Document:

exv10w33

 

Exhibit 10.33

PAGARÉ BANCOLOMBIA (PANAMÁ) S.A. EN

DÓLARES

Pagaré No.

(En adelante el “Pagaré”)

Por: USD$50,000,000.oo

A la tasa Libor a 180 dias vigente el 26 de agosto de

2005 adicionada en 1.5%

Vencimiento Final: Agosto 26 de 2006

BANCOLOMBIA (PANAMÁ) S.A. PROMISSORY

NOTE IN US DOLLARS

Promissory Note No. ___

(Hereinafter the “Promissory Note”)

In the amount of USD$50,000,000.oo

At a rate of Libor 180 days in force August 26, 2005

plus a margin of 1.5%

Expires: August 26, 2006

Nosotros, TUBOS DEL CARIBE LTDA. TUBOCARIBE LTDA. (en adelante el “Deudor”), sociedad identificada
con Nit 800.011.987-3, con domicilio principal en el Muniscipio de Turbaco, constituida mediante
Escritora Pública No. 5077 del 26 de Junio de 1987 otorgada en la Notaria 27 de Bogotá, registrada
en la Cimara de Comercio de Bogotá el 22 de Julio de 1987, representada en este acto por el Dr.
RAFAEL SIMON DEL CASTILLO TRUCCO, identificado con cédula de ciudadania No. 79,155,962 de Usaquén,
en su calidad de Representante legal — Gerenic Principal del Deudor, según consta en el
certificado de existencia y representación legal expedida por la Cámara de Comercio de Cartagena,
debidamente autorizado por la Junta Directiva del Deudor, según consta en el acta No. 5 de Agosto
24 de 2005.

TUBOS DEL CARIBE LTDA. TUBOCARIBE LTDA.(hereinafter the “Debtor”), a company identified with tax
identification number 800.011.987-3, with principal place of business in the city of Turbaco, duly
incorporated by means of Public Deed No. 5077 dated June 26, 1987 of Notary Public No. 27 of the
city of Bogotá, registered before the Chamber of Commerce of the city of Bogotá on July 22, 1987,
represented in this act by Mr. RAFAEL SIMON DEL CASTILLO TRUCCO, identified with citizenship card
No. 79,155,962 issued in Usaquén, in his capacity as Legal Representative — General
Manager of the Debtor, as stated in the certificate issued by the Chamber of Commerce of Cartagena,
duly authorized by the Board of Directors of the Debtor, as shown in the minutes No. 5 dated August
24, 2005.

En virtud de este Pagaré promentemos pagar incondicionalmente a la orden de BANCOLOMBIA (PANAMA)
S.A., establicimeinto Bancario con domicilio principal en Panamá, República de Panamá (en adelante
 el “Banco”), o a quien represente sus derechos, en sus oficinas de Panamá, República de
Panamá o en las oficinas o sucursales de Bancolombia, S.A., a elección del Banco, la suma de
CINCUENTA MILLONES CON 00/100 dólares de los Estrados Unidos de América (USD$50,000,000.00), que
hemos recibido del Banco a

By virtue of this Promissory Note, Debtor promises to pay unconditionally to the order of
BANCOLOMBIA (PANAMA) S.A., a banking entity with its main office in Panama, Republic of Panama
(hereinafter the “Bank”), or to who represents its rights, in its offices located in Panamá,
Republic of Panamá or in the offices of Bancolombia S.A., to the entire discretion of the Bank, the
amount of FIFTY MILLION DOLLARS AND 00/100 of the United States of America (USD$50,000,000.00)
which we have received from the Bank as commercial

 

 

titulo de mutuo commercial con intereses. Pagaremos dicha suma en un plazo de 365 DÍAS mediante UNA
cuota AL VENCIMIENTO de CINCUENTA MILLONES CON 00/100 dólares de los Estados Unidos de América
(USD$50,000,000.00), de amortización a capital, de conformidad con el siguiente plan:

loan subject to interest. We will pay the mentioned amount in a term of 365 DAYS in ONE installment
at the END of the term equivalent to FIFTY MILLION DOLLARS AND 00/100 of the United States of
America (USD$50,000,000.00) of capital amortization, according to this amortization plan:

					
	CUOTA No.
	 	FECHA DE VENCIMIENTO
	 	VALOR USD
	 	 	 	 	 
	1
	 	Agosto 26 de 2006
	 	50,000,000.00
	 	 	 	 	 
	 
	 	TOTAL USD
	 	50,000,000.00

					
	INSTALLMENT No.
	 	EXPIRATION DATE
	 	AMOUNT USD
	 	 	 	 	 
	1
	 	August 26, 2006
	 	50,000,000.00
	 	 	 	 	 
	 
	 	TOTAL USD
	 	50,000,000.00

Reconoceremos durante el plazo intereses en dólares de los Estados Unidos de América, a la tasa Libor
180 dias vigente el 26 de Agosto de 2005, intereses que serán cancelados semestre vencido. En caso
de mora pagaremos, por cada día de retardo, intereses liquidados a la tasa pactada para el plazo
adicionada en tres puntos porcentuales, (3.0%), pero sin que de ningón modo se exceda el máximo
legal permitido que rija al momento de en cancelación, todo ello
sin perjuicio de los dereelios y
acciones que pueda tener el Banco para obtener el recaudo de la obligación.

We recognize interest for the term in dollars of the United States of America at an interest rate
of Libor 180 days in force August 26, 2005, plus a margin of 1.5% which will be cancelled at the
end of every semester. In case of delayed payments, we will pay, for each day of delay, as daily
moratorium interest the above term rate plus three points percent (3.0%), but it shall not exceed
the maximum rate permitted by the existing regulations at the moment of payment, notwithstanding
the rights and claims that the Bank may have in order to obtain the payment of this obligation.

El
incumplimiento o retardo en el pago de una cualquiera de las cuotas de amortización a capital o
de los interestes, dará lugar a que el Banco declare vencida la obligación y exija el pago de la
totalidad de la deuda. Igualmente, es entendido que el Banco podra exigir el cumplimiento de la
obligación contenida en el presente Pagaré en los siguientes easos: 1 — Si los bienes del Deudor
son embargados o perseguidos por cualquier persona en ejercicio de cualquier acción, siempre y
cuando el valor embargado o perseguido, de
manera individual o conjunta sen igual o superior a setenta y dos mil millones de pesos colombianos
($72,000,000,000.00). El revisor fiscal del Deudor deberá certificar al Banco cada dos (2) meses
contados a partir de la fecha el de suscripción de este Pagaré, si los bienses del Deudor han sido
embargados o -------

Any default or delay in the payment of any of the amortization installments of principal amount or
interest will allow the Bank to declare due and payable the obligation and to demand the payment in
full of the debt. Additionally, it is understood that the Bank may demand the fulfillment of the
obligation contained in this Promissory Note in the following cases: 1 — If the property of the
Debtor is seized or claimed by any third party in the course of any action, but only in the event
the amount seized or claimed, individually or cumulative, is equal to or higher than seventy two
billion Colombian pesos (72,000,000,000.00). The Debtor’s Auditor shall certify the Bank, every two
(2) months from the date the debtor subscribes this Promissory Note, if the Debtor’s assets are

 

 

perseguidos en eualquier acción, y en caso afirmativo el monto total de los enismos. 2 — En el
evento de disolución, liquidación o proceso concursal del Deudor.

seized or claimed in the course of any action, and the amount in which the Debtor’s property is
seized or claimed. 2. In the event the Debtor dissolves, liquidates or enters into a restructuring
process.

Seran de nuestro cargo los impuestos o gravámenes que afecten la obligación bajo eualquier
jurisdicción, de tal enanera que todos los pagos se harán libres de impuestos, retenciones,
deducciónes y demás restricciónes, debiendo recibir siempre el Banco la suma aqui especificada, y
renunciamos en favor del Banco a los beneficios legales, presentes o futuros, que lleguen a
modificarla en su cuantia, exigibilidad o en cualquier otro concepto relaciónado con la promesa
incondiciónal de pago que hacemos. El Banco queda autorizado para debitar todas las sumas de dinero
adeudadas, tales como capital, intereses, impuestos, costos y gastos de la cobranza prejudicial y
judicial, etc., de la cuenta corriente, de la cuenta de ahorros, de cualquier depósito o suma de
dinero que exista a nuestro nombre o a nombre de alguno de nosotros en cualesquiera de sus oficinas
en el pais. Igualmente autorizamos irrevocablemente al Banco para ordenar a Bancolumbia S.A.,
debitar nuestras cuentas en Bancolombia S.A., y girar al Banco los fondos debitados para cancelar
la obigación en el exterior, lo que incluiria hacer las gestiones cambiarias pertinentes por cuenta
nuestra y a nuestro cargo. Renunciamos a la presentación de este Paragré, al protesto, al aviso de
que ha sido incumplido y a coalquier requerimiento futuro en caso de mora para hacer el pago y
serán de nuestro cargo todos los costos razonables en que el Banco incurra en concección con el
cobro de este Pagaré. Asi mismo, renunciamos al fuero de nuestro domiciolio, a efecto de lo cual
el Banco podra demandamos en cualquier jurisdicción en donde el Deudor posea activios de cualquier
clase.

Any tax or levy that may affect the obligations stated herein that may be imposed in any
jurisdiction will be on our account. Therefore, all payments will be made free from any tax,
withholdings, deduction or any other restriction, and the Bank shall receive the amount due and
specified in herein. In the benefit of the Bank, we resign to all current or future legal benefits
that may modify the amount, enforceability or any other concept related to the unconditionally
promise of payment we make hereto. The Bank is authorized to debit any outstanding amounts such as
principal, interest, taxes, charges and expenses related to the collection prior to or in legal
action of the debt, from our checking account, savings account, from any deposit or amount existing
under our names in any of the offices of the Bank located in the country. Additionally, we
irrevocably authorize the Bank to order Bancolombia S.A., to debit our accounts in Bancolumbia
S.A., and remit the debited funds to the Bank to cover the due and unpaid sums of money. In the
aforementioned event, we authorize the Bank and Bancolombia S.A. to make, subscribe and take into
effect any document that my be required by the proper exchange authorities. We waive the
presentation of this Promissory Note, protest, default notice and any other future notice related
to the Promissory Note in case of delay in the payment. All the reasonable expenses that the Bank
may incur in the collection of the Promissory Note
will be to our account. We resign to our domicile forum, and therefore the Bank may sue us in any
jurisdiction where the Debtor may have any assets of any kind.

En caso de piepago, éste podrá efectuarse previo aviso por escrito al Banco con no menos de quince
(15) dias calendario de ------------

In case of prepayment, it must be notified to the Bank in writing at least fifteen (15) days prior
to the prepayment.

 

 

anticipación a la fecha en que se vaya a hacer el prepago. En el evento en que el prepago se
realice durante los seis (6) meses siguientes a la fecha del
desembolso del crédito, reconoceremos
al Banco una comisión de prepago de veinticinco (25) puntos bisicos sobre el valor prepagado.

In the event, the prepayment is done during the six months following the credit’s disbursement
date, we shall recognize a prepayment commission equivalent to twenty five (25) basic points over
the prepaid amount.

El Banco
podrá ceder sus derechos derivados de este pagaré asi como vender participaciones de sus
derechos derivados de este pagaré a uno o más bancos comericiales (un Participante) sin notificar
de este hecho al Deudor. El Banco queda autorizado para revelar a un potencial Participante
cualquier información que posea relacionada con el Duedor de este Pagaré y con las obligaciónes que
en el se contraen.

The Bank may assign its rights derived from this Promissory Note as well as sell any participation
in the rights derived from this Promissory Note to one or more commercial banks (a Participant),
without any notice to the Debtor. The Bank is hereby authorized to reveal any information related
to the Debtor or to the obligations stated herein to any potential Participant.

El Deudor
y su accionista mayoritario, Maverick Tube Corporation (en adelante
“Maverick”), se comprometen a no registrar o realizar un
cambio en la composición accionaria del Deudor que conlleve a
que la participación accionaria de Maverick en el
Deudor, directa y/o indirecta, sea inferior al 80% de las acciones del Deudor (la “Participación
Minima”), sin contar con la autorizacin previa y escrita del Banco. El Deudor o Maverick
notificaran al Banco cualquier cambio en la participación accionaria de Maverick en el Deudor.

The Debtor and its majority shareholder, Maverick Tube Corporation (hereinafter “Maverick”),
promise not to register or implement any transaction that may change Maverick’s current
participation in the Debtor’s capital structure in such a way that it no longer remains as direct
or indirect shareholder of at least the eighty percent (80%) of the shares of the Debtor (the
“Minimum Participation”), without the previous written authorization of the Bank. The Debtor or
Maverick shall notify the Bank of any change in Maverick’s ownership in the Debtor’s shares.

En el
evento en que la participación accionaria de Maverick en el Deudor sea inferior a la
Participación Minima el Banco podrá declarer vencido el plaxo pendiente para el pago de los
prestamos y exigir el pago immediato de los saldos pendientes que incluyan capital, intereses y
demas gastos y costas de cobranza que genere el cobro de la presente obligación.

In the event Maverick’s participation in the Debtor’s capital structure diminishes below the
Minimum Participation, the Bank may declare expired from the term for payment of the loan, and
demand the immediate payment of the outstanding amounts including principal, interest and other
expenses and charges related to the collection of the amounts.

Este
Pagaré se regirá e interpretará por las leyes de la
Repũblica de Colombia. Este Pagaré se
regirá e interpretará para todos los efectos legales por la
versión en

This Promissory Note will be subject to and will be construed pursuant to the laws of the Republic
of Columbia. This Promissory Note shall be subject to the

 

 

Español. La traducción en Inglés se incluye únicamente pora efectos ilustrativos y facilidad de
entendimiento. En caso de caulquier discrepancia o inconsistencia entre ambas versiones, la versión
en español prevalecera.

Spanish version and shall be interpreted according to the Spanish version. The English translation
is only for information purposes. In the event of a discrepancy between both versions, the Spanish
version shall prevail.

Subscribimos este Pagaré en Cartagena el dia 26 de Agosto de 2005 fecha en la cual lo hemos
entregado al Banco para hacerio negociable.

We subscribe this Promissory Note in Cartagena on August 26, 2005, date on which we have
delivered the Promissory Note to the Bank in order to make it negotiable.

Nuestra responsibilidad incondicional se extiende a todas las prórrogas, renovaciones o
ampliaciones del palzo que el Banco otorgue a cualesquiera de nosotros y durante las cuales
continuará sin modificación alguna nuestra obligación de solucionar incondicionalmente las deudas
aqui contenidas, las cuales acceptamos expresamente desde la fecha. Los abonos parciales y/o pago
de intereses que se hagan a este Pagaré, los registrará el Banco en otros documentos, ya scan manuals
o sistematizados.

Our unconditional liability will cover any extensions of the term or any renewals granted by the
Bank during which our obligation of assuming unconditionally all the debts contained herein, which
we assume as of today, will remain unmodified. Partial payments and/or payment of interest related
to this Promissory Note shall be registered by the Bank in other documents, either manually or
through its information system.

/s/ RAFAEL DEL CASTILLO

 

 

Maverick Tube Corporation

16401 Swingley Ridge Road, Ste 700

Chesterfield, MO 63017

August 25, 2005

Messrs:

BANCOLOMBIA (PANAMA) S.A.

BANCOLOMBIA S.A.

Medellin

By means of this document, JOYCE M. SCHULDT, of legal age, domiciled in The United States of
America, identified with passport No. 202.442.958 and dully authorized to act in representation of
Maverick Tube Corporation, a company duly incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware
states that acknowledges and accepts the covenant inserted in the Promissory Note in the amount of
Fifty Million Dollars of the United States of America (USD$50,000,000.oo) dated August 26, 2005 and
signed by TUBOS DEL CARIBE Ltda. Tubocaribe Ltda., for the benefit of BANCOLOMBIA (PANAMA) S.A.
(the “Bank”), with an expiration date of August 26, 2006 (the “Expiration Date”).

Such covenant states the following:

	 	 	The Debtor and its majority shareholder, Maverick Tube Corporation (hereinafter “Maverick”),
promise not to register or implement any transaction that may change Maverick’s current
participation in the Debtor’s capital structure in such a way that it no longer remains as direct
or indirect shareholder of at least the eighty percent (80%) of the shares of the Debtor (the
“Minimum Participation”), without the previous written authorization of the Bank. The Debtor or
Maverick shall notify the Bank of any change in Maverick’s ownership in the Debtor’s shares.
	 
	 	 	In the event Maverick’s participation in the Debtor’s capital structure diminishes below the
Minimum Participation, the Bank may declare expired the term for payment of the loan, and demand
the immediate payment of the outstanding amounts including principal, interest and other expenses
and charges related to the collection of the amounts.

Best regards,

/s/ Joyce M. Schuldt

JOYCE M. SCHULDT

SVP — Finance, Chief Financial Officer & Secretary

MAVERICK TUBE CORPORATIONexv4w12

 

Exhibit 4.12

EXECUTION
COPY

AMERICAN REF-FUEL COMPANY LLC

and

WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

as Trustee and Securities Intermediary

INDENTURE

Dated as of May 1,2003

Senior Notes

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	Page	 
	ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF
GENERAL APPLICATION 
	 	 	1	 
	SECTION 1.1 Construction 
	 	 	1	 
	SECTION 1.2 Definitions 
	 	 	2	 
	SECTION 1.3 Compliance Certificates and Opinions 
	 	 	20	 
	SECTION 1.4 Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee 
	 	 	21	 
	SECTION 1.5 Notices, Etc. to Trustee 
	 	 	21	 
	SECTION 1.6 Notices to Holders; Waiver 
	 	 	22	 
	SECTION 1.7 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act 
	 	 	23	 
	SECTION 1.8 Effect of Headings and Table of Contents 
	 	 	23	 
	SECTION 1.9 Successors and Assigns 
	 	 	23	 
	SECTION 1.10 Severability Clause 
	 	 	23	 
	SECTION 1.1 1 Benefits of Indenture 
	 	 	23	 
	SECTION 1.12 Governing Law 
	 	 	23	 
	SECTION 1.13 Legal Holidays 
	 	 	23	 
	SECTION 1.14 Execution in Counterparts 
	 	 	24	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 2 THE NOTES 
	 	 	24	 
	SECTION 2.1 Form of Note to Be Established by
Series Supplemental Indenture 
	 	 	24	 
	SECTION 2.2 Form of Trustee’s Authentication 
	 	 	24	 
	SECTION 2.3 Amount; Issuable in Series 
	 	 	24	 
	SECTION 2.4 Authentication and Delivery of Notes 
	 	 	26	 
	SECTION 2.5 Form 
	 	 	27	 
	SECTION 2.6 Execution of Notes 
	 	 	27	 
	SECTION 2. 7 Temporary Notes 
	 	 	28	 
	SECTION 2.8 Registration; Restrictions on Transfer and Exchange 
	 	 	28	 
	SECTION 2.9 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Notes 
	 	 	30	 
	SECTION 2.10 Payment of Principal and Interest; Principal
and Interest Rights Preserved 
	 	 	31	 
	SECTION 2.1l Persons Deemed Owners 
	 	 	32	 
	SECTION 2.12 Cancellation 
	 	 	32	 
	SECTION 2.13 Dating of Notes; Computation of Interest 
	 	 	33	 
	SECTION 2.14 Source of Payments Limited; Rights and
Liabilities of the Company 
	 	 	33	 
	SECTION 2.15 Allocation of Principal and Interest 
	 	 	33	 
	SECTION 2.16 Parity of Notes 
	 	 	33	 
	SECTION 2.1 7 CUSIP Numbers 
	 	 	33	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 3 APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS FROM SALE OF NOTES 
	 	 	34	 
	SECTION 3.1 Application of Proceeds from Sale of Notes 
	 	 	34	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	- ii -

 

 

	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	Page	 
	ARTICLE 4 COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY 
	 	 	34	 
	SECTION 4.1 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest 
	 	 	34	 
	SECTION 4.2 Financial Statements and Other Information 
	 	 	34	 
	SECTION 4.3 Existence; Conduct of Business 
	 	 	35	 
	SECTION 4.4 Compliance with Laws and Contractual Obligations 
	 	 	36	 
	SECTION 4.5 Maintenance of Properties; Insurance 
	 	 	36	 
	SECTION 4.6 Payment of Taxes and Claims 
	 	 	36	 
	SECTION 4.7 Books and Records; Inspection Rights 
	 	 	36	 
	SECTION 4.8 Indebtedness 
	 	 	36	 
	SECTION 4.9 Liens 
	 	 	37	 
	SECTION 4.10 Prohibition on Sale of Assets 
	 	 	37	 
	SECTION 4.1l Modifications of Certain Documents 
	 	 	38	 
	SECTION 4.12 Prohibition on Fundamental Changes 
	 	 	38	 
	SECTION 4.13 Maintenance of Tax Status 
	 	 	38	 
	SECTION 4.14 Restricted Payments 
	 	 	38	 
	SECTION 4.15 Equity Contribution Agreement 
	 	 	38	 
	SECTION 4.16 Rule 144A Information 
	 	 	39	 
	SECTION 4.17 Additional Collateral 
	 	 	39	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 5 REDEMPTION OF NOTES 
	 	 	39	 
	SECTION 5.1 Optional Redemption; Redemption Price 
	 	 	39	 
	SECTION 5.2 Mandatory Redemption; Selection of Notes
to Be Redeemed; Redemption Price 
	 	 	39	 
	SECTION 5.3 Election or Requirement to Redeem; Notice to Trustee 
	 	 	40	 
	SECTION 5.4 Notice of Redemption 
	 	 	41	 
	SECTION 5.5 Notes Payable on Redemption Date 
	 	 	41	 
	SECTION 5.6 Notes Redeemed in Part 
	 	 	42	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 6 DEBT SERVICE RESERVE ACCOUNTS 
	 	 	42	 
	SECTION 6.1 Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account 
	 	 	42	 
	SECTION 6.2 Securities Account; Securities Intermediary 
	 	 	45	 
	SECTION 6.3 Security Interest 
	 	 	47	 
	SECTION 6.4 Investment of Funds 
	 	 	47	 
	SECTION 6.5 Shared Collateral Account 
	 	 	47	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 7 EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES 
	 	 	48	 
	SECTION 7.1 Events of Default 
	 	 	49	 
	SECTION 7.2 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment 
	 	 	51	 
	SECTION 7.3 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim; Appointment
of Trustee as Attorney-in-Fact in Judicial Proceedings 
	 	 	52	 
	SECTION 7.4 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Notes 
	 	 	52	 
	SECTION 7.5 Application of Money Collected 
	 	 	53	 
	SECTION 7.6 Limitation on Suits 
	 	 	53	 
	SECTION 7.7 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal,
Premium and Interest 
	 	 	54	 
	SECTION 7.8 Restoration of Rights and Remedies 
	 	 	54	 
	SECTION 7.9 Rights and Remedies Cumulative 
	 	 	54	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	- iii -

 

 

	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	Page	 
	SECTION 7.10 Delay or Omission Not Waiver 
	 	 	54	 
	SECTION 7.11 Control by Holders 
	 	 	54	 
	SECTION 7.12 Waiver of Past Defaults 
	 	 	55	 
	SECTION 7.13 Undertaking for Costs 
	 	 	55	 
	SECTION 7.14 Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws 
	 	 	56	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 8 CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE 
	 	 	56	 
	SECTION 8.1 Certain Rights and Duties of Trustee 
	 	 	56	 
	SECTION 8.2 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals, Etc 
	 	 	58	 
	SECTION 8.3 Trustee and Others May Hold Notes 
	 	 	58	 
	SECTION 8.4 Moneys Held by Trustee or Paying Agent 
	 	 	58	 
	SECTION 8.5 Compensation of Trustee and Its Lien 
	 	 	58	 
	SECTION 8.6 Right of Trustee to Rely on Officers’ Certificates and
Opinions of Counsel 
	 	 	59	 
	SECTION 8.7 Persons Eligible for Appointment As Trustee 
	 	 	59	 
	SECTION 8.8 Resignation and Removal of Trustee; Appointment of Successor 
	 	 	59	 
	SECTION 8.9 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor Trustee 
	 	 	61	 
	SECTION 8.10 Merger, Conversion or Consolidation of Trustee 
	 	 	61	 
	SECTION 8.1 1 Maintenance of Offices and Agencies 
	 	 	62	 
	SECTION 8.12 Reports by Trustee 
	 	 	64	 
	SECTION 8.13 Trustee Risk 
	 	 	64	 
	SECTION 8. 14 Appointment of Co-Trustee 
	 	 	64	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 9 CONCERNING THE HOLDERS 
	 	 	65	 
	SECTION 9.1 Acts of Holders 
	 	 	65	 
	SECTION 9.2 Notes Owned by Company and Affiliates
Deemed Not Outstanding 
	 	 	66	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 10 HOLDERS’ MEETINGS 
	 	 	67	 
	SECTION 10.1 Purposes for Which Holders’ Meetings May Be Called 
	 	 	67	 
	SECTION 10.2 Company and Holders May Call Meeting 
	 	 	67	 
	SECTION 10.3 Persons Entitled to Vote at Meeting 
	 	 	67	 
	SECTION 10.4 Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and
Adjournment of Meeting 
	 	 	68	 
	SECTION 10.5 Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meeting 
	 	 	68	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 1 1 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 
	 	 	69	 
	SECTION 11.1 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders 
	 	 	69	 
	SECTION 11. 2 Supplemental Indenture with Consent of Holders 
	 	 	70	 
	SECTION 11.3 Execution of Supplemental Indentures 
	 	 	71	 
	SECTION 11.4 Effect of Supplemental Indentures 
	 	 	72	 
	SECTION 11.5 Conformity with Trust Indenture Act 
	 	 	72	 
	SECTION 11.6 Reference in Notes to Supplemental Indentures 
	 	 	72	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 12 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE 
	 	 	72	 
	SECTION 12.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Notes 
	 	 	72	 
	SECTION 12.2 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture 
	 	 	73	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	- iv -

 

 

	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	Page	 
	SECTION 12.3 Application of Trust Money 
	 	 	74	 
	SECTION 12.4 Return of Moneys Held by Trustee and
Unclaimed for Three Years 
	 	 	74	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 13 DEFEASANCE 
	 	 	75	 
	SECTION 13.1 Defeasance 
	 	 	75	 
	SECTION 13.2 Conditions to Defeasance 
	 	 	75	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 14 COLLATERAL DOCUMENTS 
	 	 	77	 
	SECTION 14.1 Collateral and Security and Pledge Agreements 
	 	 	77	 
	SECTION 14.2 Maintenance of Liens 
	 	 	78	 
	SECTION 14.3 Action by the Trustee 
	 	 	79	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 15 POSSESSION, USE AND RELEASES OF PROPERTY;
WITHDRAWAL OF TRUST MONEYS 
	 	 	80	 
	SECTION 15.1 Possession and Use of Property; Dispositions without Release 
	 	 	80	 
	SECTION 15.2 Releases 
	 	 	81	 
	SECTION 15.3 Release of Lien on Equity Interests of Subsidiaries 
	 	 	83	 
	SECTION 15.4 No Impairment of Continuing Security 
	 	 	83	 
	SECTION 15.5 Purchaser Protected 
	 	 	83	 
	SECTION 15.6 “Trust Moneys” 
	 	 	84	 
	SECTION 15.7 Powers Exercisable Notwithstanding Event of Default 
	 	 	84	 
	SECTION 15.8 Powers Exercisable by Trustee or Receiver 
	 	 	84	 
	SECTION 15.9 Investment of Moneys 
	 	 	84	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 16 LIMITATION ON LIABILITY 
	 	 	85	 
	SECTION 16.1 Limitation on Liability 
	 	 	85	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	- v -

 

 

	 	 	 	 	 
	SCHEDULES:	 	 
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	Schedule A
	 	Permitted Liens
	 

	 	Schedule B
	 	Purchased Intercompany Debt
	 

	 	Schedule C
	 	Leases
	 
	 	 	 	 

 - vi -

 

 

          INDENTURE dated as of May 1, 2003 between AMERICAN REF-FUEL
COMPANY LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the
“Company”) and Wachovia Bank,
National Association, a national banking association, as trustee (the
“Trustee”).

