Document:

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EXHIBIT 10.42
-------------

              AMENDMENT TO THE RES-PBGC MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
                             DATED NOVEMBER 2, 1998

         THIS AMENDMENT to the RES-PBGC Memorandum of Understanding by and
between the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and RES Holding Corporation is
made and entered into as of this 29th day of December, 1999, by and between the
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and Republic Technologies International,
LLC.

                                   WITNESSETH
                                   ----------

WHEREAS, by last signature dated November 2, 1998, RES Holding Corporation
("RES") and the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation ("PBGC") entered into a
Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU"); and

WHEREAS, all events under clauses (i) and (ii) of Section 1 of the MOU have
occurred, including the Combination of RES and RESI under a common ultimate
parent ("Ultimate Parent"), such Ultimate Parent being Republic Technologies
International, LLC ("RTI"); and

WHEREAS, under the MOU, RTI must make certain "Required Contributions,"
including a payment of $7,500,000 on January 1, 2000; and

WHEREAS, RTI and PBGC entered into a Key Terms for an Understanding Between
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation ("PBGC"), Republic Technologies
International, LLC ("RTI"), and USX Corporation ("USX") dated August 12, 1999
("Key Terms") under which RTI has certain other payment obligations;

NOW THEREFORE, RTI and PBGC agree to the following:

1. Subsections (b) and (c) of section 3 of the MOU are amended as follows: the
number in the "Amount ($mill)" column in the third row of each table shall be
"2.0" in lieu of "7.5." The parties hereto agree that as a result, the Required
Contribution which must be made no later than January 1, 2000, shall be
$2,000,000.00.

2. Subsections (b) and (c) of section 3 of the MOU are further amended --

         (a) to add a new row to each table after the current third row, with
the words "no later than 3/15/00" in the contribution "Date" column, and "5.5"
under the "Amount ($mill)" column;

         (b) to add the following proviso at the end of each table --

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         "provided, however, in the event RTI fails to make the payment required
         in section II.B.1 of the Key Terms for plan year 1999 on or before
         January 15, 2000 as required in section II.B.3 of the Key Terms, or in
         the event RTI does not provide PBGC with a Letter of Credit by December
         31, 1999, as required by section II.C. of the Key Terms, the Required
         Contribution due no later than 3/15/00, above, in the amount of
         $5,500,000.00 shall be due on January 15, 2000."

3. Except as the MOU is modified by this Amendment, the MOU remains unchanged
and in full force and effect, and the parties hereby ratify and affirm the MOU
as modified hereby.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have signed and agreed as of the date first
written above.

                              PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION

DATE: December 29, 1999       BY:/s/ Andrea Schneider
      -----------------         ------------------------------------
                                ANDREA SCHNEIDER, CHIEF NEGOTIATOR AND DIRECTOR
                                CORPORATE FINANCE AND NEGOTIATIONS DEPARTMENT

                              REPUBLIC TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL, LLC

Date: December 29, 1999           By:/s/ Joseph F. Lapinsky
      -----------------                 --------------------------

                                       2<PAGE>   1

EXHIBIT 10.43
-------------

                 SECOND AMENDMENT TO THE RES-PBGC MEMORANDUM OF
                      UNDERSTANDING DATED NOVEMBER 2, 1998

         THIS SECOND AMENDMENT to the RES-PBGC Memorandum of Understanding by
and between the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and RES Holding Corporation
is made and entered into as of this 15th day of March, 2000, by and between the
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and Republic Technologies International,
LLC.

                                   WITNESSETH
                                   ----------

WHEREAS, by last signature dated November 2, 1998, RES Holding Corporation
("RES") and the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation ("PBGC") entered into a
Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU"); and

WHEREAS, all events under clauses (i) and (ii) of Section 1 of the MOU have
occurred, including the Combination of RES and RESI under a common ultimate
parent, such ultimate parent being Republic Technologies International, LLC
("RTI"); and

WHEREAS, under the MOU, RTI must make certain "Required Contributions,"
including a payment of $7,500,000 on January 1, 2000; and

WHEREAS, effective December 29, 1999, RES and PBGC executed an Amendment of the
MOU; and

WHEREAS, under the Amendment, PBGC agreed to allow RES to defer $5,500,000 of
the January 1, 2000 payment until March 15, 2000;

NOW THEREFORE, RTI and PBGC agree to the following:

1. Subsections (b) and (c) of section 3 of the MOU are further amended as
follows:

         (a)      to change the new row added by the Amendment to each table,
                  with the words "no later than 3/15/00" in the contribution
                  "Date" column, to read "no later than 3/22/00."

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2. Except as the MOU is modified by this Second Amendment, the MOU remains
unchanged and in full force and effect, and the parties hereby ratify and affirm
the MOU as modified hereby.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have signed and agreed as of the date first
written above.

