named Person and will remain on deposit
              until after the meeting, which voting certificate shall entitle
              the Persons named therein to be present and vote at any such
              meeting and at any adjournment thereof or to appoint a proxy or
              proxies to represent them and vote for them at any such meeting
              and at any adjournment thereof in the same manner and with the
              same effect as though the Persons so named in such voting
              certificates were the actual holders of the Convertible Note
              Certificates specified therein;

         (c)  the deposit of voting certificates and instruments appointing
              proxies at such place and time as the Trustee, the Corporation or
              the Convertible Noteholders convening the meeting, as the case may
              be, may in the notice convening the meeting direct;

<PAGE>
                                      -36-

         (d)   the deposit of voting certificates and instruments appointing
               proxies at some approved place or places other than the place at
               which the meeting is to be held and enabling particulars of such
               instruments appointing proxies to be mailed or telecopied before
               the meeting to the Corporation or to the Trustee at the place
               where the same is to be held and for the voting of proxies so
               deposited as though the instruments themselves were produced at
               the meeting;

         (e)   the form of the instrument of proxy; and

         (f)   generally for the calling of meetings of Convertible Noteholders
               and the conduct of business thereat.

Any regulations so made shall be binding and effective and the votes given in
accordance therewith shall be valid and shall be counted. Save as such
regulations may provide, the only Persons who shall be recognized at any meeting
as a Convertible Noteholder, or be entitled to vote or be present at the meeting
in respect thereof (subject to Section 7.9), shall be Convertible Noteholders or
their counsel, or proxies of Convertible Noteholders.

7.9      Corporation and Trustee May be Represented

         The Corporation and the Trustee, by their respective directors and
officers, the counsel for the Corporation and the Counsel for the Trustee may
attend any meeting of the Convertible Noteholders, but shall not be entitled to
vote thereat, whether in respect of any Convertible Notes held by them or
otherwise.

7.10     Powers Exercisable by Extraordinary Resolution

         In addition to all other powers conferred upon them by any other
provisions of this Indenture or by law, the Convertible Noteholders at a meeting
shall, subject to the provisions of Section 7.11, have the power, exercisable
from time to time by Extraordinary Resolution:

         (a)   to agree to any modification, abrogation, alteration, compromise
               or arrangement of the rights of Convertible Noteholders or the
               Trustee in its capacity as trustee hereunder or on behalf of the
               Convertible Noteholders whether such rights arise under this
               Indenture or the Convertible Note Certificates or otherwise and
               to authorize the Trustee to concur in and execute any indenture
               supplemental hereto in connection therewith;

         (b)   to amend, alter or repeal any "Extraordinary Resolution"
               previously passed or sanctioned by the Convertible Noteholders;

         (c)   to direct or to authorize the Trustee to enforce any of the
               covenants on the part of the Corporation contained in this
               Indenture or the Convertible Note Certificates or to enforce any
               of the rights of the Convertible Noteholders in any manner
               specified in such Extraordinary Resolution or to refrain from
               enforcing any such covenant or right;

<PAGE>
                                      -37-

          (d)  to waive, and to direct the Trustee to waive, any default on the
               part of the Corporation in complying with any provisions of this
               Indenture or the Convertible Note Certificates either
               unconditionally or upon any conditions specified in such
               Extraordinary Resolution;

          (e)  to restrain any Convertible Noteholder from taking or instituting
               any suit, action or proceeding against the Corporation for the
               enforcement of any of the covenants on the part of the
               Corporation in this Indenture or the Convertible Note
               Certificates or to enforce any of the rights of the Convertible
               Noteholders;

          (f)  to direct any Convertible Noteholder who, as such, has brought
               any suit, action or proceeding to stay or to discontinue or
               otherwise to deal with the same upon payment of the costs,
               charges and expenses reasonably and properly incurred by such
               Convertible Noteholder in connection therewith;

          (g)  to assent to any change in or omission from the provisions
               contained in the Convertible Note Certificates and this Indenture
               or any ancillary or supplemental instrument which may be agreed
               to by the Corporation, and to authorize the Trustee to concur in
               and execute any ancillary or supplemental indenture embodying the
               change or omission;

          (h)  to remove the Trustee and to appoint a successor Trustee in the
               manner specified in Section 9.7 hereof;

          (i)  to appoint a committee with power and authority to exercise, and
               to direct the Trustee to exercise, on behalf of the Convertible
               Noteholders, such powers of the holders as are exercisable by
               Extraordinary Resolution; and

          (j)  to assent to any compromise or arrangement with any creditor or
               creditors or any class or classes of creditors, whether secured
               or otherwise, and with holders of any shares or other securities
               of the Corporation;

7.11     Meaning of Extraordinary Resolution

          (a)  The expression "Extraordinary Resolution" when used in this
               Indenture means, subject as hereinafter provided in this Section
               7.11 and in Section 7.14, a resolution proposed at a meeting of
               Convertible Noteholders duly convened for that purpose and held
               in accordance with the provisions of this Article 7 at which
               there are present in Person or by proxy Convertible Noteholders
               holding Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal
               to at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of all the then
               outstanding Convertible Notes and passed by the affirmative votes
               of Convertible Noteholders holding Convertible Notes in an
               aggregate principal amount equal to not less than 66 "% of the
               aggregate principal amount of all the then outstanding
               Convertible Notes represented at the meeting and voted on the
               poll upon such resolution.