WITNESSETH:

          WHEREAS, the Company intends from time to time to authorize the creation of
its bonds, debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness to be issued in one or more series
(the “Notes”) up to such principal amount or amounts as may from time to time be authorized in
accordance with the terms of this Indenture (as hereinafter defined); and the Company has duly
authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to secure the Notes and to provide for the
authentication and delivery thereof by the Trustee; and

          WHEREAS, all things necessary to make the Notes, when executed by the
Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee as in this Indenture provided, the valid,
binding and legal obligations of the Company, and to constitute these presents a valid indenture
and agreement according to its terms, have been done;

          NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the premises and of the
covenants herein contained and of the purchase of the Notes by the holders thereof, it is mutually
covenanted and agreed, for the benefit of the parties hereto and the equal and proportionate
benefit of all Holders (as hereinafter defined) of the Notes, as follows:

ARTICLE 1

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS

OF GENERAL APPLICATION

          SECTION 1.1 Construction. For all purposes of this Indenture (and for all
purposes of any other Financing Document (as hereinafter defined) or any other instrument or
agreement that incorporates provisions of this Indenture by reference), except as otherwise
expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

          (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in
this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

          (2) all other terms used herein that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act (as
hereinafter defined), either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to
them therein;

          (3) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, (i) all accounting terms
used herein shall be interpreted, (ii) all financial statements and all certificates and reports
as to financial matters required to be delivered to the Trustee hereunder shall be prepared
and (iii) all calculations made for the purposes of determining compliance with this

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

 

 - 2 -

Indenture shall (except as otherwise expressly provided herein) be made in accordance
with, or by application of, GAAP (as hereinafter defined);

          (4) all references in this Indenture (including the Appendices and Schedules
hereto) to designated “Articles”, “Sections” and other subdivisions are to the designated
Articles, Sections and other subdivisions of this Indenture;

          (5)
the words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar
import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or
other subdivision;

          (6) unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, pronouns having a
masculine or feminine gender shall be deemed to include the other;

          (7) unless otherwise expressly specified, any agreement, contract or document
defined or referred to herein shall mean such agreement, contract or document as in effect
as of the date hereof, as the same may thereafter be amended, supplemented or otherwise
modified from time to time in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the other
Financing Documents and shall include any agreement, contract, instrument or document
in substitution or replacement of any of the foregoing entered into in accordance with the
terms of this Indenture and the other Financing Documents;

          (8) any reference to any Person (as hereinafter defined) shall include its
permitted successors and assigns in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the
other Financing Documents and, in the case of any Governmental Authority (as
hereinafter defined), any Person succeeding to its functions and capacities;

          (9) unless the context clearly requires otherwise, references to “Law” (as
hereinafter defined) or to any particular Law shall include Laws or such particular Law as
in effect at each, every and any of the times in question, including any amendments,
replacements, supplements, extensions, modifications, consolidations, restatements,
revisions or reenactments thereto or thereof, and whether or not in effect at the date of
this Indenture; and

          (10) unless the context clearly indicates to the contrary, all references in this
Indenture to “this Indenture”, the “benefits of this Indenture”, the “Lien of this Indenture”,
or phrases of similar import shall be deemed to include reference to the Collateral
Documents (as hereinafter defined) to the extent that reference to the Collateral
Documents is not expressly made.

          SECTION 1.2 Definitions.

          “Acceptable Bank” means any commercial bank or other financial institution
which (a) is organized under the laws of the United States of America or any political
subdivision thereof, or under the laws of Canada, Japan or any country that is a member of the
European Union, (b) has combined capital, surplus and undivided profits of at least
$500,000,000 and (c) has outstanding long-term senior unsecured, unguaranteed indebtedness

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

 

 -3 -

which is rated “A” or better by S&P and “A2” or better by Moody’s (or an equivalent rating
by
another nationally recognized statistical rating organization of similar standing if either such
corporation is not in the business of rating long-term unsecured bank indebtedness, as the case
may be).

          “Act” when used with respect to any Holder, shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 9.1.

          “Adjusted Cash Flow Available for Fixed Charges” means, for any period the sum
(without duplication) of: (a) Distributions received by the Company from each of its
consolidated Subsidiaries, and (b) other cash income received by the Company during such
period, minus (c) any expenses paid by the Company during such period (other than for Fixed
Charges), plus (d) amounts actually paid by each consolidated Subsidiary of the Company during
such period in respect of Recourse Debt, minus or plus, as applicable (e) Distributions and other
cash income described in the foregoing clauses (a) and (b) that are attributable to extraordinary
gains or other non-recurring items described in clause (c) of the definition of “EBITDA,” plus
(f) funds received by the Company during such period with respect to Intercompany Loans and
minus (g) funds advanced to or incurred during such period by any Subsidiary as Intercompany
Loans.

          “Administrative Agent” means the Administrative Agent under the Bank Credit
Facility.

          “Affiliate” with respect to any Person, means any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by, or under direct or indirect common control with, such
Person. For purposes of this definition, the term “control” (including the correlative meanings of
the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any Person,
shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of
the management policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or
by contract or otherwise. In any event, any Person that owns directly or indirectly 10% or more
of securities having ordinary voting power for the election of directors or other governing body
of another Person or 10% or more other ownership interests of such other Person will be deemed
to control such other Person.

          “Authenticating Agent” means any Person acting as Authenticating Agent
hereunder pursuant to Section 8.11.

          “Authorized Agent” means any Paying Agent, Authenticating Agent or Security
Registrar or other agent appointed by the Trustee in accordance with this Indenture to perform
any function that this Indenture authorizes the Trustee or such agent to perform.

          “Authorized Newspaper” means The Wall Street Journal or, if such publication is
not published at least five days per calendar week, a newspaper published in English
at least
once a day for at least five days in each calendar week and of general circulation in The City of
New York, State of New York. If it shall be impractical in the opinion of the Trustee to make
any publication of any notice required hereby in an Authorized Newspaper, any publication or
other notice in lieu thereof shall constitute a sufficient publication of such notice.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

 

 - 4 -

          “Authorized Representative” of any Person means the person or persons
authorized to act on behalf of such entity by its chief executive officer, president, chief
operating
officer, chief financial officer or any vice president or its board of directors or any other
governing body of such entity.

          “Authorized Signatory” means any officer of the Trustee or any other individual
who shall be duly authorized by appropriate corporate action on the part of the Trustee to
authenticate Notes.

          “Bank Credit Facility” means the credit facility pursuant to the Amended and
Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 1, 2003, among the Company, Citicorp North
America, Inc, and each of the lenders named therein, together with the related documents thereto
(including any guarantees, security agreements, assignments, mortgages and other security
documents executed pursuant thereto), consisting on the date hereof of a revolving credit facility,
in each case as such agreement may be subsequently amended (including any amendment and
restatement thereof), supplemented, replaced, refinanced or otherwise modified from time to
time pursuant to any one or more successive debt facilities.

          “Board of Directors” means the Company’s Board of Directors or any committee
of such Board of Directors duly authorized to act under this Indenture.

          “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the secretary or an
assistant secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of Directors of the
Company and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.

          “Business Day” means a day which is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which
banking institutions (including, without limitation, the members of the Federal Reserve System)
are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close in The City of New
York.

          “Capital Stock” means (a) in the case of a corporation, corporate stock, (b) in the
case of an association or business entity, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or
other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock, (c) in the case of a partnership or
limited liability company, partnership or membership interests (whether general or limited) and
(d) any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of
the
profits and losses of, or distributions of property of, the issuing Person.

          “Cash Equivalents” means (a) securities issued or directly and fully guaranteed or
insured by the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof (provided, that
the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged in support thereof); (b) time
deposits and certificates of deposit of any Acceptable Bank and commercial paper issued by any
such bank (or by the parent corporation thereof), and commercial paper issued by any
financial
institution or other such person, in each case rated at least A-2 or the equivalent thereof by S&P
or at least P-2 or the equivalent thereof by Moody’s; (c) repurchase agreements with a bank or
trust company or recognized securities dealer having capital and surplus in excess of
$500,000,000 for direct obligations issued by or fully guaranteed by the United States of
America on which the Company shall have a perfected first priority security interest (subject to

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

 

- 5 -

no other Liens) and having, on the date of purchase thereof, a fair market value of at least
100% of the amount of repurchase obligations; (d) guaranteed investment contracts entered into with
financial institutions in the ordinary course of business rated at least A or better by S&P and A2
or better by Moody’s; and (e) interests in money market mutual funds which invest solely in assets
or securities of the type described in subparagraphs (a), (b), (c) or (d) hereof; and in the case
of each of (a), (b), (c) and (d) maturing within one year after the date of acquisition.

          “Cash Flow Coverage Ratio” means the ratio, on a cash basis, for any period of
determination of (a) Adjusted Cash Flow Available for Fixed Charges to (b) Fixed Charges (in each
case, calculated on a pro forma basis to take into account the acquisition of any person during
such period for which audited financial statements are available and any Recourse Debt the Company
incurs in connection with such acquisition).

          “Certificated Notes” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5.

          “Collateral” means, subject to Section 6.5(d), the Debt Service Reserve Accounts and all
property and interests in property now owned or hereafter acquired in or upon which a Lien has been
or is purported or intended to have been granted to the Trustee pursuant to the Collateral
Documents.

          “Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement” means the Collateral Agency and
Intercreditor Agreement, dated May 1, 2003 between the Trustee and Collateral Agent and the
Administrative Agent.

          “Collateral Agent” means Wachovia Bank, National Association in its capacity as such
under the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, the Security Agreement and each of the
Pledge Agreements.

          “Collateral Documents” means the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, the
Security Agreement, each of the Pledge Agreements and the other documents and instruments granting
or purporting to grant a Lien on Collateral securing the Notes.

          “Company” has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph of this Indenture.

          “Company Order” means a written request or order signed in the name of the Company by
one of its Authorized Representatives or by its treasurer, secretary, or one of its assistant
treasurers or assistant secretaries.

          “Company’s Obligations” has the meaning set forth in Section 16.1.

          “Corporate Trust Office” means the principal office of the Trustee or Security
Registrar at which the corporate trust business of the Trustee or Security Registrar, as the case
may be, shall at any particular time be principally administered, which at the time of the
execution of this Indenture is, in each case, located at 21 South Street, Morristown, New Jersey
07960.

          “Covenant Defeasance” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.1.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 6 -

          “Custodian” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5.

          “Debt Service Reserve Accounts” means collectively, the Senior Notes Debt Service
Reserve Account and the Shared Collateral Account.

          “Debt Service Reserve Letter of Credit” means one or more irrevocable direct pay
letters of credit available for the purpose of drawing to pay principal and interest on the Notes
in an amount up to the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Requirement and any extensions thereof or
any substitute letter of credit therefor in the stated amount contained in such extension or
substitute and permitting draws thereon as contemplated by Section 6.1, in each case:

     (i) issued to the Trustee (for the benefit of the Holders) by an Acceptable Bank;

     (ii) expiring on the first to occur of (a) the date on which the stated amount
thereof is drawn down to zero, (b) the date on which the Trustee returns the letter of
credit to the issuer thereof for cancellation and (c) the expiration date specified in such
letter of credit, which expiration shall not be earlier than 364 days after the date such
letter of credit was issued;

     (iii) providing for the amount thereof to be made available in full to the Trustee in
multiple drawings conditioned only upon the presentation of a sight draft accompanied by the
applicable certificate in the form attached to such letter of credit; and

     (iv) with respect to which the Company certifies in an Officers’ Certificate that any
reimbursement obligation of the Company related to such letter of credit which constitutes
Indebtedness of the Company, is Subordinated Indebtedness.

          “Default” means an event or condition that, with the giving of notice, lapse of time or
failure to satisfy certain specified conditions, or any combination thereof, could become an Event
of Default if not cured or remedied.

          “Derivative Agreement” means any interest rate swap, cap, collar, floor, forward,
option, put, call or other agreement, arrangement or security however denominated, entered into in
order to hedge interest rate fluctuations on all or a portion of the Indebtedness of the Company or
any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or to provide debt management by changing payments to be made by
the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries with respect to all or a portion of any Indebtedness
with a goal of achieving lower interest costs or reducing interest rate risk and not for
speculative purposes. Any Derivative Agreement of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries
shall provide that the rights of the Company’s or Restricted Subsidiaries’, as applicable,
counterparty to the payment of any settlement amount from the Company or any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries, as applicable, upon early termination of any Derivative Agreement (or any transaction
thereunder) shall be subordinated in right of payment to the rights of the holders of the Notes.

          “Distribution” means, in respect of any Person, (i) any payment of any dividends or other
distributions with respect to the Equity Interests in such Person (except distributions in Equity
Interests), (ii) any payment of principal and interest on Intercompany Loans and (iii) any

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 7 -

purchase, redemption or other acquisition or retirement for value of any Equity Interest in such
Person unless made contemporaneously from the net proceeds of the sale of other Equity Interests.

          “Distribution Compliance Period” has the meaning assigned to such term in
Regulation S.

          “Duke/UAE” means Duke/UAE Ref Fuel LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

          “EBITDA” means, with respect to any Person for any period, the (a) income (or loss) before
interest and taxes of such Person, plus (b) to the extent deducted in determining such income (or
loss), depreciation, amortization and other similar non-cash charges
and reserves, minus (or plus,
as applicable) (c) to the extent recognized in determining such income (or loss), extraordinary
gains (or losses), restructuring charges or other non-recurring items (including payments with
respect to such Person’s employee long term incentive plan), plus (d) to the extent described in
determining such income (or loss), lease payment obligations.

          “Environmental Approvals” means Governmental Approvals required under applicable
Environmental Laws.

          “Environmental Laws” means any and all Laws (as well as obligations, duties and
requirements relating thereto under common law) relating to: (i) noise, emissions, discharges,
spills, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, environmentally regulated
materials, materials containing environmentally regulated materials, or hazardous or toxic
materials or wastes into ambient air, surface water, groundwater, watercourses, publicly or
privately-owned treatment works, drains, sewer systems, wetlands, septic systems or onto land
surface or subsurface strata; (ii) the use, treatment, storage, disposal, handling, manufacture,
processing, distribution, transportation, or shipment of environmentally regulated materials,
materials containing environmentally regulated materials or hazardous and/or toxic wastes,
material, products or by-products (or of equipment or apparatus containing environmentally
regulated materials); (iii) pollution or the protection of human health, the environment or natural
resources or (iv) zoning and land use.

          “Equity Interests” means Capital Stock and all warrants, options or other rights to
acquire Capital Stock (but excluding any debt security that is convertible into, or exchangeable
for, Capital Stock).

          “ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended and in
effect from time to time.

          “Event of Default” means any event or condition specified as such in Section 7.1
hereof that shall have continued for the applicable period of time, if any, therein designated.

          “Excess Cash Flow” means, with respect to any Person, the amount determined in any
fiscal year of such Person equal to such Person’s Revenues less (a) operating expenses, (b)
capital expenditures, (c) payments of debt service of such Person or in respect of any third-

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 8 -

party (including any payments of principal, premiums and interest) and (d) taxes paid by such
Person, all as determined on a consolidated basis.

          “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and in effect from time
to time.

          “Federal Bankruptcy Code” means Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended
and in effect from time to time.

          “Financing Documents” means this Indenture, any Series Supplemental Indenture, the
Notes and the Collateral Documents.

          “First Supplemental Indenture” means the First Supplemental Indenture dated as of May
1, 2003 between the Trustee and the Company.

          “Fixed Charges” means, with respect to the Company for any period, all amounts payable
in respect of Recourse Debt during such period.

          “GAAP” means accounting principles generally accepted in the United States consistently
applied on a basis consistent with the principles, methods, procedures and practices employed in
the preparation of the Company’s audited financial statements, including, without limitation, those
set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American
Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial
Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as may be approved by a
significant segment of the accounting profession.

          “Global Notes” means a Note in global form that evidences all or part of the
Notes of any series and is authenticated and delivered to, and registered in the name of,
the Registered Depositary for such securities or a nominee thereof.

          “Good Faith Contest” means the contest of an item if such item is diligently contested
in good faith by appropriate proceedings timely instituted and adequate reserves are established if
required by and in accordance with GAAP with respect to the contested item.

          “Governmental Approvals” means any authorization, consent, approval, order, license,
franchise, ruling, permit, certification, waiver, exemption, filing or registration by or with any
Governmental Authority (including, without limitation, Environmental Approvals, zoning variances,
special exceptions and non-conforming uses) relating to the construction, ownership, operation or
maintenance of the Operating Facilities or to the execution, delivery or performance of any
Financing Document.

          “Governmental Authority” means any nation, state, sovereign or government, any
federal, regional, state, municipal, local or political subdivision thereof or any department,
commission, board, bureau, agency, instrumentality, judicial or administrative body or other entity
exercising executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory or administrative functions of or
pertaining to government.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 9 -

          “Holder” means a Person in whose name a Note is registered in the Security
Register.

          “Indebtedness” of any Person means, without duplication, (a) all obligations of such Person
for borrowed money or with respect to deposits or advances of any kind, (b) all obligations of such
Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments, (c) all obligations of such
Person under conditional sale or other title retention agreements relating to property acquired by
such Person, (d) all obligations of such Person in respect of the deferred purchase price of
property or services (excluding trade and other accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of
business so long as such trade accounts payable are payable or invoiced and paid within 90 days of
the date the respective goods are delivered or the respective services are rendered), (e) all
Indebtedness of others secured by (or for which the holder of such Indebtedness has an existing
right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien on property owned or acquired by such
Person, whether or not the Indebtedness secured thereby has been assumed, (f) all Indebtedness of
any other Person guaranteed by such Person or for which such Person shall otherwise (including
payments pursuant to any keepwell, makewell or similar arrangement) become directly or indirectly
liable (but, with respect to any guaranty of, or other arrangement to support, the performance of
any other Person, only to the extent that the performance obligation covered by such guaranty or
other support has been reduced to a monetary amount, claim or judgment), (g) all Lease Obligations
of such Person, (h) all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of such Person as an account party or
issuer in respect of letters of credit or the like and (i) all obligations, contingent or
otherwise, of such Person in respect of bankers’ acceptances. The Indebtedness of any Person shall
include the Indebtedness of any other entity (including any partnership in which such Person is a
general partner) to the extent such Person is liable therefor as a result of such Person’s
ownership interest in or other relationship with such entity, except to the extent the terms of
such Indebtedness provide that such Person is not liable therefor.

          “Indenture” means this instrument entered into by the Company and the Trustee.

          “Independent Engineer” means R. W. Beck, Inc., Framingham, Massachusetts, or any
other independent consulting engineer of nationally recognized competence in the waste-to-energy
field appointed by the Company.

          “Initial Notes” means the Notes issued by the Company on the Issue Date under the First
Supplemental Indenture.

          “Intercompany Loans” means any Indebtedness incurred in the ordinary course of
business consistent with practices of the Company and its Subsidiaries prior to the Issue Date in
connection with the Company’s cash management program (including Purchased Intercompany Debt) (i)
by any Subsidiary of the Company and owing to the Company or (ii) by the Company and owing to any
Subsidiary of the Company.

          “Issue Date” means May 9, 2003, the date of initial issuance of the Initial Notes issued under
this Indenture.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 10 -

          “Law” means any constitutional provision, law, statute, rule, regulation, ordinance, treaty,
order, decree, judgment, decision, certificate, holding, injunction, Governmental Approval, consent
or other requirement of any Governmental Authority, enforceable at law or in equity, along with the
interpretation and administration thereof by any Governmental Authority charged with the
interpretation or administration thereof.

          “Lease Obligations” means, without duplication, (a) any Indebtedness represented by
obligations under a lease that is required to be capitalized for financial reporting purposes, (b)
the present value, determined using a discount rate equal to the incremental borrowing rate (as
defined in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 13) of the Person incurring such
obligations, of rent obligations under leases that are not required to be capitalized for financial
reporting purposes but that otherwise constitute “financial leases”, “synthetic leases” or “full
payout” leases, and (c) the leases described on Schedule C to this Indenture; provided, that, the
Lease Obligations referred to in clauses (a) and (b) above have an initial term in excess of one
year and represent Indebtedness in excess of $500,000.

          “Legal Defeasance” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.1.

          “Lien” means any mortgage, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, lien or charge of any kind
(including, without limitation, any conditional sale or other title retention agreement or lease in
the nature thereof, any sale with recourse against the seller or any affiliate of the seller, or
any agreement to give any security interest).

          “Majority Holders” means, in the case of the Notes or any series of Notes, the holders
of more than 50% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes or any series of Notes, as the case may
be, then Outstanding.

          “Mandatory Redemption Account” has the meaning given to such term in Section
5.3.

          “Material Adverse Effect” means a material adverse effect on (a) the Company’s
business, assets, operations, prospects or condition, financial or otherwise, (b) the Company’s
ability to perform any of its obligations under any Financing Document to which the Company is a
party, which obligations are material to the Company or (c) the material rights available to the
holders or the Trustee, as representative of the holders.

          “Member”
means Duke/UAE which at the date of this Indenture is the sole holder of an equity
interest in the Company, and any future member or equity holders of the Company.

          “Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or any successor thereto.

          “Net Cash Proceeds” means, with respect to any sale of assets, issuance of debt or
other extraordinary event, in each case, the cash proceeds of such sale, issuance or event received
by or otherwise legally available to be distributed to the Company, in the form of dividends or
otherwise, net of any debt required to be prepaid upon such sale, issuance or other event,
transaction costs and expenses and taxes (calculated, in the case of
income taxes, on a stand-alone
basis) incurred in connection with such sale, issuance or other event.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 11 -

          “New York UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time
in the State of New York.

          “Non-Recourse Debt” means Indebtedness of any Subsidiary of the Company that is not
Recourse Debt.

          “Notes” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Indenture.

          “Obligations” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13.2.

          “Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate of Authorized Representatives of the
Company signed by (a) the chief executive officer, the president or any vice president of the
Company and (b) the chief financial officer, the treasurer or any assistant treasurer of the
Company.

          “Operating Facilities” means the Company’s waste-to-energy facilities located in: (a)
Hempstead, New York, (b) Newark, New Jersey, (c) Preston, Connecticut, (d) Niagara Falls, New York;
(e) Rochester, Massachusetts and (f) Chester, Pennsylvania and at any time, any other
waste-to-energy facilities and the related equipment, facility site and real property owned by the
Company at such time and, in each case, the business and activities related thereto.

          “Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel for any Person expressly
referred to herein which may include, without limitation, counsel for the Company, whether or not
such counsel is an employee of the Company.

          “Outstanding”, when used with respect to Notes or any principal amount thereof, means, as of
the date of determination, all Notes theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture,
except:

     (i) Notes theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation;

     (ii) Notes or portions thereof for whose redemption money in the necessary amount
has been theretofore deposited in trust with the Trustee; provided that if such
Notes are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption has been
duly given pursuant to Article 5 or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been
made;

     (iii) Notes or portions thereof deemed to have been paid within the meaning of
Section 12.1;

     (iv) Notes as to which defeasance has been effected pursuant to Article 13;

     (v) Notes which have been paid pursuant to Section 2.9 or that have been
exchanged for other Notes or Notes in lieu of which other Notes have been authenticated and
delivered pursuant to this Indenture other than any Notes in respect of which there shall
have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Notes are held

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 12 -

by a protected purchaser in whose hands such Notes constitute valid obligations of the
Company; and

     (vi) Notes not deemed Outstanding in accordance with Section 9.2.

          “Paying Agent” means any Person acting as Paying Agent hereunder pursuant to Section 8.11.

          “Permitted Investments” means investments in securities or other instruments
constituting Cash Equivalents.

