Document:

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                                                                    EXHIBIT 10.3

                                                               EXECUTION VERSION

       AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

      THIS AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT
(this "AMENDMENT") is made and entered into as of January 26, 2005 (the "FOURTH
AMENDMENT DATE") by and between NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., and its
affiliates, if any (collectively, the "COMPANY"), a Delaware corporation with
offices at 22322 20th Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., and its designees (collectively, "INVESTOR"), a Delaware
limited partnership with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814.
All capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the
meaning given such terms in the Agreement (as defined below).

                                    RECITALS

      WHEREAS, the Company and Investor have entered into that certain Amended
and Restated Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2004 (the
"AGREEMENT");

      WHEREAS, on October 22, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement;

      WHEREAS, on November 10, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement;

      WHEREAS, on December 27, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement;

      WHEREAS, the Company and Investor desire to further amend the Agreement to
make such changes to the Agreement as are set forth herein; and

      WHEREAS, Section 4.13(f) of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may
be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by the Company and
Investor.

                                    AMENDMENT

      NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual promises and
covenants set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and
Investor hereby agree as follows:

1.    Section 2.2(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the phrase "
and, to the extent that Investor determines in its sole discretion to do so,
during the Equity Financing Period" immediately following "Bridge Period" in the
first sentence thereof.

2.    Section 2.3 (c) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the phrase
"(including any Bridge Funding provided by Investor during the Equity Financing
Period)" immediately following "Subsequent Bridge Funding, if any" in the first
sentence thereof.

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                                                               EXECUTION VERSION

3.    Section 3.3 of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new subsection
3.3(c) immediately following Section 3.3(b) thereof, as follows:

      "(c)  Board of Directors Composition: On the Fourth Amendment Date, the
      authorized number of directors shall be one (1). The authorized number of
      directors may not be increased or decreased without the consent of the
      holders of a majority of the shares of Convertible Preferred Stock. The
      holders of a majority of the shares of Convertible Preferred Stock, acting
      in their sole discretion, may require the Company to increase the total
      number of authorized directors at any time following the Fourth Amendment
      Date, up to a maximum of seven (7) directors. Subject to the limitation in
      the following sentence, any newly created directorships shall be
      designated by the holders of a majority of the shares of Convertible
      Preferred Stock, acting in their sole discretion, to be filled by either:
      (i) an outside director with significant industry experience, who is
      reasonably acceptable to the holders of a majority of the Convertible
      Preferred Stock, to be elected by the holders of the Company's Common
      Stock (which may, subject to applicable law, the Charter or the Bylaws, be
      filled initially by vote of the remaining director(s)) (a "COMMON
      DIRECTORSHIP"); or (ii) a director to be designated by the holders of a
      majority of the Convertible Preferred Stock (a "PREFERRED DIRECTORSHIP").
      Notwithstanding the foregoing, no more than four (4) directorships shall
      be designated as Preferred Directorships, no more than two (2)
      directorships shall be designated as Common Directorships, and one (1)
      director shall be the chief executive officer of the Company."

4.    Section 4.7.15 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
entirety as follows:

            "4.7.15 Liabilities. The Company has the following accrued
      liabilities: (i) tax liabilities to the State of Washington in the maximum
      amount of $486,000, (ii) amounts payable to Cognate Therapeutics and (iii)
      future sublease payments to MediQuest Corporation for the Company's
      premises sublease not yet due, and a contingent lease liability to
      Benaroya Capital Co. LLC for premises currently occupied by MediQuest
      Corporation should Mediquest Corporation default on its lease with
      Benaroya Capital Co. LLC and which is not yet due, (iv) the Company's
      aggregate accrued, contingent and/or other liabilities of any nature,
      either mature or immature, as of the Fourth Amendment Date, do not exceed
      $370,378 (excluding amounts payable to Cognate), of which (x) $243,778 are
      currently due payables (including $209,023 for attorney and auditor fees),
      (y) $52,000 are the aggregate balances of capital leases payable in
      monthly installments in the amounts set forth in the budget included in
      the Schedule of Exceptions through the first calendar quarter of 2006,
      decreasing thereafter, the last of which is fully amortized in May 2007,
      and (z) $67,000 are accrued vacation and sick pay."

5.    Exhibit B to the Agreement, as amended on December 27, 2004, is hereby
further amended by Exhibit B-2 hereto (the "SECOND AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND
RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET"). Exhibit B, as so amended,
shall be deemed to constitute the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET" for
all purposes under the Agreement and all other Related Recapitalization
Documents.

