Document:

ex10-6.htm

    CHANGE
IN CONTROL AND TERMINATION AGREEMENT

    

    

    THIS CHANGE IN CONTROL AND
TERMINATION AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”), to be effective as of the ____
day of ______, ____, is made and entered into by and between MID_AMERICA APARTMENT COMMUNITIES,
INC., a Tennessee corporation (the “Company”) and ______________________
(the “Employee”).

    

    RECITALS:

    

    WHEREAS, the Company
acknowledges that Employee’s contributions to the past and future growth and
success of the Company have been and will continue to be
substantial.  As a publicly held corporation, the Company recognizes
that there exists a possibility of a Change in Control (as defined herein) of
the Company.  The Company also recognizes that the possibility of such
a Change in Control may contribute to uncertainty on the part of management and
may result in the departure or distraction of senior management from their
operating responsibilities.

    

    WHEREAS, outstanding
management of the Company is always essential to advancing the best interests of
the Company’s shareholders.  In the event of a threat or occurrence of
a bid to acquire or change control of the Company or to effect a business
combination, it is particularly important that the Company’s businesses be
continued with a minimum of disruption.  The Company believes that the
objective of securing and retaining outstanding management will be achieved if
the Company’s key management employees are given assurances of employment
security so they will not be distracted by personal uncertainties and risks
created by such circumstances.

    

    NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of the mutual covenants and obligations herein and the
compensation the Company agrees herein to pay to the Employee, and of other good
and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby
acknowledged, the Company and the Employee agree as follows:

    

    1.           Definitions.  For
purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following
definitions:

    

    “1994 Plan” means the
Company’s Amended and Restated 1994 Restricted Stock and Stock Option
Plan.

    

    “1999 Plan” means the
Company’s 1999 Equity Compensation Plan.

    

    “2004 Plan” means the
Company’s 2004 Stock Plan

    

    “Additional Amount” means the
amount the Company shall pay to the Employee in order to indemnify the Employee
against all claims, losses, damages, penalties, expenses, interest, and Excise
Taxes (including additional taxes on such Additional Amount) incurred by
Employee as a result of Employee receiving Change of Control Benefits as further
described in Section
3(e) of this Agreement.

    

    “Arbitrators” means the
arbitrators selected to conduct any arbitration proceeding in connection with
any disputes arising out of or relating to this Agreement.

    

    “Award Plans” means the 1994
Plan, the 1999 Plan, the 2004 Plan and any other stock option, incentive
compensation, profit participation, bonus or extra compensation plan that is
adopted by the Company and in which the Company’s employees of the same level as
Employee are entitled to participate.

    

    “Benefit Plans” means each and
every health, life, medical, dental, disability, insurance and welfare plan
maintained by the Company for the benefit of Employee or the employees of the
Company generally, provided that Employee is eligible to participate in such
plan under the eligibility provisions thereof that are generally applicable to
participants therein.

    

    “Board” means the Board of
Directors of the Company.

    

    “Change of Control” means any
of the following events which occur during the Term of this
Agreement:

    

    (i) any
“person”, as that term is used in Section 13(d) and Section 14(d)(2) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), becomes, is
discovered to be, or files a report on Schedule 13D or 14D-1 (or any successor
schedule, form or report) disclosing that such person is a beneficial owner (as
defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act or any successor rule or
regulation), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing
25% or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding
securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, regardless
of whether or not the Board shall have approved the acquisition of such
securities by the acquiring person;

    

    (ii) individuals
who, as of the effective date of this Agreement, constitute the Board of
Directors of the Company cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority
of the Board of Directors of the Company, unless any such change is approved by
the vote of at least 80% of the members of the Board of Directors of the Company
in office immediately prior to such cessation;

    

    (iii) the
Company is merged, consolidated or reorganized into or with another corporation
or other legal person, or securities of the Company are exchanged for securities
of another corporation or other legal person, and immediately after such merger,
consolidation, reorganization or exchange less than 80% of the combined voting
power of the then-outstanding securities of such corporation or person
immediately after such transaction are held, directly or indirectly, in the
aggregate by the holders of securities entitled to vote generally in the
election of directors of the Company immediately prior to such
transaction;

    

    (iv) the
Company in any transaction or series of related transactions, sells all or
substantially all of its assets to any other corporation or other legal person
and less than a majority of the combined voting power of the then-outstanding
securities of such corporation or person immediately after such sale or sales
are held, directly or indirectly, in the aggregate by the holders of the
securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors of the
Company immediately prior to such sale:

    

    (v) the
Company and its affiliates shall sell or transfer (in a single transaction or
series of related transactions) to a non-affiliate business operations or assets
that generated at least two-thirds of the consolidated revenues (determined on
the basis of the Company’s four most recently completed fiscal quarters for
which reports have been filed under the Exchange Act) of the Company and its
subsidiaries immediately prior thereto;

    

    (vi) the
Company files a report or proxy statement with the Securities and Exchange
Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act disclosing in response to Form 8-K (or
any successor, form or report or item therein) that a change in control of the
Company has occurred;

    

    (vii) the
shareholders for the Company approve any plan or proposal for the liquidation or
dissolution of the Company; or

    

    (viii) any other
transaction or series of related transactions occur that have substantially the
effect of the transactions specified in any of the preceding clauses in this
sentence.

    

    “Change of Control Benefits”
means the Termination Payment and all other payments, benefits or compensation
(except for the Additional Amount) which the Employee receives or has the right
to receive from the Company or any of its affiliates solely as a result of
Employee’s Change of Control Termination.

    

    “Change of Control
Termination” means (i) a Termination Without Cause of the Employee’s
employment by the Company, in anticipation of, on, or within three (3) years
after a Change of Control, or (ii) the Employee’s resignation for Good Reason on
or within three (3) years after a Change of Control.

    

    “Code” means the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

    

    “Company” means Mid-America
Apartment Communities, Inc., a Tennessee corporation, and any successor to its
business and/or assets which assumes and agrees to perform this Agreement by
operation of law, or otherwise.

    

    “Company Shares” means the
shares of the common stock of the Company or any securities of a successor
company which shall have replaced such common stock.

    

    “Compensation Committee” means
the compensation committee of the Board.

    

    “Excess Parachute Payments”
has the meaning set forth in section 280G of the Code.

    

    “Excise Tax” means a tax on
Excess Parachute Payments imposed pursuant to Code section 4999.

    

    “Employee” means the person
identified in the preamble paragraph of this Agreement.

    

    “Fair Market Value” means, on
any given date, the closing sale price of the common stock of the Company on the
New York Stock Exchange on such date, or, if the New York Stock Exchange shall
be closed on such date, the next preceding date on which the New York Stock
Exchange shall have been open.

    

    “Good
Reason” means
that the Employee terminated his employment because, within the six (6) month
period preceding the Employee’s termination, one or more of the following
conditions arose and the Employee notified the Company of such condition within
90 days of its occurrence and the Company did not remedy such condition within
30 days:

     

    (i) a
material diminution in the Employee’s Base Salary as in effect on the date
hereof or as the same may be increased from time to time;

     

    (ii) a
material diminution in the Employee’s authority, duties, or
responsibilities;

     

    (iii) the
relocation of the Company’s principal executive offices to a location outside a
thirty-mile radius of Memphis, Tennessee or the Company’s requiring the Employee
to be based at any place other than a location within a thirty-mile radius of
Memphis, Tennessee, except for reasonably required travel on the Company’s
business; or

     

    (iv) any other
action or inaction that constitutes a material breach by the Company of this
Agreement.

     

    “Multi-Family Residential Business”
means the business of acquiring, developing, constructing, owning or
operating multi-family residential apartment communities.

    

    “Multi-Family Residential
Property” means any real estate upon which the Multi-Family Residential
Business is being conducted.

    

    “Option(s)” means any options
issued pursuant to the 1994 Plan, 1999 Plan, 2004 Plan or any other stock option
plan adopted by the Company, any option granted with respect to partnership
Units, or any option granted under the plan of any successor company that
replaces or assumes the Company’s or the Partnership’s Options.

    

    “Partnership” means
Mid-America Apartments, L.P., a Tennessee limited partnership.

    

    “Partnership Unit(s)” means
limited partnership interests of the Partnership.  The holder has the
option of requiring the Company to redeem such interests.  The Company
may elect to effectuate such redemption by either paying cash or exchanging
Company Shares for such interests.

    

    “Term” has the meaning
assigned to it in Section
2 of the Agreement.

    

    “Termination Date” means the
date employment of Employee is terminated.

    

    “Termination Notice” means a
written notice of termination of employment by Employee or the
Company.

    

    “Termination Payment” has the
meaning set forth in Section
3(b)(i) of this Agreement.

    

    “Termination With Cause” means
the termination of the Employee’s employment by act of the Board for any of the
following reasons:

    

    (i) the
Employee’s conviction for a felony;

    

    (ii) the
Employee’s theft, embezzlement, misappropriation of or intentional infliction of
material damage to the Company’s property or business opportunity;

    

    (iii) the
Employee’s intentional breach of the noncompetition provisions contained in
Section
4 of this Agreement; or

    

    (iv) the
Employee’s ongoing willful neglect of or failure to perform his duties hereunder
or his ongoing willful failure or refusal to follow any reasonable, unambiguous
duly adopted written direction of the Board or any duly constituted committee
thereof, if such willful neglect or failure is materially damaging or materially
detrimental to the business and operations of the Company; provided that
Employee shall have received written notice of such failure and shall have
continued to engage in such failure after 30 days following receipt of such
notice from the board, which notice specifically identifies the manner in which
the Board believes that Employee has engaged in such failure.

    

    

    For
purposes of this subsection, no act, or failure to act, shall be deemed
“willful” unless done, or omitted to be done, by Employee not in good faith, and
without reasonable belief that such action or omission was in the best interest
of the Company.  Employee shall not be deemed to have been terminated
for Cause unless and until there shall have been delivered to Employee a copy of
a resolution duly adopted by the affirmative vote of not less than
three-quarters of the entire membership of the Board at a meeting of the Board
called and held for such purpose (after reasonable notice to Employee and an
opportunity for Employee, together with his counsel, to be heard before the
Board), finding that, in good faith opinion of the Board, Employee was guilty of
misconduct as set forth above, and of continuing such misconduct after notice
from the Board.

    

    “Termination Without Cause”
means the termination of the Employee’s employment by the Company for any
reason other than Termination With Cause, or termination by the Company due to
Employee’s death or Permanent Disability.

    

    “Uniform Arbitration Act”
means the Uniform Arbitration Act, Tennessee Code Annotated  §
29-5-391 et
seq., as
amended.

    

    “Voluntary Termination” means
the Employee’s voluntary termination of his employment hereunder for any reason
other than Good Reason.  If the Employee gives a Termination Notice of
Voluntary Termination and, prior to the Termination Date, the Employee
voluntarily refuses or fails to provide substantially the same level of services
previously provided by the Employee to the Company for a period greater than two
consecutive weeks, the Voluntary Termination shall be deemed to be effective as
of the date on which the Employee so ceases to carry out his
duties.  Voluntary refusal to perform services shall not include
taking accrued and unused vacation, the Employee’s failure to perform services
on account of his illness or the illness of a member of his immediate family,
provided such illness is adequately substantiated at the reasonable request of
the Company, or any other absence from service with the written consent of the
Board.

    

    2.           Term;
Termination.  The term of this Agreement shall be one year and
shall commence on the date hereof and shall be extended automatically, for so
long as the Employee remains employed by the Company hereunder, the first day of
each month beginning January 1, 2005 for an additional one-month period (such
period, as it may be extended from time to time, being herein referred to as the
“Term”), unless terminated by Employee as a Voluntary Termination or otherwise
terminated earlier in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, to the effect
that on the first day of each month, the remaining term of this Agreement and
the Employee’s employment hereunder shall be one year.

    

    3.           Change of
Control.

    

    (a)           Termination in Connection with a
Change of Control.  Notwithstanding any other provision in this
Agreement or any other agreement pre-dating this Agreement between the Company
and Employee, in the event of a Change of Control Termination, the Company
shall, on the termination Date in respect of such Change of Control Termination,
pay the Employee, in addition to any Base Salary earned but not paid through the
Termination Date and any amounts due pursuant to Award plans and Benefit Plans
including, without limitation, the pro rata amount of Employee’s anticipated
bonus for the fiscal year in which Employee’s employment is so terminated, the
compensation and benefits set forth in Section
3(b).

    

    (b)           Compensation and
Benefits.

    

    (i)           A
Termination payment shall be paid which is equal to the sum of _____ times the
Employee’s annual base salary in effect on the Termination Date plus _____ times
the average annual cash bonus paid to the Employee for the two immediately
preceding fiscal years, under this Agreement or otherwise (“Termination
Payment”).  Notwithstanding Section
3(a), the Termination Payment shall be calculated and paid immediately
prior to the closing of the transactions constituting a Change of Control if the
Employee receives notice prior to the Change of Control that his employment will
be terminated on or after the Change of Control.

    

    (ii)           Employee
shall be permitted to participate in, and have all rights and benefits provided
by, all Benefit Plans which Employee was eligible to participate in immediately
prior to the Termination Date (to the extent such participation is possible
under the laws then pertaining to such Benefit Plans), for a minimum of two
years following the Termination Date.

    

    (iii)           In
lieu of Company Shares or Partnership Units issuable upon exercise of any
outstanding and unexercised Options granted to Employee, Employee may, at
Employee’s option, receive an amount in cash equal to the product of (i) the
excess of the higher of the Fair Market Value of the Company Shares on the
Termination Date, or the highest per share price the Company Shares actually
paid in connection with any Change of Control of the Company, over the per share
exercise price of each Option held by Employee, times (ii) the number of the
Company Shares or Partnership Units covered by each such Option.  In
the event Employee does not elect to receive a cash payment for any outstanding
and unexercised Options granted to Employee, Employee shall have the right to
exercise such Options in accordance with the terms and conditions provided in
the applicable stock option plans.

    

    (iv)           The
Company shall also pay to Employee all legal fees and expenses incurred by
Employee as a result of a termination described in Section
3(a) of this Agreement (including all such fees and expenses, if any,
incurred in contesting or disputing any such termination or in seeking to obtain
or enforce any right or benefit provided by this Agreement or in connection with
any tax audit or proceeding to the extent attributable to the application of
Section 4999 of the Code to any payment or benefit provided
hereunder).

    

    (c)           Certain
Transactions.  Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraphs
(i) or (vi) in the definition of change of control, unless otherwise determined
in a specific case by majority vote of the Board, a Change of Control shall not
be deemed to have occurred for purposes of this Agreement solely because (i) an
entity in which the Company directly or indirectly beneficially owns 50% or more
of the voting securities or (ii) any Company-sponsored employee stock ownership
plan, or any other employee benefit plan of the Company, either files or becomes
obligated to file a report or a proxy statement under or in response to Schedule
13D, Schedule 14D-1, Form 8-K or Schedule A (or any successor schedule, form or
report or item thereon) under the Exchange Act, disclosing beneficial ownership
by it of shares of stock of the Company, or because the Company reports that a
Change of Control of the Company has or may have occurred or will or may occur
in the future by reason of such beneficial ownership.

    

    (d)           Escrow
Arrangement.  If within thirty (30) days after the effective
date of a Change of Control Employee’s employment has not been terminated, the
Company shall deposit with an escrow agent, pursuant to an escrow agreement
between the Company and such escrow agent, a sum of money, or other property
permitted by such escrow agreement, which is substantially sufficient in the
opinion of the Company’s management to fund the amounts due to Employee set
forth in Section
3(b) of this Agreement.  The escrow agreement shall provide
that such agreement may not be terminated until the earlier of (i) Employee’s
employment has terminated and all amounts due to Employee as set forth in this
Agreement have been paid to Employee or (ii) three (3) years after the effective
date of the Change of Control.

    

    (e)           Tax Matters.  If
the Excise Tax on Excess Parachute Payments will be imposed on the Employee
under Code section 4999 as a result of the Employee’s receipt of the Change of
Control Benefits, the Company shall indemnify the Employee and hold him harmless
against all claims, losses, damages, penalties, expenses, interest, and Excise
Taxes.  To effect this indemnification, the Company shall pay to the
Employee the Additional Amount which is sufficient to indemnify and hold the
Employee harmless from the application of Code sections 280G and 4999, including
the amount of (i) the Excise Tax that will be imposed on the Employee under
section 4999 of the Code with respect to the Change of Control Benefits; (ii)
the additional (A) Excise Tax under section 4999 of the Code, (B) hospital
insurance tax under section 3111(b) of the Code and (C) federal, state and local
income taxes for which the Employee is or will be liable on account of the
payment of the amount described in subitem (i); and (iii) the further excise,
hospital insurance and income taxes for which the Employee is or will be liable
on account of the payment of the amount described in subitem (ii) and this
subitem (iii) and any other indemnification payment under this Section
3(e).  The Additional Amount shall be calculated and paid to
the Employee at the time that the Termination payment is paid to the
Employee.  In calculating the Additional Amount, the highest marginal
rates of federal and applicable state and local income taxes applicable to
individuals and in effect for the year in which the Change of Control occurs
shall be used.  Nothing in this paragraph shall give the Employee the
right to receive indemnification from the Company for federal, state or local
income taxes or hospital insurance taxes payable solely as a result of the
Employee’s receipt of (a) the Change in Control Benefits, or (b) any additional
payment, benefit or compensation other than the Additional Amount.  As
specified in items (ii) and (iii), above, all income, hospital insurance and
additional Excise Taxes resulting from additional compensation in the form of
the Excise Tax payment specified in item (i), above, shall be paid to the
Employee.