          “Permitted Liens” means:

     (a) Liens in the Company’s favor;

     (b) Liens imposed by law for taxes, assessments or governmental charges that are not
yet delinquent and remain payable without penalty or that are being contested in good faith
by appropriate proceedings;

     (c) carriers’, warehousemen’s, mechanics’, materialmen’s, repairmen’s and other like
Liens imposed by law, arising in the ordinary course of business and securing obligations
that are not overdue by more than 45 days or are being contested in good faith by
appropriate proceedings;

     (d) pledges and deposits made by the Company in the ordinary course of business in
compliance with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security laws
or regulations or other statutory obligations;

     (e) pledges, cash deposits or rights of set-off to secure the performance of bids,
tenders, trade contracts, leases, statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds,
performance bonds, government contracts and other obligations of a like nature (other than
for payment obligations of borrowed money), in each case in the ordinary course of business;

     (f) judgment Liens in respect of judgments that do not give rise to an Event of
Default;

     (g) easements, zoning restrictions, rights-of-way and similar charges or encumbrances
on real property imposed by law or arising in the ordinary course of business that do not
secure any monetary obligations and do not materially detract from the value of the affected
property or interfere with the Company’s ordinary conduct of business;

     (h) Liens that are incidental to the Company’s business in the ordinary course,
are not for borrowing money and are not material, taken as a whole, to the Company’s
business;

     (i) Liens created or granted pursuant to the
Collateral Documents;

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 13 -

     (j) other existing Liens as identified on Schedule A to this Indenture;

     (k) Liens existing on property at the time of its acquisition by the Company; provided
that any such Lien shall not extend to or cover any property or assets other than such item of
property or assets and any improvements on such item;

     (1) Liens to secure purchase money indebtedness not exceeding the cost of the property
involved; provided that any such Lien shall not extend to or cover any property or assets other
than such item of property or assets and any improvements on such item;

     (m) Liens created to extend, renew, replace, or refinance any of the Company’s
Indebtedness that is secured by Permitted Liens; provided that any such Lien shall not extend to or
cover any property or assets other than such item of property or assets and any improvements on
such item extended, renewed, replaced or refinanced and which do not secure Indebtedness in excess
of that extended, renewed, replaced or refinanced;

     (n) involuntary Liens, so long as the Company is working diligently to resolve the
problem and during such time the Lien does not result in a Material Adverse Effect, as certified by
the Company to the Trustee;

     (o) Liens incurred or deposits made in the ordinary course of business in
connection with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other types of social
security;

     (p) Liens on any facilities, equipment or other property of the Company in favor of the
United States of America or any State, or any department, agency, instrumentality or political
subdivision thereof (including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin
Islands), in connection with the issuance of industrial revenue bonds or on any equipment or other
property designed primarily for the purpose of air or water pollution control; provided that any
such Lien on such facilities, equipment or other property shall not apply to any of the Company’s
other assets;

     (q) Liens arising from Indebtedness incurred by the Company for the sole purpose of
funding capital expenditures required in connection with compliance with applicable law;

     (r) Liens under the Bank Credit Facility as in effect on the Issue Date and other such
Liens under the Bank Credit Facility that are not materially more restrictive (in terms of, without
limitation, the amount secured by such Lien and the scope of such Lien) or burdensome to the
holders of Notes than such Liens permitted by the Bank Credit Facility; and

     (s) Liens arising pursuant to any agreement that extends, refinances, renews or replaces
agreements imposing Liens on the Company on the Issue Date, which encumbrances or restrictions are
no less favorable in any material respect to the holders of Notes than those encumbrances or
restrictions that are then in effect pursuant to the agreements that are being extended,
refinanced, renewed or replaced.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 14 -

          “Permitted Subordinated Indebtedness” means Indebtedness of the Company that (a) does
not require any payments other than pursuant to payments permitted by Section 4.14 of this
Indenture, (b) has a market interest rate, (c) is subordinate and junior in right of payment to all
amounts due or that become due on the Notes and (d) is created pursuant to an instrument
enforceable by the holders of the Notes (or the Trustee on their behalf) that contains
subordination provisions effecting, at minimum, the following: (1) that holders of Notes shall be
entitled to receive payment in full in cash of all amounts on such Notes before any holder of
Permitted Subordinated Indebtedness is entitled to receive any payment on account of the
Indebtedness and other obligations under any agreement governing such Permitted Subordinated
Indebtedness (other than as permitted by Section 4.14 of this Indenture), (2) that unless and until
all amounts on the Notes have been paid in cash in full, such holder of Permitted Subordinated
Indebtedness will not (i) ask, demand, sue for, take or receive from the Company, by set-off or in
any other manner, or (ii) seek any other remedy allowed at law or in equity against the Company for
breach of the Company’s obligations under any agreement governing such Permitted Subordinated
Indebtedness, (3) that in the event of any insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings, and any
receivership, liquidation, reorganization or other similar proceedings in connection therewith,
relative to the Company or to its creditors, as such, or to its property, and in the event of any
proceedings for voluntary liquidation, dissolution or other winding up of the Company, whether or
not involving insolvency or bankruptcy, then the holders of the Notes shall be entitled to receive
payment in full of all amounts constituting Notes before the holder of such Permitted Subordinated
Indebtedness is entitled to receive, or make any demand for, any payment on account of the such
Indebtedness, and to that end the holders of Notes shall be entitled to receive for application in
payment thereof any payment or distribution of any kind or character, whether in cash or property
or securities, and (4) that if any payment or distribution of any character, whether in cash,
securities or other property, in respect of such Permitted Subordinated Indebtedness (other than as
permitted by Section 4.14 of this Indenture) shall (despite such subordination provisions) be
received by any such holder of Permitted Subordinated Indebtedness before all Notes shall have been
paid in full in cash, such payment or distribution shall be held in trust for the benefit of, and
shall be paid over or delivered to, the holders of Notes (or their representatives), and to holders
of any other Indebtedness to which such Permitted Subordinated Indebtedness is similarly
subordinated, ratably according to the respective aggregate amounts remaining unpaid thereon, to
the extent necessary to pay all Notes, and all such other Indebtedness, in full.

          “Person” means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint
venture, association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or any other entity.

          “Place of Payment”, when used with respect to the Notes of any series means the office or
agency maintained pursuant to Section 8.11 and such other place or places, if any, where the
principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on the Notes of such series are payable as
specified herein or in any Series Supplemental Indenture setting forth the terms of the Notes of
such series.

          “Pledge Agreements” means each of the Amended and Restated Pledge Agreements
dated as of May 1, 2003 between the Grantor named therein and the Collateral
Agent.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 15 -

          “Predecessor Notes”, with respect to any particular Note, means any previous Note evidencing
all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Note; for the purposes of
this definition, any Note authenticated and delivered under Section 2.9 in lieu of a lost,
destroyed or stolen Note shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen
Note.

          “Projected Cash Flow Coverage Ratio” means, at any time of determination thereof, a
projection of the ratio, on a cash basis, of (a) the Adjusted Cash Flow Available for Fixed Charges
to (b) Fixed Charges, for each fiscal period of the Company for which such ratio is determined,
from the date of determination for which such calculation is required to the date of maturity of
the Notes of such series for which the ratio is determined, prepared by the Company in good faith
based upon assumptions consistent in all material respects with the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’
historical operating results and the Company’s good faith projections of future revenues and
expenses, Indebtedness and future distributions in light of the then existing or reasonably
expected regulatory and market environment in the market in which the Company and its Subsidiaries
operate. For purposes of determining the Projected Cash Flow Coverage Ratio for any period,
variable rate payments on Indebtedness (including under any Derivative Agreement) during such
period will be assumed to accrue at a rate equal to the higher of (i) the rate in effect on the
date of determination of the Projected Cash Flow Coverage Ratio and (ii) the average applicable
rate that was in effect under such Indebtedness during the 12 months preceding such date of
determination or, if the Indebtedness was not outstanding or the Derivative Agreement was not
effective during the 12 months preceding such date of determination, the rate that would have been
in effect during such period as determined on a reasonable basis by the Company. Whenever this
Indenture provides for the determination of a Projected Cash Flow Coverage Ratio for a specified
period, the Projected Cash Flow Coverage Ratio will be set forth in an Officers’ Certificate filed
with the Trustee, accompanied by pro forma financial statements for such period, stating that,
based upon reasonable investigation and review, the Projected Cash Flow Coverage Ratio is based on
the criteria set forth in the preceding sentence, as certified in an Officers’ Certificate of the
Company to the Trustee.

          “Property” means any interest in any kind of property or asset, whether real, personal
or mixed, or tangible or intangible.

          “Purchase Money Indebtedness” of any Person means any obligations of such Person
or any of its subsidiaries to any seller or any other person incurred or assumed in
connection with the purchase of real or personal property to be used in the business of such
person or any of its subsidiaries within 180 days of such purchase.

          “Purchased Intercompany Debt” means subordinated notes issued by American Ref-Fuel
Company of Hempstead, American Ref-Fuel Company of Essex County, American Ref-Fuel Company of
Niagara, L.P. and American Ref-Fuel Company of Southeastern Connecticut, as set forth on
Schedule B to this Indenture.

          “QIB” shall have the meaning given to such term in
Section 2.8 hereof.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 16 -

          “Rating Agencies” means Moody’s and S&P or another nationally recognized
statistical rating organization of similar standing if any of the foregoing corporations are no
longer in the business of rating the securities of the Company.

          “Recourse Debt” means (i) the Company’s Indebtedness for which the Company is directly
obligated, and (ii) the Company’s guarantees of the Indebtedness of any Person.

          “Redemption Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.3.

          “Redemption Price” means, with respect to any Note Outstanding on any Redemption Date,
an amount equal to the principal amount of such Note Outstanding on such date, plus interest
accrued and unpaid to but excluding such Redemption Date.

          “Refinancing Indebtedness” means any refinancing by the Company or any Restricted
Subsidiary of Indebtedness incurred in accordance with Section 4.8 of this Indenture (other than
pursuant to clauses (b), (d) and (f) of Section 4.8) reduced by the amount of any scheduled
amortization payments or mandatory prepayments actually paid or permanent reductions thereon, in
each case that does not (1) result in an increase in the aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness
of such Person as of the date of such proposed refinancing (plus the amount of any premium required
to be paid under the terms of the instrument governing such Indebtedness and plus the amount of
reasonable expenses incurred by the Company in connection with such refinancing) or (2) create
Indebtedness with (A) a Weighted Average Life to Maturity that is less than the Weighted Average
Life to Maturity of the Indebtedness being refinanced or (B) a final maturity earlier than the
final maturity of the Indebtedness being refinanced; provided that (x) if such Indebtedness being
refinanced is Indebtedness solely of the Company, then such Refinancing Indebtedness shall be
Indebtedness solely of the Company, (y) if such Indebtedness being refinanced is subordinate or
junior to the Notes, then such Refinancing Indebtedness shall be subordinate to the Notes at least
to the same extent and in the same manner as the Indebtedness being refinanced and (z) no
Intercompany Loans may be refinanced under this definition of Refinancing Indebtedness.

          “Registered Depositary” means The Depository Trust Company, having a principal office
at 55 Water Street, New York, New York 10041-0099, together with any Person succeeding thereto by
merger, consolidation or acquisition of all or substantially all of its assets, including
substantially all of its securities payment and transfer operations.

          “Regular Record Date”, for any Note of a series for the Scheduled Payment Date of any
installment of principal thereof or payment of interest thereon, means the 15th day
(whether or not a Business Day) next preceding such Scheduled Payment Date, or any other date
specified for such purpose in the form of Note of such series attached to the Series Supplemental
Indenture relating to the Notes of such series.

          “Regulation S” means Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act, as amended and
in effect from time to time and any successor regulation.

          “Related Person” has the meaning set forth in Section
16.1.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 17 -

          “Responsible Officer”, when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer in the
Corporate Trust Office (or any successor group of the Trustee) including any vice president,
assistant vice president, assistant treasurer or any other officer of the Trustee customarily
performing functions similar to those performed by the persons who at the time shall be such
officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his knowledge
and familiarity with the particular subject.

          “Restricted Payments” means (a) distributions by the Company on, or in respect of, its
Equity Interests (in cash, securities, property or obligations) and (b) other payments or
distributions on account of, or the setting apart of money for a sinking or other analogous fund
for, or the purchase, redemption, retirement or other acquisition of, (i) Subordinated Indebtedness
or (ii) any Equity Interest in the Company, or any subsidiary of the Company that is not wholly
owned by the Company, or of any warrants, options or other rights to acquire any such Equity
Interest.

          “Restricted Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary of the Company that is not an
Unrestricted Subsidiary.

          “Revenues” means, with respect to the Company, for any period, the sum of all revenues of the
Company in respect of its operations under any contract or agreement or otherwise.

          “Rule 144A” means Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act, as amended and in effect
from time to time.

          “S&P” means Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group or any successor thereto.

          “Scheduled Payment Date” means, with respect to any Note of a series or any
installment of principal thereof or payment of interest thereon, the date specified in such Note
(or in the Series Supplemental Indenture relating to such series) as the fixed date on which such
Note or such installment of principal or payment of interest is due and payable.

          “SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States.

          “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and in effect from time
to time.

          “Security Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Security Agreement, Pledge and
Assignment, dated as of May 1, 2003 among the Company, as grantor, Citibank, N.A, as exiting
collateral agent and the Collateral Agent.

          “Security Register” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8.

          “Security Registrar” means any Person acting as Security Registrar pursuant to
Sections 2.8 and 8.11.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 18 -

          “Senior Debt” means the Company’s Indebtedness under the Notes or any other Indebtedness
(whether secured or unsecured) that ranks equal with the Notes.

          “Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account” means the account of such name established
and maintained in accordance with Section 6.1.

          “Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Requirement” means, as of any time an amount that
shall equal the greater of (a) 50% of the next twelve months’ interest expense and scheduled
principal repayment or (b) 100% of the next six months’ interest expense and scheduled principal
repayment, on the Notes that have the benefit of the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account.

          “Series Supplemental Indenture” means any indenture supplemental to this Indenture
entered into by the Company and the Trustee which establishes, in accordance with this Indenture,
the title, form and terms of the Notes of one or more series; and “Series Supplemental
Indentures” means each and every Series Supplemental Indenture.

          “Shared Collateral Account” means the account of such name established and maintained
in accordance with Section 6.5.

          “Shared Collateral Account Requirement” means an amount that shall initially on the
Issue Date equal 50% of all amounts payable by the Company as interest expense, commitment fees and
letter of credit fees, mandatory scheduled payments (whether designated as payments or prepayments)
and principal and sinking fund payments in respect of Recourse Debt of the Company (other than
payments on the Notes or under the Bank Credit Facility) during the next succeeding four fiscal
quarters of the Company.

          “Significant Affiliate” means each Subsidiary or other Affiliate of the Company (i) in
which the Company’s direct and indirect equity in the assets of which represents at least 10% of
the consolidated assets of the Company and its subsidiaries or (ii) in which the Company’s direct
and indirect equity in the EBITDA from which exceeds 10% of the EBITDA of the Company and its
consolidated subsidiaries (measured in each case on a pro forma basis for the most recently
completed fiscal year).

          “Special Record Date” for the payment of any defaulted principal or interest
means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.

          “Subordinated Indebtedness” means any of the Company’s Indebtedness that is
subordinated in rights and remedies to Senior Debt.

          “Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (a) any corporation, association or other
business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power entitled (without regard to the
occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof
is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the
other subsidiaries of that Person (or a combination thereof) and (b) any partnership (i) the sole
general partner or the managing general partner of which is such Person or a

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 19 -

subsidiary of such Person or (ii) the only general partners of which are such Person or one or more
subsidiaries of such Person (or any combination thereof).

          “Tax” means, with respect any Person, any tax (whether income, gross receipts, documentary,
sales, stamp, registration, issue, capital, property, excise or otherwise), duty, levy, impost,
fee, charge or withholding directly or indirectly imposed, assessed, levied or collected by or for
the account of any Governmental Authority.

          “Trust Indenture Act” or “TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, as
in force at the date as of which this Indenture was executed (or, with respect to any supplemental
indenture, the date as of which such supplemental indenture was executed).

          “Trustee” means the person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this Indenture and
its successors and assigns, and any corporation resulting from or surviving any consolidation or
merger to which it or its successors and assigns may be a party, or any successor to all or
substantially all of its corporate trust business, provided that any such successor or
assign or surviving corporation shall be eligible for appointment as trustee pursuant to Section
8.7, until a successor Trustee shall have become the Trustee hereunder pursuant to the applicable
provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter means such successor Trustee.

          “Uniform Commercial Code” or “UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from
time to time in the State of New York or any other jurisdiction the laws of which control the
creation or perfection of security interests under the Collateral Documents.

          “United States” means the United States of America.

          “Unrestricted Subsidiary” means (i) any Subsidiary of the Company (other than
Subsidiaries of the Company on the Issue Date) that at the time of determination shall be
designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary by the Company’s Board of Directors but only to the extent
that such Subsidiary:

     (a) has no Indebtedness or other obligations for which the Company has any obligation
to make payment or otherwise support;

     (b) is not party to any agreement, contract, arrangement or understanding with the
Company or any Restricted Subsidiary unless the terms of any such agreement, contract,
arrangement or understanding are no less favorable to the Company or such Restricted
Subsidiary than those that might be obtained at the time from Persons who are not Affiliates
of the Company;

     (c) is a Person with respect to which neither the Company nor any of the Restricted
Subsidiaries has any direct or indirect obligation (a) to subscribe for additional Equity
Interests or (b) to maintain or preserve such Person’s financial condition or to cause such
Person to achieve any specified levels of operating results; and

American Ref-Fuet Company LLC Indenture

 

- 20 -

     (d) has not guaranteed or otherwise directly or indirectly provided credit
support for any Indebtedness of the Company or any of the Company’s Restricted
Subsidiaries;

provided that a Subsidiary shall not fail to constitute an Unrestricted Subsidiary solely because
the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary has (i) agreed to maintain a minimum equity ownership of
such Subsidiary or (ii) agreed to use “good industry practices” with regard to their control of
such Subsidiaries’ activities.

          “Weighted Average Life to Maturity” means, when applied to any Indebtedness at any
date, the number of years obtained by dividing (a) the then outstanding aggregate principal amount
of such Indebtedness into (b) the sum of the total of the products obtained by multiplying (i) the
amount of each then remaining installment, sinking fund, serial maturity or other required payment
of principal, including payment at final maturity, in respect thereof, by (ii) the number of years
(calculated to the nearest one-twelfth) which will elapse between such date and the making of such
payment.

          SECTION 1.3 Compliance Certificates and Opinions. Except as otherwise expressly
provided by this Indenture, upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee that the
Trustee take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the
Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in
this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and, if so requested by the
Trustee, an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions
precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any particular application
or request as to which the furnishing of documents is specifically required by any provision of
this Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or
opinion need be furnished.

          Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant
provided for in this Indenture shall include:

     (a) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such
covenant or condition;

     (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or
investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or
opinion are based;

     (c) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, such examination or
investigation has been made as is necessary to enable such individual to express an informed
opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

     (d) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition
or covenant has been complied with.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 21 -

     With the delivery of this Indenture, the Company is furnishing to the Trustee, and
from time to time thereafter may furnish, an Officers’ Certificate identifying and
certifying the incumbency and specimen signatures of the Authorized Representatives of the
Company. Until the Trustee receives a subsequent Officers’ Certificate, the Trustee shall
be entitled to conclusively rely on the last such Officers’ Certificate delivered to it for
purposes of determining the Authorized Representatives of the Company.

          SECTION 1.4 Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee. In any case where several matters
are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not
necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give
an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and
any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

          Any certificate of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal
matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer
knows or has reason to believe that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to
the matters upon which such officer’s certificate is based are erroneous or otherwise inaccurate.
Any such certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters,
upon a certificate of, or representations by, an Authorized Representative of the Company stating
that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company,
unless such counsel knows that the certificate or representations with respect to such matters are
erroneous.

          Any Opinion of Counsel stated to be based on the opinion of other counsel shall be accompanied
by a copy of such other opinion.

          Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests,
consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture, they may,
but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

          SECTION
1.5 Notices, Etc. to Trustee. Any Act of Holders or other document required or
permitted by this Indenture shall be deemed to have been made or given, as applicable, only if such
notice is in writing and delivered personally, or by registered or certified first-class United
States mail with postage prepaid and return receipt requested, or made, given or furnished in
writing by confirmed telecopy or facsimile transmission, or by prepaid courier service to the
appropriate party as set forth below:

	 	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	Trustee:
	 	Wachovia Bank, National Association
	 

	 	 	 	21 South Street
	 

	 	 	 	Morristown, NJ 07690
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	Attention: Paul O’Brien
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	Telecopier No.: 973-682-4531
	 

	 	 	 	Telephone No.: 973-898-7168

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 22 -

	 	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	With Copies to:
	 	McCarter & English
	 

	 	 	 	300 Park Avenue
	 

	 	 	 	New York, NY 10022
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	Attention: Peter Twombly, Esq.
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	Telecopier No.: 212-609-6921
	 

	 	 	 	Telephone No.: 212-609-6800
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	Company:
	 	American Ref-Fuel Company LLC
	 

	 	 	 	155 Chestnut Ridge Road
	 

	 	 	 	Montvale, NJ 07645
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	Attention: Joanne Pagliuca
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	Telecopier No.: 201-690-4836
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	With Copies to:
	 	LeBoeuf, Lamb, Greene & MacRae, L.L.P.
	 

	 	 	 	125 West 55th Street
	 

	 	 	 	New York, NY 10019
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	Attention: Brian Betancourt, Esq.
	 
	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	Telecopier No.: 212-424-8500

Any party may change its address by giving notice of such change in the manner set forth herein.
Any notice given to a party by mail or by courier shall be deemed delivered upon receipt thereof
(unless the party refuses to accept delivery, in which case the party shall be deemed to have
accepted delivery upon presentation). Any notice given to a party by telecopy or facsimile
transmission shall be deemed effective on the date it is actually sent to the intended recipient by
confirmed telecopy or facsimile transmission to the telecopier number specified above.

          SECTION
1.6 Notices to Holders; Waiver. Where this Indenture provides for notice to
Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly
provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder, at its address as
it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, if any, and not earlier than
the earliest date, if any, prescribed for the giving of such notice. Where this Indenture provides
for notice, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice,
either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers
of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition
precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver. In any case where
notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any
notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect
to other Holders, and any notice that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively
presumed to have been duly given.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 23 -

          SECTION 1.7 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act. If any provision hereof limits,
qualifies or conflicts with another provision hereof which is required to be included in this
Indenture by any of the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, such required provision shall
control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust
Indenture Act that may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed, for
purposes of this Indenture, to be so modified or excluded, as the case may be.

          SECTION 1.8 Effect of Headings and Table of Contents. The Article and Section headings
herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction
hereof.

          SECTION 1.9 Successors and Assigns. All covenants, agreements,
representations and warranties in this Indenture by the Trustee and the Company shall bind and, to
the extent permitted hereby, shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by their respective
successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

          SECTION 1.10 Severability Clause. In case any provision in this Indenture or in the
Notes shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the
remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

          SECTION 1.11 Benefits of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Notes,
expressed or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors
hereunder and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this
Indenture.

          SECTION 1.12 Governing Law. THIS INDENTURE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS MADE AND TO BE
PERFORMED ENTIRELY WITHIN THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW
THEREOF TO THE EXTENT THE APPLICATION OF SUCH PRINCIPLES WOULD CAUSE THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF
ANY OTHER JURISDICTION.

          SECTION 1.13 Legal Holidays. In any case where the Redemption Date or the Scheduled
Payment Date of any Note or of any installment of principal thereof or payment of interest thereon,
or any date on which any defaulted interest is proposed to be paid, shall not be a Business Day,
then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or such Note) payment of interest
and/or principal, and/or premium, if any, need not be made on such date, but may be made on the
next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the Redemption Date or on
the Scheduled Payment Date, or on the date on which the defaulted interest is proposed to be paid,
and, except as provided in any Series Supplemental Indenture setting forth the terms of such Note,
if such payment is timely made, no interest shall accrue for the period from and after such
Redemption Date or Scheduled Payment Date, or date for the payment of defaulted interest, as the
case may be, to the date of such payment.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 24 -

          SECTION 1.14 Execution in Counterparts. This instrument may be executed in any
number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all
such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

ARTICLE
2

 THE NOTES

          SECTION 2.1 Form of Note to Be Established by Series Supplemental Indenture. The Notes
of each series shall be substantially in the form (not inconsistent with this Indenture, including
Section 2.5 hereof) established in the Series Supplemental Indenture relating to the Notes of such
series.

          SECTION 2.2 Form of Trustee’s Authentication. The Trustee’s certificate of
authentication on all Notes shall be in substantially the following form:

          This Note is one of the Notes referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	     as Trustee	 	 
	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	By    	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	     Authorized Signatory	 	 
	 

	 	Dated:	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	 	 	 

          SECTION
2.3 Amount; Issuable in Series. The aggregate principal amount of Notes that
may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited, provided that this
Section 2.3 shall not be deemed to in any way supersede the restrictions set forth in Section 4.8.

          The Notes may be issued in one or more series. There shall be established in one or more
Series Supplemental Indentures, prior to the issuance of Notes of any series:

     (a) the title of the Notes of such series (which shall distinguish the Notes of such
series from all other Notes) and the form or forms of Notes of such series;

     (b) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Notes of such series that may
be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Notes authenticated and
delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Notes
of such series pursuant to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 5.6 or 11.6 and except for Notes that,
pursuant to the last paragraph of Section 2.4 hereof, are deemed never to have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder);

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 25 -

     (c) the date or dates on which the principal of the Notes of such series is payable,
the amounts of principal payable on such date or dates and the Regular Record Date for the
determination of Holders to whom principal is payable; and the date or dates on or as of
which the Notes of such series shall be dated, if other than as provided in Section 2.13(a);

     (d) the rate or rates at which the Notes of such series shall bear interest, or the
method by which such rate or rates shall be determined, the date or dates from which such
interest shall accrue, the interest payment dates on which such interest shall be payable
and the Regular Record Date for the determination of Holders to whom interest is payable;
and the basis of computation of interest, if other than as provided in Section 2.13(b);

     (e) if other than as provided in Section 8.11, the place or places where (i) the
principal of, premium, if any, and interest on Notes of such series shall be payable, (ii) Notes of such series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange
and (iii) notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Notes of such
series and this Indenture may be served;

     (f) the price or prices at which, the period or periods within which and the terms and
conditions upon which Notes of such series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the
option of the Company;

     (g) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, purchase or repay Notes of such
series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or at the option of a Holder
thereof and the price or prices at which and the periods or periods within which and the
terms and conditions upon which Notes of such series shall be redeemed, purchased or repaid,
in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligations;

     (h) if other than in minimum denominations of $100,000 and any integral multiple
of $1,000 in excess thereof, the denominations in which Notes of such series shall be
issuable;

     (i) the restrictions or limitations, if any, on the transfer or exchange of the
Notes of such series including, without limitation, with respect to Notes to be sold outside
of the United States pursuant to Regulation S or any other exemption from registration under
the Securities Act;

     (J) the obligation, if any, of the Company to file a registration statement with
respect to the Notes of such series or to exchange the Notes of such series for Notes
registered pursuant to the Securities Act;

     (k) any trustees, authenticating or paying agents, warrant agents, transfer
agents or registrars with respect to the Notes of such series, if other than as set
forth herein;

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 26 -

     (1) any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applied to any such
Notes of such series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of
such series to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 7.2
hereof, and any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Article IV which
applies to the Holders of such series;

     (m) any other terms of such series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with
the provisions of this Indenture); and

     (n) if applicable, CUSIP Numbers with respect thereto.

