Document:

<PAGE>

                                                                     Exhibit 4.4

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                               KINDER MORGAN, INC.

                                     ISSUER

                                       AND

                       WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                     TRUSTEE

                               -------------------

                                    INDENTURE

                          Dated as of January 31, 2003

                               -------------------

                          SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES

                               -------------------

================================================================================

<PAGE>
                               KINDER MORGAN, INC.

                 CERTAIN SECTIONS OF THIS INDENTURE RELATING TO
                   SECTIONS 310 THROUGH 318, INCLUSIVE, OF THE
                          TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939:

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<CAPTION>
Trust Indenture
Act Section                                                      Indenture Section
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<S>                                                                <C>
Section 310(a)(1)................................................             609
(a)(2)...........................................................             609
(a)(3)...........................................................  Not Applicable
(a)(4)...........................................................  Not Applicable
(b)..............................................................        608; 610
Section 311(a)...................................................             613
(b)..............................................................             613
Section 312(a)...................................................        701; 702
(b)..............................................................             702
(c)..............................................................             702
Section 313(a)...................................................             703
(b)..............................................................             703
(c)..............................................................             703
(d)..............................................................             703
Section 314(a)...................................................             704
(a)(4)...........................................................            1004
(b)..............................................................  Not Applicable
(c)(1)...........................................................             102
(c)(2)...........................................................             102
(c)(3)...........................................................  Not Applicable
(d)..............................................................  Not Applicable
(e)..............................................................             102
Section 315(a)...................................................        601, 603
(b)..............................................................             602
(c)..............................................................             601
(d)..............................................................             601
(e)..............................................................             514
Section 316(a)...................................................             101
(a)(1)(A)........................................................        502; 512
(a)(1)(B)........................................................             513
(a)(2)...........................................................  Not Applicable
(b)..............................................................             508
(c)..............................................................             104
Section 317(a)(1)................................................             503
(a)(2)...........................................................             504
(b)..............................................................            1003
Section 318(a)...................................................             107
</TABLE>

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NOTE: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be
      a part of the Indenture.

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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
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                                            ARTICLE I
                    DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

Section 101.  Definitions.............................................................1
Section 102.  Compliance Certificates and Opinions....................................7
Section 103.  Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee..................................8
Section 104.  Acts of Holders; Record Dates...........................................8
Section 105.  Notices, Etc., to Trustee and the Company...............................9
Section 106.  Notice to Holders; Waiver..............................................10
Section 107.  Conflict with Trust Indenture Act......................................10
Section 108.  Effect of Headings and Table of Contents...............................10
Section 109.  Successors and Assigns.................................................11
Section 110.  Separability Clause....................................................11
Section 111.  Benefits of Indenture..................................................11
Section 112.  Governing Law..........................................................11
Section 113.  Legal Holidays.........................................................11
Section 114.  Language of Notices, Etc...............................................11
Section 115.  Interest Limitation....................................................11
Section 116.  No Personal Liability of Officers, Directors, Employees or
              Shareholders...........................................................12

                                            ARTICLE II
                                         SECURITY FORMS

Section 201.  Forms Generally........................................................12
Section 202.  Form of Face of Security...............................................13
Section 203.  Form of Reverse of Security............................................15
Section 204.  Global Securities......................................................20
Section 205.  Form of Trustee's Certificate and Authorization........................21

                                          ARTICLE III
                                        THE SECURITIES

Section 301.  Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series...................................21
Section 302.  Denominations..........................................................24
Section 303.  Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.........................25
Section 304.  Temporary Securities...................................................27
Section 305.  Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange....................27
Section 306.  Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.......................29
Section 307.  Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.........................30
Section 308.  Persons Deemed Owners..................................................31
Section 309.  Cancellation...........................................................31
Section 310.  Computation of Interest................................................31
Section 311.  CUSIP Numbers..........................................................32

                                          ARTICLE IV
                                 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

Section 401.  Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture................................32
Section 402.  Application of Trust Money.............................................33
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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                  (continued)
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                                          ARTICLE V
                                           REMEDIES

Section 501.  Events of Default......................................................33
Section 502.  Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.....................34
Section 503.  Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee........35
Section 504.  Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.......................................36
Section 505.  Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities............36
Section 506.  Application of Money Collected.........................................36
Section 507.  Limitation on Suits....................................................37
Section 508.  Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal,
              Premium and Interest...................................................37
Section 509.  Restoration of Rights and Remedies.....................................38
Section 510.  Rights and Remedies Cumulative.........................................38
Section 511.  Delay or Omission Not Waiver...........................................38
Section 512.  Control by Holders.....................................................38
Section 513.  Waiver of Past Defaults................................................39
Section 514.  Undertaking for Costs..................................................39

                                         ARTICLE VI
                                        THE TRUSTEE

Section 601.  Certain Duties and Responsibilities....................................39
Section 602.  Notice of Defaults.....................................................40
Section 603.  Certain Rights of Trustee..............................................41
Section 604.  Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.................42
Section 605.  May Hold Securities....................................................42
Section 606.  Money Held in Trust....................................................42
Section 607.  Compensation and Reimbursement.........................................42
Section 608.  Disqualification; Conflicting Interests................................43
Section 609.  Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility................................43
Section 610.  Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor......................43
Section 611.  Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.................................45
Section 612.  Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business............46
Section 613.  Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company..................46
Section 614.  Appointment of Authenticating Agent....................................46

                                         ARTICLE VII
                    HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND THE COMPANY

Section 701.  The Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders..........48
Section 702.  Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.................48
Section 703.  Reports by Trustee.....................................................48
Section 704.  Reports by the Company.................................................49
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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                  (continued)
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                                       ARTICLE VIII
                   CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

Section 801.  The Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms...............49
Section 802.  Successor Substituted..................................................50

                                        ARTICLE IX
                                  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

Section 901.  Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.....................50
Section 902.  Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders........................51
Section 903.  Execution of Supplemental Indentures...................................52
Section 904.  Effect of Supplemental Indentures......................................52
Section 905.  Conformity with Trust Indenture Act....................................52
Section 906.  Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.....................52

                                       ARTICLE X
                                       COVENANTS

Section 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.............................53
Section 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency........................................53
Section 1003. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust......................53
Section 1004. Statement by Officers as to Default....................................55

                                      ARTICLE XI
                               REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

Section 1101. Applicability of Article...............................................55
Section 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee..................................55
Section 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed......................55
Section 1104. Notice of Redemption...................................................56
Section 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price............................................56
Section 1106. Securities Payable on Redemption Date..................................57
Section 1107. Securities Redeemed in Part............................................57

                                     ARTICLE XII
                                    SINKING FUNDS

Section 1201. Applicability of Article...............................................57
Section 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities..................58
Section 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund..............................58

                                    ARTICLE XIII
                                     DEFEASANCE

Section 1301. Applicability of Article...............................................58
Section 1302. Legal Defeasance.......................................................58
Section 1303. Covenant Defeasance....................................................60
Section 1304. Application by Trustee of Funds Deposited for
              Payment of Securities..................................................61
Section 1305. Repayment to the Company...............................................62
Section 1306. Reinstatement..........................................................62
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                                  (continued)
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                                    ARTICLE XIV
                           SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

Section 1401. Securities Subordinated to Senior Debt.................................62
</TABLE>

                                      -v-
<PAGE>
         INDENTURE dated as of January 31, 2003, between KINDER MORGAN, INC., a
Kansas corporation (the "Company"), having its principal office at One Allen
Center, Suite 1000, 500 Dallas Street, Houston, Texas 77002, and WACHOVIA BANK,
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee (the "Trustee").

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

         The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured
subordinated debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (the
"Securities"), to be issued in one or more series as in this Indenture provided.

         All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the
Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

         This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act
that are required to be a part of this Indenture and, to the extent applicable,
shall be governed by such provisions.

         NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

         For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually agreed, for the equal and
proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of any series thereof,
as follows:

                                    ARTICLE I

             DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

Section 101. Definitions

         For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly
provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

            (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to
them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

            (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust
Indenture Act, either directly, or by reference therein, have the meanings
assigned to them therein;

            (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the
meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States, and, except as otherwise herein expressly
provided, the term "generally accepted accounting principles" with respect to
any computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting
principles as are generally accepted in the United States at the date of such
computation;
<PAGE>
            (4) the words "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of
similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular
Article, Section or other subdivision; and

            (5) the words "Article" and "Section" refer to an Article and
Section, respectively, of this Indenture.

         "Act", when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified
in Section 104.

         "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise,
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the
foregoing.

         "Authenticating Agent" means any Person authorized by the Trustee
pursuant to Section 614 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of one or more series.

         "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper, in the English language or in
an official language of the country of publication, customarily published on
each Business Day, whether or not published on Saturdays, Sundays or holidays,
and of general circulation in the place in connection with which the term is
used or in the financial community of such place.

         "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or
state law for the relief of debtors or the protection of creditors.

         "Board of Directors" means the board of directors of the Company, or
the executive or any other committee of that board duly authorized to act in
respect thereof.

         "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the
Corporate Secretary of the Company, the principal financial officer of the
Company or any other authorized officer of the Company or a Person duly
authorized by any of them, to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors
and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and
delivered to the Trustee.

         "Business Day", when used with respect to any Place of Payment or other
location, means, except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301
with respect to any series of Securities, each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in that
Place of Payment or other location are authorized or obligated by law, executive
order or regulation to close.

         "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time
to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act or, if at any time after the
execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the
duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body
performing such duties at such time.

                                      -2-
<PAGE>
         "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor Person.

         "Company Request" or "Company Order" means a written request or order
signed in the name of the Company by the Chairman of the Board, the Vice
Chairman, the President or a Vice President of the Company, and by the Treasurer
or Secretary of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee.

         "Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Trustee at which at
any particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally
administered, which at the date hereof is 12 East 49th Street, 37th Floor, New
York, New York 10017.

         "Corporation" includes corporations, associations, partnerships
(general or limited), limited liability companies, joint-stock companies and
business trusts.

         "Covenant defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1303.

         "Custodian" means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or
similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

         "Debt" means any obligation created or assumed by any Person for the
repayment of money borrowed, any purchase money obligation created or assumed by
such Person and any guarantee of the foregoing.

         "Default" means, with respect to a series of Securities, any event
which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of
Default with respect to Securities of such series.

         "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

         "Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1302.

         "Definitive Security" means a Security other than a Global Security or
a temporary Security.

         "Depositary" means, with respect to Securities of any series issuable
in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, a clearing
agency registered under the Exchange Act that is designated to act as Depositary
for such Securities as contemplated by Section 301, until a successor Depositary
shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture,
and thereafter shall mean or include each Person which is then a Depositary
hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, shall be a
collective reference to such Persons.

         "Dollar" or "$" means the coin or currency of the United States of
America as at the time of payment is legal tender for the payment of public and
private debts.

         "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

                                      -3-
<PAGE>
         "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
from time to time, and any statute successor thereto.

         "Global Security" means a Security in global form that evidences all or
part of the Securities of any series and is registered in the name of the
Depositary for such Securities or a nominee thereof.

         "Holder" means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the
Security Register.

         "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed or as it may
from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof,
including, for all purposes of this instrument, and any such supplemental
indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a
part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture,
respectively. The term "Indenture" also shall include the terms of particular
series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 301.

         "Interest", when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount
Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest
payable after Maturity.

         "Interest Payment Date", when used with respect to any Security, means
the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

         "Maturity", when used with respect to any Security, means the date on
which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due
and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by
declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

         "Notice of Default" means a written notice of the kind specified in
Section 501(3).

         "Officers' Certificate" of a Person means a certificate signed by the
Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman, the President or a Vice President, and
by the Treasurer or the Secretary, of the Person, or if such Person is a
partnership, of its general partner, and delivered to the Trustee. One of the
officers or such other Persons (as applicable) signing an Officers' Certificate
given pursuant to Section 1004 shall be the principal executive, financial or
accounting officer of the Person, or if such Person is a partnership, of its
general partner.

         "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of legal counsel, who may
be an employee of or counsel for the Company, which opinion shall comply with
the provisions of Sections 102 and 103. Such counsel shall be acceptable to the
Trustee, whose acceptance shall not be unreasonably withheld.

         "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which provides
for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and
payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
Section 502.

         "Outstanding", when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the
date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture, except:

                                      -4-
<PAGE>
            (i) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to
the Trustee for cancellation;

            (ii) Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the
necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying
Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by
the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders
of such Securities; provided, however, that, if such Securities are to be
redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this
Indenture or provision therefor has been made;

            (iii) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 306 or in
exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and
delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect
of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it
that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such
Securities are valid obligations of the Company; and

            (iv) Securities, except to the extent provided in Sections 1302 and
1303, with respect to which the Company has effected defeasance or covenant
defeasance as provided in Article XIII;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, (A) the principal
amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed to be
Outstanding shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and
payable as of the date of such determination upon acceleration of the Maturity
thereof on such date pursuant to Section 502, (B) the principal amount of a
Security denominated in one or more currencies or currency units other than U.S.
dollars shall be the U.S. dollar equivalent of such currencies or currency
units, determined in the manner provided as contemplated by Section 301 on the
date of original issuance of such Security, of the principal amount (or, in the
case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the U.S. dollar equivalent (as so
determined) on the date of original issuance of such Security, of the amount
determined as provided in Clause (A) above) of such Security, and (C) Securities
owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate
of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to
be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be
protected in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which the Trustee knows to be so
owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned as described in Clause (C)
above which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if
the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right
so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the
Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company
or of such other obligor.

         "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the
principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on behalf of the
Company.

         "Periodic Offering" means an offering of Securities of a series from
time to time, the specific terms of which Securities, including, without
limitation, the rate or rates of interest or formula for determining the rate or
rates of interest thereon, if any, the Stated Maturity or Stated

                                      -5-
<PAGE>
Maturities thereof, the original issue date or dates thereof, the redemption
provisions, if any, with respect thereto, and any other terms specified as
contemplated by Section 301 with respect thereto, are to be determined by the
Company upon the issuance of such Securities.

         "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political
subdivision thereof.

         "Place of Payment", when used with respect to the Securities of any
series, means, unless otherwise specifically provided for with respect to such
series as contemplated by Section 301, the office or agency of the Company in
The City of New York and such other place or places where, subject to the
provisions of Section 1002, the principal of and any premium and interest on the
Securities of that series are payable as specified as contemplated by Section
301.

         "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same Debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security
authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in lieu of a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the
same Debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

         "Redemption Date", when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this
Indenture.

         "Redemption Price", when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this
Indenture.

         "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment
Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that purpose
as contemplated by Section 301.

         "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this
Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.

         "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the respective
meanings specified in Section 305.

         "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a
date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

         "Stated Maturity", when used with respect to the principal of any
Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the
date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such
Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

         "Subsidiary" means, with respect to any Person, any entity of which
more than 50% of the total voting power of the equity interests entitled,
without regard to the occurrence of any contingency, to vote in the election of
directors, managers or trustees thereof; or any partnership of which more than
50% of the partners' equity interests, considering all partners' equity
interests

                                      -6-
<PAGE>
as a single class, is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly,
by that Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person or
combination thereof.

         "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force
at the date as of which this instrument was executed, except as otherwise
provided in Section 905; provided, however, that if the Trust Indenture Act of
1939 is amended after such date, "Trust Indenture Act" means, to the extent
required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

         "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and
if at any time there is more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with
respect to the Securities of any series shall mean each Trustee with respect to
Securities of that series.

         "U.S. Government Obligations" means securities which are (i) direct
obligations of the United States for the payment of which its full faith and
credit is pledged, or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by
and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States, the payment of
which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the
United States, each of which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the
issuer thereof.

         "Vice President", when used with respect to the Company, means any vice
president of the Company, or when used with respect to the Trustee, means any
vice president of the Trustee.

Section 102. Compliance Certificates and Opinions

         Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take
or refrain from taking any action under any provision of this Indenture, the
Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate in form and
substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee stating that, in the opinion of
the signers, all conditions precedent and covenants, if any, provided for in
this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with, and an
Opinion of Counsel in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee
stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have
been complied with. Each such certificate or opinion shall be given in the form
of an Officers' Certificate, if to be given by officers of the Company, or an
Opinion of Counsel, if to be given by counsel, and shall comply with the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act and any other requirements set forth in
this Indenture.

         Every Officers' Certificate or Opinion of Counsel (except for
certificates provided for in Section 1004) shall include:

            (1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or
opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating
thereto;

            (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination
or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
certificate or opinion are based;

                                      -7-
<PAGE>
            (3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has
made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express
an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been
complied with; and

            (4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such
individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

Section 103.      Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee

         In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or
covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all
such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one
such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one
or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify
or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

         Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are
erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as
it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, an officer or officers of the Company, stating that the
information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the
Company, unless such counsel knows that the certificate or opinion or
representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.

         Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.

Section 104. Acts of Holders; Record Dates

         Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given or taken by
Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of
substantially similar tenor signed (either physically or by means of a facsimile
or an electronic transmission, provided that such electronic transmission is
transmitted through the facilities of a Depositary) by such Holders in person or
by an agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly
provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments
are delivered (either physically or by means of a facsimile or an electronic
transmission, provided that such electronic transmission is transmitted through
the facilities of a Depositary) to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly
required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action
embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the
"Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution
of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be
sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 315 of the
Trust Indenture Act) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made
in the manner provided in this Section.

                                      -8-
<PAGE>
         Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, a Holder, including a
Depositary that is a Holder of a Global Security, may make, give or take, by a
proxy or proxies, duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided in this Indenture to
be made, given or taken by Holders, and a Depositary that is a Holder of a
Global Security may provide its proxy or proxies to the beneficial owners of
interests in any such Global Security.

         The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument
or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a
certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take
acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument
or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by
a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such
certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his
authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing
or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any
other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

         The ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of Securities held
by any Person, and the date of commencement of such Person's holding the same,
shall be proved by the Security Register.

         Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of
the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration
of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of
anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in
reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such
Security.

         Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to give or
take any action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with
regard to all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or
more duly appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment
with regard to all or any different part of such principal amount.

         The Company may set any day as the record date for the purpose of
determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to give
or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given or taken by
Holders of Securities of such series, but the Company shall have no obligation
to do so. With regard to any record date set pursuant to this paragraph, the
Holders of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on such record date (or
their duly appointed agents), and only such Persons, shall be entitled to give
or take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after
such record date.

Section 105. Notices, Etc., to Trustee and the Company

         Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to
be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

                                      -9-
<PAGE>
            (1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient
for every purpose hereunder if made in writing and actually received by the
Trustee at its office at 5847 San Felipe, Suite 1050, Houston, Texas 77057, or
at any other address previously furnished in writing by the Trustee, or

            (2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient
for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in
writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company, addressed to it
at One Allen Center, Suite 1000, 500 Dallas, Houston, Texas 77002, to the
attention of the Corporate Secretary, or at any other address previously
furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.

Section 106. Notice to Holders; Waiver

         Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such
notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided)
if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid (if international mail, by
air mail), to each Holder affected by such event, at his address as it appears
in the Security Register, not later than the latest date (if any), and not
earlier than the earliest date (if any), prescribed for the giving of such
notice. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the
failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any
particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to
other Holders. Any notice mailed to a Holder in the manner herein prescribed
shall be conclusively deemed to have been received by such Holder, whether or
not such Holder actually receives such notice.

         Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may
be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either
before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such
notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such
filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in
reliance upon such waiver.

         In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by
reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail,
then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall
constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

Section 107. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act

         If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision
of the Trust Indenture Act that is required under such Act to be a part of and
govern this Indenture, the latter provision shall control. If any provision of
this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust Indenture Act
that may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to
apply to this Indenture as so modified or excluded, as the case may be.

Section 108. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents

         The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are
for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

                                      -10-
<PAGE>
Section 109. Successors and Assigns

         All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall
bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

Section 110. Separability Clause

         In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

Section 111. Benefits of Indenture

         Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied,
shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors
hereunder, the holders of Senior Debt and the Holders, any benefit or any legal
or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

Section 112. Governing Law

         This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the law of the State of New York.

Section 113. Legal Holidays

         In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated
Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment,
then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities
(other than a provision of the Securities of any series which specifically
states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section)) payment of
interest or principal (and premium, if any) need not be made at such Place of
Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at
such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest
Payment Date or Redemption Date, or at the Stated Maturity, provided that no
interest shall accrue for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date,
Redemption Date or Stated Maturity, as the case may be.

Section 114. Language of Notices, Etc.

         Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or Act required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English
language, except that any published notice may be in an official language of the
country of publication.

Section 115. Interest Limitation

         It is the intention of the Company to conform strictly to all
applicable usury laws and any subsequent revisions, repeals or judicial
interpretations thereof. Accordingly, if the transactions contemplated hereby
would be usurious under any applicable law then, in that event, notwithstanding
anything to the contrary in the Securities or this Indenture, it is agreed as
follows: (i) the aggregate of all consideration which constitutes interest under
applicable law

                                      -11-
<PAGE>
with respect to a Security shall under no circumstances exceed the maximum
amount allowed by applicable law, and any excess shall be credited to the
principal amount of such Security (or, if the principal amount of such Security
shall have been paid in full, refunded to the Company), to the extent permitted
by applicable law; and (ii) in the event that the maturity of any Security is
accelerated or in the event of any redemption of such Security, then such
consideration that constitutes interest under applicable law may never include
more than the maximum amount allowed by applicable law, and any excess shall be
credited to the principal amount of such Security (or, if the principal amount
of such Security shall be paid in full, refunded to the Company), to the extent
permitted by applicable law. All calculations made to compute the rate of
interest with respect to a Security for the purpose of determining whether such
rate exceeds the maximum amount allowed by applicable law shall be made, to the
extent permitted by such applicable law, by allocating and spreading during the
period of the full stated term of such Security all interest any time contracted
for, taken, reserved, charged or received by such Holder or by the Trustee on
behalf of any such Holder in connection therewith so that the amount or rate of
interest charged for any and all periods of time during the term of the Security
does not exceed the maximum amount or rate of interest allowed to be charged by
law during the relevant period of time. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, if
at any time applicable laws shall be changed so as to permit a higher rate or
amount of interest to be charged than that permitted prior to such change, then
unless prohibited by law, references in this Indenture or any Security to
"applicable law" when used in the context of determining the maximum interest or
rate of interest that can be charged shall be deemed to refer to such applicable
law as so amended to allow the greater amount or rate of interest.

