Document:

EX-10.1

 Exhibit 10.1 

AMENDED AND RESTATED 
 LOAN AND
SECURITY AGREEMENT 
 THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT is made and dated as of June 27, 2019 and is entered into
by and between X4 PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. a Delaware corporation (formerly known as Arsanis, Inc., the “Company”), and each of its Qualified Subsidiaries, including without limitation X4 THERAPEUTICS, INC. (formerly known as X4
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., “Therapeutics”) (hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Borrower”), the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties to this Agreement (collectively, referred
to as “Lender”) and HERCULES CAPITAL, INC., a Maryland corporation, in its capacity as administrative agent and collateral agent for itself and the Lender (in such capacity, the “Agent”). 

RECITALS 
 A.
Therapeutics, as Borrower, the Lenders party thereto and Agent entered into that certain Loan and Security Agreement , dated as of October 19, 2018 (as amended by that certain Amendment No. 1 to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of
December 11, 2018 “Original Agreement”); 
 B. Effective as of March 13, 2019, Therapeutics merged with and into the
Company’s wholly owned subsidiary known as Artemis AC Corp. and was the surviving corporation of the merger with Artemis AC Corp; 
 C.
The Company wishes to become a Borrower, and Borrower, Lender and Agent have now agreed to amend and restate the Original Agreement in its entirety, as set forth in this Agreement, without constituting a novation; 

D. Borrower has requested Lender to make available to Borrower a loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to Thirty-Five Million
($35,000,000.00) (the “Term Loan”); and 
 E. Lender is willing to make the Term Loan on the terms and conditions set forth in
this Agreement. 

 AGREEMENT 

NOW, THEREFORE, Borrower, Agent and Lender agree that the Original Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows: 

SECTION 1. DEFINITIONS AND RULES OF CONSTRUCTION 

1.1 Unless otherwise defined herein, the following capitalized terms shall have the following meanings: 

“Account Control Agreement(s)” means any agreement entered into by and among the Agent, Borrower and a third party Bank or other
institution (including a Securities Intermediary) in which Borrower maintains a Deposit Account or an account holding Investment Property and which perfects Agent’s first priority security interest in the subject account or accounts. 

“ACH Authorization” means the ACH Debit Authorization Agreement in substantially the form of Exhibit H, which account numbers shall
be redacted for security purposes if and when filed publicly by the Borrower. 
 “Advance(s)” means a Term Loan Advance. 

“Advance Date” means the funding date of any Advance. 

“Advance Request” means a request for an Advance submitted by Borrower to Agent in substantially the form of Exhibit A, which
account numbers shall be redacted for security purposes if and when filed publicly by the Borrower. 
 “Affiliate” means, with
respect to any person, (a) any Person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Person in question, (b) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding with power to vote
ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding voting securities of such Person, or (c) any Person ten percent (10%) or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held by such Person with power to
vote such securities. As used in the definition of “Affiliate,” the term “control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether
through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. 
 “Agent” has the meaning given to it in the preamble to this
Agreement. 
 “Agreement” means this Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, as amended from time to time. 

“Amortization Date” means February 1, 2022. 

“Anti-Corruption Laws” shall mean all laws, rules, and regulations of any jurisdiction applicable to Borrower or any of its
Affiliates from time to time concerning or relating to bribery or corruption, including without limitation the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the UK Bribery Act 2010 and other similar legislation in any other
jurisdictions. 
 “Anti-Terrorism Laws” means any laws, rules, regulations or orders
relating to terrorism or money laundering, including without limitation Executive Order No. 13224 (effective September 24, 2001), the USA PATRIOT Act, the laws comprising or implementing the Bank Secrecy Act, and the laws administered by
OFAC. 
 “Assignee” has the meaning given to it in Section 11.13. 

  
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 “Blocked Person” means any Person: (a) listed in the annex to, or is
otherwise subject to the provisions of, Executive Order No. 13224, (b) a Person owned or controlled by, or acting for or on behalf of, any Person that is listed in the annex to, or is otherwise subject to the provisions of, Executive Order
No. 13224, (c) a Person with which any Lender is prohibited from dealing or otherwise engaging in any transaction by any Anti-Terrorism Law, (d) a Person that commits, threatens or conspires to commit or supports “terrorism” as
defined in Executive Order No. 13224, or (e) a Person that is named a “specially designated national” or “blocked person” on the most current list published by OFAC or other similar list. 

“Borrower Products” means all products, software, service offerings, technical data or technology currently being designed,
manufactured or sold by Borrower or which Borrower intends to sell, license, or distribute in the future including any products or service offerings under development, collectively, together with all products, software, service offerings, technical
data or technology that have been sold, licensed or distributed by Borrower since its incorporation. 
 “Business Day” means any
day other than Saturday, Sunday and any other day on which banking institutions in the State of California or the Commonwealth of Massachusetts are closed for business. 

“Cash” means all cash, cash equivalents and liquid funds. 

“Change in Control” means any reorganization, recapitalization, consolidation or merger (or similar transaction or series of related
transactions) of the Company, or sale or exchange of outstanding shares (or similar transaction or series of related transactions) of Borrower, in each case in which the holders of the Company’s outstanding shares immediately before
consummation of such transaction or series of related transactions do not, immediately after consummation of such transaction or series of related transactions, retain shares representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting power of the
surviving entity of such transaction or series of related transactions (or the parent of such surviving entity if such surviving entity is wholly owned by such parent), in each case without regard to whether the Company is the surviving entity, or
in which the Company ceases to retain shares representing one hundred percent (100%) of the equity interests of X4 Therapeutics, Inc. 

“Charter” means Borrower’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended from time to time. 

“Claims” has the meaning given to it in Section 11.10. 

“Closing Date” means the date of this Agreement. 

“Collateral” means the property described in Section 3. 

“Common Stock” means the Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, of the Company. 

“Confidential Information” has the meaning given to it in Section 11.12. 

  
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 “Contingent Obligation” means, as applied to any Person, any direct or indirect
liability, contingent or otherwise, of that Person with respect to (i) any Indebtedness, dividend, letter of credit or other obligation of another, including any such obligation directly or indirectly guaranteed, endorsed, co-made or discounted or sold with recourse by that Person, or in respect of which that Person is otherwise directly or indirectly liable; (ii) any obligations with respect to undrawn letters of credit,
corporate credit cards or merchant services issued for the account of that Person; and (iii) all obligations arising under any interest rate, currency or commodity swap agreement, interest rate cap agreement, interest rate collar agreement, or
other agreement or arrangement designated to protect a Person against fluctuation in interest rates, currency exchange rates or commodity prices; provided, however, that the term “Contingent Obligation” shall not include endorsements for
collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business or guaranties of leases that do not constitute Indebtedness. The amount of any Contingent Obligation shall be deemed to be an amount equal to the stated or determined amount of the primary
obligation in respect of which such Contingent Obligation is made or, if not stated or determinable, the maximum reasonably anticipated liability in respect thereof as determined by such Person in good faith; provided, however, that such amount
shall not in any event exceed the maximum amount of the obligations under the guarantee or other support arrangement. 
 “Copyright
License” means any written agreement granting any right to use any Copyright or Copyright registration, now owned or hereafter acquired by Borrower or in which Borrower now holds or hereafter acquires any interest. 

“Copyrights” means all copyrights, whether registered or unregistered, held pursuant to the laws of the United States of
America, any State thereof, or of any other country. 
 “Deposit Accounts” means any “deposit accounts,” as such term is
defined in the UCC, and includes any checking account, savings account, or certificate of deposit. 
 “Domestic Subsidiary” means
any Subsidiary that is not a Foreign Subsidiary. 
 “Eligible Foreign Subsidiary” means any Foreign Subsidiary other than an
Excluded Subsidiary, whose execution of a Joinder Agreement could not result in a material adverse tax consequence to Borrower. 
 “End
of Term Charge” has the meaning given to it in Section 2.6(b). 
 “End of Term Charge I” has the meaning given to it in
Section 2.6(a). 
 “End of Term Charge II” has the meaning given to it in Section 2.6(b). 

“Equity Interests” means, with respect to any Person, the capital stock, partnership or limited liability company interest, or other
equity securities or equity ownership interests of such Person. 
 “ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. 
 “Event of Default” has the meaning given to it in Section 9.

  
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 “Excluded Account” means any “zero balance” deposit account or
securities account used exclusively for payroll, employee benefits or employee taxes, the funds of which shall not exceed the amount required to pay the next payroll or other relevant cycle, and identified to the Agent in writing by the Borrower as
such. 
 “Excluded Subsidiary” means Arsanis Biosciences GmbH. 

“Facility Charge” means (a) $125,000 (representing one-half percent (0.50%) of the maximum
amount of the Tranche 1 Term Loan), due on the Closing Date, and (b) upon each funding of any Advance under the Tranche 2 Term Loan, one-half percent (0.50%) of the amount of each such Advance drawn. 

“FFG” means the Austrian Research Promotion Agency, Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft GmbH. 

“FFG Agreement” means the agreement dated March 8, 2019 and entered into among FFG, the Company, Therapeutics, Artemis AC
Corp., a Delaware corporation (predecessor to Therapeutics), and the Excluded Subsidiary, as in effect as of the Closing Date and as amended from time to time, so long as such amendments do not impose obligations on Borrower that are more burdensome
than those in effect on the Closing Date. 
 “Financial Statements” has the meaning given to it in Section 7.1. 

“Foreign Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary other than a Subsidiary organized under the laws of any state within the United States of
America. 
 “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, as in effect from time to time.

 “Indebtedness” means indebtedness of any kind, including (a) all indebtedness for borrowed money or the deferred purchase
price of property or services (excluding trade credit entered into in the ordinary course of business due within ninety (90) days), including reimbursement and other obligations with respect to surety bonds and letters of credit, (b) all
obligations evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or similar instruments, (c) all capital lease obligations within the meaning of GAAP as in effect on the Closing Date, and (d) all Contingent Obligations; provided that Indebtedness shall
not include endorsements of checks or drafts arising in the ordinary course of business. 
 “Insolvency Proceeding” is any
proceeding by or against any Person under the United States Bankruptcy Code, or any other bankruptcy or insolvency law, including assignments for the benefit of creditors, compositions, extensions generally with its creditors, or proceedings seeking
reorganization, arrangement, or other similar relief. 
 “Intellectual Property” means all of Borrower’s Copyrights;
Trademarks; Patents; Licenses; trade secrets and inventions; mask works; Borrower’s applications therefor and reissues, extensions, or renewals thereof; and Borrower’s goodwill associated with any of the foregoing, together with
Borrower’s rights to sue for past, present and future infringement of Intellectual Property and the goodwill associated therewith. 

  
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 “Inventory” means “inventory” as defined in Article 9 of the UCC. 

“Investment” means any beneficial ownership (including stock, partnership or limited liability company interests) of or in any
Person, or any loan, advance or capital contribution to any Person or the acquisition of any asset of another Person not in the ordinary course of business. 

“Joinder Agreements” means for each Qualified Subsidiary, a completed and executed Joinder Agreement in substantially the form
attached hereto as Exhibit G. 
 “Lender” has the meaning given to it in the preamble to this Agreement. 

“License” means any Copyright License, Patent License, Trademark License or other license of rights or interests. 

“Lien” means any mortgage, deed of trust, pledge, hypothecation, assignment for security, security interest, encumbrance, levy, lien
or charge of any kind, whether voluntarily incurred or arising by operation of law or otherwise, against any property, any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, and any lease in the nature of a security interest. 

“Loan” means the Advances made under this Agreement. 

“Loan Documents” means this Agreement, the Notes (if any), the ACH Authorization, the Account Control Agreements, the Joinder
Agreements, all UCC Financing Statements, the Pledge Agreements, the Warrants issued in connection with the Original Agreement and any other documents executed in connection with the Secured Obligations or the transactions contemplated hereby, as
the same may from time to time be amended, modified, supplemented or restated. 
 “Material Adverse Effect” means a material
adverse effect upon: (i) the business, operations, properties, assets or financial condition of Borrower and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole; or (ii) the ability of Borrower to perform or pay the Secured Obligations in accordance with
the terms of the Loan Documents, or the ability of Agent or Lender to enforce any of its rights or remedies with respect to the Secured Obligations; or (iii) the Collateral or Agent’s Liens on the Collateral or the priority of such Liens.

 “Maximum Term Loan Amount” means Thirty-Five Million Dollars ($35,000,000.00). 

“Maximum Rate” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.3. 

“Non-Disclosure Agreement” means that certain Confidential Disclosure Agreement by and
between X4 Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Hercules Capital, Inc. dated as of August 14, 2018. 
 “Note(s)” means a Term Note. 

“OFAC” is the U.S. Department of Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control. 

  
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 “OFAC Lists” are, collectively, the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked
Persons List maintained by OFAC pursuant to Executive Order No. 13224, 66 Fed. Reg. 49079 (Sept. 25, 2001) and/or any other list of terrorists or other restricted Persons maintained pursuant to any of the rules and regulations of OFAC or
pursuant to any other applicable Executive Orders. 
 “Original Closing Date” means October 19, 2018. 

“Original Agreement” has the meaning given to it in the Recitals. 

“Participant Register” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 11.21. 

“Patent License” means any written agreement granting any right with respect to any invention on which a Patent is in existence or a
Patent application is pending, in which agreement Borrower now holds or hereafter acquires any interest. 
 “Patents” means all
letters patent of, or rights corresponding thereto, in the United States of America or in any other country, all registrations and recordings thereof, and all applications for letters patent of, or rights corresponding thereto, in the United States
of America or any other country. 
 “Permitted Acquisition” shall mean any acquisition (including by way of merger or exclusive in-licensing arrangements) by Borrower of all or substantially all of the assets of another Person, or of a division or line of business of another Person, or capital stock of another Person, in each case located
entirely within the United States of America, which is conducted in accordance with the following requirements: 
 (a) if such acquisition is
of a business or Person, such business or Person is engaged in a line of business similar or related to that of the Borrower or its Subsidiaries; 

(b) if such acquisition is structured as a stock acquisition, then the Person so acquired shall either (i) become a wholly-owned
Subsidiary of Borrower or of a Subsidiary and the Borrower shall comply, or cause such Subsidiary to comply, with 7.13 hereof or (ii) such Person shall be merged with and into Borrower (with the Borrower being the surviving entity); 

(c) if such acquisition is structured as the acquisition of assets, such assets shall be acquired by Borrower, and shall be free and clear of
Liens other than Permitted Liens; 
 (d) the Borrower shall have delivered to Lender not less than ten (10) nor more than forty five
(45) days prior to the date of such acquisition, notice of such acquisition together with pro forma projected financial information, copies of all material documents relating to such acquisition, and historical financial statements for such
acquired entity, division or line of business, in each case in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Lender and demonstrating compliance with the covenants set forth in Section 7 hereof on a pro forma basis as if the acquisition
occurred on the first day of the most recent measurement period; 
 (e) both immediately before and after such acquisition no Default or
Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing; and 

  
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 (f) the sum of the purchase price of such proposed new acquisition, computed on the basis of
total acquisition consideration paid or incurred, or to be paid or incurred (but excluding for such purpose any performance-based milestones, earn-outs, royalties or similar payments), by Borrower with respect thereto, including the amount of
Permitted Indebtedness assumed or to which such assets, businesses or business or ownership interest or shares, or any Person so acquired, is subject, shall not be greater than (i) $5,000,000 for any single acquisition or group of related
acquisitions or (ii) $5,000,000 for all such acquisitions during the term of the Loan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event Borrower draws a Tranche 2 Term Loan Advance in connection with financing a proposed acquisition, the proceeds of such
Tranche 2 Term Loan Advance may be used for such acquisition. 
 “Permitted Indebtedness” means: (i) Indebtedness of Borrower
in favor of Lender or Agent arising under this Agreement or any other Loan Document; (ii) Indebtedness existing on the Closing Date which is disclosed in Schedule 1A; (iii) Indebtedness of up to $1,000,000 outstanding at any time secured
by a Lien described in clause (vii) of the defined term “Permitted Liens,” provided such Indebtedness does not exceed the cost of the Equipment financed with such Indebtedness; (iv) Indebtedness to trade creditors incurred in the
ordinary course of business, and Indebtedness incurred in the ordinary course of business with corporate credit cards; (v) Indebtedness that also constitutes a Permitted Investment; (vi) Subordinated Indebtedness; (vii) reimbursement
obligations in connection with letters of credit that are secured by Cash and issued on behalf of the Borrower or a Subsidiary thereof in an amount not to exceed $400,000 at any time outstanding, (viii) other unsecured Indebtedness in a
principal amount not to exceed $300,000 at any time outstanding, (ix) intercompany Indebtedness as long as either (A) each of the Subsidiary obligor and the Subsidiary obligee under such Indebtedness is a Qualified Subsidiary that has
executed a Joinder Agreement and (x) extensions, amendments, restatements, refinancings and renewals of any items of Permitted Indebtedness, provided that the principal amount is not increased or the terms modified to impose materially more
burdensome terms upon Borrower or its Subsidiary, as the case may be. 
 “Permitted Investment” means: (i) Investments
existing on the Closing Date which are disclosed in Schedule 1B; (ii) (a) marketable direct obligations issued or unconditionally guaranteed by the United States of America or any agency or any State thereof maturing within one year from the
date of acquisition thereof currently having a rating of at least A-2 or P-2 from either Standard & Poor’s Corporation or Moody’s Investors Services,
(b) commercial paper maturing no more than one year from the date of creation thereof and currently having a rating of at least A-2 or P-2 from either
Standard & Poor’s Corporation or Moody’s Investors Service, (c) certificates of deposit issued by any bank with assets of at least $500,000,000 maturing no more than one year from the date of investment therein,
(d) money market accounts, and (e) Investments made pursuant to the investment policy guidelines of the Borrower in effect as of the Closing Date or amended guidelines as approved by Borrower’s Board of Directors;
(iii) repurchases of stock from current or former employees, directors, or consultants of Borrower under the terms of applicable repurchase agreements at the original issuance price of such securities in an aggregate amount not to exceed
$375,000 in any fiscal year, provided that no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would immediately result after giving effect to the repurchases; (iv) Investments consisting of the endorsement of negotiable instruments for
deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; (v) Investments accepted in connection with Permitted Transfers; (vi) Investments (including debt obligations)

  
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received in connection with the bankruptcy or reorganization of customers or suppliers and in settlement of delinquent obligations of, and other disputes with, customers or suppliers arising in
the ordinary course of Borrower’s business; (vii) Investments consisting of notes receivable of, or prepaid royalties and other credit extensions, to customers and suppliers who are not Affiliates, in the ordinary course of business,
provided that this subparagraph (vii) shall not apply to Investments of Borrower in any Subsidiary; (viii) Investments consisting of loans not involving the net transfer on a substantially contemporaneous basis of cash proceeds to
employees, officers or directors relating to the purchase of capital stock of Borrower pursuant to employee stock purchase plans or other similar agreements approved by Borrower’s Board of Directors; (ix) Investments consisting of travel
advances, employee relocation loans, and other employee loans and advances in the ordinary course of business in an aggregate amount not to exceed $375,000 in any fiscal year or $750,000 during the term hereof; (x) Investments in newly-formed
Domestic Subsidiaries, provided that each such Domestic Subsidiary other than one (1) Security Corporation enters into a Joinder Agreement promptly after its formation by Borrower and execute such other documents as shall be reasonably
requested by Agent; (xi) Investments in Foreign Subsidiaries approved in advance in writing by Agent; (xii) so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, Investments in the Excluded Subsidiary from time to time on an
ongoing basis, sufficient to permit the Excluded Subsidiary to operate and conduct its business in the ordinary course; provided, further, that an additional one-time Investment in the Excluded Subsidiary in
an amount equal to the outstanding Indebtedness under the FFG Agreement shall also be permitted so long as such amount is used solely for the repayment of the Indebtedness under the FFG Agreement pursuant to Section 7.14; (xiii) joint ventures
or strategic alliances in the ordinary course of Borrower’s business consisting of the licensing of technology, the development of technology or the providing of technical support, provided that any cash Investments by Borrower do not exceed
$750,000 in the aggregate in any fiscal year; (xiv) Investments in Permitted Acquisitions; (xv) Investments in one (1) Subsidiary qualifying as a “security corporation” under Massachusetts law (a “Security
Corporation”); and (xvi) additional Investments that do not exceed $500,000 in the aggregate. 
 “Permitted Liens” means
any and all of the following: (i) Liens in favor of Agent or Lender; (ii) Liens existing on the Closing Date which are disclosed in Schedule 1C; (iii) Liens for taxes, fees, assessments or other governmental charges or levies, either
not delinquent or being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings; provided, that Borrower maintains adequate reserves therefor in accordance with GAAP (to the extent required hereby); (iv) Liens securing claims or demands of
materialmen, artisans, mechanics, carriers, warehousemen, landlords and other like Persons arising in the ordinary course of Borrower’s business and imposed without action of such parties; provided, that the payment thereof is not yet required;
(v) Liens arising from judgments, decrees or attachments in circumstances which do not constitute an Event of Default hereunder; (vi) deposits to secure the performance of obligations not to exceed $200,000 in the aggregate, and the
following deposits, to the extent made in the ordinary course of business: deposits under worker’s compensation, unemployment insurance, social security and other similar laws, or to secure the performance of bids, tenders or contracts (other
than for the repayment of borrowed money) or to secure indemnity, performance or other similar bonds for the performance of bids, tenders or contracts (other than for the repayment of borrowed money) or to secure statutory obligations (other than
Liens arising under ERISA or environmental Liens) or surety or appeal bonds, or to secure indemnity, performance or other similar bonds; (vii) Liens on Equipment or software or other intellectual property constituting purchase money Liens and

  
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Liens in connection with capital leases securing Indebtedness permitted in clause (iii) of “Permitted Indebtedness”; (viii) Liens incurred in connection with Subordinated
Indebtedness; (ix) leasehold interests in leases or subleases and licenses or sublicenses granted in the ordinary course of business and not interfering in any material respect with the business of the lessor licensor, as applicable;
(x) Liens in favor of customs and revenue authorities arising as a matter of law to secure payment of custom duties that are promptly paid on or before the date they become due; (xi) Liens on insurance proceeds securing the payment of
financed insurance premiums that are promptly paid on or before the date they become due (provided that such Liens extend only to such insurance proceeds and not to any other property or assets); (xii) statutory and common law rights of set-off and other similar rights as to deposits of cash and securities in favor of banks, other depository institutions and brokerage firms; (xiii) easements, zoning restrictions,
rights-of-way and similar encumbrances on real property imposed by law or arising in the ordinary course of business so long as they do not materially impair the value
or marketability of the related property; (xiv) (A) Liens on Cash securing obligations permitted under clause (vii) of the definition of Permitted Indebtedness and (B) security deposits in connection with real property leases, the
combination of (A) and (B) in an aggregate amount not to exceed $750,000 at any time; (xv) Liens incurred in connection with the extension, renewal or refinancing of the Indebtedness secured by Liens of the type described in
clauses (i) through (xi) above; provided, that any extension, renewal or replacement Lien shall be limited to the property encumbered by the existing Lien and the principal amount of the Indebtedness being extended, renewed, refinanced,
modified, amended, restated or amended and restated (as may have been reduced by any payment thereon) does not increase; (xvi) Liens in connection with “precautionary filings” in connection with operating leases of the Equipment that
is the subject of such leases; provided that such Liens and collateral descriptions in such precautionary filings are limited to such specific operating leases and not all assets or substantially all assets of the Borrower or any Subsidiary; and
(xvii) other Liens securing obligations not to exceed the principal amount of $500,000 outstanding at any time. 
 “Permitted
Transfers” means (i) sales of Inventory in the ordinary course of business, (ii) non-exclusive outbound licenses and similar arrangements for the use of Intellectual Property in the ordinary
course of business, (iii) exclusive licenses for the use of the Intellectual Property of Borrower or Borrower Products in the field of Immuno-Oncology entered into the ordinary course of business provided that each such license constitutes an
arms-length transaction, that could not result in a legal transfer of title of the licensed property, and so long as after giving effect to each such non-exclusive or exclusive license, Borrower and its
Subsidiaries retain sufficient rights to use or benefit from the subject Intellectual Property as to enable them to conduct their business in the ordinary course, (iv) dispositions of worn-out, obsolete
or surplus Equipment at fair market value in the ordinary course of business, (v) transfers consisting of Permitted Investments or Permitted Liens, (vi) transfers of Cash in the ordinary course of business to the extent not otherwise
inconsistent with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and (vii) other Transfers of assets having a fair market value of not more than $500,000 in the aggregate in any fiscal year. 

“Person” means any individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, joint venture, trust, unincorporated organization, association,
corporation, limited liability company, institution, other entity or government. 

  
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 “Pledge Agreements” means the Amended and Restated Pledge Agreement dated as of
the Closing Date between Therapeutics and Agent, as the same may from time to time be amended, restated, modified, assumed or otherwise supplemented, and the Pledge Agreement dated as of the Closing Date between the Company and Agent, as the same
may from time to time be amended, restated, modified, assumed or otherwise supplemented. 
 “Prepayment Charge” shall have the
meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.5. 
 “Qualified Subsidiary” means any direct or indirect Domestic Subsidiary
(other than one (1) Security Corporation) or Eligible Foreign Subsidiary. 
 “Receivables” means (i) all of
Borrower’s Accounts, Instruments, Documents, Chattel Paper, Supporting Obligations, letters of credit, proceeds of any letter of credit, and Letter of Credit Rights, and (ii) all customer lists, software, and business records related
thereto. 
 “Register” has the meaning specified in Section 11.7. 

“Required Lenders” means at any time, the holders of more than 50% of the aggregate unpaid principal amount of the Term Loans then
outstanding. 
 “Sanctioned Country” shall mean, at any time, a country or territory which is the subject or target of any
Sanctions. 
 “Sanctioned Person” shall mean, at any time, (a) any Person listed in any Sanctions-related list of designated
Persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the U.S. Department of State, or by the United Nations Security Council, the European Union or any EU member state, (b) any Person operating,
organized or resident in a Sanctioned Country or (c) any Person controlled by any such Person. 
 “Sanctions” shall mean
economic or financial sanctions or trade embargoes imposed, administered or enforced from time to time by (a) the U.S. government, including those administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury or
the U.S. Department of State, or (b) the United Nations Security Council, the European Union or Her Majesty’s Treasury of the United Kingdom. 

“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, or any successor thereto. 

“Secured Obligations” means Borrower’s obligations under this Agreement and any Loan Document (other than the Warrants),
including without limitation the Pledge Agreements, and including any obligation to pay any amount now owing or later arising. 

“Subordinated Indebtedness” means Indebtedness subordinated to the Secured Obligations in amounts and on terms and conditions
satisfactory to Agent in its sole discretion and subject to a written subordination agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Agent in its sole discretion. 

  
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 “Subsequent Financing” means the closing by the Company after the Closing Date of
the issuance and sale of the Company’s equity securities for cash solely for financing purposes in an offering broadly marketed to multiple investors, which shall not include the issuance and sale by the Company of its equity securities
(i) pursuant to benefit plans or arrangements, including under the Company’s equity incentive plans or otherwise as equity compensation, (ii) as dividends or distributions or upon stock splits, recapitalizations or similar
transactions, (iii) pursuant to a merger, consolidation, acquisition, strategic alliance or similar business combination or acquisition, (iv) to banks, equipment or real property lessors or other financial institutions pursuant to a non-convertible debt financing, equipment lease, bank credit arrangement or commercial leasing transaction entered into for primarily non-equity financing purposes,
(v) in connection with strategic transactions, including (A) joint ventures, manufacturing, marketing, OEM, sponsored research, collaboration or distribution arrangements or (B) technology transfer or development arrangements,
(vi) securities issued or issuable to suppliers or third party service providers in connection with the provision of goods or services, (vii) in an
at-the-market (ATM) offering, (viii) securities issued to acquire any security convertible into the securities excluded from the definition of Subsequent Financing
pursuant to clause (i) through (vii) above and (ix) securities issued in connection with options, warrants, convertible securities or other arrangement in existence on the Closing Date or issued in transactions excluded from the definition
of Subsequent Financing pursuant to clause (i) through (viii) above; provided, however, that, if the Company or its agents attempts to “wall-cross” the Lender or its assignee or nominee in conjunction with any Subsequent
Financing and the Lender or its assignee or nominee declines to be “wall-crossed,” then the issuance and sale of such equity securities shall not be considered a Subsequent Financing hereunder. 

“Subsidiary” means an entity, whether corporate, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture or otherwise, in which
Borrower owns or controls 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities, including each entity listed on Schedule 1 hereto. 
 “Term
Commitment” means as to any Lender, the obligation of such Lender, if any, to make a Term Loan Advance to the Borrower in a principal amount not to exceed the amount set forth under the heading “Term Commitment” opposite such
Lender’s name on Schedule 1.1. 
 “Term Loan Advance” means a Tranche 1 Term Loan Advance, Tranche 2 Term Loan Advance and
any other Term Loan funds advanced under this Agreement. 
 “Term Loan Interest Rate” means for any day a per annum rate of
interest equal to the greater of either (i) 8.75% plus the prime rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal minus 6.00%, and (ii) 8.75%. 

“Term Loan Maturity Date” means July 1, 2023. 

“Term Note” means a Promissory Note in substantially the form of Exhibit B. 

“Trademark License” means any written agreement granting any right to use any Trademark or Trademark registration, now owned or
hereafter acquired by Borrower or in which Borrower now holds or hereafter acquires any interest. 

  
 12 

 “Trademarks” means all trademarks (registered, common law or otherwise) and any
applications in connection therewith, including registrations, recordings and applications in the United States Patent and Trademark Office or in any similar office or agency of the United States of America, any State thereof or any other country or
any political subdivision thereof. 
 “Tranche 1 Term Loan” means a loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to Twenty-Five
Million Dollars ($25,000,000). 
 “Tranche 1 Term Loan Advance” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.2(a)(i).