          SECTION 2.4 Authentication and Delivery of Notes. Subject to Section 2.3, at any time
and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver
Notes of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a
Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Notes, and the Trustee shall thereupon
authenticate and make available for delivery such Notes in accordance with such Company Order,
without any further action by the Company. No Note shall be secured by or entitled to any benefit
under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Note a
certificate of authentication, in the form provided for herein, executed by the Trustee by the
manual signature of any Authorized Signatory, and such certificate upon any Notes shall be
conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Note has been duly authenticated and
delivered thereunder. In authenticating such Notes and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Notes, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and
(subject to Section 8.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon:

     (a) an executed Series Supplemental Indenture with respect to the Notes of such series;

     (b) an Officers’ Certificate of the Company (i) certifying as to Board Resolutions of
the Company by or pursuant to which the terms of the Notes of such series were established,
(ii) certifying that all conditions precedent under this Indenture to the Trustee’s
authentication and delivery of such Notes have been complied with and
(iii) certifying that the terms of the Notes of such series are not inconsistent with
the terms of this Indenture as then and theretofore supplemented;

     (c) an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the form or forms and the terms of
such Notes have been established by a Series Supplemental Indenture as permitted by Sections
2.1 and 2.3 in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture and (ii) the Notes of such
series, when authenticated and made available for delivery by the Trustee and issued by the
Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel,
will constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the
Company in accordance with their terms, except as enforceability (A) may be limited by
applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws
affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights and remedies generally and (B) is subject to
general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a
proceeding in equity or at law); and

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 27 -

     (d) such other documents and evidence with respect to the Company as the Trustee
may reasonably request.

          Prior to the authentication and delivery of a series of Notes, the Trustee shall also receive
such other funds, accounts, documents, certificates, instruments or opinions as may be required by
the related Series Supplemental Indenture.

          Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Note shall have been authenticated and delivered
hereunder but never issued or sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Note to the
Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 2.12 together with a written statement (which need
not comply with Section 1.2 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) stating that such
Note has never been issued or sold by the Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Note
shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never have been
or be entitled to the benefits hereof.

          SECTION 2.5 Form. The Notes of each series shall be in registered form and may have
such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements printed,
lithographed, engraved, typewritten or photocopied thereon, as may be required to comply with the
rules of any securities exchange upon which the Notes of any such series are to be listed (if any)
or to conform to any usage in respect thereof, or as may, consistently herewith, be prescribed by
the Board of Directors of the Company or by the Authorized Representative executing such Notes,
such determination by said Authorized Representative to be evidenced by its signing the Notes.

          The Notes may be issued in the form of (a) definitive certificated Notes in physical form
(“Certificated Notes”) or (b) one or more Global Notes. Certificated Notes shall be registered in
the name or names of such Persons and for the principal amounts as the Company may request. Notes
issued in the form of a Global Note shall be registered in the name of the Registered Depositary or
its nominee and shall represent the beneficial interests of Persons purchasing the Notes. In the
event any of the Notes are issued in a transaction under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, any such
Person shall purchase such Notes in transactions complying with Rule 144A under the Securities Act.
The Trustee, as custodian (“Custodian”), will act as custodian of each Global Note for the
Registered Depositary or appoint a sub-custodian to act in such capacity. So long as the Registered
Depositary or its nominee is the registered owner of the Global Note, it shall be considered the
Holder of the Notes represented thereby for all purposes hereunder and under the Global Note. None
of the Company, the Trustee or any Paying Agent shall have any responsibility or liability for any
aspect of the records relating to or payments made by the Registered Depositary on account of
beneficial interests in the Global Note. Interests in the Global Note shall be transferred on the
Registered Depositary’s book-entry settlement system.

          SECTION 2.6 Execution of Notes. The Notes shall be executed on behalf of the Company
by one or more of its Authorized Representatives. The signature of any such officer on the Notes
may be manual or facsimile.

          Notes bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of any individual who was, at the time such
signature was affixed, the proper officer of the Company shall bind the Company,

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 28 -

notwithstanding that such individual has ceased to hold such office prior to the authentication and
delivery of such Notes or did not hold such offices at the date of such Notes.

          SECTION 2.7 Temporary Notes. Pending the preparation of definitive Notes of any series
pursuant to Section 2.8, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall
authenticate and make available for delivery, temporary Notes of such series that are printed,
lithographed, typewritten, photocopied or otherwise produced, in any denomination, substantially of
the tenor of the definitive Notes in lieu of which they are issued and with such appropriate
insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the Authorized Representative
executing such Notes may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Notes.

          If temporary Notes of any series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Notes of such
series to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Notes of such
series, the temporary Notes of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Notes of such
series upon surrender of the temporary Notes of such series at the Place of Payment, without charge
to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Notes of any series,
the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in
exchange therefor, definitive Notes of such series of authorized denominations and of like tenor
and aggregate principal amount. Until so exchanged, such temporary Notes of any series shall in all
respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Notes of such series.

          SECTION
2.8 Registration; Restrictions on Transfer and Exchange. (a) The Company shall
cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Security Registrar a register which, subject
to such reasonable regulations as the Company may prescribe, shall provide for the registration of
Notes and for the registration of transfers and exchanges of Notes. This register and, if there
shall be more than one Security Registrar, the combined registers maintained by all such Security
Registrars, are herein sometimes referred to as the “Security Register”. The Trustee is
hereby appointed the initial Security Registrar for the purpose of registering Notes and transfers
and exchanges of Notes as herein provided. Upon any resignation or removal of the Security
Registrar, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor, or in the absence of such appointment,
assume the duties of such Security Registrar.

          If a Person other than the Trustee is appointed by the Company as Security Registrar, the
Company will give the Trustee prompt written notice of the appointment of a Security Registrar and
of the location, and any change in the location of the Security Register, and the Trustee shall
have the right to inspect the Security Register at all reasonable times and to obtain copies
thereof, and the Trustee shall have the right to rely upon such Security Register as to the names
and addresses of the Holders of the Notes and the principal amounts and numbers of such Notes.

          (b) Unless otherwise provided in a Series Supplemental Indenture, any Global Note shall
be exchanged for Certificated Notes, without coupons, and delivered to and registered in the name
of Persons named by the Registered Depositary, rather than to the nominee for the Registered
Depositary, if (i) the Company advises the Trustee in writing that the Registered Depositary is no
longer willing or able to discharge properly its responsibilities as Registered

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 29 -

Depositary with respect to the Notes, or that the Registered Depositary has ceased to be a clearing
agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, and the Company is unable to appoint
a qualified successor within 60 days thereafter (ii) the Company, at its option, elects to
terminate the book-entry system through the Registered Depositary with respect to the Notes and
cause issuance of Certificated Notes or (iii) after the occurrence and continuation of an Event of
Default, beneficial owners holding interests representing an aggregate principal amount of Notes of
more than 50% of the Notes represented by a Global Note advise the Trustee through the Registered
Depositary in writing that the continuation of a book-entry system through the Registered
Depositary with respect to such Notes is no longer in such owners’ best interests.

          Upon the occurrence of any of the events in clauses (i) through (iii) of the preceding
paragraph, the Trustee shall, by forwarding any notice received from the Company to the Registered
Depositary, be deemed to have notified all Persons who hold a beneficial interest in the Global
Note through participants in the Registered Depositary or indirect participants through
participants in the Registered Depositary of the availability of Certificated Notes. Upon surrender
by the Registered Depositary of the Global Note and receipt of
instructions for 
re-registration, the Security Registrar will exchange such Global Note for an equal aggregate principal amount of
Certificated Notes in the name or names of the beneficial owners (or any nominee) thereof and cause
the same to be delivered thereto.

          Neither the Company nor the Trustee will be liable for any delay by the Registered Depositary
or any participant or indirect participant in identifying the beneficial owners of the related
Notes and each such person may conclusively rely on, and will be protected in relying on,
instructions from the Registered Depositary for all purposes (including with respect to the
registration and delivery, and the respective principal amounts, of the Notes to be issued).

          Any Note issued or transferred to an institutional accredited investor which is not a
“qualified institutional buyer” (as defined in
Rule 144A; a “QIB”) will be issued as a Certificated
Note.

          After the expiration of the Distribution Compliance Period pursuant to Regulation S of the
Securities Act applicable to such securities, at the option of the beneficial owner, beneficial
interests in Global Notes of any series may be exchanged in whole or in part for Certificated Notes
of the same series to be registered in the name of such beneficial owner, of authorized
denominations and of like tenor, maturity, interest rate and aggregate principal amount, upon prior
written notice to the Trustee by or on behalf of the Registered Depositary and surrender of the
Notes to be exchanged at any office or agency maintained for such purpose pursuant to Section 8.11.
Whenever any Notes are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and make available for delivery, the Notes which the beneficial owner making the
exchange is entitled to receive. The Company shall execute and deliver to the Trustee, on the Issue
Date and from time to time thereafter, for safekeeping and subsequent authentication, a stock of
definitive registered Certificated Notes of each series in such quantities as the Company, after
consultation with the Trustee, determines to be sufficient to permit the issuance of Certificated
Notes and the exchanges contemplated by this Section.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 30 -

          All Notes issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Notes shall be the valid
obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same security and
benefits under this Indenture and, if any, the Collateral Documents, as the Notes surrendered upon
such registration of transfer or exchange.

          Every Note presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange shall be duly
endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company
and the Security Registrar or any transfer agent, duly executed by the Holder thereof or such
Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing.

          No service charge shall be required of any Holders participating in any transfer or exchange
of Notes in respect of such transfer or exchange, but the Security Registrar may require payment of
a sum sufficient to cover any Tax that may be imposed in connection with any transfer or exchange
of Notes, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.7, 5.6 or 11.6 not involving any transfer.

          The Security Registrar shall not be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of or
exchange any Note of any series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before
the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of Notes of such series selected for redemption
under Section 5.2 and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing or (b) to issue,
register the transfer of or exchange any Note so selected for redemption in whole or in part,
except the unredeemed portion of any Note redeemed in part.

          SECTION
2.9 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Notes. If (a) any mutilated or
defaced Note is surrendered to the Trustee, or the Company and the Security Registrar and the
Trustee receive evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Note, and
(b) there is delivered to the Company, the Security Registrar and the Trustee evidence to their
satisfaction of the ownership and authenticity thereof, and such security or indemnity as may be
required by them to save each of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company, the
Security Registrar or the Trustee that such Note has been acquired by a protected purchaser, the
Company shall execute and upon the Company’s request the Trustee shall authenticate and make
available for delivery, in exchange for or in lieu of any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen
Note, a new Note of the same series and of like tenor, interest rate and principal amount, bearing
a number not then outstanding and registered in the same manner. If, after the delivery of such new
Note, a bona fide purchaser of the original Note in lieu of which such new Note was issued presents
for payment such original Note, the Company and the Trustee shall be entitled to recover such new
Note from the Person to whom it was delivered or any Person taking therefrom, except a bona fide
purchaser, and shall be entitled to recover upon the security or indemnity provided therefor to the
extent of any loss, damage, cost or expenses incurred by the Company or the Trustee in connection
therewith.

          Notwithstanding the foregoing, in case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Note has
become or is imminently due to become due and payable, the Company, upon satisfaction of the
conditions set forth in clauses (a) and (b) of the preceding paragraph may, instead of issuing a
new Note, pay such Note.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 31 -

          Upon the issuance of any new Note under this Section 2.9, the Company may require the payment
of a sum sufficient to cover any Tax that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses
connected therewith.

          Every new Note issued pursuant to this Section 2.9 in lieu of any mutilated, destroyed, lost
or stolen Note shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company,
whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Note shall be at any time enforceable by
anyone, and shall be entitled to all the security and benefits of this Indenture and the other
Collateral Documents equally and proportionately with any and all other Notes duly issued
hereunder.

          The provisions of this Section 2.9 are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all
other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost
or stolen Notes.

          SECTION 2.10 Payment of Principal and Interest; Principal and Interest Rights
Preserved. Principal or interest on any Note that is payable, and punctually paid or duly
provided for, on any Scheduled Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Note (or
one or more Predecessor Notes) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date
for such principal or interest. Payment of principal of and interest on the Notes of any series
shall be made at the Place of Payment, or by check or in another manner or manners if so provided
in the Series Supplemental Indenture relating to such series of Notes, except for the final
installment of principal payable with respect to a Note, which shall be payable as provided in
Section 5.5 (in the case of Notes redeemed) or payable upon presentation and surrender of such Note
at the Place of Payment.

          Any principal of or interest on any Note of any series that is payable, but is not punctually
paid or duly provided for, on any Scheduled Payment Date of an installment of principal or payment
of interest shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date
and such defaulted principal or interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case,
as provided in paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) below:

     (a) The Company may elect to make payment of all or any portion of such defaulted
principal or interest to the Persons in whose names the Notes of such series (or their
respective Predecessor Notes) in respect of which principal or interest is in default are
registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such
defaulted principal or interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company
shall notify the Trustee and the Paying Agent in writing of the amount of defaulted
principal or interest proposed to be paid on each Note of such series and the date of the
proposed payment, and concurrently there shall be deposited with the Trustee an amount of
money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such defaulted
principal or interest or there shall be made arrangements acknowledged by the Trustee for
such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held
in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such defaulted principal or interest as
provided in this paragraph. Thereupon, the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the
payment of such defaulted principal or interest (together with other amounts payable with
respect to such defaulted principal or interest) which shall

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 32 -

not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not
less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment.
The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security Registrar of such Special
Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the
proposed payment of such defaulted principal or interest and the Special Record Date
therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of a Note of such series
at such Holder’s address as it appears in the Security Register, not less than 10 days
prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such defaulted
principal or interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid,
such defaulted principal or interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Notes
of such series (or their respective Predecessor Notes) are registered on such Special
Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following paragraph (b).

     (b) The Company may make, or cause to be made, payment of any defaulted principal
or interest (together with other amounts payable with respect to such defaulted interest) in
any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on
which the Notes in respect of which principal or interest is in default may be listed, and,
upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company
to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this paragraph, such payment shall be
deemed reasonable by the Trustee.

          Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.10, each Note delivered under this
Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Note shall
carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other
Note.

          SECTION 2.11 Persons Deemed Owners. Subject to Section 2.10, prior to due presentment
of a Note for registration of transfer, the Person in whose name any Note is registered shall be
deemed to be the owner of such Note for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of, and
premium, if any, and interest on, such Note and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not
such Note be overdue, regardless of any notice to anyone to the contrary.

          SECTION 2.12 Cancellation. All Notes surrendered for payment, redemption, credit
against any sinking fund payment or registration of transfer or exchange or deemed lost or stolen
shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation and may not be reissued or sold. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee
for cancellation any Notes previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may
have acquired in any manner whatsoever. All Notes so delivered shall be promptly canceled by the
Trustee. No Notes shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Notes canceled as
provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All canceled Notes held
by the Trustee shall be disposed of by the Trustee in accordance with its standard policy.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 33 -

          SECTION
2.13 Dating of Notes; Computation of Interest. (a) Except as otherwise
provided in the Series Supplemental Indenture relating to any series of Notes, each Note of such
series shall be dated the date of its authentication.

          (b) Except as otherwise provided in the Series Supplemental Indenture relating to any
series of Notes, interest on the Notes of such series shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day
year consisting of twelve 30-day months.

          SECTION
2.14 Source of Payments Limited; Rights and Liabilities of the Company. All
payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest to be made in respect of the Notes and this
Indenture shall be made only from the payments from the revenues of the Company, the Collateral and
the income and proceeds received by the Trustee therefrom. Each Holder, by its acceptance of a
Note, agrees that (a) it will look solely to the revenues of the Company, the Collateral and the
income and proceeds received by the Trustee therefrom to the extent available for distribution to
such Holder as herein provided or provided in the Collateral Documents, (b) none of the Members, or
any of their respective past, present or future shareholders, partners, officers or directors or
other related Persons (other than the Company), or the Trustee shall be personally or otherwise
liable to any Holder, nor shall any of the Members, or any of their respective past, present or
future members, partners, officers or directors or other related Persons (other than the Company),
be personally or otherwise liable to the Trustee, for any amounts payable under any Note or for any
liability under this Indenture or any other Financing Document, except as provided therein, and (c)
recourse shall be otherwise limited in accordance with Section 16.1.

          SECTION 2.15 Allocation of Principal and Interest. Except as otherwise provided in
Section 5.6, each payment of principal of and premium, if any, and interest on each Note shall be
applied, first, to the payment of accrued but unpaid interest on such Note (as well as any
interest on overdue principal or, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, overdue interest) to
the date of such payment, second, to the payment of the principal amount of and premium, if
any, on such Note then due (including any overdue installment of principal) thereunder, and
third, the balance, if any, to the payment of the principal amount of such Note remaining
unpaid.

          SECTION 2.16 Parity of Notes. All Notes of a series issued and outstanding hereunder
shall rank on a parity with each other Note of the same series and with all Notes of each other
series. Except as provided in a Series Supplemental Indenture and the Collateral Documents, each
Note of a series shall be secured equally and ratably by this Indenture and the other Collateral
Documents with each other Note of the same series and with all Notes of each other series, without
preference, priority or distinction of any one thereof over any other by reason of difference in
time of issuance or otherwise and each Note of a series shall be entitled to the same benefits and
security in this Indenture and the other Collateral Documents as each other Note of the same series
and with all Notes of each other series.

          SECTION
2.17 CUSIP Numbers. The Company in issuing the Notes may use “CUSIP” numbers
(if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in notices of
redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no
representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Notes or

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 34 -

as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other
identification numbers printed on the Notes, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any
defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any change
in the “CUSIP” numbers.

ARTICLE 3

APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS

FROM SALE OF NOTES

          SECTION 3.1 Application of Proceeds from Sale of Notes. Promptly upon receipt by the
Company of the proceeds from the sale of Notes, the Company shall apply such proceeds as required
by the terms, if any, of the Series Supplemental Indenture pursuant to which they were issued.

ARTICLE 4

COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY

          The Company hereby covenants and agrees that so long as this Indenture is in effect and any
Notes remain Outstanding, except as provided in a Series Supplemental Indenture with respect to
Notes issued thereunder:

          SECTION 4.1 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest. The Company shall duly and
punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on each of the
Notes at the time and place and in the manner provided in the Notes and this Indenture.

          SECTION 4.2 Financial Statements and Other Information. For so long as the Notes are
Outstanding, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:

     (a) within 90 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year, the Company’s audited
consolidated balance sheet and related statements of operations, shareholders’ or members’
equity and cash flows as of the end of and for such year, setting forth in each case in
comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year, all reported on by the Company’s
independent public accountants of recognized national standing to the effect that such
consolidated financial statements present fairly in all material respects the Company’s and
its subsidiaries’ financial condition and results of operations on a consolidated basis in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America,
consistently applied;

     (b) within 60 days after the end of each of the first three quarters of the Company’s
fiscal year, the Company’s unaudited consolidated balance sheet and related statements of
operations, shareholders’ or members’ equity and cash flows, setting forth in

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 35 -

each case in comparative form the figures for (or, in the case of the balance sheet, as of
the end of) the corresponding period or periods of the previous fiscal year, all certified by
an authorized representative of the Company as presenting fairly in all material respects
the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ financial condition and results of operations on a
consolidated basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America, consistently applied, subject to normal year-end audit
adjustments and the absence of footnotes;

     (c) concurrently with any delivery of financial statements under clause (a) or
(b) of this Section 4.2, an officer’s certificate signed by the Company’s principal
executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer (i) certifying
as to whether, to the best knowledge of the signer thereof, a Default or Event of Default
has occurred and, if a Default or Event of Default has occurred, specifying the details
thereof and any action taken or proposed to be taken with respect thereto, and (ii) stating
whether any change in generally accepted accounting principles or in the application
thereof has occurred since the date of the most recent prior audited financial statements
delivered pursuant to clause (a) of this Section 4.2 or delivered to Holders on or prior to
the closing date of the issuance of the Notes, as applicable, and, if any such change has
occurred, specifying the effect of such change on the financial statements accompanying
such certificate;

     (d) promptly after the same become publicly available, copies, if any, of all
periodic and other reports, proxy statements and other materials filed by the Company
with the SEC, or any Governmental Authority succeeding to any or all of the functions of
said commission, or with any national securities exchange, or distributed by the Company
to Members generally, as the case may be;

     (e) promptly after receiving notice of the same, notice of any material
litigation or material governmental or environmental proceedings against the Company;
and

     (f) promptly following any request therefor, such other information regarding
the Company’s operations, business affairs and financial condition, or compliance with
the terms of this Indenture and the other Financing Documents, as the Trustee or Majority
Holders of any series of Notes may reasonably request.

          Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for
informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive
notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein,
including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the
Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers’ Certificates).

          SECTION 4.3 Existence; Conduct of Business, (a) So long as any Notes are
Outstanding, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve, renew
and keep in full force and effect the Company’s existence as a limited liability company
organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof and all things
reasonably necessary to preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect the rights, licenses,

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 36 -

permits, privileges and franchises material to the conduct of the Company’s business as then
conducted; provided that the foregoing will not prohibit any merger, consolidation, liquidation or
dissolution permitted under Section 4.12(a).

          SECTION 4.4 Compliance with Laws and Contractual Obligations. The
Company shall comply and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to comply with all laws, rules,
regulations and orders of any governmental authority (including Environmental Laws and
ERISA matters) and all contractual obligations applicable to the Company or its property, except
where the failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to
have a Material Adverse Effect.

          SECTION 4.5 Maintenance of Properties; Insurance The Company shall and
shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to (a) keep and maintain all property material to the conduct
of its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted; provided,
however, that nothing in this covenant will prevent the Company from disposing of any asset
(subject to compliance with Section 4.10 and 4.12) or from discontinuing the operation or
maintenance of any of such material properties if such discontinuance is, as determined by the
Company, in good faith, desirable in the conduct of the Company’s business and could not
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company; and (b) maintain,
with financially sound and reputable insurance companies, insurance with respect to the
Operating Facilities in such amounts and against such risks as are customarily maintained by
companies engaged in the same or similar businesses operating in the same or similar locations.

          SECTION 4.6 Payment of Taxes and Claims. The Company shall and shall cause
each of its Subsidiaries to pay its obligations, including tax liabilities, before they become
delinquent or in default unless they are then the subject of a Good Faith Contest or except where
nonpayment could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

          SECTION 4.7 Books and Records; Inspection Rights. The Company shall and
shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to keep proper books of record and account in which full, true
and correct entries are made of all dealings and transactions in relation to the Company’s
business and activities. The Company will permit the Trustee or its representative, upon
reasonable prior notice, to visit and inspect the Company’s properties, to examine and make
extracts from the Company’s books and records, and to discuss the Company’s affairs, finances
and condition with the Company’s officers and independent accountants, all at such reasonable
times during normal business hours and as often as reasonably requested.

          SECTION 4.8 Indebtedness. The Company shall not, and shall not permit its
Restricted Subsidiaries to create, incur or assume any Indebtedness other than (without
duplication) (a) the Notes issued on the Issue Date; (b) Indebtedness under the Bank
Credit Facility; provided, that such Indebtedness, consisting on the Issue Date of revolving credit loans
and letters of credit and other similar instruments (with letters of credit deemed to have a
principal amount outstanding equal to the maximum potential liability of the Company and its
Restricted Subsidiaries thereunder), shall not at any time exceed $75,000,000 in aggregate
outstanding principal amount; (c) Indebtedness existing on the Issue Date (other than pursuant to
clauses (a) and (b) of this Section); (d) Purchase Money Indebtedness not exceeding the cost of
the property being financed with such Indebtedness and that does not extend to any property

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 37 -

other than the property being financed; (e) Indebtedness incurred in the ordinary course of
business not exceeding $5,000,000 in the aggregate; (f) Intercompany Loans; (g) Refinancing
Indebtedness; (h) Indebtedness of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries under Derivative
Agreements; (i) additional unsecured Indebtedness of the Company that constitutes Permitted
Subordinated Indebtedness; (j) Indebtedness incurred in connection with any modification of any
of the Operating Facilities required in connection with compliance with applicable laws;
provided that, in the case of this clause (j) at the time such additional Indebtedness is incurred,
the Projected Cash Flow Coverage Ratio for each fiscal year from the time of such modification
until maturity of the Notes of the series for which such ratio is being calculated is equal to or
greater than 1.1 to 1.0; (k) any other Indebtedness; provided, that, in the case of Indebtedness
incurred pursuant to this clause (k), (1) the Projected Cash Flow Coverage Ratio of the Company
for each fiscal year from the time of the incurrence of such Indebtedness until maturity of the
Notes of the series for which such ratio is being calculated is equal to or greater than 2.25 to
1.00, as certified to the Trustee in a certificate of the Independent Engineer, (2) the additional
Indebtedness to be incurred does not and is not expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect,
as certified to the Trustee in an Officers’ Certificate and (3) the Company has delivered to the
Trustee written confirmation from the Rating Agencies that the issuance of such Indebtedness
will not result in a downgrade of the then current ratings on the Notes of any series entitled to
the benefit of the Collateral; and (1) project Indebtedness that is Non-Recourse Debt and that relates
to any new acquisition or development with respect to activities not prohibited by Section
4,12(b) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, the Company or any Restricted
Subsidiary may create, incur or assume any Indebtedness if prior to the time any such
Indebtedness is incurred, the Company has delivered to the Trustee written confirmation from
the Rating Agencies that, taking into account the issuance of such Indebtedness, the ratings on
the Notes would be at least as high as the ratings on the Initial Notes on the Issue Date.

          SECTION
4.9 Liens. The Company shall not create, incur, assume or permit to
exist any Lien of any kind upon any of the Company’s property or assets whether now owned or
hereafter acquired, other than Permitted Liens, unless the Company provides that the Notes will
be secured equally and ratably with, or prior to, such Liens.

          SECTION 4.10 Prohibition on Sale of Assets. The Company shall not and shall
cause each of its Subsidiaries not to sell, lease or otherwise dispose of any assets other than
(a) sales, leases and dispositions in the ordinary course of business; (b) any sales or
dispositions
of surplus, obsolete or worn-out equipment; (c) sales of properties and assets as an entirety as
described under Section 4.12; (d) sales of assets to comply with governmental regulations;
(e) sales of Unrestricted Subsidiaries; (f) sales of assets the Net Cash Proceeds from which are
used to repay Indebtedness as described under Section 5.2; (g) any other sale, lease or other
disposition; provided, in each case, that after giving effect to such sale, lease or disposition,
such
sale, lease or disposition will not result in a Material Adverse Effect; and (h) sales, leases or
other dispositions of assets in connection with which the Rating Agencies have affirmed the
ratings on the Notes (following public announcement of such sale, lease or other disposition and
following such sale, lease or other disposition) to be at least as high as the ratings on the
Initial
Notes on the Issue Date.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 38 -

          SECTION
4.11 Modifications of Certain Documents. Without the prior consent
of the Trustee or the Majority Holders of any series of Notes affected thereby, the Company shall
not agree or consent to any termination, modification, supplement, replacement or waiver of any
Financing Document, unless such termination, modification, supplement, replacement or waiver
could not, individually or collectively with all other such terminations, modifications,
supplements, replacements and waivers, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.

