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                            ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT

                                     Between

                             GTE NORTH INCORPORATED

                                       and

                             GTE SOUTH INCORPORATED

                                       and

                           CITIZENS UTILITIES COMPANY

                                December 16, 1999

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ARTICLE 1           DEFINITIONS..................................................................................1

         1.1      Terms..........................................................................................1

         1.2      Interpretation................................................................................10

ARTICLE 2           PURCHASE AND SALE OF ASSETS.................................................................10

         2.1      Purchase and Sale of Assets...................................................................10

         2.2      Purchased Property............................................................................10

         2.3      Excluded Property.............................................................................10

         2.4      Assumption of Liabilities.....................................................................11

                  2.4.1    Assumed Liabilities..................................................................11

                  2.4.2    Retained Liabilities.................................................................13

         2.5      No Assignment Without Consent.................................................................13

ARTICLE 3           PURCHASE PRICE..............................................................................14

         3.1      Purchase Price................................................................................14

         3.2      Closing Date Estimate.........................................................................14

         3.3      Closing Date Statement........................................................................15

ARTICLE 4           REQUIRED APPROVALS, CONSENTS AND NOTIFICATIONS..............................................16

         4.1      State Regulatory Approval.....................................................................16

         4.2      Debtholder Consents...........................................................................16

         4.3      Landlord and Other Consents...................................................................16

         4.4      FCC Consents..................................................................................16

         4.5      HSR Act Review................................................................................16

         4.6      GTE/Bell Atlantic Merger......................................................................17

ARTICLE 5           PRE-CLOSING COVENANTS.......................................................................17

         5.1      Investigation by Buyer........................................................................17

         5.2      Operation of the Business in the Ordinary Course..............................................18

                  5.2.1    Preservation of Business.............................................................18

                  5.2.2    No Material Changes..................................................................18

         5.3      Satisfaction of Conditions....................................................................19

         5.4      Approvals.....................................................................................19

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         5.5      Audit  or Review of Financial Statements......................................................19

         5.6      Cooperation with Respect to Like-Kind Exchange................................................20

         5.7      Interconnection Agreements....................................................................21

         5.8      Leased Vehicles; Capital Leases...............................................................21

         5.9      Delivery of Interim Information...............................................................21

ARTICLE 6           CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO THE CLOSING.........................................................21

         6.1      Conditions Precedent to Obligations of Buyer..................................................21

                  6.1.1    No Misrepresentation or Breach of Covenants and Warranties...........................21

                  6.1.2    Documents............................................................................21

                  6.1.3    HSR..................................................................................21

                  6.1.4    No Legal Obstruction.................................................................22

                  6.1.5    No Material Adverse Effect...........................................................22

         6.2      Conditions Precedent to Obligations of Seller.................................................22

                  6.2.1    No Misrepresentation or Breach of Covenants and Warranties...........................22

                  6.2.2    Documents............................................................................22

                  6.2.3    Purchase Price.......................................................................22

                  6.2.4    HSR..................................................................................22

                  6.2.5    No Legal Obstruction.................................................................22

ARTICLE 7           THE CLOSING.................................................................................23

         7.1      The Closing...................................................................................23

         7.2      Seller's Obligations at Closing...............................................................23

         7.3      Buyer's Obligations at Closing................................................................24

ARTICLE 8           REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES..............................................................24

         8.1      Representations and Warranties of Seller......................................................24

                  8.1.1    Authorization and Effect of Agreement................................................24

                  8.1.2    No Restrictions Against Sale of the Purchased Property...............................24

                  8.1.3    Consents and Approvals of Governmental Authorities...................................25

                  8.1.4    No Material Violations...............................................................25

                  8.1.5    Corporate Organization...............................................................25

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                  8.1.6    Brokers..............................................................................25

                  8.1.7    Title to Owned Real Property.........................................................25

                  8.1.8    Real Property Leases.................................................................26

                  8.1.9    Tangible Assets......................................................................26

                  8.1.10   No Material Adverse Change...........................................................26

                  8.1.11   Material Contracts...................................................................26

                  8.1.12   Insurance............................................................................27

                  8.1.13   Taxes................................................................................28

                  8.1.14   No Material Claims or Suits..........................................................28

                  8.1.15   Tariffs; FCC Licenses................................................................28

                  8.1.16   Employee Matters.....................................................................29

                  8.1.17   Schedules of Telephone Plant.........................................................31

                  8.1.18   Schedule of Real Property Interests..................................................32

                  8.1.19   Compliance with Existing Environmental Requirements..................................32

                  8.1.20   Environmental Permits................................................................32

                  8.1.21   Financial Statements.................................................................32

                  8.1.22   Year 2000 Compliance.................................................................33

                  8.1.23   Native American and Federal Consents.................................................34

                  8.1.24   Loss of Major Customer...............................................................34

                  8.1.25   Records..............................................................................34

         8.2      Representations and Warranties of Buyer.......................................................34

                  8.2.1    Corporate Organization...............................................................34

                  8.2.2    Authorization and Effect of Agreement................................................35

                  8.2.3    No Restrictions Against Purchase of the Purchased Properties.........................35

                  8.2.4    No Violation of Law..................................................................35

                  8.2.5    Financial Capacity...................................................................35

                  8.2.6    Brokers..............................................................................35

                  8.2.7    Consents and Approvals of Governmental Authority.....................................36

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ARTICLE 9         CONTINUING BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.............................................................36

         9.1      Transition Services Agreement.................................................................36

         9.2      Optional Services Agreement...................................................................36

         9.3      Directory Publishing..........................................................................36

                  9.3.1    Assumption of Certain Directory Publishing Agreement Rights and Obligations..........36

                  9.3.2    Co-Bound Directories Acknowledgement.................................................37

                  9.3.3    Meeting to Discuss Directory Publication.............................................37

         9.4      GTE Supply Relationship.......................................................................37

         9.5      GTE Telecom Agreements.............................................................. 37

ARTICLE 10          ADDITIONAL COVENANTS OF THE PARTIES.........................................................38

         10.1     Intellectual Property.........................................................................38

                  10.1.1   No License...........................................................................38

                  10.1.2   Infringement.........................................................................38

                  10.1.3   Trademark Phaseout...................................................................38

                  10.1.4   Third Party Software.................................................................39

         10.2     Effect of Due Diligence and Related Matters...................................................40

         10.3     Confidentiality...............................................................................40

         10.4     Further Assurances............................................................................40

         10.5     Prorations....................................................................................41

         10.6     Cost Studies/NECA Matters.....................................................................41

                  10.6.1   Prior to Closing.....................................................................41

                  10.6.2   From and After Closing...............................................................41

         10.7     Customer Deposits.............................................................................42

         10.8     Access to Books and Records...................................................................42

         10.9     Purchase Price Allocation.....................................................................43

         10.10    Owned Real Property Transfers.................................................................43

         10.11    Transaction Taxes.............................................................................44

         10.12    Bulk Sales Laws...............................................................................44
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         10.13    Prepaid Non-Regulated Maintenance Agreements..................................................44

         10.14    Vehicle Registration..........................................................................45

         10.15    Carrier Access Billing and Accounts Receivable Transition.....................................45

         10.16    End-User Billing and Accounts Receivable Transition...........................................45

         10.17    Tariff Changes Resulting from the ICC Merger Order..............................46

         10.18    Evaluation and Repair of Certain Tangible Property   ..............................46

ARTICLE 11          EMPLOYEES AND EMPLOYEE MATTERS..............................................................47

         11.1     Employment of Transferred Employees...........................................................47

                  11.1.1   Assumption of Collective Bargaining Agreement Obligations............................48

                  11.1.2   Assumption of Employment and Other Agreements........................................48

                  11.1.3   Recognition of Transferred Employee Service..........................................48

                  11.1.4   Assumption of Obligation to Pay Bonuses..............................................48

                  11.1.5   No Duplicate Benefits................................................................48

                  11.1.6   Affiliate Employees..................................................................48

         11.2     Transferred Employee Benefit Matters..........................................................49

                  11.2.1   Defined Benefit Plans................................................................49

                  11.2.2   Savings Plans........................................................................55

                  11.2.3   Welfare Plans........................................................................57

         11.3     Miscellaneous Benefits........................................................................60

                  11.3.1   Vacation.............................................................................60

                  11.3.2   Transferred Employee Statements......................................................61

         11.4     Employee Rights...............................................................................61

         11.5     WARN Act Requirements.........................................................................61

         11.6     Indemnification...............................................................................61

                  11.6.1   Indemnification of Seller............................................................61

                  11.6.2   Indemnification of Buyer.............................................................62

ARTICLE 12          INDEMNIFICATION.............................................................................62

         12.1     Survival of Representations...................................................................62
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         12.2     Indemnification...............................................................................63

         12.3     Limitations on Liability......................................................................64

         12.4     Defense of Claims.............................................................................65

         12.5     No Indemnifiable Claims Resulting From Governmental Authority Action..........................67

ARTICLE 13          TERMINATION.................................................................................67

         13.1     Termination Rights............................................................................67

         13.2     Goodfaith Performance.........................................................................68

         13.3     Effect of Termination.........................................................................68

ARTICLE 14          MISCELLANEOUS...............................................................................69

         14.1     Notices.......................................................................................69

         14.2     Information Releases..........................................................................70

         14.3     Expenses......................................................................................70

         14.4     Successors and Assigns........................................................................70

         14.5     Amendments....................................................................................70

         14.6     Captions......................................................................................71

         14.7     Entire Agreement..............................................................................71

         14.8     Waiver........................................................................................71

         14.9     Third Parties.................................................................................71

         14.10    Counterparts..................................................................................71

         14.11    Governing Law.................................................................................71

         14.12    Further Assurances............................................................................72

         14.13    Severability..................................................................................72

         14.14    Representation by Counsel; Interpretation.....................................................72

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                               INDEX OF SCHEDULES
Schedule*         Title

1.1-A             Assigned Contracts
1.1-B             Excluded Contracts
1.1-C             Purchased Exchanges
1.1-D             License Agreement
2.3(g)            Other Excluded Property
4.4               FCC Consents / Waivers
5.2.1             Operation of the Business
5.2.2(c)          Material Increase to Transferred Employee Benefits
5.2.2(d)          Dispositions
6.1.1             Seller's Closing Certificate
6.2.1             Buyer's Closing Certificate
7.2(a)            Bill of Sale and Assignment and Assumption Agreement
7.2(b)            Legal Opinion of Seller's Counsel
7.2(g)            Affidavit as to Status of Foreign Person
7.3(c)            Legal Opinion of Buyer's Counsel
8.1.4             Violation of Law
8.1.7(a)          Owned Real Property
8.1.7(b)           Bondholders
8.1.8             Real Property Leases
8.1.9             Exceptions to Good Repair of Tangible Property and Exceptions
                  to Title of Tangible Assets and Notices of Violations
                  of Building / Zoning Ordinances
8.1.10            Material Adverse Changes
8.1.11(a-j)       Material Contracts
8.1.13            Exceptions to Tax Return Filings
8.1.14            State and Federal Claims/Suits
8.1.15(a)         Tariff Proceedings
8.1.15(b)         FCC Licenses
8.1.16(a)         Employee Matters - Seller Employee Benefit Plans
8.1.16(b)         Employee Matters - Seller Material Liabilities under ERISA
8.1.16(c)         Employee Matters - Seller ERISA Plans - Compliance
8.1.16(d)         Employee Matters - Seller Multiemployer Plans
8.1.16(e)         Employee Matters - Seller Union Representation
8.1.17            Telephone Plant
8.1.18            Real Property Interests List
8.1.19            Exceptions to Compliance with Existing Environmental
                  Requirements
8.1.20            Environmental Permits
8.1.21(a-c)       Financial Statements
8.1.23            Native American Authorizations
8.1.24            Loss of Major Customer
9.1               Transition Services Agreement
9.2               Optional Services Agreement
9.3.1             Directory Publishing Agreements
9.3.2             Co-Bound Directory Agreements
9.5               GTE Telecom Agreements
11.1.2            Employees and Employee Matters - Employment Agreement
                  Obligation Exceptions
11.3.1            Employees and Employee Matters - Vacation

* The Schedule numbers refer to the appropriate Section within the Agreement.

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                            ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT

                  THIS ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") is made and
entered into as of the 16th day of December, 1999, by and between Citizens
Utilities Company, a Delaware corporation ("Buyer"), and GTE North Incorporated,
a Wisconsin corporation and GTE South Incorporated, a Virginia corporation
(collectively "Seller").

                                    RECITALS

                  WHEREAS, Seller is in the business of providing regulated
local exchange telephone service in certain areas of the state of Illinois; and

                  WHEREAS, Seller desires to sell, convey, assign, transfer and
deliver to Buyer, and Buyer desires to purchase and accept from Seller, certain
of its telephone properties and related assets used in the provision of such
service, upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.

                  NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto, intending to be legally
bound, agree as follows:

                                    ARTICLE 1
                                   DEFINITIONS

         1.1 Terms. For purposes of this Agreement and any amendment hereto, the
following terms are defined as set out below or in the Section referenced below:

                  "Accounts Receivable Settlement Statement" is defined in
Section 10.16(b).

                  "Accounts Payable" means accounts payable owed by Seller
arising primarily from the operation of the Business.

                  "Active Employees" is defined in Section 11.1.

                  "Affiliate" means, with respect to any Person, any other
Person that, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries,
controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person.

                  "Allocation" is defined in Section 10.9.

                  "Ancillary Documents" means the Transition Services Agreement,
the Optional Services Agreement, the License Agreement, and the Bill of Sale and
Assignment and Assumption Agreement.

                  "Assigned Contracts" means Contracts to which Seller or any of
its Affiliates is a party (i) which relate primarily to the operation of the
Business, other than the Excluded Contracts, Real Property Interests, Real
Property Leases and Third Party Intellectual Property Contracts, and (ii) any
other contract to which Seller is a party and is listed on Schedule 1.1-A.

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                  "Assigned Permits" means, to the extent assignable, all
permits, licenses, franchises, approvals and authorizations of Seller or any of
its Affiliates issued or granted by any Governmental Authority that relate
primarily to the operation of the Business, other than the FCC Licenses and the
Excluded Permits.

                  "Assumed Liabilities" is defined in Section 2.4.1

                  "Automated Assets" is defined in Section 8.1.22(c).

                  "Bargained Welfare Plans" is defined in Section 11.2.3(a).

                  "BIA" is defined in Section 8.1.23.

                  "Base Purchase Price" is defined in Section 3.1.

                  "Bill of Sale and Assignment and Assumption Agreement" is
defined in Section 7.2(a).

                  "Bondholders" means the Persons listed on Schedule 8.1.7(b).

                  "Business" means the business of providing in the geographic
area comprising the Purchased Exchanges (i) local exchange, exchange access and
intra-LATA toll telecommunications services to end users, (ii) exchange access
telecommunications services to interexchange carriers and other local exchange
carriers, (iii) retail sales of telephone equipment and products, and (iv)
non-tariffed public communications (pay telephones), commercial
telecommunications services facilities leasing and other non-regulated services
and products.

                  "Buyer Pension" is defined in Section 11.2.1(c)(iii)(B).

                  "Buyer Pension Plan" and "Buyer Pension Plans" are defined in
Section 11.2.1(b).

                  "Buyer Savings Plan" and "Buyer Savings Plans" are defined in
Section 11.2.2(b).

                  "Buyer Welfare Plans" is defined in Section 11.2.3(a).

                  "Buyer's Actuary" is defined in Section 11.2.1(d)(ii).

                  "Buyer's Closing Certificate" is defined in Section 6.2.1.

                  "Calendar-Related" is defined in Section 8.1.22(c).

                  "CERCLA" means the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended.

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                  "Closing" is defined in Section 7.1.

                  "Closing Date" is defined in Section 7.1.

                  "Closing Date Amount" is defined in Section 3.2(b)

                  "Closing Date Statement" is defined in Section 3.3

                  "Confidentiality Agreement" means the Confidentiality
Agreement dated as of November 20, 1998, among Buyer, Seller and certain
Affiliates of Seller.

                  "Construction Advances" means advances collected by Seller or
any Affiliate for the future performance of non-regulated construction in the
Purchased Exchanges.

                  "Contracts" means all contracts, leases, indentures,
agreements, and other legally binding arrangements.

                  "Customer Advances" means amounts arising from the operation
of the Business that have been billed and collected by Seller as of the Closing
Date but that are unearned because they relate to the provision of service after
the Closing Date.

                  "Customer Deposits" is defined in Section 10.7.

                  "Date Data" is defined in Section 8.1.22(c).

                  "Direct Claim" is defined in Section 12.4(b).

                  "Due Diligence Documents" means those documents contained in
the nine volumes of information delivered to Buyer in connection with its review
of the Purchased Property.

                  "Earned End-User Accounts Receivable" means accounts
receivable arising primarily from the operation of the Business that have been
earned by Seller's provision of service on or before the Closing Date excluding
amounts billed through the carrier access billing system to interexchange
carriers.

                  "Earned End-User Accounts Receivable Amount" means the
aggregate amount of all Earned Unbilled Accounts Receivable as of the Closing
Date, less a discount for anticipated uncollectible Earned End-User Accounts
Receivable in an amount equal to the Uncollectible Factor multiplied by Earned
End-User Accounts Receivable as of the Closing Date.

                  "Employment Agreements" is defined in Section 8.1.16(a).

                  "Environmental Requirements" means all federal, state,
interstate and local government or agency Laws relating to pollution or
protection of human health and safety or the environment (including, without
limitation, air, surface water, ground water, land surface and subsurface
strata), including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to
emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of Regulated Materials;
or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use,
treatment, storage, disposal, transportation or handling of Regulated Materials.

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                  "ERISA" means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, as amended.

                  "ERISA Plans" is defined in Section 8.1.16(a).

                  "Estimated Non-Regulated Construction Work in Process Amount"
is defined in Section 3.2(a).

                  "Estimated Regulatory Obligation Amount" is defined in Section
3.2(a).

                  "Evaluation Material" is defined in the first paragraph of the
Confidentiality Agreement.

                  "Excluded Contracts" means (i) all billing and collection
agreements, interconnection agreements, national account agreements, billing
media agreements, vehicle leasing agreements, capital leases, Contracts between
Seller and Affiliates of Seller, except to the extent expressly listed on
Schedule 1.1-A, and (ii) such other agreements as are listed on Schedule 1.1-B.

                  "Excluded Marks" means all trademarks, applications for
trademark registration, service marks, applications for service mark
registration, trade names, domain names and related registrations owned by
Seller or an Affiliate of Seller, or licensed to Seller or an Affiliate of
Seller by any Person, and any derivations of the foregoing.

                  "Excluded Permits" means the permits, licenses, franchises,
approvals and authorizations of Seller or any Affiliates by Governmental
Authorities that relate to the Excluded Property.

                  "Excluded Property" is defined in Section 2.3.

                  "Executive Officer" of an entity means (i) in the case of
Seller, the regional president of the region that includes the Purchased
Exchanges, the general manager of infrastructure provisioning for the Purchased
Exchanges and the general manager of customer operations for the Purchased
Exchanges, and (ii) the case of Buyer, the executive officer(s) in charge of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

                  "Existing Environmental Requirements" means those applicable
provisions of any Environmental Requirements that are both in effect and
required to be met by Seller prior to the Closing Date.

                  "Expiration Date" is defined in Section 12.1(a).

                  "FCC" means the Federal Communications Commission.

                  "FCC Consents" is defined in Section 4.4.

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                  "FCC Licenses" means all licenses, certificates, permits or
other authorizations granted to Seller or any Affiliates by the FCC that are
used primarily in the operation of the Business.

                  "Financial Statements" is defined in Section 8.1.21.

                  "Final Order" shall mean action by any governmental or
regulatory authority as to which (i) no request for stay by any Governmental
Authority of the action is pending, no such stay is in effect, and if any
deadline for any such request is designated by statute or regulation, such
deadline is passed; (ii) no petition for rehearing or reconsideration of the
action is pending before any Governmental Authority, and the time for filing any
such petition has passed; (iii) the Governmental Authority does not have the
action under reconsideration or its own motion and the time for such
reconsideration has passed; and (iv) no appeal to a court, or request to stay by
a court, of the Governmental Authority's action is pending or in effect and, if
any deadline of filing any such appeal or request is designated by statute or
rule, it has passed.

                  "FRP" is defined in Section 11.2.3(f).

                  "Future Capital Expenditure Obligations" is defined in Section
2.4.1(h).

                  "Future Regulatory Obligations" is defined in Section
2.4.1(g).

                  "GAAP" means United States generally accepted accounting
principles.

                  "GATT Grandfathered Participant" is defined in Section
11.2.1(c)(ii)(C).

                  "Governmental Authority" means any court or any federal, state
or foreign governmental, legislative or regulatory body, agency, department,
authority or instrumentality.

                  "HSR Act" means the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements
Act of 1976, as amended.

                  "ICC" is defined in Section 4.1

                  "Indemnifiable Losses" is defined in Section 12.3(a).

                  "Indemnification Payment" is defined in Section 12.3(a).

                  "Indemnifying Party" is defined in Section 12.3(a).
                  "Indemnitee" is defined in Section 12.3(a).

                  "Intellectual Property" means all inventions (whether
patentable or not and whether or not such inventions are described or claimed in
any patent or patent application), designs (useful or ornamental), and works
subject to copyright protection, invention disclosures, specifications, manuals,
drawings, functional or system block diagrams, flow charts, circuit diagrams,
design or user documentation, engineering notebooks, schematics, test programs,
documented procedures, documented processes, documented flows, devices, software
(in any form), or firmware, and all intellectual property rights therein or
based thereon, including patents, patent applications (including continuations,
continuations-in-part, divisions, reissues), reexamined patents and extensions
thereof, copyrights (whether registered or unregistered), and trade secrets.

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                  "Interim Capital Expenditure Obligations" is defined in
Section 2.4.1(h).

                  "IRC" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

                  "IRS" means the Internal Revenue Service.

                  "Law" or "Laws" means any statute, rule, regulation,
ordinance, judgment, order or decree of any Governmental Authority.

                  "Leased Real Property" means the real property leased to
Seller or its Affiliates under the Real Property Leases.

                  "License Agreement" means the license agreement attached
hereto as Schedule 1.1-D pursuant to which Seller grants to Buyer certain rights
and licenses under Licensed Intellectual Property.

                  "Licensed Intellectual Property" means Intellectual Property
owned by Seller or its Affiliates, and Third Party Intellectual Property
licensed to Seller or its Affiliates which Seller or its Affiliates can
sublicense to Buyer without the payment of compensation or other consideration
to any Person, and which Intellectual Property and Third Party Intellectual
Property are required for the use or maintenance (to the extent not provided by
the owner or licensor of the Third Party Intellectual Property) of or are
included in or with the Purchased Property in the operation of the Business as
of the Closing; provided that Licensed Intellectual Property shall at all times
be Excluded Property.

                  "Lien" means any lien, charge, pledge, option, mortgage,
security interest or other encumbrance.

                  "Material Adverse Effect" means a materially adverse effect on
the Business or the Purchased Property, taken as a whole, other than effects
relating to or arising from (i) the execution of this Agreement, (ii) the United
States economy generally or the state of Illinois in particular, or (iii) events
or circumstances that affect the Business in the same manner and to the same
extent as other businesses in the industry generally.

                  "Material and Supply Inventory" is defined in the FCC's Part
32 Uniform System of Accounts.

                  "Material Contracts" is defined in Section 8.1.11.

                  "Material Permits" is defined in Section 8.1.15(b).

                  "Merger" means the proposed merger involving GTE Corporation
and Bell Atlantic Corporation and their respective Subsidiaries.

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                  "Native American Authorizations" is defined in Section
8.1.23(a).

                  "Non-Regulated Construction Work in Process Amount" means the
total amount expended but not yet billed by Seller for non-regulated
construction work not completed prior to the Closing Date, minus any
Construction Advances outstanding as of the Closing Date. The Non-Regulated
Construction Work in Process Amount shall be billable by Buyer to third parties
after the Closing Date under open customer orders or other agreements.

                  "Non-Union Welfare Plans" is defined in Section 11.2.3(a).

                  "Optional Services Agreement" is defined in Section 9.2.

                  "Owned Real Property" means the real property owned in fee by
Seller or its Affiliates and used primarily in the operation of the Business,
including all land, buildings, structures, appurtenances and improvements
located thereon.

                  "PBGC" means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.

                  "Pension Assets" is defined in Section 11.2.1(d)(i).

                  "Periodic Taxes" is defined in Section 10.5.

                  "Permitted Encumbrances" means (i) liens for current taxes and
assessments not yet delinquent, or the amount or validity of which is being
contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings during which collection or
enforcement against the relevant property is stayed, (ii) standard utility
easements, and covenants, conditions and restrictions of record that do not
individually or in the aggregate materially interfere with the operation of the
present Business on, or materially detract from the value of, the Owned Real
Property affected thereby, (iii) mechanics', carriers', workers', repairers' and
other statutory liens, (iv) existing zoning or similar laws or ordinances that
do not interfere with the operation of the Business, (v) leases otherwise
disclosed herein, and (vi) any other Liens and, in the case of Owned Real
Property, any title defects or exceptions, that do not materially interfere with
the operations of the Purchased Property in a manner consistent with the current
use by Seller or that do not materially detract from the value of, or materially
impair the marketability of, the Purchased Property affected.

                  "Person" means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust,
association, limited liability company or similar entity or organization.

                  "Plans" is defined in Section 8.1.16(a).

                  "Pole Attachment Agreement" is defined in Section 8.1.11(j).

                  "Proration Periods" is defined in Section 10.5.

                  "Purchase Price" is defined in Section 3.3(c).

                  "Purchased Exchanges" means the telephone exchanges listed in
Schedule 1.1-C and any cross-border community served from any such exchange.

                                       -7-

<PAGE>

                  "Purchased Property" is defined in Section 2.2.

                  "Real Property Interests" means all easements, rights of way,
licenses or other interests in real property of Seller or its Affiliates that
are used primarily in the operation of the Business, other than Owned Real
Property or Leased Real Property.

                  "Real Property Leases" means the Leases set forth on Schedule
8.1.8.

                  "Regulated Material" means (i) any "hazardous substance" as
defined in CERCLA, (ii) any petroleum or petroleum substance, and (iii) any
other pollutant, waste, contaminant, or other substance regulated under
Environmental Requirements.

                  "Regulatory Approvals" is defined in Section 4.1.

                  "Regulatory Obligation Amount" is defined in Section 3.1.

                  "Retained Books and Records" means, collectively, all
corporate records and stock books of Seller and its Affiliates, the general
ledger, all records required by Law to be retained by Seller and all books and
records relating to (i) Tax Returns and Tax records, (ii) Excluded Property,
(iii) attorney work product, and (iv) the Retained Liabilities.

                  "Retained Future Regulatory Obligations" is defined in Section
2.4.1(g).

                  "Retained Liabilities" is defined in Section 2.4.2.

                  "SEC Financial Statements" is defined in Section 5.5.

                  "Seller Hourly Pension Plan" is defined in Section
11.2.1(a)(ii).

                  "Seller Pension" is defined in Section 11.2.1(c)(iii)(B).

                  "Seller Pension Plan" and "Seller Pension Plans" are defined
in Section 11.2.1(a)(ii).

                  "Seller Salaried Pension Plan" is defined in Section
11.2.1(a)(i).

                  "Seller Savings Plans" are defined in Section 11.2.2(a).

                  "Seller Welfare Plans" is defined in Section 11.2.3(a).

                  "Seller's Actuary" is defined in Section 11.2.1(d)(ii).

                  "Seller's Closing Certificate" is defined in Section 6.1.1.

                  "Switch Software" shall mean software currently used by Seller
to operate telecommunications switching equipment that is part of the Telephone
Plant.

                  "System Date" is defined in Section 8.1.22(c).

                                       -8-

<PAGE>
                  "Tax Returns" means a report, return or other information
statement required to be supplied to or filed with a Governmental Authority with
respect to Taxes.

                  "Tax(es)" means any foreign, federal, state, county or local
income, sales, use, transfer, excise, franchise, stamp duty, custom duty, real
and personal property, gross receipt, capital stock, business and occupation,
disability, employment, payroll, recording, ad valorem, unemployment
compensation, profits, registration, social security, estimated, add-on,
minimum, or withholding tax relating to the Business or the Purchased Exchanges
and any interest and penalties and additions to such taxes (civil or criminal)
related thereto or to the nonpayment thereof and related notarial fees.

                  "Telephone Plant" means (i) Owned Real Property, (ii) Real
Property Interests, and (iii) the machinery, equipment, inventory, vehicles and
all other assets and properties used primarily in the operation of the Business,
including all plant, systems, structures, construction work in progress,
telephone cable (whether in service or under construction), microwave facilities
(including frequency spectrum assignment), telephone line facilities, machinery,
furniture, fixtures, tools, implements, conduits, stations, substations,
equipment (including central office equipment, subscriber station equipment and
other equipment in general), instruments and house wiring connections. Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, Telephone Plant includes the assets
used primarily in the operation of the Business that would be properly included
in the fixed assets referenced in Part 32 of the FCC Rules and Regulations (47
CFR, Part 32), as such accounts are reflected in Schedule 8.1.17.

                  "Third Party Claim" is defined in Section 12.4(a).

                  "Third Party Intellectual Property" means Intellectual
Property owned by any Person, other than Seller, without regard as to whether
Seller has any rights therein or the right to assign such rights to Buyer.

                  "Third Party Intellectual Property Contracts" is defined in
Section 10.1.4.

                  "Total Service Pension" is defined in Section
11.2.1(c)(iii)(B).

                  "Transaction Taxes" is defined in Section 10.11.

                  "Transferred Books and Records" means all of Seller's or its
Affiliates' customer or subscriber lists and records, accounts and billing
records, plans, blueprints, specifications, drawings, surveys, engineering
reports, personnel records of Transferred Employees (where applicable) and all
other documents, computer data and records, in each case relating primarily to
the operation of the Business, except for the Retained Books and Records.

                  "Transferred Employees" is defined in Section 11.1.

                  "Transition Services Agreement" is defined in Section 9.1.

                  "Uncollectible Factor" is defined in Section 10.16(b).

                  "Year 2000 Compliant" is defined in Section 8.1.22(c).

                                       -9-

<PAGE>

         1.2 Interpretation.

                  (a) Unless the context otherwise requires, (i) all references
to Sections, Articles or Schedules are to Sections, Articles or Schedules of or
to this Agreement, (ii) each accounting term not otherwise defined in this
Agreement has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP, (iii) all
references to the "knowledge" of Seller are deemed to refer to the actual
knowledge of the Executive Officers of Seller, (iv) all references to the
"knowledge" of Buyer or "knowledge" obtained by Buyer are deemed to refer to the
actual knowledge of the Executive Officers of Buyer, except as otherwise
provided herein, (v) the term "primarily" means primarily or exclusively, and
(vi) the term "including" means including without limitation.

                  (b) No provision of this Agreement will be interpreted in
favor of or against either of the parties by reason of the extent to which any
such party or its counsel participated in the drafting thereof or by reason of
the extent to which any such provision is inconsistent with any prior draft of
such provision or of this Agreement.

                                   ARTICLE 2
                           PURCHASE AND SALE OF ASSETS

         2.1 Purchase and Sale of Assets. Upon the terms and subject to the
conditions of this Agreement, Seller hereby agrees to sell, convey, transfer,
assign and deliver to Buyer and Buyer hereby agrees to purchase, acquire and
accept from Seller, in each case effective as of the Closing, all of Seller's
and each of its Affiliates' right, title and interest in and to the Purchased
Property.

         2.2 Purchased Property. The term "Purchased Property" means all the
following business, properties, assets and rights of Seller and its Affiliates
on the Closing Date, other than the Excluded Property:

                      (i)      Telephone Plant;
                      (ii)     Earned End-User Accounts Receivable;
                      (iii)    Material and Supply Inventories;
                      (iv)     Non-Regulated Construction Work in Process;
                      (v)      FCC Licenses and Assigned Permits;
                      (vi)     Assigned Contracts;
                      (vii)    Transferred Books and Records;
                      (viii)   Real Property Leases; and
                      (ix)     all other business, property, assets, work
                               in process and rights of Seller on the
                               Closing Date not described above that relate
                               primarily to the Purchased Exchanges.

         2.3 Excluded Property. For purposes of this Agreement, "Excluded
Property" means the following:

                  (a) Cash, cash equivalents and investments;

                                      -10-

<PAGE>

                  (b) All rights of Seller and its Affiliates under this
Agreement, the Ancillary Documents and the certificates and other documents
delivered to Seller by Buyer in connection with this Agreement;

                  (c) All records prepared in connection with the sale of the
Business, including bids received from third parties and analysis relating to
the Business;

                  (d) All rights related to the Retained Liabilities;

                  (e) The Retained Books and Records;

                  (f) Seller's and its Affiliates' interests in any business
other than the Business, including the provision of wireless service (cellular
and PCS), long distance and internet service or internet related services,
air-to-ground communications (air phone service), and any Excluded Permits
related thereto, and all assets of Seller and its Affiliates used in connection
with any such business or related thereto, and all assets used by Seller and its
Affiliates in rendering corporate services to Seller or the Business that are
located outside the geographic area comprising the Purchased Exchanges;

                  (g) Such other assets (i.e., encryption decoder devices, AWAS
terminals, SODA, etc.), if any, as set forth on Schedule 2.3(g);

                  (h) The Excluded Contracts;

                  (i) The Excluded Marks;

                  (j) All Intellectual Property, including the Licensed
Intellectual Property and Third Party Intellectual Property (except for such
rights to possess and use Third Party Intellectual Property as may be assigned
in accordance with Section 10.1.4); and

                  (k) All of Seller's and its Affiliates' insurance proceeds
arising in connection with the operation of the Business or the Purchased
Property prior to the Closing.

         2.4 Assumption of Liabilities.

              2.4.1 Assumed Liabilities. Upon the terms and subject to the
conditions of this Agreement, Buyer hereby agrees to assume, as of the Closing
Date, and agrees to pay, perform and discharge when due, all liabilities,
responsibilities and obligations, beginning on the day following the Closing
Date, relating to the Purchased Property other than the Retained Liabilities
(subject to any different allocation of liability set forth in clauses (b), (c),
(g) and (h) below) (the "Assumed Liabilities"), including the following:

                  (a) Ordinary Course. All liabilities, responsibilities and
obligations (including Taxes), arising out of or accruing or resulting from the
use or ownership of the Purchased Property in the ordinary course after the
Closing Date;

                  (b) Employment Matters. All liabilities, responsibilities and
obligations of Buyer as provided in Article 11 with respect to Transferred
Employees;

                                      -11-

<PAGE>
                  (c) Assigned Contracts, Real Property Interests and Real
Property Leases. All liabilities, responsibilities and obligations that arise in
connection with the performance of the Assigned Contracts, Real Property
Interests and the Real Property Leases, other than performance obligations of
Seller that mature prior to the Closing Date;

                  (d) Joint Construction Projects. All liabilities,
responsibilities and obligations to third parties that relate to arrangements
and commitments between Seller and a third party for the construction of mutual
transmission facilities between various switching points included in the
Purchased Exchanges;

                  (e) Construction in Progress. All liabilities,
responsibilities and obligations relating to post-Closing engineering and
construction required to complete scheduled construction and other capital
expenditure projects for the Purchased Exchanges;

                  (f) Customer Deposits and Construction Advances. All
liabilities, responsibilities and obligations relating to Customer Advances,
Customer Deposits and Construction Advances;

                  (g) Future Regulatory Obligations. All liabilities,
responsibilities and obligations, other than Future Capital Expenditure
Obligations, related to the Purchased Exchanges arising out of any rule,
regulation, law, mandate, decision or order of the FCC or the ICC after the
Closing Date regardless of whether the action taken by such Governmental
Authority is or purports to be based on conduct or actions that occurred at any
time prior to the Closing Date ("Future Regulatory Obligations"); provided that
Buyer shall not be liable for any such Future Regulatory Obligation arising
directly out of any intentional misconduct or material misstatement to the ICC
by Seller that occurred prior to the Closing Date, except for such statements as
may be based on reasonable interpretations of existing ICC regulations and
current industry practice ("Retained Future Regulatory Obligations");

                  (h) Future Capital Expenditure Obligations. All liabilities,
responsibilities and obligations related to the Purchased Exchanges arising out
of any rule, regulation, law, mandate, decision or order of the FCC or the ICC
(i) issued at any time and requiring any capital expenditure after the Closing
Date, regardless of whether the action taken by such Governmental Authority is
or purports to be based on conduct, facts or actions that occurred at any time
prior to the Closing Date ("Future Capital Expenditure Obligations"); and (ii)
issued after the date of this Agreement and requiring any capital expenditure
after the date of this Agreement, regardless of whether the action taken by such
Governmental Authority is or purports to be based on conduct, facts or actions
that occurred at any time prior to the date of this Agreement ("Interim Capital
Expenditure Obligations"); provided that (i) Seller shall retain liability for
Interim Capital Expenditure Obligations incurred prior to Closing to the extent
related to (A) FCC or ICC orders that impose capital expenditure obligations as
a result of Seller's overearnings, (B) Seller's efforts to comply with FCC or
ICC rules, regulations, laws, mandates, decisions or orders existing as of the
date of this Agreement, or (C) capital expenditures already planned by Seller;
and (ii) Seller shall retain liability for all other Interim Capital Expenditure
Obligations to the extent Seller is fully reimbursed by Buyer at Closing for
such obligations. Prior to the Closing Date, Seller shall notify Buyer of all
potential Future or Interim Capital Expenditure Obligations within a reasonable
time after publication of said obligations by a Governmental Authority; and

                                      -12-

<PAGE>

                  (i) Litigation and Claims. All liabilities and obligations
arising out of (i) litigation and claims that arise out of an occurrence after
the Closing Date, (ii) litigation and claims in respect of Future Regulatory
Obligations (other than Retained Future Regulatory Obligations) regardless of
when filed, and (iii) claims of a Governmental Authority arising from or related
to a Future Regulatory Obligation (other than Retained Future Regulatory
Obligations).

Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2.4.1 to the contrary, "Assumed
Liabilities" shall not include any liabilities, responsibilities or obligations
expressly included in Retained Liabilities pursuant to Section 2.4.2.

              2.4.2 Retained Liabilities. Seller shall retain and shall pay,
perform and discharge when due, the following liabilities, responsibilities and
obligations of Seller (the "Retained Liabilities"):

                  (a) Subject to Section 10.5, all trade payables and other
accrued payment obligations of Seller as of the Closing Date;

                  (b) All long-term debt of Seller (including indebtedness to
the Bondholders) and debt of Seller owed to any one or more of its Affiliates;

                  (c) Subject to Section 10.5, all Taxes relating to the
operation of the Business on or before the Closing Date or the use, ownership or
operation of the Purchased Property on or before the Closing Date;

                  (d) Except to the extent otherwise provided in Article 11, all
liabilities and obligations arising on or before the Closing Date with respect
to the Transferred Employees, including (i) all liabilities responsibilities and
obligations arising on or before the Closing Date relating to collective
bargaining agreements or other union contracts, and (ii) any such liabilities or
obligations that arise after the Closing Date to the extent that such
liabilities and obligations relate to facts, circumstances or conditions arising
or occurring on or before the Closing Date, but excluding any Future Regulatory
Obligations with respect to the Transferred Employees;

                  (e) All liabilities, responsibilities and obligations arising
out of litigation and claims that arise out of an occurrence prior to the
Closing Date other than litigation and claims in respect of Future Regulatory
Obligations (other than Retained Future Regulatory Obligations);

                  (f) Any Retained Future Regulatory Obligations; and

                  (g) All liabilities, responsibilities and obligations with
respect to the Excluded Property and the Excluded Contracts.

              2.5 No Assignment Without Consent. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary contained in this Agreement, to the extent that the sale, conveyance,
transfer, assignment or delivery or attempted sale, conveyance, transfer,

                                      -13-

<PAGE>

assignment or delivery to Buyer of any Purchased Property (including any
Contract) is prohibited by any applicable Law or would require any governmental
or third-party authorizations, approvals, consents or waivers and such
authorizations, approvals, consents or waivers shall not have been obtained
prior to the Closing, this Agreement shall not constitute a sale, conveyance,
transfer, assignment or delivery, or an attempted sale, conveyance, transfer,
assignment or delivery thereof, if any of the foregoing would constitute a
breach of applicable Law or the rights of any third party; provided, however,
that, except to the extent that a condition to Closing set forth in Article 6
relating to the foregoing shall not be satisfied, the Closing shall occur
notwithstanding the foregoing without any adjustment to the Purchase Price on
account of such required authorization. Following the Closing, the parties shall
use their commercially reasonable efforts, and shall cooperate with each other,
to obtain promptly such authorizations, approvals, consents or waivers;
provided, however, that neither Seller nor Buyer nor any of their respective
Affiliates shall be required to pay any consideration therefor, other than
filing, recordation or similar fees payable to any Governmental Authority, which
fees shall be shared equally by Seller and Buyer. Pending or in the absence of
such authorization, approval, consent or waiver, the parties shall cooperate
with each other in any reasonable and lawful arrangements to provide to Buyer
the benefits and liabilities of use of such Purchased Property, including, if
permitted by the terms of any Real Property Lease or applicable Material
Contract, through a sublease or subcontract in accordance with Section 4.3. If
such authorization, approval, consent or waiver for the sale, conveyance,
transfer, assignment or delivery of any such Purchased Property is obtained,
Seller shall promptly convey, transfer, assign and deliver, or cause to be
conveyed, transferred, assigned and delivered, such Purchased Property to Buyer.

                                   ARTICLE 3
                                 PURCHASE PRICE

         3.1 Purchase Price. The purchase price for the Purchased Property shall
be the sum of (i) Three Hundred and Three Million dollars ($303,000,000) (the
"Base Purchase Price"), (ii) amounts expended by Seller to comply with Interim
Capital Expenditure Obligations (the "Regulatory Obligation Amount"), and (iii)
the Non-Regulated Construction Work in Process Amount. Payments from Buyer to
Seller for Earned End-User Accounts Receivable and from Seller to Buyer for
Customer Advances and Customer Deposits will occur subsequent to Closing in
accordance with Article 10.

         3.2 Closing Date Estimate.

                  (a) Not less than three (3) business days prior to the Closing
Date, Seller will give to Buyer a notice, setting forth Seller's good faith
estimate as of the Closing Date of (i) the Regulatory Obligation Amount (the
"Estimated Regulatory Obligation Amount") and (ii) the Non-Regulated
Construction Work in Process Amount (the "Estimated Non-Regulated Construction
Work in Process Amount").

                  (b) On the Closing Date, Buyer shall pay to Seller the sum of
(i) the Base Purchase Price, (ii) the Estimated Regulatory Obligation Amount,
and (iii) the Estimated Non-Regulated Construction Work in Process Amount, (the
"Closing Date Amount"). The Closing Date Amount shall be paid by delivery on the
Closing Date of immediately available funds in U.S. dollars by wire transfer to
an account that Seller shall designate to Buyer at least two (2) business days
prior to the Closing Date.

                                      -14-

<PAGE>

         3.3 Closing Date Statement.

                  (a) Within sixty (60) days after Closing Date, Seller shall
prepare and deliver to Buyer a written statement of the Base Purchase Price,
Regulatory Obligation Amount and the Non-Regulated Construction Work in Process
Amount ("Closing Date Statement").

                  (b) Within fifteen (15) days after receipt of the Closing Date
Statement, Buyer shall, in a written notice to Seller, either accept the Closing
Date Statement or describe in reasonable detail any proposed adjustments to the
Closing Date Statement and the reasons therefore. If Seller shall not have
received a notice of proposed adjustments within such fifteen (15) day period,
Buyer will be deemed irrevocably to have accepted such Closing Date Statement.

                  (c) Upon the acceptance of any Closing Date Statement by
Buyer, the parties shall, based thereupon, calculate the amount equal to the sum
of the Base Purchase Price, Regulatory Obligation Amount and Non-Regulated
Construction Work in Process Amount (collectively, the "Purchase Price"). If the
Purchase Price as finally determined above is greater than the Closing Date
Amount, Buyer shall promptly, but no later than three (3) business days after
such acceptance, pay to Seller the amount of such difference. If the Purchase
Price as determined above is less than the Closing Date Amount, Seller shall
promptly, but no later than three (3) business days after such acceptance, pay
to Buyer the amount of such difference.

                  (d) Seller and Buyer shall negotiate in good faith to resolve
any disputes over any proposed adjustments to the Closing Date Statement,
provided that if any such dispute is not resolved within thirty (30) days
following Seller's receipt of the proposed adjustments, Buyer and Seller jointly
shall select an independent public accounting firm that is nationally recognized
in the United States to resolve such disputes in accordance with the standards
set forth in this Section 3.3, which resolution shall be final and binding. The
fees and expenses of such accounting firm shall be shared by Buyer and Seller in
inverse proportion to the relative amounts of the disputed amount determined to
be for the account of Buyer and Seller, respectively.

                  (e) If Buyer disputes any portion of the Closing Date
Statement, the parties shall calculate the portion of the Closing Statement that
is not the subject of any dispute or proposed adjustment. If the undisputed
portion of the Closing Statement (A) is greater than the respective estimated
amounts paid on the Closing Date, Buyer shall promptly pay Seller the amount of
such difference, or (B) is less than the respective estimated amounts paid on
the Closing Date, Seller shall promptly pay Buyer the amount of such difference.
Payments with respect to any undisputed portions of these adjustments shall be
made no later than three (3) business days after delivery of notice of the
proposed adjustments. Upon resolution of any dispute over any proposed
adjustments as described above in Section 3.3(d), a party which is determined to
owe the other party an amount shall pay that amount promptly, but no later than
three (3) business days after resolution.

                                      -15-

<PAGE>

                  (f) Any amount paid pursuant to this Section 3.3 after the
Closing Date shall bear interest from the Closing Date through but excluding the
date of payment, at a rate of eight percent (8%) per annum. Such interest shall
accrue daily on the basis of a year of three hundred sixty-five (365) days and
the actual number of days for which due and shall be payable together with the
amount payable pursuant to this Section 3.3. All amounts payable pursuant to
this Section 3.3 shall be paid by delivery of immediately available funds in
U.S. dollars by wire transfer to, in the case of amounts payable by Buyer, the
account identified by Seller as described in 3.2 above or to an alternate
account that Seller may designate on the Closing Date Statement and, in the case
of amounts payable by Seller, to such account of Buyer as Buyer shall designate
in writing to Seller.

                                   ARTICLE 4
                 REQUIRED APPROVALS, CONSENTS AND NOTIFICATIONS

         4.1 State Regulatory Approval. Promptly after the date of this
Agreement, Buyer and Seller shall file the appropriate applications and notices
with the Illinois Commerce Commission (collectively, the "ICC"), seeking orders
permitting the transfer of service in the Purchased Exchanges to Buyer
(collectively, the "Regulatory Approvals"). Buyer will be responsible for
establishing the tariff for its post-Closing operations in the Purchased
Exchanges. Each party agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts to
obtain the Regulatory Approvals and the parties agree to cooperate fully with
each other and with the applicable regulatory agency to obtain the Regulatory
Approvals at the earliest practicable date.

         4.2 Debtholder Consents. Seller shall use its commercially reasonable
efforts to obtain from its Bondholders the termination or release, at Closing,
of all security agreements, mortgages and financing statements relating to the
Purchased Property (such termination or release being hereinafter referred to as
the "Debtholder Consents").

         4.3 Landlord and Other Consents. Promptly after the date hereof, the
parties shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to mutually seek the
consent of (i) the lessor to any Leased Real Property that requires consent as a
condition to an assignment of the lease (which consents are identified in
Schedule 8.1.8) and (ii) the applicable third party with respect to certain
Material Contracts that require consent as a condition to assignment of such
Material Contract (which consents are identified on Schedule 8.1.11). If a
lessor refuses to consent to such an assignment, and if the applicable lease or
Material Contract permits a sublease or subcontract without the consent of the
lessor or other third party, the parties hereto shall, effective as of the
Closing, enter into a sublease or subcontract upon terms and conditions as
similar and comparable to an assignment of the lease or Material Contract as is
reasonably feasible.

         4.4 FCC Consents. Promptly after the date of this Agreement, the
parties shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to obtain (i) the FCC's
consent to the transfer of the FCC Licenses from Seller to Buyer, and (ii) the
FCC waivers set forth on Schedule 4.4 (all such consents or waivers are
collectively referred to as the "FCC Consents").

         4.5 HSR Act Review. Within thirty (30) days after the date hereof, or
such later date as the parties may mutually agree, the parties will make such
filings as may be required by the HSR Act with respect to the transactions

                                      -16-

<PAGE>

contemplated by this Agreement. Thereafter, the parties will file as promptly as
practicable all reports or other documents required or requested by the U.S.
Federal Trade Commission or the U.S. Department of Justice pursuant to the HSR
Act or otherwise and will comply promptly with any requests by the Federal Trade
Commission or the U.S. Justice Department for additional information concerning
such transactions, so that the waiting period specified in the HSR Act will
expire as soon as reasonably possible after the execution and delivery of this
Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing, Seller and Buyer agree to use their
commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate and oppose any preliminary
injunction sought by any Governmental Authority preventing the consummation of
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Buyer agrees to pay all
application fees required in connection with any filings under the HSR Act.

                  Seller and Buyer shall cause their respective counsel to
furnish each other such necessary information and reasonable assistance as the
other may reasonably request in connection with its preparation of necessary
filings or submissions under the provisions of the HSR Act. Seller and Buyer
will cause their respective counsel to supply to each other copies of all
correspondence, filings or written communications by such party or its
Affiliates with any Governmental Authority or staff members thereof, with
respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any related or
contemplated transactions, except for documents filed pursuant to Item 4(c) of
the Hart-Scott-Rodino Notification and Report Form or communications regarding
the same documents or information submitted in response to any request for
additional information or documents pursuant to the HSR Act which reveal
Seller's or Buyer's negotiating objectives or strategies or purchase price
expectations.

         4.6 GTE/Bell Atlantic Merger. Notwithstanding anything else contained
in this Agreement, but without modification of the rights of Buyer under
Sections 6.1, 11.6.2, 12.2(a) or 13.1, Seller shall not be obligated to take any
action that would violate the terms of its agreements regarding the Merger, or
that would interfere with, delay or prevent the consummation of the Merger. In
the event that the Closing does not occur as a direct result of the Merger, and
not through any fault of Buyer, Seller's liability to Buyer under this Agreement
shall be limited to the amount of Buyer's reasonable out-of-pocket expenses
incurred in connection with this Agreement.

                                   ARTICLE 5
                              PRE-CLOSING COVENANTS

         5.1 Investigation by Buyer. Prior to the Closing, upon reasonable
notice from Buyer to Seller given in accordance with this Agreement and subject
to approval by Seller's appointed representative, Seller will afford to the
authorized representatives of Buyer reasonable access during normal business
hours to the Transferred Books and Records, the Owned Real Property the Leased
Real Property and the other Purchased Property so as to afford Buyer the
opportunity to make such review, examination and investigation of the Business
and the Purchased Property as Buyer may reasonably request; provided, however,
that no environmental sampling or other testing shall be performed without
Seller's prior written consent, which consent may be given or withheld in
Seller's sole discretion. Buyer will not contact any employee, customer or
supplier of Seller with respect to this Agreement, the matters involved herein
or the Purchased Property without the prior written consent of Seller. Nothing

                                      -17-

<PAGE>

herein will obligate Seller to take actions that would unreasonably disrupt the
normal course of the business of Seller or violate the terms of any applicable
Law or any Contract to which Seller or any of its Affiliates is a party or to
which any of its assets is subject. Any information or documentation provided to
Buyer or acquired by Buyer during this investigation shall be deemed "Evaluation
Material" as that term is defined in the Confidentiality Agreement and shall be
subject in all cases to the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement.

         5.2 Operation of the Business in the Ordinary Course.

              5.2.1 Preservation of Business. Except as contemplated on Schedule
5.2.1 or as otherwise consented to by Buyer prior to the Closing, from the date
of this Agreement until the Closing Seller shall:

                  (a) Conduct the Business in the ordinary course consistent
with past practice and shall keep available to the Business its services and the
services of its Affiliates to the same extent generally available on the date
hereof;

                  (b) Operate the Business in substantially the same manner as
it is presently being conducted, and, with respect to the Business, refrain from
entering into any Contract that would be a Material Contract other than in the
ordinary course of business;

                  (c) Not institute any proceeding with respect to, or otherwise
change, amend or supplement any of its tariffs or make any other filings with
the ICC except in the ordinary course of business, and except as disclosed on
Schedule 8.1.15(a);

                  (d) Maintain the Purchased Property in good repair, order and
condition, reasonable wear and use excepted, and maintain the Materials and
Supply Inventory in the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practice;

                  (e) Maintain insurance with respect to the Purchased Property
consistent with past practice;

                  (f) Make capital expenditures sufficient to support normal
maintenance and customer growth in the Purchased Exchanges in a manner
consistent with established regulatory performance objectives, which
expenditures from January 1, 1999 through the Closing Date shall not be less
than $6,000,000 plus $500,000 per month for each full month of the year 2000
which has elapsed prior to the Closing Date; and

                  (g) Maintain the books and records of the Business
substantially in accordance with prior practice, except as changes are mandated
by Governmental Authorities or required by GAAP.

              5.2.2 No Material Changes. Except as contemplated by this
Agreement or as otherwise consented to by Buyer prior to the Closing, from the
date of this Agreement until the Closing, Seller will not:

                  (a) Make any material change in the general nature of the
Business;

                                      -18-

<PAGE>

                  (b) Sell, lease or dispose of, or make any Contract for the
sale, lease or disposition of any Purchased Property, other than in the ordinary
course of business;

                  (c) Increase the benefit provided under any plans concerning
employee benefits or increase the general rates of compensation of its
Transferred Employees, except (i) as required by Law, (ii) pursuant to any
Contract to which Seller is a party existing on the date hereof and listed on
Schedule 5.2.2(c), (iii) increases in base pay in the ordinary course of
business of Seller and in amounts consistent with the recent past practices of
Seller, or (iv) as listed or described on Schedule 5.2.2(c);

                  (d) (i) Materially amend, modify or terminate any Material
Contract or permit any of the foregoing to occur other than in the ordinary
course of business; or (ii) sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any Purchased
Property other than in the ordinary course of business or as listed or described
on Schedule 5.2.2(d), or encumber any Purchased Property, except for Permitted
Encumbrances; or

                  (e) Enter into any new written employment agreement, or union
agreement with, or commitment to, the Transferred Employees (including any new
commitment to pay retirement or other benefits or other amendments to Seller's
retirement plans), provided that Seller may enter into new union agreements to
the extent the new union agreements succeed any union agreement that expires
prior to the Closing. Prior to finalizing any such new union agreement, Seller
shall advise Buyer of its material terms and following the execution of any such
agreement, Seller shall deliver a copy to Buyer.

         5.3 Satisfaction of Conditions. Without limiting the generality or
effect of any provision of Article 6, the parties will use their commercially
reasonable efforts to satisfy promptly all the conditions required to be
satisfied prior to the Closing.

         5.4 Approvals.

                  (a) Between the date of this Agreement and the Closing Date,
Buyer and Seller will (i) cooperate with one another and take all reasonable
steps to obtain, as promptly as practicable, all consents, approvals,
authorizations, waivers and permits of any Governmental Authorities required of
either party to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and
(ii) provide such other information and communications to any Governmental
Authority as may be reasonably requested.

                  (b) To the extent that any consents, approvals, authorization
or waiver of a third party with respect to any (i) Assigned Contract, (ii)
Assigned Permit or (iii) any Pole Attachment Agreement, government grant or
railroad crossing agreement listed on Schedule 8.1.18, is required in connection
with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, Seller shall use its
commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such authorization, consent, approval
or waiver prior to the Closing Date.

         5.5 Audit or Review of Financial Statements. To the extent Buyer
requires an additional audit or review of financial statements with respect to
the Business in order to comply with the reporting requirements of the
Securities and Exchange Commission under Regulations S-K and S-X, Seller will

                                      -19-

<PAGE>

cooperate with the independent auditors chosen by Buyer to audit or review the
Financial Statements delivered by Buyer in accordance with Section 8.1.21 and
such other financial statements as may be required by Buyer to comply with
Regulations S-K and S-X (collectively, the "SEC Financial Statements"). Seller's
cooperation will include such access to workpapers and other supporting
documents used in the preparation of the SEC Financial Statements and delivery
of one or more representation letters from Seller to such auditors as may be
reasonably required by such auditors to perform an audit in accordance with
generally accepted auditing standards or a review in accordance with AICPA
standards and to render an opinion acceptable to the SEC with respect to the
audit or review of the SEC Financial Statements, it being understood that such
representation letters shall acknowledge (i) Seller's extensive use of estimates
and allocations in the preparation of the SEC Financial Statements, and (ii)
Seller's belief that the SEC Financial Statements represent the financial
condition and results of operations of the Business, in accordance with GAAP,
and that such estimates and allocations were made on a reasonable basis and in
accordance with GAAP. However, Buyer acknowledges that because the Business
represents only a portion of Seller, Buyer is not acquiring significant support
elements located outside the Purchased Exchanges, and Buyer will operate under
new tariffs, carrier contracts and other conditions that will significantly
impact the future revenues of the Business, the Financial Statements may not be
representative of the financial performance of the Business during future
periods. Seller will bear the cost of the preparation of its financial
statements, including the SEC Financial Statements. Buyer will bear the cost of
the preparation of any other financial statements that it will be required to
file with the SEC, as well as the cost of the audit or review of the SEC
Financial Statements. Buyer acknowledges that the SEC Financial Statements and
any supporting documentation have been made available as an indication of the
historical financial performance and condition of the Business. Except to the
extent that the SEC Financial Statements reflect intentional misrepresentation
or fraud, Buyer agrees not to make any claim related to the performance of the
Business after the date of the SEC Financial Statements on the basis of a
comparison to the SEC Financial Statements.

         5.6 Cooperation with Respect to Like-Kind Exchange. Buyer agrees that
Seller's transfer of the Purchased Property may, at Seller's election, be
accomplished in a manner enabling such transfer to qualify as part of a
like-kind exchange of property covered by Section 1031 of the IRC. If Seller so
elects, Buyer shall cooperate with Seller (but without being required to incur
any out-of-pocket costs in the course thereof) in connection with Seller's
efforts to effect such like-kind exchange, which cooperation shall include,
without limitation, taking such actions as Seller requests in order to enable
Seller to qualify such transfer as part of a like-kind exchange of property
covered by Section 1031 of the IRC (including any actions required to facilitate
the use of a "qualified intermediary" within the meaning of the United States
Treasury Regulations), and Buyer agrees that Seller may assign all or part of
its rights (but no obligations) under this Agreement to a person or entity
acting as a qualified intermediary to qualify the transfer of the Purchased
Property as part of a like-kind exchange of property covered by Section 1031 of
the IRC. Buyer and Seller agree in good faith to use reasonable efforts to
coordinate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement with any other
transactions engaged in by either Buyer or Seller; provided that such efforts
are not required to include an unreasonable delay in the consummation of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

                                      -20-

<PAGE>

         5.7 Interconnection Agreements. Seller shall furnish to Buyer such
necessary information as Buyer may reasonably request in connection with Buyer's
replacement of the interconnection agreements relating to the Purchased
Exchanges, including supplying to Buyer copies of such interconnection
agreements to the extent permissible.

         5.8 Leased Vehicles; Capital Leases. Seller or its Affiliates, as
applicable, will pay the remaining balances on any vehicle leases or any capital
leases relating to assets included in the Purchased Property and at Closing will
deliver to Buyer title to such vehicles and assets, free and clear of all Liens.

         5.9 Delivery of Interim Information. From the date of this Agreement
until the Closing, Seller shall furnish Buyer monthly reports concerning the
operating performance of the Business. Such reports shall contain such data as
are typically reported to GTE management with respect to the Purchased
Exchanges, including access line counts and service measures. Seller shall
provide Buyer reasonable access to Seller's management in order to discuss such
data. In the event of any significant deterioration in operating performance,
Seller shall consult with Buyer concerning its response. All information
provided in accordance with this Section 5.9 shall be subject to the
Confidentiality Agreement and to compliance with applicable antitrust Laws.

                                   ARTICLE 6
                       CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO THE CLOSING

         6.1 Conditions Precedent to Obligations of Buyer. The obligations of
Buyer to consummate the Closing shall be subject to the satisfaction or waiver
by Buyer, at or prior to the Closing, of each of the following conditions, any
one or more of which may be waived at the option of Buyer:

         6.1.1 No Misrepresentation or Breach of Covenants and Warranties.
Seller shall have complied in all material respects with its covenants to be
performed in whole or in part prior to the Closing, and the representations and
warranties of Seller in Section 8.1 shall be true and correct as of the Closing,
except for (i) such representations or warranties that are made expressly as of
an earlier date, which shall have been true and correct as of such date except
as would not have a Material Adverse Effect, and, (ii) to the extent that any
breach of such representations and warranties has not, individually or in the
aggregate, had a Material Adverse Effect; and Seller shall have delivered to
Buyer a certificate ("Seller's Closing Certificate") in the form attached as
Schedule 6.1.1, dated the Closing Date and signed by an Executive Officer of
Seller, certifying each of the foregoing, or specifying those respects in which
such covenants have not been performed or such representations and warranties
are not true and correct.

              6.1.2 Documents. Seller shall have delivered to Buyer all
documents required by Section 7.2.

              6.1.3 HSR. All required waiting periods under the HSR Act shall
have expired or been terminated.

                                      -21-

<PAGE>

              6.1.4 No Legal Obstruction. Each of the required Debtholder
Consents shall have been obtained, and each of the required Regulatory Approvals
and FCC Consents shall have been obtained, free of any special term, condition,
restriction, imposed liability or other provision that is reasonably likely to
have a Material Adverse Effect, and the FCC and ICC shall not otherwise have
taken any action with respect to the Purchased Property that is reasonably
likely to have a Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of this Section 6.1.4,
any tariff that is substantially similar in all material respects to the
existing tariff with respect to the applicable Purchased Exchange shall be
deemed not to have a Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of this Agreement,
all such approvals and consents shall be deemed to have been obtained upon the
granting of a Final Order. In addition, there shall not have been entered a
preliminary or permanent injunction, temporary restraining order or other
judicial or administrative order or decree in any competent jurisdiction, the
effect of which prohibits the Closing.

              6.1.5 No Material Adverse Effect. There shall not have occurred
any event or condition which individually or in the aggregate has resulted in a
Material Adverse Effect.

         6.2 Conditions Precedent to Obligations of Seller. The obligations of
Seller to consummate the Closing shall be subject to the satisfaction or waiver
by Seller, at or prior to the Closing, of each of the following conditions:

              6.2.1 No Misrepresentation or Breach of Covenants and Warranties.
Buyer shall have complied in all material respects with its covenants to be
performed in whole or in part prior to the Closing, and the representations and
warranties of Buyer in Section 8.2 shall be true and correct in all material
respects as of the Closing, except (i) for such representations or warranties
made expressly as of and only as of an earlier date, which shall be true and
correct as of such date except as would not have a Material Adverse Effect, and
(ii) to the extent that any breach of such representations and warranties has
not, individually or in the aggregate, had a Material Adverse Effect; and Buyer
shall have delivered to Seller a certificate ("Buyer's Closing Certificate") in
the form attached as Schedule 6.2.1, dated the Closing Date and signed by an
Executive Officer of Buyer, certifying each of the foregoing or specifying those
respects in which such covenants have not been performed or such representations
and warranties are not true and correct.

              6.2.2 Documents. Buyer shall have delivered to Seller all
documents required by Section 7.3.

              6.2.3 Purchase Price. Buyer shall have delivered to Seller, in the
manner specified in Section 3.1, the Closing Date Amount.

              6.2.4 HSR. All required waiting periods under the HSR Act shall
have expired or been terminated.

              6.2.5 No Legal Obstruction. Each of the required Debtholder
Consents shall have been obtained, and each of the required Regulatory Approvals
and FCC Consents shall have been obtained free of any special terms, conditions
or restrictions that are materially adverse to Seller based upon good faith
business concerns that are not commercially unreasonable (other than any such
approvals or consents which, if not obtained, would not have a Material Adverse

                                      -22-

<PAGE>

Effect). For purposes of this Agreement, all such approvals and consents shall
be deemed to have been obtained upon the granting of a Final Order. In addition,
there shall not have been entered a preliminary or permanent injunction,
temporary restraining order or other judicial or administrative order or decree
in any jurisdiction, the effect of which prohibits the Closing.

                                   ARTICLE 7
                                   THE CLOSING

         7.1 The Closing. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement,
the closing of the purchase and sale of the Purchased Property and the
assumption of the Assumed Liabilities (the "Closing") shall be held at 9 A.M.
local time at the offices of GTE Network Services at 600 Hidden Ridge, Irving,
Texas 75038, on the date agreed upon by the parties, provided such date shall be
(i) the last business day of the month, and (ii) at least five (5) business
days, but not more than ninety (90) days, after the date that all required
Regulatory Approvals, Debtholder Consents and FCC Consents have been obtained,
or at such other time and place as the parties may agree (the "Closing Date").
Such Closing shall be deemed to have occurred as of 11:59 p.m., local time, on
the Closing Date.