 “Tranche 1A Term Loan Advance” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.2(a)(i). 

“Tranche 1B Term Loan Advance” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.2(a)(i). 

“Tranche 2 Term Loan” means a loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to Ten Million Dollars ($10,000,000). 

“Tranche 2 Term Loan Advance” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.2(a)(ii). 

“UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as the same is, from time to time, in effect in the State of California; provided, that in
the event that, by reason of mandatory provisions of law, any or all of the attachment, perfection or priority of, or remedies with respect to, Agent’s Lien on any Collateral is governed by the Uniform Commercial Code as the same is, from time
to time, in effect in a jurisdiction other than the State of California, then the term “UCC” shall mean the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect, from time to time, in such other jurisdiction solely for purposes of the provisions thereof
relating to such attachment, perfection, priority or remedies and for purposes of definitions related to such provisions. 

“Warrants” means that certain Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement dated as of March 29, 2019 and that certain Warrant
Agreement dated as of March 18, 2019, entered into by the Company in connection with the Original Agreement, as such agreements may be amended, restated or modified from time to time. 

Unless otherwise specified, all references in this Agreement or any Annex or Schedule hereto to a “Section,” “subsection,”
“Exhibit,” “Annex,” or “Schedule” shall refer to the corresponding Section, subsection, Exhibit, Annex, or Schedule in or to this Agreement. Unless otherwise specifically provided herein, any accounting term used in
this Agreement or the other Loan Documents shall have the meaning customarily given such term in accordance with GAAP, and all financial computations hereunder shall be computed in accordance with GAAP, consistently applied. Unless otherwise defined
herein or in the other Loan Documents, terms that are used herein or in the other Loan Documents and defined in the UCC shall have the meanings given to them in the UCC. 

  
 13 

 SECTION 2. THE LOAN 

2.1 [Intentionally omitted.] 

2.2 Term Loan. 

(a) Advances. 

(i) Tranche 1 Term Loan Advances. Pursuant to the Original Agreement, the Lenders party thereto extended “Term Loans”
(under and as defined in the Original Agreement) (the “Original Term Loans”) to Borrower in the original aggregate principal amount of $10,000,000. Borrower acknowledges and agrees that, as of the Closing Date, $10,000,000 (the
“Conversion Balance”) of the principal amount of the Original Term Loans remains outstanding and such entire outstanding principal balance shall for all purposes hereunder be deemed to constitute and be referred to, and hereby is converted
into, a Tranche 1 Term Loan Advance in like amount hereunder, without constituting a novation, and shall be deemed an Advance on the Closing Date for purposes of this Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Lender will
severally (and not jointly) make in an amount not to exceed its respective Term Commitment, and Borrower agrees to draw, a Term Loan Advance of at least $20,000,000 (the “Tranche 1A Term Loan Advance”) inclusive of the Conversion Balance
on the Closing Date. Beginning on the Closing Date and continuing through December 15, 2020, Borrower may request, and Lender will severally (and not jointly) make in an amount not to exceed its respective Term Commitment, additional Term Loan
Advances in an aggregate principal amount up to $5,000,000, in minimum increments of $2,500,000, or if the undrawn amount of the Tranche 1 Term Loan is less than $2,500,000, such lesser amount (each, a “Tranche 1B Term Loan Advance” and,
together with the “Tranche 1A Term Loan Advance”, the “Tranche 1 Term Loan Advances”). (For clarification purposes and avoidance of doubt, by way of example, if $20,000,000 inclusive of the Conversion Balance is drawn on the
Closing Date, only an additional $5,000,000 can thereafter be drawn on or before December 15, 2020, for a total Tranche 1 Term Loan amount of up to $25,000,000.). 

(ii) Tranche 2 Term Loan Advances. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, beginning on the Closing Date and
continuing through June 15, 2022, subject to approval by Lender’s investment committee in its sole discretion, Borrower may request and Lender will make Term Loan Advances in an aggregate amount up to $10,000,000, in minimum increments of
$5,000,000, or if the undrawn amount of the Tranche 2 Term Loan is less than $5,000,000, such lesser amount (each, a “Tranche 2 Term Loan Advance”). 

Subject to the terms above, the aggregate outstanding Term Loan Advances may be up to the Maximum Term Loan Amount. 

(b) Advance Request. To obtain a Term Loan Advance, Borrower shall complete, sign and deliver an Advance Request (at least
three (3) Business Days before the Advance Date other than with respect to the Tranche 1A Term Loan Advance, which shall be at least one (1) Business Day prior to the Closing Date) to Agent. Lender shall fund the Term Loan Advance in the
manner requested by the Advance Request provided that each of the conditions precedent to such Term Loan Advance is satisfied as of the requested Advance Date. 

  
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 (c) Term Loan Interest Rate. The principal balance of each Term Loan Advance
shall bear interest thereon from such Advance Date at the Term Loan Interest Rate based on a year consisting of 360 days, with interest computed daily based on the actual number of days elapsed. The Term Loan Interest Rate will float and change on
the day the prime rate changes from time to time. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the outstanding principal balance of the Original Term Loans shall have accrued interest at the “Term Loan Interest Rate” under
the Original Agreement through the date immediately preceding the Closing Date, and any such accrued but unpaid interest shall be due and payable on the next scheduled interest payment date following the Closing Date pursuant to Section 2.2(d).

 (d) Payment. Borrower will pay interest on each Term Loan Advance on the first Business Day of each month, beginning the
month after the corresponding Advance Date. Borrower shall repay the aggregate Term Loan principal balance that is outstanding on the day immediately preceding the Amortization Date, in equal monthly installments of principal and interest (mortgage
style) beginning on the Amortization Date and continuing on the first Business Day of each month thereafter until the Secured Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations and other obligations that are stated to survive termination of this
Agreement) are repaid. The entire Term Loan principal balance and all accrued but unpaid interest hereunder, shall be due and payable on Term Loan Maturity Date. Borrower shall make all payments under this Agreement without setoff, recoupment or
deduction and regardless of any counterclaim or defense. Lender will initiate debit entries to the Borrower’s account as authorized on the ACH Authorization (i) on each payment date of all periodic obligations payable to Lender under each
Term Advance and (ii) reasonable and documented out-of-pocket legal fees and costs incurred by Agent or Lender in connection with Section 11.11 of this
Agreement; provided that, with respect to clause (i) above, in the event that Lender or Agent informs Borrower that Lender will not initiate a debit entry to Borrower’s account for a certain amount of the periodic obligations due on a
specific payment date, Borrower shall pay to Lender such amount of periodic obligations in full in immediately available funds on such payment date; provided, further, that, with respect to clause (i) above, if Lender or Agent informs Borrower
that Lender will not initiate a debit entry as described above later than the date that is three (3) Business Days prior to such payment date, Borrower shall pay to Lender such amount of periodic obligations in full in immediately available
funds on the date that is three (3) Business Days after the date on which Lender or Agent notifies Borrower of such; provided, further, that, with respect to clause (ii) above, in the event that Lender or Agent informs Borrower that Lender
will not initiate a debit entry to Borrower’s account for certain amount of such out-of-pocket legal fees and costs incurred by Agent or Lender, Borrower shall pay
to Lender such amount in full in immediately available funds within three (3) Business Days. 

  
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 2.3 Maximum Interest. Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement or any
other Loan Document, it is the parties’ intent not to contract for, charge or receive interest at a rate that is greater than the maximum rate permissible by law that a court of competent jurisdiction shall deem applicable hereto (which under
the laws of the State of California shall be deemed to be the laws relating to permissible rates of interest on commercial loans) (the “Maximum Rate”). If a court of competent jurisdiction shall finally determine that Borrower has actually
paid to Lender an amount of interest in excess of the amount that would have been payable if all of the Secured Obligations had at all times borne interest at the Maximum Rate, then such excess interest actually paid by Borrower shall be applied as
follows: first, to the payment of the Secured Obligations consisting of the outstanding principal; second, after all principal is repaid, to the payment of Lender’s accrued interest, costs, expenses, professional fees and any other Secured
Obligations permitted under this Agreement; and third, after all Secured Obligations are repaid, the excess (if any) shall be refunded to Borrower. 

2.4 Default Interest. In the event any payment is not paid on the scheduled payment date, an amount equal to four percent (4%)
of the past due amount shall be payable on demand. In addition, upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default hereunder, all unpaid Secured Obligations, including principal, interest, compounded interest, and professional
fees, shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the rate set forth in 2.2(c), plus four percent (4%) per annum. In the event any interest is not paid when due hereunder, delinquent interest shall be added to principal and shall bear interest
on interest, compounded at the rate set forth in 2.2(c) or Section 2.4, as applicable. 
 2.5 Prepayment. At its option
upon at least seven (7) Business Days prior written notice to Agent (or such shorter notice period as agreed by Agent in its discretion), Borrower may prepay all, but not less than all, of the outstanding Advances by paying the entire principal
balance, all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, together with a prepayment charge equal to the following percentage of the Advance amount being prepaid: if such prepayment is made (a) during any of the first twelve (12) months following
the Closing Date, 2.0%; (b) after twelve (12) months but prior to twenty four (24) months following the Closing Date, 1.0%; and (c) after twenty four (24) months following the Closing Date, but prior to the Term Loan Maturity
Date, 0.5% (each, a “Prepayment Charge”). Borrower agrees that the Prepayment Charge is a reasonable calculation of Lender’s lost profits in view of the difficulties and impracticality of determining actual damages resulting from an
early repayment of the Advances. Borrower shall prepay the outstanding amount of all principal and accrued interest through the prepayment date and the Prepayment Charge upon the occurrence of a Change in Control. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
Agent and Lender agree to waive the Prepayment Charge if Agent and Lender (in its sole and absolute discretion) agree in writing to refinance the Advances prior to the Term Loan Maturity Date. 

  
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 2.6 End of Term Charges. 

(a) On the earliest to occur of (i) November 1, 2021, (ii) the date that Borrower prepays the outstanding Secured
Obligations (other than any inchoate indemnity obligations and any other obligations which, by their terms, are to survive the termination of this Agreement) in full, or (iii) the date that the Secured Obligations become due and payable,
Borrower shall pay Lender a charge of $795,000 in connection with the Original Term Loans (“End of Term Charge I”). Notwithstanding the required payment date of the End of Term Charge I, it shall be deemed earned by Lender as of
October 19, 2018. 
 (b) On the earliest to occur of (i) the Term Loan Maturity Date, (ii) the date that
Borrower prepays the outstanding Secured Obligations (other than any inchoate indemnity obligations and any other obligations which, by their terms, are to survive the termination of this Agreement) in full, or (iii) the date that the Secured
Obligations become due and payable, Borrower shall pay Lender a charge in the amount of 4.0% of the aggregate Term Loan Advances drawn hereunder (“End of Term Charge II” and together with “End of Term Charge I”, collectively, the
“End of Term Charge”). Notwithstanding the required payment date of the End of Term Charge II, the applicable pro rata portion of the End of Term Charge II shall be deemed earned by Lender as of each date a Term Loan Advance is made. 

2.7 Notes. If so requested by Lender by written notice to Borrower, then Borrower shall execute and deliver to Lender (and/or,
if applicable and if so specified in such notice, to any Person who is an assignee of Lender pursuant to Section 11.13) (promptly after the Borrower’s receipt of such notice) a Note or Notes to evidence Lender’s Loans. 

2.8 Pro Rata Treatment. Each payment (including prepayment) on account of any fee and any reduction of the Term Loans shall be
made pro rata according to the Term Commitments of the relevant Lender. 
 2.9 Treatment of Prepayment Charge and End of Term
Charge. Borrower agrees that any Prepayment Charge and any End of Term Charge payable shall be presumed to be the liquidated damages sustained by each Lender as the result of the early termination, and Borrower agrees that it is reasonable under the
circumstances currently existing and existing as of the Closing Date. The Prepayment Charge and the End of Term Charge shall also be payable in the event the Secured Obligations (and/or this Agreement) are satisfied or released by foreclosure
(whether by power of judicial proceeding), deed in lieu of foreclosure, or by any other means. Borrower expressly waives (to the fullest extent it may lawfully do so) the provisions of any present or future statute or law that prohibits or may
prohibit the collection of the foregoing Prepayment Charge and End of Term Charge in connection with any such acceleration. Borrower agrees (to the fullest extent that each may lawfully do so): (a) each of the Prepayment Charge and the End of Term
Charge is reasonable and is the product of an arm’s length transaction between sophisticated business people, ably represented by counsel; (b) each of the Prepayment Charge and the End of Term Charge shall be payable notwithstanding the
then prevailing market rates at the time payment is made; (c) there has been a course of conduct between the Lenders and Borrower giving specific consideration in this transaction for such agreement to pay the Prepayment Charge and the End of
Term Charge as a charge (and not interest) in the event of prepayment or acceleration; and (d) Borrower shall be estopped from claiming differently than as agreed to in this paragraph. Borrower expressly acknowledges that their agreement to pay
each of the Prepayment Charge and the End of Term Charge to the Lenders as herein described was on the Closing Date and continues to be a material inducement to the Lenders to provide the Term Loans. 

  
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 2.10 Taxes; Increased Costs. The Borrower, the Agent and the Lenders each
hereby agree to the terms and conditions set forth on Addendum 1 attached hereto. 
 SECTION 3. SECURITY INTEREST 

3.1 As security for the prompt and complete payment when due (whether on the payment dates or otherwise) of all the Secured
Obligations, Borrower grants to Agent a security interest in all of Borrower’s right, title, and interest in, to and under all of Borrower’s personal property and other assets including without limitation the following (except as set forth
herein) whether now owned or hereafter acquired (collectively, the “Collateral”): (a) Receivables; (b) Equipment; (c) Fixtures; (d) General Intangibles (other than Intellectual Property); (e) Inventory; (f) Investment
Property; (g) Deposit Accounts; (h) Cash; (i) Goods; and all other tangible and intangible personal property of Borrower whether now or hereafter owned or existing, leased, consigned by or to, or acquired by, Borrower and wherever located,
and any of Borrower’s property in the possession or under the control of Agent; and, to the extent not otherwise included, all Proceeds of each of the foregoing and all accessions to, substitutions and replacements for, and rents, profits and
products of each of the foregoing; provided, however, that the Collateral shall include all Accounts and General Intangibles that consist of rights to payment and proceeds from the sale, licensing or
disposition of all or any part, or rights in, the Intellectual Property (the “Rights to Payment”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a judicial authority (including a U.S. Bankruptcy Court) holds that a security interest in the
underlying Intellectual Property is necessary to have a security interest in the Rights to Payment, then the Collateral shall automatically, and effective as of the date of this Agreement, include the Intellectual Property to the extent necessary to
permit perfection of Agent’s security interest in the Rights to Payment. 
 3.2 Notwithstanding the broad grant of the
security interest set forth in Section 3.1, above, the Collateral shall not include (a) more than 65% of the presently existing and hereafter arising issued and outstanding shares of capital stock owned by Borrower of any Foreign
Subsidiary (other than an Eligible Foreign Subsidiary) which shares entitle the holder thereof to vote for directors or any other matter, (b) any Intellectual Property except to the extent described in Section 3.1 above,
(c) nonassignable licenses or contracts, which by their terms require the consent of the licensor thereof or another party (but only to the extent such prohibition on transfer is enforceable under applicable law, including, without limitation,
Sections 9406, 9407 and 9408 of the UCC), and (d) any leasehold real property interest, license, lease or other contract or agreement or any property subject to a purchase money security interest or similar arrangement to the extent that a
grant of a security interest therein would violate or invalidate such lease, license, contract or agreement or purchase money arrangement or create a right of termination in favor of any other party thereto (but only to the extent such prohibition
on transfer or grant of a security interest is enforceable under applicable law, including, without limitation, Sections 9406, 9407 and 9408 of the UCC), (e) any property to the extent that, and for as long as, such grant of a

  
 18 

 
security interest is prohibited by any applicable law, rule or regulation; provided that the foregoing exclusion in this clause (e) shall in no way be construed (i) to apply to the
extent that any described prohibition is unenforceable under Section 9406, 9407 or 9408 of the UCC or other applicable law or (ii) to apply to the extent that any consent or waiver has been obtained, or is hereafter obtained, that would
permit the Agent’s security interest or Lien notwithstanding the prohibition on the grant of a security interest in such property (f) Excluded Accounts, (g) motor vehicles or other assets in which a security interest may be perfected
only though compliance with a certificate of title statute, (h) any property subject to the Sanofi Agreement as disclosed on Schedule 3.2 hereto, and (i) any Cash securing reimbursement obligations permitted under this Agreement. 

SECTION 4. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO LOAN 

The obligations of Lender to make the Loan hereunder are subject to the satisfaction by Borrower of the following conditions: 

4.1 Initial Advance. On or prior to the Closing Date, Borrower shall have delivered to Agent the following: 

(a) executed copies of the Loan Documents, Account Control Agreements, a legal opinion of Borrower’s counsel, and all
other documents and instruments reasonably required by Agent to effectuate the transactions contemplated hereby or to create and perfect the Liens of Agent with respect to all Collateral, in all cases in form and substance reasonably acceptable to
Agent; 
 (b) certified copy of resolutions of Borrower’s board of directors evidencing approval of the Loan and other
transactions evidenced by the Loan Documents; 
 (c) certified copies of the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws, as
amended through the Closing Date, of Borrower; 
 (d) a certificate of good standing for Borrower from its state of
incorporation and similar certificates from all other jurisdictions in which it does business and where the failure to be qualified could have a Material Adverse Effect; 

(e) payment of the Facility Charge due under clause (a) of the definition thereof and reimbursement of Agent’s and
Lender’s reasonable and documented expenses reimbursable pursuant to this Agreement, which amounts may be deducted from the initial Advance; 

(f) all certificates of insurance with respect to insurance required hereunder; and 

(g) such other documents as Agent may reasonably request. 

  
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 4.2 All Advances. On each Advance Date: 

(a) Agent shall have received (i) an Advance Request for the relevant Advance as required by 2.2(b), each duly executed by
Borrower’s Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer, (ii) payment of the applicable Facility Charge then due under clause (b) of the definition thereof, and (iii) any other documents Agent may reasonably request. 

(b) The representations and warranties set forth in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as
of the Advance Date with the same effect as though made on and as of such date, except to the extent such representations and warranties expressly relate to an earlier date, and representations and warranties that may be updated pursuant to this
Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date made, provided that such updated representations and warranties shall not apply to an earlier date and shall not cure any default arising from any false or incorrect
representations and warranties previously made. 
 (c) Borrower shall be in compliance with all the terms and provisions set
forth herein and in each other Loan Document on its part to be observed or performed, and at the time of and immediately after such Advance no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing. 

(d) Each Advance Request shall be deemed to constitute a representation and warranty by Borrower on the relevant Advance Date
as to the matters specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this Section 4.2 and as to the matters set forth in the Advance Request. 

4.3 No Default. As of the Closing Date and each Advance Date, (i) no fact or condition exists that could reasonably (or
could reasonably, with the passage of time, the giving of notice, or both) constitute an Event of Default and (ii) no event that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect has occurred and is continuing. 

SECTION 5. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BORROWER 

Borrower represents and warrants that: 

5.1 Corporate Status. Borrower is a corporation duly organized, legally existing and in good standing under the laws of the
State of Delaware, and is duly qualified as a foreign corporation in all jurisdictions in which the nature of its business or location of its properties require such qualifications and where the failure to be qualified could reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect. Borrower’s present name, former names (if any), locations, place of formation, tax identification number, organizational identification number and other information are correctly set forth in Exhibit C, as may
be updated by Borrower in a written notice (including any Compliance Certificate) provided to Agent after the Closing Date. 

  
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 5.2 Collateral. Borrower owns the Collateral and the Intellectual Property,
free of all Liens, except for Permitted Liens. Borrower has the power and authority to grant to Agent a Lien in the Collateral as security for the Secured Obligations. 

5.3 Consents. Borrower’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and all other Loan Documents (i) have
been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of Borrower, (ii) will not result in the creation or imposition of any Lien upon the Collateral, other than Permitted Liens and the Liens created by this Agreement and the other Loan
Documents, (iii) do not violate any provisions of Borrower’s Certificate or Articles of Incorporation (as applicable), bylaws, or any material law, regulation, order, injunction, judgment, decree or writ to which Borrower is subject and
(iv) except as described on Schedule 5.3, do not violate any material contract or agreement or require the consent or approval of any other Person which has not already been obtained. The individual or individuals executing the Loan Documents
are duly authorized to do so. 
 5.4 Material Adverse Effect. No event that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a
Material Adverse Effect has occurred and is continuing. Borrower is not aware of any event likely to occur that is reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. 

5.5 Actions Before Governmental Authorities. There are no actions, suits or proceedings at law or in equity or by or before any
governmental authority now pending or, to the knowledge of Borrower, threatened in writing against Borrower or its property, that is reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. 

5.6 Laws. Neither Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any law, rule or regulation, or in default with
respect to any judgment, writ, injunction or decree of any governmental authority, where such violation or default is reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Borrower is not in default in any manner under any provision of any
agreement or instrument evidencing material Indebtedness, or any other material agreement to which it is a party or by which it is bound. 

Neither Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries is an “investment company” or a company “controlled” by an
“investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. Neither Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries is engaged as one of its important activities in extending credit for margin stock (under Regulations X, T and U of the
Federal Reserve Board of Governors). Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries has complied in all material respects with the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act. Neither Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries is a “holding company” or an
“affiliate” of a “holding company” or a “subsidiary company” of a “holding company” as each term is defined and used in the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2005. Neither Borrower’s nor any of its
Subsidiaries’ properties or assets has been used by Borrower or such Subsidiary or, to Borrower’s knowledge, by previous Persons, in disposing, producing, storing, treating, or transporting any hazardous substance other than in material
compliance with applicable laws. Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries has obtained all consents, approvals and authorizations of, made all declarations or filings with, and given all notices to, all Governmental Authorities that are necessary to
continue their respective businesses as currently conducted. 

  
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 None of Borrower, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of Borrower’s or its
Subsidiaries’ Affiliates or any of their respective agents acting or benefiting in any capacity in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement is (i) in violation of any Anti-Terrorism Law, (ii) engaging in or
conspiring to engage in any transaction that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in any Anti-Terrorism Law, or (iii) is a Blocked Person. None of Borrower, any of
its Subsidiaries, or to the knowledge of Borrower and any of their Affiliates or agents, acting or benefiting in any capacity in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (x) conducts any business or engages in making or
receiving any contribution of funds, goods or services to or for the benefit of any Blocked Person, or (y) deals in, or otherwise engages in any transaction relating to, any property or interest in property blocked pursuant to Executive Order
No. 13224, any similar executive order or other Anti-Terrorism Law. None of the funds to be provided under this Agreement will be used, directly or indirectly, (a) for any activities in violation of any applicable anti-money laundering,
economic sanctions and anti-bribery laws and regulations laws and regulations or (b) for any payment to any governmental official or employee, political party, official of a political party, candidate for political office, or anyone else acting
in an official capacity, in order to obtain, retain or direct business or obtain any improper advantage, in violation of the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended. 

5.7 Information Correct and Current. No written information, report, Advance Request, financial statement, exhibit or schedule
furnished, by or on behalf of Borrower to Agent in connection with any Loan Document or included therein or delivered pursuant thereto contained, or, when taken as a whole, contains or will contain any material misstatement of fact or, when taken
together with all other such information or documents, omitted, omits or will omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were, are or will be made, not materially
misleading at the time such statement was made or deemed made. Additionally, any and all financial or business projections provided by Borrower to Agent, whether prior to or after the Closing Date, shall be (i) provided in good faith and based
on the most current data and information available to Borrower, and (ii) the most current of such projections provided to Borrower’s Board of Directors (it being understood that such projections are subject to significant uncertainties and
contingencies, many of which are beyond the control of Borrower, that no assurance is given that any particular projections will be realized, and that actual results may differ). 

5.8 Tax Matters. Except as described on Schedule 5.8 and except those being contested in good faith with adequate reserves
under GAAP, (a) Borrower has filed all material federal, state and local tax returns that it is required to file, (b) Borrower has duly paid or fully reserved for all taxes or installments thereof (including any interest or penalties) as
and when due, which have become due pursuant to such returns, and (c) Borrower has paid or fully reserved for any tax assessment received by Borrower for the three (3) years preceding the Closing Date, if any (including any taxes being
contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings), in each case, other than with respect to taxes that do not exceed, individually or in the aggregate, $50,000. 

  
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 5.9 Intellectual Property Claims. Borrower is the sole owner of, or
otherwise has the right to use, the Intellectual Property material to Borrower’s business. Except as described on Schedule 5.9, (i) each of the material Copyrights, Trademarks and Patents is valid and enforceable, (ii) no material part of
the Intellectual Property has been judged invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, and (iii) no claim has been made to Borrower that any material part of the Intellectual Property violates the rights of any third party. Exhibit D is
a true, correct and complete list of each of Borrower’s Patents, registered Trademarks, registered Copyrights, and material agreements under which Borrower licenses Intellectual Property from third parties (other than shrink-wrap software
licenses), together with application or registration numbers, as applicable, owned by Borrower or any Subsidiary, in each case as of the Closing Date. Borrower is not in material breach of, nor has Borrower failed to perform any material obligations
under, any of the foregoing contracts, licenses or agreements and, to Borrower’s knowledge, no third party to any such contract, license or agreement is in material breach thereof or has failed to perform any material obligations thereunder.

 5.10 Intellectual Property. Except as described on Schedule 5.10, Borrower has all material rights with respect to
Intellectual Property that it uses in, and that is necessary or material in the operation or conduct of Borrower’s business as currently conducted and proposed to be conducted by Borrower. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and
in the case of Licenses, except for restrictions that are unenforceable under Division 9 of the UCC, Borrower has the right, to the extent required to operate Borrower’s business, to freely transfer, license or assign Intellectual Property
necessary or material in the operation or conduct of Borrower’s business as currently conducted by Borrower, without condition, restriction or payment of any kind (other than license payments in the ordinary course of business) to any third
party, and Borrower owns or has the right to use, pursuant to valid licenses, all software development tools, library functions, compilers and all other third-party software and other items that are material to Borrower’s business and used in
the design, development, promotion, sale, license, manufacture, import, export, use or distribution of Borrower Products that are material to Borrower’s business except customary covenants in inbound license agreements and equipment leases
where Borrower is the licensee or lessee. 
 5.11 Borrower Products. Except as described on Schedule 5.11, which may be
updated by Borrower in a written notice provided after the Closing Date, no Intellectual Property owned by Borrower or Borrower Product has been or is subject to any actual or, to the knowledge of Borrower, threatened in writing litigation,
proceeding (including any proceeding in the United States Patent and Trademark Office or any corresponding foreign office or agency) or outstanding decree, order, judgment, settlement agreement or stipulation that restricts in any manner
Borrower’s use, transfer or licensing thereof or that may affect the validity, use or enforceability thereof, in such case, which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no decree, order, judgment, agreement,
stipulation, arbitral award or other provision entered into in connection with any litigation or proceeding that obligates Borrower to grant licenses or ownership interest 

  
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in any future material Intellectual Property related to the operation or conduct of the business of Borrower or Borrower Products. Except as set forth on Schedule 5.11, Borrower has not received
any written notice or claim, challenging or questioning Borrower’s ownership in any Intellectual Property material to Borrower’s business (or written notice of any claim challenging or questioning the ownership in any material licensed
Intellectual Property of the owner thereof) or suggesting that any third party has any claim of legal or beneficial ownership with respect thereto nor, to Borrower’s knowledge, is there a reasonable basis for any such claim. Neither
Borrower’s use of its Intellectual Property material to Borrower’s business nor the production and sale of Borrower Products material to Borrower’s business infringes in any material respect the Intellectual Property or other rights
of others. 
 5.12 Financial Accounts. Exhibit E, as may be updated by the Borrower in a written notice provided to Agent
after the Closing Date, is a true, correct and complete list of (a) all banks and other financial institutions at which Borrower or any Subsidiary maintains Deposit Accounts and (b) all institutions at which Borrower or any Subsidiary
maintains an account holding Investment Property, and such exhibit correctly identifies the name, address and telephone number of each bank or other institution, the name in which the account is held, a description of the purpose of the account, and
the complete account number therefor. 
 5.13 Employee Loans. Except as described on Schedule 5.13, which may be updated by
Borrower in a written notice provided after the Closing Date, Borrower has no outstanding loans to any employee, officer or director of the Borrower nor has Borrower guaranteed the payment of any loan made to an employee, officer or director of the
Borrower by a third party. 
 5.14 Capitalization and Subsidiaries. Borrower’s capitalization as of the Closing Date is
set forth on Schedule 5.14 annexed hereto. Borrower does not own any stock, partnership interest or other securities of any Person, except for Permitted Investments. Attached as Schedule 5.14, as may be updated by Borrower in a written notice
provided after the Closing Date, is a true, correct and complete list of each Subsidiary. 
 5.15 Foreign Subsidiary Voting
Rights. No decision or action in any governing document of any Foreign Subsidiary (other than an Eligible Foreign Subsidiary) requires a vote of greater than 50.1% of the Equity Interests or voting rights of such Foreign Subsidiary. 

SECTION 6. INSURANCE; INDEMNIFICATION 

6.1 Coverage. Borrower shall cause to be carried and maintained commercial general liability insurance, on an occurrence form,
against risks customarily insured against in Borrower’s line of business. Such risks shall include the risks of bodily injury, including death, property damage, personal injury, advertising injury, and contractual liability per the terms of the
indemnification agreement found in Section 6.3. Borrower must maintain a minimum of $2,000,000 of commercial general liability insurance for each occurrence. Borrower has and agrees to maintain a minimum of $2,000,000 of directors’ and
officers’ insurance for 

  
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each occurrence and $5,000,000 in the aggregate. So long as there are any Secured Obligations outstanding (other than inchoate indemnity obligations and other obligations which are expressly
stated to survive termination of this Agreement), Borrower shall also cause to be carried and maintained insurance upon the Collateral, insuring against all risks of physical loss or damage howsoever caused, in an amount not less than the full
replacement cost of the Collateral, provided that such insurance may be subject to standard exceptions and deductibles. 

