Document:

Exhibit 4.5

 

	 

AVENUE THERAPEUTICS, INC.

 

FORM OF

INDENTURE

 

Dated as of

[    ], 20[ ]

 

DEBT SECURITIES

[___]

Trustee

 

	 

     

     

    

 

CROSS REFERENCE SHEET

Cross-reference sheet of provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and this indenture*

 

	
        Trust Indenture

        Act Section
	 	Indenture Section
	§310	 	(a)	 	 	11.04(a), 16.02
	 	 	(b)	 	 	11.01(f), 11.04(b), 11.05(1), 16.02
	 	 	(b)(1)	 	 	11.04(b), 16.02
	§311	 	 	 	 	11.01(f), 16.02
	§312	 	 	 	 	14.02(d), 16.02
	 	 	(b)	 	 	11.10, 16.02
	 	 	(c)	 	 	11.10, 16.02
	§313	 	(a)	 	 	10.01(a), 16.02
	§314	 	 	 	 	16.02
	§315	 	(e)	 	 	11.05, 16.02
	§316	 	 	 	 	16.02
	§317	 	 	 	 	16.02
	§317	 	 	 	 	16.02

 

	*	This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.  Attention should also be directed to Section 318(c) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, which provides that the provisions of Sections 310 to and including 317 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 are a part of and govern every qualified indenture, whether or not physically contained therein.  

 

    	 	ii 	 

     

    

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

	
        Article I

        DEFINITIONS

	 	 	 
	Section 1.01	Definitions	1
	 	 	 
	Article II

FORMS OF SECURITIES
	 	 	 
	Section 2.01	Terms of the Securities	11
	Section 2.02	Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication	12
	 	 	 
	Article III

THE DEBT SECURITIES
	 	 	 
	Section 3.01	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series	12
	Section 3.02	Denominations	15
	Section 3.03	Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating	15
	Section 3.04	Temporary Securities	17
	Section 3.05	Registrar and Paying Agent	18
	Section 3.06	Transfer and Exchange	18
	Section 3.07	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities	22
	Section 3.08	Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved	23
	Section 3.09	Cancellation	24
	Section 3.10	Computation of Interest	24
	Section 3.11	Currency of Payments in Respect of Securities	24
	Section 3.12	Judgments	25
	Section 3.13	CUSIP Numbers	25
	 	 	 
	
        Article IV

        REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

	 	 	 
	Section 4.01	Applicability of Right of Redemption	26
	Section 4.02	Selection of Securities to be Redeemed	26
	Section 4.03	Notice of Redemption	26
	Section 4.04	Deposit of Redemption Price	27
	Section 4.05	Securities Payable on Redemption Date	27
	Section 4.06	Securities Redeemed in Part	28
	 	 	 
	
        Article V

        SINKING FUNDS

	 	 	 
	Section 5.01	Applicability of Sinking Fund	28
	Section 5.02	Mandatory Sinking Fund Obligation	28
	Section 5.03	Optional Redemption at Sinking Fund Redemption Price	29
	Section 5.04	Application of Sinking Fund Payment	29

 

    	 	iii 	 

     

    

  

	Article VI
	PARTICULAR COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY
	 	 	 
	Section 6.01	Payments of Securities	30
	Section 6.02	Paying Agent	30
	Section 6.03	To Hold Payment in Trust	31
	Section 6.04	Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Assets	32
	Section 6.05	Compliance Certificate	33
	Section 6.06	Conditional Waiver by Holders of Securities	33
	Section 6.07	Statement by Officers as to Default	33
	 	 	 
	
        Article VII

        REMEDIES OF TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS

	 	 	 
	Section 7.01	Events of Default	34
	Section 7.02	Acceleration; Rescission and Annulment	35
	Section 7.03	Other Remedies	37
	Section 7.04	Trustee as Attorney-in-Fact	38
	Section 7.05	Priorities	38
	Section 7.06	Control by Securityholders; Waiver of Past Defaults	39
	Section 7.07	Limitation on Suits	39
	Section 7.08	Undertaking for Costs	40
	Section 7.09	Remedies Cumulative	40
	 	 	 
	Article VIII
	CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS
	 	 	 
	Section 8.01	Evidence of Action of Securityholders	41
	Section 8.02	Proof of Execution or Holding of Securities	41
	Section 8.03	Persons Deemed Owners	42
	Section 8.04	Effect of Consents	42
	 	 	 
	Article IX
	SECURITYHOLDERS’ MEETINGS
	 	 	 
	Section 9.01	Purposes of Meetings	42
	Section 9.02	Call of Meetings by Trustee	42
	Section 9.03	Call of Meetings by Company or Securityholders	43
	Section 9.04	Qualifications for Voting	43
	Section 9.05	Regulation of Meetings	43
	Section 9.06	Voting	44
	Section 9.07	No Delay of Rights by Meeting	44
	 	 	 
	Article X
	REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE AND
	SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS
	 	 	 
	Section 10.01	Reports by Trustee	44

    	 	iv 	 

     

    

 

	Section 10.02	Reports by the Company	45
	Section 10.03	Securityholders’ Lists	45
	 	 	 
	
        Article XI

        CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE  

	 
	Section 11.01	Rights of Trustees; Compensation and Indemnity	46
	Section 11.02	Duties of Trustee	48
	Section 11.03	Notice of Defaults	50
	Section 11.04	Eligibility; Disqualification	50
	Section 11.05	Registration and Notice; Removal	50
	Section 11.06	Successor Trustee by Appointment	51
	Section 11.07	Successor Trustee by Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business	53
	Section 11.08	Right to Rely on Officer’s Certificate	53
	Section 11.09	Appointment of Authenticating Agent	53
	Section 11.10	Communications by Securityholders with Other Securityholders	54
	 	 	 
	Article XII

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
	 	 	 
	Section 12.01	Applicability of Article	55
	Section 12.02	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture	55
	Section 12.03	Defeasance upon Deposit of Moneys or U.S. Government Obligations	56
	Section 12.04	Repayment to Company	57
	Section 12.05	Indemnity for U.S. Government Obligations	57
	Section 12.06	Deposits to Be Held in Escrow	58
	Section 12.07	Application of Trust Money	58
	Section 12.08	Deposits of Non-U.S. Currencies	59
	 	 	 
	Article XIII

IMMUNITY OF CERTAIN PERSONS
	 	 	 
	Section 13.01	No Personal Liability	59
	 	 	 
	Article XIV

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
	 	 	 
	Section 14.01	Without Consent of Securityholders	59
	Section 14.02	With Consent of Securityholders; Limitations	61
	Section 14.03	Trustee Protected	62
	Section 14.04	Effect of Execution of Supplemental Indenture	63
	Section 14.05	Notation on or Exchange of Securities	63
	Section 14.06	Conformity with TIA	63

    	 	v 	 

     

    

 