         7.2 Seller's Obligations at Closing. At the Closing, Seller shall
deliver to Buyer the following documents:

                  (a) (i) Bill of Sale and Assignment and Assumption Agreement,
(ii) subject to Permitted Encumbrances (except as provided in Section 10.10),
special warranty deeds or their equivalent in respect of the Owned Real Property
and assignments of Real Property Leases to the extent any required consents have
been obtained pursuant to Section 4.3, and (iii) subject to Section 2.5,
assignments of the Assigned Contracts, the Real Property Interests and the
Assigned Permits. For purposes of this Agreement, the term "Bill of Sale and
Assignment and Assumption Agreement" means the form attached hereto as Schedule
7.2(a) executed by Seller;

                  (b) A legal opinion from William Mundy, general counsel for
GTE Network Services, as counsel for Seller, dated as of the Closing Date and in
the form of Schedule 7.2(b);

                  (c) Seller's Closing Certificate;

                  (d) Instruments of assignment or, to the extent set forth in
Section 4.3, subleases for the Leased Real Property;

                  (e) Mortgage satisfactions, UCC Form 3 Termination Statements
and other instruments necessary to remove, release and terminate all security
interests held by the Bondholders on the Purchased Property;

                  (f) All of the documents and papers required of Seller as
conditions to Closing pursuant to Section 6.1, including the Regulatory
Approvals, Debtholder Consents and FCC Consents;

                                      -23-

<PAGE>

                  (g) A certificate substantially in the form of Schedule 7.2(g)
certifying that Seller is not a "foreign person" within the meaning of Section
1445(b)(2) of the IRC;

                  (h) The License Agreement; and

                  (i) Such other documents and instruments as may be reasonably
necessary to effect the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

         7.3 Buyer's Obligations at Closing. At the Closing, Buyer shall deliver
to Seller the following:

                  (a) The Closing Date Amount in the manner specified in Section
3.2.(b);

                  (b) The Bill of Sale, Assignment and Assumption Agreement,
executed by Buyer;

                  (c) A legal opinion from L. Russell Mitten II, Vice President
and General Counsel of Buyer dated as of the Closing Date and in the form of
Schedule 7.3(c);

                  (d) Buyer's Closing Certificate;

                  (e) All other documents and papers required of Buyer as
conditions of Closing pursuant to Section 6.2, including the Regulatory
Approvals; and

                  (f) Such other documents and instruments as may be reasonably
necessary to effect the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

                                   ARTICLE 8
                         REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

         8.1 Representations and Warranties of Seller. Seller represents and
warrants to Buyer as follows:

8.1.1 Authorization and Effect of Agreement. Seller has the requisite corporate
power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and the Ancillary
Agreements and to perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The
execution and delivery by Seller of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements
and the fulfillment of its obligations under this Agreement and the Ancillary
Agreements have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the
part of Seller. This Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements have been duly
executed and delivered by Seller and, assuming the due execution and delivery of
this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements by Buyer, constitute valid and
binding obligations of Seller enforceable in accordance with their terms subject
to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws
affecting the rights of creditors generally and subject to the exercise of
judicial discretion in accordance with principles of equity.

                                      -24-

<PAGE>

              8.1.2 No Restrictions Against Sale of the Purchased Property. The
execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements by Seller
does not, and the fulfillment by Seller of its obligations under this Agreement
and the Ancillary Agreements will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision
of its certificate of incorporation or bylaws, (ii) subject to obtaining the
approvals and or consents referred to in Section 2.5, Article 4 and Schedule
8.1.11(a-j), conflict with, violate or result in the breach of any provision of
any Material Contract, or (iii) result in the creation of any Lien (other than
Permitted Encumbrances) upon any of the Purchased Property under (a) any
Material Contract or (b) any Law applicable to any of the Purchased Property,
except in the case of clauses (ii) or (iii) for any such conflict, violation,
breach or Lien that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

              8.1.3 Consents and Approvals of Governmental Authorities. No
consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or
filing with, any Governmental Authority is required to be obtained or made by or
with respect to Seller or in connection with the execution and delivery of this
Agreement by Seller or the fulfillment by Seller of its obligations under this
Agreement, except (i) FCC Consents and HSR Act clearance, (ii) the Regulatory
Approvals, and (iii) any consent approval, order or authorization or
registration declaration or filing, which if not obtained or made would not have
a Material Adverse Effect.

              8.1.4 No Material Violations. Except as indicated in Schedule
8.1.4 or as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect,
(a) the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements
and the fulfillment by Seller of its obligations under this Agreement and the
Ancillary Agreements will not violate any applicable Law, and (b) Seller is not
in violation of any Law relating to or affecting the operation, conduct or
ownership of the Business or the Purchased Property.

              8.1.5 Corporate Organization. Seller is composed of two
corporations duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the
laws of the state of Wisconsin and Virginia, and are duly qualified to conduct
business in those states respectively. Seller has full power and authority to
own its properties and to carry on the Business as it is now being conducted and
to own, or hold under lease the Purchased Property. Seller holds valid permits,
licenses, franchises, approvals and authorizations issued or granted by any
Governmental Authority and adequate for the operation of the Business as
currently conducted, except to the extent absence of any such permit, license,
franchise, approval or authorization would not have an Material Adverse Effect.

              8.1.6 Brokers. Seller has not paid or become obligated to pay any
fee or commission to any broker, finder, investment banker or other intermediary
in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in such a
manner as to give rise to a valid claim against Buyer for any broker's or
finder's fees or similar fees or expenses.

              8.1.7 Title to Owned Real Property. Seller has good fee simple
title to all of the Owned Real Property, free and clear of any Lien other than
Permitted Encumbrances and Liens of the Bondholders identified on Schedule
8.1.7(b). As of the date hereof, the address and a general description of each
item of Owned Real Property are set forth on Schedule 8.1.7(a). Seller
represents that the only creditors that have a Lien (other than any Permitted
Encumbrances) on any of the Owned Real Property are the Bondholders identified
on Schedule 8.1.7(b).

                                      -25-

<PAGE>

              8.1.8 Real Property Leases. As of the date hereof, set forth on
Schedule 8.1.8 is a list of the Real Property Leases. Each of the leases for the
Leased Real Property is enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to
bankruptcy, insolvency and other similar laws affecting the rights of creditors
generally and subject to the exercise of judicial discretion in accordance with
the principles of equity, and except as otherwise disclosed in Schedule 8.1.8,
there is not under any lease any material default or a material breach of
covenant by Seller.

              8.1.9 Tangible Assets. Except as set forth on Schedule 8.1.9, all
of the tangible Purchased Property is in substantially good operating condition
and repair, normal wear and tear excepted. Except as set forth on Schedule 8.1.9
or elsewhere in this Agreement, Seller has good title to each item of tangible
Purchased Property (other than Real Property Interests or office equipment or
vehicles subject to leases) with a fair market value in excess of $5,000, free
and clear of any Lien (other than Permitted Encumbrances). Except as set forth
on Schedule 8.1.9, Seller has not received any written notice within the past
twelve (12) months of a violation of any ordinances, regulations or building,
zoning and other similar laws with respect to such assets that would have a
Material Adverse Effect. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THIS SECTION 8.1.9,
SELLER MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE
CONDITION OR FITNESS OF THE TANGIBLE PURCHASED PROPERTY AND HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY
WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR WARRANTY
AGAINST INFRINGEMENT.

              8.1.10 No Material Adverse Change. Except as disclosed in Schedule
8.1.10, between December 31, 1997 and the date of this Agreement there has not
occurred (i) any event or condition that would have a Material Adverse Effect;
(ii) any increase in compensation payable or to become payable by Seller to any
of its Transferred Employees or agents, other than normal merit or promotional
increases other than payment under the retention pay program announced in
connection with the network business repositioning of Seller and its Affiliates;
(iii) any amendment or termination of, or delivery of written notice to amend or
terminate, any Material Contract; or (iv) any material change in any accounting
method, practice or policy of Seller with respect to the Business.

              8.1.11 Material Contracts. Except for the agreements set forth on
Schedule 8.1.11 subparts (b) through (j), there is no Assigned Contract (other
than the Assigned Contracts entered into after the date of this Agreement in the
ordinary course of business) that is:

                  (a) an agreement containing a non-compete agreement or other
covenant that in either case would by its terms limit the freedom of Buyer
following the Closing to compete in any material respect with respect to the
Business with any third party;

                  (b) an agreement granting a Lien (other than a Permitted
Encumbrance);

                  (c) an agreement for the sale of any material Purchased
Property or grant of any preferential rights to purchase any material Purchased
Property;

                  (d) an agreement for the provision of telephone service at
public pay telephone locations;

                                      -26-

<PAGE>

                  (e) an agreement made in the ordinary course of business other
than as set forth above with respect to which the aggregate amount to be
received or paid thereunder with respect to calendar year 1999 is expected to
exceed $100,000 based on the terms of such agreement or on the payments which
have been made under such agreement with respect to calendar year 1998, to the
extent applicable;

                  (f) an agreement not made in the ordinary course of business
with respect to which the aggregate amount to be received or paid thereunder
with respect to calendar year 1999 is expected to exceed $50,000 based on the
terms of such agreement or on the payments which have been made under such
agreement with respect to calendar year 1998, to the extent applicable;

                  (g) an agreement with respect to 911 services or E911
services;

                  (h) an agreement between Seller and a third party for the
construction of mutual transmission facilities between various switching points
included in the Purchased Exchanges;

                  (i) an agreement between Seller and a third party for the
third party's co-location of equipment in facilities included in the Purchased
Property pursuant to which Seller is currently providing facilities or a request
to provide facilities is currently pending; or

                  (j) an agreement with a third party in which the owner of
utility poles has agreed to allow the other party to attach its
telecommunications equipment or facilities to the utility poles (a "Pole
Attachment Agreement").

              Except as set forth on Schedule 8.1.11, to the knowledge of
Seller, each Assigned Contract referred to in any of the clauses (a) to (j)
above (collectively the "Material Contracts") is valid, binding and in full
force and effect and is enforceable by Seller or Seller's Affiliate, as
applicable, in accordance with its terms, except for any such failure to be
valid, binding, in full force and effect or enforceable that is not reasonably
likely to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth on Schedule
8.1.11, to the knowledge of Seller, Seller and Seller's Affiliates have
performed all material obligations required to be performed by them to date
under the Material Contracts, and they are not (with or without the lapse of
time or the giving of notice, or both) in breach or default thereunder and, to
the knowledge of Seller, no other party to any Material Contract is (with or
without the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both) in breach or default
in any respect thereunder, in each case except for such noncompliance, breaches
and defaults that, individually or in the aggregate, are not reasonably likely
to have a Material Adverse Effect. As of the date hereof, neither Seller nor any
Seller's Affiliate has, except as disclosed on Schedule 8.1.11, received or
given any written notice of the intention of any party to terminate any Material
Contract. Complete and correct copies of all the Material Contracts, together
with all modifications and amendments thereto to the date of this Agreement by
Closing will, have been made available to Buyer or its representatives.

              8.1.12 Insurance. The Purchased Property of an insurable nature
and of a character usually insured by companies carrying on similar businesses
is insured under insurance policies or self insured in such amounts and against
such losses or casualties as is usual in Seller's industry. On the Closing Date,
the coverage under the insurance policies and programs applicable to the
Purchased Property will be terminated, and Buyer will be responsible for
providing all insurance coverage for the Purchased Property.

                                      -27-

<PAGE>

              8.1.13 Taxes. Except as disclosed on Schedule 8.1.13, (i) all Tax
Returns required to be filed by Seller on or before the Closing Date have or
will have been filed, and all Taxes shown as due and payable on such Tax Returns
have been or will be paid by Seller when required by law; (ii) no deficiencies
or assessments for any Taxes have been asserted in writing or assessed against
Seller that remain unpaid and that individually or in the aggregate are material
to the Business; (iii) Seller has withheld all required federal, state and local
payroll taxes relating to the Business and has remitted or will remit all
amounts required to be remitted to the appropriate taxing authorities; (iv)
there are no tax liens upon any of the Purchased Property except for statutory
liens covering taxes not yet due and payable; (v) Seller is not a "foreign
person" within the meaning of Section 1445(b)(2) of the IRC and shall provide an
appropriate certificate for purposes of Section 1445(b)(2) of the IRC and (vi)
there are no material, current audits or material audits for which written
notice has been received (in either case, specifically with respect to the
Business).

              8.1.14 No Material Claims or Suits. Except as disclosed in
Schedule 8.1.14 or with respect to Taxes, there are no claims, actions, lawsuits
or legal proceedings pending before any Governmental Authority, or, to the
knowledge of Seller threatened against or affecting the Business or Purchased
Property that in Seller's opinion, if determined adversely to Seller, would
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Business or
materially adversely affect ability of Seller to consummate the transactions
contemplated hereby.

              8.1.15 Tariffs; FCC Licenses.

                  (a) The regulatory tariffs applicable to the Business stand in
full force and effect on the date of this Agreement in accordance with all
terms, and there is no outstanding notice of cancellation or termination or, to
Seller's knowledge, any threatened cancellation or termination in connection
therewith, nor is Seller subject to any restrictions or conditions applicable to
its regulatory tariffs that limit or would limit the operation of the Business
(other than restrictions or conditions generally applicable to tariffs of that
type). Each such tariff has been duly and validly approved by Seller's
regulatory agency. Seller is not in material default under the terms and
conditions of any such tariff and there is no basis for any claim of default by
Seller in any material respect under any such tariff. Except as disclosed on
Schedule 8.1.15(a), there are no applications by Seller or petitions by others
or proceedings pending or threatened before the state regulatory authority
relating to the Business or its operations or the regulatory tariffs, other than
such applications, petitions or proceedings as may be brought in the ordinary
course of business or by end-users. To the knowledge of Seller, there are no
material violations by subscribers or others under any such tariff. A true and
correct copy of each tariff applicable to the Business has been delivered or
made available to Buyer.

                  (b) Listed on Schedule 8.1.15(b) are the FCC Licenses and
other material Assigned Permits (the "Material Permits") held by Seller and used
in the operation of the Business. Except as listed on Schedule 8.1.15(b), to
Seller's knowledge, each such FCC License or Material Permit is in full force
and effect on the date of this Agreement in accordance with its terms, and there

                                      -28-

<PAGE>

is no outstanding notice of cancellation or termination or, to Seller's
knowledge, any threatened cancellation or termination in connection therewith,
nor are any of such FCC Licenses or Material Permits subject to any restrictions
or conditions that limit the operation of the Business (other than restrictions
or conditions generally applicable to licenses or permits of that type). Subject
to the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and the regulations thereunder,
the FCC Licenses are free from all security interests, liens, claims, or
encumbrances of any nature whatsoever. There are no applications by Seller or
petitions by others or proceedings pending or threatened before the FCC relating
to the Business or the FCC Licenses that, in Seller's opinion, would reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Business, other than such
applications, petitions or proceedings as may be brought in the ordinary course
of business or by end-users.

              8.1.16 Employee Matters.

                  (a) Schedule 8.1.16(a) lists (and identifies the sponsor of)
each "Employee Pension Benefit Plan," as that term is defined in Section 3(2) of
ERISA, each "Employee Welfare Benefit Plan," as that term is defined in Section
3(1) of ERISA (such plans being hereinafter referred to collectively as the
"ERISA Plans"), and each other retirement, pension, profit-sharing, money
purchase, deferred compensation, incentive compensation, bonus, stock option,
stock purchase, severance pay, unemployment benefit, vacation pay, savings,
medical, dental, post-retirement medical, accident, disability, weekly income,
salary continuation, health, life or other insurance, fringe benefit, or other
employee benefit plan, program, agreement, or arrangement maintained or
contributed to by Seller or its Affiliates in respect of or for the benefit of
any Transferred Employee or former employee of Seller, excluding any such plan,
program, agreement, or arrangement maintained or contributed to solely in
respect of or for the benefit of Transferred Employees or former employees
employed or formerly employed by Seller outside of the United States, as of the
date hereof (collectively, together with the ERISA Plans, referred to
hereinafter as the "Plans"). Schedule 8.1.16(a) also includes a list of each
written employment, severance, termination or similar-type agreement between
Seller and its Affiliates and any Transferred Employee (the "Employment
Agreements"). Seller has delivered to Buyer accurate and complete copies of all
Plans and Employment Agreements (or representative samples in the case of form
agreements) and, if applicable, summary plan descriptions with respect to such
Plans and Employment Agreements and summary descriptions of any such Plan or
Employment Agreement that is not otherwise in writing. Except for retention
bonuses paid in connection with the closing of the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement and except as otherwise disclosed on Schedule 8.1.16(a), the
execution and delivery of this Agreement by Seller and the performance of this
Agreement by Seller will not directly result now or at any time in the future in
the payment to any Transferred Employee of any severance, termination, or
similar-type payments or benefits being paid to any Transferred Employee.

                  (b) Except as set forth on Schedule 8.1.16(b):

                           (i) Neither Seller nor any of its Affiliates, any of
the ERISA Plans, any trust created thereunder, or any trustee or administrator
thereof, has engaged in any transaction as a result of which Seller or any of
its Affiliates could be subject to any material liability pursuant to Section
409 of ERISA or to either a civil penalty assessed pursuant to Section 502(i) of
ERISA or a tax imposed pursuant to Section 4975 of the IRC; and

                                      -29-

<PAGE>
                           (ii) Since the effective date of ERISA, no material
liability under Title IV of ERISA has been incurred or is reasonably expected to
be incurred by Seller or any of its Affiliates (other than liability for
premiums due to the PBGC), unless such liability has been, or prior to the
Closing Date will be, satisfied in full.

                  (c) Except as set forth on Schedule 8.1.16(c), with respect to
the ERISA Plans other than those ERISA Plans identified on Schedule 8.1.16(a) as
"multiemployer plans":

                           (i) the PBGC has not instituted proceedings to
terminate any Plan that is subject to Title IV of ERISA (the "Retirement
Plans");

                           (ii) none of the ERISA Plans has incurred an
"accumulated funding deficiency" (as defined in Section 302 of ERISA and Section
412 of the IRC), whether or not waived, as of the last day of the most recent
fiscal year of each of the ERISA Plans ended prior to the date of this
Agreement;

                           (iii) each of the ERISA Plans has been operated and
administered in all material respects in accordance with its provisions and with
all applicable laws;

                           (iv) each of the ERISA Plans that is intended to be
"qualified" within the meaning of Section 401(a) of the IRC and, to the extent
applicable, Section 401(k) of the IRC, has been determined by the IRS to be so
qualified, and nothing has occurred since the date of the most recent such
determination (other than the effective date of certain amendments to the IRC,
the remedial amendment period for which has not yet expired) that would
adversely affect the qualified status of any of such ERISA Plans;

                           (v) there are no pending material claims by or on
behalf of any of the ERISA Plans, by any employee or beneficiary covered under
any such ERISA Plan, or otherwise involving any such ERISA Plan (other than
routine claims for benefits and routine expenses);

                           (vi) each ERISA Plan which is a group health plan has
been operated and administered in compliance with the continuation coverage
provisions of Section 498B of the IRC and Part 6 of Title I of ERISA;

                           (vii) all contributions and premiums that would
normally be made or paid with respect to any ERISA Plan or Employment Agreement
on behalf of Transferred Employees as of the Closing Date will have been made by
the Closing Date; and

                           (viii) as of the Closing Date no Transferred Employee
will be excluded from coverage under any employee welfare benefit plan (as
defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA) maintained or contributed to by Seller.

                                      -30-

<PAGE>

                  (d) Except as set forth on Schedule 8.1.16(d), none of the
ERISA Plans is a "multiemployer Plan," as that term is defined in Section 3(37)
of ERISA, and with respect to any such multiemployer plans (as so defined)
listed in Schedule 8.1.16(d), Seller has not made or incurred a "complete
withdrawal" or a "partial withdrawal," as such terms are respectively defined in
Sections 4203 and 4205 of ERISA that would result in the incurrence of a
material liability by Seller. Except as set forth on Schedule 8.1.16(d), neither
Seller nor any Affiliates of Seller has made or incurred a "complete withdrawal"
or a "partial withdrawal" (as such terms are defined in Sections 4203 and 4205,
respectively, of ERISA) that would result in the incurrence of liability by
Seller or its Affiliates, and the performance of this Agreement will not result
in such withdrawal(s) or liability.

                  (e) Except as set forth on Schedule 8.1.16(e), (i) none of the
Transferred Employees are represented by a labor union or labor organization;
(ii) Seller is not subject to any collective bargaining agreement covering any
Transferred Employee; (iii) there are no current, or to the best knowledge of
Seller, any pending or threatened strikes, slowdowns, picketing, or work
stoppages affecting the Business or with respect to any Transferred Employee
covered by collective bargaining; (iv) there is no pending lockout by Seller of
any employees of the Business, and no such action is contemplated by Seller; (v)
to the best knowledge of Seller, there is no pending or threatened organizing
activity or petition for certification of a collective bargaining representative
involving employees of the Business and there has been none within the twelve
(12) months preceding the date of the Agreement; (vi) to the best knowledge of
Seller, there is no pending or threatened charge, action, complaint, or
proceeding of any nature against Seller relating to the violation of any
applicable state or federal labor or employment law or regulation in connection
with the Business, including any charge or complaint filed by any employee or
labor organization with the National Labor Relations Board, the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission, or any other administrative governmental agency, nor is
there any other pending or threatened labor or employment dispute against or
affecting Seller in connection with the Business; (viii) with respect to
employees of the Business, Seller has complied in all respects with all laws
relating to employment, equal employment opportunity, nondiscrimination,
collective bargaining, wages, hours of work, employee benefits, occupational
safety and health, immigration, and plant closings; and (ix) Seller shall
provide employees of the Business with any required notices under any federal,
state, or municipal law or regulation concerning the termination of their
employment with Seller. Seller has delivered to Buyer accurate and complete
copies of all collective bargaining agreements affecting any of the Transferred
Employees.

                  (f) This Agreement shall not result in any Transferred
Employee becoming entitled to separation pay or severance which could be or
become an obligation of Buyer.

              8.1.17 Schedules of Telephone Plant. Schedule 8.1.17 sets forth,
as of June 30, 1999, a materially accurate summary of the book value of the
Telephone Plant as reflected in Seller's continuing property records. Schedule
8.1.17 also sets forth a materially accurate list of the vehicles, trailers and
other mobile tools and mobile equipment that are part of the Purchased Property
as of October 28, 1999.

                                      -31-

<PAGE>

              8.1.18 Schedule of Real Property Interests. To the knowledge of
Seller and as of the date of this Agreement, Schedule 8.1.18 sets forth a true
and accurate list of all its Real Property Interests.

              8.1.19 Compliance with Existing Environmental Requirements. Except
as set forth in Schedule 8.1.19 or as would not have a Material Adverse Effect,
to the knowledge of Seller:

                  (a) Seller's operation of the Business and the Purchased
Property has been and is presently in substantial compliance with Existing
Environmental Requirements;

                  (b) No environmental remediation is occurring on any parcel of
Owned Real Property or Leased Real Property nor has Seller or any Affiliate
issued a request for proposal or otherwise requested an environmental
remediation contractor to begin plans for such environmental remediation;

                  (c) No underground storage tanks ("USTs") or aboveground
storage tanks ("ASTs") are located on the Owned Real Property or Leased Real
Property;

                  (d) None of the Owned Real Property or Leased Real Property is
situated in a state or federal "superfund" site or study area; and

                  (e) Seller has delivered, or within 60 days after the date of
this Agreement will deliver, to Buyer complete copies of all reports and studies
relating to Seller's liability under or non-compliance with any Existing
Environmental Requirements in connection with Seller's operation of the Business
or use or ownership of the Purchased Property.

              8.1.20 Environmental Permits. Except as set forth in Schedule
8.1.20, to the knowledge of Seller, it has obtained or filed for all necessary
environmental permits, authorizations and licenses required to operate the
Business or the Purchased Property, except where failure to obtain or file such
permits, authorizations and licenses would not have a Material Adverse Effect on
the Business.

              8.1.21 Financial Statements. Seller has furnished to Buyer its
audited balance sheets as of December 31, 1997 and December 31, 1998 and the
related statements of income and cash flows for the years ended December 31,
1997 and December 31, 1998 (collectively, the "Financial Statements"). The
Financial Statements have been prepared based on the books and records of
Seller. Such books and records have been maintained in accordance with GAAP, and
where required by law, the applicable regulations of the FCC and ICC. However,
because the Business represents only a portion of a larger entity, the Financial
Statements are based on the extensive use of estimates and allocations. Seller
believes these estimates and allocations have been performed on a reasonable
basis in accordance with GAAP. However, Buyer acknowledges that because Buyer is
not acquiring significant support elements located outside the Purchased
Exchanges, and the Buyer will operate under new tariffs, carrier contracts and
other conditions that will significantly impact the future revenues of the
Business, the Financial Statements may not be representative of the financial
performance of the Business during future periods.

                                      -32-

<PAGE>

             8.1.22 Year 2000 Compliance.

                  (a) As of the Closing Date, Seller shall have caused the
modification or remediation of the Automated Assets in accordance with
applicable manufacturer or vendor recommendations such that the Automated Assets
are Year 2000 Compliant; provided that any and all Buyer or third-party supplied
computer software, computer firmware and computer hardware that directly
interfaces with the Automated Assets, co-exists with the Automated Assets, or
indirectly influences the operation of the Automated Assets are also
demonstrated to be Year 2000 Compliant.

                  (b) Seller shall be deemed to be in satisfaction of the
requirements of subsection (a) of this Section 8.1.22 to the extent that Seller
has (i) performed on or before the Closing Date any modification or remediation
in accordance with applicable manufacturer or vendor recommendations for
achieving Year 2000 compliance or Year 2000 readiness, or (ii) received on or
before the Closing Date reasonable assurances from the applicable manufacturer
or vendor that an Automated Asset, without modification or remediation, is Year
2000 compliant or Year 2000 ready.

                  (c) When used in this Section 8.1.22, the following term shall
have the respective meanings given below:

                       "Automated Assets" means the computer software, computer
firmware, computer hardware (whether general or special purpose), documentation,
data, and other similar or related items of the automated, computerized, and/or
software system(s) that are provided by Seller to Buyer as part of the Purchased
Exchanges pursuant to this Agreement.

                       "Calendar-Related" refers to the date values based on the
Gregorian calendar, as defined in Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edition, 1982,
page 602, and to all uses in any manner of those date values, including without
limitation manipulations, calculations, conversions, comparisons and
presentations.

                       "Date Data" means any Calendar-Related data in the
inclusive range January 1, 1900 through December 31, 2050, which the Automated
Assets use in any manner.

                       "System Date" means any Calendar-Related data value in
the inclusive range January 1, 1985 through December 31, 2035 (including the
natural transition between such values) which the Automated Assets shall be able
to use as their current date while operating.

                       "Year 2000 Compliant" means:

                           (i) As of the Closing Date, in connection with
Calendar-Related data and Calendar-Related processing of Date Data or of any
System Date, the Automated Assets will not malfunction, will not cease to
function and will not produce incorrect results; and

                                      -33-

<PAGE>

                           (ii) As of the Closing Date, the Automated Assets
will represent dates without ambiguity as to century when providing
Calendar-Related data to and accepting Calendar-Related data from other
automated, computerized and/or software systems and users by way of user
interfaces, electronic interfaces and data storage.

              8.1.23 Native American and Federal Consents. Except as set forth
on Schedule 8.1.23 or as would not have a Material Adverse Effect, to the
knowledge of the Seller:

                  (a) Schedule 8.1.23 sets forth all material easements,
rights-of-way, franchises, licenses, permits, consents, approvals, certificates
and other authorizations of tribal authorities and the United States Bureau of
Indian Affairs (the "BIA") (collectively, the "Native American Authorizations")
held by Seller and relating to any Purchased Property located, or any operations
of the Business conducted, on Native American reservations;

                  (b) All such Native American Authorizations are in full force
and effect and Seller is not in default thereunder;

                  (c) There are no material claims, actions, lawsuits or other
proceedings pending or threatened with respect to any of the Purchased Property
located, or any operations of the Business conducted, on Native American
reservations, and no tribal authority has given written notice of any
cancellation, revocation, termination or material amendment or modification of
any Native American Authorization; and

                  (d) No material consent, approval or waiver from, or filing
with, any tribal authority or the BIA is required to be obtained or made in
connection with the execution and delivery by Seller of this Agreement, or
Seller's fulfillment of its obligations under this Agreement.

              8.1.24 Loss of Major Customer. Except as set forth on Schedule
8.1.24, since January 1, 1997, Seller has not suffered the loss of any customer
of the Business for which Seller billed in excess of $50,000 annually during the
years ended December 31, 1997 or 1998.

              8.1.25 Records. The continuing property records and other records
related to the Purchased Property maintained by Seller conform in all material
respects with the applicable rules and regulations of the FCC and ICC. Seller
has retained substantially all original cost documentation relating to the
Purchased Property regarding the expenditures made by Seller for the Telephone
Plant within the period required by applicable Law.

         8.2 Representations and Warranties of Buyer. Buyer represents and
warrants to Seller as follows:

              8.2.1 Corporate Organization. Buyer is a corporation duly
organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the state of
Delaware and is or will be by Closing Date duly qualified to conduct business in
Illinois and has the requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease or
otherwise hold the assets owned, leased or held by it.

                                      -34-

<PAGE>

              8.2.2 Authorization and Effect of Agreement. Buyer has the
requisite corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement
and the Ancillary Agreements, to carry on the Business as presently conducted
and to fulfill all other obligations of Buyer under this Agreement and the
Ancillary Agreements. The execution and delivery by Buyer of this Agreement and
the Ancillary Agreements, and the fulfillment by it of its obligations under
this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements have been duly authorized by all
necessary corporate action on the part of Buyer. Buyer has the requisite legal
capacity to purchase, own and hold the Purchased Property upon the consummation
of the sale of the Purchased Property. This Agreement and the Ancillary
Agreements have been duly executed and delivered by Buyer and, assuming the due
execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements by Seller,
constitute valid and binding obligations of Buyer enforceable in accordance with
their terms subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and
other similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally and subject to
the exercise of judicial discretion in accordance with principles of equity.

              8.2.3 No Restrictions Against Purchase of the Purchased
Properties. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Ancillary
Agreements by Buyer do not, and the fulfillment by Buyer of its obligations
under this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements will not, conflict with,
violate or result in the breach of any provision of the certificate of
incorporation or bylaws of Buyer or, conflict with, violate or result in the
breach of any contract to which Buyer is a party. No material consent, approval,
order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with, any
Governmental Authority is required to be obtained or made by or with respect to
Buyer in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by Buyer
or the fulfillment by Buyer of its obligations under this Agreement, except the
filings and approvals described in Article 4.

              8.2.4 No Violation of Law. The execution and delivery of this
Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements and the fulfillment by Buyer of its
obligations under this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements will not violate
any Law except to the extent any such violation would not have a material
adverse effect on the ability of Buyer to fulfill its obligations hereunder and
thereunder.

              8.2.5 Financial Capacity.

                  (a) Buyer has sufficient cash or other sources of funds to pay
the Purchase Price in the manner specified in Section 3.1 and all related fees
and expenses.

                  (b) Buyer has sufficient financial resources to operate the
Business after the Closing Date. Without limiting the generality of the
foregoing, Buyer has sufficient financial resources to satisfy any applicable
requirement relating to financial capacity or capital imposed by any
Governmental Authority in any state in which the Business is conducted. Buyer is
solvent, is able to pay its debts as they become due, and owns property that has
both a fair value and a fair saleable value in excess of the amount required to
pay its debts as they become due.

                                      -35-

<PAGE>

              8.2.6 Brokers. Buyer has not paid or become obligated to pay any
fee or commission to any broker, finder, investment banker or other intermediary
in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in such a
manner as to give rise to a valid claim against Seller for any broker's or
finder's fees or similar fees or expenses.

              8.2.7 Consents and Approvals of Governmental Authority. Subject to
Article 4 with respect to Regulatory Approvals and FCC Consents, no consent,
approval or authorization of, or declaration, filing or registration with, any
Governmental Authority or regulatory authority is required in connection with
the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Buyer or the
consummation by Buyer of the transactions contemplated herein, except for
filings with the Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice pursuant to
the HSR Act, if required.

                                   ARTICLE 9
                        CONTINUING BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS

         9.1 Transition Services Agreement. The parties agree to cooperate with
each other to ensure that the transition of the ownership of the Purchased
Property proceeds with minimal disruption to the services being provided to
subscribers. The parties agree that it may be necessary for Seller to assist
Buyer in converting Seller's systems and processes with respect to the Purchased
Property to Buyer's systems and processes. Seller and Buyer agree to execute a
separate "Transition Services Agreement" substantially in the form attached
hereto as Schedule 9.1 for the provision of such services.

         9.2 Optional Services Agreement. It is understood and agreed that Buyer
may not have for a period of time after Closing Date, certain systems or
processes necessary to provide some basic customer services. Attached hereto as
Schedule 9.2 are Seller's standard form contracts for provision of several
optional services (the "Optional Services"). Subject to negotiation of an
agreement or agreements as described hereinafter, Seller will at Buyer's request
provide any or all of the Optional Services at the fees indicated in Schedule
9.2. To the extent Buyer requests such services, the parties agree to negotiate
in good faith separate agreements, on commercially reasonable terms similar to
those in Schedule 9.2.

         9.3 Directory Publishing.

              9.3.1 Assumption of Certain Directory Publishing Agreement Rights
and Obligations. Seller is party to a directories Master Publishing Agreement
("Master Publishing Agreement") with GTE Directories Service Corporation n/k/a
GTE Directories Corporation herein "Publisher." Seller is also a party to a
directories publishing agreement with Publisher as purchaser of the rights and
interests of Associated Directory Services, Inc. f/k/a Mast Advertising and
Publishing Inc. These agreements are identified in Schedule 9.3.1 attached
hereto ("Publishing Agreements"). Pursuant to these agreements Publisher has the
exclusive right and obligation to sell advertising, and to publish, print and
distribute directories containing telephone numbers relating to the Purchased
Exchanges.

                                      -36-

<PAGE>

              Buyer agrees to execute an agreement effective as of the Closing
to assume and appropriately amend the Master Publishing Agreements as it relates
to the Purchased Exchanges, so that such extension expires on December 31, 2001.
If the directories for any of the Purchased Exchanges are published by a third
party non-Affiliate of Seller, then to the extent requested by Buyer, Seller
agrees to assist Buyer in obtaining such third party's consents to the
continuation of such publishing arrangements; provided that Seller shall have no
obligation to pay compensation or other consideration in connection with such
assistance.

              9.3.2 Co-Bound Directories Acknowledgement. Buyer acknowledges
that Publisher may have a pre-existing obligation (which Publisher may choose to
continue) to sell advertising, publish, print and distribute the telephone
numbers of third party local exchange telephone companies in the same directory
as the Purchased Exchanges ("Co-Bound" directory). Co-Bound directory agreements
of which Seller is aware, if any, are identified on Schedule 9.3.2.

              9.3.3 Meeting to Discuss Directory Publication. Within ninety (90)
days following the date of this Agreement, Buyer agrees to meet with Seller and
Publisher for the purpose of having an initial discussion about the first
directory publication after the Closing Date. This meeting will be held at
Publisher's address unless otherwise agreed between the parties and Publisher.
All parties shall employ their respective commercially reasonable efforts to
ensure that directory publication is not interrupted following the Closing Date.

         9.4 GTE Supply Relationship. Within 90 days of this Agreement, Buyer
agrees to meet with representatives of GTE Supply for purposes of negotiating in
good faith an agreement for GTE Supply to provide ongoing procurement and
materials management functions for the Business on substantially the same terms
as contained in the Buyer's existing agreement with GTE Supply; provided that
Buyer may negotiate in good faith with respect to any volume discounts that may
be available from GTE Supply.

         9.5 GTE Telecom Agreements. Buyer acknowledges that GTE Telecom will
retain ownership of certain assets as well as related rights in connection with
fiber loop located in the Purchased Exchanges, all of which assets and rights
are listed on Schedule 2.3(g) (the "GTE Telecom Assets"). Buyer further
acknowledges that the GTE Telecom Assets may be co-located with the Purchased
Property, and may share certain easements, right of way or other Real Property
Interests. In order to clarify the relationship between Buyer and GTE Telecom
with respect to the GTE Telecom Assets, Seller agrees to cause GTE Telecom, and
Buyer agrees, to execute (i) the Capacity Agreement and, except with respect to
the Carthage and Andover Purchased Exchanges which are addressed in (iii) below,
the Floor Space and Power Agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as
Schedule 9.5, (ii) the Non-Exclusive License Agreement in the form attached
hereto as Schedule 9.5, and (iii) with respect to the Carthage and Andover
Purchased Exchanges, the Standard Agreement for Central Office Collocation
substantially in the form attached hereto as Schedule 9.5; provided that, if the
fees to be paid by GTE Telecom under the Standard Agreement for Central Office
Collocation (and Citizens' corresponding tariff) are higher than the fees it is
currently paying Seller for collocation in the Carthage and Andover Purchased
Exchanges, then such increase in fees shall be offset by a corresponding
increase in the fees charged to Buyer by GTE Telecom under the Capacity
Agreement; and provided further, Buyer and GTE Telecom agree to make such other
modifications to the Standard Agreement for Central Office Collocation in order
to allow GTE Telecom to continue for the term of such agreement the collocation
in Carthage and Andover Purchased Exchanges for the purpose of continuing
expanded interconnection arrangements necessary for service to GTE Telecom
customers other than Buyer (the "GTE Telecom Agreements").

                                      -37-

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE 10
                       ADDITIONAL COVENANTS OF THE PARTIES

         10.1 Intellectual Property.

              10.1.1 No License. Buyer and Seller agree and understand that
except as expressly set forth in writing in the License Agreement and Section
10.1.3, Seller has not granted any rights or licenses, express or implied, of,
and nothing shall constitute or be construed as a license of Seller under any
Intellectual Property now or hereafter owned, obtained or licensable by Seller
or under any Third Party Intellectual Property.

              10.1.2 Infringement.

                  (a) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary, Seller shall have no obligation to defend, indemnify or hold harmless
Buyer or any of its Affiliates, from any damages, costs or expenses resulting
from any obligation, proceeding or suit based upon any claim that any activity
subsequent to the Closing Date engaged in by Buyer, a customer of Buyer's or
anyone claiming under Buyer, constitutes direct or contributory infringement,
misuse of, or misappropriation of, or inducement to infringe, any Third Party
Intellectual Property.

                  (b) Buyer shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless Seller and
its Affiliates from and against any and all Indemnifiable Losses resulting from
any obligation, proceeding or suit based upon any claim alleging or asserting
direct or contributory infringement, or misuse or misappropriation of or
inducement to infringe by Seller or any of its Affiliates of any Third Party
Intellectual Property, to the extent that such claim is based on, or would not
have arisen but for, activity conducted or engaged in subsequent to the Closing
Date by Buyer, a customer of Buyer's, or anyone claiming under Buyer.

              10.1.3 Trademark Phaseout.

                  (a) Buyer acknowledges that Seller or its Affiliates are the
owners of Excluded Marks that qualify as Excluded Property under Section 2.3.
Buyer understands and agrees that the Excluded Marks, or any right to or license
of the Excluded Marks, are not being transferred pursuant to this Agreement.
Buyer acknowledges the exclusive and proprietary rights of Seller and its
Affiliates in the use of the Excluded Marks, and Buyer agrees that it shall not
use the Excluded Marks (or any names, domain names, marks or indicia confusingly
similar to the Excluded Marks) except and to the extent expressly set forth in
this Section 10.1.3 or assert any rights or claims in such Excluded Marks (or in
any names, domain names, marks or when confusingly similar to the Excluded
Marks). After the Closing, all Excluded Marks of Seller and its Affiliates shall
be replaced by Buyer, at Buyer's expense, as soon as possible, but in no event
later than one hundred twenty (120) days after the Closing Date for items with
Excluded Marks affixed to them which Buyer has continued to use in Buyer's

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<PAGE>

operation of the Business, including buildings, vehicles, heavy equipment, hard
hats, tools, tool boxes, kits (safety and others), signs, public (pay)
telephones, manual covers and notebooks. After the Closing, Buyer will not use,
and will destroy or deliver to Seller, all such items with Excluded Marks
affixed to them that have no valid continuing use in Buyer's operation of the
Business, including items affecting customer or employee relations or items that
do not reflect Buyer's true identity. Specific items to be destroyed or returned
include items with Excluded Marks affixed to them including giveaways; order,
purchase or materials forms; requisitions; invoices; statements; time
sheets/labor reports; bill inserts; stationery; personalized note pads; maps;
organization charts; bulletins/releases; sales/price literature; manuals or
catalogs; report covers/folders; program materials; and materials such as media
contact lists/cards. The one hundred twenty (120) day time period for
replacement of Excluded Marks affixed to telephone directories that were already
published or closed for publication at the Closing Date shall be extended to the
expiration date of such directories.

                  (b) Buyer recognizes the great value of the goodwill
associated with the Excluded Marks, and acknowledges that the Excluded Marks and
all rights therein and the goodwill pertaining thereto belong exclusively to
Seller and that the Excluded Marks have a secondary meaning in the minds of the
public. Buyer further agrees that any and all permitted use of the Excluded
Marks pursuant to this Agreement shall inure to the sole and exclusive benefit
of Seller.

                  (c) Buyer agrees that any permitted use of the Excluded Marks
in the operation of the Business after the Closing shall be provided in
accordance with all applicable federal, state and local laws, and that the same
shall not reflect adversely upon the good name of Seller or its Affiliates, and
that the operation of the Business will be of a high standard and skill.

                  (d) Buyer acknowledges that its failure to cease use of the
Excluded Marks as provided in this Agreement, or its improper use of the
Excluded Marks, will result in immediate and irreparable harm to Seller and its
Affiliates. Buyer acknowledges and admits that there is no adequate remedy at
law for such failure to terminate use of the Excluded Marks, or for such
improper use of the Excluded Marks. Buyer agrees that in the event of such
failure or improper use, Seller and its Affiliates shall be entitled to
equitable relief by way of temporary restraining order, or preliminary or
permanent injunction, or any other relief available under this Agreement.

                  (e) Buyer will not contest the ownership or validity of any
rights of Seller or its Affiliates in the Excluded Marks.

              10.1.4 Third Party Software. To the extent that the transfer of
Purchased Property by Seller to Buyer under this Agreement results in the
transfer of possession to Buyer of software that at the Closing Date is Third
Party Intellectual Property, which software was located in and rightfully used
by Seller in the geographical area of the Purchased Exchanges prior to the
Closing Date in the normal and ordinary operation of the Business pursuant to
Contracts with the owners or licensors of such software ("Third Party
Intellectual Property Contracts"), then subject to Section 2.5, effective as of
the Closing and provided that no payments to any Person other than a Switch
Software vendor (which, if any, shall be paid by Seller) are thereby required,
at Closing Seller shall assign to Buyer, and Buyer shall accept all rights and
licenses if any to posses and use such software pursuant to such Third Party
Intellectual Property Contracts. Buyer agrees that the acceptance by Buyer of
such assignment of the Third Party Intellectual Property Contracts includes the
assumption by Buyer of obligations under such Third Party Intellectual Property
Contracts, including all obligations necessary or incidental to the transfer of

                                      -39-

<PAGE>

such rights and licenses. Buyer understands and agrees that except as provided
above in this Section 10.1.4, or as expressly provided elsewhere in this
Agreement or in another written agreement between Buyer and Seller, no rights or
licenses to use or possess such software or any Third Party Intellectual
Property are transferred to Buyer. Buyer shall properly dispose of, and shall
not use, any software of which Buyer acquires possession in connection with
Purchased Property and (i) which, after the Closing Date, Buyer knows, or
reasonably should know, is not the subject of a Third Party Intellectual
Property Contract that has been rightfully transferred to Buyer or for (ii)
which Buyer does not have a separate license. Seller makes no warranty or
representation that any Third Party Intellectual Property Contract or any right
therein is assignable in whole or in part to Buyer.

         10.2 Effect of Due Diligence and Related Matters.

                  (a) Buyer represents that it is a sophisticated entity that
was advised by knowledgeable counsel and financial advisors and, to the extent
it deemed necessary, other advisors in connection with this Agreement and has
conducted its own independent review and evaluation of the Purchased Property.
Accordingly, Buyer covenants and agrees that (i) except for the representations
and warranties set forth in this Agreement, Buyer has not relied and will not
rely upon any document or written or oral information furnished to or discovered
by it or its representatives, including any financial data, (ii) there are no
representations or warranties by or on behalf of Seller or its Affiliates or
representatives except for those expressly set forth in this Agreement, and
(iii) to the fullest extent permitted by law, Buyer's rights and obligations
with respect to all of the foregoing matters will be solely as set forth in this
Agreement.

                  (b) Upon the Closing, Buyer shall be deemed to have waived any
claim with respect to a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or
obligation of Seller, or any failure of a condition, hereunder of which Buyer
had knowledge; provided that Buyer shall be deemed to have knowledge of the
information made available to Buyer and/or its representatives during its review
of the Purchased Property prior to the date of this Agreement, which information
is contained in the Due Diligence Documents.

                  (c) After the date of this Agreement and prior to the Closing
Date, Buyer shall promptly notify Seller if Buyer obtains knowledge of any
actual breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or obligation of Seller
or any actual or prospective failure of a condition, hereunder of which Buyer
obtains knowledge. Failure to provide timely notice shall be deemed to
constitute a waiver of any claim with respect to such breach.

         10.3 Confidentiality. Whether or not the Closing occurs, the parties
hereto and their respective officers, directors, employees and representatives
will comply with the Confidentiality Agreement, the provisions of which are
expressly incorporated herein in their entirety by this reference.

         10.4 Further Assurances. After the Closing, Seller will use its
commercially reasonable efforts to furnish to Buyer such other instruments and
information as Buyer may reasonably request in order to convey to Buyer title to
the Purchased Property, to be delivered from time to time upon Buyer's
reasonable request.

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<PAGE>

         10.5 Prorations. The following liabilities shall be prorated between
Seller and Buyer: (i) utility charges (which shall include water, sewer,
electricity, gas and other utility charges) with respect to the Owned Real
Property, the property subject to the Real Property Leases and customer owned
equipment, (ii) rental charges (which shall include rental charges and other
lease payments under the Real Property Leases), (iii) personal services (these
services are charged for a period which includes the Closing Date; this shall
include contract labor), and (iv) real and personal property taxes, ad valorem
taxes, and franchise fees or taxes (collectively, "Periodic Taxes"). With
respect to measurement periods during which the Closing Date occurs (all such
periods of time being hereinafter called "Proration Periods"), the liabilities
described in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) of the preceding sentence shall be
apportioned between Seller and Buyer as of the Closing Date, with Buyer bearing
only the expense thereof in the proportion that the number of days remaining in
the applicable Proration Period on and after the Closing Date bears to the total
number of days covered by such Proration Period. Periodic Taxes attributable to
Proration Periods shall be prorated between Buyer and Seller based on the
relative periods the Purchased Property was owned by each respective party
during the fiscal period of the taxing jurisdiction for which such taxes were
imposed by such jurisdiction (as such fiscal period is or may be reflected on
the bill rendered by such taxing jurisdiction). On the Closing Date, Buyer and
Seller shall pay or be reimbursed, on this prorated basis, for Periodic Taxes
that have been paid before the Closing Date. On the Closing Date, Buyer and
Seller shall also be reimbursed, on this prorated basis, for Periodic Taxes that
are to be paid on or after the Closing Date. The reimbursement of Periodic Taxes
that are to be paid on or after the Closing Date shall be based on a reasonable
estimate of the amount of such Periodic Taxes to be paid (based on past
experience). To the extent that Buyer or Seller are not reimbursed on the
Closing Date for Periodic Taxes that are paid after the Closing Date, or, in the
event the estimated amount of the preceding sentence proves to have been
inaccurate, Buyer or Seller shall promptly forward an invoice to the other party
for its reimbursable pro rata share, if any. If the other party does not pay the
invoice within thirty (30) calendar days of receipt, the amount of such payment
shall bear interest at the rate of eight percent (8%) per annum. Similarly, all
prepayments made or received by Seller or Buyer with respect to service or
maintenance agreements with third parties or license or other fees payable to or
by third parties and relating to the Business shall be prorated on an
appropriate basis between Seller and Buyer.

         10.6 Cost Studies/NECA Matters.

              10.6.1 Prior to Closing. Seller agrees that, with respect to all
toll revenues, settlements, pools, separations studies or similar activities,
Seller shall be responsible for (and shall receive the benefit or suffer the
burden of) any adjustments to contributions, or receipt of funds, by Seller
resulting from any such activities that are related to the operation of the
Business or the ownership or operation of the Purchased Property prior to the
Closing Date. Specifically, this paragraph shall apply, but shall not be limited
to, any matters related to the National Exchange Carrier Association ("NECA")
including the Universal Service Fund ("USF"), Long Term Support ("LTS"), and
Telecommunications Relay Services funds.

              10.6.2 From and After Closing.

                  (a) Buyer shall receive a pro rata share of USF funds received
by Seller, under Seller's methodology of computing USF, pursuant to FCC Rules
and Regulations as stated in Part 36.601(c) for rural carriers. The USF Funds

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<PAGE>

due to Buyer shall be determined by multiplying the number of lines sold times a
per-line amount of USF support received by Seller prior to the date of sale of
the Business. The resulting Buyer's annual USF amount shall be prorated in
proportion to the number of months in the year from and after the Closing Date.
Beginning July 1, 1999 or a date thereafter determined by the FCC, non-rural
carriers shall not receive USF pursuant to Part 36, but will receive support in
accordance with guidelines using forward-looking economic cost. Buyer shall make
its own filing in accordance with said FCC Rules and Regulations, Part 36.611
and Part 36.612 for rural carriers and Part 54 for non-rural carriers. Within a
reasonable time after Buyer's written request, Seller shall furnish to Buyer
such necessary information regarding Seller's ownership of the Purchased
Property during the partial calendar year prior to Closing Date and such
reasonable assistance as required in connection with Buyer's preparation of
necessary filings or submissions.

                  (b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, Buyer's right to receive a
pro rata share of USF is conditioned upon Buyer's payment, from and after the
Closing Date, of a pro rata share of the annual universal service contribution
liability assessed by the Universal Service Administrative Company (USAC) based
on end-user retail revenues for the previous year generated by assets being
sold. The resulting Buyer's annual USF obligation for assets purchased shall be
prorated in proportion to the number of months in the year from and after the
Closing Date.

         10.7 Customer Deposits. Within thirty (30) days after Closing, Seller
agrees to transfer to Buyer the customer deposits together with any interest
accrued thereon (collectively "Customer Deposits"), together with all of
Seller's obligations and rights to hold the Customer Deposits of the Business,
up to the Closing Date, and Buyer agrees to hold, disburse and retain such
deposits so delivered to it as if it were Seller.

         10.8 Access to Books and Records.

                  (a) After the Closing, Seller will retain all Retained Books
and Records for a period of three (3) years.

                  (b) After the Closing, upon reasonable notice and subject to
the Confidentiality Agreement, the parties will give to the representatives,
employees, counsel and accountants of the other, access, during normal business
hours, to books and records relating to the Business and the Purchased Property,
and will permit such persons to examine and copy such records, in each case to
the extent reasonably requested by the other party in connection with tax and
financial reporting matters (including any Tax Returns and related information,
but not attorney work product or similar work product prepared by accountants),
audits, legal proceedings, governmental investigations and other business
purposes (including such financial information and any receipts evidencing
payment of taxes as may be reasonably requested by Seller to substantiate any
claim for tax credits or refunds); provided, however, that nothing herein will
obligate any party to take actions that would unreasonably disrupt the normal
course of its business or violate the terms of any Contract to which it is a
party or to which it or any of its assets is subject. Seller and Buyer will
cooperate with each other in the conduct of any Tax audit or similar proceedings
involving or otherwise relating to the Business (or the income therefrom or
assets thereof) with respect to any Tax and each will execute and deliver such
powers of attorney and other documents as are necessary to carry out the intent
of this Section 10.8(b).

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<PAGE>

         10.9 Purchase Price Allocation. Prior to the Closing Date, Buyer and
Seller shall use their good faith efforts to agree to the allocation (the
"Allocation") of the Purchase Price, the Assumed Liabilities and other relevant
items (including, for example, adjustments to the Purchase Price) to the
individual assets or classes of assets within the meaning of Section 1060 of the
IRC. If Buyer and Seller agree to such Allocation prior to Closing, Buyer and
Seller covenant and agree that (i) the values assigned to the assets by the
parties' mutual agreement shall be conclusive and final for all purposes, and
(ii) neither Buyer nor Seller will take any position before any Governmental
Authority or in any judicial proceeding that is in any way inconsistent with
such Allocation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Buyer and Seller cannot agree
to an Allocation, Buyer and Seller covenant and agree to file and to cause their
respective Affiliates to file, all Tax Returns and schedules thereto (including,
for example, amended returns, claims for refund, and those returns and forms
required under Section 1060 of the IRC and any Treasury regulations promulgated
thereunder) consistent with each of Buyer and Seller's good faith Allocations,
unless otherwise required because of a change in applicable Law.

         10.10 Owned Real Property Transfers. Within sixty (60) days of the date
of this Agreement, Seller shall deliver to Buyer copies of all existing title
insurance policies in Seller's possession covering the Owned Real Property.
Thereafter, no later than thirty (30) days before the Closing Date, Seller shall
deliver (at Seller's expense) to Buyer title commitments for owners' policies of
title insurance prepared by a title insurance company reasonably acceptable to
Buyer and a certified current survey, with respect to all Owned Real Property
included in the Purchased Property and in which Seller purports to own fee
title. Buyer acknowledges that such title commitments shall be for CLTA owners'
policies of title insurance (or its equivalent) unless Buyer has requested in
writing, prior to the date hereof, that such commitments be issued for other
forms of title insurance (in which event, Buyer shall bear all costs and
premiums for such title insurance to the extent attributable to such coverage
being in excess of CLTA coverage or its equivalent). Such title commitments
shall reflect that upon the consummation of the sale to Buyer contemplated by
this Agreement and the payment of all premiums and charges due for such title
insurance, Buyer will be vested with good, fee simple title to such Owned Real
Property, subject only to the exceptions show thereon, the title company's
standard exceptions and exclusions, and such matters that arise after the date
and time of such title commitment. Except as provided in the following sentence,
in the event that Buyer requires endorsements to such title commitments or the
applicable title insurance policies, such endorsements shall be obtained at
Buyer's sole cost and expense and shall not be a condition to Closing. On the
Closing Date, Seller shall convey the Owned Real Property to be transferred to
Buyer subject only to Permitted Encumbrances, provided that Seller may transfer
such property subject to one or more exceptions that are not Permitted
Encumbrances if Seller commits in writing, in form and substance reasonably
acceptable to Buyer, on or before the Closing Date, to cause any such exception
that is not a Permitted Encumbrance to be removed, insured or bonded over to
Buyer's reasonable satisfaction, or if Seller indemnifies Buyer with respect to
such exceptions to Buyer's reasonable satisfaction on or before the Closing
Date. With respect to each parcel of Owned Real Property covered by a title
commitment referenced above, the amount of title insurance provided under the
applicable title insurance policy shall be the fair market value of the

                                      -43-

<PAGE>

applicable property, which shall be determined by Buyer at its sole cost and
expense using commercially reasonable methods of valuation, provided that all
such valuations shall be consistent with all allocations of the Purchase Price
made hereunder or pursuant to this Agreement, and shall be acceptable to the
title insurance company. The determination of fair market value shall be made in
a timely manner such that the title commitments can be issued in a timely manner
prior to the Closing Date. Seller agrees that prior to Closing it will provide
the title company with such instructions, authorizations, affidavits, and
indemnities as may be reasonably necessary for the title company to issue title
policies to Buyer, dated as of the Closing Date, for all of the Owned Real
Property with so-called non-imputation endorsements. By no later than forty-five
(45) days after the Closing Date, Seller shall deliver to Buyer a final title
insurance policy covering each parcel of the Owned Real Property covered by the
title commitments. Buyer will use its commercially reasonable efforts to work
with the title company between the date hereof and fifty-five (45) days after
Closing Date to resolve any issues with respect to such title commitments.
Seller shall be responsible for the payment of all title insurance premiums
attributable to the CLTA portion of the coverage afforded by each such policy
obtained, and Buyer shall be responsible for the payment of all title insurance
premiums in excess of such amount and for the payment of all endorsement charges
and other fees and costs imposed by the title company.

         10.11 Transaction Taxes. Buyer shall bear and be responsible for paying
any sales, use, transfer, documentary, registration, business and occupation and
other similar taxes (including related penalties (civil or criminal), additions
to tax and interest) imposed by any Governmental Authorities with respect to the
transfer of Purchased Property to Buyer (including the Owned Real Property)
("Transaction Taxes"), regardless of whether the tax authority seeks to collect
the such taxes from Seller or Buyer. Seller shall prepare all tax filings
related to any sales, use, transfer, documentary, registration, business and
occupation and other similar taxes. Seller, fifteen (15) days prior to making
such filings shall provide to the Buyer Seller's work papers for the Buyer's
review and approval. Buyer shall provide to the Seller ten (10) days prior to
the filing date approval of such work papers. Buyer shall also be responsible
for (i) administering the payment of such Transaction Taxes, (ii) defending or
pursuing any proceedings related thereto, and (iii) paying any expenses related
thereto. Seller shall give prompt written notice to Buyer of any proposed
adjustment or assessment of any Transaction Taxes with respect to the
transaction, or of any examination of said transaction in a sales, use, transfer
or similar tax audit. In any proceedings, whether formal or informal, Seller
shall permit Buyer to participate and control the defense of such proceeding,
and shall take all actions and execute all documents required to allow such
participation. Seller shall not negotiate a settlement or compromise of any
Transaction Taxes without the written consent of Buyer, which consent shall not
be unreasonably withheld.

         10.12 Bulk Sales Laws. Seller and Buyer waive compliance with
applicable laws under any version of Article 6 of the Uniform Commercial Code
adopted by any state or any similar law relating to the sale of inventory,
equipment or other assets in bulk in connection with the sale of the Purchased
Property.

         10.13 Prepaid Non-Regulated Maintenance Agreements. Within thirty (30)
days following Closing, Seller shall pay to Buyer an amount equal to the pro
rata portion of all prepaid but unearned revenues from Seller's customers for
all non-regulated maintenance agreements as of the Closing Date.

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         10.14 Vehicle Registration. Buyer agrees to use its commercially
reasonable efforts to file promptly the appropriate vehicle title applications
and registrations to change the name of the titled owner on each vehicle title
certificate and change the motor vehicle registration (with respect to license
plate information) on each vehicle being transferred to Buyer from Seller
pursuant to this Agreement. Buyer agrees that it shall remove and destroy
Seller's existing license plates from all vehicles received upon the earlier of
receipt of new license plates or sixty (60) days following Closing.

         10.15 Carrier Access Billing and Accounts Receivable Transition. Seller
shall render its own final carrier access bills to its interexchange carriers
for minutes, messages and other applicable charges up to the Closing Date.
Seller shall be responsible for collecting and settling any disputes associated
with its final bills to the interexchange carriers.

         10.16 End-User Billing and Accounts Receivable Transition. Buyer agrees
to purchase Seller's Earned End-User Accounts Receivable and make payment to
Seller for those accounts in the manner described below:

                  (a) Seller shall transfer to Buyer, as soon as reasonably
available after Closing, all open end-user customer account records to Buyer as
of the end of business on the Closing Date. Following the Closing, Buyer shall
be responsible for administering those records including the application of cash
receipts to customer accounts, whether related to services rendered before or
after the Closing. Seller shall promptly forward to Buyer all customer payments
and related remittance documents received by Seller after the Closing for
processing by Buyer.

                  (b) Within twenty (20) days following the Closing, Seller
shall provide an accounting to Buyer of the Earned End-User Accounts Receivable
Amount and the Customer Advances as well as the most recent twelve (12) month
history of Seller's uncollectible net writeoffs expressed as a percentage of
billings for the Business (the "Uncollectible Factor"). This data and the
resulting calculation of the Earned End-User Accounts Receivable Amount shall be
summarized in an accounts receivable settlement statement (the "Accounts
Receivable Settlement Statement"). Within thirty (30) days following the
Closing, Buyer shall remit to Seller an amount equal to 80% of the Earned
End-User Accounts Receivable Amount less 100% of the Customer Advances. Within
sixty (60) days following the Closing, Buyer shall remit an additional 15% of
the Earned End-User Accounts Receivable Amount and within ninety (90) days will
remit the final 5%.

                  (c) Not later than ten (10) days prior to the due dates for
the sixty (60) and ninety (90) day payments referred to in Section 10.16(b),
Seller will provide Buyer with an updated Accounts Receivable Settlement
Statement reflecting any adjustments based upon non-sufficient funds checks,
billing adjustments or other facts that relate to pre-closing activity that
became known after the preparation of the original statement.

                                      -45-

<PAGE>

                  (d) If at any time during the ninety (90) day period following
the Closing, Buyer or Seller discovers any material discrepancy in the Accounts
Receivable Settlement Statement, both parties agree to use commercially
reasonable efforts to resolve any discrepancy in a timely manner, and also agree
to make payments related to any undisputed amounts as set forth above.

                  (e) At any time between ninety (90) and two hundred seventy
(270) days following the Closing, Buyer may, at its discretion, prepare an
analysis of actual bad debt write-off experience related to the Earned End-User
Accounts Receivable purchased from Seller. If such analysis reasonably
demonstrates that write-offs have exceeded the estimated amount in the final
Accounts Receivable Settlement Statement (as had been calculated using the
Uncollectible Factor) by more than 10%, Seller will pay to Buyer the full amount
of the difference within thirty (30) days of receipt of Buyer's request for
payment, together with Buyer's write-off analysis, Buyer will provide Seller
sufficient detail in its write-off analysis, and as reasonably necessary, access
to billing and collection records, to allow Seller to validate the accuracy of
Buyer's request. Any disputes regarding the amounts of such request shall be
settled using the procedure described in Section 3.3(d).

         10.17 Tariff Changes Resulting from the ICC Merger Order. The ICC in
approving the Merger issued an order requiring Seller to reduce its rates
statewide by $10.03 million. To implement this order, Seller will file tariff
changes after the date of the Agreement but prior to Closing. Seller will use
its best efforts to ensure that such changes do not disproportionately reduce
revenue in the Purchased Exchanges. If Buyer determines and can reasonably
demonstrate that the impact of the revenue reductions in the Purchased Exchanges
related to tariff changes resulting from the Merger order would be greater than
$1.25 million (calculated on a pro forma basis using 1999 revenues), then the
Seller will pay to Buyer an amount equal to the reduction in excess of $1.25
million multiplied by 5. Seller will pay such amount to Buyer as an adjustment
to the Purchase Price if such amount is known and agreed upon at least thirty
(30) days prior to Closing, otherwise the amount will be paid within thirty (30)
days of the agreement of the parties on such amount.

         Seller may request Buyer to provide an analysis of its calculation of
the adjustment amount. Buyer will provide such analysis of the amount and
sufficient detail to allow Seller to validate the accuracy of the adjustment.
Seller will provide Buyer with such assistance and information as is required
for Buyer's calculation of the impact of the rate reductions in the Purchased
Exchanges. Any disputes regarding the amount will be settled using the procedure
described in Section 3.3(d).

         10.18 Evaluation and Repair of Certain Tangible Property. Prior to
Closing, Seller shall, at its cost and expense, engage a qualified contractor to
inspect, evaluate and repair, if recommended by such contractor, the pre-action
sprinkler systems at the locations identified in Schedule 8.1.9 as well as any
other locations in the Purchased Exchanges that GTE subsequently acquires a
reason to believe are in need of repair.