6.2 Certificates. Borrower shall deliver to Agent certificates of insurance that evidence Borrower’s compliance with its
insurance obligations in Section 6.1 and the obligations contained in this Section 6.2. Borrower’s insurance certificate shall state Agent (shown as “Hercules Capital, Inc.”, as Agent”) is an additional insured for
commercial general liability, a loss payee for all risk property damage insurance, subject to the insurer’s approval, and a loss payee for property insurance and additional insured for liability insurance for any future insurance that Borrower
may acquire from such insurer. Attached to the certificates of insurance will be additional insured endorsements for liability and lender’s loss payable endorsements for all risk property damage insurance. All certificates of insurance will
provide for a minimum of thirty (30) days advance written notice to Agent of cancellation (other than cancellation for non-payment of premiums, for which ten (10) days’ advance written notice
shall be sufficient) or any other change adverse to Agent’s interests. Any failure of Agent to scrutinize such insurance certificates for compliance is not a waiver of any of Agent’s rights, all of which are reserved. Borrower shall
provide Agent with copies of each insurance policy within thirty (30) days of the Closing Date, and upon entering or amending any insurance policy required hereunder, Borrower shall provide Agent with copies of such policies and shall promptly
deliver to Agent updated insurance certificates with respect to such policies. 
 6.3 Indemnity. Borrower agrees to indemnify
and hold Agent, Lender and their officers, directors, employees, agents, in-house attorneys, representatives and shareholders (each, an “Indemnified Person”) harmless from and against any and all
claims, costs, expenses, damages and liabilities (including such claims, costs, expenses, damages and liabilities based on liability in tort, including strict liability in tort), including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements and other
costs of investigation or defense (including those incurred upon any appeal) (collectively, “Liabilities”), that may be instituted or asserted against or incurred by such Indemnified Person as the result of credit having been extended,
suspended or terminated under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents or the administration of such credit, or in connection with or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereunder and thereunder, or any actions or failures to act in
connection therewith, or arising out of the disposition or utilization of the Collateral, excluding in all cases Liabilities to the extent resulting directly from any Indemnified Person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. Borrower agrees
to pay, and to save Agent and Lender harmless from, any and all liabilities with respect to, or resulting from any delay in paying, any and all excise, sales or other similar taxes (excluding taxes imposed on or measured by the net income of Agent
or Lender) that may be payable or determined to be payable with respect to any of the Collateral or this Agreement, excluding in all cases Liabilities to the extent resulting directly from any Indemnified

  
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Person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. In no event shall any Indemnified Person be liable on any theory of liability for any special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages
(including any loss of profits, business or anticipated savings). This Section 6.3 shall not apply with respect to taxes other than any taxes that represent losses, claims, damages, etc. arising from any
non-tax claim. This Section 6.3 shall survive the repayment of indebtedness under, and otherwise shall survive the expiration or other termination of, the Agreement. 

SECTION 7. COVENANTS OF BORROWER 

Borrower agrees as follows: 

7.1 Financial Reports. Borrower shall furnish to Agent the financial statements and reports listed hereinafter (the
“Financial Statements”): 
 (a) as soon as practicable (and in any event within 30 days) after the end of each
month, unaudited interim and year-to-date financial statements as of the end of such month (prepared on a consolidated and consolidating basis, if applicable), including
balance sheet and related statements of income and cash flows accompanied by a report detailing any material contingencies (including the commencement of any material litigation by or against Borrower) or any other occurrence that could reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, prepared in accordance with GAAP, except (i) for the absence of footnotes, (ii) that they are subject to normal year-end adjustments, and
(iii) they do not contain certain non-cash items that are customarily included in quarterly and annual financial statements; 

(b) as soon as practicable (and in any event within 45 days) after the end of each of the first three calendar quarters of each
year, unaudited interim and year-to-date financial statements as of the end of such calendar quarter (prepared on a consolidated and consolidating basis, if applicable),
including balance sheet and related statements of income and cash flows accompanied by a report detailing any material contingencies (including the commencement of any material litigation by or against Borrower) or any other occurrence that could
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, certified by Borrower’s Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer to the effect that they have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, except (i) for the absence of
footnotes, and (ii) that they are subject to normal year-end adjustments; 
 (c)
as soon as practicable (and in any event within ninety (90) days) after the end of each fiscal year, unqualified audited financial statements as of the end of such year (prepared on a consolidated and consolidating basis, if applicable),
including balance sheet and related statements of income and cash flows, and setting forth in comparative form the corresponding figures for the preceding fiscal year, certified by a firm of independent certified public accountants selected by
Borrower and reasonably acceptable to Agent, accompanied by any management report from such accountants (Agent hereby acknowledges that PwC is an acceptable firm of independent public accountants); 

  
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 (d) as soon as practicable (and in any event within 30 days) after the end
of each month, a Compliance Certificate in the form of Exhibit F; 
 (e) as soon as practicable (and in any event within 30
days) after the end of each month, a report showing agings of accounts receivable and accounts payable; 
 (f) promptly and
in any event within 5 days after the sending or filing thereof, as the case may be, copies of any proxy statements, financial statements or reports that Borrower has made generally available to holders of its Common Stock and copies of any regular,
periodic and special reports or registration statements that Borrower files with the Securities and Exchange Commission or any governmental authority that may be substituted therefor, or any national securities exchange; 

(g) at the same time and in the same manner as it gives to its Board of Directors, copies of all board packages that Borrower
provides to its directors in connection with meetings of the Board of Directors, and within 30 days after each such meeting, minutes of such meeting, provided that in all cases Borrower may exclude confidential compensation information, information
presenting a conflict of interest with Agent or Lender and information covered by attorney-client privilege; 
 (h) any
budget and any forecast of Borrower promptly following its approval by Borrower’s Board of Directors, and in any event, not less than once annually, no later than 60 days following the end of the fiscal year; 

(i) such other financial information reasonably requested by Agent; and 

(j) immediate notice if Borrower or any Subsidiary has knowledge that Borrower, or any Subsidiary or Affiliate of Borrower, is
listed on the OFAC Lists or (a) is convicted on, (b) pleads nolo contendere to, (c) is indicted on, or (d) is arraigned and held over on charges involving money laundering or predicate crimes to money laundering. 

Borrower shall not (without the consent of Agent, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), make any change in its
(a) accounting policies or reporting practices, except as required by GAAP or (b) fiscal years or fiscal quarters. As of the Closing Date, the fiscal year of Borrower ends on December 31. 

The executed Compliance Certificate and all Financial Statements required to be delivered pursuant to clauses (a), (b) and (c) shall
be sent via e-mail to                      with a copy to
                    ,                     , and
                 provided, that if e-mail is not available or sending such Financial Statements via e-mail is not possible, they shall be faxed to Agent at:                     , attention Account Manager: X4
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, documents required to be delivered pursuant to the terms hereof (to the extent any
such documents are included in materials otherwise filed with the SEC) may be delivered electronically and if so delivered, shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date on which Borrower emails a link thereto to Agent. 

  
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 7.2 Management Rights. Borrower shall permit any representative that Agent
or Lender authorizes, including its attorneys and accountants, to inspect the Collateral and examine and make copies and abstracts of the books of account and records of Borrower at reasonable times and upon reasonable notice during normal business
hours; provided, however, that so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, such examinations shall be limited to no more often than twice per fiscal year. In addition, any such representative shall have the right to meet
with management and officers of Borrower to discuss such books of account and records at reasonable times and upon reasonable notice during normal business hours. In addition, Agent or Lender shall be entitled at reasonable times and intervals to
consult with and advise the management and officers of Borrower concerning significant business issues affecting Borrower; provided that management and officers of Borrower shall not be bound to accept such advisement. Such consultations shall not
unreasonably interfere with Borrower’s business operations. The parties intend that the rights granted Agent and Lender shall constitute “management rights” within the meaning of 29 C.F.R.
Section 2510.3-101(d)(3)(ii), but that any advice, recommendations or participation by Agent or Lender with respect to any business issues shall not be deemed to give Agent or Lender, nor be deemed an
exercise by Agent or Lender of, control over Borrower’s management or policies. 
 7.3 Further Assurances. Borrower
shall from time to time following Agent’s request execute, deliver and file, alone or with Agent, any financing statements, security agreements, collateral assignments, notices, control agreements, or other documents to perfect or give the
highest priority to Agent’s Lien on the Collateral. Borrower shall from time to time procure any instruments or documents as may be reasonably requested by Agent, and take all further action that may be necessary, or that Agent may reasonably
request, to perfect and protect the Liens granted hereby and thereby. In addition, and for such purposes only, Borrower hereby authorizes Agent to execute and deliver on behalf of Borrower and to file such financing statements (including an
indication that the financing statement covers “all assets or all personal property” of Borrower in accordance with Section 9-504 of the UCC), collateral assignments, notices, control
agreements, security agreements and other documents without the signature of Borrower either in Agent’s name or in the name of Agent as agent and attorney-in-fact
for Borrower. Borrower shall protect and defend Borrower’s title to the Collateral and Agent’s Lien thereon against all Persons claiming any interest adverse to Borrower or Agent other than Permitted Liens. 

7.4 Indebtedness. Borrower shall not create, incur, assume, guarantee or be or remain liable with respect to any Indebtedness,
or permit any Subsidiary so to do, other than Permitted Indebtedness, or prepay any Indebtedness or take any actions which impose on Borrower an obligation to prepay any Indebtedness, except for (a) the conversion of Indebtedness into equity
securities and the payment of cash in lieu of fractional shares in connection with such conversion, (b) purchase money Indebtedness pursuant to its then applicable payment schedule, (c) prepayment by any Subsidiary of
(i) inter-company Indebtedness owed by such Subsidiary to any Borrower, or (ii) if such Subsidiary is not a Borrower, intercompany Indebtedness owed by such Subsidiary to another Subsidiary that is not a Borrower, (d) prepayment by
Borrower of Indebtedness under the FFG Agreement not to exceed $8,000,000, or (e) as otherwise permitted hereunder or approved in writing by Agent. 

  
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 7.5 Collateral. Borrower shall at all times keep the Collateral, the
Intellectual Property and all other property and assets used in Borrower’s business or in which Borrower now or hereafter holds any interest free and clear from any legal process or Liens whatsoever (except for Permitted Liens), and shall give
Agent prompt written notice of any legal process affecting the Collateral, the Intellectual Property, such other property and assets, or any Liens thereon, provided however, that the Collateral and such other property and assets may be subject to
Permitted Liens except that there shall be no Liens whatsoever on Intellectual Property other than (i) customary restrictions on assignment, sublicense or transfer that may exist in any license agreement where Borrower or a Subsidiary is the
licensee (and not the licensor) and (ii) licenses of Intellectual Property that constitute Permitted Transfers. Borrower shall not agree with any Person other than Agent or Lender not to encumber its property other than pursuant to customary
restrictions in leases, licenses and agreements in respect of Permitted Indebtedness. Borrower shall not enter into or suffer to exist or become effective any agreement that prohibits or limits the ability of any Borrower to create, incur, assume or
suffer to exist any Lien upon any of its Intellectual Property, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, to secure its obligations under the Loan Documents to which it is a party other than (a) this Agreement and the other Loan Documents,
(b) any agreements governing any purchase money Liens or capital lease obligations otherwise permitted hereby (in which case, any prohibition or limitation shall only be effective against the assets financed thereby) and (c) customary
restrictions on the assignment of leases, licenses and other agreements. Borrower shall cause its Subsidiaries to protect and defend such Subsidiary’s title to its assets from and against all Persons claiming any interest adverse to such
Subsidiary, and Borrower shall cause its Subsidiaries at all times to keep such Subsidiary’s property and assets free and clear from any legal process or Liens whatsoever (except for Permitted Liens, provided however, that there shall be no
Liens whatsoever on Intellectual Property other than (i) customary restrictions on assignment, sublicense or transfer that may exist in any license agreement where Borrower or a Subsidiary is the licensee (and not the licensor) and
(ii) licenses of Intellectual Property that constitute Permitted Transfers), and shall give Agent prompt written notice of any legal process affecting such Subsidiary’s assets. 

7.6 Investments. Borrower shall not directly or indirectly acquire or own, or make any Investment in or to any Person, or
permit any of its Subsidiaries so to do, other than Permitted Investments. 
 7.7 Distributions. Borrower shall not, and
shall not allow any Subsidiary to, (a) repurchase or redeem any class of stock or other Equity Interest other than pursuant to employee, director or consultant repurchase plans or other similar agreements, provided, however, in each case the
repurchase or redemption price does not exceed the original consideration paid for such stock or Equity Interest, or (b) declare or pay any cash dividend or make a cash distribution on any class of stock or other Equity Interest, except that a
Subsidiary may pay dividends or make distributions to Borrower, or (c) lend money to any employees, officers or directors (except for Permitted Investments) or guarantee the payment of any such loans granted by a third party in excess of
$250,000 in the aggregate or (d) waive, release or forgive any Indebtedness owed by any employees, officers or directors in excess of $250,000 in the aggregate. 

  
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 7.8 Transfers. Except for Permitted Transfers, Borrower shall not, and shall
not allow any Subsidiary to, voluntarily or involuntarily transfer, sell, lease, license, lend or in any other manner convey any equitable, beneficial or legal interest in any material portion of its assets. 

7.9 Mergers or Acquisitions. Borrower shall not merge or consolidate, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to merge or
consolidate, with or into any other business organization (other than mergers or consolidations of (a) a Subsidiary which is not a Borrower into another Subsidiary or into Borrower or (b) a Borrower into another Borrower), or acquire, or
permit any of its Subsidiaries to acquire, in each case including for the avoidance of doubt through a merger, purchase, in-licensing arrangement or any similar transaction, all or substantially all of the
capital stock or any property of another Person, other than in connection with a Permitted Investment or Permitted Acquisition. 

7.10 Taxes. Borrower and its Subsidiaries shall pay when due all material taxes, fees or other charges of any nature whatsoever
(together with any related interest or penalties) now or hereafter imposed or assessed against Borrower, Agent, Lender or the Collateral or upon Borrower’s ownership, possession, use, operation or disposition thereof or upon Borrower’s
rents, receipts or earnings arising therefrom. Borrower shall file on or before the due date therefor all personal property tax returns in respect of the Collateral. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Borrower may contest, in good faith and by
appropriate proceedings, taxes for which Borrower maintains adequate reserves therefor in accordance with GAAP. 
 7.11
Corporate Changes. Neither Borrower nor any Subsidiary shall change its corporate name, legal form or jurisdiction of formation without twenty (20) days’ prior written notice to Agent. Neither Borrower nor any Subsidiary shall suffer a
Change in Control. Neither Borrower nor any Subsidiary shall relocate its chief executive office or its principal place of business unless: (i) it has provided prior written notice to Agent; and (ii) such relocation shall be within the
continental United States of America. Neither Borrower nor any Qualified Subsidiary shall relocate any item of Collateral (other than (x) sales of Inventory in the ordinary course of business, (y) relocations of Equipment having an
aggregate value of up to $250,000 in any fiscal year, and (z) relocations of Collateral from a location described on Exhibit C to another location described on Exhibit C) unless (i) it has provided prompt written notice to Agent,
(ii) such relocation is within the continental United States of America and, (iii) if such relocation is to a third party bailee, it has delivered a bailee agreement in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Agent. 

7.12 Deposit Accounts. Neither Borrower nor any Qualified Subsidiary shall maintain any Deposit Accounts, or accounts holding
Investment Property, except (i) for Excluded Accounts, or (ii) with respect to which Agent has an Account Control Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Excluded Subsidiary may maintain Deposit Accounts
which are not subject to an Account Control Agreement, provided that the aggregate amount in such Deposit Accounts does not at any time exceed an amount equal to the sum of (A) 70% of the outstanding Indebtedness under the FFG Agreement and (B)
$5,000,000, provided, however, that Borrower at all times shall be in compliance with the provisions of Section 7.22 below. 

  
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 7.13 Borrower shall notify Agent of each Subsidiary formed subsequent to the
Closing Date and, within 15 days of formation, shall cause any such Qualified Subsidiary to execute and deliver to Agent a Joinder Agreement. 

7.14 FFG Agreement. Borrower shall pay the outstanding Indebtedness under the FFG Agreement on or prior to December 31,
2019. 
 7.15 Notification of Event of Default. Borrower shall notify Agent immediately of the occurrence of any Event of
Default. 
 7.16 [Reserved]. 

7.17 Use of Proceeds. Borrower agrees that the proceeds of the Loans shall be used solely to refinance existing indebtedness,
to retire indebtedness from FFG, to pay related fees and expenses in connection with this Agreement and for working capital and general corporate purposes, including strategic licensing and acquisition opportunities permitted under this Agreement or
consented to by Agent. The proceeds of the Loans will not be used in violation of Anti-Corruption Laws or applicable Sanctions. 

7.18 Foreign Subsidiary Voting Rights. Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any Subsidiary, to amend or modify any
governing document of any Foreign Subsidiary of Borrower (other than an Eligible Foreign Subsidiary) the effect of which is to require a vote of greater than 50.1% of the Equity Interests or voting rights of such entity for any decision or action of
such entity. 
 7.19 Compliance with Laws. 

Borrower shall maintain, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to maintain, compliance in all material respects with all applicable
laws, rules or regulations (including any law, rule or regulation with respect to the making or brokering of loans or financial accommodations), and shall, or cause its Subsidiaries to, obtain and maintain all required governmental authorizations,
approvals, licenses, franchises, permits or registrations reasonably necessary in connection with the conduct of Borrower’s business. 

Neither Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries shall, nor shall Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries permit any Affiliate
controlled by Borrower or any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, knowingly enter into any documents, instruments, agreements or contracts with any Person listed on the OFAC Lists. Neither Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries shall, nor shall
Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, permit any Affiliate controlled by Borrower or any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, (i) conduct any business or engage in any transaction or dealing with any Blocked Person, including, without
limitation, the making or receiving of any contribution of funds, goods or services to or for the benefit of any Blocked Person, (ii) deal in, or otherwise engage in any transaction relating to, any property or interests in property blocked
pursuant to Executive Order No. 13224 or any similar executive order or other Anti-Terrorism Law, or (iii) engage in or conspire to engage in any transaction that evades or avoids, or has the purpose
of evading or avoiding, or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in Executive Order No. 13224 or other Anti-Terrorism Law. 

  
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 Borrower and its Subsidiaries and their respective officers and employees
and to the knowledge of Borrower, its directors and agents, are in compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions in all material respects. 

None of Borrower, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective directors, officers or employees, or to the knowledge of
Borrower, any agent for Borrower or its Subsidiaries that will act in any capacity in connection with or benefit from the credit facility established hereby, is a Sanctioned Person. No Loan, use of proceeds or other transaction contemplated by this
Agreement will violate Anti-Corruption Laws or applicable Sanctions. 
 7.20 Intellectual Property. Each Borrower shall
protect, defend and maintain the validity and enforceability of its Intellectual Property material to its business; (ii) promptly advise Agent in writing of material infringements of its Intellectual Property; and (iii) not allow any
Intellectual Property material to Borrowers’ business to be abandoned, forfeited or dedicated to the public without Agent’s written consent. If a Borrower (i) obtains any Patent, registered Trademark, registered Copyright, registered
mask work, or any pending application for any of the foregoing, whether as owner, licensee or otherwise, or (ii) applies for any Patent or the registration of any Trademark, then such Borrower shall promptly, and in any event, within thirty
(30) days thereof, provide written notice thereof to Agent. If a Borrower decides to register any Copyrights or mask works in the United States Copyright Office, such Borrower shall provide Agent with at least fifteen (15) days prior
written notice of such Borrower’s intent to register such Copyrights or mask works together with a copy of the application it intends to file with the United States Copyright Office (excluding exhibits thereto). Borrowers shall promptly provide
to Agent copies of all applications that it files for Patents or for the registration of Trademarks, Copyrights or mask works. 

7.21 Transactions with Affiliates. Borrower shall not and shall not permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, enter
into or permit to exist any transaction of any kind with any Affiliate of Borrower or such Subsidiary on terms that are less favorable to Borrower or such Subsidiary, as the case may be, than those that might be obtained in an arm’s length
transaction from a Person who is not an Affiliate of Borrower or such Subsidiary. 
 7.22 Minimum Cash. Borrower at all times
shall maintain Cash in an account or accounts of Borrower subject to an Account Control Agreement, in an aggregate amount greater than or equal to the lesser of: (i) 125% of the aggregate principal amount of Term Loan Advances outstanding under this
Agreement; and (ii) 100% of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries’ Cash reserves (other than up to $2,500,000 which may be held at the Excluded Subsidiary). 

7.23 Post-Closing Items. On or before the corresponding dates set forth on Schedule 7.23, Borrower shall use its commercially
reasonable efforts to deliver or cause to be delivered or completed the items listed on Schedule 7.23. 

  
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 SECTION 8. RIGHT TO INVEST 

8.1 Lender or its assignee or nominee shall have the right, in its discretion, to participate, in a cumulative amount of up to
$2,000,000 in the aggregate, in one or more Subsequent Financings, on the same terms, conditions and pricing afforded to others participating in any such Subsequent Financing, provided, however, Lender or its assignee or nominee agrees
to become a party to the agreements executed by the others participating in such Subsequent Financing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall provide the Lender or its assignee or nominee at least one (1) Business Days notice (which
may be oral) of a planned Subsequent Financing and the opportunity to exercise the right to invest under this Section 8.1 with respect to such Subsequent Financing. This Section 8.1, and all rights and obligations hereunder, shall
terminate upon the earlier to occur of (i) such time that the Lender or its assignees or nominees have purchased $2,000,000 of the Company’s equity securities in the aggregate in any Subsequent Financing(s) and (ii) the later to occur
of (A) the repayment of the Indebtedness under this Agreement and (B) the exercise in full of the Warrants or the expiration or termination of the exercise period for the Warrants. 

SECTION 9. EVENTS OF DEFAULT 

The occurrence of any one or more of the following events shall be an Event of Default: 

9.1 Payments. Borrower fails to pay any amount due under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents on the due date;
provided, however, that an Event of Default shall not occur on account of a failure to pay due solely to an administrative or operational error of Agent or Lender or Borrower’s bank if Borrower had the funds to make the payment when due and
makes the payment within three (3) Business Days following Borrower’s knowledge of such failure to pay; or 
 9.2
Covenants. Borrower breaches or defaults in the performance of any covenant or Secured Obligation under this Agreement, or any of the other Loan Documents or any other agreement among Borrower, Agent and Lender, and (a) with respect to a
default under any covenant under this Agreement (other than under Sections 6, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.14, 7.15, 7.17, 7.18, 7.19, 7.20 and 7.22) any other Loan Document or any other agreement among Borrower, Agent and Lender, such default
continues for more than ten (10) Business Days after the earlier of the date on which (i) Agent or Lender has given notice of such default to Borrower and (ii) Borrower has actual knowledge of such default or (b) with respect to
a default under any of Sections 6, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.14, 7.15, 7.17, 7.18, 7.19, 7.20 and 7.22, the occurrence of such default; or 

9.3 Material Adverse Effect. A circumstance has occurred that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;
or 
 9.4 Representations. Any representation or warranty made by Borrower in any Loan Document shall have been false or
misleading in any material respect when made or when deemed made; or 

  
 33 

 9.5 Insolvency. Borrower (A) (i) shall make an assignment for the
benefit of creditors; or (ii) shall be unable to pay its debts as they become due, or be unable to pay or perform under the Loan Documents, or shall become insolvent; or (iii) shall file a voluntary petition in bankruptcy; or
(iv) shall file any petition, answer, or document seeking for itself any reorganization, arrangement, composition, readjustment, liquidation, dissolution or similar relief under any present or future statute, law or regulation pertinent to such
circumstances; or (v) shall seek or consent to or acquiesce in the appointment of any trustee, receiver, or liquidator of Borrower or of all or any substantial part (i.e., 33-1/3% or more) of the assets
or property of Borrower; or (vi) shall cease operations of its business as its business has normally been conducted, or terminate substantially all of its employees; or (vii) Borrower or its directors or majority shareholders shall take
any action initiating any of the foregoing actions described in clauses (i) through (vi); or (B) either (i) forty-five (45) days shall have expired after the commencement of an involuntary action against Borrower seeking
reorganization, arrangement, composition, readjustment, liquidation, dissolution or similar relief under any present or future statute, law or regulation, without such action being dismissed or all orders or proceedings thereunder affecting the
operations or the business of Borrower being stayed; or (ii) a stay of any such order or proceedings shall thereafter be set aside and the action setting it aside shall not be timely appealed; or (iii) Borrower shall file any answer
admitting or not contesting the material allegations of a petition filed against Borrower in any such proceedings; or (iv) the court in which such proceedings are pending shall enter a decree or order granting the relief sought in any such
proceedings; or (v) forty-five (45) days shall have expired after the appointment, without the consent or acquiescence of Borrower, of any trustee, receiver or liquidator of Borrower or of all or any substantial part of the properties of
Borrower without such appointment being vacated; or 
 9.6 Attachments; Judgments. Any portion of Borrower’s assets is
attached or seized, or a levy is filed against any such assets, or a judgment or judgments is/are entered for the payment of money (not covered by independent third party insurance as to which liability has not been rejected by such insurance
carrier), individually or in the aggregate, of at least $500,000, or Borrower is enjoined or in any way prevented by court order from conducting a material part of its business and such attachment, seizure, levy, judgment or enjoinment is not,
within thirty (30) days after the occurrence thereof, discharged or stayed (whether through the posting of a bond or otherwise); or 

9.7 Other Obligations. The occurrence of any “event of default” under any agreement or obligation of Borrower
involving any Indebtedness in excess of $500,000 after giving effect to any applicable grace period thereunder which results in a right by such third party to accelerate the maturity of such Indebtedness. 

SECTION 10. REMEDIES 

10.1 General. Upon and during the continuance of any one or more Events of Default, (i) Agent may, and at the direction of
the Required Lenders shall, accelerate and demand payment of all or any part of the Secured Obligations together with a Prepayment Charge and declare them to be immediately due and payable (provided, that upon the occurrence of an Event of Default
of the type described in Section 9.5, all of the Secured Obligations (including, without limitation, the Prepayment Charge and the End of Term Charge) shall automatically be accelerated and made due and payable, in each case 

  
 34 

 without any further notice or act), (ii) Agent may, at its option, sign and
file in Borrower’s name any and all collateral assignments, notices, control agreements, security agreements and other documents it deems necessary or appropriate to perfect or protect the repayment of the Secured Obligations, and in
furtherance thereof, Borrower hereby grants Agent an irrevocable power of attorney coupled with an interest during the continuance of such Event of Default, and (iii) Agent may notify any of Borrower’s account debtors to make payment
directly to Agent, compromise the amount of any such account on Borrower’s behalf and endorse Agent’s name without recourse on any such payment for deposit directly to Agent’s account. Agent may, and at the direction of the Required
Lenders shall, exercise all rights and remedies with respect to the Collateral under the Loan Documents or otherwise available to it under the UCC and other applicable law, including the right to release, hold, sell, lease, liquidate, collect,
realize upon, or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the Collateral and the right to occupy, utilize, process and commingle the Collateral. All Agent’s rights and remedies shall be cumulative and not exclusive. 

10.2 Collection; Foreclosure. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, Agent may, and at the
direction of the Required Lenders shall, at any time or from time to time, apply, collect, liquidate, sell in one or more sales, lease or otherwise dispose of, any or all of the Collateral, in its then condition or following any commercially
reasonable preparation or processing, in such order as Agent may elect. Any such sale may be made either at public or private sale at its place of business or elsewhere. Borrower agrees that any such public or private sale may occur upon ten
(10) calendar days’ prior written notice to Borrower. Agent may require Borrower to assemble the Collateral and make it available to Agent at a place designated by Agent that is reasonably convenient to Agent and Borrower. The proceeds of
any sale, disposition or other realization upon all or any part of the Collateral shall be applied by Agent in the following order of priorities: 

First, to Agent and Lender in an amount sufficient to pay in full Agent’s and Lender’s reasonable costs and professionals’ and
advisors’ fees and expenses as described in Section 11.11; 
 Second, to Lender in an amount equal to the then unpaid amount of the
Secured Obligations (including principal, interest, and the Default Rate interest), in such order and priority as Agent may choose in its sole discretion; and 

Finally, after the full and final payment in Cash of all of the Secured Obligations (other than inchoate obligations), to any creditor holding
a junior Lien on the Collateral, or to Borrower or its representatives or as a court of competent jurisdiction may direct. 
 Agent shall be
deemed to have acted reasonably in the custody, preservation and disposition of any of the Collateral if it complies with the obligations of a secured party under the UCC. 

10.3 No Waiver. Agent shall be under no obligation to marshal any of the Collateral for the benefit of Borrower or any other
Person, and Borrower expressly waives all rights, if any, to require Agent to marshal any Collateral. 

