Document:

Motive, Inc. 1997 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan

 Exhibit 4.5 
  

MOTIVE, INC. 
 1997 STOCK
OPTION/STOCK ISSUANCE PLAN 
  
 ARTICLE I 
  
 GENERAL PROVISIONS  
  

	I.	PURPOSE OF THE PLAN 

  
 This 1997 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan is intended to promote the interests of Motive, Inc., a Delaware corporation, by providing eligible persons
with the opportunity to acquire a proprietary interest, or otherwise increase their proprietary interest, in the Corporation as an incentive for them to remain in the service of the Corporation. 
  
 Capitalized terms shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the
attached Appendix. 
  

	II.	STRUCTURE OF THE PLAN 

  
 A. The Plan shall be divided into two (2) separate equity programs: 
  
 (i) the Option Grant Program under which eligible persons may, at the discretion of the Plan Administrator,
be granted options to purchase shares of Common Stock, and 
  
 (ii) the Stock Issuance Program under which eligible persons may, at the discretion of the Plan Administrator, be issued shares of Common Stock directly, either through the immediate purchase of such shares or as a
bonus for services rendered the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary). 
  
 B. The provisions of Articles One and Four shall apply to both equity programs under the Plan and shall accordingly govern the interests of all persons under the Plan. 
  

	III.	ADMINISTRATION OF THE PLAN 

  
 A. The Plan shall be administered by the Board. However, any or all administrative functions otherwise exercisable by the Board may be delegated to the
Committee. Members of the Committee shall serve for such period of time as the Board may determine and may be removed by the Board at any time. The Board may also at any time terminate the functions of the Committee and reassume all powers and
authority previously delegated to the Committee. 
  
 B. The Plan
Administrator shall have full power and authority to establish such rules and regulations as it may deem appropriate for proper administration of the Plan and to make such determinations under, and issue such interpretations of, the Plan and any

  

 
outstanding options or stock issuances thereunder as it may deem necessary or advisable. Decisions of the Plan Administrator shall be final and binding on
all parties who have an interest in the Plan or any option or stock issuance thereunder. 
  

	IV.	ELIGIBILITY 

  
 A. The persons eligible to participate in the Plan are as follows: 
  
 (i) Employees, 
  
 (ii) non-employee members of the Board or the board of directors of any Parent or Subsidiary, and 
  
 (iii) consultants and other independent advisors who provide
services to the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary). 
  
 B.
The Plan Administrator shall have full authority to determine, (i) with respect to the option grants under the Option Grant Program, which eligible persons are to receive option grants, the time or times when such option grants are to be made, the
number of shares to be covered by each such grant, the status of the granted option as either an Incentive Option or a Non-Statutory Option, the time or times at which each option is to become exercisable, the vesting schedule (if any) applicable to
the option shares and the maximum term for which the option is to remain outstanding and (ii) with respect to stock issuances under the Stock Issuance Program, which eligible persons are to receive stock issuances, the time or times when such
issuances are to be made, the number of shares to be issued to each Participant, the vesting schedule (if any) applicable to the issued shares and the consideration to be paid for such shares. 
  
 C. The Plan Administrator shall have the absolute discretion either to grant
options in accordance with the Option Grant Program or to effect stock issuances in accordance with the Stock Issuance Program. 
  

	V.	STOCK SUBJECT TO THE PLAN 

  
 A. The stock issuable under the Plan shall be shares of authorized but unissued or reacquired Common Stock. The maximum number of shares of Common Stock
which may be issued over the term of the Plan shall not exceed 12,811,759 shares. 
  
 B. Shares of Common Stock subject to outstanding options shall be available for subsequent issuance under the Plan to the extent (i) the options expire or terminate for any reason prior to exercise in full or (ii) the
options are cancelled in accordance with the cancellation-regrant provisions of Article Two. Unvested shares issued under the Plan, and subsequently repurchased by the Corporation, at the original issue price paid per share, pursuant to the
Corporation’s repurchase rights under the Plan, shall be added back to the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Plan and shall accordingly be available for reissuance through one or more subsequent option grants or
direct stock issuances under the Plan. 
  

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 C. Should any change be made to the Common Stock by reason of any stock split, stock dividend,
recapitalization, combination of shares, exchange of shares or other change affecting the outstanding Common Stock as a class without the Corporation’s receipt of consideration, appropriate adjustments shall be made to (i) the maximum number
and/or class of securities issuable under the Plan and (ii) the number and/or class of securities and the exercise price per share in effect under each outstanding option in order to prevent the dilution or enlargement of rights and benefits
thereunder. The adjustments determined by the Plan Administrator shall be final, binding and conclusive. In no event shall any such adjustments be made in connection with the conversion of one or more outstanding shares of the Corporation’s
preferred stock into shares of Common Stock. 
  

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 ARTICLE II 
  
 OPTION GRANT PROGRAM 
  

	I.	OPTION TERMS 

  
 Each option shall be evidenced by one or more documents in the form approved by the Plan Administrator; provided, however, that each such document
shall comply with the terms specified below. Each document evidencing an Incentive Option shall, in addition, be subject to the provisions of the Plan applicable to such options. 
  
 A. Exercise Price. 
  
 1. The exercise price per share shall be fixed by the Plan Administrator and may be less than, equal to or greater than the Fair Market
Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant date. 
  
 2. The exercise price shall become immediately due upon exercise of the option and shall, subject to the provisions of Section I of Article Four and the documents evidencing the option, be payable in cash or check
made payable to the Corporation. Should the Common Stock be registered under Section 12(g) of the 1934 Act at the time the option is exercised, then the exercise price may also be paid as follows: 
  
 (i) in shares of Common Stock held for the requisite period
necessary to avoid a charge to the Corporation’s earnings for financial reporting purposes and valued at Fair Market Value on the Exercise Date, or 
  
 (ii) to the extent the option is exercised for vested shares, through a special sale and remittance procedure pursuant to which the
Optionee shall concurrently provide irrevocable written instructions to (a) a Corporation-designated brokerage firm to effect the immediate sale of the purchased shares and remit to the Corporation, out of the sale proceeds available on the
settlement date, sufficient funds to cover the aggregate exercise price payable for the purchased shares plus all applicable Federal, state and local income and employment taxes required to be withheld by the Corporation by reason of such exercise
and (b) the Corporation to deliver the certificates for the purchased shares directly to such brokerage firm in order to complete the sale. 
  
 Except to the extent such sale and remittance procedure is utilized, payment of the exercise price for the purchased shares must be made on the Exercise
Date. 
  
 B. Exercise and Term of Options. Each option
shall be exercisable at such time or times, during such period and for such number of shares as shall be determined by the Plan Administrator and set forth in the documents evidencing the option. However, no option shall have a term in excess of ten
(10) years measured from the option grant date. 
  

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 C. Effect of Termination of Service. 
  
 1. The following provisions shall govern the exercise of any
options held by the Optionee at the time of cessation of Service or death: 
  
 (i) Any option outstanding at the time of the Optionee’s cessation of Service for any reason shall remain exercisable for such period of time thereafter as shall be determined by the Plan Administrator and set
forth in the documents evidencing the option, but no such option shall be exercisable after the expiration of the option term. 
  
 (ii) Any option exercisable in whole or in part by the Optionee at the time of death may be exercised subsequently by the personal
representative of the Optionee’s estate or by the person or persons to whom the option is transferred pursuant to the Optionee’s will or in accordance with the laws of descent and distribution. 
  
 (iii) During the applicable post-Service exercise period,
the option may not be exercised in the aggregate for more than the number of vested shares for which the option is exercisable on the date of the Optionee’s cessation of Service. Upon the expiration of the applicable exercise period or (if
earlier) upon the expiration of the option term, the option shall terminate and cease to be outstanding for any vested shares for which the option has not been exercised. However, the option shall, immediately upon the Optionee’s cessation of
Service, terminate and cease to be outstanding to the extent the option is not otherwise at that time exercisable for vested shares. 
  