    

    The provisions of this Section
3(e) are illustrated by the following example:

    

    Assume that the termination Payment and
all other Change of Control Benefits result in a total federal, state and local
income tax and hospital insurance tax liability of $180,000; and an Excise Tax
liability under Code section 4999 of $70,000.  Under such
circumstances, the Employee is solely responsible for the $180,000 income and
hospital insurance tax liability; and the Company must pay to the Employee
$70,000, plus an amount necessary to indemnify the Employee for all federal,
state and local income taxes, hospital insurance taxes, and Excise Taxes that
will result from the $70,000 payment to the Employee and from all further
indemnification to the Employee of taxes attributable to the initial $70,000
payment.

    

    4.           Noncompetition.  During
the Term, the Employee shall not, other than through the Company or affiliates
of the Company, own any interest in any Multi-Family Residential Property (other
than Multi-Family Residential Property in which the Company or the Partnership
has an ownership interest), as partner, shareholder or otherwise, or engage in
the Multi-Family Residential Business, directly or indirectly, for his own
account or for the account of others, either as an officer, director,
shareholder, owner, partner, promoter, employee, consultant, advisor, agent,
manager, or in any other capacity.  For a period of one year after a
Change in Control Termination, Employee shall not own any interest in any
Multi-Family Residential Property as partner, shareholder or otherwise, or
directly or indirectly, for his own account or for the account of others, either
as an officer, director, promoter, employee, consultant, advisor, agent,
manager, or in any other capacity, engage in the Multi-Family Residential
Business within 5 miles of any Multi-Family Residential Property owned by the
Company or the Partnership at the time of termination of
employment.

    

    The Employee agrees that damages at law
for violation of the restrictive covenant contained herein would not be an
adequate or proper remedy to the Company, and that should the Employee violate
or threaten to violate any of the provisions of such covenant, the Company, its
successors or assigns, shall be entitled to obtain a temporary or permanent
injunction, as appropriate, against the Employee in any court having
jurisdiction over the person and the subject matter, prohibiting any further
violation of any such covenants.  The injunctive relief provided
herein shall be in addition to any award of damages, compensatory, exemplary or
otherwise, payable by reason of such violation.

    

    Furthermore, the Employee acknowledges
that this Agreement had been negotiated at arms’ length by the parties, neither
being under any compulsion to enter into this Agreement, and that the foregoing
restrictive covenant does not in any respect inhibit his ability to earn a
livelihood in his chosen profession without violating the restrictive covenant
contained herein.  The Company by these presents has attempted to
limit the Employee’s right to compete only to the extent necessary to protect
the Company from unfair competition.  The Company recognizes, however,
that reasonable people may differ in making such a
determination.  Consequently, the Company agrees that if the scope or
enforceability of the restricted covenant contained herein is in any way
disputed at any time, a court or other trier of fact may modify and enforce the
covenant to the extent that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances
existing at the time.

    

    5.           Employment
Status.  The parties acknowledge that the Employee is an “at
will” employee of the Company and has not contractual right to continued
employment or compensation in the event of termination of Employee’s employment
for any reason or no reason at all, other than as set forth in this
Agreement.  The parties acknowledge and agree that Employee is not an
independent contractor.  Any payments made to Employee by the Company
pursuant to this Agreement shall be treated for federal and state payroll tax
purposes as payments made to a Company employee, irrespective of whether such
payments are made subsequent to the Termination Date.

    

    6.           Notices.  All
notices or deliveries authorized or required pursuant to this Agreement shall be
deemed to have been given when in writing and personally delivered or when
deposited in the U.S. mail, certified, return receipt requested, postage
prepaid, addressed to the parties at the following addresses or to such other
addresses as either may designate in writing to the other party:

    

    To the
Company:                                 6584
Poplar Avenue

    Suite 300

    Memphis, TN 38138

    Attn:  Corporate
Secretary

    

    To the
Employee:                                 Employee
Name

    Employee Address

    

    7.           Entire
Agreement.  This Agreement contains the entire understanding
between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and shall
not be modified in any manner except by instrument in writing signed, by or on
behalf of, the parties hereto; provided, however, that any amendment or
termination of the covenant of noncompetition in Section
4 must be approved by a majority of the Directors of the Company other
than the Employee, if the Employee is then a director of the
Company.  This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the
benefit of the heirs, successors and assigns of the parties hereto.

    

    8.           Arbitration.  Any
controversy concerning or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement
shall be settled by final and binding arbitration in Memphis, Shelby County,
Tennessee at a location specified by the party seeking such
arbitration.

    

    (a)           The
Arbitrators.  Any arbitration proceeding shall be conducted by
three (3) Arbitrators and the decision of the Arbitrators shall be binding on
all parties.  Each Arbitrator shall have substantial experience and
expert competence in the matters being arbitrated.  The part desiring
to submit any matter relating to this Agreement to arbitration shall do so by
written notice to the other party, which notice shall set forth the items to be
arbitrated, such party’s choice of Arbitrator, and such party’s substantive
position in the arbitration.  The party receiving such notice shall,
within fifteen (15) days after receipt of such notice, appoint an Arbitrator and
notify the other party of its appointment and of its substantive
position.  The Arbitrators appointed by the parties to the Arbitration
shall select an additional Arbitrator meeting the aforedescribed
criteria.  The Arbitrators shall be required to render a decision in
accordance with the procedures set forth in Subparagraph (b) below within thirty
(30) days after being notified of their selection.  The fees of the
Arbitrators shall be equally divided amongst the parties to the
arbitration.

    

    (b)           Arbitration
Procedures.  Arbitration shall be conducted in accordance with
the Uniform Arbitration Act, except to the extent the provisions of such Act are
modified by this Agreement or the subsequent mutual agreement of the
parties.  Judgment upon the award rendered by the Arbitrator(s) may be
entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof.  Any party hereto
may bring an action, including a summary or expedited proceeding, to compel
arbitration of any controversy or claim to which this provision applies in any
court having jurisdiction over such action in Shelby County, Tennessee, and the
parties agree that jurisdiction and venue in Shelby County, Tennessee are
appropriate and approved by such parties.

    

    9.           Applicable
Law.  This Agreement shall be governed and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of Tennessee.

    

    10.           Assignment.  The
Employee acknowledges that his services are unique and
personal.  Accordingly, the Employee may not assign his rights or
delegate his duties or obligations under this Agreement, except with respect to
certain rights to receive payments as described in Section
7.

    

    11.           Headings.  Headings
in this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not be used to interpret or
construe is provisions.

    

    12.           Successors;
Binding Agreement.  The Company will require any successor to
all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of the Company to
expressly assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to
the same extent that the Company would be required to perform it if no such
succession had taken place.  Failure of the Company to obtain such
assumption and agreement prior to the effectiveness of any such succession shall
be a breach of this Agreement and shall entitle the Employee to compensation
from the Company in the same amount and on the same terms as Employee would be
entitled to hereunder if Employee terminates his employment for Good
Reason.  The Company’s rights and obligations under this Agreement
shall inure to the benefit of and shall be binding upon the Company’s successors
and assigns.

    

    [The
remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]

    

    IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have
executed this Agreement effective as of the date first above
written.

    

    MID-AMERICA APARTMENT COMMUNITIES,
INC.

    

    

    

    By:
____________________________________________

           Simon
R. C. Wadsworth

           Chief
Financial Officer

    

    

    Employee:

    

    

    

    ________________________________________________

    Employee NameEXHIBIT 4.1

================================================================================

                                RIGHTS AGREEMENT

                                 by and between

                                 SIX FLAGS, INC.

                                       and

                           THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON
                                 as Rights Agent

                          Dated as of December 2, 2008

================================================================================

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                            Page
                                                                            ----

Section 1   Certain Definitions................................................1
Section 2   Appointment of Rights Agent........................................6
Section 3   Issuance of Right Certificates.....................................6
Section 4   Form of Right Certificates.........................................7
Section 5   Countersignature and Registration..................................8
Section 6   Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Right
            Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right
            Certificates.......................................................8
Section 7   Exercise of Rights; Exercise Price; Expiration Date of
            Rights.............................................................9
Section 8   Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates................11
Section 9   Reservation and Availability of Shares of Preferred Stock.........11
Section 10  Preferred Stock Record Date.......................................13
Section 11  Adjustment of Exercise Price or Number of Shares..................13
Section 12  Certification of Adjusted Exercise Price or Number of Shares......20
Section 13  Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or
            Earning Power.....................................................20
Section 14  Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares...........................24
Section 15  Rights of Action..................................................25
Section 16  Agreement of Right Holders........................................26
Section 17  Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder.................26
Section 18  Concerning the Rights Agent.......................................27
Section 19  Merger or Consolidation of, or Change in Name of, the
            Rights Agent......................................................28
Section 20  Duties of Rights Agent............................................28
Section 21  Change of Rights Agent............................................30
Section 22  Issuance of New Right Certificates................................31
Section 23  Redemption and Early Expiration...................................31
Section 24  Notice of Proposed Actions........................................32
Section 25  Notices...........................................................33
Section 26  Supplements and Amendments........................................33
Section 27  Exchange..........................................................34
Section 28  Successors........................................................35
Section 29  Benefits of this Rights Agreement.................................35

                                      -i-
<PAGE>

Section 30  Delaware Contract.................................................35
Section 31  Counterparts......................................................35
Section 32  Descriptive Headings..............................................35
Section 33  Severability......................................................35
Section 34  Determinations and Actions by the Board of Directors, etc.........36

                                      -ii-

<PAGE>

                                RIGHTS AGREEMENT

            Rights Agreement (this "Rights Agreement"), dated as of December 2,
2008, by and between Six Flags Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and
The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York banking corporation (the "Rights
Agent").

                              W I T N E S S E T H:
                              - - - - - - - - - -

            WHEREAS, on December 2, 2008, the Board of Directors of the Company
authorized the issuance of, and declared a dividend payable in, one right (a
"Right") for each share of Common Stock, $0.025 par value per share, of the
Company outstanding as of the close of business on December 17, 2008 (the
"Record Date"), each such Right initially representing the right to purchase one
one-thousandth of a share of Series A Junior Preferred Stock of the Company
("Preferred Stock") having the rights and preferences set forth in the form of
Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights authorized by the Board of
Directors on December 10, 1997, as amended and restated by the Board of
Directors of the Company on February 4, 1997 and as further amended and restated
by the Board of Directors of the Company on December 2, 2008, upon the terms and
subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth; and

            WHEREAS, on December 2, 2008, the Board of Directors of the Company
further authorized the issuance of one Right (subject to adjustment) with
respect to each share of Common Stock which may be issued between the Record
Date and the earlier to occur of the Distribution Date, the Expiration Date or
the Final Expiration Date (as such terms are hereinafter defined).

            NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual
agreements herein set forth, the parties hereby agree as follows:

            Section 1. Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Rights
Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:

            (a) "Acquiring Person" shall mean any Person (as such term is
hereinafter defined) who or which, together with all Affiliates (as such term is
hereinafter defined) and Associates (as such term is hereinafter defined) of
such Person, shall be the Beneficial Owner (as such term is hereinafter defined)
of 15% or more of the Voting Stock of the Company then outstanding; provided,
that, an Acquiring Person shall not include (i) an Exempt Person (as such term
is hereinafter defined) or (ii) any Person, together with all Affiliates and
Associates of such Person, who or which would be an Acquiring Person solely by
reason of (A) being the Beneficial Owner of shares of Voting Stock of the
Company, the Beneficial Ownership of which was acquired by such Person pursuant
to any action or transaction or series of related actions or transactions
approved by the Board of Directors before such Person otherwise became an
Acquiring Person or (B) a reduction in the number of issued and outstanding
shares of Voting Stock of the Company pursuant to a transaction or a series of
related transactions approved by the Board of Directors of the Company;
provided, further, that in the event such Person described in this clause (ii)
does not become an Acquiring Person by reason of subclause (A) or

<PAGE>

(B) of this clause (ii), such Person nonetheless shall become an Acquiring
Person in the event such Person thereafter acquires Beneficial Ownership of an
additional 1% of the Voting Stock of the Company, unless the acquisition of such
additional Voting Stock would not result in such Person becoming an Acquiring
Person by reason of subclause (A) or (B) of this clause (ii). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, if the Board of Directors of the Company determines in good faith
that a Person who would otherwise be an "Acquiring Person" as defined pursuant
to the foregoing provisions of this paragraph (a) has become such inadvertently,
and such Person divests as promptly as practicable (as determined in good faith
by the Board of Directors) a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock so that
such Person would no longer be an "Acquiring Person" as defined pursuant to the
foregoing provisions of this paragraph (a), then such Person shall not be deemed
an "Acquiring Person" for any purposes of this Rights Agreement.

            (b) "Affiliate" shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Rule
12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), as in effect on the date of this Rights
Agreement.

            (c) "Associate" of a Person (as such term is hereinafter defined)
shall mean (i) with respect to a corporation, any officer or director thereof or
of any Subsidiary (as such term is hereinafter defined) thereof, or any
Beneficial Owner (as such term is hereinafter defined) of 10% or more of any
class of equity security thereof, (ii) with respect to an association, joint
venture or other unincorporated organization, any officer or director thereof or
of a Subsidiary thereof or any Beneficial Owner of 10% or more ownership
interest therein, (iii) with respect to a partnership, any general partner
thereof or any limited partner thereof who is, directly or indirectly, the
Beneficial Owner of a 10% or greater ownership interest therein, (iv) with
respect to a limited liability company, any officer, director or manager thereof
or of a Subsidiary thereof or any member thereof who is, directly or indirectly,
the Beneficial Owner of a 10% or greater ownership interest therein, (v) with
respect to a business trust, any officer or trustee thereof or of any Subsidiary
thereof, (vi) with respect to any other trust or an estate, any trustee,
executor or similar fiduciary or any Person who has a 10% or greater interest as
a beneficiary in the income from or principal of such trust or estate, (vii)
with respect to a natural person, any relative or spouse of such person, or any
relative of such spouse, who has the same home as such person, and (viii) any
Affiliate of such Person.

            (d) A person shall be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of, or to
"Beneficially Own", any securities (and correlative terms shall have correlative
meanings):

               (i) which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or
      Associates beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, for purposes of
      Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Regulations 13D and 13G thereunder
      (or any comparable or successor law or regulation), in each case as in
      effect on the date hereof; or

               (ii) which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or
      Associates has (A) the right to acquire (whether such right is exercisable
      immediately or only after the passage of time or the fulfillment of a
      condition or both) pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding
      (whether or not in writing), or upon the exercise of conversion rights,
      exchange rights, other rights (other than these Rights), warrants or

                                      -2-
<PAGE>

      options, or otherwise; provided, however, that a Person shall not be
      deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of, or to "Beneficially Own", securities
      tendered pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made by or on behalf of
      such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates until such
      tendered securities are accepted for purchase or exchange or (B) the right
      to vote, alone or in concert with others, pursuant to any agreement,
      arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing); provided,
      however, that a Person shall not be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of, or
      to "Beneficially Own", any securities if the agreement, arrangement or
      understanding to vote such security (1) arises solely from a revocable
      proxy or consent given in response to a proxy or consent solicitation made
      pursuant to, and in accordance with, the applicable rules and regulations
      under the Exchange Act and (2) is not at the time reportable by such
      Person on a Schedule 13D report under the Exchange Act (or any comparable
      or successor report), other than by reference to a proxy or consent
      solicitation being conducted by such Person; or

               (iii) which are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by
      any other Person with which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates
      or Associates has any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or
      not in writing) for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting (except as
      described in clause (B) of subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph (d)) or
      disposing of any securities of the Company; provided, however, that for
      purposes of determining Beneficial Ownership of securities under this
      Rights Agreement, officers and directors of the Company solely by reason
      of their status as such shall not constitute a group (notwithstanding that
      they may be Associates of one another or may be deemed to constitute a
      group for purposes of Section 13(d) the Exchange Act) and shall not be
      deemed to own shares owned by another officer or director of the Company;
      or

               (iv) which are the subject of a derivative transaction entered
      into by such Person, or derivative security acquired by such Person, which
      gives such Person the economic equivalent of ownership of an amount of
      such securities due to the fact that the value of the derivative is
      explicitly determined by reference to the price or value of such
      securities, without regard to whether (A) such derivative conveys any
      voting rights in such securities to such Person, (B) the derivative is
      required to be, or capable of being, settled through delivery of such
      securities, or (C) such Person may have entered into other transactions
      that hedge the economic effect of such derivative. In determining the
      number of Ordinary Shares deemed Beneficially Owned by virtue of the
      operation of this subparagraph (iv) of this paragraph (d), the subject
      Person shall be deemed to Beneficially Own (without duplication) the
      number of Ordinary Shares that are synthetically owned pursuant to such
      derivative transactions or such derivative securities.

Notwithstanding anything in this paragraph (d) to the contrary, a Person engaged
in the business of underwriting securities shall not be deemed the "Beneficial
Owner" of, or to "Beneficially Own," any securities acquired in good faith in a
firm commitment underwriting until the expiration of forty days after the date
of such acquisition.

            (e) "Business Day" shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday,
or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York or the State of
New Jersey are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

            (f) "Close of Business" on any given date shall mean 5:00 P.M., New
York City time, on such date; provided, however, that if such date is not a
Business Day it shall mean 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on the next succeeding
Business Day.