         The right to accelerate maturity of any Security does not include the
right to accelerate any interest which has not otherwise accrued to the date of
such acceleration, provided, however, that the foregoing shall not prohibit the
continuing accrual after acceleration of interest in accordance with the terms
of the Indenture and such Security.

Section 116. No Personal Liability of Officers, Directors, Employees or
             Shareholders

         Obligations of the Company under this Indenture and the Securities
hereunder are payable only out of cash flow and assets of the Company. The
Trustee, and each Holder of a Security by its acceptance thereof, will be deemed
to have agreed in this Indenture that no director, officer, employee, or
shareholder, as such, of the Company, the Trustee, or any Affiliate of any of
the foregoing entities shall have any personal liability in respect of the
obligations of the Company under this Indenture or such Securities by reason of
his, her or its status. The agreements set forth in this Section are part of the
consideration for the issuance of the Securities.

                                   ARTICLE II

                                 SECURITY FORMS

Section 201. Forms Generally

         The Securities of each series shall be in substantially the form set
forth in this Article, or in such other form as shall be established by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more

                                      -12-
<PAGE>
indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions,
omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by
this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of
identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be
required to comply with applicable laws or the rules of any securities exchange
or automated quotation system on which the Securities of such series may be
listed or traded or of any Depositary therefor or as may, consistently herewith,
be determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their
execution of the Securities. If the form of Securities of any series is
established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an
appropriate record of such action shall be certified by an authorized officer or
other authorized Person on behalf of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at
or prior to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 303 for
the authentication and delivery of such Securities. Any form of Security
approved by or pursuant to a Board Resolution must be acceptable as to form by
the Trustee, such acceptance to be evidenced by the Trustee's authentication of
Securities in that form.

         The Definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on
steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined
by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of
such Securities.

Section 202.      Form of Face of Security

         [Insert any legend required by the United States Internal Revenue Code
and the regulations thereunder.]

         [If a Global Security, -- insert legend required by Section 204 of the
Indenture] [If applicable, insert -- UNLESS THIS SECURITY IS PRESENTED BY AN
AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK
CORPORATION, TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE
OR PAYMENT, AND ANY SECURITY ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR
SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER
ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST
COMPANY), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR
TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL IN AS MUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO.,
HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.]

                              KINDER MORGAN, INC.

                               [TITLE OF SECURITY]

NO.                                                                        U.S.$

[CUSIP No.           ]

         KINDER MORGAN, INC., a Kansas corporation (herein called the "Company",
which term includes any successor Person under the Indenture hereinafter
referred to), for value

                                      -13-
<PAGE>
received, hereby promises to pay to           , or registered assigns, the
principal sum of              United States Dollars [state other currency] on
                [if the Security is to bear interest prior to Maturity,
insert --, and to pay interest thereon from             , or from the most
recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided
for, semi-annually on           and           in each year, commencing
              , at the rate of      % per annum, until the principal hereof is
paid or made available for payment [if applicable, insert --, and at the rate
of      % per annum on any overdue principal and premium and on any overdue
installment of interest]. [If applicable, insert -- The amount of interest
payable for any period shall be computed on the basis of twelve 30-day months
and a 360-day year. The amount of interest payable for any partial period shall
be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months and the days
elapsed in any partial month. In the event that any date on which interest is
payable on this Security is not a Business Day, then a payment of the interest
payable on such date will be made on the next succeeding day which is a Business
Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such delay)
with the same force and effect as if made on the date the payment was originally
payable. A "Business Day" shall mean, when used with respect to any Place of
Payment, each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day
on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or
obligated by law, executive order or regulation to close.] The interest so
payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date
will, as provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this
Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of
business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be the
or           (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding
such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly
provided for shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular
Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or
one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a
Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by
the Trustee, notice of which shall be given to Holders of Securities of this
series not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid at
any time in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of
any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Securities of
this series may be listed or traded, and upon such notice as may be required by
such exchange or automated quotation system, all as more fully provided in such
Indenture].

         [If the Security is not to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert --
The principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a
default in payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated
Maturity and in such case the overdue principal of this Security shall bear
interest at the rate of     % per annum, which shall accrue from the date of
such default in payment to the date payment of such principal has been made or
duly provided for. Interest on any overdue principal shall be payable on demand.
Any such interest on any overdue principal that is not so paid on demand shall
bear interest at the rate of       % per annum, which shall accrue from the date
of such demand for payment to the date payment of such interest has been made or
duly provided for, and such interest shall also be payable on demand.]

         [If a Global Security, insert -- Payment of the principal of [(and
premium, if any)] and [if applicable, insert -- any such] interest on this
Security will be made by transfer of immediately available funds to a bank
account in              designated by the Holder in such coin or

                                      -14-
<PAGE>
currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal
tender for payment of public and private debts [state other currency].]

         [If a Definitive Security, insert -- Payment of the principal of [(and
premium, if any)] and [if applicable, insert -- any such] interest on this
Security will be made at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that
purpose in              , [in such coin or currency of the United States of
America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and
private debts] [state other currency] [or subject to any laws or regulations
applicable thereto and to the right of the Company (as provided in the
Indenture) to rescind the designation of any such Paying Agent, at the [main]
offices of              in              and             in               , or at
such other offices or agencies as the Company may designate, by [United States
Dollar] [state other currency] check drawn on, or transfer to a [United States
Dollar] account maintained by the payee with, a bank in The City of New York
[          ] (so long as the applicable Paying Agent has received proper
transfer instructions in writing at least [  ] days prior to the payment date)]
[if applicable, insert --; provided, however, that payment of interest may be
made at the option of the Company by [United States Dollar] [state other
currency] check mailed to the addresses of the Persons entitled thereto as such
addresses shall appear in the Security Register] [or by transfer to a [United
States Dollar] [state other currency] account maintained by the payee with a
bank in The City of New York [state other Place of Payment] (so long as the
applicable Paying Agent has received proper transfer instructions in writing by
the Record Date prior to the applicable Interest Payment Date)].]

         Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set
forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes
have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

         Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by
the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security
shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or
obligatory for any purpose.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly
executed.

Dated:
      -----------------------------
                                        KINDER MORGAN, INC.

                                        By:
                                           -------------------------------------
                                        Name:
                                        Title:

Section 203. Form of Reverse of Security

         This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the
Company (the "Securities"), issued and to be issued in one or more series under
an Indenture dated as of January 31, 2003 (the "Indenture"), between the Company
and Wachovia Bank, National Association, as Trustee (the "Trustee", which term
includes any successor trustee under

                                      -15-
<PAGE>
the Indenture), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto
reference is hereby made for a statement of the respective rights, limitations
of rights, obligations, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the
Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and of the terms upon which the
Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. As provided in the
Indenture, the Securities may be issued in one or more series, which different
series may be issued in various aggregate principal amounts, may mature at
different times, may bear interest, if any, at different rates, may be subject
to different redemption provisions, if any, may be subject to different sinking,
purchase or analogous funds, if any, may be subject to different covenants and
Events of Default and may otherwise vary as in the Indenture provided or
permitted. This Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof [if
applicable, insert -- , limited in aggregate principal amount to U.S.$ ].

         [If applicable, insert -- The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice by mail, [if
applicable, insert -- (1) on in any year commencing with the year
and ending with the year         through operation of the sinking fund for this
series at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount, and (2)] at
any time [if applicable, insert -- on or after            ,         ],  as a
whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the following Redemption
Prices (expressed as percentages of the principal amount): If redeemed [if
applicable,  insert -- on or before            ,           %,  and if redeemed]
during the 12-month period beginning           of the years indicated,
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

       YEAR           REDEMPTION PRICE         YEAR             REDEMPTION PRICE
       ----           ----------------         ----             ----------------
<S>                       <C>                  <C>                 <C>

</TABLE>
and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to       % of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption [if applicable, insert -- (whether
through operation of the sinking fund or otherwise)] with accrued interest to
the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or
prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities,
or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the
relevant Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the
Indenture.]

         [If applicable, insert -- The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice by mail, (1) on
           in any year commencing with the year        and ending with the year
           through operation of the sinking fund for this series at the
Redemption Prices for redemption through operation of the sinking fund
(expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below,
and (2) at any time [if applicable, insert -- on or after              ], as a
whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the Redemption Prices for
redemption otherwise than through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as
percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below: If redeemed
during the 12-month period beginning            of the years indicated,

                                      -16-
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                REDEMPTION PRICE FOR                        REDEMPTION PRICE FOR
                                 REDEMPTION THROUGH                 REDEMPTION OTHERWISE THAN THROUGH
          YEAR              OPERATION OF THE SINKING FUND              OPERATION OF THE SINKING FUND
          ----              -----------------------------           ---------------------------------
<S>                                 <C>                                        <C>

</TABLE>
and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to         % of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption (whether through operation of the
sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but
interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption
Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant
Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.]

         [If applicable, insert -- The sinking fund for this series provides for
 the redemption on            in each year beginning with the year           and
ending with the year          of [if applicable, -- not less than $
("mandatory sinking fund") and not more than] $          aggregate principal
amount of Securities of this series. Securities of this series acquired or
redeemed by the Company otherwise than through [if applicable, -- mandatory]
sinking fund payments may be credited against subsequent [if applicable, --
mandatory] sinking fund payments otherwise required to be made [if applicable,
-- in the inverse order in which they become due].]

         [If the Security is subject to redemption in part of any kind,
insert -- In the event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new
Security or Securities of this series and of like tenor for the unredeemed
portion hereof will be issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the
cancellation hereof.]

         [If applicable, insert -- The Securities of this series are not
redeemable prior to Stated Maturity.]

         [If the Security is not an Original Issue Discount Security, insert --
If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and
be continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared
due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.]

         [If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security, insert -- If
an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be
declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the
Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to -- insert formula for determining the
amount. Upon payment (1) of the amount of principal so declared due and payable,
and (2) of interest on any overdue principal and overdue interest, all of the
Company's obligations in respect of the payment of the principal of and
interest, if any, on the Securities of this series shall terminate.]

         The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the
amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the

                                      -17-
<PAGE>
Holders of the Securities of each series to be affected under the Indenture at
any time by the Company and the Trustee with the consent of not less than the
Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of all series to be affected (voting as one class). The Indenture
also contains provisions permitting the Holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all affected series (voting as
one class), on behalf of the Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive
compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture. The
Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the Holders of a
majority in principal amount of Securities of any series then Outstanding to
waive past defaults under the Indenture with respect to such series and their
consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Security shall be
conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this
Security and of any Security issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or
in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of such consent
or waiver is made upon this Security.

         As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the
Holder of this Security shall not have the right to institute any proceeding
with respect to the Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee or
for any other remedy thereunder, unless such Holder shall have previously given
the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of this series, the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount
of the Securities of this series at the time Outstanding shall have made written
request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of
Default as Trustee and offered the Trustee reasonable indemnity and the Trustee
shall not have received from the Holders of a majority in principal amount of
Securities of this series at the time Outstanding a direction inconsistent with
such request, and shall have failed to institute any such proceeding, for 60
days after receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity. The foregoing
shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Holder of this Security for the
enforcement of any payment of principal hereof or [any premium or] interest
hereon on or after the respective due dates expressed herein.

         No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security
or of the Indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder, alter or impair
the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the
principal of and [any premium and] interest on this Security at the times,
place(s) and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed, except for
Section 115 of the Indenture (which limits interest to the maximum amount
permissible by law), the provisions of which are incorporated herein by
reference.

         [If a Global Security, insert -- This Global Security or portion hereof
may not be exchanged for Definitive Securities of this series except in the
limited circumstances provided in the Indenture.

         The holders of beneficial interests in this Global Security will not be
entitled to receive physical delivery of Definitive Securities except as
described in the Indenture and will not be considered the Holders thereof for
any purpose under the Indenture.]

         [If a Definitive Security, insert -- As provided in the Indenture and
subject to certain limitations therein set forth, the transfer of this Security
is registerable in the Security Register, upon surrender of this Security for
registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company in [if
applicable, insert -- any place where the principal of and any premium and
interest on this

                                      -18-
<PAGE>
Security are payable] [if applicable, insert -- The City of New York [, or,
subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto and to the right of the
Company (limited as provided in the Indenture) to rescind the designation of any
such transfer agent, at the [main] offices of              in            and in
or at such other offices or agencies as the Company may designate]], duly
endorsed by, or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the
Holder hereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or
more new Securities of this series and of like tenor, of authorized
denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the
designated transferee or transferees.]

         The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form
without coupons in denominations of U.S.$ [state other currency] and any
integral multiple thereof. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain
limitations therein set forth, Securities of this series are exchangeable for a
like aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series and of like tenor
of a different authorized denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering
the same.

         No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer
or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

         Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer,
the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat
the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all
purposes, whether or not this Security is overdue, and neither the Company, the
Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

         This Security is subordinated in right of payment to Senior Debt, to
the extent provided in the Indenture.

         Obligations of the Company under the Indenture and the Securities
thereunder, including this Security, are payable only out of cash flow and
assets of the Company. The Trustee, and each Holder of a Security by its
acceptance hereof, will be deemed to have agreed in the Indenture that no
director, officer, employee, or shareholder, as such, of the Company, the
Trustee, or any Affiliate of any of the foregoing entities shall have any
personal liability in respect of the obligations of the Company under the
Indenture or such Securities by reason of his, her or its status.

         The Indenture contains provisions that relieve the Company from the
obligation to comply with certain restrictive covenants in the Indenture and for
satisfaction and discharge at any time of the entire indebtedness upon
compliance by the Company with certain conditions set forth in the Indenture.

         This Security shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the
laws of the State of New York.

         All terms used in this Security which are defined in the Indenture
shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

                                      -19-
<PAGE>
         [If a Definitive Security, insert as a separate page --

         FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby sell(s), assign(s) and
transfer(s) unto ___________________ (Please Print or Typewrite Name and Address
of Assignee) the within instrument of KINDER MORGAN, INC., and does hereby
irrevocably constitute and appoint _________________ Attorney to transfer said
instrument on the books of the within-named Company, with full power of
substitution in the premises.

Please Insert Social Security or
Other Identifying Number of Assignee:

Dated:                                                               (Signature)
      ------------------------------    -----------------------------

Signature Guarantee:
                              (Participant in a Recognized Signature
                                  Guaranty Medallion Program)

         NOTICE: The signature to this assignment must correspond with the name
as written upon the face of the within instrument in every particular, without
alteration or enlargement or any change whatever.]

Section 204. Global Securities

         Every Global Security authenticated and delivered hereunder shall bear
a legend in substantially the following form:

                  THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING
         OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN
         THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS SECURITY
         MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED TO, OR REGISTERED OR EXCHANGED FOR
         SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF, ANY PERSON OTHER THAN
         THE DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE THEREOF AND NO SUCH TRANSFER MAY
         BE REGISTERED, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED
         IN THE INDENTURE. EVERY SECURITY AUTHENTICATED AND DELIVERED
         UPON REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER OF, OR IN EXCHANGE FOR OR IN
         LIEU OF, THIS SECURITY SHALL BE A GLOBAL SECURITY SUBJECT TO
         THE FOREGOING, EXCEPT IN SUCH LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES.

         If Securities of a series are issuable in whole or in part in the form
of one or more Global Securities, as contemplated by Section 301, then,
notwithstanding Clause (9) of Section 301 and the provisions of Section 302, any
Global Security shall represent such of the Outstanding Securities of such
series as shall be specified therein and may provide that it shall represent the
aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities from time to time endorsed thereon
and that the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities represented thereby may
from time to time be reduced or increased, as the case may be, to reflect
exchanges. Any endorsement of a Global Security to reflect the amount, or any
reduction or increase in the amount, of Outstanding

                                      -20-
<PAGE>
Securities represented thereby shall be made in such manner and upon
instructions given by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or in
a Company Order. Subject to the provisions of Sections 303, 304 and 305, the
Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any Global Security in the manner and upon
instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the
applicable Company Order. Any instructions by the Company with respect to
endorsement or delivery or redelivery of a Global Security shall be in a Company
Order (which need not comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an
Opinion of Counsel).

         The provisions of the last sentence of Section 303 shall apply to any
Security represented by a Global Security if such Security was never issued and
sold by the Company and the Company delivers to the Trustee the Global Security
together with a Company Order (which need not comply with Section 102 and need
not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) with regard to the reduction or
increase, as the case may be, in the principal amount of Securities represented
thereby, together with the written statement contemplated by the last sentence
of Section 303.

Section 205. Form of Trustee's Certificate and Authorization

         The Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be in substantially
the following form:

         This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                   WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
                                   As Trustee

                                   By:
                                      ------------------------------------------
                                      Authorized Signatory

                                   ARTICLE III

                                 THE SECURITIES

Section 301. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series

         The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

         The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be
established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution (and, subject to Section 303,
to the extent established pursuant to rather than set forth in a Board
Resolution, in an Officers' Certificate or Company Order setting forth, or
determining the manner of, such establishment) or established in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any
series,

            (1) the form and title of the Securities of the series (which shall
distinguish the Securities of the series from Securities of any other series);

                                      -21-
<PAGE>
            (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities
of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
(except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer
of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant
to Section 304, 305, 306, 906 or 1107 and except for any Securities which,
pursuant to Section 303, are deemed never to have been authenticated and
delivered hereunder);

            (3) the Person to whom any interest on a Security of the series
shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security (or one
or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the
Regular Record Date for such interest;

            (4) the date or dates on which the Securities will be issued and on
which the principal of, and premium, if any, on the Securities of the series is
payable or the method of determination thereof;

            (5) the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) at which the
Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or the method of
determination thereof, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue,
or the method of determination thereof, the Interest Payment Dates on which any
such interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date for any interest
payable on any Interest Payment Date;

            (6) the place or places where, subject to the provisions of Section
1002, the principal of and any premium and interest on Securities of the series
shall be payable, Securities of the series may be surrendered for registration
of transfer, Securities of the series may be surrendered for exchange and
notices, and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of the
series and this Indenture may be served;

            (7) the period or periods, if any, within which, the price or prices
at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be
redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company or otherwise, if the
Company is to have that option;

            (8) the obligation, if any, and the option, if any, of the Company
to redeem, purchase or repay Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking
fund or analogous provisions or upon the happening of a specified event or at
the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price
or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the
series shall be redeemed, purchased or repaid, in whole or in part, pursuant to
such obligation;

            (9) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple
thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable;

            (10) whether payment of principal of and premium, if any, and
interest, if any, on the Securities of the series shall be without deduction for
taxes, assessments or governmental charges paid by Holders of the series;

            (11) the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of
the principal of and any premium and interest on any Securities of the series
shall be denominated, payable, redeemable or purchasable if other than the
currency of the United States of America

                                      -22-
<PAGE>
and the manner of determining the equivalent thereof in the currency of the
United States of America for purposes of the definition of "Outstanding" in
Section 101;

            (12) if the amount of payments of principal of or any premium or
interest on any Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an
index, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

            (13) if the principal of or any premium or interest on any
Securities of the series is to be payable, at the election of the Company or a
Holder thereof, in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or
those in which the Securities are stated to be payable, the currency, currencies
or currency units in which payment of the principal of and any premium and
interest on Securities of such series as to which such election is made shall be
payable, and the periods within which and the terms and conditions upon which
such election is to be made;

            (14) the right, if any, of the Company to defer payments of interest
by extending the interest payment periods and specify the duration of such
extension, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable
and whether and under what circumstances additional interest on amounts deferred
shall be payable;

            (15) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the
principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502 or
provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 504 or the method of determination
thereof;

            (16) if and as applicable, that the Securities of the series shall
be issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities
(and whether in temporary or permanent global form) and, in such case, the
Depositary or Depositaries for such Global Security or Global Securities and any
circumstances other than those set forth in Section 305 in which any such Global
Security may be transferred to, and registered and exchanged for Securities
registered in the name of, a Person other than the Depositary for such Global
Security or a nominee thereof and in which any such transfer may be registered;

            (17) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events
of Default set forth in Section 501 or the covenants of the Company set forth in
Article X pertaining to the Securities of the series;

            (18) if and the terms and conditions upon which any Securities of
the series may be converted into or exchanged for securities, which may include,
without limitation, capital stock, of any class or series of the Company or any
other issuer;

            (19) If the amount of payments of principal of or any premium or
interest on any Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an
index, including, but not limited to an index based on a currency or currencies
other than that in which the Securities of that series are payable, or any other
type of index, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

                                      -23-
<PAGE>
            (20) if other than as provided in Sections 1302 and 1303, the terms
and conditions upon which and the manner in which such series of Securities may
be defeased or discharged;

            (21) if other than the Trustee, the identity of any other trustee,
the Security Registrar and any Paying Agent;

            (22) any restrictions or other provisions with respect to the
transfer or exchange of the Securities; and

            (23) any other terms of the Securities of the series (which terms
shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, except as
permitted by Section 901(3)).

         All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical
except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant
to the Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate referred to above or in any
such indenture supplemental hereto.

         Any such Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate referred to above
with respect to Securities of any series filed with the Trustee on or before the
initial issuance of the Securities of such series shall be incorporated herein
by reference with respect to Securities of such series and shall thereafter be
deemed to be a part of the Indenture for all purposes relating to Securities of
such series as fully as if such Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate were
set forth herein in full.

         All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time
and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the consent of
the Holders, for increases in the aggregate principal amount of such series of
Securities and issuances of additional Securities of such series or for the
establishment of additional terms with respect to the Securities of such series.

         If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action
shall be certified by an authorized officer or other authorized person of the
Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the
Officers' Certificate setting forth, or providing the manner for determining,
the terms of the series.

         With respect to Securities of a series subject to a Periodic Offering,
such Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate may provide general terms for
Securities of such series and provide either that the specific terms of
particular Securities of such series shall be specified in a Company Order, or
that such terms shall be determined by the Company, or one or more of the
Company's agents designated in an Officers' Certificate, in accordance with a
Company Order.

Section 302. Denominations

         The Securities of each series shall be issuable only in registered form
without coupons in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by
Section 301. In the absence of any such specified denomination with respect to
the Securities of any series, the Securities of such series shall be issuable in
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

                                      -24-
<PAGE>
Section 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating

         The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by the
Chairman of the Board, Vice Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial
Officer, President or any Vice President of the Company and need not be
attested. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual
or facsimile.

         Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals
who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

         At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of
this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance
with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities; provided,
however, that in the case of Securities offered in a Periodic Offering, the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver such Securities from time to time in
accordance with such other procedures (including, without limitation, the
receipt by the Trustee of oral or electronic instructions from the Company or
its duly authorized agents, thereafter promptly confirmed in writing) acceptable
to the Trustee as may be specified by or pursuant to a Company Order delivered
to the Trustee prior to the time of the first authentication of Securities of
such series. If the form or terms of the Securities of the series have been
established in or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by
Sections 201 and 301, in authenticating such Securities, and accepting the
additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities,
the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, in addition to any Officers'
Certificate and Opinion of Counsel required to be furnished to the Trustee
pursuant to Section 102, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected
in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating,

            (1) the form and terms (or the manner of determining the terms) of
such Securities have been established by or pursuant to Board Resolution as
permitted by Section 201, that such form or forms have been established in
conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

            (2) if the terms of such Securities have been, or in the case of
Securities of a series offered in a Periodic Offering, will be, established by
or pursuant to a Board Resolution as permitted by Section 301, that such terms
have been, or in the case of Securities of a series offered in a Periodic
Offering, will be, established in conformity with the provisions of this
Indenture, subject, in the case of Securities of a series offered in a Periodic
Offering, to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel (which
conditions are reasonably acceptable to the Trustee); and

            (3) that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions
specified in such Opinion of Counsel, which conditions are reasonably acceptable
to the Trustee, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the
Company enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy,
insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of

                                      -25-
<PAGE>
general applicability relating to or affecting creditors' rights and to general
equity principles and entitled to the benefits of this Indenture, equally and
ratably with all other Securities, if any, of such series Outstanding; and

            (4) such other matters as the Trustee may reasonably request;

and, if the authentication and delivery relates to a new series of Securities
created by an indenture supplemental hereto, also stating that all conditions
precedent to the execution of the supplemental indenture with respect to that
series of Securities have been complied with, the Company has the power to
execute and deliver any such supplemental indenture and has taken all necessary
action for those purposes and any such supplemental indenture has been executed
and delivered and constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the
Company enforceable in accordance with its terms (subject, as to enforcement of
remedies, to applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, fraudulent
conveyance, moratorium or other laws and legal principles affecting creditors'
rights generally from time to time in effect and to general equitable
principles, whether applied in an action at law or in equity).

         If such form or forms or terms have been so established, the Trustee
shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such
Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights,
duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a
manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

         Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 301 and of the preceding
paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one
time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers' Certificate otherwise
required pursuant to Section 301 or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel or
Board Resolution or supplemental indenture otherwise required pursuant to such
preceding paragraph at or prior to the time of authentication of each Security
of such series if such documents are delivered at or prior to the authentication
upon original issuance of the first Security of such series to be issued.

         With respect to Securities of a series not to be originally issued at
one time, the Trustee may rely upon the Opinion of Counsel and the other
documents delivered pursuant to Sections 201 and 301 and this Section, as
applicable, in connection with the first authentication of Securities of such
series and any subsequent request by the Company to the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of such series upon original issuance shall constitute a
representation and warranty by the Company that as of the date of such request,
the statements made in the Officers' Certificate shall be true and correct as if
made on such date.

         Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

         No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be
valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein
executed by the Trustee by manual signature of an authorized signatory, and such
certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only
evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder
and is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder
but never issued and sold by the Company, and the

                                      -26-
<PAGE>
Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided
in Section 309 for all purposes of this Indenture, such Security shall be deemed
never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be
entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

Section 304. Temporary Securities

         Pending the preparation of Definitive Securities of any series, the
Company may execute, and upon receipt of the documents required by Section 303,
together with a Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver,
temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed
or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the
tenor of the Definitive Securities of like series in lieu of which they are
issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other
variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced
by their execution of such Securities.

         If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will
cause Definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable
delay. After the preparation of Definitive Securities of such series, the
temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for Definitive
Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such
series at the office or agency of the Company maintained pursuant to Section
1002 for the purpose of exchanges of Securities of such series, without charge
to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary
Securities of any series the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more Definitive Securities
of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate
principal amount and tenor. Until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any
series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this
Indenture as Definitive Securities of such series and tenor.

Section 305. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange

         The Company shall cause to be kept at an office or agency of the
Security Registrar in The City of New York a register (the register maintained
in such office or in any other office or agency of the Company in a Place of
Payment being herein sometimes referred to as the "Security Register") in which,
subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall
provide for the registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The
Company shall, prior to the issuance of any Securities hereunder, appoint the
Trustee as the initial "Security Registrar" for the purpose of registering
Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided and its Corporate
Trust Office which, at the date hereof, is located at 12 East 49th Street, 37th
Floor, New York, New York, 10017, as the initial office or agency in The City of
New York where the Security Register will be maintained. The Company may at any
time replace such Security Registrar, change such office or agency or act as its
own Security Registrar. The Company will give prompt written notice to the
Trustee of any change of the Security Registrar or of the location of such
office or agency. At all reasonable times the Security Register shall be
available for inspection by the Trustee.

         Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of any
series at the office or agency of the Company maintained pursuant to Section
1002 for such purpose, the Company

                                      -27-
<PAGE>
shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of
the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of the same
series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount
and tenor.

         At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series (except a Global
Security) may be exchanged for other Securities of the same series, of any
authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor,
upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency.
Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which
the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

         All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same
debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

         Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or
for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly
endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the
Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

         No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection
with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than
exchanges pursuant to Section 304 or 1107 not involving any transfer.

         Neither the Trustee nor the Company shall be required (1) to issue,
register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any series (or of any series
and specified tenor, as the case may be) during a period beginning at the
opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption
of Securities of that series selected for redemption under Section 1103 and
ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (2) to register
the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or
in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

         Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture and except as
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, no Global Security may be
transferred to, or registered or exchanged for Securities registered in the name
of, any Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or any nominee
thereof, and no such transfer may be registered, except as provided in this
paragraph. Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration or
transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global Security shall be a
Global Security, except as provided in this paragraph. If (1) (A) the Depositary
for a Global Security notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to
continue as Depositary for such Global Security or ceases to be a clearing
agency registered under the Exchange Act, and (B) a successor Depositary is not
appointed by the Company within 90 days, (2) an Event of Default has occurred
and is continuing with respect to the Securities of such series and the Security
Registrar has received a request from the Depositary to issue certificated
securities in lieu of all or a portion of the Global Securities of such series
(in which case the Company shall deliver

                                      -28-
<PAGE>
certificated securities within 30 days of such request) or (3) the Company
determines in its sole discretion that Securities of a series issued in global
form shall no longer be represented by a Global Security, then such Global
Security may be exchanged by such Depositary for Definitive Securities of the
same series, of any authorized denomination and of a like aggregate principal
amount and tenor, registered in the names of, and the transfer of such Global
Security or portion thereof may be registered to, such Persons as such
Depositary shall direct.

Section 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities

         If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, together with
such security or indemnity as may be required by the Company or the Trustee to
save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, the Company shall
execute and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in
exchange therefor a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and
principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously Outstanding.

         If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (1) evidence
to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (2)
such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and
any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the
Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen
Security, a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal
amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously Outstanding. If, after the
delivery of such new Security, a bona fide purchaser of the original Security in
lieu of which such new Security was issued presents for payment or registration
such original Security, the Trustee shall be entitled to recover such new
Security from the party to whom it was delivered or any party taking therefrom,
except a bona fide purchaser, and shall be entitled to recover upon the security
or indemnity provided therefor to the extent of any loss, damage, cost or
expense incurred by the Company and the Trustee in connection therewith.

         In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has
become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

         Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company
may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.
Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in exchange for
any mutilated Security or in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security
shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company,
whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any
time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this
Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that
series duly issued hereunder.

         The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

                                      -29-
<PAGE>
Section 307. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved

         Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with
respect to any series of Securities, interest on any Security which is payable,
and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall
be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date
for such interest.

         Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein
called "Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder
on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and
such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each
case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below:

            (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest
to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special
Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in
the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the
amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series
and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall
deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount
proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make
arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of
the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the
benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this Clause
provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment
of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less
than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days
after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The
Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in
the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed
payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be
mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of Securities of such series
at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not less than 10 days
prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such
Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed,
such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the
Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are
registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no
longer be payable pursuant to the following Clause (2).

            (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the
Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the
requirements of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which
such Securities may be listed or traded, and upon such notice as may be required
by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the
proposed payment pursuant to this Clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed
practicable by the Trustee.

         Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 305,
each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or
in exchange for or in lieu of any

                                      -30-
<PAGE>
other Security, shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to
accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

         For each series of Securities, the Company shall, prior to 10:30 a.m.
(New York City time) on each payment date for principal and premium, if any, and
interest, if any, deposit with the Trustee money in immediately available funds
sufficient to make cash payments due on the applicable payment date.

Section 308. Persons Deemed Owners

         Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with
respect to any series of Securities, prior to due presentment of a Security for
registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company
or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Security is registered as
the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of
and any premium and (subject to Sections 305 and 307) any interest on such
Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security is
overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or
the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

         No holder of any beneficial interest in any Global Security held on its
behalf by a Depositary shall have any rights under this Indenture with respect
to such Global Security, and such Depositary may be treated by the Company, the
Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the owner of such Global
Security for all purposes whatsoever. None of the Company, the Trustee nor any
agent of the Company or the Trustee will have any responsibility or liability
for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of
beneficial ownership interests of a Global Security or for maintaining,
supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership
interests.

Section 309. Cancellation

         All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of
transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if
surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee
and shall be promptly canceled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the
Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered
hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may
deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for
cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company
has not issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly
canceled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in
exchange for any Securities canceled as provided in this Section, except as
expressly permitted by this Indenture. All canceled Securities held by the
Trustee shall be disposed of in accordance with its customary procedures, and
the Trustee shall thereafter deliver to the Company a certificate with respect
to such disposition.

Section 310. Computation of Interest

         Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for
Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months and interest on
the Securities of each series for any partial period shall be

                                      -31-
<PAGE>
computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months and the number
of days elapsed in any partial month.

Section 311. CUSIP Numbers

The Company in issuing the Securities may use "CUSIP" numbers (in addition to
the other identification numbers printed on the Securities), and, if so, the
Trustee shall use "CUSIP" numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to
Holders; provided, however, that any such notice may state that no
representation is made as to the correctness of such "CUSIP" numbers either as
printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that
reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the
Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or
omission of such "CUSIP" numbers. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee
of any change in the "CUSIP" numbers.

                                   ARTICLE IV

                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

Section 401. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture

         This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect
with respect to Securities of any series (except as to any surviving rights of
registration of transfer or exchange of such Securities herein expressly
provided for), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute
proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
with respect to such Securities, when

            (1) either

               (A) all such Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
(other than (i) such Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and
which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 306, and (ii) such
Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or
segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company
or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 1003) have been delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation; or

               (B) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation

                  (i) have become due and payable,

                  (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity
within one year, or

                  (iii) are to be called for redemption within one year under
arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption
by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

                                      -32-
<PAGE>
and the Company in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has irrevocably
deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for
this purpose an amount of money in the currency or currency units in which such
Securities are payable sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness
on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation,
for principal and any premium and interest to the date of such deposit (in the
case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity
or Redemption Date, as the case may be;

            (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder by the Company with respect to such Securities; and

            (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture with respect to such Securities have been complied with.

         Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with
respect to Securities of any series, (i) the obligations of the Company to the
Trustee under Section 607, the obligations of the Trustee to any Authenticating
Agent under Section 614 and the right of the Trustee to resign under Section 610
shall survive, and (ii) if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to subclause (B) of Clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the
Company and/or the Trustee under Sections 402, 606, 701 and 1002 and the last
paragraph of Section 1003 shall survive.

Section 402. Application of Trust Money

         Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all
money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 shall be held in trust
and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this
Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal and any premium and
interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee.

                                    ARTICLE V

                                    REMEDIES

Section 501. Events of Default

         "Event of Default", wherever used herein with respect to Securities of
any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such
Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected
by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or
any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body):

            (1) default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that
series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a
period of 30 days (whether or not such payment is prohibited by the provisions
of Article XIV hereof); or

                                      -33-
<PAGE>
            (2) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any,
on) any Security of that series at its Maturity (whether or not such payment is
prohibited by the provisions of Article XIV hereof); or

            (3) default in the performance, or breach, of any term, covenant or
warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a term, covenant or
warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this
Section specifically dealt with or which has expressly been included in this
Indenture solely for the benefit of series of Securities other than that
series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 60 days after
there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the
Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by Holders of at least 25% in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series a written notice
specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating
that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

            (4) the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy
Law (A) commences a voluntary case, (B) consents to the entry of any order for
relief against it in an involuntary case, (C) consents to the appointment of a
Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property, or (D) makes a
general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or

            (5) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree
under any Bankruptcy Law that (A) is for relief against the Company in an
involuntary case, (B) appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or
substantially all of its property, or (C) orders the liquidation of the Company;
and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days; or

            (6) any other Event of Default provided as contemplated by Section
301 with respect to Securities of that series.

Section 502. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment

         If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series at the
time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee
or Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of that series may declare the principal amount of (or, if any of the
Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion
of the principal amount of such Securities as may be specified in the terms
thereof) all of the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately,
by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders),
and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) shall
become immediately due and payable.

         At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this
Article provided, Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may
rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

            (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum
sufficient to pay

                                      -34-
<PAGE>
               (A) all overdue interest on all Securities of that series,

               (B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities of
that series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of
acceleration and any interest thereon at the rate or rates prescribed therefor
in such Securities,

               (C) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful,
interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such
Securities, and

               (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the
reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee,
its agents and counsel;

and

            (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series,
other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series which
have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or
waived as provided in Section 513.

         No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any
right consequent thereon.

Section 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee

         The Company covenants that if

            (1) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security
when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a
period of 30 days (whether or not such payment is prohibited by the provisions
of Article XIV hereof), or

            (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium,
if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof (whether or not such payment is
prohibited by the provisions of Article XIV hereof),

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of
Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such
Securities for principal and any premium and interest and, to the extent that
payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue
principal and premium and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates
prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further
amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection,
including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of
the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

         If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand,
the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a
judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may
prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same
against the Company, or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the
moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of
the property of the Company, or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever
situated.

                                      -35-
<PAGE>
         If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs
and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and
enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by
such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual
to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of
any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any
power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

Section 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim

         In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company, or any
other obligor upon the Securities, their property or their creditors, the
Trustee shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or
otherwise, to take any and all actions authorized under the Trust Indenture Act
in order to have claims of Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such
proceeding. In particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect and
receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims
and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee,
liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial
proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the
Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such
payments directly to Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the
reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee,
its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 607.

         No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee
to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan
of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the
Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to
vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; provided,
however, that the Trustee may, on behalf of Holders, vote for the election of a
trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member of a creditors' or
other similar committee.

Section 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities

         All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities
may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of
the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and
any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name
as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after
provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the
ratable benefit of Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment
has been recovered.

Section 506. Application of Money Collected

         Any money or property collected or to be applied by the Trustee
pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or
dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money or
property on account of principal or any premium or interest, upon presentation
of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid
and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

         FIRST:  To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under
Section 607;

                                      -36-
<PAGE>
         SECOND: Subject to Article XIV, to the payment of the amounts then due
and unpaid for principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities in
respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected,
ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts
due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest,
respectively; and

         THIRD:  The balance, if any, to the Company.

Section 507. Limitation on Suits

         No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to
institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture
or a Security, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other
remedy hereunder, unless

            (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee
of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that series;

            (2) Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written request to the
Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own
name as Trustee hereunder;

            (3) such Holder or Holders have offered and, if requested, provided
to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and
liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

            (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice,
request and offer and, if requested, provision of security or indemnity has
failed to institute any such proceeding; and

            (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been
given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of
such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any
other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in
the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such
Holders.

Section 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and
             Interest

         Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of
any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to
receive payment of the principal of and any premium and (subject to Sections 305
and 307) interest on such Security on the respective Stated Maturity expressed
in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to
institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall
not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

                                      -37-
<PAGE>
Section 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies

         If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce
any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been
discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to
the Trustee or to such Holder, then in every such case, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and Holders shall be
restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder, and
thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and Holders shall continue as
though no such proceeding had been instituted.

Section 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative

         Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment
of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of
Section 306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee
or to Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and
every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and
in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter
existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any
right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent
assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

Section 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver

         No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities
to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair
any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or
an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law
to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as
often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case
may be.

Section 512. Control by Holders

         Subject to the provisions of Section 603, Holders of a majority in
aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall
have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power
conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such series;
provided, however, that

            (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or
with this Indenture;

            (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the
Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; and

            (3) subject to the provisions of Section 601, the Trustee shall have
the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith
shall determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in
personal liability or would otherwise be contrary to applicable law.

                                      -38-
<PAGE>
Section 513. Waiver of Past Defaults

         Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series may on behalf of Holders of all the Securities of such
series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and its
consequences, except

            (1) a continuing default in the payment of the principal of or any
premium or interest on any Security of such series, or

            (2) a default in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which
under Article IX cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder
of each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

         Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event
of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every
purpose of this Indenture, but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or
other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

Section 514. Undertaking for Costs

         In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this
Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or
omitted by it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to
file an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and may assess costs against
any such party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the Trust
Indenture Act; provided, however, that neither this Section nor the Trust
Indenture Act shall be deemed to authorize any court to require such an
undertaking or to make such an assessment in any suit instituted by the Trustee,
in any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the
aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any
series to which the suit relates, or in any suit instituted by any Holder for
the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
interest on any Security on or after the respective Stated Maturities expressed
by such Security (or, in the case of redemption or repayment, on or after the
Redemption Date).

                                   ARTICLE VI

                                   THE TRUSTEE

Section 601. Certain Duties and Responsibilities

            (a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default with
respect to any series of Securities,

                        (1) the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and
            only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture
            with respect to the Securities of such series, and no implied
            covenants or obligations shall read into this Indenture against the
            Trustee; and

                        (2) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee
            may, with respect to Securities of such series, conclusively rely,
            as to the truth of the statements and

                                      -39-
<PAGE>
            the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates
            or opinions furnished to the Trustee conforming to the requirements
            of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or
            opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to
            be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to
            examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the
            requirements of this Indenture.

            (b) In case an Event of Default with respect to any series of
Securities has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise with
respect to the Securities of such series such rights and powers vested in it by
this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as
a prudent Person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of
such person's own affairs.

            (c) No provisions of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve
the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that

                        (1) this Subsection shall not be construed to limit the
            effect of Subsection (a) of this Section;

                        (2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of
            judgment made in good faith by a responsible officer, unless it
            shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the
            pertinent facts;

                        (3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any
            action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in
            accordance with the direction of the Holders or a majority in
            principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series
            relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
            for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or
            power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect
            to the Securities of such series; and

                        (4) no provision of this Indenture shall require the
            Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any
            financial liability in the performance of any of its duties
            hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it
            shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such
            funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not
            reasonably assured to it.

            (d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of
this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or
affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this
Section.

            Section 602. Notice of Defaults

         If a Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of
any series, the Trustee shall, within 90 days after it occurs, transmit, in the
manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act,
notice of all uncured or unwaived Defaults known to it; provided, however, that,
except in the case of a Default in payment on the Securities of any series, the
Trustee shall be protected in withholding the notice if and so long as the board
of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors or
responsible officers of the

                                      -40-
<PAGE>
Trustee determine in good faith that withholding such notice is in the interests
of Holders of Securities of such series; provided, further, however, that, in
the case of any default or breach of the character specified in Section 501(3)
with respect to the Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall
be given until at least 60 days after the occurrence thereof.

Section 603. Certain Rights of Trustee

         Subject to the provisions of Section 601:

            (1) the Trustee may rely on and shall be protected in acting or
refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture,
note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by it
to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or
parties;

            (2) any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned
herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order (or
in the case of a Periodic Offering, as agreed in procedures set forth in a
Company Order pursuant to Section 303) and any resolution of the Board of
Directors shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

            (3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee
shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking,
suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence
be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part,
rely upon an Officers' Certificate;

            (4) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of
such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it
hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

            (5) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of
any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have
offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the
costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with
such request or direction;

            (6) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into
the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond,
debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but
the Trustee, in its discretion, may, without obligation to do so, make such
further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit;
and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or
investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises
of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;

            (7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys and the Trustee shall not

                                      -41-
<PAGE>
be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or
attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder; and

            (8) the Trustee may request that the Company deliver an Officers'
Certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers
authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture,
which Officers' Certificate may be signed by any Person authorized to sign an
Officers' Certificate, including any Person specified as so authorized in any
such certificate previously delivered and not superseded.

Section 604. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities

         The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the
Trustee's certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of
the Company, and the Trustee or any Authenticating Agent assumes no
responsibility for their correctness. Neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating
Agent makes any representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this
Indenture or of the Securities. Neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent
shall be accountable for the use or application by the Company of Securities or
the proceeds thereof.

Section 605. May Hold Securities

         The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security
Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other
capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections
608 and 613, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would
have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security
Registrar or such other agent.

Section 606. Money Held in Trust

         Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated
from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be
under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as
otherwise agreed with the Company.

Section 607. Compensation and Reimbursement

         The Company agrees:

            (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation
for all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not be
limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an
express trust);

            (2) to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable
expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in
accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable
compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel),
except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its
negligence or bad faith; and

            (3) to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against,
any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on its
part, arising out of or in

                                      -42-
<PAGE>
connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts
hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any
claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its
powers or duties hereunder.

         The obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate the
Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for expenses, disbursements and
advances shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder.

         Without limiting any rights available to the Trustee under applicable
law, when the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an
Event of Default specified in Section 501(4) or Section 501(5), the expenses
(including the reasonable charges and expenses of its counsel) and the
compensation for such services are intended to constitute expenses of
administration under any applicable Bankruptcy Law.

         The provisions of this Section shall survive the satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture and the defeasance of the Securities.

Section 608. Disqualification; Conflicting Interests

         If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the
meaning of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall either eliminate such
interest or resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to
the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture.