  
 35 

 10.4 Cumulative Remedies. The rights, powers and remedies of Agent hereunder
shall be in addition to all rights, powers and remedies given by statute or rule of law and are cumulative. The exercise of any one or more of the rights, powers and remedies provided herein shall not be construed as a waiver of or election of
remedies with respect to any other rights, powers and remedies of Agent. 
 SECTION 11. MISCELLANEOUS 

11.1 Severability. Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective
and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement shall be prohibited by or invalid under such law, such provision shall be ineffective only to the extent and duration of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the
remainder of such provision or the remaining provisions of this Agreement. 
 11.2 Notice. Except as otherwise provided
herein, any notice, demand, request, consent, approval, declaration, service of process or other communication (including the delivery of Financial Statements) that is required, contemplated, or permitted under the Loan Documents or with respect to
the subject matter hereof shall be in writing, and shall be deemed to have been validly served, given, delivered, and received upon the earlier of: (i) the day of transmission by electronic mail or hand delivery or delivery by an overnight
express service or overnight mail delivery service; or (ii) the third calendar day after deposit in the United States of America mails, with proper first class postage prepaid, in each case addressed to the party to be notified as follows: 

 

	 	(a)	 If to Agent: 

HERCULES CAPITAL, INC. 
 Legal
Department 
 Attention: Chief Legal Officer and Bryan Jadot 

400 Hamilton Avenue, Suite 310 

Palo Alto, CA 94301 
 email:

 Telephone: 
  

	 	(b)	 If to Lender: 

HERCULES CAPITAL, INC. 
 Legal
Department 
 Attention: Chief Legal Officer and Bryan Jadot 

400 Hamilton Avenue, Suite 310 

Palo Alto, CA 94301 
 email:

 Telephone: 

  
 36 

	 	(c)	 If to Borrower: 

X4 PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 

Attention: Adam Mostafa and Brian Bowersox 

955 Massachusetts Avenue, 4th Floor 

Boston, MA 02139 
 email: 

Telephone: 
 Mintz, Levin, Cohn,
Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C. 
 One Financial Center 

Boston, MA 02111 
 Attention:
John Cheney 
 email: jcheney@mintz.com 

Telephone: 617-542-6000 

or to such other address as each party may designate for itself by like notice. 

11.3 Entire Agreement; Amendments. 

(a) This Agreement and the other Loan Documents constitute the entire agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in
respect of the subject matter hereof and thereof, and supersede and replace in their entirety any prior proposals, term sheets, non-disclosure or confidentiality agreements, letters, negotiations or other
documents or agreements, whether written or oral, with respect to the subject matter hereof or thereof (including Agent’s revised proposal letter dated May 28, 2019 and accepted by Borrower on May 29, 2019 and the Non-Disclosure Agreement). For the avoidance of doubt, all security interests granted under the Original Agreement are hereby confirmed and ratified and shall continue to secure all Secured Obligations under this
Agreement. None of the terms of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents may be amended except by an instrument executed by each of the parties hereto. 

(b) Neither this Agreement, any other Loan Document, nor any terms hereof or thereof may be amended, supplemented or modified
except in accordance with the provisions of this Section 11.3(b). The Required Lenders and Borrower party to the relevant Loan Document may, or, with the written consent of the Required Lenders, the Agent and the Borrower party to the relevant
Loan Document may, from time to time, (i) enter into written amendments, supplements or modifications hereto and to the other Loan Documents for the purpose of adding any provisions to this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or changing in
any manner the rights of the Lenders or of the Borrower hereunder or thereunder or (ii) waive, on such terms and conditions as the Required Lenders or the Agent, as the case may be, may specify in such instrument, any of the requirements of
this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or any default or Event of Default and its consequences; provided, however, that no such waiver and no such amendment, supplement or modification shall (A) forgive the principal amount, extend the
final scheduled date of maturity of any Loan, extend the scheduled date of any amortization payment in respect of any Term Loan, or reduce the stated rate of any interest or fee payable hereunder, in each case without the written consent of each
Lender directly affected thereby; (B) eliminate or reduce the voting rights of any Lender under 

  
 37 

 
this Section 11.3(b) without the written consent of such Lender; (C) reduce any percentage specified in the definition of Required Lenders, consent to the assignment or transfer by the
Borrower of any of its rights and obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, release all or substantially all of the Collateral or release a Borrower from its obligations under the Loan Documents, in each case without the written
consent of all Lenders; or (D) amend, modify or waive any provision of Section 11.17 without the written consent of the Agent. Any such waiver and any such amendment, supplement or modification shall apply equally to each Lender and shall
be binding upon Borrower, the Lender, the Agent and all future holders of the Loans. 
 11.4 No Strict Construction. The
parties hereto have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement. In the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties hereto and
no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any provisions of this Agreement. 

11.5 No Waiver. The powers conferred upon Agent and Lender by this Agreement are solely to protect its rights hereunder and
under the other Loan Documents and its interest in the Collateral and shall not impose any duty upon Agent or Lender to exercise any such powers. No omission or delay by Agent or Lender at any time to enforce any right or remedy reserved to it, or
to require performance of any of the terms, covenants or provisions hereof by Borrower at any time designated, shall be a waiver of any such right or remedy to which Agent or Lender is entitled, nor shall it in any way affect the right of Agent or
Lender to enforce such provisions thereafter. 
 11.6 Survival. All agreements, representations and warranties contained in
this Agreement and the other Loan Documents or in any document delivered pursuant hereto or thereto shall be for the benefit of Agent and Lender and shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement. Sections 6.3, 8.1 and 11.14 shall
survive the termination of this Agreement. 
 11.7 Successors and Assigns. The provisions of this Agreement and the other
Loan Documents shall inure to the benefit of and be binding on Borrower and its permitted assigns (if any). Borrower shall not assign its obligations under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents without Agent’s express prior written
consent, and any such attempted assignment shall be void and of no effect. Agent and Lender may assign, transfer, or endorse its rights hereunder and under the other Loan Documents without prior notice to Borrower, and all of such rights shall inure
to the benefit of Agent’s and Lender’s successors and assigns; provided that as long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, neither Agent nor any Lender may assign, transfer or endorse its rights hereunder or under the Loan
Documents to any party that is a direct competitor of Borrower (as reasonably determined by Agent), it being acknowledged that in all cases, any transfer to an Affiliate of any Lender or Agent shall be allowed. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
(x) in connection with any assignment by a Lender as a result of a forced divestiture at the request of any regulatory agency, the restrictions set forth herein shall not apply and Agent and the Lenders may assign, transfer or indorse its
rights hereunder and under the other Loan Documents to any Person or party and (y) in 

  
 38 

 
connection with a Lender’s own financing or securitization transactions, the restrictions set forth herein shall not apply and Agent and the Lenders may assign, transfer or indorse its
rights hereunder and under the other Loan Documents to any Person or party providing such financing or formed to undertake such securitization transaction and any transferee of such Person or party upon the occurrence of a default, event of default
or similar occurrence with respect to such financing or securitization transaction; provided that no such sale, transfer, pledge or assignment under this clause (y) shall release such Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute
any such Person or party for such Lender as a party hereto until Agent shall have received and accepted an effective assignment agreement from such Person or party in form satisfactory to Agent executed, delivered and fully completed by the
applicable parties thereto, and shall have received such other information regarding such assignee as Agent reasonably shall require. The Agent, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of the Borrower, shall maintain at one of its offices in the
United States a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lender(s), and the Term Commitments of, and principal amounts (and stated interest) of the Loans owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the
“Register”). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and the Borrower, the Agent and the Lender(s) shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender
hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement. The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower and any Lender, at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice. 

11.8 Governing Law. This Agreement and the other Loan Documents have been negotiated and delivered to Agent and Lender in the
State of California, and shall have been accepted by Agent and Lender in the State of California. Payment to Agent and Lender by Borrower of the Secured Obligations is due in the State of California. This Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall
be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of California, excluding conflict of laws principles that would cause the application of laws of any other jurisdiction. 

11.9 Consent to Jurisdiction and Venue. All judicial proceedings (to the extent that the reference requirement of
Section 11.10 is not applicable) arising in or under or related to this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents may be brought in any state or federal court located in the State of California. By execution and delivery of this Agreement,
each party hereto generally and unconditionally: (a) consents to nonexclusive personal jurisdiction in Santa Clara County, State of California; (b) waives any objection as to jurisdiction or venue in Santa Clara County, State of
California; (c) agrees not to assert any defense based on lack of jurisdiction or venue in the aforesaid courts; and (d) irrevocably agrees to be bound by any judgment rendered thereby in connection with this Agreement or the other Loan
Documents. Service of process on any party hereto in any action arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be effective if given in accordance with the requirements for notice set forth in Section 11.2, and shall be deemed effective and
received as set forth in Section 11.2. Nothing herein shall affect the right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law or shall limit the right of either party to bring proceedings in the courts of any other jurisdiction. 

  
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 11.10 Mutual Waiver of Jury Trial / Judicial Reference. 

(a) Because disputes arising in connection with complex financial transactions are most quickly and economically resolved by an
experienced and expert Person and the parties wish applicable state and federal laws to apply (rather than arbitration rules), the parties desire that their disputes be resolved by a judge applying such applicable laws. EACH OF BORROWER, AGENT AND
LENDER SPECIFICALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO TRIAL BY JURY OF ANY CAUSE OF ACTION, CLAIM, CROSS-CLAIM, COUNTERCLAIM, THIRD PARTY CLAIM OR ANY OTHER CLAIM (COLLECTIVELY, “CLAIMS”) ASSERTED BY BORROWER AGAINST AGENT, LENDER OR THEIR
RESPECTIVE ASSIGNEE OR BY AGENT, LENDER OR THEIR RESPECTIVE ASSIGNEE AGAINST BORROWER. This waiver extends to all such Claims, including Claims that involve Persons other than Agent, Borrower and Lender; Claims that arise out of or are in any way
connected to the relationship among Borrower, Agent and Lender; and any Claims for damages, breach of contract, tort, specific performance, or any equitable or legal relief of any kind, arising out of this Agreement, any other Loan Document. 

(b) If the waiver of jury trial set forth in Section 11.10(a) is ineffective or unenforceable, the parties agree that all
Claims shall be resolved by reference to a private judge sitting without a jury, pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure Section 638, before a mutually acceptable referee or, if the parties cannot agree, a referee selected by the Presiding Judge of
the Santa Clara County, California. Such proceeding shall be conducted in Santa Clara County, California, with California rules of evidence and discovery applicable to such proceeding. 

(c) In the event Claims are to be resolved by judicial reference, either party may seek from a court identified in
Section 11.9, any prejudgment order, writ or other relief and have such prejudgment order, writ or other relief enforced to the fullest extent permitted by law notwithstanding that all Claims are otherwise subject to resolution by judicial
reference. 
 11.11 Professional Fees. Borrower promises to pay Agent’s and Lender’s reasonable and documented fees
and expenses necessary to finalize the loan documentation, including but not limited to reasonable and documented attorneys’ fees, UCC searches, filing costs, and other miscellaneous expenses. In addition, Borrower promises to pay any and all
reasonable and documented attorneys’ and other professionals’ fees and expenses incurred by Agent and Lender after the Closing Date in connection with or related to: (a) the Loan; (b) the administration, collection, or
enforcement of the Loan; (c) the amendment or modification of the Loan Documents; (d) any waiver, consent, release, or termination under the Loan Documents; (e) the protection, preservation, audit, field exam, sale, lease,
liquidation, or disposition of Collateral or the exercise of remedies with respect to the Collateral; (f) any legal, litigation, administrative, arbitration, or out of court proceeding in connection with or related to Borrower or the
Collateral, and any appeal or review thereof; and (g) any bankruptcy, restructuring, reorganization, assignment for the benefit of creditors, workout, foreclosure, or other action related to Borrower, the Collateral, the Loan Documents,
including representing Agent or Lender in any adversary proceeding or contested matter commenced or continued by or on behalf of Borrower’s estate, and any appeal or review thereof. 

  
 40 

 11.12 Confidentiality. Agent and Lender acknowledge that certain items of
Collateral and information provided to Agent and Lender, including items provided in connection with the Non-Disclosure Agreement, by Borrower are confidential and proprietary information of Borrower, if and
to the extent such information either (x) is marked as confidential by Borrower at the time of disclosure, or (y) should reasonably be understood to be confidential (the “Confidential Information”). Accordingly, Agent and Lender
agree that any Confidential Information it may obtain during the term of this Agreement shall not be disclosed to any other Person or entity in any manner whatsoever, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of Borrower, except that
Agent and Lender may disclose any such information: (a) to its own directors, officers, employees, accountants, counsel and other professional advisors and to its Affiliates if Agent or Lender in its sole discretion determines that any such
party should have access to such information in connection with such party’s responsibilities in connection with the Loan or this Agreement and, provided that such recipient of such Confidential Information either (i) agrees to be bound by
the confidentiality provisions of this paragraph or (ii) is otherwise subject to confidentiality restrictions that reasonably protect against the disclosure of Confidential Information; (b) if such information is generally available to the
public through no fault of Agent or Lender; (c) if required or appropriate in any report, statement or testimony submitted to any governmental authority having or claiming to have jurisdiction over Agent or Lender; (d) if required or
appropriate in response to any summons or subpoena or in connection with any litigation, to the extent permitted or deemed advisable by Agent’s or Lender’s counsel; (e) to comply with any legal requirement or law applicable to Agent
or Lender; (f) to the extent reasonably necessary in connection with the exercise of any right or remedy under any Loan Document, including Agent’s sale, lease, or other disposition of Collateral after an Event of Default; (g) to any
participant or assignee of Agent or Lender or any prospective participant or assignee; provided, that such participant or assignee or prospective participant or assignee agrees in writing to be bound by this Section prior to disclosure; or
(h) otherwise with the prior consent of Borrower; provided, that any disclosure made in violation of this Agreement shall not affect the obligations of Borrower or any of its Affiliates or any guarantor under this Agreement or the other Loan
Documents. Agent’s and Lender’s obligations under this Section 11.12 shall supersede all of their respective obligations under the Non-Disclosure Agreement. 

11.13 Assignment of Rights. Borrower acknowledges and understands that Agent or Lender may, subject to Section 11.7, sell
and assign all or part of its interest hereunder and under the Loan Documents to any Person or entity (an “Assignee”). After such assignment the term “Agent” or “Lender” as used in the Loan Documents shall mean and
include such Assignee, and such Assignee shall be vested with all rights, powers and remedies of Agent and Lender hereunder with respect to the interest so assigned; but with respect to any such interest not so transferred, Agent and Lender shall
retain all rights, powers and remedies hereby given. No such assignment by Agent or Lender shall relieve Borrower of any of its obligations hereunder. Lender agrees that in the event of any transfer by it of the Note(s)(if any), it will endorse
thereon a notation as to the portion of the principal of the Note(s), which shall have been paid at the time of such transfer and as to the date to which interest shall have been last paid thereon. 

  
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 11.14 Revival of Secured Obligations. This Agreement and the Loan Documents
shall remain in full force and effect and continue to be effective if any petition is filed by or against Borrower for liquidation or reorganization, if Borrower becomes insolvent or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, if a receiver or
trustee is appointed for all or any significant part of Borrower’s assets, or if any payment or transfer of Collateral is recovered from Agent or Lender. The Loan Documents and the Secured Obligations and Collateral security shall continue to
be effective, or shall be revived or reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time payment and performance of the Secured Obligations or any transfer of Collateral to Agent, or any part thereof is rescinded, avoided or avoidable, reduced in amount,
or must otherwise be restored or returned by, or is recovered from, Agent, Lender or by any obligee of the Secured Obligations, whether as a “voidable preference,” “fraudulent conveyance,” or otherwise, all as though such
payment, performance, or transfer of Collateral had not been made. In the event that any payment, or any part thereof, is rescinded, reduced, avoided, avoidable, restored, returned, or recovered, the Loan Documents and the Secured Obligations shall
be deemed, without any further action or documentation, to have been revived and reinstated except to the extent of the full, final, and indefeasible payment to Agent or Lender in Cash. 

11.15 Counterparts. This Agreement and any amendments, waivers, consents or supplements hereto may be executed in any number of
counterparts, and by different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so delivered shall be deemed an original, but all of which counterparts shall constitute but one and the same instrument. 

11.16 No Third Party Beneficiaries. No provisions of the Loan Documents are intended, nor will be interpreted, to provide or
create any third-party beneficiary rights or any other rights of any kind in any Person other than Agent, Lender and Borrower unless specifically provided otherwise herein, and, except as otherwise so provided, all provisions of the Loan Documents
will be personal and solely among Agent, the Lender and the Borrower. 
 11.17 Agency. 

(a) Lender hereby irrevocably appoints Hercules Capital, Inc. to act on its behalf as the Agent hereunder and under the other
Loan Documents and authorizes the Agent to take such actions on its behalf and to exercise such powers as are delegated to the Agent by the terms hereof or thereof, together with such actions and powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. 

(b) Lender agrees to indemnify the Agent in its capacity as such (to the extent not reimbursed by Borrower and without limiting
the obligation of Borrower to do so), according to its respective Term Commitment percentages (based upon the total outstanding Term Loan Commitments) in effect on the date on which indemnification is sought under this Section 11.17, from and
against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements of 

  
 42 

 
any kind whatsoever that may at any time be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against the Agent in any way relating to or arising out of, this Agreement, any of the other Loan Documents or any
documents contemplated by or referred to herein or therein or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby or any action taken or omitted by the Agent under or in connection with any of the foregoing; The agreements in this Section shall survive
the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder. 
 (c) Agent in Its Individual Capacity. The Person serving
as the Agent hereunder shall have the same rights and powers in its capacity as a Lender as any other Lender and may exercise the same as though it were not the Agent and the term “Lender” shall, unless otherwise expressly indicated or
unless the context otherwise requires, include each such Person serving as Agent hereunder in its individual capacity. 
 (d)
Exculpatory Provisions. The Agent shall have no duties or obligations except those expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Agent shall not: 

 

	 	(i)	 be subject to any fiduciary or other implied duties, regardless of whether any default or any Event of Default
has occurred and is continuing; 

  

	 	(ii)	 have any duty to take any discretionary action or exercise any discretionary powers, except discretionary
rights and powers expressly contemplated hereby or by the other Loan Documents that the Agent is required to exercise as directed in writing by the Lender, provided that the Agent shall not be required to take any action that, in its opinion or the
opinion of its counsel, may expose the Agent to liability or that is contrary to any Loan Document or applicable law; and 

  

	 	(iii)	 except as expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents, have any duty to disclose, and the Agent
shall not be liable for the failure to disclose, any information relating to the Borrower or any of its Affiliates that is communicated to or obtained by any Person serving as the Agent or any of its Affiliates in any capacity.

 (e) The Agent shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it (i) with the consent or
at the request of the Lender or as the Agent shall believe in good faith shall be necessary, under the circumstances or (ii) in the absence of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct. 

(f) The Agent shall not be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain or inquire into (i) any statement, warranty or
representation made in or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (ii) the contents of any certificate, report or other document delivered hereunder or thereunder or in connection herewith or therewith, (iii) the
performance or observance of any of the covenants, agreements or other terms or conditions set forth herein or therein or the occurrence of any default or Event of Default, (iv) the validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of this
Agreement, any other Loan Document or any other agreement, instrument or document or (v) the satisfaction of any condition set forth in Section 4 or elsewhere herein, other than to confirm receipt of items expressly required to be
delivered to the Agent. 

  
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 (g) Reliance by Agent. Agent may rely, and shall be fully protected in
acting, or refraining to act, upon, any resolution, statement, certificate, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond or other paper or document that it has no reason to believe to be other than genuine and to have been
signed or presented by the proper party or parties or, in the case of cables, telecopies and telexes, to have been sent by the proper party or parties. In the absence of its gross negligence or willful misconduct, Agent may conclusively rely, as to
the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to Agent and conforming to the requirements of the Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents. Agent may consult with
counsel, and any opinion or legal advice of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, not taken or suffered by Agent hereunder or under any Loan Documents in accordance therewith. Agent
shall have the right at any time to seek instructions concerning the administration of the Collateral from any court of competent jurisdiction. Agent shall not be under any obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers granted to Agent by this
Agreement, the Agreement and the other Loan Documents at the request or direction of Lenders unless Agent shall have been provided by Lender with adequate security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred by it
in compliance with such request or direction. 
 11.18 Publicity. None of the parties hereto nor any of its respective member
businesses and Affiliates shall, without the other parties’ prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), publicize or use (a) the other party’s name (including a brief description of the relationship
among the parties hereto), logo or hyperlink to such other parties’ web site, separately or together, in written and oral presentations, advertising, promotional and marketing materials, client lists, public relations materials or on its web
site (together, the “ Publicity Materials”); (b) the names of officers of such other parties in the Publicity Materials; and (c) such other parties’ name, trademarks, servicemarks in any news or press release concerning such
party; provided however, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no such consent shall be required (i) to the extent necessary to comply with the requests of any regulators, legal requirements or laws applicable to such party, pursuant
to any listing agreement with any national securities exchange (so long as such party provides prior notice to the other party hereto to the extent reasonably practicable) and (ii) to comply with Section 11.12. 

11.19 Multiple Borrowers. 

(a) Borrower’s Agent. Each of the Borrowers hereby irrevocably appoints the Company as its agent, attorney-in-fact and legal representative for all purposes, including requesting disbursement of the Term Loan and receiving account statements and other notices and
communications to Borrowers (or any of them) from the Agent or any Lender. The Agent may rely, and shall be fully protected in relying, on any request for the Term Loan, disbursement instruction, report, information or any other notice or

  
 44 

 
communication made or given by the Company, whether in its own name or on behalf of one or more of the other Borrowers, and the Agent shall not have any obligation to make any inquiry or request
any confirmation from or on behalf of any other Borrower as to the binding effect on it of any such request, instruction, report, information, other notice or communication, nor shall the joint and several character of the Borrowers’
obligations hereunder be affected thereby. 
 (b) Waivers. Each Borrower hereby waives: (i) any right to require the
Agent to institute suit against, or to exhaust its rights and remedies against, any other Borrower or any other person, or to proceed against any property of any kind which secures all or any part of the Secured Obligations, or to exercise any right
of offset or other right with respect to any reserves, credits or deposit accounts held by or maintained with the Agent or any Indebtedness of the Agent or any Lender to any other Borrower, or to exercise any other right or power, or pursue any
other remedy the Agent or any Lender may have; (ii) any defense arising by reason of any disability or other defense of any other Borrower or any guarantor or any endorser, co-maker or other person, or by
reason of the cessation from any cause whatsoever of any liability of any other Borrower or any guarantor or any endorser, co-maker or other person, with respect to all or any part of the Secured Obligations,
or by reason of any act or omission of the Agent or others which directly or indirectly results in the discharge or release of any other Borrower or any guarantor or any other person or any Secured Obligations or any security therefor, whether by
operation of law or otherwise; (iii) any defense arising by reason of any failure of the Agent to obtain, perfect, maintain or keep in force any Lien on, any property of any Borrower or any other person; (iv) any defense based upon or
arising out of any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, readjustment of debt, liquidation or dissolution proceeding commenced by or against any other Borrower or any guarantor or any endorser,
co-maker or other person, including without limitation any discharge of, or bar against collecting, any of the Secured Obligations (including without limitation any interest thereon), in or as a result of any
such proceeding. Until all of the Secured Obligations have been paid, performed, and discharged in full, nothing shall discharge or satisfy the liability of any Borrower hereunder except the full performance and payment of all of the Secured
Obligations. If any claim is ever made upon the Agent for repayment or recovery of any amount or amounts received by the Agent in payment of or on account of any of the Secured Obligations, because of any claim that any such payment constituted a
preferential transfer or fraudulent conveyance, or for any other reason whatsoever, and the Agent repays all or part of said amount by reason of any judgment, decree or order of any court or administrative body having jurisdiction over the Agent or
any of its property, or by reason of any settlement or compromise of any such claim effected by the Agent with any such claimant (including without limitation the any other Borrower), then and in any such event, each Borrower agrees that any such
judgment, decree, order, settlement and compromise shall be binding upon such Borrower, notwithstanding any revocation or release of this Agreement or the cancellation of any note or other instrument evidencing any of the Secured Obligations, or any
release of any of the Secured Obligations, and each Borrower shall be and remain liable to the Agent and the Lenders under this Agreement for the amount so repaid or recovered, to the same extent as if such amount had never originally been received
by the Agent or any Lender, and the provisions of this sentence shall survive, and continue in 

  
 45 

 effect, notwithstanding any revocation or release of this Agreement. Each Borrower hereby
expressly and unconditionally waives all rights of subrogation, reimbursement and indemnity of every kind against any other Borrower, and all rights of recourse to any assets or property of any other Borrower, and all rights to any collateral or
security held for the payment and performance of any Secured Obligations, including (but not limited to) any of the foregoing rights which Borrower may have under any present or future document or agreement with any other Borrower or other person,
and including (but not limited to) any of the foregoing rights which any Borrower may have under any equitable doctrine of subrogation, implied contract, or unjust enrichment, or any other equitable or legal doctrine. 

(c) Consents. Each Borrower hereby consents and agrees that, without notice to or by Borrower and without affecting or
impairing in any way the obligations or liability of Borrower hereunder, the Agent may, from time to time before or after revocation of this Agreement, do any one or more of the following in its sole and absolute discretion: (i) accept partial
payments of, compromise or settle, renew, extend the time for the payment, discharge, or performance of, refuse to enforce, and release all or any parties to, any or all of the Secured Obligations; (ii) grant any other indulgence to any
Borrower or any other Person in respect of any or all of the Secured Obligations or any other matter; (iii) accept, release, waive, surrender, enforce, exchange, modify, impair, or extend the time for the performance, discharge, or payment of,
any and all property of any kind securing any or all of the Secured Obligations or any guaranty of any or all of the Secured Obligations, or on which the Agent at any time may have a Lien, or refuse to enforce its rights or make any compromise or
settlement or agreement therefor in respect of any or all of such property; (iv) substitute or add, or take any action or omit to take any action which results in the release of, any one or more other Borrowers or any endorsers or guarantors of
all or any part of the Secured Obligations, including, without limitation one or more parties to this Agreement, regardless of any destruction or impairment of any right of contribution or other right of Borrower; (v) apply any sums received
from any other Borrower, any guarantor, endorser, or co-signer, or from the disposition of any Collateral or security, to any Indebtedness whatsoever owing from such person or secured by such Collateral or
security, in such manner and order as the Agent determines in its sole discretion, and regardless of whether such Indebtedness is part of the Secured Obligations, is secured, or is due and payable. Each Borrower consents and agrees that the Agent
shall be under no obligation to marshal any assets in favor of Borrower, or against or in payment of any or all of the Secured Obligations. Each Borrower further consents and agrees that the Agent shall have no duties or responsibilities whatsoever
with respect to any property securing any or all of the Secured Obligations. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Agent shall have no obligation to monitor, verify, audit, examine, or obtain or maintain any insurance with respect
to, any property securing any or all of the Secured Obligations. 
 (d) Independent Liability. Each Borrower hereby agrees
that one or more successive or concurrent actions may be brought hereon against such Borrower, in the same action in which any other Borrower may be sued or in separate actions, as often as deemed advisable by Agent. Each Borrower is fully aware of
the financial condition of each other Borrower and is executing and delivering this Agreement based solely upon its 

  
 46 

 
own independent investigation of all matters pertinent hereto, and such Borrower is not relying in any manner upon any representation or statement of the Agent or any Lender with respect thereto.
Each Borrower represents and warrants that it is in a position to obtain, and each Borrower hereby assumes full responsibility for obtaining, any additional information concerning any other Borrower’s financial condition and any other matter
pertinent hereto as such Borrower may desire, and such Borrower is not relying upon or expecting the Agent to furnish to it any information now or hereafter in the Agent’s possession concerning the same or any other matter. 

(e) Subordination. All Indebtedness of a Borrower now or hereafter arising held by another Borrower is subordinated to the
Secured Obligations and the Borrower holding the Indebtedness shall take all actions reasonably requested by Agent to effect, to enforce and to give notice of such subordination. 

11.20 Amendment and Restatement. This Agreement amends and restates in its entirety the Original Agreement effective as of the
date hereof. Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, this Agreement is not intended to and shall not serve to effect a novation of the “Secured Obligations” (as defined in the Original Agreement). Instead, it is the
express intention of the parties hereto to reaffirm the indebtedness, obligations and liabilities created under the Original Agreement which is secured by the Collateral pursuant to the terms of the applicable Loan Documents. Borrower ratifies,
affirms and confirms that the liens and security interests granted pursuant to the applicable Loan Documents, including without limitation the Pledge Agreements, secure the applicable indebtedness, liabilities and obligations of Borrower to Agent
and the Lenders under the Original Agreement, as amended and restated by this Agreement, the Loan Documents shall continue in full force and effect in accordance with their terms unless otherwise amended by the parties thereto, and that the term
“Secured Obligations” as used in the Loan Documents (or any other term used therein to describe or refer to the indebtedness, liabilities and obligations of Borrower to Agent and the Lenders) includes, without limitation, the indebtedness,
liabilities and obligations of Borrower under this Agreement, and under the Original Agreement, as amended and restated hereby, as the same further may be amended, modified, supplemented and/or restated from time to time and Borrower assumes all
such Secured Obligations. Pursuant to the definition of Borrower in this Agreement, the security interests granted pursuant to Section 3.1 and by the Pledge Agreements are granted by the Company and each other Person constituting the Borrower
in the Company’s and each such Person’s respective right, title and interest in and to any and all presently existing and hereafter created or acquired Collateral. The Loan Documents and all agreements, instruments and documents executed
or delivered in connection with any of the foregoing shall each be deemed to be amended to the extent necessary to give effect to the provisions of this Agreement. Each reference to the “Loan and Security Agreement” in any Loan Document
shall mean and be a reference to this Agreement (as further amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time). Cross-references in the Loan Documents to particular section numbers in the Original Agreement shall be deemed to
be cross-references to the corresponding sections, as applicable, of this Agreement. 

  
 47 

 11.21 Participations. Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting
solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrower, maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each participant and the principal amounts (and stated interest) of each
participant’s interest in the Loans or other obligations under the Loan Documents (the “Participant Register”); provided that no Lender shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including
the identity of any participant or any information relating to a participant’s interest in any commitments, loans, its other obligations under any Loan Document) to any Person except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish
that such commitment, loan, letter of credit or other obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103-1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations. The entries in the Participant Register shall be
conclusive absent manifest error, and such Lender shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary. For the
avoidance of doubt, the Agent (in its capacity as Agent) shall have no responsibility for maintaining a Participant Register. 
 (SIGNATURES
TO FOLLOW) 

  
 48 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Borrower, Agent and Lender have duly executed and delivered this Amended
and Restated Loan and Security Agreement as of the day and year first above written. 
  