	Article XV

SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES
	 	 	 
	Section 15.01	Agreement to Subordinate	63
	Section 15.02	Distribution on Dissolution, Liquidation and Reorganization; Subrogation of Securities	63
	Section 15.03	No Payment on Securities in Event of Default on Senior Indebtedness	65
	Section 15.04	Payments on Securities Permitted	65
	Section 15.05	Authorization of Securityholders to Trustee to Effect Subordination	66
	Section 15.06	Notices to Trustee	66
	Section 15.07	Trustee as Holder of Senior Indebtedness	66
	Section 15.08	Modifications of Terms of Senior Indebtedness	67
	Section 15.09	Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent	67
	Section 15.10	Satisfaction and Discharge; Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance	67
	Section 15.11	Trustee Not Fiduciary for Holders of Senior Indebtedness	67
	 	 	 
	Article XVI

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
	 	 	 
	Section 16.01	Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent	68
	Section 16.02	Trust Indenture Act Controls	69
	Section 16.03	Notices to the Company and Trustee	69
	Section 16.04	Notices to Securityholders; Waiver	69
	Section 16.05	Legal Holiday	70
	Section 16.06	Effects of Headings and Table of Contents	70
	Section 16.07	Successors and Assigns	70
	Section 16.08	Separability Clause	70
	Section 16.09	Benefits of Indenture	70
	Section 16.10	Counterparts Originals	70
	Section 16.11	Governing Law; Waiver of Trial by Jury	70

 

    	 	vi 	 

     

    

  

INDENTURE dated as
of __________, 20__, among Avenue Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and , as trustee (the
“Trustee”).

 

WITNESSETH:

 

WHEREAS, the Company
has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of secured or unsecured debentures,
notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness (the “Securities”) in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be
issued from time to time in one or more series as provided in this Indenture; and

 

WHEREAS, all things
necessary to make this Indenture a valid and legally binding agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been
done.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, THIS
INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

 

That, in consideration
of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof for the equal and proportionate benefit of all of the
present and future Holders of the Securities, each party agrees and covenants as follows:

 

Article
I

DEFINITIONS

 

For all purposes of
this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

 

(a)          the
terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

 

(b)          unless
otherwise defined in this Indenture or the context otherwise requires, all terms used herein without definition which are defined
in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein; and

 

(c)          the
words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture
as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision;

 

(d)          references
to “Article” or “Section” or other subdivision herein are references to an Article, Section or other subdivision
of the Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires.

 

Section 1.01         Definitions.

 

Unless the context
otherwise requires, the terms defined in this Section 1.01 shall for all purposes of this Indenture have the meanings hereinafter
set forth:

 

Affiliate: 

 

The term “Affiliate”
with respect to any specified Person shall mean any other Person, directly or indirectly, controlling or controlled by or under
direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used
with respect to any Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether
through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled”
have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

 

    	 	1 	 

     

    

 

Authenticating Agent: 

 

The term “Authenticating
Agent” shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 11.09.

 

Board of Directors: 

 

The term “Board
of Directors” shall mean the board of directors of the Company or any committee thereof duly authorized to act on behalf
of such board.

 

Board Resolution: 

 

The term “Board
Resolution” shall mean a copy of a resolution or resolutions certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the
Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors (or by a committee of the Board of Directors to the extent that any
such other committee has been authorized by the Board of Directors to establish or approve the matters contemplated) and to be
in full force and effect on the date of such certification and delivered to the Trustee.

 

Business Day: 

 

The term “Business
Day” shall mean each day which is not a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions are not required to be
open in the State of New York.

 

Capital Stock: 

 

The term “Capital
Stock” of any Person shall mean any and all shares, interests (including partnership interests), rights to purchase, warrants,
options, participations or other equivalents of or interests in (however designated) equity of such Person, including any Preferred
Stock, but excluding any debt securities convertible into such equity.

 

Code: 

 

The term “Code”
shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as in effect on the date hereof.

 

Company: 

 

The term “Company”
shall mean the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Person shall
have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such
successor Person.

 

    	 	2 	 

     

    

 

Company Order: 

 

The term “Company
Order” shall mean a written order signed in the name of the Company by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive
Officer, Chief Financial Officer, President, Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President, Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, Controller,
Assistant Controller, Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee.

 

Corporate Trust Office: 

 

The term “Corporate
Trust Office,” or other similar term, shall mean the principal office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its
corporate trust business shall be administered, which office at the date hereof is located at , or such other address as the Trustee
may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of any successor
Trustee (or such other address as such successor Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company).

 

Currency: 

 

The term “Currency”
shall mean U.S. Dollars or Foreign Currency.

 

Default: 

 

The term “Default”
shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 11.03.

 

Defaulted Interest: 

 

The term “Defaulted
Interest” shall have the same meaning assigned to it in Section 3.08(b).

 

Depositary: 

 

The term “Depositary”
shall mean, with respect to the Securities of any series issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities,
the Person designated as Depositary for such series by the Company pursuant to Section 3.01 until a successor Depositary shall
have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Depositary” shall mean or
include each Person who is then a Depositary hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Depositary”
as used with respect to the Securities of any such series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of that series.

 

Designated Currency: 

 

The term “Designated
Currency” shall have the same meaning assigned to it in Section 3.12.

 

Discharged: 

 

The term “Discharged”
shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 12.03.

 

    	 	3 	 

     

    

 

Event of Default: 

 

The term “Event
of Default” shall have the meaning specified in Section 7.01.

 

Exchange Act: 

 

The term “Exchange
Act” shall mean the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated
by the SEC thereunder and any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

 

Exchange Rate: 

 

The term “Exchange
Rate” shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 7.01.

 

Floating Rate Security: 

 

The term “Floating
Rate Security” shall mean a Security that provides for the payment of interest at a variable rate determined periodically
by reference to an interest rate index specified pursuant to Section 3.01.

 

Foreign Currency: 

 

The term “Foreign
Currency” shall mean a currency issued by the government of any country other than the United States or a composite currency,
the value of which is determined by reference to the values of the currencies of any group of countries.

 

GAAP: 

 

The term “GAAP”
shall mean generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America as in effect as of the date of issuance of
any series of Securities, including those set forth in:

 

(1)         the
opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants;

 

(2)         statements
and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board;

 

(3)         such
other statements by such other entity as approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession; and

 

(4)         the
rules and regulations of the SEC governing the inclusion of financial statements (including pro forma financial statements) in
periodic reports required to be filed pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, including opinions and pronouncements in
staff accounting bulletins and similar written statements from the accounting staff of the SEC.

 

    	 	4 	 

     

    

 

Global Security: 

 

The term “Global
Security” shall mean any Security that evidences all or part of a series of Securities, issued in fully-registered certificated
form to the Depositary for such series in accordance with Section 3.03 and bearing the legend prescribed in Section 3.03(g).

 

Holder; Holder of Securities: 

 

The terms “Holder”
and “Holder of Securities” are defined under “Securityholder; Holder of Securities; Holder.”

 

Indebtedness: 

 

The term “Indebtedness”
shall mean any and all obligations of a Person for money borrowed which, in accordance with GAAP, would be reflected on the balance
sheet of such Person as a liability on the date as of which Indebtedness is to be determined.