            (g) "Common Stock" when used with reference to the Company shall
collectively mean the Common Stock, $0.025 par value, of the Company. "Common
Stock" when used with reference to any Person other than the Company which shall
be organized in corporate form shall mean the capital stock or other equity
security with the greatest per share voting power of such Person. "Common Stock"
when used with reference to any Person other than the Company which shall not be
organized in corporate form shall mean units of beneficial interest which shall
represent the right to participate in profits, losses, deductions and credits of
such Person and which shall be entitled to exercise the greatest voting power
per unit of such Person.

            (h) "Common Stock equivalents" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 11(a)(iii) hereof.

            (i) "Current Value" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
11(a)(iii) hereof.

            (j) "Distribution Date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
3(b) hereof.

            (k) "equivalent preferred shares" shall have the meaning set forth
in Section 11(b) hereof.

            (l) "Exchange Act" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1(b)
hereof.

            (m) "Exempt Person" shall mean (i) the Company, (ii) any Subsidiary
of the Company or (iii) any employee benefit plan or employee stock plan of the
Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, or any trust or other entity
organized, appointed, established or holding Common Stock for or pursuant to the
terms of any such plan.

            (n) "Exercise Price" shall have the meaning set forth in Sections 4
and 7(b) hereof.

            (o) "Expiration Date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
7(a) hereof.

            (p) "Final Expiration Date" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 7(a) hereof.

            (q) "Nasdaq" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9(b)
hereof.

            (r) "NYSE" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(d)(i)
hereof.

            (s) "Person" shall mean any individual, firm, corporation, limited
liability company, partnership, joint venture, association, trust,
unincorporated organization or other entity, and shall include any successor (by
merger or otherwise) of such entity.

                                      -4-
<PAGE>

            (t) "Principal Party" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
13(b) hereof.

            (u) "Redemption Price" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
23(a) hereof.

            (v) "Right Certificate" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
3(d) hereof.

            (w) "Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 11(a)(iii) hereof.

            (x) "Security" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(d)(i)
hereof.

            (y) "Spread" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii)
hereof.

            (z) "Stock Acquisition Date" shall mean the first date on which
there shall be a public announcement by the Company or an Acquiring Person that
an Acquiring Person has become such (which, for purposes of this definition,
shall include, without limitation, a report filed pursuant to Section 13(d) of
the Exchange Act) or such earlier date as a majority of the Board of Directors
of the Company shall become aware of the existence of an Acquiring Person as
confirmed by action of the Board of Directors of the Company taken by the
affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors of the Company.

            (aa) "Subsidiary" of a Person shall mean any corporation or other
entity of which securities or other ownership interests having voting power
sufficient to elect a majority of the board of directors or other persons
performing similar functions are Beneficially Owned, directly or indirectly, by
such Person or by any corporation or other entity that is otherwise controlled
by such Person.

            (bb) "Substitution Period" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 11(a)(iii) hereof.

            (cc) "Summary of Rights" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
3(a) hereof.

            (dd) "Trading Day" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
11(d)(i) hereof.

            (ee) "Transfer Tax" shall mean any tax or charge, including any
documentary stamp tax, imposed or collected by any governmental or regulatory
authority in respect of any transfer of any security, instrument or right,
including Rights, shares of Common Stock and shares of Preferred Stock.

            (ff) "Voting Stock" shall mean (i) the Common Stock of the Company
and (ii) any other shares of capital stock of the Company entitled to vote
generally in the election of directors or entitled to vote together with the
Common Stock in respect of any merger, consolidation, sale of all or
substantially all of the Company's assets, liquidation, dissolution or winding
up. For purposes of this Rights Agreement, a stated percentage of the Voting
Stock shall mean a number of shares of the Voting Stock as shall equal in voting
power that stated percentage of the total voting power of the then outstanding
shares of Voting Stock in the

                                      -5-
<PAGE>

election of a majority of the Board of Directors or in respect of any merger,
consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of the Company's assets,
liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

            Any determination required to be made by the Board of Directors of
the Company for purposes of applying the definitions contained in this Section 1
shall be made by the Board of Directors in its good faith judgment, which
determination shall be binding on the Rights Agent and the holders of the
Rights.

            Section 2. Appointment of Rights Agent. The Company hereby appoints
the Rights Agent to act as agent for the Company in accordance with the terms
and conditions hereof, and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such appointment. The
Company may from time to time appoint such Co-Rights Agents as it may deem
necessary or desirable upon ten (10) days' prior written notice to the Rights
Agent. The Rights Agent shall have no duty to supervise, and in no event be
liable for, the acts or omissions of any such Co-Rights Agent.

            Section 3. Issuance of Right Certificates. (a) On the Record Date
(or as soon as practicable thereafter), the Company or the Rights Agent (if
requested and provided with the necessary information) shall send a copy of a
summary of rights (the "Summary of Rights"), in substantially the form set forth
in Exhibit A hereto, by first class mail, postage prepaid, to each record holder
of the Common Stock as of the close of business on the Record Date, at the
address of such holder shown on the records of the Company.

            (b) Until the close of business on the day which is the earlier of
(i) the tenth day after the Stock Acquisition Date or (ii) the tenth business
day (or such later date as may be determined by action of the Board of Directors
prior to such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring Person) after the date of
the commencement by any Person (other than an Exempt Person) of, or the first
public announcement of the intent of any Person (other than an Exempt Person) to
commence, a tender or exchange offer upon the successful consummation of which
such Person, together with its Affiliates and Associates, would be the
Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the then outstanding shares of Voting Stock
of the Company (irrespective of whether any shares are actually purchased
pursuant to any such offer) (the earlier of such dates being herein referred to
as the "Distribution Date"), (x) the Rights shall be evidenced by the
certificates for Common Stock registered in the name of the holders of Common
Stock (together with, in the case of certificates for Common Stock outstanding
as of the Record Date, the Summary of Rights) and not by separate Right
certificates and the record holders of such certificates for Common Stock shall
be the record holders of the Rights represented thereby and (y) each Right shall
be transferable only simultaneously and together with the transfer of a share of
Common Stock (subject to adjustment as hereinafter provided). Until the
Distribution Date (or, if earlier, the Expiration Date or Final Expiration
Date), the surrender for transfer of any certificate for Common Stock shall
constitute the surrender for transfer of the Right or Rights associated with the
Common Stock evidenced thereby, whether or not accompanied by a copy of the
Summary of Rights.

            (c) Rights shall be issued in respect of all shares of Common Stock
that become outstanding after the Record Date but prior to the earlier of the
Distribution Date, the Expiration Date or the Final Expiration Date and, in
certain circumstances provided in Section 22 hereof, may be issued in respect of
shares of Common Stock that become outstanding

                                      -6-
<PAGE>

after the Distribution Date. Certificates for Common Stock (including, without
limitation, certificates issued upon original issuance, disposition from the
Company's treasury or transfer or exchange of Common Stock) after the Record
Date but prior to the earliest of the Distribution Date, the Expiration Date, or
the Final Expiration Date (or, in certain circumstances as provided in Section
22 hereof, after the Distribution Date) shall have impressed, printed, written
or stamped thereon or otherwise affixed thereto substantially the following
legend:

            This certificate also evidences and entitles the holder hereof to
            the same number of Rights (subject to adjustment) as the number of
            shares of Common Stock represented by this certificate, such Rights
            being on the terms provided under the Rights Agreement between Six
            Flags, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon (the "Rights Agent"),
            dated as of December 2, 2008, as it may be amended from time to time
            (the "Rights Agreement"), the terms of which are incorporated herein
            by reference and a copy of which is on file at the principal
            executive offices of Six Flags, Inc. Under certain circumstances, as
            set forth in the Rights Agreement, such Rights shall be evidenced by
            separate certificates and shall no longer be evidenced by this
            certificate. Six Flags, Inc. shall mail to the registered holder of
            this certificate a copy of the Rights Agreement without charge
            within five days after receipt of a written request therefor. Under
            certain circumstances as provided in Section 7(e) of the Rights
            Agreement, Rights issued to or Beneficially Owned by Acquiring
            Persons or their Affiliates or Associates (as such terms are defined
            in the Rights Agreement) or any subsequent holder of such Rights
            shall be null and void and may not be transferred to any Person.

            (d) As soon as practicable after the Distribution Date, the Company
will prepare and execute, the Rights Agent will countersign, and the Company
will send or cause to be sent (and the Rights Agent will, if requested and
provided with the necessary information, send), by first class mail, postage
prepaid, to each record holder of the Common Stock as of the close of business
on the Distribution Date, as shown by the records of the Company, at the address
of such holder shown on such records, a certificate in the form provided by
Section 4 hereof (a "Right Certificate"), evidencing one Right (subject to
adjustment as provided herein) for each share of Common Stock so held. As of and
after the Distribution Date, the Rights shall be evidenced solely by Right
Certificates and may be transferred by the transfer of the Right Certificate as
permitted hereby, separately and apart from any transfer of one or more shares
of Common Stock. The Company shall promptly notify the Rights Agent in writing
upon the occurrence of a Distribution Date. Until such notice is received by the
Rights Agent, the Rights Agent may presume conclusively for all purposes that a
Distribution Date has not occurred.

            Section 4. Form of Right Certificates. The Right Certificates (and
the forms of election to purchase shares, certificate and assignment to be
printed on the reverse thereof), when, as and if issued, shall be substantially
in the form set forth in Exhibit B hereto and may have such marks of
identification or designation and such legends, summaries or endorsements
printed thereon as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or
regulation made

                                      -7-
<PAGE>

pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which
the Common Stock or the Rights may from time to time be listed or as the Company
may deem appropriate to conform to usage or otherwise and as are not
inconsistent with the provisions of this Rights Agreement and which do not
affect the rights, duties, obligations or liabilities of the Rights Agent.
Subject to the provisions of Section 22 hereof, Right Certificates evidencing
Rights whenever issued, (i) shall be dated as of the date of issuance of the
Rights they represent and (ii) subject to adjustment from time to time as
provided herein, on their face shall entitle the holders thereof to purchase
such number of shares (including fractional shares which are integral multiples
of one one-thousandth of a share) of Preferred Stock as shall be set forth
therein at the price payable upon exercise of a Right provided by Section 7(b)
hereof as the same may from time to time be adjusted as provided herein (the
"Exercise Price").

            Section 5. Countersignature and Registration. (a) Each Right
Certificate shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the
Board, President or any Vice President, either manually or by facsimile
signature, and have affixed thereto the Company's seal or a facsimile thereof
which shall be attested by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the
Company, either manually or by facsimile signature. Each Right Certificate shall
be countersigned by the Rights Agent either manually or by facsimile signature
and shall not be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned. In case any
officer of the Company who shall have signed any Right Certificate shall cease
to be such officer of the Company before countersignature by the Rights Agent
and issuance and delivery of the certificate by the Company, such Right
Certificate, nevertheless, may be countersigned by the Rights Agent and issued
and delivered with the same force and effect as though the person who signed
such Right Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the Company. Any
Right Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by any person who, on
the date of the execution of such Right Certificate, shall be a proper officer
of the Company to sign such Right Certificate, although at the date of the
execution of this Rights Agreement any such person was not such an officer.

            (b) Following the Distribution Date and receipt by the Rights Agent
of notice to that effect, the Rights Agent will keep or cause to be kept, at its
principal office or one or more offices designated as the appropriate place for
surrender of Right Certificates upon exercise or transfer, and in such other
locations as may be required by law, books for registration and transfer of the
Right Certificates issued hereunder. Such books shall show the names and
addresses of the respective holders of the Right Certificates, the number of
Rights evidenced on its face by each of the Right Certificates and the date of
each of the Right Certificates.

            Section 6. Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Right
Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right Certificates. (a)
Subject to the provisions of Section 7(e), 7(f) and 14 hereof, at any time after
the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, and at or prior to the Close of
Business on the earlier of the Expiration Date or the Final Expiration Date, any
Right Certificate, may be (i) transferred or (ii) split up, combined or
exchanged for one or more other Right Certificates, entitling the registered
holder to purchase a like number of shares of Preferred Stock as the Right
Certificate or Rights Certificates surrendered then entitled such holder to
purchase. Any registered holder desiring to transfer any Right Certificate shall
surrender the Right Certificate at the office of the Rights Agent designated for
the surrender of Right Certificates with the form of certificate and assignment
on the reverse side thereof duly endorsed (or enclosed with such Right
Certificate a written instrument of

                                      -8-
<PAGE>

transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Rights Agent), duly
executed by the registered holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in
writing, and with such signature duly guaranteed. Any registered holder desiring
to split up, combine or exchange any Right Certificate shall make such request
in writing delivered to the Rights Agent, and shall surrender the Right
Certificate to be split up, combined or exchanged at the office of the Rights
Agent designated therefor. Thereupon, the Rights Agent shall countersign and
deliver to the person entitled thereto a Right Certificate or Right
Certificates, as the case may be, as so requested. The Company may require
payment of a sum sufficient to cover any Transfer Tax that may be imposed in
connection with any transfer, split up, combination or exchange of any Right
Certificates. The Rights Agent shall have no duty or obligation to take any
action under any section of this Rights Agreement which requires payment by a
Rights holder of applicable taxes and charges to the Company unless and until
the Company provides a written certificate to the Rights Agent certifying that
all such taxes and/or charges have been paid.

            (b) Subject to the provisions of Section 7(e), 7(f) and 14 hereof,
upon receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent of evidence satisfactory to
them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of a Right Certificate, and,
in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably
satisfactory to them and, reimbursement to the Company and the Rights Agent of
all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, or upon surrender to the Rights
Agent and cancellation of the Right Certificate if mutilated, the Company shall
issue and deliver a new Right Certificate of like tenor to the Rights Agent for
delivery to the registered owner in lieu of the Right Certificate so lost,
stolen, destroyed or mutilated.

            Section 7. Exercise of Rights; Exercise Price; Expiration Date of
Rights. (a) The Rights shall not be exercisable until, and shall become
exercisable on, the Distribution Date (unless otherwise provided herein,
including, without limitation, the restrictions on exercisability set forth in
Section 7(e) and 23(a) hereof). Except as otherwise provided herein, the Rights
may be exercised, in whole or in part, at any time commencing with the
Distribution Date upon surrender of the Right Certificate, with the form of
election to purchase and certificate on the reverse side thereof duly executed
(with signatures duly guaranteed), to the Rights Agent at the principal office
of the Rights Agent in New York, New York, together with payment of the Exercise
Price in cash or cashier's check payable to the order of the Company for each
Right exercised, subject to adjustment as hereinafter provided, at or prior to
the Close of Business on the earlier of (i) December 2, 2018 (the "Final
Expiration Date"), (ii) the date on which the Rights are redeemed as provided in
Section 23 hereof or (iii) the date on which the Rights expire as provided in
Section 23(d) hereof (such earlier date being herein referred to as the
"Expiration Date").

            (b) The Exercise Price shall initially be $1.25 for each one
one-thousandth (1/1000) of a share of Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the
exercise of a Right. The Exercise Price and the number of shares of Preferred
Stock or other securities to be acquired upon exercise of a Right shall be
subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in Sections 11 and 13
hereof. The Exercise Price shall be payable in lawful money of the United States
of America, in accordance with paragraph (c) below.

            (c) Except as otherwise provided herein, upon receipt of a Right
Certificate representing exercisable Rights with the form of election to
purchase duly executed,

                                      -9-
<PAGE>

accompanied by payment by certified check, cashier's check, bank draft or money
order payable to the Company or the Rights Agent of the Exercise Price for the
shares to be purchased and an amount equal to any applicable Transfer Tax
required to be paid by the holder of the Right Certificate in accordance with
Section 9(e) hereof, the Rights Agent shall thereupon promptly (i) requisition
from any transfer agent (or make available, if the Rights Agent is the transfer
agent for such shares) of the Preferred Stock of the Company one or more
certificates representing the number of shares of Preferred Stock to be so
purchased, if the Rights Agent is the transfer agent for such shares, and the
Company hereby authorizes and directs the Rights Agent, in its capacity as
transfer agent, to comply with all such requests, (ii) as provided in Section
14(b), at the election of the Company, cause depositary receipts to be issued in
lieu of fractional shares of Preferred Stock, (iii) if the election provided for
in the immediately preceding clause (ii) has not been made, requisition from the
Company the amount of cash to be paid in lieu of the issuance of fractional
shares in accordance with Section 14(b) hereof, (iv) after receipt of such
Preferred Stock certificates and, if applicable, depositary receipts, cause the
same to be delivered to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Right
Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be designated by such
holder and (v) when appropriate, after receipt, promptly deliver such cash to or
upon the order of the registered holder of such Right Certificate; provided,
however, that in the case of a purchase of securities, other than Preferred
Stock, pursuant to Section 13 hereof, the Rights Agent shall promptly take the
appropriate actions corresponding in such case to that referred to in the
foregoing clauses (i) through (v) of this Section 7(c). Notwithstanding the
foregoing provisions of this Section 7(c), the Company may suspend the issuance
of shares of Preferred Stock upon exercise of a Right for a reasonable period,
not in excess of 90 days, during which the Company seeks to register under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and any applicable
securities law of any other jurisdiction, the shares of Preferred Stock to be
issued pursuant to the Rights; provided, however, that nothing contained in this
Section 7(c) shall relieve the Company of its obligations under Section 9(c)
hereof.