			
	BORROWER:
	
	X4 PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. (F/K/A ARSANIS, INC.)
		
	Signature:	 	/s/ Adam Mostafa
	Print Name:	 	Adam Mostafa
	Title:	 	Chief Financial Officer

 
			
	
	X4 THERAPEUTICS, INC. (F/K/A X4 PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.)
		
	Signature:	 	/s/ Adam Mostafa
	Print Name:	 	Adam Mostafa
	Title:	 	Chief Financial Officer

 Accepted in Palo Alto, California: 

 

			
	AGENT:
	
	HERCULES CAPITAL, INC.
		
	Signature:	 	/s/ Jennifer Choe
	Print Name:	 	Jennifer Choe
	Title:	 	Assistant General Counsel

  

			
	LENDER:
	
	HERCULES CAPITAL, INC.
		
	Signature:	 	/s/ Jennifer Choe
	Print Name:	 	Jennifer Choe
	Title:	 	Assistant General Counsel

  

			
	LENDER:
	
	HERCULES CAPITAL FUNDING TRUST 2019-1
		
	Signature:	 	/s/ Jennifer Choe
	Print Name:	 	Jennifer Choe
	Title:	 	Assistant General Counsel

 Table of Exhibits and Schedules 

Addendum 1: Taxes; Increased Costs 
  

			
	Exhibit A:	  	 Advance Request
 Attachment to Advance
Request

		
	Exhibit B:	  	Term Note
		
	Exhibit C:	  	Name, Locations, and Other Information for Borrower
		
	Exhibit D:	  	Borrower’s Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights and Licenses
		
	Exhibit E:	  	Borrower’s Deposit Accounts and Investment Accounts
		
	Exhibit F:	  	Compliance Certificate
		
	Exhibit G:	  	Joinder Agreement
		
	Exhibit H:	  	ACH Debit Authorization Agreement
		
	Exhibit I-1:	  	Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Lenders That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)
		
	Exhibit I-2:	  	Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Participants That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)
		
	Exhibit I-3:	  	Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Participants That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)
		
	Exhibit I-4:	  	Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Lenders That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)
		
	Schedule 1	  	Subsidiaries
	Schedule 1.1	  	Commitments
	Schedule 1A	  	Existing Permitted Indebtedness
	Schedule 1B	  	Existing Permitted Investments
	Schedule 1C	  	Existing Permitted Liens
	Schedule 5.3	  	Consents, Etc.
	Schedule 5.5	  	Actions Before Governmental Authorities
	Schedule 5.8	  	Tax Matters
	Schedule 5.9	  	Intellectual Property Claims
	Schedule 5.10	  	Intellectual Property
	Schedule 5.11	  	Borrower Products
	Schedule 5.14	  	Capitalization

 ADDENDUM 1 to 

AMENDED AND RESTATED LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT 

TAXES; INCREASED COSTS 
  

	1.	 Defined Terms. For purposes of this Addendum 1: 

 

	 	a.	 “Connection Income Taxes” means Other Connection Taxes that are imposed on or measured by net
income (however denominated) or that are franchise Taxes or branch profits Taxes. 

  

	 	b.	 “Excluded Taxes” means any of the following Taxes imposed on or with respect to a Recipient or
required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to a Recipient, (i) Taxes imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated), franchise Taxes, and branch profits Taxes, in each case, (A) imposed as a result of such Recipient
being organized under the laws of, or having its principal office or, in the case of any Lender, its applicable lending office located in, the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (or any political subdivision thereof) or (B) that are Other
Connection Taxes, (ii) in the case of a Lender, U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed on amounts payable to or for the account of such Lender with respect to an applicable interest in a Loan or Term Commitment pursuant to a law in effect on
the date on which (A) such Lender acquires such interest in the Loan or Term Commitment or (B) such Lender changes its lending office, except in each case to the extent that, pursuant to Section 2 or Section 4 of this Addendum 1,
amounts with respect to such Taxes were payable either to such Lender’s assignor immediately before such Lender became a party hereto or to such Lender immediately before it changed its lending office, (iii) Taxes attributable to such
Recipient’s failure to comply with Section 7 of this Addendum 1 and (iv) any withholding Taxes imposed under FATCA. 

  

	 	c.	 “FATCA” means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, as of the date of this Agreement (or any
amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with), any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof, any agreements entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b)(1) of
the Code, and any fiscal or regulatory legislation, rules or practices adopted pursuant to any intergovernmental agreement, treaty or convention among governmental authorities and implementing such Sections of the Code. 

 

	 	d.	 “Foreign Lender” means a Lender that is not a U.S. Person. 

 

	 	e.	 “Indemnified Taxes” means (i) Taxes, other than Excluded Taxes, imposed on or with
respect to any payment made by or on account of any obligation of the Borrower under any Loan Document and (ii) to the extent not otherwise described in clause (i), Other Taxes. 

	 	f.	 “Other Connection Taxes” means, with respect to any Recipient, Taxes imposed as a result of a
present or former connection between such Recipient and the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (other than connections arising from such Recipient having executed, delivered, become a party to, performed its obligations under, received payments under,
received or perfected a security interest under, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to or enforced any Loan Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any Loan or Loan Document). 

 

	 	g.	 “Other Taxes” means all present or future stamp, court or documentary, intangible, recording,
filing or similar Taxes that arise from any payment made under, from the execution, delivery, performance, enforcement or registration of, from the receipt or perfection of a security interest under, or otherwise with respect to, any Loan Document,
except any such Taxes that are Other Connection Taxes imposed with respect to an assignment. 

  

	 	h.	 “Recipient” means the Agent or any Lender, as applicable. 

 

	 	i.	 “Taxes” means all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings
(including backup withholding), assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any governmental authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto. 

 

	 	j.	 “Withholding Agent” means the Borrower and the Agent. 

 

	2.	 Payments Free of Taxes. Any and all payments by or on account of any obligation of the Borrower under
any Loan Document shall be made without deduction or withholding for any Taxes, except as required by applicable law. If any applicable law (as determined in the good faith discretion of an applicable Withholding Agent) requires the deduction or
withholding of any Tax from any such payment by a Withholding Agent, then the applicable Withholding Agent shall be entitled to make such deduction or withholding and shall timely pay the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant governmental
authority in accordance with applicable law and, if such Tax is an Indemnified Tax, then the sum payable by the Borrower shall be increased as necessary so that after such deduction or withholding has been made (including such deductions and
withholdings applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 2 or Section 4 of this Addendum 1) the applicable Recipient receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deduction or withholding been made.

  

	3.	 Payment of Other Taxes by Borrower. The Borrower shall timely pay to the relevant governmental authority
in accordance with applicable law, or at the option of the Agent timely reimburse it for the payment of, any Other Taxes. 

  

	4.	 Indemnification by Borrower. The Borrower shall indemnify each Recipient, within 10 days after demand
therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under Section 2 of this Addendum 1 or this Section 4) payable or paid by such Recipient or
required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to such Recipient and any reasonable expenses arising 

  
 2 

	 	
therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant governmental authority. A certificate as to the amount of
such payment or liability delivered to the Borrower by a Lender (with a copy to the Agent), or by the Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender, shall be conclusive absent manifest error. In addition, the Borrower agrees to pay, and to save
the Agent and any Lender harmless from, any and all liabilities with respect to, or resulting from any delay in paying, any and all excise, sales or other similar taxes (excluding taxes imposed on or measured by the net income of the Agent or such
Lender) that may be payable or determined to be payable with respect to any of the Collateral or this Agreement. 

  

	5.	 Indemnification by the Lenders. Each Lender shall severally indemnify the Agent, within 10 days after
demand therefor, for (a) any Indemnified Taxes attributable to such Lender (but only to the extent that the Borrower has not already indemnified the Agent for such Indemnified Taxes and without limiting the obligation of the Borrower to do so),
(b) any Taxes attributable to such Lender’s failure to comply with the provisions of Section 11.21 of the Agreement relating to the maintenance of a Participant Register and (c) any Excluded Taxes attributable to such Lender, in each
case, that are payable or paid by the Agent in connection with any Loan Document, and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant
governmental authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Lender by the Agent shall be conclusive absent manifest error. Each Lender hereby authorizes the Agent to set off and apply any and all amounts at
any time owing to such Lender under any Loan Document or otherwise payable by the Agent to the Lender from any other source against any amount due to the Agent under this Section 5. 

 

	6.	 Evidence of Payments. As soon as practicable after any payment of Taxes by the Borrower to a
governmental authority pursuant to the provisions of this Addendum 1, the Borrower shall deliver to the Agent the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such governmental authority evidencing such payment, a copy of the return reporting
such payment or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Agent. 

  

	7.	 Status of Lenders. 

 

	 	a.	 Any Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding Tax with respect to payments made
under any Loan Document shall deliver to the Borrower and the Agent, at the time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Agent, such properly completed and executed documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Agent as will
permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate of withholding. In addition, any Lender, if reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Agent, shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by applicable law or reasonably
requested by the Borrower or the Agent as will enable the Borrower or the Agent to determine whether or not such Lender is subject to backup withholding or information reporting requirements. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding
two sentences, the completion, execution and submission of such documentation (other than such documentation set forth in Sections 7(b)(i), 7(b)(ii) and 7(b)(iv) of this Addendum 1) shall not be required if in the Lender’s reasonable judgment
such completion, execution or submission would subject such Lender to any material unreimbursed cost or expense or would materially prejudice the legal or commercial position of such Lender. 

  
 3 

	 	b.	 Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the event that the Borrower is a U.S. Person,

  

	 	i.	 any Lender that is a U.S. Person shall deliver to the Borrower and the Agent on or prior to the date on which
such Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Agent), executed copies of IRS Form W-9 certifying that such Lender is
exempt from U.S. federal backup withholding tax; 

  

	 	ii.	 any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Agent
(in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Agent),
whichever of the following is applicable: 

  

	 	A.	 in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of an income tax treaty to which the United States is a
party (x) with respect to payments of interest under any Loan Document, executed copies of IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form
W-8BEN-E establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “interest” article of such tax treaty and (y) with
respect to any other applicable payments under any Loan Document, IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E establishing an exemption
from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “business profits” or “other income” article of such tax treaty; 

  

	 	B.	 executed copies of IRS Form W-8ECI; 

 

	 	C.	 in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under
Section 881(c) of the Code, (x) a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit I-1 to the effect that such Foreign Lender is not a “bank” within the meaning of
Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, a “10 percent shareholder” of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code, or a “controlled foreign corporation” related to the Borrower as described in
Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code (a “U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate”) and (y) executed copies of IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E; or 

  
 4 

	 	D.	 to the extent a Foreign Lender is not the beneficial owner, executed copies of IRS Form W-8IMY, accompanied by IRS Form W-8ECI, IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form
W-8BEN-E, a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit I-2 or
Exhibit I-3, IRS Form W-9, and/or other certification documents from each beneficial owner, as applicable; provided that if the Foreign Lender is a partnership
and one or more direct or indirect partners of such Foreign Lender are claiming the portfolio interest exemption, such Foreign Lender may provide a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of
Exhibit I-4 on behalf of each such direct and indirect partner; 

  

	 	iii.	 any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Agent
(in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Agent),
executed copies of any other form prescribed by applicable law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in U.S. federal withholding Tax, duly completed, together with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by applicable
law to permit the Borrower or the Agent to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made; and 

  

	 	iv.	 if a payment made to a Lender under any Loan Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding Tax imposed
by FATCA if such Lender were to fail to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in Section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Code, as applicable), such Lender shall deliver to the Borrower and the Agent at
the time or times prescribed by law and at such time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Agent such documentation prescribed by applicable law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Code) and such
additional documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Agent as may be necessary for the Borrower and the Agent to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such Lender’s
obligations under FATCA or to determine the amount, if any, to deduct and withhold from such payment. Solely for purposes of this clause (iv), “FATCA” shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the date of this Agreement.

  

	 	c.	 Each Lender agrees that if any form or certification it previously delivered expires or becomes obsolete or
inaccurate in any respect, it shall update such form or certification or promptly notify the Borrower and the Agent in writing of its legal inability to do so. 

 

	8.	 Treatment of Certain Refunds. If any party determines, in its sole discretion exercised in good faith,
that it has received a refund of any Taxes as to which it has been indemnified pursuant to the provisions of this Addendum 1 (including by the payment of additional amounts pursuant to the provisions of this Addendum 1), it shall pay to the
indemnifying party an amount equal to such refund (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made under the provisions of this Addendum 1 with respect to the Taxes giving rise to such

  
 5 

	 	
refund), net of all out-of-pocket expenses (including Taxes) of such indemnified party and without interest (other
than any interest paid by the relevant governmental authority with respect to such refund). Such indemnifying party, upon the request of such indemnified party, shall repay to such indemnified party the amount paid over pursuant to this
Section 8 (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant governmental authority) in the event that such indemnified party is required to repay such refund to such governmental authority. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary in this Section 8, in no event will the indemnified party be required to pay any amount to an indemnifying party pursuant to this Section 8 the payment of which would place the indemnified party in a less favorable net after-Tax position than the indemnified party would have been in if the Tax subject to indemnification and giving rise to such refund had not been deducted, withheld or otherwise imposed and the indemnification
payments or additional amounts with respect to such Tax had never been paid. This Section 8 shall not be construed to require any indemnified party to make available its Tax returns (or any other information relating to its Taxes that it deems
confidential) to the indemnifying party or any other Person. 

  

	9.	 Increased Costs. If any change in applicable law shall subject any Recipient to any Taxes (other than
(A) Indemnified Taxes, (B) Taxes described in clauses (ii) through (iv) of the definition of Excluded Taxes and (C) Connection Income Taxes) on its loans, loan principal, commitments, or other obligations, or its deposits,
reserves, other liabilities or capital attributable thereto, and the result shall be to increase the cost to such Recipient of making, converting to, continuing or maintaining any Term Loan or of maintaining its obligation to make any such Loan, or
to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Recipient (whether of principal, interest or any other amount), then, upon the request of such Recipient, the Borrower will pay to such Recipient such additional amount or amounts as
will compensate such Recipient for such additional costs incurred or reduction suffered. 

  

	10.	 Survival. Each party’s obligations under the provisions of this Addendum 1 shall survive the
resignation or replacement of the Agent or any assignment of rights by, or the replacement of, a Lender, the termination of the Term Commitments and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all obligations under any Loan Document.

  
 6 

 EXHIBIT A 

ADVANCE REQUEST 
  

									
	 To:
	    	 Agent:
	  		  	 Date:
	  	
                     
   

		    	 Hercules Capital, Inc. (the “Agent”)
	  		  		  	
		    	 400 Hamilton Avenue, Suite 310
	  		  		  	
		    	 Palo Alto, CA 94301
	  		  		  	
		    	 email:
	  		  		  	
		    	 Attn:
	  		  		  	

 X4 Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Borrower”) hereby requests from Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Lender”) an Advance in
the amount of                      Dollars ($            ) on
            ,          (the “Advance Date”) pursuant to the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement among Borrower,
Agent and Lender (the “Agreement”). Capitalized words and other terms used but not otherwise defined herein are used with the same meanings as defined in the Agreement. 

Please: 
  

													
	             
	 	 (a)
	    	Issue a check payable to Borrower	  	                    	  		  			
						
	 	 	 	    	or	  	 	  	 	  	 	 
						
		 	 (b)
	    	Wire Funds to Borrower’s account	  	                    	  		  			
						
	 	 	 	    	Bank:	  	  
	  	 	  	 	 
	 	 	 	    	Address:	  	  
	  	 	  	 	 
	 	 	 	    	 	  	  
	  	 	  	 	 
	 	 	 	    	ABA Number:	  	  
	  	 	  	 	 
	 	 	 	    	Account Number:	  	  
	  	 	  	 	 
	 	 	 	    	Account Name:	  	  
	  	 	  	 	 
	 	 	 	    	Contact Person:	  	  
	  	 	  	 	 
	 	 	 	    	Phone Number	  	 	  	 	  	 	 
	 	 	 	    	To Verify Wire Info:	  	  
	  	 	  	 	 
	 	 	 	    	Email address:	  	  
	  	 	  	 	 

 Borrower represents that the conditions precedent to the Advance set forth in the Agreement are satisfied and
shall be satisfied upon the making of such Advance, including but not limited to: (i) that no event that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect has occurred and is continuing; (ii) that the
representations and warranties set forth in the Agreement are and shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Advance Date with the same effect as though made on and as of such date, except to the extent such representations
and warranties expressly relate to an earlier date; (iii) that Borrower is in compliance with all the terms and provisions set forth in each Loan Document on its part to be observed or performed; and (iv) that as of the Advance Date, no
fact or condition exists that could (or could, with the passage of time, the giving of notice, or both) constitute an Event of 

 
Default under the Loan Documents. Borrower understands and acknowledges that Agent has the right to review the financial information supporting this representation and, based upon such review in
its sole discretion, Lender may decline to fund the requested Advance. 
 Borrower hereby represents that Borrower’s corporate status
and locations have not changed since the date of the Agreement or, if the Attachment to this Advance Request is completed, are as set forth in the Attachment to this Advance Request. 

Borrower agrees to notify Agent promptly before the funding of the Loan if any of the matters which have been represented above shall not be
true and correct on the Borrowing Date and if Agent has received no such notice before the Advance Date then the statements set forth above shall be deemed to have been made and shall be deemed to be true and correct as of the Advance Date. 

Executed as of [                ],
20[    ]. 
  

			
	 BORROWER: X4 PHARMACEUTICALS,
INC.

 
			
		
	 SIGNATURE:
	 	  

 
			
	 TITLE:
	 	  

 
			
	 PRINT NAME:
	 	  

 ATTACHMENT TO ADVANCE REQUEST 

Dated:                      

Borrower hereby represents and warrants to Agent that the Company’s current name and organizational status is as follows: 

 

			
	Name:	    	X4 Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
		
	Type of organization:	    	Corporation
		
	State of organization:	    	Delaware
		
	Organization file number:	    	4851982

 Borrower hereby represents and warrants to Agent that the street addresses, cities, states and postal codes of its current
locations are as follows: 

 EXHIBIT B 

SECURED TERM PROMISSORY NOTE 
  

			
	 $[            ],000,000
	  	Advance Date:              , 20[    ]
		
		  	Maturity Date:              , 20[    ]

 FOR VALUE RECEIVED, X4 PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware corporation, for itself and each of its Qualified
Subsidiaries (the “Borrower”) hereby promises to pay to the order of Hercules Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation, or the holder of this Note (the “Lender”) at 400 Hamilton Avenue, Suite 310, Palo Alto, CA 94301 or such other
place of payment as the holder of this Secured Term Promissory Note (this “Promissory Note”) may specify from time to time in writing, in lawful money of the United States of America, the principal amount of
[            ] Million Dollars ($[            ],000,000) or such other principal amount as Lender has advanced to Borrower,
together with interest at a rate as set forth in Section 2.2(c) of the Loan Agreement based upon a year consisting of 360 days, with interest computed daily based on the actual number of days in each month. 

This Promissory Note is the Note referred to in, and is executed and delivered in connection with, that certain Amended and Restated Loan and
Security Agreement dated June 27, 2019, by and among Borrower, Hercules Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Agent”) and the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time party thereto as lender
(as the same may from time to time be amended, modified or supplemented in accordance with its terms, the “Loan Agreement”), and is entitled to the benefit and security of the Loan Agreement and the other Loan Documents (as defined in the
Loan Agreement), to which reference is made for a statement of all of the terms and conditions thereof. All payments shall be made in accordance with the Loan Agreement. All terms defined in the Loan Agreement shall have the same definitions when
used herein, unless otherwise defined herein. An Event of Default under the Loan Agreement shall constitute a default under this Promissory Note. 

Borrower waives presentment and demand for payment, notice of dishonor, protest and notice of protest under the UCC or any applicable law.
Borrower agrees to make all payments under this Promissory Note without setoff, recoupment or deduction and regardless of any counterclaim or defense. This Promissory Note has been negotiated and delivered to Lender and is payable in the State of
California. This Promissory Note shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of California, excluding any conflicts of law rules or principles that would cause the application of the laws of any other
jurisdiction. 
  

							
	BORROWER FOR ITSELF AND	 		 		 	
	ON BEHALF OF ITS QUALIFIED SUBSIDIARIES:	 	                	 	      X4 PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

							
				
	 	 	 	 	By:	 	  

				
	 	 	 	 	Title:	 	  

 EXHIBIT C 

NAME, LOCATIONS, AND OTHER INFORMATION FOR BORROWER 

1. Borrower represents and warrants to Agent that 

(a) the Company’s current name and organizational status as of the Closing Date is as follows: 

 

			
	Name:	  	X4 Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
		
	Type of organization:	  	Corporation
		
	State of organization:	  	Delaware
		
	Organization file number:	  	4851982

 (b) Therapeutics’ current name and organizational status as of the Closing Date is as
follows: 
  

			
	Name:	  	X4 Therapeutics, Inc.
		
	Type of organization:	  	Corporation
		
	State of organization:	  	Delaware
		
	Organization file number:	  	5568691

 2. Borrower represents and warrants to Agent that for five (5) years prior to the Closing Date, Borrower
did not do business under any other name or organization or form except the following: 
 Name: 

Used during dates of: 
 Type of
Organization: 
 State of organization: 

Organization file Number: 

Borrower’s fiscal year ends on
                     

Borrower’s federal employer tax identification number is:
                         

3. Borrower represents and warrants to Agent that its chief executive office is located at
                    . 

 EXHIBIT F 

COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE 
 Hercules Capital,
Inc. (as “Agent”) 
 400 Hamilton Avenue, Suite 310 

Palo Alto, CA 94301 
 Reference is made to that
certain Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated June 27, 2019 and the Loan Documents (as defined therein) entered into in connection with such Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement all as may be amended from time to
time (hereinafter referred to collectively as the “Loan Agreement”) by and among Hercules Capital, Inc. (the “Agent”), the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time party thereto (collectively,
the “Lender”) and Hercules Capital, Inc., as agent for the Lender (the “Agent”) and X4 Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) as Borrower. All capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the same meaning as defined
in the Loan Agreement. 
 The undersigned is an Officer of the Company, knowledgeable of all Company financial matters, and is authorized to
provide certification of information regarding the Company; hereby certifies, in such capacity, that in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Loan Agreement, the Company is in compliance for the period ending
                     of all covenants, conditions and terms and hereby reaffirms that all representations and warranties contained therein are
true and correct on and as of the date of this Compliance Certificate with the same effect as though made on and as of such date, except to the extent such representations and warranties expressly relate to an earlier date, after giving effect in
all cases to any standard(s) of materiality contained in the Loan Agreement as to such representations and warranties. Attached are the required documents supporting the above certification. The undersigned further certifies that these are prepared
in accordance with GAAP (except for the absence of footnotes with respect to unaudited financial statement and subject to normal year end adjustments) and are consistent from one period to the next except as explained below. 

 

					
	REPORTING REQUIREMENT	  	REQUIRED	  	 CHECK IF
 ATTACHED

			
	Interim Financial Statements	  	Monthly within 30 days	  	
			
	Interim Financial Statements	  	Quarterly within 45 days (for first 3 calendar quarters)	  	
			
	Audited Financial Statements	  	FYE within 90 days	  	
			
	Budget and forecast	  	At least annually within 60 days following FYE	  	

 7.12 DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS 

(A)     Are all Cash balances held by Borrower held in accounts subject to an Account Control Agreement, other than Excluded
Accounts?             Yes          No 

(B)    Is the Cash held by the Excluded Subsidiary less than the sum of (i) 70% of the outstanding Indebtedness under the FFG Agreement
and (ii) $5,000,000?          Yes             No 

7.22 MINIMUM CASH 
 (A)    Are all Cash
balances held by Borrower (excluding the Security Corporation) held in accounts subject to an Account Control Agreement of an amount greater than or equal to 125% of the aggregate principal amount of Term Loan Advances
outstanding?             Yes             No 

(B)    If No, is the Security Corporation holding any Cash?          Yes
         No 
 (C)    If No, is the Excluded Subsidiary holding more than $2,500,000 in
Cash? 
          Yes          No 

The undersigned hereby also confirms the below disclosed accounts represent all depository accounts and securities accounts presently open in the name of each
Borrower or Borrower Subsidiary/Affiliate, as applicable. 
 Each new account that has been opened since delivery of the previous Compliance Certificate is
designated below with a “*”. 
  

																			
	  	 	  	 	Depository
AC #	 	 	Financial
Institution	 	 	Account Type
(Depository /
Securities)	 	  	 Last Month

Ending
 Account

Balance
	  	
Purpose of

Account

	 BORROWER

Name/Address:
	 	 
	 	 	1	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	2	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	3	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	4	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	5	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	6	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	7	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 

																			
	 BORROWER

SUSIDIARY /
 AFFILIATE

COMPANY
 Name/Address
	 	 
	 	 	1	 	 	                    
  	 	 	 	                    
	 	 	 	                    
	 	  	                
                    	  	             
                           
	 	2	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	3	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	4	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	5	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	6	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	7	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	  	 

  

			
	Very Truly Yours,
	
	X4 PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		
	By:	 	  

	Name:	 	  

	Its:	 	  

 EXHIBIT G 

FORM OF JOINDER AGREEMENT 

This Joinder Agreement (the “Joinder Agreement”) is made and dated as of
[            ], 20[    ], and is entered into by and between
                    ., a              corporation
(“Subsidiary”), and HERCULES CAPITAL, INC., a Maryland corporation (as “Agent”). 
 RECITALS 

A. Subsidiary’s Affiliate, X4 Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Company”) has entered into that certain Amended and Restated Loan and
Security Agreement dated as of June 27, 2019, with the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time party thereto as lender (collectively, the “Lender”) and the Agent, as such agreement may be amended
(the “Loan Agreement”), together with the other agreements executed and delivered in connection therewith; 
 B. Subsidiary
acknowledges and agrees that it will benefit both directly and indirectly from Company’s execution of the Loan Agreement and the other agreements executed and delivered in connection therewith; 

AGREEMENT 
 NOW THEREFORE,
Subsidiary and Agent agree as follows: 
  

	1.	 The recitals set forth above are incorporated into and made part of this Joinder Agreement. Capitalized terms
not defined herein shall have the meaning provided in the Loan Agreement. 

  

	2.	 By signing this Joinder Agreement, Subsidiary shall be bound by the terms and conditions of the Loan Agreement
the same as if it were the Borrower (as defined in the Loan Agreement) under the Loan Agreement, mutatis mutandis, provided however, that (a) with respect to (i) Section 5.1 of the Loan Agreement, Subsidiary represents that it is an
entity duly organized, legally existing and in good standing under the laws of [            ], (b) neither Agent nor Lender shall have any duties, responsibilities or obligations to
Subsidiary arising under or related to the Loan Agreement or the other Loan Documents, (c) that if Subsidiary is covered by Company’s insurance, Subsidiary shall not be required to maintain separate insurance or comply with the provisions
of Sections 6.1 and 6.2 of the Loan Agreement, and (d) that as long as Company satisfies the requirements of Section 7.1 of the Loan Agreement, Subsidiary shall not have to provide Agent separate Financial Statements. To the extent that
Agent or Lender has any duties, responsibilities or obligations arising under or related to the Loan Agreement or the other Loan Documents, those duties, responsibilities or obligations shall flow only to Company and not to Subsidiary or any other
Person or entity. By way of example (and not an exclusive list): (i) Agent’s providing notice to Company in accordance with the Loan Agreement or as otherwise agreed among Company, Agent and Lender shall be deemed provided to Subsidiary;
(ii) a Lender’s providing an Advance to Company shall be deemed an Advance to Subsidiary; and (iii) Subsidiary shall have no right to request an Advance or make any other demand on Lender. 

 

	3.	 Subsidiary agrees not to certificate its equity securities without Agent’s prior written consent, which
consent may be conditioned on the delivery of such equity securities to Agent in order to perfect Agent’s security interest in such equity securities. 

	4.	 Subsidiary acknowledges that it benefits, both directly and indirectly, from the Loan Agreement, and hereby
waives, for itself and on behalf on any and all successors in interest (including without limitation any assignee for the benefit of creditors, receiver, bankruptcy trustee or itself as
debtor-in-possession under any bankruptcy proceeding) to the fullest extent provided by law, any and all claims, rights or defenses to the enforcement of this Joinder
Agreement on the basis that (a) it failed to receive adequate consideration for the execution and delivery of this Joinder Agreement or (b) its obligations under this Joinder Agreement are avoidable as a fraudulent conveyance.

  

	5.	 As security for the prompt, complete payment when due (whether on the payment dates or otherwise) of all the
Secured Obligations, Subsidiary grants to Agent a security interest in all of Subsidiary’s right, title, and interest in and to the Collateral. 

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] 

 [SIGNATURE PAGE TO JOINDER AGREEMENT] 

SUBSIDIARY: 

                          
                                      . 

 

			
		 	 By:

		 	 Name:

		 	 Title:

		
		 	 Address:

		
		 	 Telephone:
                        

		 	 email:
                        

 AGENT: 
  

			
	HERCULES CAPITAL, INC.
		