 (iv) Should the Optionee’s Service be terminated for Misconduct, then all outstanding options held by the Optionee shall terminate
immediately and cease to be outstanding. 
  
 2.
The Plan Administrator shall have the discretion, exercisable either at the time an option is granted or at any time while the option remains outstanding, to: 
  

(i) extend the period of time for which the option is to remain exercisable following the Optionee’s cessation of Service from the
period otherwise in effect for that option to such greater period of time as the Plan Administrator shall deem appropriate, but in no event beyond the expiration of the option term, and/or 
  
 (ii) permit the option to be exercised, during the
applicable post-Service exercise period, not only with respect to the number of vested shares of Common Stock for which such option is exercisable at the time of the Optionee’s cessation of Service but also with respect to one or more
additional installments in which the Optionee would have vested under the option had the Optionee continued in Service. 
  
 D. Stockholder Rights. The holder of an option shall have no stockholder rights with respect to the shares subject to the option until such person
shall have exercised the option, paid the exercise price and become a holder of record of the purchased shares. 
  

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 E. Repurchase Rights. The Plan Administrator shall have the discretion to grant options which are
exercisable for unvested shares of Common Stock. Should the Optionee cease Service while holding such unvested shares, the Corporation shall have the right to repurchase, at the exercise price paid per share, any or all of those unvested shares. The
terms upon which such repurchase right shall be exercisable (including the period and procedure for exercise and the appropriate vesting schedule for the purchased shares) shall be established by the Plan Administrator and set forth in the document
evidencing such repurchase right. 
  
 F. First Refusal
Rights. Until such time as the Common Stock is first registered under Section 12(g) of the 1934 Act, the Corporation shall have the right of first refusal with respect to any proposed disposition by the Optionee (or any successor in interest) of
any shares of Common Stock issued under the Option Grant Program. Such right of first refusal shall be exercisable in accordance with the terms established by the Plan Administrator and set forth in the document evidencing such right. 
  
 G. Limited Transferability of Options. During the lifetime of the
Optionee, Incentive Options shall be exercisable only by the Optionee and shall not be assignable or transferable other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution following the Optionee’s death. However, a Non-Statutory Option may,
in connection with the Optionee’s estate plan, be assigned in whole or in part during the Optionee’s lifetime to one or more members of the Optionee’s immediate family or to a trust established exclusively for one or more such family
members. The assigned portion may only be exercised by the person or persons who acquire a proprietary interest in the option pursuant to the assignment. The terms applicable to the assigned portion shall be the same as those in effect for the
option immediately prior to such assignment and shall be set forth in such documents issued to the assignee as the Plan Administrator may deem appropriate. 
  

	II.	INCENTIVE OPTIONS 

  
 The terms specified below shall be applicable to all Incentive Options. Except as modified by the provisions of this Section II, all the provisions of
Articles One, Two and Four shall be applicable to Incentive Options. Options which are specifically designated as Non-Statutory Options when issued under the Plan shall not be subject to the terms of this Section II. 
  
 A. Eligibility. Incentive Options may only be granted to Employees.

  
 B. Exercise Price. The exercise price per share shall
not be less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant date. 
  
 C. Dollar Limitation. The aggregate Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock (determined as of the respective date or dates of grant) for
which one or more options granted to any Employee under the Plan (or any other option plan of the Corporation or any Parent or Subsidiary) may for the first time become exercisable as Incentive Options during any one (1) calendar year shall not
exceed the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars 

  

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($100,000). To the extent the Employee holds two (2) or more such options which become exercisable for the first time in the same calendar year, the
foregoing limitation on the exercisability of such options as Incentive Options shall be applied on the basis of the order in which such options are granted. 
  
 D. 10% Stockholder. If any Employee to whom an Incentive Option is granted is a 10% Stockholder, then the exercise price per share shall not be
less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant date and the option term shall not exceed five (5) years measured from the option grant date. 
  

	III.	CORPORATE TRANSACTION 

  
 A. In the event of any Corporate Transaction, each outstanding option shall automatically accelerate so that each such option shall, immediately prior to
the effective date of the Corporate Transaction, become fully exercisable for all of the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to such option and may be exercised for any or all of those shares as fully-vested shares of Common Stock. However,
an outstanding option shall not so accelerate if and to the extent: (i) such option is, in connection with the Corporate Transaction, either to be assumed by the successor corporation (or parent thereof) or to be replaced with a comparable option to
purchase shares of the capital stock of the successor corporation (or parent thereof), (ii) such option is to be replaced with a cash incentive program of the successor corporation which preserves the spread existing on the unvested option shares at
the time of the Corporate Transaction and provides for subsequent payout in accordance with the same vesting schedule applicable to such option or (iii) the acceleration of such option is subject to other limitations imposed by the Plan
Administrator at the time of the option grant. The determination of option comparability under clause (i) above shall be made by the Plan Administrator, and its determination shall be final, binding and conclusive. 
  
 B. All outstanding repurchase rights shall also terminate automatically, and
the shares of Common Stock subject to those terminated rights shall immediately vest in full, in the event of any Corporate Transaction, except to the extent: (i) those repurchase rights are to be assigned to the successor corporation (or parent
thereof) in connection with such Corporate Transaction or (ii) such accelerated vesting is precluded by other limitations imposed by the Plan Administrator at the time the repurchase right is issued. 
  
 C. Immediately following the consummation of the Corporate Transaction, all
outstanding options shall terminate and cease to be outstanding, except to the extent assumed by the successor corporation (or parent thereof). 
  
 D. Each option which is assumed in connection with an Corporate Transaction shall be appropriately adjusted, immediately after such Corporate Transaction,
to apply to the number and class of securities which would have been issuable to the Optionee in consummation of such Corporate Transaction had the option been exercised immediately prior to such Corporate Transaction. Appropriate adjustments to
reflect such Corporate Transaction shall also be made to (i) the number and class of securities available for issuance under the Plan following the consummation of such Corporate Transaction and (ii) the exercise price payable 

  

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per share under each outstanding option, provided the aggregate exercise price payable for such securities shall remain the same. 
  
 E. The Plan Administrator shall have the discretion, exercisable at the time
the option is granted or at any time while the option remains outstanding, to provide that any options which are assumed or replaced in the Corporate Transaction and do not otherwise accelerate at that time shall automatically accelerate (and any of
the Corporation’s outstanding repurchase rights which do not otherwise terminate at the time of the Corporate Transaction shall automatically terminate and the shares of Common Stock subject to those terminated rights shall immediately vest in
full) in the event the Optionee’s Service should subsequently terminate by reason of an Involuntary Termination within twelve (12) months following the effective date of such Corporate Transaction. Any options so accelerated shall remain
exercisable for fully vested shares until the earlier of (i) the expiration of the option term of (ii) the expiration of the one (1) year period measured from the effective date of the Involuntary Termination. 
  
 F. The Plan Administrator shall have the discretion, exercisable either at
the time the option is granted or at any time while the option remains outstanding to provide for the automatic acceleration of one or more outstanding options (and the automatic termination of one or more outstanding repurchase rights with the
immediate vesting of the shares of Common Stock subject to those rights) upon the occurrence of a Corporate Transaction, whether or not those options are to be assumed or replaced (or those repurchase rights are to be assigned) in the Corporate
Transaction. 
  
 G. The portion of any Incentive Option
accelerated in connection with an Corporate Transaction shall remain exercisable as an Incentive Option only to the extent the applicable One Hundred Thousand Dollar ($100,000) limitation is not exceeded. To the extent such dollar limitation is
exceeded, the accelerated portion of such option shall be exercisable as a Non-Statutory Option under the Federal tax laws. 
  