 

Indenture: 

 

The term “Indenture”
or “this Indenture” shall mean this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented
or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, including,
for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed
to be a part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, respectively. The term “Indenture”
shall also include the terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 3.01; provided, however,
that if at any time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under this Indenture due to the appointment of one or more separate
Trustees for any one or more separate series of Securities, “Indenture” shall mean, with respect to such series of
Securities for which any such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented
or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and shall include
the terms of particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established as contemplated by Section 3.01,
exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of Securities for which such Person is not Trustee,
regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted, and exclusive of any provisions or terms adopted by means of one or more
indentures supplemental hereto executed and delivered after such person had become such Trustee, but to which such person, as such
Trustee, was not a party; provided, further that in the event that this Indenture is supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto which are only applicable to certain series of Securities, the term “Indenture” for a particular
series of Securities shall only include the supplemental indentures applicable thereto.

 

Individual Securities: 

 

The term “Individual
Securities” shall have the meaning specified in Section 3.01(p).

 

    	 	5 	 

     

    

 

Interest: 

 

The term “interest”
shall mean, unless the context otherwise requires, interest payable on any Securities, and with respect to an Original Issue Discount
Security that by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, interest payable after Maturity.

 

Interest Payment Date: 

 

The term “Interest
Payment Date” shall mean, with respect to any Security, the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

 

Mandatory Sinking Fund Payment: 

 

The term “Mandatory
Sinking Fund Payment” shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 5.01(b).

 

Maturity: 

 

The term “Maturity,”
with respect to any Security, shall mean the date on which the principal of such Security shall become due and payable as therein
and herein provided, whether by declaration, call for redemption or otherwise.

 

Members: 

 

The term “Members”
shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 3.03(i).

 

Officer’s Certificate: 

 

The term “Officer’s
Certificate” shall mean a certificate signed by any of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, Chief
Financial Officer, President or a Vice President, Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, Controller, Secretary or an Assistant Secretary
of the Company and delivered to the Trustee. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 16.01
if and to the extent required by the provisions of such Section.

 

Opinion of Counsel: 

 

The term “Opinion
of Counsel” shall mean an opinion in writing signed by legal counsel, who may be an employee of or of counsel to the Company,
or may be other counsel that meets the requirements provided for in Section 16.01, each reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

 

Optional Sinking Fund Payment: 

 

The term “Optional
Sinking Fund Payment” shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 5.01(b).

 

Original Issue Discount Security: 

 

The term “Original
Issue Discount Security” shall mean any Security that is issued with “original issue discount” within the meaning
of Section 1273(a) of the Code and the regulations thereunder and any other Security designated by the Company as issued with
original issue discount for United States federal income tax purposes.

 

    	 	6 	 

     

    

 

Outstanding: 

 

The term “Outstanding,”
when used with respect to Securities means, as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture, except:

 

(a)          Securities
theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

 

(b)          Securities
or portions thereof for which payment or redemption money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee
or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall
act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities or Securities as to which the Company’s obligations have
been Discharged; provided, however, that if such Securities or portions thereof are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has
been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; and

 

(c)          Securities
that have been paid pursuant to Section 3.07(b) or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated
and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to
a Responsible Officer of the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a protected purchaser in whose hands
such Securities are valid obligations of the Company;

 

provided, however, that in determining
whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Securities of a series Outstanding have performed any action hereunder,
Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities of such series or any Affiliate of the Company or of such
other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected
in relying upon any such action, only Securities of such series that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be
so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the
pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right to act with respect to such Securities and that
the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor.
In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of a series have performed any action
hereunder, the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purpose
shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration
of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 7.02 and the principal amount of a Security denominated in a Foreign
Currency that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purpose shall be the amount calculated pursuant to Section 3.11(b).

 

Paying Agent: 

 

The term “Paying
Agent” shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 6.02(a).

 

    	 	7 	 

     

    

 

Person:

 

The term “Person”
shall mean an individual, a corporation, a limited liability company, a partnership, an association, a joint stock company, a trust,
an unincorporated organization or a government or an agency or political subdivision thereof.

 

Place of Payment: 

 

The term “Place
of Payment” shall mean, when used with respect to the Securities of any series, the place or places where the principal of
and premium, if any, and interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified pursuant to Section 3.01.

 

Predecessor Security: 

 

The term “Predecessor
Security” shall mean, with respect to any Security, every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt
as that evidenced by such particular Security, and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered
under Section 3.07 in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost,
destroyed or stolen Security.

 

Preferred Stock: 

 

The term “Preferred
Stock”, as applied to the Capital Stock of any Person, shall mean Capital Stock of any class or classes (however designated)
which is preferred as to the payment of dividends or distributions, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or involuntary
liquidation or dissolution of such Person, over shares of Capital Stock of any other class of such Person.

 

Record Date: 

 

The term “Record
Date” shall mean, with respect to any interest payable on any Security on any Interest Payment Date, the close of business
on any date specified in such Security for the payment of interest pursuant to Section 3.01.

 

Redemption Date: 

 

The term “Redemption
Date” shall mean, when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, in whole or in part, the date fixed for such redemption
by or pursuant to this Indenture and the terms of such Security, which, in the case of a Floating Rate Security, unless otherwise
specified pursuant to Section 3.01, shall be an Interest Payment Date only.

 

Redemption Price: 

 

The term “Redemption
Price,” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, in whole or in part, shall mean the price at which it is to
be redeemed pursuant to the terms of the Security and this Indenture.

 

Register: 

 

The term “Register”
shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 3.05(a).

 

    	 	8 	 

     

    

 

Registrar: 

 

The term “Registrar”
shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 3.05(a).

 

Responsible Officers: 

 

The term “Responsible
Officers” of the Trustee hereunder shall mean any vice president, any assistant vice president, any trust officer, any assistant
trust officer or any other officer associated with the corporate trust department of the Trustee customarily performing functions
similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers, and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust
matter, any other officer of the Trustee to whom such matter is referred because of such person’s knowledge of and familiarity
with the particular subject and who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.

 

SEC: 

 

The term “SEC”
shall mean the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, as constituted from time to time.

 

Securities Act: 

 

The term “Securities
Act” shall mean the United States Securities Act of 1933 and the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder
and any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

 

Security: 

 

The term “Security”
or “Securities” shall have the meaning stated in the recitals and shall more particularly mean one or more of the Securities
duly authenticated by the Trustee and delivered pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture.

 

Security Custodian: 

 

The term “Security
Custodian” shall mean the custodian with respect to any Global Security appointed by the Depositary, or any successor Person
thereto, and shall initially be the Paying Agent.

 

Securityholder; Holder of Securities;
Holder: 

 

The term “Securityholder”
or “Holder of Securities” or “Holder,” shall mean the Person in whose name Securities shall be registered
in the Register kept for that purpose hereunder.