          (b)  If, at the meeting at which an Extraordinary Resolution is to be
               considered, Convertible Noteholders holding Convertible Notes in
               an aggregate principal

<PAGE>

                                      -38-

               amount equal to at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of
               all the then outstanding Convertible Notes are not present in
               Person or by proxy within 30 minutes after the time appointed for
               the meeting, then the meeting, if convened by Convertible
               Noteholders or on a Convertible Noteholders' Request, shall be
               dissolved; but in any other case it shall stand adjourned to such
               day, being not less than 15 or more than 60 days later, and to
               such place and time as may be appointed by the chairman. Not less
               than ten days prior notice shall be given of the time and place
               of such adjourned meeting in the manner provided for in Section
               10.2. Such notice shall state that at the adjourned meeting the
               Convertible Noteholders present in Person or by proxy shall form
               a quorum but it shall not be necessary to set forth the purposes
               for which the meeting was originally called or any other
               particulars. At the adjourned meeting the Convertible Noteholders
               present in Person or by proxy shall form a quorum and may
               transact the business for which the meeting was originally
               convened and a resolution proposed at such adjourned meeting and
               passed by the requisite vote as provided in subsection 7.11(a)
               shall be an Extraordinary Resolution within the meaning of this
               Indenture notwithstanding that Convertible Noteholders holding
               Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to at
               least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of all the then
               outstanding Convertible Notes are not present in Person or by
               proxy at such adjourned meeting.

          (c)  Votes on an Extraordinary Resolution shall always be given on a
               poll and no demand for a poll on an Extraordinary Resolution
               shall be necessary.

7.12      Powers Cumulative

          Any one or more of the powers or any combination of the powers in this
Indenture stated to be exercisable by the Convertible Noteholders by
Extraordinary Resolution or otherwise may be exercised from time to time and the
exercise of any one or more of such powers or any combination of powers from
time to time shall not be deemed to exhaust the right of the Convertible
Noteholders to exercise such power or powers or combination of powers then or
thereafter from time to time.

7.13      Minutes

          Minutes of all resolutions and proceedings at every meeting of
Convertible Noteholders shall be made and duly entered in books to be provided
from time to time for that purpose by the Trustee at the expense of the
Corporation, and any such minutes as aforesaid, if signed by the chairman or the
secretary of the meeting at which such resolutions were passed or proceedings
had shall be prima facie evidence of the matters therein stated and, until the
contrary is proved, every such meeting in respect of the proceedings of which
minutes shall have been made shall be deemed to have been duly convened and
held, and all resolutions passed thereat or proceedings taken shall be deemed to
have been duly passed and taken.

<PAGE>
                                      -39-

7.14     Instruments in Writing

         All actions which may be taken and all powers that may be exercised by
the Convertible Noteholders at a meeting held as provided in this Article 7 may
also be taken and exercised by Convertible Noteholders holding Convertible Notes
in an aggregate principal amount equal to at least 66 2/3% of the aggregate
principal amount of all the then outstanding Convertible Notes by an instrument
in writing signed in one or more counterparts by such Convertible Noteholders in
Person or by attorney duly appointed in writing, and the expression
"Extraordinary Resolution" when used in this Indenture shall include an
instrument so signed.

7.15     Binding Effect of Resolutions

         Every resolution and every Extraordinary Resolution passed in
accordance with the provisions of this Article 7 at a meeting of Convertible
Noteholders shall be binding upon all the Convertible Noteholders, whether
present at or absent from such meeting, and every instrument in writing signed
by Convertible Noteholders in accordance with Section 7.14 shall be binding upon
all the Convertible Noteholders, whether signatories thereto or not, and each
and every Convertible Noteholder and the Trustee (subject to the provisions for
indemnity herein contained) shall be bound to give effect accordingly to every
such resolution and instrument in writing.

7.16     Holdings by Corporation Disregarded

         In determining whether Convertible Noteholders holding Convertible Note
Certificates evidencing the required principal amount of Convertible Notes then
outstanding are present at a meeting of Convertible Noteholders for the purpose
of determining a quorum or have concurred in any consent, waiver, Extraordinary
Resolution, Convertible Noteholders' Request or other action under this
Indenture, Convertible Notes owned legally or beneficially by the Corporation or
any Subsidiary of the Corporation shall be disregarded in accordance with the
provisions of Section 10.8.

                      ARTICLE 8 - SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

8.1      Provision for Supplemental Indentures for Certain Purposes

         From time to time the Corporation (when authorized by action of the
directors) and the Trustee may, subject to the provisions hereof, and they
shall, when so directed in accordance with the provisions hereof, execute and
deliver by their proper officers, indentures or instruments supplemental hereto,
which thereafter shall form part hereof, for any one or more or all of the
following purposes:

         (a)   adding to the provisions hereof such additional covenants and
               enforcement provisions as, in the opinion of Counsel, are
               necessary or advisable in the premises, provided that the same
               are not in the opinion of the Trustee prejudicial to the
               interests of the Convertible Noteholders;

         (b)   giving effect to any Extraordinary Resolution passed as provided
               in Article 7;

<PAGE>

                                      -40-

          (c)  making such provisions not inconsistent with this Indenture as
               may be necessary or desirable with respect to matters or
               questions arising hereunder, provided that such provisions are
               not, in the opinion of the Trustee, prejudicial to the rights or
               interests of any of the Convertible Noteholders;

          (d)  adding to or altering the provisions hereof in respect of the
               transfer of Convertible Notes, making provision for the exchange
               of Convertible Note Certificates and making any modification in
               the form of the Convertible Note Certificates which does not
               affect the substance thereof;

          (e)  modifying any of the provisions of this Indenture, including
               relieving the Corporation from any of the obligations, conditions
               or restrictions herein contained, provided that such modification
               or relief shall be or become operative or effective only if, in
               the opinion of the Trustee relying on the advice of Counsel, such
               modification or relief in no way prejudices any of the rights of
               the Convertible Noteholders or of the Trustee, and provided
               further that the Trustee may in its sole discretion decline to
               enter into any such supplemental indenture which in its opinion
               may not afford adequate protection to the Trustee when the same
               shall become operative;

          (f)  for any other purpose not inconsistent with the terms of this
               Indenture, including the correction or rectification of any
               ambiguities, defective or inconsistent provisions, errors,
               mistakes or omissions herein, provided that in the opinion of the
               Trustee the rights of the Trustee and of the Convertible
               Noteholders are in no way prejudiced thereby; and

          (g)  to evidence the assumption by any Successor Corporation of the
               obligations under this Indenture as provided in Section 8.2
               hereof.