                                      -46-

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE 11
                         EMPLOYEES AND EMPLOYEE MATTERS

         11.1 Employment of Transferred Employees. Subject to the other
provisions of this Section 11.1, all Active Employees of Seller employed in the
Business, and all Active Employees of Seller and its Affiliates whose duties
relate primarily to the Business, on the Closing Date (hereinafter collectively
referred to as "Transferred Employees") shall be employed by (or become the
responsibility of, as applicable) Buyer as of the Closing Date in the same or
comparable positions, and at the same or comparable total compensation
(including base pay and bonus), as were in effect on the Closing Date, except as
otherwise provided in this Agreement. For purposes of the preceding sentence,
the term "Active Employees" shall include all full-time and part-time employees,
employees on military leave, maternity leave, leave under the Family and Medical
Leave Act of 1993, short-term disability, on layoff with recall rights, and
employees on other approved leaves of absence with a legal or contractual right
to reinstatement. For a period of twelve (12) months following the Closing Date,
Buyer shall not actively solicit either directly or indirectly through any
agents, and Buyer shall not permit any of its Affiliates to actively solicit
either directly or indirectly through any agents, any person who retires or
otherwise terminates from any employment at or in association with Seller during
the six-month period beginning three (3) months before the Closing Date, and
Buyer shall neither employ nor permit any of its Affiliates to employ any
individuals who are identified to Buyer by Seller as individuals who terminated
from any employment or association with Seller during such six-month period. On
or before the execution date of this Agreement, Seller shall have delivered to
Buyer a list of the persons who would have been Transferred Employees had the
Closing Date occurred on August 31, 1999, showing the following information for
each such person: (i) the name of each such person; (ii) the name of his or her
current employer; (iii) his or her current base pay, 1998 bonus and projected
1999 bonus; (iv) his or her hire date, any rehire date (if available) and years
of service; (v) his or her then-current position; (vi) whether such employee is
(x) subject to a collective bargaining agreement or represented by a labor
organization, if any, and including the name and date of each such bargaining
agreement or (y) on military leave, maternity leave, leave under the Family and
Medical Leave Act of 1993, short-term disability, on layoff with recall rights
or on other approved leave of absence with a legal or contractual right to
reinstatement; and (vii) for any employee who is not employed exclusively in the
Business, a description of the nature of his or her employment and the
percentage of his or her time actually allocated to the Business in calendar
year 1998. Seller shall update such list at such time or times requested by
Buyer, but not more often than as of the end of each calendar quarter occurring
between the execution date hereof and the Closing Date, commencing with the
quarter ending September 30, 1999, and as of the month ending immediately prior
to the Closing Date, in each case assuming the Closing Date had occurred on such
date, and shall deliver such updated lists to Buyer within ten (10) days after
the end of each such calendar quarter or month-end, as applicable. Any person
who is not on such list as updated as of the end of the month immediately
preceding the Closing Date shall not be a Transferred Employee, and for all
purposes under this Agreement the Transferred Employees shall include only those
persons on such list as updated as of such month-end who continue to be Active
Employees of Seller employed in the Business or Active Employees of Seller and
its Affiliates whose duties relate primarily to the Business, on the Closing
Date.

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<PAGE>

              11.1.1 Assumption of Collective Bargaining Agreement Obligations.
On and after the Closing Date, Buyer, as successor employer to Seller, shall
assume all of the employer's obligations under, and be bound by the provisions
of, each collective bargaining agreement to the extent of provisions covering
Transferred Employees. Seller shall cooperate with Buyer in Buyer's efforts to
contact the unions representing Transferred Employees.

              11.1.2 Assumption of Employment and Other Agreements. On and after
the Closing Date, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or in Schedule
11.1.2, Buyer, as successor employer to Seller, shall assume all obligations of
each employment agreement or any other agreement by Seller relating to
conditions of employment, employment separation, severance, or employee benefits
in connection with the Transferred Employees, but only to the extent that they
have been disclosed to Buyer on Schedule 8.1.16(a) and copies have been
furnished to Buyer as soon as administratively practicable prior to the
execution of this Agreement. To the extent that Buyer assumes any obligations
under this Article 11, Buyer may reduce or eliminate benefits under any
agreement, plan, policy or program only to the extent required to comply with
applicable law, or to the extent that Seller, its Affiliates, or any successors
or assigns, make amendments or changes to its benefit plans, policies or
programs to eliminate or reduce benefits. Until the fifth anniversary of the
Closing Date, Seller promptly shall deliver to Buyer a copy of each material
amendment or change that Seller makes to its Plans and Employment Agreements to
eliminate or reduce benefits thereunder and shall confirm to Buyer on an annual
basis whether, and the extent to which, it has amended its Plans and Employment
Agreements and provide sufficient detail to enable Buyer to determine whether
Seller has reduced or eliminated benefits thereunder. After the fifth
anniversary of the Closing Date, Buyer may amend such plans, policies, and
programs in any manner it determines, consistent with applicable law and
collective bargaining agreements.

              11.1.3 Recognition of Transferred Employee Service. On and after
the Closing Date, and subject to the provisions of any applicable collective
bargaining agreement, and except as otherwise provided in this Article 11, Buyer
shall recognize the service of each Transferred Employee for all
employment-related purposes determined in accordance with the practices and
procedures of Seller in effect on the Closing Date, as if such service had been
rendered to Buyer.

              11.1.4 Assumption of Obligation to Pay Bonuses. Transferred
Employees shall not accrue benefits under any employee benefit policies, plans,
arrangements, programs, practices, or agreements of Seller or any of its
Affiliates after the Closing Date. Buyer shall assume the obligation to pay to
Transferred Employees any bonuses that would have been payable to the
Transferred Employees with respect to the calendar year in which the Closing
Date occurs had the Transferred Employees remained employees of Seller or one of
its Affiliates, in accordance with the provisions of the policy, plan,
arrangement, program, practice or agreement under which the bonus would have
been paid.

              11.1.5 No Duplicate Benefits. Nothing in this Agreement shall
cause duplicate benefits to be paid or provided to or with respect to a
Transferred Employee under any employee benefit policies, plans, arrangements,
programs, practices, or agreements.

                                      -48-

<PAGE>

              11.1.6 Affiliate Employees. If any employee identified in the list
provided pursuant to Section 11.1 is an employee of an Affiliate of Seller whose
duties relate primarily to the Business, he or she shall be considered a
Transferred Employee and shall be treated under this Agreement in a manner that
is comparable to the treatment given to the Transferred Employees who are
employed by Seller, except that his or her service as of the Closing Date shall
be determined in accordance with the practices and procedures of his or her
employer, as disclosed to Buyer in accordance with Section 11.1.2.

11.2     Transferred Employee Benefit Matters.

              11.2.1 Defined Benefit Plans.

                  (a) Seller Pension Plans. As of the date of this Agreement,
Seller participates in the following single-employer defined benefit pension
plans maintained in the United States:

                           (i) the GTE Service Corporation Plan for Employees'
Pensions (the "Seller Salaried Pension Plan"); and

                           (ii) the GTE North Incorporated Pension Plan for
Hourly-Paid Employees of Illinois (the "Seller Hourly Pension Plan").

              The plans identified in this Section 11.2.1(a) shall be referred
to collectively in this Agreement as the "Seller Pension Plans," and each such
plan shall be referred to individually as a "Seller Pension Plan."

                  (b) Buyer Obligations. Buyer shall take all actions necessary
and appropriate to ensure that, as soon as practicable after the Closing Date,
Buyer maintains or adopts one or more pension plans (hereinafter referred to in
the aggregate as the "Buyer Pension Plans" and individually as the "Buyer
Pension Plan") effective as of the Closing Date and to ensure that each Buyer
Pension Plan satisfies the following requirements as of the Closing Date: (i)
the Buyer Pension Plan is a qualified, single-employer defined benefit plan
under Section 401(a) of the IRC; (ii) any Buyer Pension Plan that was in effect
before the Closing Date shall not have any "accumulated funding deficiency," as
defined in Section 302 of ERISA and Section 412 of the IRC, whether or not
waived, immediately before the Closing Date; (iii) the Buyer Pension Plan is not
the subject of termination proceedings or a notice of termination under Title IV
of ERISA; (iv) the Buyer Pension Plan does not exclude Transferred Employees
from eligibility to participate therein; (v) the Buyer Pension Plan does not
violate the requirements of any applicable collective bargaining agreement; and
(vi) with respect to Transferred Employees who were participants in the Seller
Hourly Pension Plan by virtue of their coverage under a collective bargaining
agreement on the Closing Date, the terms of the Buyer Pension Plan are
substantially identical in all material respects to the terms of the Seller
Hourly Pension Plan. For purposes of this Section 11.2.1, Transferred Employees
who were participants in the Seller Hourly Pension Plan other than by virtue of
their coverage under a collective bargaining agreement on the Closing Date shall
be treated as Transferred Employees who, on the Closing Date, participate in the
Seller Salaried Pension Plan. Within the 30-day period immediately preceding any
transfer of assets and liabilities from a Seller Pension Plan to a Buyer Pension
Plan pursuant to this Section 11.2.1(b), Buyer shall provide Seller with a
written certification, in a form acceptable to Seller, that the Buyer Pension
Plan satisfies each of the requirements set forth in this Section 11.2.1(b).

                                      -49-

<PAGE>

                  (c) Transfer of Liabilities.

                           (i) In accordance with the provisions of this Section
11.2.1, Buyer shall cause the Buyer Pension Plans to accept all liabilities for
benefits under the Seller Pension Plans, whether or not vested, that would have
been paid or payable (but for the transfer of assets and liabilities pursuant to
this Section 11.2.1) to or with respect to the Transferred Employees under the
terms of the Seller Pension Plans and that are "Section 411(d)(6) protected
benefits" (as defined by Section 411(d)(6) of the IRC and the regulations
thereunder) that have accrued under the Seller Pension Plan to or with respect
to the Transferred Employees based on accredited service and compensation under
the Seller Pension Plans as of the Closing Date. For a period of not less than
five (5) years after the Closing Date, and unless otherwise required to comply
with applicable law or permitted by Section 11.1.2, Buyer shall not amend the
Buyer Pension Plans, or permit the Buyer Pension Plans to be amended, to
eliminate any benefit, whether or not vested, with respect to which liabilities
are transferred pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this subsection (i), to
the extent any such benefit is a "Section 411(d)(6) protected benefit" (as
defined by Section 411(d)(6) of the IRC and the regulations thereunder). On or
before the Closing Date, Seller or an Affiliate thereof shall take action to
fully vest Transferred Employees in their benefits (if any) under the Seller
Pension Plans.

                           (ii) (A) For purposes of eligibility and vesting
under the Buyer Pension Plans, each Transferred Employee whose accrued benefit
is transferred from a Seller Pension Plan to a Buyer Pension Plan shall be
credited with service as of the Closing Date as determined under the terms of
the Seller Pension Plan. The benefit under the Buyer Pension Plan for each
Transferred Employee who, on the Closing Date, participates in the Seller Hourly
Pension Plan by virtue of his or her coverage under a collective bargaining
agreement, shall be calculated under terms of the Buyer Pension Plan that are
substantially identical in all material respects to the terms of the Seller
Hourly Pension Plan. The benefit for each Transferred Employee who, on the
Closing Date, participates in the Seller Salaried Pension Plan, shall not be
less than the greater of (x) the sum of the Transferred Employee's "Seller
Pension" and "Buyer Pension," or (y) the Transferred Employee's "Total Service
Pension," each as determined under the rules set forth in subsection (c)(iii) of
this Section 11.2.1.

                                (B) Except as provided in paragraph (E), below,
each Transferred Employee who, as of the Closing Date, participates or formerly
participated in the Seller Salaried Pension Plan and who, under the terms of the
Seller Salaried Pension Plan, has at least 15 years of accredited service and
combined years of age and accredited service of at least 74 as of the Closing
Date shall be eligible, after the Transferred Employee's employment with the
Buyer and its Affiliates is terminated and after the Transferred Employee's
combined years of age and years of accredited service equal or exceed 76, to
receive his or her "Seller Pension" (as determined under the rules set forth in
subsection (c)(iii) of this Section 11.2.1) as an immediate early retirement
pension under the applicable Buyer Pension Plan in accordance with early
retirement provisions that are no less favorable to the Transferred Employee
than the early retirement provisions of the Seller Salaried Pension Plan as of
the Closing Date. For a period of at least five (5) years following the Closing
Date, the Buyer shall cause any agreement, pursuant to which the accrued benefit
of any Transferred Employee under a Buyer Pension Plan is transferred to another
pension plan, to incorporate a provision in substance identical to this
subsection (ii)( B).

                                      -50-

<PAGE>

                                (C) Except as provided in paragraph (E), below,
the benefit under the Buyer Pension Plan of a GATT Grandfathered Participant,
when expressed in the form of a lump sum, shall not be less than the benefit
under the Buyer Pension Plan determined without regard to the changes to Section
417 of the IRC made by the Uruguay Round Agreements Act. The method used to
convert a GATT Grandfathered Participant's accrued benefit into a lump-sum
amount under the Buyer Pension Plan after 1999 shall be not less favorable to a
GATT Grandfathered Participant than the method used for similar purposes by the
Seller Pension Plan. For purposes of this paragraph (c)(ii)(C), "GATT
Grandfathered Participant" shall mean a Transferred Employee (x) with respect to
whom liabilities are transferred pursuant to this subsection (c) and (y) who,
taking service from Buyer into account as service with Seller, would have been
eligible under the Seller Pension Plan, but for the transfer of liabilities
pursuant to this subsection (c), to have his benefit under the Seller Pension
Plan (when expressed in the form of a lump sum) determined without regard to the
changes to Section 417 of the IRC made by the Uruguay Round Agreements Act.

                                (D) Except as provided in paragraph (E), below,
each Transferred Employee who, as of the Closing Date, participates or formerly
participated in the Seller Hourly Pension Plan shall be eligible, after the
Transferred Employee's employment with Buyer and its Affiliates is terminated,
to receive an early retirement pension under the Buyer Pension Plan in
accordance with early retirement provisions that are no less favorable to the
Transferred Employee than the early retirement provisions of the Seller Hourly
Pension Plan as of the Closing Date.

                                (E) Notwithstanding paragraphs (B), (C), and
(D), above, if the actuary for the Buyer Pension Plan certifies in writing (with
a copy to Seller) that the Buyer Pension Plan will violate the requirements
imposed by Treasury Regulation section 1.401(a)(4)-4 unless certain benefits
otherwise called for by such paragraphs are not provided by the Buyer Pension
Plan, Buyer shall cause such benefits to be provided under a nonqualified
deferred compensation plan, rather than under the Buyer Pension Plan, at the
same time and in the same form as they otherwise would have been provided under
the Buyer Pension Plan; provided that (1) such benefits shall be provided by the
Buyer Pension Plan to the maximum extent possible without causing the Buyer
Pension Plan to violate Treasury Regulation section 1.401(a)(4)-4; and (2) to
the extent that any benefit payable outside of the Buyer Pension Plan pursuant
to this paragraph (E) is payable to an individual who is not a member of a
"select group of management or highly compensated employees" within the meaning
of Sections 201(2), 301(a)(3), and 401(a)(1) of ERISA, Buyer shall cause a cash
payment or payments to be made to each such individual within 24 months of the
termination of the individual's employment with Buyer, in addition to all other
payments due or otherwise payable to such individual, in an amount that is
reasonably calculated to be actuarially equivalent, on a pre-tax basis, to the
value of such benefit.

                           (iii) (A) The Buyer Pension Plan benefit of a
Transferred Employee who, on the Closing Date, participates in the Seller Hourly
Pension Plan by virtue of his or her coverage under a collective bargaining
agreement, shall be calculated as set forth in paragraph (c)(ii)(A) of this
Section 11.2.1.

                                      -51-

<PAGE>

                                 (B) The Buyer Pension Plan benefit of a
Transferred Employee who, on the Closing Date, participates in the Seller
Salaried Pension Plan, shall be calculated by applying the benefit formula set
forth in paragraph (c)(ii)(A) of this Section 11.2.1, in accordance with the
rules described in the remainder of this paragraph (B). A Transferred Employee's
"Seller Pension" shall be calculated by applying the benefit formula under the
Seller Salaried Pension Plan (as in effect on the Closing Date) to the
Transferred Employee's service and compensation credited under the Seller
Salaried Pension Plan as of the Closing Date. A Transferred Employee's "Buyer
Pension" shall be not less than an amount calculated by applying the benefit
formula under the Buyer Pension Plan to the Transferred Employee's total
accredited service and compensation under the Buyer Pension Plan (including
service and compensation credited under the Seller Salaried Pension Plan as of
the Closing Date as if such service and compensation had been earned under the
Buyer Pension Plan and service and compensation credited under the Buyer Pension
Plan after the Closing Date), multiplied by the ratio of accredited service
earned after the Closing Date to such total accredited service; provided that
for a period of at least five (5) years following the Closing Date, Buyer shall
cause the benefit formula used in determining such "Buyer Pension" to provide
"section 411(d)(6)" benefits at least as valuable as were provided under the
benefit formula applicable to the Transferred Employee under the Seller Salaried
Pension Plan on the Closing Date. A Transferred Employee's "Total Service
Pension" shall be calculated by applying the benefit formula under the Buyer
Pension Plan (before its amendment to reflect the five (5) year inclusion of
Seller's formula) to the Transferred Employee's accredited service (including
service and compensation credited with the Seller under the Seller Salaried
Pension Plan as of the Closing Date as if such service and compensation was
earned under the Buyer Pension Plan and service and compensation credited under
the Buyer Pension Plan on and after the Closing Date). For purposes of computing
a Transferred Employee's "Total Service Pension," compensation received by such
a Transferred Employee from the Seller shall be treated as compensation received
from the Buyer. The Seller Pension, the Buyer Pension, and the Total Service
Pension shall take into account the Transferred Employee's actual age and entire
period of service (including service credited under the Seller Salaried Pension
Plan as of the Closing Date and service credited under the Buyer Pension Plan on
and after the Closing Date) for vesting and benefit eligibility purposes.

                                (C) Each Transferred Employee who is eligible to
receive a benefit under the Buyer Pension Plan may elect to receive the portion
of said benefit that is equal to the Seller Pension in any form, and with any
early retirement or other actuarial subsidy, that was available under the Seller
Pension Plan on the Closing Date, without regard to whether the Transferred
Employee is eligible to elect or receive, or does elect or receive, the same
form of payment or early retirement or actuarial subsidy for the remainder of
the pension under the Buyer Pension Plan.

                           (iv) Within sixty (60) days after the Closing Date,
Seller shall deliver to Buyer a list reflecting each Transferred Employee's
service and compensation under each of the Seller Pension Plans and each
Transferred Employee's accrued benefit thereunder as of the Closing Date.

                                      -52-

<PAGE>

                  (d) Transfer of Assets.

                           (i) In accordance with the provisions of subsection
(d)(i) of this Section 11.2.1 and subject to the provisions of subsection
(d)(vi) of this Section 11.2.1, Seller shall direct the trustee of the Seller
Pension Plans to transfer to the trustee or funding agent of the Buyer Pension
Plan the amount required to be transferred by Section 414(l) of the IRC and the
regulations thereunder for all Transferred Employees whose accrued benefits are
transferred to a Buyer Pension Plan pursuant to Section (c) of this Section
11.2.1, determined using the following assumptions (the "Pension Assets"):

                  Interest Rate: Rate used to value annuities under PBGC
                  Regulationss. 4044.52(a)(1) for the month in which the Closing
                  Date occurs

                  Annual Rate of Increase in Salaries: 0%

                  Annual Rate of Increase in Social Security Taxable Wage Base:
                  0%

                  Annual Rate of Increase in Consumer Price Index: 0%

                  Annual Rate of Increase in Limits on Benefits and
                  Compensation: 0%

                  Mortality: Rates specified under PBGC Regulationss.4044.53(c)

                  Termination: None

                  Disability: None

                  Retirement: Expected retirement age as specified under PBGC
                  Regulationss. 4044.55

                  Lump Sums: None

                  All other demographic assumptions to match those used by
                  Seller in the preparation of financial statement disclosures
                  under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 87 for
                  the 1998 fiscal year.

                  In no event shall the amount of Pension Assets transferred be
                  less than the Projected Benefit Obligation associated with all
                  the liabilities being assumed in the aggregate in Section
                  11.2.1(c) using the assumptions specified by Seller in the
                  preparation of its financial statement disclosures under
                  Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 87 for the
                  1998 fiscal year.

The Pension Assets shall be transferred in cash. Except in the case of an
arithmetical error in the calculation of the amount of Pension Assets to be
transferred, under no circumstances shall Seller or the Seller Pension Plans be
liable to transfer any additional amount to Buyer or a Buyer Pension Plan or any
other person in respect of the accrued benefits transferred to a Buyer Pension
Plan pursuant to Section (c) of this Section 11.2.1, including but not limited
to any circumstance under which any person (including a governmental agency)
states a claim to some portion or all of the Pension Assets.

                                      -53-

<PAGE>

                           (ii) Seller shall appoint an actuary ("Seller's
Actuary") to determine the amount to be transferred pursuant to subsection
(d)(i) of this Section 11.2.1 and shall provide such determination to Buyer,
together with a computer file containing all of the data used by Seller's
actuary to calculate Pension Assets, within ninety (90) days after the Closing
Date. Buyer shall appoint an actuary ("Buyer's Actuary") who shall have the
right to audit and review the determination made by Seller's Actuary. If Buyer's
Actuary is unable to agree with Seller's Actuary on the amount of the transfer
within ninety (90) days after Seller informs Buyer of the amount to be
transferred and provides Buyer with the computer file containing all of the data
used by Seller's actuary to calculate Pension Assets, Seller and Buyer shall
jointly select a third actuary, whose determination shall be binding on Seller
and Buyer. Each of Seller and Buyer shall bear the fees, costs and expenses of
their respective actuaries, and the fees, costs, and expenses of the third
actuary shall be borne one-half by Seller and one-half by Buyer.

                           (iii) Interest on the Pension Assets shall accrue
from the Closing Date to the actual date of transfer at the assumed discount
rate used in accordance with paragraph (i) of this Section (d); provided that
any Pension Assets that are distributed from the Seller Pension Plans before the
date of transfer pursuant to subsection (d)(vi) of this Section 11.2.1 shall be
credited with interest (such interest to be credited to the Buyer Pension Plans)
only from the Closing Date to the date of distribution.

                           (iv) Under the terms of each Buyer Pension Plan, the
accrued benefit of each Transferred Employee immediately after the transfer of
assets and liabilities pursuant to this Section 11.2.1 shall not be less than
the sum of each Transferred Employee's accrued benefits under the Seller Pension
Plan and the Buyer Pension Plan immediately before the transfer of assets and
liabilities. Neither Seller nor its Affiliates nor the Seller Pension Plans nor
any trustee thereof shall retain any liability for benefits under the Seller
Pension Plans for any Transferred Employee with respect to whom cash has been
transferred to a Buyer Pension Plan pursuant to this Section 11.2.1 or
distributed pursuant to subsection (d)(vi) of this Section 11.2.1.

                           (v) In connection with the transfer of assets and
liabilities pursuant to this Section 11.2.1, Seller and Buyer shall cooperate
with each other in making all appropriate filings required by the IRC or ERISA
and the regulations thereunder, and the transfer of assets and liabilities
pursuant to this Section 11.2.1 shall not take place until as soon as
practicable after the latest of (i) the expiration of the 30-day period
following the filing of any required notices with the IRS pursuant to Section
6058(b) of the IRC, or (ii) the date Buyer has delivered to Seller (xx) a copy
of the Buyer Pension Plan and a copy of the most recent determination letter
from the IRS to the effect that the Buyer Pension Plan is qualified under
Section 401(a) of the IRC, together with documentation reasonably satisfactory
to Seller of the due adoption of any amendments to the Buyer Pension Plan
required by the IRS as a condition to such qualification and a certification

                                      -54-

<PAGE>

from Buyer that no events have occurred that adversely affect the continued
validity of such determination letter (apart from the enactment of any Federal
law for which the remedial amendment period under Section 401(b) of the IRC has
not yet expired), and (yy) information enabling the enrolled actuary for the
Buyer Pension Plan to issue the certification required by Section 6058(b) of the
IRC.

                           (vi) (A) If, after the Closing Date and before the
date of transfer of assets and liabilities from the Seller Pension Plans
pursuant to this Section 11.2.1, the accrued benefit as of the Closing Date
becomes payable under a Seller Pension Plan to or with respect to a Transferred
Employee, Buyer shall (xx) furnish GTE Service Corporation with a copy of a
properly completed application for such benefits, and (yy) direct GTE Service
Corporation to instruct the trustee of the Seller Pension Plan to make benefit
payments in the form and amount determined by GTE Service Corporation in
accordance with the properly completed application for benefits. Seller shall
cause GTE Service Corporation to comply with any such direction.

                                (B) Notwithstanding anything herein to the
contrary, the assets and liabilities to be transferred from the trustee of the
Seller Pension Plans to the trustee or funding agent of the Buyer Pension Plan
pursuant to this Section 11.2.1 shall be reduced, as provided in this subsection
(vi), to reflect any benefit payments made pursuant to this subsection (vi)
regardless of the form in which paid and any expenses described in paragraph (B)
of this subsection (vi) that have not otherwise been paid pursuant to this
subsection (vi).

              11.2.2 Savings Plans.

                  (a) As of the date of this Agreement, Seller participates in
the GTE Savings Plan and the GTE Hourly Savings Plan (collectively referred to
as the "Seller Savings Plans"). Except as provided in Section (g) of this
Section 11.2.2, Transferred Employees shall not be entitled to make
contributions to or to benefit from matching or other contributions under the
Seller Savings Plans on and after the Closing Date.

                  (b) Buyer shall take all action necessary and appropriate to
ensure that, as soon as practicable after the Closing Date, Buyer maintains or
adopts one or more savings plans (hereinafter referred to in the aggregate as
the "Buyer Savings Plans" and individually as the "Buyer Savings Plan")
effective as of the Closing Date and to ensure that each Buyer Savings Plan
satisfies the following requirements as of the Closing Date: (i) the Buyer
Savings Plan is a qualified, single-employer individual account plan under
Section 401(a) of the IRC; (ii) the Buyer Savings Plan does not exclude
Transferred Employees from eligibility to participate therein; (iii) the Buyer
Savings Plan permits Transferred Employees to make before-tax contributions
(under Section 401(k) of the IRC) and provides for matching contributions by the
Buyer; and (iv) the Buyer Savings Plan does not violate the requirements of any
applicable collective bargaining agreement. Within the thirty (30) day period
immediately preceding any transfer of assets and liabilities from a Seller
Savings Plan to a Buyer Savings Plan pursuant to this Section 11.2.2, Buyer
shall provide Seller with a written certification, in a form acceptable to
Seller, that the Buyer Savings Plan satisfies each of the requirements set forth
in this Section (b).

                                      -55-

<PAGE>

                  (c) (i) Seller shall fully vest the Transferred Employees in
their account balances under the Seller Savings Plan as of the Closing Date and
shall direct the trustee of the Seller Savings Plans to transfer to the trustee
or funding agent of the Buyer Savings Plans an amount in cash equal in value to
the account balances of the Transferred Employees covered by the Seller Savings
Plans as of the date of the transfer; provided that to the extent the account
balances to be transferred consist in whole or in part of outstanding loans,
Seller shall direct the trustee of the Seller Savings Plans to transfer to the
trustee or funding agent of the Buyer Savings Plans, in lieu of cash, the
promissory notes and related documents evidencing such loans. Buyer and Seller
shall take such actions as may be required to effect the assignment of such
loans by the trustee of the Seller Savings Plan to the trustee or funding agent
of the Buyer Savings Plan, and Buyer shall cause the trustee or funding agent of
the Buyer Savings Plan to accept the assignment of such loans.

                           (ii) After the date of the transfer of assets and
liabilities pursuant to this Section 11.2.2, Buyer shall assume all liabilities
for the benefits payable to or with respect to such Transferred Employees under
the Seller Savings Plans, and Seller and the Seller Savings Plans and their
implementing trust shall retain no liability for such benefits.

                  (d) For purposes of eligibility and vesting under the Buyer
Savings Plans, each Transferred Employee shall be credited with service as of
the Closing Date as determined under the terms of the Seller Savings Plans. As
soon as practicable after the Closing Date, Seller shall cause GTE Service
Corporation to deliver to Buyer a list of the Transferred Employees covered by
the Seller Savings Plans, together with each Transferred Employee's service
under each of the Seller Savings Plans as of the Closing Date.

                  (e) In connection with the transfer of assets and liabilities
pursuant to this Section 11.2.2, Seller and Buyer shall cooperate with each
other in making all appropriate filings required by the IRC or ERISA and the
regulations thereunder, and the transfer of assets and liabilities pursuant to
this Section 11.2.2 shall not take place until as soon as practicable after the
latest of (i) the expiration of the thirty (30) day period following the filing
of any required notices with the IRS pursuant to Section 6058(b) of the IRC, and
(ii) the date Buyer has delivered to Seller (xx) a copy of the Buyer Savings
Plan and a copy of the most recent determination letter from the IRS to the
effect that the Buyer Savings Plan is qualified under Sections 401(a) and 401(k)
of the IRC, together with documentation reasonably satisfactory to Seller of the
due adoption of any amendments to the Buyer Savings Plan required by the IRS as
a condition to such qualification and a certification from Buyer that no events
have occurred that adversely affect the continued validity of such determination
letter (apart from the enactment of any Federal law for which the remedial
amendment period under Section 401(b) of the IRC has not yet expired).

                  (f) As of the Closing Date, Seller shall cause GTE Service
Corporation to deliver to Buyer a list of the Transferred Employees who have
outstanding loans under the Seller Savings Plans, together with copies of said
Transferred Employees' notes, disclosure statements, and security agreements
under the Seller Savings Plans. Seller shall also notify Buyer within thirty
(30) days after the Closing Date of any Transferred Employee who initiated a
loan within thirty (30) days before the Closing Date. Subject to obtaining the
consent of the applicable Transferred Employee if required by law, from the

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<PAGE>

Closing Date until the earliest of (i) the actual date of transfer of assets and
liabilities pursuant to this Section 11.2.2; (ii) the full amortization of the
Transferred Employee's indebtedness; (iii) the distribution of the entire
balance of the Transferred Employee's accounts; or (iv) the last date on which
Buyer or one of its Affiliates pays remuneration to the Transferred Employee,
Buyer or its Affiliate shall (x) continue the payroll deductions pursuant to
which each such Transferred Employee is discharging indebtedness to a Seller
Savings Plan and (y) remit the deducted funds to Fidelity Management Trust
Company, the trustee of the Seller Savings Plans, as soon as practicable, but in
no event more than thirty (30) days, after the date of deduction, together with
an accounting that identifies the Transferred Employees with respect to whom the
funds were deducted and the amount deducted for each Transferred Employee. All
such remitted funds shall be transferred to the appropriate Seller Savings Plan
and applied to reduce the appropriate Transferred Employee's outstanding
indebtedness. Buyer's obligations under this Section (f) are limited to payroll
deductions of loan repayments by the Transferred Employees and remittance of
those funds, and nothing herein shall be construed to obligate Buyer to repay to
Seller any portion of the outstanding indebtedness of the Transferred Employees
that are not otherwise discharged by the Transferred Employees themselves.

                  (g) Seller shall make all required matching contributions with
respect to the Transferred Employees' contributions made to the Seller Savings
Plan by the Transferred Employees in respect of the period ending on or before
the Closing Date in the year containing the Closing Date that would have been
eligible for matching contributions without regard to any continued service
(e.g., last day of the year employment or 1000 hours) requirements. Such
matching contributions shall be made not later than the date on which all other
matching contributions are made to the Seller Savings Plans with respect to
contributions made at the same time as the Transferred Employees' contributions.
For not less than five (5) calendar years following the Closing Date (including
the year in which the Closing occurs), Buyer shall, subject to applicable plan
qualification requirements, provide salaried Transferred Employees with a
matching contribution in the Buyer's Savings Plan equal to $.75 for each $1
contributed by Transferred Employees up to six percent (6%) of compensation (as
defined in Buyer's Savings Plan).

              11.2.3 Welfare Plans.

                  (a) Buyer shall take all action necessary and appropriate to
ensure that, as soon as practicable after the Closing Date, Buyer maintains or
adopts, as of the Closing Date, one or more employee welfare benefit plans,
including medical, health, dental, flexible spending account, accident, life,
short-term disability, and long-term disability and other employee welfare
benefit plans providing preretirement welfare benefits for the benefit of (i)
the non-bargained Transferred Employees (the "Non-union Welfare Plans") and (ii)
the union-represented Transferred Employees in accordance with the provisions of
applicable collective bargaining agreements (the "Bargained Welfare Plans"). The
Non-union Welfare Plans and the Bargained Welfare Plans are hereinafter referred
to collectively as the "Buyer Welfare Plans." The Buyer Welfare Plans shall
provide as of the Closing Date pre-retirement benefits to Transferred Employees
(and their dependents and beneficiaries) that, in the aggregate, are comparable
to the pre-retirement benefits to which they were entitled under the
corresponding employee welfare benefit plans maintained by Seller on the Closing
Date. For purposes of determining eligibility to participate in each Buyer

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<PAGE>

Welfare Plan, each Transferred Employee shall be credited with service,
determined under the terms of the corresponding welfare plans maintained by
Seller on the Closing Date (hereinafter referred to collectively as the "Seller
Welfare Plans"). Any restrictions on coverage for pre-existing conditions or
requirements for evidence of insurability under the Buyer Welfare Plans shall be
waived for Transferred Employees, and Transferred Employees shall receive credit
under the Buyer Welfare Plans for co-payments and payments under a deductible
limit made by them and for out-of-pocket maximums applicable to them during the
plan year of the Seller Welfare Plan in accordance with the corresponding Seller
Welfare Plans. As soon as practicable after the Closing Date, Seller shall
deliver to Buyer a list of the Transferred Employees who had credited service
under a Seller Welfare Plan, together with each such Transferred Employee's
service, co-payment amounts, and deductible and out-of-pocket limits under such
plan.

                  (b) (i) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b)(ii) or
(b)(iii) of this Section (b) or in an applicable collective bargaining
agreement, Buyer shall provide or cause to be provided retiree medical, health,
and life benefits to each Transferred Employee (or the dependents or
beneficiaries of such Transferred Employee, as the case may be) under the same
terms and conditions as apply to comparable employees of Buyer, and Seller shall
have no obligation to provide retiree medical, health, and life benefits in
respect of any Transferred Employee on or after the Closing Date.

                           (ii) Subject to Section 11.4, below, following the
retirement from Buyer and its Affiliates or any successor thereof of a
Transferred Employee who is not subject to a collective bargaining agreement as
of the Closing Date, who has combined age and years of accredited service
(within the meaning of the Seller Pension Plan) as of the Closing Date equal to
at least 66, and who as of his or her retirement has combined age and years of
accredited service (within the meaning of the Seller Pension Plan) equal to at
least 76 and at least 15 years of accredited service (within the meaning of the
Seller Pension Plan) (a "Retired Nonunion Transferred Employee"), Seller shall
provide or cause to be provided to each such Retired Nonunion Transferred
Employee (and/or his or her dependents and beneficiaries) retiree medical,
health, and life benefits under terms and conditions that are substantially
identical to the terms and conditions under the corresponding programs offered
by Seller to its similarly situated noncollectively bargained employees retiring
as of the Closing Date; provided that nothing in this subsection (b)(ii) shall
be construed to prevent any Retired Nonunion Transferred Employee (or his or her
dependents or beneficiaries) from voluntarily relinquishing such benefits. For a
period of five (5) years following the retirement of each Retired Nonunion
Transferred Employee from Buyer and its Affiliates or any successor thereof,
Buyer shall reimburse Seller, in accordance with this subsection (b)(ii), for
the cost of the retiree medical, health, and life coverage for which Seller is
responsible and that Seller actually provides pursuant to this subsection
(b)(ii). The five (5) year time period for this reimbursement obligation shall
be determined separately in respect of each Retired Nonunion Transferred
Employee. For each year for which Buyer is required to reimburse Seller under
this subsection (b)(ii), Buyer shall pay Seller annually in arrears, within 30
days after Seller provides a statement therefor to Buyer, (A) $4,000 with
respect to each Retired Nonunion Transferred Employee who has not yet attained

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age 65 during the year for which the payment is made and $4,000 with respect to
each spouse who is covered with respect to a Retired Nonunion Transferred
Employee and who has not yet attained age 65 during the year for which the
payment is made, and (B) $1,800 with respect to each Retired Nonunion
Transferred Employee who has attained at least age 65 during the year for which
the payment is made and $1,800 with respect to each spouse who is covered with
respect to a Retired Nonunion Transferred Employee and who has attained at least
age 65 during the year for which the payment is made. No reimbursement shall be
due with respect to any dependent, other than a spouse, covered with respect to
a Retired Nonunion Transferred Employee. The reimbursement obligation for
partial years shall be prorated based on the portion of the year covered by the
obligation. Each Retired Nonunion Transferred Employee (or his or her dependent
or beneficiary, as the case may be) who is provided benefits by Seller under
this subsection (b)(ii) shall be required to pay to Seller any premium,
contribution or other payment required under, and shall be subject to any
copayment or deductible required under, the terms of Seller's applicable retiree
medical, health, or life benefit plan; to the extent that any amount
constituting such a payment is deducted from any plan, program, or arrangement
maintained by Buyer or one of its Affiliates or is otherwise paid to Buyer or
one of its Affiliates by such person, Buyer shall cause such amount to be paid
to Seller as soon as administratively practicable.

                           (iii) In addition to any other benefits to be
provided pursuant to this Article XI, following the retirement from Buyer and
its Affiliates or any successor thereof of a Transferred Employee who is subject
to a collective bargaining agreement as of the Closing Date and who as of his or
her retirement has combined age and years of accredited service (within the
meaning of the Seller Pension Plan) equal to at least 76 and at least 15 years
of accredited service (within the meaning of the Seller Pension Plan) (a
"Retired Union Transferred Employee"), Buyer shall provide or cause to be
provided to each such Retired Union Transferred Employee (and/or his or her
dependents and beneficiaries) retiree medical, health, and life benefits, for a
period of at least five (5) years following the Closing Date, under terms and
conditions that are substantially identical to the terms and conditions under
the corresponding programs offered by Seller to its similarly situated
collectively bargained employees retiring as of the Closing Date.

                           (iv) Benefits provided pursuant to subsections
(b)(ii) and (b)(iii) of this Section (b) (including for this purpose, the
determination of who is eligible for such benefits) shall take into account
service with Buyer or any of its Affiliates on and after the Closing Date in the
same manner as if such post-Closing Date service was performed with Seller.
Buyer shall provide Seller with such information as shall be reasonably required
to implement the immediately preceding sentence with respect to subsection
(b)(ii) of this Section (b).

                  (c) Buyer shall refer to GTE Service Corporation and GTE
Service Corporation shall assume responsibility for any valid claim under a
Seller Welfare Plan for disability, medical, or dental benefits made by a
Transferred Employee on or after the Closing Date arising from a disability or
loss incurred on or before the Closing Date. Nothing in this Section 11.2.3
shall require Seller, any Affiliate of Seller, or the Seller Welfare Plans to
make any payment or to provide any benefit not otherwise provided by the terms
of the Seller Welfare Plans.

                  (d) Seller, Buyer, their respective Affiliates, and the Seller
Welfare Plans and the Buyer Welfare Plans shall assist and cooperate with each
other in the disposition of claims made under the Seller Welfare Plans pursuant
to subsection (c) of this Section 11.2.3, and in providing each other with any
records, documents, or other information within its control or to which it has
access that is reasonably requested by any other as necessary or appropriate to
the disposition, settlement, or defense of such claims.

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<PAGE>

                  (e) Except as otherwise provided in Section 11.2.3(f), nothing
in this Agreement shall require Seller or its Affiliates to transfer assets or
reserves with respect to the Seller Welfare Plans to Buyer or the Buyer Welfare
Plans.

                  (f) Seller will make available to Buyer, prior to the Closing
Date, a list of those Transferred Employees that have participated in the health
or dependent care reimbursement accounts of Seller under the GTE Flexible
Reimbursement Plan (the "FRP"), together with the elections made prior to the
Closing Date with respect to such accounts through the Closing Date, any
balances standing to the credit of Transferred Employees, and the corresponding
amounts being transferred to the corresponding Buyer's plan in accordance with
the following sentence. As of the Closing Date, Seller shall cause the portion
of the FRP applicable to Transferred Employees to be segregated into a separate
component and all account balances of the Transferred Employees in the FRP shall
be transferred to a flexible reimbursement plan that Buyer shall cause to be
maintained for the duration of the calendar year in which the Closing Date
occurs.

                  (g) On and for a period of at least three (3) years after the
Closing Date, Transferred Employees not subject to a collective bargaining
agreement shall be eligible for benefits under a Buyer severance or separation
pay policy or plans that are the same as or comparable to the severance or
separation pay policy benefits that are provided by Seller (or the applicable
Affiliate, if the Transferred Employee is employed by an employer other than the
Seller) or a Seller Pension Plan as of the Closing Date. Buyer shall recognize
the service of each such Transferred Employee with Seller and its Affiliates for
eligibility, vesting, and benefit determinations under the Buyer severance or
separation pay policy or plan. Transferred Employees subject to a collective
bargaining agreement shall be eligible for severance or separation pay benefits
in accordance with the terms of the applicable collective bargaining agreement.

         11.3 Miscellaneous Benefits.

              11.3.1 Vacation.

                  (a) On or after the Closing Date, Buyer shall allow
Transferred Employees to receive paid time off in the calendar year of the
Closing for any unused vacation time accrued prior to the Closing Date. Seller
and its Affiliates shall have no liability to Transferred Employees for the
vacation payments described in this Section 11.3.1. Seller shall pay Transferred
Employees any banked vacation on or before the Closing Date. Schedule 11.3.1 to
be prepared by Seller and submitted to Buyer on or before the Closing Date shall
list the accrued but unused vacation pay, as of the Closing Date, of each
Transferred Employee for the calendar year in which the Closing Date occurs.

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                  (b) For purposes of determining a Transferred Employee's
eligibility for vacation under Buyer's vacation plan, a Transferred Employee
shall be credited, as of the first day of the first calendar year that begins
after the calendar year in which the Closing Date occurs, with service for the
calendar year in which the Closing Date occurs in an amount equal to the
aggregate of the Transferred Employee's service with both Seller and Buyer
during the calendar year in which the Closing Date occurs.

              11.3.2 Transferred Employee Statements. Within sixty (60) days
after the Closing Date, Seller shall prepare and distribute to all Transferred
Employees an accurate and complete statement of their accrued benefits under
Seller's Pension Plans as of the Closing Date and shall provide Buyer with a
true and complete copy of the same. Such statements shall be sufficiently
detailed to readily permit Buyer and the Transferred Employees to determine the
accuracy thereof.

         11.4 Employee Rights.

              Nothing herein expressed or implied shall confer upon any employee
of Seller or its Affiliates, or Buyer or its Affiliates, or upon any legal
representative of such employee, or upon any collective bargaining agent, any
rights or remedies, including any right to employment or continued employment
for any specified period, of any nature or kind whatsoever under or by reason of
this Agreement.

              Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to confer upon any
person (nor any beneficiary thereof) any rights under or with respect to any
plan, program, or arrangement described in or contemplated by this Agreement,
and each person (and any beneficiary thereof) shall be entitled to look only to
the express terms of any such plan, program, or arrangement for his or her
rights thereunder.

              Nothing in this Agreement shall cause Buyer or its Affiliates, nor
Seller or its Affiliates to have any obligation to provide employment or any
employee benefits to any individual who is not a Transferred Employee or, except
as otherwise provided in Section 11.1.2 with respect to employment agreements,
to continue to employ any Transferred Employee for any period of time following
the Closing Date.

         11.5 WARN Act Requirements.

              On and after the Closing Date, Buyer shall be responsible with
respect to Transferred Employees and their beneficiaries for compliance with the
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988 and any other
applicable law, including any requirement to provide for and discharge any and
all notifications, benefits, and liabilities to Transferred Employees and
government agencies that might be imposed as a result of the consummation of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement or otherwise.

         11.6 Indemnification.

              11.6.1 Indemnification of Seller. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary in Article 12 of this Agreement, Buyer shall indemnify and hold
harmless Seller, its Affiliates, and their respective directors, officers,

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employees, agents, and assigns, and each employee benefit plan or arrangement
maintained or contributed to by Seller or an Affiliate thereof (whether or not
such plan or arrangement is an "employee benefit plan" within the meaning of
Section 3(3) of ERISA) and its administrators, fiduciaries, and agents, from and
against any and all claims, demands, actions, administrative or other
proceedings, causes of action, liability, loss, cost, damage, and expense
(including reasonable attorneys' fees) (i) in any way arising out of or incurred
as a result of any action by Buyer, its Affiliates, their respective directors,
officers, employees, or agents, the administrators or fiduciaries of any
employee benefit plan maintained or contributed to by Buyer or an Affiliate
thereof (whether or not such plan or arrangement is an "employee benefit plan"
within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA), or any of their successors, except
as otherwise expressly permitted under this Agreement, to change, reduce
contributions to, terminate, fail to continue, fail to pay benefits under, or
fail to manage or administer properly any employee benefit plan or arrangement
(whether or not such plan or arrangement is an "employee benefit plan" within
the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA) on or after the Closing Date, or (ii) in
any way arising out of or incurred as a result of any action that is a breach of
any the covenants, representations, warranties, or obligations of any such
person under this Agreement.

              11.6.2 Indemnification of Buyer. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary in Article 12 of the Agreement, Seller shall indemnify and hold
harmless Buyer, its Affiliates, and their respective directors, officers,
employees, agents, and assigns, and each employee benefit plan or arrangement
maintained or contributed to by Buyer or an Affiliate thereof (whether or not
such plan or arrangement is an "employee benefit plan" within the meaning of
Section 3(3) of ERISA) and its administrators, fiduciaries, and agents, from and
against any and all claims, demands, actions, administrative or other
proceedings, causes of action, liability, loss, cost, damage, and expense
(including reasonable attorneys' fees) (i) in any way arising out of or incurred
as a result of any action by Seller, its Affiliates, their respective directors,
officers, employees, or agents, the administrators or fiduciaries of any
employee benefit plan maintained or contributed to by Seller or an Affiliate
thereof (whether or not such plan or arrangement is an "employee benefit plan"
within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA), or any of their successors, to
fail to pay benefits under, or fail to manage or administer properly any
employee benefit plan or arrangement (whether or not such plan or arrangement is
an "employee benefit plan" within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA) before
the Closing Date, or (ii) in any way arising out of or incurred as a result of
any action that is a breach of any the covenants, representations, warranties,
or obligations of any such person under this Agreement.

                                   ARTICLE 12
                                 INDEMNIFICATION

         12.1 Survival of Representations. Warranties and Covenants.

                  (a) The representations and warranties contained in Sections
8.1.6 and 8.2.6 will survive the Closing and remain in full force and effect
indefinitely. Each of the other representations and warranties contained in
Article 8 will terminate, without further action, on the date which is fifteen
(15) months following the Closing Date (the "Expiration Date").

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<PAGE>

                  (b) This Article 12 shall survive any termination of this
Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements and the indemnification contained in this
Article 12 shall survive the Closing and shall remain in effect (i)
indefinitely, with respect to any Indemnifiable Claim related to the breach of
any representation or warranty which pursuant to Section 12.1(a) survives
indefinitely, (ii) indefinitely or for the applicable period of performance for
such covenant (provided that in the case of covenants, the Indemnitee shall have
60 days after the end of such performance period to provide notice to the
Indemnifying Party of a claim for indemnification arising during the performance
period), with respect to any Indemnifiable Claim arising under Section
12.2(a)(ii)(B) (post closing covenants), (iii) indefinitely, with respect to any
Indemnifiable Claim arising under Section 12.2(a)(iii) (Retained Liabilities) or
12.2(b)(iii) (Assumed Liabilities), and (iv) until the Expiration Date for any
Indemnifiable Claims that are not specified in any of the preceding clauses.
Unless a claim for indemnification with respect to any alleged breach of any
representation or warranty is asserted by notice given as herein provided that
specifically identifies a particular breach and the underlying facts relating
thereto, which notice is given within the applicable period of survival for such
representation or warranty, such claim may not be pursued and is irrevocably
waived after such time. Without limiting the generality or effect of the
foregoing, no claim for indemnification with respect to any representation or
warranty will be deemed to have been properly made except (i) to the extent it
is based upon a Third Party Claim made or brought prior to the expiration of the
survival period for such representation or warranty, or (ii) to the extent based
on Indemnifiable Losses actually incurred by an Indemnitee prior to the
expiration of the survival period for such representation or warranty.

         12.2 Indemnification.

                  (a) Following the Closing and subject to the other sections of
this Article 12, Seller will indemnify, defend and hold harmless Buyer and its
Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, and agents from and against
all Indemnifiable Losses relating to, resulting from or arising out of (i) any
inaccuracy in any of the representations and warranties made by Seller in
Section 8.1 of this Agreement, (ii) a breach by Seller of any covenant of Seller
contained in this Agreement, which covenant requires performance by Seller (A)
prior to or at the Closing, or (B) after the Closing, and (iii) any of the
Retained Liabilities.

                  (b) Following the Closing and subject to the other sections of
this Article 12, Buyer will indemnify, defend and hold harmless Seller and its
Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, and agents from and against
all Indemnifiable Losses relating to, resulting from or arising out of (i) any
inaccuracy in any of the representations or warranties made by Buyer in Section
8.2 of this Agreement, (ii) a breach by Buyer of any covenant of Buyer contained
in this Agreement, which covenant requires performance by Buyer prior to, at or
after the Closing, and (iii) any of the Assumed Liabilities.

                  (c) Payments made under this Section 12.2 shall be treated by
Buyer and Seller as purchase price adjustments and Buyer and Seller shall file
all Tax Returns consistent with such treatment. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary contained herein, neither party shall be indemnified or reimbursed for
any Tax consequences arising from the receipt or accrual of an indemnity payment
hereunder including any Tax consequences arising from adjustments to the basis
of any asset resulting from an adjustment to the Purchase Price or any
additional or reduced taxes resulting from any such basis adjustment.

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                  (d) In the event that a claim against an Indemnifying Party
arises under both Section 12.2(a)(i) and Section 12.2(a)(ii), or under both
Section 12.2(b)(i) and Section 12.2(b)(ii), then the Indemnitee's rights to
pursue its claim under Section 12.2(a)(ii) or Section 12.2(b)(ii), as
applicable, will exist notwithstanding the provisions of Section 12.3(d).

                  (e) In the event that a claim against an Indemnifying Party
arises under both Section 12.2(a)(i) and Section 12.2(a)(iii), or under both
Section 12.2(b)(i) and Section 12.2(b)(iii), then the Indemnitee's rights to
pursue the claim under Section 12.2(a)(iii) or Section 12.2(b)(iii), as
applicable, will exist notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 12.3(d).

                  (f) In the event a claim against an Indemnifying Party arises
under both Section 12.2(a)(ii) and 12.2(a)(iii), or under both Section
12.2(b)(ii) and 12.2(b)(iii), then the Indemnitee's rights to pursue the claim
under Section 12.2(a)(iii) or Section 12.2(b)(iii), as applicable, will exist
notwithstanding the provisions of Section 12.3(d).

         12.3 Limitations on Liability.

                  (a) For purposes of this Agreement, (i) "Indemnification
Payment" means any amount of Indemnifiable Losses required to be paid pursuant
to this Agreement, (ii) "Indemnitee" means any person or entity entitled to
indemnification under this Agreement, (iii) "Indemnifying Party" means any
person or entity required to provide indemnification under this Agreement, and
(iv) "Indemnifiable Losses" means any losses, liabilities, damages, costs and
expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses) actually incurred
in connection with any actions, suits, demands, assessments, judgments and
settlements, in any such case (x) reduced by the amount of insurance proceeds
recovered from any person or entity with respect thereto, and (y) excluding any
such losses, liabilities damages, costs and expenses to the extent that the
underlying liability or obligation is the result of any action taken or omitted
to be taken by any Indemnitee.

                  (b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this
Agreement, if the Closing occurs, (i) no claim for indemnification may be
asserted under Section 12.2(a) with respect to any matter discovered by or known
to Buyer on or before the date of this Agreement, or after the date of this
Agreement and on or before the Closing Date to the extent that Buyer has not
provided timely notice to Seller of the existence of such claim in accordance
with Section 10.2, and (ii) no claim for indemnification may be asserted under
Section 12.2(b) with respect to any matter discovered by or known to Seller on
or before the Closing Date.

                  (c) As between Seller and any Affiliate of Seller, on the one
hand, and Buyer and any Affiliate of Buyer, on the other hand, the remedies,
rights and obligations set forth in this Article 12, Sections 10.1.2, 11.2.2,
11.6, 13.3 and the Ancillary Agreements will be the exclusive remedies, rights
and obligations with respect to the liabilities and obligations referred to in
Section 12.2 and any breach of the representations, warranties or covenants set
forth in this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing, as a material
inducement to entering into this Agreement, to the fullest extent permitted by
law, each of the parties waives any claim or cause of action that it otherwise
might assert, and any breach of the representations, warranties or covenants set
forth in this Agreement, except for claims or causes of action brought under and
subject to the terms and conditions of this Article 12 and Sections 10.1.2, 11.6
and 13.3 or any Indemnifiable Losses arising out of actual fraud.

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<PAGE>

                  (d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement or
of any applicable Law, no Indemnitee will be entitled to make a claim against an
Indemnifying Party under Sections 11.2.2, 11.6, 12.2(a)(i) or 12.2(b)(i) until:

                           (i) the aggregate amount of Indemnifiable Losses
incurred by the Indemnitee for any individual occurrence or related series of
occurrences giving rise to such Indemnifiable Losses exceeds $25,000, and

                           (ii) the aggregate amount of claims that may be
asserted for such Indemnifiable Losses pursuant to Section 12.3(d)(i) exceeds an
amount equal to 2% of the Purchase Price, but only to the extent such amount, if
any, (a) exceeds an amount equal to 2% of the Purchase Price and (b) is less
than the amount set forth in Section 12.3(e).

                  (e) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the
indemnification obligations of Seller under Section 12.2(a) (except with respect
to indemnification for inaccuracies of the representations contained in Sections
8.1.1 through 8.1.6) or the indemnification obligation of Buyer under Section
12.2(b) will not exceed the amount of an amount equal to 6.5% of the Purchase
Price respectively.

                  (f) No Indemnifying Party shall be liable to or obligated to
indemnify any Indemnitee hereunder for any consequential, special, multiple,
punitive or exemplary damages including, but not limited to, damages arising
from loss or interruption of business, profits, business opportunities or
goodwill, loss of use of facilities, loss of capital, claims of customers, or
any cost or expense related thereto, except to the extent such damages have been
recovered by a third person and are the subject of a Third Party Claim for which
indemnification is available under the express terms of this Section 12.

                  (g) Seller and Buyer shall cooperate with each other with
respect to resolving any claim or liability with respect to which one party is
obligated to indemnify the other party hereunder, including by making
commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate or resolve any such claim or
liability.

         12.4 Defense of Claims.

                  (a) If any Indemnitee receives notice of the assertion of any
claim or of the commencement of any action or proceeding by any entity that is
not a party to this Agreement or an Affiliate of such a party (a "Third Party
Claim") against such Indemnitee, with respect to which an Indemnifying Party is
obligated to provide indemnification under this Agreement, the Indemnitee will
give such Indemnifying Party reasonably prompt written notice thereof, but in
any event not later than ten (10) calendar days after receipt of notice of such
Third Party Claim; provided, however, that the failure of the Indemnitee to

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<PAGE>

notify the Indemnifying Party shall only relieve the Indemnifying Party from its
obligation to indemnify the Indemnitee pursuant to this Article 12 to the extent
that the Indemnifying Party is materially prejudiced by such failure (whether as
a result of the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses or otherwise). Upon
receipt of notification of a Third Party Claim, the Indemnifying Party shall be
entitled, upon written notice to the Indemnitee, to assume the investigation and
defense thereof with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnitee. Whether
or not the Indemnifying Party elects to assume the investigation and defense of
any Third Party Claim, the Indemnitee shall have the right to employ separate
counsel and to participate in the investigation and defense thereof; provided,
however, that the Indemnitee shall pay the fees and disbursements of such
separate counsel unless (i) the employment of such separate counsel has been
specifically authorized in writing by the Indemnifying Party, (ii) the
Indemnifying Party has failed to assume the defense of such Third Party Claim
within reasonable time after receipt of notice thereof with counsel reasonably
satisfactory to such Indemnitee, or (iii) the named parties to the proceeding in
which such claim, demand, action or cause of action has been asserted include
both the Indemnifying Party and such Indemnitee and, in the reasonable judgment
of counsel to such Indemnitee, there exists one or more defenses that may be
available to the Indemnitee that are in conflict with those available to the
Indemnifying Party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Indemnifying Party shall
not be liable for the fees and disbursements of more than one counsel for all
Indemnified Parties in connection with any one proceeding or any similar or
related proceedings arising from the same general allegations or circumstances.
Without the prior written consent of the Indemnitee, the Indemnifying Party will
not enter into any settlement of any Third Party Claim that would lead to
liability or create any financial or other obligation on the part of the
Indemnitee unless such settlement includes as an unconditional term thereof the
release of the Indemnitee from all liability in respect of such Third Party
Claim. If a settlement offer solely for money damages is made by the applicable
third party claimant, and the Indemnifying Party notifies the Indemnitee in
writing of the Indemnifying Party's willingness to accept the settlement offer
and pay the amount called for by such offer without reservation of any rights or
defenses against the Indemnitee, the Indemnitee may continue to contest such
claim, free of any participation by the Indemnifying Party, and the amount of
any ultimate liability with respect to such Third Party Claim that the
Indemnifying Party has an obligation to pay hereunder shall be limited to the
lesser of (A) the amount of the settlement offer that the Indemnitee declined to
accept plus the Losses of the Indemnitee relating to such Third Party Claim
through the date of its rejection of the settlement offer or (B) the aggregate
Losses of the Indemnitee with respect to such claim.

                  (b) Any claim by an Indemnitee on account of an Indemnifiable
Loss that does not result from a Third Party Claim (a "Direct Claim") will be
asserted by giving the Indemnifying Party reasonably prompt written notice
thereof, but in any event not later than thirty (30) calendar days after an
Executive Officer of the Indemnitee becomes actually aware of the incurrence
thereof, and the Indemnifying Party will have a period of thirty (30) calendar
days within which to respond in writing to such Direct Claim. If the
Indemnifying Party does not so respond within such thirty (30) calendar day
period, the Indemnifying Party will be deemed to have rejected such claim, in
which event the Indemnitee will be free to pursue such remedies as may be
available to the Indemnitee on the terms and subject to the provisions of this
Article 12.

                  (c) If after the making of any Indemnification Payment the
amount of the Indemnifiable Loss to which such payment relates is reduced by

                                      -66-

<PAGE>

recovery, settlement or otherwise under any insurance coverage, or pursuant to
any claim, recovery, settlement or payment by or against any other entity, the
amount of such reduction (less any costs, expenses, premiums or taxes incurred
in connection therewith) will promptly be repaid by the Indemnitee to the
Indemnifying Party. Upon making any Indemnification Payment, the Indemnifying
Party will, to the extent of such Indemnification Payment, be subrogated to all
rights of the Indemnitee against any third party that is not an Affiliate of the
Indemnitee in respect of the Indemnifiable Loss to which the Indemnification
Payment relates; provided that (i) the Indemnifying Party shall then be in
compliance with its obligations under this Agreement in respect of such
Indemnifiable Loss, and (ii) until the Indemnitee recovers full payment of its
Indemnifiable Loss, all claims of the Indemnifying Party against any such third
party on account of said Indemnification Payment will be subrogated and
subordinated in right of payment to the Indemnitee's rights against such third
party. Without limiting the generality or effect of any other provision of this
Article 12, each such Indemnitee and Indemnifying Party will duly execute upon
request all instruments reasonably necessary to evidence and perfect the
above-described subrogation and subordination rights.

12.5 No Indemnifiable Claims Resulting From Governmental Authority Action. Buyer
has no indemnifiable or otherwise compensable claim that any of Seller's
representations or warranties in Section 8.1 (other than Sections 8.1.4(b),
8.1.15 and 8.1.25) is inaccurate, or that any covenant has been breached, to the
extent that such claim is predicated on any action by the FCC or ICC undertaken
after Closing or any action the FCC or ICC requires Seller to undertake after
Closing. Buyer may only bring such a claim to the extent that its basis is
independent of any such FCC or ICC action.

                                   ARTICLE 13
                                   TERMINATION

         13.1 Termination Rights. This Agreement may be terminated at any time
prior to the Closing Date:

                  (a) at any time by mutual written consent of the parties;

                  (b) by Buyer if any of the conditions provided in Section 6.1
of this Agreement have not been met within eighteen (18) months after execution
of this Agreement and have not been waived by Buyer;

                  (c) by Seller if any of the conditions provided in Section 6.2
of this Agreement have not been met within eighteen (18) months after execution
of this Agreement and have not been waived by Seller;

                  (d) by Seller if any obligations of Buyer provided in Article
3 become incapable of being fulfilled; or

                  (e) by either party immediately upon written notice to the
other party if any Governmental Authority issues an order forbidding or
enjoining the consummation of the transaction contemplated hereby and such order
has become final and non-appealable.

                                      -67-

<PAGE>

         13.2 Goodfaith Performance. Neither party shall be entitled to exercise
any right of termination pursuant to subsection 13.1(b), (c) or (d) above if
such party shall not have performed diligently and in good faith the obligations
required to be performed by such party hereunder prior to the date of
termination.

         13.3 Effect of Termination.

                  (a) If this Agreement is terminated as a result of a Material
Adverse Effect or Section 13.1(a), this Agreement shall be of no further force
and effect and there shall be no further liability hereunder (except the
obligations under the Confidentiality Agreement and the liability for breach of
such obligations) on the part of either party or their respective Affiliates,
directors, officers, shareholders, agents or other representatives.

                  (b) If this Agreement is terminated by Buyer pursuant to
Section 13.1(b), this Agreement shall be of no further force and effect and
there shall be no further obligations or liability hereunder (except the
obligations under the Confidentiality Agreement and the liability for breach of
such obligations) on the part of either party or their respective Affiliates,
directors, officers, shareholders, agents or other representatives; provided,
however, that no such termination shall relieve Seller of liability for any
claims, damages or losses suffered by Buyer as a result of the negligent or
willful failure of Seller to perform any obligations required to be performed by
it hereunder on or prior to the date of termination. Notwithstanding anything
herein to the contrary, in no event shall the any act or omission of Seller in
connection with the Merger be deemed to be a breach of the terms and conditions
of this Agreement for purposes of this Section 13.3(b).

                  (c) If this Agreement is terminated by Seller pursuant to
Section 13.1(c) or (d), this Agreement shall be of no further force and effect
and there shall be no further obligations or liability hereunder (except the
obligations under the Confidentiality Agreement and the liability for breach of
such obligations) on the part of either party or their respective Affiliates,
directors, officers, shareholders, agents or other representatives; provided,
however, that in the event such termination is the result of the breach by Buyer
of any of its obligations required to be performed by it hereunder on or prior
to the date of termination, and Buyer has failed to cure such non-performance
within a reasonable period after notice from Seller, then Buyer shall pay to
Seller liquidated damages in an amount equal to ten (10) percent of the Purchase
Price. Such liquidated damages amount is designed to compensate Seller for its
lost opportunity costs and reliance damages caused by such termination. Buyer
shall promptly pay such amount to Seller in immediately available funds
following such termination.

                  (d) Upon any termination of the Agreement, each of the parties
shall promptly comply with the obligations of the Confidentiality Agreement
regarding return or destruction of Evaluation Material of the other party.

                  (e) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein,
the provisions of this Section 13.3 and of Sections 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.8,
14.11, 14.13 and 14.14 shall survive any termination of this Agreement.

                                      -68-

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE 14
                                  MISCELLANEOUS

         14.1 Notices. All notices and other communications required or
permitted hereunder shall be in writing and, unless otherwise provided in this
Agreement, will be deemed to have been given when delivered in person or
dispatched by electronic facsimile transfer (confirmed in writing by certified
mail, concurrently dispatched) or one business day after having been dispatched
for next-day delivery by a nationally recognized overnight courier service to
the appropriate party at the address specified below:

                  (a)      If to Buyer, to:

                           Citizens Utilities Company
                           High Ridge Park
                           Stamford, Connecticut  06905
                           Attention:  Donald P. Weinstein
                           Facsimile No.: (203) 614-4625

                           With a copy to:

                           Citizens Utilities Company
                           High Ridge Park
                           Stamford, Connecticut  06905
                           Attention:  L. Russell Mitten, II, Esq.
                           Facsimile No.: (203) 614-4625

                           Fleischman and Walsh, L.L.P.
                           1400 Sixteenth Street, N.W.
                           Washington, D.C.  20036
                           Attention:  Jeffry L. Hardin, Esq.
                           Facsimile No.: (202) 387-3467

                  (b)      If to Seller, to:

                           William M. Edwards, III
                           Vice President - Property Repositioning
                           600 Hidden Ridge, HQE02J27
                           Irving, TX  75038
                           Facsimile No. (972) 719-7062

                                      -69-

<PAGE>

                           With a copy to:

                           Dale R. Chamberlain
                           Legal Counsel - Property Repositioning
                           600 Hidden Ridge, HQE02J34
                           Irving, TX  75038
                           Facsimile No. (972) 719-7162

                  or to such other address or addresses as any such party may
from time to time designate for itself by like notice.

         14.2 Information Releases. The parties shall consult with each other
(and allow the other party notice, and a reasonable time to comment) in
preparing any employee announcement, press release, public announcement, news
media response or other form of release of information concerning this Agreement
or the transactions contemplated hereby that is intended to provide such
information to the employees generally, news media or the public. Neither party
shall issue or cause the publication of any press release, public announcement
or media response without the prior written consent of the other party;
provided, however, that, after allowing the other party notice and a reasonable
time to comment prior to issuance, nothing herein will prohibit either party
from making an employee announcement, or issuing or causing publication of any
press release, public announcement or media response to the extent that such
action is required by applicable Law or the rules of any national stock exchange
applicable to such party or its Affiliates.

         14.3 Expenses. Whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby are
consummated and except as otherwise expressly provided herein, each party will
pay any expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by it incidental to this
Agreement and in consummating the transactions provided for herein.