 

    	 	9 	 

     

    

 

Senior Indebtedness: 

 

The term “Senior
Indebtedness” means the principal of (and premium, if any) and unpaid interest on (x) Indebtedness of the Company, whether
outstanding on the date hereof or thereafter created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed, for money borrowed other than (a) any
Indebtedness of the Company which when incurred, and without respect to any election under Section 1111(b) of the Federal
Bankruptcy Code, was without recourse to the Company, (b) any Indebtedness of the Company to any of its Subsidiaries, (c) Indebtedness
to any employee of the Company, (d) any liability for taxes, (e) Trade Payables and (f) any Indebtedness of the
Company which is expressly subordinate in right of payment to any other Indebtedness of the Company, and (y) renewals, extensions,
modifications and refundings of any such Indebtedness. For purposes of the foregoing and the definition of “Senior Indebtedness,”
the phrase “subordinated in right of payment” means debt subordination only and not lien subordination, and accordingly,
(i) unsecured indebtedness shall not be deemed to be subordinated in right of payment to secured indebtedness merely by virtue
of the fact that it is unsecured, and (ii) junior liens, second liens and other contractual arrangements that provide for
priorities among Holders of the same or different issues of indebtedness with respect to any collateral or the proceeds of collateral
shall not constitute subordination in right of payment. This definition may be modified or superseded by a supplemental indenture.

 

Special Record Date: 

 

The term “Special
Record Date” shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 3.08(b)(i).

 

Stated Maturity: 

 

The term “Stated
Maturity” when used with respect to any Security or any installment of interest thereon, shall mean the date specified in
such Security as the fixed date on which the principal (or any portion thereof) of or premium, if any, on such Security or such
installment of interest is due and payable.

 

Subsidiary: 

 

The term “Subsidiary”
shall mean, with respect to any Person, any corporation, association, partnership or other business entity of which more than 50%
of the total voting power of all classes of Capital Stock of such Person then outstanding and normally entitled (without regard
to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees is at the time owned or controlled,
directly or indirectly, by:

 

(1)         such
Person;

 

(2)         such
Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person; or

 

(3)         one
or more Subsidiaries of such Person.

 

Successor Company: 

 

The term “Successor
Company” shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 3.06(i).

 

Trade Payables: 

 

The term “Trade
Payables” means accounts payable or any other Indebtedness or monetary obligations to trade creditors created or assumed
by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company in the ordinary course of business (including guarantees thereof or instruments
evidencing such liabilities).

 

    	 	10 	 

     

    

 

Trust Indenture Act; TIA: 

 

The term “Trust
Indenture Act” or “TIA” shall mean the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the rules and regulations
thereunder as in effect on the date of this Indenture, except as provided in Section 14.06 and except to the extent any amendment
to the Trust Indenture Act expressly provides for application of the Trust Indenture Act as in effect on another date.

 

Trustee: 

 

The term “Trustee”
shall mean the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Trustee shall
have become such with respect to one or more series of Securities pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and
thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is
more than one such Person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with
respect to Securities of that series.

 

U.S. Dollars: 

 

The term “U.S.
Dollars” shall mean such currency of the United States as at the time of payment shall be legal tender for the payment of
public and private debts.

 

U.S. Government Obligations: 

 

The term “U.S.
Government Obligations” shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 12.03.

 

United States: 

 

The term “United
States” shall mean the United States of America (including the States and the District of Columbia), its territories and
its possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction.

 

Article
II

FORMS OF SECURITIES

 

Section 2.01         Terms
of the Securities.

 

(a)          The
Securities of each series shall be substantially in the form set forth in a Company Order or in one or more indentures supplemental
hereto, and shall have such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted
by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements
placed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may
be required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities
exchange on which any series of the Securities may be listed or of any automated quotation system on which any such series may
be quoted, or to conform to usage, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities as conclusively evidenced by their
execution of such Securities.

 

    	 	11 	 

     

    

 

 

(b)          The
terms and provisions of the Securities shall constitute, and are hereby expressly made, a part of this Indenture, and, to the extent
applicable, the Company and the Trustee, by their execution and delivery of this Indenture expressly agree to such terms and provisions
and to be bound thereby.

 

Section 2.02         Form
of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication.

 

(a)          Only
such of the Securities as shall bear thereon a certificate substantially in the form of the Trustee’s certificate of authentication
hereinafter recited, executed by the Trustee by manual signature, shall be valid or become obligatory for any purpose or entitle
the Holder thereof to any right or benefit under this Indenture.

 

(b)          Each
Security shall be dated the date of its authentication, except that any Global Security shall be dated as of the date specified
as contemplated in Section 3.01.

 

Article
III

THE DEBT SECURITIES

 

Section 3.01         Amount
Unlimited; Issuable in Series. The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be set forth in a Company Order or
in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series:

 

(a)          the
title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of such series from the Securities of all other series,
except to the extent that additional Securities of an existing series are being issued);

 

(b)          any
limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
(except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of such
series pursuant to Section 3.04, 3.06, 3.07, 4.06, or 14.05);

 

(c)          the
dates on which or periods during which the Securities of the series may be issued, and the dates on, or the range of dates within,
which the principal of and premium, if any, on the Securities of such series are or may be payable or the method by which such
date or dates shall be determined or extended;

 

(d)          the
rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or the method by which such rate or rates shall
be determined, whether such interest shall be payable in cash or additional Securities of the same series or shall accrue and increase
the aggregate principal amount outstanding of such series (including if such Securities were originally issued at a discount),
the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, the Interest
Payment Dates on which any such interest shall be payable, and the Record Dates for the determination of Holders to whom interest
is payable on such Interest Payment Dates or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, the right, if any, to
extend or defer interest payments and the duration of such extension or deferral;

 

    	 	12 	 

     

    

 

(e)          if
other than U.S. Dollars, the Foreign Currency in which Securities of the series shall be denominated or in which payment of the
principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of the series shall be payable and any other terms concerning such
payment;

 

(f)          if
the amount of payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of the series may be determined with reference
to an index, formula or other method including, but not limited to, an index based on a Currency or Currencies other than that
in which the Securities are stated to be payable, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

 

(g)          if
the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on Securities of the series are to be payable, at the election of the Company or
a Holder thereof, in a Currency other than that in which the Securities are denominated or stated to be payable without such election,
the period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made and the time and the manner
of determining the exchange rate between the Currency in which the Securities are denominated or payable without such election
and the Currency in which the Securities are to be paid if such election is made;

 

(h)          the
place or places, if any, in addition to or instead of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee where the principal of, premium,
if any, and interest on Securities of the series shall be payable, and where Securities of any series may be presented for registration
of transfer, exchange or conversion, and the place or places where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the
Securities of such series may be made;

 

(i)          the
price or prices at which, the period or periods within which or the date or dates on which, and the terms and conditions upon which
Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, if the Company is to have that option;

 

(j)          the
obligation or right, if any, of the Company to redeem, purchase or repay Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund,
amortization or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the price or prices at which, the period or periods
within which or the date or dates on which, the Currency or Currencies in which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities
of the series shall be redeemed, purchased or repaid, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

 

(k)          if
other than denominations of $2,000 or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall
be issuable;

 

(l)          if
other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the series which shall be payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 7.02;

 

    	 	13 	 

     

    

 