8.2       Successor Corporations

          In the case of the consolidation, amalgamation, merger or transfer of
the undertaking or assets of the Corporation as an entirety or substantially as
an entirety to another Corporation ("Successor Corporation"), the Successor
Corporation resulting from such consolidation, amalgamation, merger or transfer
(if not the Corporation) shall expressly assume, by supplemental indenture
satisfactory in form to the Trustee and executed and delivered to the Trustee,
the due and punctual performance and observance of each and every covenant and
condition of this Indenture to be performed and observed by the Corporation.

                       ARTICLE 9 - CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

9.1       Trust Indenture Legislation

          (a)  If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits,
               qualifies or conflicts with a mandatory requirement of Applicable
               Legislation, such mandatory requirement shall prevail.

<PAGE>

                                      -41-

         (b)   The Corporation and the Trustee agree that each will, at all
               times in relation to this Indenture and any action to be taken
               hereunder, observe and comply with and be entitled to the
               benefits of Applicable Legislation.

9.2      Rights and Duties of Trustee

         (a)   In the exercise of the rights and duties prescribed or conferred
               by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee shall act honestly
               and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the
               Convertible Noteholders and shall exercise that degree of care,
               diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent trustee would
               exercise in comparable circumstances. No provision of this
               Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from
               liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure
               to act, or its own wilful misconduct or bad faith.

         (b)   The obligation of the Trustee to commence or continue any act,
               action or proceeding for the purpose of enforcing any rights of
               the Trustee or the Convertible Noteholders hereunder shall be
               conditional upon the Convertible Noteholders furnishing, when
               required by notice by the Trustee, sufficient funds to commence
               or to continue such act, action or proceeding and an indemnity
               reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee to protect and to hold
               harmless the Trustee against the costs, charges and expenses and
               liabilities to be incurred thereby and any loss and damage it may
               suffer by reason thereof. None of the provisions contained in
               this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or to risk its
               own funds or otherwise to incur financial liability in the
               performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its
               rights or powers unless indemnified as aforesaid.

         (c)   The Trustee may, before commencing or at any time during the
               continuance of any such act, action or proceeding, require the
               Convertible Noteholders, at whose instance it is acting to
               deposit with the Trustee the Convertible Notes held by them, for
               which Convertible Notes the Trustee shall issue receipts.

         (d)   Every provision of this Indenture that by its terms relieves the
               Trustee of liability or entitles it to rely upon any evidence
               submitted to it is subject to the provisions of Applicable
               Legislation, of this Section 9.2 and of Section 9.3.

9.3      Evidence, Experts and Advisers

         (a)   In addition to the reports, certificates, opinions and other
               evidence required by this Indenture, the Corporation shall
               furnish to the Trustee such additional evidence of compliance
               with any provision hereof, and in such form, as may be prescribed
               by Applicable Legislation or as the Trustee may reasonably
               require by written notice to the Corporation.

         (b)   In the exercise of its rights and duties hereunder, the Trustee
               may, if it is acting in good faith, rely as to the truth of the
               statements and the accuracy of the opinions expressed in
               statutory declarations, opinions, reports, written requests,
               consents, or orders of the Corporation, certificates of the
               Corporation or other evidence

<PAGE>

                                       -42-

               furnished to the Trustee pursuant to a request of the Trustee,
               provided that such evidence complies with Applicable Legislation
               and that the Trustee complies with Applicable Legislation and
               that the Trustee examines the same and determines that such
               evidence complies with the applicable requirements of this
               Indenture.

         (c)   Whenever it is provided in this Indenture or under Applicable
               Legislation that the Corporation shall deposit with the Trustee
               resolutions, certificates, reports, opinions, requests, orders or
               other documents, it is intended that the truth, accuracy and good
               faith on the effective date thereof and the facts and opinions
               stated in all such documents so deposited shall, in each and
               every such case, be conditions precedent to the right of the
               Corporation to have the Trustee take the action to be based
               thereon.

          (d)  Proof of the execution of an instrument in writing, including a
               Convertible Noteholders' Request, by any Convertible Noteholder
               may be made by the certificate of a notary public, or other
               officer with similar powers, that the Person signing such
               instrument acknowledged to it the execution thereof, or by an
               affidavit of a witness to such execution or in any other manner
               which the Trustee may consider adequate.

          (e)  The Trustee may employ or retain such Counsel, accountants,
               appraisers or other experts or advisers as it may reasonably
               require for the purpose of determining and discharging its duties
               hereunder and may pay reasonable remuneration for all services so
               performed by any of them, without taxation of costs of any
               Counsel, and shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
               negligence on the part of any such experts or advisers who have
               been appointed with due care by the Trustee. The Corporation
               shall pay or reimburse the Trustee for any reasonable
               remuneration, expenses, disbursements and advances of such
               Counsel, accountant, appraiser or other expert or advisor.

          (f)  The Trustee may act and rely and shall be protected in acting and
               relying in good faith on the opinion or advice of or information
               obtained from any counsel, accountant or other expert or advisor,
               whether retained or employed by the Corporation or by the
               Trustee, in relation to any matter arising in the administration
               of the trusts hereof.

9.4       Actions by Trustee to Protect Interest

          The Trustee shall have power to institute and to maintain such actions
and proceedings as it may consider necessary or expedient to preserve, protect
or enforce its interests and the interests of the Convertible Noteholders.

9.5       Trustee Not Required to Give Security

          The Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or security in
respect of the execution of the trusts and powers of this Indenture or otherwise
in respect of the premises.