          SECTION
4.12 Prohibition on Fundamental Changes. (a) Mergers,
Consolidations, Disposal of Assets, Etc. The Company shall not merge into or consolidate
with
any other Person, or permit any other Person to merge into or consolidate with the Company, or
sell, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of (in one transaction or in a series of transactions)
all or
substantially all of the Company’s assets (in each case, whether now owned or hereafter
acquired), or liquidate or dissolve, except that the Company may merge with, or transfer all or
substantially all of the Company’s assets to, another Person if: (a) no Default or Event of Default
has occurred or is continuing before or after the transaction; and (b) the Company is the
surviving entity or the surviving entity is a person organized under the laws of the United States
or a state thereof or is allowed to conduct business in the United States and assumes all Indenture
and other relevant Financing Document obligations, and after giving effect to the transaction, no
Default or Event of Default has occurred and no Material Adverse Effect has occurred.

     (b) Lines of Business. The Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries shall not engage
to any material extent in any business other than the business of, or invest in a business not
engaged principally in, the development, ownership or operation of electric power generating
facilities, waste-to-energy facilities, cogeneration facilities, waste handling and disposal and
businesses and operations related thereto (including power and waste marketing).

          SECTION 4.13 Maintenance of Tax Status. The Company shall not voluntarily
take any action to cause the Company to be subject to taxation as a separate entity for federal
income tax purposes.

          SECTION 4.14 Restricted Payments. The Company shall not make, or agree to
pay or make, directly or indirectly, any Restricted Payment, unless, at the time of and after
giving effect to such Restricted Payment (a) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred
and be continuing or would occur as a consequence of such Restricted Payment; (b) the Debt
Service Reserve Account(s) are funded up to the amounts required by this Indenture; (c) the
Cash Flow Coverage Ratio for the preceding rolling four fiscal quarters for which the Company
has financial statements available is equal to or greater than 1.75 to 1.00; (d) the Projected Cash
Flow Coverage Ratio for the succeeding rolling four fiscal quarters of the Company (beginning
with the fiscal quarter in which such Restricted Payment is proposed) is equal to or greater than
1.75 to 1.00 and (e) the Company certifies to the Trustee that a Material Adverse Effect will not
occur as a result of making such Restricted Payment.

          SECTION 4.15 Equity Contribution Agreement. The Company shall cause the
Equity Contribution Agreement to remain in full force and effect; provided that the foregoing
will not prohibit the Equity Contribution Agreement not remaining in full force and effect if the
rating assigned to the Notes by S&P and Moody’s is not downgraded from the rating assigned to

American
Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 39 -

the Initial Notes on the Issue Date by either S&P or Moody’s as a result of (whether solely or in
combination with other events) the Equity Contribution Agreement not being in full force and
effect.

          SECTION 4.16 Rule 144A Information. At any time when the Company is not
subject to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, upon the request of a Holder, the Company
shall promptly furnish to such holder or to a prospective purchaser of a Note designated by such
Holder, as the case may be, the information required to be delivered pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4)
under the Securities Act in order to permit compliance by such Holder with Rule 144A in
connection with the resale of such Note by such holder.

          SECTION 4.17 Additional Collateral. If after the Issue Date, the Company shall
directly or indirectly create, form, acquire, incorporate or otherwise permit to exist any
Subsidiaries that were not in existence on the Issue Date, the Company shall, and shall cause
each of the Restricted Subsidiaries that, directly or indirectly, hold any Equity Interests in any
such Subsidiary to, (a) execute and file, as applicable, any and all further Collateral Documents
and other instruments required under applicable law, as shall be necessary to effectuate a first-
priority Lien, subject only to Permitted Liens, upon all Equity Interests the Company or any of
Restricted Subsidiaries hold in such Subsidiary, for the benefit of the holders of Notes, unless
such Lien cannot be effectuated under applicable law and (b) deliver an opinion of counsel
reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee that such Collateral Documents are valid, binding and
enforceable obligations; provided, that this covenant shall not apply to (i) any Equity Interests
in
any Subsidiary with Excess Cash Flow of less than $2,000,000 in each of its fiscal years, (ii) that
portion of such Equity Interests that are subject to a Lien at the time of any creation,
acquisition,
or incorporation of any Subsidiary and which Liens were not created in contemplation of a
Person becoming a Subsidiary of the Company or (iii) any Equity Interests that secure Non-Recourse Debt.

ARTICLE 5

REDEMPTION OF NOTES

          SECTION 5.1 Optional Redemption; Redemption Price. The Company at its
option, may, at any time, redeem the Notes of any series, in whole or in part at the Redemption
Price plus any premium set forth in the related Series Supplemental Indenture. Redemption of
Notes of any series shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Notes and, to the extent
that this Article does not conflict with such terms, the succeeding sections of this Article.

          SECTION
5.2 Mandatory Redemption; Selection of Notes to Be Redeemed;
Redemption Price.

          (a) Unless otherwise provided in a Series Supplemental Indenture,
Outstanding Notes shall be redeemed in whole or in part in accordance with this Section 5.2(a),
prior to maturity, at the Redemption Price if the Company or any of its Subsidiaries receive Net
Cash Proceeds from (a) the sale of assets held directly or indirectly by the Company or its

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 40 -

Restricted Subsidiaries, other than in the ordinary course of business or (b) any (i)
condemnation
or casualty loss or damage or other governmental taking of any of the Company’s assets or those
of the Restricted Subsidiaries, or (ii) restructuring of power, steam sales, waste processing or
disposal service, or other material contracts, in either case of (a) or (b) above in any
transaction
or series of related transactions in excess of $5,000,000 unless either: (1) all of the Net Cash
Proceeds the Company received by virtue of (a) and (b) above are reinvested or segregated for
reinvestment in the same or a related line of the Company’s business within 270 days of receipt
of such Net Cash Proceeds or (2) the Company certifies to the Trustee in an Officers’ Certificate
that such sale of assets and/or extraordinary events referred to in (a) and/or (b) above, as the
case
may be, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect at the time of such
sale or event and following the application of the proceeds thereof.

          Any such redemption will be on a pro rata basis between the Notes required to be
redeemed and amounts required to be paid under the Bank Credit Facility due to such sale or
event and, with respect to the Notes to be redeemed, shall be paid on a pro rata basis.

          (b) Upon any redemption of the Notes in accordance with this Section 5.2, the
scheduled principal amortization of the Notes of a series shall be reduced by an amount equal to
the product of (x) the scheduled principal amortization of the Notes of such series then in effect
multiplied by (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is equal to the principal amount of the
Outstanding Notes of such series to be redeemed and the denominator of which is the principal
amount of the Outstanding Notes of such series immediately prior to such redemption.

          (c) Except as otherwise specified in the Series Supplemental Indenture
relating to the Notes of a series, if less than all the Notes of such series are to be redeemed
pursuant to Section 5.2(a), the Notes of such series shall be redeemed ratably by the Trustee from
the Outstanding Notes of such series not previously called for redemption in whole.

          (d) For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires,
all provisions relating to the redemption of Notes shall relate, in the case of any Notes redeemed
or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Notes that has been
or is to be redeemed.

          SECTION 5.3 Election or Requirement to Redeem: Notice to Trustee. The
requirement or election of the Company to redeem any Notes shall be evidenced by a Company
Order. If the Company has elected or is required to redeem any Notes, the Company shall, at
least 30 days but not more than 60 days prior to the date upon which notice of redemption
is required to be given to the Holders pursuant to Section 5.4 hereof (unless a shorter period shall
be satisfactory to the Trustee), deliver to the Trustee a Company Order specifying the date on
which such redemption shall occur (the “Redemption Date”) as determined in accordance with
this Article 5, the series and principal amount of Notes to be redeemed and evidence that the
moneys necessary for such redemption will be delivered to the Trustee not later than the
Business Day prior to the Redemption Date. Upon receipt of any such Company Order with
respect to a mandatory redemption, the Trustee shall establish a non-interest bearing special
purpose trust account (the “Mandatory Redemption Account”) into which shall be deposited by
the Company not later than one Business Day prior to the Redemption Date, immediately
available amounts to be held by the Trustee and applied to the redemption of such Notes. As

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 41 -

collateral security for the prompt and complete payment and performance when due of all its
obligations with respect to the Notes and under this Indenture, the Company has pledged,
assigned, hypothecated and transferred to the Trustee for the benefit of the Holders a Lien on and
security interest in and to the Mandatory Redemption Account. The Mandatory Redemption
Account shall at all times be in the exclusive possession of, and under the exclusive dominion
and control of, the Trustee. In the case of any optional redemption of Notes prior to the
expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Notes, the Series
Supplemental Indenture relating thereto or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall
furnish the Trustee with an Officers’ Certificate and Opinion of Counsel evidencing compliance
with such, restriction.

          SECTION 5.4 Notice of Redemption. Except as otherwise specified in the Series
Supplemental Indenture relating to the Notes of a series to be redeemed, notice of redemption
shall be given to the Holders of Notes of such series to be redeemed at least 30 days (unless a
shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) but not more than 60 days prior to the
Redemption Date. All notices of redemption shall state:

     (a) the Redemption Price;

     (b) the Redemption Date;

     (c) if less than all of the Outstanding Notes of any series are to be redeemed,
the portion of the principal amount of each Note of such series to be redeemed in part,
and a statement that, on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Note, a
new Note or Notes of such series in principal amount equal to the remaining unpaid
principal amount thereof will be issued;

     (d) that on the Redemption Date, interest thereon will cease to accrue on and
after said date;

     (e) the Place or Places of Payment where such Notes are to be surrendered for
payment of the Redemption Price; and

     (f) that the deposit by the Company with the Trustee of an amount of
immediately available funds to pay the Notes to be redeemed in full is a condition
precedent to the redemption.

          Notice of redemption of Notes to be redeemed shall be given by the Company or,
at the Company’s request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.

          SECTION 5.5 Notes Payable on Redemption Date. Notice of redemption having
been given as aforesaid, and the conditions, if any, set forth in such notice having been
satisfied,
the Notes or portions thereof so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date become due and
payable, and from and after such date such Notes or portions thereof shall cease to bear interest.
Upon surrender of any such Note for redemption in accordance with such notice, an amount in
respect of such Note or portion thereof shall be paid as provided therein; provided,
however, that
any payment of interest on any Note the Scheduled Payment Date of which is on or prior to the

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 42 -

Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holder of such Note or one or more Predecessor
Notes,
registered as such at the close of business on the related Regular Record Date according to the
terms of such Note and subject to the provisions of Section 2.10.

          SECTION 5.6 Notes Redeemed in Part. Any Note that is to be redeemed only in
part shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so
requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or its attorney duly authorized in
writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available
for delivery to the Holder of such Note without service charge, a new Note or Notes of the same
series, of any authorized denomination requested by such Holder and of like tenor and in
aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the remaining unpaid principal amount
of the Note so surrendered.

ARTICLE 6

DEBT SERVICE RESERVE ACCOUNTS

SECTION
6.1 Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account.

          (a) Establishment of the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account. The
Company hereby establishes with the Trustee at the Trustee’s Corporate Trust Office a special,
segregated and irrevocable collateral account (the “Senior
Notes Debt Service Reserve Account”). The Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account shall be maintained at all times
until none of the Notes created by this Indenture, the First Supplemental Indenture and any other
Series Supplemental Indenture (unless each Series Supplemental Indenture in respect of Notes
that remain Outstanding provides that Notes of a series under such Series Supplemental
Indentures shall not be entitled to share in the Collateral constituting the Senior Notes Debt
Service Reserve Account) remain Outstanding. All amounts from time to time held in the Senior
Notes Debt Service Reserve Account shall be held in the name of the Trustee for the benefit of
the Holders entitled to such Collateral. Except as expressly provided in this Indenture, the
Company shall not have any right to withdraw funds from the Senior Notes Debt Service
Reserve Account. All amounts on deposit in the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account
shall constitute a part of the Collateral and shall not constitute payment of any Notes until
applied for such payment as provided in this Indenture. The Company hereby irrevocably
authorizes the Trustee to withdraw funds from the Debt Service Reserve Account in accordance
with this Section 6.1.

          (b) Deposits in Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account.

     (i) On the Issue Date and within 30 days following the end of each fiscal
quarter following the Issue Date, the Company shall deposit in the Senior Notes Debt
Service Reserve Account (A) cash; (B) Cash Equivalents; (C) one or more Debt Service
Reserve Letters of Credit or (D) any combination thereof in an amount equal to the

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 43 -

amount necessary to satisfy the then applicable Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve
Requirement.

     (ii) The amount on deposit in the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account,
shall, at any time be deemed to be equal to the aggregate amount of cash on deposit
therein at such time, plus the aggregate fair market value of all Permitted Investments on
deposit therein at such time, plus the amount available to be drawn or demanded under all
Debt Service Reserve Letters of Credit held by the Trustee at such time.

     (c)
Draws on the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account.

     (i) If on any Scheduled Payment Date, the Paying Agent shall have received
from or on behalf of the Company funds that are insufficient to pay in full the total
amount of principal, premium, if any and interest then due on the Notes entitled to the
benefit of the Lien on the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account, then (upon notice
thereof by the Paying Agent to the Trustee specifying the amount of such insufficiency)
the Trustee shall transfer, using the cash and Permitted Investments on deposit in the
Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account, to the accounts of the Holders of such Notes
an amount equal to such insufficiency or, if less, the portion of such insufficiency that
can be covered by withdrawals from the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account.

     (ii) If on any date on or prior to the maturity date of the Notes of any series on
which the Trustee is or would be required to make transfers from the Senior Notes Debt
Service Reserve Account pursuant to the foregoing clause (i) the cash and Permitted
Investments on deposit in or credited to the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account
are insufficient to make such transfers in full, the Trustee shall draw on or demand
payment under any Debt Service Reserve Letter of Credit then in its possession and
selected by the Trustee in an amount equal, when added to all amounts paid under each
other Debt Service Reserve Letter of Credit on such date, to such insufficiency (or such
lesser amount as may then be available to be drawn or demanded under all such Debt
Service Reserve Letters of Credit) and shall transfer the amount so drawn or paid under
such Debt Service Reserve Letters of Credit to the Holders of the Notes entitled to the
benefit of the Lien on the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account.

     (iii) Unless the Trustee shall have been notified that an Event of Default shall
have occurred and is continuing or could result therefrom, if on the last Business Day of
any fiscal quarter of the Company (x) the aggregate amount of cash on deposit in the
Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account plus the aggregate amount then available to
be drawn under all Debt Service Reserve Letters of Credit theretofore delivered to the
Trustee exceeds (y) the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Requirement at such time,
then not more than two Business Days following receipt of the written request of the
Company delivered to the Trustee, the Trustee shall (1) transfer from the Senior Notes
Debt Service Reserve Account to the Company cash in an amount equal to such excess or
(2) reduce the amount available to be drawn on or demanded under such Debt Service
Reserve Letters of Credit in an amount equal to such excess (or shall surrender Debt
Service Reserve Letters of Credit in exchange for replacement Debt Service Reserve
Letters of Credit so that the amount described in clause (x) of this subclause (iii) above is

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 44 -

equal to the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Requirement, if duly tendered by the
Company) or (3) any combination of the foregoing actions described in clauses (1) and
(2) of this subclause (iii).

     (iv) Upon any release of any funds from the Senior Notes Debt Service
Reserve Account (other than pursuant to subclauses (i), (ii) and
(iii) of this clause (c)),
the Company shall promptly pay such funds back into the Senior Notes Debt Service
Reserve Account.

     (d)
Debt Service Reserve Support Instruments.

     (i) Thirty days prior to the expiration of any Debt Service Reserve Letter of
Credit furnished to the Trustee in accordance with the requirements of Section 6.1 (a), (b)
and (c) (or if such day is not a Business Day, the immediately preceding Business Day),
if such Debt Service Reserve Letter of Credit has not been renewed, extended or replaced
by another letter of credit from an Acceptable Bank in the required amount or replaced by
cash deposited in the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account in the required amount,
the Trustee shall draw on such Debt Service Reserve Letter of Credit in an amount equal
to the maximum amount available to be drawn under the expiring Debt Service Reserve
Letter of Credit (less any excess of the aggregate cash in the Senior Notes Debt Service
Reserve Account over the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Requirement). The
Trustee shall deposit the moneys received from the issuer of such Debt Service Reserve
Letter of Credit in payment of such draw in the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve
Account.

     (ii) In the event that at any time the issuing financial institution in respect of
any Debt Service Reserve Letter of Credit furnished to the Trustee in accordance with the
requirements of Section 6.1 (a), (b) and (c) fails to qualify as an Acceptable Bank, the
Company shall cause all Debt Service Reserve Letters of Credit issued by such issuing
bank to be replaced with a Debt Service Reserve Letter of Credit from an Acceptable
Bank cash or cash equivalents deposited in the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve
Account in an amount at least equal to the available amount of the Debt Service Reserve
Letters of Credit being replaced. If any such Debt Service Reserve Letter of Credit is not
so replaced within the earlier of (x) 30 days following notice by the Trustee to the
Company of the failure of such issuing financial institution to qualify as an Acceptable
Bank, (y) the date that such Debt Service Reserve Letter of Credit is required to be drawn
by the Trustee pursuant to the preceding paragraphs and (z) 30 days following the end of
any fiscal quarter of the Company, then in each case, the Trustee shall draw either the
maximum amount under such ineligible Debt Service Reserve Letter of Credit or the
amount that is necessary to make up the full Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve
Requirement, whichever is less. The Trustee will then deposit those amounts in the
Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 45 -

          SECTION 6.2 Securities Account; Securities Intermediary.

          (a)
Acceptance of Appointment of Securities Intermediary for the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account. Wachovia Bank, National Association hereby agrees to act as
securities intermediary as that term is defined in Section 8-l02(a)(14) of the New York UCC (in
such capacity, the “Securities Intermediary”) under this Indenture in respect of the Senior
Notes
Debt Service Reserve Account.

          (b) Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account. The Securities Intermediary
hereby agrees and confirms that (i) the Securities Intermediary has established the Senior Notes
Debt Service Reserve Account, (ii) the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account is and will
be maintained as a “securities account” (within the meaning of Section 8-501 of the New York
UCC), (iii) the Trustee is the “entitlement holder” (within the meaning of Section 8-102(a)(7) of
the New York UCC) in respect of the “financial assets” (within the meaning of Section 8-102(a)(9) of the New York UCC) credited to the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account,
(iv) all property delivered to the Securities Intermediary for deposit to the Senior Notes Debt
Service Reserve Account will be held by the Securities Intermediary and promptly credited to the
Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account by an appropriate entry in its records in accordance
with this Indenture, (v) all “financial assets” (within the meaning of Section 8-102(a)(9) of the
New York UCC) in registered form or payable to or to the order and credited to the Senior Notes
Debt Service Reserve Account shall be registered in the name of, payable to or to the order of, or
indorsed to, the Securities Intermediary or in blank, or credited to another securities account
maintained in the name of the Securities Intermediary, and in no case will any financial asset
credited to the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account be registered in the name of, payable
to or to the order of, or indorsed to, the Company except to the extent the foregoing have been
subsequently indorsed by the Company to the Securities Intermediary or in blank, and (vi) the
Securities Intermediary shall not change the name or account number of the Senior Notes Debt
Service Reserve Account without the prior written consent of the Trustee.

          (c) Financial Assets Election. The Securities Intermediary agrees that each
item of property (including any cash, security, instrument or obligation, share, participation,
interest or other property whatsoever) credited to the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve
Account shall be treated as a “financial asset” within the meaning of Section 8-102(a)(9) of the
New York UCC.

          (d) Entitlement Orders. No Other Control Agreement, No Other Liens. The
Company agrees that the Securities Intermediary may, and the Securities Intermediary agrees
that it shall, comply with any orders if originated by the Trustee without further consent by the
Company or any other Person. In the event that the Securities Intermediary receives conflicting
entitlement orders from the Trustee and the Company or any other Person, the Securities
Intermediary shall comply with the entitlement orders originated by the Trustee. The Securities
Intermediary shall not execute and deliver, or otherwise become bound by, any agreement under
which the Securities Intermediary agrees with any Person other than the Trustee to comply with
entitlement orders originated by such Person relating to the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve
Account or the security entitlements with respect thereto that are the subject of this Indenture or
any Series Supplemental Indenture. The Securities Intermediary shall not grant any Lien in any

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 46 -

financial asset that is the subject of any security entitlement to the Senior Notes Debt
Service
Reserve Account that is the subject of this Indenture or any Series Supplemental Indenture.

          (e) Subordination of Lien; Waiver of Setoff. In the event that the Securities
Intermediary has or subsequently obtains by indenture, operation of law or otherwise a Lien or
security interest in the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account or
any security entitlement
credited thereto, the Securities Intermediary agrees that such lien or security interest shall be
subordinate to the lien and security interest of the Trustee. The financial assets standing to the
credit of the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account will not be subject to deduction, setoff,
banker’s lien, or any other right in favor of any Person other than the Trustee (except that the
face
amount of any checks that have been credited to the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account
but are subsequently returned unpaid because of uncollected or insufficient funds may be
deducted from the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account).

          (f) No Other Agreements. None of the Securities Intermediary or the Trustee
or the Company has entered into any agreement with respect to the Senior Notes Debt Service
Reserve Account or any financial assets credited to the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve
Account other than this Indenture and the other Financing Documents. The Securities
Intermediary has not entered into any agreement with the Company or any other Person
purporting to limit or condition the obligation of the Securities Intermediary to comply with
entitlement orders originated by the Trustee in accordance with Section 6.2(d). In the event of
any conflict as to such obligation between this Indenture and any other Financing Document or
any other agreement now existing or hereafter entered into, the terms of this Indenture shall
prevail.

          (g) Notice of Adverse Claims. Except for the claims and interest of the
Trustee and the Company to and in the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account, the
Securities Intermediary does not know of any claim to, or interest in, the Senior Notes Debt
Service Reserve Account or in any financial asset credited thereto. If any Person asserts any
lien, encumbrance or adverse claim (including any writ, garnishment, judgment,
warrant of attachment, execution or similar process) against the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve
Account or in any financial asset credited thereto, the Securities Intermediary will promptly
notify the Trustee and the Company.

          (h) Rights and Powers of the Trustee. The rights and powers granted by the
Securities Intermediary to the Trustee have been granted in order to perfect its lien and security
interests in the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account, are powers coupled with an interest
and will be affected by neither the bankruptcy of the Company nor the lapse of time.

          (i) Choice of Law. Each Series Supplemental Indenture and the Senior Notes
Debt Service Reserve Account (including all security entitlements relating thereto) shall be
governed by the law of the State of New York. Regardless of any provision in any Series
Supplemental Indenture, for purposes of the UCC, the “securities intermediary’s jurisdiction” of
the Securities Intermediary with respect to the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account is the
State of New York.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 47 -

          SECTION 6.3 Security Interest. As collateral security for the prompt and
complete payment and performance when due of the Notes, the Company hereby pledges,
assigns, hypothecates and transfers to the Trustee for the benefit of the Trustee and the Holders
(except to the extent that a Series Supplemental Indenture provides that Holders of Notes of a
series under such Series Supplemental Indenture shall not be entitled to share in the Collateral
constituting the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account), and hereby grants to the Trustee
for the benefit of the Trustee and the Holders (except with respect to Holders under a Series
Supplemental Indenture to the extent that a Series Supplemental Indenture provides that Holders
of Notes of a series under such Series Supplemental Indenture shall not be entitled to share in the
Collateral constituting the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account), a lien on and security
interest in and to (i) the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account and (ii) all property credited
thereto, including, but not limited to, cash, investments, securities and security entitlements at
any time on deposit in or credited to the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account, including
all income or gain earned thereon and all security entitlements with respect to any of the
foregoing. The Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account shall at all times be in the exclusive
possession of and under the exclusive domain and control of the Trustee.

          SECTION 6.4 Investment of Funds. Monies held in the Senior Notes Debt
Service Reserve Account created pursuant to this Indenture shall be invested and reinvested in
Permitted Investments at the written direction of an Authorized Representative of the Company
to the Trustee; provided, however, that the Trustee shall not cause investment of such
monies at
any time when the maturity of any of the Notes has been accelerated
and provided, further,
that
at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Trustee
may, but is not obligated to, (and, if instructed in writing by the Majority Holders of all Notes
of
all series as to which the Event of Default applies, shall) in its (or their) discretion at any
time
and from time to time elect to liquidate any such Permitted Investments (in an amount necessary
to cure such Event of Default) and apply or cause to be applied the proceeds
thereof to the
payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Notes. Such investments shall
mature in such amounts and have maturity dates or be subject to redemption at the option of the
holder thereof on or prior to maturity as needed for the purposes of such funds. Any profit
realized from investments of the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account shall be deposited
in the Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account and any loss shall be charged to the Senior
Notes Debt Service Reserve Account. In no event shall the Trustee or the Securities
Intermediary be liable for the selection of Permitted Investments or for investment losses
incurred thereon. Neither the Trustee nor the Securities Intermediary shall have liability in
respect of losses incurred as a result of the liquidation of any Permitted Investment prior to its
stated maturity or the failure of the Company to provide timely written investment direction,
except to the extent such losses were due to gross negligence or bad faith on the part of the
Trustee or the Securities Intermediary. Neither the Trustee nor the Securities Intermediary shall
have any obligation to invest or reinvest any amounts held hereunder in the absence of a written
investment direction of an Authorized Representative of the Company.

          SECTION 6.5 Shared Collateral Account.

          (a)
Establishment of the Shared Collateral Account in the Security Agreement. On or before the Issue Date, the Company shall have established, in addition to
the

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 48 -

Senior Notes Debt Service Reserve Account, a second special and segregated collateral account
pursuant to the terms of the Security Agreement (the “Shared
Collateral Account”). The Shared
Collateral Account shall be maintained at all times until none of the Notes created by this
Indenture, the First Supplemental Indenture and any other Series Supplemental Indenture (unless
each Series Supplemental Indenture in respect of Notes that remain Outstanding provides that
Notes of a series under such Series Supplemental Indenture shall not be entitled to share in the
Collateral constituting the Shared Collateral Account) remain Outstanding, unless the Company
elects to terminate such account pursuant to Section 6.5(d) below. All amounts from time to
time held in the Shared Collateral Account shall be held in the name of the Collateral Agent for
the benefit of the Holders entitled to such Collateral and such other Persons as provided in the
Collateral Documents. Except as expressly provided in this Indenture and in the Collateral
Documents, the Company shall not have any right to withdraw funds from the Shared Collateral
Account. All amounts on deposit in the Shared Collateral Account shall constitute a part of the
Collateral and shall not constitute payment of any Notes until applied for such payment as
provided in this Indenture and the Collateral Documents. Subject to Section 6.5(d) hereof, the
Company hereby irrevocably authorizes the Trustee to withdraw funds from the Shared
Collateral Account in accordance with this Indenture and the Collateral Documents.