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                                                               EXECUTION VERSION

6.    Exhibit D to the Agreement is hereby amended and restated by Exhibit D
hereto. Exhibit D, as so amended and restated, shall be deemed to constitute the
"PREFERRED STOCK WARRANT" for all purposes under the Agreement and all other
Related Recapitalization Documents.

7.    Except as amended and/or restated hereby, all other terms and conditions
of the Agreement shall be unaffected hereby and remain in full force and effect.

8.    This Amendment (including the Exhibits hereto, which are an integral part
of the Amendment), together with the Agreement (including the Schedules and
Exhibits thereto, which are an integral part of the Agreement) and the Related
Recapitalization Documents, constitute the entire agreement among the parties
hereto and thereto with regard to the subjects hereof and thereof and supersede
all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof
and thereof.

9.    This Amendment shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the
State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

10.   This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which
will be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and
the same agreement.

11.   This Amendment shall take effect immediately upon execution by the Company
and Investor.

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                                                               EXECUTION VERSION

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this AMENDMENT NO. 4
TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT as of the Fourth Amendment
Date above written.

                                              NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                              By:  /s/ Alton Boynton
                                                  ------------------
                                              Name: Alton L. Boynton
                                              Title: President

                                              TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP

                                              By: /s/ Linda Powers
                                                  ----------------
                                              Name: Linda F. Powers
                                              Title: Managing Director

                                       4

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                                                               EXECUTION VERSION

                                   EXHIBIT B-2

     FORM OF SECOND AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
                                STOCK TERM SHEET

                        (See Exhibit 10.4 filed herewith)

                                       5.

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                                                               EXECUTION VERSION

                                    EXHIBIT D

                         FORM OF PREFERRED STOCK WARRANT

                        (See Exhibit 10.2 filed herewith)

                                       6.<PAGE>
                                                                    EXHIBIT 10.4

                                                               EXECUTION VERSION

                SECOND AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING
                                   TERM SHEET

      This SECOND AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET (this
"AMENDMENT") is made effective as of January 26, 2005 by and between NORTHWEST
BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("TOUCAN").

                                    RECITALS

      WHEREAS, the Company and Toucan are party to that certain Binding
Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet originally dated April 26, 2004 and
amended and restated on October 22, 2004 as further amended on December 27, 2004
(the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET").

      WHEREAS, concurrently herewith, the Company and its affiliates, if any,
and Toucan and its designees, are entering into Amendment No. 4 (the "FOURTH
AMENDMENT") to that certain Amended and Restated Recapitalization Agreement by
and between the parties thereto; and

      WHEREAS, in connection with the Fourth Amendment, the Company and Toucan
desire to amend the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet as provided herein.

                                    AGREEMENT

      NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the
Company and Toucan agree as follows:

      1.    The paragraph of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet entitled
"Board of Directors:" is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

      "The authorized number of directors shall initially be one (1). The
      authorized number of directors may not be increased or decreased without
      the consent of the holders of a majority of the shares of Convertible
      Preferred Stock. The holders of a majority of the shares of Convertible
      Preferred Stock, acting in their sole discretion, may require the Company
      to increase the total number of authorized directors at any time following
      the first closing of the Convertible Preferred Stock, up to a maximum of
      seven (7) directors. Subject to the limitation in the following sentence,
      any newly created directorships shall be designated by the holders of a
      majority of the shares of Convertible Preferred Stock, acting in their
      sole discretion, to be filled by either: (i) an outside director with
      significant industry experience, who is reasonably acceptable to the
      holders of a majority of the Convertible Preferred Stock, to be elected by
      the holders of the Company's Common Stock (which may, subject to
      applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, be filled
      initially by vote of the remaining director(s)) (a "COMMON DIRECTORSHIP");
      or (ii) a director to be designated by the holders of a majority of the
      Convertible Preferred Stock (a "PREFERRED

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                                                               EXECUTION VERSION

      DIRECTORSHIP"). Notwithstanding the foregoing, no more than four (4)
      directorships shall be designated as Preferred Directorships, no more than
      two (2) directorships shall be designated as Common Directorships, and one
      (1) director shall be the chief executive officer of the Company."

      2.    Unless specifically modified or changed by the terms of this
Amendment, all terms and conditions of the Convertible Preferred Stock Term
Sheet shall remain in effect and shall apply fully as described and set forth in
the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet.

      3.    This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute
one and the same instrument.

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                                       2.

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                                                               EXECUTION VERSION

      The Company and Toucan have executed this SECOND AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND
RESTATED BINDING TERM SHEET as of the day and year first written above.

TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, L.P.                    NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

By: /s/ Linda Powers                            By: /s/ Alton Boynton
    --------------------------                      -----------------
Name:  Linda Powers                             Name:  Alton L. Boynton
Title: Managing Director                        Title: President

                                       3.

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