 H. The grant of options under the Plan shall in no way affect the right of the Corporation to adjust, reclassify, reorganize or otherwise change its
capital or business structure or to merge, consolidate, dissolve, liquidate or sell or transfer all or any part of its business or assets. 
  

	IV.	CANCELLATION AND REGRANT OF OPTIONS 

  
 The Plan Administrator shall have the authority to effect, at any time and from time to time, with the consent of the affected option holders, the
cancellation of any or all outstanding options under the Option Grant Program and to grant in substitution new options covering the same or different number of shares of Common Stock but with an exercise price per share based on the Fair Market
Value per share of Common Stock on the new grant date. 
  

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 ARTICLE III 
  
 STOCK ISSUANCE PROGRAM  
  

	I.	STOCK ISSUANCE TERMS 

  
 Shares of Common Stock may be issued under the Stock Issuance Program through direct and immediate issuances without any intervening option grants. Each
such stock issuance shall be evidenced by a Stock Issuance Agreement which complies with the terms specified below. 
  
 A. Purchase Price. 
  
 1. The purchase price per share shall be fixed by the Plan Administrator and may be less than, equal to or greater than the Fair Market
Value per share of Common Stock on the stock issuance date. 
  
 2. Subject to the provisions of Section I of Article Four, shares of Common Stock may be issued under the Stock Issuance Program for one or both of the following items of consideration which the Plan Administrator may
deem appropriate in each individual instance: 
  
 (i) cash or check made payable to the Corporation, or 
  
 (ii) past services rendered to the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary). 
  
 B. Vesting Provisions. 
  
 1. Shares of Common Stock issued under the Stock Issuance Program may, in the discretion of the Plan Administrator, be fully and
immediately vested upon issuance or may vest in one or more installments over the Participant’s period of Service or upon attainment of specified performance objectives. 
  
 2. Any new, substituted or additional securities or other property (including money paid other than as a
regular cash dividend) which the Participant may have the right to receive with respect to the Participant’s unvested shares of Common Stock by reason of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization, combination of shares, exchange of
shares or other change affecting the outstanding Common Stock as a class without the Corporation’s receipt of consideration shall be issued subject to (i) the same vesting requirements applicable to the Participant’s unvested shares of
Common Stock and (ii) such escrow arrangements as the Plan Administrator shall deem appropriate. 
  
 3. The Participant shall have full stockholder rights with respect to any shares of Common Stock issued to the Participant under the Stock
Issuance Program, whether or not the Participant’s interest in those shares is vested. Accordingly, the Participant 

  

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shall have the right to vote such shares and to receive any regular cash dividends paid on such shares. 
  
 4. Should the Participant cease to remain in Service while
holding one or more unvested shares of Common Stock issued under the Stock Issuance Program or should the performance objectives not be attained with respect to one or more such unvested shares of Common Stock, then those shares shall be immediately
surrendered to the Corporation for cancellation, and the Participant shall have no further stockholder rights with respect to those shares. To the extent the surrendered shares were previously issued to the Participant for consideration paid in cash
or cash equivalent (including the Participant’s purchase-money indebtedness), the Corporation shall repay to the Participant the cash consideration paid for the surrendered shares and shall cancel the unpaid principal balance of any outstanding
purchase-money note of the Participant attributable to the surrendered shares. 
  
 5. The Plan Administrator may in its discretion waive the surrender and cancellation of one or more unvested shares of Common Stock (or
other assets attributable thereto) which would otherwise occur upon the cessation of the Participant’s Service or the non-attainment of the performance objectives applicable to such shares. Such waiver shall result in the immediate vesting of
the Participant’s interest in the shares of Common Stock as to which the waiver applies. Such waiver may be effected at any time, whether before or after the Participant’s cessation of Service or the attainment or non-attainment of the
applicable performance objectives. 
  
 C. First Refusal
Rights. Until such time as the Common Stock is first registered under Section 12(g) of the 1934 Act, the Corporation shall have the right of first refusal with respect to any proposed disposition by the Participant (or any successor in interest)
of any shares of Common Stock issued under the Stock Issuance Program. Such right of first refusal shall be exercisable in accordance with the terms established by the Plan Administrator and set forth in the document evidencing such right.

  

	II.	CORPORATE TRANSACTION 

  
 A. All of the outstanding repurchase rights under the Stock Issuance Program shall terminate automatically, and all the shares of Common Stock subject to
those terminated rights shall immediately vest in full, in the event of any Corporate Transaction, except to the extent (i) those repurchase rights are assigned to the successor corporation (or parent thereof) in connection with such Corporate
Transaction or (ii) such accelerated vesting is precluded by other limitations imposed in the Stock Issuance Agreement. 
  
 B. The Plan Administrator shall have the discretion, exercisable either at the time the unvested shares are issued or at any time while the
Corporation’s repurchase right remains outstanding, to provide for the automatic termination of one or more outstanding repurchase rights that are assigned in the Corporate Transaction, and the immediate vesting of the shares of Common Stock
subject to these rights, in the event the Participant’s Service should subsequently terminate by reason of an Involuntary Termination within eighteen (18) months following the effective date of such Corporate Transaction. 
  

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 C. The Plan Administrator shall have the discretion, exercisable either at the time the unvested shares
are issued or at any time while the Corporation’s repurchase right remains outstanding, to provide for the automatic termination of one or more outstanding repurchase rights, and the immediate vesting of the shares of Common Stock subject to
those rights, upon the occurrence of an Corporate Transaction, whether or not those repurchase rights are assigned in connection with the Corporate Transaction. 
  

	III.	SHARE ESCROW/LEGENDS 

  
 Unvested shares may, in the Plan Administrator’s discretion, be held in escrow by the Corporation until the Participant’s interest in such
shares vests or may be issued directly to the Participant with restrictive legends on the certificates evidencing those unvested shares. 
  

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 ARTICLE IV 
  
 MISCELLANEOUS 
  

	I.	FINANCING 

  
 A. The Plan Administrator may permit any Optionee or Participant to pay the option exercise price or the purchase price for shares issued under the Plan by delivering a promissory note payable in one or more
installments. The terms of any such promissory note (including the interest rate and the terms of repayment) shall be established by the Plan Administrator in its sole discretion. Promissory notes may be authorized with or without security or
collateral. In all events, the maximum credit available to the Optionee or Participant may not exceed the sum of (i) the aggregate option exercise price or purchase price payable for the purchased shares plus (ii) any Federal, state and local income
and employment tax liability incurred by the Optionee or the Participant in connection with the option exercise or share purchase. 
  
 B. The Plan Administrator may, in its discretion, determine that one or more such promissory notes shall be subject to forgiveness by the Corporation in
whole or in part upon such terms as the Plan Administrator may deem appropriate. 
  

	II.	EFFECTIVE DATE AND TERM OF THE PLAN 

  
 A. The Plan shall become effective when adopted by the Board, but no option granted under the Plan may be exercised, and no shares shall be issued under
the Plan, until the Plan is approved by the Corporation’s stockholders. If such stockholder approval is not obtained within twelve (12) months after the date of the Board’s adoption of the Plan, then all options previously granted under
the Plan shall terminate and cease to be outstanding, and no further options shall be granted and no shares shall be issued under the Plan. Subject to such limitation, the Plan Administrator may grant options and issue shares under the Plan at any
time after the effective date of the Plan and before the date fixed herein for termination of the Plan. 
  