<PAGE>

                                       -43-

9.6      Protection of Trustee

         Except as provided in Section 9.2, by way of supplement to the
provisions of any law for the time being relating to trustees it is expressly
declared and agreed as follows:

         (a)   the Trustee shall not be liable for or by reason of any
               statements of fact or recitals in this Indenture or in the
               Convertible Note Certificates (except the representation
               contained in Section 9.8 or in the certificate of the Trustee on
               the Convertible Note Certificates) or be required to verify the
               same, but all such statements or recitals are and shall be deemed
               to be made by the Corporation;

         (b)   nothing herein contained shall impose any obligation on the
               Trustee to see to or to require evidence of the registration or
               filing (or renewal thereof) of this Indenture or any instrument
               ancillary or supplemental hereto;

         (c)   the Trustee shall not incur any liability or responsibility
               whatsoever, or be in any way responsible for the consequence of
               any breach on the part of the Corporation of any of the covenants
               herein contained or of any acts of any directors, officers,
               employees, agents or servants of the Corporation; and

         (d)   the Corporation hereby indemnifies and saves harmless the Trustee
               and its officers, directors and employees from and against any
               and all liabilities, losses, costs, actions, or demands
               whatsoever which may be brought against the Trustee or which it
               may suffer or incur as a result of or arising out of the
               performance of its duties and obligations under this Indenture,
               save only in the event of the negligent action, the negligent
               failure to act or the wilful misconduct or bad faith of the
               Trustee. It is understood and agreed that this indemnification
               shall survive the termination or discharge of this Indenture or
               the resignation or removal of the Trustee.

9.7      Replacement of Trustee; Successor by Merger

         (a)   The Trustee may resign its trust and be discharged from all
               further duties and liabilities hereunder, subject to this Section
               9.7, by giving to the Corporation not less than 30 days prior
               notice in writing or such shorter prior notice as the Corporation
               may accept as sufficient. The Convertible Noteholders by
               Extraordinary Resolution shall have power at any time to remove
               the existing Trustee and to appoint a new trustee. In the event
               of the Trustee resigning or being removed as aforesaid or being
               dissolved, becoming bankrupt, going into liquidation or otherwise
               becoming incapable of acting hereunder, the Corporation shall
               forthwith appoint a new trustee unless a new trustee has already
               been appointed by the Convertible Noteholders; failing such
               appointment by the Corporation, the retiring Trustee at the
               Corporation's expense or any Convertible Noteholder may apply to
               a justice of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice on such notice
               as such justice may direct, for the appointment of a new trustee;
               but any new trustee so appointed by the Corporation or by the
               Court shall be subject to removal as aforesaid by the Convertible
               Noteholders. Any new trustee appointed

<PAGE>

                                       -44-

               under any provision of this Section 9.7 shall be a corporation
               authorized to carry on the business of a trust company in the
               Qualifying Jurisdictions and, if required by the Applicable
               Legislation for any other provinces, in such other provinces. On
               any such appointment the new trustee shall be vested with the
               same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if it had
               been originally named herein as trustee under this Indenture.

         (b)   Upon the appointment of a successor trustee, the Corporation
               shall promptly notify the Convertible Noteholders thereof in the
               manner provided for in Section 10.2 hereof.

         (c)   Any corporation into or with which the Trustee may be merged or
               consolidated or amalgamated, or any corporation resulting
               therefrom to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
               corporation succeeding to the trust business of the Trustee shall
               be the successor to the Trustee hereunder without any further act
               on its part or any of the parties hereto, provided that such
               corporation would he eligible for appointment as a successor
               trustee under subsection 9.7(a).

         (d)   Any Convertible Note Certificates certified but not delivered by
               a predecessor trustee may be certified and delivered by the
               successor trustee in the name of the predecessor or successor
               trustee.

9.8      Conflict of Interest

         (a)   The Trustee represents to the Corporation that at the time of
               execution and delivery hereof no material conflict of interest
               exists between its role as a trustee hereunder and its role in
               any other capacity and agrees that in the event of a material
               conflict of interest arising hereafter it will, within 90 days
               after ascertaining that it has such material conflict of
               interest, either eliminate the same or assign its trust hereunder
               to a successor trustee approved by the Corporation and meeting
               the requirements set forth in subsection 9.7(a). Notwithstanding
               the foregoing provisions of this subsection 9.8(a), if any such
               material conflict of interest exists or hereafter shall exist,
               the validity and enforceability of this Indenture and the
               Convertible Note Certificate shall not be affected in any manner
               whatsoever by reason thereof.

         (b)   Subject to subsection 9.8(a), the Trustee, in its personal or any
               other capacity, may buy, lend upon and deal in securities of the
               Corporation and generally may contract and enter into financial
               transactions with the Corporation or any Subsidiary of the
               Corporation without being liable to account for any profit made
               thereby.

9.9      Acceptance of Trust

         The Trustee hereby accepts the trusts in this Indenture declared and
provided for and agrees to perform the same upon the terms and conditions herein
set forth.

<PAGE>

                                       -45-

9.10     Trustee Not to be Appointed Receiver

         The Trustee and any Person related to the Trustee shall not be
appointed a receiver, a receiver and manager or liquidator of all or any part of
the assets or undertaking of the Corporation.

                              ARTICLE 10 - GENERAL

10.1     Notice to the Corporation and the Trustee

         (a)   Unless herein otherwise expressly provided, any notice to be
               given hereunder to the Corporation or to the Trustee shall be
               deemed to be validly given if delivered, sent by registered
               letter, postage prepaid or telecopied:

               If to the Corporation:

                           Certicom Corp
                           25801 Industrial Blvd.
                           Hayward, California 94545 U.S.A.

                           Telecopy:        (510) 780-5401
                           Attention:       President

               If to the Trustee:

                           Computershare Trust Company of Canada
                           100 University Avenue
                           11th Floor
                           Toronto, Ontario
                           M5J 2Y1

                           Telecopy:        (416) 981-9777
                           Attention:       Manager, Corporate Trust Department

               and any such notice delivered in accordance with the foregoing
               shall be deemed to have been received on the date of delivery or,
               if mailed, on the third Business Day following the date of the
               postmark on such notice or, if telecopied, on the next Business
               Day following the date of transmission provided that its contents
               are transmitted and received completely and accurately.

         (b)   The Corporation or the Trustee, as the case may be, may from time
               to time notify the other in the manner provided in this Section
               10.1 of a change of address which, from the effective date of
               such notice and until changed by like notice, shall be the
               address of the Corporation or the Trustee, as the case may be,
               for all

<PAGE>

                                       -46-

                  purposes of this Indenture. A copy of any notice of change of
                  address given pursuant to this subsection 10.1(b) shall be
                  sent to the Convertible Note Agency, and shall be available
                  for inspection by Convertible Noteholders during normal
                  business hours.

