Document:

EX-10.15

  
 
Exhibit 10.15
 EXECUTION COPY
 CONFIDENTIAL
  

_____________________________________________________________________
 COLLABORATION AND LICENSE AGREEMENT
 BY AND BETWEEN

NOVARTIS INSTITUTES FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, INC.
 AND

PLIANT THERAPEUTICS, INC.
 _____________________________________________________________________
  

 
  
 
 

 COLLABORATION AND LICENSE AGREEMENT
 This COLLABORATION
AND LICENSE AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") is made as of October 17, 2019 (the "Execution Date"), by and between Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of
Delaware, located at 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 ("NVS") and Pliant Therapeutics, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, located at 260 Littlefield Avenue, South San
Francisco, CA 94080 ("Pliant"). NVS and Pliant are each referred to individually as a "Party" and together as the "Parties."
 RECITALS
 WHEREAS,
Pliant is a biotechnology company that has developed a preclinical stage small molecule selective αvβ1 integrin inhibitor;
 WHEREAS, Pliant Controls Know-How and Patent Rights
(each defined below) relating to an integrin discovery platform and seeks to collaborate with NVS to identify [***];
 WHEREAS, NVS and its Affiliates possess expertise in discovering, developing,
manufacturing, marketing, and selling pharmaceutical products worldwide;
 WHEREAS, NVS desires to obtain from Pliant, and Pliant desires to grant to NVS, an exclusive license to Research, Develop, Manufacture
and Commercialize the Licensed Compound and Licensed Product, and Selected Research Compounds and Research Products (each, as defined below), subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement; and

WHEREAS, NVS desires to fund a research program that will include the identification and synthesis of novel small molecule [***].
 NOW THEREFORE, the Parties agree as
follows:
 1. DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION
 1.1 Definitions. Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms in this Agreement with initial letters capitalized shall have the meanings set forth below, or the meaning as designated
in the indicated places throughout this Agreement.
 "[***]" means [***].
 "[***]" means [***].
 "αvβ1" means
[***]
 "[***]" means [***].
 "[***]" means [***].
 "[***]" means [***].
  2

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 "Accounting Standards" means, with respect to Pliant, United States Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles ("U.S. GAAP"), and, with respect to NVS, the International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"), in each case, as generally and consistently applied throughout such Party's organization. Each Party shall promptly notify
the other in the event that it changes the Accounting Standards pursuant to which its records are maintained; provided, however, that each Party may only use internationally recognized accounting principles (e.g., IFRS, U.S.
GAAP, etc.).
 "Act" means the United States Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. §§ 301 et seq.
 "Active Ingredient" means any therapeutically active
material that provides pharmacological activity in a pharmaceutical product (excluding formulation components such as coatings, stabilizers, excipients or solvents, adjuvants, or controlled release technologies). 

"Adverse Event" means any untoward medical occurrence in a Clinical Study subject or in a patient who is administered a Product, whether or not considered related to such Product, including any undesirable sign
(including abnormal laboratory findings of clinical concern), symptom, or disease associated with the use of a Product.
 "Affiliate" means, with respect to a Party, any Person that controls, is controlled by,
or is under common control with that Party. For the purpose of this definition, "control" shall mean direct or indirect ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the shares of stock entitled to vote for the election of directors, in the case of a
corporation, or fifty percent (50%) or more of the equity interest in the case of any other type of legal entity, status as a general partner in any partnership, or any other arrangement whereby the entity or person controls or has the right to
control the board of directors or equivalent governing body of a corporation or other entity, or the ability to cause the direction of the management or policies of a corporation or other entity. In the case of entities organized under the laws of
certain countries, the maximum percentage ownership permitted by law for a foreign investor may be less than fifty percent (50%), and in such case such lower percentage shall be substituted in the preceding sentence; provided, that such
foreign investor has the power to direct the management and policies of such entity.
 "Agreement" has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph of this document.

"Agreement Patent Action" has the meaning set forth in Section 11.4(a).
 "Alliance Manager" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.

"ANDA" means an Abbreviated New Drug Application in the United States for authorization to market the Product, as defined in the applicable laws and regulations and filed with the FDA.

"Annual Net Sales" mean Net Sales of Product(s) in a Calendar Year.
 "Anti-Corruption Laws" shall mean all applicable laws, rules, and regulations regarding corruption and
bribery, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
 "Antitrust Laws" means any federal, state or foreign law, regulation or decree, including the HSR Act, designed to prohibit,
restrict or regulate actions for the purpose or effect of monopolization or restraint of trade.
 "Applicable Law" means any law, statute, ordinance, written rule or regulation, order, injunction, judgment,
decree, constitution or treaty enacted, promulgated, issued, enforced or entered by any Governmental Authority applicable to any Party or such Party's businesses, properties or assets, as may be amended from time to time, including: (a) U.S. Export
Control Laws; (b) Anti-Corruption Laws; (c) Trade Control Laws; and (d) Privacy and Data Security Laws.
  3
 
 

 
"Audited Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.12(b).
 "Auditing Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.12(b).

"Auditor" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.12(b).
 "Back-Up Compounds" means those compounds, the structures of which are shown on Exhibit B.

"Business Day" means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks are authorized or required to be closed, as the case may be, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, New York City, New
York, San Francisco, California, or Basel, Switzerland.
 "Calendar Quarter" means the respective periods of three (3) consecutive calendar months ending on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31,
except that the first Calendar Quarter of the Term shall commence on the Effective Date and the last Calendar Quarter shall end on the last day of the Term.
 "Calendar Year" means a period of twelve (12)
consecutive calendar months ending on December 31, except that the first Calendar Year of the Term shall commence on the Effective Date and the last Calendar Year of the Term shall and end on the last day of the Term.

"Candidate Target" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1.
 "cGCP" means the then-current ethical, scientific and quality standards required by FDA for designing,
conducting, recording and reporting trials that involve the participation of human subjects, as set forth in FDA regulations in 21 C.F.R. Parts 11, 50, 54, 56, and 312 and related FDA guidance documents, and by the International Conference on
Harmonization E6: Good Clinical Practices Consolidated Guideline, or the equivalent Applicable Law of an applicable Regulatory Authority.
 "cGLP" means the then-current good laboratory practice as required by
the FDA under 21 C.F.R. Part 58 and all applicable FDA rules, regulations, orders and guidances, and the requirements with respect to current good laboratory practices prescribed by the European Community, the OECD (Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development Council) and the ICH Guidelines, or the equivalent Applicable Law of an applicable Regulatory Authority.
 "cGMP" means the then-current good manufacturing practices as required by
the FDA under provisions of 21 C.F.R. Parts 210 and 211 and all applicable FDA rules, regulations, orders and guidances, and the requirements with respect to current good manufacturing practices prescribed by the European Community under provisions
of "The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Community, Volume 4, Good Manufacturing Practices, Annex 13, Manufacture of Investigational Medicinal Products, July 2003," or the equivalent Applicable Law of an applicable Regulatory
Authority.
 "Claims" means all Third Party demands, claims, actions, suits, causes of action and proceedings.
 "Clinical Quality Assurance Agreement" has the meaning set
forth in Section 8.3.
  4
 
 
 

 "Clinical Study" means a Phase 1 Study, Phase 2 Study, Phase 3 Study, or other study (including a
non-interventional study) in humans to obtain information regarding a product, including information relating to the safety, tolerability, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, dose ranging or efficacy of the product.

"Clinical Supply" means, with respect to a Product, Product Manufactured for use in Development of such Product under this Agreement.
 "Clinical Supply Agreement" has the
meaning set forth in Section 8.3.
 "CMC" means chemistry, manufacturing and controls.
 "CMO" means a Third Party contract Manufacturing organization.

"Code" means the United States Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101 et seq.
 "Combination Product" means any single pharmaceutical product in finished form
containing as active ingredients both a Product and one (1) or more other Active Ingredients that are not Licensed Compounds or Licensed Products, or Selected Research Compounds or Research Products.

"Commercial Milestone Event" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.4(a).
 "Commercial Milestone Payment" has the meaning set forth in Section
10.4(a).
 "Commercialize" means to market, promote, conduct Medical Affairs, distribute, import, export, offer to sell, use, or sell pharmaceutical products or conduct other commercialization activities,
including activities directed to obtaining Pricing Approvals, as applicable, and "Commercialization" has the correlative meaning with respect to such activities.
 "Commercially Reasonable Efforts"
[***]
 "Committee" means the Joint Steering Committee, the Joint Research Committee, the Joint Development Committee, or any other subcommittee established under Section 5.2(b), as applicable.

"Compound" means a Licensed Compound or Selected Research Compound. 
 "Confidential Information" means all Know-How and other proprietary information and data
of a financial, commercial, business, operational or technical nature that is disclosed by or on behalf of a Party or any of its Affiliates or otherwise made available to the other Party or its Affiliates, whether made available orally, in writing
or in electronic form, including information comprising or relating to concepts, discoveries, inventions, data, designs or formulae in relation to this Agreement or Compounds or Products. For clarity: (a) the terms and conditions of this Agreement
shall constitute the Confidential Information of both Parties; and (b) all Product Data solely or jointly owned by NVS under Section 11.1(a), including the reports and content thereof provided as part of the Research Program, Sales &
Royalty Reports, reports identifying Development Milestone Events,  Commercial Milestone Events or Payments will be considered Confidential Information of NVS.
 "Control" or "Controlled" means,
subject to Section 11.8, with respect to any Know-How, Patents, other Intellectual Property Rights, or any proprietary or trade secret information, the legal authority or right (whether by ownership, license or otherwise) of a Party to grant
a license or a sublicense of or under, or the right to access or use, such Know-How, Patents, or Intellectual Property Rights to another Person, or to otherwise disclose such proprietary or trade secret information to another Person, without
breaching the terms of any agreement with a Third Party or misappropriating the proprietary or trade secret information of a Third Party. 
  5

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 "Controlling Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 11.4(c).

"Cover", "Covering" or "Covered" means, with respect to a Product, that, but for a license granted to a Person under a claim included in a Patent, the Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization
of such Product in the Field in the Territory by such Person would infringe, or contribute to or induce the infringement of, such claim; it being understood that with respect to a Patent application, as if such claim was contained in an issued
Patent.
 "Damages" means all losses, liabilities, damages, taxes, costs and expenses of every kind and nature (including reasonable attorneys' fees).
 "Debarred Person"
means a Person that is: (a) debarred from or disqualified under the Act or any other governmental program; (b) on any of the FDA clinical investigator enforcement lists (including, the (i) Disqualified/Totally Restricted List, (ii) Restricted List
and (iii) Adequate Assurances List); or (c) excluded from participation in any governmental healthcare program or other federal or state program, convicted of an offense under 42 U.S.C § 1320a-7, or otherwise deemed ineligible for participation
in health care or federal or state programs. 
 "Develop" or "Development" means any and all clinical drug development activities conducted before or after obtaining Regulatory Approval that are
reasonably related to or leading to the development, preparation and submission of data and information to a Regulatory Authority for the purpose of obtaining, supporting or expanding Regulatory Approval or to the appropriate body for obtaining,
supporting or expanding Pricing Approval, including all activities related to pharmacokinetic profiling, design and conduct of Clinical Studies, regulatory affairs, statistical analysis, report writing, and Regulatory Filing creation and submission
(including the services of outside advisors and consultants in connection therewith).
 "Development Budget" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(c).

"Development Candidate Selection" means selection of a candidate Small Molecule Compound selective modulator of a Research Target for further Research and Development based on the achievement of the
following, as reasonably determined by [***]: (a) [***]; (b) [***]; (c) [***]; (d) [***]; and (e) [***]. 
 "Development Candidate Selection Date" means, on a Research Target-by-Research Target
basis, the date on which a Research Compound directed to such Research Target has achieved Development Candidate Selection, as determined by [***]. 
 "Development Costs" [***].

"Development Manufacturing Costs" [***]. 
 "Development Milestone Event" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.3.

"Development Milestone Payment" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.3.
  6

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 "Development Plan" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(b).

"Development Reimbursement Cap" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(e).  
 "Development Transfer Date" means, for a Licensed Product, the date
during the Initial Development Period on which the JSC approves the protocol for the first Hepatic Impairment Study for such Licensed Product. 
 "Dollar" or "Dollars" or "$" means the legal
tender of the United States of America.
 "Effective Date" has the meaning set forth in Section 14.1.
 "EMA" means the European Medicines Agency or any successor
entity thereto.
 "Encumbrance" means any claim, charge, equitable interest, hypothecation, lien, mortgage, pledge, assignment, option, license, power of sale, retention of title, right of pre-emption,
right of first refusal, or security interest of any kind; provided, that, in the case of an option or license, such option or license will only be deemed an Encumbrance if it relates to a Target, Compound, or Product.

"EU" means the European Union, as its membership may be constituted from time to time, and any successor thereto; provided, that, for purposes of this Agreement, the EU will be deemed to include
France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, irrespective of whether any such country leaves the European Union.
 "EU Regulatory Approval" means receipt of MAA approval and Pricing Approval from
[***].
 "European Commission" means the executive of the EU that promotes its general interest.
 "Execution Date" has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph of
this Agreement.
 "Expert Committee" has the meaning set forth in Section 18.1(b). 
 "Expert Resolution" means the process described in Section
18.1(b).
 "Experts Meeting" has the meaning set forth in Section 18.1(b)(i).
 "FCPA" means the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (15 U.S.C. § 78dd-1, et
seq.).
 "FDA" means the United States Food and Drug Administration or any successor entity thereto.
 "Field" means the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of any
Indication in humans and animals.
 "FIH Study" means a Clinical Study of an investigational product in healthy subjects with the primary objective of assessing the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of
such product.
 "First Commercial Sale" means, with respect to Product(s), and on a country-by-country basis, the first commercial sale in an arms'-length transaction of a Product to a Third Party by NVS, its
Affiliates, or sublicensees in such country following receipt of applicable Regulatory Approval of such Product in such country. For clarity, the First Commercial Sale of a Product shall not include: (a) any distribution or other sale solely for
patient assistance, named patient use, compassionate use, or test marketing programs or non-registrational studies or similar programs or studies where the Product is supplied without charge or at the actual Manufacturing cost thereof (without
allocation of indirect costs or any markup); or (b) any sale by NVS to its Affiliates or sublicensees.
  7

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 "Force Majeure" has the meaning set forth in Section 19.4.

"FPFD" means the date of the administration of the first dose of a Product to the first patient (or healthy subject, as relevant) while such healthy subject or volunteer is participating in a Clinical Study.

"FTE" means a full-time employee, or in the case of less than a full-time employee, a full-time equivalent employee year, for an appropriately qualified employee of a Party or its Affiliates, based on [***]
person-hours per year. For clarity, indirect personnel (including support functions such as managerial, financial, legal or business development) shall not constitute FTEs.
 "FTE Costs" means, for any period,
the FTE Rate multiplied by the number of FTEs in such period.
 "FTE Rate" means [***] Dollars ($[***]) per one (1) full FTE per full twelve (12)-month Calendar Year, which rate includes all direct and
indirect costs of a Party's FTE, including personnel and travel expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for any time period during the Term that is less than a full year, the above referenced rate will be proportionately reduced to reflect such
portion of FTEs for such full Calendar Year. 
 "Generic Product" means, any product with the same Active Ingredient as a Product and that is sold by a Third Party that is not an Affiliate or sublicensee
of NVS under an ANDA or NDA pursuant to the U.S. Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (or a successor law), or pursuant to the applicable law of the relevant jurisdiction. 
 "GLP Toxicology Study" means a
toxicology study: (a) in a species that satisfies applicable regulatory requirements; and (b) that employs applicable cGLP so as to meet the standard necessary for submission as part of an IND with the applicable Regulatory Authority.

"Governing Law" has the meaning set forth in Section 18.2.
 "Governmental Authority" means any applicable government authority, court, tribunal, arbitrator,
agency, department, legislative body, commission or other instrumentality of: (a) any government of any country or territory; (b) any nation, state, province, county, city or other political subdivision thereof; or (c) any supranational body.

"Hepatic Impairment Study" means a Clinical Study that compares the pharmacokinetic properties of the Licensed Product in patients with various degrees of liver dysfunction with such properties in normal
subjects.
 "HSR Act" means the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act of 1976.
 "Human Material" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.9.

"ICC Rules" has the meaning set forth in Section 18.1(a)(i).
 "IND" means an Investigational New Drug application in the U.S. filed with the FDA or the corresponding
application for the investigation of a Product in any other country or group of countries, as defined in by Applicable Law and filed with the Regulatory Authority of a given country or group of countries.
 
8

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 "Indemnification Claim Notice" has the meaning set forth in Section 17.3(b).

"Indemnified Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 17.3(b).
 "Indemnifying Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 17.3(b).

"Indemnitee" means a Pliant Indemnitee or an NVS Indemnitee, as the context requires.
 "Indication" means any disease, condition or syndrome, or sign or symptom of, or
associated with, a disease, condition or syndrome.
 "Indirect Taxes" means value added taxes, sales taxes, consumption taxes and other similar taxes.
 "Inhibit"
means to [***].  An Inhibitor is a molecular entity that Inhibits. 
 "Initial Candidate Target" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1. 

"Initial Development Period" means the period of time beginning on the Effective Date and ending on the FPFD of the first Hepatic Impairment Study for the Licensed Product.

"Insolvency Event" means, in relation to either Party, any of the following: (a) that Party becomes Insolvent; (b) that Party shall commence any case, proceeding or other action (i) under any existing or future
law of any jurisdiction relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, seeking to have an order for relief entered with respect to it, or seeking to adjudicate it as bankrupt or Insolvent, or seeking reorganization,
arrangement, adjustment, winding-up, liquidation, dissolution, composition or other relief with respect to it or its debts, or (ii) seeking appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator or other similar official for it or for all or any
substantial part of its assets, or any such Party shall make a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; (c) there shall be commenced against such Party any case, proceeding or other action of a nature referred to in clause (b) above that
(i) results in the entry of an order for relief or any such adjudication or appointment, or (ii) remains undismissed, undischarged or unbonded for a period of sixty (60) days; (d) there shall be commenced against such Party any case, proceeding or
other action seeking issuance of a warrant of attachment, execution, distraint or similar process against all or any substantial part of its assets that results in the entry of an order for any such relief that shall not have been vacated,
discharged, or stayed or bonded pending appeal within sixty (60) days from the entry thereof; or (e) such Party shall take any action in furtherance of, or indicating its consent to, approval of, or acquiescence in, any of the acts set forth in
clauses (b), (c) or (d) above.
 "Insolvent" means, in relation to a Party: (a) that such Party shall generally not, or shall be unable to, or shall admit in writing its inability to, pay its debts as they
become due; or (b) that is considered Insolvent according to Applicable Law.
 "Intellectual Property Rights" means any Know-How, Patents, Trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and any other intellectual
property rights however denominated throughout the world.
 "Interest Rate" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.11(e).
 "Invention" shall mean any process,
method, composition of matter, article of manufacture, discovery, improvement, or finding, including Know-How, that is first conceived and/or first reduced to practice, in the course of activities performed pursuant to this Agreement (whether
patentable or not).
  9

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 "Invoice" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1.

"IP Committee" means the committee established pursuant to Section 11.2. 
 "Joint Compound and Product Patent" has the meaning set forth in Section
11.2(c).
 "Joint Development Committee" or "JDC" means the committee established as set forth in Section 5.4(a).
 "Joint Inventions" mean all
Inventions jointly owned by the Parties under this Agreement.
 "Joint Patents" mean all Patents claiming patentable Joint Inventions.
 "Joint Product Patents" mean all
Joint Patents that Cover the Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization of a Product.
 "Joint Research Committee" or "JRC" means the committee established as set forth in Section
5.3(a).
 "Joint Steering Committee" or "JSC" means the committee established as set forth in Section 5.2(a).
 "Joint Technology" means Joint Patents
and Joint Inventions.
 "Know-How" means all technical information, know-how and data and Material, including inventions (whether patentable or not), discoveries, trade secrets, specifications, instructions,
processes, formulae, expertise and other technology applicable to compounds, formulations, compositions, products or to their manufacture, development, registration, use or commercialization or methods of assaying or testing them or processes for
their manufacture, formulations containing them, compositions incorporating or comprising them and including all biological, chemical, pharmacological, biochemical, toxicological, pharmaceutical, physical and analytical, safety, quality control,
manufacturing, preclinical and clinical data, instructions, processes, formulae, expertise and information, Regulatory Filings, Regulatory Materials and copies thereof, relevant to the development, manufacture, use or commercialization of or which
may be useful in studying, testing, development, production or formulation of products, or intermediates for the synthesis thereof.
 "Licensed Compound" means the active pharmaceutical ingredients, [***] (the
"Licensed Compound Target"); provided that Licensed Compound shall not include [***]. 
 "Licensed Product" means a product incorporating or comprising one or more Licensed Compounds in finished
dosage pharmaceutical form, including, in each case, all formulations and modes of administration thereof.  
 "Loss of Market Exclusivity" means, with respect to any Product or Combination Product
comprising a Product, as applicable, in any country, that all of the following apply: (a) the Net Sales of such Product or Combination Product in that country in any Calendar Year are less than [***] percent ([***]%) of the Net Sales of such Product
or Combination Product in that country in the Calendar Year [***]; (b) the decline in such sales is attributable in material part to the marketing or sale in such country of one or more Generic Product(s) of such Product or Combination Product by
one or more Third Parties; and (c) [***].   
  10

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 "MAA" means an application for the authorization to market Product(s) in any country or group of
countries outside the United States, as defined by Applicable Law and filed with the Regulatory Authority of a given country or group of countries.
 "Major EU Countries" means France, Germany, Italy, Spain and
the United Kingdom.
 "Manufacture" or "Manufacturing" means activities directed to producing, manufacturing, processing, sourcing of materials, filling, finishing, packaging, labeling, quality assurance
testing and release, shipping and storage of a Product. For clarity, "manufacture" and "manufacturing" have the corresponding meanings with respect to any pharmaceutical product other than a Product.

"Material" means any tangible compositions of matter, articles of manufacture, assays, chemical, biological or physical materials, in vivo models, cell based assays (excluding Pliant's [***]),
research tools, and other similar materials, including media composition.
 "Material Receiving Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(h)(i). 
 "Medical
Affairs" means activities conducted by a Party's or its Affiliate's medical affairs department, including communications with key opinion leaders, medical education, symposia, advisory boards (to the extent related to medical affairs or clinical
guidance), activities performed in connection with patient registries, and other medical programs and communications, including educational grants, research grants (including conducting investigator-initiated studies), and charitable donations to
the extent related to medical affairs excluding all other activities that do not involve the promotion, marketing, sale, or other Commercialization of Products and are not conducted by a Party's medical affairs departments. 

"Modulate Selectively" means, solely for purposes of Section 4.4, with respect to a compound that modulates a Candidate Target or Research Target, as applicable, that the compound [***]. 

"NDA" means a New Drug Application in the United States for authorization to market the Product, as defined in the applicable laws and regulations and filed with the FDA.
 "Net
Sales" means [***].
 "Non-Withholding Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.11(d).
 "NVS" has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph of this
Agreement.
 "NVS Indemnitees" has the meaning set forth in Section 17.1.
 "NVS Invention Patents" has the meaning set forth in Section 11.3(b). 

"NVS Quality Requirements" means the NVS or any Regulatory Authorities' quality requirements with respect to the Manufacture of Products or Compounds for use in Clinical Studies.

"NVS Technology" means all Patents and Know-How Controlled by NVS or its Affiliates, including NVS's interest in Product Data, that are necessary to conduct the Research Plan Activities for a Research Target or
are necessary to conduct the Development activities set forth in the Development Plan for a Licensed Compound or Licensed Product, except that NVS Technology shall not include any Joint Technology.
 
11

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 "NVS Termination Technology" means, with respect to a Terminated Compound or Terminated Product,
those Patents and Know-How Controlled by NVS or its Affiliates that [***] for such Terminated Compound or Terminated Product.
 "NVS Termination Trademark" means, with respect to a Terminated Product, the
Product Mark Controlled by NVS or its Affiliates under which such Terminated Product was being Commercialized as of the termination date for such Terminated Product.
 "Operational Team" has the meaning set
forth in Section 5.5.
 "Out-of-Pocket Costs" means, with respect to certain activities performed pursuant to this Agreement, direct expenses paid or payable by either Party or its Affiliates to
Third Parties and specifically identifiable and incurred to conduct such activities for a Compound or Product in the Territory, including payments to contract personnel (including contractors, consultants and subcontractors), in each case, pursuant
to the applicable Development Plan or Research Plan, and provided that such expenses are been recorded as income statement items in accordance with such Party's Accounting Standards and will not include any pre-paid amounts, capital expenditures, or
items intended to be covered by the FTE Rate. 
 "Party" or "Parties" has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph of this Agreement.
 "Patents" means
all patents and patent applications, including all divisionals, continuations, substitutions, continuations-in-part, re-examinations, reissues, additions, renewals, extensions, registrations, including patent term extensions and supplemental
protection certificates and the like, utility models, design patents and the like of any of the foregoing in any country.
 "Person" means any individual, partnership, limited liability company, firm,
corporation, association, trust, unincorporated organization or other entity, including a Governmental Authority.
 "PET Ligand" means a [***][***]. 
 "Phase 1
Study" means a clinical study of an investigational product in patients or healthy volunteers with the primary objective of characterizing its safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics and identifying a recommended dose and regimen for future
studies. The investigational product can be administered to patients or healthy volunteers as a single agent or in combination with other investigational or marketed agents and shall be deemed commenced when the first patient or healthy volunteer in
such study has received his or her initial dose of a product. 
 "Phase 2 Study" means a Phase 2a Study or a Phase 2b Study.
 "Phase 2a Study" means a clinical
study of an investigational product in patients with the primary objective of characterizing its activity in a specific disease state as well as generating more detailed safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics information. The
investigational product can be administered to patients as a single agent or in combination with other investigational or marketed agents, may include one or multiple doses and shall be deemed commenced when the first patient in such study has
received his or her initial dose of a product.
 "Phase 2b Study" means a phase 2b study carried out prior to the initiation of pivotal Phase 3 Studies that is intended to be the definitive dose range finding
study in patients with efficacy as a primary endpoint, as well as safety, initiated after completion of a Phase I Clinical Study (or phase 2a Clinical Study, if performed), that will evaluate the dose-dependent effectiveness of a pharmaceutical
product for a particular indication or indications in patients with the disease or condition under study, as well as to collect further safety data to assess the risks associated with the pharmaceutical product, and further pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic data. The investigational product can be administered to patients as a single agent or in combination with other investigational or marketed agents and shall be deemed commenced when the first patient in such study has received his
or her initial dose of a product.
  12

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 "Phase 3 Study" means a clinical study of an investigational product in patients the protocol of
which incorporates accepted endpoints for confirmation of statistical significance of efficacy and safety with the aim of obtaining Regulatory Approval in any country as described in 21 C.F.R. § 312.21(c), or a comparable clinical study
prescribed by the relevant Regulatory Authority in a country other than the United States. The investigational product can be administered to patients as a single agent or in combination with other investigational or marketed agents and shall be
deemed commenced when the first patient in such study has received his or her initial dose of a product. For clarity, Phase 3 Studies include clinical studies of approved products for use in Indications for which such product has not yet received
Regulatory Approval.
 "Pliant" has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph of this Agreement.
 "Pliant Indemnitees" has the meaning set forth in Section
17.2.
 "Pliant Know-How" means any Know-How Controlled by Pliant or any of its Affiliates as of the Effective Date or thereafter during the Term of this Agreement that is reasonably necessary or
reasonably useful for the Research, Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization of the Compounds and Products in the Field or otherwise transferred or provided to NVS under Sections 3.7(b), 4.6 and 8.5, and includes Pliant's
interest in any Product Data, except that Pliant Know-How shall not include any Know-How that is a Joint Invention or that relates to Pliant's [***].
 "Pliant Manufacturing Know-How" has the meaning set forth
in Section 8.5.
 "Pliant Patents" means: (a) the Patents identified on Exhibit C; and (b) any other Patents Controlled by Pliant or any of its Affiliates as of the Effective Date or
thereafter during the Term that claim or otherwise Cover the Research, Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization of the Compounds and Products in the Field, except that Pliant Patents shall not include any Joint  Patents or Patents solely
claiming Know-How that relates to Pliant's [***].
 "Pliant Technology" means the Pliant Know-How and the Pliant Patents.
 "Pliant Third Party Obligations" has the
meaning set forth in Section 10.7(b).
 "PMDA" means the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, or any successor entity thereto.
 "Pricing
Approval" means any approval, agreement, determination, or decision establishing prices that can be charged to consumers for a pharmaceutical product or that shall be reimbursed by Governmental Authorities for a pharmaceutical product, in
each case, in a country where Governmental Authorities approve or determine pricing for pharmaceutical products for reimbursement or otherwise.
 "Priority Review Voucher" means a priority review voucher issued
by the United States Department of Health and Human Services that entitles the holder of such voucher to Priority Review of a single human drug application submitted under Section 505(b)(1) of the Act or Section 351(a) of the

 13

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 United States Public Health Service Act, as further defined in Section 529(a)(2) of the Act (21 U.S.C. § 360ff(a)(2)).

"Privacy and Data Security Laws" means all applicable privacy, security and data protection laws, rules, regulations, and guidelines with respect to privacy, security and data protection including the collection,
processing, storage, protection and disclosure of Sensitive Information.
 "Product" means a Research Product or Licensed Product. 
 "Product Data" has the meaning
set forth in Section 11.1(a).
 "Product Infringement" has the meaning set forth in Section 11.5.
 "Product Marks" has the meaning set forth in Section
11.7.
 "Prosecution and Maintenance" means, with regard to a particular Patent, the preparation, filing, prosecution and maintenance of such Patent in any jurisdiction, as well as the conduct of
re-examinations, reviews, reissues and the like with respect to that Patent, together with the conduct of interferences, the defense of oppositions, oppositions, post-grant reviews, inter partes reviews, and other similar proceedings with respect to
that Patent and further including Patent management and litigation strategy. For clarity, Prosecution and Maintenance does not include instituting post-grant reviews or inter partes review with respect to Patents of Third Parties.

"Prosecuting and Maintaining Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 11.3(c).
 "Provider" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.9.

"Purpose" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(h)(i). 
 "Regulatory Approval" means, with respect to a Product in any country or jurisdiction, all approvals
(including where required in order to market the Product, any Pricing Approval), registrations, licenses or authorizations from a Regulatory Authority in a country or other jurisdiction that are necessary to market and sell such Product in such
country or jurisdiction.
 "Regulatory Authority" means any Governmental Authority responsible for granting Regulatory Approvals for Products, including the FDA, EMA, European Commission, PMDA, and any
corresponding national or regional regulatory authorities.
 "Regulatory Exclusivity" means any rights or protections which are recognized, afforded or granted by the FDA or any other Regulatory Authority in
any country or region of the Territory pursuant to Applicable Laws of such country or region, in association with the marketing authorization of the Product, providing the Product: (a) a period of marketing exclusivity, during which a Regulatory
Authority recognizing, affording or granting such marketing exclusivity will refrain from either reviewing or approving a marketing authorization application or similar regulatory submission, submitted by a Third Party seeking to market a Generic
Product of such Product, or (b) a period of data exclusivity, during which a Third Party seeking to market a Generic Product of such Product is precluded from either referencing or relying upon, without an express right of reference from the dossier
holder, the Product's clinical dossier or relying on previous Regulatory Authority findings of safety or effectiveness with respect to such Product to support the submission, review or approval of a Marketing Authorization Application or similar
regulatory submission before the applicable Regulatory Authority. 

  14
 
 
 

 "Regulatory Filings" means, with respect to a Product, any application or submission to a
Regulatory Authority of any appropriate regulatory application, and shall include any submission to a regulatory advisory board, MAA, and any supplement or amendment thereto. For the avoidance of doubt, Regulatory Filings shall include any NDA or
the corresponding application in any other country or group of countries.
 "Regulatory Lead Party" means the Party allocated primarily responsible for all regulatory matters relating to a Licensed Product,
including all Regulatory Filings and related Regulatory Materials in accordance with Section 7.1(a).
 "Regulatory Materials" means any communication, correspondence, or other filings made to, received
from or otherwise conducted with a Regulatory Authority related to Developing, Manufacturing, or otherwise Commercializing a pharmaceutical product in a particular country or jurisdiction, other than Regulatory Filings. 

"Reimbursement Cap" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.6(a). 
 "Related Compounds" means, with respect to a Compound, [***] that the relevant Compound
has with respect to its molecular target (for Related Compounds of Compounds that selectively modulate a given Research Target, selective modulation of such Research Target and for Related Compounds of Licensed Compounds or Back-Up Compounds,
selective Inhibition of αvβ1).
 "Research" or "Researching" means activities, other than Development, related to target validation, the design, discovery, generation,
identification, profiling, characterization, production, process development, cell line development, pre-clinical development or non-clinical or pre-clinical studies of drug candidates and products, including such non-clinical studies and other
material Development activities to be undertaken to generate data sufficient to enable the filing of an IND. 
 "Research Budget" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2.

"Research Compound" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2[***].
 "Research Costs" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.6(a).

"Research Plan" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2.
 "Research Plan Activities" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2.

"Research Product" means a product Researched or Developed under this Agreement incorporating or comprising one or more Selected Research Compounds in finished dosage pharmaceutical form, including, in each case,
all formulations and modes of administration thereof.
 "Research Program" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1.
 "Research Results" mean all tangible
Material, and all material data, results, and research records relating to a Candidate Target or Research Target, or compounds that modulate such Candidate Target or Research Target, generated in connection with a Research Program. 

"Research Target" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1.
  15

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 "Research Term" means the period commencing upon the Effective Date and ending, unless extended
pursuant to Section 3.3, three (3) years after the Effective Date. 
 "Royalty Term" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.6(a).
 "Sales & Royalty
Report" means a written report or reports showing each of: (a) the Net Sales of each Product in the Territory, on a country-by-country basis, during the reporting period by NVS and its Affiliates and sublicensees; and (b)  the royalties
payable, in United States Dollars, which shall have accrued hereunder with respect to such Net Sales. 
 "Selected Research Compound" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(b), and includes all
corresponding Related Compounds[***].
 "Selection Date" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(b).
 "Senior Officers" means, for NVS, [***], and for Pliant,
[***].
 "Sensitive Information" means personally identifiable information, which information may include names, address, other contact information, financial account information, social security number, date
of birth, passwords, protected health information, biometrics, personal identification numbers and codes and/or other information or data that is protected by Applicable Laws and/or can be used for identity theft.

"Small Molecule Compound" means any compound having a molecular weight of less than [***]. 
 "Target" means any Research Target or Licensed Compound
Target. 
 "Target Validation" means compelling biological validation from pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies supporting that a molecular target being evaluated under the Research Program (a) [***];
(b) [***]; and (c) [***]; in each case of (a)-(c), as determined by [***]. 
 "Target Validation Activities" means the specific activities to be performed by each Party to determine the Target
Validation of a Candidate Target pursuant to a Research Plan. 
 "Target Validation Fee" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2.
 "Term" has the meaning
set forth in Section 15.1.
 "Terminated Compound" shall mean any Compounds that bind specifically to, and thereby selectively modulate, a Terminated Target.

"Terminated Product" shall mean any Products that bind specifically to, and thereby selectively modulate, a Terminated Target.
 "Terminated Research Target" shall mean any
Research Target pursuant to which this Agreement is terminated under Section 15.2(a)(i) or 15.2(c).
 "Terminated Target" shall mean any Target pursuant to which this Agreement is terminated under
Section 15.2(a)(i) or 15.2(c).
  16

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 "Territory" means all countries and territories of the world.

"Third Party" means any Person other than a Party or an Affiliate of a Party.
 "Third Party Infringement" has the meaning set forth in Section 11.4(a).