		 	
By:                  
                                         
 

		 	
Name:                  
                                       

		 	
Title:                  
                                         
 

		
		 	 Address:

		 	 400 Hamilton Ave., Suite 310

		 	 Palo Alto, CA 94301 

		 	 email:

		 	 Telephone:

 EXHIBIT H 

ACH DEBIT AUTHORIZATION AGREEMENT 

Hercules Capital, Inc. 
 400 Hamilton Avenue, Suite 310 

Palo Alto, CA 94301 
 Re: Amended and Restated
Loan and Security Agreement dated June 27, 2019 (the “Agreement”) by and among X4 Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Borrower”) and Hercules Capital, Inc., as agent (“Company”) and the lenders party thereto (collectively, the
“Lender”) 
 In connection with the above referenced Agreement, the Borrower hereby authorizes the Company to initiate debit entries for
(i) the periodic payments due under the Agreement and (ii) out-of-pocket legal fees and costs incurred by Agent or Lender pursuant to Section 11.11 of the
Agreement to the Borrower’s account indicated below. The Borrower authorizes the depository institution named below to debit to such account. 
  

					
	 DEPOSITORY NAME

 
 	  	 BRANCH

 
 	  	
	 CITY

 
 	  	 STATE AND ZIP CODE

 
 	  	
	TRANSIT/ABA NUMBER 	  	ACCOUNT NUMBER 	  	

 This authority will remain in full force and effect so long as any amounts are due under the Agreement. 

[signature page follows] 

			
	X4 PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

			
		
	By:	 	  

		
	Date:	 	  

 [signature page to ACH Debit Authorization Agreement] 

 EXHIBIT I-1 

FORM OF U.S. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE 

(For Foreign Lenders That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes) 

Reference is hereby made to that certain Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated as of June 27, 2019 (as amended,
supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Loan Agreement”) by and between X4 PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware corporation, and each of its Subsidiaries (as defined in the Loan Agreement) (hereinafter collectively referred
to as the “Borrower”), the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties to the Loan Agreement (collectively, referred to as the “Lenders”), and HERCULES CAPITAL, INC., a Maryland
corporation, in its capacity as administrative agent and collateral agent for itself and the Lenders (in such capacity, the “Agent”). 

Pursuant to the provisions of Addendum 1 of the Loan Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record and
beneficial owner of the Loan(s) (as well as any promissory note(s) evidencing such Loan(s)) in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) it is not a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code,
(iii) it is not a “ten percent shareholder” of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code and (iv) it is not a “controlled foreign corporation” related to the Borrower as described in
Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code. 
 The undersigned has furnished the Agent and the Borrower with a certificate of its non-U.S. Person status on IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E. By executing this
certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided in this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform the Borrower and the Agent, and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished the
Borrower and the Agent with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments. 

Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Loan Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Loan
Agreement. 
  

					
	Date:              , 20    	  	[NAME OF LENDER]
			
		  	By:	  	  

		  	Name:	  	  

		  	Title:	  	  

 EXHIBIT I-2 

FORM OF U.S. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE 

(For Foreign Participants That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes) 

Reference is hereby made to that certain Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated as of June 27, 2019 (as amended,
supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Loan Agreement”) by and between X4 PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware corporation, and each of its Subsidiaries (as defined in the Loan Agreement) (hereinafter collectively referred
to as the “Borrower”), the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties to the Loan Agreement (collectively, referred to as the “Lenders”), and HERCULES CAPITAL, INC., a Maryland
corporation, in its capacity as administrative agent and collateral agent for itself and the Lenders (in such capacity, the “Agent”). 

Pursuant to the provisions of Addendum 1 of the Loan Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record and
beneficial owner of the participation in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) it is not a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (iii) it is not a “ten percent
shareholder” of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code and (iv) it is not a “controlled foreign corporation” related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code. 

The undersigned has furnished its participating Lender with a certificate of its non-U.S. Person
status on IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the
information provided in this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform such Lender in writing, and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished such Lender with a properly completed and currently effective
certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments. 

Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Loan Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Loan
Agreement. 
  

					
	Date:              , 20    	  	  [NAME OF PARTICIPANT]

					
			
		  	By:	  	  

		  	Name:	  	  

		  	Title:	  	  

 EXHIBIT I-3 

FORM OF U.S. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE 

(For Foreign Participants That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes) 

Reference is hereby made to that certain Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated as of June 27, 2019 (as amended,
supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Loan Agreement”) by and between X4 PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware corporation, and each of its Subsidiaries (as defined in the Loan Agreement) (hereinafter collectively referred
to as the “Borrower”), the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties to the Loan Agreement (collectively, referred to as the “Lenders”), and HERCULES CAPITAL, INC., a Maryland
corporation, in its capacity as administrative agent and collateral agent for itself and the Lenders (in such capacity, the “Agent”). 

Pursuant to the provisions of Addendum 1 of the Loan Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record owner of
the participation in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) its direct or indirect partners/members are the sole beneficial owners of such participation, (iii) with respect such participation, neither the undersigned nor
any of its direct or indirect partners/members is a “bank” extending credit pursuant to a loan agreement entered into in the ordinary course of its trade or business within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code,
(iv) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a “ten percent shareholder” of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code and (v) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a
“controlled foreign corporation” related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code. 
 The undersigned
has furnished its participating Lender with IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by one of the following forms from each of its partners/members that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption: (i) an IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E or (ii) an IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by an IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E from each of such partner’s/member’s beneficial owners that is claiming the portfolio interest
exemption. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided in this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform such Lender and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times
furnished such Lender with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments. 

Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Loan Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Loan
Agreement. 
  

					
	Date:              , 20    	  	  [NAME OF PARTICIPANT]

					
			
		  	By:	  	  

		  	Name:	  	  

		  	Title:	  	  

 EXHIBIT I-4 

FORM OF U.S. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE 

(For Foreign Lenders That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes) 

Reference is hereby made to that certain Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated as of June 27, 2019 (as amended,
supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Loan Agreement”) by and between X4 PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware corporation, and each of its Subsidiaries (as defined in the Loan Agreement) (hereinafter collectively referred
to as the “Borrower”), the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties to the Loan Agreement (collectively, referred to as the “Lenders”), and HERCULES CAPITAL, INC., a Maryland
corporation, in its capacity as administrative agent and collateral agent for itself and the Lenders (in such capacity, the “Agent”). 

Pursuant to the provisions of Addendum 1 of the Loan Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record owner of
the Loan(s) (as well as any promissory note(s) evidencing such Loan(s)) in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) its direct or indirect partners/members are the sole beneficial owners of such Loan(s) (as well as any promissory
note(s) evidencing such Loan(s)), (iii) with respect to the extension of credit pursuant to this Loan Agreement or any other Loan Document, neither the undersigned nor any of its direct or indirect partners/members is a “bank” extending
credit pursuant to a loan agreement entered into in the ordinary course of its trade or business within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (iv) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a “ten percent
shareholder” of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code and (v) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a “controlled foreign corporation” related to the Borrower as described in
Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code. 
 The undersigned has furnished the Agent and the Borrower with IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by one of the following forms from each of its partners/members that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption: (i) an IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E or (ii) an IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by an IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E from each of such partner’s/member’s beneficial owners that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption. By executing this certificate, the undersigned
agrees that (1) if the information provided in this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform the Borrower and the Agent, and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished the Borrower and the Agent with a
properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments. 

Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Loan Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Loan
Agreement. 
  

					
	Date:              , 20    	  	[NAME OF LENDER]
			
		  	By:	  	  

		  	Name:	  	  

		  	Title:Exhibit 10.2

  

  

  TAX MATTERS AGREEMENT

  

  

  by and between

  

  

  KAR AUCTION SERVICES, INC.

  

  

  and

  

  

  IAA, INC.

  

  

  Dated as of June 27, 2019

    

  

  
    
      

  

  

  

  

  

  TABLE OF CONTENTS

  

  

  ARTICLE I

  

  

  DEFINITIONS

   

      

  
    	
            Section 1.1

          	
            General

          	
            2

          
	 	 	 
	
            ARTICLE II

          
	 	 	 
	
            CERTAIN ALLOCATIONS

          
	 	 	 
	
            Section 2.1

          	
            General Rule

          	
            9

          
	
            Section 2.2

          	
            Federal Income Tax Relating to Joint Returns

          	
            10

          
	
            Section 2.3

          	
            Federal Income Tax Relating to Separate Returns

          	
            10

          
	
            Section 2.4

          	
            State Tax Relating to Joint Returns

          	
            10

          
	
            Section 2.5

          	
            State Tax Relating to Separate Returns

          	
            11

          
	
            Section 2.6

          	
            Non-U.S. Tax Relating to Joint Returns

          	
            11

          
	
            Section 2.7

          	
            Non-U.S. Tax Relating to Separate Returns

          	
            11

          
	
            Section 2.8

          	
            Non-Income Taxes

          	
            11

          
	
            Section 2.9

          	
            Internal Restructuring Taxes.

          	
            12

          
	
            Section 2.10

          	
            Separation Taxes

          	
            12

          
	
            Section 2.11

          	
            Determination of Tax Attributable to a Particular Entity

          	
            12

          
	
            Section 2.12

          	
            Allocation of Employment Taxes and Equity Award Deductions

          	
            13

          
	
            Section 2.13

          	
            Estimated Taxes.

          	
            13

          
	
            Section 2.14

          	
            Transaction-Related Losses

          	
            13

          
	
            Section 2.15

          	
            Straddle Periods

          	
            13

          
	
            Section 2.16

          	
            Tax Refunds

          	
            13

          
	
            Section 2.17

          	
            Prior Agreements

          	
            14

          
	 	 	 
	
            ARTICLE III

          
	 	 	 
	
            PREPARATION AND FILING OF TAX RETURNS

          
	 	 	 
	
            Section 3.1

          	
            KAR’ Responsibility

          	
            14

          
	
            Section 3.2

          	
            Spinco’s Responsibility

          	
            14

          
	
            Section 3.3

          	
            Right To Review Tax Returns

          	
            14

          
	
            Section 3.4

          	
            Cooperation

          	
            15

          
	
            Section 3.5

          	
            Tax Reporting Practices

          	
            15

          
	
            Section 3.6

          	
            Reporting of Transactions

          	
            15

          
	
            Section 3.7

          	
            Payment of Taxes

          	
            17

          
	
            Section 3.8

          	
            Amended Returns and Carrybacks

          	
            18

          
	
            Section 3.9

          	
            Tax Benefits

          	
            18

          
	
            Section 3.10

          	
            Tax Attributes

          	
            18

          

    

    

    
      
        

    

    
    

    

    	 	 	 
	
            ARTICLE IV

          
	 	 	 
	
            TAX-FREE STATUS OF THE DISTRIBUTION

          
	 	 	 
	
            Section 4.1

          	
            Representations and Warranties

          	
            19

          
	
            Section 4.2

          	
            Restrictions on KAR

          	
            20

          
	
            Section 4.3

          	
            Restrictions on Spinco

          	
            20

          
	 	 	 
	
            ARTICLE V

          
	 	 	 
	
            INDEMNITY OBLIGATIONS

          
	 	 	 
	
            Section 5.1

          	
            Indemnity Obligations

          	
            22

          
	
            Section 5.2

          	
            Indemnification Payments

          	
            23

          
	
            Section 5.3

          	
            Payment Mechanics

          	
            23

          
	
            Section 5.4

          	
            Treatment of Payments

          	
            24

          
	 	 	 
	
            ARTICLE VI

          
	 	 	 
	
            TAX CONTESTS

          
	 	 	 
	
            Section 6.1

          	
            Notice

          	
            24

          
	
            Section 6.2

          	
            Separate Returns

          	
            24

          
	
            Section 6.3

          	
            Joint Returns

          	
            24

          
	
            Section 6.4

          	
            Other Tax Contests

          	
            25

          
	
            Section 6.5

          	
            Obligation of Continued Notice

          	
            25

          
	
            Section 6.6

          	
            Settlement Rights

          	
            25

          
	
            Section 6.7

          	
            Tax Contest Costs and Expenses.

          	
            26

          
	 	 	 
	
            ARTICLE VII

          
	 	 	 
	
            COOPERATION

          
	 	 	 
	
            Section 7.1

          	
            General

          	
            26

          
	
            Section 7.2

          	
            Consistent Treatment

          	
            27

          
	 	 	 
	
            ARTICLE VIII

          
	 	 	 
	
            RETENTION OF RECORDS; ACCESS

          
	 	 	 
	
            Section 8.1

          	
            Retention of Records

          	
            27

          
	
            Section 8.2

          	
            Access to Tax Records

          	
            27

          
	 	 	 
	
            ARTICLE IX

          
	 	 	 
	
            DISPUTE RESOLUTION

          
	 	 	 
	
            Section 9.1

          	
            Dispute Resolution Mechanics

          	
            28

          
	 	 	 

    

    

    
      ii

      
        

    

    

    

    	
            ARTICLE X

          
	 	 	 
	
            MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

          
	 	 	 
	
            Section 10.1

          	
            Conflicting Agreements

          	
            28

          
	
            Section 10.2

          	
            Termination

          	
            28

          
	
            Section 10.3

          	
            Interest on Late Payments

          	
            28

          
	
            Section 10.4

          	
            Specific Performance

          	
            28

          
	
            Section 10.5

          	
            Successors

          	
            29

          
	
            Section 10.6

          	
            Application to Present and Future Subsidiaries

          	
            29

          
	
            Section 10.7

          	
            Assignability

          	
            29

          
	
            Section 10.8

          	
            No Fiduciary Relationship

          	
            29

          
	
            Section 10.9

          	
            No Duplication; No Double Recovery.

          	
            29

          
	
            Section 10.10

          	
            Further Assurances

          	
            29

          
	
            Section 10.11

          	
            Survival

          	
            30

          
	
            Section 10.12

          	
            Notices

          	
            30

          
	
            Section 10.13

          	
            Effective Date

          	
            31

          
	 	 	 
	  EXHIBITS 
	 
	Exhibit A 

          	Separation Plan 

          	 

  

  

  

  

  

            

    

  

  

  

    

    

  

  
    iii

    
      

  

  
  TAX MATTERS AGREEMENT

  

  

  This TAX MATTERS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), is entered into as of June 27, 2019, between KAR Auction Services, Inc. (“KAR”), a
      Delaware corporation, and IAA, Inc. (“Spinco” and, together with KAR, the “Parties”), a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of KAR.  Capitalized terms used in this Agreement and not otherwise defined herein shall have the
      meanings ascribed to such terms in the Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, between the Parties (the “Separation and Distribution Agreement”).

  

  

  R E C I T A L S

  

  

  WHEREAS, the board of directors of KAR (the “Board”) has determined that it is in the best interests of KAR and its stockholders to
      separate KAR into two separate, publicly traded companies, one for each of (i) the KAR Business, which shall be owned and conducted, directly or indirectly, by KAR and its Subsidiaries and (ii) the Spinco Business, which shall be owned and conducted,
      directly or indirectly, by Spinco and its Subsidiaries;

  

  

  WHEREAS, in order to effect the Separation, the Board has determined that it is appropriate, desirable and in the best interests of KAR and its
      stockholders for KAR to undertake the Internal Restructuring and, in connection therewith, effect the Spinco Contribution which, in exchange therefor, Spinco shall: (i) issue to KAR the Spinco Shares and (ii) distribute to KAR the Cash Distribution;

  

  

  WHEREAS, following the completion of the Internal Restructuring and the Separation, KAR shall distribute all of the issued and outstanding Spinco
      Shares to holders of the KAR Shares on the Record Date, on a pro rata basis and shall transfer the Cash Distribution to certain of its creditors (the “Distribution” and,
      together with the Internal Restructuring and the Separation, the “Transactions”);

  

  

  WHEREAS, Spinco has been incorporated for these purposes and has not engaged in activities except those incidental to its formation and in
      preparation for the Transactions;

  

  

  WHEREAS, as of the date hereof, KAR is the common parent of an affiliated group of domestic corporations that has elected to file consolidated
      U.S. federal income Tax Returns and, as a result of the Distribution, neither Spinco nor any of its Affiliates will be a member of such group after the close of the Distribution Date;

  

  

  WHEREAS, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it is the intention of the Parties that the Separation and the Distribution, taken together, will
      qualify as a transaction that will qualify under Section 355 and Section 368(a)(1)(D) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”);

  

  

   WHEREAS, KAR has received the IRS Ruling and the Canadian Tax Ruling; and

  

  

  WHEREAS, the Parties desire to (a) provide for the payment of Tax liabilities and entitlement to refunds thereof, allocate responsibility for, and
      cooperation in, the filing of Tax Returns, and provide for certain other matters relating to Taxes and (b) set forth certain covenants and indemnities relating to the preservation of the Intended Tax Treatment of the Transactions.

  
    1

    
      

  

  NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements, provisions and covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable
      consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:

  

  

  ARTICLE I

  

  

  DEFINITIONS

  

  

          Section 1.1  General. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

  

  

  “Adjustment” shall mean an adjustment of any item of income, gain, loss, deduction, credit or any other item affecting Taxes of a taxpayer
      pursuant to a Final Determination.

  

  

  “Affiliate” shall mean, with respect to a Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries,
      controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the specified Person. For this purpose, “control” of a Person means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of
      such Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

  

  

  “Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.

  

  

  “Canadian Spinco” shall mean 1206397 B.C. Unlimited Liability Company, an unlimited liability company incorporated under the laws of the
      Province of British Columbia.

  

  

  “Canadian Tax Ruling” shall mean an advance income tax ruling from the Canada Revenue Agency addressing the tax Canadian tax consequences
      of certain aspects of the Transactions.

  

  

  “Canadian Tax Ruling Request” shall mean any letter filed by KAR with the Canada Revenue Agency requesting an advance income tax ruling
      regarding certain Canadian tax consequences of the Transactions and any amendment or supplement to such Canadian Tax Ruling Request letter.

  

  

  “Controlling Party” shall mean, with respect to a Tax Contest, the Party entitled to control such Tax Contest pursuant to Section 6.2,
      Section 6.3 or Section 6.4 of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

  

  

  “Dispute” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9.1 of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Dispute Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9.1 of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Distribution” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals.

  
    2

    
      

  

  

  

  

  

  “Distribution Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

  

  

  “Employee Matters Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

  

  

  “Employment Taxes” shall mean those Liabilities (as defined in the Separation and Distribution Agreement) for Taxes which are allocable
      pursuant to the provisions of the Employee Matters Agreement.

  

  

  “Equity Award Deduction” shall have the meaning set forth in the Employee Matters Agreement.

  

  

  “Federal Income Tax” shall mean any Tax imposed by Subtitle A of the Code other than an Employment Tax.

  

  

  “Final Determination” shall mean the final resolution of liability for any Tax for any taxable period, by or as a result of (a) a final
      decision, judgment, decree or other order by any court of competent jurisdiction that can no longer be appealed, (b) a final settlement with the IRS, a closing agreement or accepted offer in compromise under Sections 7121 or 7122 of the Code, or a
      comparable agreement under the Laws of other jurisdictions, which resolves the entire Tax liability for any taxable period, (c) any allowance of a refund or credit in respect of an overpayment of Tax, but only after the expiration of all periods
      during which such refund or credit may be recovered by the jurisdiction imposing the Tax, or (d) any other final resolution, including by reason of the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations or the execution of a pre-filing agreement
      with the IRS or other Taxing Authority.

  

  

  “Group” shall mean either the Spinco Group or the KAR Group, as the context requires.

  

  

  “Income Tax” shall mean any federal, state, local or Non-U.S. Tax determined by reference to income, gains, net worth, gross receipts, or
      any Taxes imposed in lieu of such a Tax.

  

  

  “Incremental Section 336(e) Tax” shall mean the amount of Taxes, if any, incurred by KAR as a result of making a Section 336(e) Election in
      excess of the amount of Taxes that would have been incurred by KAR had no such Section 336(e) Election been made and the Distribution had been treated as a taxable stock distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

  

  

  “Indemnifying Party” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.2 of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Indemnitee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.2 of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Intended Tax Treatment” shall mean the qualification of the Transactions for the intended tax treatment, including as set forth in the IRS
      Ruling, Canadian Tax Ruling, any Tax Opinion or the Separation Plan.

  
    3

    
      

  

  

  

  

  

  “Internal Restructuring” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

  

  

  “Internal Restructuring Taxes” shall mean those Taxes triggered by, or arising or otherwise incurred as a result of, the Internal
      Restructuring, except for (i) any Tax resulting from a breach by any Party of any covenant in this Agreement, and (ii) any Tax attributable to any action set out in Section 4.2 or Section 4.3.

  

  

  “IRS” shall mean the United States Internal Revenue Service.

  

  

  “IRS Ruling” shall mean a private letter ruling from the IRS addressing the tax consequences of certain aspects of the Transactions.

  

  

  “IRS Ruling Request” shall mean any letter filed by KAR with the IRS requesting a ruling regarding certain tax consequences of the
      Transactions and any amendment or supplement to such IRS Ruling Request letter.

  

  

  “Joint Return” shall mean (i) any Tax Return that actually includes, by election or otherwise, one or more members of the KAR Group
      together with one or more members of the Spinco Group or (ii) any Tax Return that includes Tax Items attributable to both the KAR Business and the Spinco Business.

  

  

  “KAR” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.

  

  

  “KAR Affiliated Group” shall mean an affiliated group (as that term is defined in Section 1504 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations
      thereunder) of which KAR is the common parent.

  

  

  “KAR Business” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation  and Distribution Agreement.

  

  

  “KAR Federal Consolidated Income Tax Return” shall mean any United States federal consolidated income Tax Return for a KAR Affiliated
      Group.

  

  

  “KAR Group” shall mean KAR and each Person that is a Subsidiary of KAR (other than Spinco and any other member of the Spinco Group).

  

  

  “KAR Separate Return” shall mean any Tax Return of or including any member of the KAR Group (including any consolidated, combined or
      unitary return) that does not include any member of the Spinco Group.

  

  

  “KAR Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

  

  

  “Law” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

  
    4

    
      

  

  

  

  “Non-Controlling Party” shall mean, with respect to a Tax Contest, the Party that is not entitled to control such Tax Contest pursuant to Section

        6.2,  Section 6.3 or Section 6.4 of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Non-Income Tax” shall mean any Tax that is not an Income Tax.

  

  

  “Non-U.S. Tax” shall mean any Tax imposed by any foreign country or any possession of the United States, or by any political subdivision of
      any foreign country or United States possession.

  

  

  “Parties” shall mean the parties to this Agreement.

  

  

  “Past Practices” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.5 of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Person” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

  

  

  “Post-Distribution Period” shall mean any taxable period (or portion thereof) beginning after the Distribution Date, including for the
      avoidance of doubt, the portion of any Straddle Period beginning after the Distribution Date.

  

  

  “Pre-Distribution Period” shall mean any taxable period (or portion thereof) ending on or before the Distribution Date, including for the
      avoidance of doubt, the portion of any Straddle Period ending at the end of the day on the Distribution Date.

  

  

  “Preparing Party” shall mean, with respect to a Tax Return, the Party that is required to prepare and file any such Tax Return pursuant to
      Section 3.1 or Section 3.2 of this Agreement, as applicable.

  

  

  “Proposed Acquisition Transaction” shall mean a transaction or series of transactions (or any agreement, understanding or arrangement,
      within the meaning of Section 355(e) of the Code and Treasury Regulation Section 1.355-7, or any other Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, to enter into a transaction or series of transactions), whether such transaction is supported by
      Spinco management or shareholders, is a hostile acquisition, or otherwise, as a result of which Spinco (or any successor thereto) would merge or consolidate with any other Person or as a result of which one or more Persons would (directly or
      indirectly) acquire, or have the right to acquire, from Spinco (or any successor thereto) and/or one or more holders of Spinco Shares, respectively, any amount of stock of Spinco, that would, when combined with any other direct or indirect changes in
      ownership of the stock of Spinco pertinent for purposes of Section 355(e) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, comprise forty (40) percent or more of (i) the value of all outstanding shares of Spinco as of the date of such
      transaction, or in the case of a series of transactions, the date of the last transaction of such series, or (ii) the total combined voting power of all outstanding shares of voting stock of Spinco as of the date of the such transaction, or in the
      case of a series of transactions, the date of the last transaction of such series.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Proposed Acquisition Transaction shall not include (i) the adoption by Spinco of a shareholder rights plan or (ii) issuances by
      Spinco that satisfy Safe Harbor VIII (relating to acquisitions in connection with a person’s performance of services) or Safe Harbor IX (relating to acquisitions by a retirement plan of an employer) of Treasury Regulation Section 1.355-7(d).  For
      purposes of determining whether a transaction constitutes an indirect acquisition, (i) any recapitalization or other transaction resulting in a shift of voting power shall be treated as an indirect acquisition of shares of stock by the shareholders
      experiencing an increase in voting power as a result of such recapitalization or other transaction and (ii) any redemption of shares of stock shall be treated as an indirect acquisition of shares of stock by the non-exchanging shareholders. This
      definition and the application thereof is intended to monitor compliance with Section 355(e) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder and shall be interpreted accordingly. Any clarification of, or change in, the statute or
      Treasury Regulations promulgated under Section 355(e) of the Code shall be incorporated in this definition and its interpretation.

  
    5

    
      

  

  

  

  “Protective Section 336(e) Election” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.6(b) of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Reasonable Basis” shall mean reasonable basis within the meaning of Section 6662(d)(2)(B)(ii)(II) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations
      promulgated thereunder (or such other level of confidence required by the Code at that time to avoid the imposition of penalties).

  

  

  “Record Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

  

  

  “Refund” shall mean any refund, reimbursement, offset, credit, or other similar benefit in respect of Taxes (including any overpayment of
      Taxes that can be refunded or, alternatively, applied against other Taxes payable), including any interest paid on or with respect to such refund of Taxes; provided, however, that the amount of any refund of Taxes shall be net of any
      Taxes imposed by any Taxing Authority on, related to, or attributable to, the receipt of or accrual of such refund, including any Taxes imposed by way of withholding or offset.

  

  

  “Restricted Period” shall mean the period which begins with the Distribution Date and ends two (2) years thereafter.

  

  

  “Reviewing Party” shall mean, with respect to a Tax Return, the Party that is not the Preparing Party.

  

  

  “Section 336(e) Allocation Statement” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.6(b) of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Section 336(e) Benefit Amount” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.6(b) of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Section 336(e) Tax Basis Increase” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.6(b) of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Separate Return” shall mean a KAR Separate Return or an Spinco Separate Return, as the case may be.

   

    

  
    “Separation” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

     

  

  

  “Separation and Distribution Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.

  
    6

    
      

  

  

  

  “Separation Plan” shall mean the step plan attached hereto as Exhibit A.

  

  

  “Separation Taxes” shall mean those Taxes triggered by, or arising or otherwise incurred as a result of, the Transactions, except for (i)
      any Tax resulting from a breach by any Party of any covenant in this Agreement, (ii) any Internal Restructuring Taxes and (iii) any Tax attributable to any action set out in Section 4.2 or Section 4.3.

  

  

  “Spinco Actual Estimated Tax Liability” shall mean the actual amount of Taxes shown as due and payable after the Distribution, as
      determined by Past Practices, with respect to which any Spinco Estimated Tax Amount was paid by Spinco to KAR.

  

  

  “Spinco Business” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

  

  

  “Spinco Contribution” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

  

  

  “Spinco’s Direct Subsidiary” shall mean IAA Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

  

  

  “Spinco Estimated Tax Amount” shall mean the amount of estimated Taxes paid by Spinco to KAR with respect to Taxes not yet due and payable
      prior to the Distribution that would be included on any (i) U.S. consolidated Federal Income Tax Return of KAR or (ii) unitary, combined or other consolidated State Tax Return of KAR, in each case, that are attributable to the Spinco Business or any
      member of the Spinco Group for a Pre-Distribution Period, as determined by Past Practices.

  

  

  “Spinco Group” shall mean Spinco and each Person that will be a Subsidiary of Spinco as of immediately after the Effective Time.

  

  

  “Spinco Separate Return” shall mean any Tax Return of or including any member of the Spinco Group (including any consolidated, combined or
      unitary return) that does not include any member of the KAR Group.

  

  

  “Spinco Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

  

  

  “State Tax” means any Tax imposed by any State of the United States or by any political subdivision of any such State, and any interest,
      penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts in respect of the foregoing.

  

  

  “Straddle Period” shall mean any taxable year or other taxable period that begins on or before the Distribution Date and ends after the
      Distribution Date.

  

  
     

  

  
    7

    
      

  

  

  

  “Subsidiary” shall have the meaning set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

  

  

  “Tax” or “Taxes” shall mean (i) all taxes, charges, fees, duties, levies, imposts, rates or other assessments or governmental
      charges of any kind imposed by any U.S. federal, state, local or non-U.S. Taxing Authority, including, without limitation, income, gross receipts, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, windfall profits, environmental, custom
      duties, property, sales, use, license, capital stock, transfer, franchise, registration, payroll, withholding, social security, unemployment, disability, value added, alternative or add-on minimum or other taxes, whether disputed or not, and
      including any interest, penalties, charges or additions attributable thereto, (ii) liability for the payment of any amount of the type described in clause (i) above arising as a result of being (or having been) a member of any group or being (or
      having been) included or required to be included in any Tax Return related thereto, and (iii) liability for the payment of any amount of the type described in clauses (i) or (ii) above as a result of any express or implied obligation to indemnify or
      otherwise assume or succeed to the liability of any other Person.

  

  

  “Tax Attribute” shall mean net operating losses; capital losses; research and development deductions, credits and carryovers; general
      business credits and carryovers; investment tax credit carryovers; earnings and profits; foreign tax credit carryovers; overall foreign losses; previously taxed income; separate limitation losses; and any other losses, deductions, credits or other
      comparable items that could affect a Tax liability for a past or future taxable period.

  

  

  “Taxing Authority” shall mean any Taxing Authority or any subdivision, agency, commission or entity thereof or any quasi-governmental or
      private body having jurisdiction over the assessment, determination, collection or imposition of any Tax (including the IRS).

  

  

  “Tax Certificates” shall mean any certificates of officers of KAR and Spinco, provided to PricewaterhouseCoopers, Skadden, Arps, Slate,
      Meagher & Flom LLP, or any other law or accounting firm in connection with any Tax Opinion, the IRS Ruling or the Canadian Tax Ruling.