Section 609. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility

         There shall at all times be one or more Trustees hereunder with respect
to the Securities of each series, at least one of which shall be a Person that
is eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and has a
combined capital and surplus required by the Trust Indenture Act. If such Person
publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the
requirements of a supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of
this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such Person shall be deemed to
be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of
condition so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in
the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

Section 610. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor

         No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a
successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the
acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the
applicable requirements of Section 611.

         The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of
one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the
instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 611 shall
not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such
notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series.

                                      -43-
<PAGE>
         The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities
of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the
Company. If an instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee shall not have
been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of
removal, the removed Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction
for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

         If at any time:

            (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 608 after written
request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder
of a Security for at least six months, or

            (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 609 and
shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any
such Holder, or

            (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be
adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property
shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the
Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation,
conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case, (A) the Company, acting
pursuant to the authority of a Board Resolution, may remove the Trustee with
respect to all Securities, or (B) subject to Section 514, any Holder who has
been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of
himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and
the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

         If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting,
or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect
to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution,
shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the
Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor
Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of
such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to
the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section 611. If, within one year after such resignation, removal
or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of Holders of
a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series
delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so
appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance
with the applicable requirements of Section 611, become the successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the
successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or
Holders and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 611, any
Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least
six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition
any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series.

                                      -44-
<PAGE>
         The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of
the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of
a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to all Holders
of Securities of such series in the manner provided in Section 106. Each notice
shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

Section 611. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor

            (1) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with
respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall
execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an
instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request
of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon
payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such
successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and
shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property
and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

            (2) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the
retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of
one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (A) shall
contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and
confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (B)
if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall
contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm
that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with
respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring
Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(C) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or
in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees as co-trustees of
the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts
hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by
any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental
indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become
effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor
Trustee relates, but, on request of the Company, or any successor Trustee, such
retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, duly assign, transfer and
deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring
Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to
which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

            (3) Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall
execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and
confirming to such successor

                                      -45-
<PAGE>
Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (1) or (2)
of this Section, as the case may be.

            (4) No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the
time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible
under this Article.

Section 612. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business

         Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or
with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such
corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger,
conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect
as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

Section 613. Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company

         If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company,
or any other obligor upon the Securities, the Trustee shall be subject to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against
the Company or any such other obligor.

Section 614. Appointment of Authenticating Agent

         The Trustee (upon notice to the Company) may appoint an Authenticating
Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be
authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such
series issued upon original issue (in accordance with procedures acceptable to
the Trustee) and upon exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption
thereof or pursuant to Section 306, and Securities so authenticated shall be
entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for
all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is
made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the
Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be
deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of
the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and
doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof
or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating
Agent, having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and
subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authority. If such
Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant
to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then
for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such
Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as
set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section,

                                      -46-
<PAGE>
such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the
effect specified in this Section.

         Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of
the corporate agency or corporate trust business of such Authenticating Agent,
shall continue to be an Authenticating Agent and provided such corporation shall
be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any
paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or such Authenticating
Agent.

         An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating
Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all
the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as
if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating
Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

         Except with respect to an Authenticating Agent appointed at the request
of the Company, the Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time
to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section.

         If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant
to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in
addition to the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an alternative
certificate of authentication in the following form:

         This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                          WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
                                          As Trustee

Date:                                     By:
     --------------------------------        -----------------------------------
                                             As Authenticating Agent

                                          By:
                                             -----------------------------------
                                             Authorized Signatory

                                      -47-
<PAGE>
                                   ARTICLE VII

              HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND THE COMPANY

Section 701. The Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders

         The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee

            (1) semi-annually, not later than each Interest Payment Date in each
year, a list for each series of Securities, in such form as the Trustee may
reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities of
such series as of the preceding Regular Record Date, and

            (2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing,
within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of
similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time
such list is furnished;

provided, however, that if and so long as the Trustee shall be the Security
Registrar for Securities of a series, no such list need be furnished with
respect to such series of Securities.

Section 702. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders

         The Trustee shall comply with the obligations imposed upon it pursuant
to Section 312 of the Trust Indenture Act.

         The rights of the Holders to communicate with other Holders with
respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the
corresponding rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the
Trust Indenture Act.

         Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees
with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor
any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of any
disclosure of information as to the names and addresses of Holders made pursuant
to the Trust Indenture Act.

Section 703. Reports by Trustee

         As promptly as practicable after each May 15 beginning with the May 15
following the date of this Indenture, and in any event prior to July 15 in each
year, the Trustee shall mail to each Holder a brief report dated as of May 15
that complies with Trust Indenture Act Section 313(a). The Trustee also shall
comply with Trust Indenture Act Section 313(b). Prior to delivery to the
Holders, the Trustee shall deliver to the Company a copy of any report it
delivers to Holders pursuant to this Section 703.

         A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to
Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any
Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company
will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange.

                                      -48-
<PAGE>
Section 704. Reports by the Company

         The Company shall:

            (1) file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is
required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and
of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of
any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and
regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with the
Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act;

            (2) file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with
rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such
additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the
Company with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture as may be required
from time to time by such rules and regulations; and

            (3) transmit by mail to all Holders, as their names and addresses
appear in the Security Register, within 30 days after the filing thereof with
the Trustee, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required
to be filed by the Company pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Section as
may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
Commission.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

              CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

Section 801. The Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms

         The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person
or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an
entirety to, any Person, unless:

            (1) the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the
Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or
which leases, the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an
entirety shall be a corporation, partnership or trust, shall be organized and
validly existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State
thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly assume, by an indenture
supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory
to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of and any premium
and interest on all the Securities and the performance or observance of every
other covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or
observed;

            (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating
any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or a Subsidiary as a
result of such transaction as having been incurred by the Company or such
Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event
which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an Event of Default,
shall have happened and be continuing;

                                      -49-
<PAGE>
            (3) if, as a result of any such consolidation or merger or such
conveyance, transfer or lease, properties or assets of the Company would become
subject to a mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest or other encumbrance
which would not be permitted by this Indenture, the Company or such successor
Person, as the case may be, shall take such steps as shall be necessary
effectively to secure the Securities equally and ratably with (or prior to) all
indebtedness secured thereby; and

            (4) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation,
merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and such supplemental indenture comply
with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating
to such transaction have been complied with.

Section 802. Successor Substituted

         Upon any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company
into, any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties
and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety in accordance with
Section 801, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the
Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall
succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of,
the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor
Person had been named as the Company herein and thereafter, except in the case
of a lease, the predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations and
covenants under this Indenture and the Securities and coupons and may liquidate
and dissolve.

                                   ARTICLE IX

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

Section 901. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders

         Without the consent of any Holders of Securities, the Company and the
Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more
indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of
the following purposes:

            (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company
under this Indenture and the Securities and the assumption by such successor
Person of the obligations of the Company hereunder;

            (2) to add covenants and Events of Default for the benefit of the
Holders of all or any series of such Securities or to surrender any right or
power conferred by this Indenture upon the Company or to make any change that
does not adversely affect the legal rights hereunder of any Holder in any
material respect;

            (3) to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this
Indenture, provided that any such addition, change or elimination shall become
effective only after there are no such Securities of any series entitled to the
benefit of such provision outstanding;

                                      -50-
<PAGE>
            (4) to establish the forms or terms of the Securities of any series
issued hereunder;

            (5) to cure any ambiguity or correct any defect or inconsistency in
this Indenture;

            (6) to evidence the acceptance of appointment by a successor Trustee
with respect to one or more series of Securities or otherwise;

            (7) to qualify this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;

            (8) to provide for uncertificated securities in addition to
certificated securities;

            (9) to supplement any provisions of this Indenture necessary to
permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities,
provided that such action does not adversely affect the interests of the Holders
of Securities of such series or any other series; and

            (10) to comply with the rules or regulations of any securities
exchange or automated quotation system on which any of the Securities may be
listed or traded.

Section 902. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders

         With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in
aggregate principal amount of all Outstanding Securities affected by such
supplemental indenture (voting as one class), the Company and the Trustee may
enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of
adding any provisions to, or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the
provisions of, this Indenture, or modifying in any manner the rights of Holders
of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided that the Company and
the Trustee may not, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding
Security affected thereby,

            (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any
installment of principal of or interest, if any, on, any Security, or reduce the
principal amount thereof or premium, if any, on or the rate of interest thereon
or modify the provisions of this Indenture with respect to the subordination of
the Securities in a manner adverse to the Holders or adversely affect any right
to convert or exchange any Security into any other security, or alter the method
of computation of interest;

            (2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of Securities required
for any such supplemental indenture or for any waiver provided for in this
Indenture;

            (3) change the Company's obligation to maintain an office or agency
for payment of Securities and the other matters specified herein;

            (4) impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any
payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on, any Security;

                                      -51-
<PAGE>
            (5) modify the provisions of this Indenture with respect to the
subordination of any Security in a manner adverse to the Holder thereof; or

            (6) modify any of the provisions of this Indenture relating to the
execution of supplemental indentures with the consent of Holders of Securities
which are discussed in this Section or modify any provisions relating to the
waiver by Holders of Securities of past defaults and covenants, except to
increase any required percentage or to provide that other provisions of this
Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security affected thereby.

         A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or
other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for
the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies
the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such
covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

         It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall
be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

Section 903. Execution of Supplemental Indentures

         In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any
supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of
the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an
Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of
such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The
Trustee shall enter into any supplemental indenture which does not adversely
affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such
supplemental indenture which adversely affects the Trustee's own rights, duties
or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

Section 904. Effect of Supplemental Indentures

         Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article,
this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder
shall be bound thereby.

Section 905. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act

         Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

Section 906. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures

         Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall
if required by the Trustee, bear a

                                      -52-
<PAGE>
notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such
supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any
series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company,
to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company
and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding
Securities of such series. Failure to make a notation or issue a new Security
shall not affect the validity and effect of any amendment, supplement or waiver.

                                    ARTICLE X

                                    COVENANTS

Section 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest

         The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of
Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and any premium
and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of
the Securities and this Indenture.

Section 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency

         The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of
Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented
or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered
for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or
upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture
may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the
location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any
time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or
shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations,
surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust
Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent
to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

         The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other
offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented
or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind
such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission
shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office
or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such
purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such
designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other
office or agency.

         Except as otherwise specified with respect to a series of Securities as
contemplated by Section 301, the Company hereby initially designates as the
Place of Payment for each series of Securities The City of New York, and
initially appoints the Trustee as Paying Agent at its Corporate Trust Office as
the Company's office or agency for each such purpose in such city.

Section 1003. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust

         If the Company or any of its Subsidiaries shall at any time act as
Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities, it will, on or before
each due date of the principal of or any premium or interest on any of the
Securities of that series, segregate and hold in trust for the

                                      -53-
<PAGE>
benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal
and any premium and interest so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to
such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly
notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

         Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any
series of Securities, it will, on or prior to each due date of the principal of
or any premium or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with a
Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay such amount, such sum to be held as
provided by the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such Paying Agent is the
Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure
so to act.

         The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities
other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in
which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section, that such Paying Agent will (1) hold all sums held by it for
the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, if any, on
Securities of that series in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of
as herein provided; (2) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company
(or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making of any
payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the
Securities of that series; and (3) during the continuance of any such default,
upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums
held in trust by such Paying Agent for payment in respect of the Securities of
that series.

         The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or
such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee,
such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to
such money.

         Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent in trust for
the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Security of
any series and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, premium
or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the state which escheat
laws control and the Trustee or any Paying Agent shall be discharged from such
trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general
creditor, look only to the state which escheat laws control for payment thereof,
and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust
money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon
cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being
required to make any such payment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be
published once, in an Authorized Newspaper, notice that such money remains
unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than
30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money
then remaining will be paid to the state whose escheat laws control.

                                      -54-
<PAGE>
Section 1004. Statement by Officers as to Default

         The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 150 days after the end
of each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof, an Officers'
Certificate, stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signer or
signers thereof the Company is in default in the performance and observance of
any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to
any period of grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder) and, if the
Company shall be in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and
status thereof of which they may have knowledge.

                                   ARTICLE XI

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

Section 1101. Applicability of Article

         Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated
Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of any series)
in accordance with this Article.

Section 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee

         The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced
by a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company
of less than all the Securities of any series, the Company shall, not less than
35 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company
(unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the
Trustee of such Redemption Date, of the principal amount of Securities of such
series to be redeemed and, if applicable, of the tenor of the Securities to be
redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities (1) prior to the
expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such
Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, or (2) pursuant to an election of the
Company which is subject to a condition specified in the terms of such
Securities, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate
evidencing compliance with such restriction or condition.

Section 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed

         If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed
(unless all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be
redeemed), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more
than 45 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding
Securities of such series not previously called for redemption, on a pro rata
basis or by any other method which the Trustee deems fair and appropriate and
which complies with any securities exchange or other applicable requirements for
redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized denomination for
Securities of that series or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal
amount of Securities of such series of a denomination larger than the minimum
authorized denomination for Securities of that series.

                                      -55-
<PAGE>
         The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the
Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected
for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

         For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise
requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate,
in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the
portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be
redeemed.

Section 1104. Notice of Redemption

         Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail (if
international mail, by air mail), postage prepaid, mailed not less than 30 nor
more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Securities to
be redeemed, at his address appearing in the Security Register.

         All notices of redemption shall state:

            (1) the Redemption Date,

            (2) the Redemption Price,

            (3) if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series and of
a specified tenor are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of
partial redemption of any Securities, the principal amounts) of the particular
Securities to be redeemed,

            (4) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due
and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and that interest thereon
will cease to accrue on and after said date,

            (5) the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered
for payment of the Redemption Price, and

            (6) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case.

         Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed shall be given by the
Company or, at the Company's request, by the Trustee in the name and at the
expense of the Company.

Section 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price

         On or prior to 10:30 a.m. New York City Time on any Redemption Date,
the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the
Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as
provided in Section 1003) an amount of money sufficient to pay the Redemption
Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date)
accrued interest on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.

                                      -56-
<PAGE>
Section 1106. Securities Payable on Redemption Date

         Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so
to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the
Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the
Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued
interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any
such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall
be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest
to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301, installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is
on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such
Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the
close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the
provisions of Section 307.

         If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until
paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in
the Security.

Section 1107. Securities Redeemed in Part

         Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered
at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires,
due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to
the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney
duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service
charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of
any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal
amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of
the Security so surrendered.

                                   ARTICLE XII

                                  SINKING FUNDS

Section 1201. Applicability of Article

         The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund
for the retirement of Securities of a series except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of such series.

         The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking
fund payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by
the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional
sinking fund payment." If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series,
the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as
provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the
redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of
Securities of such series.

                                      -57-
<PAGE>
Section 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities

         The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other
than any previously called for redemption), and (2) may apply as a credit
Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the
Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of
permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such
Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund
payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made
pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such
series; provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such
Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the
Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation
of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

Section 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund

         Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any
series of Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the
Trustee), the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series
pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to
be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be
satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to
Section 1202 and stating the basis for such credit and that such Securities have
not been previously so credited, and will also deliver to the Trustee any
Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking
fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon
such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and cause
notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense
of the Company in the manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice having been
duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and
in the manner stated in Sections 1106 and 1107.

                                  ARTICLE XIII

                                   DEFEASANCE

Section 1301. Applicability of Article

         The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to each series of
Securities except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for
Securities of such series.

Section 1302. Legal Defeasance

         In addition to discharge of the Indenture pursuant to Section 401, the
Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on
all the Securities of such a series on the 91st day after the date of the
deposit referred to in Clause (1) below, and the provisions of this Indenture
with respect to the Securities of such series shall no longer be in effect
(except as to (i) rights of registration of transfer and exchange of Securities
of such series and the Company's right of optional redemption, if any, (ii)
substitution of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, (iii) rights of
Holders of Securities to receive payments of principal thereof and

                                      -58-
<PAGE>
interest thereon, upon the original stated due dates therefor or on the
specified redemption dates therefor (but not upon acceleration), and remaining
rights of the holders to receive mandatory sinking fund payments, if any, (iv)
the rights, obligations, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder, and the
Company's obligations in connection therewith (including, but not limited to,
Section 607), (v) the rights, if any, to convert or exchange the Securities of
such series, (vi) the rights of Holders of Securities of such series as
beneficiaries hereof with respect to the property so deposited with the Trustee
payable to all or any of them, and (vii) the obligations of the Company under
Section 1002), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, upon a
Company Request, execute proper instruments acknowledging the same, if the
conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, "defeasance"):

            (1) The Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited
with the Trustee as trust funds in trust, for the purposes of making the
following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely
to, the benefit of Holders of the Securities of such series (A) cash in an
amount, or (B) in the case of any series of Securities the payments on which may
only be made in legal coin or currency of the United States, U.S. Government
Obligations, maturing as to principal and interest at such times and in such
amounts as will insure the availability of cash, or (C) a combination thereof,
certified to be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, to pay (i) the principal and interest and premium, if
any, on all Securities of such series on each date that such principal, interest
or premium, if any, is due and payable or on any Redemption Date established
pursuant to Clause (3) below, and (ii) any mandatory sinking fund payments on
the dates on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the
terms of the Indenture and the Securities of such series;

            (2) The Company has delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel
based on the fact that (A) the Company has received from, or there has been
published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (B) since the date
hereof, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in
either case to the effect that, and such opinion shall confirm that, Holders of
the Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for
federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and
discharge and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amount and in
the same manner and at the same times, as would have been the case if such
deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred;

            (3) If the Securities are to be redeemed prior to Stated Maturity
(other than from mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments), notice
of such redemption shall have been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or
provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made;

            (4) No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of time
or both would become an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing
on the date of such deposit;

            (5) Such defeasance shall not cause the Trustee to have a
conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act (assuming all
Securities are in default within the meaning of such Act);

                                      -59-
<PAGE>
            (6) Such defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or
constitute a default under, any other agreement or instrument to which the
Company is a party or by which it is bound;

            (7) Such defeasance shall not result in the trust arising from such
deposit constituting an investment company within the meaning of the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, unless such trust shall be registered under
such Act or exempt from registration thereunder; and

            (8) The Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this provision
have been complied with.

         For this purpose, such defeasance means that the Company and any other
obligor upon the Securities of such series shall be deemed to have paid and
discharged the entire debt represented by the Securities of such series, which
shall thereafter be deemed to be "Outstanding" only for the purposes of Section
1304 and the rights and obligations referred to in Clauses (i) through (vii),
inclusive, of the first paragraph of this Section, and to have satisfied all its
other obligations under the Securities of such series and this Indenture insofar
as the Securities of such series are concerned.

Section 1303. Covenant Defeasance

         The Company and any other obligor shall be released on the 91st day
after the date of the deposit referred to in Clause (1) below from its
obligations under Sections 704 and 801 with respect to the Securities of any
series on and after the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied
(hereinafter, "covenant defeasance"), and the Securities of such series shall
thereafter be deemed to be not "Outstanding" for the purposes of any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, waiver, consent or declaration or
other action or Act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in
connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed Outstanding for
all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means
that, with respect to the Securities of such series, the Company may omit to
comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or
limitation set forth in any such Section, whether directly or indirectly by
reason of any reference elsewhere herein to such Section or by reason of any
reference in such Section to any other provision herein or in any other document
and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of
Default under Section 501, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this
Indenture and the Securities of such series shall be unaffected thereby. The
following shall be the conditions to application of this Section 1303:

            (1) The Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited
with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following
payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the
benefit of Holders of the Securities of such series, (A) cash in an amount, or
(B) in the case of any series of Securities the payments on which may only be
made in legal coin or currency of the United States, U.S. Government
Obligations, maturing as to principal and interest at such times and in such
amounts as will insure the availability of cash, or (C) a combination thereof,
sufficient, in the opinion of a

                                      -60-
<PAGE>
nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a
written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay (i) the principal
and interest and premium, if any, on all Securities of such series on each date
that such principal, interest or premium, if any, is due and payable or on any
Redemption Date established pursuant to Clause (2) below, and (ii) any mandatory
sinking fund payments on the day on which such payments are due and payable in
accordance with the terms of the Indenture and the Securities of such series;

            (2) If the Securities are to be redeemed prior to Stated Maturity
(other than from mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments), notice
of such redemption shall have been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or
provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made;

            (3) No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of time
or both would become an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing
on the date of such deposit;

            (4) The Company has delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel
which shall confirm that Holders of the Securities of such series will not
recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of
such deposit and covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax
on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same time as would have
been the case if such deposit and covenant defeasance had not occurred;

            (5) Such covenant defeasance shall not cause the Trustee to have a
conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act (assuming all
Securities are in default within the meaning of such Act);

            (6) Such covenant defeasance shall not result in a breach or
violation of, or constitute a default under, any other agreement or instrument
to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;

            (7) Such covenant defeasance shall not result in the trust arising
from such deposit constituting an investment company within the meaning of the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, unless such trust shall be
registered under such Act or exempt from registration thereunder; and

            (8) The Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate and Opinion of Counsel stating that all conditions precedent
provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this provision
have been complied with.

Section 1304. Application by Trustee of Funds Deposited for Payment of
              Securities

         Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all
moneys or U.S. Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to
Section 1302 or 1303 (and all funds earned on such moneys or U.S. Government
Obligations) shall be held in trust and applied by it to the payment, either
directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own
Paying Agent), to Holders of the particular Securities of such series for the
payment or redemption of which such moneys have been deposited with the Trustee,
of all sums due and to become due thereon for principal and interest; but such
money need not be segregated from other

                                      -61-
<PAGE>
funds except to the extent required by law. Subject to Sections 1302 and 1303,
the Trustee shall promptly pay to the Company upon Company Order any moneys held
by it at any time, which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent public accountants expressed in a written certification delivered to
the Trustee, are in excess of the amounts required to effect the defeasance with
respect to the Outstanding Securities in question.

Section 1305. Repayment to the Company

         The Trustee and any Paying Agent promptly shall pay or return to the
Company upon Company Request any money and U.S. Government Obligations held by
them at any time that are not required for the payment of the principal of and
any interest on the Securities of any series for which money or U.S. Government
Obligations have been deposited pursuant to Section 1302 or 1303, which, in the
opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of
the amounts required to effect the defeasance with respect to the Outstanding
Securities in question.

         The provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003 shall apply to any
money held by the Trustee or any Paying Agent under this Article that remains
unclaimed for two years after the Maturity of any series of Securities for which
money or U.S. Government Obligations have been deposited pursuant to Section
1302 or 1303.