"Third Party License" means a written agreement between a Party or its Affiliates and a Third Party to license or acquire Third Party Intellectual Property Rights relevant to Targets, Compounds, or Products,
including, for clarity, any such agreement entered into as a result of settlement of any claims for infringement of Third Party Intellectual Property Rights.
 "Trade Control Laws" mean all statutory and
regulatory requirements related to export controls, economic sanctions, trade embargoes, imports of goods, and payment of custom duties.
 "Trademarks" mean all registered and unregistered trademarks, service
marks, trade dress, trade names, logos, insignias, symbols, designs, and all other indicia of ownership, and combinations thereof.
 "Transfer Record" has the meaning set forth in Section
6.1(h)(i). 
 "Transferring Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(h)(i). 
 "United States" or "U.S." means the United States of
America, its territories and possessions.
 "Upstream Party" means any Third Party that is a party to a Third Party License.
 "U.S. Export Control Laws" mean shall mean
all applicable U.S. laws and regulations relating to the export or re-export of commodities, technologies or services, including the Export Controls Act of 2018, 22 U.S.C. §§ 2751 et seq., the International Emergency Economic Powers Act,
50 U.S.C. §§ 1701-1706, the Trading with the Enemy Act, 50 U.S.C. §§ 1 et seq., the Arms Export Control Act, 22 U.S.C. §§ 2778-2779, the International Boycott Provisions of Section 999 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, the U.S. Department of Commerce's Export Administration Regulations, the U.S. Department of State's International Traffic in Arms Regulations, and the economic sanctions programs administered by the U.S. Department of Treasury's Office of
Foreign Assets Controls.
 "Valid Claim" means a claim of a Patent that: (a) has not been rejected, revoked or held to be invalid or unenforceable by a court or other authority of competent jurisdiction, from
which no appeal can be further taken; or (b) has not been finally abandoned, disclaimed or admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue or disclaimer. In order to be a Valid Claim, any claim being prosecuted in a pending patent
application must be prosecuted in good faith and not have been pending for more than [***] years from the earliest date from which such application claims the priority or benefit of the first utility patent application (or equivalent concept in any
such country) in the patent application family in the country in question, in which case it will cease to be considered a Valid Claim until the patent issues and recites said claim (from and after which time the same would be deemed a Valid
Claim).
 "Withholding Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.11(d).

1.2 Interpretation. Unless the context of this Agreement otherwise requires:
 (a) the terms "includes" and "including" shall mean respectively includes and including without limitation;
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	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (b) a statute or
statutory instrument or any of their provisions shall be construed as a reference to that statute or statutory instrument or such provision as the same may have been or may from time to time hereafter be amended or re-enacted;

(c) words denoting the singular shall include the plural and vice versa, and words denoting any gender shall include all genders;

(d) the Exhibits and other attachments form part of the operative provisions of this Agreement and references to this Agreement shall,
unless the context otherwise requires, include references to the Exhibits and attachments;
 (e) the headings in this Agreement are
for information and convenience only and shall not be considered in the interpretation of this Agreement;
 (f) "days" refers to calendar days;

(g) the terms "hereof," "herein," "hereby," and derivative or similar words refer to this entire Agreement;

(h) general words shall not be given a restrictive interpretation by reason of their being preceded or followed by words indicating a
particular class of acts, matters or things;
 (i) the words "shall" and "will" have the same meaning; and
 (j) the Parties agree that the terms and conditions of this Agreement are the result of negotiations between the Parties and that this Agreement will not be construed in favor
of or against any Party by reason of the extent to which any Party participated in the preparation of this Agreement.

2. OVERVIEW OF COLLABORATION
 2.1 Overview of Research Programs. During the Research Term, and in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Parties will collaborate on up to
three (3) separate Research programs (each, a "Research Program"), under which the Parties will validate certain [***] as Research Targets (defined below), each under a Research Program, and identify and synthesize potential Research
Compounds (defined below) designed to modulate selectively each such Research Target in accordance with the applicable Research Plan (defined below), with the aim of achieving [***]. Each Research Target and Research Compound will be Researched
according to a separate Research Program, and NVS will have the sole right to Research, Develop, and Commercialize Selected Research Compounds and any corresponding Research Product following the Development Candidate Selection Date.  NVS may,
in its sole discretion, and at its cost and expense, elect to take forward, subject to Section 6.1(d) and Article 9, any and all Selected Research Compounds and Research Products into Development and for Commercialization.

2.2 Overview of Licensed Product. During the Initial Development Period, and in accordance with the terms and conditions
of this Agreement, the Parties will collaborate to Develop the Licensed Product in accordance with the Development Plan for such Licensed Product, including where applicable, conducting any necessary Research in order to submit the applicable
Regulatory Filings to enable FPFD of the first Phase 1 Study for such Licensed Product.  NVS will thereafter have the sole right, subject to Section 6.1(d) and Article 9, to conduct and be responsible for conducting, at its cost
and expense, further Research, Development and Commercialization of such Licensed Product. 
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	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

2.3 Overview of Manufacturing Related Activities. During the Term, and in accordance with the terms and conditions of this
Agreement and the applicable Clinical Supply Agreement and associated Clinical Quality Assurance Agreement, Pliant will Manufacture Licensed Products for NVS for use in certain Clinical Studies. 

3. RESEARCH PROGRAMS
 3.1 Research Target Validation. As of the Effective Date, the [***] [***] are deemed the initial candidate targets (each, a "Candidate Target").  Pursuant
to the Research Plans for each Candidate Target, Pliant will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to conduct Target Validation Activities for each Candidate Target in accordance with a Research Plan.  The first Candidate Target for which Pliant
will engage in Target Validation Activities is [***] (the "Initial Candidate Target").  The Parties will, jointly through the JRC, determine the subsequent order of Candidate Targets for which Pliant will initiate Target Validation
Activities pursuant to a Research Plan; provided that, in the event of disagreement between the Parties, the order of Candidate Targets for which Target Validation Activities are initiated will be [***]. Within [***] days of the
achievement of Target Validation for a given Candidate Target, NVS will provide written notice to Pliant of such fact, such Candidate Target will be deemed a "Research Target" and NVS will become obligated to pay the Target Validation Fee in
accordance with Section 10.2.  NVS will have the right to designate up to three (3) Candidate Targets as Research Targets and, for clarity, the corresponding Target Validation Fee shall be payable only once for each such Research Target,
for up to three (3) Research Targets.  Upon the determination by NVS that Target Validation for any given Candidate Target is not achievable, NVS will notify Pliant in writing that NVS is rejecting such Candidate Target as a Research
Target at or before the next JSC meeting or within [***] months after making such determination, whichever is earlier.  On a Candidate Target-by-Candidate Target basis, upon the first to occur for such Candidate Target of (i) expiration or
termination of the Research Term, (ii) the date upon which NVS notifies Pliant in writing that NVS is rejecting such Candidate Target as a potential Research Target or (iii) the date upon which three (3) Candidate Targets, other than such Candidate
Target, have been designated as a Research Target, such Candidate Target will no longer be subject to this Agreement.

3.2 Research Plans; Selected Research Compounds.
 (a) On a Candidate Target-by-Candidate Target basis, prior to the initiation of Target Validation Activities for such Candidate Target, the Parties will agree on a written
plan setting forth the Research Plan Activities (defined below) to be performed by the Parties in the course of the Research Program for such Candidate Target up to Development Candidate Selection (each, a "Research Plan").  The initial
Research Plan for the Initial Candidate Target is attached hereto as Exhibit D.  Within a reasonable time prior to the initiation of Target Validation Activities for the next and subsequent Candidate Targets, but at least [***] days
prior to the initiation of Research activities therefor, the Parties will jointly develop, through the JRC, a Research Plan for each such Candidate Target for approval by the JSC.  Each Research Plan will include (i) the Target Validation
Activities and criteria required to establish Target Validation for such Candidate Target; (ii) the specific activities to be performed by each Party to (A) identify candidate compounds from [***] that bind specifically to, and thereby selectively
modulate, such Research Target and (B) Research ([***]) such candidate compounds (each such candidate compound identified and/or Researched pursuant to this Agreement that binds specifically to, and thereby selectively modulates, such Research
Target, a "Research Compound") until the Development Candidate Selection Date for such Research Compound, including the Manufacture of research grade supply of such Research Compound and the technical and scientific criteria of such Research
Compound (together with the Target Validation Activities, the "Research Plan Activities"); (iii) the anticipated number of FTEs to be dedicated by Pliant and its Affiliates to perform the Research Plan Activities for the corresponding
Research Target; and (iv) a budget setting out by Calendar Year the estimated FTE Costs and Out-of-Pocket Costs (including for Manufacturing related activities)  to be incurred by Pliant and its Affiliates in the conduct of the Research Plan
Activities for such Research Target, [***] (each, a "Research Budget"). Each Research Budget will include detailed line item entries for each Research Plan Activity to be conducted under such Research Plan setting forth the costs directly
related to the performance of such activity [***].  On a Research Target-by-Research Target basis, from time to time during the Research Term, but prior to the Development Candidate Selection Date for a Research Compound selected for such
Research Target, [***] the Parties through the JRC will jointly develop and submit, or either Party through the JRC may propose for submission, updates or amendments to the Research Plan for the JSC's review and approval. Each Research Plan shall be
consistent with the terms of this Agreement. 
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	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (b) At any time
during the Research Term, but on a Research Target-by-Research Target basis, not later than [***] days following the completion of the first IND-enabling GLP Toxicology Study for a Research Compound that achieves Development Candidate Selection with
respect to a given Research Target (the "Selection Date"), NVS may select in its sole discretion, by written notice to Pliant, up to [***] Research Compounds for such Research Target for further Research and Development (each a
"Selected Research Compound").  Each Research Compound not designated by NVS as a Selected Research Compound will, after the Selection Date with respect to the relevant Research Target, no longer be eligible for designation as a Selected
Research Compound for such Research Target or subject to the terms of this Agreement. 
 3.3 Conduct of Research
Activities. During the Research Term and subject to the JSC's and JRC's review and, as applicable, approval of each Research Plan, the Parties will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to perform (themselves or through their Affiliates or subject
to Section 4.2, permitted subcontractors) the Research Plan Activities in accordance with the applicable Research Plan until the Development Candidate Selection Date for a Research Compound for such Research Target.  NVS will have the
option, in its sole discretion, to extend the Research Term for [***] period  (the original Research Term plus such [***] period, the "Extended Research Term").  In the event that NVS desires to exercise such option, it shall
provide Pliant with written notice to that effect at least [***] days prior to the end of the Research Term.  If a Party anticipates that material Research Plan Activities under the applicable Research Plan will not have been completed by the
end of the Extended Research Term, such Party may so notify the other Party at least [***] days prior to the end of the Extended Research Term, in which case the Parties will discuss in good faith the process for completing such Research Plan
Activities and the extension of the Research Term for a further [***] period following the Extended Research Term (a "Second Extension").  For clarity, neither Party will be obligated to agree to a Second Extension, and if the Parties do
not agree in writing to a Second Extension prior to the date upon which the Extended Research Term would otherwise expire, the Research Term shall expire upon the date of expiration of the Extended Research Term.  In performing its respective
Research Plan Activities, each Party: (a) will conduct such activities in a good scientific manner, in compliance with all Applicable Law in all material respects, including, where applicable, cGMP, cGLP, cGCP, and current international regulatory
standards; and (b) will not employ or use any Debarred Person.  [***]
 3.4 Research Records. Each Party will
maintain, and cause its Affiliates and their respective employees and subcontractors to maintain, records and laboratory notebooks of its Research Plan Activities in sufficient detail and in a good scientific manner appropriate for scientific,
regulatory and intellectual property protection purposes, which records and laboratory notebooks shall: (a) be segregated from other Research activities not performed under this Agreement; (b) be complete and accurate in all material respects; and
(c) fully and properly reflect all work done, data and developments made, and results achieved.  NVS will have the right to audit and request a copy of such records of Pliant and its Affiliates and their respective employees and subcontractors
from time to time during the Term.  Prior to exercising its right to audit such records, NVS, in good faith, will consider whether such audit could be conducted by a Third Party sufficiently experienced in the relevant field.  In the event
that NVS conducts such audit using a Third Party, NVS shall cause such Third Party to be bound by obligations of confidentiality with respect to such records no less stringent than those set forth in Sections 12.1, 12.2 and 12.3.  For
the avoidance of doubt, NVS will have the final decision with respect to whether to conduct such audit under this Section 3.4 itself or using a Third Party. 
  20

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 3.5 Research Reports and
Materials.
 (a) General. Each Party will keep the other Party reasonably informed regarding the status, progress, and
results of its Research Plan Activities for each Research Program, including a review of results (including Manufacturing related campaign reports) and progress against timelines in such Research Plan through regularly scheduled JRC (and, if
applicable, Operational Team) meetings.
 (b) Interim Reports. On a Calendar Quarterly basis the Parties will jointly create
and submit to the JRC (and, if applicable, the Operational Team) for its review and discussion, a written update, in a form agreed to by the JRC for such updates, that includes: (i) a summary of the Research Plan Activities completed during the most
recently completed Calendar Quarter; (ii) prior to the Development Candidate Selection Date, a copy of all results and data generated during such period related to each Research Target; and (iii) both Parties' progress against the timeline and
Research Budget set forth in each Research Plan, with appropriate documentation to substantiate all such activities and results.

(c) Final Report. Each Party shall provide the other Party with a final written report within [***] days after the completion or
earlier termination of each Research Plan, which report will summarize the activities undertaken and all accomplishments and deliverables achieved as specified under such Research Plan and contain a copy of all Research Results generated by or on
behalf of such Party in the performance of such Research Plan.
 (d) Research Results. [***] within [***] days following the
earlier of the earlier termination or completion of each Research Plan for a given Research Target, [***], provided that [***]. Subject to Section 4.1 and Section 4.4, (i) NVS will have the right to use all Research Results for all
purposes, and (ii) Pliant will have the right to use all Research Results generated by Pliant or on its behalf outside the scope of the exclusive licenses granted to NVS pursuant to Sections 4.1(a) and 4.1(b) to research and identify
compounds that bind specifically to, and thereby selectively modulate the [***] solely for internal research and development purposes, and with respect to any other [***], for all purposes.. 
 3.6 Research Support and Payment.
 (a) Research Support. During
the Research Term, on a Research Program-by-Research Program basis, NVS will be responsible for those reasonable and actual documented FTE Costs and Out-of-Pocket Costs, in each case, incurred by or on behalf of Pliant in accordance with the
then-current JSC-approved Research Plan, [***] (collectively, the "Research Costs"), [***]; provided, however, that NVS will not be responsible for any FTE Costs or Out-of-Pocket Costs incurred by or on behalf of Pliant in the performance of
any Research Plan Activities (including those associated with Manufacturing), in excess of [***]. For clarity, Pliant shall not have any obligation to perform Research Plan Activities for which the costs would be incurred in excess of the
Reimbursement Cap. 
 (b) Research Payment Mechanism. No later than [***] Business Days after the conclusion of each
Calendar Quarter, Pliant will provide to NVS a report of the Research Costs actually incurred in performing its Research Plan Activities under each Research Plan during the most recently completed Calendar Quarter, which will include a breakdown of
FTE Costs and Out-of-Pocket Costs actually incurred by or on behalf of Pliant during such Calendar Quarter, and a comparison of such costs to the applicable Research Budget. Within [***] Business Days after receipt of such report, NVS will provide
Pliant with written notice of any disputed amount in such report, after which Pliant will provide a written invoice for the amount due in accordance with this Section 3.6 for such Calendar Quarter.  NVS will pay to Pliant the undisputed
amounts set forth in any such invoice within [***] days of NVS' receipt of such invoice. If owed, any disputed amounts will be paid within [***] Business Days after the date on which the Parties, using good faith efforts, resolve the dispute. The
first report and invoice provided by Pliant to NVS after the Effective Date will include costs of performing Research activities incurred before the Effective Date, in accordance with the work plan and budget mutually approved by both Parties on
September 27, 2019.
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	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 3.7 Research Products and
Pliant Know-How Transfer.
 (a) Research Products. NVS will have the right, in its sole discretion, to Research, Develop,
Manufacture, and Commercialize any and all Selected Research Compounds and Research Products, subject to Sections 3.3 and 6.2(a) and Article 9.  For clarity, a Research Target will cease to remain a Research Target under this
Agreement, and all Selected Research Compounds and Research Products will cease to remain the same under this Agreement, if NVS elects in writing, pursuant to Section 15.2(c), not to further Research or Develop any Selected Research Compound
or Research Product for such Research Target. 
 (b) Pliant Know-How Transfer. From time to time during the Term, Pliant
will, promptly upon NVS's request and for no additional compensation, provide to NVS, in a commercially reasonable format, (A) during the Research Term, [***]; and (B) following the Research Term, [***], in each of (A) and (B) for NVS to perform its
obligations under this Agreement and to practice the licenses granted to NVS hereunder, including with respect to the Research, Development, Commercialization, and Manufacturing of, and obtaining or maintaining Regulatory Approval or Pricing
Approval for, Selected Research Compounds and Research Products as set forth in this Agreement.  For clarity, in no event shall Pliant be obligated to transfer to NVS any Know-How that relates to Pliant's [***]. 

3.8 Animal Research Compliance. To the extent a Research Program involves the use of animals, the provisions of this
Section 3.8 will apply.  All such animals will be cared for, used, and disposed of in conformity with the highest legal and ethical standards of animal testing as defined by the U.S. Animal Welfare Act (P.L. 89-544, as amended) and the
guidelines prescribed in DHHS Publication No. 72-23 (NIH), "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" (1996 edition or succeeding revised editions. The relevant environment, housing, management, veterinary care, and physical plant used in
connection with such animals in a Research Program will be appropriate for type(s) of animal(s) and the nature of the Research Program. An institutional animal care and use committee, as that term is contemplated by the U.S. Animal Welfare Act (or
its equivalent worldwide) must approve the activities described in a Research Plan prior to commencement of the relevant Research Program and will provide oversight of animal care, use, housing, management and disposal for the duration of the
Research Program. In no circumstances will any such animals be used as food for humans or animals. If specific instructions for animal use, care, handling, or disposal are provided by NVS, Pliant shall use good faith efforts to comply with such
instructions in connection with the relevant Research Program.  NVS will have the right to review and audit the relevant facilities of Pliant and related records to confirm compliance with this Section 3.8 not more than [***] during
Pliant's normal business hours to ensure conformity with the provisions of this Section 3.8.
 3.9 Human Material.
Pliant represents and warrants (a) that it has complied, or shall comply, with all applicable laws, guidelines and regulations relating to the collection and/or use of human primary cell lines, human tissue, human clinical isolates or similar
human-derived materials that have been or are to be collected in and/or used in a Research Program ("Human Material") and (b) that it has obtained, or
  22

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 shall obtain, all necessary approvals, consents, and/or authorization required by law for the collection, use and/or transfer of
such Human Material as contemplated by this Agreement.  Pliant shall provide documentation of such approvals, consents, and authorizations upon NVS' request. Pliant further represents and warrants that such Human Material may be used as
contemplated in this Agreement without any obligations to the individuals or entities ("Providers") other than required by Applicable Law who contributed the Human Material, including any obligations of compensation to such Providers for any
purposes, including, without limitation, any obligations of compensation to such Providers or any other Third Party for the intellectual property associated with the Human Material or the commercial use thereof for any purposes.

3.10 Terminated Research Targets.  If a Party terminates this Agreement with respect to a Research Target pursuant to
Section 15.2(a)(i) or Section 15.2(c), each Party may research, develop, manufacture and commercialize anywhere in the Territory products that modulate such Terminated Research Target outside the scope of this Agreement, provided that,
for clarity, the foregoing shall not be deemed to grant to NVS the right to use, and NVS agrees it shall not use, any Pliant Know-How transferred to NVS or other Confidential Information of Pliant to conduct such activities, and, subject to
Section 15.4, the foregoing shall not be deemed to grant Pliant the right to use, and Pliant agrees that it shall not use any NVS Know-How transferred to Pliant or other Confidential Information of NVS to conduct such activities.

4. LICENSES 
 4.1 License Grants.
 (a) Licensed Products. Subject to the
terms and conditions of this Agreement, Pliant hereby grants to NVS and its Affiliates (i) an exclusive (even as to Pliant and its Affiliates), transferrable (pursuant to Section 19.1), sublicensable (pursuant to Section 4.1(f))
license, under the Pliant Technology and Joint Technology to Commercialize Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory; and (ii) a co-exclusive (with Pliant and its Affiliates), transferrable (pursuant to Section 19.1), sublicensable
(pursuant to Section 4.1(f)) license, under the Pliant Technology and Joint Technology to Research, Develop, and Manufacture Licensed Compounds and Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory; which Research, Development, and
Manufacturing license will become exclusive to NVS with respect to a Licensed Compound or Licensed Product upon the FPFD in the first Hepatic Impairment Study for such Licensed Product.  For clarity, such co-exclusivity retains for Pliant
solely the right to conduct: (x) those Research and Development activities under the applicable Development Plan; and (y) those Manufacturing activities in accordance with the applicable Clinical Supply Agreement, in each case of (x) and (y),
undertaken pursuant to the express terms of this Agreement. 
 (b) Research Products. Subject to the terms and conditions
of this Agreement, Pliant hereby grants to NVS and its Affiliates (i) an exclusive (even as to Pliant and its Affiliates), transferrable (pursuant to Section 19.1), sublicensable (pursuant to Section 4.1(f)) license under the Pliant
Technology and Joint Technology to Develop, Manufacture and Commercialize Selected Research Compounds and Research Products in the Field in the Territory; and (ii)  a co-exclusive (with Pliant and its Affiliates), transferrable (pursuant to
Section 19.1), sublicensable (pursuant to Section 4.1(f)) license under the Pliant Technology and Joint Technology, to Research the Candidate Targets, Research Targets, and to Research the Research Compounds or Selected Research
Compounds (as applicable) for each Research Target; which co-exclusive license shall become exclusive to NVS, solely with respect to Selected Research Compounds, effective as of the Development Candidate Selection Date for such Research Target. For
clarity, such co-exclusivity retains for Pliant solely the right to conduct: (x) those Research Plan Activities under the applicable Research Plan; and (y) those Manufacturing activities in accordance with the applicable Research Plan, in each case
of (x) and (y), undertaken pursuant to the express terms of this Agreement. 
  23
 
 

 
(c) By NVS. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, NVS hereby grants to Pliant and its Affiliates, a
non-exclusive, non-sublicensable right under the NVS Technology and Joint Technology to (i) during the Research Term, to Research the Research Compounds and Selected Research Compounds for each Research Target; and (ii) during the Term, to Develop
Licensed Products in accordance with the applicable Development Plan for such Licensed Product.
 (d) PET Ligand.  Subject to
the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Pliant hereby grants to NVS and its Affiliates, a non-exclusive, fully paid up, sublicensable (pursuant to Section 4.1(f)) license under the Pliant Technology to use the PET Ligand to Research and
Develop Licensed Compounds and Licensed Products.  For the avoidance of doubt, the license granted under this Section 4.1(d) does not give NVS or its Affiliates the right to Commercialize, either itself of through a Third Party, the PET
Ligand.
 (e) Retained Rights.  Notwithstanding the licenses granted to NVS in Sections 4.1(a), (b), and (d),
Pliant will retain the right, subject to Sections 4.4, 12.1-12.3, and 13.3, to use Product Data that it generates, whether solely or jointly with NVS, solely for internal research and development purposes with respect to the [***] and for all
purposes with respect to any other [***], outside the scope of this Agreement. 
 (f) Sublicense Rights. NVS may
sublicense the rights granted to it by Pliant under Section 4.1(b) of this Agreement [***]; provided that the foregoing shall not limit NVS's ability to grant sublicenses to independent contractors performing activities on NVS's behalf
pursuant to Section 4.2. NVS may sublicense the rights granted to it by Pliant under Section 4.1(a) at any time at its sole discretion.  NVS will ensure that all permitted sublicenses granted under this Section 4.1(f) are
consistent with the terms of this Agreement and will remain responsible for any action or failure to act by its sublicensees to whom NVS' obligations under this Agreement have been sublicensed, and which action or failure to act would constitute a
breach of this Agreement if such action or failure to act were committed by NVS. For clarity, distributors and wholesalers shall not be considered sublicensees. NVS may exercise its rights and perform its rights and obligations under this Agreement
itself or through any of its Affiliates provided that it remains responsible for the performance of such Affiliates as if such activities of such Affiliates were activities of NVS under this Agreement. Pliant may not sublicense the rights granted to
it by NVS under this Agreement without first obtaining, in each case, NVS's prior written consent and complying with the terms of any such consent except as expressly set forth in Section 4.2.
 4.2 Subcontractors. Each Party may engage subcontractors to perform any obligations assigned to it under this Agreement; provided, that: (a) Pliant shall obtain
NVS' prior written consent before subcontracting any such obligations to any subcontractor that is not either engaged by Pliant as of the Effective Date or included in an approved Research Plan or Development Plan; (b) the subcontracting Party
remains fully responsible for the work allocated to, and payment to, such subcontractors to the same extent it would if it had done such work itself; (c) each contract between a Party and a subcontractor is consistent with the provisions of this
Agreement, but only as it pertains to the obligations being performed by such subcontractor pursuant to this Agreement, including (i) obligations of confidentiality and non-use applicable to Confidential Information that are at least as stringent as
those set forth in Article 12, and (ii) obligations of assignment of all Inventions and other Intellectual Property Rights developed in the course of performing any such work under this Agreement to the subcontracting Party and obligations of
cooperation to execute any documents to confirm or perfect such assignment; and (d) the subcontracting Party remains at all times fully liable for all acts or omissions of such subcontractor. 
 4.3 Third Party Licenses. All rights licensed to a Party from a Third Party and sublicensed to the other Party under this Agreement will be subject to and subordinate
to the terms of the applicable Third Party License to the extent such terms applies to a sublicensee of such Third Party Intellectual Property Rights. Each Party will comply with the terms of any such Third Party License; provided, that: (a)
a Party shall not be obligated to comply with any such Third Party License until the relevant terms of any such Third Party License that apply to a Party's exercise of such rights have been fully and accurately disclosed to such Party; and (b) NVS
shall not be subject to any Third Party Licenses entered into by Pliant or its Affiliates except as permitted under Sections 16.4(b) and 16.4(c). 
  24

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

4.4 Exclusivity. 
 (a) Research Targets. 
 (i) During the period
beginning on the Effective Date and ending, on a Candidate Target-by-Candidate Target basis, on the date such Candidate Target is no longer deemed a Candidate Target pursuant to Section 3.1, or on a Research Target-by-Research Target basis, on the
Selection Date with respect to such Research Target, as applicable, neither Party or its Affiliates will, and each Party will cause its licensees, and sublicensees not to, alone or with or through any Third Parties (including through licensing any
Third Party), Research anywhere in the Territory the modulation of any Candidate Target or Research Target, or Research, Develop, Manufacture, or Commercialize anywhere in the Territory any compounds or products that Modulate Selectively or are
intended to Modulate Selectively a Research Target, other than performing Target Validation Activities or Researching Research Compounds, each in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement[***].  Notwithstanding the foregoing,
[***]. 
 (ii) During the Term, Pliant and its Affiliates will not, and will cause its licensees, and sublicensees not to, alone
or with or through any Third Parties (including through licensing any Third Party), Research, Develop, Manufacture, or Commercialize anywhere in the Territory any [***] other than Researching Research Compounds and Selected Research Compounds (as
applicable) in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement. 
 (b) Licensed Compounds and Licensed
Products. During the Term Pliant and its Affiliates will not, and will cause its licensees, and sublicensees not to, alone or with or through any Third Parties (including through licensing any Third Party), Research, Develop, Manufacture, or
Commercialize anywhere in the Territory (i) a Licensed Compound or Licensed Product; [***] in each case other than Researching, Developing, or Manufacturing Licensed Compounds or Licensed Products in accordance with the terms and conditions of this
Agreement.   
 (c) IPF Exclusivity.  During the Term, NVS and its Affiliates will not, and will cause its
licensees, and sublicensees not to, alone or with or through any third Parties (including through licensing any Third Party), Research, Develop, Manufacture, or Commercialize anywhere in the Territory a Licensed Compound or Licensed Product for the
treatment, diagnosis, or prophylaxis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) other than pursuant to this Agreement.
 4.5 No
Other Rights. Each Party expressly reserves and retains all Patents, Know-How, or other Intellectual Property Rights not expressly granted herein, and no right or license under any Patents, Know-How, or other Intellectual Property Rights of
either Party is granted or shall be granted by implication.
 4.6 Pliant Know-How Transfer. Within [***] days of the
Effective Date, and for no additional compensation, Pliant will deliver to NVS copies of: (a) Pliant Know-How related to the Licensed Compound and Licensed Product(s); and (b) any other Pliant Know-How that is necessary or reasonably useful for the
Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization of Licensed Compounds or Licensed Products in accordance with this Agreement, in each case of (a) and (b), as set forth on Exhibit E. Thereafter, on a continuing basis during the Term, Pliant
shall promptly, and for no additional compensation, and at a minimum no less frequently than [***] through the JSC, JDC, or JRC, as applicable, disclose to NVS all additional Pliant Know-How related to any Product that comes into existence since the
prior disclosure, and will provide reasonable assistance to NVS in connection with understanding and using all such Pliant Know-How for purposes consistent with the licenses and rights granted to NVS hereunder.  For clarity, in no event shall
Pliant be obligated to transfer to NVS any Know-How that relates to Pliant's [***].
  25

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 5. GOVERNANCE

5.1 Alliance Managers. Promptly following the Effective Date, each Party shall designate an individual to facilitate
communication and coordination of the Parties' activities under this Agreement and to provide support and guidance to the JSC (each, an "Alliance Manager"). Each Alliance Manager may also serve as a representative of its respective Party on
one (1) or more Committees other than the JSC.
 5.2 Joint Steering Committee.
 (a) Purpose; Formation. Within [***] days of the Effective Date, the Parties shall establish a joint steering committee (the "JSC"). The JSC shall monitor, make
decisions, and provide strategic oversight of the activities under this Agreement and facilitate communications between the Parties with respect to the Research, Development, and Commercialization of the Compounds and Products.

(b) Specific Responsibilities. In addition to providing general oversight with respect to the Parties' activities under this
Agreement, the JSC shall in particular have the following responsibilities: (i) prior to the Development Candidate Selection Date, on a Research Target-by-Research Target basis, review and approve each Research Plan (including the Research Budget)
for a Research Target, and any amendments thereto (including amending the FTEs provided for under any such Research Plan); (ii) following the Development Candidate Selection Date, on a Research Target-by-Research Target basis, review and discuss the
Research and Development of Research Products; (iii) solely during the Initial Development Period, review and approve the Development Plan (including the associated budgets), and any amendments thereto (including amending the FTEs provided for under
any such Licensed Product Development Plan); (iv) following the Initial Development Period, review and discuss the Development of Licensed Products; (v) review and discuss the regulatory strategy for the Licensed Products; (vi) review, discuss and
coordinate the Parties' scientific presentation and publication strategy with respect to the Licensed Products; (vii) facilitate the flow of information with respect to the Development and Commercialization of the Products; (viii)  receive and
discuss reports from the other Committees; (ix) provide guidance to the other Committees on all significant strategic issues that fall within the scope of such Committees; (x) establish such additional joint subcommittees as it deems necessary to
achieve the objectives and intent of this Agreement; (xi) resolve disputes for which it is responsible as provided in this Agreement; and (xii) perform such other functions as expressly provided in this Agreement. 

5.3 Joint Research Committee.

(a) Purpose; Formation. Within [***] days of the Effective Date, the Parties shall establish a committee to oversee the Research
Programs (the "JRC").
 (b) Specific Responsibilities. On a Research Target-by-Research Target basis, prior to the
Development Candidate Selection Date for a Research Compound for such Research Target, the JRC shall be responsible for: (i) discussing, preparing, and recommending for submission to the JSC for approval, each Research Plan (including the Research
Budget) and all amendments thereto (including any amendments to the FTEs provided under such Research Plan); (ii) overseeing and directing the Research Plan Activities; (iii) reviewing and discussing all reports describing the Research Plan
Activities and the Research Results; and (iv) performing such other functions as may be expressly provided in this Agreement. 
  26

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 5.4 Joint Development
Committee.
 (a) Purpose; Formation. Within [***] days of the Effective Date, the Parties shall establish a committee to
oversee and coordinate the Development activities of the Parties with respect to each Licensed Product during the Initial Development Period (the "JDC").
 (b) Specific Responsibilities. The JDC shall in particular have the following responsibilities, in each case, solely during the Initial Development Period: (i) 
reviewing and recommending for approval by the JSC, the Development Plan and any amendments to the Development Plan for Licensed Products (including the associated Development Budget and amending the FTEs provided for under such Development Plan);
(ii)  reviewing and monitoring the Parties' Development activities and progress against the Development Plan, including facilitating discussions between the Parties regarding the Development of such Licensed Products; (iii) reviewing and
discussing Regulatory Filings and all Regulatory Materials for any Licensed Product; (iv) overseeing Manufacturing of Licensed Products used in Development activities, including discussing any potential supply issues, interruptions, the outcome of
any Regulatory Authority inspection of Manufacturing facilities used by or on behalf of Pliant, and any remedial actions required if any as a result of such inspection; (v) discussing the Development reports; and (vi) performing such other functions
as expressly provided in this Agreement. 
 5.5 Operational Teams. From time-to-time, the JSC, JRC, or JDC may
establish and delegate specific matters or duties within its responsibilities to directed teams (each, an "Operational Team"), the composition, operation, and responsibilities of which will be determined by the applicable establishing
Committee. Operational Teams may be established on an ad hoc basis for purposes of a specific activity or on such other basis as the applicable establishing Committee may determine. Each Operational Team will report to, and its
activities will be subject to the oversight of, the applicable establishing Committee and no Operational Team's authority may exceed that specified for the applicable establishing Committee. Any disagreement between the representatives of the
Parties on any Operational Teams will be referred to the applicable establishing Committee for resolution in accordance with Section 5.7. 

5.6 Committee Representatives and Meetings.
 (a) Committee Representatives. Each Party shall initially appoint [***] representatives to each Committee. Each Committee may change its size from time to time;
provided, that the JSC and JDC shall each consist at all times of an equal number of representatives of each of Pliant and NVS. Each Committee representative shall have appropriate knowledge and expertise and sufficient seniority (including
for at least one such Committee representative of a Party, budgetary authority, as applicable) within the applicable Party to make decisions (if any) arising within the scope of the applicable Committee's responsibilities. Each Party may replace its
representatives on any Committee upon written notice to the other Party. Each Party shall appoint one (1) of its representatives on each Committee to act as a co-chairperson of such Committee. The responsibility for running each meeting of each
Committee shall alternate between the co-chairpersons of such Committee from meeting-to-meeting, with [***]'s co-chairperson running the first meeting of each Committee. The co-chairpersons of each Committee shall jointly prepare and circulate
agendas to such Committee's representatives before each such Committee meeting and shall direct the preparation of reasonably detailed documentation for each such Committee meeting, which shall be approved by the Committee's co-chairpersons and
circulated to Committee representatives within [***] days of such meeting.
  27

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (b) Non-Committee
Representatives. Each Party may from time to time invite a reasonable number of participants, in addition to its representatives, to attend Committee meetings in a non-voting capacity; provided, that if either Party intends to have any
Third Party attend such a meeting, such Party shall obtain the other Party's prior written consent for such Third Party to attend such meeting, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed. Such Party shall ensure that
each such Third Party is bound by confidentiality and non-use obligations no less protective of the Parties' Confidential Information than those set forth in this Agreement and invention assignment obligations consistent with Section
11.1.
 (c) Meetings. Each Committee shall hold meetings at such times as it elects to do so, but at least [***] unless
otherwise agreed by the Parties; provided, that the JSC shall hold its first meeting no later than [***] days after the Effective Date. Meetings of any Committee may be held in person or by audio or video teleconference; provided, that
unless otherwise agreed by the Parties, at least [***] shall be held in person. The Alliance Managers may attend meetings of the JSC in a non-voting capacity (unless such Alliance Manager also serves as a representative to such Committee). Each
Party shall be responsible for all of its own costs and expenses of participating in any Committee meetings. No action taken at any meeting of a Committee shall be effective unless [***] of each Party are participating in such meeting.