(m)          the
guarantors, if any, of the Securities of the series, and the extent of the guarantees (including provisions relating to seniority,
subordination, and the release of the guarantors), if any, and any additions or changes to permit or facilitate guarantees of such
Securities;

 

(n)          Whether
the Securities of the series are to be issued as Original Issue Discount Securities and the amount of discount with which such
Securities may be issued;

 

(o)          provisions,
if any, for the defeasance of Securities of the series in whole or in part and any addition or change in the provisions related
to satisfaction and discharge;

 

(p)          whether
the Securities of the series are to be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and, in such case,
the Depositary for such Global Security or Global Securities, and the terms and conditions, if any, upon which interests in such
Global Security or Global Securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for the Individual Securities represented thereby in
definitive form registered in the name or names of Persons other than such Depositary or a nominee or nominees thereof (“Individual
Securities”);

 

(q)          the
date as of which any Global Security of the series shall be dated if other than the original issuance of the first Security of
the series to be issued;

 

(r)          the
form of the Securities of the series;

 

(s)          if
the Securities of the series are to be convertible into or exchangeable for any securities or property of any Person (including
the Company), the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, and any additions or
changes, if any, to permit or facilitate such conversion or exchange;

 

(t)          whether
the Securities of such series are subject to subordination and the terms of such subordination;

 

(u)          any
restriction or condition on the transferability of the Securities of such series;

 

(v)         any
addition or change in the provisions related to compensation and reimbursement of the Trustee which applies to Securities of such
series;

 

(w)          any
addition or change in the provisions related to supplemental indentures set forth in Sections 14.02 and 14.04 which applies to
Securities of such series;

 

(x)          provisions,
if any, granting special rights to Holders upon the occurrence of specified events;

 

(y)          any
addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the series and any change in the right of the
Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 7.02
and any addition or change in the provisions set forth in Article VII which applies to Securities of the series;

 

    	 	14 	 

     

    

 

(z)          any
addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Article VI which applies to Securities of the series;

 

(aa)         whether
the Securities of the series are to be secured or unsecured, and, if secured, the terms upon which the Securities of such series
shall be secured and any other additions or changes relating to such security; and

 

(bb)         any
other terms of the Securities of such series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of the TIA, but may modify,
amend, supplement or delete any of the terms of this Indenture with respect to such series).

 

All Securities of any
one series shall be substantially identical, except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided herein or set forth
in a Company Order or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto.

 

Section
3.02         Denominations. In the absence of any specification pursuant
to Section 3.01 with respect to Securities of any series, the Securities of such series shall be issuable only as
Securities in denominations of any integral multiple of $1,000, and shall be payable only in U.S. Dollars.

 

Section 3.03         Execution,
Authentication, Delivery and Dating.

 

(a)          The
Securities shall be executed in the name and on behalf of the Company by the manual or facsimile signature of its Chairman of the
Board of Directors, its Chief Executive Officer, President, one of its Vice Presidents or Treasurer. If the Person whose signature
is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated and delivered, the Security shall nevertheless
be valid.

 

(b)          At
any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series
executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of
such Securities and, if required pursuant to Section 3.01, a supplemental indenture or Company Order setting forth the terms
of the Securities of a series. The Trustee shall thereupon authenticate and deliver such Securities without any further action
by the Company. The Company Order shall specify the amount of Securities to be authenticated and the date on which the original
issue of Securities is to be authenticated.

 

(c)          In
authenticating the first Securities of any series and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation
to such Securities the Trustee shall receive, and (subject to Section 11.02) shall be fully protected in relying upon an Officer’s
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each prepared in accordance with Section 16.01 stating that the conditions precedent,
if any, provided for in the Indenture have been complied with.

 

(d)          The
Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver the Securities under this Section 3.03 if the issue of
the Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities
and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

 

    	 	15 	 

     

    

 

(e)          Each
Security shall be dated the date of its authentication, except as otherwise provided pursuant to Section 3.01 with respect
to the Securities of such series.

 

(f)          Notwithstanding
the provisions of Section 3.01 and of this Section 3.03, if all of the Securities of any series are not to be originally
issued at the same time, then the documents required to be delivered pursuant to this Section 3.03 must be delivered only
once prior to the authentication and delivery of the first Security of such series;

 

(g)          If
the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 3.01 that the Securities of a series are to be issued in whole or in part
in the form of one or more Global Securities, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver one
or more Global Securities that (i) shall represent an aggregate amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of such series to be represented by such Global Securities, (ii) shall be registered, if in registered form, in
the name of the Depositary for such Global Security or Global Securities or the nominee of such Depositary, (iii) shall be
delivered by the Trustee to such Depositary or pursuant to such Depositary’s instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend
substantially to the following effect:

 

“THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY
WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF THE
DEPOSITARY, WHICH MAY BE TREATED BY THE COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND ANY AGENT THEREOF AS OWNER AND HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY FOR ALL
PURPOSES.

 

UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY
AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND
ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITARY (AND ANY PAYMENT HEREON IS MADE TO THE NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS
REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITARY), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY
OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL SINCE THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, THE NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.

 

TRANSFERS OF THIS GLOBAL SECURITY SHALL
BE LIMITED TO TRANSFERS IN WHOLE, BUT NOT IN PART, BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY
TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A
NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY.”

 

The aggregate principal
amount of each Global Security may from time to time be increased or decreased by adjustments made on the records of the Security
Custodian, as provided in this Indenture.

 

    	 	16 	 

     

    

 

(h)          Each
Depositary designated pursuant to Section 3.01 for a Global Security in registered form must, at the time of its designation
and at all times while it serves as such Depositary, be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and any other applicable
statute or regulation.

 

(i)          Members
of, or participants in, the Depositary (“Members”) shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global
Security held on their behalf by the Depositary or by the Security Custodian under such Global Security, and the Depositary may
be treated by the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent and the Registrar and any of their agents as the absolute owner of such
Global Security for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee,
the Paying Agent or the Registrar or any of their agents from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization
furnished by the Depositary or impair, as between the Depositary and its Members, the operation of customary practices of the Depositary
governing the exercise of the rights of an owner of a beneficial interest in any Global Security. The Holder of a Global Security
may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including Members and Persons that may hold interests through Members, to
take any action that a Holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities.

 

(j)          No
Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on
such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in one of the forms provided for herein duly executed by the Trustee
or by an Authenticating Agent by manual or facsimile signature of an authorized signatory of the Trustee, and such certificate
upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered
hereunder and is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

 

Section 3.04         Temporary
Securities.

 

(a)          Pending
the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver, temporary Securities that are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise reproduced, in any authorized
denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, in registered form and
with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine,
as conclusively evidenced by their execution of such Securities. Any such temporary Security may be in the form of one or more
Global Securities, representing all or a portion of the Outstanding Securities of such series. Every such temporary Security shall
be executed by the Company and shall be authenticated and delivered by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially
the same manner, and with the same effect, as the definitive Security or Securities in lieu of which it is issued.