         (c)      If, by reason of a strike, lockout or other work stoppage,
                  actual or threatened, involving postal employees, any notice
                  to be given to the Trustee or to the Corporation hereunder
                  could reasonably be considered unlikely to reach its
                  destination, such notice shall be valid and effective only if
                  it is delivered or sent by telecopy or other means of prepaid,
                  transmitted and recorded communication.

10.2     Notice to Convertible Noteholders

         (a)      Any notice to the Convertible Noteholders under the provisions
                  of this Indenture shall be valid and effective if delivered or
                  sent by ordinary mail addressed to such holders at their post
                  office addresses appearing on the register of holders
                  maintained by the Trustee and shall be deemed to have been
                  effectively given on the date of delivery or, if mailed, on
                  the third Business Day following the date of the postmark on
                  such notice.

         (b)      If, by reason of a strike, lockout or other work stoppage,
                  actual or threatened, involving postal employees, any notice
                  to be given to the Convertible Noteholders hereunder could
                  reasonably be considered unlikely to reach its destination,
                  such notice shall be valid and effective only if it is
                  delivered or is published twice in the Report on Business
                  section of the Globe and Mail newspaper.

10.3     Ownership of Convertible Notes

         The Corporation and the Trustee may deem and treat the registered owner
of any Convertible Notes as the absolute owner thereof for all purposes, and the
Corporation and the Trustee shall not be affected by any notice or knowledge to
the contrary except where the Corporation or the Trustee is required to take
such notice by statute or by order of a court of competent jurisdiction. A
Convertible Noteholder shall be entitled to the rights evidenced by the
Convertible Notes held by such holder free from all equities or rights of set
off or counterclaim between the Corporation and the original or any intermediate
holder of the Convertible Notes and all Persons may act accordingly. The receipt
by any such Convertible Noteholder of the Convertible Debentures which may be
acquired pursuant to the exercise of Convertible Notes held by such holder,
shall be a good discharge to the Corporation and the Trustee for the same and
neither the Corporation nor the Trustee shall be bound to inquire into the title
of any such holder except where the Corporation or the Trustee is required to
take such notice by statute or by order of a court of competent jurisdiction.

10.4     Evidence of Ownership

         (a)      Upon receipt of a certificate of any bank, trust company or
                  other depositary satisfactory to the Trustee stating that the
                  Convertible Note Certificates specified therein have been
                  deposited by a named Person with such bank, trust company or
                  other depositary and will remain so deposited until the expiry
                  of the period

<PAGE>

                                       -47-

                  specified therein, the Corporation and the Trustee may treat
                  the Person so named as the owner thereof, and such certificate
                  as sufficient evidence of the ownership by such Person of the
                  Convertible Notes represented thereby during such period, for
                  the purpose of any requisition, direction, consent, instrument
                  or other document to be made, signed or given by the holder of
                  the Convertible Note Certificate so deposited.

         (b)      The Corporation and the Trustee may accept as sufficient
                  evidence of the fact and date of the signing of any
                  requisition, direction, consent, instrument or other document
                  by any Person, by (i) the signature of any officer of any
                  bank, trust company, or other depositary satisfactory to the
                  Trustee as witness of such execution, (ii) the certificate of
                  any notary public or other officer authorized to take
                  acknowledgments of deeds to be recorded at the place where
                  such certificate is made that the Person signing acknowledged
                  to him the execution thereof, (iii) a satisfactory statutory
                  declaration of a witness of such execution, or (iv) any other
                  documentation satisfactory to the Corporation and the Trustee.

10.5     Counterparts

         This Indenture may be executed in several counterparts, each of which
when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and such counterparts
together shall constitute one and the same instrument and notwithstanding their
date of execution they shall be deemed to be dated as of the date hereof.

10.6     Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture

         Upon the earlier of:

         (a)      the date by which there shall have been delivered to the
                  Trustee for exercise or destruction all Convertible Note
                  Certificates theretofore certified hereunder; and

         (b)      the Time of Expiry;

and if all certificates representing Convertible Debentures required to be
issued in compliance with the provisions hereof have been issued and delivered
hereunder in accordance with such provisions this Indenture shall cease to be of
further effect and the Trustee, on demand of and at the cost and expense of the
Corporation and upon delivery to the Trustee of a certificate of the Corporation
stating that all conditions precedent to the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture have been complied with, shall execute proper instruments
acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the indemnities provided to the Trustee by the Corporation hereunder
shall remain in full force and effect and survive the termination of this
Indenture.

10.7     Provisions of Indenture and Convertible Notes for the Sole Benefit of
         Parties and Convertible Noteholders

         Nothing in this Indenture or in the Convertible Note Certificates,
expressed or implied shall give or be construed to give to any Person other than
the parties hereto and the Convertible

<PAGE>

                                       -48-

Noteholders, as the case may be, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim
under this Indenture, or under any covenant or provision herein or therein
contained, all such covenants and provisions being for the sole benefit of the
parties hereto and the Convertible Noteholders.

10.8     Convertible Notes Owned by the Corporation or its Subsidiaries -
         Certificate to be Provided

         For the purpose of disregarding any Convertible Notes owned legally or
beneficially by the Corporation or any Subsidiary of the Corporation as
contemplated in Section 7.16, the Corporation shall, upon the request of the
Trustee, provide to the Trustee, from time to time, a certificate of the
Corporation setting forth at the date of such certificate:

         (a)      the names (other than the name of the Corporation) of the
                  registered holders of Convertible Notes which, to the
                  knowledge of the Corporation, are owned by or held for the
                  account of the Corporation or any Subsidiary of the
                  Corporation; and

         (b)      the number of Convertible Notes owned by or held for the
                  account of the Corporation or any Subsidiary of the
                  Corporation;

and the Trustee, in making the computations in Section 7.16, shall be entitled
to rely on such certificate without any additional evidence.