(d) Dissolution. Each Committee will continue to exist until the earlier of completion of such Committee's obligations under this
Agreement or mutual agreement of the Parties to disband such Committee; provided, that following the dissolution of the JSC, the JSC may, upon the Parties' agreement, continue to meet on a Calendar Quarterly basis (or more or less frequently,
if mutually agreed by the Parties) solely to serve as a forum for sharing and discussing information.
 5.7 Resolution of
Committee Disputes.
 (a) All decisions of each Committee shall be made by unanimous vote, with each Party's representatives
collectively having one (1) vote.
 (b) If, after reasonable discussion and good-faith consideration of each Party's view on a
particular matter before any Committee other than the JSC and within the scope of its authority, the representatives of the Parties cannot reach an agreement as to such matter within [***] Business Days after such matter was brought to such
Committee for resolution, such disagreement shall be referred to the JSC for resolution. If, after reasonable discussion and good-faith consideration of each Party's view on a particular matter before the JSC and within the scope of its authority,
the representatives of the Parties on the JSC cannot reach an agreement as to such matter within [***] Business Days after such matter was brought to the JSC for resolution or after such matter has been referred to the JSC from another Committee,
either Party may elect to submit such issue to the Parties' Senior Officers in accordance with Section 5.7(c).
 (c) If a Party
makes an election under Section 5.7(b) to refer a matter to the Senior Officers, the JSC will submit in writing the respective positions of the Parties to their respective Senior Officers.  Such Senior Officers will use good faith
efforts, in compliance with this Section 5.7(c), to resolve promptly such matter, which good faith efforts will include at least one meeting between such Senior Officers within [***] days after the JSC's submission of such matter to
them.  If the Senior Officers are unable to reach unanimous agreement on any such matter within [***] days of such matter being referred to them, the matter will be decided in accordance with Section 5.7(d). 

 28

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (d) If the Senior
Officers cannot in good faith resolve such matter within [***] days after such matter has been referred to them, then subject to Section 5.7(e),  then [***] with respect to any unresolved dispute concerning matters within the
decision-making authority of the JSC as set forth in this Article 5, except that [***] authority to [***]. 

(e) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, each Committee shall have only the powers assigned expressly to it in this
Article 5 and elsewhere in this Agreement, and no Committee shall have any power to amend, modify or waive compliance with this Agreement, or to impose additional financial obligations on a Party beyond those provided in this Agreement. For
clarity, Pliant shall not be obligated to undertake any Research Plan Activities that exceed the Reimbursement Cap, unless NVS agrees in writing to provide additional funding over the Reimbursement Cap to reimburse Pliant for such additional
Research Plan Activities.  In furtherance thereof, each Party shall retain the rights, powers and discretion granted to it under this Agreement, and matters that are specified in this Article 5 only to be reviewed and discussed (as
opposed to approved) do not require any agreement or decision by either Party and are not subject to the voting and decision-making procedures set forth in this Section 5.7.
 6. DEVELOPMENT 
 6.1 Licensed Products.

(a) Responsibility. During the Initial Development Period and subject to the oversight of the JSC and the JDC, the Parties will
collaborate on Development of the Licensed Compounds and Licensed Product in accordance with this Agreement and the Development Plan (and associated Development Budget) for such Licensed Product, including conducting any necessary Research to
support IND filing for such Licensed Product.  After the Initial Development Period, subject to review by the JSC, NVS shall be solely responsible for the Development of the Licensed Compounds and Licensed Product throughout the Territory, at
its own cost and expense, including, without limitation, the (i) performance of Clinical Studies on Licensed Products, (ii) subject to Section 8.1(b), manufacture and supply of Licensed Compounds and Licensed Products for use in Development,
and (iii) preparation and submission of any and all Regulatory Materials for the Licensed Products in the Territory.

(b) Development Plans. The Parties have attached as Exhibit F an initial Development plan for the Licensed Product
(a "Development Plan").  Each update to the Development Plan will set forth all activities that are necessary or useful to be undertaken to achieve Regulatory Approval for such Licensed Product, and will allocate responsibility for the
performance of each such activity to one or both of the Parties, which allocation shall provide for Pliant being responsible for conducting GLP Toxicology Studies and GMP synthesis of Licensed Product, as well as Manufacture of Licensed Product,
subject to a Clinical Supply Agreement and associated Clinical Quality Assurance Agreement, sufficient for the conduct of the FIH Study, and NVS being responsible for conducting Clinical Studies after the Initial Development Period. The Development
activities set forth in the Development Plan will at all times be designed to be in compliance with all Applicable Law and in accordance with professional and ethical standards customary in the pharmaceutical industry. The Development Plan will be
consistent with the terms of this Agreement. From time to time, [***] (i) during the Initial Development Period, the Parties will jointly develop and submit, or either Party may propose for submission, updates or amendments to the Development Plan
for the Licensed Product for the JDC's review and recommendation to the JSC for approval; and (ii) after the Initial Development Period, NVS will develop and submit updates or amendments to the Development Plan to the JSC for review and discussion
purposes.
  29

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (c) Development
Budgets. During the Initial Development Period, the Development Plan for the Licensed Product will contain a rolling budget covering Development Costs and Development Manufacturing Costs for the FIH Study associated with the anticipated
Development activities for the Licensed Product to be performed during [***], and a forecast of the budget of Development Costs and Development Manufacturing Costs for [***] through completion of all Development activities set forth in any such
Development Plan (each, a "Development Budget").  The Development Budget will be reviewed and approved by the JDC and JSC (i) [***] at the same time as the Development Plan update or amendment as specified under Section 6.1(b)
based on: (A) the Parties' good faith estimation of the anticipated Development activities to be conducted during the relevant [***] period; and (B) information prepared by the Parties in good faith for their own internal planning processes relating
to anticipated Development activities for the Licensed Product; or (ii) whenever the estimated total Development Costs within the Development Budget are reasonably expected to increase by at least [***] percent ([***]%) relative to the Development
Budget, whether as a result of any amendments to the Development Plan, or increases in costs for the Development activities already planned. Once approved by the JSC, the [***] of such [***] period of each relevant Development Budget shall become
JSC approved Development Costs.  Following the Initial Development Period, NVS will not have the obligation to provide Pliant or the JSC with a budget for continuing Development Costs or updates thereto.
 (d) Conduct of Development Activities. NVS and Pliant will each use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to perform their respective Development activities in accordance
with the Development Plan. In performing its respective Development activities, each Party: (i) will conduct such activities in a good scientific manner, in compliance with all Applicable Law in all material respects, including, where applicable,
cGMP, cGLP, cGCP, and current international regulatory standards; and (ii) will not employ or use any Debarred Person.  After the Initial Development Period, NVS will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to Develop at least one Licensed
Product.
 (e) Development Costs. With respect to the Licensed Product, during the Initial Development Period, NVS will be
responsible for one hundred percent (100%) of all Development Costs set forth in the JSC approved Development Plan. During the Initial Development Period commencing upon the first Calendar Quarter immediately following JSC approval of the
Development Plan for the Licensed Product and continuing thereafter so long as Pliant incurs Development Costs under this Agreement, Pliant will, within [***] Business Days of such Calendar Quarter submit to NVS a report setting forth the
Development Costs it incurred in such Calendar Quarter with respect to Licensed Products as approved by the JSC.  Each such report will specify in reasonable detail all such costs, and, if requested by NVS, any such invoices or other supporting
documentation for any Out-of-Pocket Costs paid or payable to a Third Party or with respect to which documentation is otherwise reasonably requested will be promptly provided, and in the case of the report provided for the fourth Calendar Quarter of
a given Calendar Year, shall additionally include an assessment of actual aggregate costs incurred for the preceding four (4) Calendar Quarters compared with the JSC approved Development Budget for the same Calendar Year.  NVS will reimburse
the Development Costs incurred by Pliant as detailed in such report within [***] days of receipt of Pliant's invoice for such amount, which invoice will be delivered by Pliant to NVS no sooner than [***] days following NVS' receipt of the report
from Pliant; provided, however, that in the event of any disagreement with respect to the calculation of such reimbursable Development Costs, any undisputed portion of such reimbursement payment will be paid in accordance with the foregoing
timetable and the remaining, disputed portion will be paid within [***] Business Days after the date on which the Parties, using good faith efforts, resolve the dispute. Notwithstanding the foregoing, during
the Initial Development Period, NVS will not be obligated to reimburse Pliant for any Development Costs for Licensed Products in excess of [***] dollars ($[***]) (the "Development Reimbursement Cap").  Following the Initial Development Period, NVS will be solely responsible for, at its sole
cost and expense, Developing the Licensed Product. 
  30

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (f) Records.
Each Party will maintain, and cause its Affiliates and their respective employees and permitted subcontractors to maintain, scientific records, in sufficient detail and in a good scientific manner appropriate for scientific, regulatory, and
intellectual property purposes and in compliance with cGLP with respect to activities that require cGLP compliance to be submitted in Regulatory Filings (including INDs and NDAs), which records will: (i) be segregated from other activities not
performed under this Agreement; and (ii) be complete, accurate, and fully and accurately reflect all work done, data and developments made, and results achieved in the performance of the Development activities. NVS will have the right to audit and
request a copy of such records in Pliant and its Affiliates and their respective employees and subcontractors from time to time during the Term.
 (g) Reports. During the Initial Development Period, each Party will: (i) provide to the JDC, on a Calendar Quarterly basis, or more frequently as reasonably requested
by the JDC, an update regarding any Development activities conducted by or on behalf of such Party; and (ii) promptly share with the other Party all material developments and information that it comes to possess relating to the Development of each
Licensed Product, including: (1) safety concerns; and (2) study reports and data generated from Clinical Studies. Following the Initial Development Period, NVS will provide to the JSC, on an annual basis, an update of its ongoing Development
Activities, including any material Development and regulatory activities for each Licensed Product under Development by or on behalf of NVS over the prior Calendar Year, and any planned future Development and regulatory activities with respect to
each Licensed Product under Development by or on behalf of NVS, including those activities it anticipates to initiate or have initiated for the following Calendar Year. 
 (h) Material Transfer. 
 (i) To facilitate the
activities contemplated by this Agreement, either Party (referred to in this Section 6.1(h) as the "Transferring Party") may provide to the other Party (referred to in this Section 6.1(h) as the "Material Receiving
Party") certain Materials owned by or licensed to the Transferring Party for use by the Material Receiving Party.  All transfers of such Materials by the Transferring Party to the Material Receiving Party will be documented in writing (the
"Transfer Record"), which Transfer Record will set forth the type and name of the Material transferred, the amount of Material transferred, the date of the transfer of such Material and the purpose for which such Material may be used by the
Material Receiving Party (the "Purpose").  Such Purpose may be in furtherance of the activities contemplated by this Agreement, in each case only as such activities are licensed and not subject to restrictive covenants under this
Agreement, or alternatively such Purpose may be narrower due to restrictions and obligations imposed by Third parties on the use of such Materials.  The Parties also agree not to impose any more restrictive uses on the Materials transferred
between one another than is necessary to comply with such restrictions and obligations imposed by Third Parties on the use of such Materials.

(ii) Except as otherwise provided under this Agreement, all such Materials delivered by the Transferring Party to the Material Receiving
Party shall remain the sole property of the Transferring Party, and shall only be used by the Material Receiving Party for the Purpose.  The Material Receiving Party shall cause the Materials to not be used by, delivered to or used for the
benefit of any Third Party without the prior written consent of the Transferring Party.  Further, except as otherwise provided under this Agreement, the Material Receiving Party shall not use the Materials in research or testing involving human
subjects, unless expressly agreed by the Transferring Party in writing and where such research and testing is undertaken in accordance with Applicable Law.  In addition, the transfer of any Materials hereunder for use in human subjects may only
be done in a manner compliant with a duly executed quality agreement between the Parties. 
 (iii) The Material Receiving Party
assumes all liability for losses that may arise from its use, storage, or disposal of the Materials.  The transferring Party will not be liable to the Material
  31
 
 

  Receiving Party for
any loss or Claim made by the Material Receiving Party or made against the Material Receiving Party by any Third Party, due to or arising from the use of the Materials, except when cause by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the
Transferring Party, or as otherwise expressly provided for under this Agreement. 
 (iv) Upon expiration or termination of this
Agreement with respect to a particular Target and subject to Section 15.4, the Material Receiving Party will return or destroy (as instructed by the Transferring Party) any proprietary Materials transferred pursuant to this Section 6.1(h)
relating to such Target (or all Targets in the event of expiration of the Agreement). 
 6.2 Research Compounds and Products.

(a) Responsibility and Costs. On a Research Target-by-Research Target Basis, NVS will be solely responsible for conducting, using
Commercially Reasonable Efforts and at its cost and expense, [***]. 
 (b) Reports. NVS will provide to the JSC, on an
annual basis for its review and discussion, a high level report summarizing: (i) any material Development and regulatory activities for each Selected Research Compound and/or Research Product under Development by or on behalf of NVS over the prior
Calendar Year; and (ii) any planned future Development and regulatory activities, including those activities it anticipates to initiate or have initiated for the following Calendar Year.
 (c) Additional Support. On a Research Target-by-Research Target Basis, following the Development Candidate Selection Date for such Research Target, NVS may request that
Pliant reasonably make available for consultation certain of its employees engaged in the Research Plan Activities in connection with NVS's Development of Selected Research Compounds and Research Products. Subject to internal capacity restraints,
Pliant will reasonably cooperate with NVS to provide: (i) up to [***] hours of consultation without charge to NVS; and (ii) any additional hours of consultation as NVS may reasonably request, for which NVS will pay Pliant a rate of [***] per hour of
such consultation services. 
 7. REGULATORY

7.1 Licensed Products.

(a) Responsibility for Regulatory Matters.
 (i) Regulatory Lead Party. Subject to the review and approval of the JDC, Pliant will be the Regulatory Lead Party for Licensed Products during the Initial Development
Period. Outside of the Initial Development Period for a Licensed Product, NVS will be the Regulatory Lead Party and will have sole responsibility for all regulatory matters relating to such Licensed Product, including with respect to Regulatory
Filings and meetings with Regulatory Authorities; provided, that Pliant will reasonably cooperate with NVS, without charge to NVS, to provide any reasonable additional assistance or materials reasonably requested by NVS prior to the First
Commercial Sale of such Licensed Product. 
 (ii) General. Subject to the review and approval of the JDC during the
Initial Development Period and JSC following the Initial Development Period, and this Section 7.1, the Regulatory Lead Party for a Licensed Product shall be responsible to (A) oversee, monitor and coordinate all regulatory actions,
communications, and filings with, and submissions to, each Regulatory Authority with respect thereto, (B) interface, correspond and meet with each Regulatory Authority with respect thereto, and (C) seek and maintain all Regulatory Filings with
respect to such Licensed Product; provided, however, that in no event will Pliant withdraw any Regulatory Filings for any Licensed Product without first obtaining NVS' prior written consent.
 
32

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

(iii) Transition. Upon the Development Transfer Date for a Licensed Product, (A) Pliant will promptly assign and transfer to NVS
or its designee all Regulatory Filings and other Regulatory Materials, including any IND for the Phase 1 Study, with respect to such Licensed Product in accordance with NVS' instructions, including all drug master files, all written correspondence
or minutes of meeting and memoranda of oral communications with any Regulatory Authority with respect to such Licensed Product (to the extent not already provided to NVS previously); and (B) each Party will submit to the applicable Regulatory
Authority all filings, letters and other documentation necessary to effect such assignment and transfer as soon as practicable, in an efficient and seamless manner, and no later than [***] days prior to the start of the first Clinical Study for such
Licensed Product commenced after the Initial Development Period.
 (iv) Right of Reference. Until the Development Transfer Date
for a Licensed Product, each Party hereby grants and will cause its Affiliates, licensees, and sublicensees to grant to the other Party, a right of reference to, and a right to access, copy and use, all information and data (including all CMC
information) included in or used in support of any drug master file maintained by or on behalf of such Party that relates to such Licensed Product to the extent necessary to Develop or Manufacture such Licensed Product in accordance with the
applicable Development Plan. From and after the Development Transfer Date, Pliant hereby grants and will cause its Affiliates, licensees, and sublicenses to grant to NVS, a right of reference to, and a right to copy, access, and otherwise use, all
information and data (including all CMC information) included in or used in support of any drug master file maintained by or on behalf of Pliant that relates to such Licensed Product to the extent not transferred to NVS pursuant to Section
7.1(a)(iii), except for any drug master file containing information relating to Pliant's proprietary [***] assays, which will be subject to Section 7.1(f).  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Pliant will not,
and will cause its Affiliates, licensees, and sublicensees not to, withdraw or inactivate any Regulatory Filing that NVS, its Affiliates or sublicensees reference or otherwise use pursuant to this Section 7.1(a)(iv). 

(b) Regulatory Meetings. During the Initial Development Period, Pliant shall: (i) provide NVS with reasonable advance notice of
all substantive meetings, conferences, and discussions (whether in person or by telephonic or video conference) with any Regulatory Authorities pertaining to such Licensed Product; (ii) provide draft briefing materials and meeting presentations for
review reasonably in advance and consider in good faith in the preparation of such meetings, conferences or discussion any input timely provided by NVS; and (iii) to the extent not prohibited by Applicable Law, grant NVS the right to participate in
any such meetings, conferences or discussions and facilitate such participation, provided that Pliant shall have the right to control any such meetings, conferences or discussions as between the Parties. If NVS elects not to participate in such
meetings, conferences or discussions, Pliant shall provide NVS, upon NVS' request, with written summaries of such meetings, conferences or discussions in English as soon as practicable after the conclusion thereof.  After the Development
Transfer Date, Pliant may be permitted to participate in such meetings, conferences or discussions at NVS's sole discretion. 

(c) Regulatory Filings. During the Initial Development Period, Pliant will: (i) provide NVS for review and comment, copies in
English of all Regulatory Filings and Regulatory Materials to be submitted (other than routine correspondence, administrative documents and excluding documents related to Pricing Approval) by or on behalf of Pliant prior to the relevant submission
in order to allow reasonable time for NVS to review and comment, whenever possible, at least [***] days in advance of their intended date of submission to a Regulatory Authority; (ii) incorporate all reasonable comments thereto provided by NVS; and
(iii) promptly notify and provide to NVS any Regulatory Materials (other than routine correspondence, administrative documents and excluding documents related to Pricing Approval) received from any Regulatory Authority with respect to such Licensed
Product.  After the Development Transfer Date, NVS will provide Pliant copies in English of all material Regulatory Filings and Regulatory Materials that NVS submits to or receives from any Regulatory Authority (other than routine
correspondence, administrative documents and excluding documents related to Pricing Approval) with respect to such Licensed Product.  For the avoidance of doubt, all Regulatory Filings and Regulatory Materials with respect to a Licensed Product
will be deemed the Confidential Information of NVS. 
  33

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (d) Costs.
NVS will bear one hundred percent (100%) of the costs and expenses for all regulatory matters relating to a Licensed Product, except that Pliant will bear its own costs and expenses for its attendance at any meeting with a Regulatory Authority
pursuant to Section 7.1(b).
 (e) Regulatory Vouchers. [***] received with respect to any Licensed Product during the
Term, [***]; provided that [***].
 (f) [***] Assays.  If information relating to Pliant's [***] assays is required to be
submitted to any Regulatory Authority for NVS to obtain Regulatory Approval for a Licensed Product, then Pliant shall file a drug master file with such Regulatory Authority that includes such information.  Pliant hereby grants and will cause
its Affiliates, licensees, and sublicensees to grant to NVS, and at the request of NVS, its Affiliates or sublicensees, a right of reference to, and a right to copy, access, and otherwise use, all information and data (including all CMC information)
included in any such drug master file to the extent necessary to obtain Regulatory Approval for such Licensed Product.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Pliant will not, and will cause its Affiliates, licensees, and
sublicensees not to, withdraw or inactivate any drug master file that NVS, its Affiliates or sublicensees reference or otherwise use pursuant to this Section 7.1(f).  Pliant will own any such drug master file, which will be deemed the
Confidential Information of Pliant.  Pliant will give NVS written notice reasonably in advance of, and where possible, at least [***] Business Days prior to any material communication with Regulatory Authorities with respect to any such drug
master file, and in such written notice will provide NVS with [***].
 7.2 Research Products.
 (a) Responsibility and Costs for Regulatory Matters. NVS will be solely responsible, at its sole cost and expense, for determining the regulatory plans and strategies
and for all other regulatory matters relating to all Research Products, including: (i) overseeing, monitoring and coordinating all regulatory actions, communications and filings with, and submissions to, each Regulatory Authority with respect to
such Research Products; and (ii) interfacing, corresponding, and meeting with each Regulatory Authority.  Pliant will fully cooperate with and provide assistance to NVS and its designees upon NVS's request in connection with filings to any
Regulatory Authority relating to the Research Product(s), including by executing any required documents, providing access to personnel and providing NVS with copies of all reasonably required documentation.
 (b) Ownership of Regulatory Filings. NVS or its designee will own all Regulatory Filings and related Regulatory Material with respect to each Research Product,
including any drug master files maintained by or on behalf of Pliant exclusively related to such Research Product and all such Regulatory Filings and Regulatory Material will be deemed the Confidential Information of NVS. NVS will provide Pliant,
through the JSC, as part of the updates regarding Development activities described in Section 6.2(b), with [***] with respect to any Research Product during the preceding Calendar Year. [***] 
 (c) Right of Reference. Pliant hereby grants and will cause its Affiliates, licensees, and sublicensees to grant to NVS, and at the request of NVS, its Affiliates or
sublicensees, a right of reference to, and a right to copy, access, and otherwise use, all information and data (including all CMC information) included in or used in support of any drug master file maintained by or on behalf of Pliant that relates
to any Research Product to the extent necessary or useful to Research, Develop, Manufacture or Commercialize such Research Product. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Pliant will not, and will cause its Affiliates,
licensees, and sublicensees not to, withdraw or inactivate any Regulatory Filing that NVS, its Affiliates or sublicensees reference or otherwise use pursuant to this Section 7.2(c).
 
34

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (d) Integrin
Assays.  If information relating to Pliant's proprietary [***] assays is required to be submitted to any Regulatory Authority for NVS to obtain Regulatory Approval for a Research Product, then Pliant shall file a drug master file with such
Regulatory Authority that includes such information.  Pliant hereby grants and will cause its Affiliates, licensees, and sublicensees to grant to NVS, and at the request of NVS, its Affiliates or sublicensees, a right of reference to, and a
right to copy, access, and otherwise use, all information and data (including all CMC information) included in any such drug master file to the extent necessary to obtain Regulatory Approval for such Research Product.  Notwithstanding anything
to the contrary in this Agreement, Pliant will not, and will cause its Affiliates, licensees, and sublicensees not to, withdraw or inactivate any drug master file that NVS, its Affiliates or sublicensees reference or otherwise use pursuant to this
Section 7.2(d).  Pliant will own any such drug master file, which will be deemed the Confidential Information of Pliant.  Pliant will give NVS written notice reasonably in advance of, and where possible, at least [***] Business Days
prior to  any material communication with Regulatory Authorities with respect to any such drug master file, and in such written notice will provide NVS with a brief description of the principal issues raised in such communication and any
material changes to such drug master file that Pliant makes.
 7.3 Regulatory Vouchers. [***] received with respect to
any Research Product during the Term, [***]; provided that [***].
 7.4 Pharmacovigilance. The Parties shall cooperate
with regard to the reporting and handling of Adverse Events in accordance with Applicable Law and regulations on pharmacovigilance. [***].
 8. MANUFACTURING 
 8.1 Product Manufacturing.

(a) For Research. Subject to the oversight of the JSC and JRC, as applicable, Pliant will Manufacture (i) Research Compounds for
Research in accordance with the applicable Research Plan up to Development Candidate Selection; and (ii) Licensed Compound or Licensed Product required for Research in accordance with the applicable Development Plan, in each case ((i) and (ii)) in
accordance with quality standards in the industry for research purposes.
 (b)  For Development. Subject to the oversight of
the JSC and JDC, and in accordance with Applicable Law, Pliant will Manufacture or have Manufactured Licensed Products for Clinical Supply for use in the FIH Study during the Initial Development Period for such Licensed Product in accordance with
the applicable Clinical Supply Agreement and applicable Clinical Quality Assurance Agreement, and NVS will be responsible for Manufacture of Licensed Products for all other Clinical Studies, including, for the avoidance of doubt, the Hepatic
Impairment Study. To the extent that Pliant engages a Third Party to Manufacture Licensed Product, then Pliant shall only engage a Third Party that is [***] suitable for Manufacture of Licensed Product.  The Parties will collaborate via the JDC
to identify a suitable Third Party for such Manufacturing activities.  NVS will be responsible for Manufacture of all Selected Research Compounds and Research Products for use in Development and Clinical Studies.  At any time that Pliant
is Manufacturing or having Manufactured Licensed Products, NVS may elect, at its sole discretion, to transfer any responsibility for Manufacture of Licensed Product for which Pliant is responsible under this Section 8.1(b), from Pliant to
NVS.
  35

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (c) For
Commercial. NVS will have the right and responsibility to Manufacture or have Manufactured all Products for Commercial Supply.

8.2 Price for Supply of Products. NVS will be responsible for the reasonable documented Development Manufacturing Costs
actually incurred by Pliant directly in connection with the Manufacture and supply of Compounds and Product in accordance with the Research Plan(s) and Clinical Supply Agreement(s), as applicable; provided, that: (a) the costs for
Manufacturing Research Compounds during the Research Term shall be set forth in the applicable JSC-approved Research Budget; and (b) Products Manufactured and supplied pursuant to the applicable Clinical Supply Agreement shall be supplied to NVS at
a price equal to [***], and provided further that the Development Manufacturing Costs for supply of Licensed Products pursuant to Sections 8.1(a) and 8.1(b) are subject to the Development Reimbursement Cap,.

8.3 Clinical Supply Agreements. At such time as directed by the JSC and subject to the oversight of the JDC, the Parties
will, within [***] days of the Effective Date  negotiate in good faith one or more definitive supply agreements for Pliant to Manufacture and supply Product to NVS for Clinical Supply use of such Product in Clinical Studies prior to and
including the first Phase 1 Study, in accordance with this Agreement ("Clinical Supply Agreement(s)"), along with the associated quality agreement ("Clinical Quality Assurance Agreement"). The Clinical Supply Agreement and the Clinical
Quality Assurance Agreement will provide for customary terms and conditions, including pricing in accordance with Section 8.2, quality requirements, forecasting, ordering, delivery, technical criteria to be met, acceptance and rejection,
audit provision and payment, in each case, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
 8.4 Audit and
Inspection.  During such time that any Compound or Product is Manufactured by or on behalf of Pliant, Pliant grants NVS, and with respect to any CMO, will secure for NVS the right, in each case, at reasonable times, with reasonable
prior written notice, [***], to inspect Pliant's or such CMO's production facilities to: (a) perform a qualification audit; (b) confirm Pliant's or such CMO's compliance with cGMP, NVS Quality Requirements, the applicable specifications, and
Applicable Law; and (c) review relevant Manufacturing records with respect to Products, in each case, in accordance with the Clinical Quality Assurance Agreement.  The first such inspection will take place no later than [***] days after
the Effective Date.  If NVS observes a condition that causes it to believe that any Compounds or Products are not being Manufactured in accordance with cGMP, NVS Quality Requirements, or the applicable specifications or Applicable Law, then the
Parties will discuss and agree on any appropriate corrective actions to address such non-compliance, and Pliant will and will cause such CMO to implement any such corrective action, in each case, in accordance with the Clinical Quality Assurance
Agreement. If any Regulatory Authority or any other Governmental Authority conducts or gives notice of its intent to conduct any audit or inspection at any offices or facilities (including Manufacturing facilities) of Pliant or any CMO where such
audit or inspection relates to any Compounds or Products, then Pliant will promptly, but in any event within [***] hours, give notice thereof to NVS and, to the extent such audit or inspection relates to a Compound or Product and to the extent
practicable and not prohibited by Applicable Law, secure for NVS the right to participate in any such audit or inspection. Pliant shall ensure that all such rights set forth in this Section 8.4 apply to all Third Party subcontractors and
suppliers used by Pliant.
 8.5 Technology Transfer. At the time designated by NVS for transferring responsibility to
Manufacture Products to NVS or its designee(s), Pliant will make available to NVS and its designees all additional Pliant Know-How that is necessary or reasonably useful to enable NVS or its Affiliates to Manufacture or have Manufactured Product but
in all cases excluding Pliant's proprietary [***] assays (the "Pliant Manufacturing Know-How"), including by providing copies or samples of relevant documentation, Pliant's Materials, and other embodiments of such Pliant's Manufacturing
Know-How. Without limiting the foregoing, the transfer shall include (to the extent Pliant has the right to transfer such items under its agreements with Third Party subcontractors, as applicable): (a) transferring copies of technical documentation,
specifications, patents and procedures, and tangible embodiments of the Pliant Manufacturing Know-How; (b) providing access to a sufficient number of Pliant's qualified scientists, production and quality assurance personnel and engineers, as well as
quality control personnel; (c) allowing reasonable access to the Manufacturing sites, CMOs and Affiliates involved in the Manufacture of the applicable Products; and (d) any other support or training reasonably requested by NVS to facilitate such
transfer. All such transfer and assistance shall be at Pliant's cost and expense. The JSC shall coordinate the transfer of the Pliant Manufacturing Know-How pursuant to this Section 8.5.
 
36

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

9. COMMERCIALIZATION
 NVS will be solely responsible, at its sole
cost and expense, for all aspects of Commercialization of Products in the Territory, including planning and implementation, distribution, booking of sales, pricing and reimbursement. Following receipt of the applicable Regulatory Approvals for a
Product, NVS shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts, at its expense, to Commercialize such Product in at least [***].
 10. FINANCIAL PROVISIONS

10.1 Initial License Fee. NVS shall pay to Pliant within  [***]  days after receipt of an invoice from Pliant,
which invoice shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit G (the "Invoice") and issued promptly following the Effective Date[***] one-time payment of [***] Dollars ($[***]). 
 10.2 Target Validation Fee. Subject to Section 3.1, and where applicable Section 15.6, no later than [***] days after receipt of an Invoice from
Pliant, which Invoice shall be issued by Pliant promptly following the date on which Pliant receives NVS' notice of Target Validation pursuant to Section 3.1, NVS shall pay to Pliant a fee (each, a "Target Validation Fee") of [***]
Dollars ($[***]) for each Candidate Target that achieves Target Validation and is deemed a Research Target, for up to three (3) Research Targets. For clarity, in no event shall the aggregate Target Validation Fee payments to Pliant exceed [***]
Dollars ($[***]).
 10.3 Development Milestone Payments. Subject to Section 10.3(d), on a Licensed
Product-by-Licensed Product or a Research Target-by-Research Target basis, as applicable, NVS shall make one-time milestone payments to Pliant (each, a "Development Milestone Payment") upon the first (1st) achievement of each
milestone event set forth in this Section 10.3 (each, a "Development Milestone Event") as set forth in the applicable table below with respect to a Licensed Product or Research Product, as applicable.

(a) Licensed Product. Subject to Section 10.3(c) and Section 10.3(d), NVS shall make the Development Milestone
Payments provided below to Pliant upon the first (1st) achievement of the corresponding Development Milestone Event for the applicable Licensed Product. Each Development Milestone Payment will be payable only once with respect to the
first Licensed Product that achieves such Development Milestone Event, notwithstanding the number of Licensed Products that may achieve the applicable Development Milestone Event nor the number of times a Licensed Product achieves such Development
Milestone Event.

	 Development Milestone
Event for a Licensed Product
 	 Development Milestone
Payment (USD)
 
	
1. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	
2. [***]
 	
$[***]
 
	 3. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	
4. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	
5. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	
6. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	
7. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	 Licensed Product Development Milestone Cap
 	 [***]
 

 

 37

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (b) Research
Targets. Subject to Section 10.3(c) and Section 10.3(d), NVS shall make the Development Milestone Payments provided below to Pliant upon the first (1st) achievement of the corresponding Development Milestone Event by a
Research Product for each Research Target. Each series of Development Milestone Payments will be payable only once with respect to the first Research Product that achieves such Development Milestone Event for a Research Target, notwithstanding the
number of Research Products that may achieve the applicable Development Milestone Event for such Research Target, nor the number of times a Research Product achieves such Development Milestone Events, and in all cases, only with respect to up to
three (3)  Research Targets.

	 Development Milestone
Event for a Research Product
 	 Development Milestone
Payment (USD)
 
	
1. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	
2. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	
3. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	
4. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	
5. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	
6. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	
7. [***]
 	 $[***]
 
	 Research Target Development Milestone Cap
 	 [***]
 

(c) [***].

(d) Additional Development Milestone Terms. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the purpose of construing the Development
Milestone Payments specified in the above tables:
 (i) Cap on Licensed Products. The aggregate total of all Development
Milestone Payments made with respect to the Licensed Product shall not exceed the amount identified as the Licensed Product Development Milestone Cap in the table above.  Each Development Milestone Payment for Licensed Product shall be payable
only on the first (1st) occurrence of the achievement of the applicable Development Milestone Event of any Licensed Product, as applicable, and none of the Development Milestone Payments shall be payable more than once.

(ii) Cap on Research Targets. The aggregate total of all Development Milestone Payments made with respect to Research Targets
shall not exceed the amount identified as the Research Target Development Milestone Cap in the table above, for up to a total of three (3) Research Targets. Each Development Milestone Payment for a Research Target shall be payable only on the first
(1st) occurrence of the achievement of the applicable Development Milestone Event of a Research Product for such Research Target, and no Development Milestone Payment shall be payable more than once with respect to any Research
Target.
  38

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (iii) Without
limiting the foregoing, if Development of a Product is terminated after a Development Milestone Event is achieved with respect to such Product, then the corresponding Development Milestone Payment shall not be due on any subsequent achievement of
the same Development Milestone Event by a subsequent Product for such Target. All such Development Milestone Payments are subject to the terms, where applicable, of Section 15.2(a)(ii) and Section 15.6.

(e) Payment Terms for Development Milestone Payments. NVS shall provide Pliant with written notice of the achievement of each
Development Milestone Event for which payment is due hereunder within [***] days after such Development Milestone Event has been achieved. After receipt of such notice, Pliant shall submit an Invoice to NVS for the corresponding Development
Milestone Payment. Subject to the terms, where applicable, of Section 15.2(a)(ii) and Section 15.6, NVS shall make the corresponding Development Milestone Payment to Pliant within [***] days after receipt of such Invoice, and each such
payment [***].
 10.4 Commercial Milestone Payments.
 (a) Subject to Section 10.4(b) and Section 10.4(c), NVS shall make one (1)-time payments of each of the sales milestone payments indicated below (each, a
"Commercial Milestone Payment") to Pliant when the aggregate Annual Net Sales of Licensed Products first achieves the Dollar values indicated in the table below (each, a "Commercial Milestone Event"). Commercial Milestone Payments will
be payable only once with respect to a Licensed Product, notwithstanding the number of Licensed Products that may achieve the applicable Commercial Milestone Event nor the number of times a Licensed Product achieves such Commercial Milestone
Event.

	 Commercial Milestone
Event
 	 Commercial Milestone
Payment (USD)
 
	 Aggregate Annual Net
Sales Equal to or Above $[***]
 	 $[***]
 
	 Aggregate Annual Net
Sales Equal to or Above $[***]
 	 $[***]
 
	 Aggregate Annual Net Sales Equal to or Above $[***]

	 $[***]
 

(b) Additional Commercial Milestone Terms. The aggregate total of all Commercial Milestone Payments made shall not exceed
[***].  All such Commercial Milestone Payments are subject to the terms, where applicable, of Section 15.2(a)(ii) and Section 15.6.
 (c) Payment Terms for Commercial Milestone Payments. NVS shall include written notice of achievement of each Commercial Milestone Event in the Sales and Royalty Report
pursuant to Section 10.11(b). Subject to the terms, where applicable, of Section 15.2(a)(ii) and Section 15.6, NVS shall make the corresponding Commercial Milestone Payment to Pliant coincident with payment of royalties pursuant
to Section 10.11(b), and each such Commercial Milestone Payment [***].
 10.5 Royalties. During the applicable
Royalty Term and subject to Section 10.6 and Section 10.7, NVS shall make royalty payments to Pliant, on a Product-by-Product basis, based on Annual Net Sales of the applicable Product within the Field in the Territory by NVS, its
Affiliates, and its sublicensees at the applicable rates set forth below. All such royalty payments are subject to the terms, where applicable, of Section 15.2(a)(ii) and Section 15.6.
 