         14.4 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement will be binding upon and
inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and
permitted assigns, but is not assignable or delegable by any party without the
prior written consent of the other party; provided, that (a) Seller may assign
this Agreement to an Affiliate of Seller without the consent of Buyer including,
on and after the closing of the Merger, the ultimate parent entity of the
successor corporation to such merger or any entity controlled thereby; and (b)
Buyer may assign this Agreement, without the prior written consent of Seller, to
any directly or indirectly wholly owned subsidiary of Buyer provided such
subsidiary assumes in writing all the duties and obligations of Buyer hereunder.
No such assignment by Buyer shall in any way operate to enlarge, alter or change
any obligation due to Seller or relieve Buyer of its obligations hereunder if
such subsidiary fails to perform such obligations, with the understanding that
Buyer shall be jointly and severally liable with such subsidiary for any
non-performance of Buyer's obligations hereunder.

         14.5 Amendments. This Agreement may be amended or modified only by a
subsequent writing signed by authorized representatives of both parties.

                                      -70-

<PAGE>

         14.6 Captions. The captions set forth in this Agreement are for
convenience only and shall not be considered as part of this Agreement, nor as
in any way limiting or amplifying the terms and provisions hereof.

         14.7 Entire Agreement. The term "Agreement" shall mean collectively
this document, the Schedules hereto and any agreements expressly incorporated
herein. This Agreement supersedes and revokes any prior discussions and
representations, other agreements, commitments, arrangements or understandings
of any sort whatsoever, whether oral or written, that may have been made or
entered into by the parties relating to the matters contemplated hereby. This
Agreement, the Confidentiality Agreement and the Ancillary Documents constitute
the entire agreement by and among the parties with respect to the subject matter
hereof, and there are no representations, warranties, agreements, commitments,
arrangements or understandings except as expressly set forth herein.

         14.8 Waiver. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement,
neither the failure nor any delay on the part of any party to exercise any
right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall
any single or partial exercise or waiver of any such right, power or privilege
preclude any other or further exercise thereof, or the exercise of any other
right, power or privilege available to each party at law or in equity.

         14.9 Third Parties. Except as expressly provided herein, nothing
contained in this Agreement is intended to confer upon any Person, other than
the parties hereto and their successors and permitted assigns, any rights or
remedies under or by reason of this Agreement.

         14.10 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more
counterparts, any or all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument.

         14.11 Governing Law. This Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements shall
in all respects be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the
State of New York (except that no effect shall be given to any conflicts of law
principles of the State of New York that would require the application of the
laws of any other jurisdiction). The parties irrevocably submit to the exclusive
jurisdiction of any New York State Court or any Federal Court located in the
borough of Manhattan in the City of New York for purposes of any suit, action or
other proceeding arising out of this Agreement, the Ancillary Agreements or any
transaction contemplated hereby or thereby. The parties agree that service of
process, summons or notice or document by U.S. registered mail to such party's
respective address set forth in Section 14.1 shall be effective service of
process for any action, suit or proceeding in New York with respect to any
matters to which it has submitted to jurisdiction as set forth above in the
immediately preceding sentence. The parties hereto irrevocably and
unconditionally waive trial by jury in any legal action or proceeding relating
to this Agreement or any other agreement entered into in connection therewith
and for any counterclaim with respect thereto. In the event of any breach of the
provisions of this Agreement or any other agreement entered into in connection
therewith, the non-breaching party shall be entitled to equitable relief,
including in the form of injunctions and orders for specific performance, where
the applicable legal standards for such relief in such courts are met, in
addition to all other remedies available to the non-breaching party with respect
thereto at law or in equity.

                                      -71-

<PAGE>

         14.12 Further Assurances. From time to time, as and when requested by
one of the parties, the other party will use its commercially reasonable efforts
to execute and deliver, or cause to be executed and delivered, all such
documents and instruments as may be reasonably necessary or appropriate, in the
reasonable opinion of counsel for Seller and Buyer, to consummate and make
effective the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

         14.13 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to
be invalid, illegal or unenforceable by any Governmental Authority, the
remaining provisions of this Agreement to the extent permitted by Law shall
remain in full force and effect provided that the essential terms and conditions
of this Agreement for both parties remain valid, binding and enforceable and
provided that the economic and legal substance of the transactions contemplated
is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any party. In the event of
any such determination, the parties agree to negotiate in good faith to modify
this Agreement to fulfill as closely as possible the original intents and
purposes hereof. To the extent permitted by Law, the parties hereby to the same
extent waive any provision of Law that renders any provision hereof prohibited
or unenforceable in any respect.

         14.14 Representation by Counsel; Interpretation. Seller and Buyer each
acknowledge that each party to this Agreement has been represented by counsel in
connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement. Accordingly, any rule of Law or any legal decision that would require
interpretation of any claimed ambiguities in this Agreement against the party
that drafted it has no application and is expressly waived. The provisions of
this Agreement shall be interpreted in a reasonable manner to effect the intent
of Buyer and Seller.

                                      -72-

<PAGE>

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties, acting through their duly authorized
agents, have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the
date first above written.

GTE NORTH INCORPORATED                              CITIZENS UTILITIES COMPANY

By:                                                 By:
     ---------------------------------------            ------------------------

Name:  William M. Edwards, III                      Name:
     -------------------------------                     -----------------------

Title:  VP - Property Repositioning                Title:
       -----------------------------                     ----------------------

GTE SOUTH INCORPORATED

By:
    -------------------------------------
Name:  William M. Edwards, III
     ------------------------------------
Title:    VP - Property Repositioning
      ------------------------------------

(Signature page for Asset Purchase Agreement between GTE North Incorporated, GTE
South Incorporated and Citizens Utilities Company dated ________________.)

                                      -73-<PAGE>

                                                                  EXECUTION COPY
                                                                  --------------

                           PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT
                               (ARIZONA ELECTRIC)

                                     between

                           CITIZENS UTILITIES COMPANY,

                          CAP ROCK ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE

                                       and

                           CAP ROCK ENERGY CORPORATION

                          Dated as of February 11, 2000

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                                                                               Page
<S>      <C>      <C>       <C>                                                                                  <C>
ARTICLE I         DEFINITIONS.....................................................................................1
         Section 1.1       Certain Defined Terms..................................................................1
         Section 1.2       Other Defined Terms....................................................................9

ARTICLE II        PURCHASE AND SALE...............................................................................9
         Section 2.1       Purchase and Sale of Assets............................................................9
         Section 2.2       Assumed Liabilities....................................................................9
         Section 2.3       Retained Liabilities..................................................................11
         Section 2.4       Condition on Assignment or Assumption of Contracts and Rights.........................12

ARTICLE III       PURCHASE PRICE.................................................................................12
         Section 3.1       Purchase Price........................................................................12
         Section 3.2       Deposit...............................................................................13
         Section 3.3       Calculation of Purchase Price.........................................................13
         Section 3.4       Prorations and Adjustments as of the Closing Date.....................................14

ARTICLE IV        REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BUYER........................................................15
         Section 4.1       Organization, Existence and Qualification.............................................15
         Section 4.2       Authority Relative to this Agreement and Binding Effect...............................15
         Section 4.3       Governmental Approvals................................................................15
         Section 4.4       Availability of Funds.................................................................15
         Section 4.5       Filings...............................................................................16
         Section 4.6       Brokers...............................................................................16
         Section 4.7       Independent Investigation.............................................................16
         Section 4.8       Public Utility Holding Company Status; Regulation as a Public Utility.................16
         Section 4.9       Buyer's Financial Statements..........................................................16
         Section 4.10      Buyer's Insurance. ...................................................................16

ARTICLE V         REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF SELLER  .....................................................17
         Section 5.1       Organization, Existence and Qualification.............................................17
         Section 5.2       Authority Relative to this Agreement and Binding Effect...............................17
         Section 5.3       Governmental and Other Required Consents..............................................17
         Section 5.4       Public Utility Holding Company Status; Regulation as a Public Utility.................17
         Section 5.5       Title to Assets; Liens................................................................18
         Section 5.6       Financial Statements..................................................................18
         Section 5.7       Compliance with Legal Requirements; Governmental Permits.  ...........................19
         Section 5.8       Legal Proceedings; Outstanding Orders. ...............................................19
         Section 5.9       Taxes.................................................................................19
         Section 5.10      Intellectual Property.................................................................20
         Section 5.11      Personal Property.....................................................................20
         Section 5.12      Material Contracts; Existing Loan Documents...........................................20
         Section 5.13      Employee Benefit Matters..............................................................20
         Section 5.14      Environmental Matters.................................................................21
         Section 5.15      No Material Adverse Change............................................................21
         Section 5.16      State and Federal Regulatory Matters..................................................22
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                                               Page
<S>      <C>      <C>       <C>                                                                                  <C>
         Section 5.17      Brokers...............................................................................22
         Section 5.18      Employee Relations....................................................................23
         Section 5.19      Insurance.............................................................................23
         Section 5.20      Accounts Receivable...................................................................23
         Section 5.21      Appropriate Knowledge Persons.........................................................23
         Section 5.22      Local Furnishing......................................................................23
         Section 5.23      Disclaimer............................................................................24

ARTICLE VI        COVENANTS......................................................................................24
         Section 6.1       Covenants of Seller...................................................................24
         Section 6.2       Covenants of Buyer....................................................................27
         Section 6.3       Governmental Filings..................................................................28
         Section 6.4       Citizens Marks........................................................................28
         Section 6.5       Acknowledgment by Buyer...............................................................29
         Section 6.6       Transition Plan.  ....................................................................29
         Section 6.7       IDRB Obligations......................................................................30
         Section 6.8       Title Insurance.......................................................................31

ARTICLE VII       CONDITIONS PRECEDENT...........................................................................32
         Section 7.1       Seller's Conditions Precedent to Closing..............................................32
         Section 7.2       Buyer's Conditions Precedent to Closing...............................................33

ARTICLE VIII      CLOSING........................................................................................34
         Section 8.1       Closing...............................................................................34

ARTICLE IX        TERMINATION....................................................................................35
         Section 9.1       Termination Rights....................................................................35
         Section 9.2       Limitation on Right to Terminate: Effect of Termination...............................37

ARTICLE X         EMPLOYEE MATTERS...............................................................................37
         Section 10.1      Employment of Transferred Employees...................................................37
         Section 10.2.     Assumption of Collective Bargaining Agreement Obligations.............................38
         Section 10.3      Cessation of Participation in Seller's Plans; Proration of Bonuses....................38
         Section 10.4      Similarity of Benefit Packages........................................................39
         Section 10.5      Defined Benefit Pension Plan..........................................................39
         Section 10.6      401(k) Plan...........................................................................39
         Section 10.7      Welfare Benefits......................................................................40
         Section 10.8      Flexible Spending Accounts............................................................41
         Section 10.9      Employment Agreements.................................................................41
         Section 10.10     Vacation..............................................................................41
         Section 10.11     Severance.............................................................................41
</TABLE>
<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                                               Page
<S>      <C>      <C>       <C>                                                                                  <C>

ARTICLE XI        TAX MATTERS....................................................................................42
         Section 11.1      Purchase Price Allocation.............................................................42
         Section 11.2      Cooperation with Respect to Like-Kind Exchange........................................42
         Section 11.3      Transaction Taxes.....................................................................43

ARTICLE XII       ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS..........................................................................43
         Section 12.1      Environmental Due Diligence...........................................................43
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                                               Page
<S>      <C>      <C>       <C>                                                                                  <C>
ARTICLE XIII  INDEMNIFICATION....................................................................................45
         Section 13.1      Indemnification by Seller.............................................................45
         Section 13.2      Indemnification by Buyer..............................................................45
         Section 13.3      Limitations on Liability..............................................................46
         Section 13.4      Claims Procedure......................................................................49
         Section 13.5      Exclusive Remedy......................................................................50
         Section 13.6      Indemnification for Negligence........................................................50
         Section 13.7      Waiver and Release....................................................................50

ARTICLE XIV   GENERAL PROVISIONS.................................................................................51
         Section 14.1      Expenses..............................................................................51
         Section 14.2      Notices...............................................................................51
         Section 14.3      Assignment............................................................................52
         Section 14.4      Successor Bound.......................................................................52
         Section 14.5      Governing Law.........................................................................52
         Section 14.6      Dispute Resolution....................................................................52
         Section 14.7      Cooperation...........................................................................54
         Section 14.8      Construction of Agreement.............................................................54
         Section 14.9      Publicity.  ..........................................................................54
         Section 14.10     Waiver................................................................................54
         Section 14.11     Parties in Interest...................................................................54
         Section 14.12     Section and Paragraph Headings........................................................55
         Section 14.13     Amendment.............................................................................55
         Section 14.14     Entire Agreement......................................................................55
         Section 14.15     Counterparts..........................................................................55
         Section 14.16     Severability..........................................................................55
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

                    LIST OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit 6.7         Form of IDRB Obligations Agreement
Exhibit 7.1(g)      Form of Buyer's Opinion of Counsel
Exhibit 7.2(g)      Form of Seller's Opinion of Counsel
Exhibit 8.1(a)      Form of Bill of Sale

                    LIST OF SCHEDULES

Schedule 1.1(a)     Excluded Assets
Schedule 1.1(b)     Related Purchase Agreements
Schedule 5.2        Seller's Authority
Schedule 5.3        Seller's Governmental and Other Required Consents
Schedule 5.5        Encumbrances; Owned Real Property
Schedule 5.6(a)     Financial Statements
Schedule 5.6(b)     Certain Liabilities
Schedule 5.7        Compliance with Legal Requirements; Governmental Permits
Schedule 5.8        Legal Proceedings; Outstanding Orders
Schedule 5.9        Taxes
Schedule 5.10       Intellectual Property
Schedule 5.11       Extraordinary Required Repairs
Schedule 5.12       Material Contracts
Schedule 5.13       Employee Matters
Schedule 5.14       Environmental Matters
Schedule 5.15       Material Adverse Changes
Schedule 5.16       State and Federal Regulatory Matters
Schedule 5.19       Seller's Insurance
Schedule 6.1        Conduct of Business
Schedule 6.2(c)     Citizens' Guarantees and Surety Instruments
Schedule 10.1       Active Employees
Schedule 10.7       Retirees and "Grandfathered Employees"

<PAGE>

                           PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT
                               (ARIZONA ELECTRIC)

         This PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") is made as of the
11th day of February, 2000, by and between CITIZENS UTILITIES COMPANY, a
Delaware corporation ("Seller"), and CAP ROCK ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, a Texas
corporation, and CAP ROCK ENERGY CORPORATION, a Texas corporation ("Cap Rock
Energy"). Cap Rock Cooperative and Cap Rock Energy are sometimes referred to in
this Agreement individually as a "Buyer Entity" and collectively as the "Buyer".
Capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in
Article I, unless otherwise provided.

                              W I T N E S S E T H :

         WHEREAS, Seller owns all of the Assets; and

         WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase, and Seller desires to sell, the
Assets, subject in all respects to the provisions of this Agreement.

         NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and other good and
valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby
acknowledged, the parties hereby agree as follows:

                                    ARTICLE I
                                   DEFINITIONS

         Section 1.1 Certain Defined Terms. For purposes of this Agreement, the
following terms have the meanings specified or referred to in this Article I
(such definitions to be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms
of the terms defined):

         "Affiliates" or "Affiliated Entities" -- entities shall be deemed
"Affiliated" as to each other to the extent (i) one of the entities directly or
indirectly controls the other, or the direct or indirect control of one of the
entities is exercised by the officers, directors, stockholders, or partners of
the other entity (whether or not such persons exercise such control in their
capacities as officers, directors, stockholders, or partners) or (ii) is deemed
to be an Affiliate under existing statutes or regulations of the SEC.

         "Assets" -- all of the assets, property and interests of every type and
description, real, personal or mixed, tangible and intangible, owned by Seller
and relating primarily to the Business, other than the Excluded Assets.

         "Assumed Environmental Liabilities" -- means any of the following:

                  (a) All Environmental Liabilities of Seller relating to the
Business or the Assets and arising from or relating to the environmental matters
or incidents disclosed by Seller on Schedule 5.14 as of the date of execution of
this Agreement that remain outstanding as of the Closing Date, it being
understood by the parties that the unadjusted Purchase Price reflects Buyer's
estimate of any Losses that could arise after the Closing Date with respect to
such Environmental Liabilities;

<PAGE>

                  (b) All Environmental Liabilities of Seller relating to the
Business or the Assets and arising from or relating to environmental matters or
incidents that are disclosed to Buyer by Seller after the date of execution of
this Agreement (including any additional disclosures appearing on Schedule 5.14
as revised by Seller and delivered to Buyer prior to the Closing Date) but prior
to the Closing Date that remain outstanding as of the Closing Date, provided
that any Losses incurred by Buyer in connection with any such Environmental
Liability in any year in excess of $200,000 or in the aggregate (when combined
with all other Losses incurred by Buyer in connection with its performance or
discharge of other Disclosed Pre-Closing Liabilities) in excess of $2,000,000
shall be Retained Environmental Liabilities and Seller shall be obligated to
indemnify Buyer pursuant to Section 13.1 (but subject to the applicable
limitations on such obligations provided in Section 13.3(f)) for such Losses
incurred by Buyer in the amount of such excess; and

                  (c) Any other Environmental Liability relating to the
Business, the Assets, Buyer or any Affiliate, successor or assign of Buyer, to
the extent arising or relating to the period after the Closing, including with
respect to the removal of asbestos or asbestos-containing materials in
connection with any renovation or structural change to any Asset conducted after
Closing.

         "Bonds" -- means any of the bonds issued pursuant to the Indentures of
Trust to which IDRB Documents relate, the proceeds from the issuance of which
were advanced to Seller and used in connection with the Business or the Assets
of the Business pursuant to any of the IDRB Documents.

         "Business" -- means collectively:

                  (a) the regulated electricity generation, transmission and
distribution business conducted by Seller within the State of Arizona through
its Arizona Electric divisions; and

                  (b) the provision of related services and products and the
engagement in related activities by Seller within the State of Arizona through
its Arizona Electric divisions.

         "Buyer's IDRB Obligations"-- means the obligations of Buyer set forth
in Section 6.7(a) and Section 6.7(b) and in the IDRB Obligations Agreement to be
executed and delivered by Buyer on or prior to the Closing Date in accordance
with Section 6.7(a) and Section 8.1(d).

         "Capital Budget -- means the capital budget for the Business approved
by the Board of Directors of Seller for the year 2000.

         "Claim Notice" -- means a written notice of a claim given by a party
seeking indemnification pursuant to the terms of this Agreement that specifies
in reasonable detail the nature of the Losses and the estimated amount of such
Losses.

         "Confidentiality Agreement" -- means that certain confidentiality
agreement dated October 21, 1999, between Buyer and Seller.

         "Consent" -- any approval, consent, ratification, waiver, license,
permit, registration, certificate, exemption, legal statute, order,
determination or other authorization from any Person.

         "Contract" -- any agreement, contract, document, instrument,
obligation, promise or undertaking (whether written or oral) that is legally
binding, including Easements.

                                       2

<PAGE>

         "Disclosed Pre-Closing Liabilities" means any and all liabilities and
obligations relating to or arising from Seller's ownership of the Assets or
Seller's conduct or operation of the Business on or prior to the Closing Date
that were not disclosed in any Schedule to this Agreement as of the date of
execution of this Agreement (and with respect to which Seller had no Knowledge
as of the date of execution of this Agreement) and that are disclosed to Buyer
by Seller after the date of execution of this Agreement to the extent remaining
outstanding or undischarged as of the Closing Date, including the Environmental
Liabilities described in clause (b) of the definition of Assumed Environmental
Liabilities and the Proceedings described in Section 2.2(d), but expressly
excluding any such liabilities and obligations that are Retained Liabilities
pursuant to Section 2.3(a), (b), (c) or (d) or with respect to which the
Purchase Price is reduced (but only to the extent reduced).

         "Easements"-- means all easements, rights of way, permits, licenses,
and other ways of necessity, whether or not of record.

         "Encumbrance" -- any charge, adverse claim, lien, mortgage, pledge or
security interest.

         "Environmental Law"-- any Order or Legal Requirement, and any judicial
and administrative interpretation thereof and related policies, guidelines and
standards, relating to pollution or protection of the environment and natural
resources, including those relating to (a) emissions, discharges, Releases or
threatened Releases of Hazardous Material into the environment (including
ambient air, surface water, groundwater or land), and (b) the manufacture,
processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or
handling of Hazardous Material, each as in effect as of the date of
determination.

         "Environmental Liability" -- means any liability, responsibility or
obligation arising out of or relating to:

                  (a) the presence of any Hazardous Material in the fixtures,
structures, soils, groundwater, surface water or air on, under or about or
emanating from the assets and properties currently or formerly used, operated,
owned, leased, controlled, possessed, occupied or maintained by a Person, and
any such Hazardous Material emanating to adjoining or other properties;

                  (b) the use, generation, production, manufacture, treatment,
storage, disposal, Release, threatened Release, discharge, spillage, loss,
seepage or filtration of Hazardous Materials by a Person or its employees,
agents or contractors from, on, under or about the assets or properties
currently or formerly used, operated, owned, leased, controlled, possessed,
occupied or maintained by such Person or the presence therein or thereunder of
any underground or above-ground tanks for the storage of fuel oil, gasoline
and/or other petroleum products or by-products or other Hazardous Material;

                  (c) the violation or noncompliance or alleged violation or
noncompliance by a Person or its employees, agents or contractors of any
Environmental Law arising from or related to its or their conduct, actions or
operations or the former or current use, operation, ownership, lease,
possession, control, occupancy, maintenance or condition of any of such Person's
former or current assets or properties;

                  (d) the failure by a Person or its employees, agents, or
contractors to have obtained or maintained in effect any Consent required by any
Environmental Law as a result of its or their conduct, actions or operations or
the use, operation, ownership, lease, control, possession, occupancy,
maintenance or condition of such Person's assets or properties;

                  (e) any and all Proceedings arising out of any of the
above-described matters, including Proceedings by Governmental Bodies for
enforcement, cleanup, removal, treatment, response, remedial or other actions or
damages and Proceedings by any third Person seeking damages, contribution,
indemnification, cost recovery, compensation or injunctive relief; and

                                       3

<PAGE>

                  (f) any and all remedial work and other corrective action
(including investigation or monitoring of site conditions, or any clean-up,
containment, restoration or removal) taken by, or the costs of which are imposed
upon, a Person arising from any of the above-described matters.

         "ERISA" - the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended, or any successor law, and regulations and rules issued pursuant to that
act or any successor law.

         "Excluded Assets" -- means the following assets of Seller, each of
which shall be excluded from the Assets, and not acquired by the Buyer, at
Closing:

                  (a) assets that Seller uses in both the Business and in
Seller's other gas, electric, communications or water businesses, and which are
described generally on Schedule 1.1(a), and Contracts regarding the procurement
of services or goods by Seller for use in such in other businesses;

                  (b) cash and cash equivalents in transit, in hand or in bank
accounts;

                  (c) except as otherwise set forth in Article X, assets
attributable to or related to an Employee Benefit Plan of Seller;

                  (d) the stock record and minute books of Seller, duplicate
copies of all books and records transferred to Buyer, all records prepared in
connection with the sale of the Business (including bids received from third
parties and analysis relating to the Business) and all IDRB Documents;

                  (e) assets disposed of by Seller after the date of this
Agreement to the extent such dispositions are not prohibited by this Agreement;

                  (f) except to the extent set forth in Section 3.4, rights to
refunds of Taxes payable for periods prior to the Closing with respect to the
Business, assets, properties or operations of Seller or any member of any
affiliated group of which either of them is a member;

                  (g) accounts owing, by and among Seller and its Affiliates;

                  (h) all deferred tax assets or collectibles for periods prior
to the Closing;

                  (i) any insurance policy, bond, letter of credit or other
similar item, and any cash surrender value in regard thereto;

                  (j) the Citizens Marks; and

                  (k) the other assets listed on Schedule 1.1(a).

         "Existing Loan Documents"-- means all Contracts relating to the
indebtedness for money borrowed by Seller and used in connection with the
Business or the Assets as of the date hereof to which Seller is a party,
including all IDRB Documents, but excluding line extension agreements or similar
arrangements involving customer advances for construction, it being understood
and agreed that customer advances, customer deposits and construction advances
do not create indebtedness for money borrowed.

                                       4

<PAGE>

         "Final Order" -- an action by a Governmental Body as to which: (a) no
request for stay of the action is pending, no such stay is in effect and if any
time period is permitted by statute or regulation for filing any request for
such stay, such time period has passed; (b) no petition for rehearing,
reconsideration or application for review of the action is pending and the time
for filing any such petition or application has passed; (c) such Governmental
Body does not have the action under reconsideration on its own motion and the
time in which such reconsideration is permitted has passed; and (d) no appeal to
a court, or a request for stay by a court of the Governmental Body's action is
pending or in effect and the deadline for filing any such appeal or request has
passed.

         "Future Regulatory Obligations" -- means all liabilities,
responsibilities and obligations relating to the Assets or the Business,
including capital expenditure obligations and liabilities of the types that
appear as "Accrued Liabilities" and "Non-Current Liabilities" on the Balance
Sheet, arising out of any Legal Requirement or other action of any state or
federal regulatory commission or local franchising authority, including with
respect to all Proceedings of any state regulatory commission relating to the
Assets or the Business commenced before or after the Closing Date, regardless of
whether the Legal Requirement or other action is or purports to be based on
conduct, actions, facts, circumstances or conditions arising, existing or
occurring at any time on or prior to the Closing Date, but other than
liabilities, responsibilities and obligations (i) relating to any Retained
Environmental Liability or (ii) arising out of Seller's violation of any Order
or Legal Requirement of such Governmental Body, as in effect and as reasonably
interpreted by common industry practice as of the date such violation occurred,
that is found by Final Order to have occurred prior to Closing and that is
reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Business or the
Assets, taken as a whole.

         "GAAP" - generally accepted United States accounting principles,
applied on a consistent basis.

         "Governmental Body" -- any of the following that possesses competent
jurisdiction:

                  (a) federal, state, county, local, municipal or other
governmental body;

                  (b) governmental or quasi-governmental authority of any nature
(including any governmental agency, branch, department, official or entity and
any court or other tribunal); or

                  (c) any governmental body entitled to exercise any
administrative, executive, judicial, legislative, police, regulatory or taxing
authority or power of any nature.

         "Hazardous Materials" -- any waste or other chemical, material or
substance that is listed, defined, designated, or classified as, or otherwise
determined to be, hazardous, radioactive, toxic, or a pollutant or a
contaminant, or words of similar import, under or pursuant to any Environmental
Law, including any admixture or solution thereof, and specifically including
oil, natural gas, petroleum and all derivatives thereof or synthetic substitutes
therefor, asbestos or asbestos-containing materials, any flammable substances or
explosives, any radioactive materials, any toxic wastes of substances, urea
formaldehyde foam insulation, toluene or polychlorinated biphenyls.

         "HSR Act" -- the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976,
as amended, or any successor law, and regulations and rules issued by the U.S.
Department of Justice or the Federal Trade Commission pursuant to that act or
any successor law.

         "IDRB Documents" -- means, collectively, the Loan Agreements, the Tax
Regulatory Agreements and Tax Representations and Project Certificates which are
listed in Schedule 5.12.

                                       5

<PAGE>

         "IDRB Indebtedness" -- means, collectively, the indebtedness of Seller
owing to the issuer or issuers of the Bonds (as described further in Schedule
5.12 and in Exhibit 6.7) and arising under the Loan Agreements included among
the IDRB Documents.

         "IRC" - the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

         "IRS" -- the Internal Revenue Service or any successor agency.

         "Knowledge" -- means, with respect to Seller, the actual knowledge of
Seller's Chief Financial Officer; President, Citizens Public Services; and Vice
President of Arizona Energy Operations; and Director, Special Projects, Arizona
Electric (currently Thomas J. Ferry), or their respective successor.

         "Legal Requirement" -- any federal, state, county, local, municipal,
foreign, international, multinational, or other administrative Order,
constitution, law, ordinance, adopted code, principle of common law, regulation,
rule, directive, approval, notice, tariff, franchise agreement, statute or
treaty.

         "Losses" -- shall mean all claims, losses, liabilities, causes of
action, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, involving theories of
negligence or strict liability and including court costs and reasonable
attorneys' fees and disbursements in connection therewith).

         "Material Adverse Effect" -- an occurrence or condition that has a
material adverse effect on the operation, financial condition or results of
operations of the Business when combined with the businesses and assets being
acquired by Buyer or Affiliates of Buyer pursuant to the Related Purchase
Agreements, taken as a whole. For purposes of this Agreement, an occurrence or
condition shall not constitute a Material Adverse Effect (a) if it arises from
general business, economic or financial market conditions, from conditions
generally affecting the industries in which the Business competes, or from the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (b) if it is of the type normally
recoverable by the Business through rates, or (c) to the extent that the
Business may realize the benefit of insurance maintained by Seller or to the
extent that Seller or Buyer may receive or recover payments in respect of such
occurrence from any other source (whether in a lump sum or stream of payments).

         "Material Contract" -- a Contract relating primarily to the Business
and involving a total commitment by or to any party thereto of at least $100,000
on an annual basis and which cannot be terminated by Seller with notice of
ninety (90) days or less without penalty to Seller.

         "Order" -- any award, decision, injunction, judgment, order, writ,
decree, ruling, subpoena, or verdict entered, issued, made, or rendered by any
court, administrative agency, other Governmental Body, or by any arbitrator,
each of which possesses competent jurisdiction.

         "Organizational Documents" -- the articles or certificate of
incorporation and the bylaws of a corporation or the comparable organizational
and governing documents of other Persons.

         "Permitted Encumbrances" -- means any of the following:

                  (a) mechanics', carriers', workers' and other similar liens
arising in the ordinary course of business and which in the aggregate are not
substantial in amount and do not interfere with the present use of the Assets to
which they apply;

                                       6

<PAGE>

                  (b) liens for current Taxes and assessments not yet due and
payable;

                  (c) usual and customary nonmonetary real property
Encumbrances, covenants, imperfections in title, Easements, restrictions and
other title matters (whether or not the same are recorded) that do not and will
not materially interfere with the operation of that portion of the Business
currently conducted on such real property;

                  (d) Encumbrances securing the payment or performance of any of
the Assumed Liabilities;

                  (e) all applicable zoning ordinances and land use
restrictions;

                  (f) with respect to any Asset which consists of a leasehold or
other possessory interests in real property, all usual and customary nonmonetary
real property Encumbrances, covenants, imperfections in title, Easements,
restrictions and other title matters (whether or not the same are recorded) to
which the underlying fee estate in such real property is subject that do not
currently and will not interfere materially with the operation of that portion
of the Business currently conducted on such property; and

                  (g) any other Encumbrances, Contracts, obligations, defects or
irregularities of any kind whatsoever, affecting the Assets that, individually
or in the aggregate, do not have a Material Adverse Effect or that will be
terminated, released or waived on or before the Closing Date.

         "Person" -- any individual, corporation (including any nonprofit
corporation), general or limited partnership, limited liability company, joint
venture, estate, trust, association, organization or Governmental Body.

         "Proceeding" -- any claim, action, arbitration, hearing, litigation or
suit commenced, brought, conducted, or heard by or before, or otherwise
involving, any Governmental Body or arbitrator.

         "PUHCA" - the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, as amended,
or any successor law, and regulations and rules issued by the SEC pursuant to
that act or any successor law.

         "Real Property" -- all real property owned, leased or under Contract by
Seller in the operation of the Business, together with all interests in real
property (including Easements) used or held for use by Seller in the operation
of the Business.

         "Related Documents" -- any Contract provided for in this Agreement to
be entered into by one or more of the parties hereto in connection with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

         "Related Purchase Agreements" -- means those certain purchase
agreements between Seller and Buyer or Affiliates of Buyer described on Schedule
1.1(b).

         "Release" -- any presence, emission, dispersal, disposal, spilling,
leaking, emitting, discharging, depositing, pumping, pouring, escaping,
leaching, dumping, releasing or migration into the indoor or outdoor environment
(including the abandonment or disposal of any barrels, containers or other
closed receptacles containing any Hazardous Materials), or in, into or from any
facility, including the movement of any Hazardous Materials through the air,
soil, surface water, groundwater or property.

                                       7
<PAGE>

         "Representative" -- with respect to a particular Person, any director,
officer, employee, agent, consultant, advisor, or other representative of such
Person, including legal counsel, accountants, and financial advisors.

         "Retained Environmental Liabilities" -- means all Environmental
Liabilities of Seller that are described in this Agreement as Retained
Environmental Liabilities or that are otherwise not being assumed by Buyer under
this Agreement as Assumed Environmental Liabilities.

         "SEC" -- the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any
successor agency.

         "Tax" -- any tax (including any income tax, capital gains tax,
value-added tax, sales and use tax, franchise tax, payroll tax, withholding tax,
property tax or transfer tax), levy, assessment, tariff, duty (including any
customs duty), deficiency, franchise fee or payment, payroll tax, utility tax,
gross receipts tax or other fee or payment relating to the foregoing, and any
related charge or amount (including any fine, penalty, interest or addition to
tax), imposed, assessed or collected by or under the authority of any
Governmental Body or for which Seller has any liability as a transferee,
pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.1502-6, or pursuant to any other
Legal Requirement.

         "Tax Return" -- any return (including any information return), report,
statement, schedule, notice, form, or other document or information filed with
or submitted to, or required to be filed with or submitted to any Governmental
Body in connection with the determination, assessment, collection or payment of
any Tax, or in connection with the administration, implementation, or
enforcement of or compliance with any Legal Requirement relating to any Tax.

         "Threatened" -- a claim, dispute, or other matter will be deemed to
have been "Threatened" if any demand or statement has been made in writing or
orally or any notice has been given in writing or orally, and Seller has
Knowledge of the same.

         Section 1.2 Other Defined Terms. In addition to the terms defined in
Section 1.1, certain other terms are defined elsewhere in this Agreement as
indicated below and, whenever such terms are used in this Agreement, they shall
have their respective defined meanings.

Term                                                           Section
----                                                           -------

Active Employees                                               10.1
Antitrust Authorities                                          6.3
Assumed Liabilities                                            2.2
Balance Sheet                                                  5.6(a)
Bill of Sale                                                   8.1
Buyer Indemnitees                                              13.1
Buyer's Pension Plan                                           10.5
Buyer Welfare Plans                                            10.7(a)
CERCLA                                                         5.14(e)
Citizens Marks                                                 6.4
Closing                                                        8.1
Closing Date                                                   8.1
Deposit                                                        3.2
Employee Plans                                                 5.13
Environmental Data                                             12.1(c)
Estimated Purchase Price                                       3.3(a)
Financial Statements                                           5.6
Purchase Price                                                 3.1
Retained Liabilities                                           2.3
Seller Indemnitees                                             13.2
Seller's Pension Plan                                          10.5
Seller's 401(k) Plan                                           10.6
Seller Welfare Plan                                            10.7
Transaction Taxes                                              11.3
Transferred Employee                                           10.1

                                       8
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE II
                                PURCHASE AND SALE

         Section 2.1 Purchase and Sale of Assets. Upon the terms and subject to
the conditions contained herein, at the Closing, Seller shall sell, transfer,
assign, convey and deliver to Buyer, and Buyer shall purchase and accept
delivery from Seller, all of the Assets.

         Section 2.2 Assumed Liabilities. In further consideration for the sale
of the Assets at the Closing, Buyer will assume and agree to pay, perform and
discharge when due, all liabilities and obligations, of every kind or nature,
arising out of or relating to:

                  (a) the Buyer's IDRB Obligations;

                  (b) Buyer's ownership or use of the Assets and the conduct or
operation of the Business by Buyer, in each case after the Closing Date,
including all liabilities, responsibilities and obligations relating to or
arising from the following:

                           (i) Transferred Employees (except to the extent
otherwise provided in Article X), including any termination of any Transferred
Employee for any reason (including constructive dismissal) and Buyer's hiring
practices or decisions;

                           (ii) Performance of the Contracts included among the
Assets (except that Buyer shall not assume any liabilities or obligations for
any breach or default by, or payment obligations of, Seller under any such
Contract occurring or arising or accruing on or prior to the Closing Date);

                           (iii) Customer advances, customer deposits and
construction advances, unperformed service obligations, Easement relocation
obligations, and engineering and construction required to complete scheduled
construction, construction work in progress, and other capital expenditure
projects, in each case relating to the Business and outstanding on or arising
after the Closing Date;

                           (iv) Future Regulatory Obligations;

                           (v) Assumed Environmental Liabilities;

                           (vi) One-half of the Transaction Taxes arising out of
the sale of the Assets to Buyer hereunder;

                                       9
<PAGE>

                           (vii) Proceedings based on conduct, actions, facts,
circumstances or conditions arising or occurring after the Closing Date,
Proceedings in respect of Future Regulatory Obligations regardless of when
filed, and Proceedings arising from or related to any other Assumed Liability;
and

                           (viii) Items addressed in Section 3.1(d) to the
extent resulting in a decrease in the Purchase Price;

                  (c) Proceedings affecting other Persons engaged in a business
similar to the Business such as generic or industry-wide Proceedings; and

                  (d) all Proceedings involving Seller, the Assets or the
Business based on conduct, actions, facts, circumstances or conditions arising
or occurring on or before the Closing Date that are pending or Threatened as of
the Closing Date and that are disclosed to Buyer by Seller after the date of
execution of this Agreement but prior to the Closing Date (except any such
Proceedings relating to the Retained Liabilities described in Sections 2.3(a),
(b), (c), (d), and (f)), provided that any Losses incurred by Buyer in
connection with any such individual Proceeding in excess of $200,000 or in
connection with all such Proceedings in excess of $2,000,000 in the aggregate
(when combined with all other Losses incurred by Buyer in connection with its
performance or discharge of other Disclosed Pre-Closing Liabilities) shall be
Retained Liabilities and Seller shall be obligated to indemnify Buyer pursuant
to Section 13.1 (but subject to the applicable limitations on such obligations
provided in Section 13.3(f)) for such Losses incurred by Buyer in the amount of
such excess;

The liabilities, responsibilities and obligations to be assumed by Buyer
pursuant to this Section 2.2 are hereinafter collectively referred to as the
"Assumed Liabilities." Buyer hereby irrevocably and

                                       10
<PAGE>

unconditionally waives and releases Seller from all Assumed Liabilities and all
liabilities or obligations relating to the Business or the Assets to the extent
arising from events or occurrences after the Closing or to the extent otherwise
relating to the period after the Closing, including any liabilities created or
which arise by statute or common law, including CERCLA (it being understood that
this shall not constitute a waiver and release of any claims arising out of the
contractual relationships and indemnification arrangements between Buyer and
Seller). Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2.2 to the contrary, "Assumed
Liabilities" shall not include any liabilities, responsibilities or obligations
expressly stated to be Retained Liabilities pursuant to Section 2.3.

         Section 2.3 Retained Liabilities. Buyer shall not assume and at the
Closing Seller shall retain and pay, perform and discharge when due, all of the
liabilities and obligations relating to or arising from Seller's ownership of
the Assets and Seller's conduct or operation of the Business on and prior to the
Closing Date, except to the extent any such liability or obligation is included
among the Assumed Liabilities, including liabilities and obligations relating to
or arising from the following (collectively referred to herein as the "Retained
Liabilities"):

                  (a) all obligations of Seller under the IDRB Documents except
to the extent also included in Buyer's IDRB Obligations, and any other
indebtedness for money borrowed by Seller (including items due to Seller's
Affiliates) other than payment obligations arising after the Closing Date under
any equipment lease listed in Part VII of Schedule 5.12 or under any line
extension Contracts or similar construction arrangements, it being understood
and agreed that such leases, Contracts and similar arrangements do not create
indebtedness for money borrowed;

                  (b) Taxes of Seller or the Business with respect to ownership
or use of the Assets and Seller's conduct and operation of the Business on and
prior to the Closing Date;

                  (c) Excluded Assets;

                  (d) Non-Transferred Employees, the Seller's Employee Benefit
Plans and Employee Plans (except to the extent otherwise provided in Article X)
and any breach or default by, or payment obligations of, Seller with respect to
any Transferred Employee occurring or arising or accruing on or prior to the
Closing Date (except to the extent any such payment obligation becomes the
responsibility and obligation of Buyer in accordance with Article X);

                  (e) Proceedings involving Seller, the Assets or the Business
based on conduct (including Seller's performance under any Contract included
among the Assets), action, facts, circumstances or conditions arising or
occurring on or before the Closing Date, including Proceedings described in
Items I.1 and I.2 of Schedule 5.8 but expressly excluding any such liabilities
or obligations relating to any Proceeding relating to (x) Assumed Liabilities
(subject to the proviso set forth in Section 2.2(d) with respect to the
Proceedings described in Section 2.2(d)), (y) Future Regulatory Obligations and
(z) Proceedings affecting other Persons engaged in a business similar to the
Business such as generic or industry-wide Proceedings;

                  (f) Retained Environmental Liabilities; and

                  (g) One-half of the Transaction Taxes arising out of the sale
of the Assets, to Buyer hereunder.

                                       11
<PAGE>

Seller hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives and releases Buyer from all
Retained Liabilities including any liabilities created or which arise by statute
or common law, including CERCLA (it being understood that this shall not
constitute a waiver and release of any claims arising out of the contractual
relationships and indemnification arrangements between Buyer and Seller).

         Section 2.4 Condition on Assignment or Assumption of Contracts and
Rights. Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, this
Agreement shall not constitute an agreement to assign or assume any Contract or
any claim or right or any benefit arising thereunder or resulting therefrom if
an attempted assignment or assumption thereof, without the Consent of a third
party thereto, would constitute a breach thereof. Any transfer or assignment to
Buyer by Seller of any property or property rights or any Contract which
requires the Consent of any third party shall be made subject to such Consent
being obtained. If such Consent is not obtained, or if an attempted assignment
thereof would be ineffective or would affect the rights of Seller thereunder so
that Buyer would not in fact receive all such rights, Seller will, at its
expense, cooperate with Buyer in any arrangement reasonably designed to provide
for Buyer, at Buyer's cost, the benefits under any such Contract including,
without limitation, enforcement for the benefit of Buyer of any and all rights
of Seller against a third party thereto arising out of the breach or
cancellation by such third party or otherwise To the extent that Buyer does
receive the benefits of any such Contract pursuant to the preceding sentence,
such Contract shall be a Contract deemed to have been assigned or transferred to
Buyer pursuant to Section 2.2(b)(ii).

                                   ARTICLE III
                                 PURCHASE PRICE

         Section 3.1 Purchase Price.

         Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the aggregate
purchase price for the Assets (the "Purchase Price") shall be an amount equal to
$210,000,000 in cash, as adjusted in accordance with the following provisions
and with such adjustments determined pursuant to Section 3.3:

                  (a) Such amount will be increased by the aggregate amount of
all accounts receivable, earned but unbilled revenue, and materials and supplies
inventory of the Business, in each case outstanding as of the Closing Date and
other than any such items that are due from Seller's Affiliates.

                  (b) Such amount will be decreased by the aggregate amount of
all accounts payable, customer deposits and unexpended cash from customer
advances for construction, in each case to the extent relating to the Business
and outstanding as of the Closing Date and other than any such items that are
due to Seller's Affiliates.

                  (c) Such amount will be increased by the aggregate amount of
all (i) capital expenditures relating to the Business that are accrued by Seller
between the date of the Balance Sheet and the Closing Date (including
expenditures recorded in the Construction Work in Progress account of the
Business as of the Closing Date and relating to such period), (ii) without
duplication, expenditures to purchase materials, supplies and other capital
items that are dedicated to, but as of Closing have not been used in, the
construction or improvement of the property, plant or equipment relating to the
Business and (iii) without duplication, other expenditures recorded as an asset
of the Business as of the Closing Date and relating to such period to the extent
such expenditures are normally recoverable through rates, including expenditures
recorded in the Preliminary Survey and Investigation account of the Business, in
each case to the extent such expenditures are not prohibited by this Agreement.

                                       12
<PAGE>

                  (d) Such amount will be decreased or increased, as
appropriate, by an aggregate amount equal to the total amount payable to or by
Buyer pursuant to Section 3.4.

         Section 3.2 Deposit. Concurrently with the execution of this Agreement,
Buyer has delivered to Seller an irrevocable letter of credit from National
Cooperative Services Corporation (the "NCSC") (the "Letter of Credit"), as and
for an earnest money deposit, in the amount of $9,550,000 (the "Deposit"). The
Letter of Credit has been appropriately conditioned in accordance with the terms
of Section 9.2(c). Promptly (and in any event within ten (10) days after the
date of execution of this Agreement), Buyer shall file and in good faith
diligently prosecute an application with the NCSC for a revised commitment
letter that provides for the NCSC's commitment to remain outstanding until July
31, 2001, and for the NCSC to issue to Seller a letter of credit (to replace the
Letter of Credit) with an expiration date of July 31, 2001. Upon receipt of such
replacement letter of credit, such letter of credit shall be considered the
Letter of Credit for all purposes under this Agreement.

         Section 3.3 Calculation of Purchase Price.

                  (a) Any of the items included in clauses (a) through (d) of
Section 3.1 that cannot be calculated in a timely fashion as of the Closing Date
shall be estimated by Seller in good faith based upon the account balance of
such item at the end of the month for which Seller's books are closed next
preceding the Closing Date, with such adjustments as may be appropriate to
reflect changes in such account balance occurring between such month-end and the
Closing Date. Any such estimated amounts shall be set forth in a certificate of
Seller delivered to Buyer at least five (5) business days prior to the Closing
Date, which certificate shall set forth an estimate of the Purchase Price (the
"Estimated Purchase Price"), including such estimated amounts and shall be
accompanied by reasonably detailed supporting documentation.

                  (b) Within one hundred twenty (120) days after the Closing
Date, Seller shall notify Buyer of the actual amount as recorded on Seller's
books and records for the Business of any items that were estimated in arriving
at the Estimated Purchase Price, as well as the prorations and adjustments
required to be made under Section 3.4 below. Buyer may dispute any amount so
determined by Seller, by written notice to Seller within fifteen (15) days after
receipt of Seller's notice. If Buyer does not so dispute any item, the party
owing the difference between the Estimated Purchase Price and the Purchase Price
shall pay such difference to the other party within ten (10) days after the
expiration of such fifteen (15) day period, plus interest at 8.25% per annum on
such amount from the Closing Date to (but not including) the date of payment. If
Buyer disputes the actual amount of any item, the undisputed amount plus
interest at 8.25% per annum on such amount from the Closing Date to (but not
including) the date of payment shall be paid promptly by the owing party. If
such dispute cannot be resolved within sixty (60) days after the giving of
Buyer's notice that there exists a disputed amount, then an independent auditor
mutually agreeable to Buyer and Seller shall, upon written notice from either
Buyer or Seller, resolve such dispute within sixty (60) days after receipt of
such notice. The fees and expenses of such independent auditor shall be
allocated between Buyer and Seller so that Seller's share of such fees and
expenses shall be in the same proportion that the aggregate amount of such
remaining disputed amounts so submitted by Buyer to such auditor that is
unsuccessfully disputed by Buyer (as finally determined by such auditor) bears
to the total amount of such remaining disputed amounts so submitted by Buyer to
such auditor. Any determination by such independent auditor shall be binding and
conclusive upon the parties without further appeal therefrom. Within ten (10)
days after the independent auditor shall have resolved such dispute, the party
owing the determined amount shall pay such determined amount to the other party,
plus interest at 8.25% per annum on such determined amount from the Closing Date
to (but not including) the date of payment.

                                       13
<PAGE>

         Section 3.4 Prorations and Adjustments as of the Closing Date.

                  (a) Buyer and Seller agree that the following items relating
to the Assets and the Business shall be adjusted and allocated as of the Closing
Date, with Seller to be responsible for and to receive the benefit of the same
for the period through and including the Closing Date and Buyer to be
responsible for and to receive the benefit of the same after the Closing Date;

                           (i) real and personal property taxes, assessments and
annual registration fees;

                           (ii) water, sewer and other similar types of taxes,
and installments on special benefit assessments and regulatory assessments;

                           (iii) electric, gas, telephone and other utility
charges;

                           (iv) payroll expenses, payroll taxes, reimbursable
employee business expenses and the financial cost of the accrued vacation time
of the Transferred Employees, in each case as recorded on Seller's books for the
Business as of the Closing Date;

                           (v) rents under leases transferred to or assumed by
Buyer;

                           (vi) charges under maintenance, service and other
Contracts and fees under licenses transferred to or assumed by Buyer and not
included in the items described in Section 3.1(a);

                           (vii) deposits of Seller to the extent transferable
to Buyer;

                           (viii) prepaid and accrued expenses;

                           (ix) sales, franchise, gross receipts and other
similar Taxes based upon revenues; and

                           (x) petty cash.

                  (b) The items listed in Section 3.4(a) above shall be
estimated item by item by Seller and reflected on the certificate and supporting
documentation to be delivered to Buyer pursuant to Section 3.3(a) and finally
determined in accordance with Section 3.3(b).

                                       14
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE IV
                     REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BUYER

         Section 4.1 Organization, Existence and Qualification. Buyer is a
corporation duly incorporated, validly existing, and in good standing under the
laws of the State of Texas, with full corporate power and authority to conduct
its business as it is now being conducted, to own or use the properties and
assets that it purports to own or use, to perform its obligations under all
Contracts to which it is a party, and to execute and deliver this Agreement and
the Related Documents to which Buyer is a party. Buyer is duly qualified to do
business as a foreign corporation and is in good standing under the laws of each
state in which the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would
materially adversely affect the business or properties of Buyer. Buyer is, or by
Closing will be, duly qualified and in good standing as a foreign corporation
licensed to do business in the State of Arizona.

         Section 4.2 Authority Relative to this Agreement and Binding Effect.
The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Related
Documents by Buyer have been duly authorized by Buyer's Board of Directors,
which constitutes all necessary corporate action required on the part of Buyer
for such authorizations. The execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement and the Related Documents by Buyer will not result in (a) any conflict
with or breach or violation of or default under the Organizational Documents of
Buyer, or (b) a violation or breach of any term or provision of, or constitute a
default or accelerate the performance required under, any indenture, mortgage,
deed of trust, security agreement, loan agreement, or Contract to which Buyer is
a party or by which its assets are bound, or (c) a violation of any Order of any
Governmental Body. This Agreement constitutes, and the Related Documents to be
executed by Buyer when executed and delivered will constitute, valid and binding
obligations of Buyer, enforceable against Buyer in accordance with their
respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by (i) bankruptcy
or similar laws from time to time in effect affecting the enforcement of
creditors' rights generally or (ii) the availability of equitable remedies
generally.

         Section 4.3 Governmental Approvals. Except for those Consents described
in Schedule 5.3 to the extent applicable to Buyer, no Consent of any
Governmental Body is required to be obtained by Buyer in connection with the
execution and delivery by Buyer of this Agreement or the Related Documents or
the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the
Related Documents. Buyer has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances relating
to Buyer or its Affiliates that reasonably would be likely to preclude or
prolong the receipt of such required Consents.

         Section 4.4 Availability of Funds. Buyer will have available on the
Closing Date sufficient funds to enable it to consummate the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, and Buyer or the Affiliates of Buyer that are
buyers of the assets and businesses being acquired pursuant to the Related
Purchase Agreements will have available at the Closing Date, sufficient funds to
enable them to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Related Purchase
Agreements. Buyer has received, and has provided to Seller a true and complete
copy of, that certain commitment letter dated as of February 11, 2000, duly
executed by Buyer and NCSC. Buyer understands and agrees that its failure to
arrange for such funding and have such funding available by the Closing Date
will permit Seller to terminate this Agreement under Section 9.1 and to exercise
its rights under Section 9.2(c).

                                       15
<PAGE>

         Section 4.5 Filings. No statement furnished by Buyer for inclusion in
any filing with any Governmental Body in connection with obtaining such
Governmental Body's Consent for the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement will contain, as of the date such information is
so provided, any untrue statement of a material fact or will omit to state, as
of the date such information is so provided, any material fact which is
necessary to make the statements contained therein, in light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

         Section 4.6 Brokers. No broker or finder has acted for or on behalf of
Buyer or any Affiliate of Buyer in connection with this Agreement or the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement. No broker or finder is entitled to
any brokerage or finder's fee, or to any commission, based in any way on
agreements, arrangements or understandings made by or on behalf of Buyer or any
Affiliate of Buyer for which Seller or any Affiliate of Seller has or will have
any liability or obligations (contingent or otherwise).

         Section 4.7 Independent Investigation. Buyer is knowledgeable about the
businesses engaged in by Seller through its Arizona Electric divisions and of
the usual and customary practices of companies engaged in businesses similar to
such businesses and has had access to the Assets, the officers and employees of
Seller, and the books, records and files of Seller relating to the Business and
the Assets. In making the decision to enter into this Agreement and to
consummate the transactions contemplated hereby, Buyer has relied solely on the
basis of its own independent due diligence investigation of the Business and
upon the representations and warranties made in this Agreement and in any other
document or instrument delivered by Seller pursuant hereto. Accordingly, Buyer
acknowledges that Seller has not made, and Seller is expressly disclaiming and
negating any representation or warranty (other than those express
representations and warranties made in Article V), express, implied, at common
law, by statute or otherwise, relating to the Business.

         Section 4.8 Public Utility Holding Company Status; Regulation as a
Public Utility. Buyer is a "public utility company" (as such term is defined in
PUHCA). Neither Buyer nor any of its Affiliates is a "holding company", a
"subsidiary" of a "public utility company," or an "affiliate" of a "public
utility company" or of a "holding company," within the meaning of such terms in
PUHCA.

         Section 4.9 Buyer's Financial Statements. The consolidated financial
statements of Buyer for its most recently ended fiscal year heretofore delivered
to Seller were prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis,
except for changes concurred in by Buyer's accountants and disclosed in said
financial statements, throughout the periods specified, and present fairly in
all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of the
businesses of Buyer as of the dates thereof and for the periods then ended
(subject, in the case of unaudited financial statements, to normal year-end
adjustments).

         Section 4.10 Buyer's Insurance. Within five (5) business days after the
date of execution of this Agreement, Buyer will deliver to Seller a schedule
that lists Buyer's policies and contracts in effect as of the date hereof for
casualty and property insurance covering its assets and properties and the
operation of its business, together with the risks insured against, coverage
limits and deductible amounts.

                                       16
<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE V
                    REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF SELLER

         Section 5.1 Organization, Existence and Qualification. Seller is a
corporation duly incorporated, validly existing, and in good standing under the
laws of the State of Delaware, with full corporate power and authority to
conduct the Business as it is now being conducted, to own or use the Assets, to
perform its obligations under all Contracts to which it is a party, and to
execute and deliver this Agreement and the Related Documents to which Seller is
a party. Seller is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation and is
in good standing under the laws of the State of Arizona and each other state in
which the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would have a Material
Adverse Effect.

         Section 5.2 Authority Relative to this Agreement and Binding Effect.
The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Related
Documents by Seller have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action.
Except as set forth in Schedule 5.2, the execution, delivery and performance of
this Agreement and the Related Documents by Seller will not result in (a) any
conflict with or breach or violation of or default under the Organizational
Documents of Seller, (b) to Seller's Knowledge, a violation or breach of any
term or provision of, or constitute a default or accelerate the performance
required under, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, security agreement, loan
agreement, or Material Contract to which Seller is a party or by which any of
the Assets are bound, or (c) a violation of any Order of any Governmental Body,
except for such exceptions to the foregoing clauses (b) and (c) that, will be
cured, waived or otherwise remedied on or prior to the Closing Date. This
Agreement constitutes and the Related Documents to be executed by Seller when
executed and delivered will constitute valid and binding obligations of Seller,
enforceable against Seller in accordance with their terms, except as
enforceability may be limited by (i) bankruptcy or similar laws from time to
time in effect affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally or (ii)
the availability of equitable remedies generally. No Person has any agreement,
option, warrant, subscription, understanding, or commitment, or any right or
privilege capable of becoming an agreement, option or commitment for the
purchase of the Assets of any other interest in the Business.

         Section 5.3 Governmental and Other Required Consents. Except as set
forth in Schedule 5.3, no Consent of any Governmental Body or third Person is
required to be obtained by Seller in connection with the execution and delivery
by Seller of this Agreement or the Related Documents or the consummation by
Seller of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Related
Documents, other than (i) any Consent the failure of which to obtain would not
be material to the operation or conduct of the Business after Closing and (ii)
any Consent that is obtained or made on or prior to the Closing Date. Seller has
no Knowledge of any facts or circumstances relating to Seller or its Affiliates,
other than those relating to the auction process in which Buyer was selected,
and other bidders were not selected, to acquire the Business or relating to the
matters disclosed in any Schedule referred to in this Agreement, that would be
reasonably likely to preclude or prolong the receipt of such required Consents.

         Section 5.4 Public Utility Holding Company Status; Regulation as a
Public Utility. Seller is a "public utility company" (as such term is defined in
PUHCA). Seller is not a "holding company", a "subsidiary" of a "public utility
company," or an "affiliate" of a "public utility company" or of a "holding
company," within the meaning of such terms in PUHCA.

                                       17
<PAGE>

         Section 5.5 Title to Assets; Liens.

         Seller has good and indefeasible title to the Assets, including the
Assets reflected in the Financial Statements, except those disposed of since the
date of the Financial Statements in the ordinary course of business or otherwise
disposed of in accordance with this Agreement. None of the Assets are subject to
any Encumbrance except (i) Encumbrances described in Schedule 5.5 and (ii)
Permitted Encumbrances. Schedule 5.5 lists each parcel of Real Property owned in
fee simple that is a part of the Assets. To Seller's Knowledge, except as set
forth in Schedule 5.5, Seller owns or possesses all Easements necessary to
conduct the Business as now being conducted without any known conflict with the
rights of others. Except as set forth in Schedule 5.5, (a) Seller enjoys
peaceful and undisturbed possession under all real property leases included in
the Assets, and to the Knowledge of Seller, all such leases are valid and in
full force and effect; (b) all rents due to date from Seller on each such lease
have been paid; (c) Seller has not received notice that it is in default under
any such lease; and (d) to the Knowledge of Seller, there exists no event,
occurrence, condition or act (including the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement) which, with the giving of notice, the lapse of
time or the happening of any further event or condition, would become a default
by Seller under such lease. Except as set forth in Schedule 5.5, all buildings,
structures and equipment that are a part of the Assets lie wholly within the
boundaries of the Real Property and do not encroach upon the property of, or
otherwise conflict with the property rights of, any other Person. Seller has
adequate rights of ingress and egress for operation of the Business in the
ordinary course consistent with past practices. None of the buildings,
structures or equipment that are a part of the Assets, nor the operation and
maintenance thereof, violates any restrictive covenant.

         Section 5.6 Financial Statements.

                  (a) Schedule 5.6(a) sets forth the unaudited balance sheet for
the Business as at September 30, 1999 (the "Balance Sheet") and unaudited
statement of income of the Business for the nine-month period ended September
30, 1999 (collectively, the "Financial Statements"). Except as set forth in
Schedule 5.6(a), the Financial Statements have been prepared on a pre-tax basis
in accordance, in all material respects, with GAAP applied on a basis consistent
with prior periods. Except as set forth in Schedule 5.6(a), the Balance Sheet
presents fairly in all material respects the financial condition of the Business
as of its date and the income statement included in the Financial Statements
presents fairly in all material respects the results of operations of the
Business for the periods covered thereby. The books and records of Seller from
which the Financial Statements were prepared were complete and accurate in all
material respects at the time of such preparation.

                  (b) Except as disclosed in Schedule 5.6(b), Seller has no
liabilities with respect to the Business or the Assets which would constitute
Assumed Liabilities, either direct or indirect, matured or unmatured or
absolute, contingent or otherwise, except:

                           (1) those liabilities set forth in the Financial
Statements or referred to in the notes to the Financial Statements and not
heretofore paid or discharged;

                           (2) those liabilities relating to or arising from
matters disclosed in any other Schedule hereto;

                           (3) liabilities arising in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practices under any Contract or Legal
Requirements;

                                       18
<PAGE>

                           (4) those liabilities incurred, consistent with past
practices, in or as a result of the ordinary course of business since the
Balance Sheet Date which do not and could not be reasonably expected to, in the
aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect;

                           (5) those liabilities and obligations that are the
subject of Article X; and

                           (6) those liabilities, which, if outstanding as of
the Closing Date, would result in a decrease to the Purchase Price in accordance
with Section 3.1(b) or (d).

         Section 5.7 Compliance with Legal Requirements; Governmental Permits.
Except as set forth in Schedule 5.7: (a) Seller is in substantial compliance
with each Legal Requirement or Order that is applicable to it, to the conduct or
operation of the Business, or to the ownership or use of any of the Assets; (b)
Seller possesses all Consents from Governmental Bodies required by any
applicable Legal Requirement or Order necessary to permit the operation of the
Business in the manner in which it is currently being conducted by Seller; (c)
all such Consents are in full force and effect; and (d) Seller has not received
notice from any Governmental Body of its intent to revoke or terminate of such
Consent.

         Section 5.8 Legal Proceedings; Outstanding Orders. Except as set forth
in Schedule 5.8, there is no pending or Threatened Proceeding (a) that has been
commenced against Seller or the Business other than Proceedings affecting other
Persons engaged in a business similar to the Business such as generic or
industry-wide Proceedings, or (b) as of the date of this Agreement, that
challenges, or that may have the effect of preventing, delaying, making illegal,
restricting or otherwise interfering with, the transactions contemplated hereby.
Schedule 5.8 lists each outstanding Order against Seller which relates to or
arises out of the conduct of the Business or the ownership, condition or
operation of the Business or the Assets which would be considered material to a
reasonably prudent purchaser of the Business in its reasonable business
judgment, other than any Orders relating to rates, tariffs and similar matters
arising in the ordinary course of business and other than any Order applicable
to other Persons engaged in a business similar to the Business such as generic
or industry-wide Orders.

         Section 5.9 Taxes. All Tax Returns required to be filed by or on behalf
of Seller or requests for extensions to file such Tax Returns have been timely
filed, and Seller has paid and discharged or made adequate provision for all
Taxes that are required to be paid or remitted by or on behalf of Seller. There
are no pending audits or other examinations relating to any Tax matters relating
to the Business or the Assets except as set forth in Schedule 5.9. There are no
Tax Encumbrances on the Assets, except for liens for Taxes not yet due and
payable or for Taxes that Seller is contesting in good faith through appropriate
proceedings. As of the date of this Agreement, Seller has not granted any waiver
of any statute of limitations with respect to, or any extension of a period for
the assessment of, any Tax relating to the Business or the Assets except as set
forth in Schedule 5.9. Except as set forth in Schedule 5.9, none of the Assets
include stock of a corporation or interests in a partnership or limited
liability company. Seller is not a party to any safe harbor lease within the
meaning of IRC Section 168(f)(8), as in effect prior to amendment by the Tax
Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982. Seller is not a "foreign person"
as defined in IRC Section 1445(f)(3) and Buyer is not required to withhold tax
on the purchase of the Assets of Seller by reason of IRC Section 1445. Seller
has not entered into any agreement with respect to the performance of services
that would require a payment, and Seller is not requiring Buyer pursuant to this
Agreement to make any payment (including but not limited to the payments
described in Section 10.11 of this Agreement), that would result in a
nondeductible expense pursuant to IRC Section 280G or an excise tax to the
recipient of such payment pursuant to IRC Section 4999.

                                       19
<PAGE>

         Section 5.10 Intellectual Property. Schedule 5.10 lists all patents,
trademarks, service marks and copyrights used or held for use by Seller
primarily in the operation of the Business. Seller has no Knowledge of (i) any
infringement or claimed infringement by Seller of any patent, trademark, service
mark or copyright of others or (ii) any infringement of any patent, trademark,
service mark or copyright owned by or under license to Seller.

         Section 5.11 Personal Property. Except for normal wear and tear, the
tangible Assets, taken as a whole, are in good operating condition and in a
state of reasonable maintenance and repair. The buildings, structures and
equipment that are a part of the Assets are structurally sound, are in good
operating condition and repair and are adequate for the uses to which they are
being put, and none of such buildings, structures or equipment is in need of
maintenance or repairs, except in each case, for the Assets described in
Schedule 5.11 and for Assets in need of ordinary and routine maintenance and
repairs that will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse
Effect.

         Section 5.12 Material Contracts; Existing Loan Documents. Schedule 5.12
contains, to Seller's Knowledge, a complete and correct list as of the date
hereof of all Material Contracts (other than line extension Contracts and
similar construction arrangements), including all Existing Loan Documents. To
Seller's Knowledge, (i) each Material Contract is in full force and effect and
enforceable against the parties thereto, (ii) there are no defaults and Seller
has not rescinded nor given notice of a default or claimed default under any
such Material Contract, and (iii) no event has occurred which with notice or
lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default thereunder. Except as set
forth in Schedule 5.12, Seller is not obligated under any Contract relating to
the Business or the Assets with respect to industrial development bonds or other
obligations with respect to which the interest thereon is excluded from gross
income of the holder for federal or state income tax purposes.

         Section 5.13 Employee Benefit Matters.