 B. The Plan shall terminate upon the earliest of (i) the expiration of the ten (10)-year period measured from the date the Plan is adopted by the
Board, (ii) the date on which all shares available for issuance under the Plan shall have been issued as fully-vested shares or (iii) the termination of all outstanding options in connection with an Corporate Transaction. Upon such Plan termination,
all options and unvested stock issuances outstanding under the Plan shall continue to have full force and effect in accordance with the provisions of the documents evidencing such options or issuances. 
  

	III.	AMENDMENT OF THE PLAN 

  
 A. The Board shall have complete and exclusive power and authority to amend or modify the Plan in any or all respects. However, no such amendment or
modification shall adversely affect any rights and obligations with respect to options or unvested stock issuances at the time outstanding under the Plan, unless the Optionee or the Participant consents 

  

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to such amendment or modification. In addition, certain amendments may require stockholder approval pursuant to applicable laws or regulations. 

 
 B. Options to purchase shares of Common Stock may be granted under the
Plan and shares of Common Stock may be issued under the Plan that are in each instance in excess of the number of shares then available for issuance under the Plan, provided any excess shares actually issued under the Plan are held in escrow until
there is obtained stockholder approval of an amendment sufficiently increasing the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan. If such stockholder approval is not obtained within twelve (12) months after the date the
first such excess grants or issuances are made, then (i) any unexercised options granted on the basis of such excess shares shall terminate and cease to be outstanding and (ii) the Corporation shall promptly refund to the Optionees and the
Participants the exercise or purchase price paid for any excess shares issued under the Plan and held in escrow, together with interest (at the applicable Short-Term Federal Rate) for the period the shares were held in escrow, and such shares shall
thereupon be automatically cancelled and cease to be outstanding. 
  

	IV.	USE OF PROCEEDS 

  
 Any cash proceeds received by the Corporation from the sale of shares of Common Stock under the Plan shall be used for general corporate purposes.

  

	V.	WITHHOLDING 

  
 The Corporation’s obligation to deliver shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of any options or upon the issuance or vesting of such shares issued under the Plan shall be subject to the satisfaction of all
applicable Federal, state and local income and employment tax withholding requirements. 
  

	VI.	REGULATORY APPROVALS 

  
 The implementation of the Plan, the granting of any option under the Plan and the issuance of any shares of Common Stock (i) upon the exercise of any
option or (ii) under the Stock Issuance Program shall be subject to the Corporation’s procurement of all approvals and permits required by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction over the Plan, the options granted under it and the shares of
Common Stock issued pursuant to it. 
  

	VII.	NO EMPLOYMENT OR SERVICE RIGHTS 

  
 Nothing in the Plan shall confer upon the Optionee or the Participant any right to continue in Service for any period of specific duration or interfere
with or otherwise restrict in any way the rights of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary employing or retaining such person) or of the Optionee or the Participant, which rights are hereby expressly reserved by each, to terminate such
person’s Service at any time for any reason, with or without cause. 
  

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 APPENDIX 
  
 The following definitions shall be in effect under the Plan: 
  
 A. Board shall mean the Corporation’s Board of Directors. 
  
 B. Code shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. 
  
 C. Committee shall mean a committee of one (1) or more Board members
appointed by the Board to exercise one or more administrative functions under the Plan. 
  
 D. Common Stock shall mean the Corporation’s common stock. 
  
 E. Corporate Transaction shall mean either of the following stockholder-approved transactions to which the Corporation is a party: 
  
 (i) a merger or consolidation in which securities possessing
more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Corporation’s outstanding securities are transferred to a person or persons different from the persons holding those securities immediately prior to such transaction, or

  
 (ii) the sale, transfer or other disposition
of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets in complete liquidation or dissolution of the Corporation. 
  
 F. Corporation shall mean Motive, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and any corporate successor to all or substantially all of the assets or voting
stock of Motive, Inc., which shall by appropriate action adopt the Plan. 
  
 G. Employee shall mean an individual who is in the employ of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary), subject to the control and direction of the employer entity as to both the work to be performed and
the manner and method of performance. 
  
 H. Exercise Date
shall mean the date on which the Corporation shall have received written notice of the option exercise. 
  
 I. Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on any relevant date shall be determined in accordance with the following provisions: 
  
 (i) If the Common Stock is at the time traded on the Nasdaq
National Market, then the Fair Market Value shall be the closing selling price per share of Common Stock on the date in question, as such price is reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers on the Nasdaq National Market or any
successor system. If there is no closing selling price for the Common Stock on the date in question, then the Fair Market Value shall be the closing selling price on the last preceding date for which such quotation exists. 
  

 A-1 

 (ii) If the Common Stock is at the time listed on any Stock Exchange, then the Fair
Market Value shall be the closing selling price per share of Common Stock on the date in question on the Stock Exchange determined by the Plan Administrator to be the primary market for the Common Stock, as such price is officially quoted in the
composite tape of transactions on such exchange. If there is no closing selling price for the Common Stock on the date in question, then the Fair Market Value shall be the closing selling price on the last preceding date for which such quotation
exists. 
  
 (iii) If the Common Stock is at the
time neither listed on any Stock Exchange nor traded on the Nasdaq National Market, then the Fair Market Value shall be determined by the Plan Administrator after taking into account such factors as the Plan Administrator shall deem appropriate.

  
 J. Incentive Option shall mean an option which
satisfies the requirements of Code Section 422. 
  
 K.
Involuntary Termination shall mean the termination of the Service of any individual which occurs by reason of: 
  
 (i) such individual’s involuntary dismissal or discharge by the Corporation for reasons other than Misconduct, or 
  
 (ii) such individual’s voluntary resignation following
(A) a change in his or her position with the Corporation which materially reduces his or her level of responsibility, (B) a reduction in his or her level of compensation (including base salary, fringe benefits and participation in corporate
performance based bonus or incentive programs) by more than fifteen percent (15%) or (C) a relocation of such individual’s place of employment by more than fifty (50) miles, provided and only if such change, reduction or relocation is effected
by the Corporation without the individual’s consent. 
  
 L.
Misconduct shall mean the commission of any act of fraud, embezzlement or dishonesty by the Optionee or Participant, any unauthorized use or disclosure by such person of confidential information or trade secrets of the Corporation (or any
Parent or Subsidiary), or any other intentional misconduct by such person adversely affecting the business or affairs of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary) in a material manner. The foregoing definition shall not be deemed to be inclusive
of all the acts or omissions which the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary) may consider as grounds for the dismissal or discharge of any Optionee, Participant or other person in the Service of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary).

  
 M. 1934 Act shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended. 
  
 N. Non-Statutory Option shall mean an
option not intended to satisfy the requirements of Code Section 422. 
  
 O. Option Grant Program shall mean the option grant program in effect under the Plan. 
  

 A-2 

 P. Optionee shall mean any person to whom an option is granted under the Option Grant Program.

  
 Q. Parent shall mean any corporation (other than the
Corporation) in an unbroken chain of corporations ending with the Corporation, provided each corporation in the unbroken chain (other than the Corporation) owns, at the time of the determination, stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the
total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain. 
  
 R. Participant shall mean any person who is issued shares of Common Stock under the Stock Issuance Program. 
  
 S. Permanent Disability shall mean the inability of the Optionee or
the Participant to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment expected to result in death or to be of continuous duration of twelve (12) months or more. 
  
 T. Plan shall mean the Corporation’s 1997 Stock Option/Stock
Issuance Plan, as set forth in this document. 
  
 U. Plan
Administrator shall mean either the Board or the Committee, to the extent the Committee is at the time responsible for the administration of the Plan. 
  
 V. Service shall mean the provision of services to the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary) by a person in the capacity of an Employee, a
non-employee member of the board of directors or a consultant or independent advisor, except to the extent otherwise specifically provided in the documents evidencing the option grant or stock issuance. 
  