39

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (a) Licensed
Products. Subject to Section 10.6, NVS shall pay to Pliant royalties, during the Royalty Term, on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, on Annual Net Sales for each Licensed Product within the Field in the Territory at the royalty
rates set forth below.

	 Portion of Annual Net
Sales
 	 Royalty
Rate
 
	 Portion of Annual
Net Sales from $0 up to and including $[***]
 	 [***]%
 
	 Portion of Annual
Net Sales from $[***] up to and including $[***]
 	 [***]%
 
	 Portion of Annual
Net Sales from $[***] up to and including [***]
 	 [***]%
 
	 Portion of Annual Net Sales greater than $[***]
 	 [***]%
 

(b) Research Products. Subject to Section 10.6 and Section 10.7, NVS shall pay to Pliant royalties, during the
Royalty Term, on a Research Product-by-Research Product basis, on Annual Net Sales for each Research Product in the Territory at the royalty rates set forth below

	 Portion of Annual Net
Sales
 	 Royalty
Rate
 
	 Portion of Annual
Net Sales from $0 up to and including $[***]
 	 [***]%
 
	 Portion of Annual
Net Sales from $[***] up to and including $[***]
 	 [***]%
 
	 Portion of Annual
Net Sales from $[***] up to and including [***]
 	 [***]%
 
	 Portion of Annual Net Sales greater than $[***]
 	 [***]%
 

10.6 Additional Royalty Terms.

(a) Royalty Term. Subject to this Section 10.6, on a Product-by-Product and country-by-country basis, the royalties due
under Section 10.5 shall be payable on Annual Net Sales commencing from the First Commercial Sale of such Product in a country until the latest of: (i) expiration of the last Valid Claim of the Pliant Patents or Joint Product Patents Covering
the sale of such Product in such country; (ii) ten (10) years from the date of the First Commercial Sale of such Product in such country; or (iii) expiration of all Regulatory Exclusivity for such Product in such country (the "Royalty
Term").
 (b) Know-How Royalty; Loss of Market Exclusivity. If, during the Royalty Term, the relevant Product is (i) not
Covered by a Valid Claim of a Pliant Patent or Joint Product Patent in the applicable country, or (ii) there is a Loss of Market Exclusivity in such country, then for so long as there is no Valid Claim in such country during the Royalty Term or
there is a Loss of Market Exclusivity in such country during the Royalty Term, as applicable, the Net Sales for such country to be included in worldwide Annual Net Sales for the purposes of the calculation of royalties due to Pliant pursuant to
Section 10.5 will be reduced by [***] percent ([***]%). 
 (c) One Royalty. Only one royalty shall be due under
this Agreement: (i) with respect to the sale of the same unit of Product; and (ii) on the sale of a Product even if the Manufacture or Commercialization of such Product Covered more than one Valid Claim of the Pliant Patents or Joint Product
Patents.
  40

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (d) Compulsory
Licenses and Other Step-In Rights. In the event that NVS, its Affiliates or any sublicensees are required to grant any licenses or other rights to a Third Party, including any Governmental Authority, to Develop, Manufacture, or Commercialize a
Product, whether as a result of the actions of any Governmental Authority or the exercise of any rights by an Upstream Party, or in the event any Governmental Authority exercises its right to substantially reduce the price at which such Product is
sold in such country, then the royalty rates set forth in Section 10.5 shall not apply, and instead, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith reduced royalty rates for each such Product reflecting the applicable market for such Product in
such country; subject to Expert Resolution in accordance with Section 18.1(b) in the event the Parties are unable to agree on such terms [***] days after the commencement of such negotiations.
 10.7 Third Party Obligations.
 (a) In the event that
NVS reasonably determines that Intellectual Property Rights Controlled by a Third Party would be [***] to Research, Develop, Manufacture, or Commercialize a Licensed Product or Research Product in the Field in the Territory under this Agreement (but
not any Active Ingredient included in such Licensed Product that is not a Licensed Compound or in such Research Product that is not a Selected Research Compound), NVS shall have the right to negotiate and acquire such Intellectual Property Rights
through a license or otherwise (including pursuant to any settlement agreement); provided that where such Third Party Intellectual Property Rights are [***], NVS will first provide Pliant with written notice of any such Third Party license
that it intends to enter, and Pliant will have the right to enter into such Third Party license itself within [***] months of Pliant's receipt of such notice on terms and conditions determined by Pliant with Pliant responsible for all costs and
expenses incurred in connection with securing any such license, and whereby such Third Party Intellectual Property Rights licensed by Pliant shall be deemed Pliant Technology. If Pliant does not obtain such license, or where such Third Party
Intellectual Property Right is [***] NVS will have the right to negotiate and acquire such Intellectual Property Rights through a license or otherwise (including pursuant to any settlement agreement), under terms and conditions to be determined by
NVS, and to deduct from any payments on such Product as set forth in Section 10.5 due to Pliant with respect to a given Calendar Quarter, [***] percent ([***]%) of the amounts paid (including milestone payments, royalties, settlement
payments, or other payments) by or on behalf of NVS to such Third Party for any Intellectual Property Rights that are necessary or reasonably useful to Research, Develop, Manufacture, or Commercialize such Licensed Product or Research Product,
subject to the limitation set forth in Section 10.8. 
 (b) Notwithstanding anything
to the contrary in this Agreement, subject to Section 11.8, Pliant shall remain solely responsible for the payment of royalty, milestone, and other payment obligations, if any, due to Third Parties in connection with any Third Party License
under which Pliant Technology has been or is licensed to Pliant and is sublicensed to NVS under this Agreement (the "Pliant Third Party Obligations"). All such payments in respect of the Pliant Third Party Obligations shall be made promptly
by Pliant in accordance with the terms of its agreements with the applicable Pliant Third Party License, and Pliant shall promptly inform NVS after each such payment has been made. In the event that, pursuant to Section 16.4(b), NVS elects to
cure any alleged breach by Pliant or its Affiliates under any Third Party License sublicensed to NVS hereunder, NVS will have the right to deduct [***] by or on behalf of NVS to such Third Party against any payments on such Product as set forth in
Sections 10.3, 10.4 or 10.5 due to Pliant with respect to a given Calendar Quarter[***].
 10.8 Royalty
Minimum. Except as provided in [***] or Section 15.6], in no event will the applicable royalty otherwise due to Pliant in a Calendar Quarter be reduced by more than [***] percent ([***]%) relative to the rates set forth in
Section 10.5 due to the deductions contemplated hereunder; provided, that, in each of the foregoing circumstances, any such reduction not fully taken as a result of the application of this Section 10.8 may be carried forward and
applied against future royalties otherwise owed. 
  41

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 10.9 Other
Amounts Payable. With respect to any amounts owed under this Agreement by one Party to the other for which no other invoicing and payment procedure is specified in this Article 10, within [***] days after the end of each Calendar Quarter,
each Party will provide an invoice, together with reasonable supporting documentation, to the other Party for such amounts owed in respect of such Calendar Quarter. The owing Party will pay any undisputed amounts within [***] days of receipt of the
invoice, and any disputed amounts owed by a Party will be paid within [***] days of resolution of the dispute in accordance with Section 18.1(a).
 10.10 No Projections. Pliant and NVS acknowledge and agree that nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as representing an estimate or projection of anticipated
sales of any Product, and that the Development or Commercial Milestone Events and Net Sales levels set forth above or elsewhere in this Agreement or that have otherwise been discussed by the Parties are merely intended to define the Development or
Commercial Milestone Events and royalty obligations to Pliant in the event such Development or Commercial Milestone Events or Net Sales levels are achieved. NEITHER PLIANT NOR NVS MAKES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, THAT
IT WILL BE ABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY DEVELOP OR COMMERCIALIZE ANY PRODUCT OR, IF COMMERCIALIZED, THAT ANY PARTICULAR NET SALES LEVEL OF SUCH PRODUCT WILL BE ACHIEVED.
 10.11 Payment Terms.
 (a) Manner of Payment. All payments to be
made by a Party hereunder will be made in Dollars by wire transfer to such bank account as the other Party may designate in writing. Any payment which falls due on a date which is not a Business Day in the location from which the payment will be
made may be made on the next succeeding Business Day in such location. For the avoidance of doubt, no payment obligations shall be incurred by either Party under or in connection with this Agreement unless and until the Effective Date.

(b) Reports and Royalty Payments. For as long as royalties are due under Section 10.5, NVS shall furnish to Pliant a Sales
& Royalty Report, within [***] days after the end of each Calendar Quarter, showing the amount of Annual Net Sales of Products and the royalty due for such Calendar Quarter. Upon receipt of such written report, Pliant shall issue an Invoice to
NVS and NVS shall pay such royalties within [***] days of receipt by NVS of such written Invoice for the Calendar Quarter.

(c) Currency Exchange. With respect to Annual Net Sales invoiced in Dollars, the Annual Net Sales and the amounts due to Pliant
under this Agreement shall be expressed in Dollars. When the conversion of payments from any foreign currency is required to be undertaken by NVS, the Dollar equivalent shall be calculated using NVS's then-current standard exchange rate methodology
as applied in its external reporting for the conversion of foreign currency sales into Dollars.
 (d) Taxes.

(i) Withholding. Either Party (the "Withholding Party") may withhold from payments due to the other Party (the
"Non-Withholding Party") amounts for payment of any withholding tax that is required by Applicable Law to be paid to any taxing authority with respect to such payments, which shall be remitted in accordance with Applicable Law, provided that
if any Applicable Law requires such deduction or withholding of taxes from any payment under this Agreement, the Withholding Party shall (1) provide to the Non-Withholding Party all relevant documentation and correspondence, and (2) provide to the
Non-Withholding Party any other cooperation or assistance on a reasonable basis as may be necessary to enable the Non-Withholding Party to claim exemption from such withholding taxes and to receive a refund of such withholding tax or claim a foreign
tax credit. The Withholding Party shall give proper evidence from time to time as to the payment of any such tax. The Parties shall cooperate with each other in seeking deductions under any double taxation or other similar treaty or agreement from
time to time in force. Such cooperation may include the Withholding Party making payments from a single source, where possible.  If Withholding Party does not withhold on a payment based upon its reasonable belief that no withholding is
required under the Agreement, but it is later determined that a withholding was required, except in respect of withholding taxes addressed in the immediately succeeding sentence, the Non-Withholding Party will reimburse the Withholding Party for the
amount of any such withholding taxes (including interest imposed by the applicable taxing authority for the failure to withhold such taxes).  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (X) either Party redomiciles, assigns its rights or obligations or
delegates its rights under this Agreement, (Y) as a result of such redomiciliation, assignment or delegation, such Party (or its assignee) is required by Applicable Law to withhold taxes from or in respect of any amount payable under this Agreement,
and (Z) such withholding taxes exceed the amount of withholding taxes that would have been applicable but for such redomiciliation, assignment or delegation, then any such amount payable shall be increased to take into account such withholding taxes
as may be necessary so that, after making all required withholdings (including withholdings on the additional amounts payable), the payee (or its assignee) receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such increased withholding
been made. Solely for purposes of this Section 10.11(d)(i), a Party's "domicile" shall include its jurisdiction of incorporation or tax residence and a "redomiciliation" shall include a reincorporation or other action resulting in a change in
tax residence of the applicable Party or its assignee. 
  42

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (ii) Indirect
Taxes. All remunerations mentioned in this Agreement are exclusive of Indirect Taxes. If any Indirect Taxes are chargeable in respect of any payments made under this Agreement, the payor shall pay such Indirect Taxes at the applicable rate in
respect of such payments following receipt, where applicable, of an Indirect Taxes invoice in the appropriate form issued by the payee in respect of those payments. The Parties shall cooperate in accordance with Applicable Law to minimize any
Indirect Taxes incurred in connection with this Agreement and any Indirect Tax owed by one Party in connection with this Agreement will be shared equally between the Parties.  In such case, the payor Party will provide the other Party an
invoice for its equal share of any such Indirect Tax within [***] days of the end of the relevant Calendar Year in which such Indirect Tax obligation was incurred, and such other Party will pay any undisputed amounts within [***] days of receipt of
the invoice, and any disputed amounts owed by a Party will be paid within [***] days of resolution of the dispute in accordance with Section 18.1(a).
 (e) Late Payments. Any undisputed payments or portions thereof due hereunder which are not paid when due will bear interest at the rate per annum equal to the lesser
of: (i) [***] USD-LIBOR rate as quoted on Bloomberg (or if it no longer exists, a similarly authoritative source); or (ii) the highest rate permitted by Applicable Law, calculated on the number of days such payment is paid after the date such
payment is due, and compounded monthly (the "Interest Rate").  Interest shall not accrue on undisputed amounts that were paid after the due date solely as a result of mistaken action by the payee (e.g., if a payment is late as a result
of providing an incorrect account for receipt of payment).
 10.12 Records and Audits.
 (a) Each Party shall, and NVS shall cause its sublicensees to, keep complete, true, and accurate books and records in accordance with its Accounting Standards in relation to
this Agreement, including with respect to Development Costs, Net Sales, and Sales & Royalty Report. Each Party shall keep such books and records for at least [***] years following the Calendar Year to which they pertain.

(b) Each Party (the "Auditing Party") may, upon written request, cause an internationally-recognized independent accounting firm
(the "Auditor"), which is reasonably acceptable to the other Party (the "Audited Party"), to inspect the relevant records of such Audited Party and its Affiliates to verify the payments made and amounts reported by the Audited Party
and the related reports, statements, and books of accounts, as applicable. Before beginning its audit, the Auditor shall execute an undertaking acceptable to the Audited Party by which the Auditor shall agree to keep confidential all information
made available to the Auditor during the audit. The Auditor shall have the right to disclose to the Auditing Party only its conclusions regarding any payments owed under this Agreement. Each Party and its Affiliates shall make their records
available for inspection by the Auditor during regular business hours at such place or places where such records are customarily kept, upon receipt of reasonable advance notice from the Auditing Party. The records shall be reviewed solely to verify
the accuracy of the Audited Party's Sales & Royalty Report or other financial reports furnished by the Audited Party pursuant to this Agreement and payment obligations made or required to be made pursuant to this Agreement, and compliance with
the financial terms of this Agreement. Such inspection right shall not be exercised more than [***] and not more frequently than once without cause with respect to records covering any specific period of time. In addition, the Auditing Party shall
only be entitled to audit the books and records of the Audited Party from the [***] Calendar Years prior to the Calendar Year in which an audit request is made. The Auditing Party agrees to hold in strict confidence all information received and
learned in the course of any audit, except to the extent necessary to enforce its rights under this Agreement or to the extent required to comply with Applicable Law or judicial order. The Auditor shall provide its audit report and basis for any
determination to the Audited Party at the time such report is provided to the Auditing Party before it is considered final.
  43

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (c) In the event
that the final result of the inspection reveals an underpayment or an overpayment by either Party, the underpaid or overpaid amount shall be settled within [***] days after receipt of the final report from the Auditor. The Auditing Party shall pay
for any audit, as well as its expenses associated with enforcing its rights with respect to any payments under this Agreement; provided, that, if an underpayment of amounts due by the Auditing Party of more than [***] percent ([***]%) of the
total payments due under this Agreement for the applicable year is discovered, the reasonable fees and expenses charged by the Auditor for such audit shall be paid by the Audited Party. 
 11. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 
 11.1 Ownership of Inventions and
Data.
 (a) Ownership. As between the Parties, and subject to the licenses granted under this Agreement, each Party retains
all rights, title, and interests in and to all Intellectual Property Rights that such Party owns or Controls as of the Effective Date or that it develops or otherwise acquires after the Effective Date outside the performance of the activities under
this Agreement. Ownership of all clinical data, results and other Know-How arising from the Parties' activities under this Agreement, including Research Results (collectively, "Product Data"), and all Inventions, shall be based on
inventorship, as determined in accordance with the rules of inventorship under United States patent laws, and each Party shall solely own any Inventions made solely by its and its Affiliates' employees, agents, or independent contractors, and the
Parties shall jointly own any Inventions that are made jointly by employees, agents, or independent contractors of one Party and its Affiliates together with employees, agents, or independent contractors of the other Party and its Affiliates. Upon a
Party's request, the other Party shall and shall cause its Affiliates and subcontractors to execute such documents and take such further actions reasonably necessary to effectuate this Section 11.1(a).
 (b) Disclosure. Each Party shall promptly disclose to the other Party all Inventions made by or on behalf of such Party and its Affiliates and subcontractors, including
all Invention disclosures or other similar documents submitted to such Party by its, or its Affiliates' or, employees, agents or contractors relating to such technology, where such technology is licensed to the other Party hereunder, and shall also
respond promptly to reasonable requests from the other Party for additional information relating to such Inventions.
  44

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (c) Personnel
Obligations. Each employee, agent or contractor of a Party or its respective Affiliates or sublicensees performing work under this Agreement shall, prior to commencing such work, be bound by invention assignment obligations, including: (i)
promptly reporting any Inventions and Intellectual Property Rights arising from such work; (ii) presently assigning to the applicable Party all of his or her right, title and interest in and to any Inventions and Intellectual Property Rights arising
from such work (excluding any agreements with academic universities and/or other governmental entities, for which a non-exclusive license, or an option for an exclusive license may be obtained); (iii) cooperating in the preparation, filing,
prosecution, maintenance, defense, and enforcement of any Patent; and (iv) performing all acts and signing, executing, acknowledging and delivering any and all documents required for effecting the obligations and purposes of this Agreement.

(d) Joint Technology. Except to the extent either Party is restricted by: (i) the licenses granted to the other Party; or (ii)
the covenants provided by a Party under this Agreement, each Party shall be entitled to practice, license (through multiple tiers), assign (their respective interest only) and otherwise exploit the Joint Technology in all countries and jurisdictions
without the duty of accounting or seeking consent from the other Party.  To the extent necessary in any jurisdiction to give effect to the rights to such Joint Technology, but subject to the licenses granted and covenants provided under this
Agreement, each Party hereby grants and agrees to grant to the other Party a nonexclusive, royalty-free, fully-paid, worldwide, irrevocable, perpetual license, with the right to grant sublicenses through multiple tiers, to practice the Joint
Technology for any and all purposes; provided that the foregoing shall not limit NVS' obligations to make royalty payments to Pliant pursuant to Section 10.5.
 (e) Common Ownership under Joint Research Agreements. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, neither Party will have the right to invoke "common
ownership" under a Joint Research Agreement pursuant to Applicable Law when exercising its rights under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other Party, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed. In
the event that a Party is permitted to invoke such common ownership as required by the preceding sentence, the Parties will cooperate and coordinate their activities with respect to any submissions, filings or other activities in support thereof.
The Parties acknowledge and agree that this Agreement is a "joint research agreement" as defined under Applicable Law.
 11.2 IP
Committee.
 (a) Composition.  The IP Committee will be comprised of at least one representative of each Party,
which representative shall be either an employee or an outside legal counsel for such Party, provided further that any such outside counsel is bound by confidentiality obligations no less stringent than the requirements of Sections 12.1 and
12.2.  Each Party will appoint its respective representatives to the IP Committee within [***] of the Effective Date, and from time to time, may substitute one or more of its representatives, in its sole discretion, but subject to the terms
of this Section 11.2(a), effective upon notice to the other Party of such change.  All IP Committee representatives will have appropriate expertise, seniority, decision-making authority and ongoing familiarity with the Collaboration and
each Party's representatives collectively will have relevant expertise in intellectual property portfolio management and licensing matters.  Additional representatives or consultants may from time to time, by mutual consent of the Parties, be
invited to attend IP Committee meetings, subject to such representatives and consultants (or the representative's or consultant's employer) undertaking confidentiality obligations, whether in a written agreement or by operation of law, no less
stringent than the requirements of Sections 12.1 and 12.2.
 (b) Meetings.  The IP Committee will meet as necessary
to carry out its duties under Section 11.2(c), but no more often than [***], unless otherwise agreed by its members.  The IP Committee will meet in-person at Pliant or NVS or, alternatively, by means of teleconference, videoconference or
other similar communications equipment.
  45

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (c) IP Committee
Responsibilities.  The IP Committee will provide input regarding strategies for Prosecuting and Maintaining Pliant Patents and Joint Patents, and such other matters as the Parties agree in writing will be the responsibility of the IP
Committee.  Without limiting the foregoing, the IP Committee will provide input regarding the filing and Prosecution of Patents within the Joint Patents that Cover Compounds and Products, excluding [***] ("Joint Compound and Product
Patents").  In furtherance of this Section 11.2(c), each Party will provide appropriate updates to the IP Committee regarding Collaboration IP and other Patents and Know-How licensed hereunder, including with respect to anticipated
filing strategies and new inventions.
 (d) Decision-Making.  The IP Committee will be an advisory committee to the
Parties and will make recommendations by consensus.  The IP Committee will not have any final decision-making power; provided that, the Parties will work together in good faith to enable the filing and prosecution of Joint Compound and Product
Patents. 
 (e) Term.  Either Party will have the right to terminate the IP Committee upon [***] advance written
notice to the other Party, subject to approval by the JSC.
 11.3 Patent Prosecution and Maintenance.

(a) Responsibility for Prosecuting and Maintaining Pliant Patents and Certain Joint Patents. Subject to the terms of this
Section 11.3, (i) Pliant shall have the first right, but not the obligation, to Prosecute and Maintain the Pliant Patents, as well as Joint Patents that are not Joint Compound and Product Patents, using counsel of its own choice to whom NVS
has no reasonable objection; and (ii) if Pliant decides not to Prosecute or Maintain any Pliant Patent or any such Joint Patent, Pliant shall notify NVS in writing at least [***] days prior to any relevant deadline or filing or response date, and
NVS shall thereupon have the right, but not the obligation, to assume the Prosecution and Maintenance of such Pliant Patent or Joint Patent, as applicable, subject to the terms of this Section 11.3.
 (b) Responsibility for Prosecuting and Maintaining NVS Invention Patents and Joint Compound and Product Patents. Subject to the terms of this Section 11.3, (i)
NVS shall have the sole right, but not the obligation, to Prosecute and Maintain Patents claiming Inventions owned solely by NVS ("NVS Invention Patents") and the first right, but not the obligation, to Prosecute and Maintain Joint Compound
and Product Patents using counsel of its own choice to whom Pliant has no reasonable objection; and (ii) if NVS decides not to Prosecute or Maintain any Joint Compound and Product Patent, NVS shall notify Pliant in writing at least [***] days prior
to any relevant deadline or filing or response date, and Pliant shall thereupon have the right, but not the obligation, to assume the Prosecution and Maintenance of such Joint Compound and Product Patent, as applicable, subject to the terms of this
Section 11.3. 
 (c) Costs; Cooperation. All costs and expenses incurred by the Party which Prosecutes and
Maintains any Pliant Patent, Joint Patent, or NVS Invention Patent shall be borne by such Party (the "Prosecuting and Maintaining Party"). The Prosecuting and Maintaining Party of a Pliant Patent, Joint Compound and Product Patent or Joint
Patent will: (i) keep the other Party reasonably informed of the status of such Patents and provide a copy of material substantive communications from any Governmental Authority concerning such Patents; (ii) reasonably in advance of making any
filings or submissions to any Governmental Authority with respect to such Patents, such that the other Party may have a reasonable opportunity to review and comment thereon, provide a copy thereof to the other Party for its review and comment; and
(iii) consider in good faith all comments timely provided to the Prosecuting and Maintaining Party by the other Party on such filings and communications. Upon the Prosecuting and Maintaining Party's request and at its expense, the other Party shall
provide the Prosecuting and Maintaining Party with all reasonable assistance and cooperation in connection with its Prosecution and Maintenance of the applicable Patents, including by providing access to relevant persons and executing all
documentation reasonably requested by the Prosecuting and Maintaining Party.
  46

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (d) Patent Term
Extension. NVS will have the right to elect and file for patent term restorations or extensions, supplemental protection certificates, or any of their equivalents with respect to patent term restoration, supplemental protection certificates or
their equivalents, and patent term extensions with respect to the Pliant Patents and Joint Patents in any country and/or region where applicable. NVS shall keep Pliant reasonably informed of its efforts to obtain such restoration or
extension, supplemental protection certificate or their equivalents and shall in good faith consider Pliant's comments thereto.  Pliant shall, and shall cause its Affiliates to, cooperate with and provide all reasonable assistance requested by
NVS, including permitting NVS to proceed with applications for such in the name of Pliant, if deemed appropriate by NVS, and executing documents and providing any relevant information to NVS.  NVS shall pay all expenses in regard to obtaining
such patent term restoration or extensions, supplemental protection certificates or their equivalents.
 11.4 Third Party Infringement;
Agreement Patent Actions.
 (a) Notice. Each Party will promptly notify the other Party of any: (i) infringement,
misappropriation, or other violation by a Third Party of any of the Pliant Patents, Joint Patents, or NVS Invention Patents of which it becomes aware arising out of the exploitation of Compounds or Products ("Third Party Infringement"); and
(ii) request for declaratory judgment, opposition, nullity action, interference, inter-partes reexamination, inter-partes review, post-grant review, derivation proceeding, or similar action alleging the invalidity, unenforceability or
non-infringement of any of the Pliant Patents, Joint Patents, or NVS Invention Patents (each, an "Agreement Patent Action"). 

(b) Control.

(i) NVS will have the first right, but not the obligation, to bring and control any action in connection with any Third Party
Infringement at its own expense as it reasonably determines appropriate.  Pliant will have the right to join as a party to any such action and participate with its own counsel at its own expense, provided that NVS shall control the prosecution
of such action.  During any such action, NVS shall (I) provide Pliant with drafts of all official papers and statements prior to their submission in such action, in sufficient time to allow Pliant to review, consider and substantively comment
thereon; and (II) reasonably consider incorporating any such Pliant comments. Solely with respect to the Pliant Patents and Joint Patents that are not Joint Compound and Product Patents, if NVS does not take commercially reasonable steps to
prosecute any Third Party Infringement within [***] days following the first notice provided in Section 11.4(a)(i) above or [***] days before the time limit, if any, for filing of such actions in accordance with Applicable Law, whichever
comes first, then Pliant may prosecute such Third Party Infringement at its own expense.   
 (ii) Pliant will have the
first right, but not the obligation, to defend against any Agreement Patent Action for any Pliant Patent, at its own expense as it reasonably determines appropriate.  NVS may participate in any such Agreement Patent Action for a Pliant Patent
with counsel of its choice at its own expense, provided that Pliant shall control the defense in such Agreement Patent Action.  If Pliant informs NVS that it does not intend to defend against an Agreement Patent Action, or if Pliant determines
to cease defending against any such Agreement Patent Action, and, in each case, such Agreement Patent Action is not brought as a defense against a Third Party Infringement, then NVS will have the right, but not the obligation, upon written notice to
Pliant, to defend against such Agreement Patent Action for a Pliant Patent, or take over the defense of any Agreement Patent Action initiated by Pliant, as applicable, in each case, solely as it relates to Pliant Patents.

 47

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (iii) NVS will have
the first right, but not the obligation, to defend against any Agreement Patent Action for any Novartis Invention Patent or Joint Patent, at its own expense as it reasonably determines appropriate.  Pliant may participate in any such Agreement
Patent Action for a NVS Invention Patent or Joint Patent with counsel of its choice at its own expense, provided that NVS shall control the defense in such Agreement Patent Action.  If NVS informs Pliant that it does not intend to defend
against an Agreement Patent Action with respect to a Joint Product Patent, or if NVS determines to cease defending against any such Agreement Patent Action with respect to a Joint Product Patent, and, in each case, such Agreement Patent Action is
not brought as a defense against a Third Party Infringement, then Pliant will have the right, but not the obligation, upon written notice to NVS, to defend against such Agreement Patent Action for a Joint Product Patent, or take over the defense of
any Agreement Patent Action initiated by NVS, as applicable, in each case, solely as it relates to a Joint Product Patent. 

(c) Cooperation and Recoveries. At the Party bringing and controlling any Third Party Infringement or defending any Agreement
Patent Action or Claim of Product Infringement, as applicable ("Controlling Party")'s request, the other Party shall provide assistance in connection with such action, including by executing reasonably appropriate documents,
providing access to such Party's premises and employees, cooperating reasonably in discovery, and joining as a party to the action if requested by the Controlling Party. The Controlling Party will keep the other Party reasonably informed
of all material developments in connection with any such suit, provide copies of all documents filed, and consider in good faith any comments from the other Party, and the other Party shall have the right to consult with the Controlling Party and to
participate in and, if appropriate, be represented by independent but mutually agreed upon counsel in such litigation at such other Party's own cost and expense.  Neither Party shall, without the other Party's prior written consent, enter into
any settlement or consent decree that requires any payment by or admits or imparts any other liability to the other Party or admits the invalidity or unenforceability of or adversely affects the scope of any such Pliant Patent or Joint Patent, which
consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed, or conditioned. Any recoveries resulting from a Claim of Third Party Infringement (whether by way of settlement or otherwise) shall be first applied against payment of each Party's costs and
expenses in connection therewith (which amounts will be allocated pro rata if insufficient to cover the totality of such costs and expenses). Any remainder after such reimbursement to the extent relating to (i) Third Party Infringement of 
Pliant Patents in an action controlled by NVS will be [***]; (ii) Third Party Infringement of Pliant Patents in an action controlled by Pliant will be [***]; and (iii) any infringement of Joint Patents will be [***].   

11.5 Product Infringement. If a Party becomes aware of any actual or potential Claim alleging that the Research,
Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization of any Compounds or Products under this Agreement infringes, misappropriates, or otherwise violates any Intellectual Property Rights of a Third Party (or would if carried out) ("Product
Infringement"), then such Party will notify the other Party as promptly as possible following the receipt of service of process in such action, suit, or proceeding, or the date on which such Party becomes aware that such action, suit, or
proceeding has been instituted, and the Parties will meet as soon as possible to discuss the overall strategy for defense of such matter. NVS shall have the first right (but not the obligation) to defend any Claims of Product Infringement relating
to a Compound or Product; provided however, that if either Party has an obligation to indemnify the other Party with respect to such Claim, then the provisions of Article 17 will apply with respect thereto. Pliant may participate in any such
action, suit or proceeding with counsel of its choice at its own expense. 
 11.6 Patents Licensed From Third
Parties. Each Party's rights under this Article 11 with respect to the Prosecution and Maintenance, enforcement, and defense of any Patent that is licensed from a Third Party shall be subject to the rights retained by such Upstream Party
with respect to such Patent.
 11.7 Trademarks. NVS shall have the right to brand any and all Product(s) using NVS
related Trademarks it determines appropriate for such Product(s), which may vary by country or within a country ("Product Marks"). NVS shall own all rights in Product Marks and shall have the sole right to register and maintain Product Marks
in the countries and regions it determines reasonably necessary.
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	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 11.8 Third
Party Licenses. If any Know-How, Patent, other Intellectual Property Right, or proprietary or trade secret information, which would be useful, but not necessary for the Research, Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization of a Compound or
Product under this Agreement, is first acquired by or licensed to a Party after the Execution Date from a Third Party, and if the use, practice or exploitation thereof by or on behalf of the other Party would require the first Party to pay any
amounts to the Third Party from which the first Party acquired or licensed such Know-How, Patent, other Intellectual Property Right, or proprietary or trade secret information, then if such Know-How, Patent, other Intellectual Property Right, or
proprietary or trade secret information would fall within the definition of "NVS Technology" or "Pliant Technology", as applicable, if it were "Controlled" by the relevant Party, then the Party acquiring or licensing such items shall so notify the
other Party and provide to the other Party material information as to the nature of such Know-How, Patent, other Intellectual Property Right, or proprietary or trade secret information and the material terms of such agreement with such Third Party,
including any payments that would be payable to such Third Party if such item were included in NVS Technology or Pliant Technology, as applicable.  If such other Party desires the right to incorporate or to have such first Party incorporate, as
applicable, such Know-How, Patent, other Intellectual Property Right, or proprietary or trade secret information in a Compound or Product, then such other Party shall notify such first Party, and such Know-How, Patent, other Intellectual Property
Right, or proprietary or trade secret information shall not automatically be deemed to be Controlled by the relevant Party, and shall not be included in the definition of NVS Technology or Pliant Technology, unless and until the Parties mutually
agree in writing on the inclusion thereof in the licenses granted under this Agreement and the allocation of responsibility for payment of such amounts.

12. CONFIDENTIALITY
 12.1 Duty of Confidence. 

 (a) Subject to the other provisions of this Article 12, each Party will, as a receiving party, and will cause its
Affiliates to, maintain in confidence and otherwise safeguard any and all Confidential Information disclosed by or on behalf of the other Party or its Affiliates under this Agreement. The recipient Party may only use such Confidential Information,
subject to Section 4.4, for the purposes of this Agreement and pursuant to the rights granted to the recipient Party under this Agreement. Subject to the other provisions of this Article 12, the recipient Party and its Affiliates shall
hold as confidential such Confidential Information of the other Party or its Affiliates in the same manner and with the same protection as the recipient Party maintains its own confidential information, but in any event with no less than reasonable
protections. Subject to the other provisions of this Article 12, a recipient Party may only disclose Confidential Information of the other Party to its Affiliates, licensees, or sublicensees and their respective employees, directors, agents,
subcontractors, contractors, consultants, and advisers, in each case, solely to the extent reasonably necessary for the purposes of, and for those matters undertaken pursuant to, this Agreement; provided, that any such Person is bound prior
to disclosure to maintain the confidentiality of the Confidential Information in a manner consistent with the confidentiality provisions of this Agreement.
 (b) Subject to Section 12.3, Pliant shall maintain in confidence and otherwise safeguard the Know-How included within the NVS Technology to the extent such Know-How is
of a confidential and proprietary nature.
 12.2 Exceptions. The obligations under Section 12.1 shall not apply to any information
to the extent that such information:
  49
 
 
 

 (a) is (at the time
of disclosure) or becomes (after the time of disclosure) known to the public or part of the public domain through no breach of this Agreement by the recipient Party or its Affiliates;
 (b) was known to, or was otherwise in the possession of, the recipient Party or its Affiliates without any obligation of confidentiality, as evidenced by written records,
prior to the time of disclosure by the disclosing Party or any of its Affiliates;
 (c) is disclosed to the recipient Party or any of
its Affiliates on a non-confidential basis by a Third Party who is entitled to disclose it without breaching any confidentiality obligation to the disclosing Party or any of its Affiliates; or
 (d) is independently developed by or on behalf of the recipient Party or its Affiliates, as evidenced by written records, without reference to the Confidential Information
disclosed by the disclosing Party or its Affiliates to the recipient Party or its Affiliates under this Agreement.
 Specific aspects or details of Confidential Information shall not be deemed to be within the public
domain or in the possession of the recipient Party merely because the Confidential Information is embraced by more general information in the public domain or in the possession of the recipient Party. Further, any combination of Confidential
Information shall not be considered in the public domain or in the possession of the recipient Party merely because individual elements of such Confidential Information are in the public domain or in the possession of the recipient Party, unless the
combination and its principles are in the public domain or in the possession of the recipient Party.
 12.3 Authorized Disclosures.