                  (a) Schedule 5.13 lists (i) each "Employee Benefit Plan," as
such term is defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA, which is covered by any provision
of ERISA and which is maintained or contributed to by Seller or its Affiliates
for the benefit of the Active Employees; (ii) each other material fringe benefit
plan, policy or arrangement currently maintained or contributed to by Seller or
its Affiliates for the benefit of Active Employees which provides for pension,
retirement, deferred compensation, bonuses, incentive compensation, profit
sharing, stock options, severance, employee insurance coverage or similar
employee benefits (collectively, "Employee Plans"); and (iii) each collective
bargaining, union or other employee association agreement, employment,
managerial, advisory, and consulting agreement, change-in-control agreement,
employee confidentiality agreement, and all other material agreements, policies,
or arrangements maintained or contributed to by Seller or its Affiliates for the
Active Employees or by which Seller is bound with respect to the Business.
Seller has made available to Buyer accurate and complete copies of all such
documents and (if applicable) summary plan descriptions with respect to such
plans, agreements and arrangements, or summary description(s) of any such plans,
agreements or arrangements not otherwise in writing.

                  (b) Seller's Pension Plan and Seller's 401(k) Plan are the
only Employee Benefit Plans which are intended to be qualified under Section
401(a) of the IRC.

                  (c) Each Employee Benefit Plan has been established and
administered in all material respects in accordance with its terms, ERISA and
the applicable provisions of the IRC.

                                       20
<PAGE>

         Section 5.14 Environmental Matters.

                  (a) Except as listed in Schedule 5.14, since December 31,
1996, Seller has not received a written notice from a Governmental Body that
Seller is in violation of any Environmental Law arising out of Seller's
ownership, use or operation of the Assets or the operation of the Business.

                  (b) Except as listed in Schedule 5.14, there are no
Proceedings pending or Threatened with respect to Seller's compliance with
Environmental Laws and relating to the Business or the Assets. To Seller's
Knowledge, there is no reasonable basis for any such Proceeding that would
impose any liability or obligation that would have or would reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

                  (c) Except as listed in Schedule 5.14, Seller possesses all
certificates, permits and authorizations required by any Environmental Law for
Seller's ownership, use or operation of the Assets or the operation of the
Business.

                  (d) Except as set forth in Schedule 5.14, no environmental
remediation of any Release is occurring on any Real Property included in the
Assets nor has Seller issued a request for proposal or otherwise asked an
environmental remediation contractor to begin plans for any such environmental
remediation. Except as set forth in Schedule 5.14, to Seller's Knowledge, during
or prior to the period of Seller's ownership or operation of the Business there
were no Releases or threatened Releases which would reasonably be expected to
have a Material Adverse Effect.

                  (e) Except as set forth in Schedule 5.14, none of the Real
Property is (i) situated in a federal "Superfund" site or, to Seller's
Knowledge, in any federal "Superfund" study area designated under the federal
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA"),
or (ii) to Seller's Knowledge, situated in any site or study area designated
under any state statute comparable to CERCLA.

         Section 5.15 No Material Adverse Change. Except as set forth in
Schedule 5.15, between the date of the Balance Sheet and the date of execution
of this Agreement:

                  (a) no Material Adverse Effect has occurred;

                  (b) except for actions taken in connection with the
contemplated sale of the Business and this Agreement and except for conversion
to the SAP financial reporting system, between the date of the Balance Sheet and
the date of execution of this Agreement, the Business has been conducted in the
ordinary course, consistent with past practices;

                  (c) there has not been any increase in the salary, wage,
bonus, grants, awards, benefits or other compensation payable or that could
become payable by Seller to its officers, directors and employees with respect
to the Business or any amendment of any of the Employee Plans, Seller's Pension
Plan and Seller's 401(k) Plan other than increases or amendments in the ordinary
course of the Business, consistent with past practices (which may include normal
periodic performance reviews and related compensation and benefit increases and
the provision of new individual compensation and benefits for promoted or newly
hired officers and employees on terms consistent with past practice), nor has
Seller granted any severance or termination pay, entered into any contract to
make or grant any severance or termination pay, or paid any bonus, in each case
to any such officer, director, or employee, other than pursuant to preexisting
agreements, arrangements or bonus plans, or taken any action that would result
in the payment of any amounts, or the accelerated vesting of any rights or
benefits, under any Employee Plan, Seller's Pension Plan or Seller's 401(k)
Plan;

                                       21
<PAGE>

                  (d) there has been no change in any method of accounting or
accounting practice of the Business;

                  (e) Seller has not sold, mortgaged, pledged or encumbered the
Business or the Assets, other than sales of Assets in the ordinary course of
business; and

                  (f) no agreement or commitment to do any of the actions
contemplated by clauses (c), (d) or (e) above has been entered into.

         Section 5.16 State and Federal Regulatory Matters.

                  (a) Schedule 5.16 reflects all of the currently pending
filings relating to the Business heretofore made by Seller before state or
federal regulatory commissions and each other currently pending Proceeding of
such state or federal regulatory commission which would be considered material
to a reasonably prudent purchaser of the Business in its reasonable business
judgment, other than any currently pending Proceeding that also is applicable to
other Persons engaged in a business similar to the Business such as generic or
industry-wide Proceedings.

                  (b) All currently effective material filings relating to the
Business heretofore made by Seller with state or federal regulatory commissions
were made in compliance with Legal Requirements then applicable thereto and the
information contained therein was true and correct in all material respects as
of the respective dates of such filings.

         Section 5.17 Brokers. Except for Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, no
broker or finder has acted for or on behalf of Seller or any Affiliate of Seller
in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement. No broker or finder is entitled to any brokerage or finder's fee, or
to any commission, based in any way on agreements, arrangements or
understandings made by or on behalf of Seller or any Affiliate of Seller for
which Buyer has or will have any liabilities or obligations (contingent or
otherwise).

                                       22
<PAGE>

         Section 5.18 Employee Relations. Except as disclosed in Schedule 5.18,
as of the execution of this Agreement (i) there is no strike, slowdown, picket,
work stoppage or other labor dispute or disturbance on the part of the employees
of Seller with respect to the Business pending or Threatened, and Seller has not
experienced any such strike, slowdown, picket, work stoppage or other labor
dispute or disturbance with respect to the Business within the past two years,
(ii) no grievance, unfair labor practice charge or any arbitration Proceeding
arising out of or under any collective bargaining agreement relating to the
Business exists or is pending on the date hereof, (iii) Seller is not the
subject of a Proceeding asserting that it has committed an unfair labor practice
(within the meaning of the National Labor Relations Act) or seeking to compel it
to bargain with any labor organization as to wages or conditions of employment
with respect to the Business, (iv) Seller is not aware of any activity involving
Seller's employees seeking to certify a collective bargaining unit or engaging
in other organizational activity with respect to the Business, (v) Seller is
currently in compliance in all material respects with respect to the Business
with all applicable Legal Requirements relating to the employment of labor,
including those related to wages, hours and collective bargaining, and is not
liable for any arrearages of wages, penalties or other sums for failure to
comply with any of the foregoing and (vi) there is no claim with respect to
payment of wages, salary or overtime pay that has been asserted or is now
pending or Threatened before any Governmental Body regarding any person or
entity currently or formerly employed by Seller with respect to the Business.

         Section 5.19 Insurance. Schedule 5.19 lists the Seller's casualty and
property insurance policies and contracts in effect as of the date hereof in
connection with the Business. Except as disclosed in Schedule 5.19, (i) each
material insurance policy thereof is in full force and effect, (ii) Seller is
not in default with respect to its obligations under any such policy and (iii)
Seller has not received any notice of cancellation or termination with respect
to any material insurance policy thereof.

         Section 5.20 Accounts Receivable. All accounts receivable and earned
but unbilled revenue reflected in the Financial Statements represent actual
indebtedness to Seller incurred by the applicable account debtors in the
ordinary course of business consistent with past practices. To Seller's
Knowledge, all accounts receivable and earned but unbilled revenue reflected in
the Financial Statements are good and collectible at the aggregate recorded
amounts thereof, net of any reserve for doubtful accounts reflected therein.

         Section 5.21 Appropriate Knowledge Persons. The individuals identified
in the definition of "Knowledge" are agents, employees or officers of Seller and
certain of such individuals have primary decisionmaking responsibility for the
day-to-day operations, management, maintenance and repair of the Assets and the
Business, and they have served in such capacities for more than twelve (12)
months.

         Section 5.22 Local Furnishing. Seller was engaged in the local
furnishing of electrical energy in Mohave County and Santa Cruz County, Arizona,
respectively, within the meaning of Sections 142(a)(8) and 142(f)(3) of the IRC
on January 1, 1997, and has continued to be so engaged at all times thereafter.
All of the Assets are facilities used in the local furnishing of electrical
energy in Mohave County and Santa Cruz County, Arizona, respectively, within the
meaning of Sections 142(a)(8) and 142(f)(3) of the IRC.

                                       23
<PAGE>

         Section 5.23 Disclaimer. Except as otherwise expressly set forth in
this Agreement or in any other document or instrument delivered by Seller
pursuant hereto, Seller expressly disclaims any representations or warranties of
any kind or nature, express or implied, as to the condition, value or quality of
the assets or properties currently or formerly used, operated, owned, leased,
controlled, possessed, occupied or maintained by Seller, and Seller SPECIFICALLY
DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, USAGE, SUITABILITY
OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO SUCH ASSETS OR PROPERTIES,
OR ANY PART THEREOF, OR AS TO THE WORKMANSHIP THEREOF, OR THE ABSENCE OF ANY
DEFECTS THEREIN, WHETHER LATENT OR PATENT, IT BEING UNDERSTOOD THAT SUCH ASSETS
AND PROPERTIES ARE BEING ACQUIRED, "AS IS, WHERE IS" ON THE CLOSING DATE, AND IN
THEIR PRESENT CONDITION, WITH ALL FAULTS AND THAT BUYER SHALL RELY ON ITS OWN
EXAMINATION AND INVESTIGATION THEREOF.

                                   ARTICLE VI
                                    COVENANTS

         Section 6.1 Covenants of Seller. Seller agrees to observe and perform
the following covenants and agreements:

                  (a) Conduct of the Business Prior to the Closing Date. With
respect to the Business, except (i) as contemplated in this Agreement or in
Schedule 6.1, (ii) as required by any Legal Requirement or Order or (iii) as
otherwise expressly consented to in writing by Buyer which consent will not be
unreasonably withheld or delayed, prior to the Closing, Seller will, with
respect to the Business.

                           (1) Not make or permit any material change in the
general nature of the Business;

                           (2) Maintain and conduct the Business in the ordinary
course of business in accordance with prudent business judgment and consistent
with past practice and policy, and maintain the Assets in their present
condition, reasonable wear and tear excepted, subject to retirements in the
ordinary course of business, use all reasonable efforts to preserve intact the
present business organization and the relationship with customers, suppliers and
others having business dealings with the Business;

                           (3) Not enter into any material transaction or
Material Contract other than in the ordinary course of business in accordance
with prudent business judgment and consistent with past practice and policy;

                           (4) Not purchase, sell, lease, dispose of or
otherwise transfer or make any Contract for the purchase, sale, lease,
disposition or transfer of, or subject to Encumbrance, any material Assets other
than in the ordinary course of business in accordance with prudent business
judgment and consistent with past practice and policy;

                           (5) Not hire any new employee unless such employee is
a bona fide replacement for either a presently-filled position or a vacancy in
an authorized position with the Business;

                                       24
<PAGE>

                           (6) Not make any capital expenditure or capital
expenditure commitment in excess of $200,000 in the aggregate that is not
included in the Capital Budget except in the event of service interruption,
emergency or casualty loss, and use commercially reasonable efforts to make
capital expenditures in accordance with the Capital Budget;

                           (7) Comply in all material respects with all
applicable Legal Requirements and Orders, including without limitation those
relating to the filing of reports, the timely filing of Tax Returns and the
payment of Taxes due to be paid prior to the Closing, other than those Taxes
contested in good faith;

                           (8) Except in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practices or in accordance with the terms of any existing
Contract, Employee Plan or collective bargaining agreement, not grant any
material increase or change in total compensation or benefits (taken as a whole)
to any of the Transferred Employees or, except as permitted by Section 10.2,
enter into any employment, severance or similar Contract with any Person or
amend any such existing Contracts to increase any amounts payable thereunder or
benefits provided thereunder;

                           (9) Not terminate any Material Contract;

                           (10) Not create, incur, assume, guarantee or
otherwise become liable with respect to any indebtedness for money borrowed
other than in the ordinary course of business (it being understood and agreed
that customer advances, customer deposits and construction advances do not
create indebtedness for money borrowed), except in connection with additional
borrowings under the Existing Loan Documents and any renewal, extension,
rearrangement or refunding of any indebtedness created under or evidenced by the
Existing Loan Documents, and except pursuant to advances made by Seller to the
Business; or

                           (11) Not make any material filings with any
Governmental Body prior to consulting with Buyer except for filings made in the
ordinary course of business consistent with past practices.

                  (b) Access to the Business, Assets and Records; Updating
Information.

                           (1) From and after the date hereof and until the
Closing Date, Seller shall permit Buyer and its Representatives to have, on
reasonable notice and at reasonable times, reasonable access to the Business,
the Assets and all books, papers and records to the extent that they reasonably
relate to the ownership, operation, obligations and liabilities of the Business
and the Assets; provided, however, that such access shall not unreasonably
interfere with the operation of the Business; and provided, further, that Buyer
hereby agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Seller from and against all
Losses arising out of or relating to the negligence or willful misconduct of
Buyer or its Representatives in connection with Buyer's access provided pursuant
to this Section 6.1(b)(1). Without limiting the application of the
Confidentiality Agreement, all documents or information furnished by Seller
hereunder shall be subject to the Confidentiality Agreement.

                           (2) Seller will notify Buyer as promptly as
practicable of any significant change in the ordinary course of business for the
Business and of any material Proceedings (Threatened or pending) involving or
affecting the Business or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and
shall use reasonable efforts to keep Buyer fully informed of such events.

                                       25
<PAGE>

                  (c) Consents. Seller will use its commercially reasonable
efforts to obtain all necessary Consents from any Person required to consummate
the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Consent of any Person
required under any Legal Requirement or Contract applicable to the Business and
all Consents listed in Schedule 5.3.

                  (d) Exclusivity. Until consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby or termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 9.1,
neither Seller nor its Affiliates, representatives, officers, directors,
employees or agent will, directly or indirectly, (1) submit, solicit, initiate,
encourage or discuss any proposal or offer from any Person (other than Buyer or
its Affiliates) or enter into any agreement or accept any offer relating to any
(i) reorganization, liquidation or dissolution of the Business; (ii) merger or
consolidation involving the Business; (iii) purchase or sale of substantially
all of the Assets; or (iv) similar transaction or business combination involving
the Business or the Assets, or (2) furnish any information with respect to,
assist or participate in or facilitate in any other manner any effort or attempt
by any Person or do or seek to do any of the foregoing. Seller shall notify
Buyer promptly if any Person makes any proposal, offer, inquiry or contact with
respect to an action described in clauses (i) through (iv) above.

                  (e) Noncompetition.

                           (i) From the Closing Date through the third (3rd)
anniversary thereof, Seller agrees that neither it nor any of its Affiliates
will (i) directly, or indirectly through one or more entities, own, manage,
operate, control, be employed by or participate in the ownership, management,
operation or control, or have a financial interest in, any Person which is
engaged in the Business within the State of Arizona, provided, however, that the
foregoing shall not prevent the purchase or ownership of shares which constitute
less than five percent (5%) of the outstanding equity securities of a
publicly-held company; or (ii) divert or direct any Person who is, at that time,
a customer or supplier of the Business away from the Business.

                           (ii) Seller acknowledges that it has carefully read
all the terms of this Section 6.1(e), and agrees that (A) the same are necessary
for the reasonable and proper protection of the value of the Business, (B) each
and every covenant is reasonable with respect to such matter, length of time and
the geographical area described, and (C) that irrespective of all other
conditions, the covenants and restrictions in clause (i) above shall be
operative during the full period and throughout the geographical area described.
In the event any court finds any such restraint or limitation to be
unreasonable, then it is the intent of the parties that such court should
determine the maximum restraint or limitation which is reasonable and
enforcement will be of that restraint or limitation.

                           (iii) Because of the immediate and irreparable damage
that would be caused to Buyer as a result of the breach of the covenants of
Seller contained in this Section 6.1(e), for which Buyer would not have other
adequate remedy, Seller agrees that, in the event of any such breach, Buyer
shall be entitled to seek, from any court of competent jurisdiction, an
injunction against any further breach by Seller. In addition, Buyer shall be
entitled to pursue any other remedies available under applicable laws or
equitable principles. Each party waives any requirements for security of the
posting of any bond or other surety in connection with any temporary or
permanent award or injunctive, mandatory or other equitable relief.

                                       26
<PAGE>

         Section 6.2 Covenants of Buyer. Buyer agrees to observe and perform the
following covenants and agreements:

                  (a) Consents. Buyer will use its commercially reasonable
efforts to assist Seller in obtaining all necessary Consents from any Person
required to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby, including the
Consent of any Person required under any Legal Requirement or Contract
applicable to the Business, and will use its commercially reasonable efforts to
obtain all Consents listed in Schedule 4.2 and Schedule 4.3.

                  (b) Access to Information. After Closing, Buyer will, and will
cause its Representatives to, afford to Seller, including its Representatives,
at Seller's expense, reasonable access to all books, records, files and
documents related to the Business to the extent necessary to permit Seller to
prepare and file its tax returns and to prepare for and participate in any
investigation with respect thereto, to prepare for and participate in any other
investigation and defend any Proceedings relating to or involving Seller or the
Business for which Seller may be responsible, to discharge its obligations under
this Agreement and the other Related Documents to which its is a party and for
other reasonable purposes and will afford Seller reasonable assistance in
connection therewith. Buyer will cause such records to be maintained for not
less than seven years from the Closing Date and will not dispose of such records
without first offering in writing to deliver them to Seller; provided, however,
that in the event that Buyer transfers all or a portion of the Business to any
third party during such period, Buyer may transfer to such third party all or a
portion of the books, records, files and documents related thereof, provided
such third party transferee expressly assumes in writing the obligations of
Buyer under this Section 6.2(b). In addition, after the Closing Date, at
Seller's request, Buyer shall make available to Seller and its Affiliates,
employees, representatives and agents, those employees of Buyer requested by
Seller in connection with any Proceeding, including to provide testimony, to be
deposed, to act as witnesses and to assist counsel; provided, however, that (x)
such access to such employees shall not unreasonably interfere with the normal
conduct of the operations of Buyer and (y) Seller shall reimburse Buyer for the
allocated time charges of such employees and the out-of-pocket costs reasonably
incurred by Buyer in making such employees available to Seller.

                  (c) Citizens Guarantees and Surety Instruments. Buyer shall
use its commercially reasonable efforts to assist Seller in obtaining full and
complete releases on the guarantees, letters of credit, bonds and other surety
instruments listed in Schedule 6.2(c). For purposes of this Section 6.2(c),
reasonable efforts shall include: (i) Buyer's assumption of the Contracts on the
terms set forth in this Agreement; and (ii) an obligation on the part of Buyer
to provide a guaranty, letter of credit, bond or other surety instrument at
Closing to the extent required by any Contract assumed by Buyer at Closing and,
in general, an equivalent surety instrument to be substituted for any surety
instrument provided by Citizens to any beneficiary in connection with the
Business.

                  (d) Other Covenants of Buyer. Buyer agrees to submit to
regulation by the appropriate state regulatory commission to the same extent as
such state regulatory commission currently regulates Seller in connection with
the Business. Buyer also agrees to make no filings with such state regulatory
commission or take any other action in connection with any Proceeding or Legal
Requirement relating to any other businesses conducted by Seller that also are
subject to regulation by such state regulatory commission.

                                       27
<PAGE>

         Section 6.3 Governmental Filings.

                  (a) HSR Act Filing. Buyer and Seller shall comply promptly
with the notice and reporting requirements of the HSR Act. Buyer and Seller
shall comply substantially with any additional requests for information,
including requests for production of documents and production of witnesses for
interviews or depositions, made by the Antitrust Division of the United States
Department of Justice, the United States Federal Trade Commission or the
antitrust or competition law authorities of any other jurisdiction (the
"Antitrust Authorities"). Buyer shall exercise its commercially reasonable
efforts, and Seller shall cooperate fully with Buyer, to prevent the entry in
any Proceeding brought by an Antitrust Authority or any Governmental Body which
would prohibit, make unlawful or delay the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement. Seller shall not oppose any efforts of Buyer,
including Buyer's proffer of consent to any Order, to complete lawfully the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and shall cooperate in good faith
with Buyer and the Antitrust Authorities to the same effect.

                  (b) Other Regulatory Filings. Buyer and Seller will, as soon
as reasonably practicable following the execution of this Agreement, prepare and
file with each Governmental Body, including the appropriate state regulatory
commission, requests for such Consents as may be necessary for the transfer of
the Assets in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Buyer and Seller will
diligently pursue such Consents and will cooperate with each other in seeking
such Consents. To this end, the parties agree to make available the personnel
and other resources of their respective organizations in order to accomplish
actions reasonably required by them to obtain all such Consents.

                  (c) Actions Not Required. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary contained in this Agreement, in connection with or as a condition to
receiving any Consent, neither Seller nor Buyer shall be required (A) to divest,
abandon, license or take similar action with respect to any assets (tangible or
intangible) of it or any of its respective Affiliates, or (B) to expend material
sums of money or grant any material financial or other accommodations (other
than as contemplated hereby).

         Section 6.4 Citizens Marks. Buyer acknowledges and agrees with Seller
that Seller has the absolute and exclusive proprietary right to all names,
marks, trade names, trademarks and corporate symbols and logos incorporating
"Citizens" and "CZN" (collectively and together with all other names, marks,
trade names, trademarks and corporate symbols and logos owned by Seller or any
of its Affiliates, the "Citizens Marks"), all rights to which and the goodwill
represented thereby and pertaining thereto are being retained by Seller. Within
ninety (90) days after the Closing Date, Buyer shall cease using any Citizens
Mark and shall remove from the Assets any and all Citizens Marks. Thereafter,
Buyer shall not use any Citizens Mark in connection with the sale of any
products or services or otherwise in the conduct of its businesses. In the event
that Buyer breaches this Section 6.4, Seller shall be entitled to specific
performance of this Section 6.4 and to injunctive relief against further
violations, as well as any other remedies at law or in equity available to
Seller.

                                       28
<PAGE>

         Section 6.5 Acknowledgment by Buyer. In order to induce Seller to enter
into and perform this Agreement and the Related Documents, Buyer acknowledges
and agrees with Seller as follows:

                  (a) To the extent any representation or warranty of Seller
made herein is, to the knowledge of Buyer acquired prior to the date of
execution of this Agreement, untrue or incorrect, (i) Buyer shall have no rights
under this Agreement or any Related Documents by reason of such untruth or
inaccuracy, and (ii) any such representation or warranty by Seller shall be
deemed to be amended to the extent necessary to render it consistent with such
knowledge of Buyer. As used in this Agreement, the "knowledge of Buyer" means
the actual knowledge of John D. Parker, Buyer's Chief Financial Officer.

                  (b) EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT AND ANY OTHER
DOCUMENT OR INSTRUMENT DELIVERED BY SELLER PURSUANT HERETO, NONE OF SELLER OR
ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES MAKES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY AS
TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF ANY INFORMATION, WRITTEN OR ORAL, FURNISHED
TO OR PREPARED AT THE REQUEST OF BUYER OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES OR
REPRESENTATIVES WITH RESPECT TO THE BUSINESS OR THE ASSETS.

                  (c) THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES SET FORTH IN THIS
AGREEMENT AND IN ANY OTHER DOCUMENT OR INSTRUMENT DELIVERED BY SELLER PURSUANT
HERETO CONSTITUTE THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF
SELLER TO BUYER IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY AND BY
THE RELATED DOCUMENTS THERE ARE NO REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, COVENANTS,
UNDERSTANDINGS OR AGREEMENTS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, IN RELATION THERETO BETWEEN THE
PARTIES OTHER THAN THOSE INCORPORATED HEREIN AND THEREIN. EXCEPT FOR THE
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT AND IN ANY
OTHER DOCUMENT OR INSTRUMENT DELIVERED BY SELLER PURSUANT HERETO, BUYER
DISCLAIMS RELIANCE ON ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, BY OR ON BEHALF OF SELLER OR ITS AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES. WITHOUT
LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF THE FOREGOING, BUYER ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT,
EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SECTIONS 5.7, 5.11 AND 5.14, THERE ARE NO REPRESENTATIONS
OR WARRANTIES OF SELLER WITH RESPECT TO THE CONDITION OF THE ASSETS, COMPLIANCE
WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS OR THE PRESENCE OR RELEASES OF
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN THE FIXTURES, SOILS, GROUNDWATER, SURFACE WATER OR AIR ON,
UNDER OR ABOUT OR EMANATING FROM ANY OF THE PROPERTIES OR ASSETS OF SELLER.

         Section 6.6 Transition Plan. Within 30 days after the execution date of
this Agreement, Buyer shall deliver to Seller a list of its proposed
representatives to a joint transition team, which shall include expertise from
various functional specialties associated or involved in providing billing,
payroll and other support services provided to the Business by any automated or
manual process using facilities or employees that are not included among the
Assets or Transferred Employees. Seller will add its representatives to such
team within 15 days after receipt of Buyer's list. Such team will be responsible
for preparing as soon as reasonably practicable after the execution date of this
Agreement and at least 60 days prior to the Closing Date, and timely
implementing, a transition plan which will identify and describe substantially
all of the various transition activities that the parties will cause to occur
before and after the Closing and any other transfer of control matters that any
party reasonably believes should be addressed in such transition plan, including
(i) the payment, collection, remittance and/or other appropriate arrangements
with respect to the items addressed in Sections 3.1(a), 3.1(b) and 3.4; (ii)

                                       29
<PAGE>

post-Closing inspection and maintenance of the gas pipeline serving the Nogales,
Arizona, generation facility; (iii) post-Closing access to and use of space in
the Nogales, Arizona, operations and maintenance facility by employees of the
Arizona Gas business of Seller and its successor; and (iv) identification,
selection and hiring by Buyer on or after the Closing Date of employees of
Seller who provide support services to the Business but who are not included
among the Active Employees. If requested by either party, the terms and
conditions governing such transition activities will be more fully set forth in
a Transition Agreement reasonably satisfactory to the parties. Buyer and Seller
shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to cause their Representatives
on such transition team to cooperate in good faith and take all reasonable steps
necessary to develop a mutually acceptable transition plan by no later than 120
days after the date of this Agreement.

         Section 6.7 IDRB Obligations.

                  (a) Buyer's IDRB Obligations. Each party acknowledges that (x)
Seller is and after the Closing Date shall continue to be and shall remain the
primary obligor with respect to all IDRB Indebtedness and related Bonds
outstanding immediately after the Closing Date to the same extent as though no
sale of the Assets had been made and that Buyer shall have no payment
obligations with respect to such IDRB Indebtedness and related Bonds and (y) the
IDRB Documents require Seller not to take or permit to be taken any action which
would have the effect, directly or indirectly, of subjecting the interest on any
of the Bonds to federal or state income taxation. Accordingly, Buyer covenants
and agrees at Closing to execute and deliver to Seller an agreement
substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 6.7, with respect to the
Bonds that will be outstanding after the Closing Date. Buyer represents,
warrants, covenants and agrees, that so long as any Bonds relating to any IDRB
Indebtedness are outstanding, (a) as the "successor in interest" to Seller (as
such term is used in Section 142(f)(3)(B) of the IRC), Buyer will not take or
permit to be taken any action the effect of which is to cause the Assets that
were acquired, constructed, improved or equipped with the proceeds of such Bonds
to be used as facilities that are not facilities for the local furnishing of
electric energy within the meaning of Sections 142(a)(8) and 142(f) of the IRC
or, if applicable, Section 103(b)(4)(E) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as
amended and (b) Buyer has not made and shall not make an election pursuant to
Section 142(f)(4)(B) of the IRC to terminate tax-exempt bond financing by Buyer.
Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in no event shall
Buyer be liable for or have any responsibility to Seller or others under this
Section 6.7 if (i) the Assets, or the use and operation thereof, fail to satisfy
the previously mentioned requirements of the IRC as of the Closing Date or (ii)
interest on any of the Bonds was not excluded from gross income for purposes of
federal or state income taxation as of the Closing Date. Buyer acknowledges and
agrees that Seller's bond counsel may rely on Buyer's representations,
warranties and covenants as hereinabove provided for the purpose of rendering
legal opinions, as required by the IDRB Documents as a precondition to the sale
by Seller of such Assets, to the effect that the sale of such Assets will not
result in the inclusion of the interest on the Bonds in the gross income of the
recipient for purposes of federal income taxation. Nothing in this Agreement is
intended to nor shall it be interpreted as (i) an assignment to, and assumption
by, Buyer of any of the IDRB Documents, or (ii) as an undertaking or agreement
by Buyer to assume, guarantee or pay any of Seller's loan or other payment
obligations pursuant to the IDRB Documents. Seller shall not refund any Bonds or
take any action that might cause any of the Bonds to be considered "reissued"
for the purposes of Section 103 of the IRC or extend the maturity date of any of
the Bonds without the express written consent of Buyer, which consent may be
withheld in Buyer's sole and absolute discretion. In the event that the interest
on any of the Bonds becomes subject to federal or state income tax prior to
Closing, Buyer's IDRB Obligations and Seller's covenants set forth herein, in
each case with respect to such Bonds, shall be null and void ab initio.

                                       30
<PAGE>

                  (b) IDRB Construction Funds. The construction funds that may
be available after the Closing Date that are held by the trustees of the Bonds
(collectively, the "Construction Fund") are listed in Schedule 5.12. From time
to time after the Closing Date, at the request of Seller, Buyer shall provide
written notice to Seller, and Seller promptly shall requisition from the
applicable bond trustee disbursements from the applicable Construction Fund in
such amount(s) which shall not exceed the amount(s) then available in the
applicable Construction Fund. Seller shall prepare and deliver to Buyer a draft
of such written notice. Such written notice shall include the information and
representations required by the Loan Agreement included among the IDRB Documents
relating to the applicable Construction Fund (including a disbursement request
proposed by Seller and for a permitted use reasonably acceptable to Buyer). Upon
Buyer's receipt of the Funds relating to a requested disbursement from the
Construction Fund, Buyer shall promptly remit to Seller an amount equal to the
amount so disbursed by the bond trustee. Buyer shall diligently complete the
construction of the facilities relating to such Construction Fund and promptly
notify Seller in writing when the construction of such facilities has been
completed. Seller shall then certify to the applicable trustee of the related
Bonds in accordance with the applicable Loan Agreement that such construction
has been completed. Seller agrees not to use any Construction Fund in any manner
prohibited by the IDRB Documents relative to such Construction Fund. Buyer shall
have no liability to Seller or any other Person for any action of Buyer in
compliance with this Section 6.7(b) which causes interest on any of the Bonds to
become subject to federal or state income taxation.

                  (c) Consents and Legal Opinions. The parties shall use their
respective commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all Consents and legal
opinions as may be required under the IDRB Documents to enable Seller to retain
all IDRB Indebtedness and to sell the Assets to Buyer without the result that
the interest on the Bonds will be included in the gross income of the recipient
for purposes of federal income taxation.

         Section 6.8 Title Insurance. Prior to Closing, Seller shall cooperate
with Buyer and use commercially reasonable efforts to assist Buyer if Buyer
desires to obtain ALTA title insurance commitments (collectively, the "Title
Commitments," and each a "Title Commitment"), in final form, from one or more
title insurance companies (collectively, the "Title Company"), committing the
Title Company (subject only to the satisfaction of any industry standard
requirements contained in the Title Commitment) to issuing ALTA (or its local
equivalent) form of title insurance policies insuring good, valid, indefeasible
fee simple title to the owned Real Estate in Buyer, in all cases, at Buyer's
sole expense and in the respective amounts that Buyer requests prior to Closing,
subject to no Encumbrances or other exceptions to title other than Permitted
Encumbrances (collectively the "Title Policies"). On or prior to the Closing
Date, Seller shall execute and deliver, or cause to be executed and delivered,
to the Title Company, at no cost to Seller, any customary affidavits, standard
gap indemnities and similar documents reasonably requested by the Title Company
in connection with the issuance of the Title Commitments or the Title Policies;
provided that such efforts and Buyers' request for Title Policies or Title
Commitments shall, in no event, result in any delay in the consummation of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

                                       31
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE VII
                              CONDITIONS PRECEDENT

         Section 7.1 Seller's Conditions Precedent to Closing. The obligation of
Seller to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be
subject to fulfillment at or prior to the Closing of the following conditions:

                  (a) Representations and Warranties True as of the Closing
Date. Buyer's representations and warranties in this Agreement shall have been
true and correct in all material respects (except for representations and
warranties that contain a qualification as to materiality, which shall have been
true and correct in all respects) as of the date of this Agreement and shall be
true and correct in all material respects (except for representations and
warranties that contain a qualification as to materiality, which shall be true
and correct in all respects) as of the Closing Date as if made on the Closing
Date, subject to changes expressly contemplated and permitted by this Agreement,
except that representations and warranties made as of, or in respect of, only a
specified date or period shall be true and correct in all material respects as
of, or in respect of, such date or period.

                  (b) Compliance with Agreements. The covenants, agreements and
conditions required by this Agreement to be performed and complied with by Buyer
shall have been performed and complied with in all material respects prior to or
at the Closing Date.

                  (c) Certificate. Buyer shall execute and deliver to Seller a
certificate of an authorized officer of Buyer, dated the Closing Date, stating
that the conditions specified in Sections 7.1(a) and 7.1(b) of this Agreement
have been satisfied.

                  (d) Governmental Approvals and Other Consents. The Arizona
Corporation Commission shall have issued an Order approving the transactions
contemplated hereby, the terms and conditions of such Order shall be acceptable
in all material respects to Seller in its reasonable discretion and shall have
no significant adverse effect on Seller's acquisition and divestiture activities
in the State of Arizona (including the divestiture of the Assets), and such
Order shall have become a Final Order. Seller also shall have obtained all other
Consents of Governmental Bodies and other Persons which are required in order to
consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and to transfer the Assets to
Buyer without incurring material liability under any Legal Requirement, Order or
Contract.

                  (e) HSR Act. The applicable waiting period under the HSR Act
with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby shall have expired or have
been terminated without there being in effect a Legal Requirement enjoining or
restraining consummation of such transaction.

                  (f) Injunctions. On the Closing Date, there shall be no
Proceedings pending which seek, and no Orders which operate, to restrain, enjoin
or otherwise prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement.

                  (g) Opinion of Counsel. On the Closing Date, Seller shall have
received from counsel to Buyer an opinion in the form of Exhibit 7.1(g).

                  (h) Documents. Buyer shall have delivered all the
certificates, instruments, contracts and other documents specified to be
delivered by it hereunder on or before the Closing Date, including pursuant to
Section 8.1, and shall have taken such actions as Seller may have requested
pursuant to Section 11.2 hereof.

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<PAGE>

                  (i) IDRB Indebtedness. Seller shall have obtained all Consents
and legal opinions required under the IDRB Documents to enable Seller to retain
the IDRB Indebtedness until maturity and to sell the Assets to Buyer without the
result that the interest on the Bonds will be included in the gross income of
the recipient for purposes of federal income taxation, and Buyer shall have duly
executed and delivered all of the instruments contemplated by Section 6.7(a) and
Section 8.1(d).

                  (10) Related Closings. The transactions contemplated in the
Related Purchase Agreement(s) shall have been consummated, or Seller shall be
reasonably satisfied that the consummation of those transactions will occur
concurrently with the Closing.

         Section 7.2 Buyer's Conditions Precedent to Closing. The obligation of
Buyer to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be
subject to fulfillment at or prior to the Closing of the following conditions:

                  (a) Representations and Warranties True as of the Closing
Date. Seller's representations and warranties in this Agreement shall have been
true and correct in all material respects (except for representations and
warranties that contain a qualification as to materiality, which shall have been
true and correct in all respects) as of the date of this Agreement and shall be
true and correct in all material respects (except for representations and
warranties that contain a qualification as to materiality, which shall be true
and correct in all respects) as of the Closing Date as if made on the Closing
Date, subject to changes expressly contemplated and permitted by this Agreement;
except (i) that representations and warranties made as of, or in respect of,
only a specified date or period shall be true and correct in all material
respects as of, or in respect of, such date or period, and (ii) to the extent
that any failure of such representations and warranties to be true and correct
as aforesaid when taken in the aggregate would not have a Material Adverse
Effect.

                  (b) Compliance with Agreements. The covenants, agreements and
conditions required by this Agreement to be performed and complied with by
Seller shall have been performed and complied with in all material respects
prior to or at the Closing Date, except where the failure to so perform or
comply when taken in the aggregate would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

                  (c) Certificate. Seller shall execute and deliver to Buyer a
certificate of an authorized officer of Seller, dated the Closing Date, stating
that the conditions specified in Sections 7.2(a) and 7.2(b) of this Agreement
have been satisfied.

                  (d) Governmental Approvals. The Arizona Corporation Commission
shall have issued an Order approving the transactions contemplated hereby, such
Order shall not contain any restrictions or conditions (other than those in
effect on the date of this Agreement or requiring that the regulatory treatment
with respect to the Business in existence as of the date of this Agreement
applicable to Seller be continued following the Closing) which would have a
material adverse effect on the operation, financial condition or results of
operations of the Business, and such Order shall have become a Final Order. In
addition, Seller shall have obtained all other Consents of Governmental Bodies
and other Persons which are required in order to consummate the transactions
contemplated hereby other than those the failure of which to obtain would not
have a material adverse effect on the operation, financial condition or results
of operations of the Business.

                                       33
<PAGE>

                  (e) HSR Act. The applicable waiting period under the HSR Act
with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby shall have expired or have
been terminated.

                  (f) Injunctions. On the Closing Date, there shall be no
Proceedings pending which seek, and no Orders which operate, to restrain, enjoin
or otherwise prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement.

                  (g) Opinion of Counsel. On the Closing Date, Buyer shall have
received from L. Russell Mitten II, Vice President and General Counsel of
Seller, an opinion in the form of Exhibit 7.2(g) hereto.

                  (h) Documents. Seller shall have delivered all of the
certificates, instruments, contracts and other documents specified to be
delivered by it hereunder, including pursuant to Section 8.1, and shall have
made arrangements reasonably satisfactory to Buyer to deliver to Buyer as
promptly as practicable after the Closing such records (including customer and
employee records) necessary to own and operate the Business.

                  (i) No Material Adverse Change. Since the date of execution of
this Agreement, no Material Adverse Effect shall have occurred that has
continuing effect as of the Closing Date.

                                  ARTICLE VIII
                                     CLOSING

         Section 8.1 Closing. The closing of the purchase and sale of the Assets
(the "Closing") will take place at the offices of Fleischman and Walsh, L.L.P.,
1400 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Suite 600, Washington, D.C. 20036, on the last
calendar day of the month in which the conditions specified in Sections 7.1(d)
and 7.2(d) have been satisfied, unless another time, date and place is agreed to
in writing by the parties. The date of the Closing is referred to in this
Agreement as the "Closing Date." The transactions to be consummated on the
Closing Date shall be deemed to have been consummated as of 11:59 p.m. on the
Closing Date. At the Closing the following events shall occur, each event being
deemed to have occurred simultaneously with the other events.

                  (a) Bill of Sale. Seller and Buyer shall execute and deliver
the Bill of Sale and Assignment and Assumption Agreement in the form of Exhibit
8.1(a) hereto (the "Bill of Sale").

                  (b) Payment of Purchase Price. As provided below, Buyer will
pay to Seller an amount equal to the Estimated Purchase Price by wire
transferring such amount, in lawful money of the United States of America in
immediately available funds, to such account as Seller shall have designed by
notice to Buyer. If the Closing Date is not a business day on which financial
institutions are open and operating, then on or before the last business day on
which financial institutions are open and operating before the Closing Date,
Buyer shall deliver the Estimated Purchase Price to Buyer's lead bank (the
"Escrow Agent") in immediately available funds in U.S. dollars. Upon receipt,
the Escrow Agent shall invest the Estimated Purchase Price in an
interest-bearing account mutually agreed upon by Seller and Buyer. At Closing,
Buyer shall sign and deliver to Seller a statement which confirms that the
Closing has occurred and which instructs the Escrow Agent to transfer to Seller
the funds representing the Estimated Purchase Price, plus an amount representing
the interest earned after the Closing Date until the date the funds are
transferred, to an account that Seller shall designate at least two (2) business
days prior to the date the funds are required to be transferred hereunder. The
Escrow Agent shall refund the balance to Buyer. The fees and expenses of Escrow
Agent shall be paid one-half by Seller and one-half by Buyer.

                                       34
<PAGE>

                  (c) Other Related Documents. To the extent consistent with the
other provisions of this Agreement, Seller (or the appropriate Affiliate of
Seller) and Buyer shall execute and deliver such other Related Documents
(including special warranty deeds, conveyances, certificates of title, bills of
sale, assignment and assumption instruments and FIRPTA affidavits) reasonably
requested by a party that are necessary in order to satisfy any applicable Legal
Requirements relating to the transfer of the Assets to Buyer or the assumption
of the Assumed Liabilities by Buyer or which are customarily given in the State
of Arizona to accomplish transfers of assets of the type involved; provided,
however, that nothing in this clause (c) shall obligate Seller or any Affiliate
of Seller to execute or deliver any document that affects, in a manner adverse
to Seller and in a manner not required by the terms of this Agreement, Seller's
liability to Buyer as expressed herein and in the Bill of Sale.

                  (d) IDRB Indebtedness. Buyer and Seller shall execute and
deliver the IDRB Obligations Agreement contemplated by Section 6.7(a) to the
extent not previously executed and delivered by Buyer and Seller.

                  (e) Office Leases. If requested by Buyer at least sixty (60)
days before Closing, Buyer and Seller (or its appropriate Affiliate) will
commence good faith negotiations regarding Buyer's short-term lease (not to
exceed 180 days from the Closing Date) of office space in Seller's Kingman,
Arizona, and Havasu, Arizona, office buildings, portions of which are used by
Seller in connection with the Business, on commercially reasonable terms
acceptable to Buyer and Seller.

                  (f) FIRPTA Certificate. Seller shall execute and deliver to
Buyer a certification of nonforeign status within the meaning of Treasury
Regulations Section 1.1445-2.

                                   ARTICLE IX
                                   TERMINATION

         Section 9.1 Termination  Rights.  This  Agreement  may be  terminated
in its  entirety  at any time prior to the Closing:

                  (a) By the mutual written agreement of Seller and Buyer;

                  (b) By Buyer, on the one hand, or Seller, on the other hand,
in writing if there shall be in effect a nonappealable Order prohibiting ,
enjoining or restricting the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;

                  (c) By Buyer, upon the breach in any material respect of any
of the representations and warranties of Seller contained herein or in the
failure by Seller to perform and comply in any material respect with any of the
agreements and obligations required by this Agreement to be performed or
complied with by Seller, provided that such breach or failure is reasonably
likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect and is not cured or otherwise
addressed by Seller in a manner reasonably acceptable to Buyer within 30 days of
Seller's receipt of a written notice from Buyer that such a breach or failure
has occurred (or significant efforts have not been commenced to cure such
misrepresentation or breach if it is susceptible to cure but not capable of
being cured within such 30 days);

                                       35
<PAGE>

                  (d) By Seller, upon the breach in any material respect of any
of the representations and warranties of Buyer contained herein or the failure
by Buyer to perform and comply in any material respect with any of the
agreements and obligations required by this Agreement to be performed or
complied with by Buyer, provided that such breach or failure is not cured or
otherwise addressed by Buyer in a manner reasonably acceptable to Seller within
30 days of Buyer's receipt of a written notice from Seller that such a breach or
failure has occurred (or significant efforts have not been commenced to cure
such misrepresentation or breach if it is susceptible to cure but not capable of
being cured within such 30 days);

                  (e) By either party in writing if the Closing has not occurred
within fifteen (15) months (twelve (12) months if the Letter of Credit is not
replaced with one that expires no earlier than July 31, 2001) after the
execution date of this Agreement; provided, however, that the right to terminate
this Agreement under this Section 9.1(e) will not be available to any party that
is in material breach of its representations, warranties, covenants or
agreements contained herein; and provided, further, that if Closing has not
occurred within such period of time because the conditions precedent to Closing
set forth in Sections 7.1(d) and 7.2(d) have not been fulfilled, then such
period of time shall be automatically extended by an additional two (2) months;

                  (f) By Seller or Buyer, as appropriate, if any Governmental
Body whose Consent is required to fulfill a condition precedent to Closing set
forth in Section 7.1(d) (with respect to Seller) or in Section 7.2(d) (with
respect to Buyer) has affirmatively indicated that such Consent will not be
given or will contain terms or conditions (or, if such Consent has been
obtained, contains terms or conditions) that, in the reasonable business
judgment of Seller or Buyer, as appropriate, will result in a condition
precedent to Closing set forth in Section 7.1(d) (with respect to Seller) or in
Section 7.2(d) (with respect to Buyer) not being satisfied; or

                  (g) By Seller if both (i) the NCSC fails to advance loan
proceeds to Buyer with which to fund the payments required to be made by Buyer
at Closing or the NCSC affirmatively indicates, for no reason or for any reason
other than the proper termination of this Agreement pursuant to any other
provision of this Section 9.1, that such funding will not be provided by the
NCSC and (ii) Buyer is unable to arrange, to Seller's reasonable satisfaction,
replacement funding from any other source within forty-five (45) days after the
occurrence of the event described in the preceding clause (i).

                  (8) By Seller if a Related Purchase Agreement is terminated
for any reason other than due to the failure of the applicable State regulatory
commission to Consent to the transactions contemplated by such agreement because
of concerns about Buyer's nonfinancial qualifications or capabilities.

                                       36
<PAGE>

         Section 9.2 Limitation on Right to Terminate: Effect of Termination.

                  (a) A party shall not be allowed to exercise any right of
termination pursuant to Section 9.1 if the event giving rise to the termination
right shall be due to the willful failure of such party seeking to terminate
this Agreement to perform or observe in any material respect any of the
covenants or agreements hereof to be performed or observed by such party.

                  (b) If this Agreement is terminated as permitted under Section
9.1, such termination shall be without liability of or to any party to this
Agreement, or any shareholder or Representative of such party; provided,
however, that if such termination shall result from the willful failure of any
party to fulfill a condition to the performance of any other party or to perform
a covenant of this Agreement or from a material and willful breach by any party
to this Agreement (it being understood that the failure to cure a breach shall
not, by itself, be a willful breach of this Agreement), then such party shall
(subject to the limitation set forth in the last sentence of this Section
9.2(b)) be fully liable for any and all damages sustained or incurred by the
other party. If prior to Closing either party to this Agreement resorts to legal
proceedings to enforce this Agreement, the prevailing party in such proceedings
shall be entitled to recover all costs incurred by such party including
reasonable attorney's fees, in addition to any other relief to which such party
may be entitled; provided, however, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary
in this Agreement, in no event shall either party be entitled to receive any
punitive, indirect or consequential damages.

                  (c) If (i) Seller terminates this Agreement pursuant to
Section 9.1(d) or (ii) this Agreement is terminated by either party pursuant to
Section 9.1(e) or 9.1(f) because the requisite Consent from the applicable state
regulatory commission has not been obtained, or because such Governmental Body
has affirmatively indicated that its Consent will not be given, due in whole or
in part to concerns about Buyer's qualifications or capabilities, unless such
Governmental Body also has affirmatively indicated that its Consent is being
withheld due in part to concerns about Seller's operation of the Business or
ownership of the Assets or (iii) Seller terminates this Agreement pursuant to
Section 9.1(g), then Seller may present a sight draft under the Letter of
Credit, and thereby retain either all of the Deposit (if clause (i) or (iii) is
applicable) or $6,300,000 (if clause (ii) is applicable), (or, if the Letter of
Credit does not permit Seller to present a sight draft in such circumstances,
then Buyer shall pay to Seller in cash an amount equal to the Deposit or
$6,300,000, as the case may be, within five (5) business days after the
effective date of termination of this Agreement) in either case, as liquidated
damages free of any claims by Buyer or any other Person with respect thereto
(the parties hereby acknowledging that the extent of damages to Seller
occasioned by such breach or default or failure by Buyer would be impossible or
extremely difficult to ascertain and that the amount to be paid by Seller is a
fair and reasonable estimate of such damages under the circumstances). If this
Agreement is terminated for any reason other than as set forth in the preceding
sentence, then Seller shall promptly deliver the Letter of Credit to Buyer, free
of any claims by Seller or any other Person with respect thereto.

                                    ARTICLE X
                                EMPLOYEE MATTERS

         Section 10.1 Employment of Transferred Employees.

                  (a) Schedule 10.1 lists each division, and the total number of
salaried and hourly, nonunion and union, employees actively employed as of the
date of this Agreement in each division by Seller or its Affiliates whose
primary duties relate to the Business ("Active Employees"). As of the Closing
Date, Buyer shall employ all Active Employees of Seller employed in the Business

                                       37
<PAGE>

being acquired ("Transferred Employees") in the same comparable positions, and
at the same compensation level (including wages, salary and bonuses) as were in
effect with Seller immediately prior to the Closing Date. Buyer reserves the
right to restructure positions and functions as it deems appropriate so long as
reassignment does not result in materially diminished responsibilities or a
reduction in compensation. For purposes of the preceding sentence, "Active
Employees" shall include all full-time and part-time employees, employees on
military leave, maternity leave, leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act of
1993, on short-term disability, on layoff with recall rights, and employees on
other leaves of absences where there is a legal or contractual right to
reinstatement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Agreement shall
operate to prevent or prohibit Buyer from making changes in compensation of
Transferred Employees based on demotions arising for cause.

                  (b) Prior to the execution date of this Agreement, Seller has
delivered to Buyer a list of the persons who would have been Transferred
Employees had the Closing Date occurred on December 31, 1999, showing the
following information for each such person: (i) the name of each such person;
(ii) the name of his or her current employer; (iii) his or her current base pay,
1998 bonus that was paid in 1999 and the projected 1999 bonus that will be paid
in 2000; (iv) his or her hire date, any rehire date (if available) and years of
service; (v) his or her then-current position and job title; (vi) whether such
employee is subject to a collective bargaining agreement or represented by a
labor organization and, if so, the name of the union and local, (vii) whether
such employee is on military leave, maternity leave, leave under the Family and
Medical Leave Act of 1993, short-term disability, on layoff with recall rights,
or on other leave of absence with a legal or contractual right to reinstatement.
Seller shall update such list as of the end of each calendar quarter occurring
between the execution date hereof and the Closing Date, in each case assuming
the Closing Date had occurred on such date, and shall deliver such updated lists
to Buyer within ten (10) days after the end of each such calendar quarter.

         Section 10.2. Assumption of Collective Bargaining Agreement
Obligations. On and after the Closing Date, Buyer, shall assume all of the
Seller's obligations under, and be bound by the provisions of, each collective
bargaining agreement to the extent of provisions covering Transferred Employees.
Each collective bargaining agreement shall be identified on a Schedule 10.2 to
be prepared by Seller and submitted to Buyer on or before the Closing Date.
Seller shall cooperate with Buyer in Buyer's efforts to contact the unions
representing Transferred Employees. Seller may extend, renew or enter into a new
Contract to replace any collective bargaining agreement that will expire prior
to December 31, 2000, provided that Seller shall consult with Buyer regarding
the terms and conditions of any such extension, renewal or replacement of any
such collective bargaining agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions
of this Section 10.2, Buyer shall not be obligated to assume any new collective
bargaining agreement that contains terms and conditions that, when taken as a
whole, are materially more onerous on the employer than the terms and
conditions, taken as a whole, of the collective bargaining agreement that was
replaced by such new collective bargaining agreement.

         Section 10.3 Cessation of Participation in Seller's Plans; Proration of
Bonuses. From and after the Closing Date, Transferred Employees shall accrue no
additional benefits under any Employee Benefit Plan, or Employee Plan of Seller
or its Affiliates. Seller and Buyer shall pro-rate the obligation to pay any
bonuses declared by Seller after the Closing Date that would have been payable
to the Transferred Employees had the Transferred Employees remained employed by
Seller or its Affiliates throughout the calendar year in which the Closing Date
occurs, in accordance with the provisions of any Employee Benefit Plan or
Employee Plan of Seller under which such bonus would have been paid. For
Transferred Employees entitled to such bonus, Buyer shall be obligated to pay
that portion of each such bonus determined by multiplying the amount of such
bonus by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days from and after
the Closing Date through the end of the calendar year in which the Closing Date
occurs, and the denominator of which is 365. Seller shall be obligated to pay
the balance of any such bonuses.

                                       38
<PAGE>

         Section 10.4 Similarity of Benefit Packages. As of the Closing Date,
and except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article X, Buyer shall
include each Transferred Employee in a benefit package providing benefits that
are in the aggregate substantially similar to those provided by Seller to such
Transferred Employees immediately prior to the Closing Date. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, to the extent that one or more collective bargaining agreements being
assumed by Buyer contains provisions pertaining to employee benefits, Buyer
shall provide the Transferred Employees covered by such agreements with benefits
that are identical to those required to be provided under the terms of such
agreements. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article X, Buyer
shall treat all service and compensation credited to each such Transferred
Employee as if such service and compensation had been rendered to, and paid by,
Buyer for all purposes under Buyer's benefit plans, arrangements, and policies.

         Section 10.5 Defined Benefit Pension Plan.

                  (a) At least fifteen days prior to the Closing Date, Seller
shall take any and all actions necessary to cease benefit accruals and fully
vest all Transferred Employees in their accrued benefits under the Citizens
Pension Plan ("Seller's Pension Plan"). Seller shall retain all liabilities and
assets for pension benefits accrued through the Closing Date by Transferred
Employees and retirees of the Business under Seller's Pension Plan.

                  (b) As of the Closing Date, Buyer shall cause all union
Transferred Employees to be included in a qualified defined benefit pension plan
providing benefits identical to the benefits provided under the Seller's Pension
Plan ("Buyer's Pension Plan"). Buyer shall take all actions necessary to cause
Buyer's Pension Plan to recognize the service that all union Transferred
Employees had under Seller's Pension Plan for purposes of such Employees'
eligibility to participate, vesting, attainment of retirement dates, subsidized
benefits, and entitlement to optional forms of payment.

         Section 10.6 401(k) Plan.

                  (a) Buyer shall take all action necessary to ensure that, as
of the Closing Date, it includes Transferred Employees in a qualified 401(k)
plan providing for matching contributions at least equivalent to that provided
to the Transferred Employee under Citizens 401(k) Savings Plan ("Seller's 401(k)
Plan") immediately prior to the Closing Date. Buyer shall take all actions
necessary to cause Buyer's 401(k) Plan to recognize the service that the
Transferred Employees had in Seller's 401(k) Plan for purposes of determining
such Employees' eligibility to participate, vesting, attainment of retirement
dates, contribution levels and, if applicable, eligibility for optional forms of
benefit payments. Buyer shall cause the trustee of Buyer's 401(k) Plan to accept
transfers and direct rollovers from Seller's 401(k) Plan of the vested account
balances of Transferred Employees, including transfers of outstanding loan
balances and related promissory notes, subject to compliance with applicable
law.

                  (b) Seller shall vest Transferred Employees in their account
balances under Seller's 401(k) Plan as of the Closing Date. Seller shall direct
the trustee of Seller's 401(k) Plan to transfer to the trustee of Buyer's 401(k)
Plan an amount of cash equal to the value of the account balances of the
Transferred Employees under Seller's 401(k) Plan; except that to the extent that
the account balances consist of outstanding loans, Seller shall direct the
trustee of Seller's 401(k) Plan to transfer to the trustee of Buyer's 401(k)
Plan the promissory notes and related documents evidencing such loans.

                                       39
<PAGE>

                  (c) After the transfer of assets and liabilities pursuant to
this Section, Buyer shall assume all liabilities for the benefits payable with
respect to Transferred Employees under Seller's 401(k) Plan, and Seller and
Seller's 401(k) Plan shall have no liability for such benefits.

                  (d) In connection with the transfer of assets and liabilities
under this Section, Seller and Buyer shall cooperate in making all appropriate
filings, and providing all applicable notices, required by the IRC or ERISA.
Buyer shall deliver to Seller a copy of Buyer's 401(k) Plan, and a copy of the
most recent determination letter from the IRS with respect to such Plan,
together with a certification to the effect that no events have occurred since
the date of the determination letter that would adversely affect the Plan's
qualified status.

         Section 10.7 Welfare Benefits.

                  (a) Buyer shall take all action necessary and appropriate to
ensure that, as of the Closing Date, Buyer maintains employee welfare benefit
plans (including retiree medical benefits) for the benefit of Transferred
Employees that, in the case of nonunion Transferred Employees are, in the
aggregate, comparable to those benefits provided by Seller under its
corresponding welfare benefit plans (the "Buyer's Nonunion Welfare Plans"), and
in the case of union Transferred Employees are identical to those benefits
provided to union Transferred Employees under Seller's corresponding welfare
benefit plans (the "Buyer's Bargained Welfare Plans"), as in effect immediately
prior to the Closing Date. The Buyer's Nonunion Welfare Plans and the Buyer's
Bargained Welfare Plans are hereinafter referred to collectively as the "Buyer
Welfare Plans." For purposes of determining eligibility to participate, and
entitlement to benefits, in each Buyer Welfare Plan, each Transferred Employee
shall be credited with service, determined under the terms of the corresponding
welfare plans maintained by Seller on the Closing Date (hereinafter referred to
collectively as the "Seller Welfare Plans"). Any restrictions on coverage for
pre-existing conditions, actively at work requirements, waiting periods, and
requirements for evidence of insurability under the Buyer Welfare Plans shall be
waived in the Buyer Welfare Plans for Transferred Employees, and Transferred
Employees shall receive credit under the Buyer Welfare Plans for co-payments,
payments under a deductible limit made by them, and for out-of-pocket maximums
applicable to them during the plan year of the Seller Welfare Plan in which the
Closing Date occurs. As soon as practicable after the Closing Date, Seller shall
deliver to Buyer a list of the Transferred Employees who had credited service
under a Seller Welfare Plan, together with each such Transferred Employee's
service, co-payment, deductible and out-of-pocket payment amounts under such
plan.

                  (b) Buyer shall provide or cause to be provided retiree
medical, dental, and life benefits to each retiree of the Business identified in
Schedule 10.7 as updated as of the Closing Date (the "Retirees"), to each
Transferred Employee who is considered to be a "grandfathered employee" (as
hereinafter defined), and to each union Transferred Employee who otherwise is
eligible for such retiree benefits, under the same terms and conditions as
applied to such Retiree or Transferred Employee immediately prior to the Closing
Date, and Seller shall have no obligation or liability, contingent or otherwise,
to provide retiree medical, dental or life benefits to any such Retiree or
Transferred Employee on or after the Closing Date. For purposes of this Section
10.7, a "grandfathered employee" is a union or nonunion Transferred Employee,
who was at least age 55 with at least 10 years of service as defined in the
Seller's Pension Plan by December 31, 1997, and who retires after December 31,
1997. Schedule 10.7 identifies each Active Employee who is a "grandfathered
employee" and each union Active Employee who otherwise is eligible for such
retiree benefits. Buyer agrees not to terminate or materially modify those
post-retirement benefit provisions covering "grandfathered" Transferred
Employees, eligible union Transferred Employees, Retirees, their spouses and
dependents that are in effect immediately prior to the Closing Date.

                                       40
<PAGE>

                  (c) Within sixty (60) days after the Closing, Seller agrees to
transfer to an exempt trust established by Buyer under Section 501(c)(9) of the
IRC ("Buyer's VEBA") the amount held under any trust established by Seller under
Section 501(c)(9) of the IRC ("Seller's VEBA") to fund post-retirement health
care and life insurance benefits for the Business. Such amount shall be
determined based upon Seller's internal recordkeeping. Buyer agrees that Buyer's
VEBA will apply an amount at least equal to the sum of the assets transferred
from Seller's VEBA (and earnings thereon calculated at the rate of return
generated by Buyer's VEBA) to provide post-retirement health care and life
insurance benefits after the Closing Date to the Retirees and, as applicable,
the Transferred Employees who become eligible for such benefits after Closing.
Upon Closing, Buyer shall be responsible for all obligations of Seller to
provide post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits to such
Transferred Employees and Retirees, and Seller and Seller's VEBA shall cease to
have any liability, contingent or otherwise, for such benefits.

         Section 10.8 Flexible Spending Accounts. Seller shall transfer to
Buyer's flexible benefits plan any balances standing to the credit of
Transferred Employees under Seller's flexible benefits plan as of the Closing
Date. Seller shall provide to Buyer prior to the Closing Date a list of those
Transferred Employees that have participated in the health or dependent care
reimbursement accounts of Seller, together with their elections made prior to
the Closing Date with respect to such account, and balances standing to their
credit as of the Closing Date.

         Section 10.9 Employment Agreements. Buyer shall assume all obligations
of each employment agreement to which Seller or its Affiliates is a party and
which covers any Transferred Employee immediately prior to the Closing Date.

         Section 10.10 Vacation. Seller shall pay to Transferred Employees any
"banked" vacation credited to them on or prior to the Closing Date. On or after
the Closing Date, Buyer shall provide to each Transferred Employee vacation in
an amount equal to the Transferred Employee's vacation entitlement for the year
of the Closing reduced by the number of vacation days that such Transferred
Employee has taken on or before the Closing.

         Section 10.11 Severance. In the event that Buyer terminates the
services of any Transferred Employee within twelve (12) months following the
Closing Date without cause, Buyer shall provide to any such Transferred Employee
severance or separation pay benefits that are at least equal to the benefits
that would have been paid by Seller had Seller continued to employ such
Transferred Employee through such twelve month period ending on the employee's
date of termination from Buyer; provided, however, that if a collective
bargaining agreement that is applicable to a union Transferred Employee would
provide for a greater benefit to be paid by Buyer, the terms and conditions of
such agreement shall instead be applicable. "Cause" for termination shall
consist of: (a) any act of dishonesty or fraud; (b) an employee's conviction of
a crime involving fraud, embezzlement or any other act of moral turpitude; (c)
an employee's gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of his
duties; (d) an employee's engagement in acts seriously detrimental to the
Business or reputation of Buyer; (e) an employee's failure to abide by lawful
policies of Buyer; and (f) the employee's failure to abide by the directives of
the employee's superior.

                                       41
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                                   ARTICLE XI
                                   TAX MATTERS

         Section 11.1 Purchase Price Allocation. Buyer and Seller shall use
their good faith efforts to agree upon the allocation (the "Allocation") of the
Purchase Price, the Assumed Liabilities and other relevant items (including, for
example, adjustments to the Purchase Price) to the individual assets or classes
of assets as required by Section 1060 of the IRC and the Treasury Regulations
promulgated thereunder. If Buyer and Seller agree to such Allocation, Buyer and
Seller covenant and agree that, except to the extent that the IRS or other
Governmental Body successfully challenges such Allocation, (i) the values
assigned to the assets by the parties' mutual agreement shall be conclusive and
final for all purposes, (ii) Buyer and Seller shall file all federal Tax
Returns, including IRS Form 8594, in accordance with such Allocation, and (iii)
neither Buyer nor Seller will take any position before any Governmental Body or
in any Proceeding that is in any way inconsistent with such Allocation.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Buyer and Seller cannot agree to an
Allocation, Buyer and Seller covenant and agree to file, and to cause their
respective Affiliates to file, all Tax Returns and schedules thereto (including,
for example, amended returns, claims for refund, and those returns and forms
required under Section 1060 of the IRC and any Treasury regulations promulgated
thereunder) consistent with each of such party's good faith Allocations, unless
otherwise required because of a change in any Legal Requirement.

         Section 11.2 Cooperation with Respect to Like-Kind Exchange. Buyer
agrees that Seller may, at Seller's election prior to the Closing Date, direct
Buyer to acquire any portion of the Assets by delivering all or a portion of the
Purchase Price to a "qualified intermediary" (as defined in Treasury Regulations
ss.1.1031(k) - (l)(g)(4)) as to assist Seller in structuring the relinquishment
of the Assets to qualify as part of a like-kind exchange of property covered by
Section 1031 of the IRC. If Seller so elects, Buyer shall cooperate with Seller
(but without being required to incur any out-of-pocket costs in the course
thereof) in connection with Seller's efforts to effect such like-kind exchange,
which cooperation shall include, without limitation, taking such actions as
Seller reasonably requests in order to enable Seller to qualify such transfer as
part of a like-kind exchange of property covered by Section 1031 of the IRC
(including any actions required to facilitate the use of a "qualified
intermediary"), and Buyer agrees that Seller may assign all or part of its
rights and delegate all or part of its obligations under this Agreement to a
person or entity acting as a qualified intermediary to the extent necessary to
qualify the transfer of the Assets as part of a like-kind exchange of property
covered by Section 1031 of the IRC, provided, however, that no such assignment
shall relieve Seller of any of its obligations under this Agreement. Buyer and
Seller agree in good faith to use reasonable efforts to coordinate the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement with any other transactions engaged
in by either Buyer or Seller; provided that such efforts are not required to
include an unreasonable delay in the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement. Seller agrees to pay any additional Transaction
Taxes that may be imposed as a result of any like-kind exchange contemplated by
this Section 11.2 and to reimburse Buyer for any additional out-of-pocket legal
fees and expenses that may be incurred by Buyer in connection with any such
exchange.