Section 1306. Reinstatement

         If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money or U.
S. Government Obligations in accordance with this Article by reason of any legal
proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental
authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the
obligations of the Company under this Indenture and the Securities of the
applicable series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had
occurred pursuant to this Indenture until such time as the Trustee or the Paying
Agent is permitted to apply all such money or U. S. Government Obligations in
accordance with this Article; provided, however, that if the Company has made
any payment of principal of or interest on any Securities of such series because
of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the
rights of Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money or
U.S. Government Obligations held by the Trustee or the Paying Agent.

                                   ARTICLE XIV

                           SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

Section 1401. Securities Subordinated to Senior Debt

         The payment by the Company of the principal of, premium, if any, and
interest, if any, on any series of Securities issued hereunder shall be
subordinated to the extent set forth in an indenture supplemental hereto
relating to such Securities.

         This instrument may be executed with counterpart signature pages or in
any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an
original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the
same instrument.

                                      -62-
<PAGE>
         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed in multiple counterparts, each of which so executed shall be
deemed to be an original, but all of which shall together constitute but one and
the same instrument, all as of the day and year first above written.

                                         KINDER MORGAN, INC.

                                         By: /s/ C. Park Shaper
                                            ------------------------------------
                                         Name:  C. Park Shaper
                                         Title: Vice President and
                                                Chief Financial Officer

                                         WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                         By: /s/ Doug Milner
                                            ------------------------------------
                                         Name:  Doug Milner
                                         Title: Vice PresidentLICENSE AGREEMENT FOR OPENTV INTERACTIVE APPL

 Exhibit 10.31 
  
 

 
  
  
 LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR 

OPENTV INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS AND 
 ENTERPRISE AND NETWORK SOLUTIONS

  
 THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of
August 16, 2002, but shall only come into force and effect on the date of Closing as defined in the Stock Purchase Agreement dated 8 May 2002 between MIHL, OTV Holdings Limited, Liberty Media Corporation and LDIG OTV Inc. (“Effective
Date”) by and among OPENTV, Inc., a Delaware corporation with offices at 401 East Middlefield Road, Mountain View, California 94043-4005, USA (“OPENTV”); MultiChoice Africa Limited
(referred to herein as “MCA” or “Licensee”), a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, whose registered office is at Beaufort House, Main Street, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands
and MIH Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, whose registered office is at Beaufort House, Main Street, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands (“MIHL”), and consists of this Agreement and the
Exhibits hereto, which are incorporated in full by this reference. Capitalized terms shall have the meaning defined herein and in the Exhibits. 
  
  
 RECITALS 
  
 WHEREAS,
OPENTV is in the business of providing interactive software solutions, services and consulting for digital cable, satellite and terrestrial broadcast television networks; 
  
 WHEREAS, MultiChoice Africa (Pty) Limited (“MCAL”) is a digital television broadcaster and has entered into a Network Solutions Agreement dated as
of December 20, 2000, as amended as of October 25, 2001 (the “MCAL NSA”) with OpenTV for the use of the OPENTV System related to the provision of interactive television services to MCAL’s Subscribers; 

 
 WHEREAS, MultiChoice Hellas SA (“MultiChoice Hellas”) is a digital television broadcaster and has entered into
a Network Solutions Agreement dated as of April 1, 2000 (the “MCH NSA”) with OpenTV for the use of the OPENTV System related to the provision of interactive television services to MultiChoice Hellas’ Subscribers; and

  
 WHEREAS, Licensee now wishes to obtain, and OpenTV is willing to provide, certain software in relation to
the OpenTV System on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement; 
  
 NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of the premises and the covenants set forth in this Agreement, the parties agree to the foregoing and as follows: 
  
  
 AGREEMENT 
  
 1.    LICENSE GRANTS.

  
 1.1.    Fees and Compliance.    The license grants set forth in this Section 1 are
each expressly subject to Licensee’s compliance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement and payment of the applicable license fees as set out in Exhibit E attached. The license grants are limited to the Territories. 

 
 In addition, provided Licensee has paid all applicable fees as set out in the applicable Exhibits hereto, Licensee shall have the right to sublicense
its rights with respect to the Products to MCAL, MultiChoice Hellas, and 

 
 1 

 provided United Broadcast Corporation Public Company Limited (“UBC”) has entered into a Network License Agreement with OpenTV, to UBC
for use in their respective Territories, provided however that: 
  

	 	(i)
	 
	Licensee shall ensure that its sub-license agreements will be on such terms and conditions as necessary to ensure that MCAL, MultiChoice Hellas and UBC will
comply with the obligations of Licensee under this Agreement relating to the use of the Products. Licensee agrees that OpenTV shall have the right to review and approve the form of the sublicense agreements, which approval shall not unreasonably be
withheld or delayed, and that OpenTV shall be included as a direct third party beneficiary to such sublicense agreements; the sublicense agreements shall provide, inter alia, that the sublicensees shall be entitled to the benefit of Licensee’s
right to indemnification and shall agree to indemnify OpenTV in accordance with the terms hereof. 
 

  

	 	(ii)
	 
	Licensee warrants that MCAL, MultiChoice Hellas, and UBC will comply with Licensee’s obligations under this Agreement in connection with the use of the
Products and Licensee accepts that it shall be primarily liable to Open TV for any liability or loss which Open TV may suffer as a result of the acts and/or omissions of MCAL, MultiChoice Hellas and/or UBC in breach of the provisions of this
Agreement. 
 

  

	 	(iii)
	 
	except as expressly stated to the contrary in this Agreement, no additional fees are payable to OpenTV in connection with such sub-licenses to MCAL, MultiChoice
Hellas and/or UBC. 
 

  
 OpenTV agrees to negotiate in good faith the additional license fees and other terms, conditions
and provisions that will apply to a sublicense to the Products to any additional Controlled Affiliate (as such term is defined in that certain Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of May 8, 2002 by and among MIH Limited, OTV Holdings Limited, Liberty
Media Corporation and LDIG OTV, Inc.). 
  
 1.2.    Enterprise and Network Solutions
License.    For each “Enterprise and/or Network Solutions Software” that is listed on Exhibit B as a Product being licensed to Licensee, then for the Term of this Agreement OPENTV hereby grants to
Licensee a license in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement and Exhibit B. In the event of a conflict between any term of this Agreement and Exhibit B, the terms of Exhibit B shall control. If there is more than one Exhibit B,
the first shall be attached hereto as Exhibit B-1. Each subsequent Exhibit B shall be referred to as Exhibit B-[    ], completing the blank for each new Exhibit B with a number, in ascending numerical order. All such Exhibits
B’s shall be collectively referred to herein as “Exhibit B.” 
  
 1.3.    OPENTV
Interactive Applications License.    For each “OPENTV Interactive Application” that is listed on Exhibit C as a Product being licensed to Licensee, OPENTV hereby grants to Licensee for
the Term of this Agreement a license in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement and Exhibit C. In the event of a conflict between any term of this Agreement and Exhibit C, the terms of Exhibit C shall control. If there is more
than one Exhibit C, the first shall be attached hereto as Exhibit C-1. Each subsequent Exhibit C shall be referred to as Exhibit C-[    ], completing the blank for each new Exhibit C with a number, in ascending numerical order.
All such Exhibits C’s shall be collectively referred to herein as “Exhibit C.” 
  
 1.4.    Documentation License.    OPENTV hereby grants to Licensee for the Term of this Agreement the limited, non-transferable, non-exclusive, non-assignable and
non-sublicensable (subject to clause 1.1 above) license to use the Documentation in the Territory in connection with the permitted use of the applicable Product. Licensee shall have the right to use that number of copies of the Documentation as set
forth on the applicable Exhibit B and/or C (as the case may be). Licensee agrees that the Documentation is the Confidential Information of OPENTV, and shall be subject to the non-disclosure and confidentiality obligations of Section 8
of this Agreement. 
  
 1.5.    Restrictions.    Licensee shall not (a) exceed the scope of
the licenses granted in this Section 1; (b) make copies of the Products or Documentation except as otherwise expressly authorized under this Agreement; (c) except as expressly otherwise stated in this Agreement, sublicense, assign, delegate, rent,
lease, sell, time-share or otherwise transfer the licenses granted hereunder or any of the related rights or obligations, whether as a standalone or bundled product, for any reason, and any attempt to make any such sublicense, assignment, delegation
or other transfer by Licensee shall be void and of no effect; (d) reverse engineer, decompile, 

 
 2 

 disassemble or otherwise attempt to learn the source code, structure or algorithms underlying the Products, or use the Products or any portion
thereof except in machine-readable object code form; (e) modify, translate or create derivative works based on the Products without the prior written consent of OPENTV; (f) remove any copyright, trademark, patent or other proprietary
notice which appears on the Products or copies thereof; or (g) use the Products in conjunction with digital integrated receivers decoders that are not authorized Receivers as defined herein. Nothing in this Section shall preclude Licensee from
interfacing and integrating the Products with Licensee’s network or from implementing fixes or repairs authorized by OPENTV. 
  
 1.6.    No License to Accessed Content.    All content accessed by use of the Products is the property of the applicable content owner and may be protected by applicable copyright law.
Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to give Licensee any rights to such content, and except as expressly otherwise provided in this Agreement or any Exhibit thereto, Licensee shall be solely responsible for obtaining such rights to the
extent necessary for Licensee’s contemplated use of such content. 
  
 1.7.    Other Licensee
Obligations.    Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, Licensee shall (a) be responsible for all technical support of its customers; (b) inform OPENTV of any complaints or problems encountered during
Licensee’s use of the Products or Documentation of which Licensee becomes aware and any resolutions by Licensee of such complaints and problems, in accordance with the provisions of the Maintenance and Support Agreement in Exhibit D; (c)
immediately notify OPENTV upon learning of any unauthorized use or disclosure of the Products, Documentation or any portions thereof, or of any actual or threatened misappropriation, violation, or infringement by a third party or
parties of OPENTV’s Intellectual Property Rights; (d) immediately notify OpenTV upon receipt of any notice that Licensee’s use of the Products infringes or potentially infringes any third party Intellectual Property Rights;
(e) supervise and control the use of the Products and Documentation in accordance with Licensee’s security procedures and in accordance with the normal business practices of the industry to ensure that such use takes place in accordance with
the terms of this Agreement; (f) ensure that all Products licensed hereunder maintain appropriate patent markings in accordance with the laws in the applicable Territory; and (g) comply with all applicable laws and regulations with respect to
obtaining the necessary licenses and permits, and comply with regulations regarding labeling, approvals, registrations and notifications as may be applicable to this Agreement and Licensee’s exercise of its rights hereunder. In addition,
Licensee shall, and shall make arrangements such that its employees, subcontractors, agents, suppliers and service providers shall, cooperate with OPENTV in good faith, and at OPENTV’s expense, in the prosecution
of any action by OPENTV for the protection of OPENTV’s rights in the Products. OPENTV shall not be under any obligation to take any legal or other action whatsoever against such third parties but
should OPENTV decide to do so, Licensee shall at the request and cost of OPENTV provide such cooperation and assistance in connection therewith as OPENTV may require. Licensee shall have no right to take
any action against third parties with regard to the wrongful deployment or use of the Products, provided however, in the event and to the extent that OpenTV decides not to take any action against such third parties wrongfully deploying one or more
of the Products, then Licensee shall have the right to request OpenTV to pursue such an action at Licensee’s own cost and expense, subject to the consent of OpenTV, which the parties agree may be withheld in the sole discretion of OpenTV in the
event that OpenTV determines that the pursuit of such litigation is not in the best interests of OpenTV for any reason, including without limitation, (i) situations where OpenTV deems it inadvisable to assert particular Intellectual Property Rights
at that time, in the relevant jurisdiction or against the relevant party, and (ii) situations where OpenTV is in negotiations of a licensing arrangement or business resolution of the alleged wrongful use by such party. 
  
 1.8.    Licensee Covenant and Release. 
  

	(a)
	 
	Covenant Not to Sue.    Licensee covenants and agrees as to itself, and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common
control with Licensee (collectively, the “Licensee Entities”), that neither Licensee nor any other Licensee Entity, to the extent any such Licensee Entities have any rights to assert, shall assert against OPENTV or any entity controlling,
controlled by or under common control with OPENTV (collectively, the “OPENTV Entities”), and the OPENTV Entities’ respective suppliers, distributors, dealers, customers or licensees, any claim of patent infringement or violation of
other Intellectual Property Rights based on the OPENTV Entities’ licensed or owned middleware or interactive television products, services or technology 
 

 
 3 

 (including, without limitation, the Products). For the purposes of this Section 1.8, Liberty Broadband Interactive
Television, Inc. (“LBIT”) shall be deemed to be the entity in control of OpenTV and any entities in control of LBIT shall be disregarded. 
  

	(b)
	 
	Releases of IPR Related Claims.    Licensee and Licensee Entities hereby generally and specifically release OpenTV and the OpenTV
Entities and their respective suppliers, distributors, dealers, customers and licensees from any claim based on any prior, present or future acts of patent infringement and/or alleged patent infringement relating to the OpenTV and the OpenTV
Entities’ middleware or interactive television products, services or technology (including, without limitation, the Products), whether such claims are now in existence or arise hereafter. 
 

  

	(c)
	 
	Survival.    The foregoing covenant and release shall survive the termination of this Agreement, and shall inure to any successor
party or parties that may own any of the Licensee’s television platform for so long as the Product remains deployed in any such platform. 
 

  

	(d)
	 
	Exception.    For purposes of this Section 1.8, the foregoing covenant and release shall: 
 

  

	 	—
	 
	not apply to any claim of patent infringement, alleged patent infringement and/or any violation of other Intellectual Property Rights relating to any
conditional access technology of Licensee and/or Licensee Entities; 
 

	 	—
	 
	not in any way extend the scope of the covenant not to sue provided by M-Web Studios (Pty) Limited (“M-Web”) as to itself and its related entities in
connection with the agreement between M-Web and OpenTV dated 29 August 2000 and the deliverables under such agreement. 
 

  
  
 2.    OWNERSHIP.    OPENTV and its licensors own and shall retain all Intellectual Property Rights and
all other proprietary rights in and to the Products, Documentation and all of their components, and in and to any and all derivative works thereof. Licensee shall not acquire any rights in the Products or the Documentation other than the license
rights expressly specified in this Agreement. OPENTV hereby acknowledges that all rights, title and interest in the Licensee Content, Licensee Features and Licensee Data shall remain the property of Licensee and/or licensors;
provided, however, that Licensee shall procure all necessary rights for OPENTV to use Licensee Content, Licensee Features and Licensee Data in order to comply with its obligations hereunder. 
  
  
 3.    SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT. 
  
 3.1.    Maintenance and Support Services.    Subject to the timely payment of the support fees for the applicable
Product(s) and applicable locations (which fees are described in Exhibit E), OPENTV shall provide the maintenance and support services for such Product(s) and locations as set forth in Exhibit D. OPENTV’s
obligation to provide the maintenance and support services pursuant to this Agreement is subject to OPENTV’s End of Life Policy as set forth in Section 3.2. OPENTV shall have no obligation to provide maintenance
and support for a Product that (a) has been used on any equipment other than the Approved Equipment, or (b) has been modified in breach of this Agreement. 
  
 3.2.    End of Life Policy.    Licensee acknowledges that, as hardware platforms evolve, new features may be added to the Products based on market demand and technological
innovation. Accordingly, as OPENTV develops enhanced versions of the Products, OPENTV may cease to maintain and support older versions. OPENTV will notify Licensee of a Product undergoing the transition
from supported to unsupported status at least six (6) months in advance of a Product’s end of life (“EOL”). A time schedule for the termination of support will be provided on a product-by-product basis. After the six (6) month EOL
notification period, OPENTV will continue to offer Licensee the option of obtaining technical support at the then-current maintenance price for the discontinued product or version for a maximum period of two (2) years. Maintenance for
discontinued products during a transitional support period shall include patches only for critical bug fixes and shall not include the addition of any new features, functionality, enhancements or improvements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is
understood between the parties that the EOL shall not be applicable to the PlayJam Channel Application set out in Exhibit C-3. 

 
 4 

 3.3.    Other Services.    Upon Licensee’s request, and subject to acceptance by
OPENTV, OPENTV may: (a) provide additional installation and integration services; (b) develop additional interfaces; (c) develop OPENTV Interactive Applications; (d) provide training services; or (e)
provide other services related to the Products (collectively “Services”). Except as expressly otherwise stated in this Agreement, no integration or implementation Services are included as part of this Agreement. Except as
expressly otherwise stated in this Agreement, any such Services will be provided pursuant to the terms of the Master Services Agreement dated 19 February 2001, between OPENTV and MCAL, or the similar services agreement entered into
between OpenTV and Netmed Hellas SA dated 5 November 2001. 
  
  
 4.    FEES. 
  
 4.1.    License Fees.    Licensee
shall pay to OpenTV the license fees (including any taxes, shipping and handling) set forth on Exhibit E (for the OpenTV Enterprise or Network Solutions and for the OpenTV Interactive Applications), as may be applicable. The Products shall be
accepted by Licensee upon delivery and Licensee acknowledges that as of acceptance all related license fees shall be non-refundable. 
  
 4.2.    Payment Terms; Taxes.    All License Fees shall be paid in United States dollars and are due upon the Effective Date and any other amounts payable to OpenTV under this Agreement
shall be paid in United States dollars and shall be due thirty (30) days from the date of receipt of the invoice except as expressly otherwise agreed in this Agreement. All amounts shall be paid without set-off and without deduction of any taxes,
levies, imposts, charges, withholdings and/or duties of any nature which may be levied or imposed, including without limitation, value added tax, customs duty and withholding tax. If Licensee is at any time required by any applicable law to make any
such deduction from any amount due to OpenTV under this Agreement, then the amount due from Licensee to OpenTV in respect of such payment shall be increased by such amount to result, notwithstanding the deduction, in OpenTV’s receipt on the due
date of the amount that OpenTV would have received if Licensee had not been required to make such deduction. All payments shall be made by check or wire transfer. In the event that payment is to be made by wire transfer, Licensee shall wire transfer
the payment to OpenTV’s account as shall be designated to Licensee by OpenTV, all wire transfer fees prepaid. Notwithstanding any other rights of OpenTV, in the event of late payment by Licensee, OpenTV shall be entitled to interest on the
amount owing at a rate of 2% (two percent) above the LIBOR rate for US dollars per annum or the highest rate allowed by applicable law, whichever is less, compounded on a daily basis from the due date of payment until the date of actual payment.

  
  
 5.    TERM AND TERMINATION. 

 
 5.1.    Term.    This Agreement and the licenses granted hereunder (specifically excluding the license
in respect of the Playjam Channel Applications (as defined in Exhibit C-3)) shall remain in effect in perpetuity from the Effective Date unless terminated in accordance with the terms of this Section 5 (the “Term”). 

 
 5.2.    Termination.    This Agreement and the license granted hereunder may be terminated: (i) by
OpenTV immediately upon written notice if Licensee has not paid any fees due under this Agreement within thirty (30) calendar days after written notice to Licensee that such payment is past due; or (ii) by either party if the other has materially
breached this Agreement, which breach, if remediable, has not been cured within 30 calendar days after written notice thereof to the other party; if such breach is not remediable then the termination shall be effective immediately upon written
notice; or (iii) by either party if the other enters into bankruptcy proceedings (or any involuntary petition in bankruptcy has been filed against it which has not been dismissed within 30 days), liquidates, winds up, is insolvent or seeks any
relief under any law related to its financial condition. 
  
 5.3.    Effect of
Termination.    Upon such termination, all licenses granted hereunder by OpenTV shall terminate and Licensee shall immediately cease its use of the Products. Licensee shall, immediately upon such termination, return to OpenTV
all Products, Documentation and other materials and information provided by OpenTV and any copies thereof made by Licensee, including copies in all forms, partial and incomplete, on any types of media and in any computer memory, and whether or not
modified or merged in other materials. Upon OpenTV’s request, Licensee shall certify to OpenTV in a writing signed by Licensee that it has retained no copies of such Products, 

 
 5 

 Documentation, materials or information. Termination shall not relieve Licensee from paying all fees accruing prior to termination and shall not
limit OpenTV from pursuing any other available remedies. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event this Agreement is terminated as a result of a material breach by OpenTV, then such termination shall not have immediate effect and Licensee shall be
granted a reasonable period of extended use of the Products until an alternative product solution has been found by Licensee, such period not to exceed six (6) months as of termination of this Agreement. 
  
  
 6.    WARRANTY. 
  
 6.1.    OpenTV Warranty.    OpenTV makes the following warranties to Licensee: 
  
 6.1.1.    Product.    Each Product, when used by Licensee on the Approved Equipment in accordance with the provisions of this
Agreement and in compliance with the applicable Documentation, will perform in substantial compliance with the functions described in the Documentation. 
  
 6.1.2.    Media.    The media on which the Product is recorded will be free from defects in materials and workmanship during normal use for a period of
ninety (90) days from the date that the Product was delivered to Licensee in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. 
  
 6.2.    Exclusive Remedies.    Licensee shall report to OpenTV, pursuant to the notice provision of this Agreement, any breach of the warranties set forth in this section during the
relevant warranty period. In the event of a breach of warranty by OpenTV under this Agreement, Licensee’s sole and exclusive remedy, and OpenTV’s entire liability, shall be as follows: 
  

	 	(a)
	 
	For Products.    Licensee’s exclusive remedy and OpenTV’s entire liability with regard to the Product(s) will be the free
correction of Errors or free replacement of the Product(s) licensed hereunder for a period of 6 months after acceptance of the Product and correction of Errors in accordance with the maintenance and support services set out in Exhibit D in effect
for Licensee, if any. 
 

  

	 	(b)
	 
	For Media.    For any defective media, OPENTV will replace the defective media at its own cost. 

  
 6.3    Limitations of Warranties.    Any and all warranties and indemnifications
shall be void as to Products damaged or rendered unserviceable by: (a) abuse, misuse, neglect, theft, vandalism, fire, water or any other peril or accidental damage; (b) the acts or omissions of non-OpenTV personnel; or (c) moving or relocation. No
warranty or indemnification shall apply where the defect or error in the Products is caused by: (w) any use of the Product which is not in conformity with the provisions of this Agreement or in substantial compliance with the Documentation; (x) any
repair, modification or installation of the Products not made or expressly authorized by OpenTV; (y) defects or failures attributable to elements of Licensee’s network other than the Product; or (z) the use or attempted use of software other
than that supplied and supported by OpenTV. Replacement or repair of a Product shall not extend its warranty period beyond the original warranty expiration date. 
  