(a) In addition to disclosures allowed under Section 12.2, the recipient Party, its Affiliates and sublicensees may disclose
Confidential Information of the other Party to the extent such disclosure is necessary in the following instances: (i) in connection with the Prosecution and Maintenance of Patents as permitted by this Agreement; (ii) in connection with Regulatory
Filings or audits by Regulatory Authorities for any Product; (iii) in connection with prosecuting or defending litigation as permitted by this Agreement; or (iv) in complying with Applicable Law, applicable court orders or governmental regulations
and rules (including securities regulations and rules of any securities exchange).
 (b) In addition, NVS or its Affiliates or
sublicensees may disclose Pliant's or Pliant's Affiliates' Confidential Information to Third Parties as may be necessary in connection with the Research, Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization of the Products as contemplated by this
Agreement; provided that any such Third Party is bound prior to disclosure to maintain the confidentiality of the Confidential Information in a manner consistent with the confidentiality provisions of this Agreement; provided further that this
Section 12.3(b) shall apply mutatis mutandis to Pliant or its Affiliates or sublicensees with respect to Confidential Information of NVS or its Affiliates solely to the extent applicable to a Product being Developed and Commercialized
by Pliant pursuant to the license set forth in Section 15.4(d), if and as applicable.
 (c) In addition, a recipient Party may
disclose the other Party's Confidential Information to its or their advisors, consultants, clinicians, vendors, service providers, and contractors to the extent necessary in assisting with such recipient Party's activities contemplated by this
Agreement, including the practice of licenses granted to the recipient Party and its Affiliates pursuant to Section4.1, as applicable,; provided that any such advisor, consultant, clinician, vendor, service provider, and contractor is bound
prior to disclosure to maintain the confidentiality of the Confidential Information in a manner consistent with the confidentiality provisions of this Agreement.
  50
 
 

 
(d) In the event the recipient Party is required to disclose Confidential Information of the disclosing Party pursuant to Applicable Law
or in connection with bona fide legal process or rules of a securities exchange, including disclosures of the type contemplated by Section 12.3(a)(iv), such disclosure shall not be deemed a breach of this Agreement; provided, that the
recipient Party: (i) informs the disclosing Party as soon as reasonably practicable following it becoming aware of the required disclosure; (ii) uses reasonable efforts to limit the disclosure to the required purpose; and (iii) at the disclosing
Party's request and expense, assists in attempting to object to or limit the required disclosure.  In the event the recipient Party is required to disclose Confidential Information of the disclosing Party pursuant to Sections
12.3(a)(i)-(iii), the recipient Party shall take reasonable measures to assure confidential treatment of such Confidential Information to the extent practicable and available under Applicable Law.
 12.4 Terms of this Agreement. Except as provided in Sections 12.2 and 12.3, each of the Parties agrees not to disclose to any Third Party the terms and conditions
of this Agreement without first obtaining, in each case, the prior written consent of the other Party, except that either Party may disclose this Agreement to its Affiliates, licensors, licensees, or sublicensees and their respective employees,
directors, agents, contractors, consultants, and advisers as permitted in this Article 12, and to bona fide potential or actual investors or acquirers in connection with the evaluation of such potential or actual investment or acquisition,
provided that any such Person is bound prior to disclosure to obligations of confidentiality and non-use consistent with the confidentiality provisions of this Agreement and provided further that such Confidential Information will be disclosed only
to the extent reasonably necessary to evaluate the proposed transaction or perform its obligations or exercise its rights granted under the Agreement.
 12.5 Data Privacy and Security.

(a) Compliance with Privacy and Data Security Laws. Each of the Parties agree to comply in all material respects with
applicable Privacy and Data Security Laws.  To the extent that the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 ("CCPA") is applicable to either Party: (i) such Party agrees to comply with all of its obligations under the CCPA; and (ii) in
relation to any communication of "personal information" (as defined by the CCPA) from one Party to the other Party pursuant to this Agreement, the Parties agree that no monetary or other valuable consideration is being provided for such personal
information and therefore neither Party is "selling" (as defined by the CCPA) personal information to the other Party.

(b) Protections. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Parties acknowledge that in performing their obligations
hereunder, each Party will obtain or have access to, or otherwise store, process or transmit, certain Sensitive Information. Without limiting a Party's other obligations under this Agreement, each Party shall implement and maintain reasonable
security procedures and practices appropriate to the nature of Sensitive Information and take such other actions as are necessary to protect the security and confidentiality of such Sensitive Information against any anticipated or actual threats or
hazards to the security or integrity of such Sensitive Information in accordance with Privacy and Data Security Laws, which shall, at a minimum, include the following precautions and safety measures: (i) [***]; (ii) [***]; (iii) [***]; (iv) [***],
(v) [***], and (vi) [***]. 
 (c) Breaches. In the event that a Party or its Affiliates or sublicensee learns of, or has
reason to believe that there has been unauthorized access to or use of, or any security breach relating to or affecting, Sensitive Information of the other Party collected, prepared or developed in connection with this Agreement, or that any person
who has had access to Sensitive Information has violated or intends to violate the terms of this Section 12.5, such Party shall immediately (within [***]) notify the owning Party of the same, and shall, at its expense, fully cooperate with
the owning Party in (i) investigating and responding to the foregoing; (ii) notifying affected individuals as required by Privacy and Data Security Laws or as otherwise directed by the owning Party; and (iii) seeking injunctive or other equitable
relief against any such person or persons who have violated or attempted to violate the security of Sensitive Information.  The Party whose Sensitive Information has been breached (or allegedly breached) shall have the sole right to determine
the content, timing and other details of any notices under subsection (ii).  The Party who, themselves, or through their Affiliates or sublicensees has conducted or permitted to be conducted such breach shall be responsible for reimbursing the
Party owning such Sensitive Information for the costs of such notifications and fielding feedback and questions from those notified, and any other associated costs that such Party may incur in connection with responding to or managing a breach of
the security of Sensitive Information (i.e., costs of credit monitoring services, call center services and forensics services, fines imposed by any government authority, fraud liability, compromise fees and other remediation costs).

 51

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (d) Changes to
the Agreement. If during the Term a Party believes that amendments to this Agreement are required to ensure the compliance of each Party with the requirements of applicable Privacy and Data Security Laws, such Party shall notify
the other Party and the Parties will promptly discuss and agree in good faith on appropriate amendments to this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, no Party shall be required to transfer to or process on behalf of the other Party
any personal data until such amendments have been executed if such Party reasonably believes such transfer or processing would put such Party in breach of applicable Privacy and Data Security Laws.

13. PUBLICATIONS AND PUBLICITY 
 13.1 Use of Names. Neither Party shall use the name or Trademark of the other Party or its Affiliates in any press release, publication, or other form of public
disclosure without first obtaining, in each case, the prior written consent of the other Party (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed), except for those disclosures for which consent has already been obtained or which
are required by Applicable Law.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, NVS will be entitled to use the name of Pliant and its Affiliates to the extent necessary or useful in connection with the Development or Commercialization of any Product subject
to Pliant's prior written consent to the use by NVS of any Pliant Trademarks.
 13.2 Press Releases and Publicity Related to
this Agreement. Upon the execution of this Agreement, each Party may issue a press release with respect to this Agreement in a form agreed by the Parties.  Neither Party shall issue any other press release or other public statement, whether
oral or written, disclosing the existence of this Agreement, or the terms hereof, without first obtaining, in each case, the prior written consent of the other Party, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed, except for
those disclosures for which consent has already been obtained or which are required by Applicable Law.
 13.3 Public
Disclosures and Publications Related to the Programs or Products. Subject to Section 13.2, any proposed public disclosure (whether written, electronic, oral, or otherwise) by or on behalf of Pliant shall require, in each case, the prior
written consent of NVS.  In the event that Pliant wishes to make a public disclosure pertaining to a Compound or Product, Pliant shall provide NVS with a copy of any proposed disclosure at least [***] days prior to submission of such
disclosure, or in the case of an oral disclosure, [***] days prior to such oral disclosure.  For the avoidance of doubt, NVS or any of its Affiliates or sublicensees may, without any required consents from Pliant, publish or have published
information regarding the Research Programs, Research Targets, Compounds or Products. 
 13.4 Disclosures Required By
Law. Notwithstanding Section 13.1, Section 13.2, and Section 13.3, each Party may make any disclosures required to comply with any duty of disclosure it may have pursuant to Applicable Law or the requirements of any
Governmental Authority or Regulatory Authority or pursuant to the rules of any recognized stock exchange. In the event of a disclosure required by Applicable Law, the requirements of any Governmental Authority or Regulatory Authority, or the rules
of any recognized stock exchange, the Parties shall coordinate with each other with respect to the timing, form, and content of such required disclosure. If so requested by the other Party, the Party subject to such obligation shall use reasonable
efforts to obtain an order protecting to the maximum extent possible the confidentiality of such provisions of this Agreement as reasonably requested by the other Party. If the Parties are unable to agree on the form or content of any required
disclosure, such disclosure shall be limited to the minimum required as determined by the disclosing Party in consultation with its legal counsel. Without limiting the foregoing, Pliant shall provide NVS with each proposed filing by Pliant with the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission (or any recognized stock exchange, including Nasdaq, or any similar regulatory agency in any country other than the United States) describing the terms of this Agreement (including any filings of this
Agreement) at least [***] Business Days prior to submission of such filing, and shall reasonably consider and in good-faith incorporate any and all of NVS's comments relating to such filing, including the provisions of this Agreement for which
confidential treatment should be sought.
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	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 14. EFFECTIVENESS

14.1 Effective Date. Except for the Parties' obligations under Article 12, Article 13, this Article
14, Article 17, Article 16, Article 18, and Article 19 which shall be effective as of the Execution Date, this Agreement shall not become effective until expiration or early termination of all applicable waiting
periods under the HSR Act (the "Effective Date").
 14.2 Filings. The Parties shall cooperate with one
another in the preparation and execution of all documents that are required to be filed pursuant to the HSR Act and each Party will file, as promptly as possible but in any event no later than [***] Business Days after the Execution Date, its
pre-merger notification and report forms with the Federal Trade Commission and the U.S. Department of Justice, which forms shall specifically request early termination of the initial HSR Act waiting period. [***] associated with the submission under
the HSR Act.
 14.3 Outside Date. If the Effective Date has not occurred prior to [***] days after the Execution Date,
or [***] days after the Execution Date in the event the Federal Trade Commission or U.S. Department of Justice issues any request for additional information and documentary materials, or such other date as the Parties may mutually agree either Party
may terminate this Agreement upon written notice to the other Party; provided, however, that, as of such date, the Party terminating this Agreement is not in breach of this Agreement.  In the event a provision of this Agreement
needs to be deleted or substantially revised in order to obtain regulatory clearance of this transaction, the Parties will negotiate in good faith in accordance with Section 18.1 to reach agreement on the language contained in the particular
provision in question.
 14.4 Diligence. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, each of Pliant and NVS
and its Affiliates shall use its Commercially Reasonable Efforts to obtain all authorizations, consents, orders and approvals under applicable Antitrust Laws that may be or become necessary to consummate the Agreement, including: (i) making all
necessary filings and submission (and filings and submissions considered by NVS to be advisable) with any governmental authority pursuant to any Antitrust Laws as determined by NVS, as promptly as practicable, and (ii) obtaining as promptly as
practicable the termination of any waiting period under any applicable Antitrust Laws.
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	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 15. TERM AND TERMINATION

15.1 Term. The term of this Agreement shall commence upon the Effective Date and, unless terminated pursuant to Section
15.2, shall continue in full force and effect, on a Product-by-Product and country-by-country basis, until such time as the Royalty Term with respect to such Product expires in such country (the "Term"). On a Product-by-Product and
country-by-country basis, effective upon the expiration of the Royalty Term for such Product in such country, the licenses granted to NVS will each become non-exclusive, fully paid-up, royalty-free, irrevocable, and perpetual in such country with
respect to such Product.
 15.2 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated as follows:
 (a) Termination for Breach.
 (i) General.
Subject to Section 15.2(a)(ii), if either NVS or Pliant is in material breach of any material obligation hereunder, the non-breaching Party may give written notice to the breaching Party specifying the claimed particulars of such breach, and
in the event such material breach is not cured within [***] days after such notice (or in the case of any undisputed payment obligations, [***] days), the non-breaching Party shall have the right thereafter to terminate this Agreement immediately,
in whole (in the event of material breach of this Agreement in its entirety) or with respect to a given Target, as applicable, by giving written notice to the breaching Party to such effect; provided, however, that if such breach is
capable of being cured but cannot be cured within such [***]day period and the breaching Party initiates actions to cure such breach within such period and thereafter diligently pursues such actions, the breaching Party shall have such additional
period as is reasonable under the circumstances to cure such breach (not to exceed a total of [***] days); it being understood that no such extension shall apply with respect to any undisputed payment obligations. Effective upon any such
termination, such Target will be deemed a Terminated Target. If the Terminated Target is the Licensed Compound Target, then all Licensed Products that Inhibit such Terminated Target will be deemed, collectively, to be Terminated Products, and all
Licensed Compounds that Inhibit such Terminated Target will be deemed, collectively, to be Terminated Compounds. If the Terminated Target is a Research Target, then all Research Products that bind specifically to, and thereby selectively modulate,
such Terminated Target will be deemed, collectively, to be Terminated Products, and all Research Compounds  or Selected Research Compounds, as applicable, that bind specifically to, and thereby selectively modulate, such Terminated Target will
be deemed, collectively, to be Terminated Compounds. In the event that arbitration is commenced with respect to any alleged breach hereunder pursuant to Section 18.1, no purported termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section
15.2(a)(i) shall take effect until the resolution of such arbitration.  
 (ii) NVS Special Remedy. In the event
that NVS would have the right to terminate this Agreement under Section 15.2(a)(i), in whole or in part, for material breach by Pliant in connection with a Target, then NVS may, in its sole discretion, elect to either (A) exercise such
termination right, or (B) in lieu of exercising such termination right, and without limiting NVS' rights otherwise set under this Agreement, maintain the licenses and other rights granted by Pliant to NVS under this Agreement in accordance with
their respective terms, provided that: (I) NVS may terminate all licenses granted from NVS to Pliant with respect to the applicable Target (or all Targets), including any sublicenses granted thereunder; (II) NVS may terminate any review, comment,
discussion, or approval rights granted to Pliant under this Agreement with respect to the relevant Target, in whole or in part, including rights at any Committee with respect to the relevant Target; (III) NVS may reduce NVS' Development and
Commercialization reporting obligations (other than Sales & Royalty Reports) with respect to the Licensed Product(s) that Inhibit the relevant Target if such Target is the Licensed Compound Target, or with respect to the Research Product(s) that
bind specifically to, and thereby selectively modulate, the relevant Target if such Target is a Research Target, to [***]; and (IV) any future payments owed by NVS to Pliant under Sections 10.3, 10.4 and 10.5 with respect to the Licensed
Product(s) that Inhibit the relevant Target if such Target is the Licensed Compound Target, or with respect to the Research Product(s) that bind specifically to, and thereby selectively modulate, the relevant Target if such Target is a Research
Target, will be applicable in accordance with the terms of this Agreement but will be reduced by [***] percent ([***]%).  In addition, NVS will [***].     
  54

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (b) Termination
for Insolvency. This Agreement may be terminated in its entirety by a Party by providing written notice of termination to the other Party in the event of an Insolvency Event of the other Party.
 (c) Termination by NVS At Will. NVS may terminate this Agreement at will at any time after the Effective Date in its entirety or on a Target-by-Target basis at any time
on: (i) [***] days' prior written notice, if prior to the First Commercial Sale of any Licensed Product that Inhibits such Target that is the Licensed Compound Target, or if prior to the First Commercial Sale of any Research Product that binds
specifically to, and thereby selectively modulates, such Target that is a Research Target; and (ii) on [***] months' prior written notice, if following the First Commercial Sale of any Licensed Product that Inhibits such Target that is the Licensed
Compound Target, or if following the First Commercial Sale of any Research Product that binds specifically to, and thereby selectively modulates, such Target that is a Research Target. Effective upon any such termination, such Target will be deemed
a Terminated Target. If the Terminated Target is the Licensed Compound Target, then all Licensed Products that Inhibit such Terminated Target will be deemed, collectively, to be Terminated Products, and all Licensed Compounds that Inhibit such
Terminated Target will be deemed, collectively, to be Terminated Compounds. If the Terminated Target is a Research Target, then all Research Products that bind specifically to, and thereby selectively modulate, such Terminated Target will be deemed,
collectively, to be Terminated Products, and all Research Compounds or Selected Research Compounds, as applicable, that bind specifically to, and thereby selectively modulate, such Terminated Target will be deemed, collectively, to be Terminated
Compounds.
 (d) Diligence Confirmation.  In the event that Pliant, in good faith, questions whether NVS is exercising
Commercially Reasonable Efforts with respect to its obligations under Section 6.1(d) or Article 9, Pliant may provide NVS with a written request, no more frequently than [***], for a description of the activities that NVS has performed
pursuant to its obligations under Section 6.1(d) or Article 9, as applicable, during such [***].  Within [***] days of the receipt of such notice, NVS will provide Pliant with a written description of activities it has performed
in fulfillment of its obligations to exercise Commercially Reasonable Efforts under Section 6.1(d) or Article 9.  If, after receipt and review of such written description, Pliant continues in good faith to question whether NVS has
exercised Commercially Reasonable Efforts with respect to its obligations under Section 6.1(d) or Article 9, within [***] days of receipt of such written description, Pliant may request that the Senior Officers of each Party discuss
NVS's activities carried out pursuant Section 6.1(d) or Article 9.  If after such discussion, Pliant in good faith believes that NVS has materially breached its obligation to use Commercially Reasonable Efforts under Section
6.1(d) or Article 9, then Pliant may exercise its rights pursuant to Section 15.2(a)(i). 
 15.3 Rights in
Insolvency.
 (a) The Parties agree that this Agreement constitutes an executory contract under Section 365 of the Code for the
license of "intellectual property" as defined under Section 101 of the Code and constitutes a license of "intellectual property" for purposes of any similar laws in any other country in the Territory. The Parties further agree that NVS, as licensee
of such rights under this Agreement, will retain and may fully exercise all of its protections, rights and elections under the Code, including under Section 365(n) of the Code, and any similar laws in any other country in the Territory. The Parties
further agree that, in the event of an Insolvency Event by or against Pliant under the Code and any similar laws in any other country in the Territory, NVS will be entitled to a complete duplicate of (or complete access to, as appropriate) any such
intellectual property and all embodiments of such intellectual property, and the same, if not already in its possession, will be promptly delivered to it: (i) upon any such commencement of an Insolvency Event upon its written request therefor,
unless Pliant elects to continue to perform all of its obligations under this Agreement; or (ii) if not delivered under clause (i) above, following the rejection of this Agreement by or on behalf of Pliant upon written request therefor by NVS.

 55

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (b) All rights,
powers and remedies of NVS provided for in this Section 15.3(b) are in addition to and not in substitution for any and all other rights, powers and remedies now or hereafter existing at law or in equity (including under the Code and any
similar laws in any other country in the Territory). In the event of an Insolvency Event in relation to Pliant, NVS, in addition to the rights, power and remedies expressly provided herein, shall be entitled to exercise all other such rights and
powers and resort to all other such remedies as may now or hereafter exist at law or in equity (including under the Code). The Parties agree that they intend the following NVS rights to extend to the maximum extent permitted by law, including for
purposes of the Code: (i) the right of access to any intellectual property (including all embodiments thereof) of Pliant or its Affiliates, or any Third Party with whom Pliant or its Affiliates contract to perform an obligation of Pliant under this
Agreement that is necessary for the Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization of Products in the Territory; (ii) the right to contract directly with any Third Party described in (i) to complete the contracted work; and (iii) the right to cure
any breach of or default under any such agreement with a Third Party and set off the costs thereof against amounts payable to Pliant under this Agreement, provided that NVS shall give Pliant [***] days' prior written notice before NVS commences to
cure any such breach or default, and if Pliant resolves or cures such breach or default within such [***]-day period, then this subsection (iii) shall not apply with respect to such breach or default. 

15.4 Effects of Termination. In the event that (a) a Party terminates this
Agreement in its entirety or with respect to one or more Targets for the other Party's material breach pursuant to Section 15.2(a)(i); or (b) NVS terminates this Agreement at will in its entirety or with respect to one or more Targets
pursuant to Section 15.2(c), then, in each case, effective solely as of the effective date of termination, the following provisions will apply with respect to the Terminated Target(s) (and, for clarity, with respect to all Terminated
Compounds and Terminated Products for such Terminated Target), but excluding, in all cases, any other Active Ingredients contained in a Combination Product that is not itself a Terminated Compound or Terminated Product, as applicable:

(a) Termination of Rights and Licenses.  Subject to Section 15.6, except as expressly set forth in this Agreement,
all rights and licenses granted from one Party to the other Party hereunder will immediately terminate with respect to the Terminated Target (except as necessary to permit the other Party to perform its surviving obligations under this Article
15), including any sublicenses granted pursuant to Section 4.1(f).
 (b) Confidential Information.  Upon
termination of this Agreement for any reason, the receiving Party will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to destroy all written, electronic, or other materials containing Confidential Information of the disclosing Party provided to it by the
disclosing Party in connection with this Agreement, including all copies thereof, within [***] days of such termination and provide certification of such destruction to the disclosing Party; provided that (i) the receiving Party may retain one copy
in its archives solely for the purpose of monitoring its ongoing confidentiality obligations hereunder, and (ii) the receiving Party will not be obligated to destroy such materials containing Confidential Information of the disclosing Party that are
necessary for the receiving Party to exercise any other license or right of the receiving Party that survives such termination of this Agreement; provided that the receiving Party's use of such Confidential Information of the disclosing Party will
continue to be subject to the requirements and restrictions set forth in Article 12.  Without limiting the foregoing, with respect to Confidential Information of Pliant that is stored in NVS' databases that, when used in accordance with
database vendor's instructions, do not permit the deletion of such Confidential Information, NVS shall configure such databases to block unauthorized and inadvertent access to such Confidential Information.
 
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	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (c) Assignment of
Regulatory Submissions.  NVS will (i) use Commercially Reasonable efforts to assign and transfer on an as-is, where-is basis to Pliant or its designee all of its rights, title, and interest in an to all Clinical Study data, Regulatory
Materials (including drug master files), and Regulatory Approvals solely related to any Terminated Compounds and Terminated Products (A) owned or Controlled by NVS or any of its Affiliates or its Sublicensees as of the effective date of termination,
(B) not already within Pliant's possession; and (C) to the extent permitted under Applicable Law; and (ii) take those steps reasonably necessary to transfer ownership of all such assigned Regulatory Materials and Regulatory Approvals to Pliant,
including submitting to each applicable Regulatory Authority a letter or other necessary documentation notifying such Regulatory Authority of the transfer of such ownership of such Regulatory Approval.  NVS shall reasonably cooperate, at no
additional out-of-pocket cost to NVS, with reasonable requests by Pliant for reasonable assistance necessary to facilitate Pliant's assumption of regulatory responsibilities for such Terminated Compound or Terminated Product, if applicable, in the
applicable countries in which direct transfer is not permitted.
 (d) License Grant to Pliant. If Pliant terminates this
Agreement with respect to one or more Targets for NVS' material breach pursuant to Section 15.2(a)(i), or if NVS terminates this Agreement with respect to one or more Targets pursuant to Section 15.2(c), NVS shall, and hereby does
effective as of the effective date of such termination, grant to Pliant, (A) a royalty-bearing, non-exclusive license under the NVS Termination Technology to Develop, Manufacture and Commercialize Terminated Compounds and Terminated Products that
bind specifically to, and thereby selectively modulate, such Target in the Field; and (B) if a Terminated Product that binds specifically to, and thereby selectively modulates, such Target was being Commercialized as of the effective date of
termination, a royalty-bearing, non-exclusive license under NVS Termination Trademark(s) solely for the purpose of Commercializing such Terminated Product; provided, however, that the Parties will [***], for a period of [***] days,
and, if the Parties [***], then such [***].  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if NVS terminates this Agreement with respect to one or more Targets pursuant to Section 15.2(c) due to an Adverse Event with respect to such Target, then
NVS shall discuss with Pliant in good faith for at least [***] days the grant of the license under this Section 15.4(d) by NVS to Pliant under the NVS Termination Technology and/or NVS Termination Trademark (as applicable) to Develop,
Manufacture and Commercialize the applicable Terminated Product in the Field.  If after such [***]-day period (or a longer time if mutually agreed by the Parties), [***] the Parties [***], then [***].
 (e) Inventory Sell-Off Period.  In the case of any such termination of this Agreement, NVS (with respect to the Terminated Products in the Territory), shall be
entitled, for a period of [***] days after termination, to (i) complete Manufacture of work-in-progress, and (ii) continue conducting Commercialization activities being conducted by NVS hereunder as of such termination (if applicable ), to the
extent related to such Terminated Product in NVS's inventory as of such termination (or added to such inventory as a result of the completion described in clause (i)), provided that NVS fulfills its payment obligations under this Agreement in
connection with such inventory sell-off.  For clarity, from and after the expiration of such [***]-day period all rights and licenses granted to NVS hereunder (if applicable, with respect to the terminated country(ies)) shall terminate (except
as necessary to permit NVS to perform its obligations under this Article 15).
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	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (f) Transition
Assistance.  With regard to Terminated Products, NVS shall provide the following transitional assistance, with costs allocated as set forth below:
 (i) To the extent NVS has the right to do so, NVS shall promptly provide Pliant with a copy of each license agreement, collaboration agreement or vendor agreement then
effective between NVS (or its Affiliates) and a Third Party that exclusively relates to any Terminated Product, or the Development, Manufacture and Commercialization thereof, and, upon Pliant's request, to the extent NVS has the right to do so, NVS
shall assign or sublicense, and shall ensure that its Affiliates assign or sublicense, to Pliant any such agreement(s).  If NVS does not have the right to make such assignment or grant such sublicense, NVS will provide Pliant with contact
information for such Third Party so that Pliant may pursue an agreement directly with such licensor, collaborator or vendor with respect to Terminated Products.
 (ii) NVS shall, at Pliant's request and cost, for a period not to exceed [***] months following the effective date of termination, to the extent not already provided to Pliant,
transfer copies of (including when available, in electronic format) all Know-How Controlled by NVS that is necessary for the Development, Manufacture or Commercialization of Terminated Products to Pliant or its designee, including without
limitation: [***], in each case to the extent such materials are related to the Terminated Product. 
 (iii) At the end of the
sell-off period set forth in Section 15.4(e), NVS shall transfer to Pliant, at Pliant's cost, any and all inventory of Terminated Products (including all [***]) then in the possession of NVS, its Affiliates or sublicensees, and [***] for a
reasonable period of time until Pliant can assume responsibility for such activities.  All such inventory shall be purchased by Pliant [***].
 (iv) If at the time of such termination, Pliant or its Affiliates are not Manufacturing a particular Terminated Product, then, at Pliant's request, which request shall be made
by written notice to NVS no later than [***] days after the effective date of termination, the Parties will negotiate in good faith a supply agreement under which NVS will supply to Pliant such quantities of Terminated Product until [***]. 
In addition, upon any such termination, any Clinical Supply Agreement (and associated Clinical Quality Assurance Agreement) for such Terminated Product shall terminate. 
 (v) If at the time of such termination, NVS or its Affiliates are conducting any Clinical Studies (including registrational Clinical Studies) of a Terminated Product, then, at
Pliant's election and cost on a trial-by-trial basis, NVS shall cooperate, and shall ensure that its Affiliates cooperate, with Pliant to transfer the conduct of all such Clinical Studies to Pliant within [***] days after the effective date of such
transfer (to the extent practical in light of applicable regulatory and patient safety concerns) and Pliant shall assume any and all liability, and is liable, for such Clinical Studies conducted after the effective date of such termination (except
to the extent NVS has an obligation of indemnification under Section 17.2 existing for a claim that arose prior to the effective date of such termination).  If Pliant does not elect to assume control of any such Clinical Studies, then
NVS will, in accordance with accepted pharmaceutical industry norms and ethical practices, wind-down any on-going Clinical Studies of Terminated Products for which it has responsibility hereunder for which FPFD has taken place.  NVS will be
responsible for any costs associated with such wind down. 
 (vi) If at the time of such termination, NVS or its Affiliates are
Commercializing a particular Terminated Product, then, at Pliant's request, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith a transition services agreement to cover detailing and promotion of such Terminated Product (in the same manner and no more
extensive than the then-current detailing and promotional efforts of NVS) by NVS or its Affiliate or contract sales force pursuant to a transition plan agreed by the Parties for a period not to exceed [***] months, and Pliant shall pay NVS a
commercially reasonable amount to conduct such activities (which amount would include a commercially reasonable per-detail rate).
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	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

15.5 Survival. Expiration or termination of this Agreement shall not relieve the Parties of any obligation accruing prior
to such expiration or termination. Subject to the other terms and conditions regarding the termination and survival of obligations under this Agreement in the event of expiration or termination of this Agreement, upon expiration or termination of
this Agreement, all provisions of this Agreement will cease to have any effect, except that the following provisions will survive any such expiration or termination for any reason for the period of time specified therein, or if not specified, then
they will survive indefinitely: Sections 1.1; 3.5(d)(i); 3.10; 6.1(h)(iv); 10.1, 10.2, 10.3(e), 10.4(c), 10.9 and 10.11 (in each case, solely to the extent payments accrued but remain unpaid as of the effective date of termination); 10.12;
11.1; 15.3 (solely to the extent that the Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 15.2(b)); 15.4-15.6; 17.1-17.7; 19.1-19.8; 19.10-19.13; and Articles 13 and 18.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, each Party's non-use and non-disclosure
obligations under Article 12 shall survive expiration or termination of this Agreement for a period of [***] years.

15.6 Termination Not Sole Remedy. Termination is not the sole remedy under this Agreement and, whether or not termination
is effected and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, all other remedies will remain available except as agreed to otherwise herein. For clarity, where NVS seeks recovery from Pliant of any Damages it has suffered as
a result of Pliant's breach, NVS may elect to offset such Damages finally awarded to NVS against any future payments due to Pliant hereunder, without any floor.

16. REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND COVENANTS

16.1 Representations and Warranties by Each Party. Each Party represents and warrants to the other Party, that as of the
Execution Date:
 (a) such Party is a company duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of its
jurisdiction of formation or incorporation;
 (b) such Party has full power and authority to execute, deliver, and perform this
Agreement, and has taken all action required by Applicable Law and its organizational documents to authorize the execution and delivery of this Agreement by such Party and the performance of all obligations of such Party as contemplated by this
Agreement;
 (c) this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid, and binding agreement enforceable against such Party in accordance with
its terms;
 (d) all consents, approvals and authorizations from all Governmental Authorities or other Third Parties required to be
obtained by such Party in connection with entering into this Agreement have been obtained , except as required pursuant to the HSR Act;

(e) all of such Party's and its Affiliates' employees, officers, and consultants: (i) have executed agreements or have existing
obligations under Applicable Law requiring assignment to such Party or its Affiliates of all inventions made during the course of and as the result of their association with such Party or its Affiliates, as applicable, and obligating the individual
to assign to such Party or its Affiliate, as applicable, all rights in all Inventions made during the course of performance under this Agreement; (ii) with respect to Pliant, are not subject to any agreement with any other Third Party that requires
such officer or employee or consultant to assign any interest in any Pliant Technology to such Third Party; and
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	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (iii) have executed agreements or have existing obligations under Applicable Law obligating the individual to maintain as
confidential such Party's Confidential Information as well as confidential information of other parties (including of NVS and its Affiliates or Pliant and its Affiliates, as applicable) that such individual may receive in its performance under this
Agreement, to the extent required to support such Party's obligations under this Agreement;
 (f) none of such Party, its Affiliates,
or any employee, agent or, to Pliant's knowledge, subcontractor of Pliant or its Affiliates involved in the Research, Development, or Manufacture of the Licensed Product(s), has been Debarred or are Debarred; and

(g) the execution and delivery of this Agreement and all other instruments and documents required to be executed pursuant to this
Agreement, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby do not and shall not: (i) conflict with or result in a breach of any provision of its organizational documents; (ii) result in a breach of any agreement to which it is a party;
or (iii) violate any Applicable Law.
 16.2 Representations and Warranties by Pliant. Pliant represents and warrants to
NVS that, as of the Execution Date:
 (a) Pliant has the right and authority to: (i) grant the licenses granted to NVS under the
Pliant Patents and Pliant Know-How hereunder; and (ii) use, disclose, and commercially exploit, and to enable NVS to use, disclose, and commercially exploit, the Pliant Know-How free from Encumbrances;
 (b) Pliant has not: (i) granted to any Affiliate or Third Party, including any academic organization or agency or other Person, any rights to the Licensed Compounds or
Licensed Products; or (ii) granted any Affiliate or any Third Party rights that would otherwise interfere or be inconsistent with NVS's rights hereunder, nor are there are any agreements or arrangements to which Pliant or any of its Affiliates is a
party relating to Product(s), Pliant Patents, or Pliant Know-How that would limit the rights granted to NVS under this Agreement or that would restrict or will result in a restriction on NVS's ability to Research, Develop, Manufacture, or
Commercialize the Product(s) in the Territory;
 (c) the Pliant Technology comprises all of the Intellectual Property Rights
Controlled by and used by Pliant, its Affiliates, and consultants in the Research, Development, and Manufacturing of the Licensed Compounds and Licensed Products prior to the Effective Date; 
 (d) Exhibit C sets forth a complete and accurate list of: (i) all Pliant Patents in existence as of the Execution Date, indicating the owner, licensor or co-owner(s)
thereof if such Pliant Patent is not solely owned by Pliant or its Affiliates; and (ii) the owner, licensor or co-owner(s) thereof of any Pliant Know-How that is not solely owned by Pliant or its Affiliates;
 (e) Pliant or its Affiliate is the sole and exclusive owner of all of the Pliant Patents identified on Exhibit C as solely owned by Pliant or its Affiliate, free from
Encumbrances and is listed in the records of the appropriate Governmental Authorities as the sole and exclusive owner of record for each registration, grant and application included in the Pliant Patents;
 (f) (i) the issued patents in the Pliant Patents are valid and enforceable without any Claims, challenges, oppositions, nullity actions, interferences, inter-partes
reexaminations, inter-partes reviews, post-grant reviews, derivation proceedings, or other proceedings pending or threatened, and Pliant or its Affiliate has filed and prosecuted patent applications within the Pliant Patents in good faith and
complied with all duties of disclosure with respect thereto; (ii)  neither Pliant nor any Affiliate has committed any act, or failed to commit any act, that may cause the Pliant Patents to expire prematurely or be declared invalid or
unenforceable; and (iii) all application, registration, maintenance and renewal fees in respect of the Pliant Patents that have become due as of the Execution Date have been paid, and all necessary documents and certificates have been filed with the
relevant agencies for the purpose of maintaining the Pliant Patents;
  60
 
 
 

  (g) Exhibit
H sets forth a complete and accurate list of all license, assignment, or other agreements relating to the Pliant Patents and Pliant Know-How, including all Third Party Licenses entered into by Pliant or its Affiliates as of the Execution Date;
and: (i) and no such Third Party License includes any obligations that restrict or conflict with the practice of the licenses granted by Pliant hereunder; (ii) correct and complete copies of each such Third Party License set forth on Exhibit
H have been provided to NVS; and (iii) Pliant and its Affiliates are, and to Pliant's knowledge, each Upstream Party to a Third Party License is, in compliance with all such Third Party Licenses;
 (h) Pliant and its Affiliates have obtained from all individuals who participated in any respect in the invention or authorship of any Pliant Technology effective assignments
of all ownership rights of such individuals in such Pliant Technology, either pursuant to written agreement or by operation of law; and no Person who claims to be an inventor of an invention claimed in a Pliant Patent is not identified as an
inventor of such invention in the filed patent documents for such Pliant Patent;
 (i) Pliant and its Affiliates have taken
commercially reasonable precautions to preserve the confidentiality of Pliant Know-How and no structure of any Licensed Compound or Licensed Product has been publicly disclosed or provided or made available to any Third Parties, including to any
academic institutions or journals;
 (j) to Pliant's knowledge, the Research, Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization of the
Licensed Products do not infringe the Patents or misappropriate the Know-How of any Third Party, nor has Pliant or any of its Affiliates or licensees or sublicensees of any Pliant Technology received any written notice alleging such infringement or
misappropriation;
 (k) to Pliant's knowledge, the Research, Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization of compounds directed to
the Candidate Targets do not infringe the Patents or misappropriate the Know-How of any Third Party, nor has Pliant or any of its Affiliates or licensees or sublicensees of any Pliant Technology received any written notice alleging such infringement
or misappropriation;
 (l) Pliant and its Affiliates are Manufacturing (or having Manufactured) Licensed Compounds and Licensed
Products in accordance with Applicable Law, and Pliant and its Affiliates have the skills, experience, licenses, and resources to provide Clinical Supply of Licensed Product in accordance with this Agreement;
 (m) to Pliant's knowledge, there are no judgments, orders, decrees, or settlements against or owed by Pliant or any of its Affiliates, and there is no written action or
proceeding (excluding ordinary course patent proceedings) of any nature, civil, criminal, regulatory or otherwise, pending or, to the knowledge of Pliant, threatened against Pliant or any of its Affiliates, in each case relating to the Pliant
Technology or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;
 (n) none of Pliant, its Affiliates, or, to Pliant's knowledge, their
licensees or sublicensees of any Pliant Technology, have initiated or been involved in any proceeding or other Claims in which it alleges that any Third Party is or was infringing or misappropriating any Pliant Technology, nor have any such
proceedings been threatened by Pliant, its Affiliates, or, to Pliant's knowledge, their licensees or sublicensees, nor does Pliant or its Affiliates know of any valid basis for any such proceedings;
 
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 (o) no funding,
facilities or personnel of any Governmental Authority or any public or private educational or research institutions were used to develop or create any Pliant Technology, and none of Pliant, its Affiliates, or licensees or sublicensees of any Pliant
Technology have entered into a government funding relationship that would result in rights to any Product residing in the U.S. Government, National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Drug Abuse or other agency, and the licenses granted
hereunder are not subject to overriding obligations to the U.S. Government as set forth in Public Law 96-517 (35 U.S.C. §§ 200-204), or any similar obligations under the laws of any other country; and
 (p) there are no royalties, fees, honoraria, or other payments payable by NVS or any of its Affiliates or sublicensees under any Third Party Licenses to which Pliant is a
party by reason of the exercise of the licenses granted hereunder.
 16.3 Mutual Covenants.
 (a) Compliance. Each Party will and will cause its Affiliates to comply with all Applicable Law in the Research, Development, Manufacture and Commercialization of the
Products and performance of its obligations under this Agreement.
 (b) No Debarred Person. In the course of the Research,
Development, Manufacture and Commercialization of the Products, neither Party nor its Affiliates or sublicensees shall use any employee or consultant who is or has been a Debarred Person, or, to such Party's or its Affiliate's knowledge, is the
subject of debarment proceedings by a Regulatory Authority. Each Party shall notify the other Party promptly upon becoming aware that any of its or its Affiliates' or sublicensees' employees or consultants has become a Debarred Person or is the
subject of debarment proceedings by any Regulatory Authority.
 16.4 Covenants of Pliant.
 (a) Conflicting Transactions. Pliant will not, and will cause its Affiliates not to: (i) grant any interest in any Pliant Technology or any Joint Patents or Joint
Technology that is inconsistent in any material respect with the terms and conditions of this Agreement; (ii) grant to any Third Party, including any academic organization or agency, any rights to any Products except to the extent set forth in a
Research Plan or Development Plan (subject to Sections 3.2 and 6.1(b)); or (iii) incur or permit to incur, any Encumbrances on the Pliant Technology or any Joint Patents or Joint Technology. Pliant will, and will cause its Affiliates
to, use all reasonable precautions to preserve the confidentiality of any Pliant Know-How that has not be publicly disclosed prior to the Execution Date.
 (b) Existing Third Party Licenses. Pliant will, and will cause its Affiliates to: (i) maintain Control of all Patents and Know-How sublicensed to NVS under each Third
Party License to which Pliant or its Affiliates is a party; (ii) not breach or be in default under any Third Party License to which Pliant or its Affiliates is a party under which Pliant Controls Pliant Technology in a manner that would permit the
counterparty thereto to terminate such Third Party License or otherwise diminish the scope or exclusivity of the sublicenses granted to NVS under the Pliant Technology; and (iii) not terminate or breach any Third Party License to which Pliant or its
Affiliates is a party in a manner that would terminate rights that are sublicensed to NVS or otherwise diminish the scope or exclusivity of the licenses granted to NVS under the Pliant Technology. In the event that Pliant or its Affiliate receives
notice of an alleged breach by Pliant or its Affiliates under any such Third Party License, where termination of such Third Party License or any diminishment of the scope or exclusivity of the sublicenses granted to NVS under the Pliant Technology
is being or could reasonably be sought by the Upstream Party, then Pliant will promptly, but in no event less than [***] days thereafter, provide written notice thereof to NVS and grant NVS the right (but not the obligation) to either cure such
alleged breach or to enter into a direct license with such Upstream Party.
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	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 Pliant will not, and will cause its Affiliates not to, amend any Third Party License to which Pliant or its Affiliates is a party
in any manner that adversely affects NVS' exclusive rights to Research, Develop, Manufacture or Commercialize any Products pursuant to this Agreement without first obtaining, in each case, NVS's prior written consent.