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<PAGE>

         Section 11.3 Transaction Taxes. Buyer and Seller shall each bear and be
responsible for paying one-half of any sales, use, transfer, documentary,
registration (other than any annual registration fees), business and occupation
and other similar Taxes (including related penalties (civil or criminal),
additions to tax and interest) imposed by any Governmental Body with respect to
the transfer of Assets (including the Real Property) to Buyer ("Transaction
Taxes"), regardless of whether the tax authority seeks to collect such Taxes
from Seller or Buyer. Seller shall prepare all tax filings related to any
Transaction Taxes (other than with respect to Real Property and motor vehicle
title transfer and registration, which shall be prepared by Buyer). Fifteen (15)
days prior to making such filings, the filing party shall provide to the
nonfiling party the filing party's workpapers for the nonfiling party's review
and approval. The nonfiling party shall provide to the filing party approval or
disapproval of such workpapers within ten (10) days of delivery by the filing
party. The filing party shall be responsible for (i) administering the payment
of such Transaction Taxes, (ii) defending or pursuing any Proceedings related
thereto, and (iii) paying any expenses related thereto, in each case subject to
reimbursement by the nonfiling party for one-half of such payments and expenses.
Each party shall give prompt written notice to the other of any proposed
adjustment or assessment of any Transaction Taxes with respect to the
transaction, or of any examination of said transaction in a sales, use, transfer
or similar tax audit. In any Proceedings, whether formal or informal, the filing
party shall control the defense of such Proceedings, but shall permit the
nonfiling party to participate in the defense of such proceeding and shall take
all actions and execute all documents required to allow such participation.
Neither party shall negotiate a settlement or compromise of any Transaction
Taxes without the prior written consent of the other, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld.

                                   ARTICLE XII
                              ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

         Section 12.1 Environmental Due Diligence.

                  (a) Right to Conduct Environmental Due Diligence. Regarding
environmental matters, Buyer has completed its initial environmental due
diligence prior to execution of this Agreement, including a review of the
Environmental Data. Buyer also has required Seller to make the representations
concerning environmental matters set forth in Section 5.14, upon which Buyer is
relying. In light of these actions, Buyer agrees not to conduct additional
environmental due diligence (including employee interviews and sampling of any
media or wastewater) except in accordance with this Section 12.1. All activities
of Buyer regarding environmental due diligence shall be conducted to minimize
any inconvenience or interruption of the normal use and enjoyment of the
Business and the Assets.

                  (b) Delivery of Environmental Reports. Seller has made
available to Buyer before the date of execution of this Agreement copies of all
written environmental audits, reports or studies in Seller's possession of which
Seller has Knowledge and which were prepared after December 31, 1996, concerning
the existence or possible existence of Hazardous Materials on, or under or
adjacent to any of the Real Property or relating to potential Environmental
Liability of Seller in connection with the Business or the Assets. Buyer shall
provide to Seller copies of all reports, assessments and other information
composed or compiled by Buyer or Buyer's environmental consultant(s) promptly
following Buyer's receipt thereof. Buyer shall treat all such information
delivered to, or composed or compiled by, Buyer or Buyer's environmental
consultant(s) as Environmental Data in accordance with the procedures of Section
12.1(c).

                                       43
<PAGE>

                  (c) Confidentiality of Environmental Data. All audits, reports
and studies delivered to or prepared by Buyer and all other information
collected and generated as a result of Buyer's environmental due diligence
("Environmental Data") will be subject to the terms and conditions of the
Confidentiality Agreement, except as otherwise expressly provided in this
Section 12.1. Neither Buyer nor its environmental consultant(s) shall disclose
or release any Environmental Data without the prior written consent of Seller
and all such information shall be kept strictly confidential. The Environmental
Data shall be prepared at the request of counsel to Buyer and, to the fullest
extent permitted by law, shall be the work product of such counsel and
constitute confidential attorney/client communications. The Environmental Data
shall be transferred among Buyer and its consultant(s) in a manner that will
preserve, to the greatest extent possible, such privileges. Buyer expressly
agrees that until the Closing, it will not distribute the Environmental Data to
any third party without Seller's prior written consent. After the Closing, each
Party agrees that it will not distribute the Environmental Data to any third
party without the other's prior written consent, except as required by law or by
express provisions of its corporate compliance program if the other Party is
provided written notice at least ten (10) days prior to such distribution,
provided, however, that for a period of two (2) years after the Closing Date,
Buyer may distribute the Environmental Data to any potential purchaser of the
Assets only after first notifying the Seller.

                  (d) Environmental Consultants. Buyer may retain one or more
outside environmental consultants to assist in its environmental due diligence
concerning the Assets and shall notify Seller of the environmental consultant or
consultants Buyer intends to retain. Thereafter, Seller shall have five (5) days
after receipt of such notification to notify Buyer in writing of Seller's
objection (which must be for good cause) and substantiate the basis for that
objection. If Seller does not object for good cause and substantiate that
objection within said five (5) day period, Seller shall be deemed to have
consented to Buyer's selection.

                  (e) Phase I Reviews. Buyer has conducted various environmental
assessment activities with respect to the Assets, including reviewing existing
environmental reports, correspondence, permits and related materials regarding
the Assets, but excluding inspecting individual sites. Buyer may not conduct any
further Phase I environmental assessment activities with respect to the Assets
without the prior written consent of Seller, which consent may be withheld,
conditioned or delayed by Seller in its sole discretion. Any permitted Phase I
environmental assessment activities shall not include any sampling or intrusive
testing.

                  (f) Phase II Reviews. Buyer may not conduct any Phase II
environmental assessment activities with respect to the Assets (including, but
not limited to, the taking and analysis of soil, surface water and groundwater
samples, testing of buildings, drilling wells, taking soil borings and
excavating) without the prior written consent of Seller, which consent may be
withheld, conditioned or delayed by Seller in its sole discretion.

                  (g) Additional Due Diligence. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
if prior to Closing Seller receives notice of any Proceeding or Threatened
Proceeding arising under Environmental Laws or if Seller otherwise acquires
Knowledge that is reasonably likely to require a change to Schedule 5.14, Seller
promptly shall notify Buyer of the same and Buyer may request that Seller
authorize Buyer to conduct specific additional environmental due diligence
measures if and to the extent that such measures are required to determine the
extent of any potential Environmental Liability relating thereto. Such
authorization shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed by
Seller. Any such additional environmental due diligence shall be conducted at
Buyer's sole expense.

                                       44
<PAGE>

                  (h) Indemnity for Due Diligence Activities. Buyer hereby
agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Seller, Seller's Affiliates and their
respective officers, directors, employees, agents, successors and assigns from
and against any and all Losses with respect to persons or property arising out
of or resulting from any site visit by Buyer or its environmental consultant(s)
and resulting from an act or omission of Buyer or its environmental
consultant(s), provided, however, that such indemnity shall not extend to Losses
resulting from the discovery of pre-existing damage or other pre-existing
conditions of the Assets.

                                  ARTICLE XIII
                                 INDEMNIFICATION

         Section 13.1 Indemnification by Seller. From and after Closing and
subject to the other provisions of this Article XIII, Seller shall indemnify and
hold harmless Buyer, its Representatives, Affiliates, successors and permitted
assigns (collectively, the "Buyer Indemnitees") from and against any and all
Losses arising out of or resulting from:

                  (a) any representations and warranties made by Seller in this
Agreement not being true and correct when made or when required by this
Agreement to be true and correct, or any breach or default by Seller in the
performance of its covenants, agreements, or obligations under this Agreement
required to be performed prior to Closing;

                  (b) any breach or default by Seller in the performance of its
covenants, agreements, or obligations under this Agreement required to be
performed after Closing; and

                  (c) the Retained Liabilities, including the Retained
Environmental Liabilities.

         Section 13.2 Indemnification by Buyer. From and after Closing and
subject to the other provisions of this Article XIII, Buyer shall indemnify and
hold harmless Seller, its Representatives, Affiliates, successors and permitted
assigns (collectively, the "Seller Indemnitees") from and against any and all
Losses arising out of or resulting from:

                  (a) any representations and warranties made by Buyer in this
Agreement not being true and correct when made or when required by this
Agreement to be true and correct, or any breach or default by Buyer in the
performance of its covenants, agreements, or obligations under this Agreement
required to be performed prior to Closing;

                  (b) any breach or default by Buyer in the performance of its
covenants, agreements, or obligations under this Agreement required to be
performed after Closing;

                  (c) Assumed Liabilities, including the Assumed Environmental
Liabilities; and

                  (d) any event as a result of which the interest on the Bonds
may be included in the gross income of the recipient for purposes of federal
income taxation, to the extent such event arises out of or results from any act,
negligence, fault or failure of Buyer or any assignee, lessee or successor of
Buyer, including any breach or default by Buyer in its performance of the
Buyer's IDRB Obligations and any breach or violation of the representations,
warranties, covenants and agreements set forth in the IDRB Obligations Agreement
executed and delivered by Buyer in accordance with Sections 6.7(a) and 8.1(d).

                                       45
<PAGE>

                  Section 13.3 Limitations on Liability. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the liability of Seller and Buyer
under this Agreement and any documents delivered in connection herewith or
contemplated hereby shall be limited as follows:

                  (a) IN NO EVENT SHALL SELLER BE LIABLE TO THE BUYER
INDEMNITEES, OR SHALL BUYER BE LIABLE TO THE SELLER INDEMNITEES, FOR ANY
EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, REMOTE OR SPECULATIVE
DAMAGES; provided, however, that if Buyer or Seller is held liable to a third
party for any of such damages and Seller or Buyer, respectively is obligated to
indemnify the other for the matter that gave rise to such damages, then Seller
or Buyer, as appropriate, shall be liable for, and obligated to reimburse the
other for, such damages.

                  (b) Except as provided below, the representations, warranties,
covenants and agreements of Seller and Buyer set forth in this Agreement shall
survive the Closing for the applicable period of time set forth below in this
Section 13.3(b), and all representations, warranties, covenants and agreements
of Seller and Buyer under this Agreement and the indemnities granted by Seller
and Buyer in Section 13.1 or Section 13.2, respectively, shall terminate at 5:00
p.m., local time in Stamford, Connecticut, on the appropriate anniversary of the
Closing Date or on the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations (or
extensions or waivers thereof), as the case may be, as set forth below in this
Section 13.3(b); provided, however, that such indemnities shall survive with
respect only to the specific matters that is the subject of a proper Claim
Notice delivered in good faith in compliance with the requirements of this
Section 13.3 until the earlier to occur of (A) the date on which a final
nonappealable resolution of the matter described in such Claim Notice has been
reached or (B) the date on which the matter described in such Claim Notice has
otherwise reached final resolution.

                           (1) The representations and warranties of Seller
contained in Section 5.9 (Taxes), the covenants and agreements of Seller
relating to Taxes, and the related indemnity obligations of Seller contained in
Section 13.1 shall terminate on, and no action or claim with respect thereto may
be brought following, the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations
(or extensions or waivers thereof).

                           (2) The representations and warranties of Seller
contained in Section 5.5 (Title to Assets; Liens) and the related indemnity
obligations of Seller contained in Section 13.1 shall terminate on, and no
action or claim with respect thereto may be brought after, the third anniversary
of the Closing Date.

                           (3) The representations and warranties of Sellers
contained in Section 5.14 (Environmental Matters) and the related indemnity
obligations of Sellers contained in Section 13.1 shall terminate on, and no
action or claim with respect thereto may be brought after, the fourth
anniversary of the Closing Date.

                           (4) All other representations and warranties of
Seller and Buyer contained in this Agreement and the related indemnity
obligations of Buyer and Seller contained in this Agreement shall terminate on,
and no further action or claim with respect thereto may be brought after, the
second anniversary of the Closing Date.

                                       46
<PAGE>

                           (5) Except as set forth in the proviso to this clause
(5), the indemnity obligations of Seller contained in Section 13.1 with respect
to any Retained Liability shall terminate on, and no action or claim with
respect thereto may be brought after, the second anniversary of the Closing
Date, provided that the indemnity obligations of Seller contained in Section
13.1 for (i) Retained Liabilities relating to Taxes shall survive until the
expiration of the applicable statute of limitations (or extensions or waivers
thereof); (ii) Retained Environmental Liabilities with respect to which Seller
had no Knowledge as of the Closing Date shall survive until the fourth
anniversary of the Closing Date; and (iii) Retained Liabilities described in
Sections 2.3(a), (c) and (d), Retained Liabilities relating to the Proceedings
described in items I.1 and I.2 of Schedule 5.8, and any Disclosed Pre-Closing
Liability (and any liability or obligation that would have been a Disclosed
Pre-Closing Liability had Seller disclosed such liability or obligation to Buyer
if Seller had Knowledge of such liability or obligation as of the Closing Date)
shall survive for an unlimited period of time. The Retained Liabilities
described in clauses (i) and (iii) of this Section 13.3(b)(5) are collectively
referred to hereinafter as the "Specified Retained Liabilities.

                           (6) The indemnity obligations of Buyer contained in
Section 13.2 with respect to any Assumed Liability shall survive for an
unlimited period of time.

                           (7) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Parties
acknowledge that Buyer shall be entitled to indemnification by Seller for Losses
incurred by Buyer in respect of any intentional or reckless misrepresentation or
omission or fraud by Seller without any time limitation (it being understood
that the failure to cure a breach shall not, by itself, be an intentional or
reckless act or omission).

In no event shall any amounts be recovered from Seller or Buyer under Section
13.1 or Section 13.2, respectively, or otherwise for any matter for which a
Claim Notice is not delivered to Seller or Buyer, as the case may be, prior to
the close of business on the applicable date set forth above.

                  (c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this
Agreement, Seller shall not be required to indemnify the Buyer Indemnities, or
be otherwise liable in any way whatsoever to the Buyer Indemnitees, for any
Losses (other than Losses incurred by Buyer in respect of the Specified Retained
Liabilities and any intentional or reckless misrepresentation or omission or
fraud by Seller, it being understood that the failure to cure a breach shall
not, by itself, be an intentional or reckless act or omission (the "First-Dollar
Losses")) until the Buyer Indemnitees have suffered Losses (determined after
giving effect to the provisions of Section 13.3(f) and other than First-Dollar
Losses) that, when taken together with all other claims for Losses (other than
First-Dollar Losses) under Section 13.1 of each of the Related Purchase
Agreements, are in excess of a deductible in an amount equal to two percent (2%)
of the total of the Purchase Price plus the aggregate gross purchase price set
forth in each Related Purchase Agreement that is consummated, after which point
Seller will be obligated only to indemnify the Buyer Indemnitees from and
against further Losses other than First-Dollar Losses in excess of such
deductible. Buyer shall be entitled to indemnification for all First-Dollar
Losses.

                  (d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this
Agreement, Seller shall not be required to indemnify the Buyer Indemnitees, or
be otherwise liable in any way whatsoever to the Buyer Indemnitees, for any
Losses (other than First-Dollar Losses) that, when combined with the aggregate
amount of Losses (other than First-Dollar Losses) that are subject to
indemnification by Seller under Section 13.1 of the Related Purchase Agreements,
are in excess of an amount equal to five percent (5%) of the total of the
Purchase Price plus the aggregate gross purchase price set forth in each Related
Purchase Agreement that is consummated. Buyer shall be entitled to
indemnification for all First-Dollar Losses.

                  (e) Except to the extent otherwise expressly provided in this
Agreement, no right to indemnification under this Article XIII shall be limited
by reason of any investigation conducted by any Party at any time or by the
decision by a Party to complete the Closing. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
Buyer acknowledges that Seller's indemnity obligations contained in Section 13.1
are subject to the applicable limitations set forth in Section 13.3, and that
certain obligations and liabilities of Seller are included among the Assumed
Liabilities.

                                       47
<PAGE>

                  (f) Neither Party shall have liability for any claim or Loss
(A) that is covered by insurance for which the other Party recovers payments in
respect of such Loss or with respect to which the other Party otherwise recovers
payments in respect of such Loss from any other sources (whether in a lump sum
or stream of payments) or (B) that is the type normally recoverable by the
Business through rates, but in each case only to the extent of such payments or
recovery. With respect to insurance proceeds only, such recovery shall be
calculated net of the insured party's out-of-pocket costs relating to claim
preparation and settlement. With respect to recovery through rates, if the
amount of the Losses that is included in rates is not specifically adjudicated
in the related Final Order, the amount of the Losses included in rates will be
calculated as follows: (i) if the cost associated with the Losses is booked as
an item of operating expense, the amount of such expense included in rates will
be the result of the ratio where total test period operating expenses allowed
for ratemaking purposes in such Final Order is the numerator and Buyer's total
requested test period operating expenses (including the Losses) is the
denominator; (ii) if the cost associated with the Losses is booked as an item of
rate base, the amount of such rate base included in rates will be the result of
the ratio where total test period rate base allowed for ratemaking purposes in
such Final Order is the numerator and Buyer's total requested test period rate
base (including the Losses) is the denominator. Buyer agrees to use its
commercially reasonable efforts to give timely and effective written notice to
the appropriate insurance carrier(s) of any occurrence or circumstances which,
in the judgment of Buyer consistent with its customary risk management
practices, appear likely to give rise to a claim against Buyer that is likely to
involve one or more insurance policies of Buyer. Any such notice shall be given
in good faith by Buyer without regard to the possibility of indemnification
payments by Seller under Section 13.1, and shall be processed by Buyer in good
faith and in a manner consistent with its risk management practices involving
claims for which no third party contractual indemnification is available. Buyer
agrees that (i) if it is entitled to receive payment from Seller for a Loss, and
(ii) if Buyer has obtained insurance which may cover the claim or matter giving
rise to such Loss, then (iii) such insurance shall be primary coverage and Buyer
will make a claim under such insurance (if such claim can be made in good faith)
before enforcing its right to receive payment from Seller. If at any time
subsequent to the receipt by a Buyer Indemnitee of an indemnity payment from
Seller hereunder, such Buyer Indemnitee (or any Affiliate thereof) receives any
recovery, settlement or other similar payment with respect to the Loss for which
it receives such indemnity payment, such Buyer Indemnitee shall promptly pay to
Seller an amount equal to the amount of such recovery, less (for insurance
proceeds only) any out-of-pocket costs incurred by such Buyer Indemnitee (or its
Affiliates) in connection with claim preparation and settlement, but in no event
shall any such payment exceed the amount of such indemnity payment; provided,
that if such net recovery reduces the amount of Losses actually incurred by the
Buyer Indemnitees to an amount that is then below the deductible amount set
forth in Section 13.3(c) and if Seller has made other payments to the Buyer
Indemnitees for other Losses in excess of such deductible amount, then Buyer
also shall promptly pay to Seller an amount equal to the portion of such
payments made by Seller that Seller would not have been obligated to make
pursuant to Section 13.3(c) had the Losses of the Buyer Indemnitees not included
the Losses covered by such net recovery. No other cost or expense relating to
any such recovery shall reduce the amount of such payment to Seller.

                  (g) Notwithstanding any language contained in any Related
Document (including deeds and other conveyance documents relating to the Real
Property), the representations and warranties of Seller set forth in this
Agreement will not be merged into any such Related Document and the
indemnification obligations of Seller, and the limitations on such obligations,
set forth in this Agreement shall control. No provision set forth in any such
Related Document shall be deemed to enlarge, alter or amend the terms or
provisions of this Agreement.

                  (h) In the event that the interest on any of the Bonds becomes
subject to federal or state income taxation prior to Closing, the
representations and warranties of Buyer contained in Section 6.7 with respect to
such Bonds shall be null and void ab initio and no action or claim with respect
thereto may be brought.

                                       48
<PAGE>

         Section 13.4 Claims Procedure.

                  (a) All claims for indemnification under Section 13.1 or 13.2,
or any other provision of this Agreement except as otherwise expressly provided
in this Agreement, shall be asserted and resolved pursuant to this Article XIII.
Any Person claiming indemnification hereunder referred to as the "Indemnified
Party" and any Person against whom such claims are asserted hereunder is
hereinafter referred to as the "Indemnifying Party." In the event that any
Losses are asserted against or sought to be collected from an Indemnified Party
by a third party, said Indemnified Party shall with reasonable promptness
provide to the Indemnifying Party a Claim Notice. The Indemnifying Party shall
be relieved of its obligations to indemnify the Indemnified Party with respect
to any such Losses only to the extent the Indemnified Party's delay in notifying
the Indemnifying Party thereof in accordance with the provisions of this
Agreement so prejudice the Indemnifying Party's ability to defend against the
Losses. The Indemnifying Party shall have twenty (20) days from the personal
delivery or receipt of the Claim Notice (the "Notice Period") to notify the
Indemnified Party (i) whether or not it disputes the liability of the
Indemnifying Party to the Indemnified Party hereunder with respect to such
Losses and/or (ii) whether or not it desires, at the sole cost and expense of
the Indemnifying Party, to defend the Indemnified Party against such Losses;
provided, however, that any Indemnified Party is hereby authorized prior to and
during the Notice Period to file any motion, answer or other pleading that it
shall deem necessary or appropriate to protect its interests or those of the
Indemnifying Party (and of which it shall have given notice and opportunity to
comment to the Indemnifying Party) and not prejudicial to the Indemnifying
Party. In the event that the Indemnifying Party notifies the Indemnified Party
within the Notice Period that it desires to defend the Indemnified Party against
such Losses, the Indemnifying Party shall have the right to defend all
appropriate proceedings, and with counsel of its own choosing, which proceedings
shall be promptly settled or prosecuted by them to a final conclusion. If the
Indemnified Party desires to participate in, but not control, any such defense
or settlement it may do so at its sole cost and expense. If requested by the
Indemnifying Party, the Indemnified Party agrees to cooperate with the
Indemnifying Party and its counsel in contesting any Losses that the
Indemnifying Party elects to contest or, if appropriate and related to the claim
in question, in making any counterclaim against the Person asserting the third
party Losses, or any cross-complaint against any Person. No claim may be settled
or otherwise compromised without the prior written consent of both the
Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party.

                  (b) The Indemnified Party shall provide reasonable assistance
to the Indemnifying Party and provide access to its books, records and personnel
as the Indemnifying Party reasonably requests in connection with the
investigation or defense of the Losses. The Indemnifying Party shall promptly
upon receipt of reasonable supporting documentation reimburse the Indemnified
Party for out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by the latter in providing
the requested assistance.

                  (c) With regard to third party claims for which Buyer or
Seller is entitled to indemnification under Section 13.1 or 13.2, such
indemnification shall be paid by the Indemnifying Party upon: (i) the entry of
an Order against the Indemnified Party and the expiration of any applicable
appeal period; or (ii) a settlement with the consent of the Indemnifying Party,
provided that no such consent need be obtained if the Indemnifying Party fails
to respond to the Claim Notice as provided in Section 13.4(a). Notwithstanding
the foregoing but subject to Section 13.4(a), and provided that there is no
dispute as to the applicability of indemnification, expenses of counsel to the
Indemnified Party shall be reimbursed on a current basis by the Indemnifying
Party as if such expenses are a liability of the Indemnifying Party.

                                       49
<PAGE>

         Section 13.5 Exclusive Remedy. Except as otherwise provided in Section
6.4, the rights, remedies and obligations of the Buyer Indemnitees and the
Seller Indemnitees set forth in this Article XIII will be the exclusive rights,
remedies and obligations of such Persons after the Closing with respect to this
Agreement, the events giving rise to this Agreement and the transactions
provided for herein or contemplated hereby or thereby. No Proceeding for
termination or rescission, or claiming repudiation, of this Agreement or the
Bill of Sale may be brought or maintained by either party against the other
following the Closing Date no matter how severe, grave or fundamental any
breach, default or nonperformance may be by one party. Accordingly, the parties
hereby expressly waive and forego any and all rights they may possess to bring
any such Proceeding.

         Section 13.6 Indemnification for Negligence. WITHOUT LIMITING OR
ENLARGING THE SCOPE OF THE INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS SET FORTH IN THIS
AGREEMENT, AN INDEMNIFIED PARTY SHALL BE ENTITLED TO INDEMNIFICATION HEREUNDER
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS HEREOF, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THE LOSS OR CLAIM
GIVING RISE TO SUCH INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATION IS THE RESULT OF THE SOLE,
CONCURRENT OR COMPARATIVE NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, VIOLATION OF ANY LAW OR
OTHER LEGAL FAULT OF OR BY SUCH INDEMNIFIED PARTY. THE PARTIES AGREE THAT THIS
PARAGRAPH CONSTITUTES A CONSPICUOUS LEGEND.

         Section 13.7 Waiver and Release.

                  (a) Buyer, on behalf of itself and each other Buyer
Indemnitee, hereby forever waives, relieves, releases and discharges the Seller
Indemnitees and their successors and assigns from any and all rights,
liabilities, Proceedings (including future Proceedings) and Losses of any Buyer
Indemnitee, whether known or unknown at the Closing Date, which any Buyer
Indemnitee has or incurs, or may in the future have or incur, arising out of or
related to any Assumed Environmental Liability.

                  (b) Seller, on behalf of itself and each other Seller
Indemnitee, hereby forever waives, relieves, releases and discharges to Buyer
Indemnitees and their successors and assigns from any and all rights,
liabilities, Proceedings (including future Proceedings) and Losses of any Seller
Indemnitee, whether known or unknown at the Closing Date, which any Seller
Indemnitee has or incurs, or may in the future have or incur, arising out of or
related to any Retained Environmental Liabilities.

                                       50
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE XIV
                               GENERAL PROVISIONS

         Section 14.1 Expenses. Except as otherwise specifically provided
herein, each Party will pay all costs and expenses of its performance of and
compliance with this Agreement, except Buyer will pay all real estate transfer
taxes and real estate recording fees, if any, including expenses of counsel
associated with real estate title, transfer and recording issues.

         Section 14.2 Notices. All notices, requests and other communications
hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given upon
receipt if either (a) personally delivered, (b) sent by prepaid first class
mail, and registered or certified and a return receipt requested (c) sent by
overnight delivery via a nationally recognized carrier or (d) by facsimile with
completed transmission acknowledged:

                  If to Seller, to:

                  Citizens Utilities Company
                  High Ridge Park
                  Stamford, CT 06905
                  Attention:   Robert J. DeSantis
                  Telecopier:  (203) 614-4625

                  with a copy to:

                  Citizens Utilities Company
                  High Ridge Park
                  Stamford, CT 06905
                  Attention:   L. Russell Mitten, II
                  Telecopier:  (203) 614-4651

                  and:

                  Citizens Utilities Company
                  High Ridge Park
                  Stamford, CT 06905
                  Attention:   J. Michael Love
                  Telecopier:  (203) 614-5201

                  and:

                  Fleischman and Walsh, L.L.P.
                  1400 Sixteenth Street, N.W.
                  Washington, D.C.  20036
                  Attention: Jeffry L. Hardin
                  Telecopier:  (202) 387-3467

                                       51
<PAGE>

                  If to Buyer, to:

                  Cap Rock Energy
                  500 W. Wall Street, Suite 400
                  Midland, TX 79701
                  Attention: John D. Parker
                  Telecopier: (915) 684-0333

                  with a copy to:
                  Heller Ehrman White & McAuliffe LLP
                  701 Fifth Avenue, Suite 6100
                  Seattle, WA 98104-7098
                  Attention: Bruce M. Pym
                  Telecopier: (206) 447-0849

or at such other address or number as shall be given in writing by a party to
the other party.

         Section 14.3 Assignment. This Agreement may not be assigned, by
operation of law or otherwise, by any party hereto without the prior written
consent of the other party hereto, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld;
provided, however, in the event of any such assignment by a party by operation
of law without the consent of the other party as required above, such other
party may consent to such assignment after it has occurred and, in such event,
this Agreement and all the provisions hereof shall be binding upon the Person
receiving such assignment by operation of law. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
(a) Buyer may assign this Agreement, without the prior written consent of
Seller, to any direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Buyer provided such
subsidiary assumes in writing all of the duties and obligations of Buyer
hereunder (provided that no such assignment by Buyer shall in any way operate to
enlarge, alter or change any obligation due to Seller or relieve Buyer of its
obligations hereunder if such subsidiary fails to perform such obligations, with
the understanding that Buyer shall be jointly and severally liable with such
subsidiary for any nonperformance of Buyer's obligations hereunder); and (b)
Seller may assign all or part of its rights or delegate all or part of its
duties under this Agreement, without the prior written consent of Buyer, to a
qualified intermediary chosen by Seller to structure all or part of the
transactions contemplated hereby as a like-kind exchange of property covered by
Section 1031 of the IRC (provided that no such assignment by Seller shall in any
way operate to enlarge, alter or change any obligations due to Buyer or relieve
Seller of its obligations hereunder if such qualified intermediary fails to
perform such obligations, with the understanding that Seller shall be jointly
and severally liable with such qualified intermediary for any nonperformance of
Seller's obligations hereunder).

         Section 14.4 Successor Bound. Subject to the provisions of Section
14.3, this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the
parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns.

         Section 14.5 Governing Law. The validity, performance, and enforcement
of this Agreement and all Related Documents, unless expressly provided to the
contrary, shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware without giving
effect to the principles of conflicts of law of such state.

         Section 14.6 Dispute Resolution. Except as otherwise provided in
Sections 3.3(c) and 6.4, and this Section 14.6, any dispute, controversy or
claim between the parties relating to, arising out of or in connection with this
Agreement (or any subsequent agreements or amendments thereto), including as to
its existence, enforceability, validity, interpretation, performance or breach
or as to indemnification or damages, including claims in tort, whether arising
before or after the termination of this Agreement (any such dispute, controversy
or claim being herein referred to as a "Dispute") shall be settled without
litigation and only by use of the following alternative dispute resolution
procedure:

                                       52
<PAGE>

                  (a) At the written request of a party, each party shall
appoint a knowledgeable, responsible representative to meet and negotiate in
good faith to resolve any Dispute. The discussions shall be left to the
discretion of the representatives. Upon agreement, the representatives may
utilize other alternative dispute resolution procedures such as mediation to
assist in the negotiations. Discussions and correspondence among the parties'
representatives for purposes of these negotiations shall be treated as
confidential information developed for the purposes of settlement, exempt from
discovery and production, and without the concurrence of both parties shall not
be admissible in the arbitration described below, or in any lawsuit. Documents
identified in or provided with such communications, which are not prepared for
purposes of the negotiations, are not so exempted and may, if otherwise
admissible, be admitted in the arbitration.

                  (b) If negotiations between the representatives of the parties
do not resolve the Dispute within 60 days of the initial written request, the
Dispute shall be submitted to binding arbitration by a single arbitrator
pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules, as then amended and in effect, of
the American Arbitration Association (the "Rules"). Either party may demand such
arbitration in accordance with the procedures set out in the Rules. The
arbitration shall take place in Phoenix, Arizona. The arbitration hearing shall
be commenced within 60 days of such party's demand for arbitration. The
arbitrator shall have the power to and will instruct each party to produce
evidence through discovery (i) that is reasonably requested by the other party
to the arbitration in order to prepare and substantiate its case and (ii) the
production of which will not materially delay the expeditious resolution of the
dispute being arbitrated; each party hereto agrees to be bound by any such
discovery order. The arbitrator shall control the scheduling (so as to process
the matter expeditiously) and any discovery. The parties may submit written
briefs. At the arbitration hearing, each party may make written and oral
presentations to the arbitrator, present testimony and written evidence and
examine witnesses. No party shall be eligible to receive, and the arbitrator
shall not have the authority to award, exemplary or punitive damages. The
arbitrator shall rule on the Dispute by issuing a written opinion within 30 days
after the close of hearings. The arbitrator's decision shall be binding and
final. Judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrator may be entered in any
court having jurisdiction.

                  (c) Each party will bear its own costs and expenses in
submitting and presenting its position with respect to any Dispute to the
arbitrator; provided, however, that if the arbitrator determines that the
position taken in the Dispute by the nonprevailing party taken as a whole is
unreasonable, the arbitrator may order the nonprevailing party to bear such fees
and expenses, and reimburse the prevailing party for all or such portion of its
reasonable costs and expenses in submitting and presenting its position, as the
arbitrator shall reasonably determine to be fair under the circumstances. Each
party to the arbitration shall pay one-half of the fees and expenses of the
arbitrator and the American Arbitration Association.

                  (d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, (i)
either party may commence an action to compel compliance with this Section 14.6
and (ii) if any party, as part of a Dispute, seeks injunctive relief or any
other equitable remedy, including specific enforcement, then such party shall be
permitted to seek such injunctive or equitable relief in any federal or state
court or competent jurisdiction before, during or after the pendency of a
mediation or arbitration proceed under this Section 14.6.

                                       53
<PAGE>

         Section 14.7 Cooperation. Each of the parties hereto agrees to use its
commercially reasonable best efforts to take or cause to be taken all action,
and to do or cause to be done all things necessary, proper or advisable under
applicable laws, regulations or otherwise, to consummate and to make effective
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including, without limitation,
the timely performance of all actions and things contemplated by this Agreement
to be taken or done by each of the parties hereto.

         Section 14.8 Construction of Agreement. The terms and provisions of
this Agreement represent the results of negotiations between Buyer and Seller,
each of which has been represented by counsel of its own choosing, and neither
of which has acted under duress or compulsion, whether legal, economic or
otherwise. Accordingly, the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be
interpreted and construed in accordance with their usual and customary meanings,
and Buyer and Seller hereby waive the application in connection with the
interpretation and construction of this Agreement of any rule of law to the
effect that ambiguous or conflicting terms or provisions contained in this
Agreement shall be interpreted or construed against the party whose attorney
prepared the executed draft or any earlier draft of this Agreement. The word
"including" in this Agreement shall mean including without limitation. Words in
the singular shall be held to include the plural and vice versa and words of one
gender shall be held to include the other genders as the context requires. The
terms "hereof," "herein," and "herewith" and words of similar import shall,
unless otherwise stated, be construed to refer to this Agreement as a whole
(including all of the Schedules and Exhibits hereto) and not to any particular
provision of this Agreement, and Article, Section, paragraph, Exhibit and
Schedule references are to the Articles, Sections, paragraphs, Exhibits and
Schedules to this Agreement unless otherwise specified.

         Section 14.9 Publicity. No party hereto shall issue, make or cause the
publication of any press release or other announcement with respect to this
Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, or otherwise make any
disclosures relating thereto, without the prior written consent of the other
party, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed; provided,
however, that such consent shall not be required where such release or
announcement is required by applicable law or the rules or regulations of a
securities exchange, in which event the party so required to issue such release
or announcement shall endeavor, wherever possible, to furnish an advance copy of
the proposed release to the other party.

         Section 14.10 Waiver. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this
Agreement, neither the failure nor any delay on the part of any party to
exercise any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver
thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise or waiver of any such right,
power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise thereof, or the
exercise of any other right, power or privilege available to each party at law
or in equity.

         Section 14.11 Parties in Interest. This Agreement (including the
documents and instruments referred to herein) is not intended to confer upon any
Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors and permitted
assigns, any rights or remedies hereunder; provided, however, that the
indemnification provisions in Article XIII shall inure to the benefit of the
Buyer Indemnitees and the Seller Indemnitees as provided therein.

                                       54
<PAGE>

         Section 14.12 Section and Paragraph Headings. The section and paragraph
headings in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect
in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.

         Section 14.13 Amendment. This  Agreement may be amended only by an
instrument in writing  executed by the parties hereto.

         Section 14.14 Entire Agreement. This Agreement, the Exhibits and
Schedules hereto and the documents specifically referred to herein and the
Confidentiality Agreement constitute the entire agreement, understanding,
representations and warranties of the parties hereto, and supersede all prior
agreements, both written and oral, between Buyer and Seller. All Exhibits and
Schedules annexed hereto or referred to herein are hereby incorporated in and
made a part of this Agreement as if set forth in full herein. Disclosure of any
fact or item in any Schedule referenced by a particular paragraph or Section in
this Agreement shall, should such fact or item or its contents be expressly or
obviously related to any other paragraph or Section, be deemed to be disclosed
with respect to that other paragraph or Section whether or not any explicit
cross-reference appears therein.

         Section 14.15 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in multiple
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which
together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

         Section 14.16 Severability. If any term or other provision of this
Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any rule of law
or public policy, all other conditions and provisions of this Agreement shall
nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal
substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner
materially adverse to any party. Upon such determination that any term or other
provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the parties hereto
shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the
original intent of the parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner to
the end that transactions contemplated hereby are fulfilled to the greatest
extent possible.

                      [SIGNATURES APPEAR ON FOLLOWING PAGE]

                                       55
<PAGE>

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this
Agreement as of the date first written above.

                                        CITIZENS UTILITIES COMPANY

                                        By:
                                            -----------------------------------
                                            Robert J. DeSantis, Chief Financial
                                            Officer and Vice President

                                        CAP ROCK ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE

                                        By:
                                            -----------------------------------
                                            Name:
                                            Title:

                                        CAP ROCK ENERGY CORPORATION

                                        By:
                                            -----------------------------------
                                            Name:
                                            Title:

    [Signature page to Purchase and Sale Agreement (Arizona Electric) between
 Citizens Utilities Company, Cap Rock Electric Cooperative and Cap Rock Energy
                  Corporation, dated as of February 11, 2000.]

                                       56

<PAGE>

                                                                  EXECUTION COPY

                           PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT
                               (VERMONT ELECTRIC)

                                     between

                           CITIZENS UTILITIES COMPANY,

                          CAP ROCK ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE

                                       and

                           CAP ROCK ENERGY CORPORATION

                          Dated as of February 11, 2000

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                                               Page
<S>                                                                                                            <C>
ARTICLE I     DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................1
         Section 1.1       Certain Defined Terms..................................................................1
         Section 1.2       Other Defined Terms....................................................................9

ARTICLE II    PURCHASE AND SALE...................................................................................9
         Section 2.1       Purchase and Sale of Assets............................................................9
         Section 2.2       Assumed Liabilities....................................................................9
         Section 2.3       Retained Liabilities..................................................................11
         Section 2.4       Condition on Assignment or Assumption of Contracts and Rights.........................12

ARTICLE III   PURCHASE PRICE.....................................................................................12
         Section 3.1       Purchase Price........................................................................12
         Section 3.2       Deposit...............................................................................13
         Section 3.3       Calculation of Purchase Price.........................................................13
         Section 3.4       Prorations and Adjustments as of the Closing Date.....................................14

ARTICLE IV    REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BUYER............................................................15
         Section 4.1       Organization, Existence and Qualification.............................................15
         Section 4.2       Authority Relative to this Agreement and Binding Effect...............................15
         Section 4.3       Governmental Approvals................................................................15
         Section 4.4       Availability of Funds.................................................................16
         Section 4.5       Filings...............................................................................16
         Section 4.6       Brokers...............................................................................16
         Section 4.7       Independent Investigation.............................................................16
         Section 4.8       Public Utility Holding Company Status; Regulation as a Public Utility.................16
         Section 4.9       Buyer's Financial Statements..........................................................17
         Section 4.10      Buyer's Insurance. ...................................................................17

ARTICLE V     REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF SELLER...........................................................17
         Section 5.1       Organization, Existence and Qualification.............................................17
         Section 5.2       Authority Relative to this Agreement and Binding Effect...............................17
         Section 5.3       Governmental and Other Required Consents..............................................17
         Section 5.4       Public Utility Holding Company Status; Regulation as a Public Utility.................18
         Section 5.5       Title to Assets; Liens................................................................18
         Section 5.6       Financial Statements..................................................................18
         Section 5.7       Compliance with Legal Requirements; Governmental Permits.  ...........................19
         Section 5.8       Legal Proceedings; Outstanding Orders. ...............................................19
         Section 5.9       Taxes.................................................................................20
         Section 5.10      Intellectual Property.................................................................20
         Section 5.11      Personal Property.....................................................................20
         Section 5.12      Material Contracts; Existing Loan Documents...........................................20
         Section 5.13      Employee Benefit Matters..............................................................21
         Section 5.14      Environmental Matters.................................................................21
         Section 5.15      No Material Adverse Change............................................................22
         Section 5.16      State and Federal Regulatory Matters..................................................22
         Section 5.17      Brokers...............................................................................23
         Section 5.18      Employee Relations....................................................................23

</TABLE>

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                                               Page
<S>                                                                                                            <C>
         Section 5.19      Insurance.............................................................................23
         Section 5.20      Accounts Receivable...................................................................23
         Section 5.21      Appropriate Knowledge Persons.........................................................24
         Section 5.22      Disclaimer............................................................................24

ARTICLE VI    COVENANTS..........................................................................................24
         Section 6.1       Covenants of Seller...................................................................24
         Section 6.2       Covenants of Buyer....................................................................27
         Section 6.3       Governmental Filings..................................................................28
         Section 6.4       Citizens Marks........................................................................28
         Section 6.5       Acknowledgment by Buyer...............................................................29
         Section 6.6       Transition Plan.  ....................................................................29
         Section 6.7       Title Insurance.......................................................................30
         Section 6.8       Sale of Generating Assets.............................................................30
         Section 6.9       Hydro-Quebec Step-up Indemnity Agreement..............................................31

ARTICLE VII   CONDITIONS PRECEDENT...............................................................................31
         Section 7.1       Seller's Conditions Precedent to Closing..............................................31
         Section 7.2       Buyer's Conditions Precedent to Closing...............................................33

ARTICLE VIII  CLOSING............................................................................................34
         Section 8.1       Closing...............................................................................34

ARTICLE IX    TERMINATION........................................................................................35
         Section 9.1       Termination Rights....................................................................35
         Section 9.2       Limitation on Right to Terminate: Effect of Termination...............................36

ARTICLE X     EMPLOYEE MATTERS...................................................................................37
         Section 10.1      Employment of Transferred Employees...................................................37
         Section 10.2.     Assumption of Collective Bargaining Agreement Obligations.............................38
         Section 10.3      Cessation of Participation in Seller's Plans; Proration of Bonuses....................38
         Section 10.4      Similarity of Benefit Packages........................................................38
         Section 10.5      Defined Benefit Pension Plan..........................................................39
         Section 10.6      401(k) Plan...........................................................................39
         Section 10.7      Welfare Benefits......................................................................40
         Section 10.8      Flexible Spending Accounts............................................................41
         Section 10.9      Employment Agreements.................................................................41
         Section 10.10     Vacation..............................................................................41
         Section 10.11     Severance.............................................................................41

</TABLE>

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                                               Page
<S>                                                                                                            <C>
ARTICLE XI    TAX MATTERS........................................................................................41
         Section 11.1      Purchase Price Allocation.............................................................41
         Section 11.2      Cooperation with Respect to Like-Kind Exchange........................................42
         Section 11.3      Transaction Taxes.....................................................................42

ARTICLE XII   ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS..............................................................................43
         Section 12.1      Environmental Due Diligence...........................................................43

ARTICLE XIII  INDEMNIFICATION....................................................................................44
         Section 13.1      Indemnification by Seller.............................................................44
         Section 13.2      Indemnification by Buyer..............................................................45

</TABLE>

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                                               Page
<S>                                                                                                            <C>
         Section 13.3      Limitations on Liability..............................................................45
         Section 13.4      Claims Procedure......................................................................48
         Section 13.5      Exclusive Remedy......................................................................49
         Section 13.6      Indemnification for Negligence........................................................49
         Section 13.7      Waiver and Release....................................................................50

ARTICLE XIV  GENERAL PROVISIONS..................................................................................50
         Section 14.1      Expenses..............................................................................50
         Section 14.2      Notices...............................................................................50
         Section 14.3      Assignment............................................................................51
         Section 14.4      Successor Bound.......................................................................52
         Section 14.5      Governing Law.........................................................................52
         Section 14.6      Dispute Resolution....................................................................52
         Section 14.7      Cooperation...........................................................................53
         Section 14.8      Construction of Agreement.............................................................53
         Section 14.9      Publicity.  ..........................................................................54
         Section 14.10     Waiver................................................................................54
         Section 14.11     Parties in Interest...................................................................54
         Section 14.12     Section and Paragraph Headings........................................................54
         Section 14.13     Amendment.............................................................................54
         Section 14.14     Entire Agreement......................................................................54
         Section 14.15     Counterparts..........................................................................54
         Section 14.16     Severability..........................................................................55

</TABLE>

<PAGE>

                                LIST OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit 7.1(g)       Form of Buyer's Opinion of Counsel
Exhibit 7.2(g)       Form of Seller's Opinion of Counsel
Exhibit 8.1(a)       Form of Bill of Sale

                                LIST OF SCHEDULES

Schedule 1.1(a)      Excluded Assets
Schedule 1.1(b)      Related Purchase Agreements
Schedule 2.2(b)      Certain Assumed Proceedings
Schedule 5.2         Seller's Authority
Schedule 5.3         Seller's Governmental and Other Required Consents
Schedule 5.5         Encumbrances; Owned Real Property
Schedule 5.6(a)      Financial Statements
Schedule 5.6(b)      Certain Liabilities
Schedule 5.7         Compliance with Legal Requirements; Governmental Permits
Schedule 5.8         Legal Proceedings; Outstanding Orders
Schedule 5.9         Taxes
Schedule 5.10        Intellectual Property
Schedule 5.11        Extraordinary Required Repairs
Schedule 5.12        Material Contracts
Schedule 5.13        Employee Matters
Schedule 5.14        Environmental Matters
Schedule 5.15        Material Adverse Changes
Schedule 5.16        State and Federal Regulatory Matters
Schedule 5.19        Seller's Insurance
Schedule 6.1         Conduct of Business
Schedule 6.2(c)      Citizens' Guarantees and Surety Instruments
Schedule 10.1        Active Employees
Schedule 10.7        Retirees and "Grandfathered Employees"

<PAGE>

                           PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT
                               (VERMONT ELECTRIC)

         This PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") is made as of the
11th day of February, 2000, by and between CITIZENS UTILITIES COMPANY, a
Delaware corporation ("Seller"), and CAP ROCK ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, a Texas
corporation, and CAP ROCK ENERGY CORPORATION, a Texas corporation ("Cap Rock
Energy"). Cap Rock Cooperative and Cap Rock Energy are sometimes referred to in
this Agreement individually as a "Buyer Entity" and collectively as the "Buyer".
Capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in
Article I, unless otherwise provided.

                              W I T N E S S E T H :

         WHEREAS, Seller owns all of the Assets; and

         WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase, and Seller desires to sell, the
Assets, subject in all respects to the provisions of this Agreement.

         NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and other good and
valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby
acknowledged, the parties hereby agree as follows:

                                    ARTICLE I
                                   DEFINITIONS

         Section 1.1 Certain Defined Terms. For purposes of this Agreement, the
following terms have the meanings specified or referred to in this Article I
(such definitions to be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms
of the terms defined):

         "Affiliates" or "Affiliated Entities" -- entities shall be deemed
"Affiliated" as to each other to the extent (i) one of the entities directly or
indirectly controls the other, or the direct or indirect control of one of the
entities is exercised by the officers, directors, stockholders, or partners of
the other entity (whether or not such persons exercise such control in their
capacities as officers, directors, stockholders, or partners) or (ii) is deemed
to be an Affiliate under existing statutes or regulations of the SEC.

         "Assets" -- all of the assets, property and interests of every type and
description, real, personal or mixed, tangible and intangible, owned by Seller
and relating primarily to the Business, other than the Excluded Assets.

         "Assumed Environmental Liabilities" -- means any of the following:

             (a) All Environmental Liabilities of Seller relating to the
Business or the Assets and arising from or relating to the environmental matters
or incidents disclosed by Seller on Schedule 5.14 as of the date of execution of
this Agreement that remain outstanding as of the Closing Date, it being
understood by the parties that the unadjusted Purchase Price reflects Buyer's
estimate of any Losses that could arise after the Closing Date with respect to
such Environmental Liabilities;

             (b) All Environmental Liabilities of Seller relating to the
Business or the Assets and arising from or relating to environmental matters or
incidents that are disclosed to Buyer by Seller after the date of execution of
this Agreement (including any additional disclosures appearing on Schedule 5.14
as revised by Seller and delivered to Buyer prior to the Closing Date) but prior
to the Closing Date

<PAGE>

that remain outstanding as of the Closing Date, provided that any Losses
incurred by Buyer in connection with any such Environmental Liability in any
year in excess of $200,000 or in the aggregate (when combined with all other
Losses incurred by Buyer in connection with its performance or discharge of
other Disclosed Pre-Closing Liabilities) in excess of $2,000,000 shall be
Retained Environmental Liabilities and Seller shall be obligated to indemnify
Buyer pursuant to Section 13.1 (but subject to the applicable limitations on
such obligations provided in Section 13.3(f)) for such Losses incurred by Buyer
in the amount of such excess; and

             (c) Any other Environmental Liability relating to the Business, the
Assets, Buyer or any Affiliate, successor or assign of Buyer, to the extent
arising or relating to the period after the Closing, including with respect to
the removal of asbestos or asbestos-containing materials in connection with any
renovation or structural change to any Asset conducted after Closing.

         "Business" -- means collectively:

             (a) the electricity, generation, transmission and distribution
business conducted by Seller within the State of Vermont through its Vermont
Electric division; and

             (b) the provision of related services and products and the
engagement in related activities by Seller within the State of Vermont through
its Vermont Electric division.

         "Capital Budget -- means the capital budget for the Business approved
by the Board of Directors of Seller for the year 2000.

         "Claim Notice" -- means a written notice of a claim given by a party
seeking indemnification pursuant to the terms of this Agreement that specifies
in reasonable detail the nature of the Losses and the estimated amount of such
Losses.

         "Confidentiality Agreement" -- means that certain confidentiality
agreement dated October 21, 1999, between Buyer and Seller.

         "Consent" -- any approval, consent, ratification, waiver, license,
permit, registration, certificate, exemption, legal statute, order,
determination or other authorization from any Person.

         "Contract" -- any agreement, contract, document, instrument,
obligation, promise or undertaking (whether written or oral) that is legally
binding, including Easements.

         "Disclosed Pre-Closing Liabilities" means any and all liabilities and
obligations relating to or arising from Seller's ownership of the Assets or
Seller's conduct or operation of the Business on or prior to the Closing Date
that were not disclosed in any Schedule to this Agreement as of the date of
execution of this Agreement (and with respect to which Seller had no Knowledge
as of the date of execution of this Agreement) and that are disclosed to Buyer
by Seller after the date of execution of this Agreement to the extent remaining
outstanding or undischarged as of the Closing Date, including the Environmental
Liabilities described in clause (b) of the definition of Assumed Environmental
Liabilities and the Proceedings described in Section 2.2(c), but expressly
excluding any such liabilities and obligations that are Retained Liabilities
pursuant to Section 2.3(a), (b), (c) or (d) or with respect to which the
Purchase Price is reduced (but only to the extent reduced).

                                       2

<PAGE>

         "Easements"-- means all easements, rights of way, permits, licenses,
and other ways of necessity, whether or not of record.

         "Encumbrance" -- any charge, adverse claim, lien, mortgage, pledge or
security interest.

         "Environmental Law"-- any Order or Legal Requirement, and any judicial
and administrative interpretation thereof and related policies, guidelines and
standards, relating to pollution or protection of the environment and natural
resources, including those relating to (a) emissions, discharges, Releases or
threatened Releases of Hazardous Material into the environment (including
ambient air, surface water, groundwater or land), and (b) the manufacture,
processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or
handling of Hazardous Material, each as in effect as of the date of
determination.

         "Environmental Liability" -- means any liability, responsibility or
obligation arising out of or relating to:

             (a) the presence of any Hazardous Material in the fixtures,
structures, soils, groundwater, surface water or air on, under or about or
emanating from the assets and properties currently or formerly used, operated,
owned, leased, controlled, possessed, occupied or maintained by a Person, and
any such Hazardous Material emanating to adjoining or other properties;

             (b) the use, generation, production, manufacture, treatment,
storage, disposal, Release, threatened Release, discharge, spillage, loss,
seepage or filtration of Hazardous Materials by a Person or its employees,
agents or contractors from, on, under or about the assets or properties
currently or formerly used, operated, owned, leased, controlled, possessed,
occupied or maintained by such Person or the presence therein or thereunder of
any underground or above-ground tanks for the storage of fuel oil, gasoline
and/or other petroleum products or by-products or other Hazardous Material;

             (c) the violation or noncompliance or alleged violation or
noncompliance by a Person or its employees, agents or contractors of any
Environmental Law arising from or related to its or their conduct, actions or
operations or the former or current use, operation, ownership, lease,
possession, control, occupancy, maintenance or condition of any of such Person's
former or current assets or properties;

             (d) the failure by a Person or its employees, agents, or
contractors to have obtained or maintained in effect any Consent required by any
Environmental Law as a result of its or their conduct, actions or operations or
the use, operation, ownership, lease, control, possession, occupancy,
maintenance or condition of such Person's assets or properties;

             (e) any and all Proceedings arising out of any of the
above-described matters, including Proceedings by Governmental Bodies for
enforcement, cleanup, removal, treatment, response, remedial or other actions or
damages and Proceedings by any third Person seeking damages, contribution,
indemnification, cost recovery, compensation or injunctive relief; and

             (f) any and all remedial work and other corrective action
(including investigation or monitoring of site conditions, or any clean-up,
containment, restoration or removal) taken by, or the costs of which are imposed
upon, a Person arising from any of the above-described matters.

         "ERISA" - the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended, or any successor law, and regulations and rules issued pursuant to that
act or any successor law.

                                       3

<PAGE>

         "Excluded Assets" -- means the following assets of Seller, each of
which shall be excluded from the Assets, and not acquired by the Buyer, at
Closing:

             (a) assets that Seller uses in both the Business and in Seller's
other gas, electric, communications or water businesses, and which are described
generally on Schedule 1.1(a), and Contracts regarding the procurement of
services or goods by Seller for use in such in other businesses;

             (b) cash and cash equivalents in transit, in hand or in bank
accounts;

             (c) except as otherwise set forth in Article X, assets attributable
to or related to an Employee Benefit Plan of Seller;

             (d) the stock record and minute books of Seller, duplicate copies
of all books and records transferred to Buyer, all records prepared in
connection with the sale of the Business (including bids received from third
parties and analysis relating to the Business);

             (e) assets disposed of by Seller after the date of this Agreement
to the extent such dispositions are not prohibited by this Agreement;

             (f) except to the extent set forth in Section 3.4, rights to
refunds of Taxes payable for periods prior to the Closing with respect to the
Business, assets, properties or operations of Seller or any member of any
affiliated group of which either of them is a member;

             (g) accounts owing, by and among Seller and its Affiliates;

             (h) all deferred tax assets or collectibles for periods prior to
the Closing;

             (i) any insurance policy, bond, letter of credit or other similar
item, and any cash surrender value in regard thereto;

             (j) the Citizens Marks; and

             (k) the other assets listed on Schedule 1.1(a).

         "Existing Loan Documents"-- means all Contracts relating to the
indebtedness for money borrowed by Seller and used in connection with the
Business or the Assets as of the date hereof to which Seller is a party,
excluding line extension agreements or similar arrangements involving customer
advances for construction, it being understood and agreed that customer
advances, customer deposits and construction advances do not create indebtedness
for money borrowed.

         "Final Order" -- an action by a Governmental Body as to which: (a) no
request for stay of the action is pending, no such stay is in effect and if any
time period is permitted by statute or regulation for filing any request for
such stay, such time period has passed; (b) no petition for rehearing,
reconsideration or application for review of the action is pending and the time
for filing any such petition or application has passed; (c) such Governmental
Body does not have the action under reconsideration on its own motion and the
time in which such reconsideration is permitted has passed;

                                       4

<PAGE>

and (d) no appeal to a court, or a request for stay by a court of the
Governmental Body's action is pending or in effect and the deadline for filing
any such appeal or request has passed.

         "Future Regulatory Obligations" -- means all liabilities,
responsibilities and obligations relating to the Assets or the Business,
including capital expenditure obligations and liabilities of the types that
appear as "Accrued Liabilities" and "Non-Current Liabilities" on the Balance
Sheet, arising out of any Legal Requirement or other action of any state or
federal regulatory commission or local franchising authority, including with
respect to all Proceedings of any state regulatory commission relating to the
Assets or the Business commenced before or after the Closing Date, regardless of
whether the Legal Requirement or other action is or purports to be based on
conduct, actions, facts, circumstances or conditions arising, existing or
occurring at any time on or prior to the Closing Date, but other than
liabilities, responsibilities and obligations (i) relating to any Retained
Environmental Liability or (ii) arising out of Seller's violation of any Order
or Legal Requirement of such Governmental Body, as in effect and as reasonably
interpreted by common industry practice as of the date such violation occurred,
that is found by Final Order to have occurred prior to Closing and that is
reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Business or the
Assets, taken as a whole.

         "GAAP" -- generally accepted United States accounting principles,
applied on a consistent basis.

         "Generating Assets" -- all of Seller's generating facilities and dams
located in the State of Vermont, including the Newport Generating Facility Units
1, 2, 3 and 11, the Troy Generating Facility, and the West Charleston Generating
Facility (collectively, the "Generating Facilities"), together with (a) the Real
Property associated with such Generating Facilities and dams, including the
buildings and other improvements located thereon and approximately 500 acres of
unimproved Real Property located around the Generating Facilities; (b) the
diesel generator sets of Seller located at the Newport Generating Facility Units
1, 2 and 3; (c) all other tangible personal property located on or relating to
the Generating Facilities; and (d) Easements and Consents (to the extent
transferrable) relating to such Generating Facilities.

         "Governmental Body" -- any of the following that possesses competent
jurisdiction:

             (a) federal, state, county, local, municipal or other governmental
body;

             (b) governmental or quasi-governmental authority of any nature
(including any governmental agency, branch, department, official or entity and
any court or other tribunal); or

             (c) any governmental body entitled to exercise any administrative,
executive, judicial, legislative, police, regulatory or taxing authority or
power of any nature.

         "Hazardous Materials" -- any waste or other chemical, material or
substance that is listed, defined, designated, or classified as, or otherwise
determined to be, hazardous, radioactive, toxic, or a pollutant or a
contaminant, or words of similar import, under or pursuant to any Environmental
Law, including any admixture or solution thereof, and specifically including
oil, natural gas, petroleum and all derivatives thereof or synthetic substitutes
therefor, asbestos or asbestos-containing materials, any flammable substances or
explosives, any radioactive materials, any toxic wastes of substances, urea
formaldehyde foam insulation, toluene or polychlorinated biphenyls.

                                       5

<PAGE>

         "HSR Act" -- the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976,
as amended, or any successor law, and regulations and rules issued by the U.S.
Department of Justice or the Federal Trade Commission pursuant to that act or
any successor law.

         "Hydro-Quebec Contracts" -- means (a) the Firm Power and Energy
Contract between Hydro-Quebec and Vermont Joint Owners, dated as of December 4,
1987, as amended (as amended, the "H-Q/VJO Contract"), and (b) the Hydro-Quebec
Participation Agreement among the electric utilities named therein, dated as of
April 1, 1988, as amended and restated pursuant to Amendment No. 5 to
Hydro-Quebec Participation Agreement made as of October 21, 1993 (as amended and
restated, the "H-Q Participation Agreement").

         "IRC" - the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

         "IRS" -- the Internal Revenue Service or any successor agency.

         "Knowledge" -- means, with respect to Seller, the actual knowledge of
Seller's Chief Financial Officer; President, Citizens Public Services; Vice
President of Arizona Energy Operations; and Vice President and General Manager,
Vermont Electric Division, or their respective successor.

         "Legal Requirement" -- any federal, state, county, local, municipal,
foreign, international, multinational, or other administrative Order,
constitution, law, ordinance, adopted code, principle of common law, regulation,
rule, directive, approval, notice, tariff, franchise agreement, statute or
treaty.

         "Losses" -- shall mean all claims, losses, liabilities, causes of
action, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, involving theories of
negligence or strict liability and including court costs and reasonable
attorneys' fees and disbursements in connection therewith).

         "Material Adverse Effect" -- an occurrence or condition that has a
material adverse effect on the operation, financial condition or results of
operations of the Business when combined with the businesses and assets being
acquired by Buyer or Affiliates of Buyer pursuant to the Related Purchase
Agreements, taken as a whole. For purposes of this Agreement, an occurrence or
condition shall not constitute a Material Adverse Effect (a) if it arises from
general business, economic or financial market conditions, from conditions
generally affecting the industries in which the Business competes, or from the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (b) if it is of the type normally
recoverable by the Business through rates, or (c) to the extent that the
Business may realize the benefit of insurance maintained by Seller or to the
extent that Seller or Buyer may receive or recover payments in respect of such
occurrence from any other source (whether in a lump sum or stream of payments).
In addition, for purposes of this Agreement any increase in Seller's pro-rata
obligations under the Hydro-Quebec Contracts, or any occurrence or condition
that could result in such an increase, shall not constitute a Material Adverse
Effect.

         "Material Contract" -- a Contract relating primarily to the Business
and involving a total commitment by or to any party thereto of at least $100,000
on an annual basis and which cannot be terminated by Seller with notice of
ninety (90) days or less without penalty to Seller.

         "Order" -- any award, decision, injunction, judgment, order, writ,
decree, ruling, subpoena, or verdict entered, issued, made, or rendered by any
court, administrative agency, other Governmental Body, or by any arbitrator,
each of which possesses competent jurisdiction.

                                       6

<PAGE>

         "Organizational Documents" -- the articles or certificate of
incorporation and the bylaws of a corporation or the comparable organizational
and governing documents of other Persons.

         "Permitted Encumbrances" -- means any of the following:

             (a) mechanics', carriers', workers' and other similar liens arising
in the ordinary course of business and which in the aggregate are not
substantial in amount and do not interfere with the present use of the Assets to
which they apply;

             (b) liens for current Taxes and assessments not yet due and
payable;

             (c) usual and customary nonmonetary real property Encumbrances,
covenants, imperfections in title, Easements, restrictions and other title
matters (whether or not the same are recorded) that do not and will not
materially interfere with the operation of that portion of the Business
currently conducted on such real property;

             (d) Encumbrances securing the payment or performance of any of the
Assumed Liabilities;

             (e) all applicable zoning ordinances and land use restrictions;

             (f) with respect to any Asset which consists of a leasehold or
other possessory interests in real property, all usual and customary nonmonetary
real property Encumbrances, covenants, imperfections in title, Easements,
restrictions and other title matters (whether or not the same are recorded) to
which the underlying fee estate in such real property is subject that do not
currently and will not interfere materially with the operation of that portion
of the Business currently conducted on such property; and

             (g) any other Encumbrances, Contracts, obligations, defects or
irregularities of any kind whatsoever, affecting the Assets that, individually
or in the aggregate, do not have a Material Adverse Effect or that will be
terminated, released or waived on or before the Closing Date.

         "Person" -- any individual, corporation (including any nonprofit
corporation), general or limited partnership, limited liability company, joint
venture, estate, trust, association, organization or Governmental Body.

         "Proceeding" -- any claim, action, arbitration, hearing, litigation or
suit commenced, brought, conducted, or heard by or before, or otherwise
involving, any Governmental Body or arbitrator.

         "PUHCA" - the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, as amended,
or any successor law, and regulations and rules issued by the SEC pursuant to
that act or any successor law.

         "Real Property" -- all real property owned, leased or under Contract by
Seller in the operation of the Business, together with all interests in real
property (including Easements) used or held for use by Seller in the operation
of the Business.

         "Related Documents" -- any Contract provided for in this Agreement to
be entered into by one or more of the parties hereto in connection with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

                                       7

<PAGE>

         "Related Purchase Agreements" -- means those certain purchase
agreements between Seller and Buyer or Affiliates of Buyer described on Schedule
1.1(b).

         "Release" -- any presence, emission, dispersal, disposal, spilling,
leaking, emitting, discharging, depositing, pumping, pouring, escaping,
leaching, dumping, releasing or migration into the indoor or outdoor environment
(including the abandonment or disposal of any barrels, containers or other
closed receptacles containing any Hazardous Materials), or in, into or from any
facility, including the movement of any Hazardous Materials through the air,
soil, surface water, groundwater or property.

         "Representative" -- with respect to a particular Person, any director,
officer, employee, agent, consultant, advisor, or other representative of such
Person, including legal counsel, accountants, and financial advisors.

         "Retained Environmental Liabilities" -- means all Environmental
Liabilities of Seller that are described in this Agreement as Retained
Environmental Liabilities or that are otherwise not being assumed by Buyer under
this Agreement as Assumed Environmental Liabilities.

         "SEC" -- the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any
successor agency.

         "Tax" -- any tax (including any income tax, capital gains tax,
value-added tax, sales and use tax, franchise tax, payroll tax, withholding tax,
property tax or transfer tax), levy, assessment, tariff, duty (including any
customs duty), deficiency, franchise fee or payment, payroll tax, utility tax,
gross receipts tax or other fee or payment relating to the foregoing, and any
related charge or amount (including any fine, penalty, interest or addition to
tax), imposed, assessed or collected by or under the authority of any
Governmental Body or for which Seller has any liability as a transferee,
pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6, or pursuant to any other Legal
Requirement.

         "Tax Return" -- any return (including any information return), report,
statement, schedule, notice, form, or other document or information filed with
or submitted to, or required to be filed with or submitted to any Governmental
Body in connection with the determination, assessment, collection or payment of
any Tax, or in connection with the administration, implementation, or
enforcement of or compliance with any Legal Requirement relating to any Tax.

         "Threatened" -- a claim, dispute, or other matter will be deemed to
have been "Threatened" if any demand or statement has been made in writing or
orally or any notice has been given in writing or orally, and Seller has
Knowledge of the same.