 W. Stock Exchange shall mean either the American Stock Exchange or the
New York Stock Exchange. 
  
 X. Stock Issuance Agreement
shall mean the agreement entered into by the Corporation and the Participant at the time of issuance of shares of Common Stock under the Stock Issuance Program. 
  

Y. Stock Issuance Program shall mean the stock issuance program in effect under the Plan. 
  
 Z. Subsidiary shall mean any corporation (other than the Corporation)
in an unbroken chain of corporations beginning with the Corporation, provided each corporation (other than the last corporation) in the unbroken chain owns, at the time of the determination, stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total
combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain. 
  
 AA. 10% Stockholder shall mean the owner of stock (as determined under Code Section 424(d)) possessing more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Corporation
(or any Parent or Subsidiary). 
  

 A-3Broadjump, Inc. 1998 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan

 Exhibit 4.6 
  

BROADJUMP, INC. 
  
 1998 STOCK OPTION PLAN 
  

	1.	Establishment, Purpose and Term of Plan. 

  
 1.1 Establishment. This BroadJump, Inc. 1998 Stock Option Plan (the “Plan”) is hereby established effective as of December 23,
1998. 
  
 1.2 Purpose. The purpose of the
Plan is to advance the interests of the Participating Company Group and its shareholders by providing an incentive to attract, retain and reward persons performing services for the Participating Company Group and by motivating such persons to
contribute to the growth and profitability of the Participating Company Group. 
  
 1.3 Term of Plan. The Plan shall continue in effect until the earlier of its termination by the Board or the date on which all of the shares of Stock available for issuance under the Plan have been
issued and all restrictions on such shares under the terms of the Plan and the agreements evidencing Options granted under the Plan have lapsed. However, all Options shall be granted, if at all, within 10 years from the earlier of the date the Plan
is adopted by the Board or the date the Plan is duly approved by the shareholders of the Company. 
  

	2.	Definitions and Construction. 

  
 2.1 Definitions. Whenever used herein, the following terms shall have their respective meanings set forth below: 
  
 (a) “Board” means the Board of Directors of the
Company. If one or more Committees have been appointed by the Board to administer the Plan, “Board” also means such Committee(s). 
  
 (b) “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and any applicable regulations promulgated thereunder.

  
 (c) “Committee” means the
Compensation Committee or other committee of the Board duly appointed to administer the Plan and having such powers as shall be specified by the Board. Unless the powers of the Committee have been specifically limited, the Committee shall have all
of the powers of the Board granted herein, including, without limitation, the power to amend or terminate the Plan at any time, subject to the terms of the Plan and any applicable limitations imposed by law. The Committee may appoint a subcommittee
of two or more outside directors (the “Outside Directors Committee”). The Outside Directors Committee, if appointed, shall have the exclusive authority to approve grants under the Plan to the chief executive officer of the Company and to
other executive officers whose compensation may otherwise exceed the deduction limit of Section 162(m) of the Code. Grants approved by the Outside Directors Committee shall be subject to ratification by the Committee as a whole or by the Board if
the appointment of the Committee so provides. 
  
 (d) “Company” means BroadJump, Inc., a Texas corporation, or any successor corporation thereto. 
  
 (e) “Consultant” means any person, including an advisor, engaged by a Participating Company to render services other than as an
Employee or a Director. 
  
 (f)
“Director” means a member of the Board or of the board of directors of any other Participating Company. 
  
 (g) “Disability” means the inability of the Optionee, in the opinion of a qualified physician acceptable to the Company, to
perform the major duties of the Optionee’s position with the Participating Company Group because of the sickness or injury of the Optionee. 
  

 (h) “Employee” means any person treated as an employee (including an officer or
a Director who is also treated as an employee) in the records of a Participating Company and, with respect to any Incentive Stock Option granted to such person, who is an employee for purposes of Section 422 of the Code; provided,
however, that neither service as a Director nor payment of a director’s fee shall be sufficient to constitute employment for purposes of the Plan. 
  

(i) “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 
  
 (j) “Fair Market Value” means, as of any date, the
value of a share of Stock or other property as determined by the Board, in its discretion, or by the Company, in its discretion, if such determination is expressly allocated to the Company herein, subject to the following: 
  
 (i) If, on such date, the Stock is listed on a national or
regional securities exchange or market system, the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock shall be the closing price of a share of Stock (or the mean of the closing bid and asked prices of a share of Stock if the Stock is so quoted instead) as quoted
on the Nasdaq National Market, The Nasdaq SmallCap Market or such other national or regional securities exchange or market system constituting the primary market for the Stock, as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as
the Company deems reliable. If the relevant date does not fall on a day on which the Stock has traded on such securities exchange or market system, the date on which the Fair Market Value shall be established shall be the last day on which the Stock
was so traded prior to the relevant date, or such other appropriate day as shall be determined by the Board, in its discretion. 
  
 (ii) If, on such date, there is no public market for the Stock, the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock shall be as determined by the
Board in good faith without regard to any restriction other than a restriction which, by its terms, will never lapse. 
  
 (k) “Incentive Stock Option” means an Option intended to be (as set forth in the Option Agreement) and which qualifies as an
incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422(b) of the Code. 
  
 (l) “Insider” means an officer or a Director of the Company or any other person whose transactions in Stock are subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act. 
  
 (m) “Nonstatutory Stock Option” means an Option
not intended to be (as set forth in the Option Agreement) or which does not qualify as an Incentive Stock Option. 
  
 (n) “Option” means a right to purchase Stock (subject to adjustment as provided in Section 4.2) pursuant to the terms and
conditions of the Plan. An Option may be either an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonstatutory Stock Option. 
  
 (o) “Option Agreement” means a written agreement, including any related form of stock option grant agreement, between the
Company and an Optionee setting forth the terms, conditions and restrictions of the Option granted to the Optionee and any shares acquired upon the exercise thereof. 
  
 (p) “Optionee” means a person who has been granted one or more Options. 
  
 (q) “Parent Corporation” means any present or
future “parent corporation” of the Company, as defined in Section 424(e) of the Code. 
  
 (r) “Participating Company” means the Company or any Parent Corporation or Subsidiary Corporation. 
  
 (s) “Participating Company Group” means, at any
point in time, all corporations collectively which are then Participating Companies. 
  

 2 

 (t) “Rule 16b-3” means Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act, as amended from time
to time, or any successor rule or regulation. 
  
 (u) “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. 
  
 (v) “Service” means an Optionee’s employment or service with the Participating Company Group, whether in the capacity of an
Employee, a Director or a Consultant. The Optionee’s Service shall not be deemed to have terminated merely because of a change in the capacity in which the Optionee renders Service to the Participating Company Group or a change in the
Participating Company for which the Optionee renders such Service, provided that there is no interruption or termination of the Optionee’s Service. Furthermore, an Optionee’s Service with the Participating Company Group shall not be deemed
to have terminated if the Optionee takes any military leave, sick leave, or other bona fide leave of absence approved by the Company; provided, however, that if any such leave exceeds 90 days, on the 91st day of such leave the
Optionee’s Service shall be deemed to have terminated unless the Optionee’s right to return to Service with the Participating Company Group is guaranteed by statute or contract. Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise designated by
the Company or required by law, a leave of absence shall not be treated as Service for purposes of determining vesting under the Optionee’s Option Agreement. The Optionee’s Service shall be deemed to have terminated either upon an actual
termination of Service or upon the corporation for which the Optionee performs Service ceasing to be a Participating Company. Subject to the foregoing, the Company, in its discretion, shall determine whether the Optionee’s Service has
terminated and the effective date of such termination. 
  
 (w) “Stock” means the common stock of the Company, as adjusted from time to time in accordance with Section 4.2. 
  
 (x) “Subsidiary Corporation” means any present or future “subsidiary corporation” of the Company, as defined in
Section 424(f) of the Code. 
  