          (b) Deposits in Shared Collateral Account. On the Issue Date the Company
shall deposit in the Shared Collateral Account an amount equal to the amount necessary to
satisfy the Shared Collateral Account Requirement. Thereafter, subject to section 6.5(d) below,
the Company shall fund the Shared Collateral Account at such times, in such amounts and in the
manner set forth in the Security Agreement and the other Collateral Documents.

          (c) Draws on the Shared Collateral Account. The Collateral Agent is hereby
authorized to transfer amounts on deposit in the Shared Collateral Account in accordance with
the provisions of the Security Agreement and the other Collateral Documents.

          (d)
Termination of Shared Collateral Account. In the event that there are no
commitments outstanding under the Bank Credit Facility the Company will no
longer be
required to maintain the Shared Collateral Account and, if the Company elects not to maintain
such account by delivering an Officers’ Certificate to the Trustee stating that there are no
commitments outstanding under the Bank Credit Facility and that the Company has elected not
to maintain the Shared Collateral Account, the Shared Collateral Account shall be immediately
released to the Company (including all amounts therein) and shall no longer form part of the
Collateral or be subject to the Lien of the Notes secured thereby; provided, that the release of
such Lien and release of the Shared Collateral Account shall not become effective if any
commitments remain outstanding under the Bank Credit Facility prior to the payment in full of
all the Notes that have the benefit of the Shared Collateral Account.

ARTICLE 7

EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 49 -

     SECTION 7.1 Events of Default. Except as otherwise provided in a Series
Supplemental Indenture with respect to a series of Notes issued thereunder, the term “Event of
Default” shall mean any of the following events (whatever the reason for such event and whether
it shall be voluntary or involuntary or come about or be affected by operation of law, or be
pursuant to or in compliance with any applicable Law), and any such event shall continue to be
an Event of Default if and for so long as it shall not have been remedied:

     (1) default in the payment of principal of or premium, if any, on any Notes,
when the same becomes due and payable at maturity, upon acceleration, redemption or
otherwise;

     (2) default in the payment of interest on any Notes, as and when the same
becomes due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 30 days or more;

     (3) default in the performance or observance in any material respect of any
other term, covenant, or obligation of the Company under this Indenture or any other
Financing Document, not otherwise expressly defined as an Event of Default, and the
continuance of such default for more than 60 days (which period may be extended for an
additional 30 days so long as the Company is continuing during such period diligently to
pursue a cure for such default) after the earliest to occur of (a) actual knowledge of an
executive officer of the Company of such default, (b) the time at which an executive
officer of the Company should reasonably have had knowledge of such default or
(c) notice from the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% of the Notes or any series
of such default;

     (4) default or defaults under one or more agreements, instruments, mortgages,
notes, debentures or other evidences of Indebtedness under which the Company or any of
its Significant Affiliates then have outstanding Indebtedness in excess of $5,000,000,
individually or in the aggregate, and such default or defaults have resulted (a) from a
failure to pay such amounts at maturity or (b) in the acceleration of the maturity of such
Indebtedness and such acceleration has not been annulled or rescinded;

     (5) an involuntary proceeding is commenced or an involuntary petition is filed
seeking (a) liquidation, reorganization or other relief in respect of the Company or its
Significant Affiliates or the Company’s or its Significant Affiliates’ debts, or of a
substantial part of the Company’s or its Significant Affiliates’ assets, under any federal,
state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar law now or hereafter in
effect or (b) the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, sequestrator, conservator or
similar official for the Company or any of its Significant Affiliates or for a substantial
part of the Company’s or its Significant Affiliates’ assets, and, in any such case, such
proceeding or petition continues undismissed for a period of 90 or more days or an order
or decree approving or ordering any of the foregoing is entered;

     (6) the Company or any Significant Affiliate (a) voluntarily commences any
proceeding or file any petition seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief under
any federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar law now or
hereafter in effect, (b) consents to the institution of, or fails to contest in a timely and

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 50 -

appropriate manner, any proceeding or petition described in clause (5) above, (c) applies
for or consents to the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, sequestrator,
conservator or similar official for itself or for a substantial part of the Company’s or its
Significant Affiliates’ assets, (d) files an answer admitting the material allegations of a
petition filed against the Company or any Significant Affiliate in any such proceeding,
(e) makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors or (f) takes any action for the
purpose of effecting any of the foregoing;

     (7) the Company shall become unable, admits in writing its inability or fails
generally to pay its debts as they become due;

     (8) one or more judgments, decrees or orders for the payment of money in an
aggregate amount in excess of $5,000,000 is rendered against the Company or any of its
Significant Affiliates and the same remains undischarged or unpaid for a period of 60
consecutive days during which execution is not effectively stayed, unless the Company or
a Significant Affiliate of the Company is contesting such judgments, decrees or orders in
good faith by appropriate proceedings;

     (9) the Company is merged, consolidated, sold, terminated, dissolved or
liquidated (as a matter of law or otherwise), except in a transaction permitted by
Section 4.12;

     (10) the Liens created by the Collateral Documents do not at any time
constitute valid and perfected Liens on the collateral intended to be covered thereby (to
the extent perfection by filing, registration, recordation or possession is possible and is
required in this Indenture or in the Collateral Documents) in favor of the Trustee, free and
clear of all Liens other than Permitted Liens, or, except for expiration in accordance with
its terms, any of the Collateral Documents for whatever reason are terminated or cease to
be in full force and effect, or the enforceability thereof is contested by the Company or
any of the Company’s members;

     (11) either (a) any Financing Document is declared in a final non-appealable
judgment to be unenforceable against the Company or the Company shall have expressly
repudiated its obligations thereunder and such default has continued unremedied for a
period of five days or more; or (b) the Company shall be in breach of Section 4.15;

     (12) any representation, warranty, certification or statement made by the
Company in any Financing Document or in any certificate, financial statement or other
document delivered to the Trustee pursuant to any Financing Document proves to have
been incorrect in any material respect when made (or deemed made) and such
misrepresentation continues to remain incorrect for 60 days after the earlier of (a) the
Company’s actual knowledge of such incorrectness and (b) the giving of written notice of
such incorrectness to the Company by the Trustee or any holder of Notes;

     (13) any enforcement action is taken against the Collateral by any Person
pursuant to the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 51 -

          SECTION 7.2 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. If an Event
of Default described in paragraph (1) or (2) of Section 7.1 occurs and is continuing with respect
to Notes of any series, then and in each and every such case, unless the principal of all the Notes
of such series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of
not less than
331/3% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes of such series then Outstanding
hereunder, or, in the event of any Event of Default described in paragraph (3), (4), (8), (9),
(10),
(11), (12) or (13) of Section 7.1, the Majority Holders of Notes of such series then outstanding
hereunder, by notice in a writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), may
declare the principal amount of all the Notes of such series then Outstanding and all accrued
interest thereon to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall
become and shall be immediately due and payable, notwithstanding anything to the contrary
contained in this Indenture or in the Notes, and the Trustee may proceed to enforce all remedies
available to the Trustee under this Indenture, the Notes of such series and the Collateral
Documents (subject to the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement) and the other
documents to which the Trustee is a party or as are available under applicable law. If an Event
of Default described in paragraph (5), (6) or (7) of Section 7.1 occurs and is continuing, then and
in each and every such case, the principal amount of the Notes then Outstanding and all accrued
interest thereon shall, without any notice to the Company or any other act on the part of the
Trustee or any Holder of the Notes, become and be immediately due and payable,
notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Indenture or in the Notes and the
Trustee may proceed to enforce all remedies available to the Trustee under this Indenture, the
Notes of such series and the Collateral Documents (subject to the Collateral Agency and
Intercreditor Agreement) and the other documents to which the Trustee is a party or as are
available under applicable law.

          At any time after such declaration of acceleration has been made with respect to
the Notes of any series and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been
obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Majority Holders of the Notes
of such series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such
declaration and its consequences if:

          (i) there shall have been paid to or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient
to pay

     (A) all overdue interest on the Notes of such series, plus

     (B) the unpaid principal of and premium on any outstanding Notes of
such series that have become due other than by such declaration of acceleration,
plus interest thereon at the respective rates provided in the Notes of such series for
late payments of principal or premium, plus

     (C) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon
overdue interest at the respective rates provided in the Notes for late payments of
interest, plus

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 52 -

     (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the
reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements, and advances of the Trustee,
its agents and counsel, and

     (ii) all Defaults and Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of the
principal of the Notes that has become due solely by such acceleration, have been cured
or waived as provided in Section 7.12.

     No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right
consequent thereon.

     SECTION
7.3 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim: Appointment of Trustee as Attorney-in-Fact in Judicial Proceedings. In case of pendency in any receivership,
insolvency,
bankruptcy, liquidation, readjustment, reorganization or any other judicial proceedings relating
to the Company or any obligor on the Notes or the property of the Company or of such other
obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Notes shall
then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of
whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for payment of overdue
principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered by intervention in such proceedings or
otherwise:

     (i) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal (and premium,
if any) and interest owed and unpaid in respect of the Notes and to file such other papers
or documents as may be necessary and advisable in order to have the claims of the
Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation expenses, disbursements
and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Trustee
under Section 7.5) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and

     (ii) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable
on any such claims and to distribute same;

and any receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator or sequestrator in any such judicial proceeding is
hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payment to the Trustee and in the event that the
Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the
Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under
Section 7.5.

          Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or
consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement,
adjustment or composition affecting the Notes or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize
the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

          SECTION 7.4 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Notes. All
rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Notes of any series may be prosecuted and
enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Notes of such series or the
production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 53 -

Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of
judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agent and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the
Holders of the Notes of the series in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

          SECTION 7.5 Application of Money Collected. Any money collected by the
Trustee with respect to a series of Notes pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the
following
order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on
account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, upon presentation of the Notes of such
series and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if
fully paid:

          FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 8.5.

          SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon the Notes of
that series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the
benefit
of which such money has been collected, ratably among Notes within each series and among the
series, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on
such Notes for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively.

          THIRD: To the Company or its order, any remainder.

          SECTION 7.6 Limitation on Suits. Holders of the Notes of any series may not
enforce their rights under the Notes of such series or this Indenture except as provided in this
Indenture. Subject to the provisions of this Indenture relating to the duties of the Trustee, the
Trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under this Indenture, and
may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any such rights or powers unless it shall have been
offered reasonable indemnity. No holder of any Note of any series has any right to institute any
proceeding with respect to this Indenture or the Notes or for the appointment of a receiver or
Trustee, or for any other remedy under this Indenture, unless:

     (a) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a
continuing Event of Default with respect to Notes of such series;

     (b) the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of then
Outstanding Notes of such series shall have made written request to the Trustee to
institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee
hereunder;

     (c) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity
satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance
with such request;

     (d) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of
indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 54 -

     (e) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the
Trustee during such 60-day period by the Majority Holders of such series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more Holders of Notes of such series shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture
to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other Holders of Notes of such series, or to
obtain
or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other such Holders or to enforce any right
under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and proportionate
benefit of all the Holders of all Notes of such series.

          SECTION 7.7 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium
and Interest. Notwithstanding any other provisions in this Indenture, the Holder of any
Note
shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of,
premium, if any, and interest on such Note on the respective maturities expressed in such Note
(or, in the case of redemption or other required prepayment, on the Redemption Date or
prepayment date, as the case may be) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such
payment, and such right shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

          SECTION 7.8 Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder
has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such
proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, then and in every such case the
Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall, subject to any determination in such proceeding, be
restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder, and thereafter all rights
and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had
been instituted.

          SECTION 7.9 Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided
in the last paragraph of Section 2.9, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the
Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right
and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other
right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise.
The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent
the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

          SECTION 7.10 Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission of the
Trustee or of any Holder of any Note to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of
Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default
or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the
Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed
expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be. No waiver of any Event of
Default, whether by the Trustee or by the Holders, shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent
Event of Default or shall impair any remedy or right consequent thereon.

          SECTION 7.11 Control by Holders. The Majority Holders of the Notes of any
series then Outstanding shall have the right to require the Trustee to proceed to enforce this
Indenture and, to the extent such series of Notes are secured by the Collateral, to take any and
all
action under the Collateral Documents and the sale of the Collateral and, to the extent permitted

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 55 -

by law, to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy
available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to
the Notes; provided that

     (a) the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if
the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that the action so directed may not
lawfully be taken or could conflict with this Indenture or if the Trustee in good faith
shall, by a Responsible Officer, determine that the proceedings so directed could involve
it in personal liability or it reasonably believes it will not adequately be indemnified
against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in complying
with its request or be unjustly prejudicial to the Holders not taking part in such direction,
and

     (b) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which
is not inconsistent with such direction.

          SECTION
7.12 Waiver of Past Defaults. The Majority Holders of any series
may on behalf of the Holders of all the Notes of such series waive any past default hereunder
with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default not theretofore cured

     (a) in the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Note
of such series, or in the payment of any sinking fund or purchase fund or analogous
obligation with respect to the Notes of such series, or

     (b) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article 11 cannot
be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Note of
such series.

          Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default
arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no
such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent
thereon.

          SECTION
7.13 Undertaking for Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and
each Holder of any Note by its acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court
may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this
Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the
filing by any part litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such
suit, and that
such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and
expenses, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith
of
the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not
apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of
Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of then Outstanding Notes
of any series to which the suit relates, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the
enforcement
of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Note on or after the
respective maturities expressed in such Note (or, in the case of redemption or other prepayment,
on or after the Redemption Date or prepayment date).

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 56 -

          SECTION
7.14 Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws. The Company covenants (to
the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in
any
manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever
enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the
performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby
expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it will not hinder,
delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and
permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

ARTICLE 8

CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

          SECTION
8.1 Certain Rights and Duties of Trustee. The Trustee, prior to the
occurrence of an Event of Default and after curing or waiving all Events of Default that may
have occurred, undertakes to perform only such duties as are specifically set forth in this
Indenture and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the
Trustee. In case an Event of Default has occurred (which has not been cured or waived) the
Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the
same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the
circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.

     Except as otherwise provided in Section 315 of the Trust Indenture Act:

     (a) The Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be fully protected in acting,
or refraining from acting, upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion,
report, notice, request, consent, order, bond, debenture or other paper or document
(whether in its original or facsimile form) reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to
have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties; but in the case of any such
certificates or opinions which by the provisions hereof are specifically required to be
furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to
determine whether or not they substantially conform to the requirements of this Indenture
but need not verify the contents thereof.

     (b) Any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein
shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Officers’ Certificate (unless other evidence in
respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed); and any resolution of the Board
of Directors shall be evidenced to the Trustee by a copy thereof certified by the secretary or
an assistant secretary of the Company.

     (c) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the trusts or
powers vested in it by this Indenture, and may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any
such rights or powers unless it shall have been offered reasonable security or indemnity
to its satisfaction against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may reasonably be
incurred therein or thereby.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 57 -

     (d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted by
it in good faith and reasonably believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or
rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture or with respect to any action it takes
or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it from Holders
holding a sufficient percentage of Notes to give such direction as permitted by this
Indenture.

     (e) Prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to any series of
Notes hereunder and after the curing or waiving of all Events of Default with respect to
such series of Notes the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the
facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion,
report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, appraisal, bond, debenture or other paper
or document with respect to such series of Notes unless requested in writing so to do by
the Majority Holders of such series; provided that, if the payment within a reasonable
time to the Trustee of the reasonable costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by
it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably
assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the
Trustee may require reasonable indemnity satisfactory to it against such expenses or
liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such
investigation shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by
the Company upon demand.

     (f) The Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform
any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents, attorneys, custodians or
nominees and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on
the part of any agent, attorney, custodian or nominee appointed with due care by it
hereunder or under any Collateral Document.

     (g) The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good
faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee unless it shall be
proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.

     (h) The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted
to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with any direction of the Company given
under this Indenture.

     (i) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or
matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice,
request, consent, entitlement order, approval or other paper or document.

     (j) The Trustee shall have no obligation to invest and reinvest any cash held
pursuant to this Indenture in the absence of timely and specific written investment
direction from the Company. In no event shall the Trustee be liable for the selection of
investments or for investment losses incurred thereon. The Trustee shall have no liability
in respect of losses incurred as a result of the liquidation of any investment prior to its
stated maturity or the failure of the Company to provide timely written investment
direction.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 58 -

          None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to
expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in the performance of
any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers.

          The Trustee may consult with counsel of its own selection and the written advice
or opinion of counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any
action taken or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with such written advice
or opinion of counsel.

          SECTION
8.2 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals, Etc. The recitals contained
herein and in the Notes, except the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, shall be taken as the
statements of the Company and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the
same. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture,
the Collateral or of the Notes. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by
the Company of any of the Notes or of the proceeds of such Notes.

          SECTION
8.3 Trustee and Others May Hold Notes. The Trustee or any Paying
Agent or Security Registrar or any other Authorized Agent of the Trustee, or any Affiliate
thereof, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Notes and
may otherwise deal with the Company, or any other obligor on the Notes with the same rights it
could have if it were not Trustee, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other Authorized
Agent.

          SECTION
8.4 Moneys Held by Trustee or Paying Agent. All moneys received
by the Trustee or any Paying Agent shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in
trust for the purposes for which they were received, but, other than the Debt Service Reserve
Accounts and the Mandatory Redemption Account, need not be segregated from other funds
except to the extent required by law. Neither the Trustee nor any Paying Agent shall be under
any liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree in
writing with the Company to pay thereon.

          SECTION
8.5 Compensation of Trustee and Its Lien. For so long as any of the
Notes shall remain outstanding, the Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee (all
references in this Section 8.5 to the Trustee shall be deemed to apply to the Trustee in its
capacities as Trustee, Paying Agent and Security Registrar) from time to time, and
the Trustee
shall be entitled to, reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder (which
shall be agreed to from time to time by the Company and the Trustee and which shall not be
limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust),
and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, the Company will pay or reimburse the
Trustee upon its request for all expenses and disbursements incurred or made by the Trustee in
accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation
and the reasonable expenses, advances and disbursements of its counsel and of all persons not
regularly in its employ) except any such expense or disbursement as may arise from its gross
negligence or bad faith. The Company also covenants and agrees to indemnify the Trustee for,
defend, and hold harmless the Trustee and its officers, directors, employees, representatives and
agents from and against, any and all loss, liability, claim, damage or expense (including legal
fees and expenses) incurred without gross negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee or

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 59 -

any of its employees, officers or agents, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or
administration of the trust or trusts hereunder and this Indenture, including liability which the
Trustee may incur as a result of failure to withhold, pay or report Taxes with respect to any
amounts payable with respect to the Notes and including the costs and expenses of defending
itself against any claim or liability in the premises and including, without limitation, any loss,
liability, claim, damage or expense relating to or arising out of any Environmental Law. The
obligations of the Company under this Section shall constitute additional Indebtedness
hereunder. In no event shall the Trustee be liable for special, indirect or consequential loss or
damages whatsoever (including, but not limited to lost profits), even if the Trustee has been
advised of the likelihood of such damage and regardless of the form of action taken.

          The obligations of the Company under this Section 8.5 shall survive payment in
full of the Notes, the resignation or removal of the Trustee and the termination of this Indenture.

          When the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee incurs expenses or renders services
in connection with the performance of its obligations hereunder (including its services as paying
agent, if so appointed by the Company) after an Event of Default specified in Section 7.1(5), (6),
(7) or (8) occurs, the expenses and compensation for such services are intended to constitute
expenses of administration under applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar United
States Federal or state law to the extent provided in Section 503(b)(5) of the Federal Bankruptcy
Code.

          SECTION 8.6 Right of Trustee to Rely on Officers’ Certificates and Opinions of
Counsel. Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting with respect to any matter
contemplated
by this Indenture, it may require an Officer’s Certificate of the Company or an Opinion of
Counsel, which shall conform to the provisions of Section 1.3. The Trustee shall not be liable
for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such certificate or opinion
except as set forth in this Article 8.

          SECTION
8.7 Persons Eligible for Appointment As Trustee. There shall at all
times be a Trustee hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation which complies with the
eligibility requirements of the Trust Indenture Act, having a combined capital and surplus of at
least $100,000,000. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant
to law or to the requirements of a supervising or examining authority referred to in Section
310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, then for the purposes of this Section 8.7, the combined capital
and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set
forth in its most recent report of condition so published. In case at any time the Trustee shall
cease to be eligible in accordance with this Section 8.7, the Trustee shall resign immediately in
the manner and with the effect specified in Section 8.8.

          SECTION
8.8 Resignation and Removal of Trustee, Appointment of Successor.

          (a) The Trustee, or any trustee hereafter appointed, may at any time resign by
giving written notice to the Company and by giving notice of such resignation to the Holders of
Notes in the manner provided in Section 1.5.

American
Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 60 -

          (b) In case at any time any of the following shall occur with respect to the
Notes:

    (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of
the Trust Indenture Act, after written request thereafter by the Company or by any Holder
who has been a bona fide Holder of a Note or Notes for at least six months,

    (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 8.7 and shall fail to
resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder of a Note or Notes,
or

    (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged
bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed, or
any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs
for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;

then, in any such case, (A) the Company may remove the Trustee, and appoint a successor
trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors of the
Company, or (B) subject to the requirements of Section 315(e) of the Trust Indenture Act, any
Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Note or Notes for at least six months may, on
behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction
for
the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee. Such court may
thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and
appoint a successor Trustee.

          (c) The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes at
the time Outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee and appoint a successor Trustee by
delivering to the Trustee so removed, to the successor Trustee so appointed and to the Company,
written evidence of the action taken by the Holders, provided that unless a Default or
Event of
Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Company shall consent to such actions (such
consent not to be unreasonably withheld); and provided, further that if a Default or Event
of
Default shall have occurred and be continuing the Company shall, without further action by the
Company, be deemed to have consented to such actions.

          (d) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed, or become incapable of acting or if
a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, the Company shall promptly appoint
a successor Trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of
Directors of the Company, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the former Trustee
and one copy to the successor Trustee. If no successor Trustee shall have been so appointed and
have accepted such appointment pursuant to Section 8.9 within 30 days after the mailing of such
notice of resignation or removal, the former Trustee may petition at the expense of the Company
any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee, or any Holder
who has been a bona fide Holder of a Note or Notes for at least six months may, subject to the
requirements of Section 315(e) of the Trust Indenture Act, on behalf of himself and all others
similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor Trustee. Such court
may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor
Trustee.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

 

- 61 -

          (e) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and any appointment of a successor
Trustee pursuant to this Section shall become effective only upon acceptance of appointment
by the successor Trustee as provided in Section 8.9.

          SECTION 8.9 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor Trustee. Any successor Trustee
appointed under Section 8.8 shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to its
predecessor Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment hereunder, and thereupon the
resignation or removal of the predecessor Trustee shall become effective and such successor
Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights,
powers, trusts, duties and obligations with respect to such series of its predecessor Trustee
hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as Trustee herein; but, nevertheless, on the
written request of the Company or of the successor Trustee, the Trustee ceasing to act shall, upon
payment of any such amounts then due it pursuant to the provisions of Section 8.5, execute and
deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts with
respect to such series of the Trustee so ceasing to act. Upon request of any such successor
Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments in writing for more fully and certainly
vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights and powers. Any Trustee ceasing
to act shall, nevertheless, retain a lien upon all property or funds held or collected by such
Trustee to secure any amounts then due it pursuant to Section 8.5.

          No successor Trustee shall accept appointment as provided in this Section unless at the time
of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall with respect to such series be eligible under
Section 8.7.

          Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor Trustee, the Company shall give notice of the
succession of such Trustee hereunder to the Holders of Notes in the manner provided in Section 1.6.
If the Company fails to give such notice within 10 days after acceptance of appointment by the
successor Trustee, the successor Trustee shall cause such notice to be given at the expense of the
Company.

          SECTION 8.10 Merger, Conversion or Consolidation of Trustee. Any Person into which the
Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation
resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or
any Person succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business of the Trustee,
shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder without the execution or filing of any paper or any
further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, provided that such successor Trustee
shall be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act and eligible under the provisions of Section 8.7
hereof and Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

          In case at the time such successor to the Trustee shall succeed to the trusts created by this
Indenture, any of the Notes shall have been authenticated but not delivered, any such successor to
the Trustee may adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor Trustee and deliver such
Notes so authenticated and, in case at that time any of the Notes shall not have been
authenticated, any successor to the Trustee may authenticate such Notes either in the name of any
predecessor hereunder or in the name of the successor trustee, and in such cases such certificate
shall have the full force which it is anywhere in the Notes or in this Indenture, provided
that the certificate of the Trustee shall have; provided that the right to adopt the

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 62 -

certificate of authentication of any predecessor Trustee or the authenticate Notes in the
name of any predecessor Trustee shall apply only to its successor or successors by merger,
conversion or consolidation.

          SECTION 8.1l Maintenance of Offices and Agencies.

          (a) There shall at all times be maintained at least one Place of Payment as shall be specified
for the Notes of any series in the related Series Supplemental Indenture, where such Notes may be
presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and for payment of principal,
premium, if any, and interest. Such office shall be initially:

Wachovia Bank, National Association

21 South Street

Morristown, NJ 07690

Notices and demands to or upon the Trustee in respect of the Notes or this Indenture may be served
at the Corporate Trust Office. Written notice of the location of each of such other office or
agency and of any change of location thereof shall be given by the Company to the Trustee and by
the Trustee to the Holders in the manner specified in Section 1.5. In the event that no such office
or agency shall be maintained or no such notice of location or of change of location shall be
given, presentations, surrenders and demands may be made and notices may be served at the Corporate
Trust Office.

          (b) There shall at all times be a Security Registrar and a Paying Agent hereunder. In
addition, at any time when any Notes remain Outstanding, the Trustee may appoint an Authenticating
Agent or Agents with respect to the Notes of one or more series which shall be authorized to act on
behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Notes of such series issued upon original issuance, exchange,
registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or pursuant to Section 2.9, and Notes so
authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory
for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder (it being understood that wherever
reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Notes by the Trustee or
the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include
authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate
of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent). If an appointment
of an Authenticating Agent with respect to the Notes of one or more series shall be made pursuant
to this Section 8.1l(b), the Notes of such series may have endorsed thereon, in addition to the
Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in
substantially the following form:

          This Note is one of the series of Notes referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	 	, 	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	          Trustee	 	 	 	 	 	 
	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	By	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	          Authenticating Agent	 	 	 	 	 	 

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 63 -

	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	By
	 	 	 	 
	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	 

	 	 	 	          Authorized Signatory	 	 	 	 

          Any Authorized Agent shall be a bank or trust company, shall be a Person organized and doing
business under the laws of the United States or any State thereof, with a combined capital and
surplus of at least $100,000,000, and shall be authorized under such laws to exercise corporate
trust powers, subject to supervision by United States Federal or state authorities. If such
Authorized Agent publishes reports of its condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the
requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this
Section 8.11, the combined capital and surplus of such Authorized Agent shall be deemed to be its
combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If
at any time an Authorized Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of
this Section 8.11, such Authorized Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect
specified in this Section 8.11.