 

    	 	17 	 

     

    

 

(b)          If
temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of such series to be prepared without
unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall
be exchangeable for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of such temporary Securities at the office or agency of
the Company in a Place of Payment for such series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or
more temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor
a like principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor. Until so exchanged,
the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive
Securities of such series.

 

(c)          Upon
any exchange of a portion of a temporary Global Security for a definitive Global Security or for the Individual Securities represented
thereby pursuant to this Section 3.04 or Section 3.06, the temporary Global Security shall be endorsed by the Trustee
to reflect the reduction of the principal amount evidenced thereby, whereupon the principal amount of such temporary Global Security
shall be reduced for all purposes by the amount so exchanged and endorsed.

 

Section 3.05         Registrar
and Paying Agent.

 

(a)          The
Company will keep, at an office or agency to be maintained by it in a Place of Payment where Securities may be presented for registration
or presented and surrendered for registration of transfer or of exchange, and where Securities of any series that are convertible
or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, as applicable (the “Registrar”), a security register
for the registration and the registration of transfer or of exchange of the Securities (the registers maintained in such office
and in any other office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes collectively referred to as the “Register”),
as in this Indenture provided, which Register shall at all reasonable times be open for inspection by the Trustee. Such Register
shall be in written form or in any other form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable time. The Company
may have one or more co-Registrars; the term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar.

 

(b)          The
Company shall enter into an appropriate agency agreement with any Registrar or co-Registrar not a party to this Indenture. The
agreement shall implement the provisions of this Indenture that relate to such agent. The Company shall notify the Trustee of the
name and address of each such agent. If the Company fails to maintain a Registrar for any series, the Trustee shall act as such
and shall be entitled to appropriate compensation therefor pursuant to Section 11.01. The Company or any Affiliate thereof
may act as Registrar, co-Registrar or transfer agent.

 

(c)          The
Company hereby appoints the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office as Registrar in connection with the Securities and this Indenture,
until such time as another Person is appointed as such.

 

Section 3.06         Transfer
and Exchange.

 

(a)          Transfer.

 

(i)          Upon
surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of any series at the Registrar the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
or any Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee, one or more new Securities
of the same series for like aggregate principal amount of any authorized denomination or denominations. The transfer of any Security
shall not be valid as against the Company or the Trustee unless registered at the Registrar at the request of the Holder, or at
the request of his, her or its attorney duly authorized in writing.

 

    	 	18 	 

     

    

 

(ii)         
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section, unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for the Individual Securities
represented thereby, a Global Security representing all or a portion of the Securities of a series may not be transferred except
as a whole by the Depositary for such series to a nominee of such Depositary or by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary
or another nominee of such Depositary or by such Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary for such series or a
nominee of such successor Depositary.

 

(b)          Exchange.

 

(i)          At
the option of the Holder, Securities of any series (other than a Global Security, except as set forth below) may be exchanged for
other Securities of the same series for like aggregate principal amount of any authorized denomination or denominations, upon surrender
of the Securities to be exchanged at the Registrar.

 

(ii)         Whenever
any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the
Securities that the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

 

(c)          Exchange
of Global Securities for Individual Securities. Except as provided below, owners of beneficial interests in Global Securities will
not be entitled to receive Individual Securities.

 

(i)          Individual
Securities shall be issued to all owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security in exchange for such interests if: (A) at
any time the Depositary for the Securities of a series notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary
for the Securities of such series or if at any time the Depositary for the Securities of such series shall no longer be eligible
under Section 3.03(h) and, in each case, a successor Depositary is not appointed by the Company within 90 days of such notice,
or (B) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee and the Registrar an Officer’s Certificate stating that such
Global Security shall be so exchangeable.

 

In connection with
the exchange of an entire Global Security for Individual Securities pursuant to this subsection (c), such Global Security shall
be deemed to be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation, and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a
Company Order for the authentication and delivery of Individual Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver to each
beneficial owner identified by the Depositary in exchange for its beneficial interest in such Global Security, an equal aggregate
principal amount of Individual Securities of authorized denominations.

 

    	 	19 	 

     

    

 

(ii)         The
owner of a beneficial interest in a Global Security will be entitled to receive an Individual Security in exchange for such interest
if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing. Upon receipt by the Security Custodian and Registrar of instructions from
the Holder of a Global Security directing the Security Custodian and Registrar to (x) issue one or more Individual Securities
in the amounts specified to the owner of a beneficial interest in such Global Security and (y) debit or cause to be debited
an equivalent amount of beneficial interest in such Global Security, subject to the rules and regulations of the Depositary:

 

(A)         the
Security Custodian and Registrar shall notify the Company and the Trustee of such instructions, identifying the owner and amount
of such beneficial interest in such Global Security;

 

(B)         the
Company shall promptly execute and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of Individual
Securities of such series, shall authenticate and deliver to such beneficial owner Individual Securities in an equivalent amount
to such beneficial interest in such Global Security; and

 

(C)         the
Security Custodian and Registrar shall decrease such Global Security by such amount in accordance with the foregoing. In the event
that the Individual Securities are not issued to each such beneficial owner promptly after the Registrar has received a request
from the Holder of a Global Security to issue such Individual Securities, the Company expressly acknowledges, with respect to the
right of any Holder to pursue a remedy pursuant to Section 7.07 hereof, the right of any beneficial Holder of Securities to
pursue such remedy with respect to the portion of the Global Security that represents such beneficial Holder’s Securities
as if such Individual Securities had been issued.

 

(iii)        If
specified by the Company pursuant to Section 3.01 with respect to a series of Securities, the Depositary for such series of
Securities may surrender a Global Security for such series of Securities in exchange in whole or in part for Individual Securities
of such series on such terms as are acceptable to the Company and such Depositary. Thereupon, the Company shall execute, and the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, without service charge,

 

(A)         to
each Person specified by such Depositary a new Individual Security or new Individual Securities of the same series, of any authorized
denomination as requested by such Person in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person’s beneficial
interest in the Global Security; and

 

(B)         to
such Depositary a new Global Security in a denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered
Global Security and the aggregate principal amount of Individual Securities delivered to Holders thereof.

 

    	 	20 	 

     

    

 

(iv)        In
any exchange provided for in clauses (i) through (iii), the Company will execute and the Trustee will authenticate and deliver
Individual Securities in registered form in authorized denominations.

 

(v)         Upon
the exchange in full of a Global Security for Individual Securities, such Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Individual
Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security pursuant to this Section shall be registered in such names and in such authorized
denominations as the Depositary for such Global Security, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or
otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities
are so registered.

 

(d)          All
Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be valid obligations of the Company evidencing
the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered for such registration of transfer
or exchange.

 

(e)          Every
Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer, or for exchange or payment shall (if so required by the Company,
the Trustee or the Registrar) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument or instruments of transfer in form satisfactory
to the Company, the Trustee and the Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or by his, her or its attorney duly authorized
in writing.

 

(f)          No
service charge will be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities. The Company or the Trustee may require
payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax, assessment or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any
registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than those expressly provided in this Indenture to be made at the Company’s
own expense or without expense or charge to the Holders.