 6.4    Disclaimer of Warranty.    EXCEPT FOR THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, OPENTV AND ITS LICENSORS PROVIDE THE PRODUCT, THE DOCUMENTATION AND SERVICES WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. NO ORAL OR WRITTEN INFORMATION OR ADVICE GIVEN BY OPENTV SHALL CREATE A WARRANTY
OR IN ANY WAY INCREASE THE SCOPE OF THIS WARRANTY. THE PARTIES ACKNOWLEDGE THAT SOME JURISDICTIONS RESTRICT THE RIGHT TO EXCLUDE CERTAIN WARRANTIES, THEREFORE THE RIGHTS THAT LICENSEE MAY HAVE MAY VARY FROM JURISDICTION TO JURISDICTION.

  
 6.5    Licensee Warranty.    Licensee represents, warrants and agrees that to the best of
Licensee’s knowledge, Licensee Content and/or Licensee Features do not infringe upon or violate any Intellectual Property Rights of any 

 
 6 

 third party. Licensee represents and warrants to OpenTV that Licensee holds the necessary rights to allow OpenTV to access and/or support any
Licensee Content and/or Licensee Features. 
  
  
 7.    WAIVER OF CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES; LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.    EXCEPT IN THE EVENT OF FRAUD OR WILFUL MISCONDUCT BY EITHER PARTY, NEITHER OPENTV NOR LICENSEE SHALL BE
LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS OR DAMAGES ARISING UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF BUSINESS, PROFIT, REVENUES AND/OR DATA WHETHER ARISING FROM NEGLIGENCE, BREACH OF CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE.
OPENTV’S TOTAL LIABILITY HEREUNDER TO LICENSEE SHALL NOT EXCEED THE LESSER OF THE AGGREGATE FEES EFFECTIVELY PAID HEREUNDER BY LICENSEE OR US$2,000,000. THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY SHALL NOT APPLY TO LIABILITY OF OPENTV OR ITS
AFFILIATES FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY CAUSED BY THE NEGLIGENCE OF OPENTV AND/OR AFFILIATES IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE BY LAW SUCH LIABILITY CANNOT BE LIMITED OR EXCLUDED. 
  

 
 8.    CONFIDENTIALITY. 
  
 8.1    Licensee acknowledges that the Products and related Documentation contain proprietary information and trade secrets of OpenTV and its licensors, if any, whether or not
any portion thereof is or may be the subject of a valid copyright or patent, and as such shall be considered Confidential Information. Licensee shall maintain such Confidential Information and all information and data contained in the Products,
Documentation or any portion thereof in strict confidence and shall not publish, communicate or disclose, or permit to be published, communicated or disclosed, to any third party such information or data without OpenTV’s prior written consent.
Licensee agrees to take all appropriate steps to ensure that persons having access to Products and Documentation shall refrain from any unauthorized reproduction, use or disclosure of the Products or any portion thereof. 
  
 8.2    The parties accept that any breach of this Section 8 by a party will cause injury to the other party and that in the event of
such a breach, monetary damages would not be an adequate remedy. Accordingly, and Section 11.5 notwithstanding, in the event of such a breach or threatened breach by the receiving party, the disclosing party shall be entitled to seek injunctive
relief in any court of competent jurisdiction, without prejudice to the other remedies available to the disclosing party for such breach or threatened breach. 
  
  
 9.    OPENTV INDEMNIFICATION. 
  
 9.1    Conditions for Indemnification.    OPENTV is not currently aware that any Product or portion thereof infringes any third party proprietary right.
Subject to Section 7 hereof, OpenTV agrees to defend and hold Licensee and any sub-licensees sub-licensed pursuant to Section 1.1 above (the “Sub-Licensees”) harmless from and against any claim, suit, demand, or action alleging that the
Products or any portion thereof infringes a patent of a third party in a Territory; or that the Product infringes any copyright of a third party; or that the Product misappropriates any trade secret or other intellectual property right of a third
party, and OpenTV shall indemnify Licensee and any Sub-Licensees for all costs, expenses, and damages finally awarded (or settlement amounts actually paid with the approval of OpenTV which approval shall be made in the sole discretion of OpenTV)
arising from any such claim, suit, demand, or action; provided, however, that (a) Licensee shall have given OpenTV prompt written notice of such claim, suit, demand, or action; (b) Licensee shall cooperate with OpenTV in the defense and settlement
thereof as OpenTV may reasonably request and it is understood that such cooperation does not imply any financial burden of Licensee; and (c) OpenTV shall have sole control of the defense of such claim, suit, demand, or action and the settlement or
compromise thereof. The Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel, if the Indemnified Party so elects in its sole discretion, and to participate in (but not control) the defense, compromise, or settlement thereof and the fees
and expenses of such counsel shall be paid by the Indemnified Party unless the claim, investigation, action, suit or proceeding involves a claim where (i) any relief other than the payment of money damages is sought against the Indemnified Party or
(ii) such Indemnified Party shall have been advised by its counsel that there may be one or more legal defenses available to it that are different from or additional to those available to the Indemnifying Party or that there may be a conflict of
interest between the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party in the conduct of the defense of such action. In the event that the circumstances in (i) and/or (ii) exist, then the fees and expenses of the 

 
 7 

 Indemnified Party’s counsel shall be borne by the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party shall have the right to elect whether to
control the defense, compromise or settlement of such action itself or whether it requires the Indemnifying Party to do so on its behalf. No Indemnified Party shall settle or compromise or consent to entry of any judgment with respect to any such
action for which it is entitled to indemnification hereunder without the prior written consent of the Indemnifying Party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. The Indemnifying Party shall not, without the written consent of such
Indemnified Party (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld), settle or compromise or consent to entry of any judgment with respect to any such claim, investigation, action, suit or proceeding. 
  
 9.2    Prevention of Infringement.    If a third party claims infringement or misappropriation as a result of
Licensee’s use of the Products or any portion thereof, or if OpenTV believes in its reasonable judgment that Licensee’s use of the Products or any portion thereof will potentially infringe or misappropriate an Intellectual Property Right
in the Territory, including patent, copyright, trade secret or other proprietary right of a third party, or a temporary or a final injunction is obtained by a third party against Licensee’s use of the Products or any portion thereof by reason
of alleged or actual infringement of a third party’s Territory patent, copyright, trade secret, or other proprietary right, then OpenTV shall as soon as reasonably possible, at its option and expense, (a) procure for Licensee the right to
continue using the Products; (b) replace or modify for Licensee the Products or such infringing portion thereof so that it no longer infringes or misappropriates such Intellectual Property Right including patent, copyright, trade secret, or other
proprietary right, so long as the utility or performance of the Product is not materially adversely affected by such replacement or modification and the Product continues to materially conform with the Documentation; or if neither of the foregoing
options is practicable from a technical and/or economic perspective (c) terminate the license for such Product. Upon request by OpenTV to Licensee after notice by OpenTV of such potential infringement or misappropriation, or such injunction,
Licensee will discontinue such use until such time that OpenTV has taken one of the steps set forth in the preceding sentence. In such event OpenTV will be liable to Licensee for the lesser of (a) the direct damages suffered by Licensee as a result
of OpenTV’s termination of the license for such Product pursuant to this Section 9.2 (c), and/or as a result of Licensee being obliged to discontinue use of the Products, provided that OpenTV’s maximum liability under this section will
always be subject to the limitation of liability as set out in Section 7 above, and (b) an appropriate pro-rata amount of the license fees already paid for the discontinued Product in respect of the remaining Term. 
  
 9.3    Exclusions.    OpenTV shall have no liability to Licensee for any infringement action or claim that is
based upon or arises out of the use of (a) the Product or any portion thereof in combination with any other system, equipment, functions, features, or software not specified in this Agreement or any unauthorized modification of the Product, in the
event that, but for such use or modification, the claim of infringement would not lie; (b) use of the Products other than as intended by this Agreement; (c) incorporation of a specific design or modification on Licensee’s request; (d) a patent,
trademark or copyright in which the Licensee or a directly controlled affiliate or subsidiary of the Licensee has a direct or indirect interest by license or otherwise; or (e) trade secrets, Confidential Information, or other proprietary rights of a
third party that have been misappropriated by Licensee from a third party. In addition OpenTV shall have no liability for any indemnification obligations hereunder for any period in which Licensee is in material breach of this Agreement, provided
however, that in the event that Licensee is in material breach of this Agreement and OpenTV claims the right to not provide indemnity hereunder for such reason, then upon the receipt of a demand for indemnity from Licensee or thereafter if such
material breach occurs after the demand is made, OpenTV shall inform Licensee that it is in material breach of the Agreement in a written notice that contains an explanation of such breach and Licensee shall have thirty days within which to cure
such breach and if such breach is so cured, then Licensee shall be entitled to indemnification hereunder as if such breach had not occurred. 
  
 9.4    Exclusive Remedy.    THIS SECTION 9 SETS FORTH THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF LICENSEE AND SUB-LICENSEES AGAINST OpenTV WITH RESPECT TO ANY ACTION OR CLAIM OF ALLEGED OR ACTUAL
INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT, TRADE SECRET OR OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHT BY THE PRODUCTS, ANY PORTION THEREOF, OR THE SERVICES. LICENSEE SHALL MAKE NO CLAIM AGAINST OpenTV’s LICENSORS ON ACCOUNT THEREOF. 

 
 8 

 10.    LICENSEE INDEMNIFICATION. 
  

10.1    Conditions for Indemnification.    Licensee agrees to defend, indemnify (including, without limitation, for reasonable attorneys’
fees), and hold harmless at its own expense any claim, suit or action brought against OpenTV, and its respective officers, directors, employees, agents, and shareholders (collectively, the “OpenTV Group”) that arises out of or relates to
allegations that the Licensee Content, Licensee Features, Licensee Data or other technology or content which Licensee has provided or given OpenTV the right to use in order to comply with its obligations under this Agreement, infringes any patent,
copyright, trademark, service mark or trade secret of any third party, provided that (a) Licensee is notified of the claim in writing within a reasonable period of time after the General Counsel of OpenTV receives notice of the claim, suit or
action; and (b) OpenTV gives Licensee reasonable assistance, information and authority necessary for Licensee to provide such defense and indemnity and it is understood that such cooperation does not imply any financial burden of OpenTV; and (c)
Licensee shall have sole control of the defense of such claim, suit, demand, or action and the settlement or compromise thereof. The Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel, if the Indemnified Party so elects in its sole
discretion, and to participate in (but not control) the defense, compromise, or settlement thereof and the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be paid by the Indemnified Party unless the claim, investigation, action, suit or proceeding involves
a claim where (i) any relief other than the payment of money damages is sought against the Indemnified Party or (ii) such Indemnified Party shall have been advised by its counsel that there may be one or more legal defenses available to it that are
different from or additional to those available to the Indemnifying Party or that there may be a conflict of interest between the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party in the conduct of the defense of such action. In the event that the
circumstances in (i) and/or (ii) exist, then the fees and expenses of the Indemnified Party’s counsel shall be borne by the Indemnifying Party, and the Indemnified Party shall have the right to elect whether to control the defense, compromise
or settlement of such action itself or whether it requires the Indemnifying Party to do so on its behalf. No Indemnified Party shall settle or compromise or consent to entry of any judgment with respect to any such action for which it is entitled to
indemnification hereunder without the prior written consent of the Indemnifying Party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. The Indemnifying Party shall not, without the written consent of such Indemnified Party (which consent
shall not be unreasonably withheld), settle or compromise or consent to entry of any judgment with respect to any such claim, investigation, action, suit or proceeding. 
  
 10.2    Prevention of Infringement.    In the event that Licensee receives notice of possible infringement by any Licensee Content, Licensee Features and
Licensee Data or other technology or content provided or licensed to OpenTV by Licensee, or believes in its reasonable judgment that such Licensee Content, Licensee Features, Licensee Data or other technology or content provided or licensed to
OpenTV by Licensee are likely to become the subject of any such claim of infringement, then Licensee, at Licensee’s option and expense, shall as soon as reasonably possible either (a) procure for OpenTV the right to continue using the allegedly
infringing Licensee Content, Licensee Features, or other technology or content licensed to OpenTV by Licensee or (b) replace or modify the allegedly infringing Licensee Content, Licensee Features, or other technology or content licensed to OpenTV by
Licensee, while retaining comparable functionality and performance, so that it is not infringing. Upon notice by Licensee to OpenTV of such belief of such infringement or misappropriation, or such injunction, OpenTV will discontinue such use until
such time that Licensee has taken one of the steps set forth in the preceding sentence.  
  
 10.3    Exclusive
Remedy.    THIS SECTION 10 SETS FORTH THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF OPENTV AGAINST LICENSEE WITH RESPECT TO ANY THIRD PARTY ACTION OR CLAIM BROUGHT AGAINST OPENTV OR ITS AFFILIATES OF ALLEGED OR ACTUAL INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT,
COPYRIGHT, TRADE SECRET OR OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHT OWNED BY A THIRD PARTY ARISING FROM OR BY VIRTUE OF THE LICENSEE CONTENT, THE LICENSEE FEATURES, LICENSEE DATA AND/OR OTHER TECHNOLOGY OR CONTENT PROVIDED OR LICENSED TO OPENTV BY LICENSEE UNDER
THIS AGREEMENT. 
  
  
 11.    MISCELLANEOUS.

  
 11.1    On-Site Precautions.    Each party shall take all reasonable precautions to
ensure the health and safety of the other party’s personnel while they are working at the first party’s premises. Each party shall indemnify the 

 
 9 

 other in the event that any employee of the other party suffers personal injury or death as a result of the negligent act or omission of the
first party. 
  
 11.2    Quarterly Reports.    Licensee shall provide OPENTV
with a quarterly written report within thirty (30) business days after the end of each calendar quarter. Each report shall, in addition to reporting the number of purchased Receivers under the MCAL NSA, include the total number of Subscribers and
the total number of registered interactive Subscribers of each Sub-Licensee during the preceding quarter. 
  
 11.3    Notices.    All notices, summons and communications related to this Agreement and sent by either Party hereto to the other shall be written in English and shall be given in
writing by registered mail, internationally recognized overnight courier or by facsimile also confirmed by registered mail or internationally recognized overnight courier. Any such notice shall be deemed to have been duly given or made when
delivered personally or seven (7) calendar days after posting or if sent by facsimile, thirty-six (36) hours after dispatch to the party to which such notice is required to be given or made under this Agreement addressed to the principal place of
business: 
  
 with respect to OPENTV to: 
 OPENTV, Inc. 
 401 East Middlefield Road 
 Mountain View, California 94043 
 Attn.: Legal Department 
 Telephone: +1 650 429-5500 
 Facsimile: +1 650 230-8944 
  
 with respect to MCA and MIHL: 
 Beaufort
House, Main Street, 
 Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands 
 Facsimile: +31 23 556 2880 
 For attention: Chief Financial Officer 
  
 with a copy to: 
 MultiChoice Africa (Pty) Ltd 
 75, Republic Road, Ferndale 
 Randburg PO Box 1502 
 Randburg 2125, South Africa 
 Attn: Chief Financial Officer. 

Telephone: +2711 289 3771 
 Facsimile: +2711 781 1884 

 
 No change of address shall be binding upon the other party hereto until written notice thereof is received by such party at the address shown herein.

  
 11.4    Assignment.    Subject to clause 1.1 above Licensee shall not transfer or assign
this Agreement or any of its rights or obligations hereunder, the Products or any component thereof, or any other materials provided hereunder, to any other person or entity without the prior written consent of OpenTV which consent shall not
unreasonably be withheld or delayed. Any such attempted assignment shall be void and of no effect. OpenTV may freely assign this Agreement, or delegate obligations under this Agreement, to its Affiliates provided that OpenTV, Inc. shall remain
liable for any breaches of obligations owing to Licensee hereunder, and such assignment shall not relieve OpenTV of its obligations hereunder unless Licensee agrees to so release OpenTV.  
  

11.5    Survival.    Sections 1.5, 1.8(c), 2, 4, 5.3, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, and Exhibit A, shall survive termination of this Agreement.

 
 10 

 11.6    Governing Law; Jurisdiction.    This Agreement and all matters relating to this Agreement
shall be construed in accordance with and controlled by the laws of New York, without reference to its conflict of law principles. The parties expressly exclude the applicability of the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods to
this Agreement. The parties agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of New York and hereby waive any objections to the jurisdiction and venue of such courts. 
  
 11.7    Attorneys’ Fees.    If either OpenTV or Licensee employs attorneys to enforce any rights arising out of or relating to this Agreement, the
prevailing party shall be entitled to seek its reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and other expenses. 
  
 11.8    No Agency; Independent Contractors.    In connection with this Agreement each party is an independent contractor and as such will not have any authority to bind or commit the
other. Furthermore, neither this Agreement, nor any terms and conditions contained herein, shall be construed as creating a partnership, joint venture or agency relationship or as granting a franchise. 
  
 11.9    Export Control.    Licensee acknowledges that the Products hereunder may be subject to restrictions on
export and re-export under United States export laws and regulations (including the U.S Export Administration Act and the Regulations). Without affecting any limitations on the scope of any license granted under this Agreement, Licensee hereby
assures that it will not (i) re-export or release the Product(s) to a national of another country requiring an export license or a license exception; or (ii) export a direct product of such software to those country groups designated by the U.S
Bureau of Export Administration as requiring an export license or a license exception. Licensee shall defend and indemnify OpenTV from and against any damages, fines, penalties, assessments, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable
attorneys’ fees and court costs) arising out of any claim that the Products or other information or materials provided by OpenTV hereunder were exported or otherwise shipped or transported in violation of such laws and regulations.

  
 11.10    Force Majeure.    Neither party shall be liable for failure to perform any of
its obligations under this Agreement (except payment obligations) during any period in which such party cannot perform due to fire, earthquake, flood, or other natural disaster, epidemic, accident, explosion, casualty, strike, lockout, labor
controversy, war, embargo, riot, civil disturbance, act of public enemy, act of God, or the intervention of any government authority, or any failure or delay of any transportation, power, or similar cause beyond either party’s control.

  
 11.11    Severability and Waiver.    To the extent that any term, condition or provision
of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or otherwise unenforceable under applicable law, then such term, condition or provision shall be deemed amended only to the extent necessary to render such term, condition or provision enforceable
under applicable law, preserving to the fullest extent possible the intent and agreements of the parties set forth herein; in the event that such term, condition or provision cannot be so amended as to be enforceable under applicable law, then such
term, condition or provision shall be deemed excluded from this Agreement and the other terms, conditions and provisions hereof shall remain in full force and effect as if such unenforceable term, condition or provision had not been included herein.
The failure of a party to prosecute its rights with respect to a default or breach hereunder shall not constitute a waiver of the right to enforce its rights with respect to the same or any other breach.  
  
 11.12    Entire Agreement; Amendment.    This Agreement and all Exhibits referred to herein embody the entire
understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and shall supersede all previous communications, representations or understandings, either oral or written, between the parties relating to the subject matter hereof. It shall
not be modified except by a written agreement signed on behalf of Licensee and OpenTV by their respective duly authorized representatives. Licensee acknowledges that it is entering into this Agreement solely on the basis of the agreements and
representations contained herein, and for its own purposes and not for the benefit of any third party. It is expressly agreed that the terms of this Agreement and its Exhibits shall supersede the terms in any purchase order or other ordering
document. 

 
 11 

 11.13    Exhibits.    Each Exhibit to this Agreement shall be governed by the terms of this
Agreement and the terms set forth therein. In the event of any inconsistency between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of the Exhibit, the terms of the Exhibit shall govern that Exhibit except as otherwise stated therein. 

 
 11.14    Headings.    Captions and headings contained in this Agreement have been included for ease of
reference and convenience and shall not be considered in interpreting or construing this Agreement. 
  
 11.15    General Release:    The parties hereto acknowledge the existence of Section 1542 of the Civil Code of the State of California, which reads as follows: 
  
 A general release does not extend to claims which the creditor does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of executing the
release, which if known by him must have materially affected settlement with the debtor. 
  
 11.16    Guaranty of
Provisions:    MIHL hereby unconditionally and irrevocably guarantees the prompt and punctual performance of all obligations of MCA under this Agreement, and the other agreements and documents contemplated by this Agreement
or entered into directly in connection with this Agreement. 
  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the
parties hereto, by their duly authorized representatives, have executed and delivered this Agreement. 
  
  
 
	 OPENTV, INC.
  
  
 	  	  	  	 MULTICHOICE AFRICA LIMITED
  
  
 
	 By:
 	 	 /s/    James J. Ackerman            
 
	  	 
	  	 By:
 	  	 /s/    Kim Reid             
 

	  	 	 Print Name: James J. Ackerman
 Print Title: Chief Financial Officer

Date: August 16, 2002
 	  	  	  	  	  	 Print Name: Kim Reid
 Print Title: Chief Executive Officer
 Date: 16 August 2002
 

 
  
 SIGNED at
                 this                  day of 2002 
  
 
	 Signed by
 	  	 )
 	  	  
	  	  	 )
 	  	  
	  	  	 )
 	  	 /s/    Allan Rosenzweig
 
	 on behalf of
 	  	 )
 	  	  
	 MIH LIMITED
 	  	 )
 	  	  

 
  
  
 
	 Exhibit A:
 	  	 Defined Terms
 
	 Exhibit B:
 	  	 OpenTV Enterprise and Network Solutions
 
	 Exhibit C:
 	  	 OPENTV Interactive Applications
 
	 Exhibit D:
 	  	 Maintenance and Support
 
	 Exhibit E:
 	  	 Fees
 

 

 
 12 

 EXHIBIT A 
  
 DEFINED TERMS 
  
 “Affiliates” shall mean any entity controlled by, under common control with
or controlling the relevant party. 
  
 “Approved Equipment” shall mean computer software and hardware
approved by OPENTV for use with the Products pursuant to the Documentation. 
  
 “Confidential
Information” shall refer to a party’s internal business, financial, and marketing information, and OPENTV’s technical documentation or information, including, but not limited to, all know-how, techniques, ideas,
principles and concepts which underlie any element of the Product and/or the Documentation and which may be apparent by use, testing or examination of them, or relating to the architecture, code (object or source), conceptual structure or internal
operation of the Product, and any other materials or information received from OPENTV which have been identified as confidential or proprietary by OPENTV. Confidential Information shall expressly include any and all
information derived from the foregoing Confidential Information. The terms contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to be Confidential Information. 
  