 (y) “Ten
Percent Owner Optionee” means an Optionee who, at the time an Option is granted to the Optionee, owns stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of a Participating Company within the meaning of
Section 422(b)(6) of the Code. 
  
 2.2 Construction.
Captions and titles contained herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the meaning or interpretation of any provision of the Plan. Except when otherwise indicated by the context, the singular shall include the plural and the plural
shall include the singular. Use of the term “or” is not intended to be exclusive, unless the context clearly requires otherwise. 
  

	3.	Administration. 

  
 3.1 Administration by the Board. The Plan shall be administered by the Board. All questions of interpretation of the Plan or of any Option
shall be determined by the Board, and such determinations shall be final and binding upon all persons having an interest in the Plan or such Option. 
  
 3.2 Authority of Officers. Any officer of a Participating Company shall have the authority to act on behalf of the Company with respect to
any matter, right, obligation, determination or election which is the responsibility of or which is allocated to the Company herein, provided the officer has apparent authority with respect to such matter, right, obligation, determination or
election. 
  
 3.3 Administration with Respect to
Insiders. With respect to participation by Insiders in the Plan, at any time that any class of equity security of the Company is registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act, the Plan shall be administered in compliance with the
requirements, if any, of Rule 16b-3. 
  
 3.4
Powers of the Board. In addition to any other powers set forth in the Plan and subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Board shall have the full and final power and authority, in its discretion: 
  
 (a) to determine the persons to whom, and the time or times
at which, Options shall be granted and the number of shares of Stock to be subject to each Option; 
  

 3 

 (b) to designate Options as Incentive Stock Options or Nonstatutory Stock Options;

  
 (c) to determine the Fair Market Value of
shares of Stock or other property; 
  
 (d) to
determine the terms, conditions and restrictions applicable to each Option (which need not be identical) and any shares acquired upon the exercise thereof, including, without limitation, (i) the exercise price of the Option, (ii) the method of
payment for shares purchased upon the exercise of the Option, (iii) the method for satisfaction of any tax withholding obligation arising in connection with the Option or such shares, including by the withholding or delivery of shares of stock, (iv)
the timing, terms and conditions of the exercisability of the Option or the vesting of any shares acquired upon the exercise thereof, (v) the time of the expiration of the Option, (vi) the effect of the Optionee’s termination of Service with
the Participating Company Group on any of the foregoing, and (vii) all other terms, conditions and restrictions applicable to the Option or such shares not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan; 
  
 (e) to approve one or more forms of Option Agreement;

  
 (f) to amend, modify, extend, cancel, renew,
reprice or otherwise adjust the exercise price of, or grant a new Option in substitution for, any Option or to waive any restrictions or conditions applicable to any Option or any shares acquired upon the exercise thereof; 
  
 (g) to accelerate, continue, extend or defer the
exercisability of any Option or the vesting of any shares acquired upon the exercise thereof, including with respect to the period following an Optionee’s termination of Service with the Participating Company Group; 
  
 (h) to prescribe, amend or rescind rules, guidelines and
policies relating to the Plan, or to adopt supplements to, or alternative versions of, the Plan, including, without limitation, as the Board deems necessary or desirable to comply with the laws of, or to accommodate the tax policy or custom of,
foreign jurisdictions whose citizens may be granted Options; and 
  
 (i) to correct any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in the Plan or any Option Agreement and to make all other determinations and take such other actions with respect to the Plan or any Option
as the Board may deem advisable to the extent consistent with the Plan and applicable law. 
  

	4.	Shares Subject to Plan. 

  
 4.1 Maximum Number of Shares Issuable. Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 4.2, the maximum aggregate number of shares of Stock
that may be issued under the Plan shall be 5,750,000 and shall consist of authorized but unissued or reacquired shares of Stock or any combination thereof. If an outstanding Option for any reason expires or is terminated or canceled or if shares of
Stock are acquired upon the exercise of an Option subject to a Company repurchase option and are repurchased by the Company at the Optionee’s exercise price, the shares of Stock allocable to the unexercised portion of such Option or such
repurchased shares of Stock shall again be available for issuance under the Plan. 
  
 4.2 Adjustments for Changes in Capital Structure. In the event of any stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, recapitalization, combination, reclassification or similar change in the capital
structure of the Company, appropriate adjustments shall be made in the number and class of shares subject to the Plan and to any outstanding Options and in the exercise price per share of any outstanding Options. If a majority of the shares which
are of the same class as the shares that are subject to outstanding Options are exchanged for, converted into, or otherwise become (whether or not pursuant to an Ownership Change Event, as defined in Section 8.1) shares of another corporation (the
“New Shares”), the Board may unilaterally amend the outstanding Options to provide that such Options are exercisable for New Shares. In the event of any such amendment, the number of shares subject to, 

  

 4 

 
and the exercise price per share of, the outstanding Options shall be adjusted in a fair and equitable manner as determined by the Board, in its discretion.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, any fractional share resulting from an adjustment pursuant to this Section 4.2 shall be rounded down to the nearest whole number, and in no event may the exercise price of any Option be decreased to an amount less than
the par value, if any, of the stock subject to the Option. The adjustments determined by the Board pursuant to this Section 4.2 shall be final, binding and conclusive. 
  

	5.	Eligibility and Option Limitations. 

  
 5.1 Persons Eligible for Options. Options may be granted only to Employees, Consultants, and Directors. For purposes of the foregoing
sentence, “Employees,” “Consultants” and “Directors” shall include prospective Employees, prospective Consultants and prospective Directors to whom Options are granted in connection with written offers of an employment
or other service relationships with the Participating Company Group. Eligible persons may be granted more than one Option. 
  
 5.2 Option Grant Restrictions. Any person who is not an Employee on the effective date of the grant of an Option to such person may be
granted only a Nonstatutory Stock Option. An Incentive Stock Option granted to a prospective Employee upon the condition that such person become an Employee shall be deemed granted effective on the date such person commences Service with a
Participating Company, with an exercise price determined as of such date in accordance with Section 6.1. The number of shares of Stock that may be the subject of Options granted to any single executive officer of the Company shall not exceed the
maximum aggregate number of shares of Stock that may be issued under the Plan pursuant to Section 4.1. 
  
 5.3 Fair Market Value Limitation. To the extent that options designated as Incentive Stock Options (granted under all stock option plans of
the Participating Company Group, including the Plan) become exercisable by an Optionee for the first time during any calendar year for Stock having a Fair Market Value greater than $100,000, the portions of such options which exceed such amount
shall be treated as Nonstatutory Stock Options. For purposes of this Section 5.3, options designated as Incentive Stock Options shall be taken into account in the order in which they were granted, and the Fair Market Value of stock shall be
determined as of the time the option with respect to such stock is granted. If the Code is amended to provide for a different limitation from that set forth in this Section 5.3, such different limitation shall be deemed incorporated herein effective
as of the date and with respect to such Options as required or permitted by such amendment to the Code. If an Option is treated as an Incentive Stock Option in part and as a Nonstatutory Stock Option in part by reason of the limitation set forth in
this Section 5.3, the Optionee may designate which portion of such Option the Optionee is exercising. In the absence of such designation, the Optionee shall be deemed to have exercised the Incentive Stock Option portion of the Option first. Separate
certificates representing each such portion shall be issued upon the exercise of the Option. 
  