                                       8
<PAGE>

         Section 1.2 Other Defined Terms. In addition to the terms defined in
Section 1.1, certain other terms are defined elsewhere in this Agreement as
indicated below and, whenever such terms are used in this Agreement, they shall
have their respective defined meanings.

Term                                              Section
----                                              -------

Active Employees                                  10.1
Antitrust Authorities                             6.3
Assumed Liabilities                               2.2
Balance Sheet                                     5.6(a)
Bill of Sale                                      8.1
Buyer Indemnitees                                 13.1
Buyer's Pension Plan                              10.5
Buyer Welfare Plans                               10.7(a)
CERCLA                                            5.14(e)
Citizens Marks                                    6.4
Closing                                           8.1
Closing Date                                      8.1
Deposit                                           3.2
Employee Plans                                    5.13
Environmental Data                                12.1(c)
Estimated Purchase Price                          3.3(a)
Financial Statements                              5.6
Purchase Price                                    3.1
Retained Liabilities                              2.3
Seller Indemnitees                                13.2
Seller's Pension Plan                             10.5
Seller's 401(k) Plan                              10.6
Seller Welfare Plan                               10.7
Transaction Taxes                                 11.3
Transferred Employee                              10.1

                                   ARTICLE II
                                PURCHASE AND SALE

         Section 2.1 Purchase and Sale of Assets. Upon the terms and subject to
the conditions contained herein, at the Closing, Seller shall sell, transfer,
assign, convey and deliver to Buyer, and Buyer shall purchase and accept
delivery from Seller, all of the Assets.

         Section 2.2 Assumed Liabilities. In further consideration for the sale
of the Assets at the Closing, Buyer will assume and agree to pay, perform and
discharge when due, all liabilities and obligations, of every kind or nature,
arising out of or relating to:

             (a) Buyer's ownership or use of the Assets and the conduct or
operation of the Business by Buyer, in each case after the Closing Date,
including all liabilities, responsibilities and obligations relating to or
arising from the following:

                                       9

<PAGE>

                  (i) Transferred Employees (except to the extent otherwise
provided in Article X), including any termination of any Transferred Employee
for any reason (including constructive dismissal) and Buyer's hiring practices
or decisions;

                  (ii) Performance of the Contracts included among the Assets
(except that Buyer shall not assume any liabilities or obligations for any
breach or default by, or payment obligations of, Seller under any such Contract
occurring or arising or accruing on or prior to the Closing Date);

                  (iii) Customer advances, customer deposits and construction
advances, unperformed service obligations, Easement relocation obligations, and
engineering and construction required to complete scheduled construction,
construction work in progress, and other capital expenditure projects, in each
case relating to the Business and outstanding on or arising after the Closing
Date;

                  (iv) Future Regulatory Obligations;

                  (v) Assumed Environmental Liabilities;

                  (vi) One-half of the Transaction Taxes arising out of the sale
of the Assets to Buyer hereunder;

                  (vii) Proceedings based on conduct, actions, facts,
circumstances or conditions arising or occurring after the Closing Date,
Proceedings in respect of Future Regulatory Obligations regardless of when
filed, and Proceedings arising from or related to any other Assumed Liability;
and

                  (viii) Items addressed in Section 3.1(d) to the extent
resulting in a decrease in the Purchase Price;

             (b) the Proceedings described as Assumed Liabilities in Schedule
2.2(b) and Proceedings affecting other Persons engaged in a business similar to
the Business such as generic or industry-wide Proceedings; and

             (c) all Proceedings involving Seller, the Assets or the Business
based on conduct, actions, facts, circumstances or conditions arising or
occurring on or before the Closing Date that are pending or Threatened as of the
Closing Date and that are disclosed to Buyer by Seller after the date of
execution of this Agreement but prior to the Closing Date (except any such
Proceedings described as Retained Liabilities in Schedule 2.2(b) and any such
Proceedings relating to the Retained Liabilities described in Sections 2.3(a),
(b), (c), (d), and (f)), provided that any Losses incurred by Buyer in
connection with any such individual Proceeding in excess of $200,000 or in
connection with all such Proceedings in excess of $2,000,000 in the aggregate
(when combined with all other Losses incurred by Buyer in connection with its
performance or discharge of other Disclosed Pre-Closing Liabilities) shall be
Retained Liabilities and Seller shall be obligated to indemnify Buyer pursuant
to Section 13.1 (but subject to the applicable limitations on such obligations
provided in Section 13.3(f)) for such Losses incurred by Buyer in the amount of
such excess;

The liabilities, responsibilities and obligations to be assumed by Buyer
pursuant to this Section 2.2 are hereinafter collectively referred to as the
"Assumed Liabilities." Buyer hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives and
releases Seller from all Assumed Liabilities and all liabilities or obligations

                                       10

<PAGE>

relating to the Business or the Assets to the extent arising from events or
occurrences after the Closing or to the extent otherwise relating to the period
after the Closing, including any liabilities created or which arise by statute
or common law, including CERCLA (it being understood that this shall not
constitute a waiver and release of any claims arising out of the contractual
relationships and indemnification arrangements between Buyer and Seller).
Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2.2 to the contrary, "Assumed
Liabilities" shall not include any liabilities, responsibilities or obligations
expressly stated to be Retained Liabilities pursuant to Section 2.3.

         Section 2.3 Retained Liabilities. Buyer shall not assume and at the
Closing Seller shall retain and pay, perform and discharge when due, all of the
liabilities and obligations relating to or arising from Seller's ownership of
the Assets and Seller's conduct or operation of the Business on and prior to the
Closing Date, except to the extent any such liability or obligation is included
among the Assumed Liabilities, including liabilities and obligations relating to
or arising from the following (collectively referred to herein as the "Retained
Liabilities"):

             (a) all indebtedness for money borrowed by Seller (including items
due to Seller's Affiliates) other than payment obligations arising after the
Closing Date under any equipment lease listed in Part VII of Schedule 5.12 or
under any line extension Contracts or similar construction arrangements, it
being understood and agreed that such leases, Contracts and similar arrangements
do not create indebtedness for money borrowed;

             (b) Taxes of Seller or the Business with respect to ownership or
use of the Assets and Seller's conduct and operation of the Business on and
prior to the Closing Date;

             (c) Excluded Assets;

             (d) Non-Transferred Employees, the Seller's Employee Benefit Plans
and Employee Plans (except to the extent otherwise provided in Article X) and
any breach or default by, or payment obligations of, Seller with respect to any
Transferred Employee occurring or arising or accruing on or prior to the Closing
Date (except to the extent any such payment obligation becomes the
responsibility and obligation of Buyer in accordance with Article X);

             (e) Proceedings involving Seller, the Assets or the Business based
on conduct (including Seller's performance under any Contract included among the
Assets), action, facts, circumstances or conditions arising or occurring on or
before the Closing Date, including Proceedings described as Retained Liabilities
on Schedule 2.2(b) but expressly excluding any such liabilities or obligations
relating to any Proceeding described as Assumed Liabilities on Schedule 2.2(b)
and any Proceeding relating to (x) Assumed Liabilities (subject to the proviso
set forth in Section 2.2(c) with respect to the Proceedings described in Section
2.2(c)), (y) Future Regulatory Obligations and (z) Proceedings affecting other
Persons engaged in a business similar to the Business such as generic or
industry-wide Proceedings;

             (f) Retained Environmental Liabilities; and

             (g) One-half of the Transaction Taxes arising out of the sale of
the Assets, to Buyer hereunder.

Seller hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives and releases Buyer from all
Retained Liabilities including any liabilities created or which arise by statute
or common law, including CERCLA (it being

                                       11

<PAGE>

understood that this shall not constitute a waiver and release of any claims
arising out of the contractual relationships and indemnification arrangements
between Buyer and Seller).

         Section 2.4 Condition on Assignment or Assumption of Contracts and
Rights. Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, this
Agreement shall not constitute an agreement to assign or assume any Contract or
any claim or right or any benefit arising thereunder or resulting therefrom if
an attempted assignment or assumption thereof, without the Consent of a third
party thereto, would constitute a breach thereof. Any transfer or assignment to
Buyer by Seller of any property or property rights or any Contract which
requires the Consent of any third party shall be made subject to such Consent
being obtained. If such Consent is not obtained, or if an attempted assignment
thereof would be ineffective or would affect the rights of Seller thereunder so
that Buyer would not in fact receive all such rights, Seller will, at its
expense, cooperate with Buyer in any arrangement reasonably designed to provide
for Buyer, at Buyer's cost, the benefits under any such Contract including,
without limitation, enforcement for the benefit of Buyer of any and all rights
of Seller against a third party thereto arising out of the breach or
cancellation by such third party or otherwise To the extent that Buyer does
receive the benefits of any such Contract pursuant to the preceding sentence,
such Contract shall be a Contract deemed to have been assigned or transferred to
Buyer pursuant to Section 2.2(a)(ii).

                                   ARTICLE III
                                 PURCHASE PRICE

         Section 3.1       Purchase Price.

         Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the aggregate
purchase price for the Assets (the "Purchase Price") shall be an amount equal to
$38,000,000 in cash, as adjusted in accordance with the following provisions and
with such adjustments determined pursuant to Section 3.3:

             (a) Such amount will be increased by the aggregate amount of all
accounts receivable, earned but unbilled revenue, and materials and supplies
inventory of the Business, in each case outstanding as of the Closing Date and
other than any such items that are due from Seller's Affiliates.

             (b) Such amount will be decreased by the aggregate amount of all
accounts payable, customer deposits and unexpended cash from customer advances
for construction, in each case to the extent relating to the Business and
outstanding as of the Closing Date and other than any such items that are due to
Seller's Affiliates.

             (c) Such amount will be increased by the aggregate amount of all
(i) capital expenditures relating to the Business that are accrued by Seller
between the date of the Balance Sheet and the Closing Date (including
expenditures recorded in the Construction Work in Progress account of the
Business as of the Closing Date and relating to such period), (ii) without
duplication, expenditures to purchase materials, supplies and other capital
items that are dedicated to, but as of Closing have not been used in, the
construction or improvement of the property, plant or equipment relating to the
Business and (iii) without duplication, other expenditures recorded as an asset
of the Business as of the Closing Date and relating to such period to the extent
such expenditures are normally recoverable through rates, including expenditures
recorded in the Preliminary Survey and Investigation account of the Business, in
each case to the extent such expenditures are not prohibited by this Agreement.

                                       12

<PAGE>

             (d) Such amount will be decreased or increased, as appropriate, by
an aggregate amount equal to the total amount payable to or by Buyer pursuant to
Section 3.4.

             (e) Such amount will be decreased by $3,000,000 if Seller sells the
Generating Assets on or prior to the Closing Date.

         Section 3.2 Deposit. Concurrently with its execution of this Agreement,
Buyer has deposited with Seller $380,000 in cash. By 5:00 p.m. East Coast Time
on Wednesday, March 15, 2000, Buyer shall deliver to Seller an irrevocable
letter of credit from a reputable financial institution with an expiration date
of at least 21 months after the date of execution of this Agreement (the "Letter
of Credit"), as and for an earnest money deposit, in the amount of $1,900,000
(the "Deposit") and appropriately conditioned in accordance with the terms of
Section 9.2(c). If Seller receives the Letter of Credit by such deadline, then
Seller promptly shall refund to Buyer the $380,000 in cash previously provided
by Buyer. If Buyer shall fail to deliver the Letter of Credit by such deadline,
then (i) Buyer shall continue using its best efforts to arrange for the Letter
of Credit to be delivered to Seller and (ii) Seller may retain, as liquidated
damages, the $380,000 in cash previously delivered to Seller, free of any claims
by Buyer or any other Person with respect thereto. The parties hereby
acknowledge that the extent of damages to Seller occasioned by Buyer's failure
to deliver the Letter of Credit to Seller by March 15, 2000, would be impossible
or extremely difficult to ascertain and that $380,000 is a fair and reasonable
estimate of such damages under the circumstances.

         Section 3.3       Calculation of Purchase Price.

             (a) Any of the items included in clauses (a) through (e) of Section
3.1 that cannot be calculated in a timely fashion as of the Closing Date shall
be estimated by Seller in good faith based upon the account balance of such item
at the end of the month for which Seller's books are closed next preceding the
Closing Date, with such adjustments as may be appropriate to reflect changes in
such account balance occurring between such month-end and the Closing Date. Any
such estimated amounts shall be set forth in a certificate of Seller delivered
to Buyer at least five (5) business days prior to the Closing Date, which
certificate shall set forth an estimate of the Purchase Price (the "Estimated
Purchase Price"), including such estimated amounts and shall be accompanied by
reasonably detailed supporting documentation.

             (b) Within one hundred twenty (120) days after the Closing Date,
Seller shall notify Buyer of the actual amount as recorded on Seller's books and
records for the Business of any

                                       13
<PAGE>

items that were estimated in arriving at the Estimated Purchase Price, as well
as the prorations and adjustments required to be made under Section 3.4 below.
Buyer may dispute any amount so determined by Seller, by written notice to
Seller within fifteen (15) days after receipt of Seller's notice. If Buyer does
not so dispute any item, the party owing the difference between the Estimated
Purchase Price and the Purchase Price shall pay such difference to the other
party within ten (10) days after the expiration of such fifteen (15) day period,
plus interest at 8.25% per annum on such amount from the Closing Date to (but
not including) the date of payment. If Buyer disputes the actual amount of any
item, the undisputed amount plus interest at 8.25% per annum on such amount from
the Closing Date to (but not including) the date of payment shall be paid
promptly by the owing party. If such dispute cannot be resolved within sixty
(60) days after the giving of Buyer's notice that there exists a disputed
amount, then an independent auditor mutually agreeable to Buyer and Seller
shall, upon written notice from either Buyer or Seller, resolve such dispute
within sixty (60) days after receipt of such notice. The fees and expenses of
such independent auditor shall be allocated between Buyer and Seller so that
Seller's share of such fees and expenses shall be in the same proportion that
the aggregate amount of such remaining disputed amounts so submitted by Buyer to
such auditor that is unsuccessfully disputed by Buyer (as finally determined by
such auditor) bears to the total amount of such remaining disputed amounts so
submitted by Buyer to such auditor. Any determination by such independent
auditor shall be binding and conclusive upon the parties without further appeal
therefrom. Within ten (10) days after the independent auditor shall have
resolved such dispute, the party owing the determined amount shall pay such
determined amount to the other party, plus interest at 8.25% per annum on such
determined amount from the Closing Date to (but not including) the date of
payment.

         Section 3.4  Prorations and Adjustments as of the Closing Date.

             (a) Buyer and Seller agree that the following items relating to the
Assets and the Business shall be adjusted and allocated as of the Closing Date,
with Seller to be responsible for and to receive the benefit of the same for the
period through and including the Closing Date and Buyer to be responsible for
and to receive the benefit of the same after the Closing Date;

                  (i) real and personal property taxes, assessments and annual
registration fees;

                  (ii) water, sewer and other similar types of taxes, and
installments on special benefit assessments and regulatory assessments;

                  (iii) electric, gas, telephone and other utility charges;

                  (iv) payroll expenses, payroll taxes, reimbursable employee
business expenses and the financial cost of the accrued vacation time of the
Transferred Employees, in each case as recorded on Seller's books for the
Business as of the Closing Date;

                  (v) rents under leases transferred to or assumed by Buyer;

                  (vi) charges under maintenance, service and other Contracts
and fees under licenses transferred to or assumed by Buyer and not included in
the items described in Section 3.1(a);

                  (vii) deposits of Seller to the extent transferable to Buyer;

                  (viii) prepaid and accrued expenses;

                                       14

<PAGE>

                  (ix) sales, franchise, gross receipts and other similar Taxes
based upon revenues; and

                  (x) petty cash.

             (b) The items listed in Section 3.4(a) above shall be estimated
item by item by Seller and reflected on the certificate and supporting
documentation to be delivered to Buyer pursuant to Section 3.3(a) and finally
determined in accordance with Section 3.3(b).

                                   ARTICLE IV
                     REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BUYER

         Section 4.1 Organization, Existence and Qualification. Each Buyer
Entity is a corporation duly incorporated, validly existing, and in good
standing under the laws of the State of Texas, with full corporate power and
authority to conduct its business as it is now being conducted, to own or use
the properties and assets that it purports to own or use, to perform its
obligations under all Contracts to which it is a party, and to execute and
deliver this Agreement and the Related Documents to which it is a party. Buyer
Entity is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation and is in good
standing under the laws of each state in which the failure to be so qualified or
in good standing would materially adversely affect the business or properties of
Buyer. By Closing, Cap Rock Energy will be, duly qualified and in good standing
as a foreign corporation licensed to do business in the State of Vermont.

         Section 4.2 Authority Relative to this Agreement and Binding Effect.
The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Related
Documents by Buyer have been duly authorized by Buyer's Board of Directors,
which constitutes all necessary corporate action required on the part of Buyer
for such authorizations. The execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement and the Related Documents by Buyer will not result in (a) any conflict
with or breach or violation of or default under the Organizational Documents of
Buyer, or (b) a violation or breach of any term or provision of, or constitute a
default or accelerate the performance required under, any indenture, mortgage,
deed of trust, security agreement, loan agreement, or Contract to which Buyer is
a party or by which its assets are bound, or (c) a violation of any Order of any
Governmental Body. This Agreement constitutes, and the Related Documents to be
executed by Buyer when executed and delivered will constitute, valid and binding
obligations of Buyer, enforceable against Buyer in accordance with their
respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by (i) bankruptcy
or similar laws from time to time in effect affecting the enforcement of
creditors' rights generally or (ii) the availability of equitable remedies
generally.

         Section 4.3 Governmental Approvals. Except for those Consents described
in Schedule 5.3 to the extent applicable to Buyer, no Consent of any
Governmental Body is required to be obtained by Buyer in connection with the
execution and delivery by Buyer of this Agreement or the Related Documents or
the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the
Related Documents. Buyer has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances relating
to Buyer or its Affiliates that reasonably would be likely to preclude or
prolong the receipt of such required Consents.

                                       15
<PAGE>

         Section 4.4 Availability of Funds. Buyer will have available on the
Closing Date sufficient funds to enable it to consummate the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, and Buyer or the Affiliates of Buyer that are
buyers of the assets and businesses being acquired pursuant to the Related
Purchase Agreements will have available at the Closing Date sufficient funds to
enable them to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Related Purchase
Agreements. Buyer understands and agrees that its failure to arrange for such
funding by May 15, 2000 (which date shall be extended by Seller for up to three
consecutive thirty-day periods if Buyer can reasonably demonstrate to Seller at
the end of such period that Buyer is making reasonable progress towards
arranging such funding), or to have such funds available by the Closing, will
permit Seller in either case to terminate this Agreement under Section 9.1 and
to exercise its rights under Section 9.2(c).

         Section 4.5 Filings. No statement furnished by Buyer for inclusion in
any filing with any Governmental Body in connection with obtaining such
Governmental Body's Consent for the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement will contain, as of the date such information is
so provided, any untrue statement of a material fact or will omit to state, as
of the date such information is so provided, any material fact which is
necessary to make the statements contained therein, in light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

         Section 4.6 Brokers. No broker or finder has acted for or on behalf of
Buyer or any Affiliate of Buyer in connection with this Agreement or the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement. No broker or finder is entitled to
any brokerage or finder's fee, or to any commission, based in any way on
agreements, arrangements or understandings made by or on behalf of Buyer or any
Affiliate of Buyer for which Seller or any Affiliate of Seller has or will have
any liability or obligations (contingent or otherwise).

         Section 4.7 Independent Investigation. Buyer is knowledgeable about the
businesses engaged in by Seller through its Vermont Electric division and of the
usual and customary practices of companies engaged in businesses similar to such
businesses and has had access to the Assets, the officers and employees of
Seller, and the books, records and files of Seller relating to the Business and
the Assets. In making the decision to enter into this Agreement and to
consummate the transactions contemplated hereby, Buyer has relied solely on the
basis of its own independent due diligence investigation of the Business and
upon the representations and warranties made in this Agreement and in any other
document or instrument delivered by Seller pursuant hereto. Accordingly, Buyer
acknowledges that Seller has not made, and Seller is expressly disclaiming and
negating any representation or warranty (other than those express
representations and warranties made in Article V), express, implied, at common
law, by statute or otherwise, relating to the Business.

         Section 4.8 Public Utility Holding Company Status; Regulation as a
Public Utility. Buyer is a "public utility company" (as such term is defined in
PUHCA). Neither Buyer nor any of its Affiliates is a "holding company", a
"subsidiary" of a "public utility company," or an "affiliate" of a "public
utility company" or of a "holding company," within the meaning of such terms in
PUHCA.

                                       16
<PAGE>

         Section 4.9 Buyer's Financial Statements. The consolidated financial
statements of Buyer for its most recently ended fiscal year heretofore delivered
to Seller were prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis,
except for changes concurred in by Buyer's accountants and disclosed in said
financial statements, throughout the periods specified, and present fairly in
all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of the
businesses of Buyer as of the dates thereof and for the periods then ended
(subject, in the case of unaudited financial statements, to normal year-end
adjustments).

         Section 4.10 Buyer's Insurance. Within five (5) business days after the
date of execution of this Agreement, Buyer will deliver to Seller a schedule
that lists the Buyer's policies and contracts in effect as of the date hereof
for casualty and property insurance covering its assets and properties and the
operation of its business, together with the risks insured against, coverage
limits and deductible amounts.

                                    ARTICLE V
                    REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF SELLER

         Section 5.1 Organization, Existence and Qualification. Seller is a
corporation duly incorporated, validly existing, and in good standing under the
laws of the State of Delaware, with full corporate power and authority to
conduct the Business as it is now being conducted, to own or use the Assets, to
perform its obligations under all Contracts to which it is a party, and to
execute and deliver this Agreement and the Related Documents to which Seller is
a party. Seller is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation and is
in good standing under the laws of the State of Vermont and each other state in
which the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would have a Material
Adverse Effect.

         Section 5.2 Authority Relative to this Agreement and Binding Effect.
The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Related
Documents by Seller have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action.
Except as set forth in Schedule 5.2, the execution, delivery and performance of
this Agreement and the Related Documents by Seller will not result in (a) any
conflict with or breach or violation of or default under the Organizational
Documents of Seller, (b) to Seller's Knowledge, a violation or breach of any
term or provision of, or constitute a default or accelerate the performance
required under, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, security agreement, loan
agreement, or Material Contract to which Seller is a party or by which any of
the Assets are bound, or (c) a violation of any Order of any Governmental Body,
except for such exceptions to the foregoing clauses (b) and (c) that, will be
cured, waived or otherwise remedied on or prior to the Closing Date. This
Agreement constitutes and the Related Documents to be executed by Seller when
executed and delivered will constitute valid and binding obligations of Seller,
enforceable against Seller in accordance with their terms, except as
enforceability may be limited by (i) bankruptcy or similar laws from time to
time in effect affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally or (ii)
the availability of equitable remedies generally. No Person has any agreement,
option, warrant, subscription, understanding, or commitment, or any right or
privilege capable of becoming an agreement, option or commitment for the
purchase of the Assets of any other interest in the Business.

         Section 5.3 Governmental and Other Required Consents. Except as set
forth in Schedule 5.3, no Consent of any Governmental Body or third Person is
required to be obtained by Seller in connection with the execution and delivery
by Seller of this Agreement or the Related Documents or the consummation by
Seller of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Related
Documents, other than (i) any Consent the failure of which to obtain would not
be material to the

                                       17
<PAGE>

operation or conduct of the Business after Closing and (ii) any Consent that is
obtained or made on or prior to the Closing Date. Seller has no Knowledge of any
facts or circumstances relating to Seller or its Affiliates, other than those
relating to the auction process in which Buyer was selected, and other bidders
were not selected, to acquire the Business or relating to the matters disclosed
in any Schedule referred to in this Agreement, that would be reasonably likely
to preclude or prolong the receipt of such required Consents.

         Section 5.4 Public Utility Holding Company Status; Regulation as a
Public Utility. Seller is a "public utility company" (as such term is defined in
PUHCA). Seller is not a "holding company", a "subsidiary" of a "public utility
company," or an "affiliate" of a "public utility company" or of a "holding
company," within the meaning of such terms in PUHCA.

         Section 5.5 Title to Assets; Liens.

         Seller has good and indefeasible title to the Assets, including the
Assets reflected in the Financial Statements, except those disposed of since the
date of the Financial Statements in the ordinary course of business or otherwise
disposed of in accordance with this Agreement. None of the Assets are subject to
any Encumbrance except (i) Encumbrances described in Schedule 5.5 and (ii)
Permitted Encumbrances. Schedule 5.5 lists each parcel of Real Property owned in
fee simple that is a part of the Assets. To Seller's Knowledge, except as set
forth in Schedule 5.5, Seller owns or possesses all Easements necessary to
conduct the Business as now being conducted without any known conflict with the
rights of others. Except as set forth in Schedule 5.5, (a) Seller enjoys
peaceful and undisturbed possession under all real property leases included in
the Assets, and to the Knowledge of Seller, all such leases are valid and in
full force and effect; (b) all rents due to date from Seller on each such lease
have been paid; (c) Seller has not received notice that it is in default under
any such lease; and (d) to the Knowledge of Seller, there exists no event,
occurrence, condition or act (including the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement) which, with the giving of notice, the lapse of
time or the happening of any further event or condition, would become a default
by Seller under such lease. Except as set forth in Schedule 5.5, all buildings,
structures and equipment that are a part of the Assets lie wholly within the
boundaries of the Real Property and do not encroach upon the property of, or
otherwise conflict with the property rights of, any other Person. Seller has
adequate rights of ingress and egress for operation of the Business in the
ordinary course consistent with past practices. None of the buildings,
structures or equipment that are a part of the Assets, nor the operation and
maintenance thereof, violates any restrictive covenant.

         Section 5.6 Financial Statements.

             (a) Schedule 5.6(a) sets forth the unaudited balance sheet for the
Business as at September 30, 1999 (the "Balance Sheet") and unaudited statement
of income of the Business for the nine-month period ended September 30, 1999
(collectively, the "Financial Statements"). Except as set forth in Schedule
5.6(a), the Financial Statements have been prepared on a pre-tax basis in
accordance, in all material respects, with GAAP applied on a basis consistent
with prior periods. Except as set forth in Schedule 5.6(a), the Balance Sheet
presents fairly in all material respects the financial condition of the Business
as of its date and the income statement included in the Financial Statements
presents fairly in all material respects the results of operations of the
Business for the periods covered thereby. The books and records of Seller from
which the Financial Statements were prepared were complete and accurate in all
material respects at the time of such preparation.

                                       18
<PAGE>

             (b) Except as disclosed in Schedule 5.6(b), Seller has no
liabilities with respect to the Business or the Assets which would constitute
Assumed Liabilities, either direct or indirect, matured or unmatured or
absolute, contingent or otherwise, except:

                  (1) those liabilities set forth in the Financial Statements or
referred to in the notes to the Financial Statements and not heretofore paid or
discharged;

                  (2) those liabilities relating to or arising from matters
disclosed in any other Schedule hereto;

                  (3) liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practices under any Contract or Legal Requirements;

                  (4) those liabilities incurred, consistent with past
practices, in or as a result of the ordinary course of business since the
Balance Sheet Date which do not and could not be reasonably expected to, in the
aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect;

                  (5) those liabilities and obligations that are the subject of
Article X; and

                  (6) those liabilities, which, if outstanding as of the Closing
Date, would result in a decrease to the Purchase Price in accordance with
Section 3.1(b) or (d).

         Section 5.7 Compliance with Legal Requirements; Governmental Permits.
Except as set forth in Schedule 5.7: (a) Seller is in substantial compliance
with each Legal Requirement or Order that is applicable to it, to the conduct or
operation of the Business, or to the ownership or use of any of the Assets; (b)
Seller possesses all Consents from Governmental Bodies required by any
applicable Legal Requirement or Order necessary to permit the operation of the
Business in the manner in which it is currently being conducted by Seller; (c)
all such Consents are in full force and effect; and (d) Seller has not received
notice from any Governmental Body of its intent to revoke or terminate of such
Consent.

         Section 5.8 Legal Proceedings; Outstanding Orders. Except as set forth
in Schedule 5.8, there is no pending or Threatened Proceeding (a) that has been
commenced against Seller or the Business other than Proceedings affecting other
Persons engaged in a business similar to the Business such as generic or
industry-wide Proceedings, or (b) as of the date of this Agreement, that
challenges, or that may have the effect of preventing, delaying, making illegal,
restricting or otherwise interfering with, the transactions contemplated hereby.
Schedule 5.8 lists each outstanding Order against Seller which relates to or
arises out of the conduct of the Business or the ownership, condition or
operation of the Business or the Assets which would be considered material to a
reasonably prudent purchaser of the Business in its reasonable business
judgment, other than any Orders relating to rates, tariffs and similar matters
arising in the ordinary course of business and other than any Order applicable
to other Persons engaged in a business similar to the Business such as generic
or industry-wide Orders.

                                       19
<PAGE>

         Section 5.9 Taxes. All Tax Returns required to be filed by or on behalf
of Seller or requests for extensions to file such Tax Returns have been timely
filed, and Seller has paid and discharged or made adequate provision for all
Taxes that are required to be paid or remitted by or on behalf of Seller. There
are no pending audits or other examinations relating to any Tax matters relating
to the Business or the Assets except as set forth in Schedule 5.9. There are no
Tax Encumbrances on the Assets, except for liens for Taxes not yet due and
payable or for Taxes that Seller is contesting in good faith through appropriate
proceedings. As of the date of this Agreement, Seller has not granted any waiver
of any statute of limitations with respect to, or any extension of a period for
the assessment of, any Tax relating to the Business or the Assets except as set
forth in Schedule 5.9. Except as set forth in Schedule 5.9, none of the Assets
include stock of a corporation or interests in a partnership or limited
liability company. Seller is not a party to any safe harbor lease within the
meaning of IRC Section 168(f)(8), as in effect prior to amendment by the Tax
Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982. Seller is not a "foreign person"
as defined in IRC Section 1445(f)(3) and Buyer is not required to withhold tax
on the purchase of the Assets of Seller by reason of IRC Section 1445. Seller
has not entered into any agreement with respect to the performance of services
that would require a payment, and Seller is not requiring Buyer pursuant to this
Agreement to make any payment (including but not limited to the payments
described in Section 10.11 of this Agreement), that would result in a
nondeductible expense pursuant to IRC Section 280G or an excise tax to the
recipient of such payment pursuant to IRC Section 4999.

         Section 5.10 Intellectual Property. Schedule 5.10 lists all patents,
trademarks, service marks and copyrights used or held for use by Seller
primarily in the operation of the Business. Seller has no Knowledge of (i) any
infringement or claimed infringement by Seller of any patent, trademark, service
mark or copyright of others or (ii) any infringement of any patent, trademark,
service mark or copyright owned by or under license to Seller.

         Section 5.11 Personal Property. Except for normal wear and tear, the
tangible Assets, taken as a whole, are in good operating condition and in a
state of reasonable maintenance and repair. The buildings, structures and
equipment that are a part of the Assets are structurally sound, are in good
operating condition and repair and are adequate for the uses to which they are
being put, and none of such buildings, structures or equipment is in need of
maintenance or repairs, except in each case, for the Assets described in
Schedule 5.11 and for Assets in need of ordinary and routine maintenance and
repairs that will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse
Effect.

         Section 5.12 Material Contracts; Existing Loan Documents. Schedule 5.12
contains, to Seller's Knowledge, a complete and correct list as of the date
hereof of all Material Contracts (other than line extension Contracts and
similar construction arrangements), including all Existing Loan Documents. To
Seller's Knowledge, (i) each Material Contract is in full force and effect and
enforceable against the parties thereto, (ii) there are no defaults and Seller
has not rescinded nor given notice of a default or claimed default under any
such Material Contract, and (iii) no event has occurred which with notice or
lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default thereunder. Except as set
forth in Schedule 5.12, Seller is not obligated under any Contract relating to
the Business or the Assets with respect to industrial development bonds or other
obligations with respect to which the interest thereon is excluded from gross
income of the holder for federal or state income tax purposes.

                                       20
<PAGE>

         Section 5.13 Employee Benefit Matters.

             (a) Schedule 5.13 lists (i) each "Employee Benefit Plan," as such
term is defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA, which is covered by any provision of
ERISA and which is maintained or contributed to by Seller or its Affiliates for
the benefit of the Active Employees; (ii) each other material fringe benefit
plan, policy or arrangement currently maintained or contributed to by Seller or
its Affiliates for the benefit of Active Employees which provides for pension,
retirement, deferred compensation, bonuses, incentive compensation, profit
sharing, stock options, severance, employee insurance coverage or similar
employee benefits (collectively, "Employee Plans"); and (iii) each collective
bargaining, union or other employee association agreement, employment,
managerial, advisory, and consulting agreement, change-in-control agreement,
employee confidentiality agreement, and all other material agreements, policies,
or arrangements maintained or contributed to by Seller or its Affiliates for the
Active Employees or by which Seller is bound with respect to the Business.
Seller has made available to Buyer accurate and complete copies of all such
documents and (if applicable) summary plan descriptions with respect to such
plans, agreements and arrangements, or summary description(s) of any such plans,
agreements or arrangements not otherwise in writing.

             (b) Seller's Pension Plan and Seller's 401(k) Plan are the only
Employee Benefit Plans which are intended to be qualified under Section 401(a)
of the IRC.

             (c) Each Employee Benefit Plan has been established and
administered in all material respects in accordance with its terms, ERISA and
the applicable provisions of the IRC.

         Section 5.14 Environmental Matters.

             (a) Except as listed in Schedule 5.14, since December 31, 1996,
Seller has not received a written notice from a Governmental Body that Seller is
in violation of any Environmental Law arising out of Seller's ownership, use or
operation of the Assets or the operation of the Business.

             (b) Except as listed in Schedule 5.14, there are no Proceedings
pending or Threatened with respect to Seller's compliance with Environmental
Laws and relating to the Business or the Assets. To Seller's Knowledge, there is
no reasonable basis for any such Proceeding that would impose any liability or
obligation that would have or would reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect.

             (c) Except as listed in Schedule 5.14, Seller possesses all
certificates, permits and authorizations required by any Environmental Law for
Seller's ownership, use or operation of the Assets or the operation of the
Business.

             (d) Except as set forth in Schedule 5.14, no environmental
remediation of any Release is occurring on any Real Property included in the
Assets nor has Seller issued a request for proposal or otherwise asked an
environmental remediation contractor to begin plans for any such environmental
remediation. Except as set forth in Schedule 5.14, to Seller's Knowledge, during
or prior to the period of Seller's ownership or operation of the Business there
were no Releases or threatened Releases which would reasonably be expected to
have a Material Adverse Effect.

             (e) Except as set forth in Schedule 5.14, none of the Real Property
is (i) situated in a federal "Superfund" site or, to Seller's Knowledge, in any
federal "Superfund" study area designated

                                       21
<PAGE>

under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act ("CERCLA"), or (ii) to Seller's Knowledge, situated in any site or
study area designated under any state statute comparable to CERCLA.

         Section 5.15 No Material Adverse Change. Except as set forth in
Schedule 5.15, between the date of the Balance Sheet and the date of execution
of this Agreement:

             (a) no Material Adverse Effect has occurred;

             (b) except for actions taken in connection with the contemplated
sale of the Business and this Agreement and except for conversion to the SAP
financial reporting system, between the date of the Balance Sheet and the date
of execution of this Agreement, the Business has been conducted in the ordinary
course, consistent with past practices;

             (c) there has not been any increase in the salary, wage, bonus,
grants, awards, benefits or other compensation payable or that could become
payable by Seller to its officers, directors and employees with respect to the
Business or any amendment of any of the Employee Plans, Seller's Pension Plan
and Seller's 401(k) Plan other than increases or amendments in the ordinary
course of the Business, consistent with past practices (which may include normal
periodic performance reviews and related compensation and benefit increases and
the provision of new individual compensation and benefits for promoted or newly
hired officers and employees on terms consistent with past practice), nor has
Seller granted any severance or termination pay, entered into any contract to
make or grant any severance or termination pay, or paid any bonus, in each case
to any such officer, director, or employee, other than pursuant to preexisting
agreements, arrangements or bonus plans, or taken any action that would result
in the payment of any amounts, or the accelerated vesting of any rights or
benefits, under any Employee Plan, Seller's Pension Plan or Seller's 401(k)
Plan;

             (d) there has been no change in any method of accounting or
accounting practice of the Business;

             (e) Seller has not sold, mortgaged, pledged or encumbered the
Business or the Assets, other than sales of Assets in the ordinary course of
business; and

             (f) no agreement or commitment to do any of the actions
contemplated by clauses (c), (d) or (e) above has been entered into.

         Section 5.16 State and Federal Regulatory Matters.

             (a) Schedule 5.16 reflects all of the currently pending filings
relating to the Business heretofore made by Seller before state or federal
regulatory commissions and each other currently pending Proceeding of such state
or federal regulatory commission which would be considered material to a
reasonably prudent purchaser of the Business in its reasonable business
judgment, other than any currently pending Proceeding that also is applicable to
other Persons engaged in a business similar to the Business such as generic or
industry-wide Proceedings.

             (b) All currently effective material filings relating to the
Business heretofore made by Seller with state or federal regulatory commissions
were made in compliance with Legal Requirements then applicable thereto and the
information contained therein was true and correct in all material respects as
of the respective dates of such filings.

                                       22
<PAGE>

         Section 5.17 Brokers. Except for Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, no
broker or finder has acted for or on behalf of Seller or any Affiliate of Seller
in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement. No broker or finder is entitled to any brokerage or finder's fee, or
to any commission, based in any way on agreements, arrangements or
understandings made by or on behalf of Seller or any Affiliate of Seller for
which Buyer has or will have any liabilities or obligations (contingent or
otherwise).

         Section 5.18 Employee Relations. Except as disclosed in Schedule 5.18,
as of the execution of this Agreement (i) there is no strike, slowdown, picket,
work stoppage or other labor dispute or disturbance on the part of the employees
of Seller with respect to the Business pending or Threatened, and Seller has not
experienced any such strike, slowdown, picket, work stoppage or other labor
dispute or disturbance with respect to the Business within the past two years,
(ii) no grievance, unfair labor practice charge or any arbitration Proceeding
arising out of or under any collective bargaining agreement relating to the
Business exists or is pending on the date hereof, (iii) Seller is not the
subject of a Proceeding asserting that it has committed an unfair labor practice
(within the meaning of the National Labor Relations Act) or seeking to compel it
to bargain with any labor organization as to wages or conditions of employment
with respect to the Business, (iv) Seller is not aware of any activity involving
Seller's employees seeking to certify a collective bargaining unit or engaging
in other organizational activity with respect to the Business, (v) Seller is
currently in compliance in all material respects with respect to the Business
with all applicable Legal Requirements relating to the employment of labor,
including those related to wages, hours and collective bargaining, and is not
liable for any arrearages of wages, penalties or other sums for failure to
comply with any of the foregoing and (vi) there is no claim with respect to
payment of wages, salary or overtime pay that has been asserted or is now
pending or Threatened before any Governmental Body regarding any person or
entity currently or formerly employed by Seller with respect to the Business.

         Section 5.19 Insurance. Schedule 5.19 lists the Seller's property and
casualty insurance policies and contracts in effect as of the date hereof in
connection with the Business. Except as disclosed in Schedule 5.19, (i) each
material insurance policy thereof is in full force and effect, (ii) Seller is
not in default with respect to its obligations under any such policy and (iii)
Seller has not received any notice of cancellation or termination with respect
to any material insurance policy thereof.

         Section 5.20 Accounts Receivable. All accounts receivable and earned
but unbilled revenue reflected in the Financial Statements represent actual
indebtedness to Seller incurred by the applicable account debtors in the
ordinary course of business consistent with past practices. To Seller's
Knowledge, all accounts receivable and earned but unbilled revenue reflected in
the Financial Statements are good and collectible at the aggregate recorded
amounts thereof, net of any reserve for doubtful accounts reflected therein.

                                       23
<PAGE>

         Section 5.21 Appropriate Knowledge Persons. The individuals identified
in the definition of "Knowledge" are agents, employees or officers of Seller and
certain of such individuals have primary decisionmaking responsibility for the
day-to-day operations, management, maintenance and repair of the Assets and the
Business, and they have served in such capacities for more than twelve (12)
months.

         Section 5.22 Disclaimer. Except as otherwise expressly set forth in
this Agreement or in any other document or instrument delivered by Seller
pursuant hereto, Seller expressly disclaims any representations or warranties of
any kind or nature, express or implied, as to the condition, value or quality of
the assets or properties currently or formerly used, operated, owned, leased,
controlled, possessed, occupied or maintained by Seller, and Seller SPECIFICALLY
DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, USAGE, SUITABILITY
OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO SUCH ASSETS OR PROPERTIES,
OR ANY PART THEREOF, OR AS TO THE WORKMANSHIP THEREOF, OR THE ABSENCE OF ANY
DEFECTS THEREIN, WHETHER LATENT OR PATENT, IT BEING UNDERSTOOD THAT SUCH ASSETS
AND PROPERTIES ARE BEING ACQUIRED, "AS IS, WHERE IS" ON THE CLOSING DATE, AND IN
THEIR PRESENT CONDITION, WITH ALL FAULTS AND THAT BUYER SHALL RELY ON ITS OWN
EXAMINATION AND INVESTIGATION THEREOF.

                                   ARTICLE VI
                                    COVENANTS

         Section 6.1 Covenants of Seller. Seller agrees to observe and perform
the following covenants and agreements:

             (a) Conduct of the Business Prior to the Closing Date. With respect
to the Business, except (i) as contemplated in this Agreement or in Schedule
6.1, (ii) as required by any Legal Requirement or Order or (iii) as otherwise
expressly consented to in writing by Buyer which consent will not be
unreasonably withheld or delayed, prior to the Closing, Seller will, with
respect to the Business.

                  (1) Not make or permit any material change in the general
nature of the Business;

                  (2) Maintain and conduct the Business in the ordinary course
of business in accordance with prudent business judgment and consistent with
past practice and policy, and maintain the Assets in their present condition,
reasonable wear and tear excepted, subject to retirements in the ordinary course
of business, use all reasonable efforts to preserve intact the present business
organization and the relationship with customers, suppliers and others having
business dealings with the Business;

                  (3) Not enter into any material transaction or Material
Contract other than in the ordinary course of business in accordance with
prudent business judgment and consistent with past practice and policy;

                  (4) Not purchase, sell, lease, dispose of or otherwise
transfer or make any Contract for the purchase, sale, lease, disposition or
transfer of, or subject to Encumbrance, any material Assets other than in the
ordinary course of business in accordance with prudent business judgment and
consistent with past practice and policy;

                                       24
<PAGE>

                  (5) Not hire any new employee unless such employee is a bona
fide replacement for either a presently-filled position or a vacancy in an
authorized position with the Business;

                  (6) Not make any capital expenditure or capital expenditure
commitment in excess of $200,000 in the aggregate that is not included in the
Capital Budget except in the event of service interruption, emergency or
casualty loss, and use commercially reasonable efforts to make capital
expenditures in accordance with the Capital Budget;

                  (7) Comply in all material respects with all applicable Legal
Requirements and Orders, including without limitation those relating to the
filing of reports, the timely filing of Tax Returns and the payment of Taxes due
to be paid prior to the Closing, other than those Taxes contested in good faith;

                  (8) Except in the ordinary course of business consistent with
past practices or in accordance with the terms of any existing Contract,
Employee Plan or collective bargaining agreement, not grant any material
increase or change in total compensation or benefits (taken as a whole) to any
of the Transferred Employees or, except as permitted by Section 10.2, enter into
any employment, severance or similar Contract with any Person or amend any such
existing Contracts to increase any amounts payable thereunder or benefits
provided thereunder;

                  (9) Not terminate any Material Contract;

                  (10) Not create, incur, assume, guarantee or otherwise become
liable with respect to any indebtedness for money borrowed other than in the
ordinary course of business (it being understood and agreed that customer
advances, customer deposits and construction advances do not create indebtedness
for money borrowed), except in connection with additional borrowings under the
Existing Loan Documents and any renewal, extension, rearrangement or refunding
of any indebtedness created under or evidenced by the Existing Loan Documents,
and except pursuant to advances made by Seller to the Business; or

                  (11) Not make any material filings with any Governmental Body
prior to consulting with Buyer except for filings made in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practices.

             (b) Access to the Business, Assets and Records; Updating
Information.

                  (1) From and after the date hereof and until the Closing Date,
Seller shall permit Buyer and its Representatives to have, on reasonable notice
and at reasonable times, reasonable access to the Business, the Assets and all
books, papers and records to the extent that they reasonably relate to the
ownership, operation, obligations and liabilities of the Business and the
Assets; provided, however, that such access shall not unreasonably interfere
with the operation of the Business; and provided, further, that Buyer hereby
agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Seller from and against all Losses
arising out of or relating to the negligence or willful misconduct of Buyer or
its Representatives in connection with Buyer's access provided pursuant to this
Section 6.1(b)(1). Without limiting the application of the Confidentiality
Agreement, all documents or information furnished by Seller hereunder shall be
subject to the Confidentiality Agreement.

                                       25
<PAGE>

                  (2) Seller will notify Buyer as promptly as practicable of any
significant change in the ordinary course of business for the Business and of
any material Proceedings (Threatened or pending) involving or affecting the
Business or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and shall use
reasonable efforts to keep Buyer fully informed of such events.

             (c) Consents. Seller will use its commercially reasonable efforts
to obtain all necessary Consents from any Person required to consummate the
transactions contemplated hereby, including the Consent of any Person required
under any Legal Requirement or Contract applicable to the Business and all
Consents listed in Schedule 5.3.

             (d) Exclusivity. Until consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby or termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 9.1,
neither Seller nor its Affiliates, representatives, officers, directors,
employees or agent will, directly or indirectly, (1) submit, solicit, initiate,
encourage or discuss any proposal or offer from any Person (other than Buyer or
its Affiliates) or enter into any agreement or accept any offer relating to any
(i) reorganization, liquidation or dissolution of the Business; (ii) merger or
consolidation involving the Business; (iii) purchase or sale of substantially
all of the Assets; or (iv) similar transaction or business combination involving
the Business or the Assets, or (2) furnish any information with respect to,
assist or participate in or facilitate in any other manner any effort or attempt
by any Person or do or seek to do any of the foregoing. Seller shall notify
Buyer promptly if any Person makes any proposal, offer, inquiry or contact with
respect to an action described in clauses (i) through (iv) above.

             (e) Noncompetition.

                  (i) From the Closing Date through the third (3rd) anniversary
thereof, Seller agrees that neither it nor any of its Affiliates will (i)
directly, or indirectly through one or more entities, own, manage, operate,
control, be employed by or participate in the ownership, management, operation
or control, or have a financial interest in, any Person which is engaged in the
Business within the State of Vermont, provided, however, that the foregoing
shall not prevent the purchase or ownership of shares which constitute less than
five percent (5%) of the outstanding equity securities of a publicly-held
company; or (ii) divert or direct any Person who is, at that time, a customer or
supplier of the Business away from the Business.

                  (ii) Seller acknowledges that it has carefully read all the
terms of this Section 6.1(e), and agrees that (A) the same are necessary for the
reasonable and proper protection of the value of the Business, (B) each and
every covenant is reasonable with respect to such matter, length of time and the
geographical area described, and (C) that irrespective of all other conditions,
the covenants and restrictions in clause (i) above shall be operative during the
full period and throughout the geographical area described. In the event any
court finds any such restraint or limitation to be unreasonable, then it is the
intent of the parties that such court should determine the maximum restraint or
limitation which is reasonable and enforcement will be of that restraint or
limitation.

                  (iii) Because of the immediate and irreparable damage that
would be caused to Buyer as a result of the breach of the covenants of Seller
contained in this Section 6.1(e), for which Buyer would not have other adequate
remedy, Seller agrees that, in the event of any such breach, Buyer shall be
entitled to seek, from any court of competent jurisdiction, an injunction
against any further breach by Seller. In addition, Buyer shall be entitled to
pursue any other remedies available under applicable laws or equitable
principles. Each party waives any requirements for security of the posting

                                       26
<PAGE>

of any bond or other surety in connection with any temporary or permanent award
or injunctive, mandatory or other equitable relief.

         Section 6.2 Covenants of Buyer. Buyer agrees to observe and perform the
following covenants and agreements:

             (a) Consents. Buyer will use its commercially reasonable efforts to
assist Seller in obtaining all necessary Consents from any Person required to
consummate the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Consent of any
Person required under any Legal Requirement or Contract applicable to the
Business, and will use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all
Consents listed in Schedule 4.2 and Schedule 4.3.

             (b) Access to Information. After Closing, Buyer will, and will
cause its Representatives to, afford to Seller, including its Representatives,
at Seller's expense, reasonable access to all books, records, files and
documents related to the Business to the extent necessary to permit Seller to
prepare and file its tax returns and to prepare for and participate in any
investigation with respect thereto, to prepare for and participate in any other
investigation and defend any Proceedings relating to or involving Seller or the
Business for which Seller may be responsible, to discharge its obligations under
this Agreement and the other Related Documents to which its is a party and for
other reasonable purposes and will afford Seller reasonable assistance in
connection therewith. Buyer will cause such records to be maintained for not
less than seven years from the Closing Date and will not dispose of such records
without first offering in writing to deliver them to Seller; provided, however,
that in the event that Buyer transfers all or a portion of the Business to any
third party during such period, Buyer may transfer to such third party all or a
portion of the books, records, files and documents related thereof, provided
such third party transferee expressly assumes in writing the obligations of
Buyer under this Section 6.2(b). In addition, after the Closing Date, at
Seller's request, Buyer shall make available to Seller and its Affiliates,
employees, representatives and agents, those employees of Buyer requested by
Seller in connection with any Proceeding, including to provide testimony, to be
deposed, to act as witnesses and to assist counsel; provided, however, that (x)
such access to such employees shall not unreasonably interfere with the normal
conduct of the operations of Buyer and (y) Seller shall reimburse Buyer for the
allocated time charges of such employees and the out-of-pocket costs reasonably
incurred by Buyer in making such employees available to Seller.

             (c) Citizens Guarantees and Surety Instruments. Buyer shall use its
commercially reasonable efforts to assist Seller in obtaining full and complete
releases on the guarantees, letters of credit, bonds and other surety
instruments listed in Schedule 6.2(c). For purposes of this Section 6.2(c),
reasonable efforts shall include: (i) Buyer's assumption of the Contracts on the
terms set forth in this Agreement; and (ii) an obligation on the part of Buyer
to provide a guaranty, letter of credit, bond or other surety instrument at
Closing to the extent required by any Contract assumed by Buyer at Closing and,
in general, an equivalent surety instrument to be substituted for any surety
instrument provided by Citizens to any beneficiary in connection with the
Business.

             (d) Other Covenants of Buyer. Buyer agrees to submit to regulation
by the appropriate state regulatory commission to the same extent as such state
regulatory commission currently regulates Seller in connection with the
Business. Buyer also agrees to make no filings with such state regulatory
commission or take any other action in connection with any Proceeding or Legal
Requirement relating to any other businesses conducted by Seller that also are
subject to regulation by such state regulatory commission.

                                       27
<PAGE>

         Section 6.3 Governmental Filings.

             (a) HSR Act Filing. Buyer and Seller shall comply promptly with the
notice and reporting requirements of the HSR Act. Buyer and Seller shall comply
substantially with any additional requests for information, including requests
for production of documents and production of witnesses for interviews or
depositions, made by the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of
Justice, the United States Federal Trade Commission or the antitrust or
competition law authorities of any other jurisdiction (the "Antitrust
Authorities"). Buyer shall exercise its commercially reasonable efforts, and
Seller shall cooperate fully with Buyer, to prevent the entry in any Proceeding
brought by an Antitrust Authority or any Governmental Body which would prohibit,
make unlawful or delay the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement. Seller shall not oppose any efforts of Buyer, including Buyer's
proffer of consent to any Order, to complete lawfully the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, and shall cooperate in good faith with Buyer and
the Antitrust Authorities to the same effect.

             (b) Other Regulatory Filings. Buyer and Seller will, as soon as
reasonably practicable following the execution of this Agreement, prepare and
file with each Governmental Body, including the appropriate state regulatory
commission, requests for such Consents as may be necessary for the transfer of
the Assets in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Buyer and Seller will
diligently pursue such Consents and will cooperate with each other in seeking
such Consents. To this end, the parties agree to make available the personnel
and other resources of their respective organizations in order to accomplish
actions reasonably required by them to obtain all such Consents.

             (c) Actions Not Required. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary
contained in this Agreement, in connection with or as a condition to receiving
any Consent, neither Seller nor Buyer shall be required (A) to divest, abandon,
license or take similar action with respect to any assets (tangible or
intangible) of it or any of its respective Affiliates, or (B) to expend material
sums of money or grant any material financial or other accommodations (other
than as contemplated hereby).

         Section 6.4 Citizens Marks. Buyer acknowledges and agrees with Seller
that Seller has the absolute and exclusive proprietary right to all names,
marks, trade names, trademarks and corporate symbols and logos incorporating
"Citizens" and "CZN" (collectively and together with all other names, marks,
trade names, trademarks and corporate symbols and logos owned by Seller or any
of its Affiliates, the "Citizens Marks"), all rights to which and the goodwill
represented thereby and pertaining thereto are being retained by Seller. Within
ninety (90) days after the Closing Date, Buyer shall cease using any Citizens
Mark and shall remove from the Assets any and all Citizens Marks. Thereafter,
Buyer shall not use any Citizens Mark in connection with the sale of any
products or services or otherwise in the conduct of its businesses. In the event
that Buyer breaches this Section 6.4, Seller shall be entitled to specific
performance of this Section 6.4 and to injunctive relief against further
violations, as well as any other remedies at law or in equity available to
Seller.

                                       28
<PAGE>

         Section 6.5 Acknowledgment by Buyer. In order to induce Seller to enter
into and perform this Agreement and the Related Documents, Buyer acknowledges
and agrees with Seller as follows:

             (a) To the extent any representation or warranty of Seller made
herein is, to the knowledge of Buyer acquired prior to the date of execution of
this Agreement, untrue or incorrect, (i) Buyer shall have no rights under this
Agreement or any Related Documents by reason of such untruth or inaccuracy, and
(ii) any such representation or warranty by Seller shall be deemed to be amended
to the extent necessary to render it consistent with such knowledge of Buyer. As
used in this Agreement, the "knowledge of Buyer" means the actual knowledge of
John D. Parker, Buyer's Chief Financial Officer.

             (b) EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT AND ANY OTHER DOCUMENT OR
INSTRUMENT DELIVERED BY SELLER PURSUANT HERETO, NONE OF SELLER OR ANY OF ITS
AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES MAKES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY AS TO THE
ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF ANY INFORMATION, WRITTEN OR ORAL, FURNISHED TO OR
PREPARED AT THE REQUEST OF BUYER OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES
WITH RESPECT TO THE BUSINESS OR THE ASSETS.

             (c) THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT
AND IN ANY OTHER DOCUMENT OR INSTRUMENT DELIVERED BY SELLER PURSUANT HERETO
CONSTITUTE THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF SELLER TO
BUYER IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY AND BY THE RELATED
DOCUMENTS THERE ARE NO REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, COVENANTS, UNDERSTANDINGS OR
AGREEMENTS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, IN RELATION THERETO BETWEEN THE PARTIES OTHER THAN
THOSE INCORPORATED HEREIN AND THEREIN. EXCEPT FOR THE REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT AND IN ANY OTHER DOCUMENT OR
INSTRUMENT DELIVERED BY SELLER PURSUANT HERETO, BUYER DISCLAIMS RELIANCE ON ANY
REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY OR ON BEHALF OF
SELLER OR ITS AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES. WITHOUT LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF
THE FOREGOING, BUYER ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT, EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN
SECTIONS 5.7, 5.11 AND 5.14, THERE ARE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF
SELLER WITH RESPECT TO THE CONDITION OF THE ASSETS, COMPLIANCE WITH
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS OR THE PRESENCE OR RELEASES OF
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN THE FIXTURES, SOILS, GROUNDWATER, SURFACE WATER OR AIR ON,
UNDER OR ABOUT OR EMANATING FROM ANY OF THE PROPERTIES OR ASSETS OF SELLER.

         Section 6.6 Transition Plan. Within 30 days after the execution date of
this Agreement, Buyer shall deliver to Seller a list of its proposed
representatives to a joint transition team, which shall include expertise from
various functional specialties associated or involved in providing billing,
payroll and other support services provided to the Business by any automated or
manual process using facilities or employees that are not included among the
Assets or Transferred Employees. Seller will add its representatives to such
team within 15 days after receipt of Buyer's list. Such team will be responsible
for preparing as soon as reasonably practicable after the execution date of this
Agreement and at least 60 days prior to the Closing Date, and timely
implementing, a transition plan which will identify and describe substantially
all of the various transition activities that the parties will cause to occur

                                       29
<PAGE>

before and after the Closing and any other transfer of control matters that any
party reasonably believes should be addressed in such transition plan, including
(i) the payment, collection, remittance and/or other appropriate arrangements
with respect to the items addressed in Sections 3.1(a), 3.1(b) and 3.4; and (ii)
identification, selection and hiring by Buyer on or after the Closing Date of
employees of Seller who provide support services to the Business but who are not
included among the Active Employees. If requested by either party, the terms and
conditions governing such transition activities will be more fully set forth in
a Transition Agreement reasonably satisfactory to the parties. Buyer and Seller
shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to cause their Representatives
on such transition team to cooperate in good faith and take all reasonable steps
necessary to develop a mutually acceptable transition plan by no later than 120
days after the date of this Agreement.

         Section 6.7 Title Insurance. Prior to Closing, Seller shall cooperate
with Buyer and use commercially reasonable efforts to assist Buyer if Buyer
desires to obtain ALTA title insurance commitments (collectively, the "Title
Commitments," and each a "Title Commitment"), in final form, from one or more
title insurance companies (collectively, the "Title Company"), committing the
Title Company (subject only to the satisfaction of any industry standard
requirements contained in the Title Commitment) to issuing ALTA (or its local
equivalent) form of title insurance policies insuring good, valid, indefeasible
fee simple title to the owned Real Estate in Buyer, in all cases, at Buyer's
sole expense and in the respective amounts that Buyer requests prior to Closing,
subject to no Encumbrances or other exceptions to title other than Permitted
Encumbrances (collectively the "Title Policies"). On or prior to the Closing
Date, Seller shall execute and deliver, or cause to be executed and delivered,
to the Title Company, at no cost to Seller, any customary affidavits, standard
gap indemnities and similar documents reasonably requested by the Title Company
in connection with the issuance of the Title Commitments or the Title Policies;
provided that such efforts and Buyers' request for Title Policies or Title
Commitments shall, in no event, result in any delay in the consummation of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

         Section 6.8 Sale of Generating Assets. Seller shall use its
commercially reasonable efforts, prior to Closing, to negotiate, to enter into
and to consummate, prior to Closing, a definitive purchase and sale agreement,
containing terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to Seller and for an
adjusted purchase price of at least $3,000,000, with a third Person regarding
the sale to and purchase by such third Person of the Generating Assets and the
assumption by such third Person of related obligations and liabilities of
Seller. Upon the full execution of such an agreement, the Generating Assets
shall automatically be deemed to be Excluded Assets for all purposes of this
Agreement and Seller shall deliver to Buyer revised Schedules reflecting changes
that result as a consequence of the Generating Assets becoming Excluded Assets.
Buyer shall cooperate fully with Seller, and shall not oppose Seller's efforts
to sell the Generating Assets separately from the other Assets. Seller also may
enter into, and Buyer agrees to assume at Closing or separately to enter into at
Closing, any power purchase agreement that Seller and the buyer of the
Generating Assets may agree to enter into as part of such purchase and sale
transaction, provided such power purchase agreement is approved by the Vermont
Public Services Board.

                                       30
<PAGE>

         Section 6.9 Hydro-Quebec Step-up Indemnity Agreement. Within 30 days
after the execution date of this Agreement, the parties jointly shall establish
a working group of appropriate subject matter experts who shall be instructed to
prepare, within 120 days after the date of execution of this Agreement, a
comprehensive agreement (the "Hydro-Quebec Step-Up Indemnity Agreement"), for
execution by the parties at Closing, setting forth the following terms and
procedures, together with any other appropriate arrangements that either party
believes should be included in such agreement:

             (a) It is the intention of the parties that Seller's obligations
under the Hydro-Quebec Contracts shall not be increased or enlarged as a result
of the sale of the Assets hereunder or by any act or omission of Buyer, but
shall remain to the same extent and in the same amount as if such sale of the
Assets did not occur. Accordingly, Seller shall agree to indemnify and hold
harmless Buyer from and against any and all Losses arising out of or resulting
from Section 17.3 of H-Q/VJO Contract or Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 or 6.4 of the
H-Q Participation Agreement to the same extent (but only to such extent) that
Seller would have incurred such Losses had Seller continued to own the Assets as
of the time the event giving rise to such Losses occurred.

             (b) Without the prior written consent of Seller (which may be
withheld in Seller's sole discretion), Buyer shall not amend, modify, waive or
agree to the waiver of any provision of the Hydro-Quebec Contracts if such
action could adversely affect the rights or obligations of Seller.

             (c) Buyer shall notify Seller as promptly as practicable of any
significant change or development with respect to the Hydro-Quebec Contracts or
the parties thereto.

             (d) Buyer shall take all commercially reasonable steps to mitigate
such Losses, including exercising all rights available to it under the
Hydro-Quebec Contracts to resell the additional power it purchases thereunder
and enforcing its rights against the other purchasing parties to the
Hydro-Quebec Contracts. Such rights shall be exercised by Buyer in good faith
and in a manner consistent with its business practices involving claims for
which no third party contractual indemnification is available.

             (e) To the fullest extent permitted, Seller shall be subrogated to
any rights or claims that Buyer may have against any of the other power
purchasing parties under the Hydro-Quebec Contracts in connection with the event
giving rise to such Losses.

                                   ARTICLE VII
                              CONDITIONS PRECEDENT

         Section 7.1 Seller's Conditions Precedent to Closing. The obligation of
Seller to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be
subject to fulfillment at or prior to the Closing of the following conditions:

             (a) Representations and Warranties True as of the Closing Date.
Buyer's representations and warranties in this Agreement shall have been true
and correct in all material respects (except for representations and warranties
that contain a qualification as to materiality, which shall have been true and
correct in all respects) as of the date of this Agreement and shall be true and
correct in all material respects (except for representations and warranties that
contain a qualification as to materiality, which shall be true and correct in
all respects) as of the Closing Date as if made on the Closing Date, subject to
changes expressly contemplated and permitted by this Agreement, except that

                                       31
<PAGE>

representations and warranties made as of, or in respect of, only a specified
date or period shall be true and correct in all material respects as of, or in
respect of, such date or period.

             (b) Compliance with Agreements. The covenants, agreements and
conditions required by this Agreement to be performed and complied with by Buyer
shall have been performed and complied with in all material respects prior to or
at the Closing Date.

             (c) Certificate. Buyer shall execute and deliver to Seller a
certificate of an authorized officer of Buyer, dated the Closing Date, stating
that the conditions specified in Sections 7.1(a) and 7.1(b) of this Agreement
have been satisfied.

             (d) Governmental Approvals and Other Consents. The Vermont Public
Services Board shall have issued an Order approving the transactions
contemplated hereby, the terms and conditions of such Order shall be acceptable
in all material respects to Seller in its reasonable discretion and shall have
no significant adverse effect on Seller's acquisition and divestiture activities
in the State of Vermont (including the divestiture of the Assets), and such
Order shall have become a Final Order. Seller also shall have obtained all other
Consents of Governmental Bodies and other Persons which are required in order to
consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and to transfer the Assets to
Buyer without incurring material liability under any Legal Requirement, Order or
Contract, including all Consents required by the Hydro-Quebec Contracts to
assign such Contracts to Buyer.

             (e) HSR Act. The applicable waiting period under the HSR Act with
respect to the transactions contemplated hereby shall have expired or have been
terminated without there being in effect a Legal Requirement enjoining or
restraining consummation of such transaction.

             (f) Injunctions. On the Closing Date, there shall be no Proceedings
pending which seek, and no Orders which operate, to restrain, enjoin or
otherwise prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement.

             (g) Opinion of Counsel. On the Closing Date, Seller shall have
received from counsel to Buyer an opinion in the form of Exhibit 7.1(g).

             (h) Documents. Buyer shall have delivered all the certificates,
instruments, contracts and other documents specified to be delivered by it
hereunder on or before the Closing Date, including pursuant to Section 8.1, and
shall have taken such actions as Seller may have requested pursuant to Section
11.2 hereof.

             (i) Sale of Generating Assets. Any agreement entered into by Seller
in accordance with Section 6.8 shall have been consummated prior to the Closing
Date or Seller shall be satisfied that such transaction will be consummated
concurrently with the Closing.