10.9     Further Assurances

         The parties hereto and each of them do hereby covenant and agree to do
such things and execute such further documents, agreements and assurances as may
be necessary or advisable from time to time in order to carry out the terms and
conditions of this Indenture in accordance with their true intent.

10.10    Unenforceable Terms

         If any term, covenant or condition of this Indenture, or the
applicability thereof to any party or circumstance shall be invalid or
unenforceable to any extent, the remainder of this Indenture or application of
such term, covenant or condition to a party or circumstance other than those to
which it is held invalid or unenforceable shall not be affected thereby and each
remaining term, covenant or condition of this Indenture shall be valid and shall
be enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law.

10.11    Governing Law

         This Indenture shall be governed by and construed in accordance with
the laws of the Province of Ontario and the laws of Canada applicable therein.
Each of the parties irrevocably attorns to the exclusive jurisdiction of the
courts of the Province of Ontario with respect to all matters arising out of
this Indenture and the transactions contemplated herein.

<PAGE>

                                       -49-

10.12    Enurement

         This Indenture shall benefit and bind the parties to it and their
respective successors and assigns.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have executed this Indenture
under the hands of their proper offices in that behalf on the day and year first
above written.

CERTICOM CORP.                              COMPUTERSHARE TRUST
                                            COMPANY OF CANADA

Per: ____________________________           Per: _______________________________

Per: ____________________________           Per: _______________________________

<PAGE>

                  THIS IS SCHEDULE "A" to the Convertible Note Indenture made as
                  of August 30, 2001 between Certicom Corp. and Computershare
                  Trust Company of Canada

                          CONVERTIBLE NOTE CERTIFICATE

                                 CERTICOM CORP.
                (Continued under the laws of the Yukon Territory)

CONVERTIBLE NOTE
CERTIFICATE NO._________
                                            ------------------------------------
                                             aggregate principal amount of
                                             CONVERTIBLE NOTES entitling the
                                             holder to acquire an aggregate
                                             principal amount of Convertible
                                             Debentures equal to the aggregate
                                             principal amount of the Convertible
                                             Notes represented hereby.

THE CONVERTIBLE NOTES REPRESENTED BY THIS CONVERTIBLE NOTE CERTIFICATE ARE
SUBJECT TO STATUTORY RESALE RESTRICTIONS UNDER THE APPLICABLE SECURITIES
LEGISLATION OF THE PROVINCE IN WHICH YOU RESIDE. IN THE EVENT THAT THE
CORPORATION IS UNABLE TO OBTAIN A RECEIPT FOR THE (FINAL) PROSPECTUS FROM THE
SECURITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF THE PROVINCE IN WHICH YOU RESIDE, OR THAT THE
CONVERTIBLE NOTES ARE EXERCISED PRIOR TO THE ISSUANCE OF SUCH RECEIPT, THE
CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES ISSUABLE ON EXERCISE OF THE CONVERTIBLE NOTES AND THE
COMMON SHARES ISSUABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF THE CONVERTIBLE
DEBENTURES MAY BE SUBJECT TO STATUTORY RESALE RESTRICTIONS UNDER THE APPLICABLE
SECURITIES LEGISLATION OF THAT PROVINCE. A LEGEND TO THIS EFFECT MAY BE PLACED
ON CERTIFICATES EVIDENCING SUCH CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND COMMON SHARES UNTIL
SUCH STATUTORY RESALE RESTRICTIONS ARE NO LONGER APPLICABLE IN THE SOLE
DISCRETION OF THE CORPORATION. YOU ARE ADVISED TO CONSULT YOUR OWN LEGAL
ADVISORS IN THIS REGARD.

                   THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT FOR VALUE RECEIVED

________________________________________________________________________________
                                     (Name)

(hereinafter referred to as the "holder") is entitled to acquire in the manner
and subject to the terms hereof and of the Indenture (as hereinafter defined),
at any time and from time to time until 5:00 p.m. (Toronto time) (the "Time of
Expiry") on the date (the "Expiry Date") which is five Business Days following
the earlier of: (a) the date on which all required receipts for the Final
Prospectus are issued by the Securities Commissions relating to the distribution
of Convertible Debentures to the holders of Convertible Notes upon the exercise
of Convertible Notes; and (b)

<PAGE>

                                      -2-

August 30, 2002, Convertible Debentures due August 30, 2004 (the "Convertible
Debentures") of Certicom Corp. (the "Corporation"), issued under the Convertible
Debenture Trust Indenture made as of August 30, 2001 between the Corporation and
the Trustee, in an aggregate principal amount equal to the aggregate principal
amount of the Convertible Notes represented hereby exercised by the holder, for
each integral multiple of $1,000 of principal amount of Convertible Notes
represented hereby exercised by the holder.

         Upon issuance of the Convertible Notes represented hereby the aggregate
amount of funds paid for such Convertible Notes shall be paid to the Escrow
Agent.

         The right to acquire Convertible Debentures may only be exercised by
the holder within the time set forth above by:

         (a)  duly completing and executing the Exercise Form attached hereto;
              and

         (b)  surrendering this Convertible Note Certificate to the Trustee at
              the principal office of the Trustee in the City of Toronto.

         This Convertible Note Certificate shall be deemed to be surrendered
only upon personal delivery hereof to, or, if sent by mail or other means of
transmission, upon actual receipt hereof by, the Trustee at the office referred
to above.

         Upon due completion and execution of the Exercise Form and the
surrender of this Convertible Note Certificate in accordance with the terms and
conditions of the Indenture, the Person(s) in whose name the Convertible
Debentures issuable upon exercise of the Convertible Notes represented hereby
are to be issued shall be deemed for all purposes (except as provided in the
Indenture) to be the holder or holders of record of such Convertible Debentures
on the Exercise Date, and the Corporation has covenanted that it will (subject
to the provisions of the Indenture) cause certificates representing such
Convertible Debentures to be mailed or delivered to the Person or Persons at the
address or addresses specified in the Exercise Form within five Business Days.