(c) New Third Party Licenses. Pliant will, and will cause its Affiliates to: (i) not enter into any agreement with a Third Party
that conflicts with (A) the rights granted to NVS hereunder, or (B) Pliant's ability to fully perform its obligations hereunder; (ii) not enter into any agreements that would impose additional obligations or liabilities on NVS without NVS' prior
written consent; and (iii) promptly furnish NVS with complete and correct copies of all (A) amendments to any existing Third Party Licenses, and (B) new Third Party Licenses entered into in accordance with this Section 16.4(c), in each case
((A) and (B)), executed following the Execution Date.
 (d) Patent Exhibit. Pliant will, upon NVS's reasonable request, update
the list of Pliant Patents on Exhibit C to reflect any additional Patent included within Pliant Technology.
 16.5 No
Other Warranties. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED HEREIN, (A) NO REPRESENTATION, CONDITION OR WARRANTY WHATSOEVER IS MADE OR GIVEN BY OR ON BEHALF OF NVS OR PLIANT; AND (B) ALL OTHER CONDITIONS AND WARRANTIES WHETHER ARISING BY OPERATION OF LAW OR
OTHERWISE ARE HEREBY EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED, INCLUDING ANY CONDITIONS AND WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 17. INDEMNIFICATION; LIABILITY; INSURANCE

17.1 Indemnification by Pliant. Pliant shall indemnify and hold NVS, its Affiliates and sublicensees, and their respective
officers, directors, employees and agents ("NVS Indemnitees") harmless from and against Damages arising out of or resulting from any Claims of Third Parties against them to the extent arising or resulting from:

(a) Subject to any Supply Agreement, Pliant's, or any of its Affiliates', sublicensees' or contractors' actions in connection with the
Research, Development Manufacture or Commercialization of Compounds and Products prior to or, as to Terminated Products, after the Term;

(b) the negligence or willful misconduct of any Pliant Indemnitee or contractor in connection with this Agreement; or

(c) the breach of any of the covenants, agreements, warranties or representations made by Pliant to NVS under this Agreement;

provided, however, that Pliant shall not be obliged to so indemnify and hold harmless the NVS Indemnitees for any Claims for which NVS has an obligation to indemnify Pliant Indemnitees pursuant to
Section 17.2.
 17.2 Indemnification by NVS. NVS shall indemnify and hold Pliant, its Affiliates, and their
respective officers, directors, employees and agents ("Pliant Indemnitees") harmless from and against Damages arising out of or resulting from any Claims of Third Parties against them to the extent arising or resulting from:

 63
 
 
 

 (a) Subject to any
Supply Agreement, NVS's, or any of its Affiliates', sublicensees' or contractors' actions in connection with the Research, Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization of Compounds and Product(s) during the Term;

(b) the negligence or willful misconduct of any NVS Indemnitee or contractor in connection with this Agreement; or

(c) the breach of any of the covenants, agreements, warranties or representations made by NVS to Pliant under this Agreement;

provided, however, that NVS shall not be obliged to so indemnify and hold harmless the Pliant Indemnitees for any Claims for which Pliant has an obligation to indemnify NVS Indemnitees pursuant to
Section 17.1.
 17.3 Indemnification Procedure.
 (a) For the avoidance of doubt, all indemnification claims in respect of an NVS Indemnitee or Pliant Indemnitee shall be made solely by NVS or Pliant, respectively.

(b) A Party seeking indemnification hereunder (the "Indemnified Party") shall notify the other Party (the "Indemnifying
Party") in writing reasonably promptly after the assertion against the Indemnified Party of any Claim or fact in respect of which the Indemnified Party intends to base a claim for indemnification hereunder (an "Indemnification Claim
Notice"); provided, that the failure or delay to so notify the Indemnifying Party shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of any obligation or liability that it may have to the Indemnified Party, except to the extent that the
Indemnifying Party demonstrates that its ability to defend or resolve such Claim is adversely affected thereby. The Indemnification Claim Notice shall contain a description of the Claim and the nature and amount of the Claim (to the extent that the
nature and amount of such Claim is known at such time). Upon the request of the Indemnifying Party, the Indemnified Party shall furnish promptly to the Indemnifying Party copies of all correspondence, communications, and official documents
(including court documents) received or sent in respect of such Claim.
 (c) Subject to Section 17.3(d) and Section
17.3(e), the Indemnifying Party shall have the right, upon written notice given to the Indemnified Party within [***] days after receipt of the Indemnification Claim Notice [***], to assume the defense and handling of such Claim, at the
Indemnifying Party's sole expense, in which case Section 17.3(d) shall govern. The assumption of the defense of a Claim by the Indemnifying Party shall not be construed as acknowledgement that the Indemnifying Party is liable to indemnify any
Indemnitee with respect to the Claim, nor shall it constitute a waiver by the Indemnifying Party of any defenses it may assert against any Indemnified Party's claim for indemnification. In the event that it is ultimately decided that the
Indemnifying Party is not obligated to indemnify or hold an Indemnitee harmless from and against the Claim, the Indemnified Party shall reimburse the Indemnifying Party for any and all reasonable documented costs and expenses (including reasonable
attorneys' fees and costs of suit) and any losses incurred by the Indemnifying Party in its defense of the Claim. If the Indemnifying Party does not give written notice to the Indemnified Party, within [***] days after receipt of the Indemnification
Claim Notice, of the Indemnifying Party's election to assume the defense and handling of such Claim [***], Section 17.3(e) shall govern.

(d) Upon assumption of the defense of a Claim by the Indemnifying Party [***]: (i) the Indemnifying Party shall have the right to and
shall assume sole control and responsibility for defending and handling the Claim; (ii) the Indemnifying Party may, at its own cost, appoint as counsel in connection with conducting the defense and handling of such Claim any law firm or counsel
reasonably selected by the Indemnifying Party; (iii) the Indemnifying Party shall keep the Indemnified Party informed of the status of such Claim; and (iv) the Indemnifying Party shall have the right to settle such Claim on any terms the
Indemnifying Party chooses; provided, however, that it shall not, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed), agree to a settlement of any Claim
which could lead to liability or create any financial or other obligation on the part of the Indemnified Party for which the Indemnified Party is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement or which admits any wrongdoing or responsibility
for the Claim on behalf of the Indemnified Party. The Indemnified Party shall cooperate with the Indemnifying Party and shall be entitled to participate in, but not control, the defense of such Claim with its own counsel and at its own expense. In
particular, the Indemnified Party shall furnish such records, information, and testimony, provide witnesses, and attend such conferences, discovery proceedings, hearings, trials, and appeals as may be reasonably requested in connection therewith.
Such cooperation shall include access during normal business hours by the Indemnifying Party to, and reasonable retention by the Indemnified Party of, records and information that are reasonably relevant to such Claim, and making the Indemnified
Party, the Indemnitees, and its and their employees and agents available on a mutually convenient basis to provide additional information and explanation of any records or information provided.
 
64

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (e) If the
Indemnifying Party does not assume the defense of the Indemnified Party in accordance with Section 17.3(c), the Indemnified Party may, at the Indemnifying Party's expense, select counsel reasonably acceptable to the Indemnifying Party in
connection with conducting the defense and handling of such Claim and defend or handle such Claim in such manner as it may deem appropriate. In such event, the Indemnified Party shall keep the Indemnifying Party reasonably informed of the status of
such Claim and shall not settle such Claim without the prior written consent of the Indemnifying Party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed. If the Indemnified Party defends or handles such Claim, the
Indemnifying Party shall cooperate with the Indemnified Party, at the Indemnified Party's request but at no expense to the Indemnified Party and shall be entitled to participate in the defense and handling of such Claim with its own counsel and at
its own expense.
 (f) Neither Party shall have the obligation to indemnify the other Party in connection with any settlement made
without the Indemnifying Party's written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. If the Parties cannot agree as to the application of Section 17.1 or Section 17.2 as to any Claim, pending
resolution of such dispute, the Parties may conduct separate defenses of such Claims, with each Party retaining the right to claim indemnification from the other Party in accordance with Section 17.1 or Section 17.2 upon resolution of
the underlying Claim.
 17.4 Mitigation of Loss. Each Indemnified Party will take and will procure that its Affiliates
take all such reasonable steps and action as are necessary or as the Indemnifying Party may reasonably require in order to mitigate any Claims (or potential Damages) under this Article 17. Nothing in this Agreement shall or shall be deemed to
relieve any Party of any common law or other duty to mitigate any losses incurred by it.
 17.5 Limited Liability.
NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER PARTY FOR ANY SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR INDIRECT DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT, REGARDLESS OF ANY NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, NOTHING IN THIS SECTION 17.5 IS INTENDED TO OR SHALL LIMIT OR RESTRICT THE: (A) INDEMNIFICATION RIGHTS OR OBLIGATIONS OF ANY PARTY UNDER SECTION 17.1 OR SECTION 17.2, OR (B) DAMAGES AVAILABLE FOR A
PARTY'S BREACH OF ITS [***] INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OBLIGATIONS IN ARTICLE 11 OR CONFIDENTIALITY OBLIGATIONS IN ARTICLE 12; OR (C) DAMAGES AVAILABLE FOR A PARTY'S GROSS NEGLIGENCE, INTENTIONAL MISCONDUCT OR FRAUD. For the avoidance of
doubt, neither Party excludes any liability for death or personal injury caused by its negligence or that of its employees, agents or sub-contractors.
  65

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

17.6 Insurance Obligations.  Each Party warrants that it has sufficient insurance to provide for the financial
protection related to its liabilities and responsibilities emanating from this Agreement. The same protection can be provided by way of self-insurance to the same extent. Prior to enrollment of the first subject in a Clinical Study, the Party being
the sponsor of the Clinical Study will ensure that appropriate coverage is in place according to the regulations of the country(ies) where the Clinical Study will be conducted. Each Party will furnish to the other Party evidence of such insurance
upon request.
 17.7 Disclaimer. The Parties each acknowledge and agree, that: (a) Research, Development, and
Commercialization is inherently uncertain; (b) no outcome or success of any Products is or can be assured; and (c) failure to achieve Development and Commercialization of Products will not in and of itself constitute a breach or default of any
obligation in this Agreement.
 18. DISPUTE RESOLUTION

18.1 Dispute Resolution.

(a) Dispute Resolution. Subject to Sections 18.1(b), 18.3, and 18.5, any unresolved disputes between the
Parties relating to the interpretation of this Agreement or any alleged breach, default or other non-compliance with this Agreement or any term or condition hereof, whether before or after termination of this Agreement, and which are not subject to
Sections 5.7(c)-(d), shall be resolved by final and binding arbitration as follows: 
 (i) Whenever a Party decides to
institute arbitration proceedings, it shall as promptly as practicable, give written notice to that effect to the other Party. Arbitration shall be held in New York, New York, and conducted according to the commercial arbitration rules of the
International Chamber of Commerce ("ICC Rules"). The arbitration will be conducted by a panel of three arbitrators appointed in accordance with ICC Rules; provided, that: (A) each Party shall within [***] days after the institution of
the arbitration proceedings appoint an arbitrator, and such arbitrators shall together, within [***] days, select a third arbitrator as the chairman of the arbitration panel; and (B) each arbitrator shall be conflict-free with respect to each Party
and its Affiliates and any licensees or sublicensees of the Pliant Technology and have significant experience in the biopharmaceutical business. If either Party fails to appoint an arbitrator as provided above or the two (2) initial arbitrators are
unable to select a third arbitrator within such [***]-day period, then such arbitrator(s) shall be promptly appointed in accordance with the ICC Rules.
 (ii) The arbitrators shall render their opinion within [***] days of the final arbitration hearing. Decisions of the panel of arbitrators shall be based on the application of
Governing Law in accordance with Section 18.2 and, absent manifest error, shall be final and binding on the Parties. Judgment on the award so rendered may be entered in any court of competent jurisdiction and the Parties hereby consent to the
jurisdiction of such court for purposes of enforcement of such award. No arbitrator (nor the panel of arbitrators) shall have the power to award punitive damages under this Agreement and such award is expressly prohibited. Each Party shall pay its
attorney's fees and the fees of its appointed arbitrator.  The fees of the third arbitrator and the costs of the arbitration will be paid by the Parties as the arbitrators decide.  The arbitrators shall award to the prevailing party, if
any, as determined by the arbitrators, its reasonable attorneys' fees and costs, including the costs of the arbitration.  Except in a proceeding to enforce the results of the arbitration or as otherwise required by Applicable Law, neither Party
nor any arbitrator may disclose the existence, content or results of any arbitration hereunder without the prior written consent of both Parties.
  66

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

 (b) Expert
Resolution. If a Party submits an unresolved dispute which is subject to the resolution mechanism set forth in this Section 18.1(b) ("Expert Resolution") such dispute shall be resolved by a group of [***] experts, each having
significant experience and expertise in the pharmaceutical business (the "Expert Committee") as follows: 
 (i) The
Parties shall set a date for a meeting of the Expert Committee (the "Experts Meeting"), which date shall be no more than [***] days after the date the Expert Resolution is initiated. The Experts Meeting shall be held in a location determined
by the Expert Committee. [***] The Expert Resolution shall be [***]; accordingly, at least [***] days prior to the date of the Expert Resolution, [***]. The Experts Meeting shall consist of [***], in the form of [***].

(ii) No later than [***] days following the Experts Meeting, the Expert Committee shall issue their written decision. The Expert
Committee shall [***]. The Expert Committee's decision shall be final and binding on the Parties and may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction. The Parties shall equally share the costs and expenses in connection with such Expert
Resolution proceeding and the Expert Committee fees and expenses. Except in a proceeding to enforce the results of the arbitration or as otherwise required by Applicable Law, neither Party nor any arbitrator may disclose the existence, content or
results of any arbitration hereunder without the prior written consent of both Parties.
 18.2 Governing Law. This
Agreement shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to the conflicts of laws provision thereof ("Governing Law"). The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International
Sale of Goods (1980) shall not apply to the interpretation of this Agreement.
 18.3 Exclusions. Nothing in this
Section 18.3 shall preclude a Party from: (a) seeking and obtaining in any competent court injunctive or equitable relief to preserve the status quo or prevent immediate harm to the Party; or (b) submitting any dispute, controversy or Claim
relating to the scope, validity, enforceability or infringement of any Patents or Trademarks to a court of competent jurisdiction, including before any patent or trademark administrative body, in the country in which such Patent or Trademark was
granted or arose. Each Party hereby consents to the jurisdiction of such courts or administrative bodies for purposes of such relief and to service of process by delivery of notice pursuant to Section 19.7. 

18.4 Cumulative Remedies. No remedy referred to in this Agreement is intended to be exclusive, but each shall be
cumulative and in addition to any other remedy referred to in this Agreement or otherwise available under Applicable Law.

18.5 Injunctive Relief. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, the Parties each stipulate
and agree that: (a) the other Party's Confidential Information and Intellectual Property Rights include highly sensitive trade secret information, (b) a breach of Section 4.4, Article 11, or  Article 12 by a Party with
respect to such information may cause irrevocable harm for which monetary damages would not provide a sufficient remedy; and (c) in the case of any such breach or threatened breach, the non-breaching Party will be entitled to seek equitable relief
(including temporary or permanent restraining orders, specific performance or other injunctive relief) from any court of competent jurisdiction without first submitting to the dispute resolution procedures set forth in Section 18.1.

 67

	 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
 
 

18.6 Waiver of Jury Trial. TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY APPLICABLE LAW THAT CANNOT BE WAIVED, THE PARTIES HEREBY WAIVE,
AND COVENANT THAT THEY WILL NOT ASSERT (WHETHER AS PLAINTIFF, DEFENDANT OR OTHERWISE), ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION ARISING IN WHOLE OR IN PART UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT, WHETHER NOW EXISTING OR HEREAFTER ARISING, AND
WHETHER SOUNDING IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE. THE PARTIES AGREE THAT ANY OF THEM MAY FILE A COPY OF THIS PARAGRAPH WITH ANY COURT AS WRITTEN EVIDENCE OF THE KNOWING, VOLUNTARY AND BARGAINED-FOR AGREEMENT AMONG THE PARTIES IRREVOCABLY TO WAIVE
ITS RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY PROCEEDING WHATSOEVER BETWEEN THEM RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT WILL INSTEAD BE TRIED IN A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION BY A JUDGE SITTING WITHOUT A JURY.  
 19. GENERAL PROVISIONS
 19.1 Assignment. Neither Party
may assign its rights and obligations under this Agreement, in whole or part, without the other Party's prior written consent, except that either Party may, without such consent: (a) assign its rights and obligations under this Agreement or any part
hereof to one (1) or more of its Affiliates; or (b) assign this Agreement in its entirety to a successor to all or substantially all of its business or assets to which this Agreement relates. In addition, NVS may, without the consent of Pliant,
assign its rights and obligations, in whole or in part, under this Agreement to a Third Party, where NVS or its Affiliate is required, or makes a good faith determination based on advice of counsel, to divest any Products in order to comply with
Applicable Law or the order of any Governmental Authority as a result of a merger or acquisition or similar transaction; provided that such Third Party has appropriate capabilities, resources, and funding to perform NVS' obligations under this
Agreement.  Any permitted assignee will assume all obligations of its assignor under this Agreement (or related to the assigned portion in case of a partial assignment). For clarity: (i) an assignment to an Affiliate will terminate, and all
rights so assigned will revert to the assigning Party, if and when such Affiliate ceases to be an Affiliate of the assigning Party; and (ii) sublicensing of any licenses granted under this Agreement will be governed by Section 4.1(f). Any
attempted assignment in contravention of the foregoing will be void. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, this Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns. 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, in the event of any such assignment, the intellectual property rights of the assignee shall not be included in the technology licensed to the other Party hereunder to the extent held by
such assignee prior to such transaction, or to the extent such technology is developed outside the scope of activities conducted under this Agreement.  
 19.2 Extension to Affiliates. Each Party may discharge any obligations and exercise any rights under this Agreement through delegation of its obligations or rights to
any of its Affiliates. Each Party hereby guarantees the performance by its Affiliates of such Party's obligations under this Agreement, and will cause its Affiliates to comply with the provisions of this Agreement in connection with such
performance. Any breach by a Party's Affiliate of any of such Party's obligations under this Agreement will be a breach by such Party, and the other Party may proceed directly against such Party without any obligation to first proceed against such
Party's Affiliate.
 19.3 Severability. Should one (1) or more of the provisions of this Agreement become void or
unenforceable as a matter of law, then this Agreement shall be construed as if such provision were not contained herein and the remainder of this Agreement shall be in full force and effect, and the Parties will use their Commercially Reasonable
Efforts to substitute for the invalid or unenforceable provision a valid and enforceable provision that conforms as nearly as possible with the original intent of the Parties.
  68

 
 
 
19.4 Force Majeure. In the event that either Party is prevented from performing its obligations under this Agreement as a
result of any contingency beyond its reasonable control ("Force Majeure"), including any actions of Governmental Authorities, war, terrorism, hostilities between nations, civil commotions, riots, national industry strikes, sabotage, shortages
in supplies, energy shortages, fire, floods and acts of nature such as typhoons, hurricanes, earthquakes, or tsunamis, the Party so affected shall not be responsible to the other Party for any delay or failure of performance of its obligations
hereunder, for so long as and to the extent that such Force Majeure prevents such performance. In the event of Force Majeure, the Party immediately affected thereby shall give prompt written notice to the other Party specifying the Force Majeure
event complained of, and shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to resume performance of its obligations.
 19.5 Waivers
and Amendments. The delay or failure of any Party to assert a right hereunder or to insist upon compliance with any term or condition of this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of that right or excuse a similar subsequent failure to perform
any such term or condition by the other Party, and no waiver shall be effective unless it has been given in writing and signed by the Party giving such waiver. No waiver by either Party of any condition or of the breach of any term contained in this
Agreement, in any one (1) or more instances, will be deemed to be, or considered as, a further or continuing waiver of any such condition or of the breach of such term or any other term of this Agreement. No provision of this Agreement may be
amended or modified other than by a written document signed by authorized representatives of each Party.
 19.6 Relationship
of the Parties. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to constitute a partnership, joint venture, or legal entity of any type between Pliant and NVS, or to constitute one as the agent of the other. Moreover, each Party agrees not
to construe this Agreement, or any of the transactions contemplated hereby, as a partnership for any tax purposes. Each Party shall act solely as an independent contractor, and nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to give any Party the power
or authority to act for, bind, or commit the other.
 19.7 Notices. All notices, consents, waivers, and other
communications under this Agreement must be in writing, in the English language, and will be deemed to have been duly given when: (a) delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); or (b) when received by the addressee, if sent by an
internationally recognized overnight delivery service (receipt requested), in each case, to the appropriate addresses set forth below (or to such other addresses as a Party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section 19.7):

If to Pliant:
 Pliant Therapeutics, Inc.
 260 Littlefield Avenue

South San Francisco, CA 94080
Attn: Chief Business Officer
 If to NVS:
 Novartis Institutes for BioMedical
Research, Inc.
 250 Massachusetts Avenue
 Cambridge, MA 02139

Attn: General Counsel
 Any such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the Business Day received, subject to proof of receipt, as evidenced by the applicable
courier's receipt (or if delivered or sent on a non-Business Day, then on the next Business Day).
  69
 
 

 
19.8 Further Assurances. NVS and Pliant hereby covenant and agree without the necessity of any further consideration, to
execute, acknowledge and deliver, and to cause to be executed, acknowledged, and delivered, any and all such other documents and take any such other action as may be reasonably necessary to carry out the intent and purposes of this Agreement.

19.9 Restricted Party; Restricted Country.  During the Term, NVS will not, and will cause its Affiliates, licensees,
and sublicensees not to, alone or with any third Parties (including through licensing any Third Party), Research, Develop, Manufacture, or Commercialize in a country or territory that is itself the subject or target of comprehensive economic or
financial sanctions or trade embargoes (currently, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, and the Crimea region of Ukraine).

19.10 No Third Party Beneficiary Rights. The provisions of this Agreement are for the sole benefit of the Parties and
their successors and permitted assigns, and they shall not be construed as conferring any rights to any Third Party (including any third party beneficiary rights), except with respect to certain NVS Indemnitees and certain Pliant Indemnitees, who
are Third Parties, solely with respect to Article 17.
 19.11 English Language. This Agreement is written and
executed in the English language. Any translation into any other language shall not be an official version of this Agreement and in the event of any conflict in interpretation between the English version and such translation, the English version
shall prevail.
 19.12 Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with its Exhibits, which are incorporated by reference
herein, sets forth the entire agreement and understanding of the Parties as to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all agreements, proposals, oral or written, and all other prior communications between the Parties with respect to such subject
matter. In the event of any conflict between a substantive provision of this Agreement and any Exhibit hereto, the substantive provisions of this Agreement shall prevail.
 19.13 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one (1) or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute
one and the same instrument. Signature pages of this Agreement may be exchanged by email/pdf or other electronic means without affecting the validity thereof.
 [Signature Page Follows]

 70
 
 
 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties intending to be bound have caused this Agreement to be executed
by their duly authorized representatives.

	 NOVARTIS INSTITUTES FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, INC. 
  
 By: /s/ Scott Brown
 Name: Scott
Brown
 Title: Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel
 	 PLIANT THERAPEUTICS, INC.
  
 
 By: /s/ Bernard Coulie
 Name: Bernard Coulie MD PhD
 Title: Chief Executive
Officer
 

 
  [Signature Page to Collaboration and License Agreement]
 
 

 
Exhibit A
 Licensed Compound
 PLN-1474
 [***]

 
 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively
harmful if publicly disclosed.
 
 

 Exhibit B

Back-Up Compounds
 [***]
 [***]

[***]
 [***]
 [***]
 [***]

[***]
 [***]
 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this
exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 
 

 Exhibit C

Pliant Patents 
 [***]
 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not
material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 
 

 Exhibit D

Initial Candidate Target Research Plan
 1. [***] 

[***]
 [***]
 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both
(i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 
 

 Exhibit E

Pliant Know-How
 [***]
 [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit
because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 
 

 Exhibit F

PLN-1474 Research and Development Plan
 [***]
 [***] Certain
information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
Exhibit G
 Invoice
 [***]
 [***]
Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
 

 
Exhibit H
 Pliant Third Party Licenses
 [***]
  

[***] Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.Exhibit

EXHIBIT 4-1

EXECUTION VERSION

FOURTEENTH SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE 
 
between 
 
TEGNA INC., Issuer 
 
and 
 
U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, Trustee
_____________________

Dated as of January 9, 2020

_____________________

This FOURTEENTH SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE (this “Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture”), is dated as of January 9, 2020, between TEGNA INC. (formerly known as Gannett Co., Inc.), a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Issuer” or the “Company”), and U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee, a national banking association duly organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America (the “Trustee” or “U.S. Bank”).
W I T N E S S E T H :
WHEREAS, capitalized terms used in this Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture which are not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the Indenture (as defined below);
WHEREAS, the Issuer and Citibank, N.A. (“Citibank”) have executed and delivered heretofore an Indenture, dated as of March 1, 1983 (the “Base Indenture”), as amended and supplemented by a First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 5, 1986 (the “First Supplemental Indenture”), among the Issuer, Citibank and Sovran Bank, N.A. (now known as Bank of America, N.A.) and a Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 1, 1995 (the “Second Supplemental Indenture”), among the Issuer, NationsBank, N.A. (now known as Bank of America, N.A.) and Crestar Bank (now known as SunTrust Bank) (the term “Indenture” as used hereinafter refers to the Base Indenture as amended and supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, the Second Supplemental Indenture and this Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture);
WHEREAS, the Issuer, Wells Fargo and the Trustee entered into that certain Instrument of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance, dated as of July 28, 2011, pursuant to which Wells Fargo resigned as trustee under the Indenture and U.S. Bank accepted appointment as trustee under the Indenture; 
WHEREAS, the Issuer shall issue a new series of debt securities, consisting of $1,000,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Notes”);
WHEREAS, in accordance with Section 6.14 of the Indenture, the Issuer has appointed U.S. Bank as trustee under the Indenture with respect to all Securities issued pursuant to the Indenture;
WHEREAS, in accordance with Section 6.14 of the Indenture, U.S. Bank has accepted such appointment by the Issuer;
WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 8.4 of the Indenture, the Issuer has furnished U.S. Bank with an Opinion of Counsel and an Officers’ Certificate as conclusive evidence that this Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture complies with the applicable provisions of the Indenture; and
WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture a valid agreement of the Issuer and U.S. Bank have been done.
NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the premises, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Notes as follows:

SECTION 1.     CONFIRMATION OF APPOINTMENT
(a)    The Issuer hereby confirms the appointment, pursuant to Section 6.14 of the Indenture, of U.S. Bank as trustee under the Indenture with respect to the Issuer’s $1,000,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Senior Notes due 2028.
(b)    U.S. Bank hereby confirms its acceptance, pursuant to Section 6.14 of the Indenture, as trustee under the Indenture with respect to the Issuer’s $1,000,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Senior Notes due 2028.
		
	SECTION 2.     
	 CONFIRMATION OF RIGHTS, POWERS, TRUSTS AND DUTIES

The Issuer and U.S. Bank hereby confirm that:
(a)    The rights, powers, trusts and duties of U.S. Bank, as Trustee, with respect to the Issuer’s 5.125% Senior Notes due July 15, 2020 shall continue to be vested in U.S. Bank.
(b)    The rights, powers, trusts and duties of U.S. Bank, as Trustee, with respect to the Issuer’s 6.375% Senior Notes due October 15, 2023 shall continue to be vested in U.S. Bank.
(c)    The rights, powers, trusts and duties of U.S. Bank, as Trustee, with respect to the Issuer’s 4.875% Senior Notes due September 15, 2021 and 5.50% Senior Notes due September 15, 2024 shall continue to be vested in U.S. Bank.
(d)    The rights, powers, trusts and duties of U.S. Bank, as Trustee, with respect to the Issuer’s 5.000% Senior Notes due September 15, 2029 shall continue to be vested in U.S. Bank.
(e)    The rights, powers, trusts and duties of U.S. Bank, as Trustee, with respect to any other series of the Issuer’s Securities issued under the Indenture as to which it presently serves as Trustee shall continue to be vested in U.S. Bank.
(f)    U.S. Bank is vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of a Trustee under the Indenture with respect to the Notes.
SECTION 3.         DEFINITIONS
Solely with respect to the Notes, Section 1.1 of the Indenture is hereby amended as follows:
(a)    The following definitions are hereby deleted:
“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

(b)    The following definitions are hereby added and inserted in alphabetical order:

- 2 -

“144A Global Note” means a Global Note bearing the Global Note Legend and the Private Placement Legend and deposited with or on behalf of, and registered in the name of, the Depositary or its nominee that will be issued in a denomination equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes issued to qualified institutional buyers (as such term is defined in Rule 144A) that are U.S. Persons.
“Applicable Premium” means, with respect to any Note on any redemption date, the greater of: (1) 1.0% of the principal amount of the Note; or (2) the excess, if any, of: (a) the present value at such redemption date of (i) the redemption price of the Note at March 15, 2023 as set forth in Section 12.6 plus (ii) all required interest payments due on the Note through March 15, 2023 (excluding accrued but unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Treasury Rate as of such redemption date plus 50 basis points; over (b) the principal amount of the Note. 
“Applicable Procedures” means, with respect to any transfer or exchange of or for beneficial interests in any Global Note, the rules and procedures of the Depositary.
“Attributable Debt” means, at the time of determination, the present value (discounted semi-annually at the interest rate implicit in the terms of the lease) of the obligation of a lessee for rental payments pursuant to any sale and leaseback transaction during the remaining term of such sale and leaseback transaction (including any period for which such lease has been extended), such rental payments not to include amounts payable by the lessee for maintenance and repairs, insurance, utilities, taxes, assessments and similar charges.
“Capital Stock” means any and all shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated) of capital stock of a corporation, any and all equivalent ownership interests in a Person (other than a corporation) and any and all warrants, rights or options to purchase any of the foregoing, but excluding any debt securities convertible into any of the foregoing. 
“Change of Control” means the occurrence of one or more of the following events: (i) any sale, lease, exchange or other transfer (in one transaction or a series of related transactions) of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Issuer and its Subsidiaries, to any Person or group of related Persons (other than one of the Issuer’s Subsidiaries), as defined in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act (a “Group”); (ii) the approval by the holders of the Issuer’s Capital Stock of a complete liquidation or dissolution of the Issuer, whether or not otherwise in compliance with the provisions of this Indenture; (iii) any Person or Group, other than the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries or any employee benefit plan of the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries, becoming the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of shares of the Issuer’s Voting Shares representing more than 50% of the aggregate combined voting power represented by the Issuer’s issued and 

- 3 -

outstanding Voting Shares; or (iv) the first day on which a majority of the members of the Board of Directors are not Continuing Directors.
“Continuing Directors” means, as of any date of determination, any member of the Board of Directors who (a) was a member of such Board of Directors as of the date hereof or (b) was nominated for election or appointed or elected to such Board of Directors with the approval of a majority of the Continuing Directors who were members of such Board of Directors at the time of such nomination, appointment or election, either by specific vote or other action of the Board of Directors or approval of the proxy statement issued by the Issuer in which such member is named as nominee for director.
“Credit Agreement” means that certain Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005 as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, as further amended as of September 24, 2013, as further amended as of February 13, 2015, as further amended as of June 29, 2015, as further amended as of September 30, 2016, as further amended as of August 1, 2017, as further amended as of June 21, 2018, as further amended as of June 21, 2018, and as further amended as of August 15, 2019, among the Issuer, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, as may be amended, supplemented, otherwise modified, refinanced or replaced from time to time, copies of which the Issuer will make available to Holders of Notes upon request.
“Credit Agreement Guarantee” means any guarantee executed by any Material Domestic Subsidiary of the Issuer pursuant to the Credit Agreement.
“Definitive Note” means a certificated Note registered in the name of the Holder thereof and issued in accordance with Section 2.12, that shall not bear the Global Note Legend and shall not have the “Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note” attached thereto.
“Depositary” means, with respect to the Notes issued in the form of one or more Global Notes, The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), its respective nominees and successors or another Person designated in writing to the Trustee by the Issuer as Depositary.
“Designated Company Officer” means the chairman of the Board of Directors, the President, the Chief Financial Officer or the Treasurer of the Issuer.
“Domestic Subsidiary” means any wholly-owned Subsidiary that is organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia.
“Exchange Act” means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, and any statute successor thereto.