          The Trustee at its office specified in Section 1.4, is hereby appointed as Paying Agent and
Security Registrar hereunder.

          (c) Any Paying Agent (other than the Trustee) from time to time appointed hereunder shall
execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which said Paying Agent shall agree with the
Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section 8.11, that such Paying Agent will:

          (i) hold all sums held by it for the payment of principal of, and premium, if
any, and interest on Notes in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until
such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

          (ii) give the Trustee within five days thereafter notice of any default by any
obligor upon the Notes in the making of any such payment of principal, premium, if any, or
interest; and

          (iii) at any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the written
request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such
Paying Agent.

          Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, any payment required to be made to or
received or held by the Trustee may, to the extent authorized by written instructions of the
Trustee, be made to or received or held by a Paying Agent in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of
New York, for the account of the Trustee.

          (d) Any Person into which any Authorized Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may
be consolidated, or any Person resulting from any merger, consolidation or conversion to which any
Authorized Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of
any Authorized Agent, shall be the successor of such Authorized Agent hereunder, if such successor
Person is otherwise eligible under this Section 8.11, without the execution or filing of any paper
or any further act on the part of the parties hereto or such Authorized Agent or such successor
Person.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 64 -

          (e) Any Authorized Agent may at any time resign by giving written notice of resignation
to the Trustee and the Company. The Company may, and at the request of the Trustee shall, at any
time, terminate the agency of any Authorized Agent by giving written notice of such termination to
the Authorized Agent and to the Trustee. Upon the resignation or termination of an Authorized Agent
or in case at any time any such Authorized Agent shall cease to be eligible under this Section 8.11
(when, in either case, no other Authorized Agent performing the functions of such Authorized Agent
shall have been appointed), the Company shall promptly appoint one or more qualified successor
Authorized Agents approved by the Trustee to perform the functions of the Authorized Agent which
has resigned or whose agency has been terminated or who shall have ceased to be eligible under this
Section 8.11. The Company shall give written notice of any such appointment to all Holders as their
names and addresses appear on the Security Register.

          SECTION 8.12 Reports by Trustee. On or before May 15 in every year, so long as any
Notes are Outstanding hereunder, the Trustee shall transmit to the Holders a brief report, dated as
of the preceding December 31, to the extent required by Section 313 of the Trust Indenture Act in
accordance with the procedures set forth in said Section. A copy of such report at the time of its
mailing to Holders shall be filed with the SEC and each stock exchange, if any, on which any Notes
are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee if any series of Notes become listed on
any stock exchange, and the Trustee shall comply with Section 313(d) of the Trust Indenture Act.

          SECTION 8.13 Trustee Risk. None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall
require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability
in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it
shall have reasonable ground for believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not
reasonably assured to it. Whether or not expressly provided herein, every provision of this
Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the
Trustee shall be subject to Section 8.1 and the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.

          SECTION 8.14 Appointment of Co-Trustee. It is the purpose of this Indenture that there
shall be no violation of any law of any jurisdiction, denying or restricting the right of banking
corporations or associations to transact business as Trustee in such jurisdiction. It is recognized
that in case of litigation under this Indenture or any Financing Document, and in particular in
case of the enforcement of any such document on default, or in case the Trustee deems that by
reason of any present or future law of any jurisdiction it may not exercise any of the powers,
rights or remedies herein granted to the Trustee or hold title to the properties, in trust, as
herein granted, or take any other action which may be desirable or necessary in connection
therewith, it may be necessary that the Trustee appoint an additional individual or institution as
a separate or co-trustee. The following provisions of this Section 8.14 are adopted to these ends.

          In the event that the Trustee appoints an additional individual or institution as a separate
or co-trustee, each and every remedy, power, right, claim, demand, cause of action, immunity,
estate, title, interest and lien expressed or intended by this Indenture to be exercised by or
vested in or conveyed to the Trustee with respect thereto shall be exercisable by and vested

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 65 -

in such separate or co-trustee but only to the extent necessary to enable such separate or
co-trustee to exercise such powers, rights and remedies specified by the Trustee, and every
covenant and obligation necessary to the exercise thereof by such separate or co-trustee shall run
to and be enforceable by either of them.

          Should any instrument in writing be required by the separate trustee or co-trustee so
appointed by the Trustee for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to him or it such
properties, rights, powers, trusts, duties and obligations, any and all such instruments in writing
shall, on request, be executed, acknowledged and delivered by the Company. In case any separate
trustee or co-trustee, or a successor to either, shall die, become incapable of acting, resign or
be removed, all the estates, properties, rights, powers, trusts, duties and obligations of such
separate trustee or co-trustee, so far as permitted by law, shall vest in and be exercised by the
Trustee until the appointment of a new trustee or successor to such separate trustee or co-trustee.

ARTICLE 9

CONCERNING THE HOLDERS

          SECTION 9.1 Acts of Holders.

          (a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action
provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders
(collectively, an “Act” of such Holders,
which term also shall refer to the instruments or record evidencing or embodying the same) may be
embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such
Holders in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing or, alternatively, may be embodied in
and evidenced by the record of Holders of Notes voting in favor thereof, either in person or by
proxies duly appointed in writing, at any meeting of Holders of Notes duly called and held in
accordance with the provisions of Article 10, or a combination of such instruments and any such
record. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such
instrument or instruments or record, or both, are delivered to the Trustee, and when it is
specifically required herein, to the Company. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a
writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and
(subject to Section 8.1) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner
provided in this Section 9.1. The record of any meeting of Holders of Notes shall be proved in the
manner provided in Section 10.5.

          (b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be
proved by the certificate of any public or other officer of any jurisdiction authorized to take
acknowledgments of deeds or administer oaths that the Person executing such instrument acknowledged
to such officer the execution thereof, or by an affidavit of a witness to such execution sworn to
before any such notary or other such officer, and where such execution is by an officer of a
corporation or association or of a Company, on behalf of such corporation, association or Company,
such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of such Person’s authority.
The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or the

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 66 -

authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the
Trustee deems sufficient.

          (c) The principal amount and serial numbers of Notes held by any Person, and the date or dates
of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security Register and the Trustee shall not be affected
by notice to the contrary.

          (d) Any Act by the Holder of any Note (i) shall bind every future Holder of the same Note and
the Holder of every Note issued upon the transfer thereof or the exchange therefor or in lieu
thereof, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Note, and (ii) shall be valid
notwithstanding that such Act is taken in connection with the transfer of such Note to any other
Person, including the Company or any Affiliate thereof.

          (e) Until such time as written instruments shall have been delivered with respect to the
requisite percentage of principal amount of Notes for the Act contemplated by such instruments, any
such instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of a Holder of Notes may be revoked with
respect to any or all of such Notes by written notice by such Holder (or its duly appointed agent)
or any subsequent Holder (or its duly appointed agent), proven in the manner in which such
instrument was proven unless such instrument is by its terms expressly irrevocable.

          (f) Notes of any series authenticated and delivered after any Act of Holders may, and shall if
required by the Company, bear a notation in form approved by the Company as to any action taken by
such Act of Holders. If the Company shall so determine, new Notes of any series so modified as to
conform, in the opinion of the Company, to such action, may be prepared and executed by the Company
and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for outstanding Notes of such series.

          The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of
determining the Holders entitled to sign any instrument evidencing or embodying an Act of the
Holders. If a record date is fixed, those Persons who were Holders at such record date (or their
duly appointed agents), and only those Persons, shall be entitled to sign any such instrument
evidencing or embodying an Act of Holders or to revoke any such instrument previously signed,
whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders after such record date. No such instrument shall
be valid or effective if signed more than 90 days after such record date, and may be revoked as
provided in paragraph (e) above.

          SECTION 9.2 Notes Owned by Company and Affiliates Deemed Not
Outstanding. In determining whether the Holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount
of Notes have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent and
waiver or other act under this Indenture, Notes which are owned by the Company, any of its
Subsidiaries or any other Affiliate of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries shall be disregarded
and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination except that in
determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver or other act, only Notes for which a
Responsible Officer of the Trustee has received written notice of such ownership as conclusively
evidenced by the Security Register shall be so disregarded. The Company shall furnish the

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 67 -

Trustee, upon its reasonable request, with a list of such Affiliates. Notes so owned which
have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of this Section 9.2
if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee that the pledgee has the right to
vote such Notes and that the pledgee is not the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company or any
Affiliate of the Company or any such Subsidiary. Subject to the provisions of Section 315 of the
Trust Indenture Act, in case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee, taken upon
the advice of counsel, shall be full protection to the Trustee.

ARTICLE 10

HOLDERS’ MEETINGS

          SECTION 10.1 Purposes for Which Holders’ Meetings May Be Called. A meeting of Holders
may be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to this Article 10 for any of the
following purposes:

          (a) to give any notice to the Company or to the Trustee, or to give any directions to
the Trustee, or to waive or to consent to the waiving of any default hereunder and its
consequences, or to take any other action authorized to be taken by Holders pursuant to
Article 7;

          (b) to remove the Trustee and appoint a successor Trustee pursuant to Article 8;

          (c) to consent to the execution of an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto
pursuant to Section 11.2; or

          (d) to take any other action authorized to be taken by or on behalf of the
Holders of any specified aggregate principal amount of the Notes under any other
provision of this Indenture or under applicable law.

          SECTION 10.2 Company and Holders May Call Meeting. In case the Company, pursuant to a
Board Resolution, or the Holders of at least 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes of any
series then Outstanding shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of Holders of such
series, by written request setting forth in general terms the action proposed to be taken at the
meeting, and the Trustee shall not have made the mailing of the notice of such meeting within 20
days after receipt of such request, then the Company or the Holders of such Notes in the amount
above specified may determine the time and the place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New
York, for such meeting and may call such meeting to take any action authorized in Section 10.1 by
giving notice thereof to the Company or all such other Holders as the case may be, or as set forth
in Section 10.1.

          SECTION 10.3 Persons Entitled to Vote at Meeting. To be entitled to vote at any
meeting of Holders a person shall be (a) a Holder of one or more Notes with respect to which such
meeting is being held or (b) a person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for the Holder
or Holders of such Notes by a Holder of one or more such Notes. The only persons who

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 68 -

shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders shall be the persons
entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel and any representatives of the Trustee and its
counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

          SECTION 10.4 Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meeting.
Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may make such reasonable
regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of Holders, in regard to proof of the holding
of Notes and of the appointment of proxies, and in regard to the appointment and duties of
inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of
the right to vote, and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall think
fit. Such regulations may provide that written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their
face, may be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 9.1 or other proof.
Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations, the holding of Notes shall be
proved in the manner specified in Section 9.1 and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in
the manner specified in said Section 9.1 or by having the signature of the person executing the
proxy witnessed or guaranteed by any bank, banker, trust company or firm satisfactory to the
Trustee.

          The Company or the Holders calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall appoint a temporary
chairman. A permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of
the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes represented at the meeting and
entitled to vote.

          Subject to the provisions of Section 9.2, at any meeting each Holder or proxy shall be
entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of Notes held or represented by him;
provided, however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any
Note challenged as not Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not Outstanding.
The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote other than by virtue of Notes held by him
or instruments in writing as aforesaid duly designating him as the person to vote on behalf of
other Holders. Any meeting of Holders duly called pursuant to Section 10.2 may be adjourned from
time to time, and the meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice. At any meeting,
the presence of persons holding or representing Notes with respect to which such meeting is being
held in an aggregate principal amount sufficient to take action upon the business for the
transaction of which such meeting was called shall be necessary to constitute a quorum; but, if
less than a quorum be present, the persons holding or representing a majority of the Notes
represented at the meeting may adjourn such meeting with the same effect, for all intents and
purposes, as though a quorum had been present.

          SECTION 10.5 Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meeting. The vote upon any
resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of a series shall be by written ballots on which
shall be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Notes of such series or of their
representatives by proxy and the serial numbers and principal amounts of the Notes of such series
held or represented by them. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of
votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall
make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written reports in duplicate of all
votes cast at the meeting. A record in duplicate of the proceedings of each

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 69 -

meeting of Holders shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be
attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken
thereat and affidavits by one or more persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of
the notice of the meeting. The record shall show the serial numbers of the Notes voting in favor of
or against any resolution. The record shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the
permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one of the duplicates shall be delivered to the
Company and the other to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached
thereto the ballots voted at the meeting.

          Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.

ARTICLE 11

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

          SECTION 11.1 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders. Without the consent
of the Holders of any Notes, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution (a copy of which
shall be delivered to the Trustee), and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter
into one or more indentures supplemental hereto in form satisfactory to the Trustee or enter into
any consent with respect to the Collateral Documents for any of the following purposes:

     (a) to establish the form and terms of Notes of any series permitted by Sections
2.1 and 2.3; or

     (b) to evidence the succession of another entity to the Company and the assumption by
any such successor of the covenants of the Company herein contained; or

     (c) to evidence the succession of a new Trustee hereunder pursuant to Section
8.9; or

     (d) to add to the covenants of the Company such further covenants, restrictions,
conditions or provisions as the Board of Directors shall consider to be for the protection
of the Holders of Notes, and to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance of a
default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of
Default permitting the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies provided in this
Indenture as herein set forth; provided that in respect of any such additional
covenant, restriction, condition or provision such supplemental indenture may provide for a
particular period of grace after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that
allowed in the case of other defaults) or may provide for immediate enforcement upon such an
Event of Default or may limit the remedies available to the Trustee due solely to such an
Event of Default or may limit the right of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Notes to waive such an Event of Default; or

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 70 -

     (e) to convey, transfer and assign to the Trustee properties or assets to secure the
Notes, and to correct or amplify the description of any property at any time subject to
this Indenture, any Series Supplemental Indenture or the Collateral Documents or to assure,
convey and confirm unto the Trustee any property subject or required to be subject to this
Indenture, any Series Supplemental Indenture or the Collateral Documents; or

     (f) to modify, eliminate or add to the provisions of this Indenture or any Series
Supplemental Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to qualify, requalify or
continue the qualification of this Indenture (including any supplemental indenture) under
the Trust Indenture Act, or under any similar United States Federal statute hereafter
enacted, and to add to this Indenture such other provisions as may be expressly permitted
by the Trust Indenture Act, excluding, however, the provisions referred to in Section
316(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act as in effect at the date as of which this instrument
was executed or any corresponding provision in any similar United States Federal statute
hereafter enacted; or

     (g) to permit or facilitate the issuance of Notes in certificated or uncertificated
form; or

     (h) to change or eliminate any provision of this Indenture, any Series
Supplemental Indenture or the Collateral Documents; provided, however, that if such
change or elimination shall adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Notes of any
series, such change or elimination shall not become effective with respect to such series;
or

     (i) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision in this
Indenture, any Series Supplemental Indenture or the Collateral Documents that is incorrect;
or

     (j) to provide for the issuance of exchange securities for the Notes;
provided that such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of
Notes of any series in any material respect.

          SECTION 11.2 Supplemental Indenture with Consent of Holders. With the consent of the
Majority Holders of Notes of all series then Outstanding, considered as one class, by Act of said
Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board
Resolution (a copy of which shall be delivered to the Trustee), may, and the Trustee, subject to
Sections 11.3 and 11.4, shall, enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the
purpose of adding any mutually agreeable provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any
of the provisions of, this Indenture; provided, however, that if there shall be Notes of
more than one series Outstanding hereunder and if a proposed supplemental indenture shall directly
affect the rights of the Holders of one or more, but less than all, of such series, then the
consent only of the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Notes of all series so directly affected, considered as one class, shall be required;
and provided, further, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of
the Holder of each Outstanding Note directly affected thereby,

American
Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 71 -

     (a) change any Scheduled Payment Date, or the dates or circumstances of payment of
premium, if any on any Note, or change the principal amount thereof or the interest thereon
or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or change the place of payment where, or
the coin or currency in which, any Note or the premium, if any, or the interest thereon is
payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment of
principal or interest on or after the Scheduled Payment Date for such payment (or, in the
case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date) or such payment of premium, if any, on
or after the date such premium becomes due and payable in respect of such Notes; or

     (b) except to the extent expressly permitted by this Indenture or any of the Collateral
Documents, permit the creation of any Lien prior to or, except as contemplated by Section
4.9, pari passu with the Lien of the Collateral Documents with respect to any of the
Collateral, terminate the Lien of the Collateral Documents on any Collateral or, if a Holder
of Notes of a series is entitled to the benefits thereof, deprive any Holder of the security
afforded by the Lien of the Collateral Documents; or

     (c) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Notes, the consent of
whose Holders is required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose
Holders is required for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture
or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences provided for in this Indenture; or

     (d) modify any of the provisions of Section 7.12 or of this Section 11.2.

          A supplemental indenture that changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this
Indenture, a Series Supplemental Indenture or any Collateral Document which has expressly been
included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Notes, or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Notes of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision,
shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Notes of any other
series.

          Upon receipt by the Trustee of Board Resolutions and such other documentation as the Trustee
may reasonably require and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the Act of said Holders,
the Trustee shall join in the execution of such supplemental indenture or other instrument, as the
case may be, subject to the provisions of Sections 11.3 and 11.4.

          It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to approve the particular
form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve
the substance thereof.

          SECTION 11.3 Execution of Supplemental Indentures. In executing, or accepting the
additional trusts created by any Series Supplemental Indenture or other supplemental indenture
permitted by this Article 11 or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture,
the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 8.1) shall be fully protected in
relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is
authorized or permitted by this Indenture and all conditions precedent

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 72 -

to the execution of such supplemental indenture have been met. The Trustee may, but shall not be
obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which the Trustee reasonably believes
would adversely affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise.

          SECTION 11.4 Effect of Supplemental Indentures. Upon the execution of any supplemental
indenture under this Article 11, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such
supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of
Notes theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.

          SECTION 11.5 Conformity with Trust Indenture Act. Every supplemental indenture
executed pursuant to this Article 11 shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture
Act as then in effect.

          SECTION 11.6 Reference in Notes to Supplemental Indentures. Notes authenticated and
delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article 11 may, and
shall if required by the Company, bear a notation in form approved by the Company as to any matter
provided for in such supplemental indenture; and, in such case, suitable notation may be made upon
Outstanding Notes after proper presentation and demand. If the Company shall so determine, new
Notes so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Company and the Trustee, to any such
supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered
by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Notes.

ARTICLE 12

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

          SECTION 12.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Notes. Except as otherwise provided with
respect to the Notes of any series in the Series Supplemental Indenture relating thereto, the Notes
of such series shall, on or prior to the Scheduled Payment Date with respect to the final
installment of principal thereof or the Redemption Date for such Notes, be deemed to have been paid
for all purposes of this Indenture, and the entire Indebtedness of the Company in respect thereof
shall be deemed to have been satisfied and discharged, upon satisfaction of the following
conditions:

     (a) the Company shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the
Trustee, in trust, money in an amount which shall be sufficient to pay when due the
principal of and premium, if any, and interest due and to become due on the Notes of such
series on and prior to the Scheduled Payment Date with respect to the final installment of
principal thereof or the Redemption Date for such Notes;

     (b) if any such deposit of money shall have been made prior to the Scheduled Payment
Date with respect to the final installment of principal or the Redemption Date of

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 73 -

such Notes, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee a Company Order stating that
such money shall be held by the Trustee, in trust;

     (c) in the case of redemption of Notes, the Company Order with respect to such
redemption pursuant to Article 5 shall have been given to the Trustee; and

     (d) there shall have been delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect
that such satisfaction and discharge of the Indebtedness of the Company with respect to the
Notes of such series shall not be deemed to be, or result in, a taxable event with respect
to the Holders of such series for purposes of United States federal income taxation unless
the Trustee shall have received documentary evidence that each Holder of such series either
is not subject to, or is exempt from, United States federal income taxation.

Upon satisfaction of the aforesaid conditions with respect to the Notes of any series, the
Trustee shall, upon receipt of a Company Order, execute proper instruments acknowledging
satisfaction and discharge of the series of Notes.

          In the event that Notes which shall be deemed to have been paid as provided in this Section
12.1 do not mature and are not to be redeemed within the 60-day period commencing on the date of
the deposit with the Trustee of moneys, the Company shall, as promptly as practicable, give a
notice, in the same manner as a notice of redemption with respect to such Notes, to the Holders of
such Notes to the effect that such Notes are deemed to have been paid and the circumstances
thereof.

          Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of any Notes as aforesaid, the obligations
of the Company and the Trustee in respect of such Notes under Sections 2.8, 2.9, 2.10 and 8.5
and this Article 12 shall survive such satisfaction and discharge.

          SECTION 12.2 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. This Indenture, and any Series
Supplemental Indenture with respect to a series of Notes (except as provided therein), shall upon
Company Order cease to be of further effect with respect to any series of Notes (except as
hereinafter expressly provided), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute
proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when:

     (a) either

     (i) all Notes theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than (A)
Notes which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid
as provided in Section 2.9 and (B) Notes deemed to have been paid in accordance with
Section 12.1) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

     (ii) all Notes not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation
(other than Notes that have been lost or stolen or that have been replaced or paid
as provided in Section 2.9) shall be deemed to have been paid in accordance with
Section 12.1;

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 74 -

     (b) all other sums due and payable under this Indenture, any Series
Supplemental Indenture and the Notes have been paid; and

     (c) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion
of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

Upon satisfaction of the aforesaid conditions, the Trustee shall, upon receipt of a Company Order,
execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture and take all
other action reasonably requested by the Company to evidence the termination of any and all Liens
created by or with
respect to this Indenture.

          Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as aforesaid, the obligations
of the Company and the Trustee under Sections 2.8, 2.9, 2.10 and 8.5 and this Article 12 shall
survive.

          Upon satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as provided in this Section 12.2, the
Trustee shall assign, transfer and turn over to or upon the order of the Company, any and all
money, securities and other property then held by the Trustee for the benefit of the Holders, other
than money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 12.1 (a) and interest and other amounts
earned or received thereon.

          SECTION 12.3 Application of Trust Money. Subject to Section 12.4, the money deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to Section 12.1 shall not be withdrawn or used for any purpose other
than, and shall be held in trust for, the payment of the principal of and premium, if any, and
interest on the Notes or portions of principal amount thereof in respect of which such deposit was
made.

          SECTION 12.4 Return of Moneys Held by Trustee and Unclaimed for Three Years. Any
moneys deposited with or paid to the Trustee for the payment of the principal of, premium, if any
or interest on any Note of any series and not applied but remaining unclaimed for three years after
the latest date upon which such principal, premium, if any or interest shall have become due and
payable, shall, upon the written request of the Company and unless otherwise required by mandatory
provisions of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, be repaid to the Company
by the Trustee, and any Holder of the Notes of such series shall, unless otherwise required by
mandatory provisions of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property laws, thereafter look
only to the Company for any payment which such Holder may be entitled to collect, and all liability
of the Trustee with respect to such moneys shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that
the Trustee or such paying agent, before being required to make any such repayment with respect to
moneys deposited with it for any payment shall, at the expense of the Company cause to be published
once, in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, notice that
such moneys remain and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days
from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such moneys then remaining will be
repaid to the Company.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 75 -

ARTICLE 13

DEFEASANCE

          SECTION
13.1 Defeasance.

          (a) Subject to Sections 13.1(b) and 13.2, and except as provided in any Series Supplemental
Indenture with respect to a series of Notes thereunder, the Company at any time may terminate (i)
all its obligations under this Indenture, any Series Supplemental Indenture with respect to the
Notes of such series, the Notes of a series and the Collateral Documents (a “Legal Defeasance”) or
(ii) any of its covenants, other than its obligation to make payments on the Notes pursuant to
Section 2.10 and 4.1 (a “Covenant Defeasance”). With respect to any Covenant Defeasance, except as
specified in clause (ii) of the preceding sentence, the remainder of this Indenture and the Notes,
shall be unaffected thereby. The Company may exercise a Legal Defeasance notwithstanding the prior
exercise of a Covenant Defeasance. If the Company exercises a Legal Defeasance, payment of the
Notes may not be accelerated due to an Event of Default. Upon satisfaction of the conditions set
forth herein and on demand of the Company, the Trustee (x) shall acknowledge in writing the
discharge of the obligations terminated by the Company, (y) shall execute documents and deliver
such instruments in writing as shall be required to reconvey, release, assign and deliver to the
Company any and all of the Trustee’s interest in the Collateral, the right, title and interest in
and to any and all rights conveyed, assigned or pledged to the Trustee or otherwise subject to this
Indenture, except amounts required to be paid to the Trustee under this Indenture for payment of
the Notes, and (z) shall turn over to the Company or to any such person, body or authority as may
be entitled to receive the same all balances then held by it hereunder. Covenant Defeasance, as
effected hereby, means that the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in
respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth under any of the covenants in this Indenture
except as set forth hereinabove, whether directly or indirectly by reason of any reference
elsewhere herein to any such covenant or Section or to any other provision herein or in any other
document.

          (b) Notwithstanding Section 13.1 (a) above, the obligations of the Company pursuant to
Sections 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 8.5 and this Article 13 shall survive until the Notes have been paid in
full in cash. Thereafter, the obligations of the Company pursuant to Section 8.5 shall survive.