         The registered holder of the Convertible Notes represented hereby may
acquire any lesser principal amount of Convertible Debentures than the aggregate
principal amount of the Convertible Notes represented by this Convertible Note
Certificate. In such event, the holder shall be entitled to receive a new
Convertible Note Certificate for the unexercised portion of the Convertible
Notes represented hereby. Convertible Debentures will only be issued in
denominations of $1,000 and multiples thereof.

         At the Time of Expiry on the Expiry Date, the Convertible Notes
represented hereby shall be deemed to have been exercised immediately prior to
the Time of Expiry (unless the Convertible Notes represented hereby have been
previously exercised) to convert such Convertible Notes into Convertible
Debentures and the certificates representing such Convertible Debentures will be
issued to the holder of this Convertible Note Certificate upon surrender to the
Trustee at the principal office of the Trustee in the City of Toronto and
thereupon the Convertible Notes represented hereby be deemed to be cancelled and
of no further force and effect. On the second Business Day following the Expiry
Date, the Corporation shall notify

<PAGE>

                                      -3-

holders of the Convertible Notes that if they have not exercised such
Convertible Notes prior to the Time of Expiry that such Convertible Notes have
been deemed to be exercised.

         The Convertible Notes represented by this certificate are issued under
and pursuant to a Convertible Note Trust Indenture (hereinafter referred to as
the "Indenture") made as of August 30, 2001 between the Corporation and the
Trustee. Reference is made to the Indenture and any instruments supplemental
thereto for a full description of the rights of the holder of this Convertible
Note Certificate and the terms and conditions upon which the Convertible Notes
are, or are to be, issued and held, with the same effect as if the provisions of
the Indenture and all instruments supplemental thereto were herein set forth. By
acceptance hereof, the holder assents to all provisions of the Indenture.
Capitalized terms used herein have the same meaning as in the Indenture, unless
otherwise defined herein. To the extent the terms and conditions set forth in
this Convertible Note Certificate conflict with the terms and conditions of the
Indenture, the Indenture shall prevail. The Corporation will furnish to the
holder of this Convertible Note Certificate, upon request and without charge, a
copy of the Indenture.

         The Convertible Notes represented hereby shall bear interest from the
Effective Date or the date of issue, whichever is later, at the rate of 7.25%
per annum, after as well as before default, with interest on overdue interest at
the same rate. Interest shall be based on a 365 or 366 day year, as the case may
be, and shall be calculated semi-annually not in advance from the Effective Date
or the date of issue of the Convertible Notes, whichever is later, or from the
last interest payment date to which interest has been paid or made available for
payment on the Convertible Notes, whichever is later, and shall be paid in like
money semi-annually on February 28 and August 30, commencing on February 28,
2002, unless this Convertible Note shall have been previously exercised as duly
provided for.

         As the interest on the Convertible Notes becomes due (except interest
payable at maturity which may be paid upon presentation and surrender of such
Convertible Notes for payment), the Corporation, either directly or indirectly
through the Trustee, shall forward or cause to be forwarded by prepaid ordinary
mail at least three (3) Business Days prior to the interest payment date, to the
holder for the time being, or, in the case of joint holders, to one of such
joint holders (failing written instructions to the contrary from all of such
joint holders), at the holder's address appearing on the register, a cheque for
such interest (less any tax required to be deducted), payable to or to the order
of such holder or holders and negotiable at par. The forwarding of such cheque
shall satisfy and discharge the liability for the interest upon the Convertible
Notes to the extent of the sums represented thereby (plus the amount of any tax
deducted as aforesaid) unless such cheque is not paid on presentation; provided
that in the event of the non-receipt of such cheque by such registered holder or
the loss or destruction thereof, the Corporation, upon being furnished with
reasonable evidence of such non-receipt, loss or destruction and indemnity
reasonably satisfactory to it, shall issue or cause to be issued to such
registered holder a replacement cheque for the amount of such cheque.

         If for any reason, the exercise of Convertible Notes in accordance with
the terms hereof is prohibited by law or does not take place as contemplated in
the Indenture (including by order of any securities regulatory authority or
court of competent jurisdiction) such Convertible Notes shall, notwithstanding
anything to the contrary herein contained, remain valid and outstanding,

<PAGE>

                                      -4-

and shall continue to accrue interest at the rate herein provided and shall be
due and payable in full on the sixth Business Day following the Expiry Date.

         The registered holder of this Convertible Note Certificate may, at any
time prior to the Time of Expiry, upon surrender hereof to the Trustee at its
principal office in the City of Toronto, exchange this Convertible Note
Certificate for other Convertible Note Certificates entitling the holder to
acquire, in the aggregate, the same aggregate principal amount of Convertible
Debentures as may be acquired on exercise of the Convertible Notes represented
by this Certificate.

         The holding of the Convertible Notes evidenced by this Convertible Note
Certificate shall not entitle the holder to any right or interest in respect of
the Corporation except as expressly provided in the Indenture and in this
Convertible Note Certificate.

         The Indenture provides that all holders of Convertible Notes shall be
bound by any resolution passed at a meeting of the holders held in accordance
with the provisions of the Indenture and resolutions signed by the holders of
Convertible Notes of 66"% of the principal amount of all then outstanding
Convertible Notes.

         Subject to the Corporation's right to purchase the Convertible Notes
under the Indenture and to any restriction under applicable law or policy of any
applicable regulatory body, the Convertible Notes evidenced by this Convertible
Note Certificate may be transferred on the register kept at the principal
offices of the Trustee in the City of Toronto by the registered holder hereof or
its legal representatives or its attorney duly appointed by an instrument in
writing in form and execution satisfactory to the Trustee, only upon compliance
with the conditions prescribed in the Indenture and upon compliance with such
reasonable requirements as the Trustee may prescribe.

         This Convertible Note Certificate shall not be valid for any purpose
whatever unless and until it has been certified by or on behalf of the Trustee.

<PAGE>

                                      -5-

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF the Corporation has caused this Convertible Note
Certificate to be signed by its duly authorized officer as of the 30th day of
August, 2001.

                                               CERTICOM CORP.