	6.	Terms and Conditions of Options. 

  
 Options shall be evidenced by Option Agreements specifying the number of shares of Stock covered thereby, in such form as the Board shall from time to
time establish. No Option or purported Option shall be a valid and binding obligation of the Company unless evidenced by a fully executed Option Agreement. Option Agreements may incorporate all or any of the terms of the Plan by reference and shall
comply with and be subject to the following terms and conditions: 
  
 6.1 Exercise Price. The exercise price for each Option shall be established in the discretion of the Board; provided, however, that (a) the exercise price per share for an Incentive Stock Option shall be not less than
the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the effective date of grant of the Option, (b) the exercise price per share for a Nonstatutory Stock Option shall be not less than 85% of the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the effective date of
grant of the Option, and (c) no Option granted to a Ten Percent Owner Optionee shall have an exercise price per share less than 110% of the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the effective date of grant of the Option. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, an Option (whether an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonstatutory Stock Option) may be granted with an exercise price lower than the minimum exercise price set forth above if such Option is granted pursuant to an assumption or substitution
for another option in a manner qualifying under the provisions of Section 424(a) of the Code. 
  

 5 

 6.2 Exercise Period. Options shall be exercisable at such time or times, or upon such event
or events, and subject to such terms, conditions, performance criteria, and restrictions as shall be determined by the Board and set forth in the Option Agreement evidencing such Option; provided, however, that (a) no Option shall be
exercisable after the expiration of 10 years after the effective date of grant of such Option, (b) no Incentive Stock Option granted to a Ten Percent Owner Optionee shall be exercisable after the expiration of five years after the effective date of
grant of such Option, and (c) no Option granted to a prospective Employee, prospective Consultant or prospective Director may become exercisable prior to the date on which such person commences Service with a Participating Company. Subject to the
foregoing, unless otherwise specified by the Board in the grant of an Option, any Option granted hereunder shall have a term of 10 years from the effective date of grant of the Option. 
  
 6.3 Payment of Exercise Price. 
  
 (a) Forms of Consideration Authorized. Except as otherwise
provided below, payment of the exercise price for the number of shares of Stock being purchased pursuant to any Option shall be made (i) in cash, by check or cash equivalent, (ii) by tender to the Company, or attestation to the ownership, of shares
of Stock owned by the Optionee having a Fair Market Value (as determined by the Company without regard to any restrictions on transferability applicable to such stock by reason of federal or state securities laws or agreements with an underwriter
for the Company) not less than the exercise price, (iii) by the assignment of the proceeds of a sale or loan with respect to some or all of the shares being acquired upon the exercise of the Option (including, without limitation, through an exercise
complying with the provisions of Regulation T as promulgated from time to time by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System) (a “Cashless Exercise”), (iv) with the Board’s consent, by the Optionee’s promissory note in
a form approved by the Company, (v) by such other consideration as may be approved by the Board from time to time to the extent permitted by applicable law, or (vi) by any combination thereof. The Board may at any time or from time to time, by
adoption of or by amendment to the standard forms of Option Agreement described in Section 7, or by other means, grant Options which do not permit all of the foregoing forms of consideration to be used in payment of the exercise price or which
otherwise restrict one or more forms of consideration. 
  
 (b) Limitations on Forms of Consideration. 
  
 (i) Tender of Stock. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Option may not be exercised by tender to the Company, or attestation to the ownership, of shares of Stock to the extent such tender or attestation would
constitute a violation of the provisions of any law, regulation or agreement restricting the redemption of the Company’s stock. Unless otherwise provided by the Board, an Option may not be exercised by tender to the Company, or attestation to
the ownership, of shares of Stock unless such shares either have been owned by the Optionee for more than six months or were not acquired, directly or indirectly, from the Company. 
  
 (ii) Cashless Exercise. The Company reserves, at any and all times, the right, in the Company’s
sole and absolute discretion, to establish, decline to approve or terminate any program or procedures for the exercise of Options by means of a Cashless Exercise. 
  
 (iii) Payment by Promissory Note. No promissory note shall be permitted if the exercise of an Option
using a promissory note would be a violation of any law. Any permitted promissory note shall be on such terms as the Board shall determine at the time the Option is granted. The Board shall have the authority to permit or require the Optionee to
secure any promissory note used to exercise an Option with the shares of Stock acquired upon the exercise of the Option or with other collateral acceptable to the Company. Unless otherwise provided by the Board, if the Company at any time is subject
to the regulations promulgated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other governmental entity affecting the extension of credit in connection with the Company’s securities, any promissory note shall comply with such
applicable regulations, and the Optionee shall pay the unpaid principal and accrued interest, if any, to the extent necessary to comply with such applicable regulations. 
  

 6 

 6.4 Tax Withholding. The Company shall have the right, but not the obligation, to deduct
from the shares of Stock issuable upon the exercise of an Option, or to accept from the Optionee the tender of, a number of whole shares of Stock having a Fair Market Value, as determined by the Company, equal to all or any part of the federal,
state, local and foreign taxes, if any, required by law to be withheld by the Participating Company Group with respect to such Option or the shares acquired upon the exercise thereof. Alternatively or in addition, in its discretion, the Company
shall have the right to require the Optionee, through payroll withholding, cash payment or otherwise, including by means of a Cashless Exercise, to make adequate provision for any such tax withholding obligations of the Participating Company Group
arising in connection with the Option or the shares acquired upon the exercise thereof. The Company shall have no obligation to deliver shares of Stock or to release shares of Stock from an escrow established pursuant to the Option Agreement until
the Participating Company Group’s tax withholding obligations have been satisfied by the Optionee. 
  
 6.5 Repurchase Rights. Shares issued under the Plan may be subject to a right of first refusal, one or more repurchase options, or other
conditions and restrictions as determined by the Board in its discretion at the time the Option is granted. The Company shall have the right to assign at any time any repurchase right it may have, whether or not such right is then exercisable, to
one or more persons as may be selected by the Company. Upon request by the Company, each Optionee shall execute any agreement evidencing such transfer restrictions prior to the receipt of shares of Stock hereunder and shall promptly present to the
Company any and all certificates representing shares of Stock acquired hereunder for the placement on such certificates of appropriate legends evidencing any such transfer restrictions. 
  
 6.6 Effect of Termination of Service. 
  
 (a) Option Exercisability. Subject to earlier
termination of the Option as otherwise provided herein, an Option shall be exercisable after an Optionee’s termination of Service as follows: 
  
 (i) Disability. If the Optionee’s Service with the Participating Company Group is terminated because of the Disability of the
Optionee, the Option, to the extent unexercised and exercisable on the date on which the Optionee’s Service terminated, may be exercised by the Optionee (or the Optionee’s guardian or legal representative) at any time prior to the
expiration of six months (or such longer period of time as determined by the Board, in its discretion) after the date on which the Optionee’s Service terminated, but in any event no later than the date of expiration of the Option’s term as
set forth in the Option Agreement evidencing such Option (the “Option Expiration Date”). 
  
 (ii) Death. If the Optionee’s Service with the Participating Company Group is terminated because of the death of the Optionee,
the Option, to the extent unexercised and exercisable on the date on which the Optionee’s Service terminated, may be exercised by the Optionee’s legal representative or other person who acquired the right to exercise the Option by reason
of the Optionee’s death at any time prior to the expiration of six months (or such longer period of time as determined by the Board, in its discretion) after the date on which the Optionee’s Service terminated, but in any event no later
than the Option Expiration Date. The Optionee’s Service shall be deemed to have terminated on account of death if the Optionee dies within 30 days (or such longer period of time as determined by the Board, in its discretion) after the
Optionee’s termination of Service. 
  
 (iii)
Other Termination of Service. If the Optionee’s Service with the Participating Company Group terminates for any reason, except Disability or death, the Option, to the extent unexercised and exercisable by the Optionee on the date on
which the Optionee’s Service terminated, may be exercised by the Optionee within 30 days (or such longer period of time as determined by the Board, in its discretion) after the date on which the Optionee’s Service terminated, but in any
event no later than the Option Expiration Date. 
  