            (d) In case the registered holder of any Right Certificate shall
exercise less than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new Right Certificate
evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining unexercised shall be issued
by the Rights Agent to the registered holder of such Right Certificate or his
assign, subject to the provisions of Section 14(b) hereof.

            (e) Notwithstanding any provision of this Rights Agreement to the
contrary, from and after the time (the "invalidation time") when any Person
first becomes an Acquiring Person, any Rights that are Beneficially Owned by (x)
such Acquiring Person (or any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person),
(y) a transferee of such Acquiring Person (or any such Associate or Affiliate)
who becomes a transferee after the invalidation time or (z) a transferee of such
Acquiring Person (or any such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee
prior to or concurrently with the invalidation time pursuant to either (I) a
transfer from the Acquiring Person to holders of its equity securities or to any
Person with whom it has any continuing agreement, arrangement or understanding
regarding the transferred Rights or (II) a transfer which the Board of Directors
has determined is part of a plan, arrangement or understanding which has the
purpose or effect of avoiding the provisions of this Section 7(e), and
subsequent transferees of such Persons referred to in clause (y) and (z) above,
shall be void without any further action and any holder of such Rights shall
thereafter have no rights whatsoever with respect to such Rights under any
provision of this Rights Agreement. The Company shall use all

                                      -10-
<PAGE>

reasonable efforts to ensure that the provisions of this Section 7(e) are
complied with, but shall have no liability to any holder of Right Certificates
or any other Person as a result of its failure to make any determination with
respect to an Acquiring Person or its Affiliates, Associates or transferees
hereunder. No Right Certificate shall be issued pursuant to Section 3 hereof
that represents Rights Beneficially Owned by an Acquiring Person whose Rights
would be void pursuant to the provisions of this Section 7(e) or any Associate
or Affiliate thereof; no Right Certificate shall be issued at any time upon the
transfer of any Rights to an Acquiring Person whose Rights would be void
pursuant to the provisions of this Section 7(e) or any Associate or Affiliate
thereof or to any nominee of such Acquiring Person, Associate or Affiliate; and
any Right Certificate delivered to the Rights Agent for transfer to an Acquiring
Person whose Rights would be void pursuant to the provisions of this Section
7(e) shall be cancelled. The Company shall give written notice to the Rights
Agent promptly after it becomes aware of the existence of any Acquiring Person.

            (f) Notwithstanding anything in this Rights Agreement to the
contrary, neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to
undertake any action with respect to a registered holder upon the occurrence of
any purported exercise as set forth in this Section 7 unless such registered
holder shall have (i) completed and signed the certificate following the form of
election to purchase set forth on the reverse side of the Right Certificate
surrendered for such exercise and (ii) provided such additional evidence of the
identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or
Associates thereof as the Company or the Rights Agent shall reasonably request.

            Section 8. Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates. All
Right Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise, transfer, split up,
combination or exchange shall, if surrendered to the Company or to any of its
agents, be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in cancelled form,
or, if surrendered to the Rights Agent, shall be cancelled by it, and no Right
Certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by
any of the provisions of this Rights Agreement. The Company shall deliver to the
Rights Agent for cancellation and retirement, and the Rights Agent shall cancel
and retire, any Right Certificate purchased or acquired by the Company otherwise
than upon the exercise thereof. The Rights Agent shall deliver all cancelled
Right Certificates to the Company, or shall, at the written request of the
Company, destroy such cancelled Right Certificates, and in such case shall
deliver a certificate of destruction thereof to the Company.

            Section 9. Reservation and Availability of Shares of Preferred
Stock. (a) The Company covenants and agrees that it will cause to be reserved
and kept available out of its authorized and unissued shares of Preferred Stock
or out of authorized and issued shares of Preferred Stock held in its treasury,
such number of shares of Preferred Stock as will from time to time be sufficient
to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding Rights.

            (b) The Company shall use its best efforts to cause, from and after
such time as the Rights become exercisable, all shares of Preferred Stock (and,
following the time that a Person becomes an Acquiring Person, shares of Common
Stock and other securities) issued or reserved for issuance in accordance with
this Rights Agreement to be listed, upon official notice of issuance, upon the
principal national securities exchange, if any, upon which the Common Stock is
listed or, if the principal market for the Common Stock is not on any national
securities

                                      -11-
<PAGE>

exchange, to be eligible for quotation on The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc.
("Nasdaq") or any successor thereto or other comparable quotation system.

            (c) The Company covenants and agrees that it will take all such
action as may be necessary to ensure that all shares of Preferred Stock (and,
following the time that a Person becomes an Acquiring Person, shares of Common
Stock and other securities) delivered upon exercise of Rights shall, at the time
of delivery of the certificates for such shares (subject to payment of the
Exercise Price in respect thereof), be duly and validly authorized and issued
and fully paid and nonassessable shares.

            (d) The Company shall use its best efforts to (i) file, as soon as
practicable following the occurrence of the event described in Section
11(a)(ii), or as soon as is required by law following the Distribution Date, as
the case may be, a registration statement under the Securities Act, with respect
to the shares of Preferred Stock (and, following the time that a Person becomes
an Acquiring Person, shares of Common Stock and other securities) purchasable
upon exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form, (ii) cause such registration
statement to become effective as soon as practicable after such filing, and
(iii) cause such registration statement to remain effective (with a prospectus
at all times meeting the requirements of the Securities Act) until the earlier
of (A) the date as of which the Rights are no longer exercisable for Preferred
Stock, and (B) the date of the expiration of the Rights. The Company may
temporarily suspend, for a period of time not to exceed ninety days, the
issuance of shares of Preferred Stock (and, following the time that a Person
becomes an Acquiring Person, shares of Common Stock and other securities) upon
exercise of a Right in order to prepare and file a registration statement under
the Securities Act and permit it to become effective. The Company will also take
such action as may be appropriate under, or to ensure compliance with, the
securities or "blue sky" laws of the various states in connection with the
exercisability of the Rights. Notwithstanding any provision of this Rights
Agreement to the contrary, the Rights shall not be exercisable in any
jurisdiction unless the requisite qualification in such jurisdiction shall have
been obtained and until a registration statement under the Securities Act (if
required) shall have been declared effective.

            (e) The Company covenants and agrees that it will pay when due and
payable any and all federal and state Transfer Taxes which may be payable in
respect of the issuance or delivery of the Right Certificates or of any shares
of Preferred Stock (and, following the time that a Person becomes an Acquiring
Person, shares of Common Stock and other securities) issued or delivered upon
the exercise of Rights. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any
Transfer Tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer or delivery of a
Right Certificate to a Person other than, or the issuance or delivery of
certificates for Preferred Stock (and, following the time that a Person becomes
an Acquiring Person, shares of Common Stock and other securities) upon exercise
of Rights in a name other than that of, the registered holder of the Right
Certificate, and the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver a Right
Certificate or certificate for Preferred Stock (and, following the time that a
Person becomes an Acquiring Person, shares of Common Stock and other securities)
to a Person other than such registered holder until any such Transfer Tax shall
have been paid (any such Transfer Tax being payable by the holder of such Right
Certificate at the time of surrender) or until it has been established to the
Company's or the Rights Agent's satisfaction that no such Transfer Tax is due.

                                      -12-
<PAGE>

            Section 10. Preferred Stock Record Date. Each Person in whose name
any certificate for shares of Preferred Stock is issued upon the exercise of
Rights shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of record of
the Preferred Stock represented thereby on, and such certificate shall be dated
as of, the date upon which the Right Certificate evidencing such Rights was duly
surrendered and payment of the Exercise Price (and any applicable Transfer
Taxes) was made; provided, however, that, if the date of such surrender and
payment is a date upon which the Preferred Stock transfer books of the Company
are closed, such Person shall be deemed to have become the record holder of such
shares on, and such certificate shall be dated as of, the next succeeding
Business Day on which the Preferred Stock transfer books of the Company are
open. Prior to the exercise of the Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a
Right Certificate, as such, shall not be entitled to any rights of a stockholder
of the Company with respect to shares for which the Rights shall be exercisable,
including, without limitation, the right to vote, to receive dividends or other
distributions or to exercise any preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to
receive any notice of any proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein.

            Section 11. Adjustment of Exercise Price or Number of Shares. The
Exercise Price and the number of shares of Preferred Stock which may be
purchased upon exercise of a Right are subject to adjustment from time to time
as provided in this Section 11.

            (a) (i) In the event the Company shall at any time after the date of
this Rights Agreement (A) declare a dividend on the Preferred Stock payable in
shares of Preferred Stock, (B) subdivide the outstanding shares of Preferred
Stock, (C) combine the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into a smaller
number of shares of Preferred Stock or (D) issue any shares of its capital stock
in a reclassification of the shares of Preferred Stock (including any such
reclassification in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the
Company is the continuing or surviving corporation), except as otherwise
provided in this Section 11(a), the Exercise Price in effect at the time of the
record date for such dividend or of the effective date of such subdivision,
combination or reclassification, as the case may be, and the number and kind of
shares of capital stock issuable on such date, shall be proportionately adjusted
so that the holder of any Right exercised after such time shall be entitled to
receive the aggregate number and kind of shares of capital stock which, if such
Right had been exercised immediately prior to such date and at a time when the
Preferred Stock transfer books of the Company were open, the holder would have
owned upon such exercise and been entitled to receive by virtue of such
dividend, subdivision, combination or reclassification; provided, however, that
in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be
less than the aggregate par value of the shares of capital stock of the Company
issuable upon exercise of one Right.

               (ii) Subject to Section 27 of this Rights Agreement and except as
      otherwise provided in Section 7(e) and this Section 11(a)(ii) and Section
      11(a)(iii), in the event that any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, each
      holder of a Right shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon
      exercise thereof at a price equal to the then-current Exercise Price, in
      accordance with the terms of this Rights Agreement and in lieu of shares
      of Preferred Stock, such number of shares of Common Stock (or at the
      option of the Company, such number of one one-thousandths of a share of
      Preferred Stock) as shall equal the result obtained by (x) multiplying the
      then-current Exercise Price by the number of one one-thousandths of a
      share of Preferred Stock for which a Right is then exercisable and

                                      -13-
<PAGE>

      dividing that product by (y) 50% of the then-current per share market
      price of the Common Stock (determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) on
      the date of the occurrence of such event; provided, however, that the
      Exercise Price (as so adjusted) and the number of shares of Common Stock
      so receivable upon exercise of a Right shall thereafter be subject to
      further adjustment as appropriate in accordance with Section 11(f) hereof.
      From and after the occurrence of an event specified in Section 13(a)
      hereof, any Rights that theretofore have not been exercised pursuant to
      this Section 11(a)(ii) shall thereafter be exercisable only in accordance
      with Section 13 and not pursuant to this Section 11(a)(ii). The Company
      shall give the Rights Agent written notice of the identity of any
      Acquiring Person, any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person
      known to the Company, and any nominee of any of the foregoing known to the
      Company, and the Rights Agent may rely on such notice in carrying out its
      duties under this Rights Agreement and shall be deemed not to have any
      knowledge of the identity of any such Acquiring Person, Associate or
      Affiliate, or the nominee of any of the foregoing unless and until it has
      received such notice.

               (iii) The Company may at its option substitute for a share of
      Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of Rights in accordance with the
      foregoing subparagraph (ii) such number or fractions of shares of
      Preferred Stock having an aggregate current market value equal to the
      current per share market price of a share of Common Stock. In the event
      that there shall be an insufficient number of Common Stock authorized but
      unissued (and unreserved) to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in
      accordance with the foregoing subparagraph (ii), the Board of Directors
      shall, with respect to such deficiency, to the extent permitted by
      applicable law and any material agreements then in effect to which the
      Company is a party (A) determine the excess of (x) the value of the shares
      of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of a Right in accordance with
      the foregoing subparagraph (ii) (the "Current Value") over (y) the
      then-current Exercise Price multiplied by the number of one
      one-thousandths of shares of Preferred Stock for which a Right was
      exercisable immediately prior to the time that the Acquiring Person became
      such (such excess, the "Spread"), and (B) with respect to each Right
      (other than Rights which have become void pursuant to Section 7(e)), make
      adequate provision to substitute for the shares of Common Stock issuable
      in accordance with subparagraph (ii) upon exercise of the Right and
      payment of the applicable Exercise Price, (1) cash, (2) a reduction in
      such Exercise Price, (3) shares of Preferred Stock or other equity
      securities of the Company (including, without limitation, shares or
      fractions of shares of preferred stock which, by virtue of having
      dividend, voting and liquidation rights substantially comparable to those
      of the shares of Common Stock, are deemed in good faith by the Board of
      Directors to have substantially the same value as the shares of Common
      Stock (such shares of preferred stock and shares or fractions of shares of
      preferred stock are hereinafter referred to as "Common Stock
      equivalents"), (4) debt securities of the Company, (5) other assets or (6)
      any combination of the foregoing, having a value which, when added to the
      value of the shares of Common Stock actually issued upon exercise of such
      Right, shall have an aggregate value equal to the Current Value (less the
      amount of any reduction in such Exercise Price), where such aggregate
      value has been determined by the Board of Directors upon the advice of a
      nationally recognized investment banking firm selected in good faith by
      the Board of Directors; provided, however, if the Company shall not make
      adequate provision to deliver value pursuant to clause (B) above within

                                      -14-
<PAGE>

      thirty (30) days following the date that the Acquiring Person became such
      (the "Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date"), then the Company shall be
      obligated to deliver, to the extent permitted by applicable law and any
      material agreements then in effect to which the Company is a party, upon
      the surrender for exercise of a Right and without requiring payment of the
      Exercise Price, shares of Common Stock (to the extent available), and
      then, if necessary, such number or fractions of shares of Preferred Stock
      (to the extent available) and then, if necessary, cash, which shares
      and/or cash have an aggregate value equal to the Spread. If within the
      thirty (30) day period referred to above the Board of Directors shall
      determine in good faith that it is likely that sufficient additional
      shares of Common Stock could be authorized for issuance upon exercise in
      full of the Rights, then, if the Board of Directors so elects, such thirty
      (30) day period may be extended to the extent necessary, but not more than
      ninety (90) days after the Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date, in order that
      the Company may seek stockholder approval for the authorization of such
      additional shares (such thirty (30) day period, as it may be extended, is
      hereinafter called the "Substitution Period"). To the extent that the
      Company determines that some action need be taken pursuant to the second
      and/or third sentence of this Section 11(a)(iii), the Company (x) shall
      provide, subject to Section 11(a)(ii) hereof and the last sentence of this
      Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, that such action shall apply uniformly to all
      outstanding Rights and (y) may suspend the exercisability of the Rights
      until the expiration of the Substitution Period in order to seek any
      authorization of additional shares and/or to decide the appropriate form
      of distribution to be made pursuant to such second sentence and to
      determine the value thereof. In the event of any such suspension, the
      Company shall issue a public announcement (with prompt written notice
      thereof to the Rights Agent) stating that the exercisability of the Rights
      has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public announcement (with
      prompt written notice thereof to the Rights Agent) at such time as the
      suspension is no longer in effect. For purposes of this Section
      11(a)(iii), the value of the shares of Common Stock shall be the current
      per share market price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i)) on the
      Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date and the per share or fractional value of
      any Common Stock equivalent shall be deemed to equal the current per share
      market price of the Common Stock. The Board of Directors of the Company
      may, but shall not be required to, establish procedures to allocate the
      right to receive shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of the Rights
      among holders of Rights pursuant to this Section 11(a)(iii).

            (b) In case the Company shall fix a record date for the issuance of
rights, options or warrants to all holders of Preferred Stock entitling them
(for a period expiring within 45 calendar days after such record date) to
subscribe for or purchase Preferred Stock (or shares having similar rights,
privileges and preferences as the Preferred Stock ("equivalent preferred
shares")) or securities convertible into Preferred Stock or equivalent preferred
shares at a price per share of Preferred Stock or equivalent preferred shares
(or having a conversion price per share, if a security convertible into shares
of Preferred Stock or equivalent preferred shares) less than the then-current
per share market price of the Preferred Stock (determined pursuant to Section
11(d) hereof) on such record date, the Exercise Price to be in effect after such
record date shall be determined by multiplying the Exercise Price in effect
immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator of which
shall be the number of shares of Preferred Stock and equivalent preferred shares
outstanding on such record date plus the number of shares of Preferred Stock and
equivalent preferred shares which the aggregate offering price of the total

                                      -15-
<PAGE>

number of such shares so to be offered (and/or the aggregate initial conversion
price of the convertible securities so to be offered) would purchase at such
current market price, and the denominator of which shall be the number of shares
of Preferred Stock and equivalent preferred shares outstanding on such record
date plus the number of additional shares of Preferred Stock and/or equivalent
preferred shares to be offered for subscription or purchase (or into which the
convertible securities so to be offered are initially convertible); provided,
however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise
of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of the shares of capital stock
of the Company issuable upon exercise of one Right. In case such subscription
price may be paid in a consideration part or all of which shall be in a form
other than cash, the value of such consideration shall be as determined in good
faith by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be
described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and which shall be binding
on the Rights Agent. Shares of Preferred Stock and equivalent preferred shares
owned by or held for the account of the Company shall not be deemed outstanding
for the purpose of any such computation. Such adjustment shall be made
successively whenever such a record date is fixed; and in the event that such
rights, options or warrants are not so issued, the Exercise Price shall be
adjusted to be the Exercise Price which would then be in effect if such record
date had not been fixed.