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“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as in effect from time to time and consistent with those used in the preparation of the audited financial statements contained in the Issuer’s annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.  In the event that any “Accounting Change” (as defined below) shall occur, then all financial covenants, standards and terms in this Indenture shall continue to be calculated or construed as if such Accounting Changes had not occurred. “Accounting Change” refers to any changes in accounting principles required by the promulgation of any rule, regulation, pronouncement or opinion by the Financial Accounting Standards Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants or, if applicable, the Commission.
“Global Note Legend” means the legend set forth in Section 2.12(g)(2), which is required to be placed on all Global Notes issued under this Indenture.
“Global Notes” means, individually and collectively, each of the Restricted Global Notes and the Unrestricted Global Notes deposited with or on behalf of, and registered in the name of, the Depository or its nominee, that bears the Global Note Legend and that has the “Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note” attached thereto.
“Guarantee Agreement” means an agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C pursuant to which each Material Domestic Subsidiary party thereto unconditionally guarantees, on a joint and several basis, the full and prompt payment of all Obligations.
“Guarantor” means each Person that has delivered a Guarantee Agreement to the Trustee.
“Indirect Participant” means a Person who holds a beneficial interest in a Global Note through a Participant.
“Material Domestic Subsidiary” means any Domestic Subsidiary (a) whose total assets at the last day of the most recent Test Period were equal to or greater than 3% of the Total Assets at such date or (b) whose gross revenues for such Test Period were equal to or greater than 3% of the consolidated gross revenues of the Issuer and its Subsidiaries for such period, in each case determined in accordance with GAAP; provided that “Material Domestic Subsidiary” shall also include any of the Issuer’s Subsidiaries selected by the Issuer that is required to ensure that all Material Domestic Subsidiaries have in the aggregate (i) total assets at the last day of the most recent Test Period that were equal to or greater than 90% of the Total Assets of the Issuer’s Domestic Subsidiaries at such date and (ii) gross revenues for such Test Period that were equal to or greater than 90% of the consolidated gross revenues of the Issuer’s Domestic Subsidiaries for such period, in each case determined in accordance with GAAP.  

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“Net Cash Proceeds” means, with respect to any issuance or sale of Capital Stock, the cash proceeds of such issuance or sale, net of attorneys’ fees, accountants’ fees, underwriters’ or placement agents’ fees, listing fees, discounts or commissions and brokerage, consultant and other fees actually incurred in connection with such issuance or sale and net of taxes paid or payable as a result thereof (after taking into account any available tax credit or deduction related to such issuance).
“Non-U.S. Person” means any Person that is not a U.S. Person.  
“Notes” means the Issuer’s 4.625% Senior Notes due 2028.
“Obligations” means the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and interest on (including interest accruing after the maturity of the Notes and interest accruing after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy, or the commencement of any insolvency, reorganization or like proceeding, of the Issuer, whether or not a claim for post-filing or post-petition interest is allowed in such proceeding), the Notes at the place or places, at the respective times and in the manner provided in the Notes, and all other obligations and liabilities of the Issuer to the Trustee or to any Holder of the Notes, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, due or to become due, or now existing or hereafter incurred, which may arise under, out of, or in connection with, this Indenture with respect to the Notes, any Guarantee Agreement or any other document made, delivered or given in connection herewith or therewith, whether on account of principal, interest, fees, indemnities, costs, expenses (including all fees, charges and disbursements of counsel to the Trustee or paying agent or other agent to any Holder of the Notes that are required to be paid by the Issuer pursuant hereto) or otherwise. 
“Participant” means, with respect to the Depositary, a Person who has an account with such Depositary (which, with respect to DTC, shall include Euroclear and Clearstream).
“Person” means any individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, government or any agency or political subdivision thereof or any other entity.
“Principal Property” means, as of any date of determination, any real property, fixtures and equipment relating to any facility owned by the Issuer or any Subsidiary, other than any such facility (i) which the Board of Directors or a Designated Company Officer determines is not of material importance to the Issuer and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (ii) which is not used in the ordinary course of business or (iii) in which the interest of the Issuer and all of its Subsidiaries does not exceed 50%.
“Private Placement Legend” means the legend set forth in Section 2.12(g)(1) to be placed on all Notes except as otherwise provided by the Indenture.

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“Public Equity Offering” means a public offering for cash by the Issuer of its common stock, or of options, warrants or rights with respect to its common stock made pursuant to a registration statement that has been declared effective by the Commission, other than (a) public offerings with respect to the Issuer’s common stock, or of options, warrants or rights, registered on Form S-4 or S-8, (b) an issuance to any Subsidiary and (3) any offering of the Issuer’s common stock, or of options, warrants or rights, issued in connection with a transaction that constitutes a Change of Control.
“QIB” means any “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A.
“Registrar” means the Person maintaining the register of the Notes pursuant to Section 2.8.
“Regulation S” means Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act.
“Regulation S Global Note” means a Global Note bearing the Global Note Legend and the Private Placement Legend and deposited with or on behalf of and registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, initially issued in a denomination equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes sold in reliance on Rule 903 of Regulation S.
“Restricted Definitive Note” means a Definitive Note bearing the Private Placement Legend.
“Restricted Global Note” means a Global Note bearing the Private Placement Legend.
“Restricted Period” means the 40-day distribution compliance period set forth in Regulation S.
“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act (including any successor rule thereto), as the same may be amended from time to time.
“Rule 144A” means Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act (including any successor rule thereto), as the same may be amended from time to time.
“Securities Act” means the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, and any statute successor thereto.
“Subsidiary” means, solely with respect to the definitions set forth in this Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, any corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity the majority of the shares of stock or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power of which at any time outstanding is owned directly or indirectly by the Issuer or by one or more of its other Subsidiaries or by the Issuer in conjunction with one or more of its other Subsidiaries.

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“Test Period” means a period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ended on the last day of the fourth such fiscal quarter.
“Total Assets” means the total assets of the Issuer and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, as shown on the most recent balance sheet of the Issuer set forth in, with respect to any Test Period ending in the first three fiscal quarters of the Issuer, its quarterly report filed with the Commission, or, with respect to any Test Period ending in the fourth fiscal quarter of the Issuer, its annual report filed with the Commission.
“Treasury Rate” means, as of any redemption date, the yield to maturity as of such redemption date of the most recently issued United States Treasury securities with a constant maturity (as compiled and published in the most recent Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15 (519) that has become publicly available at least two business days prior to the redemption date (or, if such Statistical Release is no longer published, any publicly available source of similar market data)) most nearly equal to the period from the redemption date to March 15, 2023; provided, however, that if the period from the redemption date to March 15, 2023 is less than one year, the weekly average yield on actually traded United States Treasury securities adjusted to a constant maturity of one year will be used.
“U.S. Person” has the meaning set forth in Rule 902 of Regulation S. 
“Unrestricted Definitive Note” means a Definitive Note that does not bear and is not required to bear the Private Placement Legend.
“Unrestricted Global Note” means a Global Note that does not bear and is not required to bear the Private Placement Legend.
“Voting Shares” means Capital Stock, or other ownership interests, of any class or classes having voting power under ordinary circumstances to elect at least a majority of the board of directors, managers, trustees, or equivalents thereof, of a Person (irrespective of whether at the time Capital Stock of any other class or classes shall have or might have voting power by reason of the failure to pay a dividend or other amount or by reason of the occurrence of any other contingency). 
SECTION 4.         AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUANCE OF NOTES
(a)    Solely with respect to the Notes, Section 2.3 of the Indenture is hereby amended by adding the following as a new second sentence at the end of the first paragraph thereof:
All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time, and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for issuance of additional Securities of such series; provided that if any additional Securities are not fungible with the applicable series of Securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such additional Securities will be issued with a different CUSIP number (or other applicable identifying number).

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(b)    Solely with respect to the Notes, Section 2.3 of the Indenture is hereby amended by adding the following paragraph at the end thereof:
The Notes initially are being offered and sold by the Issuer pursuant to a Purchase Agreement dated January 7, 2020 among the Issuer, the Guarantors, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and the other initial purchasers named therein.  The Notes and any additional Securities shall be resold initially only to (A) persons reasonably believed to be QIBs in reliance on Rule 144A and (B) non-U.S. Persons in reliance on Regulation S.  Such Notes and any such additional Securities may be transferred thereafter to, among others, QIBs and purchasers in reliance on Regulation S, in each case, in accordance with the procedures described herein.  Additional Securities offered after the date hereof may be offered and sold by the Issuer from time to time pursuant to one or more purchase or other agreements in accordance with applicable law.  
The Notes and any additional Securities offered and sold to QIBs in the United States of America in reliance on Rule 144A shall be issued initially in the form of the 144A Global Note, substantially in the form of Exhibit A, which is hereby incorporated by reference and made part of this Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, deposited with the Trustee as securities custodian for the Depositary, duly executed by the Issuer and authenticated by the Trustee as herein provided.  The 144A Global Note may be represented by more than one certificate, if so required by the Depositary’s rules regarding the maximum principal amount to be represented by a single certificate.  The aggregate principal amount of the 144A Global Note may be increased or decreased from time to time by adjustments made on the records of the Trustee, as securities custodian for the Depositary or its nominee, as herein provided.
The Notes and any additional Securities offered and sold outside the United States of America in reliance on Regulation S shall be issued in the form of the Regulation S Global Note, substantially in the form of Exhibit B, which is hereby incorporated by reference and made part of this Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture.  The Regulation S Global Note shall be deposited upon issuance with the Trustee as securities custodian for the Depositary, duly executed by the Issuer and authenticated by the Trustee as herein provided.  The Regulation S Global Note may be represented by more than one certificate, if so required by the Depositary’s rules regarding the maximum principal amount to be represented by a single certificate.  The aggregate principal amount of the Regulation S Global Note may from time to time be increased or decreased by adjustments made on the Regulation S Global Note and on the records of the Trustee, as securities custodian or its nominee, as hereinafter provided.
The Notes may have notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage, in addition to those set forth on Exhibits A and B, and under Section 2.12(g). The Issuer and the Trustee shall approve the forms of the Notes and any notation, endorsement or legend on them. Each Note shall be dated the date of its authentication. The terms of the Notes set forth in Exhibits A and B 

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are part of the terms of this Indenture and, to the extent applicable, the Issuer and the Trustee by their execution and delivery of this Indenture, expressly agree to be bound by such terms.  
By its acceptance of any Note, including any additional Securities or a beneficial interest in any such Note, bearing a legend or other reference to a transfer or similar restriction, each Holder thereof and each owner of a beneficial interest therein acknowledges the restrictions on transfer of such Note (and any such beneficial interest) set forth therein, including any such legend or other reference, or in this Indenture  and agrees that it will transfer such Note (and any such beneficial interest) only in accordance with such Note, including any such legend or other reference, and this Indenture. 
SECTION 5.         REGISTRATION, TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE
Solely with respect to the Notes, the following paragraph is added to the end of Section 2.8 of the Indenture:
If at any time the Depositary for a Global Note notifies the Issuer that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Note, the Issuer shall appoint a successor Depositary with respect to such Global Note. If a successor Depositary is not appointed by the Issuer within 90 days after the Issuer receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, the Issuer shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver Securities in accordance with Section 2.4 in a definitive registered form in an aggregate principal amount of the Global Note in exchange for such Global Note. 
SECTION 6.         TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE OF THE NOTES
(a)    Solely with respect to the Notes, the following paragraphs are added as new Section 2.12 of the Indenture: 
SECTION 2.12  Transfer and Exchange of the Notes.
(a)    Transfer and Exchange of Global Notes. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, a Global Note may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary, by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or to another nominee of the Depositary, or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such successor Depositary. All Global Notes will be exchanged by the Issuer for Definitive Notes if, and no Global Notes may be exchanged by the Issuer for Definitive Notes unless:
(1)     the Issuer delivers to the Trustee notice from the Depositary that it is unwilling or unable to continue to act as Depositary or that it is no longer a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and, in either case, a successor Depositary is not appointed by the Issuer within 90 days after the date of such notice from the Depositary;

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(2)     the Issuer in its sole discretion determines that the Global Notes (in whole but not in part) should be exchanged for Definitive Notes and delivers a written notice to such effect to the Trustee; or
(3)     there has occurred and is continuing an Event of Default with respect to the Notes.
Upon the occurrence of any of the preceding events in (1), (2) or (3) above, Definitive Notes shall be issued in such names as the Depositary shall instruct the Trustee. Such Definitive Notes will be issued in registered form only, without coupons. Global Notes also may be exchanged or replaced, in whole or in part, as provided in Sections 2.9 and 2.11. Every Note authenticated and delivered in exchange for, or in lieu of, a Global Note or any portion thereof, pursuant to Section 2.9, 2.11 or this Section 2.12, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and shall be, a Global Note. A Global Note may not be exchanged for another Note other than as provided in this Section 2.12; however, beneficial interests in a Global Note may be transferred and exchanged as provided in Section 2.12(b), (c) or (d) hereof.
(b)     Transfer and Exchange of Beneficial Interests in the Global Notes. The transfer and exchange of beneficial interests in the Global Notes will be effected through the Depositary, in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture and the Applicable Procedures. Beneficial interests in the Restricted Global Notes will be subject to restrictions on transfer comparable to those set forth herein to the extent required by the Securities Act. Transfers of beneficial interests in the Global Notes also will require compliance with either subparagraph (1) or (2) below, as applicable, as well as one or more of the other following subparagraphs, as applicable:
(1)     Transfer of Beneficial Interests in the Same Global Note. Beneficial interests in any Restricted Global Note may be transferred to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in the same Restricted Global Note in accordance with the transfer restrictions set forth in the Private Placement Legend; provided, however, that prior to the expiration of the Restricted Period, transfers of beneficial interests in the Regulation S Global Note may not be made to a U.S. Person or for the account or benefit of a U.S. Person. Beneficial interests in any Unrestricted Global Note may be transferred to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note.  No written orders or instructions shall be required to be delivered to the Registrar to effect the transfers described in this Section 2.12(b)(1).
(2)     All Other Transfers and Exchanges of Beneficial Interests in Global Notes. In connection with all transfers and exchanges of beneficial interests that are not subject to Section 2.12(b)(1) above, the transferor of such beneficial interest must deliver to the Registrar either:
(A) both:

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(i) a written order from a Participant or an Indirect Participant given to the Depositary in accordance with the Applicable Procedures directing the Depositary to credit or cause to be credited a beneficial interest in another Global Note in an amount equal to the beneficial interest to be transferred or exchanged; and
(ii) instructions given in accordance with the Applicable Procedures containing information regarding the Participant account to be credited with such increase; or
(B) both:
(i) a written order from a Participant or an Indirect Participant given to the Depositary in accordance with the Applicable Procedures directing the Depositary to cause to be issued a Definitive Note in an amount equal to the beneficial interest to be transferred or exchanged; and
(ii) instructions given by the Depositary to the Registrar containing information regarding the Person in whose name such Definitive Note shall be registered to effect the transfer or exchange referred to in (1) above.
(3)     Transfer of Beneficial Interests to Another Restricted Global Note. A beneficial interest in any Restricted Global Note may be transferred to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Restricted Global Note if the transfer complies with the requirements of Section 2.12(b)(2) above and the Registrar receives the following:
(A) if the transferee will take delivery in the form of a beneficial interest in the 144A Global Note, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; and
(B) if the transferee will take delivery in the form of a beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof.
(c)     Transfer or Exchange of Beneficial Interests for Definitive Notes.  
(1)    Transfer or Exchange of Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes to Restricted Definitive Notes. If any holder of a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Restricted Definitive Note or to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a Restricted Definitive Note, then, upon receipt by the Registrar of the following documentation:
(A) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Restricted Definitive Note, a certificate from such holder in the form of Exhibit F hereto, including the certifications in item (2)(a) thereof;

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(B) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to a QIB in accordance with Rule 144A, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof;
(C) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to a Non−U.S. Person in an offshore transaction in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof;
(D) if such beneficial interest is being transferred pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act in accordance with Rule 144, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(a) thereof;
(E) if such beneficial interest is being transferred in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act other than those listed in subparagraphs (B) through (D) above, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications, certificates and Opinion of Counsel required by item (3) thereof, if applicable;
(F) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(b) thereof; or
(G) if such beneficial interest is being transferred pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(c) thereof,
the Trustee shall cause the aggregate principal amount of the applicable Global Note to be reduced accordingly pursuant to Section 2.12(h) hereof, and the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Person designated in the instructions a Definitive Note in the appropriate principal amount. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note pursuant to this Section 2.12(c) shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denomination or denominations as the holder of such beneficial interest shall instruct the Registrar through instructions from the Depositary and the Participant or Indirect Participant. The Trustee shall deliver such Definitive Notes to the Persons in whose names such Notes are so registered. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note pursuant to this Section 2.12(c) shall bear the Private Placement Legend and shall be subject to all restrictions on transfer contained therein.
(2)     Beneficial Interests in Unrestricted Global Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. If any holder of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Definitive Note or to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form 

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of a Definitive Note, then, upon satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 2.12(b)(2) hereof, the Trustee will cause the aggregate principal amount of the applicable Global Note to be reduced accordingly pursuant to Section 2.12(h) hereof, and the Issuer will execute and the Trustee will authenticate and deliver to the Person designated in the instructions a Definitive Note in the appropriate principal amount. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest pursuant to this Section 2.12(c)(2) will be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denomination or denominations as the holder of such beneficial interest requests through instructions to the Registrar from or through the Depositary and the Participant or Indirect Participant. The Trustee will deliver such Definitive Notes to the Persons in whose names such Notes are so registered. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest pursuant to this Section 2.12(c)(2) will not bear the Private Placement Legend.
(d)     Transfer and Exchange of Definitive Notes for Beneficial Interests 
(1) Restricted Definitive Notes to Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes. If any Holder of a Restricted Definitive Note proposes to exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note or to transfer such Restricted Definitive Notes to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note, then, upon receipt by the Registrar of the following documentation:
(A) if the Holder of such Restricted Definitive Note proposes to exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note, a certificate from such Holder in the form of Exhibit F hereto, including the certifications in item (2)(b) thereof;
(B) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to a QIB in accordance with Rule 144A, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof;
(C) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to a Non−U.S. Person in an offshore transaction in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof;
(D) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act in accordance with Rule 144, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(a) thereof;
(E) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act other than those listed in subparagraphs (B) through (D) above, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications, certificates and Opinion of Counsel required by item (3) thereof, if applicable;

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(F) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(b) thereof; or
(G) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(c) thereof,
the Trustee will cancel the Restricted Definitive Note, increase or cause to be increased the aggregate principal amount of, in the case of clause (A) above, the appropriate Restricted Global Note, in the case of clause (B) above, the 144A Global Note, and in the case of clause (C) above, the Regulation S Global Note.
(2) Unrestricted Definitive Notes to Beneficial Interests in Unrestricted Global Notes.  A Holder of an Unrestricted Definitive Note may exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note or transfer such Definitive Notes to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note at any time.  Upon receipt of a request for such an exchange or transfer, the Trustee will cancel the applicable Unrestricted Definitive Note and increase or cause to be increased the aggregate principal amount of one of the Unrestricted Global Notes.  
(e)    Transfer and Exchange of Definitive Notes for Definitive Notes.  Upon request by a Holder of Definitive Notes and such Holder’s compliance with the provisions of this Section 2.12(e), the Registrar will register the transfer or exchange of Definitive Notes.  Prior to such registration of transfer or exchange, the requesting Holder must present or surrender to the Registrar the Definitive Notes duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instruction of transfer in form satisfactory to the Registrar duly executed by such Holder or by its attorney, duly authorized in writing.  In addition, the requesting Holder must provide any additional certifications, documents and information, as applicable, required pursuant to the following provisions of this Section 2.12(e).  

(1)     Restricted Definitive Notes to Restricted Definitive Notes. Any Restricted Definitive Note may be transferred to and registered in the name of Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a Restricted Definitive Note if the Registrar receives the following:
(A) if the transfer will be made pursuant to Rule 144A, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof;
(B) if the transfer will be made pursuant to Rule 903 or Rule 904, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof; and

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(C) if the transfer will be made pursuant to any other exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit E hereto, including the certifications, certificates and Opinion of Counsel required by item (3) thereof, if applicable.
(2)     Unrestricted Definitive Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. A Holder of Unrestricted Definitive Notes may transfer such Notes to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note. Upon receipt of a request to register such a transfer, the Registrar shall register the Unrestricted Definitive Notes pursuant to the instructions from the Holder thereof.
(f)    Legends. The following legends will appear on the face of all Global Notes and Definitive Notes issued under the Indenture unless specifically stated otherwise in the applicable provisions of the Indenture. 
(1)     Private Placement Legend.  
(A) Except as permitted by subparagraph (B) below, each Global Note and each Definitive Note (and all Notes issued in exchange therefor or substitution thereof) shall bear the legend in substantially the following form:
THE SECURITY (OR ITS PREDECESSOR) EVIDENCED HEREBY WAS ORIGINALLY ISSUED IN A TRANSACTION EXEMPT FROM REGISTRATION UNDER SECTION 5 OF THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND THE SECURITY EVIDENCED HEREBY MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF SUCH REGISTRATION OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.  EACH PURCHASER OF THE SECURITY EVIDENCED HEREBY IS HEREBY NOTIFIED THAT THE SELLER MAY BE RELYING ON THE EXEMPTION FROM THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 5 OF THE SECURITIES ACT PROVIDED BY RULE 144A THEREUNDER.  THE HOLDER OF THE SECURITY EVIDENCED HEREBY AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE COMPANY THAT (A) SUCH SECURITY MAY BE RESOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED, ONLY (1)(a) INSIDE THE UNITED STATES TO A PERSON WHO THE SELLER REASONABLY BELIEVES IS A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER (AS DEFINED IN RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT) PURCHASING FOR ITS OWN ACCOUNT OR FOR THE ACCOUNT OF A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER IN A TRANSACTION MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (b) OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES TO A FOREIGN PERSON IN A TRANSACTION MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF RULE 903 OR RULE 904 OF REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (c) PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT PROVIDED BY RULE 144 THEREUNDER (IF APPLICABLE) OR (d) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANOTHER EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT 

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(AND BASED UPON AN OPINION OF COUNSEL ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY IF THE COMPANY SO REQUESTS), (2) TO THE COMPANY OR (3) PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT AND, IN EACH CASE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES OR ANY OTHER APPLICABLE JURISDICTION AND (B) THE HOLDER WILL, AND EACH SUBSEQUENT HOLDER IS REQUIRED TO, NOTIFY ANY PURCHASER OF THE SECURITY EVIDENCED HEREBY OF THE RESALE RESTRICTIONS SET FORTH IN CLAUSE (A) ABOVE.  NO REPRESENTATION IS OR CAN BE MADE AS TO THE AVAILABILITY OF THE EXEMPTION PROVIDED BY RULE 144 FOR RESALE OF THE SECURITY EVIDENCED HEREBY.
(B) Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Global Note or Definitive Note issued pursuant to subparagraph (f) of this Section 2.12 (and all Notes issued in exchange therefore or substitution thereof) will not bear the Private Placement Legend.  
(2)     Global Note Legend. Each Global Note will bear a legend in substantially the following form:
THIS GLOBAL NOTE IS HELD BY THE DEPOSITARY (AS DEFINED IN THE INDENTURE GOVERNING THIS NOTE) OR ITS NOMINEE IN CUSTODY FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE BENEFICIAL OWNERS HEREOF, AND IS NOT TRANSFERABLE TO ANY PERSON UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES EXCEPT THAT (1) THE TRUSTEE MAY MAKE SUCH NOTATIONS HEREON AS MAY BE REQUIRED PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.12 OF THE INDENTURE, AS SUPPLEMENTED AND AMENDED, (2) THIS GLOBAL NOTE MAY BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE BUT NOT IN PART PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.12(a) OF THE INDENTURE, (3) THIS GLOBAL NOTE MAY BE DELIVERED TO THE TRUSTEE FOR CANCELLATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.10 OF THE INDENTURE AND (4) THIS GLOBAL NOTE MAY BE TRANSFERRED TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY WITH THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE COMPANY UNLESS AND UNTIL IT IS EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR NOTES IN DEFINITIVE FORM, THIS NOTE MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY. UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY (55 WATER STREET, NEW YORK, NEW YORK) (“DTC”), TO THE ISSUER OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR SUCH OTHER NAME AS MAY BE REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED 

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REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS MAY BE REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN. 
(h)     Cancellation and/or Adjustment of Global Notes. At such time as all beneficial interests in a particular Global Note have been exchanged for Definitive Notes or a particular Global Note has been redeemed, repurchased or canceled in whole and not in part, each such Global Note will be returned to or retained and canceled by the Trustee in accordance with Section 2.10 of the Indenture. At any time prior to such cancellation, if any beneficial interest in a Global Note is exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Note or for Definitive Notes, the principal amount of Notes represented by such Global Note will be reduced accordingly and an endorsement will be made on such Global Note by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such reduction; and if the beneficial interest is being exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Note, such other Global Note will be increased accordingly and an endorsement will be made on such Global Note by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such increase.
(i)     General Provisions Relating to Transfers and Exchanges.
(1)     To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Issuer will execute and the Trustee will authenticate Global Notes and Definitive Notes in accordance with Section 2.4 hereof or at the Registrar’s request.
(2)     All Global Notes and Definitive Notes issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Global Notes or Definitive Notes will be the valid Obligations of the Issuer, evidencing the same Debt, and entitled to the same benefits under the Indenture, as the Global Notes or Definitive Notes surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.
(3)     Neither the Registrar nor the Issuer will be required to register the transfer of or to exchange a Note between a record date and the next succeeding interest payment date.
(4)     Prior to due presentment for the registration of a transfer of any Note, the Trustee, any Agent and the Issuer may deem and treat the Person in whose name any Note is registered as the absolute owner of such Note for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and interest on such Notes and for all other purposes, and none of the Trustee, any agent or the Issuer shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

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(5)     All certifications, certificates and Opinions of Counsel required to be submitted to the Registrar pursuant to this Section 2.12 to effect a registration of transfer or exchange may be submitted by facsimile.
SECTION 7.         LIMITATION ON LIENS
Solely with respect to the Notes, Section 3.5 is hereby deleted and replaced as follows:
The Issuer will not permit any Subsidiary to issue, assume or guarantee any debt for money borrowed (hereinafter referred to as “Debt”) secured by mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest or other encumbrance (mortgages, pledges, liens, security interests and other encumbrances being hereinafter called “mortgage” or “mortgages”) upon any asset of any Subsidiary or on any shares of stock or indebtedness of any Subsidiary (whether such asset, shares of stock or indebtedness are now owned or hereafter acquired) without in any such case effectively providing, concurrently with the issuance, assumption or guaranty of any such Debt, that the Notes then Outstanding (together with, if the Issuer shall so determine, any other indebtedness of or guaranteed by the Issuer ranking equally with the Notes then Outstanding and then existing or thereafter created) shall be secured equally and ratably with such Debt.  The foregoing restrictions shall not apply to:
(i)    mortgages on any property existing at the time of the acquisition thereof;
(ii)    mortgages on property to secure the payment of all or any part of the price of acquisition, construction or improvement of such property by the Issuer or a Subsidiary or to secure any Debt incurred by the Issuer, or a Subsidiary, prior to, at the time of, or within 12 months after the later of the acquisition or completion of such improvements or construction or the placing in operation of such property, which Debt is incurred for the purpose of financing all or any part of the purchase price thereof or construction or improvements thereon; provided, however, that in the case of any such acquisition, construction or improvement the mortgage shall not apply to any property theretofore owned by the Issuer, or a Subsidiary, other than, in the case of any such construction or improvement, any theretofore substantially unimproved real property on which the property or improvement so constructed is located;
(iii)    mortgages securing indebtedness of the Issuer or a Subsidiary owing to the Issuer or another Subsidiary;
(iv)    mortgages on any property existing at the date hereof;
(v)    mortgages on property of a corporation existing at the time such corporation is merged into or consolidated with the Issuer or a Subsidiary or at the time of a sale, lease or other disposition of the properties of a corporation 

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or firm as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to the Issuer or a Subsidiary;
(vi)    mortgages on property of the Issuer or a Subsidiary in favor of the United States of America or any State thereof, or any department, agency or instrumentality or political subdivision of the United States of America or any State thereof, or in favor of any other country or any political subdivision thereof, or any department, agency or instrumentality of such country or political subdivision, to secure partial progress, advance or other payments pursuant to any contract or statute or to secure any indebtedness incurred for the purpose of financing all or any part of the purchase price or the cost of construction of the property subject to such mortgages (including without limitation mortgages incurred in connection with pollution control, industrial revenue or similar financings); or
(vii)    any extension, renewal or replacement (or successive extensions, renewals or replacements), in whole or in part, of any mortgage referred to in the foregoing clauses (i) through (vi), inclusive, provided, however, that the principal amount of Debt secured thereby shall not exceed the principal amount of Debt so secured at the time of such extension, renewal or replacement, and that such extension, renewal or replacement shall be limited to all or a part of the property which secured the mortgage so extended, renewed or replaced (plus improvements and construction on such property).
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section, the Issuer or any one or more Subsidiaries may, without securing the Notes then Outstanding, issue, assume or guarantee Debt secured by mortgages which, together with all Attributable Debt in respect of sale and leaseback transactions not otherwise permitted by the Indenture, does not at the time exceed 5% of the consolidated shareholders’ equity of the Issuer, as shown on the audited financial statements of the Issuer as of the end of the fiscal year preceding the date of determination. 
SECTION 8.         LIMITATION ON SALE AND LEASEBACK TRANSACTIONS
Solely with respect to the Notes, Section 3.6 is hereby deleted and replaced as follows:
The Issuer will not, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, enter into any arrangement with any Person providing for the leasing by the Issuer or any Subsidiary of any Principal Property of the Issuer or such Subsidiary, whether such asset is now owned or hereafter acquired (except for leases for a term, including renewals, of not more than three years, and except for leases between the Issuer and a Subsidiary or between Subsidiaries) which property has been or is to be sold or transferred by the Issuer or such Subsidiary to such Person with the intention of taking back a lease of such property (a “sale and leaseback transaction”) unless: 

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(i)    the net proceeds from such transaction equal or exceed the fair value, as determined by the Board of Directors or a Designated Company Officer, of the Principal Property leased at the time of entering into the transaction;

(ii)    the Issuer or the Subsidiary involved use the net proceeds from such transaction to acquire additional real property;
 
(iii)    the Issuer or such Subsidiary would be entitled, pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.5, to issue, assume or guarantee Debt secured by a mortgage upon such Principal Property at least equal in amount to the Attributable Debt in respect to such arrangement without equally and ratably securing the Notes; or

(iv)    an amount in cash equal to the fair value, as determined by the Board of Directors or a Designated Company Officer, of such Principal Property at the time of entering into such arrangement or the Attributable Debt in respect of such arrangement shall be applied to the retirement of Debt of the Issuer or any Subsidiary (other than (i) Debt owned by any Subsidiary and (ii) Debt of the Issuer which is subordinated to the Notes).
SECTION 9.         CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
Solely with respect to the Notes, the following paragraphs are deleted from Section 3.7:
The term “Subsidiary” shall mean any corporation of which at least a majority of the outstanding stock having by the terms thereof ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of  directors of such corporation (irrespective of whether or not at the time stock of any other class or classes of such corporation shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency) is at the time directly or indirectly owned or controlled by the Issuer, or by one or more Subsidiaries, or by the Issuer and one or more Subsidiaries.
The term “Attributable Debt” shall mean, at the time of determination, the present value (discounted at the interest rate, compounded semiannually, equal to the weighted average Yield to Maturity of the Securities then Outstanding hereunder, such average being weighted by the principal amount of the Securities of each series or, in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities, such amount to be determined as provided in the definition of "Outstanding") of the obligation of a lessee for net rental payments during the remaining term of any lease (including any period for which such lease has been extended) entered into in connection with a sale and leaseback transaction.
SECTION 10.     GUARANTEE
Solely with respect to the Notes, the following paragraphs are added as new Section 3.9 entitled “Guarantee Agreements”:

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SECTION 3.9  Guarantee Agreements.  (a)    Prior to or concurrent with the delivery of the Notes to the Trustee for authentication in accordance with Section 2.4, the Issuer shall cause each Material Domestic Subsidiary to execute and deliver to the Trustee, for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes, a Guarantee Agreement.  The Obligations of each Guarantor will be limited to the maximum amount as will, after giving effect to all other contingent and fixed liabilities of such Guarantor (including, without limitation, any Credit Agreement Guarantees) and after giving effect to any collections from or payments made by or on behalf of any other Guarantor in respect of the obligations of such other Guarantor under the Indenture, result in the obligations of such Guarantor under its Guarantee Agreement not constituting a fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer under federal or state law.
(b)    With respect to any new Material Domestic Subsidiary created or acquired at any time while any Credit Agreement Guarantee is outstanding (which shall include any existing Domestic Subsidiary of the Issuer that becomes a Material Domestic Subsidiary), the Issuer shall cause such Material Domestic Subsidiary to execute and deliver to the Trustee, within 30 days after such creation or acquisition, or, with respect to any existing Domestic Subsidiary that becomes a Material Domestic Subsidiary, within 30 days after the date that financial statements for the Test Period with respect to which such determination is made have been or required to be delivered pursuant to the Credit Agreement, a Guarantee Agreement for such Material Domestic Subsidiary created or acquired; provided, however, that no such Guarantee Agreement will be required of any Material Domestic Subsidiary that is not required to issue a guarantee under the Credit Agreement.
(c)    Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Section 3.9, in the event that any Guarantor is released and discharged in full from all of its obligations under all Credit Agreement Guarantees to which such Guarantor is a party, whether because such Guarantor ceases to be a Material Domestic Subsidiary or the Issuer fully discharges all obligations under the Credit Agreement or otherwise, then the guarantee of such Guarantor under this Indenture and the Guarantee Agreement of such Guarantor shall be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged.  
(d)    With respect to Sections 5.2 through 5.12 and Articles Six and Seven of the Indenture, the definition of “Security” shall include, without limitation, any Guarantee Agreement which has been, or will be, executed and delivered to the Trustee pursuant to this Section 3.9, and the Holders of the Notes shall be entitled to the benefits of the Indenture with respect to any such Guarantee Agreement.
SECTION 11.     EVENT OF DEFAULT
Solely with respect to the Notes, the following paragraph is added as a new paragraph (h) of Section 5.1 of the Indenture:

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(h)    failure to comply with any covenant or warranty of the Issuer in respect of the Notes in Sections 13.2 through 13.7 and continuance of such failure for a period of 30 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Issuer by the Trustee or to the Issuer and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Notes, a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder.
SECTION 12.     ACCELERATION ON EVENT OF DEFAULT
Solely with respect to the Notes, the first paragraph immediately following paragraph (g) of Section 5.1 of the Indenture is hereby amended to read as follows: 
If (i) an Event of Default described in clause (a), (b), (c) or (h) with respect to such series of Securities, or (ii) an Event of Default described in clause (d) above with respect to such series of Securities alone or with respect to such series and one or more (but less than all) other series of Securities at the time Outstanding, occurs and is continuing, then, and in each and every such case, unless the principal of all of the Securities of such series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series affected, by notice in writing to the Issuer (and to the Trustee if given by Securityholders), may declare the entire principal (or, if the Securities of such series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal as may be specified in the terms of such series) and the interest accrued thereon, if any to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become immediately due and payable.  If an Event of Default described in clause (d) (if the Event of Default under clause (d) is with respect to all series of Securities at the time Outstanding) or (g) above occurs and is continuing, then and in each and every such case, unless the principal of all the Securities shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of all the Securities then Outstanding hereunder (treated as one class), by notice in writing to the Issuer (and to the Trustee if given by Securityholders), may declare the entire principal (or, if any Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal as may be specified in the terms thereof) of all the Securities then Outstanding and interest accrued thereon, if any, to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become immediately due and payable.  If an Event of Default described in clause (e) or (f) above occurs and is continuing, then the entire principal of the Notes then Outstanding and interest accrued thereon, if any, shall become and be due and payable immediately, without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holders of any Notes.  The Trustee shall be deemed not to have notice of an Event of Default with respect to an indenture, other than this Indenture, or other instrument referred to in clause (g) above unless it shall have received notice of such Event of Default from holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series affected.