                              PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION

DATE: March 15, 2000          BY:/s/ Andrea Schneider
      -----------------         ------------------------------------
                                ANDREA SCHNEIDER, CHIEF NEGOTIATOR AND DIRECTOR
                                CORPORATE FINANCE AND NEGOTIATIONS DEPARTMENT

                              REPUBLIC TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL, LLC

Date: March 15, 2000           By:/s/ Joseph F. Lapinsky
      -----------------           --------------------------<PAGE>   1

EXHIBIT 10.44
-------------

                  THIRD AMENDMENT TO THE RES-PBGC MEMORANDUM OF
                      UNDERSTANDING DATED NOVEMBER 2, 1998

         THIS THIRD AMENDMENT to the RES-PBGC Memorandum of Understanding by and
between the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and RES Holding Corporation is
made and entered into as of the 22nd day of March, 2000, by and between the
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and Republic Technologies International,
LLC.

                                   WITNESSETH
                                   ----------

WHEREAS, by last signature dated November 2, 1998, RES Holding Corporation
("RES") and the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation ("PBGC") entered into a
Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU"); and

WHEREAS, all events under clauses (i) and (ii) of Section 1 of the MOU have
occurred, including the Combination of RES and RESI under a common ultimate
parent, such ultimate parent being Republic Technologies International, LLC
("RTI"); and

WHEREAS, under the MOU, RTI must make certain "Required Contributions,"
including a payment of $7,500,000 on January 1, 2000; and

WHEREAS, effective December 29, 1999, RTI and PBGC executed an Amendment of the
MOU under which PBGC agreed to allow RTI to defer $5,500,000 of the January 1,
2000 payment until March 15, 2000;

WHEREAS, effective March 15, 2000, RTI and PBGC executed a Second Amendment of
the MOU under which PBGC agreed to allow RTI to defer the $5,500,000 payment
until March 22, 2000;

NOW THEREFORE, RTI and PBGC agree to the following:

1. Subsections (b) and (c) of section 3 of the MOU are further amended as
follows:

         (a)      to change the new row added by the Amendment to each table,
                  with the words "no later than 3/22/00" in the contribution
                  "Date" column, to read "no later than 3/29/00."

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2. Except as the MOU is modified by this Third Amendment, the MOU remains
unchanged and in full force and effect, and the parties hereby ratify and affirm
the MOU as modified hereby.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have signed and agreed as of the date first
written above.

                                            PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION

Date: March 22, 2000                By: /s/ Andrea Schneider
      --------------                    --------------------
                                       ANDREA SCHNEIDER, CHIEF NEGOTIATOR
                                       AND DIRECTOR CORPORATE FINANCE AND
                                       NEGOTIATIONS DEPARTMENT

                                    REPUBLIC TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL,LLC

DATE:  March 22, 2000               BY: /s/ JOSEPH F. LAPINSKY
      ---------------                   ----------------------

                                    ITS:

                                       2<PAGE>   1

EXHIBIT 10.45
-------------

                 FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE RES-PBGC MEMORANDUM OF
                      UNDERSTANDING DATED NOVEMBER 2, 1998

         THIS FOURTH AMENDMENT to the RES-PBGC Memorandum of Understanding by
and between the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and RES Holding Corporation
is made and entered into as of the 29th day of March, 2000, by and between the
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and Republic Technologies International,
LLC.

                                   WITNESSETH
                                   ----------

WHEREAS, by last signature dated November 2, 1998, RES Holding Corporation
("RES") and the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation ("PBGC") entered into a
Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU"); and

WHEREAS, all events under clauses (i) and (ii) of Section 1 of the MOU have
occurred, including the Combination of RES and RESI under a common ultimate
parent, such ultimate parent being Republic Technologies International, LLC
("RTI"); and

WHEREAS, under the MOU, RTI must make certain "Required Contributions,"
including a payment of $7,500,000 on January 1, 2000; and

WHEREAS, effective December 29, 1999, RTI and PBGC executed an Amendment of the
MOU under which PBGC agreed to allow RTI to defer $5,500,000 of the January 1,
2000 payment until March 15, 2000;

WHEREAS, effective March 15, 2000, RTI and PBGC executed a Second Amendment of
the MOU under which PBGC agreed to allow RTI to defer the $5,500,000 payment
until March 22, 2000;

WHEREAS, effective March 22, 2000, RTI and PBGC executed a Third Amendment of
the MOU under which PBGC agreed to allow RTI to defer the $5,500,000 payment
until March 29, 2000;

NOW THEREFORE, RTI and PBGC agree to the following:

1.       Subsections (b) and (c) of section 3 of the MOU are further amended as
         follows:

         (a)      to change the new row added by the Amendment to each table,
                  with the words "no later than 3/29/00" in the contribution
                  "Date" column, to read "no later than 7/1/00."

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2. Except as the MOU is modified by this Fourth Amendment, the MOU remains
unchanged and in full force and effect, and the parties hereby ratify and affirm
the MOU as modified hereby.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have signed and agreed as of the date first
written above.

                                 PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION

DATE: March 29, 2000             BY: /s/ Andrea Schneider
      --------------                ------------------------
                                    ANDREA SCHNEIDER, CHIEF NEGOTIATOR AND
                                    DIRECTOR CORPORATE FINANCE AND NEGOTIATIONS
                                    DEPARTMENT

                                 REPUBLIC TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL,LLC

DATE: March 29, 2000             BY: /s/ Joseph F. Lapinsky
      --------------                ----------------------
                                    ITS:

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