            (c) In case the Company shall fix a record date for the making of a
distribution to all holders of the Preferred Stock (including any such
distribution made in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the
Company is the continuing or surviving corporation) of evidences of indebtedness
or assets (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend or a dividend payable in
Preferred Stock) or subscription rights or warrants (excluding those referred to
in Section 11(b) hereof), the Exercise Price to be in effect after such record
date shall be determined by multiplying the Exercise Price in effect immediately
prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the
then-current per share market price of the Preferred Stock (determined pursuant
to Section 11(d) hereof) on such record date, less the fair market value (as
determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company whose
determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and
shall be binding on the Rights Agent) of the portion of such assets or evidences
of indebtedness so to be distributed or of such subscription rights or warrants
applicable to one share of Preferred Stock, and the denominator of which shall
be such current per share market price of the Preferred Stock; provided,
however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise
of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of the shares of capital stock
of the Company to be issued upon exercise of one Right. Such adjustments shall
be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed; and in the event that
such distribution is not so made, the Exercise Price shall again be adjusted to
be the Exercise Price which would then be in effect if such record date had not
been fixed.

            (d) (i) Except as otherwise provided herein, for the purpose of any
computation hereunder, the "current per share market price" of any security (a
"Security" for the purpose of this Section 11(d)(i)) on any date shall be deemed
to be the average of the daily closing prices per share of such Security for the
30 consecutive Trading Days (as such term is hereinafter defined) immediately
prior to such date; provided, however, that in the event that the current per
share market price of the Security is determined during a period following the
announcement by the issuer of such Security of (A) a dividend or distribution on
such Security payable in shares of such Security or securities convertible into
such shares, or (B) any

                                      -16-
<PAGE>

subdivision, combination or reclassification of such Security, and prior to the
expiration of 30 Trading Days after the ex-dividend date for such dividend or
distribution, or the record date for such subdivision, combination or
reclassification, then, and in each such case, the current per share market
price shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect the current market price per
share equivalent of such Security. The closing price for each day shall be the
last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day,
the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either case as
reported by (w) the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with
respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock
Exchange (the "NYSE") or, (x) if the Security is not listed or admitted to
trading on the NYSE, as reported in the principal consolidated transaction
reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal national
securities exchange on which the Security is listed or admitted to trading or,
if (y) the Security is not listed or admitted to trading on any national
securities exchange, the last quoted price or, if not so quoted, the average of
the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by
Nasdaq or such other system then in use, or, (z) if on any such date the
Security is not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid
and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in
the Security selected by the Board of Directors of the Company. The term
"Trading Day" shall mean a day on which the principal national securities
exchange on which the Security is listed or admitted to trading is open for the
transaction of business or, if the Security is not listed or admitted to trading
on any national securities exchange, a Business Day.

               (ii) For the purpose of any computation hereunder, if the
      Preferred Stock is publicly traded, the "current per share market price"
      of the Preferred Stock shall be determined in accordance with the method
      set forth in Section 11(d)(i). If the Preferred Stock is not publicly
      traded but the Common Stock is publicly traded, the "current per share
      market price" of the Preferred Stock shall be conclusively deemed to be
      the current per share market price of the Common Stock, as determined
      pursuant to Section 11(d)(i), multiplied by one thousand (appropriately
      adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction
      occurring after the date hereof). If neither the Common Stock nor the
      Preferred Stock is publicly traded, "current per share market price" shall
      mean the fair value per share as determined in good faith by the Board of
      Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be described in a
      statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be binding on the Rights
      Agent.

            (e) No adjustment in the Exercise Price shall be required unless
such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least 1% in the
Exercise Price; provided, however, that any adjustments not required to be made
by reason of this Section 11(e) shall be carried forward and taken into account
in any subsequent adjustment. All calculations under this Section 11 shall be
made to the nearest cent or to the nearest one ten-thousandth of a share of
Preferred Stock or share of Common Stock or other share or security as the case
may be. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 11(e), any adjustment
required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than the earlier of (i) three
years from the date of the transaction which requires such adjustment or (ii)
the Expiration Date.

            (f) If as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to Section 11(a)
hereof, the holder of any Right thereafter exercised shall become entitled to
receive any shares of capital stock of the Company other than the Preferred
Stock, thereafter the Exercise Price and the

                                      -17-
<PAGE>

number of such other shares so receivable upon exercise of a Right shall be
subject to adjustment from time to time in a manner and on terms as nearly
equivalent as practicable to the provisions with respect to the Preferred Stock
contained in Section 11(a), 11(b), 11(c), 11(e), 11(h), 11(i) and 11(m) and the
provisions of Sections 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14 hereof with respect to the Preferred
Stock shall apply on like terms to any such other shares.

            (g) All Rights originally issued by the Company subsequent to any
adjustment made to the Exercise Price hereunder shall evidence the right to
purchase, at the adjusted Exercise Price, the number of one one-thousandths of a
share of Preferred Stock purchasable from time to time hereunder upon exercise
of the Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.

            (h) Unless the Company shall have exercised its election as provided
in Section 11(i), upon each adjustment of the Exercise Price as a result of the
calculations made in Section 11(b) and (c), each Right outstanding immediately
prior to the making of such adjustment shall thereafter evidence the right to
purchase, at the adjusted Exercise Price, that number of one one-thousandths of
a share of Preferred Stock (calculated to the nearest one ten- thousandth of a
share of Preferred Stock) obtained by (i) multiplying (x) the number of one
one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock purchasable upon the exercise of a
Right immediately prior to such adjustment by (y) the Exercise Price in effect
immediately prior to such adjustment of the Exercise Price and (ii) dividing the
product so obtained by the Exercise Price in effect immediately after such
adjustment of the Exercise Price.

            (i) The Company may elect on or after the date of any adjustment of
the Exercise Price pursuant to Sections 11(b) or 11(c) hereof to adjust the
number of Rights, in substitution for any adjustment in the number of one
one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock purchasable upon the exercise of a
Right. Each of the Rights outstanding after such adjustment of the number of
Rights shall be exercisable for the number of one one-thousandths of a share of
Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to such
adjustment. Each Right held of record prior to such adjustment of the number of
Rights shall become that number of Rights (calculated to the nearest one
ten-thousandth) obtained by dividing the Exercise Price in effect immediately
prior to adjustment of the Exercise Price by the Exercise Price in effect
immediately after adjustment of the Exercise Price. The Company shall make a
public announcement (with prompt written notice thereof to the Rights Agent) of
its election to adjust the number of Rights, indicating the record date for the
adjustment, and, if known at the time, the amount of the adjustment to be made.
This record date may be the date on which the Exercise Price is adjusted or any
day thereafter, but, if the Right Certificates have been issued, shall be at
least 10 days later than the date of the public announcement. If Right
Certificates have been issued, upon each adjustment of the number of Rights
pursuant to this Section 11(i), the Company may, as promptly as practicable,
cause to be distributed to holders of record of Right Certificates on such
record date Right Certificates evidencing, subject to Section 14 hereof, the
additional Rights to which such holders shall be entitled as a result of such
adjustment, or, at the option of the Company, shall cause to be distributed to
such holders of record in substitution and replacement for the Right
Certificates held by such holders prior to the date of adjustment, and upon
surrender thereof, if required by the Company, new Right Certificates evidencing
all the Rights to which such holders shall be entitled as a result of such
adjustment. Right Certificates so to be distributed shall be issued, executed
and countersigned in

                                      -18-
<PAGE>

the manner provided for herein and shall be registered in the names of the
holders of record of Right Certificates on the record date specified in the
public announcement.

            (j) Irrespective of any adjustment or change in the Exercise Price
or the number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock issuable upon
the exercise of the Rights, the Right Certificates theretofore and thereafter
issued may continue to express the Exercise Price and the number of one
one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock which were expressed in the
initial Right Certificates issued hereunder.

            (k) Before taking any action that would cause an adjustment reducing
the Exercise Price below the then par value, if any, of the shares of Preferred
Stock or other shares of capital stock issuable upon exercise of the Rights, the
Company shall take any corporate action which may, in the opinion of its
counsel, be necessary in order that the Company may validly and legally issue
fully paid and non-assessable shares of such Preferred Stock or other such
shares at such adjusted Exercise Price.

            (l) In any case in which this Section 11 shall require that an
adjustment in the Exercise Price be made effective as of a record date for a
specified event, the Company may elect to defer (with prompt written notice
thereof to the Rights Agent) until the occurrence of such event the issuing to
the holder of any Right exercised after such record date the Preferred Stock,
Common Stock or other capital stock or securities of the Company, if any,
issuable upon such exercise over and above the Preferred Stock, Common Stock or
other capital stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such
exercise on the basis of the Exercise Price in effect prior to such adjustment;
provided, however, that the Company shall deliver to such holder a due bill or
other appropriate instrument evidencing such holder's right to receive such
additional shares upon the occurrence of the event requiring such adjustment.

            (m) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 11 to the contrary, the
Company shall be entitled to make such adjustments in the Exercise Price, in
addition to those adjustments expressly required by this Section 11, as and to
the extent that it in its sole discretion shall determine to be advisable in
order that any consolidation or subdivision of the Preferred Stock, issuance
(wholly for cash) of any shares of Preferred Stock at less than the current
market price, issuance (wholly for cash) of Preferred Stock or securities which
by their terms are convertible into or exchangeable for Preferred Stock,
dividends on Preferred Stock payable in shares of Preferred Stock or issuance of
rights, options or warrants referred to hereinabove in Section 11(b), hereafter
made by the Company to holders of its Preferred Stock shall not be taxable to
such stockholders.

            (n) Notwithstanding anything in this Rights Agreement to the
contrary, in the event that at any time after the date of this Rights Agreement
and prior to the Distribution Date, the Company shall (i) declare or pay any
dividend on the Common Stock payable in Common Stock or (ii) effect a
subdivision, combination or consolidation of the Common Stock (by
reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend payable in Common
Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in any
such case, the number of Rights associated with each share of Common Stock then
outstanding, or issued or delivered thereafter, shall be proportionately
adjusted so that the number of Rights thereafter associated with each share of
Common Stock following any such event shall equal the result obtained by

                                      -19-
<PAGE>

multiplying the number of Rights associated with each share of Common Stock
immediately prior to such event by a fraction the numerator of which shall be
the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the
occurrence of the event and the denominator of which shall be the total number
of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately following the occurrence of
such event.

            (o) The Company agrees that, after the Distribution Date, it will
not, except as permitted by Sections 23, 26 or 27 hereof, take (or permit any
Subsidiary to take) any action if at the time such action is taken it is
reasonably foreseeable that such action will diminish substantially or eliminate
the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights.

            Section 12. Certification of Adjusted Exercise Price or Number of
Shares. Whenever an adjustment or any event affecting the Rights or their
exercisability (including without limitation an event which causes the Rights to
become null and void) is made as provided in Section 11, 13 or 23(c), the
Company shall (a) promptly prepare a certificate setting forth such adjustment
or describing such event, and a brief statement of the facts giving rise to such
adjustment or describing such event, (b) promptly file with the Rights Agent and
with each transfer agent for the Preferred Stock a copy of such certificate and
(c) mail a brief summary thereof to each holder of a Right Certificate in
accordance with Section 25. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, the failure
of the Company to make such certification or give such notice shall not affect
the validity of or the force or effect of the requirement for such adjustment.
Any adjustment to be made pursuant to Section 11, 13 or 23(c) of this Rights
Agreement shall be effective as of the date of the event giving rise to such
adjustment. The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying on any such
certificate and on any adjustment or statement therein contained and shall have
no duty or liability with respect to and shall not be obligated or responsible
for calculating any adjustment nor shall it be deemed to have knowledge of such
adjustment unless and until it shall have received such certificate.

            Section 13. Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or
Earning Power. (a) In the event that, at any time after the time that any Person
becomes an Acquiring Person, (x) the Company shall, directly or indirectly,
consolidate with, or merge with and into, any other Person or Persons and the
Company shall not be the surviving or continuing corporation of such
consolidation or merger, or (y) any Person or Persons shall, directly or
indirectly, consolidate with, or merge with and into, the Company, and the
Company shall be the continuing or surviving corporation of such consolidation
or merger and, in connection with such consolidation or merger, all or part of
the outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be changed into or exchanged for
stock or other securities of any other Person or of the Company or cash or any
other property, or (z) the Company or one or more of its Subsidiaries shall,
directly or indirectly, sell or otherwise transfer to any other Person or any
Affiliate or Associate of such Person, in one or more transactions, or the
Company or one or more of its Subsidiaries shall sell or otherwise transfer to
any Persons in one or a series of related transactions, assets or earning power
aggregating more than 50% of the assets or earning power of the Company and its
Subsidiaries (taken as a whole), then, on the first occurrence of any such
event, proper provision shall be made so that:

                  (A) each holder of record of a Right (other than Rights which
            have become void pursuant to Section 7(e)) shall thereafter have the
            right to receive,

                                      -20-
<PAGE>

            upon the exercise thereof at a price equal to the then-current
            Exercise Price multiplied by the number of one one-thousandths of a
            share of Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable (whether
            or not such Right was then exercisable) immediately prior to the
            time that any Person first became an Acquiring Person (each as
            subsequently adjusted thereafter pursuant to Section 11(a)(i),
            11(b), 11(c), 11(f), 11(h), 11(i) and 11(m)), in accordance with the
            terms of this Rights Agreement and in lieu of Preferred Stock, such
            number of validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and freely
            tradeable shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party (as defined
            below) not subject to any liens, encumbrances, rights of first
            refusal or other adverse claims, as shall be equal to the result
            obtained by (1) multiplying the then-current Exercise Price by the
            number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock for
            which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to the time that any
            Person first became an Acquiring Person (as subsequently adjusted
            thereafter pursuant to Section 11(a)(i), 11(b), 11(c), 11(f), 11(h),
            11(i) and 11(m)) and (2) dividing that product by 50% of the
            then-current per share market price of the Common Stock of such
            Principal Party (determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) hereof) on
            the date of consummation of such consolidation, merger, sale or
            transfer; provided that the Exercise Price and the number of shares
            of Common Stock of such Principal Party issuable upon exercise of
            each Right shall be further adjusted as provided in Section 11(f) of
            this Rights Agreement to reflect any events occurring in respect of
            such Principal Party after the date of such consolidation, merger,
            sale or transfer;

                  (B) such Principal Party shall thereafter be liable for, and
            shall assume, by virtue of such consolidation, merger, sale or
            transfer, all the obligations and duties of the Company pursuant to
            this Rights Agreement;

                  (C) the term "Company" as used herein shall thereafter be
            deemed to refer to such Principal Party; and

                  (D) such Principal Party shall take such steps (including, but
            not limited to, the reservation of a sufficient number of shares of
            its Common Stock in accordance with the provisions of Section 9
            hereof applicable to the reservation of Preferred Stock) in
            connection with such consummation as may be necessary to assure that
            the provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as
            reasonably may be, in relation to its shares of Common Stock
            thereafter deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights; provided,
            however, that, upon the subsequent occurrence of any merger,
            consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of the assets,
            recapitalization, reclassification of shares, reorganization or
            other extraordinary transaction in respect of such Principal Party,
            each holder of a Right shall thereupon be entitled to receive, upon
            exercise of a Right and payment of the Exercise Price as provided in
            this Section 13(a), such cash, shares, rights, warrants and other
            property which such holder would have been entitled to receive had
            it, at the time of such transaction, owned the shares of Common
            Stock of the Principal Party purchasable upon the exercise of a
            Right pursuant to this Section 13(a), and such Principal Party shall
            take such steps (including, but not limited to, reservation of
            shares of stock) as may be necessary to permit the

                                      -21-
<PAGE>

            subsequent exercise of the Rights in accordance with the terms
            hereof for such cash, shares, rights, warrants and other property.

            (b) "Principal Party" shall mean:

               (i) in the case of any transaction described in clauses (i) or
      (ii) of the first sentence of Section 13(a) hereof: (A) the Person that is
      the issuer of the securities into which shares of Common Stock of the
      Company are changed or otherwise exchanged or converted in such merger or
      consolidation, or, if there is more than one such issuer, the issuer of
      the Common Stock of which has the greatest market value, or (B) if no
      securities are so issued, (x) the Person that is the other party to the
      merger or consolidation and that survives such merger or consolidation,
      or, if there is more than one such Person, the Person the Common Stock of
      which has the greatest market value or (y) if the Person that is the other
      party to the merger or consolidation does not survive the merger or
      consolidation, the Person that does survive the merger or consolidation
      (including the Company if it survives) or (z) the Person resulting from
      the consolidation; and

               (ii) in the case of any transaction described in clause (iii) of
      the first sentence in Section 13(a) hereof, the Person that is the party
      receiving the greatest portion of the assets or earning power transferred
      pursuant to such transaction or transactions, or, if each Person that is a
      party to such transaction or transactions receives the same portion of the
      assets or earning power so transferred or if the Person receiving the
      greatest portion of the assets or earning power cannot be determined,
      whichever of such Persons is the issuer of Common Stock having the
      greatest market value of shares outstanding;

provided, however, that in any such case described in the foregoing clause
(b)(i) or (b)(ii), if the Common Stock of such Person is not at such time or has
not been continuously over the preceding 12-month period registered under
Section 12 of the Exchange Act, then (1) if such Person is a direct or indirect
Subsidiary of another Person the Common Stock of which is and has been so
registered, the term "Principal Party" shall refer to such other Person, or (2)
if such Person is a Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, of more than one Person,
and the Common Stock of all of such persons have been so registered, the term
"Principal Party" shall refer to whichever of such Persons is the issuer of
Common Stock having the greatest market value of shares outstanding, or (3) if
such Person is owned, directly or indirectly, by a joint venture formed by two
or more Persons that are not owned, directly or indirectly, by the same Person,
the rules set forth in clauses (1) and (2) above shall apply to each of the
owners having an interest in the venture as if the Person owned by the joint
venture was a Subsidiary of both or all of such joint venturers, and the
Principal Party in each such case shall bear the obligations set forth in this
Section 13 in the same ratio as its interest in such Person bears to the total
of such interests.