  

  

  “Tax Contest” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.1 of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Tax Expert” shall mean independent Tax counsel of recognized national standing or a nationally recognized independent public accounting
      firm, in either case, with experience in the tax area(s) involved or at issue.

  

  

  “Tax Item” shall mean any item of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit.

  

  

  “Tax Law” shall mean the law of any Taxing Authority or political subdivision thereof relating to any Tax.

  

  

  “Tax Materials” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.1(a) of this Agreement.

  
    8

    
      

  

  

  

  

  

  “Tax Opinion” shall mean any written opinion of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP or any other law or
      accounting firm, regarding certain tax consequences of certain transactions executed as part of the Transactions.

  

  

  “Tax Records” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8.1 of this Agreement.

  

  

  “Tax-Related Losses” shall mean (i) all Taxes (including interest and penalties thereon) imposed pursuant to any settlement, Final
      Determination, judgment or otherwise, (ii) all accounting, legal and other professional fees, and court costs incurred in connection with Taxes or Tax Contests, as well as any other out-of-pocket costs incurred in connection with Taxes or Tax
      Contests; and (iii) all costs, expenses and damages associated with stockholder litigation or controversies and any amount paid by KAR (or any of its Affiliates) or Spinco (or any of its Affiliates) in respect of the liability of shareholders,
      whether paid to shareholders or to the IRS or any other Taxing Authority, in each case, resulting from the failure of any transaction to have the Intended Tax Treatment.

  

  

  “Tax Return” shall mean any return, report, certificate, election, form or similar statement or document (including any related supporting
      information or schedule attached thereto and any information return, amended tax return, claim for refund or declaration of estimated tax) supplied to or filed with, or required to be supplied to or filed with, a Taxing Authority, or any bill for or
      notice related to ad valorem or other similar Taxes received from a Taxing Authority, in each case, in connection with the determination, assessment or collection of any Tax or the administration of any laws, regulations or administrative
      requirements relating to any Tax.

  

  

  “Transactions” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals.

  

  

  “Treasury Regulations” shall mean the regulations promulgated from time to time under the Code as in effect for the relevant tax period.

  

  

  “Unqualified Tax Opinion” shall mean a “will” opinion, without substantive qualifications, of a nationally recognized law or accounting
      firm, to the effect that a transaction will not affect the Intended Tax Treatment of the Transactions.  Any such opinion must assume that the Transactions would have qualified for the Intended Tax Treatment if the transaction in question did not
      occur.

  

  

  ARTICLE II

  

  

  CERTAIN ALLOCATIONS

  

  

          Section 2.1 General

        Rule.

  

  

  (a)          Spinco Liability. Spinco shall be liable for, and shall
      indemnify and hold harmless the KAR Group from and against any liability for, Taxes which are allocated to Spinco under this Agreement.

  
    9

    
      

  

  

  

  (b)          KAR Liability.  KAR shall be liable for, and shall indemnify
      and hold harmless the Spinco Group from and against any liability for, Taxes which are allocated to KAR under this Agreement.

  

  

          Section 2.2  Federal

        Income Tax Relating to Joint Returns.

  

  

  (a)          Spinco shall pay and be responsible for any and all Federal Income
      Taxes due with respect to or required to be reported on any Joint Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) which Taxes are attributable to the Spinco Business for all Pre-Distribution Periods.

  

  

  (b)          KAR shall pay and be responsible for any and all Federal Income
      Taxes due with respect to or required to be reported on any Joint Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) other than those Federal Income Taxes described in Section 2.2(a) for all Pre-Distribution
      Periods.

  

  

          Section 2.3  Federal Income Tax Relating to Separate Returns.

  

  

  (a)          Spinco shall pay and be responsible for any and all Federal Income
      Taxes due with respect to or required to be reported on any Spinco Separate Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) for all Tax Periods.

  

  

  (b)          KAR shall pay and be responsible for any and all Federal Income
      Taxes due with respect to or required to be reported on any KAR Separate Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) for all Tax Periods.

   

      

          Section 2.4  State Tax Relating to Joint Returns.

  

  

  (a)          Spinco shall pay and be responsible for any and all State Taxes due
      with respect to or required to be reported on any Joint Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) which Taxes are attributable to the Spinco Business for all Pre-Distribution Periods.

  

  

  (b)          KAR shall pay and be responsible for any and all State Taxes due
      with respect to or required to be reported on any Joint Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) other than those State Taxes described in Section 2.4(a) for all Pre-Distribution Periods.

  

  

  (c)          Spinco shall pay and be responsible for any and all State Taxes due
      with respect to or required to be reported on any Joint Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) which Taxes are attributable to the Spinco Business for all Post-Distribution Periods.

  

  

  (d)          KAR shall pay and be responsible for any and all State Taxes due
      with respect to or required to be reported on any Joint Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) other than those State Taxes described in Section 2.4(c) for all Post-Distribution Periods.

  
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          Section 2.5  State Tax Relating to Separate Returns.

   

    

  (a)          Spinco shall pay and be responsible for any and all State Taxes due
      with respect to or required to be reported on any Spinco Separate Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) for all Tax Periods.

  

  

  (b)          KAR shall pay and be responsible for any and all State Taxes due
      with respect to or required to be reported on any KAR Separate Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) for all Tax Periods.

  

  

          Section 2.6  Non-U.S. Tax Relating to Joint Returns.

   

    

  (a)          Spinco shall pay and be responsible for any and all Non-U.S. Taxes
      due with respect to or required to be reported on any Joint Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) which Taxes are attributable to the Spinco Business for all Pre-Distribution Periods.

  

  

  (b)          KAR shall pay and be responsible for any and all Non-U.S. Taxes due
      with respect to or required to be reported on any Joint Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) other than those Non-U.S. Taxes described in Section 2.6(a) for all Pre-Distribution Periods.

  

  

  (c)          Spinco shall pay and be responsible for any and all Non-U.S. Taxes
      due with respect to or required to be reported on any Joint Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) which Taxes are attributable to Spinco Business for all Post-Distribution Periods.

  

  

  (d)          KAR shall pay and be responsible for any and all Non-U.S. Taxes due
      with respect to or required to be reported on any Joint Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) other than those Non-U.S. Taxes described in Section 2.6(c) for all Post-Distribution Periods.

  

  

          Section 2.7  Non-U.S. Tax Relating to Separate Returns.

   

    

  (a)          Spinco shall pay and be responsible for any and all Non-U.S. Taxes
      due with respect to or required to be reported on any Spinco Separate Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) for all Tax Periods.

  

  

  (b)          KAR shall pay and be responsible for any and all Non-U.S. Taxes due
      with respect to or required to be reported on any KAR Separate Return (including any increase in such Tax as a result of a Final Determination) for all Tax Periods.

  

  

          Section 2.8  Non-Income Taxes.

   

    

  To the extent not otherwise allocated under this Article II, Non-Income Taxes shall be allocated as follows:

  
    11

    
      

  

  (a)          Spinco shall pay and be responsible for any and all Non-Income Taxes
      that are attributable to the Spinco Business for all Pre-Distribution Periods.

  

  

  (b)          KAR shall pay and be responsible for any and all Non-Income Taxes
      other than those Non-Income Taxes described in Section 2.8(a) for all Pre-Distribution Periods.

  

  

  (c)          Spinco shall pay and be responsible for any and all Non-Income Taxes
      that are imposed on or attributable to the Spinco Business or Spinco Group for all Post-Distribution Periods.

  

  

  (d)          KAR shall pay and be responsible for any and all Non-Income Taxes
      that are imposed on or attributable to the KAR Business or KAR Group for all Post-Distribution Periods.

  

  

          Section 2.9  Internal Restructuring Taxes. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Spinco shall pay and be responsible for any and all Internal
      Restructuring Taxes.

  

  

          Section 2.10     Separation Taxes. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, each of KAR
      and Spinco shall pay and be responsible for fifty (50) percent of any and all Separation Taxes.

  

  

          Section 2.11     Determination of Tax Attributable to a Particular Entity.

  

  

  (a)          For purposes of this Agreement, the amount of Taxes attributable to
      a particular entity shall be determined by KAR in a manner consistent with the Past Practices of the KAR Group with respect to the relevant Tax Return (including any past accounting methods, elections and conventions).  Without limiting the
      generality of the foregoing, the following principles shall apply for purposes of determining the amount of Tax attributable to a particular entity:

  

  

  
    (i)          including only Tax Items of the relevant entity
        that were included in the relevant Tax Return (i.e., as though the relevant entity prepared such Tax Return on a stand-alone basis);

    

    

    (ii)          except as provided in Section 2.11(a)(iv)
        hereof, using all elections, accounting methods and conventions used on the relevant Tax Return for such period;

    

    

    (iii)          applying the highest statutory marginal
        corporate income Tax rate in effect for such taxable period;

    

    

    (iv)          assuming that the relevant entity elects not
        to carry back any net operating losses.

    

    

  

  (b)          In the event a Non-Income Tax is attributable or traceable to a
      specific asset, then such Tax shall be attributable to the entity that owns the relevant asset.

  
    12

    
      

  

  

  

          Section 2.12     Allocation of Employment Taxes and Equity Award Deductions. Liability for Employment Taxes
      and the allocation or apportionment of Equity Award Deductions shall be governed by the Employee Matters Agreement.

  

  

  Section 2.13     Estimated Taxes.

  

  

  (a)          With respect to any Spinco Estimated Tax Amount that Spinco has paid
      to KAR:

  

  

  (i)          If the Spinco Estimated Tax Amount is less than
      the Spinco Actual Estimated Tax Liability, Spinco shall pay KAR the amount of such excess pursuant to the terms of Section 3.7(b); and

  

  

  (ii)          If the Spinco Estimated Tax Amount is greater
      than the Spinco Actual Estimated Tax Liability, KAR shall pay to Spinco the amount of such excess no later than fifteen (15) Business Days after the due date (taking into account any applicable extensions) for the Tax Return with respect to which the
      Spinco Actual Estimated Tax Liability pertains.

  

  

          Section 2.14     Transaction-Related Losses.

  

  

  Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary:

  

  

  (a)          Spinco shall be responsible for (i) any and all Tax-Related Losses
      for which Spinco is responsible pursuant to Section 5.1(b) of this Agreement and (ii) any and all Tax-Related Losses arising out of, based upon, or relating or attributable to any breach of or inaccuracy in, or failure to perform, as
      applicable, any representation, covenant, or obligation of any member of the Spinco Group pursuant to this Agreement.

  

  

  (b)          KAR shall be responsible for (i) any and all Tax-Related Losses for
      which KAR is responsible pursuant to Section 5.1(a) of this Agreement and (ii) any and all Tax-Related Losses arising out of, based upon, or relating or attributable to any breach of or inaccuracy in, or failure to perform, as applicable, any
      representation, covenant, or obligation of any member of the KAR Group pursuant to this Agreement.

   

      

          Section 2.15     Straddle Periods. If the taxable year or other taxable period of KAR or any member of the KAR
      Group or Spinco or any member of the Spinco Group does not close on the Distribution Date, then the allocation or apportionment of any Tax Items attributable to the portion of the Straddle Period ending on, or beginning after, the Distribution Date
      shall be deemed equal to the amount that would have been so attributable if such taxable year had closed on the Distribution Date; provided that (i) exemptions, allowances, or deductions that are calculated on an annual or periodic basis, and
      (ii) property Taxes or other Non-Income Taxes that are calculated on an annual or periodic basis and not assessed with respect to a transaction or series of transactions, shall be allocated between such portions in proportion to the number of days in
      each such portion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the allocation or apportionment of Equity Award Deductions shall be governed by the Employee Matters Agreement.

  

  

  Section 2.16     Tax Refunds.

  
    13

    
      

  

  

  

  (a)          KAR shall be entitled to all Refunds for Taxes for which KAR is
      responsible pursuant to this Agreement, and Spinco shall be entitled to all Refunds for Taxes for which Spinco is responsible pursuant to this Agreement.

  

  

  (b)          A Party receiving a Refund to which the other Party is entitled
      pursuant to this Agreement shall pay the amount to which such other Party is entitled within fifteen (15) Business Days after the receipt of the Refund.  For purposes of this Section 2.16(b), any Refund that arises as a result of an offset,
      credit, or other similar benefit in respect of Taxes other than a receipt of cash shall be deemed to be received on the earlier of (i) the date on which a Tax Return is filed claiming such offset, credit, or other similar benefit and (ii) the date on
      which payment of the Tax which would have otherwise been paid absent such offset, credit, or other similar benefit is due (determined without taking into account any applicable extensions).

  

  

  (c)          In the event that one Party receives a Refund to which the other
      Party is entitled, the amount of Refund the Party receiving such Refund shall be required to pay to the Party entitled to such Refund shall be net of any and all Tax-Related Losses or other costs and expenses incurred by the Party receiving the
      Refund (or any of such Party’s Affiliates) in connection with the receipt of such Refund or the payment of such Refund to the other Party.

  

  

          Section 2.17     Prior Agreements. Except as set forth in this Agreement and in consideration of the mutual
      indemnities and other obligations of this Agreement, any and all prior Tax sharing or allocation agreements or practices between any member of the KAR Group and any member of the Spinco Group shall be terminated with respect to the Spinco Group and
      the KAR Group as of the Distribution Date.  No member of either the Spinco Group or the KAR Group shall have any continuing rights or obligations under any such agreement.

  

  

  ARTICLE III

  

  

  PREPARATION AND FILING OF TAX RETURNS

  

  

          Section 3.1  KAR’ Responsibility.  KAR shall prepare and file when due (taking into account any applicable extensions), or shall cause to be prepared and filed, all
      Joint Returns and all KAR Separate Returns.

  

  

          Section 3.2  Spinco’s Responsibility.  Spinco shall prepare and file when due (taking into account any applicable extensions), or shall cause to be prepared and
      filed, all Tax Returns required to be filed by or with respect to members of the Spinco Group other than those Tax Returns which KAR is required to prepare and file under Section 3.1. The Tax Returns required to be prepared and filed by
      Spinco under this Section 3.2 shall include any Spinco Separate Returns.

  

  

          Section 3.3  Right To Review Tax Returns. To the extent that the positions taken on any Tax Return (i) directly relate to matters for which the Reviewing Party may
      have an indemnification obligation to the Preparing Party, or that may give rise to a refund to which the Reviewing Party would be entitled under this Agreement or (ii) would reasonably be expected to materially adversely affect the Tax position of
      the Reviewing Party, the Preparing Party shall prepare the portions of such Tax Return that relates to the business of the Reviewing Party (the KAR Business or the Spinco Business, as the case may be), shall provide a draft of such portion of such
      Tax Return to the Reviewing Party for its review and comment at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the due date for such Tax Return (taking into account any applicable extensions). The Reviewing Party shall thereafter have five (5) Business Days
      to review such portion of such Tax Return and provide reasonable comments, if any, on such portion of such Tax Return to the Preparing Party, provided, however, that the Reviewing Party shall provide any reasonable comments it may
      have to the Preparing Party no later than two (2) Business Days prior to the due date for such Tax Return (taking into account any applicable extensions). The Preparing Party shall use commercially reasonable efforts to modify such portion of such
      Tax Return before filing such Tax Return to include the Reviewing Party’s reasonable comments, provided, however, that nothing herein shall prevent the Preparing Party from timely filing any such Tax Return and, provided, further,
      that KAR shall be entitled to resolve any issues arising out of the review of any such portion of a Tax Return in its sole discretion.

  
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          Section 3.4  Cooperation.  The Parties shall provide, and shall cause their Affiliates to provide, assistance and cooperation to one another in accordance with Article

        VII with respect to the preparation and filing of Tax Returns, including providing information required to be provided in Article VIII.

  

  

          Section 3.5  Tax Reporting Practices.  Except as provided in Section 3.6, with respect to any Tax Return for any taxable period that begins on or
      before the second anniversary of the Distribution Date with respect to which Spinco is the Preparing Party, such Tax Return shall be prepared in a manner (i) consistent with past practices, accounting methods, elections and conventions (“Past
        Practices”) used by KAR in preparing similar Tax Returns (unless there is no Reasonable Basis for the use of such Past Practices), and to the extent any items are not covered by Past Practices (or in the event that there is no Reasonable Basis
      for the use of such Past Practices), in accordance with reasonable Tax accounting practices selected by Spinco; and (ii) that, to the extent consistent with clause (i), minimizes the overall amount of Taxes due and payable on such Tax Return for all
      of the Parties by cooperating in making such elections or applications for group or other relief or allowances available in the taxing jurisdiction in which such Tax Return is filed. Spinco shall not take any action inconsistent with the assumptions
      (including items of income, gain, deduction, loss and credit) made in determining all estimated or advance payments of Taxes on or prior to the Distribution Date. In addition, Spinco shall not be permitted, and shall not permit any member of the
      Spinco Group, to make a change in any of its methods of accounting for Tax purposes until all applicable statutes of limitations for all Pre-Distribution Periods and Straddle Periods have expired, unless otherwise required by applicable Tax Law.

  

  

          Section 3.6  Reporting of Transactions.

   

    

  (a)          KAR and Spinco shall timely file any appropriate information and
      statements (including as required by Section 6045B of the Code and Section 1.355-5 of the Treasury Regulations and, to the extent applicable, Section 1.368-3 of the Treasury Regulations) to report each step of the Transactions in accordance with the
      Intended Tax Treatment.  The Tax treatment of any step in or portion of the Transactions shall be reported on each applicable Tax Return consistently with the treatment thereof in any Tax Opinion, taking into account the jurisdiction in which such
      Tax Returns are filed, unless there is no Reasonable Basis for such Tax treatment.  In the event that a Party shall determine that there is no Reasonable Basis for such Tax treatment, such Party shall notify the other Party no later than twenty (20)
      Business Days prior to filing the relevant Tax Return and the Parties shall attempt in good faith to agree on the manner in which the relevant portion of the Transactions shall be reported.

  
    15

    
      

  

  

  

  (b)          After the date hereof, the Parties shall cooperate in good faith to
      analyze the impact of a protective election under Section 336(e) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations issued thereunder for Spinco and each member of the Spinco Group with respect to the Distribution (a “Protective Section 336(e) Election”). 

      Solely in the event that KAR determines, in its sole discretion, to make a Protective Section 336(e) Election:

  

  

  (i)          KAR and Spinco shall cooperate in making a timely
      protective election under Section 336(e) of the Code and Section 1.336-2(j) of the Treasury Regulations (and any similar provision of applicable state or local Tax Law) for each member of the Spinco Group that KAR determines for U.S. federal income
      tax purposes with respect to the Distribution in accordance with Section 1.336-2(h) of the Treasury Regulations and filing any statements, amending any Tax Returns or taking such other action reasonably necessary to carry out the Protective Section
      336(e) Election. For the avoidance of doubt, it is intended that the Protective Section 336(e) Election, if made, will have no effect unless, pursuant to a Final Determination, the Distribution is treated as a “qualified stock disposition” within the
      meaning of Section 1.336-1(b)(6) of the Treasury Regulations.

  

  

  (ii)          In the event that a Protective Section 336(e)
      Election is made and becomes effective, KAR shall determine, in its sole discretion, the “Aggregate Deemed Asset Disposition Price” and the “Adjusted Grossed-Up Basis” (each as defined under applicable Treasury Regulations) and the allocation of such
      Aggregate Deemed Asset Disposition Price and Adjusted Grossed-Up Basis among the disposition date assets of Spinco and its Subsidiaries, each in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section 336(e) of the Code and applicable Treasury
      Regulations (the “Section 336(e) Allocation Statement”), and shall provide a copy of such Section 336(e) Allocation Statement to Spinco.  To the extent the Protective Section 336(e) Election is made and becomes effective, each Party agrees not
      to take any position (and to cause each of its Affiliates not to take any position) that is inconsistent with the Protective Section 336(e) Election, including the Section 336(e) Allocation Statement, on any Tax Return, in connection with any Tax
      Contest or for any other Tax purposes (in each case, excluding any position taken for financial accounting purposes), except as may be required by a Final Determination.

  

  

  (iii)          In the event that a Protective Section 336(e)
      Election is made and becomes effective and Spinco or any member of the Spinco Group realizes an increase in Tax basis as a result of such Protective Section 336(e) Election (the “Section 336(e) Tax Basis Increase”), then the cash Tax savings
      actually realized by Spinco or any member of the Spinco Group as a result of the Section 336(e) Tax Basis Increase if, as and when realized by Spinco or such member of the Spinco Group arising from the Section 336(e) Tax Basis Increase (including,
      for the avoidance of doubt, any such additional Section 336(e) Tax Basis Increase attributable to payments made pursuant to this Section 3.6(b)) resulting from the Protective Section 336(e) Election, determined on a “with and without” basis
      (treating any deductions or amortization attributable to the step up in Tax basis resulting from the Protective 336(e) Election, or any other recovery of such step up, as the last items claimed for any taxable year, including after the utilization of
      any available net operating loss carryforwards) (the “Section 336(e) Benefit Amount”) shall be allocated as follows: (x) first, to KAR in the amount of the Incremental Section 336(e) Tax and (y) thereafter, shared between KAR and Spinco in the
      same proportion as the Taxes imposed on the Transactions giving rise to the Section 336(e) Tax Basis Increase were borne by KAR and Spinco (after giving effect to the indemnification obligations in this Agreement).

  
    16

    
      

  

  

  

  

  

  (iv)          Within fifteen (15) Business Days of actually
      realizing any Section 336(e) Benefit Amount, the Party realizing the Section 336(e) Benefit Amount (including through the realization of such Section 336(e) Benefit Amount by such Party’s Affiliates) shall (i) notify the other Party of any such
      Section 336(e) Benefit Amount, including by providing such other Party with reasonable documentation of such Section 336(e) Benefit Amount and (ii) pay the other Party the amount of any such Section 336(e) Benefit Amount to which such other Party is
      entitled pursuant to Section 3.6(b)(iii); provided, however, that the amount of any such payment shall be net of any and all Tax-Related Losses or other costs and expenses incurred by the Party realizing the Section 336(e)
      Benefit Amount in connection with the realization of such Section 336(e) Benefit Amount or the payment of such Section 336(e) Benefit Amount to other Party.

  

  

  (v)          For purposes of this Section 3.6(b), a
      Party shall be deemed to have realized a Section 336(e) Benefit Amount on the earlier of: (i) the date on which a Tax Return is filed (taking into account any applicable extensions) that reflects actual cash tax savings as a result of any Section
      336(e) Benefit Amount and (ii) the date on which payment of the relevant Tax which would have been due and payable absent any such Section 336(e) Tax Benefit Amount (determined without taking into account any applicable extensions).

  

  

          Section 3.7  Payment of Taxes.

  (a)          With respect to any Tax Return required to be filed pursuant to this
      Agreement, the Preparing Party shall remit or cause to be remitted to the applicable Taxing Authority in a timely manner any Taxes due in respect of any such Tax Return. The obligation to make payments pursuant to this Section 3.7(a) shall
      not affect a Party’s right, if any, to receive payments under Article V or otherwise be indemnified with respect to that Tax liability.

  

  

  (b)          The Preparing Party shall, no later than five (5) Business Days
      before the due date (taking into account any applicable extensions) of any Tax Return described in Section 3.1 or Section 3.2, notify the other Party of any amount (or any portion of any such amount) shown as due on that Tax Return
      for which the other Party must indemnify the Preparing Party under this Agreement. The other Party shall pay such amount to the Preparing Party no later than the due date (taking into account any applicable extensions) of the relevant Tax Return. A
      failure by an Indemnitee to give notice as provided in this Section 3.7(b) shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party’s indemnification obligations under this Agreement, except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party has been actually
      prejudiced by such failure.

  
    17

    
      

  

          Section 3.8  Amended Returns and Carrybacks.

   

      

  (a)          Spinco shall not, and shall not permit any member of the Spinco
      Group to, file or allow to be filed any amended Tax Return or request for an Adjustment for any Pre-Distribution Period or Straddle Period without the prior written consent of KAR, such consent to be exercised in KAR’s sole and absolute discretion.

  

  

  (b)          Spinco shall, and shall cause each member of the Spinco Group to,
      make any available elections to waive the right to carry back any Tax Attribute from a taxable period or portion thereof ending after the Distribution Date to a taxable period or portion thereof ending on or before the Distribution Date.

  

  

  (c)          Spinco shall not, and shall cause each member of the Spinco Group
      not to, make any affirmative election to carry back any Tax Attribute from a taxable period or portion thereof ending after the Distribution Date to a taxable period or portion thereof ending on or before the Distribution Date, without the prior
      written consent of KAR, such consent to be exercised in KAR’s sole and absolute discretion.

  

  

  (d)          Receipt of consent by Spinco or a member of the Spinco Group from
      KAR pursuant to the provisions of this Section 3.8 shall not limit or modify Spinco’s continuing indemnification obligation pursuant to Article V.

  

  

          Section 3.9  Tax Benefits.  Except as otherwise provided in Section 3.6(b), if (a) one Party is responsible for a Tax pursuant to this Agreement or under
      applicable Tax Law and (b) the other Party is entitled to a deduction, credit or other Tax benefit relating to such Tax, then the Party entitled to such deduction, credit or other Tax benefit shall pay to the Party responsible for such Tax the amount
      of any cash Tax savings realized by the entitled Party as a result of such deduction, credit or other Tax benefit, net of any Taxes imposed by any Taxing Authority on, related to, or attributable to, the receipt of or accrual of such Tax benefit,
      including any Taxes imposed by way of withholding or offset or any Tax-Related Losses or other costs and expenses incurred by the Party receiving the Tax benefit (or any of such Party’s Affiliates) in connection with the receipt of such Tax benefit
      or the payment of such Tax benefit to the other Party. To the extent that the amount of any Tax benefit in respect of which a payment was made under this Section 3.9 is later reduced by a Taxing Authority or in a Tax Contest, the Party that
      received such payment shall refund such payment to the Party that made such payment to the extent of such reduction.  The Parties shall cooperate in good faith to determine the existence of and size of any such Tax benefit; provided, however,
      that if the Parties cannot agree on such determination, KAR shall be entitled to make a final determination of the existence and size of any such Tax benefit in its sole discretion exercised in good faith.

  

  

          Section 3.10     Tax Attributes.

  
    18

    
      

  

  

  

  (a)          KAR shall reasonably and in good faith advise Spinco in writing of
      the amount, if any, of any Tax Attributes arising in a Pre-Distribution Period that shall be allocated or apportioned to the Spinco Group under applicable Law; provided, however, that with respect to the determination of Tax basis of
      assets transferred to Spinco, KAR shall make such determination reasonably and in good faith and consistent with the books and records of KAR and its Subsidiaries.  KAR, all members of the KAR Group, Spinco and all members of the Spinco Group shall
      prepare all Tax Returns in accordance with such written notice unless there is not a Reasonable Basis for such determination or otherwise required by a Final Determination.  For the avoidance of doubt, KAR shall not be required to create or cause to
      be created any books and records or reports or other documents based thereon that are of the type customarily prepared by outside legal, financial or accounting advisors (including, without limitation, “earnings & profits studies,” “basis
      studies” or similar determinations) in order to comply with this Section 3.10.

  

  

  (b)          To the extent that the amount of any Tax Attribute is later reduced
      or increased by a Taxing Authority or Tax Contest, such reduction or increase shall be allocated to the Party to which such Tax Attribute was allocated pursuant to Section 3.10(a).

  

  

  (c)          Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section 3.10, the
      allocation or apportionment of Equity Award Deductions shall be governed by the Employee Matters Agreement.

  

  

  ARTICLE IV

  

  

  TAX-FREE STATUS OF THE DISTRIBUTION

  

  

          Section 4.1  Representations and Warranties.

  

  

  (a)          KAR, on behalf of itself and all other members of the KAR Group,
      hereby represents and warrants that (i) it has examined the IRS Ruling, each submission to the IRS in connection with the IRS Ruling, including the IRS Ruling Request, the Canadian Tax Ruling, each submission to the Canada Revenue Agency in
      connection with the Canadian Tax Ruling, including the Canadian Tax Ruling Request, the Tax Opinions, the Separation Plan, the Tax Certificates and any other materials delivered or deliverable in connection with the rendering of the Tax Opinions and
      the creation of the Separation Plan (collectively, the “Tax Materials”) and (ii) the facts presented and representations made therein, to the extent descriptive of or otherwise relating to KAR or any member of the KAR Group or the KAR
      Business, were, at the time presented or represented and from such time until and including the Distribution Date, true, correct, and complete in all material respects. KAR, on behalf of itself and all other members of the KAR Group, hereby confirms
      and agrees to comply with any and all covenants and agreements in the Tax Materials applicable to KAR or any member of the KAR Group or the KAR Business.

  

  

  (b)          Spinco, on behalf of itself and all other members of the Spinco
      Group, hereby represents and warrants that (i) it has examined the Tax Materials and (ii) the facts presented and representations made therein, to the extent descriptive of or otherwise relating to Spinco or any member of the Spinco Group or the
      Spinco Business, were, at the time presented or represented and from such time until and including the Distribution Date, true, correct, and complete in all material respects. Spinco, on behalf of itself and all other members of the Spinco Group,
      hereby confirms and agrees to comply with any and all covenants and agreements in the Tax Materials applicable to Spinco or any member of the Spinco Group or the Spinco Business.

  
    19

    
      

  

  

  

  

  

  (c)          Each of KAR, on behalf of it itself and all other members of the KAR
      Group, and Spinco, on behalf of itself and all other members of the Spinco Group represents and warrants that it knows of no fact (after due inquiry) that may cause the Transactions not to qualify for the Intended Tax Treatment.

  

  

  (d)          Each of KAR, on behalf of it itself and all other members of the KAR
      Group, and Spinco, on behalf of itself and all other members of the Spinco Group represents and warrants that it has no plan or intent to take any action which is inconsistent with any statements or representations made in the Tax Materials.

  

  

          Section 4.2  Restrictions on KAR.