 “Documentation” means all documents, notes and drawings delivered by OPENTV to Licensee hereunder, which OPENTV designates as the final user guides or manuals in connection with
the installation or use of the Products. 
  
 “Enterprise Solutions Application Program Interfaces” means the
interfaces between (a) an Enterprise Solution Software Product’s server software components and Gadgets, and (b) the OPENTV developer tools product Gadgets for such OPENTV Enterprise Solution Software Product which
may be included in Interactive Applications. 
  
 “Enterprise Solutions Software” means the OPENTV
Products identified in the applicable Exhibit B as Enterprise Solutions Software that interfaces with Interactive Applications transmitted by Licensee to Receivers to (a) enhance such Interactive Applications by including additional content and data
in such Interactive Applications, (b) enable Licensee to receive data from Receivers through the use of such enhanced Interactive Applications by Subscribers, and (c) allows Licensee to manage the outflow, inflow and processing of the content and/or
data for such enhanced Interactive Applications. 
  
 “EOL” means the “end of life” of a Product as
described in Section 3.2 of this Agreement. 
  
 “Error” means an incident that OPENTV’s
investigation reveals is caused by the Product’s failure to perform in accordance with the specifications set forth in the Documentation save for failures which are of a trivial nature and that do not have an adverse effect on Licensee’s
use of the Product. An incident will not be classified as an Error if (a) the relevant Product is not used for its intended purpose or (b) the incident is caused by Licensee’s or a third party’s software or equipment. 

 
 “Gadgets” means a distinct function, feature, protocol or other application which performs a specific task, activity or
process in connection with an OpenTV Publisher API or Enterprise Solution API as such term is commonly used in the industry. 
  
 “Intellectual Property Right” means any patent, registered design, copyright, design right, topography right, trade mark, service mark, application to register any such rights, rights in the nature of any of
the aforementioned rights, trade secrets, rights in unpatented know-how, right of confidence and any other intellectual or industrial property rights of any kind whatsoever in any part of the world. 
  
 “Interactive Application” means a digital interactive television program or application, whether developed by OPENTV,
Licensee or a third party, which is either stored in a Receiver’s memory, or transmitted by Licensee to the Receiver and which relies on OPENTV Application Program Interface(s) to run on an OPENTV-enabled Receiver.
In addition to the foregoing, an Interactive Application may include an OPENTV developer tools 

 
 13 

 product Gadget which relies on the Enterprise Solution Application Program Interface(s) to enable the Interactive Application to utilize the
server software components and Gadgets of an Enterprise Solution product. 
  
 “ITV Application” means a digital
interactive television program or application, including but not limited to Interactive Application, whether developed by OPENTV, Licensee or a third party, which is either stored in a Receiver’s memory, transmitted by Licensee
to the Receiver or stored in a cable or DBS headend. In addition to the foregoing, an Interactive Application may include an OPENTV developer tools product Gadget which relies on the Enterprise Solution Application Program
Interface(s) to enable the Interactive Application to utilize the server software components and gadgets of an Enterprise Solution product. 
  
 “Licensee Content” means any information or publication owned, controlled, licensed, used, displayed or otherwise presented by Licensee. 
  
 “Licensee Data” means any content or data that Licensee provides in an Interactive Application. 
  
 “Licensee Features” means the look of the OpenTV Interactive Applications. As used herein, “look” means the composite and individual graphical features of the OpenTV
Interactive Applications, or portion of such OpenTV Interactive Application, as apparent to Subscribers, that are unique to Licensee, were created by or on behalf of Licensee and that are incorporated into the OpenTV Interactive Application at
Licensee’s request. 
  
 “OpenTV Interactive Application” means each Interactive Application licensed to
Licensee pursuant to Exhibit C to this Agreement. 
  
 “OpenTV Publisher Application Program Interface(s) or APIs”
means the interface between (a) the OPENTV Publisher product runtime and Gadgets, and (b) the OpenTV Publisher server product software components and Gadgets. 
  
 “OpenTV Publisher Interactive Application” means a digital interactive television program or application, whether developed by OPENTV, Licensee or a third party,
which is transmitted by Licensee to the Receiver and which rely on the OpenTV Publisher APIs to run on an OPENTV-enabled Receiver. 
  
 “OPENTV System” shall have the same meaning as set out in the MCAL NSA. OPENTV System does not include any OPENTV Interactive Applications. 
  
 “Publisher Service” means an output service-stream with a maximum total output bandwidth capacity of 1 mbps. The total maximum cumulative
capacity is as set out in number of Services as set out in Exhibit B-3. 
  
 “Product” means any
OPENTV software licensed and delivered to Licensee under the terms of this Agreement or any Exhibit thereto. The term “Product” shall not refer to any third party product. 
  
 “Receiver” means a digital integrated receiver decoder that (a) is, or through a flash download becomes, OPENTV-enabled;
(b) was supplied to Licensee, or to Subscribers, by an OPENTV licensed receiver manufacturer; and (c) receives, decodes and accesses programming and data signals transmitted by Licensee to individual Subscribers. Receivers may include
televisions and television set-top boxes. 
  
 “Subscriber” means any person who is a party to a subscription
contract with Licensee authorizing use of a Receiver or other device to receive and access video, audio and/or data services transmitted by such Licensee. 
  
 “Territory” means: 
  
 for MCAL: the continent of Africa and the
adjacent islands located in the Indian ocean being the Seychelles, Mauritius, the Comores, Reunion, Madagascar and Sao Toame, 
  
 for Multichoice Hellas SA: the countries of Greece and Cyprus, 
  
 for UBC: the country of Thailand.

 
 14 

 “Update” means a minor improvement to a current Product. An Update may include bug fixes or performance enhancements.

  
 “Upgrade” means a new version of a Product, which has been designated by OPENTV, in its sole
discretion, as an “Upgrade.” Upgrades may add new functionalities that are significant. 

 
 15 

  
 EXHIBIT B-1 
  

OPENTV ADVERTISE 
  
 The
rights and obligations contained in this Exhibit B-1 shall apply exclusively to the OPENTV Enterprise or Network Solution identified in this Exhibit B-1 and to no other OPENTV Enterprise or Network Solution.

  
 Capitalized terms shall have the meaning defined herein and in Exhibit A of the License Agreement for OPENTV Interactive Applications
and Enterprise and Network Solutions (the “Agreement”). 
  
 1.    Product Subject to this
Exhibit:      “OpenTV Advertise version 1.2” 
  
 2.    License
Grant.    OPENTV hereby grants to Licensee a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-assignable and non-sublicensable (subject to Section 1.1 of the Agreement) license during the Term of the Agreement to
use OpenTV Advertise, in machine readable object code form only and consistent with the specifications and limitations set forth in the Agreement, this Exhibit B-1 and/or the applicable Documentation, on the Approved Equipment solely for
Licensee’s own internal business operations to (a) enhance Interactive Applications transmitted by Licensee to Receivers by including additional content and data in such Interactive Applications, (b) receive data from Receivers through the use
of such enhanced Interactive Applications by the users of such Receivers, and (c) manage the outflow, inflow and processing of the content and/or data for such enhanced Interactive Applications. Licensee shall be permitted to make one copy of OpenTV
Advertise for archival and backup purposes in accordance with the terms of the Agreement. 
  
 3.    License
Fees  
  
 See Exhibit E. 
  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto, by their duly authorized representatives, have executed and delivered this Exhibit B-1of the Agreement. 

 
 
	 OPENTV, INC.
 	  	 MULTICHOICE AFRICA LIMITED
 
	 
	 By: /s/    James J. Ackerman
 	  	 By: /s/    Kim Reid
 
	 
	  	 

	 Print Name: James J. Ackerman
 	  	 Print Name: Kim Reid
 
	 Print Title: Chief Executive Officer
 	  	 Print Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
	 Date: August 16, 2002
 	  	 Date: 16 August 2002
 

 

 
 16 

  
 EXHIBIT B-2 
  

OPENTV ACCOUNT 
  
 The rights
and obligations contained in this Exhibit B-2 shall apply exclusively to the OPENTV Enterprise or Network Solution identified in this Exhibit B-2 and to no other OPENTV Enterprise or Network Solution. 

 
 Capitalized terms shall have the meaning defined herein and in Exhibit A of the License Agreement for OPENTV Interactive Applications and Enterprise
and Network Solutions (the “Agreement “). 
  
 1.    Product Subject to this
Exhibit:    “OpenTV Account version 1.1” 
  
 2.    License
Grant.    OPENTV hereby grants to Licensee a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-assignable and non-sublicensable (subject to Section 1.1 of the Agreement) license to use OpenTV Account during the
Term of the Agreement, in machine readable object code form only and consistent with the specifications and limitations set forth in the Agreement, this Exhibit B-2 and/or the applicable Documentation, on the Approved Equipment solely for
Licensee’s own internal business operations to (a) enhance Interactive Applications transmitted by Licensee to Receivers by including additional content and data in such Interactive Applications, (b) receive data from Receivers through the use
of such enhanced Interactive Applications by the users of such Receivers, and (c) manage the outflow, inflow and processing of the content and/or data for such enhanced Interactive Applications. Licensee shall be permitted to make one copy of OpenTV
Account for archival and backup purposes in accordance with the terms of the Agreement. 
  
 3.    License Fees
 
  
 See Exhibit E. 
  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto, by their duly authorized representatives, have executed and delivered this Exhibit B-2 of the Agreement.

  
 
	 OPENTV, INC.
 	  	 MULTICHOICE AFRICA LIMITED
 
	 
	 By: /s/    James J. Ackerman
 
	  	 By: /s/    Kim Reid
 

	 Print Name: James J. Ackerman
 	  	 Print Name: Kim Reid
 
	 Print Title: Chief Executive Officer
 	  	 Print Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
	 Date: August 16, 2002
 	  	 Date: 16 August 2002
 

 
  

 
 17 

  
 EXHIBIT B-3 
  

OPENTV PUBLISHER 
  
 The
rights and obligations contained in this Exhibit B-3 shall apply exclusively to the OPENTV Enterprise or Network Solution identified in this Exhibit B-3 and to no other OPENTV Enterprise or Network Solution.

  
 Capitalized terms shall have the meaning defined herein and in Exhibit A of the License Agreement for OPENTV Interactive Applications
and Enterprise and Network Solutions (the “Agreement”). 
  
 1.    Product Subject to this
Exhibit:    “OpenTV Publisher version 1.3” 
  
 2.    License
Grants.    This license is based on and limited to 10 Transact streams and 25 Publisher Services    (i.e. a maximum total cumulative bandwidth capacity of 25 Mbps per Territory. Licensee (or MCAL,
MultiChoice Hellas or UBC, as the case may be), may broadcast as many OpenTV Publisher Interactive Applications as it chooses within such total bandwidth of 25 Mbps for its specific Territory). Licensee, MCAL, MultiChoice Hellas and UBC shall each
have the right to duplicate and transmit the bouquet of OpenTV Publisher Interactive Applications applicable to their specific Territory over a maximum of 3 satellites covering their Territory provided that the bouquet transmitted on the 3
satellites in a particular Territory is the same or significantly similar. For the avoidance of doubt it is restated that, in no event shall Licensee and/or MCAL and/or MultiChoice Hellas and/or UBC, as the case may be, increase the number of
different OpenTV Publisher Interactive Applications transmitted over the three satellites within its Territory and within the above referenced maximum capacity of allowed Publisher Services. 
  

2.1    License to OpenTV Broadcast System Software    (OpenTV Publisher Version 1.37; Part number 02-750-40-01). Media: CD Rom, 1 copy.

  
 OPENTV hereby grants to Licensee a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-assignable and non-sublicensable
(subject to Section 1.1 of the Agreement) license to use OpenTV Publisher version 1.37 Broadcast System during the Term of the Agreement, in machine readable object code form only, and consistent with the specifications and limitations set forth in
the Agreement, this Exhibit B-3 and/or the applicable Documentation, on the Approved Equipment solely for Licensee’s own internal business operations to (a) use the Broadcast System Software and related Documentation for purposes of Licensee
developing, testing and demonstrating OPENTV Publisher Interactive Applications in a laboratory setting in accordance with the terms described herein; and (b) use the Broadcast System Software and related Documentation for the
purposes of Licensee transmitting OpenTV Publisher Interactive Applications in accordance with the provisions of the MCAL NSA to Licensee’s Subscribers. 
  
 2.2    License to Redundant System Software    (OPENTV Publisher Version 1.37 Broadcast Version—Redundant; Part number 02-750-40-90). Media: CD-ROM, 1 copy.

  
 OPENTV hereby grants to Licensee a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-assignable and non-sublicensable
(subject to Section 1.1 of the Agreement) license to use OpenTV Publisher version 1.37 Broadcast Version—Redundant during the Term of the Agreement, in machine readable object code form only, and consistent with the specifications and
limitations set forth in the Agreement, this Exhibit B-3 and/or the applicable Documentation, on the Approved Equipment solely for Licensee ‘s own internal business operations to use the OPENTV Publisher version 1.37 Broadcast
Version—Redundant for the purpose of Licensee transmitting OPENTV Publisher Interactive Applications in accordance with the provisions of the MCAL NSA to provide uninterrupted service to its Subscribers in the event the primary
server(s) fail to function properly. 
  
 2.3    License to the Test & Commissioning System
Software    (OPENTV Publisher Version 1.3 Test and Commissioning Version, Part number 02-756-40-01, which will form a complete Test and Commissioning 

 
 18 

 System with the OpenTV Streamer Test and Commissioning System currently licensed under the MCAL NSA [and subject to upgrade to OpenStreamer
2.0]). Media CD-ROM, 1 copy.). 
  
 OPENTV hereby grants to Licensee a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable,
non-assignable and non-sublicensable (subject to Section 1.1 of the Agreement) license to use OpenTV Publisher version 1.3 Test and Commissioning Version during the Term of the Agreement, in machine readable object code form only, and consistent
with the specifications and limitations set forth in the Agreement, this Exhibit B-3 and/or the applicable Documentation, on the Approved Equipment solely for Licensee’s own internal business operations to use the OpenTV Publisher version 1.3
Test and Commissioning Version and related Documentation for the purposes of Licensee developing, testing and demonstrating OPENTV Publisher Interactive Applications in a setting not involving a commercial deployment in accordance
with the terms described herein. 
  
 2.4    License to the OpenTV Publisher Developer
Software    (OpenTV Publisher 1.3 Developer’s Version Bundle, including the OpenTV Publisher 1.3 Developer’s version which includes the OpenTV Publisher Gadget development Kit and OpenTV Streamer 2.0
Developer’s Version 2.0, Part number 02-755-40-01). Media: CD-ROM, 11 copies. 
  
 OPENTV hereby grants to Licensee a
limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-assignable and non-sublicensable (subject to Section 1.1 of the Agreement and Section 4 below) license to use OpenTV Publisher version 1.3 Test Developer’s Version Bundle during the Term of the
Agreement, in machine readable object code form only, and consistent with the specifications and limitations set forth in the Agreement, this Exhibit B-3 and/or the applicable Documentation, on the Approved Equipment solely for Licensee’s own
internal business operations to use the OpenTV Publisher Developer Software and related Documentation for the purposes of Licensee developing, testing and demonstrating OPENTV Publisher Interactive Applications within Licensee’s
premises in accordance with the terms described herein. 
  
 2.5    License to the OpenTV Publisher for
Transactions    (OpenTV Publisher 1.3 for Transactions, Part number 02-760-40-01.) Media: CD-ROM, 1 copy. 
  
 OPENTV hereby grants to Licensee a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-assignable and non-sublicensable (subject to Section 1.1 of the Agreement) license to use OpenTV Publisher version 1.3 for Transactions
during the Term of the Agreement, in machine readable object code form only, and consistent with the specifications and limitations set forth in the Agreement, this Exhibit B-3 and/or the applicable Documentation, on the Approved Equipment solely
for Licensee’s own internal business operations to use the OpenTV Publisher version 1.3 for Transactions and related Documentation for the purposes of Licensee’s use of the return path and transaction Gadgets. 
  
 2.6    Archival Copies.    Licensee shall be permitted to make as many copies of the OpenTV Publisher Software and
related Documentation licensed under this Section 2 as reasonably necessary for archival and backup purposes in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Agreement provided however that such copies shall be deemed Confidential Information and
shall be kept within Licensee’s premises or premises of Licensee’s directly controlled subsidiaries and provided Licensee complies and has all its employees and/or consultants having access to such copies comply with the confidentiality
provisions set out herein. 
  
 3.    License Fees. 
  

See Exhibit E. 
  
 4.    Limited Sublicense Right. 
  

	 	(a)
	 
	In addition to the sub-license rights set out in Section 1.1 of the Agreement Licensee shall have the right with respect to the OpenTV Publisher Developer
Software only to sublicense the licensed rights set out in a) and b) of clause 2.4 above to MWeb Studios (Pty) Ltd. located at 100 Fairway Close, Parow 7463, Cape Town, South Africa (“M-Web”), provided however that (i) Licensee shall
coordinate performance of all duties and obligations of M-Web; (ii) Licensee shall have sole and full responsibility to satisfy all 
 

 
 19 

	 	
Licensee obligations in this Agreement and (iii) Licensee shall indemnify OpenTV and hold OpenTV fully harmless in respect thereof in accordance with this Agreement; 

  

	 	(b)
	 
	OpenTV agrees to license additional OpenTV Publisher Developer Software to Licensee’s third party developers Consumer Controlled Content Television BV and
MediaVerge Solutions (Pty) Ltd (“Third Party Developers”) at a fifteen percent (15%) discount from the then-current OpenTV standard price list, provided however that each such Third Party Developer shall enter into OpenTV’s standard
license agreement for such Publisher Development Software. Licensee may add additional Third Party Developers to this clause provided that (i) such Third Party Developers are located in the Territory and (ii) Licensee has obtained OpenTV’s
prior written consent, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld. 
 

  
 5.    Developed Gadgets
And ITV Applications 
  
 5.1    Ownership.    OpenTV shall own all rights, title and
interest in and to any Gadgets and iTV Applications, including software (source and object code) and including derivatives and improvements thereto (collectively, the “iTV Developments”), and including any and all patents and other
Intellectual Property Rights associated with the iTV Developments, (i) that are jointly developed by OpenTV and Licensee and/or any Sub-Licensee, and (ii) that are developed by OpenTV at Licensee’s request; provided that Licensee shall receive
from OpenTV a non-exclusive, royalty free, nontransferable (except for permitted Sublicensees as set forth in Section 1.1 of the Agreement), right and license to make, use and sell any Gadgets and iTV Applications in the Territory for so long as
Licensee continues paying for Maintenance and Support for the Products licensed under this Exhibit. In all other cases, with respect to any and all iTV Developments conceived, created, reduced to practice, or developed by Licensee, Licensee shall
provide to OpenTV the option of electing to pursue patent protection on each iTV Development by promptly delivering to OpenTV an “iTV Development Disclosure” (as defined below) according to the terms and conditions set forth in paragraph
5.2 below. OpenTV shall have thirty (30) days thereafter in which to evaluate the iTV Development Disclosure, determine whether or not to elect to pursue patent protection, and notify Licensee of its decision. If OpenTV declines to pursue patent
protection for the iTV Development, then Licensee shall retain sole and full ownership rights in the iTV Development; subject to the provisions set forth in paragraph 5.5. If OpenTV elects to pursue patent protection of the iTV Development, OpenTV
shall have sole and full ownership of the iTV Development, including any and all patents and other Intellectual Property Rights associated therewith; provided that Licensee shall receive from OpenTV a non-exclusive, royalty free, nontransferable
(except for permitted Sub-Licensees), right and license to make, use and sell any Gadgets and iTV Applications in the Territory for so long as Licensee continues paying for Maintenance and Support for the Products licensed under this Exhibit. In the
case of OpenTV ownership of an iTV Development, the fees and costs associated with obtaining patents and other Intellectual Property Rights including but not limited to the costs of preparing, filing and prosecuting applications and maintenance fees
shall be borne by OpenTV. 
  
 5.2    Licensee Disclosure Requirements.    The iTV
Development Disclosure means a written disclosure document describing in full, clear and exact terms the iTV Development, including a description of the field of the iTV Development, the problem solved by the iTV Development, a brief summary of the
iTV Development and a complete and detailed description of the iTV Development sufficient to allow one of ordinary skill in the iTV field to make and use the Development. The parties agree to treat the iTV Developments, the iTV Development
Disclosure, and all information associated therewith as Confidential Information. In the event that OpenTV has elected to pursue patent prosecution of an iTV Development within the 30 day period referred to in paragraph 5.1 above, then in addition
to the initial iTV Development Disclosure, Licensee further agrees to continue to deliver any and all details of the iTV Developments to OpenTV and will provide all relevant documentation in existence relating thereto, including, without limitation,
all relevant formulas, algorithms, specifications, programs, software (including source and object code), notes, plans, sketches, hardware configurations, processes, and prototypes. 
  

 
 20 

  
 5.3    Assignment of Rights.    With respect to the
provisions in paragraph 5.1 above which provide for ownership rights of the iTV Developments to OpenTV, to the extent that any ownership rights are deemed to vest with Licensee, Licensee hereby assigns, and shall cause its employees, advisors and
consultants to assign, all rights, title and interest in and to the iTV Developments, and to any and all patents and all other intellectual property rights associated therewith, and OpenTV shall have the right to register such patents and other
intellectual property rights in its own name as assignee. 
  
 5.4    Licensee Cooperation in Obtaining
Rights.    Licensee shall cooperate with OpenTV in obtaining and securing rights to the OpenTV owned iTV Developments. Licensee agrees to take all necessary action to protect the intellectual property rights related to the
iTV Developments including, but not limited to, not making any public dissemination, use, offer for sale or sale of the Gadgets and iTV Applications that could in any way jeopardize the validity and enforceability of the Intellectual Property Rights
associated therewith. 
  
 5.5    Covenant Not to Sue.    In all cases in which Licensee
retains ownership rights to iTV Developments, Licensee agrees as to itself and the Licensee Entities, that neither Licensee nor any other Licensee entity shall assert against the OpenTV Entities and the OpenTV Entities’ respective suppliers,
distributors, dealers, customers or licensees, any claim of patent infringement or violation of other Intellectual Property Rights based on the Licensee owned iTV Developments. OpenTV shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to bind all of its
licensees to the same or a similar provision in respect thereto. 
  