            (c) The Company shall not consummate any consolidation, merger, sale
or transfer referred to in Section 13(a) hereof unless prior thereto the Company
and the Principal Party involved therein shall have executed and delivered to
the Rights Agent an agreement confirming that the requirements of Sections 13(a)
and (b) hereof shall promptly be performed in accordance with their terms and
that such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer of assets shall not result in
a default by the Principal Party under this Rights Agreement as the same shall
have

                                      -22-
<PAGE>

been assumed by the Principal Party pursuant to Sections 13(a) and (b) hereof,
and the Company shall have furnished to the Rights Agent a certificate setting
forth the number of shares of Common Stock of such issuer which may be purchased
upon the exercise of each Right after the consummation of such consolidation,
merger, sale or transfer, and further providing that, as soon as practicable
after executing such agreement pursuant to this Section 13, the Principal Party
will:

               (i) prepare and file a registration statement under the
      Securities Act, if necessary, with respect to the Rights and the
      securities purchasable upon exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form,
      use its best efforts to cause such registration statement to become
      effective as soon as practicable after such filing and use its best
      efforts to cause such registration statement to remain effective (with a
      prospectus at all times meeting the requirements of the Securities Act)
      until the Expiration Date, and similarly comply with applicable state
      securities laws;

               (ii) use its best efforts, if the Common Stock of the Principal
      Party shall be listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE or on another
      national securities exchange, to list or admit to trading (or continue the
      listing of) the Rights and the securities purchasable upon exercise of the
      Rights on the NYSE or such securities exchange, or, if the Common Stock of
      the Principal Party shall not be listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE
      or a national securities exchange, to cause the Rights and the securities
      receivable upon exercise of the Rights to be reported by such other system
      then in use;

               (iii) deliver to holders of the Rights historical financial
      statements for the Principal Party which comply in all respects with the
      requirements for registration on Form 10 (or any successor form) under the
      Exchange Act; and

               (iv) obtain waivers of any rights of first refusal or preemptive
      rights in respect of the Common Stock of the Principal Party subject to
      purchase upon exercise of outstanding Rights.

            (d) In case the Principal Party has a provision in any of its
authorized securities or in its certificate of incorporation or by-laws or other
instrument governing its affairs, which provision would have the effect of (i)
causing such Principal Party to issue (other than to holders of Rights pursuant
to this Section 13), in connection with, or as a consequence of, the
consummation of a transaction referred to in this Section 13, shares of Common
Stock or Common Stock equivalents of such Principal Party at less than the
then-current market price per share thereof (determined pursuant to Section
11(d) hereof) or securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock
or Common Stock equivalents of such Principal Party at less than such
then-current market price, or (ii) providing for any special payment, tax or
similar provision in connection with the issuance of the Common Stock of such
Principal Party pursuant to the provisions of Section 13, then, in such event,
the Company hereby agrees with each holder of Rights that it shall not
consummate any such transaction unless prior thereto the Company and such
Principal Party shall have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent a
supplemental agreement providing that the provision in question of such
Principal Party shall have been canceled, waived or amended, or that the
authorized securities shall be redeemed, so that the

                                      -23-
<PAGE>

applicable provision will have no effect in connection with, or as a consequence
of, the consummation of the proposed transaction.

            (e) The Company covenants and agrees that it shall not, at any time
after a Person first becomes an Acquiring Person enter into any transaction of
the type contemplated by Sections 13(a)(i)-(iii) hereof if (x) at the time of or
immediately after such consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or other
transaction there are any rights, warrants or other instruments or securities
outstanding or agreements in effect which would substantially diminish or
otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights, (y)
prior to, simultaneously with or immediately after such consolidation, merger,
sale, transfer or other transaction, the stockholders of the Person who
constitutes, or would constitute, the Principal Party for purposes of Section
13(b) hereof shall have received a distribution of Rights previously owned by
such Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates or (z) the form or nature of
organization of the Principal Party would preclude or limit the exercisability
of the Rights.

            Section 14. Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares. (a) The Company
shall not be required to issue fractions of Rights or to distribute Right
Certificates which evidence fractional Rights (i.e., Rights to acquire less than
one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock), unless such fractional Rights
result from a transaction referred to in Section 11(a)(i) hereof. If the Company
shall determine not to issue such fractional Rights, then, in lieu of such
fractional Rights, there shall be paid to the holders of record of the Right
Certificates with regard to which such fractional Rights would otherwise be
issuable, an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market
value of a whole Right. For the purposes of this Section 14(a), the current
market value of a whole Right shall be the closing price of the Rights for the
Trading Day immediately prior to the date on which such fractional Rights would
have been otherwise issuable. The closing price for any day shall be the last
sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the
average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either case as
reported by (w) the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with
respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE or, (x) if the
Rights are not listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE, as reported in the
principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities
listed on the principal national securities exchange on which the Rights are
listed or admitted to trading or, (y) if the Rights are not listed or admitted
to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price or, if not
so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the
over-the-counter market, as reported by Nasdaq or such other system then in use
or, (z) if on any such date the Rights are not quoted by any such organization,
the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional
market maker making a market in the Rights selected by the Board of Directors of
the Company. If on any such date no such market maker is making a market in the
Rights, the fair value of the Rights on such date as determined in good faith by
the Board of Directors of the Company shall be used.

            (b) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares
of Preferred Stock (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one
one-thousandth of a share) upon exercise of the Rights or to distribute
certificates which evidence fractional shares (other than fractions which are
integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a share). In lieu of issuing
fractions of shares of Preferred Stock, the Company may, at its election, issue
depositary receipts evidencing fractions of shares pursuant to an appropriate
agreement between the

                                      -24-
<PAGE>

Company and a depositary selected by it; provided that such agreement shall
provide that the holders of such depositary receipts shall have all of the
rights, privileges and preferences to which they would be entitled as owners of
the Preferred Stock. With respect to fractional shares that are not integral
multiples of one one-thousandth of a share, if the Company does not issue such
fractional shares or depositary receipts in lieu thereof, there shall be paid to
the holders of record of Right Certificates at the time such Right Certificates
are exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of
the current market value of a share of Preferred Stock. For the purposes of this
Section 14(b), the current market value of a share of Preferred Stock shall be
the closing price of a share of Preferred Stock (as determined pursuant to
Section 11(d)(ii) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of
such exercise.

            (c) The holder of a Right by the acceptance of a Right expressly
waives his right to receive any fractional Right or any fractional shares of
Preferred Stock (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one
one-thousandth of a share) upon exercise of a Right.

            (d) Whenever a payment for a fractional Right or fractional share of
Preferred Stock is to be made by the Rights Agent, the Company shall (i)
promptly prepare and deliver to the Rights Agent a certificate setting forth in
reasonable detail the facts related to such payment and the prices and/or
formulas utilized in calculating such payments, and (ii) provide sufficient
monies to the Rights Agent in the form of fully collected funds to make such
payments. The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying upon such a
certificate and shall have no duty with respect to, and shall not be deemed to
have knowledge of any payment for fractional Rights or fractional shares of
Preferred Stock under any section of this Rights Agreement relating to the
payment of fractional Rights or fractional shares of Preferred Stock unless and
until the Rights Agent shall have received such a certificate and sufficient
monies.

            Section 15. Rights of Action. All rights of action in respect of
this Rights Agreement, except the rights of action given to the Rights Agent in
Section 18 hereof, are vested in the respective registered holders of the Right
Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the holders of record of the
Common Stock); and any holder of record of any Right Certificate (or, prior to
the Distribution Date, of the Common Stock), without the consent of the Rights
Agent or of the holder of any other Right Certificate (or, prior to the
Distribution Date, of the Common Stock), may, in his own behalf and for his own
benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding
against the Company to enforce, or otherwise act in respect of, his right to
exercise the Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate in the manner provided
in such Right Certificate and in this Rights Agreement. Without limiting the
foregoing or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is specifically
acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have an adequate remedy at law
for any breach by the Company of this Rights Agreement and will be entitled to
specific performance of the obligations under, and injunctive relief against
actual or threatened violations by the Company of, the obligations of any Person
subject to this Rights Agreement.

                                      -25-
<PAGE>

            Section 16. Agreement of Right Holders. Each holder of a Right, by
accepting the same, consents and agrees with the Company and the Rights Agent
and with every other holder of a Right that:

            (a) prior to the Distribution Date, the Rights shall be evidenced by
the certificates for Common Stock registered in the name of the holders of
Common Stock (together, as applicable, with the Summary of Rights), which
certificates for Common Stock shall also constitute certificates for Rights, and
not by separate Right Certificates, and each Right shall be transferable only
simultaneously and together with the transfer of shares of Common Stock;

            (b) after the Distribution Date, the Right Certificates are
transferable only on the registry books of the Rights Agent if surrendered at
the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, duly endorsed or
accompanied by a proper instrument of transfer;

            (c) the Company and the Rights Agent may deem and treat the person
in whose name the Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the
associated Common Stock certificate) is registered as the absolute owner thereof
and of the Rights evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership
or writing on the Right Certificates or the associated Common Stock certificate
made by anyone other than the Company or the Rights Agent) for all purposes
whatsoever, and neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall be affected by
any notice to the contrary;

            (d) Notwithstanding anything in this Rights Agreement to the
contrary, neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to
any holder of a Right or a beneficial interest in a Right or other Person as a
result of its inability to perform any of its obligations under this Rights
Agreement by reason of any preliminary or permanent injunction or other order,
decree or ruling (whether interlocutory or final) issued by a court of competent
jurisdiction or by a governmental, regulatory or administrative agency or
commission, or any statute, rule, regulation or executive order promulgated or
enacted by any governmental authority, prohibiting or otherwise restraining
performance of such obligation; provided, however, the Company must use its best
efforts to have any such order, decree or ruling lifted or otherwise overturned
as soon as possible;

            (e) Rights Beneficially Owned by certain persons will under certain
circumstances set forth in this Rights Agreement become null and void pursuant
to Section 7(e) hereof; and

            (f) This Rights Agreement may be supplemented or amended from time
to time pursuant to Section 26 hereof.

            Section 17. Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder. No
holder, as such, of any Right Certificate shall be entitled to vote, receive
dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of Preferred Stock or any
other securities which may at any time be issuable on the exercise of the Rights
represented thereby, nor shall anything contained herein or in any Right
Certificate be construed to confer upon the holder of any Right Certificate, as
such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for
the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any
meeting thereof (except as provided in

                                      -26-
<PAGE>

Section 7(f) hereof), or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action
(except as provided in Section 7(f) hereof), or to receive notice of meetings or
other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in Section 24 hereof),
or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Right or
Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate shall have been exercised in
accordance with the provisions hereof.

            Section 18. Concerning the Rights Agent. (a) The Company agrees to
pay to the Rights Agent reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it
hereunder and, from time to time, on demand of the Rights Agent, its reasonable
expenses and counsel fees and other disbursements incurred in the preparation,
delivery, amendment, administration and execution of this Rights Agreement and
the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder. The Company also agrees to
indemnify the Rights Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss,
liability, damage, judgment, fine, penalty, claim, demand, settlement, cost or
expense (including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and expenses of
counsel), incurred without gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on
the part of the Rights Agent, (which gross negligence, bad faith, or willful
misconduct must be determined by a final, non-appealable, judgment of a court of
competent jurisdiction), for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be done by
the Rights Agent in connection with the acceptance, administration, exercise,
and performance of its duties under this Rights Agreement, including, without
limitation, the cost and expenses of defending against any claim of liability
and appealing any claim of liability arising therefrom, directly or indirectly.
Subject to the foregoing limitations, the costs and expenses of enforcing this
right of indemnification shall also be paid by the Company. The provisions of
this Section 18 and Section 20 shall survive the termination of this Rights
Agreement, the exercise or expiration of the Rights and the resignation,
replacement or removal of the Rights Agent.

            (b) The Rights Agent shall be protected against, and shall incur no
liability for or in respect of, any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in
connection with its acceptance and administration of this Rights Agreement and
in the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder, in reliance upon any
Right Certificate or certificate representing Preferred Stock or for other
securities of the Company, instrument of assignment or transfer, power of
attorney, endorsement, affidavit, letter, notice, direction, consent,
certificate, statement or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine
and to be signed, executed and, when necessary, verified, guaranteed, or
acknowledged, by the proper Person or Persons, or otherwise upon the advice of
counsel as set forth in Section 20 below, in the absence of gross negligence,
bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent (which gross
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct must be determined by a final,
non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction). The Rights Agent
shall not be deemed to have any knowledge of any event of which it was supposed
to receive notice thereof hereunder, and the Rights Agent shall be fully
protected and shall incur no liability for failing to take action in connection
therewith unless and until it has received such notice in writing.

            Notwithstanding anything in this Rights Agreement to the contrary,
in no event shall the Rights Agent be liable for special, indirect, punitive,
incidental or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but
not limited to lost profits), even if the Rights Agent has been advised of the
likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of the action. Any
liability of the Rights Agent under this Rights Agreement will be limited to the
amount of annual fees paid by the Company to the Rights Agent.

                                      -27-
<PAGE>

            Section 19. Merger or Consolidation of, or Change in Name of, the
Rights Agent. (a) Any corporation into which the Rights Agent or any successor
Rights Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated, or any Person
resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Rights Agent or any
successor Rights Agent shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to the
corporate trust or stock transfer business of the Rights Agent or any successor
Rights Agent, shall be the successor to the Rights Agent under this Rights
Agreement without the execution or filing of any paper or document or any
further act on the part of any of the parties hereto; provided that such Person
would be eligible for appointment as a successor Rights Agent under the
provisions of Section 21 hereof. In case at the time such successor Rights Agent
shall succeed to the agency created by this Rights Agreement any of the Rights
Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, any such successor
Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of the predecessor Rights Agent and
deliver such Right Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that time any
of the Right Certificates shall not have been countersigned, any successor
Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either in the name of the
predecessor Rights Agent or in the name of the successor Rights Agent; and in
all such cases such Right Certificates shall have the full force provided in the
Right Certificates and in this Rights Agreement.

            (b) In case at any time the name of the Rights Agent shall be
changed and at such time any of the Right Certificates shall have been
countersigned but not delivered, the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature
under its prior name and deliver Right Certificates so countersigned; in case at
that time any of the Right Certificates shall not have been countersigned, the
Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either in its prior name or
in its changed name; in all such cases such Right Certificates shall have the
full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this Rights Agreement.

            Section 20. Duties of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent undertakes the
duties and obligations expressly imposed by this Rights Agreement (and no
implied duties) upon the following terms and conditions, by all of which the
Company and the holders of Right Certificates by their acceptance thereof shall
be bound:

            (a) The Rights Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be
legal counsel for the Company or an employee of the Rights Agent), and the
opinion or advice of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
protection to the Rights Agent and the Rights Agent shall incur no liability for
or in respect of any action taken, suffered, or omitted by it in accordance with
such opinion.

            (b) Whenever in the performance of its duties under this Rights
Agreement the Rights Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or
matter be proved or established by the Company prior to taking, suffering or
omitting to take any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other
evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may be deemed to
be conclusively proved and established by a certificate signed by the Chairman
of the Board, the President or any Vice President and by the Treasurer or the
Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Rights Agent. Any such certificate
shall be full authorization and protection to the Rights Agent and the Rights
Agent shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered
or omitted by it under the provisions of this Rights Agreement in reliance upon
such certificate.

                                      -28-
<PAGE>

            (c) The Rights Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own
gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct (each as determined by a
final, non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction).

            (d) The Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any of
the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Rights Agreement or in the
Right Certificates (except its countersignature thereof) or be required to
verify the same, but all such statements and recitals are and shall be deemed to
have been made by the Company only. The Rights Agent makes no representations as
to the validity or sufficiency of this Rights Agreement or of the Rights
Certificates

            (e) The Rights Agent shall not have any liability for or be under
any responsibility in respect of the validity of this Rights Agreement or the
execution and delivery hereof (except the due execution hereof by the Rights
Agent) or in respect of the validity or execution of any Right Certificate
(except its countersignature thereof); nor shall it be responsible for any
breach by the Company of any covenant or condition contained in this Rights
Agreement or in any Right Certificate; nor shall it be responsible for any
adjustment required under the provisions of Section 11 or 13 hereof or
responsible for the manner, method or amount of any such adjustment or the
ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment
(except with respect to the exercise of Rights evidenced by Right Certificates
after receipt of a certificate describing any such adjustment upon which the
Rights Agent may rely); nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any
representation or warranty as to the authorization or reservation of any shares
of Preferred Stock to be issued pursuant to this Rights Agreement or any Right
Certificate or as to whether any shares of Preferred Stock will, when issued, be
validly authorized and issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

            (f) The Company agrees that it will perform, execute, acknowledge
and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and delivered all
such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be
required by the Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by the Rights
Agent of the provisions of the Rights Agreement.