  

  

  (a)          KAR, on behalf of itself and all other members of the KAR Group,
      hereby covenants and agrees that no member of the KAR Group will take, fail to take, or to permit to be taken: (i) any action where such action or failure to act would be inconsistent with or cause to be untrue any statement, information, covenant or
      representation in the Tax Materials, or (ii) any action which adversely affects or could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the Intended Tax Treatment of the Transactions.

  

  

          Section 4.3  Restrictions on Spinco.

  

  

  (a)          Spinco, on behalf of itself and all other members of the Spinco
      Group, hereby covenants and agrees that no member of the Spinco Group will take, fail to take, or to permit to be taken: (i) any action where such action or failure to act would be inconsistent with or cause to be untrue any statement, information,
      covenant or representation in the Tax Materials, or (ii) any action which adversely affects or could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the Intended Tax Treatment of the Transactions.

  

  

  (b)          During the Restricted Period, Spinco:

  

  

  (i)          shall continue and cause to be continued the
      active conduct of the Spinco Business for purposes of Section 355(b)(2) of the Code, taking into account Section 355(b)(3) of the Code, as conducted immediately prior to the Distribution,

  

  

  (ii)          shall not voluntarily dissolve or liquidate
      itself or any of its Affiliates (including any action that is a liquidation for U.S. federal income tax purposes),

  

  

  (iii)          shall not (and shall not cause or permit any of
      its Affiliates to) (1) enter into any Proposed Acquisition Transaction or, to the extent Spinco has the right to prohibit any Proposed Acquisition Transaction, permit any Proposed Acquisition Transaction to occur, (2) redeem or otherwise repurchase
      (directly or through an Affiliate) any Spinco stock, or rights to acquire Spinco stock, other than through stock purchases meeting the requirements of section 4.05(1)(b) of Revenue Procedure 96-30, 1996-1 C.B. 696, (3) amend its certificate of
      incorporation (or other organizational documents), or take any other action, whether through a stockholder vote or otherwise, affecting the relative voting rights of its capital stock (including through the conversion of any capital stock into
      another class of capital stock), (4) merge or consolidate with any other Person or (5) take any other action or actions (including any action or transaction that would be reasonably likely to be inconsistent with any representation made in the Tax
      Certificates) which in the aggregate would, when combined with any other direct or indirect changes in ownership of Spinco capital stock pertinent for purposes of Section 355(e) of the Code, have the effect of causing or permitting one or more
      Persons (whether or not acting in concert) to acquire directly or indirectly stock representing a fifty-percent or greater interest in Spinco or would reasonably be expected to result in a failure to preserve the Intended Tax Treatment of the
      Transactions; and

  
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  (iv)          shall not and shall not permit any member of the
      Spinco Group, to sell, transfer, or otherwise dispose of or agree to, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose (including in any transaction treated for federal income tax purposes as a sale, transfer or disposition) of assets (including, any shares of
      capital stock of a Subsidiary) that, in the aggregate, constitute more than 20 percent of the consolidated gross assets of Spinco or the Spinco Group.  The foregoing sentence shall not apply to (1) sales, transfers, or dispositions of assets in the
      ordinary course of business, (2) any cash paid to acquire assets from an unrelated Person in an arm’s-length transaction, (3) any assets transferred to a Person that is disregarded as an entity separate from the transferor for federal income tax
      purposes or (4) any mandatory or optional repayment (or pre-payment) of any indebtedness of Spinco or any member of the Spinco Group.  The percentages of gross assets or consolidated gross assets of Spinco or the Spinco Group, as the case may be,
      sold, transferred, or otherwise disposed of, shall be based on the fair market value of the gross assets of Spinco and the members of the Spinco Group as of the Distribution Date.  For purposes of this Section 4.3(b)(iv), a merger of Spinco
      or one of its Subsidiaries with and into any Person that is not a wholly owned Subsidiary of Spinco shall constitute a disposition of all of the assets of Spinco or such Subsidiary.

  

  

  (c)          During the period which begins with the Distribution Date and ends
      three (3) years thereafter, Spinco:

  

  

  (i)          shall not (and shall not cause or permit any of
      its Affiliates to) (1) cease to control Canadian Spinco or Spinco’s Direct Subsidiary or (2) dispose of any shares of Canadian Spinco or Spinco’s Direct Subsidiary that were held at the time of the Distribution by Spinco or any of its Affiliates; and

  

  

  (ii)          shall not (and shall not cause or permit any of
      its Affiliates to) sell, transfer, or otherwise dispose of any assets, or otherwise take any action that would result in the shares of Canadian Spinco having a value greater than ten (10) percent of the total value of the shares of either (1) Spinco
      or (2) Spinco’s Direct Subsidiary.

  
    21

    
      

  

  (d)          Notwithstanding the restrictions imposed by Section 4.3(a),
    Section 4.3(b), or  Section 4.3(c), Spinco or a member of the Spinco Group may take any of the actions or transactions described therein if Spinco either (i) obtains an Unqualified Tax Opinion in form and substance
      reasonably satisfactory to KAR or (ii) obtains the prior written consent of KAR waiving the requirement that Spinco obtain an Unqualified Tax Opinion, such waiver to be provided in KAR’s sole and absolute discretion.  KAR’s evaluation of an
      Unqualified Tax Opinion may consider, among other factors, the appropriateness of any underlying assumptions, representations, and covenants made in connection with such opinion.  Spinco shall bear all costs and expenses of securing any such
      Unqualified Tax Opinion and shall reimburse KAR for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses that KAR or any of its Affiliates may incur in good faith in seeking to obtain or evaluate any such Unqualified Tax Opinion.  Neither the delivery of an
      Unqualified Tax Opinion nor KAR’s waiver of Spinco’s obligation to deliver an Unqualified Tax Opinion shall limit or modify Spinco’s continuing indemnification obligation pursuant to Article V.

  

  

  ARTICLE V

  

  

  INDEMNITY OBLIGATIONS

  

  

          Section 5.1  Indemnity Obligations.

  

  

  (a)          KAR shall indemnify and hold harmless Spinco from and against, and
      will reimburse Spinco for, (i) all liability for Taxes allocated to KAR pursuant to this Agreement, (ii) all Tax-Related Losses arising out of, based upon, or relating or attributable to any breach of or inaccuracy in, or failure to perform, as
      applicable, any representation, covenant, or obligation of any member of the KAR Group pursuant to this Agreement (including but not limited to any of the foregoing contained in Section 4.1 or Section 4.2) or any Tax Materials, (iii)
      any other Tax-Related Loss resulting (for the avoidance of doubt, in whole or in part) from an acquisition after the Distribution of any stock or assets of KAR (or any KAR Affiliate) by any means whatsoever by any Person, and (iv) any other amounts
      KAR is required to pay to Spinco pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.

  

  

  (b)          Without regard to whether an Unqualified Tax Opinion may have been
      provided or whether any action is permitted or consented to hereunder and notwithstanding anything else to the contrary contained herein, Spinco shall indemnify and hold harmless KAR from and against, and will reimburse KAR for, (i) all liability for
      Taxes allocated to Spinco pursuant to this Agreement, (ii) all Tax-Related Losses arising out of, based upon, or relating or attributable to any breach of or inaccuracy in, or failure to perform, as applicable, any representation, covenant, or
      obligation of any member of the Spinco Group pursuant to this Agreement (including but not limited to any of the foregoing contained Section 4.1 or Section 4.2) or any Tax Materials, (iii) any other Tax-Related Loss resulting (for the
      avoidance of doubt, in whole or in part) from an acquisition after the Distribution of any stock or assets of Spinco (or any Spinco Affiliate) by any means whatsoever by any Person, (iv) the amount of any Refund received by any member of the Spinco
      Group that is allocated to KAR pursuant to Section 2.16(a), and (v) any other amounts Spinco is required to pay to KAR pursuant to the terms of this Agreement (including, but not limited to, any amounts Spinco is required to pay KAR pursuant
      to Section 3.6(b)).

  
    22

    
      

  

  (c)          To the extent that any Tax-Related Loss is subject to indemnity
      pursuant to both Section 5.1(a) and Section 5.1(b), each of KAR and Spinco shall pay and be responsible for fifty (50) percent of such Tax-Related Loss.

  

  

          Section 5.2  Indemnification Payments.

   

      

  (a)          Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, if either Party (the
      “Indemnitee”) is required to pay to a Taxing Authority a Tax or to another Person a payment in respect of a Tax that the other Party (the “Indemnifying Party”) is liable for under this Agreement, including as the result of a Final
      Determination, the Indemnitee shall notify the Indemnifying Party, in writing, of its obligation to pay such Tax and, in reasonably sufficient detail, its calculation of the amount due by such Indemnifying Party to the Indemnitee, including any other
      Tax-Related Losses attributable thereto.  The Indemnifying Party shall pay such amount, including any other Tax-Related Losses attributable thereto, to the Indemnitee no later than the later of (i) five (5) Business Days prior to the date on which
      such payment is due to the applicable Taxing Authority or (ii) fifteen (15) Business Days after the receipt of notice from the other Party.

  

  

  (b)          If, as a result of any change or redetermination made with respect
      to Article II, any amount previously allocated to and borne by one Party pursuant to the provisions of Article II  is thereafter allocated to the other Party, then, no later than fifteen (15) Business Days after such change or
      redetermination, such other Party shall pay to such Party the amount previously borne by such Party which is allocated to such other Party as a result of such change or redetermination.

  

  

          Section 5.3  Payment Mechanics.

   

      

  (a)          Subject to Section 10.7, all payments under this Agreement
      shall be made by KAR directly to Spinco and by Spinco directly to KAR; provided, however, that if the Parties mutually agree with respect to any such indemnification payment, any member of the KAR Group, on the one hand, may make such
      indemnification payment to any member of the Spinco Group, on the other hand, and vice versa.  All indemnification payments shall be treated in the manner described in Section 5.4.

  

  

  (b)          In the case of any payment of Taxes made by a Preparing Party or
      Indemnitee pursuant to this Agreement for which such Preparing Party or Indemnitee, as the case may be, has received a payment from the other Party, such Preparing Party or Indemnitee shall provide to the other Party a copy of any official government
      receipt received with respect to the payment of such Taxes to the applicable Taxing Authority (or, if no such official governmental receipts are available, executed bank payment forms or other reasonable evidence of payment).

  
    23

    
      

  

          Section 5.4  Treatment of Payments.  The Parties agree that any payment made among the Parties pursuant to this Agreement shall be treated, to the extent permitted by
      law, for all U.S. federal income tax purposes as either (i) a non-taxable contribution by KAR to Spinco, or (ii) a distribution by Spinco to KAR, in each case, made immediately prior to the Distribution.  Any Tax indemnity payment made by a Party
      under this Agreement shall be increased as necessary so that after making all payments in respect to Taxes imposed on or attributable to such indemnity payment, the recipient Party receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no
      such Taxes been imposed.

  

  

  ARTICLE VI

  

  

  TAX CONTESTS

  

  

          Section 6.1  Notice.  Each Party shall notify the other Party in writing within ten (10) Business Days after receipt by such
      Party or any member of its Group of a written communication from any Taxing Authority with respect to any pending or threatened audit, claim, dispute, suit, action, proposed assessment or other proceeding (a “Tax Contest”) concerning any Taxes
      for which the other Party may be liable pursuant to this Agreement, and thereafter shall promptly forward or make available to such Party copies of notices and communications relating to such Tax Contest.  A failure by an Indemnitee to give notice as
      provided in this Section 6.1 (or to promptly forward any such notices or communications) shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party’s indemnification obligations under this Agreement, except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party shall have
      been actually prejudiced by such failure.

  

  

          Section 6.2  Separate Returns. In the case of any Tax Contest with respect to any Separate Return, the Party having the liability for the Tax pursuant to this
      Agreement shall have the sole responsibility and right to control the prosecution of such Tax Contest, including the exclusive right to communicate with agents of the applicable Taxing Authority and to control, resolve, settle, or agree to any
      deficiency, claim, or adjustment proposed, asserted, or assessed in connection with or as a result of such Tax Contest; provided, however, that the Controlling Party of such Tax Contest shall not take any action that could reasonably
      result in the increased liability for Taxes of the Non-Controlling Party or a member of the Non-Controlling Party’s Group without the prior written consent of the Non-Controlling Party, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or
      delayed.

  

  

          Section 6.3  Joint Returns. In the case of any Tax Contest with respect to any Joint Return, KAR shall have the sole responsibility and right to control the
      prosecution of such Tax Contest, including the exclusive right to communicate with agents of the applicable Taxing Authority and to control, resolve, settle, or agree to any deficiency, claim, or adjustment proposed, asserted, or assessed in
      connection with or as a result of such Tax Contest; provided, however, that to the extent that such Tax Contest relates to Taxes for which Spinco has an indemnification obligation pursuant to this Agreement, KAR shall (a) defend such
      Tax Contest diligently and in good faith, (b) keep Spinco informed in a timely manner of all actions proposed to be taken by KAR with respect to such Tax Contest (or, to the extent practicable, the portion of such Tax Contest that relates to Taxes
      for which Spinco is responsible pursuant to this Agreement) and (c) not settle any such Tax Contest without the prior written consent of Spinco, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, to the extent such settlement relates
      to a material indemnification obligation of Spinco pursuant to this Agreement.

  
    24

    
      

  

          Section 6.4  Other Tax Contests. KAR shall have the sole responsibility and right to control the prosecution of any Tax Contest not covered under Section 6.2
      or Section 6.3, including the exclusive right to communicate with agents of the applicable Taxing Authority and to control, resolve, settle, or agree to any deficiency, claim, or adjustment proposed, asserted, or assessed in connection with
      or as a result of such Tax Contest; provided, however, that to the extent that such Tax Contest relates to Taxes for which Spinco has an indemnification obligation pursuant to this Agreement, KAR shall (a) defend such Tax Contest
      diligently and in good faith, (b) keep Spinco informed in a timely manner of all actions proposed to be taken by KAR with respect to such Tax Contest (or, to the extent practicable, the portion of such Tax Contest that relates to Taxes for which
      Spinco is responsible pursuant to this Agreement) and (c) not settle any such Tax Contest without the prior written consent of Spinco, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, to the extent such settlement relates to a
      material indemnification obligation of Spinco pursuant to this Agreement.

  

  

          Section 6.5  Obligation of Continued Notice.  During the pendency of any Tax Contest or threatened Tax Contest, each of the Parties shall provide prompt notice to
      the other Party of any written communication received by it or a member of its respective Group from a Taxing Authority regarding any Tax Contest for which it is indemnified by the other Party hereunder or for which it may be required to indemnify
      the other Party hereunder.  Such notice shall include copies of the pertinent portion of any written communication from a Taxing Authority and contain factual information (to the extent known) describing any asserted Tax liability in reasonable
      detail and shall be accompanied by copies of any notice and other documents received from any Taxing Authority in respect of any such matters.  Such notice shall be provided in a timely fashion; provided, however, that in the event
      that timely notice is not provided, a Party shall be relieved of its obligation to indemnify the other Party only to the extent that such delay results in actual increased costs or actual prejudice to such other Party.

  

  

          Section 6.6  Settlement Rights.  Unless waived by the Parties in writing, in connection with any potential adjustment  or settlement in a Tax Contest as a result of
      which adjustment or settlement the Non-Controlling Party may reasonably be expected to become liable to make any indemnification payment to the Controlling Party under this Agreement: (i) the Controlling Party shall keep the Non-Controlling Party
      informed in a timely manner of all actions taken or proposed to be taken by the Controlling Party with respect to such potential adjustment or settlement in such Tax Contest; (ii) the Controlling Party shall timely provide the Non-Controlling Party
      with copies of any correspondence or filings submitted to any Tax Authority or judicial authority in connection with such potential adjustment or settlement in such Tax Contest; and (iii) the Controlling Party shall defend such Tax Contest diligently
      and in good faith. The failure of the Controlling Party to take any action specified in the preceding sentence with respect to the Non-Controlling Party shall not relieve the Non-Controlling Party of any liability and/or obligation which it may have
      to the Controlling Party under this Agreement, and in no event shall such failure relieve the Non-Controlling Party from any other liability or obligation which it may have to the Controlling Party.

  
    25

    
      

  

  

  

  Section 6.7        Tax Contest Costs and Expenses. In the event that a
      Tax Contest could reasonably impact the amount of Taxes, Tax Attributes, Refunds or other Tax benefits of both the Controlling Party and the Non-Controlling Party (taking into account the terms of this Agreement), the Non-Controlling Party shall
      reimburse the Controlling Party for its allocable share of costs and expenses (including employee compensation, court costs, filing fees and accounting, legal and other professional fees) based on the proportion that the amount of Taxes, Tax
      Attributes, Refunds, or other Tax benefits of the Non-Controlling Party that could reasonably be impacted by such Tax Contest bear to the whole amount that could be impacted by such Tax Contest.

  

  

  ARTICLE VII

  

  

  COOPERATION

  

  

          Section 7.1  General.

   

      

  (a)          Each Party shall fully cooperate, and shall cause all members of
      such Party’s Group to fully cooperate, with all reasonable requests in writing from the other Party, or from an agent, representative or advisor to such Party, in connection with the preparation and filing of any Tax Return, claims for Refunds, the
      conduct of any Tax Contest, and calculations of amounts required to be paid pursuant to this Agreement, in each case, related or attributable to or arising in connection with Taxes of either Party or any member of either Party’s Group covered by this
      Agreement and the establishment of any reserve required in connection with any financial reporting (a “Tax Matter”). Such cooperation shall include the provision of any information reasonably necessary or helpful in connection with a Tax
      Matter and shall include, without limitation, at each Party’s own cost:

  

  

  (i)          the provision of any Tax Returns of either Party
      or any member of either Party’s Group, books, records (including information regarding ownership and Tax basis of property), documentation and other information relating to such Tax Returns, including accompanying schedules, related work papers, and
      documents relating to rulings or other determinations by Taxing Authorities;

  

  

  (ii)          the execution of any document (including any
      power of attorney) in connection with any Tax Contest of either Party or any member of either Party’s Group, or the filing of a Tax Return or a Refund claim of either Party or any member of either Party’s Group;

  

  

  (iii)          the use of the Party’s reasonable best efforts
      to obtain any documentation in connection with a Tax Matter; and

  

  

  (iv)          the use of the Party’s reasonable best efforts
      to obtain any Tax Returns (including accompanying schedules, related work papers, and documents), documents, books, records or other information in connection with the filing of any Tax Returns of either Party or any member of either Party’s Group.

  
    26

    
      

  

  

  

  

  

  Each Party shall make its employees and facilities available, without charge, on a mutually convenient basis to facilitate such cooperation.

  

  

          Section 7.2  Consistent Treatment.  Unless and until there has been a Final Determination to the contrary, each Party agrees not to take any position on any Tax
      Return, in connection with any Tax Contest or otherwise, that is inconsistent with (a) the treatment of payments between the KAR Group and the Spinco Group as set forth in Section 5.4, or (b) the Intended Tax Treatment.

  

  

  ARTICLE VIII

  

  

  RETENTION OF RECORDS; ACCESS

  

  

          Section 8.1  Retention of Records.  For so long as the contents thereof may become material in the administration of any matter under applicable Tax Law, but in any
      event until the later of (i) sixty (60) days after the expiration of any applicable statutes of limitation (including any waivers or extensions thereof) and (ii) seven years after the Distribution Date, the Parties shall retain records, documents,
      accounting data and other information (including computer data) necessary for the preparation and filing of all Tax Returns (collectively, “Tax Records”) in respect of Taxes of any member of either the KAR Group or the Spinco Group for any
      Pre-Distribution Period, Straddle Period, or Post-Distribution Period or for any Tax Contests relating to such Tax Returns.  At any time after the Distribution Date that the KAR Group proposes to destroy such records or documents, it shall first
      notify the Spinco Group in writing and the Spinco Group shall be entitled to receive such records or documents proposed to be destroyed. At any time after the Distribution Date that the Spinco Group proposes to destroy such records or documents, it
      shall first notify the KAR Group in writing and the KAR Group shall be entitled to receive such records or documents proposed to be destroyed. The Parties shall notify each other in writing of any waivers or extensions of the applicable statute of
      limitations that may affect the period for which the foregoing records or other documents must be retained.

  

  

          Section 8.2  Access to Tax Records.  The Parties and their respective Affiliates shall make available to each other for inspection and copying during normal business
      hours upon reasonable notice all Tax Records (and, for the avoidance of doubt, any pertinent underlying data accessed or stored on any computer program or information technology system) in their possession and shall permit the other Party and its
      Affiliates, authorized agents and representatives and any representative of a Taxing Authority or other Tax auditor direct access, during normal business hours upon reasonable notice, to any computer program or information technology system used to
      access or store any Tax Records, in each case to the extent reasonably required by the other Party in connection with the preparation of Tax Returns or financial accounting statements, audits, litigation, or the resolution of items pursuant to this
      Agreement.  The Party seeking access to the records of the other Party shall bear all costs and expenses associated with such access, including any professional fees; provided, however, that if the access to Tax Records pursuant to
      this Section 8.2 results in a Refund, Tax benefit or other reduction in Taxes to the Party providing such access, the Party providing access shall reimburse the Party seeking access for the providing Party’s allocable portion of the costs and
      expenses of the Party seeking access, based on the amount of Refund, Tax benefit or other reduction in Taxes realized by the Party providing access.

  
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  ARTICLE IX

  

  

  DISPUTE RESOLUTION

  

  

          Section 9.1  Dispute Resolution Mechanics. The Parties shall attempt in good faith to resolve any disagreement arising with respect to this Agreement, including any
      dispute in connection with a claim by a third party (a “Dispute”). Either Party may give the other Party written notice of any Dispute not resolved in the normal course of business. If the Parties cannot agree within thirty (30) Business Days
      following the date on which one Party gives such notice (the “Dispute Date”), then the Dispute shall be referred to a Tax Expert acceptable to each of the Parties to act as an arbitrator in order to resolve the Dispute. If the Parties are
      unable to agree upon a Tax Expert within ten (10) Business Days, the Tax Expert selected by KAR and the Tax Expert selected by Spinco shall jointly select a Tax Expert that will resolve the Dispute. Such Tax Expert shall be empowered to resolve the
      Dispute, including by engaging nationally recognized lar firms, accountants and other experts. The Tax Expert chosen to resolve the Dispute shall furnish written notice to the Parties of its resolution of such Dispute as soon as practicable, but in
      no event later than forty-five (45) Business Days after its acceptance of the matter for resolution. Any such resolution by the Tax Expert shall be conclusive and binding on the Parties. The fees and expenses of the Tax Expert shall be allocated
      between the Parties in the same proportion that the aggregate amount of disputed items that were determined in favor of the other Party (as finally determined by the Tax Expert) bears to the total amount of disputed items submitted by the Parties.

  

  

  ARTICLE X

  

  

  MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

  

  

          Section 10.1     Conflicting Agreements.  In the event and to the extent that there shall be a conflict between
      the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of the Separation and Distribution Agreement, this Agreement shall control with respect to the subject matter thereof.

  

  

          Section 10.2     Termination. This Agreement will terminate without further action at any time before the
      Distribution upon termination of the Separation and Distribution Agreement. If terminated, no Party will have any liability of any kind to the other Party or any other Person on account of this Agreement, except as provided in the Separation and
      Distribution Agreement.

  

  

          Section 10.3     Interest on Late Payments.  With respect to any payment between the Parties pursuant to this
      Agreement not made by the due date set forth in this Agreement for such payment, the outstanding amount will accrue interest at a rate per annum equal to the rate in effect for underpayments under Section 6621 of the Code from such due date to and
      including the payment date.

  

  

          Section 10.4     Specific Performance. In the event of any actual or threatened default in, or breach of, any of
      the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement, KAR shall have the right to specific performance and injunctive or other equitable relief of its rights under this Agreement, in addition to any and all other rights and remedies at law or in
      equity, and all such rights and remedies shall be cumulative. Spinco shall not oppose the granting of such relief on the basis that money damages are an adequate remedy. The Parties agree that the remedies at law for any breach or threatened breach
      hereof, including monetary damages, are inadequate compensation for any loss and that any defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate is waived. Any requirements for the securing or posting of any bond with
      such remedy are waived. The Parties acknowledge and agree that the right of specific enforcement is an integral part of this Agreement and without that right, neither KAR nor Spinco would have entered into this Agreement.

  
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          Section 10.5     Successors.  This Agreement shall be binding on and inure to the benefit of any successor by
      merger, acquisition of assets, or otherwise, to any of the parties hereto, to the same extent as if such successor had been an original party to this Agreement.

  

  

          Section 10.6     Application to Present and Future Subsidiaries.  This Agreement is being entered into by KAR and
      Spinco on behalf of themselves and the members of their respective Group. This Agreement shall constitute a direct obligation of each such Party and shall be deemed to have been readopted and affirmed on behalf of any entity that becomes a Subsidiary
      of KAR or Spinco in the future.

  

  

          Section 10.7     Assignability.  This Agreement shall not be assignable, in whole or in part, directly or
      indirectly, by any party hereto without the prior written consent of the other Party (not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), and any attempt to assign any rights or obligations arising under this Agreement without such consent shall be void.
      Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement shall be assignable to (i) with respect to KAR, an Affiliate of KAR, or (ii) a bona fide third party in connection with a merger, reorganization, consolidation or the sale of all or substantially all the
      assets of a Party hereto so long as the resulting, surviving or transferee entity assumes all the obligations of the relevant Party hereto by operation of law or pursuant to an agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the other
      Party to this Agreement. No assignment permitted by this Section 10.7 shall release the assigning Party from liability for the full performance of its obligations under this Agreement.

  

  

          Section 10.8     No Fiduciary Relationship.  The duties and obligations of the Parties, and their respective
      successors and permitted assigns, contained herein are the extent of the duties and obligations contemplated by this Agreement; nothing in this Agreement is intended to create a fiduciary relationship between the Parties hereto, or any of their
      successors and permitted assigns, or create any relationship or obligations other than those explicitly described.

  

  

  Section 10.9     No Duplication; No Double Recovery. Nothing in this
      Agreement, the Separation and Distribution Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement is intended to confer to or impose upon any Party a duplicative right, entitlement, benefit, reduction, obligation or recovery with respect to any matter arising out of
      the same facts and circumstances.

  

  

          Section 10.10   Further Assurances.  Subject to the provisions hereof, the Parties hereto shall make, execute,
      acknowledge and deliver such other instruments and documents, and take all such other actions, as may be reasonably required in order to effectuate the purposes of this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.

  
    29

    
      

  

          Section 10.11   Survival.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, all
      representations, covenants and obligations contained in this Agreement shall survive until the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations with respect to any such matter (including extensions thereof).

  

  

          Section 10.12   Notices.  All notices, requests, claims, demands or other communications under this Agreement
      shall be in writing and shall be given or made (and shall be deemed to have been duly given or made upon receipt) by delivery in person, by overnight courier service, by facsimile or electronic transmission with receipt confirmed (followed by
      delivery of an original via overnight courier service) or by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to the respective Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party as shall be specified in
      a notice given in accordance with this Section 10.12):

   

    

  
    	 	
            If to KAR, to:

          
	 	 	 
	 	 	
            KAR Auction Services, Inc.

          
	 	 	
            13085 Hamilton Crossing Boulevard

          
	 	 	
            Carmel, Indiana 46032

          
	 	 	
            Email:

          	
            becca.polak@karauctionservices.com

          
	 	 	
            Attention:

          	
            Chief Legal Officer

          
	 	 
	 	
            with a copy (prior to the Effective Time) to:

          
	 	 	 
	 	 	
            Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

          
	 	 	
            Four Times Square

          
	 	 	
            New York, New York 10036

          
	 	 	
            Email:

          	
            Sean.Doyle@skadden.com

          
	 	 	 	
            Gregory.Fernicola@skadden.com

          
	 	 	 	
            Dwight.Yoo@skadden.com

          
	 	 	
            Attention:

          	
            Sean C. Doyle

          
	 	 	 	
            Gregory A. Fernicola

          
	 	 	 	
            Dwight S. Yoo

          
	 	 
	 	
            If to SpinCo, to:

          
	 	 	 
	 	 	
            Insurance Auto Auctions, Inc.

          
	 	 	
            Two Westbrook Corporate Center, Suite 500

          
	 	 	
            Westchester, Illinois 60154

          
	 	 	
            Email:

          	
            jkett@iaai.com

          
	 	 	 	
            skerley@iaai.com

          
	 	 	
            Attention:

          	
            John Kett

          
	 	 	 	
            Sidney Peryar

          
	 	 
	 	
            with a copy (prior to the Effective Time) to:

          
	 	 	 
	 	 	
            Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

          
	 	 	
            Four Times Square

          
	 	 	
            New York, New York 10036

          
	 	 	
            Email:

          	
            Sean.Doyle@skadden.com

          
	 	 	 	
            Gregory.Fernicola@skadden.com

          
	 	 	 	
            Dwight.Yoo@skadden.com

          
	 	 	
            Attention:

          	
            Sean C. Doyle

          
	 	 	 	
            Gregory A. Fernicola

          
	 	 	 	
            Dwight S. Yoo

          

    

    

     

  
    30

    
      

  

          Section 10.13   Effective Date.  This Agreement shall become effective only upon the occurrence of the
      Distribution.

  

  

  *          *          *

  

  

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    31

    
      

  

  

  

  

  

  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have duly executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

  

  

  	 	
          KAR Auction Services, Inc..

        
	 	 	 
	 	
          By:

        	/s/ Eric M. Loughmiller

        
	 	 	
          Name: Eric M. Loughmiller

        
	 	 	
          Title: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

          

        
	 	 	 
	 	
          IAA, Inc.

        
	 	 	 
	 	
          By:

        	/s/ John W. Kett

        
	 	 	
          Name: John W. Kett

          

        
	 	 	
          Title: Chief Executive Officer and President

          

        

   

  

  32

  

  
    
      

  

  EXHIBIT A

  

  

  [Separation Plan]

   

  

  33

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