 

(g)          The
Company shall not be required to (i) register, transfer or exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at
the opening of business 15 days before the day of the transmission of a notice of redemption of Securities of such series selected
for redemption under Section 4.03 and ending at the close of business on the day of such transmission, or (ii) register,
transfer or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security
being redeemed in part.

 

(h)          Prior
to the due presentation for registration of transfer or exchange of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent, the
Registrar, any co-Registrar or any of their agents may deem and treat the Person in whose name a Security is registered as the
absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notation of ownership or
other writing thereon) for all purposes whatsoever, and none of the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent, the Registrar, any
co-Registrar or any of their agents shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

 

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(i)          In
case a successor Company (“Successor Company”) has executed an indenture supplemental hereto with the Trustee pursuant
to Article XIV, any of the Securities authenticated or delivered pursuant to such transaction may, from time to time, at the request
of the Successor Company, be exchanged for other Securities executed in the name of the Successor Company with such changes in
phraseology and form as may be appropriate, but otherwise identical to the Securities surrendered for such exchange and of like
principal amount; and the Trustee, upon Company Order of the Successor Company, shall authenticate and deliver Securities as specified
in such order for the purpose of such exchange. If Securities shall at any time be authenticated and delivered in any new name
of a Successor Company pursuant to this Section 3.06 in exchange or substitution for or upon registration of transfer of any
Securities, such Successor Company, at the option of the Holders but without expense to them, shall provide for the exchange of
all Securities at the time Outstanding for Securities authenticated and delivered in such new name.

 

(j)          Each
Holder of a Security agrees to indemnify the Company and the Trustee against any liability that may result from the transfer, exchange
or assignment of such Holder’s Security in violation of any provision of this Indenture and/or applicable United States federal
or state securities laws.

 

(k)          The
Trustee shall have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed
under this Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security (including any transfers
between or among members of, or participants in the Depositary or beneficial owners of interests in any Global Security) other
than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if
and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to
form with the express requirements hereof.

 

(l)          Neither
the Trustee nor any agent of the Trustee shall have any responsibility for any actions taken or not taken by the Depositary.

 

Section 3.07         Mutilated,
Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

 

(a)          If
(i) any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office or (ii) the Company and the Trustee
receive evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security, and there is delivered to the Company
and the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to them to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless, and neither the
Company nor the Trustee receives notice that such Security has been acquired by a protected purchaser, then the Company shall execute
and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of any such mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same series and of like tenor, form, terms and principal amount, bearing a number
not contemporaneously outstanding, that neither gain nor loss in interest shall result from such exchange or substitution.

 

(b)          In
case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its
discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay the amount due on such Security in accordance with its terms.

 

    	 	22 	 

     

    

 

(c)          Upon
the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or
other governmental charge that may be imposed in respect thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the
Trustee) connected therewith.

 

(d)          Every
new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the
Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled
to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued
hereunder.

 

(e)          The
provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to
the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

 

Section 3.08         Payment
of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.

 

(a)          Interest
on any Security that is payable and is punctually paid or duly provided for on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person
in whose name such Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Record Date for
such interest notwithstanding the cancellation of such Security upon any transfer or exchange subsequent to the Record Date. Payment
of interest on Securities shall be made at the Corporate Trust Office (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01)
or, at the option of the Company, by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in
the Register or, in accordance with arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee, by wire transfer to an account designated by the
Holder.

 

(b)          Any
interest on any Security that is payable but is not punctually paid or duly provided for on any Interest Payment Date (herein called
“Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Record Date by virtue of his,
her or its having been such a Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as
provided in clause (i) or (ii) below:

 

(i)          The
Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest
(a “Special Record Date”), which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing
of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the
same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect
of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed
payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in
this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall
be not more than 15 calendar days and not less than 10 calendar days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than
10 calendar days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the
Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment
of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Holders of such
Securities at their addresses as they appear in the Register, not less than 10 calendar days prior to such Special Record Date.
Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid,
such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities)
are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause
(ii).

 

    	 	23 	 

     

    

 

(ii)         The
Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements
of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if,
after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall
be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

 

(c)          Subject
to the provisions set forth herein relating to Record Dates, each Security delivered pursuant to any provision of this Indenture
in exchange or substitution for, or upon registration of transfer of, any other Security shall carry all the rights to interest
accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

 

Section 3.09         Cancellation.
Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for Securities of any series, all Securities surrendered for payment,
redemption, registration of transfer or exchange or credit against any sinking fund or otherwise shall, if surrendered to any Person
other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation and shall be promptly canceled by it and, if surrendered to
the Trustee, shall be promptly canceled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities
previously authenticated and delivered hereunder that the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Securities
so delivered shall be promptly canceled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any
Securities canceled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee shall dispose of
all canceled Securities held by it in accordance with its then customary procedures and deliver a certificate of such disposal
to the Company upon its request therefor. The acquisition of any Securities by the Company shall not operate as a redemption or
satisfaction of the Indebtedness represented thereby unless and until such Securities are surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation.

 

Section 3.10         Computation
of Interest. Except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for Securities of any series, interest on the Securities
of each series shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

 

Section 3.11         Currency
of Payments in Respect of Securities.

 

(a)          Except
as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for Securities of any series, payment of the principal of and premium, if
any, and interest on Securities of such series will be made in U.S. Dollars.

 

    	 	24 	 

     

    

 

(b)          For
purposes of any provision of the Indenture where the Holders of Outstanding Securities may perform an action that requires that
a specified percentage of the Outstanding Securities of all series perform such action and for purposes of any decision or determination
by the Trustee of amounts due and unpaid for the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on the Securities of all series
in respect of which moneys are to be disbursed ratably, the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on the Outstanding Securities
denominated in a Foreign Currency will be the amount in U.S. Dollars based upon exchange rates, determined as specified pursuant
to Section 3.01 for Securities of such series, as of the date for determining whether the Holders entitled to perform such
action have performed it or as of the date of such decision or determination by the Trustee, as the case may be.

 

(c)          Any
decision or determination to be made regarding exchange rates shall be made by an agent appointed by the Company; provided, that
such agent shall accept such appointment in writing and the terms of such appointment shall, in the opinion of the Company at the
time of such appointment, require such agent to make such determination by a method consistent with the method provided pursuant
to Section 3.01 for the making of such decision or determination. All decisions and determinations of such agent regarding
exchange rates shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company,
the Trustee and all Holders of the Securities.

 

Section 3.12         Judgments.
The Company may provide pursuant to Section 3.01 for Securities of any series that (a) the obligation, if any, of the
Company to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities of any series in a Foreign Currency or U.S. Dollars
(the “Designated Currency”) as may be specified pursuant to Section 3.01 is of the essence and agrees that, to
the fullest extent possible under applicable law, judgments in respect of such Securities shall be given in the Designated Currency;
(b) the obligation of the Company to make payments in the Designated Currency of the principal of and premium, if any, and
interest on such Securities shall, notwithstanding any payment in any other Currency (whether pursuant to a judgment or otherwise),
be discharged only to the extent of the amount in the Designated Currency that the Holder receiving such payment may, in accordance
with normal banking procedures, purchase with the sum paid in such other Currency (after any premium and cost of exchange) on the
business day in the country of issue of the Designated Currency or in the international banking community (in the case of a composite
currency) immediately following the day on which such Holder receives such payment; (c) if the amount in the Designated Currency
that may be so purchased for any reason falls short of the amount originally due, the Company shall pay such additional amounts
as may be necessary to compensate for such shortfall; and (d) any obligation of the Company not discharged by such payment
shall be due as a separate and independent obligation and, until discharged as provided herein, shall continue in full force and
effect.