            (g) The Rights Agent is hereby authorized and directed to accept
instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder from the
Chairman of the Board, the President or any Vice President or the Secretary or
the Treasurer of the Company, and to apply to such officers for advice or
instructions in connection with its duties, and it shall not be liable for any
action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith in accordance with
instructions of any such officer. The Rights Agent shall be fully authorized and
protected in relying upon the most recent instructions received by any such
officer. Any application by the Rights Agent for written instructions from the
Company may, at the option of the Rights Agent, set forth in writing any action
proposed to be taken, suffered or omitted by the Rights Agent with respect to
its duties or obligations under this Rights Agreement and the date on and/or
after which such action shall be taken, suffered or omitted and the Rights Agent
shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted in accordance with
a proposal included in any such application on or after the date specified
therein (which date shall not be less than three Business Days after the date
indicated in such application unless any such officer shall have consented in
writing to an earlier date) unless, prior to taking, suffering or omitting any
such action, the Rights Agent has received written instructions in response to
such application specifying the action to be taken, suffered or omitted.

                                      -29-
<PAGE>

            (h) The Rights Agent and any member, affiliate, shareholder,
director, officer or employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any
of the Rights or other securities of the Company or become pecuniarily
interested in any transaction in which the Company may be interested, or
contract with or lend money to the Company or otherwise act as fully and freely
as though it were not the Rights Agent under this Rights Agreement. Nothing
herein shall preclude the Rights Agent or any of its members, affiliates,
stockholders, directors, officers or employees from acting in any other capacity
for the Company or for any other Person.

            (i) The Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights or
powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself (or
through its directors, officers and employees) or by or through its attorneys or
agents, and the Rights Agent shall not be answerable or accountable for any act,
omission, default, neglect or misconduct of any such attorneys or agents or for
any loss to the Company or any other Person resulting from any such act,
omission, default, neglect or misconduct absent gross negligence, bad faith or
willful misconduct (each as determined by a final, non-appealable judgment of a
court of competent jurisdiction) in the selection and continued employment
thereof.

            (j) No provision of this Rights Agreement shall require the Rights
Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability
in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of its
rights if it reasonably believes that repayment of such funds or adequate
indemnification against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

            Section 21. Change of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent or any
successor Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this
Rights Agreement upon 30 days' notice in writing mailed to the Company and to
each transfer agent of the Common Stock and the Preferred Stock by registered or
certified mail. The Company may remove the Rights Agent or any successor Rights
Agent (with or without cause) upon 30 days' notice in writing, mailed to the
Rights Agent or successor Rights Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer
agent of the Common Stock and the Preferred Stock by registered or certified
mail. If the Rights Agent shall resign or be removed or shall otherwise become
incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a successor to the Rights Agent.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 21, in no event shall
the resignation or removal of a Rights Agent be effective until a successor
Rights Agent shall have been appointed and have accepted such appointment. If
the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of 30 days after
such removal or after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or
incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated Rights Agent or by the holder of a
Right Certificate (who shall, with such notice, submit his Right Certificate for
inspection by the Company), then the incumbent Rights Agent or the holder of
record of any Right Certificate may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction
for the appointment of a new Rights Agent. Any successor Rights Agent, whether
appointed by the Company or by such a court, shall be (a) a Person organized and
doing business under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof, in
good standing, which is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust
or stock transfer powers and is subject to supervision or examination in the
conduct of its corporate trust or stock transfer business by federal or state
authorities and which has at the time of its appointment as Rights Agent a
combined capital and surplus of at least $5,000,000 or (b) an Affiliate
controlled by a Person described in clause (a) of this sentence. After
appointment, the successor Rights Agent shall be vested with the same

                                      -30-
<PAGE>

powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if it had been originally named
as Rights Agent without further act or deed, but the predecessor Rights Agent
shall deliver and transfer to the successor Rights Agent any property at the
time held by it hereunder, and execute and deliver any further assurance,
conveyance, act or deed necessary for the purpose. Not later than the effective
date of any such appointment, the Company shall file notice thereof in writing
with the predecessor Rights Agent and each transfer agent of the Common Stock
and Preferred Stock, and mail a notice thereof in writing to the registered
holders of the Right Certificates. Failure to give any notice provided for in
this Section 21, however, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality
or validity of the resignation or removal of the Rights Agent or the appointment
of the successor Rights Agent, as the case may be. Notwithstanding the foregoing
provisions, in the event of resignation, removal or incapacity of the Rights
Agent, the Company shall have the authority to act as the Rights Agent until a
successor Rights Agent shall have assumed the duties of the Rights Agent
hereunder.

            Section 22. Issuance of New Right Certificates. Notwithstanding any
of the provisions of this Rights Agreement or of the Rights to the contrary, the
Company may, at its option, issue new Right Certificates evidencing Rights in
such form as may be approved by its Board of Directors to reflect any adjustment
or change in the Exercise Price per share and the number or kind or class of
shares of stock or other securities or property purchasable under the Right
Certificates made in accordance with the provisions of this Rights Agreement.

            Section 23. Redemption and Early Expiration. (a) The Company may, at
its option, but only by the vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, redeem
all but not less than all of the then outstanding Rights, at any time prior to
the Close of Business on the earlier of (i) the time any Person becomes an
Acquiring Person or (ii) the Final Expiration Date, at a redemption price of
$0.01 per Right, subject to adjustments as provided in subsection (c) below (the
"Redemption Price"). The redemption of the Rights by the Board of Directors of
the Company may be made effective at such time after the Board's action to
redeem the Rights on such basis and subject to such conditions, as the Board of
Directors of the Company in its sole and absolute discretion may establish.

            (b) Without any further action and without any notice, the right to
exercise the Rights will terminate effective at the time so designated by action
of the Board of Directors ordering the redemption of the Rights and the only
right thereafter of the holders of Rights shall be to receive the Redemption
Price. Within 10 days after the effective time of the action of the Board of
Directors ordering the redemption of the Rights, the Company shall give notice
of such redemption to the holders of the then outstanding Rights by mailing such
notice to all such holders at their last addresses as they appear upon the
registry books of the Rights Agent (with a copy thereof to the Rights Agent) or,
prior to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of the transfer agent for
the Common Stock. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall
be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice. Each notice of
redemption will state the method by which the payment of the Redemption Price
will be made. At the option of the Board of Directors, the Redemption Price may
be paid in cash to each Rights holder or by the issuance of shares (and, at the
Company's election pursuant to Section 14(b) hereof, cash or depositary receipts
in lieu of fractions of shares other than fractions which are integral multiples
of one one-thousandth (1/1000) of a share) of Preferred Stock or Common Stock
(based on the current market price of the Common Stock at the time of redemption
as determined pursuant to

                                      -31-
<PAGE>

Section 11(d)(i) hereof) or in any other form of consideration deemed
appropriate by the Board of Directors.

            (c) In the event the Company shall at any time after the date of
this Rights Agreement (A) pay any dividend on Common Stock in shares of Common
Stock, (B) subdivide or split the outstanding shares of Common Stock into a
greater number of shares or (C) combine or consolidate the outstanding shares of
Common Stock into a smaller number of shares or effect a reverse split of the
outstanding shares of Common Stock, then, and in each such event, the Redemption
Price shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect the foregoing.

            (d) At least once every three years a committee of directors who are
independent of the management of the Company and free from any relationship
that, in the opinion of the Board would interfere with their exercise of
independent judgment, shall review and evaluate this Rights Agreement in order
to consider whether the maintenance of this Rights Agreement continues to be in
the interests of the Company and its stockholders. Following each such review,
the committee will communicate its conclusions to the full Board, including any
recommendation in light thereof as to whether this Rights Agreement should be
modified or the Rights should be redeemed.

            Section 24. Notice of Proposed Actions. (a) In case the Company,
after the Distribution Date, shall propose (i) to effect any of the transactions
referred to in Section 11(a)(i) or (ii) to offer to the holders of record of its
Common Stock options, warrants, or other rights to subscribe for or to purchase
shares of Common Stock (including any security convertible into or exchangeable
for Common Stock) or shares of stock of any class or any other securities,
options, warrants, convertible or exchangeable securities or other rights, or
(iii) to effect any reclassification of its Preferred Stock or Common Stock or
any recapitalization or reorganization of the Company, or (iv) to effect any
consolidation or merger with or into, or to effect any sale or other transfer
(or to permit one or more of its Subsidiaries to effect any sale or other
transfer), in one or more transactions, of more than 50% of the assets or
earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to, any
other Person or Persons, or (v) to effect the liquidation, dissolution or
winding up of the Company, then, in each such case, the Company shall give to
each holder of record of a Right Certificate, in accordance with Section 25,
notice of such proposed action, which shall specify the record date for the
purposes of such transaction referred to in Section 11(a)(i) or such dividend or
distribution, or the date on which such reclassification, recapitalization,
reorganization, consolidation, merger, sale or transfer of assets, liquidation,
dissolution, or winding up is to take place and the record date for determining
participation therein by the holders of record of Common Stock or Preferred
Stock, if any such date is to be fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the
case of any action covered by clause (i) or (ii) above at least 10 days prior to
the record date for determining holders of record of the Preferred Stock for
purposes of such action, and in the case of any such other action, at least 10
days prior to the date of the taking of such proposed action or the date of
participation therein by the holders of record of Common Stock or Preferred
Stock, whichever shall be the earlier. The failure to give notice required by
this Section 24 or any defect therein shall not affect the legality or validity
of the action taken by the Company or the vote upon any such action.

            (b) In case any of the transactions referred to in Section 11(a)(i)
or 13 of this Rights Agreement are proposed, then, in any such case, the Company
shall give to each holder of

                                      -32-
<PAGE>

Rights, in accordance with Section 25 hereof, notice of the proposal (with
prompt written notice thereof to the Rights Agent) of such transaction at least
10 days prior to consummating such transaction, which notice shall specify the
proposed event and the consequences of the event to holders of Rights under
Section 11(a)(i) or 13 hereof, as the case may be, and, upon consummating such
transaction, shall similarly give notice thereof to each holder of Rights.

            Section 25. Notices. Notices or demands authorized by this Rights
Agreement to be given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of record of
any Right Certificate or Right to or on the Company shall be sufficiently given
or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another
address is filed in writing with the Rights Agent) as follows:

                  Six Flags, Inc.
                  1540 Broadway, 15th Floor
                  New York, New York 10036

Subject to the provisions of Section 21, any notice or demand authorized by this
Rights Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder of record
of any Right Certificate or Right to or on the Rights Agent shall be
sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid,
addressed (until another address is filed in writing with the Company) as
follows:

                  The Bank of New York Mellon
                  BNY Mellon Shareowner Services
                  480 Washington Blvd.
                  Jersey City, NJ 07310
                  Attention: Relationship Manager

                  With a copy to:

                  The Bank of New York Mellon
                  BNY Mellon Shareowner Services
                  Newport Office Center VII
                  480 Washington Blvd.
                  Jersey City, NJ 07310
                  Attention: Legal Department

Notices or demands authorized by this Rights Agreement to be given or made by
the Company or the Rights Agent to the holder of record of any Right Certificate
or Right shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class mail,
postage prepaid, addressed to such holder at the address of such holder as shown
on the registry books of the Company.

            Section 26. Supplements and Amendments. For as long as the Rights
are then redeemable and except as provided in the last sentence of this Section
26, the Company may in its sole and absolute discretion, and the Rights Agent
shall if the Company so directs, supplement or amend any provision of this
Rights Agreement without the approval of any holders of the Rights. At any time
when the Rights are not then redeemable and except as provided in the last
sentence of this Section 26, the Company may, and the Rights Agent shall if

                                      -33-
<PAGE>

the Company so directs, supplement or amend this Rights Agreement without the
approval of any holders of Right Certificates (i) to cure any ambiguity, (ii) to
correct or supplement any provision contained herein which may be defective or
inconsistent with any other provisions herein or (iii) to change or supplement
the provisions hereunder in any manner which the Company may deem necessary or
desirable; provided that no such supplement or amendment pursuant to this clause
(iii) shall materially adversely affect the interest of the holders of Rights
(other than an Acquiring Person or any other Person in whose hands Rights are
null and void under the provisions of 7(e) hereof). Upon the delivery of a
certificate from an appropriate officer of the Company which states that the
proposed supplement or amendment is in compliance with the terms of this Section
26, the Rights Agent shall execute such supplement or amendment; provided,
however, that the Rights Agent shall not be obligated to enter into any such
supplement or amendment that affects the Rights Agent's own rights, duties,
obligations or immunities under this Rights Agreement and shall not be bound by
any such supplement or amendment not executed by it. Notwithstanding anything
contained in this Rights Agreement to the contrary, no supplement or amendment
shall be made which changes the Redemption Price or the Final Expiration Date
(it being understood that an adjustment of the Redemption Price in accordance
with Section 23 shall not be considered a supplement or amendment of this Rights
Agreement).

            Section 27. Exchange. (a) The Board of Directors of the Company may,
at its option, at any time after any Person becomes an Acquiring Person,
exchange all or part of the then outstanding and exercisable Rights (which shall
not include Rights that have become void pursuant to the provisions of Section
7(e) hereof) for shares of Common Stock at an exchange ratio of one share per
Right, appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or
similar transaction occurring after the date hereof (such exchange ratio being
hereinafter referred to as the "Exchange Ratio"). Notwithstanding the foregoing,
the Board of Directors shall not be empowered to effect such exchange at any
time after any Person (other than an Exempt Person), together with all
Affiliates and Associates of such Person, becomes the Beneficial Owner of 50% or
more of the Voting Stock then outstanding.

            (b) Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors of the
Company ordering the exchange of any Rights pursuant to paragraph (a) of this
Section 27 and without any further action and without any notice, the right to
exercise such Rights shall terminate and the only right thereafter of a holder
of such Rights shall be to receive that number of shares of Common Stock equal
to the number of such Rights held by such holder multiplied by the Exchange
Ratio. The Company shall promptly give public notice of any such exchange (with
prompt written notice thereof to the Rights Agent); provided, however, that the
failure to give, or any defect in, such notice shall not affect the validity of
such exchange. The Company promptly shall mail a notice of any such exchange to
all of the holders of such Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon
the registry books of the Rights Agent (with prompt written notice thereof to
the Rights Agent). Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided
shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice. Each such
notice of exchange will state the method by which the exchange of the shares of
Common Stock for Rights will be effected and, in the event of any partial
exchange, the number of Rights which will be exchanged. Any partial exchange
shall be effected pro rata based on the number of Rights (other than Rights
which have become void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7(e) hereof) held
by each holder of Rights.

                                      -34-
<PAGE>

            (c) In the event that there shall not be sufficient shares of Common
Stock issued but not outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit any
exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with this Section 27, the
Company shall take all such action as may be necessary to authorize additional
shares of Common Stock for issuance upon exchange of the Rights.

            (d) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares
of Common Stock or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares.
In lieu of such fractional shares, the Company shall pay to the registered
holders of the Right Certificates with regard to which such fractional shares of
Common Stock would otherwise be issuable an amount in cash equal to the same
fraction of the current market value of a whole share of Common Stock. For the
purposes of this paragraph (d), the current market value of a whole share of
Common Stock shall be the closing price of a share of Common Stock for the
Trading Day immediately prior to the date of exchange pursuant to this Section
27.

            Section 28. Successors. All of the covenants and provisions of this
Rights Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Rights Agent shall
bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns
hereunder.

            Section 29. Benefits of this Rights Agreement. Nothing in this
Rights Agreement shall be construed to give to any person or corporation other
than the Company, the Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Right
Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the holders of Common Stock
in their capacity as holders of the Rights) any legal or equitable right, remedy
or claim under this Rights Agreement; but this Rights Agreement shall be for the
sole and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Rights Agent and the holders of
record of the Right Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the
holders of Common Stock in their capacity as holders of the Rights).

            Section 30. Delaware Contract. This Rights Agreement and each Right
Certificate issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract made under the
laws of the State of Delaware and for all purposes shall be governed by and
construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of such state applicable to
contracts to be made and performed entirely within such state; provided, however
that all provisions regarding the rights, obligations, duties and immunities of
the Rights Agent shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws
of the State of New York.

            Section 31. Counterparts. This Rights Agreement may be executed in
any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes
be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute
but one and the same instrument.

            Section 32. Descriptive Headings. Descriptive headings of the
several Sections of this Rights Agreement are inserted for convenience only and
shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions
hereof.

            Section 33. Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or
restriction of this Rights Agreement is held by a court of competent
jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the
remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this

                                      -35-
<PAGE>

Rights Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be
affected, impaired or invalidated; provided, however, that if such excluded
provision shall affect the rights, immunities, duties or obligations of the
Rights Agent, the Rights Agent shall be entitled to resign upon one Business
Days' notice to the Company.