                                       32
<PAGE>

         Section 7.2 Buyer's Conditions Precedent to Closing. The obligation of
Buyer to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be
subject to fulfillment at or prior to the Closing of the following conditions:

             (a) Representations and Warranties True as of the Closing Date.
Seller's representations and warranties in this Agreement shall have been true
and correct in all material respects (except for representations and warranties
that contain a qualification as to materiality, which shall have been true and
correct in all respects) as of the date of this Agreement and shall be true and
correct in all material respects (except for representations and warranties that
contain a qualification as to materiality, which shall be true and correct in
all respects) as of the Closing Date as if made on the Closing Date, subject to
changes expressly contemplated and permitted by this Agreement; except (i) that
representations and warranties made as of, or in respect of, only a specified
date or period shall be true and correct in all material respects as of, or in
respect of, such date or period, and (ii) to the extent that any failure of such
representations and warranties to be true and correct as aforesaid when taken in
the aggregate would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

             (b) Compliance with Agreements. The covenants, agreements and
conditions required by this Agreement to be performed and complied with by
Seller shall have been performed and complied with in all material respects
prior to or at the Closing Date, except where the failure to so perform or
comply when taken in the aggregate would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

             (c) Certificate. Seller shall execute and deliver to Buyer a
certificate of an authorized officer of Seller, dated the Closing Date, stating
that the conditions specified in Sections 7.2(a) and 7.2(b) of this Agreement
have been satisfied.

             (d) Governmental Approvals. The Vermont Public Services Board shall
have issued an Order approving the transactions contemplated hereby, such Order
shall not contain any restrictions or conditions (other than those in effect on
the date of this Agreement or requiring that the regulatory treatment with
respect to the Business in existence as of the date of this Agreement applicable
to Seller be continued following the Closing) which would have a material
adverse effect on the operation, financial condition or results of operations of
the Business, and such Order shall have become a Final Order. In addition,
Seller shall have obtained all other Consents of Governmental Bodies and other
Persons which are required in order to consummate the transactions contemplated
hereby other than those the failure of which to obtain would not have a material
adverse effect on the operation, financial condition or results of operations of
the Business.

             (e) HSR Act. The applicable waiting period under the HSR Act with
respect to the transactions contemplated hereby shall have expired or have been
terminated.

             (f) Injunctions. On the Closing Date, there shall be no Proceedings
pending which seek, and no Orders which operate, to restrain, enjoin or
otherwise prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement.

             (g) Opinion of Counsel. On the Closing Date, Buyer shall have
received from L. Russell Mitten II, Vice President and General Counsel of
Seller, an opinion in the form of Exhibit 7.2(g) hereto.

                                       33
<PAGE>

             (h) Documents. Seller shall have delivered all of the certificates,
instruments, contracts and other documents specified to be delivered by it
hereunder, including pursuant to Section 8.1, and shall have made arrangements
reasonably satisfactory to Buyer to deliver to Buyer as promptly as practicable
after the Closing such records (including customer and employee records)
necessary to own and operate the Business.

             (i) No Material Adverse Change. Since the date of execution of this
Agreement, no Material Adverse Effect shall have occurred that has continuing
effect as of the Closing Date.

             (j) Hydro-Quebec Step-Up Indemnity Agreement. Seller shall have
executed and delivered to Buyer the Hydro-Quebec Step-Up Indemnity Agreement
contemplated by Section 6.9 and such agreement shall be reasonably satisfactory
to Buyer.

                                  ARTICLE VIII
                                     CLOSING

         Section 8.1 Closing. The closing of the purchase and sale of the Assets
(the "Closing") will take place at the offices of Fleischman and Walsh, L.L.P.,
1400 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Suite 600, Washington, D.C. 20036, on the last
calendar day of the month in which the conditions specified in Sections 7.1(d)
and 7.2(d) have been satisfied, unless another time, date and place is agreed to
in writing by the parties. The date of the Closing is referred to in this
Agreement as the "Closing Date." The transactions to be consummated on the
Closing Date shall be deemed to have been consummated as of 11:59 p.m. on the
Closing Date. At the Closing the following events shall occur, each event being
deemed to have occurred simultaneously with the other events.

             (a) Bill of Sale. Seller and Buyer shall execute and deliver the
Bill of Sale and Assignment and Assumption Agreement in the form of Exhibit
8.1(a) hereto (the "Bill of Sale").

             (b) Payment of Purchase Price. As provided below, Buyer will pay to
Seller an amount equal to the Estimated Purchase Price by wire transferring such
amount, in lawful money of the United States of America in immediately available
funds, to such account as Seller shall have designed by notice to Buyer. If the
Closing Date is not a business day on which financial institutions are open and
operating, then on or before the last business day on which financial
institutions are open and operating before the Closing Date, Buyer shall deliver
the Estimated Purchase Price to Buyer's lead bank (the "Escrow Agent") in
immediately available funds in U.S. dollars. Upon receipt, the Escrow Agent
shall invest the Estimated Purchase Price in an interest-bearing account
mutually agreed upon by Seller and Buyer. At Closing, Buyer shall sign and
deliver to Seller a statement which confirms that the Closing has occurred and
which instructs the Escrow Agent to transfer to Seller the funds representing
the Estimated Purchase Price, plus an amount representing the interest earned
after the Closing Date until the date the funds are transferred, to an account
that Seller shall designate at least two (2) business days prior to the date the
funds are required to be transferred hereunder. The Escrow Agent shall refund
the balance to Buyer. The fees and expenses of Escrow Agent shall be paid
one-half by Seller and one-half by Buyer.

             (c) Other Related Documents. To the extent consistent with the
other provisions of this Agreement, Seller (or the appropriate Affiliate of
Seller) and Buyer shall execute and deliver such other Related Documents
(including special warranty deeds, conveyances, certificates of title, bills of
sale, assignment and assumption instruments and FIRPTA affidavits) reasonably
requested by a party that are necessary in order to satisfy any applicable Legal
Requirements relating to the transfer of the

                                       34
<PAGE>

Assets to Buyer or the assumption of the Assumed Liabilities by Buyer or which
are customarily given in the State of Vermont to accomplish transfers of assets
of the type involved; provided, however, that nothing in this clause (c) shall
obligate Seller or any Affiliate of Seller to execute or deliver any document
that affects, in a manner adverse to Seller and in a manner not required by the
terms of this Agreement, Seller's liability to Buyer as expressed herein and in
the Bill of Sale.

             (d) FIRPTA Certificate. Seller shall execute and deliver to Buyer a
certification of nonforeign status within the meaning of Treasury Regulations
Section 1.1445-2.

                                   ARTICLE IX
                                   TERMINATION

         Section 9.1 Termination Rights. This Agreement may be terminated in its
entirety at any time prior to the Closing:

             (a) By the mutual written agreement of Seller and Buyer;

             (b) By Buyer, on the one hand, or Seller, on the other hand, in
writing if there shall be in effect a nonappealable Order prohibiting ,
enjoining or restricting the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;

             (c) By Buyer, upon the breach in any material respect of any of the
representations and warranties of Seller contained herein or in the failure by
Seller to perform and comply in any material respect with any of the agreements
and obligations required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by
Seller, provided that such breach or failure is reasonably likely to result in a
Material Adverse Effect and is not cured or otherwise addressed by Seller in a
manner reasonably acceptable to Buyer within 30 days of Seller's receipt of a
written notice from Buyer that such a breach or failure has occurred (or
significant efforts have not been commenced to cure such misrepresentation or
breach if it is susceptible to cure but not capable of being cured within such
30 days);

             (d) By Seller, upon the breach in any material respect of any of
the representations and warranties of Buyer contained herein or the failure by
Buyer to perform and comply in any material respect with any of the agreements
and obligations required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by
Buyer, provided that such breach or failure is not cured or otherwise addressed
by Buyer in a manner reasonably acceptable to Seller within 30 days of Buyer's
receipt of a written notice from Seller that such a breach or failure has
occurred (or significant efforts have not been commenced to cure such
misrepresentation or breach if it is susceptible to cure but not capable of
being cured within such 30 days);

             (e) By either party in writing if the Closing has not occurred
within fifteen (15) months after the execution date of this Agreement; provided,
however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 9.1(e)
will not be available to any party that is in material breach of its
representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained herein; and
provided, further, that if Closing has not occurred within such period of time
because the conditions precedent to Closing set forth in Sections 7.1(d) and
7.2(d) have not been fulfilled, then such period of time shall be automatically
extended by an additional six (6) months;

             (f) By Seller or Buyer, as appropriate, if any Governmental Body
whose Consent is required to fulfill a condition precedent to Closing set forth
in Section 7.1(d) (with respect to Seller)

                                       35
<PAGE>

or in Section 7.2(d) (with respect to Buyer) has affirmatively indicated that
such Consent will not be given or will contain terms or conditions (or, if such
Consent has been obtained, contains terms or conditions) that, in the reasonable
business judgment of Seller or Buyer, as appropriate, will result in a condition
precedent to Closing set forth in Section 7.1(d) (with respect to Seller) or in
Section 7.2(d) (with respect to Buyer) not being satisfied;

             (g) By Seller if by the deadline set forth in Section 4.4 (as such
deadline may have been extended by Seller), Buyer fails to obtain from a
reputable financial institution a binding commitment letter, in form and
substance reasonably satisfactory to Seller, obligating such financier to
provide the necessary funds to Buyer at Closing to enable Buyer to consummate
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; or

             (h) By Seller if both (i) Buyer's financier fails to advance loan
proceeds to Buyer with which to fund the payments required to be made by Buyer
at Closing or such financier affirmatively indicates, for no reason or for any
reason other than the proper termination of this Agreement pursuant to any other
provision of this Section 9.1, that such funding will not be provided to Buyer
by such financier and (ii) Buyer is unable to arrange, to Seller's reasonable
satisfaction, replacement funding from any other source within forty-five (45)
days after the occurrence of the event described in the preceding clause (i).

         Section 9.2 Limitation on Right to Terminate: Effect of Termination.

             (a) A party shall not be allowed to exercise any right of
termination pursuant to Section 9.1 if the event giving rise to the termination
right shall be due to the willful failure of such party seeking to terminate
this Agreement to perform or observe in any material respect any of the
covenants or agreements hereof to be performed or observed by such party.

             (b) If this Agreement is terminated as permitted under Section 9.1,
such termination shall be without liability of or to any party to this
Agreement, or any shareholder or Representative of such party; provided,
however, that if such termination shall result from the willful failure of any
party to fulfill a condition to the performance of any other party or to perform
a covenant of this Agreement or from a material and willful breach by any party
to this Agreement (it being understood that the failure to cure a breach shall
not, by itself, be a willful breach of this Agreement), then such party shall
(subject to the limitation set forth in the last sentence of this Section
9.2(b)) be fully liable for any and all damages sustained or incurred by the
other party. If prior to Closing either party to this Agreement resorts to legal
proceedings to enforce this Agreement, the prevailing party in such proceedings
shall be entitled to recover all costs incurred by such party including
reasonable attorney's fees, in addition to any other relief to which such party
may be entitled; provided, however, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary
in this Agreement, in no event shall either party be entitled to receive any
punitive, indirect or consequential damages.

             (c) If (i) Seller terminates this Agreement pursuant to Section
9.1(d), Section 9.1(g) or Section 9.1(h) or (ii) this Agreement is terminated by
either party pursuant to Section 9.1(e) or 9.1(f) because the requisite Consent
from the applicable state regulatory commission has not been obtained, or
because such Governmental Body has affirmatively indicated that its Consent will
not be given, due in whole or in part to concerns about Buyer's qualifications
or capabilities, unless such Governmental Body also has affirmatively indicated
that its Consent is being withheld due in part to concerns about Seller's
operation of the Business or ownership of the Assets, then Seller may present a
sight draft under the Letter of Credit, and thereby retain either all of the
Deposit (if clause (i) is applicable) or $380,000

                                       36
<PAGE>

(if clause (ii) is applicable), (or, if there is no Letter of Credit or if the
Letter of Credit does not permit Seller to present a sight draft in such
circumstances, then Buyer shall pay to Seller in cash an amount equal to the
Deposit or $380,000, as the case may be, within five (5) business days after the
effective date of termination of this Agreement), in either case, as liquidated
damages free of any claims by Buyer or any other Person with respect thereto
(the parties hereby acknowledging that the extent of damages to Seller
occasioned by such breach or default or failure by Buyer would be impossible or
extremely difficult to ascertain and that the amount to be paid to Seller is a
fair and reasonable estimate of such damages under the circumstances). If this
Agreement is terminated for any reason other than as set forth in the preceding
sentence, then Seller shall promptly deliver the Letter of Credit to Buyer, free
of any claims by Seller or any other Person with respect thereto.

                                    ARTICLE X
                                EMPLOYEE MATTERS

         Section 10.1 Employment of Transferred Employees.

             (a) Schedule 10.1 lists each division, and the total number of
salaried and hourly, nonunion and union, employees actively employed as of the
date of this Agreement in each division by Seller or its Affiliates whose
primary duties relate to the Business ("Active Employees"). As of the Closing
Date, Buyer shall employ all Active Employees of Seller employed in the Business
being acquired ("Transferred Employees") in the same comparable positions, and
at the same compensation level (including wages, salary and bonuses) as were in
effect with Seller immediately prior to the Closing Date. Buyer reserves the
right to restructure positions and functions as it deems appropriate so long as
reassignment does not result in materially diminished responsibilities or a
reduction in compensation. For purposes of the preceding sentence, "Active
Employees" shall include all full-time and part-time employees, employees on
military leave, maternity leave, leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act of
1993, on short-term disability, on layoff with recall rights, and employees on
other leaves of absences where there is a legal or contractual right to
reinstatement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Agreement shall
operate to prevent or prohibit Buyer from making changes in compensation of
Transferred Employees based on demotions arising for cause.

             (b) Prior to the execution date of this Agreement, Seller has
delivered to Buyer a list of the persons who would have been Transferred
Employees had the Closing Date occurred on December 31, 1999, showing the
following information for each such person: (i) the name of each such person;
(ii) the name of his or her current employer; (iii) his or her current base pay,
1998 bonus that was paid in 1999 and the projected 1999 bonus that will be paid
in 2000; (iv) his or her hire date, any rehire date (if available) and years of
service; (v) his or her then-current position and job title; (vi) whether such
employee is subject to a collective bargaining agreement or represented by a
labor organization and, if so, the name of the union and local, (vii) whether
such employee is on military leave, maternity leave, leave under the Family and
Medical Leave Act of 1993, short-term disability, on layoff with recall rights,
or on other leave of absence with a legal or contractual right to reinstatement.
Seller shall update such list as of the end of each calendar quarter occurring
between the execution date hereof and the Closing Date, in each case assuming
the Closing Date had occurred on such date, and shall deliver such updated lists
to Buyer within ten (10) days after the end of each such calendar quarter.

                                       37
<PAGE>

         Section 10.2. Assumption of Collective Bargaining Agreement
Obligations. On and after the Closing Date, Buyer, shall assume all of the
Seller's obligations under, and be bound by the provisions of, each collective
bargaining agreement to the extent of provisions covering Transferred Employees.
Each collective bargaining agreement shall be identified on a Schedule 10.2 to
be prepared by Seller and submitted to Buyer on or before the Closing Date.
Seller shall cooperate with Buyer in Buyer's efforts to contact the unions
representing Transferred Employees. Seller may extend, renew or enter into a new
Contract to replace any collective bargaining agreement that will expire prior
to December 31, 2000, provided that Seller shall consult with Buyer regarding
the terms and conditions of any such extension, renewal or replacement of any
such collective bargaining agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions
of this Section 10.2, Buyer shall not be obligated to assume any new collective
bargaining agreement that contains terms and conditions that, when taken as a
whole, are materially more onerous on the employer than the terms and
conditions, taken as a whole, of the collective bargaining agreement that was
replaced by such new collective bargaining agreement.

         Section 10.3 Cessation of Participation in Seller's Plans; Proration of
Bonuses. From and after the Closing Date, Transferred Employees shall accrue no
additional benefits under any Employee Benefit Plan, or Employee Plan of Seller
or its Affiliates. Seller and Buyer shall pro-rate the obligation to pay any
bonuses declared by Seller after the Closing Date that would have been payable
to the Transferred Employees had the Transferred Employees remained employed by
Seller or its Affiliates throughout the calendar year in which the Closing Date
occurs, in accordance with the provisions of any Employee Benefit Plan or
Employee Plan of Seller under which such bonus would have been paid. For
Transferred Employees entitled to such bonus, Buyer shall be obligated to pay
that portion of each such bonus determined by multiplying the amount of such
bonus by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days from and after
the Closing Date through the end of the calendar year in which the Closing Date
occurs, and the denominator of which is 365. Seller shall be obligated to pay
the balance of any such bonuses.

         Section 10.4 Similarity of Benefit Packages. As of the Closing Date,
and except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article X, Buyer shall
include each Transferred Employee in a benefit package providing benefits that
are in the aggregate substantially similar to those provided by Seller to such
Transferred Employees immediately prior to the Closing Date. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, to the extent that one or more collective bargaining agreements being
assumed by Buyer contains provisions pertaining to employee benefits, Buyer
shall provide the Transferred Employees covered by such agreements with benefits
that are identical to those required to be provided under the terms of such
agreements. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article X, Buyer
shall treat all service and compensation credited to each such Transferred
Employee as if such service and compensation had been rendered to, and paid by,
Buyer for all purposes under Buyer's benefit plans, arrangements, and policies.

                                       38
<PAGE>

         Section 10.5  Defined Benefit Pension Plan.

             (a) At least fifteen days prior to the Closing Date, Seller shall
take any and all actions necessary to cease benefit accruals and fully vest all
Transferred Employees in their accrued benefits under the Citizens Pension Plan
("Seller's Pension Plan"). Seller shall retain all liabilities and assets for
pension benefits accrued through the Closing Date by Transferred Employees and
retirees of the Business under Seller's Pension Plan.

             (b) As of the Closing Date, Buyer shall cause all union Transferred
Employees to be included in a qualified defined benefit pension plan providing
benefits identical to the benefits provided under the Seller's Pension Plan
("Buyer's Pension Plan"). Buyer shall take all actions necessary to cause
Buyer's Pension Plan to recognize the service that all union Transferred
Employees had under Seller's Pension Plan for purposes of such Employees'
eligibility to participate, vesting, attainment of retirement dates, subsidized
benefits, and entitlement to optional forms of payment.

         Section 10.6  401(k) Plan.

             (a) Buyer shall take all action necessary to ensure that, as of the
Closing Date, it includes Transferred Employees in a qualified 401(k) plan
providing for matching contributions at least equivalent to that provided to the
Transferred Employee under Citizens 401(k) Savings Plan ("Seller's 401(k) Plan")
immediately prior to the Closing Date. Buyer shall take all actions necessary to
cause Buyer's 401(k) Plan to recognize the service that the Transferred
Employees had in Seller's 401(k) Plan for purposes of determining such
Employees' eligibility to participate, vesting, attainment of retirement dates,
contribution levels and, if applicable, eligibility for optional forms of
benefit payments. Buyer shall cause the trustee of Buyer's 401(k) Plan to accept
transfers and direct rollovers from Seller's 401(k) Plan of the vested account
balances of Transferred Employees, including transfers of outstanding loan
balances and related promissory notes, subject to compliance with applicable
law.

             (b) Seller shall vest Transferred Employees in their account
balances under Seller's 401(k) Plan as of the Closing Date. Seller shall direct
the trustee of Seller's 401(k) Plan to transfer to the trustee of Buyer's 401(k)
Plan an amount of cash equal to the value of the account balances of the
Transferred Employees under Seller's 401(k) Plan; except that to the extent that
the account balances consist of outstanding loans, Seller shall direct the
trustee of Seller's 401(k) Plan to transfer to the trustee of Buyer's 401(k)
Plan the promissory notes and related documents evidencing such loans.

             (c) After the transfer of assets and liabilities pursuant to this
Section, Buyer shall assume all liabilities for the benefits payable with
respect to Transferred Employees under Seller's 401(k) Plan, and Seller and
Seller's 401(k) Plan shall have no liability for such benefits.

             (d) In connection with the transfer of assets and liabilities under
this Section, Seller and Buyer shall cooperate in making all appropriate
filings, and providing all applicable notices, required by the IRC or ERISA.
Buyer shall deliver to Seller a copy of Buyer's 401(k) Plan, and a copy of the
most recent determination letter from the IRS with respect to such Plan,
together with a certification to the effect that no events have occurred since
the date of the determination letter that would adversely affect the Plan's
qualified status.

                                       39
<PAGE>

         Section 10.7  Welfare Benefits.

             (a) Buyer shall take all action necessary and appropriate to ensure
that, as of the Closing Date, Buyer maintains employee welfare benefit plans
(including retiree medical benefits) for the benefit of Transferred Employees
that, in the case of nonunion Transferred Employees are, in the aggregate,
comparable to those benefits provided by Seller under its corresponding welfare
benefit plans (the "Buyer's Nonunion Welfare Plans"), and in the case of union
Transferred Employees are identical to those benefits provided to union
Transferred Employees under Seller's corresponding welfare benefit plans (the
"Buyer's Bargained Welfare Plans"), as in effect immediately prior to the
Closing Date. The Buyer's Nonunion Welfare Plans and the Buyer's Bargained
Welfare Plans are hereinafter referred to collectively as the "Buyer Welfare
Plans." For purposes of determining eligibility to participate, and entitlement
to benefits, in each Buyer Welfare Plan, each Transferred Employee shall be
credited with service, determined under the terms of the corresponding welfare
plans maintained by Seller on the Closing Date (hereinafter referred to
collectively as the "Seller Welfare Plans"). Any restrictions on coverage for
pre-existing conditions, actively at work requirements, waiting periods, and
requirements for evidence of insurability under the Buyer Welfare Plans shall be
waived in the Buyer Welfare Plans for Transferred Employees, and Transferred
Employees shall receive credit under the Buyer Welfare Plans for co-payments,
payments under a deductible limit made by them, and for out-of-pocket maximums
applicable to them during the plan year of the Seller Welfare Plan in which the
Closing Date occurs. As soon as practicable after the Closing Date, Seller shall
deliver to Buyer a list of the Transferred Employees who had credited service
under a Seller Welfare Plan, together with each such Transferred Employee's
service, co-payment, deductible and out-of-pocket payment amounts under such
plan.

             (b) Buyer shall provide or cause to be provided retiree medical,
dental, and life benefits to each retiree of the Business identified in Schedule
10.7 as updated as of the Closing Date (the "Retirees"), to each Transferred
Employee who is considered to be a "grandfathered employee" (as hereinafter
defined), and to each union Transferred Employee who otherwise is eligible for
such retiree benefits, under the same terms and conditions as applied to such
Retiree or Transferred Employee immediately prior to the Closing Date, and
Seller shall have no obligation or liability, contingent or otherwise, to
provide retiree medical, dental or life benefits to any such Retiree or
Transferred Employee on or after the Closing Date. For purposes of this Section
10.7, a "grandfathered employee" is a union or nonunion Transferred Employee,
who was at least age 55 with at least 10 years of service as defined in the
Seller's Pension Plan by December 31, 1997, and who retires after December 31,
1997. Schedule 10.7 identifies each Active Employee who is a "grandfathered
employee" and each union Active Employee who otherwise is eligible for such
retiree benefits. Buyer agrees not to terminate or materially modify those
post-retirement benefit provisions covering "grandfathered" Transferred
Employees, eligible union Transferred Employees, Retirees, their spouses and
dependents that are in effect immediately prior to the Closing Date.

             (c) Within sixty (60) days after the Closing, Seller agrees to
transfer to an exempt trust established by Buyer under Section 501(c)(9) of the
IRC ("Buyer's VEBA") the amount held under any trust established by Seller under
Section 501(c)(9) of the IRC ("Seller's VEBA") to fund post-retirement health
care and life insurance benefits for the Business. Such amount shall be
determined based upon Seller's internal recordkeeping. Buyer agrees that Buyer's
VEBA will apply an amount at least equal to the sum of the assets transferred
from Seller's VEBA (and earnings thereon calculated at the rate of return
generated by Buyer's VEBA) to provide post-retirement health care and life
insurance benefits after the Closing Date to the Retirees and, as applicable,
the Transferred Employees who become eligible for such benefits after Closing.
Upon Closing, Buyer shall be responsible for all

                                       40
<PAGE>

obligations of Seller to provide post-retirement health care and life insurance
benefits to such Transferred Employees and Retirees, and Seller and Seller's
VEBA shall cease to have any liability, contingent or otherwise, for such
benefits.

         Section 10.8 Flexible Spending Accounts. Seller shall transfer to
Buyer's flexible benefits plan any balances standing to the credit of
Transferred Employees under Seller's flexible benefits plan as of the Closing
Date. Seller shall provide to Buyer prior to the Closing Date a list of those
Transferred Employees that have participated in the health or dependent care
reimbursement accounts of Seller, together with their elections made prior to
the Closing Date with respect to such account, and balances standing to their
credit as of the Closing Date.

         Section 10.9 Employment Agreements. Buyer shall assume all obligations
of each employment agreement to which Seller or its Affiliates is a party and
which covers any Transferred Employee immediately prior to the Closing Date.

         Section 10.10 Vacation. Seller shall pay to Transferred Employees any
"banked" vacation credited to them on or prior to the Closing Date. On or after
the Closing Date, Buyer shall provide to each Transferred Employee vacation in
an amount equal to the Transferred Employee's vacation entitlement for the year
of the Closing reduced by the number of vacation days that such Transferred
Employee has taken on or before the Closing.

         Section 10.11 Severance. In the event that Buyer terminates the
services of any Transferred Employee within twelve (12) months following the
Closing Date without cause, Buyer shall provide to any such Transferred Employee
severance or separation pay benefits that are at least equal to the benefits
that would have been paid by Seller had Seller continued to employ such
Transferred Employee through such twelve month period ending on the employee's
date of termination from Buyer; provided, however, that if a collective
bargaining agreement that is applicable to a union Transferred Employee would
provide for a greater benefit to be paid by Buyer, the terms and conditions of
such agreement shall instead be applicable. "Cause" for termination shall
consist of: (a) any act of dishonesty or fraud; (b) an employee's conviction of
a crime involving fraud, embezzlement or any other act of moral turpitude; (c)
an employee's gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of his
duties; (d) an employee's engagement in acts seriously detrimental to the
Business or reputation of Buyer; (e) an employee's failure to abide by lawful
policies of Buyer; and (f) the employee's failure to abide by the directives of
the employee's superior.

                                   ARTICLE XI
                                   TAX MATTERS

         Section 11.1 Purchase Price Allocation. Buyer and Seller shall use
their good faith efforts to agree upon the allocation (the "Allocation") of the
Purchase Price, the Assumed Liabilities and other relevant items (including, for
example, adjustments to the Purchase Price) to the individual assets or classes
of assets as required by Section 1060 of the IRC and the Treasury Regulations
promulgated thereunder. If Buyer and Seller agree to such Allocation, Buyer and
Seller covenant and agree that, except to the extent that the IRS or other
Governmental Body successfully challenges such Allocation, (i) the values
assigned to the assets by the parties' mutual agreement shall be conclusive and
final for all purposes, (ii) Buyer and Seller shall file all federal Tax
Returns, including IRS Form 8594, in accordance with such Allocation, and (iii)
neither Buyer nor Seller will take any position before any Governmental Body or
in any Proceeding that is in any way inconsistent with such Allocation.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Buyer and Seller cannot agree to an
Allocation, Buyer and Seller

                                       41
<PAGE>

covenant and agree to file, and to cause their respective Affiliates to file,
all Tax Returns and schedules thereto (including, for example, amended returns,
claims for refund, and those returns and forms required under Section 1060 of
the IRC and any Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder) consistent with
each of such party's good faith Allocations, unless otherwise required because
of a change in any Legal Requirement.

         Section 11.2 Cooperation with Respect to Like-Kind Exchange. Buyer
agrees that Seller may, at Seller's election prior to the Closing Date, direct
Buyer to acquire any portion of the Assets by delivering all or a portion of the
Purchase Price to a "qualified intermediary" (as defined in Treasury Regulations
ss.1.1031(k) - (l)(g)(4)) as to assist Seller in structuring the relinquishment
of the Assets to qualify as part of a like-kind exchange of property covered by
Section 1031 of the IRC. If Seller so elects, Buyer shall cooperate with Seller
(but without being required to incur any out-of-pocket costs in the course
thereof) in connection with Seller's efforts to effect such like-kind exchange,
which cooperation shall include, without limitation, taking such actions as
Seller reasonably requests in order to enable Seller to qualify such transfer as
part of a like-kind exchange of property covered by Section 1031 of the IRC
(including any actions required to facilitate the use of a "qualified
intermediary"), and Buyer agrees that Seller may assign all or part of its
rights and delegate all or part of its obligations under this Agreement to a
person or entity acting as a qualified intermediary to the extent necessary to
qualify the transfer of the Assets as part of a like-kind exchange of property
covered by Section 1031 of the IRC, provided, however, that no such assignment
shall relieve Seller of any of its obligations under this Agreement. Buyer and
Seller agree in good faith to use reasonable efforts to coordinate the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement with any other transactions engaged
in by either Buyer or Seller; provided that such efforts are not required to
include an unreasonable delay in the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement. Seller agrees to pay any additional Transaction
Taxes that may be imposed as a result of any like-kind exchange contemplated by
this Section 11.2 and to reimburse Buyer for any additional out-of-pocket legal
fees and expenses incurred by Buyer in connection with any such exchange.

         Section 11.3 Transaction Taxes. Buyer and Seller shall each bear and be
responsible for paying one-half of any sales, use, transfer, documentary,
registration (other than any annual registration fees), business and occupation
and other similar Taxes (including related penalties (civil or criminal),
additions to tax and interest) imposed by any Governmental Body with respect to
the transfer of Assets (including the Real Property) to Buyer ("Transaction
Taxes"), regardless of whether the tax authority seeks to collect such Taxes
from Seller or Buyer. Seller shall prepare all tax filings related to any
Transaction Taxes (other than with respect to Real Property and motor vehicle
title transfer and registration, which shall be prepared by Buyer). Fifteen (15)
days prior to making such filings, the filing party shall provide to the
nonfiling party the filing party's workpapers for the nonfiling party's review
and approval. The nonfiling party shall provide to the filing party approval or
disapproval of such workpapers within ten (10) days of delivery by the filing
party. The filing party shall be responsible for (i) administering the payment
of such Transaction Taxes, (ii) defending or pursuing any Proceedings related
thereto, and (iii) paying any expenses related thereto, in each case subject to
reimbursement by the nonfiling party for one-half of such payments and expenses.
Each party shall give prompt written notice to the other of any proposed
adjustment or assessment of any Transaction Taxes with respect to the
transaction, or of any examination of said transaction in a sales, use, transfer
or similar tax audit. In any Proceedings, whether formal or informal, the filing
party shall control the defense of such Proceedings, but shall permit the
nonfiling party to participate in the defense of such proceeding and shall take
all actions and execute all documents required to allow such participation.
Neither party shall negotiate a settlement or compromise of any Transaction
Taxes without the prior written consent of the other, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld.

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<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE XII
                              ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

         Section 12.1  Environmental Due Diligence.

             (a) Right to Conduct Environmental Due Diligence. Regarding
environmental matters, Buyer has completed its initial environmental due
diligence prior to execution of this Agreement, including a review of the
Environmental Data. Buyer also has required Seller to make the representations
concerning environmental matters set forth in Section 5.14, upon which Buyer is
relying. In light of these actions, Buyer agrees not to conduct additional
environmental due diligence (including employee interviews and sampling of any
media or wastewater) except in accordance with this Section 12.1. All activities
of Buyer regarding environmental due diligence shall be conducted to minimize
any inconvenience or interruption of the normal use and enjoyment of the
Business and the Assets.

             (b) Delivery of Environmental Reports. Seller has made available to
Buyer before the date of execution of this Agreement copies of all written
environmental audits, reports or studies in Seller's possession of which Seller
has Knowledge and which were prepared after December 31, 1996, concerning the
existence or possible existence of Hazardous Materials on, or under or adjacent
to any of the Real Property or relating to potential Environmental Liability of
Seller in connection with the Business or the Assets. Buyer shall provide to
Seller copies of all reports, assessments and other information composed or
compiled by Buyer or Buyer's environmental consultant(s) promptly following
Buyer's receipt thereof. Buyer shall treat all such information delivered to, or
composed or compiled by, Buyer or Buyer's environmental consultant(s) as
Environmental Data in accordance with the procedures of Section 12.1(c).

             (c) Confidentiality of Environmental Data. All audits, reports and
studies delivered to or prepared by Buyer and all other information collected
and generated as a result of Buyer's environmental due diligence ("Environmental
Data") will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Confidentiality
Agreement, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Section 12.1. Neither
Buyer nor its environmental consultant(s) shall disclose or release any
Environmental Data without the prior written consent of Seller and all such
information shall be kept strictly confidential. The Environmental Data shall be
prepared at the request of counsel to Buyer and, to the fullest extent permitted
by law, shall be the work product of such counsel and constitute confidential
attorney/client communications. The Environmental Data shall be transferred
among Buyer and its consultant(s) in a manner that will preserve, to the
greatest extent possible, such privileges. Buyer expressly agrees that until the
Closing, it will not distribute the Environmental Data to any third party
without Seller's prior written consent. After the Closing, each Party agrees
that it will not distribute the Environmental Data to any third party without
the other's prior written consent, except as required by law or by express
provisions of its corporate compliance program if the other Party is provided
written notice at least ten (10) days prior to such distribution, provided,
however, that for a period of two (2) years after the Closing Date, Buyer may
distribute the Environmental Data to any potential purchaser of the Assets only
after first notifying the Seller.

             (d) Environmental Consultants. Buyer may retain one or more outside
environmental consultants to assist in its environmental due diligence
concerning the Assets and shall notify Seller of the environmental consultant or
consultants Buyer intends to retain. Thereafter, Seller shall have five (5) days
after receipt of such notification to notify Buyer in writing of Seller's
objection (which must be for good cause) and substantiate the basis for that
objection. If Seller does not object

                                       43
<PAGE>

for good cause and substantiate that objection within said five (5) day period,
Seller shall be deemed to have consented to Buyer's selection.

             (e) Phase I Reviews. Buyer has conducted various environmental
assessment activities with respect to the Assets, including reviewing existing
environmental reports, correspondence, permits and related materials regarding
the Assets, but excluding inspecting individual sites. Buyer may not conduct any
further Phase I environmental assessment activities with respect to the Assets
without the prior written consent of Seller, which consent may be withheld,
conditioned or delayed by Seller in its sole discretion. Any permitted Phase I
environmental assessment activities shall not include any sampling or intrusive
testing.

             (f) Phase II Reviews. Buyer may not conduct any Phase II
environmental assessment activities with respect to the Assets (including, but
not limited to, the taking and analysis of soil, surface water and groundwater
samples, testing of buildings, drilling wells, taking soil borings and
excavating) without the prior written consent of Seller, which consent may be
withheld, conditioned or delayed by Seller in its sole discretion.

             (g) Additional Due Diligence. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if
prior to Closing Seller receives notice of any Proceeding or Threatened
Proceeding arising under Environmental Laws or if Seller otherwise acquires
Knowledge that is reasonably likely to require a change to Schedule 5.14, Seller
promptly shall notify Buyer of the same and Buyer may request that Seller
authorize Buyer to conduct specific additional environmental due diligence
measures if and to the extent that such measures are required to determine the
extent of any potential Environmental Liability relating thereto. Such
authorization shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed by
Seller. Any such additional environmental due diligence shall be conducted at
Buyer's sole expense.

             (h) Indemnity for Due Diligence Activities. Buyer hereby agrees to
indemnify and hold harmless Seller, Seller's Affiliates and their respective
officers, directors, employees, agents, successors and assigns from and against
any and all Losses with respect to persons or property arising out of or
resulting from any site visit by Buyer or its environmental consultant(s) and
resulting from an act or omission of Buyer or its environmental consultant(s),
provided, however, that such indemnity shall not extend to Losses resulting from
the discovery of pre-existing damage or other pre-existing conditions of the
Assets.

                                  ARTICLE XIII
                                 INDEMNIFICATION

         Section 13.1 Indemnification by Seller. From and after Closing and
subject to the other provisions of this Article XIII, Seller shall indemnify and
hold harmless Buyer, its Representatives, Affiliates, successors and permitted
assigns (collectively, the "Buyer Indemnitees") from and against any and all
Losses arising out of or resulting from:

             (a) any representations and warranties made by Seller in this
Agreement not being true and correct when made or when required by this
Agreement to be true and correct, or any breach or default by Seller in the
performance of its covenants, agreements, or obligations under this Agreement
required to be performed prior to Closing;

             (b) any breach or default by Seller in the performance of its
covenants, agreements, or obligations under this Agreement required to be
performed after Closing; and

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<PAGE>

             (c) the Retained Liabilities, including the Retained Environmental
Liabilities.

         Section 13.2 Indemnification by Buyer. From and after Closing and
subject to the other provisions of this Article XIII, Buyer shall indemnify and
hold harmless Seller, its Representatives, Affiliates, successors and permitted
assigns (collectively, the "Seller Indemnitees") from and against any and all
Losses arising out of or resulting from:

             (a) any representations and warranties made by Buyer in this
Agreement not being true and correct when made or when required by this
Agreement to be true and correct, or any breach or default by Buyer in the
performance of its covenants, agreements, or obligations under this Agreement
required to be performed prior to Closing;

             (b) any breach or default by Buyer in the performance of its
covenants, agreements, or obligations under this Agreement required to be
performed after Closing; and

             (c) Assumed Liabilities, including the Assumed Environmental
Liabilities.

         Section 13.3 Limitations on Liability. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary in this Agreement, the liability of Seller and Buyer under this
Agreement and any documents delivered in connection herewith or contemplated
hereby shall be limited as follows:

             (a) IN NO EVENT SHALL SELLER BE LIABLE TO THE BUYER INDEMNITEES, OR
SHALL BUYER BE LIABLE TO THE SELLER INDEMNITEES, FOR ANY EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE,
SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, REMOTE OR SPECULATIVE DAMAGES; provided,
however, that if Buyer or Seller is held liable to a third party for any of such
damages and Seller or Buyer, respectively is obligated to indemnify the other
for the matter that gave rise to such damages, then Seller or Buyer, as
appropriate, shall be liable for, and obligated to reimburse the other for, such
damages.

             (b) Except as provided below, the representations, warranties,
covenants and agreements of Seller and Buyer set forth in this Agreement shall
survive the Closing for the applicable period of time set forth below in this
Section 13.3(b), and all representations, warranties, covenants and agreements
of Seller and Buyer under this Agreement and the indemnities granted by Seller
and Buyer in Section 13.1 or Section 13.2, respectively, shall terminate at 5:00
p.m., local time in Stamford, Connecticut, on the appropriate anniversary of the
Closing Date or on the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations (or
extensions or waivers thereof), as the case may be, as set forth below in this
Section 13.3(b); provided, however, that such indemnities shall survive with
respect only to the specific matters that is the subject of a proper Claim
Notice delivered in good faith in compliance with the requirements of this
Section 13.3 until the earlier to occur of (A) the date on which a final
nonappealable resolution of the matter described in such Claim Notice has been
reached or (B) the date on which the matter described in such Claim Notice has
otherwise reached final resolution.

                  (1) The representations and warranties of Seller contained in
Section 5.9 (Taxes), the covenants and agreements of Seller relating to Taxes,
and the related indemnity obligations of Seller contained in Section 13.1 shall
terminate on, and no action or claim with respect thereto may be brought
following, the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations (or
extensions or waivers thereof).

                  (2) The representations and warranties of Seller contained in
Section 5.5 (Title to Assets; Liens) and the related indemnity obligations of
Seller contained in Section 13.1 shall

                                       45
<PAGE>

terminate on, and no action or claim with respect thereto may be brought after,
the third anniversary of the Closing Date.

                  (3) The representations and warranties of Sellers contained in
Section 5.14 (Environmental Matters) and the related indemnity obligations of
Sellers contained in Section 13.1 shall terminate on, and no action or claim
with respect thereto may be brought after, the fourth anniversary of the Closing
Date.

                  (4) All other representations and warranties of Seller and
Buyer contained in this Agreement and the related indemnity obligations of Buyer
and Seller contained in this Agreement shall terminate on, and no further action
or claim with respect thereto may be brought after, the second anniversary of
the Closing Date.

                  (5) Except as set forth in the proviso to this clause (5), the
indemnity obligations of Seller contained in Section 13.1 with respect to any
Retained Liability shall terminate on, and no action or claim with respect
thereto may be brought after, the second anniversary of the Closing Date,
provided that the indemnity obligations of Seller contained in Section 13.1 for
(i) Retained Liabilities relating to Taxes shall survive until the expiration of
the applicable statute of limitations (or extensions or waivers thereof); (ii)
Retained Environmental Liabilities with respect to which Seller had no Knowledge
as of the Closing Date shall survive until the fourth anniversary of the Closing
Date; and (iii) Retained Liabilities described in Sections 2.3(a), (c) and (d),
Retained Liabilities relating to the Proceedings listed in Schedule 2.2(b) as
Retained Liabilities, and any Disclosed Pre-Closing Liability (and any liability
or obligation that would have been a Disclosed Pre-Closing Liability had Seller
disclosed such liability or obligation to Buyer if Seller had Knowledge of such
liability or obligation as of the Closing Date) shall survive for an unlimited
period of time. The Retained Liabilities described in clauses (i) and (iii) of
this Section 13.3(b)(5) are collectively referred to hereinafter as the
"Specified Retained Liabilities.

                  (6) The indemnity obligations of Buyer contained in Section
13.2 with respect to any Assumed Liability shall survive for an unlimited period
of time.

                  (7) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Parties acknowledge
that Buyer shall be entitled to indemnification by Seller for Losses incurred by
Buyer in respect of any intentional or reckless misrepresentation or omission or
fraud by Seller without any time limitation (it being understood that the
failure to cure a breach shall not, by itself, be an intentional or reckless act
or omission).

In no event shall any amounts be recovered from Seller or Buyer under Section
13.1 or Section 13.2, respectively, or otherwise for any matter for which a
Claim Notice is not delivered to Seller or Buyer, as the case may be, prior to
the close of business on the applicable date set forth above.

             (c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement,
Seller shall not be required to indemnify the Buyer Indemnities, or be otherwise
liable in any way whatsoever to the Buyer Indemnitees, for any Losses (other
than Losses incurred by Buyer in respect of the Specified Retained Liabilities
and any intentional or reckless misrepresentation or omission or fraud by
Seller, it being understood that the failure to cure a breach shall not, by
itself, be an intentional or reckless act or omission (the "First-Dollar
Losses")) until the Buyer Indemnitees have suffered Losses (determined after
giving effect to the provisions of Section 13.3(f) and other than First-Dollar
Losses) that, when taken together with all other claims for Losses (other than
First-Dollar Losses) under Section 13.1 of each of the Related Purchase
Agreements, are in excess of a deductible in an amount equal to two percent (2%)
of the total of the Purchase Price plus the aggregate gross purchase price set
forth in each Related

                                       46
<PAGE>

Purchase Agreement that is consummated, after which point Seller will be
obligated only to indemnify the Buyer Indemnitees from and against further
Losses other than First-Dollar Losses in excess of such deductible. Buyer shall
be entitled to indemnification for all First-Dollar Losses.

             (d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement,
Seller shall not be required to indemnify the Buyer Indemnitees, or be otherwise
liable in any way whatsoever to the Buyer Indemnitees, for any Losses (other
than First-Dollar Losses) that, when combined with the aggregate amount of
Losses (other than First-Dollar Losses) that are subject to indemnification by
Seller under Section 13.1 of the Related Purchase Agreements, are in excess of
an amount equal to five percent (5%) of the total of the Purchase Price plus the
aggregate gross purchase price set forth in each Related Purchase Agreement that
is consummated. Buyer shall be entitled to indemnification for all First-Dollar
Losses.

             (e) Except to the extent otherwise expressly provided in this
Agreement, no right to indemnification under this Article XIII shall be limited
by reason of any investigation conducted by any Party at any time or by the
decision by a Party to complete the Closing. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
Buyer acknowledges that Seller's indemnity obligations contained in Section 13.1
are subject to the applicable limitations set forth in Section 13.3, and that
certain obligations and liabilities of Seller are included among the Assumed
Liabilities.

             (f) Neither Party shall have liability for any claim or Loss (A)
that is covered by insurance for which the other Party recovers payments in
respect of such Loss or with respect to which the other Party otherwise recovers
payments in respect of such Loss from any other sources (whether in a lump sum
or stream of payments) or (B) that is the type normally recoverable by the
Business through rates, but in each case only to the extent of such payments or
recovery. With respect to insurance proceeds only, such recovery shall be
calculated net of the insured party's out-of-pocket costs relating to claim
preparation and settlement. With respect to recovery through rates, if the
amount of the Losses that is included in rates is not specifically adjudicated
in the related Final Order, the amount of the Losses included in rates will be
calculated as follows: (i) if the cost associated with the Losses is booked as
an item of operating expense, the amount of such expense included in rates will
be the result of the ratio where total test period operating expenses allowed
for ratemaking purposes in such Final Order is the numerator and Buyer's total
requested test period operating expenses (including the Losses) is the
denominator; (ii) if the cost associated with the Losses is booked as an item of
rate base, the amount of such rate base included in rates will be the result of
the ratio where total test period rate base allowed for ratemaking purposes in
such Final Order is the numerator and Buyer's total requested test period rate
base (including the Losses) is the denominator. Buyer agrees to use its
commercially reasonable efforts to give timely and effective written notice to
the appropriate insurance carrier(s) of any occurrence or circumstances which,
in the judgment of Buyer consistent with its customary risk management
practices, appear likely to give rise to a claim against Buyer that is likely to
involve one or more insurance policies of Buyer. Any such notice shall be given
in good faith by Buyer without regard to the possibility of indemnification
payments by Seller under Section 13.1, and shall be processed by Buyer in good
faith and in a manner consistent with its risk management practices involving
claims for which no third party contractual indemnification is available. Buyer
agrees that (i) if it is entitled to receive payment from Seller for a Loss, and
(ii) if Buyer has obtained insurance which may cover the claim or matter giving
rise to such Loss, then (iii) such insurance shall be primary coverage and Buyer
will make a claim under such insurance (if such claim can be made in good faith)
before enforcing its right to receive payment from Seller. If at any time
subsequent to the receipt by a Buyer Indemnitee of an indemnity payment from
Seller hereunder, such Buyer Indemnitee (or any Affiliate thereof) receives any
recovery, settlement or other similar payment with respect to the Loss for which
it receives such indemnity payment, such Buyer Indemnitee shall promptly pay to
Seller an amount equal to the amount of such recovery, less (for insurance
proceeds only) any out-of-pocket costs

                                       47
<PAGE>

incurred by such Buyer Indemnitee (or its Affiliates) in connection with claim
preparation and settlement, but in no event shall any such payment exceed the
amount of such indemnity payment; provided, that if such net recovery reduces
the amount of Losses actually incurred by the Buyer Indemnitees to an amount
that is then below the deductible amount set forth in Section 13.3(c) and if
Seller has made other payments to the Buyer Indemnitees for other Losses in
excess of such deductible amount, then Buyer also shall promptly pay to Seller
an amount equal to the portion of such payments made by Seller that Seller would
not have been obligated to make pursuant to Section 13.3(c) had the Losses of
the Buyer Indemnitees not included the Losses covered by such net recovery. No
other cost or expense relating to any such recovery shall reduce the amount of
such payment to Seller.

             (g) Notwithstanding any language contained in any Related Document
(including deeds and other conveyance documents relating to the Real Property),
the representations and warranties of Seller set forth in this Agreement will
not be merged into any such Related Document and the indemnification obligations
of Seller, and the limitations on such obligations, set forth in this Agreement
shall control. No provision set forth in any such Related Document shall be
deemed to enlarge, alter or amend the terms or provisions of this Agreement.

         Section 13.4  Claims Procedure.

             (a) All claims for indemnification under Section 13.1 or 13.2, or
any other provision of this Agreement except as otherwise expressly provided in
this Agreement, shall be asserted and resolved pursuant to this Article XIII.
Any Person claiming indemnification hereunder referred to as the "Indemnified
Party" and any Person against whom such claims are asserted hereunder is
hereinafter referred to as the "Indemnifying Party." In the event that any
Losses are asserted against or sought to be collected from an Indemnified Party
by a third party, said Indemnified Party shall with reasonable promptness
provide to the Indemnifying Party a Claim Notice. The Indemnifying Party shall
be relieved of its obligations to indemnify the Indemnified Party with respect
to any such Losses only to the extent the Indemnified Party's delay in notifying
the Indemnifying Party thereof in accordance with the provisions of this
Agreement so prejudice the Indemnifying Party's ability to defend against the
Losses. The Indemnifying Party shall have twenty (20) days from the personal
delivery or receipt of the Claim Notice (the "Notice Period") to notify the
Indemnified Party (i) whether or not it disputes the liability of the
Indemnifying Party to the Indemnified Party hereunder with respect to such
Losses and/or (ii) whether or not it desires, at the sole cost and expense of
the Indemnifying Party, to defend the Indemnified Party against such Losses;
provided, however, that any Indemnified Party is hereby authorized prior to and
during the Notice Period to file any motion, answer or other pleading that it
shall deem necessary or appropriate to protect its interests or those of the
Indemnifying Party (and of which it shall have given notice and opportunity to
comment to the Indemnifying Party) and not prejudicial to the Indemnifying
Party. In the event that the Indemnifying Party notifies the Indemnified Party
within the Notice Period that it desires to defend the Indemnified Party against
such Losses, the Indemnifying Party shall have the right to defend all
appropriate proceedings, and with counsel of its own choosing, which proceedings
shall be promptly settled or prosecuted by them to a final conclusion. If the
Indemnified Party desires to participate in, but not control, any such defense
or settlement it may do so at its sole cost and expense. If requested by the
Indemnifying Party, the Indemnified Party agrees to cooperate with the
Indemnifying Party and its counsel in contesting any Losses that the
Indemnifying Party elects to contest or, if appropriate and related to the claim
in question, in making any counterclaim against the Person asserting the third
party Losses, or any cross-complaint against any Person. No claim may be settled
or otherwise compromised without the prior written consent of both the
Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party.

             (b) The Indemnified Party shall provide reasonable assistance to
the Indemnifying Party and provide access to its books, records and personnel as
the Indemnifying Party reasonably

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<PAGE>

requests in connection with the investigation or defense of the Losses. The
Indemnifying Party shall promptly upon receipt of reasonable supporting
documentation reimburse the Indemnified Party for out-of-pocket costs and
expenses incurred by the latter in providing the requested assistance.

             (c) With regard to third party claims for which Buyer or Seller is
entitled to indemnification under Section 13.1 or 13.2, such indemnification
shall be paid by the Indemnifying Party upon: (i) the entry of an Order against
the Indemnified Party and the expiration of any applicable appeal period; or
(ii) a settlement with the consent of the Indemnifying Party, provided that no
such consent need be obtained if the Indemnifying Party fails to respond to the
Claim Notice as provided in Section 13.4(a). Notwithstanding the foregoing but
subject to Section 13.4(a), and provided that there is no dispute as to the
applicability of indemnification, expenses of counsel to the Indemnified Party
shall be reimbursed on a current basis by the Indemnifying Party as if such
expenses are a liability of the Indemnifying Party.

         Section 13.5 Exclusive Remedy. Except as otherwise provided in Section
6.4, the rights, remedies and obligations of the Buyer Indemnitees and the
Seller Indemnitees set forth in this Article XIII will be the exclusive rights,
remedies and obligations of such Persons after the Closing with respect to this
Agreement, the events giving rise to this Agreement and the transactions
provided for herein or contemplated hereby or thereby. No Proceeding for
termination or rescission, or claiming repudiation, of this Agreement or the
Bill of Sale may be brought or maintained by either party against the other
following the Closing Date no matter how severe, grave or fundamental any
breach, default or nonperformance may be by one party. Accordingly, the parties
hereby expressly waive and forego any and all rights they may possess to bring
any such Proceeding.

         Section 13.6 Indemnification for Negligence. WITHOUT LIMITING OR
ENLARGING THE SCOPE OF THE INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS SET FORTH IN THIS
AGREEMENT, AN INDEMNIFIED PARTY SHALL BE ENTITLED TO INDEMNIFICATION HEREUNDER
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS HEREOF, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THE LOSS OR CLAIM
GIVING RISE TO SUCH INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATION IS THE RESULT OF THE SOLE,
CONCURRENT OR COMPARATIVE NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, VIOLATION OF ANY LAW OR
OTHER LEGAL FAULT OF OR BY SUCH INDEMNIFIED PARTY. THE PARTIES AGREE THAT THIS
PARAGRAPH CONSTITUTES A CONSPICUOUS LEGEND.

                                       49
<PAGE>

         Section 13.7  Waiver and Release.

             (a) Buyer, on behalf of itself and each other Buyer Indemnitee,
hereby forever waives, relieves, releases and discharges the Seller Indemnitees
and their successors and assigns from any and all rights, liabilities,
Proceedings (including future Proceedings) and Losses of any Buyer Indemnitee,
whether known or unknown at the Closing Date, which any Buyer Indemnitee has or
incurs, or may in the future have or incur, arising out of or related to any
Assumed Environmental Liability.

             (b) Seller, on behalf of itself and each other Seller Indemnitee,
hereby forever waives, relieves, releases and discharges to Buyer Indemnitees
and their successors and assigns from any and all rights, liabilities,
Proceedings (including future Proceedings) and Losses of any Seller Indemnitee,
whether known or unknown at the Closing Date, which any Seller Indemnitee has or
incurs, or may in the future have or incur, arising out of or related to any
Retained Environmental Liabilities.

                                   ARTICLE XIV
                               GENERAL PROVISIONS

         Section 14.1 Expenses. Except as otherwise specifically provided
herein, each Party will pay all costs and expenses of its performance of and
compliance with this Agreement, except Buyer will pay all real estate transfer
taxes and real estate recording fees, if any, including expenses of counsel
associated with real estate title, transfer and recording issues.

         Section 14.2 Notices. All notices, requests and other communications
hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given upon
receipt if either (a) personally delivered, (b) sent by prepaid first class
mail, and registered or certified and a return receipt requested (c) sent by
overnight delivery via a nationally recognized carrier or (d) by facsimile with
completed transmission acknowledged:

                  If to Seller, to:

                  Citizens Utilities Company
                  High Ridge Park
                  Stamford, CT 06905
                  Attention:   Robert J. DeSantis
                  Telecopier:  (203) 614-4625

                  with a copy to:

                  Citizens Utilities Company
                  High Ridge Park
                  Stamford, CT 06905
                  Attention:   L. Russell Mitten, II
                  Telecopier:  (203) 614-4651

                                       50
<PAGE>

                  and:

                  Citizens Utilities Company
                  High Ridge Park
                  Stamford, CT 06905
                  Attention:   J. Michael Love
                  Telecopier:  (203) 614-5201

                  and:

                  Fleischman and Walsh, L.L.P.
                  1400 Sixteenth Street, N.W.
                  Washington, D.C.  20036
                  Attention: Jeffry L. Hardin
                  Telecopier:  (202) 387-3467

                  If to Buyer, to:

                  Cap Rock Energy
                  500 W. Wall Street, Suite 400
                  Midland, TX 79701
                  Attention: John D. Parker
                  Telecopier: (915) 684-0333

                  with a copy to:
                  Heller Ehrman White & McAuliffe LLP
                  701 Fifth Avenue, Suite 6100
                  Seattle, WA 98104-7098
                  Attention: Bruce M. Pym
                  Telecopier: (206) 447-0849

or at such other address or number as shall be given in writing by a party to
the other party.

         Section 14.3 Assignment. This Agreement may not be assigned, by
operation of law or otherwise, by any party hereto without the prior written
consent of the other party hereto, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld;
provided, however, in the event of any such assignment by a party by operation
of law without the consent of the other party as required above, such other
party may consent to such assignment after it has occurred and, in such event,
this Agreement and all the provisions hereof shall be binding upon the Person
receiving such assignment by operation of law. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
(a) Buyer may assign this Agreement, without the prior written consent of
Seller, to any direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Buyer provided such
subsidiary assumes in writing all of the duties and obligations of Buyer
hereunder (provided that no such assignment by Buyer shall in any way operate to
enlarge, alter or change any obligation due to Seller or relieve Buyer of its
obligations hereunder if such subsidiary fails to perform such obligations, with
the understanding that Buyer shall be jointly and severally liable with such
subsidiary for any nonperformance of Buyer's obligations hereunder); and (b)
Seller may assign all or part of its rights or delegate all or part of its
duties under this Agreement, without the prior written consent of Buyer, to a
qualified intermediary chosen by Seller to structure all or part of the
transactions contemplated hereby as a like-kind exchange of property covered by
Section 1031 of the IRC (provided that no such assignment by Seller shall in any
way operate to enlarge, alter or change any obligations due to Buyer or relieve
Seller of its obligations hereunder if such qualified intermediary fails to
perform such obligations, with the understanding that Seller shall be

                                       51
<PAGE>

jointly and severally liable with such qualified intermediary for any
nonperformance of Seller's obligations hereunder).

         Section 14.4 Successor Bound. Subject to the provisions of Section
14.3, this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the
parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns.

         Section 14.5 Governing Law. The validity, performance, and enforcement
of this Agreement and all Related Documents, unless expressly provided to the
contrary, shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware without giving
effect to the principles of conflicts of law of such state.

         Section 14.6 Dispute Resolution. Except as otherwise provided in
Sections 3.3(c) and 6.4, and this Section 14.6, any dispute, controversy or
claim between the parties relating to, arising out of or in connection with this
Agreement (or any subsequent agreements or amendments thereto), including as to
its existence, enforceability, validity, interpretation, performance or breach
or as to indemnification or damages, including claims in tort, whether arising
before or after the termination of this Agreement (any such dispute, controversy
or claim being herein referred to as a "Dispute") shall be settled without
litigation and only by use of the following alternative dispute resolution
procedure:

                  (a) At the written request of a party, each party shall
appoint a knowledgeable, responsible representative to meet and negotiate in
good faith to resolve any Dispute. The discussions shall be left to the
discretion of the representatives. Upon agreement, the representatives may
utilize other alternative dispute resolution procedures such as mediation to
assist in the negotiations. Discussions and correspondence among the parties'
representatives for purposes of these negotiations shall be treated as
confidential information developed for the purposes of settlement, exempt from
discovery and production, and without the concurrence of both parties shall not
be admissible in the arbitration described below, or in any lawsuit. Documents
identified in or provided with such communications, which are not prepared for
purposes of the negotiations, are not so exempted and may, if otherwise
admissible, be admitted in the arbitration.

                  (b) If negotiations between the representatives of the parties
do not resolve the Dispute within 60 days of the initial written request, the
Dispute shall be submitted to binding arbitration by a single arbitrator
pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules, as then amended and in effect, of
the American Arbitration Association (the "Rules"). Either party may demand such
arbitration in accordance with the procedures set out in the Rules. The
arbitration shall take place in Phoenix, Arizona. The arbitration hearing shall
be commenced within 60 days of such party's demand for arbitration. The
arbitrator shall have the power to and will instruct each party to produce
evidence through discovery (i) that is reasonably requested by the other party
to the arbitration in order to prepare and substantiate its case and (ii) the
production of which will not materially delay the expeditious resolution of the
dispute being arbitrated; each party hereto agrees to be bound by any such
discovery order. The arbitrator shall control the scheduling (so as to process
the matter expeditiously) and any discovery. The parties may submit written
briefs. At the arbitration hearing, each party may make written and oral
presentations to the arbitrator, present testimony and written evidence and
examine witnesses. No party shall be eligible to receive, and the arbitrator
shall not have the authority to award, exemplary or punitive damages. The
arbitrator shall rule on the Dispute by issuing a written opinion within 30 days
after the close of hearings. The arbitrator's decision shall be binding and
final. Judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrator may be entered in any
court having jurisdiction.

                                       52
<PAGE>

                  (c) Each party will bear its own costs and expenses in
submitting and presenting its position with respect to any Dispute to the
arbitrator; provided, however, that if the arbitrator determines that the
position taken in the Dispute by the nonprevailing party taken as a whole is
unreasonable, the arbitrator may order the nonprevailing party to bear such fees
and expenses, and reimburse the prevailing party for all or such portion of its
reasonable costs and expenses in submitting and presenting its position, as the
arbitrator shall reasonably determine to be fair under the circumstances. Each
party to the arbitration shall pay one-half of the fees and expenses of the
arbitrator and the American Arbitration Association.

                  (d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, (i)
either party may commence an action to compel compliance with this Section 14.6
and (ii) if any party, as part of a Dispute, seeks injunctive relief or any
other equitable remedy, including specific enforcement, then such party shall be
permitted to seek such injunctive or equitable relief in any federal or state
court or competent jurisdiction before, during or after the pendency of a
mediation or arbitration proceed under this Section 14.6.

         Section 14.7 Cooperation. Each of the parties hereto agrees to use its
commercially reasonable best efforts to take or cause to be taken all action,
and to do or cause to be done all things necessary, proper or advisable under
applicable laws, regulations or otherwise, to consummate and to make effective
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including, without limitation,
the timely performance of all actions and things contemplated by this Agreement
to be taken or done by each of the parties hereto.

         Section 14.8 Construction of Agreement. The terms and provisions of
this Agreement represent the results of negotiations between Buyer and Seller,
each of which has been represented by counsel of its own choosing, and neither
of which has acted under duress or compulsion, whether legal, economic or
otherwise. Accordingly, the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be
interpreted and construed in accordance with their usual and customary meanings,
and Buyer and Seller hereby waive the application in connection with the
interpretation and construction of this Agreement of any rule of law to the
effect that ambiguous or conflicting terms or provisions contained in this
Agreement shall be interpreted or construed against the party whose attorney
prepared the executed draft or any earlier draft of this Agreement. The word
"including" in this Agreement shall mean including without limitation. Words in
the singular shall be held to include the plural and vice versa and words of one
gender shall be held to include the other genders as the context requires. The
terms "hereof," "herein," and "herewith" and words of similar import shall,
unless otherwise stated, be construed to refer to this Agreement as a whole
(including all of the Schedules and Exhibits hereto) and not to any particular
provision of this Agreement, and Article, Section, paragraph, Exhibit and
Schedule references are to the Articles, Sections, paragraphs, Exhibits and
Schedules to this Agreement unless otherwise specified.

                                       53
<PAGE>

         Section 14.9 Publicity. No party hereto shall issue, make or cause the
publication of any press release or other announcement with respect to this
Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, or otherwise make any
disclosures relating thereto, without the prior written consent of the other
party, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed; provided,
however, that such consent shall not be required where such release or
announcement is required by applicable law or the rules or regulations of a
securities exchange, in which event the party so required to issue such release
or announcement shall endeavor, wherever possible, to furnish an advance copy of
the proposed release to the other party.

         Section 14.10 Waiver. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this
Agreement, neither the failure nor any delay on the part of any party to
exercise any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver
thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise or waiver of any such right,
power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise thereof, or the
exercise of any other right, power or privilege available to each party at law
or in equity.

         Section 14.11 Parties in Interest. This Agreement (including the
documents and instruments referred to herein) is not intended to confer upon any
Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors and permitted
assigns, any rights or remedies hereunder; provided, however, that the
indemnification provisions in Article XIII shall inure to the benefit of the
Buyer Indemnitees and the Seller Indemnitees as provided therein.

         Section 14.12 Section and Paragraph Headings. The section and paragraph
headings in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect
in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.

         Section 14.13 Amendment. This  Agreement may be amended only by an
instrument in writing  executed by the parties hereto.

         Section 14.14 Entire Agreement. This Agreement, the Exhibits and
Schedules hereto and the documents specifically referred to herein and the
Confidentiality Agreement constitute the entire agreement, understanding,
representations and warranties of the parties hereto, and supersede all prior
agreements, both written and oral, between Buyer and Seller. All Exhibits and
Schedules annexed hereto or referred to herein are hereby incorporated in and
made a part of this Agreement as if set forth in full herein. Disclosure of any
fact or item in any Schedule referenced by a particular paragraph or Section in
this Agreement shall, should such fact or item or its contents be expressly or
obviously related to any other paragraph or Section, be deemed to be disclosed
with respect to that other paragraph or Section whether or not any explicit
cross-reference appears therein.

         Section 14.15 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in multiple
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which
together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

                                       54
<PAGE>

         Section 14.16 Severability. If any term or other provision of this
Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any rule of law
or public policy, all other conditions and provisions of this Agreement shall
nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal
substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner
materially adverse to any party. Upon such determination that any term or other
provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the parties hereto
shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the
original intent of the parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner to
the end that transactions contemplated hereby are fulfilled to the greatest
extent possible.

                      [SIGNATURES APPEAR ON FOLLOWING PAGE]

                                       55
<PAGE>

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this
Agreement as of the date first written above.

                                      CITIZENS UTILITIES COMPANY

                                      By:
                                          ------------------------------------
                                          Robert J. DeSantis, Chief Financial
                                          Officer and Vice President

                                      CAP ROCK ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE

                                      By:
                                          ------------------------------------
                                          Name:
                                          Title:

                                      CAP ROCK ENERGY CORPORATION

                                      By:
                                          ------------------------------------
                                          Name:
                                          Title:

    [Signature page to Purchase and Sale Agreement (Vermont Electric) between
 Citizens Utilities Company, Cap Rock Electric Cooperative and Cap Rock Energy
                  Corporation, dated as of February 11, 2000.]

                                       56

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