          SECTION 13.2 Conditions to Defeasance. Either the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant
Defeasance may be exercised only if:

     (a) The Company shall have irrevocably deposited in trust with the Trustee (i)
cash in an amount which, when added to any other moneys held by the Trustee and available
for such payment, would be sufficient to pay (A) the principal of, and any premium and
interest on, all Notes issued hereunder and under any Series Supplemental Indenture when
due, whether on any Scheduled Payment Date or upon redemption or otherwise, and (B) all
other sums payable hereunder and under any Series Supplemental Indenture, (ii) non-callable
direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the United States, maturing on or
before the date or dates when the payments specified in clause (i) above shall become due,
the principal amount of which and the interest thereon, when

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 76 -

due, is or will be, in the aggregate, sufficient to make all such payments or (iii) any combination
of such cash and such obligations (the “Obligations”) specified in (ii) above, the aggregate amount
of which and interest thereon, when due, are or will be sufficient to make all the payments
specified in clause (i) above, and such deposit shall not cause the Trustee to have a conflicting
interest as defined in and for the purposes of the Trust Indenture Act;

     (b) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee a certificate from a nationally recognized
firm of independent accountants expressing their opinion that the deposited cash and/or the
Obligations without any reinvestment thereof will provide cash at such times and in such amounts as
will be sufficient to pay principal of, and any premium and interest on, all Outstanding Notes when
due, whether on any Scheduled Payment Date or upon redemption or otherwise;

     (c) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that
(i) all preference periods applicable to the defeasance trust have expired under any applicable
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, (ii)
the defeasance trust resulting from the deposit does not constitute, or is qualified as, a
regulated investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and (iii) the
Holders shall have a perfected security interest under applicable law in the Obligations so
deposited with customary assumptions and qualifications;

     (d) No Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such
deposit or insofar as Events of Default from bankruptcy or insolvency events are concerned, at any
time in the period ending on the 123rd day after the date of deposit;

     (e) Such Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as the case may be, shall not result in a
breach or violation of or constitute a Default under this Indenture, or any other material
agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which the Company is bound;

     (f) In the case of a Legal Defeasance, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Opinion of Counsel confirming that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published
by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (ii) since the date of this Indenture there has been a
change in the applicable United States Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that,
and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, none of the Holders of Notes of any
series will recognize income, gain or loss for United States Federal income tax purposes as a
result of such Legal Defeasance and such Holders will be subject to United States Federal income
tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as could have been the case if
such Legal Defeasance had not occurred;

     (g) In the case of a Covenant Defeasance, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Opinion of Counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that none of the Holders of any
series will recognize income, gain or loss for United

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 77 -

States Federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and such Holders
will be subject to United States Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner
and at the same times as could have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not
occurred; and

     (h) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and
Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to
either the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance, as the case may be, have been
complied with.

          Neither the Obligations nor moneys deposited with the Trustee pursuant to this section shall
be substituted, withdrawn, reinvested or used for any purpose other than, and shall be segregated
and held in trust for the payment of the principal of, and premium, if any and interest on, the
Notes; provided that any moneys deposited with or paid to the Trustee for the payment of
principal or interest on the Notes and not applied but remaining unclaimed for three years after
the date upon which such principal or interest shall have become due and payable, shall be applied
in accordance with Section 12.4.

ARTICLE 14

COLLATERAL DOCUMENTS

          SECTION
14.1 Collateral and Security
and Pledge Agreements.

          (a) On the Issue Date, the Company and the Trustee will enter into the Collateral Documents
and other similar instruments or documents as shall be necessary to create, perfect and make
enforceable Liens upon the Property subject to the Lien of the Security Agreement, the Pledge
Agreements and the Collateral Documents as provided in the Collateral Documents, in order that the
Trustee shall enjoy, for the benefit of the Trustee and, except as otherwise provided in any Series
Supplemental Indenture with respect to the Notes of any series issued thereunder, the Holders, a
Lien on all of the Collateral referred to in the Collateral Documents.

          (b) The Trustee and the Company hereby acknowledge and agree that the Trustee holds the
Collateral in trust for the benefit of the Trustee and, except as otherwise provided in any Series
Supplemental Indenture with respect to the Notes of any series issued thereunder, the Holders, in
each case pursuant to the terms of this Indenture and the Collateral Documents and the Company,
pursuant to this Indenture as well as the Collateral Documents, hereby grants to the Trustee for
the ratable benefit of the Holders entitled to the benefit of the Collateral Documents and the
Collateral a security interest in the Collateral. Each Holder, by accepting a Note, except as
otherwise provided in any Series Supplemental Indenture with respect to the Notes of any series
issued thereunder to the extent that the Holders of such Notes have elected not to be subject to
the Collateral Documents and not to be entitled to security in the Collateral, shall be deemed to
have agreed to all the terms and provisions of the Collateral

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 78 -

Documents; provided, however, that if any provisions of the Collateral Documents limit, qualify or
conflict with the duties imposed by the TIA, when applicable, the TIA shall control.

          (c) As among the Holders entitled to security in the Collateral, the Collateral shall be held
for the equal and ratable benefit of such Holders without preference, priority or distinction of
any thereof over any other.

          (d) The Trustee is hereby authorized and directed to enter into each of the Collateral
Documents contemplated hereby and to perform all of the obligations of the Trustee thereunder,
including but not limited to, appointing the Collateral Agent under the Collateral Agency and
Intercreditor Agreement and the Company acknowledges the same.

          SECTION 14.2 Maintenance of Liens.

          (a) Subject to the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall take or cause to be taken
all action required to maintain, preserve and protect the Liens on the Collateral granted by this
Indenture and the Collateral Documents, including causing any Collateral Document, instruments of
further assurance and all amendments or supplements thereto, to be promptly recorded, registered
and filed and at all times to be kept recorded, registered and filed, and will execute and file
statements and cause to be issued and filed statements, all in such manner and in such places and
at such times as are prescribed in the Collateral Documents or in this Indenture and as may be
required by law fully to preserve and protect the rights of the Holders and the Trustee under this
Indenture and the Collateral Documents to the Collateral.

          Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, if after the Issue Date the Company or any
of its Restricted Subsidiaries shall create, incur, assume or otherwise cause or suffer to exist or
become effective any Lien of any kind upon any of its Property securing the Bank Credit Facility
(which Property is not already subject to the Lien of the Collateral Documents or to perfection
thereunder), the Company shall, or shall cause such Restricted Subsidiary to, as the case may be,
(i) execute and file, as applicable, any and all further Collateral Documents and other instruments
required under applicable law, upon substantially the same terms as the Collateral Documents
securing the Bank Credit Facility, as shall be necessary to effectuate a Lien subject to the Bank
Credit Facility and the Permitted Liens referred to in clauses (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (i),
(o), (p) and (q) of the definition of such term in Section 1.2 hereof upon such Property for the
benefit of the Holders (unless such Holders were not at such time entitled to security in the
Collateral), unless such Lien cannot be effectuated under applicable law and (ii) deliver an
Opinion of Counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee that such Collateral Documents are valid,
binding and enforceable obligations.

          (b) The Company shall, from time to time promptly pay and discharge all recording or filing
fees, charges and taxes relating to the filing or registration of this Indenture and the Collateral
Documents, any amendments thereto and any other instruments of further assurance.

          (c) The Company shall furnish to the Trustee:

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 79 -

     (i) without limiting the documents otherwise to be delivered on the Issue Date,
promptly after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Collateral Documents, each
amendment or supplement to a Collateral Document or other instrument of further assurance,
an Opinion or Opinions of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsels, this
Indenture, the Collateral Documents, any such amendment or supplement to a Collateral
Document and other instruments of further assurance have been properly recorded, endorsed,
registered and filed, or have been received by the applicable governmental authority for
recording, filing or registration, to the extent necessary to make effective and perfect
the Liens intended to be created by this Indenture and the Collateral Documents and
reciting the details of such action or referring to prior Opinions of Counsel in which such
details are given, or stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, no such action is
necessary to make such Liens effective;

     (ii) on or before January 1 in each year beginning with January 1, 2004, (A) an
Opinion or Opinions of Counsel, dated as of a date not earlier than 30 days prior to such
date, either stating that, in the opinion of such counsels, such action has been taken with
respect to the recording, registering, filing, re-recording, re-registering and re-filing
of this Indenture, the Collateral Documents, of all amendments or supplements to the
Collateral Documents, financing statements, continuation statements or other instruments of
further assurances as is necessary to maintain the Lien of this Indenture and the
Collateral Documents (including any additional Collateral pursuant to Section 4.17 hereof)
and reciting the details of such action or referring to prior Opinions of Counsel in which
such details are given, or stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, no such action is
necessary to maintain such Lien and (B) an Officers’ Certificate, dated as of a date not
earlier than 30 days prior to such date, stating that all fees required to be paid under
each Collateral Document have been paid; and

     (iii) from time to time, notice of any recording, registration, filing, payment
or other action taken in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.02(a) hereof, in each
case as promptly as practicable after taking any such action.

          The Company will comply with Section 314(b) of the TIA.

          (d) The Company will not, and will not permit any Subsidiary thereof to, take or omit to
take any action which action or omission might or would have the result of impairing the Lien with
respect to the Collateral, and the Company shall not, and shall not permit any Subsidiary thereof
to, grant to any Person other than the Trustee, for the benefit of the Trustee and the Holders
entitled thereto, any interest whatsoever in any of the Collateral, except as expressly permitted
under this Indenture and the Collateral Documents, provided that nothing herein shall be deemed to
prohibit any amendment, modification or supplement of this Indenture or any Collateral Document in
connection with the release by the Trustee of any Lien upon any Property of the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary thereof that is the subject of a sale or other disposition permitted
hereunder, to the extent such release is permitted pursuant to Article 15 hereof.

          SECTION 14.3 Action by the Trustee. In addition to Section 7.3 and subject to the
provisions of the Collateral Documents, the Trustee, acting at the written direction of the

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 80 -

Holders of Notes secured by the Collateral, shall have power to institute and maintain such suits
and proceedings as the Trustee reasonably may deem expedient to prevent any impairment of the
Collateral by any acts which are in violation of the terms of the Collateral Documents, and such
suits and proceedings as the Trustee reasonably may deem expedient to preserve or protect its
interests and the interests of the Holders in the Collateral; provided, that nothing contained in
this Section 14.3 shall be deemed to be a waiver of any right
which the Company would otherwise
have with respect to the defense of any such suit or proceeding.

ARTICLE 15

POSSESSION, USE AND RELEASES OF PROPERTY;

WITHDRAWAL OF TRUST MONEYS

          SECTION 15.1 Possession and Use of Property; Dispositions without Release.
Subject to other applicable provisions of this Indenture and any Series Supplemental Indenture,
and so long as no Event of Default exists, the Company shall be entitled, except as herein
otherwise expressly provided, (i) to possess, use and enjoy the Collateral, except money and
securities which are expressly required to be deposited with the Trustee; and (ii) to receive, use
and dispose of the tolls, rents, revenues, issues, income, products and profits of the Collateral,
and to exercise any and all rights under and with respect to the Collateral and to enforce the
performance hereof. Subject to other applicable provisions of this Indenture and any Series
Supplemental Indenture, and so long as no Event of Default exists, the Company shall have the
right, at any time and from time to time, without any release from or consent by the Trustee,

     (a) to sell or dispose of, free from the Lien of the Collateral Documents, any part of
the Collateral consisting of inventory, or consisting of machinery, equipment, furniture,
apparatus, tools or implements, materials or supplies, structures or portions or components
thereof or other similar Property which may have become obsolete or unfit for use or which
is no longer useful, necessary or profitable in the conduct of the business of the Company,
and no purchaser of any such Property shall be bound to inquire into any question affecting
the right of the Company to sell or otherwise dispose of the same free from the Lien of the
Collateral Documents;

     (b) to modify, amend, supplement, cancel, release or replace any leases, rights of way,
agreements or contracts subject to the Lien of the Collateral Documents; provided that any
modified, amended or substituted leases, rights of way, agreements or contracts shall
forthwith become subject to the Lien of the Collateral Documents to the same extent as those
previously existing;

     (c) in compliance with the Collateral Documents, to surrender or modify any franchise,
license or permit which it may own or under which it may be operating;

     (d) to alter, repair, replace, change the location or position of and add to its
structures, machinery, equipment and other fixtures and appurtenances; provided, however,
that no change shall be made in the location of any such Property subject to the

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 81 -

Lien of the Collateral Documents which removes such Property into a jurisdiction in
which the Collateral Documents, or appropriate certificates or statements with respect
thereto, have not been recorded or filed in the manner and to the extent required by law to
preserve the Lien of the Collateral Documents on such Property;

     (e) to grant rights of way and easements over or in respect of any Property owned by
the Company and subject to the Lien of the Collateral Documents, provided that such grant
will not have a Material Adverse Effect; and/or

     (f) to cut and remove, and to permit others to cut and remove, trees or timber, and to
take and permit others to take sand, gravel, rock or earth from any land subject to the
Lien of the Collateral Documents.

     The Trustee shall, from time to time, execute any written instrument to confirm any action
taken by the Company under this Section, upon receipt by the Trustee of a request for the same,
together with an Officers’ Certificate stating that the action so to be confirmed was duly taken in
conformity with a designated provision of this Section, and an Opinion of Counsel stating that said
action was duly taken by the Company in conformity with said provision and that the execution of
such written instrument is appropriate to confirm such action under this Section.

     SECTION 15.2 Releases. The Company shall have the right, subject to other applicable
provisions of this Indenture and any Series Supplemental Indenture, at any time and from time to
time, to sell or dispose of any part of the Collateral (except cash and other personal Property
held by, or required to be deposited or pledged with, the Trustee hereunder and except contracts
and contract rights which are subject to the Lien of the Collateral Documents), and the Trustee
shall, from time to time, release Property so sold or disposed of or subject to purchase money
Indebtedness from the Lien of the Collateral Documents, but only upon receipt by and deposit with
the Trustee of the following:

     (a) a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company requesting such release and
describing the Property to be released;

     (b) an Officers’ Certificate dated not more than 30 days prior to the application
for such release, and unless one of the officers signing the same is an engineer,
appraiser or other expert and shall so state, signed also by an engineer, appraiser or
other expert, setting forth in substance as follows:

     (1) that the Company has sold or disposed of or proposes to sell or dispose of
the Property so requested to be released;

     (2) either

     (A) that the Property to be released is no longer necessary in the
conduct of the Company’s business or other Property acquired or to be
acquired in substitution therefor is as well suited to the needs of the
Company’s business; or

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 82 -

     (B) that such sale or disposition has been or is to be made in lieu and
in reasonable anticipation of the taking of such Property by the exercise of
a power of eminent domain or a similar right or power; or

     (C) that such sale has been or is to be made in connection with a
transaction permitted by Sections 4.9, 4.10, 4.11 and 4.12 and any other
applicable provision of this Indenture or a Series Supplemental Indenture;

     (3) whether

     (A) the aggregate of the fair value of the Property to be released and
the fair value of all other Property released since the commencement of the
then current calendar year (as previously certified to the Trustee) is 10%
or more of the aggregate principal amount of all Notes at the time
Outstanding, and whether

     (B) the fair value of the Property to be released is at least $25,000
and at least 1% of the aggregate principal amount of all Notes at the time
Outstanding,

and, if the conditions described in both preceding clauses (A) and (B) are
present, that an independent engineer’s, appraiser’s or other expert’s
certificate as to the fair value of the Property to be released will be
furnished under subsection (c) of this Section;

     (4) the fair value at the date of the certificate, in the opinion of the
engineer, appraiser or other expert, of the Property to be released; except that it
shall not be necessary under this clause to state the fair value of any Property
whose fair value is certified in an independent engineer’s, appraiser’s or other
expert’s certificate under subsection (c);

     (5) whether an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and if so,
describing the nature of such Event of Default; and

     (6) that no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company could be
reasonably expected to occur as a result of the release of the Property;

     (7) that, in the opinion of the signers, the proposed release will not impair
the security under the Collateral Documents in contravention of the provisions
thereof;

     (8) that the proposed release will not result in a Default or Event of Default
under this Indenture or any Series Supplemental Indenture;

     (c) in case it shall be stated pursuant to clause (3) of the foregoing subsection
(b) that the certificate of an independent engineer, appraiser or other expert will be
furnished under this subsection, such certificate, dated not more than 30 days

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 83 -

prior to the application for such release, stating the fair value, in said
engineer’s, appraiser’s or other expert’s opinion, of the Property to be released, and
stating also that, in the opinion of said engineer, appraiser or other expert the proposed
release will not impair the security under the Collateral Documents in contravention of the
provisions thereof; and

          (d) an Opinion of Counsel stating that the instruments which have been or are
therewith delivered to the Trustee conform to the requirements of the Collateral Documents
and this Indenture, including this Section 15.2 and that the Property in question may be
lawfully released from the Lien of the Collateral Documents.

          SECTION 15.3 Release of Lien on Equity Interests of Subsidiaries.

          (a) So long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, in the event
that, following the Issue Date and the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate described in paragraph
(b) below, (i) any of the Company’s Subsidiaries
incurs Non-Recourse Debt, (ii) such Non-Recourse Debt requires the pledge of any Equity Interests of such Subsidiary to
secure such Non-Recourse Debt and (iii) such Equity Interests have previously been made subject to
the Lien of this Indenture and the Collateral Documents in accordance with Section 4.17 of this
Indenture, then the Equity Interests of such Subsidiary required to be pledged shall be released
from the Lien created by this Indenture and the Collateral Documents in accordance with the
provisions of this Indenture, the Collateral Documents and the TIA, such release to be effective as
of the date such Equity Interests are pledged to secure such Non-Recourse Debt.

          (b) Upon the request of the Company pursuant to an Officers’ Certificate certifying that all
conditions precedent under paragraph (a) and this Indenture, the Trustee shall execute, deliver or
acknowledge any necessary or proper instruments of termination and release (prepared by the
Company) reasonably required to effect the release of any Equity Interests forming part of the
Collateral as provided in paragraph (a) above.

          SECTION 15.4 No Impairment of Continuing Security. The release of any Collateral from
the Lien of this Indenture, any Series Supplemental Indenture and the Collateral Documents in
accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of the Collateral Documents shall not be deemed to
impair the Liens of this Indenture and the Collateral Documents as to any Collateral not so
released.

          SECTION 15.5 Purchaser Protected. No purchaser in good faith of Property purporting to
be released herefrom or from the Collateral Documents shall be bound to ascertain the authority of
the Trustee to execute the release or to inquire as to the existence of any conditions herein
prescribed for the exercise of such authority; nor shall any purchaser or grantee of any Property
or rights permitted by this Article to be sold, granted or otherwise disposed of by the Company, be
under any obligation to ascertain or inquire into the authority of the Company to make any such
sale, grant or other disposition. Any release executed by the Trustee under this Article shall be
sufficient for the purposes of this Indenture and shall constitute a good and valid release of the
Property therein described from the Lien hereof.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 84 -

          SECTION 15.6 “Trust Moneys”. Any release of any item of the Collateral in
accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Article 15 shall also be deemed to be a release of
the proceeds of such Collateral unless such proceeds are required to be deposited with the Trustee
in accordance with any other provisions hereof or of any Collateral Document. All moneys (except
moneys deposited by the Company in satisfaction of any interest payment obligation or sinking fund,
mandatory redemption or analogous obligation with respect to payment of principal) if any, required
to be paid to the Trustee the disposition of which is not elsewhere herein otherwise specifically
provided for (all such moneys being herein sometimes called “Trust Moneys”) shall be held by the
Trustee as a part of the Collateral, may be withdrawn by the Company, and shall be paid or applied
by the Trustee, from time to time as provided in Sections 15.6 through 15.8 and the Collateral
Documents.

          SECTION 15.7 Powers Exercisable Notwithstanding Event of Default. In case an Event of
Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Trustee shall not be required to grant any
release or take any other action under any of the sections of this Article except with the consent
of the Majority Holders who have an interest in the Collateral.

          SECTION 15.8 Powers Exercisable by Trustee or Receiver. In case the Collateral (other
than cash and other personal Property held by, or required to be deposited or pledged with, the
Trustee hereunder) shall be in the possession of a receiver or trustee lawfully appointed, the
powers in this Article conferred upon the Company with respect to releases and the withdrawal or
application of Trust Moneys may be exercised by such receiver or trustee, in which case a written
request or order signed by said receiver or trustee shall be deemed the equivalent of any
resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company required by this Article, and a certificate
signed by such receiver or trustee shall be deemed the equivalent of any required Officers’
Certificate. If the Trustee shall be in possession of the Collateral under any provision of this
Indenture, such powers may be exercised by the Trustee in the discretion of the Trustee.

          SECTION 15.9 Investment of Moneys. Any Trust Moneys shall be invested or reinvested in
Permitted Investments at the written direction of an Authorized Representative of the Company to
the Trustee; provided, however, that the Trustee shall not cause investment of such monies
at any time when the maturity of any of the Notes has been accelerated and provided,
further, that at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of
Default, the Trustee may, but is not obligated to, (and, if instructed in writing by the Majority
Holders of Outstanding Notes of all series shall) in its (or their) discretion at any time and from
time to time elect to liquidate any such Permitted Investments (in an amount necessary to cure such
Event of Default) and apply or cause to be applied the proceeds thereof to the payment of the
principal of and interest on the Notes in the manner specified in the Collateral Documents. Such
investments shall mature in such amounts and have maturity dates or be subject to redemption at the
option of the holder thereof on or prior to maturity as needed for the purposes of such funds. Any
profit realized from investments of Trust Moneys shall be held and applied as additional Trust
Moneys. In no event shall the Trustee or the Securities Intermediary be liable for the selection of
Permitted Investments or for investment losses incurred thereon. Neither the Trustee nor the
Securities Intermediary shall have liability in respect of losses incurred as a result of the
liquidation of any Permitted Investment prior to its stated maturity or the failure of the Company
to provide timely written investment direction, except to the extent such losses were

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 85 -

due to the gross negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee or the Securities Intermediary.
Neither the Trustee nor the Securities Intermediary shall have any obligation to invest or reinvest
any amounts held hereunder in the absence of written investment direction.

ARTICLE 16

LIMITATION ON LIABILITY

          SECTION 16.1 Limitation on Liability. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary
contained in this Indenture or the Notes or the Collateral Documents, the liability and obligation
of the Company to perform and observe and make good the obligations contained in this Indenture and
the Notes and the Collateral Documents and to pay the Indebtedness issued hereunder in accordance
with the provisions of this Indenture and the Notes (such liability and obligation being herein
referred to as the “Company’s Obligations”), or any part thereof, or any claim based thereon or
otherwise in respect thereof shall not (except as expressly provided in the last paragraph of this
Section 16.1) be enforced by any action or proceeding wherein damages or any money judgment or any
deficiency judgment or any judgment establishing any personal obligation or liability shall be
sought, collected or otherwise obtained against any Member, any parent of a Member or any past,
present or future partner, officer, director, shareholder, incorporator, Affiliate or related
Person of any Member or the Company (each such Member, parent of a Member and past, present or
future partner, officer, director or shareholder, incorporator, Affiliate or related Person being
herein referred to as a “Related Person”), and (except as expressly provided in the last paragraph
of this Section 16.1) each of the Trustee, the Holders and any Person acting on behalf of the
Trustee or the Holders, for itself and its successors and assigns, irrevocably waives any and all
right to sue for, seek or demand any such damages, money judgment, deficiency judgment or personal
judgment against any Related Person under or by reason of or in connection with the Company’s
Obligations, or any part thereof, or any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof and
(except as expressly provided in the last paragraph of this Section 16.1) agrees to look solely to
the Company and Collateral held under or in connection with the Collateral Documents for the
enforcement of the Company’s Obligations.

          Nothing contained in this Section 16.1 shall be construed (i) as preventing the Trustee, the
Holders and any Person acting on behalf of the Trustee or the Holders from naming the Company or a
Related Person in any action or proceeding brought by the Trustee, the Holders and any Person
acting on behalf of the Trustee or the Holders to enforce and to realize upon or the Collateral
purported to be provided by such Related Persons under or in connection with the Collateral
Documents so long as no judgment, order, decree or other relief in the nature of a personal or
deficiency judgment or otherwise establishing any personal obligation under or by reason of or in
connection with the Company’s Obligations, or any part thereof, or any claim based thereon or
otherwise in respect thereof shall be asked for, taken, entered or enforced against any Related
Person, in any such action or proceeding, (ii) as modifying, qualifying or affecting in any manner
whatsoever the Lien and security interests created by this Indenture and the Collateral Documents
and the other Financing Documents or the enforcement thereof by the Holders or the Trustee or any
Person acting on behalf of the Holders or the Trustee, (iii) as

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 86 -

modifying, qualifying or affecting in any manner whatsoever the personal recourse undertakings,
obligations and liabilities of any Person (including, without limitation, any Related Person) under
any capital contribution agreement, any guaranty of payment, completion guaranty or any guaranty or
indemnification agreement now or hereafter executed and delivered to the Trustee, the Holders or
any Person acting on behalf of the Trustee or the Holders in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Indenture or (iv) as modifying, qualifying or affecting in any manner
whatsoever the personal recourse liability of any Related Person, or any other Person for fraud or
willful misrepresentation or any wrongful misappropriation or diversion of any portion of the
Collateral.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

- 87 -

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Indenture to be duly executed by their
respective officers thereunto duly authorized as of the day and year first above written.

	 	 	 	 	 
	 	AMERICAN REF-FUEL COMPANY LLC

 	 
	 	By:  	/s/ Michael J. Gruppuso
 	 
	 	 	Name:  	Michael J. Gruppuso 	 
	 	 	Title:  	Vice President

Chief financial Officer 	 
	 

	 	 	 	 	 
	 	WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL 

ASSOCIATION, as Trustee 

 	 
	 	By:  	/s/
Paul O’Brien
 	 
	 	 	Name:  	PAUL O’BRIEN 	 
	 	 	Title:  	Assistant Vice President 	 
	 

	 	 	 	 	 
	 	WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL 

ASSOCIATION, as Securities Intermediary 

 	 
	 	By:  	/s/
Paul O’Brien
 	 
	 	 	Name:  	PAUL O’BRIEN 	 
	 	 	Title:  	Assistant Vice President 	 
	 

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

 

- 88 -

SCHEDULE A

Permitted Liens 

None.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

 

 

SCHEDULE B

PURCHASED INTERCOMPANY DEBT

	1.	 	Subordinated Note(s) of American Ref-Fuel Company of Essex County, L.P.
dated April 1,1990 in the amount of $32,120,102.92 held by Duke/UAE Essex
LLC.
	 
	2.	 	Subordinated Note(s) of American Ref-Fuel Company of Hempstead, L.P. dated
October 1, 1989 in the amount of $14,669,702.85 held by Duke/UAE Hempstead
LLC.
	 
	3.	 	Subordinated Note(s) of American Ref-Fuel Company of Niagara, L.P. dated
August 9,1993 and dated May 5, 1993 in the aggregate amount of
$21,972,322.98 held by Duke/UAE Niagara LLC.
	 
	4.	 	Subordinated Note(s) of American Ref-Fuel Company of Southeastern
Connecticut dated September 1, 1992 in the amount of $11,361,940.19 held by
Duke/UAE SECONN LLC.

 

 

SCHEDULE C

Leases

Amended and Restated Lease Agreement, dated as of April 30, 1997, among Fleet National Bank,
American Ref-Fuel Company of Delaware, L.P., and Delaware Resource Management, Inc.

American Ref-Fuel Company LLC Indenture

Source: [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00099-of-00352.parquet"}, [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00099-of-00352.parquet"}]]