 (b) Extension if Exercise Prevented by Law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the exercise of an Option within the applicable time periods set forth in Section 6.6(a) is prevented by the provisions of Section 11 below, the Option
shall remain exercisable until 30 days (or such longer period of time as determined by the 

  

 7 

 
Board, in its discretion) after the date the Optionee is notified by the Company that the Option is exercisable, but in any event no later than the Option
Expiration Date. 
  
 (c) Extension if Optionee
Subject to Section 16(b). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a sale within the applicable time periods set forth in Section 6.6(a) of shares acquired upon the exercise of the Option would subject the Optionee to liability under Section 16(b)
of the Exchange Act, the Option shall remain exercisable until the earliest to occur of (i) the 10th day following the date on which a sale of such shares by the optionee would no longer be subject to such liability, (ii) the 190th day after the
Optionee’s termination of Service, or (iii) the Option Expiration Date. 
  

	7.	Standard Forms of Option Agreement. 

  
 7.1 General. Unless otherwise provided by the Board at the time the Option is granted, an Option shall comply with and be subject to the
terms and conditions set forth in the appropriate standard form of Option Agreement adopted by the Board concurrently with its adoption of the Plan and as amended from time to time. 
  
 7.2 Authority to Vary Terms The Board shall have the authority
from time to time to vary the terms of any of the standard forms of Option Agreement described in this Section 7 either in connection with the grant or amendment of an individual Option or in connection with the authorization of a new standard form
or forms; provided, however, that the terms and conditions of any such new, revised or amended standard form or forms of Option Agreement are not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan. 
  

	8.	Change in Control. 

  
 8.1 Definitions 
  
 (a) An “Ownership Change Event” shall be deemed to have occurred if any of the following occurs with respect to the Company: (i)
the direct or indirect sale or exchange in a single or series of related transactions by the shareholders of the Company of more than 50% of the voting stock of the Company; (ii) a merger or consolidation in which the Company is a party; (iii) the
sale, exchange, or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company; or (iv) the complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company. 
  
 (b) A “Change in Control” shall mean an Ownership Change Event or a series of related Ownership Change Events (collectively, a
“Transaction”) wherein the shareholders of the Company immediately before the Transaction do not retain immediately after the Transaction, in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of shares of the Company’s voting
stock immediately before the Transaction, direct or indirect beneficial ownership of more than 50% of the total combined voting power of the outstanding voting stock of the Company or the corporation or corporations to which the assets of the
Company were transferred (the “Transferee Corporation(s)”), as the case may be. For purposes of the preceding sentence, indirect beneficial ownership shall include, without limitation, an interest resulting from ownership of the voting
stock of one or more corporations which, as a result of the Transaction, own the Company or the Transferee Corporation(s), as the case may be, either directly or through one or more subsidiary corporations. The Board shall have the right to
determine whether multiple sales or exchanges of the voting stock of the Company or multiple Ownership Change Events are related, and its determination shall be final, binding and conclusive. 
  
 8.2 Effect of Change in Control on Options. In the event of a Change
in Control, the vesting of each outstanding Option shall automatically accelerate by 12 months. Notwithstanding the foregoing, shares acquired upon exercise of an Option prior to the Change in Control and any consideration received pursuant to the
Change in Control with respect to such shares shall continue to be subject to all applicable provisions of the Option Agreement evidencing such Option except as otherwise provided in such Option Agreement. 
  

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	9.	Provision of Information. 

  
 At least annually, copies of the Company’s balance sheet and income statement for the just completed fiscal year shall be made available to each
Optionee and purchaser of shares of Stock upon the exercise of an Option. The Company shall not be required to provide such information to key employees whose duties in connection with the Company assure them access to equivalent information.

  

	10.	Nontransferability of Options. 

  
 During the lifetime of the Optionee, an Option shall be exercisable only by the Optionee or the Optionee’s guardian or legal representative. No
Option shall be assignable or transferable by the Optionee, except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. 
  

	11.	Compliance with Securities Law. 

  
 The grant of Options and the issuance of shares of Stock upon exercise of Options shall be subject to compliance with all applicable requirements of
federal, state and foreign law with respect to such securities. Options may not be exercised if the issuance of shares of Stock upon exercise would constitute a violation of any applicable federal, state or foreign securities laws or other law or
regulations or the requirements of any stock exchange or market system upon which the Stock may then be listed. In addition, no Option may be exercised unless (a) a registration statement under the Securities Act shall at the time of exercise of the
Option be in effect with respect to the shares issuable upon exercise of the Option or (b) in the opinion of legal counsel to the Company, the shares issuable upon exercise of the Option may be issued in accordance with the terms of an applicable
exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. The inability of the Company to obtain from any regulatory body having jurisdiction the authority, if any, deemed by the Company’s legal counsel to be necessary to the lawful
issuance and sale of any shares hereunder shall relieve the Company of any liability in respect of the failure to issue or sell such shares as to which such requisite authority shall not have been obtained. As a condition to the exercise of any
Option, the Company may require the Optionee to satisfy any qualifications that may be necessary or appropriate, to evidence compliance with any applicable law or regulation and to make any representation or warranty with respect thereto as may be
requested by the Company. 
  

	12.	Indemnification. 

  
 In addition to such other rights of indemnification as they may have as members of the Board or officers or employees of the Participating Company Group,
members of the Board and any officers or employees of the Participating Company Group to whom authority to act for the Board or the Company is delegated shall be indemnified by the Company against all reasonable expenses, including attorneys’
fees, actually and necessarily incurred in connection with the defense of any action, suit or proceeding, or in connection with any appeal therein, to which they or any of them may be a party by reason of any action taken or failure to act under or
in connection with the Plan, or any right granted hereunder, and against all amounts paid by them in settlement thereof (provided such settlement is approved by independent legal counsel selected by the Company) or paid by them in satisfaction of a
judgment in any such action, suit or proceeding, except in relation to matters as to which it shall be adjudged in such action, suit or proceeding that such person is liable for gross negligence, bad faith or intentional misconduct in duties;
provided, however, that within 60 days after the institution of such action, suit or proceeding, such person shall offer to the Company, in writing, the opportunity at its own expense to handle and defend the same. 
  

	13.	Termination or Amendment of Plan. 

  
 The Board may terminate or amend the Plan at any time. However, subject to changes in applicable law, regulations or rules that would permit otherwise,
without the approval of the Company’s shareholders, there shall be (a) no increase in the maximum aggregate number of shares of Stock that may be issued under the Plan (except by operation of the provisions of Section 4.2), (b) no change in the
class of persons eligible to receive Incentive Stock Options, and (c) no other amendment of the Plan that would require approval of the Company’s shareholders under any applicable law, regulation or rule. In any event, no termination or
amendment of the Plan may adversely affect 

  

 9 

 
any then outstanding Option or any unexercised portion thereof, without the consent of the Optionee, unless such termination or amendment is required to
enable an Option designated as an Incentive Stock Option to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option or is necessary to comply with any applicable law, regulation or rule. 
  

	14.	Shareholder Approval. 

  
 The Plan or any increase in the maximum aggregate number of shares of Stock issuable thereunder as provided in Section 4.1 (the “Authorized
Shares”) shall be approved by the shareholders of the Company within 12 months of the date of adoption thereof by the Board. Options granted prior to shareholder approval of the Plan or in excess of the Authorized Shares previously approved by
the shareholders shall become exercisable no earlier than the date of shareholder approval of the Plan or such increase in the Authorized Shares, as the case may be. Options granted to executive officers subject to Section 162(m) of the Code shall
be contingent on shareholder approval of the material terms of the Plan to the extent required under Section 162(m) of the Code. 
  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned Secretary of the Company certifies that the foregoing 1998 Stock Option Plan was duly adopted by the Board on December
23, 1998. 
  

	
	
	/s/
	Secretary

  

 10

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