                                               Per:  ___________________________
                                                       President

                                               Per:  ___________________________

Certified by:

COMPUTERSHARE TRUST
COMPANY OF CANADA,
as Trustee

Per:   _________________________________

<PAGE>

                          TRANSFER OF CONVERTIBLE NOTES

   FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers to

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

$__________________________ principal amount of Convertible Notes of Certicom
Corp. registered in the name of the undersigned on the records of Certicom Corp.
maintained by Computershare Trust Company of Canada represented by the
Convertible Note Certificate attached hereto, together with any rights of action
for rescission or otherwise available to the undersigned, and irrevocably
appoints __________________________ the attorney of the undersigned to transfer
the said securities on the books or register with full power of substitution.

DATED ____________________________

__________________________________      ____________________________________
Signature Medallion Guaranteed          (Signature of Convertible Noteholder)

Instructions:

1.   Signature of the Convertible Noteholder must be the signature of the Person
     appearing on the face of this Convertible Note Certificate.

2.   If the Transfer Form is signed by a trustee, executor, administrator,
     curator, guardian, attorney, officer of a corporation or any Person acting
     in a fiduciary or representative capacity, the certificate must be
     accompanied by evidence of authority to sign satisfactory to the Trustee
     and the Corporation.

3.   The signature on the Transfer Form must be signature guaranteed by a
     Canadian chartered bank or a major Canadian trust company or by a medallion
     signature guarantee from a member of a recognized Medallion Signature
     Guarantee Program.

4.   Convertible Notes shall only be transferable in accordance with applicable
     laws. The transfer of Convertible Notes to a purchaser not resident in the
     Qualifying Jurisdictions (as defined in the Indenture under which the
     Convertible Notes represented by the Convertible Note Certificate have been
     issued) may result in the Convertible Debentures obtained upon the exercise
     of the Convertible Notes and the Common Shares obtained in accordance with
     the terms of the Convertible Debentures (whether after or before obtaining
     receipts for a final prospectus relating to the distribution of Convertible
     Debentures upon exercise of Convertible Notes in such Qualifying
     Jurisdictions) not being freely tradeable in the jurisdiction of the
     purchaser.

<PAGE>

                                  EXERCISE FORM

TO:       ______________________________________________________________________

AND TO:   ______________________________________________________________________

     The undersigned hereby exercises the right to acquire $___________________
principal amount of Convertible Debentures of Certicom Corp. in accordance with
and subject to the provisions of the Indenture referred to in the accompanying
Convertible Note Certificate.

THE SENIOR CONVERTIBLE UNSECURED SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES ARE TO BE ISSUED AS
FOLLOWS:

Name:                                          _________________________________
                                               (Print Clearly)

Address in Full:                               _________________________________

                                               _________________________________

Social Insurance Number:                       _________________________________

Aggregate Number of Convertible Debentures:    _________________________________

Note: If further nominees intended, please attach (and initial) schedule giving
these nominees.

DATED:   _____________________________

______________________________________     _____________________________________
Signature Medallion Guaranteed             Signature of Convertible Noteholder

______________________________________     Address in Full
Print Name in Full

                                           _____________________________________

<PAGE>

                  THIS IS SCHEDULE "B" to the Convertible Note Indenture made
                  as of August 30, 2001 between Certicom Corp. and Computershare
                  Trust Company of Canada

                                ESCROW DIRECTION

TO:  Computershare Trust Company of Canada (the "Escrow Agent")

     Reference is made to the Escrow and Custodial Agreement dated as of August
30, 2001 (the "Escrow Agreement") between Certicom Corp. (the "Corporation"),
Computershare Trust Company of Canada, as escrow agent, and Yorkton Securities
Inc. and to the Convertible Notes Trust Indenture dated as of August 30, 2001
(the "Indenture") between the Corporation and Computershare Trust Company of
Canada. Capitalized terms used, but not otherwise defined, herein shall have the
meanings given to them in the Indenture.

     The Corporation hereby represents and warrants that (i) it did not obtain a
Receipt prior to the Receipt Deadline, and (ii) pursuant to Redemption Election
Notices delivered to the Corporation in accordance with the terms of the
Indenture, the Corporation shall redeem, on the Redemption Date, [all/$.
aggregate principal amount] of the Convertible Notes at a price per Convertible
Note equal to the Redemption Price.

     The Corporation hereby irrevocably authorizes and directs the Escrow Agent
to deliver or cause to be paid to the Trustee the sum of $_____________ from the
Subscription Funds and to pay the balance of the Subscription Funds, if any, to
the Corporation.

     DATED: ______________________.

                                                  CERTICOM CORP.

                                                  Per:   _______________________
                                                         Name:
                                                         Title:

<PAGE>

                  THIS IS SCHEDULE "C" to the Convertible Note Indenture made
                  as of August 30, 2001 between Certicom Corp. and Computershare
                  Trust Company of Canada

                           REDEMPTION ELECTION NOTICE

TO:         Certicom Corp.
AND TO:     Computershare Trust Company of Canada

     Reference is made to the Convertible Notes Trust Indenture dated as of
August 30, 2001 (the "Indenture") between Certicom Corp. (the "Company") and
Computershare Trust Company of Canada. Capitalized terms used, but not otherwise
defined, herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture.

     The undersigned hereby exercises the right to require the Corporation to
redeem, on the Redemption Date, all, but not less than all, of the Convertible
Notes registered in the name of the undersigned.

     The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that, in the event that Convertible
Noteholders representing in the aggregate more than 50% of the aggregate
principal amount of the Convertible Notes outstanding on September 28, 2001
elect to cause the Corporation to redeem the Convertible Notes held by such
Convertible Noteholders, the Convertible Notes held by the undersigned shall be
redeemed by the Corporation on the Redemption Date at a price per Convertible
Note equal to the Redemption Price.

     DATED: ___________________________.

_______________________________________    _____________________________________
Signature Medallion Guaranteed             Signature of Convertible Noteholder

_______________________________________    Address in Full
Print Name in Full
                                           _____________________________________

                                           _____________________________________

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