            Section 34. Determinations and Actions by the Board of Directors,
etc.. The Board of Directors of the Company shall have the exclusive power and
authority to administer this Rights Agreement and to exercise all rights and
powers specifically granted to the Board of Directors or to the Company, or as
may be necessary or advisable in the administration of this Rights Agreement,
including, without limitation, the right and power to (i) interpret the
provisions of this Rights Agreement and (ii) make all determinations deemed
necessary or advisable for the administration of this Rights Agreement
(including a determination to redeem or not redeem the Rights or to amend the
Rights Agreement and a determination of whether there is an Acquiring Person).
All such actions, calculations, interpretations and determinations (including,
for purposes of clause (y) below, all omissions with respect to the foregoing)
which are done or made by the Board of Directors in good faith shall (x) be
final, conclusive and binding on the Company, the Rights Agent, the holders of
the Rights and all other parties, and (y) not subject the Board of Directors to
any liability to the holders of the Rights. The Rights Agent is entitled always
to assume the Company's Board of Directors acted in good faith and shall be
fully protected and incur no liability in reliance thereon.

                                      -36-
<PAGE>

            IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Rights
Agreement to be duly executed, all as of the day and year first above written.

                                       SIX FLAGS, INC.

                                       By: /s/ James M. Coughlin
                                          --------------------------------------
                                          Name: James M. Coughlin
                                          Title: General Counsel

                                       THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON

                                       By: /s/ Kieran McGovern
                                          --------------------------------------
                                          Name: Kieran McGovern
                                          Title: Client Relationship Executive

<PAGE>

                                    Exhibit A

UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES AS PROVIDED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT (AS REFERRED TO
BELOW), RIGHTS ISSUED TO OR BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY ACQUIRING PERSONS OR THEIR
AFFILIATES OR ASSOCIATES (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT) OR
ANY SUBSEQUENT HOLDER OF SUCH RIGHTS SHALL BE NULL AND VOID AND MAY NOT BE
TRANSFERRED TO ANY PERSON.

                                 SIX FLAGS, INC.

          SUMMARY OF RIGHTS TO PURCHASE SERIES A JUNIOR PREFERRED STOCK

The Board of Directors of Six Flags, Inc. (the "Company") has declared a
dividend distribution of one Preferred Stock Purchase Right for each outstanding
share of Common Stock, par value $0.025 per share (the "Common Stock"), of the
Company. The distribution is payable as of December 17, 2008 to stockholders of
record as of the close of business on December 17, 2008. Each Right entitles the
registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth (1/1000) of a
share of preferred stock of the Company, designated as Series A Junior Preferred
Stock (the "Preferred Stock") at a price of $1.25 per one one-thousandth
(1/1000) of a share ("Exercise Price"). The description and terms of the Rights
are set forth in a Rights Agreement (the "Rights Agreement") between the Company
and The Bank of New York Mellon, as Rights Agent (the "Rights Agent").

AS DISCUSSED BELOW, INITIALLY THE RIGHTS WILL NOT BE EXERCISABLE, CERTIFICATES
WILL NOT BE SENT TO STOCKHOLDERS AND THE RIGHTS WILL AUTOMATICALLY TRADE WITH
THE COMMON STOCK.

The Rights, unless earlier redeemed by the Board of Directors, become
exercisable upon the close of business on the day (the "Distribution Date")
which is the earlier of (i) the tenth day following a public announcement that a
person or group of affiliated or associated persons, with certain exceptions set
forth below, has acquired beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding
voting stock of the Company (an "Acquiring Person") and (ii) the tenth business
day (or such later date as may be determined by the Board of Directors prior to
such time as any person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an
Acquiring Person) after the date of the commencement or announcement of a
person's or group's intention to commence a tender or exchange offer the
consummation of which would result in the ownership of 15% or more of the
Company's outstanding voting stock (even if no shares are actually purchased
pursuant to such offer); prior thereto, the Rights would not be exercisable,
would not be represented by a separate certificate, and would not be
transferable apart from the Company's Common Stock, but will instead be
evidenced, with respect to any of the Common Stock certificates outstanding as
of December 17, 2008, by such Common Stock certificate with a copy of this
Summary of Rights attached thereto. An Acquiring Person does not include (A) the
Company, (B) any subsidiary of the Company, (C) any employee benefit plan or
employee stock plan of the Company or of any subsidiary of the Company, or any
trust or other entity organized, appointed, established or holding Common Stock
for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan or (D) any person or group

                                    Exh. A-1
<PAGE>

whose ownership of 15% or more of the shares of voting stock of the Company then
outstanding results solely from (i) any action or transaction or transactions
approved by the Board of Directors before such person or group became an
Acquiring Person or (ii) a reduction in the number of issued and outstanding
shares of voting stock of the Company pursuant to a transaction or transactions
approved by the Board of Directors (provided that any person or group that does
not become an Acquiring Person by reason of clause (i) or (ii) above shall
become an Acquiring Person upon acquisition of an additional 1% of the Company's
voting stock unless such acquisition of additional voting stock will not result
in such person or group becoming an Acquiring Person by reason of such clause
(i) or (ii)).

Until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights),
new Common Stock certificates issued after December 17, 2008 will contain a
legend incorporating the Rights Agreement by reference. Until the Distribution
Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights), the surrender for
transfer of any of the Common Stock certificates outstanding as of December 17,
2008, with or without a copy of this Summary of Rights attached thereto, will
also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with the Common Stock
represented by such certificate. As soon as practicable following the
Distribution Date, separate certificates evidencing the Rights ("Right
Certificates") will be mailed to holders of record of the Common Stock as of the
close of business on the Distribution Date and such separate certificates alone
will evidence the Rights from and after the Distribution Date.

The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date. The Rights will
expire at the close of business on December 2, 2018, unless earlier redeemed by
the Company as described below.

The number of shares of Preferred Stock issuable upon exercise of the Rights is
subject to certain adjustments from time to time in the event of a stock
dividend on, or a subdivision or combination of, the Common Stock. The Exercise
Price for the Rights is subject to adjustment in the event of extraordinary
distributions of cash or other property to holders of Common Stock.

The Preferred Stock is non-redeemable and, unless otherwise provided in
connection with the creation of a subsequent series of preferred stock,
subordinate to any other series of the Company's preferred stock. The Preferred
Stock may not be issued except upon exercise of Rights. Each share of Preferred
Stock will be entitled to receive when, as and if declared, a quarterly dividend
in an amount equal to the greater of $1.00 per share and 1000 times the cash
dividends declared on the Company's Common Stock. In addition, the Preferred
Stock is entitled to 1000 times any non-cash dividends (other than dividends
payable in equity securities) declared on the Common Stock, in like kind. In the
event of liquidation, the holders of Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive
for each share, a liquidation payment in an amount equal to the greater of
$1,250 or 1000 times the payment made per share of Common Stock. Each share of
Preferred Stock will have 1000 votes, voting together with the Common Stock. In
the event of any merger, consolidation or other transaction in which Common
Stock is exchanged, each share of Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive
1000 times the amount received per share of Common Stock. The rights of
Preferred Stock as to dividends, liquidation and voting are protected by
anti-dilution provisions.

                                    Exh. A-2
<PAGE>

Because of the nature of the Preferred Stock's dividend, liquidation and voting
rights, the value of the one one-thousandth interest in a share of Preferred
Stock purchasable upon exercise of each Right should approximate the value of
one share of Common Stock.

In the event that any person or group of affiliated or associated persons
becomes an Acquiring Person, each holder of a Right, other than Rights
beneficially owned by the Acquiring Person (which will thereupon become void),
will thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise of a Right and payment
of the Purchase Price, that number of shares of Common Stock having a market
value of two times the Exercise Price.

In the event that, after a person or group has become an Acquiring Person, the
Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction or 50%
or more of its consolidated assets or earning power are sold, proper provision
will be made so that each holder of a Right (other than Rights beneficially
owned by an Acquiring Person which will have become void) will thereafter have
the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the then-current exercise
price of the Right, that number of shares of common stock of the person with
whom the Company has engaged in the foregoing transaction (or its parent), which
number of shares at the time of such transaction will have a market value of two
times the Exercise Price.

At any time after any person or group becomes an Acquiring Person and prior to
the acquisition by such person or group of 50% or more of the outstanding shares
of Common Stock or the occurrence of an event described in the prior paragraph,
the Board of Directors of the Company may exchange the Rights (other than Rights
owned by such person or group which will have become void), in whole or in part,
at an exchange ratio of one share of Common Stock, or a fractional share of
Preferred Stock (or of a share of a similar class or series of the Company's
preferred stock having similar rights, preferences and privileges) of equivalent
value, per Right (subject to adjustment).

With certain exceptions, no adjustment in the Exercise Price will be required
until cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of at least 1% in such
Exercise Price. No fractional shares of Preferred Stock will be issued (other
than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a share of
Preferred Stock, which may, at the election of the Company, be evidenced by
depositary receipts) and in lieu thereof, an adjustment in cash will be made
based on the market price of the Preferred Stock on the last trading day prior
to the date of exercise.

The Company may redeem the then outstanding Rights in whole, but not in part, at
any time prior to the close of business on the earlier of (i) the time a person
has become an Acquiring Person or (ii) the Final Expiration Date, at a price of
$0.01 per Right ("Redemption Price"). Immediately upon the effective time of the
action of the Board of Directors of the Company authorizing redemption of the
Rights, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right of
the holders of the Rights will be to receive the Redemption Price.

At least once every three years a committee of independent directors will
evaluate the Rights Agreement in order to consider whether the maintenance of
the Rights Agreement continues to be in the interests of the Company and its
stockholders.

                                    Exh. A-3
<PAGE>

For as long as the Rights are then redeemable, the Company may, except with
respect to the redemption price or date of expiration of the Rights, amend the
Rights in any manner, including an amendment to extend the time period in which
the Rights may be redeemed. At any time when the Rights are not then redeemable,
the Company may amend the Rights in any manner that does not materially
adversely affect the interests of holders of the Rights as such.

Until a Right is exercised, the holder, as such, will have no rights as a
stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to vote or
to receive dividends.

The Rights have certain anti-takeover effects. The Rights will cause substantial
dilution to a person or group who attempts to acquire the Company on terms not
approved by the Company's Board of Directors. The Rights should not interfere
with any merger or other business combination approved by the Board since they
may be redeemed by the Company at $0.01 per Right at any time until a person or
group has obtained beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the voting stock.

A copy of the Rights Agreement has been filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission as an Exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K. A copy of the Rights
Agreement is available free of charge from the Company. This summary description
of the Rights does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety
by reference to the Rights Agreement which is incorporated in this summary
description herein by reference.

                                    Exh. A-4
<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT B

                           [Form of Right Certificate]

Certificate No. W-                                               ______ Rights

NOT EXERCISABLE AFTER DECEMBER 2, 2018 OR EARLIER IF REDEEMED. THE RIGHTS ARE
SUBJECT TO REDEMPTION, AT THE OPTION OF THE COMPANY AND UNDER CERTAIN OTHER
CIRCUMSTANCES, AT $0.01 PER RIGHT (SUBJECT TO ADJUSTMENT), ON THE TERMS SET
FORTH OR REFERRED TO IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES AS
PROVIDED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT (AS REFERRED TO BELOW), RIGHTS ISSUED TO OR
BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY ACQUIRING PERSONS OR THEIR AFFILIATES OR ASSOCIATES (AS
SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT) OR ANY SUBSEQUENT HOLDER OF SUCH
RIGHTS SHALL BE NULL AND VOID AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED TO ANY PERSON.

                                RIGHT CERTIFICATE

            This certifies that _______________ , or registered assigns, is the
registered owner of the number of Rights set forth above, each of which entitles
the owner thereof, subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Rights
Agreement dated as of December 2, 2008, as amended from time to time, (the
"Rights Agreement") between Six Flags, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the
"Company"), and The Bank of New York Mellon, (the "Rights Agent"), to purchase
from the Company at any time after the Distribution Date (as such term is
defined in the Rights Agreement) and prior to 5:00 P.M. (New York City time) on
December 2, 2018 at the office of the Rights Agent designated in the Rights
Agreement for such purpose, or its successor as Rights Agent, one one-thousandth
(1/1000) of a fully paid nonassessable share of Series A Junior Preferred Stock
(the "Preferred Stock") of the Company at a purchase price of $1.25, as the same
may from time to time be adjusted in accordance with the Rights Agreement (the
"Exercise Price"), upon presentation and surrender of this Right Certificate
with the Form of Election to Purchase attached hereto duly executed.

            As provided in the Rights Agreement, the Exercise Price and the
number of shares of Preferred Stock which may be purchased upon the exercise of
the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate are subject to modification and
adjustment upon the happening of certain events and, upon the happening of
certain events, securities other than shares of Preferred Stock, or other
property, may be acquired upon exercise of the Rights evidenced by this Right
Certificate, as provided in the Rights Agreement.

            This Right Certificate is subject to all of the terms, provisions
and conditions of the Rights Agreement, which terms, provisions and conditions
are incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof and to which Rights
Agreement reference is hereby made for a full description of the rights,
limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities of the Rights Agent,
the Company and the holders of record of Right Certificates. Copies of the
Rights Agreement are on file at the principal executive office of the Company.

                                    Exh. B-1
<PAGE>

            This Right Certificate, with or without other Right Certificates,
upon surrender at the office of the Rights Agent designated in the Rights
Agreement for such purpose, may be exchanged for another Right Certificate or
Right Certificates of like tenor and date evidencing Rights entitling the holder
of record to purchase a like aggregate number of shares of Preferred Stock as
the Rights evidenced by the Right Certificate or Right Certificates surrendered
shall have entitled such holder to purchase. If this Right Certificate shall be
exercised in part, the holder shall be entitled to receive upon surrender
hereof, another Right Certificate or Right Certificates for the number of whole
Rights not exercised.

            Subject to the provisions of the Rights Agreement, the Rights
evidenced by this Certificate (i) may be redeemed by the Company at a redemption
price of $0.01 per Right or (ii) may be exchanged in whole or in part for shares
of Preferred Stock or shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value $0.025 per
share.

            No fractional shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock will be
issued upon the exercise or exchange of any Right or Rights evidenced hereby
(other than fractions of Preferred Stock which are integral multiples of one
one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock, which may, at the election of the
Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts), but in lieu thereof a cash
payment will be made, as provided in the Rights Agreement.

            No holder of this Right Certificate, as such, shall be entitled to
vote or receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of Preferred
Stock or of any other securities of the Company which may at any time be
issuable on the exercise hereof, nor shall anything contained in the Rights
Agreement or herein be construed to confer upon the holder hereof, as such, any
of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the
election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at meeting
thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action or to receive
notice of meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided
in the Rights Agreement), or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or
otherwise, until the Right or Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate shall
have been exercised as provided in the Rights Agreement.

            This Right Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for any
purpose until it shall have been countersigned by the Rights Agent.

                                    Exh. B-2
<PAGE>

WITNESS the facsimile signature of the proper officers of the Company and its
corporate seal. Dated as of _____________, 20__.

ATTEST:

____________________________                           By:_____________________
Secretary                                                       Title:

Countersigned:
[Rights Agent]

By:____________________
   Authorized Signature

                                    Exh. B-3
<PAGE>

                 [Form of Reverse Side of Right Certificate]

                               FORM OF ASSIGNMENT

            (To be executed by the registered holder if such holder desires to
transfer the Right Certificates.)

            FOR VALUE RECEIVED__________________________________________________
______________________________________________ hereby sells, assigns and
transfers unto__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
                (Please print name and address of transferee)

________________________________________________________________________________

Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate, together with all right, title and
interest therein, and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint Attorney to
transfer the within Right Certificate on the books of the within-named Company,
with full power of substitution. Dated:

________________, 20___

                                          ____________________________________
                                          Signature

Signature Guaranteed:

Signatures must be guaranteed by a member or participant in the Securities
Transfer Agent Medallion Program, the New York Stock Exchange Medallion
Signature Program or the Stock Exchange Medallion Program.

                                    Exh. B-4
<PAGE>

CERTIFICATE

            The undersigned hereby certifies by checking the appropriate boxes
that:

(1) this Right Certificate [_] is [_] is not being sold, assigned or transferred
by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an Acquiring Person or an Associate or
an Affiliate thereof (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement); and

(2) after due inquiry and to the best knowledge of the undersigned, it [_] did
[_] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate from any
Person who is, was or subsequently became an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or
Associate thereof (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement).

Dated:   ____________, 20___

                                          ____________________________________
                                          Signature

                                    Exh. B-5
<PAGE>

                                     NOTICE

            The signature to the foregoing Assignment and Certificate must
correspond to the name as written upon the face of this Right Certificate in
every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever.

                                    Exh. B-6
<PAGE>

                          FORM OF ELECTION TO PURCHASE

            (To be executed if registered holder desires to exercise the Right
Certificate.)

TO _____________________:

The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise _________________ Rights
represented by this Right Certificate to purchase the shares of Preferred Stock
issuable upon the exercise of such Rights and requests that certificates for
such share(s) be issued in the following name:

Please insert social security or other identifying
number:_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
                         (Please print name and address)

________________________________________________________________________________

If such number of Rights shall not be all the Rights evidenced by this Right
Certificate, a new Right Certificate for the balance remaining of such Rights
shall be registered in the name of and delivered to:

Please insert social security or other identifying
number:_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
                         (Please print name and address)

________________________________________________________________________________

Dated:   _____________, 20___

                                          ____________________________________
                                          Signature

                                          (Signature must conform in all
                                          respects to name of holder as
                                          specified on the fact of this Right
                                          Certificate)

Signature Guaranteed:

Signatures must be guaranteed by a member or participant in the Securities
Transfer Agent Medallion Program, the New York Stock Exchange Medallion
Signature Program or the Stock Exchange Medallion Program.

                                    Exh. B-7

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