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SECTION 13.     MODIFICATION
Solely with respect to the Notes, the first paragraph of Section 8.2 of the Indenture is hereby amended to read as follows:
With the consent (evidenced as provided in Article Seven) of the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding of the series affected by such supplemental indenture (voting as one class), the Issuer, when authorized by a resolution of its Board of Directors, or of a duly authorized committee thereof having been delegated power by the Board of Directors, and the Trustee may, from time to time and at any time, enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each such series; provided, that no such supplemental indenture shall (a) extend the final maturity of any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or any premium thereon, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any amount payable on redemption thereof or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon an acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.1 or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 5.2, or amend the contractual right of any Securityholder to bring suit for the payment thereof or, if the Securities provide therefor, any right of repayment at the option of the Securityholder; provided, however, that Sections 13.2 through 13.7 and other provisions herein with respect to a Change of Control may be waived or modified with the written consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of Securities of the Notes so affected, or (b) modify the Guarantee Agreement in a manner adverse to such Holders without the consent of the Holder of each Security so affected, or (c) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities of any series, the consent of the Holders of which is required for any such supplemental indenture, without the consent of the Holders of each Security so affected.
SECTION 14.     ADDRESS OF THE ISSUER
Solely with respect to the Notes, the first sentence of Section 11.4 of the Indenture is hereby amended to read as follows:
Any notice or demand which by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given or served by the Trustee or by the Holders of Securities to or on the Issuer may be given or served by being deposited postage prepaid, first class mail (except as otherwise specifically provided herein) addressed (until another address is filed by the Issuer with the Trustee) to TEGNA Inc. at 8350 Broad Street, Suite 2000, Tysons, VA 22102, Attention: General Counsel.
SECTION 15.     REDEMPTION

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Solely with respect to the Notes, the last sentence of Section 12.3 is hereby amended to read as follows:
On presentation and surrender of such Securities at a place of payment specified in said notice, said Securities or the specified portions thereof shall be paid and redeemed by the Issuer at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption; provided that if the date fixed for redemption is on or after an interest record date and on or before the relevant interest payment date, the accrued and unpaid interest due on that date shall be paid to the Holders of such Securities registered as such on the relevant record date subject to the terms and provisions of Section 2.3 hereof.
SECTION 16.     OPTIONAL REDEMPTION 
Solely with respect to the Notes, the following paragraphs are added as new Section 12.6 under Article 12 of the Indenture entitled “Optional Redemption”:
(a)    The Notes are redeemable, at the Issuer's option, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, on or after March 15, 2023 and prior to maturity at the following prices (the “Redemption Price”) (expressed in percentages of principal amount), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the date (the “Redemption Date”) fixed by the Issuer for redemption (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date that is on or prior to the Redemption Date to receive interest due on an interest payment date), if redeemed during the 12 month period commencing on March 15 of the following years:
	
		
	Year
	Percentage

	2023
	102.313%

	2024
	101.156%

	2025 and thereafter
	100.000%

(b)    Prior to March 15, 2023, the Issuer may, on any one or more occasions redeem up to 40% of the original principal amount of the Notes (calculated after giving effect to any issuance of additional Notes) with the Net Cash Proceeds of one or more Public Equity Offerings at a redemption price of 104.625% of the principal amount of the Notes so redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the Redemption Date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date); provided that:
(i) at least 60% of the original principal amount of the Notes (calculated after giving effect to any issuance of additional Notes) remains outstanding after each such redemption; and
(ii) the redemption occurs within 90 days after the closing of such Public Equity Offering.

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(c)    Prior to March 15, 2023, the Issuer may on any one or more occasions redeem all or a part of the Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes so redeemed plus the Applicable Premium, as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the Redemption Date (subject to, without duplication, the right of Holders on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date).
(d)    All calculations to be made with respect to any redemption pursuant to this Article 12 shall be made by the Issuer and the Trustee may rely conclusively on such calculations.
(e)    Any redemption may be made upon notice mailed by first-class mail (or delivered by electronic transmission in accordance with the applicable procedures of DTC) to each Holder’s registered address, not less than 15 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date. The Issuer may provide in such notice that payment of the redemption price and performance of the Issuer’s obligations with respect to such redemption may be performed by another Person.
(f)    Any such redemption may, at the Issuer’s discretion, be subject to one or more conditions precedent, including the consummation of any related Public Equity Offering or other corporate transaction or event. In addition, if such redemption or notice is subject to satisfaction of one or more conditions precedent, such notice shall state that, in the Issuer’s discretion, the Redemption Date may be delayed until such time as any or all such conditions shall be satisfied, or such redemption may not occur and such notice may be rescinded in the event that any or all such conditions shall not have been satisfied by the
Redemption Date, or by the Redemption Date so delayed. If any such condition precedent has not been satisfied, the Issuer shall provide notice to the Trustee and each of Holder prior to the close of business on the Business Day prior to the Redemption Date. Upon receipt of such notice, the notice of redemption shall be rescinded and the redemption of the Notes shall not occur. If requested by the Issuer, upon receipt of the rescission notice, the Trustee shall provide such notice to each Holder if such notice were delivered by the Trustee.
SECTION 17.     REPURCHASES
(a)    Solely with respect to the Notes, the following paragraph is added as new Section 13.2 under Article 13 of the Indenture:
Repurchase at Option of the Holder Upon a Change of Control.  (a)    If at any time that the Notes remain Outstanding there shall have occurred a Change of Control, the Notes shall be repurchased by the Issuer, at the option of the Holder thereof, at a price in cash (the “Change of Control Repurchase Price”) equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased plus accrued but unpaid interest thereon, to, but excluding, the date (the “Change of Control Repurchase Date”) fixed by the Issuer that is not less than 15 days nor more than 

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60 days after the date the Change of Control Repurchase Notice (as defined below) is given and on which the Notes are to be repurchased pursuant to this Section 13.2, subject to satisfaction by or on behalf of the Holder of the requirements set forth in Section 13.2(e); provided that if the relevant Change of Control Repurchase Date is after the close of business on a record date and on or prior to the interest payment date for the Notes, the full amount of accrued and unpaid interest shall be paid to the Holder of record on the relevant record date, and the “Change of Control Repurchase Price” shall be equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased.
(b)    In connection with any repurchase of Notes pursuant to this Section 13.2 the Issuer shall give written notice of the occurrence of a Change of Control, the repurchase right arising as a result thereof and the Change of Control Repurchase Date to the Holders and the Trustee (the “Change of Control Repurchase Notice”).  The Change of Control Repurchase Notice shall be sent to the Trustee and to each Holder not more than 20 Business Days after the occurrence of a Change of Control (or, in the case of a Change of Control described in clause (iii) of the definition thereof, if later, the date that the Issuer has notice of such Change of Control).  Each Change of Control Repurchase Notice shall include a form of Change of Control Election to be completed by a Holder and shall state:
(i)    the Change of Control Repurchase Date;
(ii)    the Change of Control Repurchase Price;
(iii)     the name and address of the paying agent;
(iv)    that the Issuer must receive the Change of Control Election before the close of business on the Change of Control Repurchase Date;
(v)      that the Notes must be surrendered to the paying agent to collect payment of the Change of Control Repurchase Price;
(vi)     that the Change of Control Repurchase Price for any Notes as to which a Change of Control Election has been given and not withdrawn shall be paid promptly following the later of the Business Day immediately following the Change of Control Repurchase Date and the time of surrender of the Notes as described in clause (v) above;
(vii)      the procedures the Holder must follow under this Section 13.2;
(viii)      that, unless the Issuer defaults in making payment of such Change of Control Repurchase Price, interest on the Notes covered by any Change of Control Election will cease to accrue on and after the Change of Control Repurchase Date;
(ix)      the CUSIP number of the Notes; and

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(x)      the procedures for withdrawing a Change of Control Election (as specified in Section 13.3).
(c)    At the Issuer’s request, which shall be made at least five Business Days (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) prior to the date by which the Change of Control Repurchase Notice is to be given to the Holders in accordance with this Section 13.2 and at the Issuer’s expense, the Trustee shall give the Change of Control Repurchase Notice in the Issuer’s name; provided that, in all cases, the text of the Change of Control Repurchase Notice shall be prepared by the Issuer.
(d)    If any of the Notes is in the form of a Global Note, then the Issuer shall modify such notice to the extent necessary to accord with the Applicable Procedures that apply to the repurchase of Global Notes.
(e)    For a Note to be so repurchased at the option of the Holder upon a Change of Control, the Trustee or the paying agent must receive such Note with the form entitled “Option to Elect Repurchase Upon a Change of Control” (a “Change of Control Election”) on the reverse thereof duly completed, together with such Note duly endorsed for transfer, before the close of business on the Change of Control Repurchase Date stating:
(A) if the Note which the Holder will deliver to be repurchased is a Note in definitive form, the certificate number of such Note, or if such Note is a Global Note, information in accordance with the Applicable Procedures;
(B) the portion of the principal amount of the Note which the Holder will deliver to be repurchased, which portion must be in a principal amount of $2,000 or integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof; and
(C) that such Note shall be repurchased as of the Change of Control Repurchase Date pursuant to the terms and conditions specified in this Indenture.
All questions as to the validity, eligibility (including time of receipt) and acceptance of any Notes for repurchase pursuant to this Section 13.2 shall be determined by the Issuer, whose determination shall be final and binding.
(f)    The Issuer shall repurchase from the Holder thereof, pursuant to this Section 13.2, a portion of a Note if the principal amount of such portion is $2,000 or integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof.  Provisions of this Indenture that apply to the repurchase of all of a Note also apply to the repurchase of a portion of a Note.
(g)    Any repurchase by the Issuer contemplated pursuant to the provisions of this Section 13.2 shall be consummated by the delivery to the Trustee or the paying agent of the Change of Control Repurchase Price to be received by the Holder promptly following the later of the Business Day immediately following the Change of Control Repurchase Date and the time of the delivery or book-entry 

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transfer of the Note (together with all necessary endorsements) to the Trustee or the paying agent in accordance with this Section 13.2.
(h)    Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, any Holder delivering to the Trustee or the paying agent the Change of Control Election contemplated by this Section 13.2 shall have the right to withdraw such Change of Control Election at any time prior to the close of business on the Change of Control Repurchase Date by delivery of a written notice of withdrawal to the Trustee or the paying agent, as applicable, at the principal office of the Trustee or the paying agent, as applicable, in accordance with Section 13.3.  If the Trustee or the paying agent holds money sufficient to pay the Change of Control Repurchase Price of a Note on the Change of Control Repurchase Date in accordance with the terms of this Indenture, then, on the Change of Control Repurchase Date, the Note will cease to be Outstanding, whether or not the Note is delivered to the Trustee or the paying agent.  Thereafter, all other rights of the Holder of a Note shall terminate, other than the right to receive the Change of Control Repurchase Price upon delivery of the Notes.
(i)    The Trustee or the paying agent shall promptly notify the Issuer of the receipt by it of any Change of Control Election or written withdrawal thereof.
(j)    Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Issuer’s obligations pursuant to this Section 13.2 shall be satisfied if a third party makes an offer to repurchase Outstanding Notes after a Change of Control in the manner and at the times and otherwise in compliance in all material respects with the requirements of this Section 13.2, and such third party purchases all Notes properly tendered and not withdrawn pursuant to the requirements of this Section 13.2.
(k)    No Notes may be repurchased by the Issuer on a Change of Control Repurchase Date pursuant to this Section 13.2 if the principal amount of the Notes has been accelerated, and such acceleration has not been rescinded, on or prior to the Change of Control Repurchase Date.  The Trustee or the paying agent shall promptly return to the respective Holders thereof any Notes (x) with respect to which a Change of Control Election has been withdrawn in compliance with this Indenture, or (y) held by it during the continuance of an acceleration of the principal amount of the Notes (other than an acceleration resulting from a default in the payment of the Change of Control Repurchase Price) in which case, upon such return, the Change of Control Election with respect thereto shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.
(l)    If Holders of not less than 90% in aggregate principal amount of the then Outstanding Notes validly tender and do not withdraw such Notes in an offer to purchase the Notes upon a Change of Control and the Issuer, or any third party making an offer to purchase the Notes upon a Change of Control in lieu of the Issuer purchases all of the Notes validly tendered and not withdrawn by such Holders, the Issuer shall have the right, upon not less than 15 nor more than 60 days’ prior written notice, given not more than 15 days following the Change of 

- 29 -

Control Repurchase Date, to redeem the Notes that remain outstanding following such purchase at a redemption price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the Change of Control Repurchase Date.
(m)    Prior to mailing (or electronically delivering) a Change of Control Notice, and as a condition to such mailing (i) the requisite holders of each issue of indebtedness issued under an indenture or other agreement that may be violated by the payment of the Change of Control Repurchase Price shall have consented to such Change of Control Notice being made and waived the event of default, if any, caused by the Change of Control or (ii) the Issuer will repay all outstanding indebtedness issued under an indenture or other agreement that may be violated by the payment of the Change of Control Repurchase Price to the Holders of Notes under a Change of Control Notice or the Issuer must offer to repay all such indebtedness, and make payment to the holders of such indebtedness that accept such offer, and obtain waivers of any event of default from the remaining holders of such indebtedness.  The Issuer covenants to effect such repayment or obtain such consent within 20 Business Days following any Change of Control, it being a default of the Change of Control provisions of this Indenture if the Issuer fails to comply with such covenant. 
(b)    Solely with respect to the Notes, the following paragraph is added as new Section 13.3 under Article 13 of the Indenture:
Effect of Change of Control Election. (a)    Upon receipt by the Trustee or the paying agent of a Change of Control Election, the Holder of the Security in respect of which such Change of Control Election was given shall (unless such Change of Control Election is withdrawn as specified in the following paragraph) thereafter be entitled to receive solely the Change of Control Repurchase Price with respect to such Security.  Such Change of Control Repurchase Price shall be paid to such Holder, subject to receipt of funds by the Trustee or the paying agent, promptly following the later of (x) the Business Day immediately following the Change of Control Repurchase Date with respect to such Security (provided that the conditions in Section 13.2 have been satisfied) and (y) the time of delivery or book-entry transfer of such Security to the Trustee or the paying agent by the Holder thereof in the manner required by Section 13.2.  
(b)    A Change of Control Election may be withdrawn by means of a written notice of withdrawal delivered to the office of the Trustee or the paying agent, as applicable, in accordance with the Change of Control Election at any time prior to the close of business on the Change of Control Repurchase Date specifying:
(i)  if the Security with respect to which such notice of withdrawal is being submitted is a Security in definitive form, the certificate number of such Security, or if such Security is a Global Note, information in accordance with the Applicable Procedures;

- 30 -

(ii)  the principal amount of the Security with respect to which such notice of withdrawal is being submitted; and
(iii)  the principal amount, if any, of such Security which remains subject to the original Change of Control Election and that has been or will be delivered for repurchase by the Issuer.
(c)    Solely with respect to the Notes, the following paragraph is added as new Section 13.4 under Article 13 of the Indenture:
Deposit of Change of Control Repurchase Price.  Prior to 10:00 a.m. (New York City time) on or prior to the Change of Control Repurchase Date the Issuer shall deposit with the Trustee or the paying agent an amount of money (in immediately available funds if deposited on such Business Day) sufficient to pay the aggregate Change of Control Repurchase Price of all the Securities or portions thereof which are to be repurchased pursuant to Section 13.2.
(d)    Solely with respect to the Notes, the following paragraph is added as new Section 13.5 under Article 13 of the Indenture:
Securities Repurchased in Part.  Any Security that is to be repurchased only in part shall be surrendered at the office of the Trustee (with, if the Issuer or the Trustee so requests, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Trustee and the Issuer, duly executed by the Holder thereof or such Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security, without service charge, one or more new Securities, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder in aggregate principal amount equal to, and in exchange for, the portion of the principal amount of the Security so surrendered which is not repurchased.
(e)    Solely with respect to the Notes, the following paragraph is added as new Section 13.6 under Article 13 of the Indenture:
Covenant to Comply with Securities Laws Upon Repurchase of Securities.  When complying with the provisions of Section 13.2 of this Indenture (if and so long as such offer or repurchase constitutes an “issuer tender offer” for purposes of Rule 13e-4 (which term, as used herein, includes any successor provision thereto) under the Exchange Act, as amended, at the time of such offer or repurchase), the Issuer shall (i) comply in all material respects with Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act, (ii) to the extent required, file the related Schedule TO (or any successor schedule, form or report) under the Exchange Act and (iii) otherwise comply in all material respects with all Federal and state securities laws so as to permit the rights and obligations under Section 13.2 to be exercised in the time and in the manner specified in Section 13.2.
(f)    Solely with respect to the Notes, the following paragraph is added as new Section 13.7 under Article 13 of the Indenture:

- 31 -

Repayment to the Issuer.  To the extent that the aggregate amount of cash deposited by the Issuer pursuant to Section 13.4 exceeds the aggregate Change of Control Repurchase Price of the Securities or portions thereof which the Issuer is obligated to repurchase as of the Change of Control Repurchase Date then, unless otherwise agreed in writing with the Issuer, promptly after the Business Day following the date on which the Change of Control Repurchase Price is made, the Trustee or the paying agent, as applicable, shall return any such excess to the Issuer together with interest, if any, thereon.
SECTION 18.     DENOMINATIONS OF NOTES
Solely with respect to the Notes, the Notes shall be issued in minimum denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof.
SECTION 19.     NO UNDERTAKINGS OR REPRESENTATIONS
U.S. Bank makes no undertakings or representations in respect of, and shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever for and in respect of the validity or sufficiency of this Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture as an obligation of the Issuer or the proper authorization or the due execution hereof by the Issuer or for or in respect of the recitals and statements contained herein, all of which recitals and statements are made solely by the Issuer.
SECTION 20.     CONFIRMATION OF INDENTURE
Except as expressly supplemented hereby, the Indenture shall continue in full force and effect in accordance with the provisions thereof, and the Indenture is in all respects hereby ratified and confirmed.  This Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture and all its provisions shall be deemed a part of the Indenture in the manner and to the extent herein and therein provided.
SECTION 21.     GOVERNING LAW
This Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.
SECTION 22.     COUNTERPARTS
This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
SECTION 23.     HEADINGS
The headings contained herein are inserted for convenience only and shall not be used to construe or otherwise interpret the provisions hereof.
[Remainder of the page intentionally left blank]

- 32 -

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed, and the Issuer has caused its corporate seal to be hereunto affixed and attested, all as of the date first above written.

	
					
	 
	 
	 
	TEGNA INC.

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	By:
	/s/ John Janedis

	 
	 
	 
	Name:
	John Janedis

	 
	 
	 
	Title:
	Senior Vice President, Capital

	[CORPORATE SEAL]
	 
	 
	Markets and Investor Relations,

	 
	 
	 
	 
	and Treasurer

	Attest:
	 
	 
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	By:
	/s/ Akin S. Harrison
	 
	 
	 

	Name:
	Akin S. Harrison
	 
	 
	 

	Title:
	Senior Vice President,
	 
	 
	 

	 
	General Counsel and Secretary
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,

	 
	 
	 
	as Trustee

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	By:
	/s/ William Sicking

	 
	 
	 
	Name:
	William Sicking

	 
	 
	 
	Title:
	Vice President

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

    

    

[SIGNATURE PAGE TO FOURTEENTH SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE]

Exhibits A

FORM OF 144A GLOBAL NOTES

A

Exhibits B

FORM OF REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTES

B

Exhibit C

FORM OF GUARANTEE AGREEMENT

C

Exhibit D

FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF TRANSFER
TEGNA Inc. 
8350 Broad Street
Suite 2000
Tysons, VA 22102
Attention: Secretary
[By Hand or Overnight  
 
U.S. Bank Corporate Trust Services Group   
P.O. Box 64111  
St. Paul, MN  55107
Attn: Transfers] 
 
[By Certified or Registered Mail  
 
U. S. Bank Corporate Trust Services Group  
60 Livingston Avenue  
St Paul, MN  55164-0111
Attn: Transfers]
Re: 4.625% Senior Notes Due 2028 (the “Notes”)
Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of March 1, 1983 (the “Base Indenture”), as amended and supplemented by a First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 5, 1986 (the “First Supplemental Indenture”), among the Issuer, Citibank and Sovran Bank, N.A. (now known as Bank of America, N.A.) and a Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 1, 1995 (the “Second Supplemental Indenture”), among the Issuer, NationsBank, N.A. (now known as Bank of America, N.A.) and Crestar Bank (now known as SunTrust Bank) and a Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 9, 2020 (the “Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture”), between the Issuer and the U.S. Bank National Association (the “Trustee”) (the term “Indenture” as used hereinafter refers to the Base Indenture as amended and supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, the Second Supplemental Indenture and the Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture).  Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture.
                            (the “Transferor”) owns and proposes to transfer the Note[s] or interest in such Note[s] specified in Annex A hereto, in the principal amount of $         in such Note[s] or interests (the “Transfer”), to                             (the “Transferee”), as further specified in Annex A hereto. In connection with the Transfer, the Transferor hereby certifies that: 
[CHECK ALL THAT APPLY] 
1.   ̈  Check if Transferee will take delivery of a beneficial interest in the 144A Global Note or a Restricted Definitive Note pursuant to Rule 144A.  The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and, accordingly, the Transferor hereby further certifies that the beneficial interest or Definitive Note is being  

D-1

transferred to a Person that the Transferor reasonably believes is purchasing the beneficial interest or Definitive Note for its own account, or for one or more accounts with respect to which such Person exercises sole investment discretion, and such Person and each such account is a “qualified institutional buyer” within the meaning of Rule 144A in a transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 144A, and such Transfer is in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. Upon consummation of the proposed Transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the 144A Global Note and/or the Restricted Definitive Note and in the Indenture and the Securities Act. 
2.   ̈  Check if Transferee will take delivery of a beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note or a Restricted Definitive Note pursuant to Regulation S.  The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904 under the Securities Act and, accordingly, the Transferor hereby further certifies that (i) the Transfer is not being made to a Person in the United States and (x) at the time the buy order was originated, the Transferee was outside the United States or such Transferor and any Person acting on its behalf reasonably believed and believes that the Transferee was outside the United States or (y) the transaction was executed in, on or through the facilities of a designated offshore securities market and neither such Transferor nor any Person acting on its behalf knows that the transaction was prearranged with a buyer in the United States, (ii) no directed selling efforts have been made in contravention of the requirements of Rule 903(b) or Rule 904(b) of Regulation S under the Securities Act, (iii) the transaction is not part of a plan or scheme to evade the registration requirements of the Securities Act and (iv) if the proposed transfer is being made prior to the expiration of the Restricted Period, the transfer is not being made to a U.S. Person or for the account or benefit of a U.S. Person. Upon consummation of the proposed transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will be subject to the restrictions on Transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Regulation S Global Note and/or the Restricted Definitive Note and in the Indenture and the Securities Act. 
3.   ̈  Check and complete if Transferee will take delivery of a beneficial interest in a Restricted Definitive Note pursuant to any provision of the Securities Act other than Rule 144A or Regulation S.  The Transfer is being effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to  beneficial interests in Restricted Global Notes and Restricted Definitive Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act and any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States, and accordingly the Transferor hereby further certifies that (check one): 
(a)   ̈  such Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act; 
OR 
(b)   ̈  such Transfer is being effected to the Company or a subsidiary thereof; 
OR 
(c)   ̈  such Transfer is being effected pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and in compliance with the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act; 
OR 
(d)   ̈  such Transfer is being effected pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act other than Rule 144A, Rule 144, Rule 903 or Rule 904, and the Transferor hereby further certifies that it has not engaged in any general solicitation within 

D-2

the meaning of Regulation D under the Securities Act and the Transfer complies with the transfer restrictions applicable to beneficial interests in a Restricted Global Note or Restricted Definitive Notes and the requirements of the exemption claimed, which certification is supported by (1) a certificate executed by the Transferee in the form of Exhibit G to the Indenture and (2) if such Transfer is in respect of a principal amount of Notes at the time of transfer of less than $250,000, an Opinion of Counsel provided by the Transferor or the Transferee (a copy of which the Transferor has attached to this certification), to the effect that such Transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act. Upon consummation of the proposed transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Definitive Notes and in the Indenture and the Securities Act. 
4.   ̈  Check if Transferee will take delivery of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note or of an Unrestricted Definitive Note. 
(a)   ̈  Check if Transfer is pursuant to Rule 144.  (i) The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act and in compliance with the transfer restrictions contained in the Indenture and any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States and (ii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. Upon consummation of the proposed Transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will no longer be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Global Notes, on Restricted Definitive Notes and in the Indenture. 
(b)   ̈  Check if Transfer is Pursuant to Regulation S.  (i) The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904 under the Securities Act and in compliance with the transfer restrictions contained in the Indenture and any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States and (ii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. Upon consummation of the proposed Transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will no longer be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Global Notes, on Restricted Definitive Notes and in the Indenture. 
(c)   ̈  Check if Transfer is Pursuant to Other Exemption.  (i) The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in compliance with an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act other than Rule 144, Rule 903 or Rule 904 and in compliance with the transfer restrictions contained in the Indenture and any applicable blue sky securities laws of any State of the United States and (ii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. Upon consummation of the proposed Transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will not be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Global Notes or Restricted Definitive Notes and in the Indenture. 
This certificate and the statements contained herein are made for your benefit and the benefit of the Company. 

D-3

	
					
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	 
	[Insert name of Transferor]

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	By:
	 

	Dated:
	 
	 
	Name:
	 

	 
	 
	 
	Title:
	 

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

     

D-4

ANNEX A TO CERTIFICATE OF TRANSFER 
 
	
			
	 
	1.
	The Transferor owns and proposes to transfer the following:

[CHECK ONE OF (a) OR (b)] 
 
	
			
	 
	(a)
	 ̈    a beneficial interest in the: 

 
	
			
	 
	(i)
	 ̈    144A Global Note (CUSIP                     ), or 

 
	
			
	 
	(ii)
	 ̈    Regulation S Global Note (CUSIP                     ), or 

 
	
			
	 
	(b)
	 ̈    a Restricted Definitive Note. 

 
	
			
	 
	2.
	After the Transfer the Transferee will hold:

[CHECK ONE] 
 
	
			
	 
	(a)
	 ̈    a beneficial interest in the: 

 
	
			
	 
	(i)
	 ̈    144A Global Note (CUSIP                     ), or 

 
	
			
	 
	(ii)
	 ̈    Regulation S Global Note (CUSIP                     ), or 

 
	
			
	 
	(iii)
	 ̈    Unrestricted Global Note (CUSIP                     ), or 

	
			
	 
	(b)
	 ̈    a Restricted Definitive Note, or

 
	
			
	 
	(c)
	 ̈    an Unrestricted Definitive Note

  in accordance with the terms of the Indenture. 
  

D-5

Exhibit E

FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF EXCHANGE 
TEGNA Inc. 
8350 Broad Street
Suite 2000
Tysons, VA 22102
Attention: Secretary 

[By Hand or Overnight  
 
U.S. Bank Corporate Trust Services Group  
P.O. Box 64111  
St. Paul, MN  55107
Attn: Transfers] 
 
[By Certified or Registered Mail  
 
U.S. Bank Corporate Trust Services Group  
60 Livingston Avenue  
St Paul, MN  55164-0111
Attn: Specialized Finance]
Re: 4.625% Senior Notes Due 2028 (the “Notes”)
(CUSIP                     ) 
Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of March 1, 1983 (the “Base Indenture”), as amended and supplemented by a First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 5, 1986 (the “First Supplemental Indenture”), among the Issuer, Citibank and Sovran Bank, N.A. (now known as Bank of America, N.A.) and a Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 1, 1995 (the “Second Supplemental Indenture”), among the Issuer, NationsBank, N.A. (now known as Bank of America, N.A.) and Crestar Bank (now known as SunTrust Bank) and a Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 9, 2020 (the “Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture”), between the Issuer and the U.S. Bank National Association (the “Trustee”) (the term “Indenture” as used hereinafter refers to the Base Indenture as amended and supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, the Second Supplemental Indenture and the Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture).  Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture.
                            (the “Owner”) owns and proposes to exchange the Note[s] or interest in such Note[s] specified herein, in the principal amount of $         in such Note[s] or interests (the “Exchange”). In connection with the Exchange, the Owner hereby certifies that: 
1. Exchange of Restricted Definitive Notes or Beneficial Interests in a Restricted Global Note for Unrestricted Definitive Notes or Beneficial Interests in an Unrestricted Global Note 
(a)   ̈  Check if Exchange is from beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note to beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note.  In connection with the Exchange of the Owner’s beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note in an equal principal amount, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the beneficial interest is being acquired for the Owner’s own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer 

E-1

restrictions applicable to the Global Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. 
(b)   ̈  Check if Exchange is from beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note to Unrestricted Definitive Note.  In connection with the Exchange of the Owner’s beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note for an Unrestricted Definitive Note, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the Definitive Note is being acquired for the Owner’s own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Restricted Global Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act, (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the Definitive Note is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. 
(c)   ̈  Check if Exchange is from Restricted Definitive Note to beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note.  In connection with the Owner’s Exchange of a Restricted Definitive Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the beneficial interest is being acquired for the Owner’s own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to Restricted Definitive Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act, (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the beneficial interest is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. 
(d)   ̈  Check if Exchange is from Restricted Definitive Note to Unrestricted Definitive Note.  In connection with the Owner’s Exchange of a Restricted Definitive Note for an Unrestricted Definitive Note, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the Unrestricted Definitive Note is being acquired for the Owner’s own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to Restricted Definitive Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act, (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the Unrestricted Definitive Note is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. 
2. Exchange of Restricted Definitive Notes or Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes for Restricted Definitive Notes or Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes
(a)   ̈  Check if Exchange is from beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note to Restricted Definitive Note.  In connection with the Exchange of the Owner’s beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note for a Restricted Definitive Note with an equal principal amount, the Owner hereby certifies that the Restricted Definitive Note is being acquired for the Owner’s own account without transfer. Upon consummation of the proposed Exchange in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the Restricted Definitive Note issued will continue to be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Definitive Note and in the Indenture and the Securities Act. 
(b)   ̈  Check if Exchange is from Restricted Definitive Note to beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note.  In connection with the Exchange of the Owner’s Restricted Definitive Note for a beneficial interest in the [CHECK ONE]   ̈  144A Global Note,   ̈  Regulation S Global Note, with an equal principal amount, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the beneficial interest is being acquired for the Owner’s own account without transfer and (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the 

E-2

transfer restrictions applicable to the Restricted Global Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act, and in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. Upon consummation of the proposed Exchange in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the beneficial interest issued will be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the relevant Restricted Global Note and in the Indenture and the Securities Act. 
This certificate and the statements contained herein are made for your benefit and the benefit of the Company. 
 

	
					
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	 
	[Insert name of Transferor]

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	By:
	 

	Dated:
	 
	 
	Name:
	 

	 
	 
	 
	Title:
	 

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

E-3

Exhibit F

FORM OF CERTIFICATE FROM 
TRANSFEREE 
TEGNA Inc. 
8350 Broad Street
Suite 2000
Tysons, VA 22102
Attention: Secretary

[By Hand or Overnight  
 
U.S. Bank Corporate Trust Services Group  
P.O. Box 64111  
St. Paul, MN  55107
Attn: Transfers] 
 
[By Certified or Registered Mail  
 
U. S. Bank Corporate Trust Services Group  
60 Livingston Avenue  
St Paul, MN  55164-0111
Attn: Transfers]
Re: 4.625% Senior Notes Due 2028 (the “Notes”)
Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of March 1, 1983 (the “Base Indenture”), as amended and supplemented by a First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 5, 1986 (the “First Supplemental Indenture”), among the Issuer, Citibank and Sovran Bank, N.A. (now known as Bank of America, N.A.) and a Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 1, 1995 (the “Second Supplemental Indenture”), among the Issuer, NationsBank, N.A. (now known as Bank of America, N.A.) and Crestar Bank (now known as SunTrust Bank) and a Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 9, 2020 (the “Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture”), between the Issuer and the U.S. Bank National Association (the “Trustee”) (the term “Indenture” as used hereinafter refers to the Base Indenture as amended and supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, the Second Supplemental Indenture and the Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture).  Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture. 
In connection with our proposed purchase of $                     aggregate principal amount of: 
(a)   ̈  a beneficial interest in a Global Note, or 
(b)   ̈  a Definitive Note, 
we confirm that: 
1. We understand that any subsequent transfer of the Notes or any interest therein is subject to certain restrictions and conditions set forth in the Indenture and the undersigned agrees to be bound by, 

F-1

and not to resell, pledge or otherwise transfer the Notes or any interest therein except in compliance with, such restrictions and conditions and the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). 
2. We understand that the offer and sale of the Notes have not been registered under the Securities Act, and that the Notes and any interest therein may not be offered or sold except as permitted in the following sentence. We agree, on our own behalf and on behalf of any accounts for which we are acting as hereinafter stated, that if we should sell the Notes or any interest therein, we will do so only (A) to the Company; (B) under a registration statement that has been declared effective under the Securities Act; (C) to a Person that we reasonably believe is a “Qualified Institutional Buyer” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act) that is purchasing for its own account or for the account of another Qualified Institutional Buyer and to whom notice is given that the transfer is being made in reliance on Rule 144A, all in compliance with Rule 144A (if available); (D) in an offshore transaction complying with Rule 903 or Rule 904 of Regulation S under the Securities Act; or (E) under any other available exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. 
3. We understand that, prior to any transfer of the Notes pursuant to clause (E) of paragraph 2, we will be required to furnish to you and the Company such certifications, legal opinions and other information as you and the Company may reasonably require and may rely upon to confirm that such transfer is being made pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act. We further understand that the Notes purchased by us will bear a legend to the foregoing effect. 
 
4. We have such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of our investment in the Notes, and we and any accounts for which we are acting are each able to bear the economic risk of our or its investment. 
5. We are acquiring the Notes or beneficial interest therein purchased by us for our own account or for one or more accounts as to each of which we exercise sole investment discretion. 
You and the Company are entitled to rely upon this letter and are irrevocably authorized to produce this letter or a copy hereof to any interested party in any administrative or legal proceedings or official inquiry with respect to the matters covered hereby. 

 
	
					
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	 
	[Insert name of Transferor]

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	By:
	 

	Dated:
	 
	 
	Name:
	 

	 
	 
	 
	Title:
	 

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

F-2

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