 6.    Licensee’s access to Updates
and Upgrades of the Software.    For as long as Licensee is covered by the Maintenance and Support contract as set out in Section 7 below, Licensee shall have access to free Updates of the Software. Licensee shall have access
to Upgrades of the Software, provided Licensee has paid a license fee equal to a price resulting from a fifteen percent (15%) reduction of the OpenTV then-current list price for such Upgrade. 
  

7.    Maintenance and Support 
  
 A flat fee of
US$139,200 per annum, payable in United States Dollars for maintenance and support services (provided both to the Licensee and to MCAL, MultiChoice Hellas, and UBC) related to the main Broadcast System Software and Redundant System Software, Test
& Commissioning Software and OpenTV Publisher Developer’s Kit licensed hereunder. The maintenance and support fee for the first year is payable form the date of successful integration and deployment of the Software. 
  
 8.    Software Integration, Installation and Acceptance 
  
 The integration, installation and acceptance process shall be defined in a separate Statement of Work under the existing Master Services Agreement between MCAL and OpenTV which Statement of Work shall
be signed simultaneously with this Agreement. 
  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the
parties hereto, by their duly authorized representatives, have executed and delivered this Exhibit B-3 of the Agreement. 
  
 
	 OpENTV, INC.
 	  	 MULTICHOICE AFRICA LIMITED
 
	 
	 By: /s/    James J. Ackerman
 	  	 By: /s/    Kim Reid
 
	 
	  	 

	 Print Name: James J. Ackerman
 	  	 Print Name: Kim Reid
 
	 Print Title: Chief Executive Officer
 	  	 Print Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
	 Date: August 16, 2002
 	  	 Date: 16 August 2002
 

 
  

 
 21 

  
 EXHIBIT C-1 
  

OPENTV INTERACTIVE APPLICATION—CHAT 
  
 The rights and obligations contained in this Exhibit C-1 shall apply exclusively to the OPENTV Interactive Application identified in this Exhibit C-1 and to no other
OPENTV Interactive Application. 
  
 Capitalized terms shall have the meaning defined herein and in Exhibit A of the License
Agreement for OPENTV Interactive Applications and Enterprise and Network Solutions (the “License Agreement”). 
  
 1.    Product Subject to this Exhibit:    “OpenTV Chat Application version 1.0.1” 
  
 2.    License Grant.    OPENTV hereby grants to Licensee a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-assignable and non-sublicensable license (subject
to Section 1.1 of the Agreement) during the Term of the Agreement, on the Approved Equipment solely for Licensee’s own internal business operations to use the OPENTV Chat Application, in machine readable object code form only and
consistent with the specifications and limitations set forth in the License Agreement, this Exhibit C-1 and/or the applicable Documentation, on the Approved Equipment in order to transmit the OPENTV Chat Application and data to
Receivers in the Territory and such in accordance with the MCAL NSA. 
  
 3.    License Fees  

 
 See Exhibit E. 
  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto, by their duly authorized representatives, have executed and delivered this Exhibit C-1 of the Agreement. 

 
 
	 OPENTV, INC.
 	  	 MULTICHOICE AFRICA LIMITED
 
	 
	 By: /s/    James J. Ackerman
 	  	 By: /s/    Kim Reid
 
	 
	  	 

	 Print Name: James J. Ackerman
 	  	 Print Name: Kim Reid
 
	 Print Title: Chief Executive Officer
 	  	 Print Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
	 Date: August 16, 2002
 	  	 Date: 16 August 2002
 

 

 
 22 

  
 EXHIBIT C-2 
  

OPENTV INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS—NEWS, SPORTS, WEATHER,
HOROSCOPE 
  
 The rights and obligations contained in this Exhibit C-2 shall apply exclusively to the
OPENTV Interactive Applications identified in this Exhibit C-2 and to no other OPENTV Interactive Application. 
  
 Capitalized terms shall have the meaning defined herein and in Exhibit A of the License Agreement for OPENTV Interactive Applications and Enterprise and Network Solutions (the “License Agreement”). 
  
 1.    Products Subject to this Exhibit: 
  
 OpenTV News Application version 1.0 
  
 OpenTV Sports Application
version 2.0.0 
  
 OpenTV Weather Application version 2.0 
  
 OpenTV Horoscope Application version 1.03 
  
 2.    License Grant.    OPENTV hereby grants to Licensee a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-assignable and non-sublicensable license (subject to Section 1.1
of the Agreement) during the Term of the Agreement, on the Approved Equipment solely for Licensee’s own internal business operations to use the above referenced OPENTV Application, in machine readable object code form only and
consistent with the specifications and limitations set forth in the License Agreement, this Exhibit C-2 and/or the applicable Documentation, on the Approved Equipment in order to transmit the above referenced OPENTV Applications and
data to Receivers in the Territory and such in accordance with the MCAL NSA. 
  
 3.    License Fees 

  
 See Exhibit E. 
  
 4.    Data.    Licensee shall be responsible for providing all content and data that are used in connection with the Products subject to this exhibit. 
  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto, by their duly authorized representatives, have
executed and delivered this Exhibit C-2 of the Agreement. 
  
 
	 OPENTV, INC.
 	  	 MULTICHOICE AFRICA LIMITED
 
	 
	 By: /s/    James J. Ackerman
 	  	 By: /s/    Kim Reid
 
	 
	  	 

	 Print Name: James J. Ackerman
 	  	 Print Name: Kim Reid
 
	 Print Title: Chief Executive Officer
 	  	 Print Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
	 Date: August 16, 2002
 	  	 Date: 16 August 2002
 

 

 
 23 

  
 EXHIBIT C-3 
  

THE PLAYJAM CHANNEL APPLICATIONS 
  
 The rights and obligations contained in this Exhibit C-3 shall apply exclusively to the OPENTV Interactive Applications identified in this Exhibit C-3 and to no other OPENTV Interactive Application.

  
 Capitalized terms shall have the meaning defined herein and in Exhibit A of the License Agreement for OPENTV Interactive Applications
and Enterprise Solutions (the “Agreement”). 
  
 1.     Products Subject to this Exhibit: 

 
 PlayJam Channel Applications: The PlayJam Channel Applications shall initially consist of 10 PlayJam branded digital interactive games (entitled
“Blackjack”, “Boogie Lights”, “Day Job”, “East End Arrows”, “Headfunk”, “Hit ‘n Hope”, “Lane 13”, “Nutz”, “Tapeworm” and “Thievin’
Monkeys”) and a PlayJam branded games menu and download screen (the “Channel Mosaic”). On the second, third and fourth anniversaries of the commencement of the license period Licensee shall have the option to have OpenTV deliver to
Licensee 5 (five) additional PlayJam-branded digital interactive games which shall thereafter form part of the Playjam Channel Applications. In the event that Licensee exercises this option, no additional fees are payable for such additional games,
and such games shall be mutually selected by Licensee and OpenTV from the then-existing library of games offered by OpenTV. 
  
 2.    License Grant  
  
 OPENTV hereby grants to Licensee a limited, non-exclusive,
non-transferable and non-sublicensable license (subject to Section 1.1 of the Agreement) during the Term to use the PlayJam Channel Application in order to transmit the PlayJam Channel Applications to Receivers and deploy the PlayJam Channel
Applications on the digital satellite television platform owned and operated by Licensee (“Licensee Platform”) in the Territory in accordance with the terms of the Agreement (and where applicable the MCAL NSA). 
  
 3.    License Period 
  
 Subject always to earlier termination in accordance with Section 5 of the License Agreement, the license period(s) for the PlayJam Channel Applications shall be 5 years from the date of commercial deployment. 
  

 
 24 

  
 4.    Deployment of the Commercially Deployed Channel 

 
 OPENTV shall, in addition to the Channel Mosaic, select a minimum of four games from all the digital interactive television games making up the
PlayJam Channel Applications to be deployed by the Licensee on the Licensee Platform at any one time, the initial selection of such games to be at OPENTV’s discretion (“Commercially Deployed Channel”). Thereafter, OPENTV may replace
and/or rotate such of the initial four games within the Commercially Deployed Channel with any of the remaining games within the PlayJam Channel Application subject to Licensee’s written approval (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld
or delayed). OPENTV agrees to have selected 
  

	 	–
	 
	all ten games within the PlayJam Channel Applications at some time during the initial two years of the license term; 
 

  

	 	–
	 
	all 5 additional games (provided by OpenTV to the Licensee on the second, third and fourth anniversaries of the commencement of the license) during each
subsequent 12-month period of the license, provided that Licensee has approved the same. 
 

  
 5.    License Fees 
  
 Licensee agrees to pay the license fees for the PlayJam Channel
Applications as set out in Exhibit E. 
  
 In addition Licensee shall pay to OpenTV 50% (fifty percent) of net revenue generated through the
PlayJam Channel Applications but excluding any revenue generated through core pay television subscription. For the purposes of this calculation net revenue shall be defined as all monies generated and actually received by Licensee and/or Sub
Licensees directly as a result of the revenue generating model specifically related to the PlayJam Channel Applications less direct costs associated with third party advertising commissions, agency fees, and costs associated with any premium rate
telephony provider. 
  
 6.    Customization and Integration Fees 
  
 Licensee shall pay a one time fee of one-hundred twenty five thousand dollars (US$125,000) for integration, general customization and any required localization
of the PlayJam Channel Applications for the MCAL Territory, such fee to be payable upon the earlier of acceptance by Licensee (in accordance with mutually agreed acceptance criteria) of the integration by OPENTV of the PlayJam Channel Applications
or Commercially Deployed Channel across each of the Licensee’s EN2 capable Receivers specified by Licensee (subject always to the overall maximum of 10 such Receivers and provided that Licensee has provided the development and consumer versions
of such Receivers as specified below) or deployment of the PlayJam Channel Application or Commercially Deployed Channel (as defined below) on the Licensee Platform. 
  
 Any sub-licensee, other than MCAL, sublicensed pursuant to clause 1.1 of the Agreement shall pay an integration fee of ten thousand dollars (US$10,000) per each type of EN2 capable Receiver deployed.
The fee payable by such sub-licensee for general customization and any required localization shall be negotiated and agreed at the time of the sub-license and shall be subject to a statement of work to be agreed between the parties. 

 
 7.    Content Update Fees 
  
 The standard content update fee for each English language Content Update per digital interactive game within the PlayJam Channel Applications shall be charged on a time and materials basis not to exceed five thousand dollars
(US$5,000) unless otherwise mutually agreed by Licensee and OpenTV, payable upon deployment of each Content Update on the Licensee Platform. Content Update is defined in this Exhibit C-3 as new and revised text content of those digital interactive
games within the PlayJam Channel Application consisting of word puzzles or containing quiz questions. OPENTV may, at its discretion, at any time during the license period suggest Content Updates and undertake such further Content Updates subject to
written approval by Licensee. 

 
 25 

 8.     Provision of Receivers. 
  
 Licensee shall, at Licensee’s cost, provide OPENTV with a minimum of 2 development Receivers and 2 consumer Receivers for each type of EN2 capable Receiver deployed in connection with the
Licensee's Platform it wishes integration to take place on (to an overall maximum of 10 such Receivers per Territory) within 21 days of execution of this Agreement. 
  
 9.    Integration. 
  
 OPENTV shall use all commercially
reasonable efforts to complete integration of the Commercially Deployed Channel on the Licensee Platform within three months of OPENTV's receipt of the requisite development and consumer versions of Licensee’s Receivers. Licensee shall use its
commercially reasonable efforts to deploy the Commercially Deployed Channel as soon as practicable after integration of the Commercially Deployed Channel. For the avoidance of doubt, in respect of the Licensee Territory, OPENTV shall deliver the
PlayJam Channel Application integrated upon the first of the Licensee’s EN2 capable Receivers (provided OPENTV has received the relevant development and consumer versions of such Receiver). Thereafter, OPENTV shall integrate the PlayJam Channel
Application across the remaining nine of the Licensee's EN2 capable Receivers (provided OPENTV has received the development and consumer versions of such Receivers in accordance with the above provisions). 
  
 10.    OPENTV/OPENTV Licensor's Logo.    Licensee shall retain (i) the PlayJam logo and trade and service marks
and (ii) the copyright notices of Static 2358 Limited (OPENTV’s licensor) in the PlayJam Channel Application at all times the PlayJam Channel Application is deployed on the Licensee Platform. Licensee agrees that all rights in such names, logo,
trade and service marks together with the goodwill generated by the deployment of the PlayJam Channel in the Territory shall be the exclusive property of OPENTV or OPENTV’s licensor and Licensee shall not acquire any rights therein.

  
 11.    Licensee Obligations: 
  

	 	(a)
	 
	Licensee acknowledges and agrees that, it is the owner and/or operator of the Licensee Platform; that it shall deploy the PlayJam Channel Applications on the
Licensee Platform in the Territory in accordance with the terms of this Exhibit C-3 and/or this Agreement; and that it shall obtain any broadcast clearances, licenses and consents required in relation thereto. 
 

 

	 	(b)
	 
	Licensee further acknowledges and agrees that it is responsible for ensuring that the content of the PlayJam Channel Applications complies with the applicable
laws, rules, regulatory codes, orders and directions enacted within the Territory relating to the content of the PlayJam Channel Applications or issued from time to time by any competent regulatory authority within the Territory. Licensee shall,
within 30 days of delivery of the PlayJam Channel Applications and within 5 working days of receipt of a Content Update, check and approve the content of the PlayJam Channel Applications as in compliance with all such applicable laws, rules,
regulatory codes orders and directions and shall notify OPENTV in writing of any changes required to be made to the PlayJam Channel Applications in order for the PlayJam Channel Application to so comply. If, subsequent to such approvals, the PlayJam
Channel Applications (or any part thereof) are found or reasonably believed to be in breach of any such laws, rules, regulatory codes orders and directions then the Licensee shall notify OPENTV in writing and OPENTV shall modify or edit the PlayJam
Channel Applications in accordance with Licensees reasonable instructions. Such modifications or edits may, at OPENTV’s discretion be charged to Licensee at cost by OPENTV. Licensee hereby indemnifies OPENTV for all costs, damages, expenses,
claims and losses incurred by OPENTV or OPENTV’s licensor (including reasonable legal fees) as a result of a breach by Licensee of this clause. 
 

  

	 	(c)
	 
	Licensee shall during the requisite license period deploy the Commercially Deployed Channel on the Licensee Platform and shall provide such uplink facilities
and bandwidth capacity as permits the Commercially Deployed Channel to be deployed effectively on the Licensee Platform at any one time. 
 

  

	 	(d)
	 
	Licensee understands and acknowledges that the PlayJam Channel Applications will be broadcast in the English language in the Licensee Territory. 

 
 26 

  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto, by their duly authorized representatives, have executed and delivered this Exhibit C-3 of the Agreement. 
  
 
	 OPENTV, INC.
 	  	 MULTICHOICE AFRICA LIMITED
 
	 
	 By: /s/    James J. Ackerman
 	  	 By: /s/    Kim Reid
 
	 
	  	 

	 Print Name: James J. Ackerman
 	  	 Print Name: Kim Reid
 
	 Print Title: Chief Executive Officer
 	  	 Print Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
	 Date: August 16, 2002
 	  	 Date: 16 August 2002
 

 

 
 27 

 Exhibit D 
  
 Maintenance and Support for the Products 
  
 1.    FEES; TERM
AND RENEWAL.    Provided Licensee has paid to OPENTV the applicable Maintenance and Support Fee as defined in Exhibit E, OPENTV shall provide the Maintenance and
Support Services (the “M&S”) set forth below for such Product during the Term of the Agreement. OPENTV shall have no obligation to provide the M&S to Licensee if (1) any fees relating to this Agreement are due
and unpaid thirty (30) days following written notice to Licensee of such fees due and unpaid; (2) the Products are used on any equipment other than OpenTV recommended equipment, or (3) Licensee uses or modifies such Products in breach of this
Agreement. 
  
 2.    ACCESS TO OPENTV.    For so
long as Licensee is timely in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement and these M&S Terms, OPENTV shall provide Licensee with access to free updates of the licensed Products hereunder and access to
OPENTV Technical Support staff via telephone, fax, or email, Monday through Friday, from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Local Greenwich Time (excluding designated OPENTV company holidays). No access to Upgrades of the licensed
Products are included as part of the M&S. 
  
 3.    REQUEST FOR
PROBLEM RESOLUTION; REPORTS.    All requests are logged and assigned a call reference number at which time OPENTV will perform an initial diagnosis and determine as
far as reasonably practical, the source of any problem which led to the help request. All service related calls are managed through OPENTV’s Call Management System. This system ensures each call has a designated owner who is
responsible for resolution of the issue. From this system OPENTV will provide Licensee with call reports. These reports will include details such as (a) total calls reported to OPENTV during the preceding period, (b)
total calls closed, (c) average time to close the call, and (d) progress report on outstanding calls. 
  
 4.    BUG FIXING AND COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ESCALATION PROCEDURES. 

 
 4.1    Bug Fixing.    OPENTV will investigate incident
reports concerning suspected problems with the Products provided that Licensee sends OPENTV a written report which includes evidence of the suspected error, and that the incident can be reproduced. OPENTV will use
commercially reasonable efforts to promptly correct the problem or provide a workaround to permit the Products to perform in conformance with its Documentation. Should a problem not be resolved quickly or for bugs that require further investigation
the following “Escalation Procedures” shall be invoked to ensure that the appropriate resources are made available to clear the problem. 
  
 4.2    Escalation Procedures.    An agreed action plan will be developed based upon the recommendation of OPENTV engineering team and
communicated to Licensee. When an escalated problem has been resolved, the call will be closed on the OPENTV call management system. A problem will not be considered resolved until one of the following activities has been completed:

  

	 	a)
	 
	A resolution to the problem is obtained to Licensee’s reasonable satisfaction. 
 

  

	 	b)
	 
	A code change in the form of a patch or a new revision that corrects the problem without causing additional problems has been delivered, successfully installed
and is working. 
 

  

	 	c)
	 
	A workaround is delivered and accepted by Licensee. 
 

  

	 	d)
	 
	An engineering commitment is made to correct the problem in a specific future release of the product. 
 

  

	 	e)
	 
	An official policy or position statement is issued by OPENTV that explains why OPENTV does not intend to take further action.

 

  
 4.3    Excluded
Services.    OPENTV shall not be obligated to fix any problem where the Product: 
  

	 	a)
	 
	is not used for its intended purpose; or 
 

  

	 	b)
	 
	has been altered, damaged, modified or incorporated into other software in a way not approved by OPENTV; or 
 

 

	 	c)
	 
	is a release that is no longer supported by OPENTV; or 
 

  

	 	d)
	 
	is caused by Licensee’s or a third party’s software or equipment or by Licensee’s negligence, abuse, misapplication, or use of the Product other
than as specified in the Documentation. 
 

 
 28 

 In the event fixing the problem would require changes to Licensee’s hardware then Licensee agrees that the costs of such changes to its
hardware will be borne entirely by Licensee. 
  
 Licensee acknowledges that if it requests OpenTV to add additional functionalities which
involve enhancing the feature-set of the Products beyond its specifications that this is not covered by its fixed annual maintenance and support fee and that in the event that OpenTV agrees to provide such additional functionalities, Licensee will
be charged on a time and materials basis. 
  
 If OPENTV reasonably determines that it has no obligation to fix the reported
incident for one of the reasons stated above, the parties may enter into a Services Agreement authorizing OPENTV to provide additional support services at OPENTV’s then-current consulting rates plus expenses.

  
 5.    ON-SITE ENGINEERING
RESPONSE.    If OPENTV is unable to reproduce a Critical problem within its internal support environment or is unable to resolve the problem remotely within a reasonable time period, then on
request by the Licensee OPENTV shall supply an engineer with the appropriate skill level to travel to Licensee’s site to investigate the problem and, if possible, provide a workaround or permanent solution. In such event OpenTV shall consult
with Licensee for the provision of such engineer. If both parties agree to have such engineer travel to Licensee’s site in order to resolve the problem then Licensee shall pay for such consulting services in accordance with OpenTV’s
then-current price list and all reasonable travel and lodging expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if in accordance with this section an OpenTV engineer travels to Licensee’s on site location in order to resolve the problem and determines
that as a result of the Critical Problem the Product fails to perform in accordance with the Documentation, then all related costs and expenses incurred in connection with remedying the Critical Problem shall be borne by OpenTV. Problems which are
not Critical will follow the formal escalation process described in Section 4 above. OPENTV will communicate with Licensee’s designated contacts and provide regular reports to Licensee of all activities undertaken to fix the
problem. Where necessary, OPENTV will obtain Licensee’s acceptance of a proposed solution prior to its implementation. For purposes of this section a Critical problem shall mean a problem whereby Licensee cannot transmit any
Interactive Application or where there is loss or corruption of data and/or there is no reasonable workaround. 
  
 6.    ACCESS TO OPENTV SUPPORT WEB PAGE.    OPENTV support web pages are
password protected. To control unauthorized access, the relevant information will be provided to the Licensee’s previously designated central contact person only. The OPENTV support web site typically provides product information relating to
bug fixes, patch releases, Frequently Asked Questions, beta programs and product announcements. Direct access to support for call reporting purposes, status updates et cetera will also be made available. 
  
 7.    MODIFICATIONS.    OpenTV may make modifications to the Products from time to time. Except for
the maintenance and support obligations described above, such modifications shall be solely at OpenTV discretion. So long as such modifications do not negatively affect the performance or functionality of the Product in any material respect, OpenTV
shall have the right to require that Licensee use such modifications as part of its ongoing license to the Products, and that Licensee refrain from using any software, or portions thereof, that are replaced by such modifications. 

 
  

 
 29 

  
 ATTACHMENT 1 TO EXHIBIT D

  
 SITES FOR MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT
SERVICES 
  
 SITES FOR MAINTENANCE AND
SUPPORT PLAN.    Upon payment of the appropriate Maintenance and Support fees in accordance with this Agreement, Licensee shall be entitled to receive OPENTV’S Maintenance and
Support Services provided by OPENTV for the following site(s): 
  
 A.    Primary Sites:

  
 
	         Address:
 	 	 75, Republic Road
 Randburg
 South Africa
 
	 
	         Technical Contact:
 	 	  

 
  
 And at the primary site of MultiChoice Hellas and UBC sublicensed
by MCA under clause 1.1 of the Agreement. 

 
 30

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