 

Section 3.13         CUSIP
Numbers. The Company in issuing any Securities may use CUSIP, ISIN or other similar numbers, if then generally in use, and
thereafter with respect to such series, the Trustee may use such numbers in any notice of redemption or exchange with respect to
such series provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either
as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification
numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers.
The Company will promptly notify the Trustee in writing of any change in the CUSIP, ISIN or other similar numbers.

 

    	 	25 	 

     

    

 

Article
IV

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

 

Section 4.01         Applicability
of Right of Redemption. Redemption of Securities (other than pursuant to a sinking fund, amortization or analogous provision)
permitted by the terms of any series of Securities shall be made (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01
for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article; provided, however, that if any such terms of a series of Securities
shall conflict with any provision of this Article, the terms of such series shall govern.

 

Section 4.02         Selection
of Securities to be Redeemed.

 

(a)          If
the Company shall at any time elect to redeem all or any portion of the Securities of a series then Outstanding, it shall at least
45 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) notify
the Trustee of (i) such Redemption Date, (ii) the Section of this Indenture pursuant to which the redemption shall occur,
(iii) the Redemption Price, and (iv) the principal amount of Securities to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall
select, by lot or in such other manner as the Trustee shall deem appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption
of a portion of the principal amount of any Security of such series; provided that the unredeemed portion of the principal amount
of any Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized denomination) for such
Security. In any case where more than one Security of such series is registered in the same name, the Trustee may treat the aggregate
principal amount so registered as if it were represented by one Security of such series. The Trustee shall, as soon as practicable,
notify the Company in writing of the Securities and portions of Securities so selected.

 

(b)          For
all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities
shall relate, in the case of any Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such
Security that has been or is to be redeemed. If the Company shall so direct, Securities registered in the name of the Company,
any Affiliate or any Subsidiary thereof shall not be included in the Securities selected for redemption.

 

Section 4.03         Notice
of Redemption.

 

(a)          Notice
of redemption shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of
the Company, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to the Holders of Securities of any series to
be redeemed in whole or in part pursuant to this Article, in the manner provided in Section 16.04. Any notice so given shall
be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the Holder receives such notice. Failure to give such notice,
or any defect in such notice to the Holder of any Security of a series designated for redemption, in whole or in part, shall not
affect the sufficiency of any notice of redemption with respect to the Holder of any other Security of such series.

 

    	 	26 	 

     

    

 

(b)          All
notices of redemption shall identify the Securities to be redeemed (including CUSIP, ISIN or other similar numbers, if available)
and shall state:

 

(i)          such
election by the Company to redeem Securities of such series pursuant to provisions contained in this Indenture or the terms of
the Securities of such series or a supplemental indenture establishing such series, if such be the case;

 

(ii)         the
Redemption Date;

 

(iii)        the
Redemption Price;

 

(iv)        if
less than all Outstanding Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption,
the principal amounts) of the Securities of such series to be redeemed;

 

(v)         that
on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed, and that, if applicable,
interest thereon shall cease to accrue on and after said date;

 

(vi)        the
Place or Places of Payment where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price; and

 

(vii)       that
the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case;

 

Section 4.04         Deposit
of Redemption Price. On or prior to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the Redemption Date for any Securities, the Company
shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold
in trust as provided in Section 6.03) an amount of money in the Currency in which such Securities are denominated (except
as provided pursuant to Section 3.01) sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of such Securities or any portions thereof that
are to be redeemed on that date.

 

Section 4.05         Securities
Payable on Redemption Date. Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, any Securities so to be redeemed shall,
on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price and from and after such date (unless the Company shall
Default in the payment of the Redemption Price) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such Security
for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price; provided, however,
that (unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section 3.01) installments of interest that have a Stated Maturity on or prior
to the Redemption Date for such Securities shall be payable according to the terms of such Securities and the provisions of Section 3.08.

 

If any Security called
for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal thereof and premium, if any, thereon shall,
until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the Security.

 

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Section 4.06         Securities
Redeemed in Part. Any Security that is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at the Corporate Trust Office or such
other office or agency of the Company as is specified pursuant to Section 3.01 with, if the Company, the Registrar or the
Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company, the Registrar
and the Trustee duly executed by the Holder thereof or his, her or its attorney duly authorized in writing, and the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or
Securities of the same series, of like tenor and form, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder in aggregate
principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered; except that
if a Global Security is so surrendered, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Depositary
for such Global Security, without service charge, a new Global Security in a denomination equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed
portion of the principal of the Global Security so surrendered. In the case of a Security providing appropriate space for such
notation, at the option of the Holder thereof, the Trustee, in lieu of delivering a new Security or Securities as aforesaid, may
make a notation on such Security of the payment of the redeemed portion thereof.

 

Article
V

SINKING FUNDS

 

Section 5.01         Applicability
of Sinking Fund.

 

(a)          Redemption
of Securities permitted or required pursuant to a sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series by the terms of such
series of Securities shall be made in accordance with such terms of such series of Securities and this Article, except as otherwise
specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for Securities of such series, provided, however, that if any such terms of a series of
Securities shall conflict with any provision of this Article, the terms of such series shall govern.

 

(b)          The
minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “Mandatory
Sinking Fund Payment,” and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series
is herein referred to as an “Optional Sinking Fund Payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series,
the cash amount of any Mandatory Sinking Fund Payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 5.02.

 

Section 5.02         Mandatory
Sinking Fund Obligation. The Company may, at its option, satisfy any Mandatory Sinking Fund Payment obligation, in whole or
in part, with respect to a particular series of Securities by (a) delivering to the Trustee Securities of such series in transferable
form theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired by the Company or redeemed at the election of the Company pursuant to Section 4.03
or (b) receiving credit for Securities of such series (not previously so credited) acquired by the Company and theretofore
delivered to the Trustee. The Trustee shall credit such Mandatory Sinking Fund Payment obligation with an amount equal to the Redemption
Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such Mandatory Sinking
Fund Payment shall be reduced accordingly. If the Company shall elect to so satisfy any Mandatory Sinking Fund Payment obligation,
it shall deliver to the Trustee not less than 45 days prior to the relevant sinking fund payment date an Officer’s Certificate,
which shall designate the Securities (and portions thereof, if any) so delivered or credited and which shall be accompanied by
such Securities (to the extent not theretofore delivered) in transferable form. In case of the failure of the Company, at or before
the time so required, to give such notice and deliver such Securities the Mandatory Sinking Fund Payment obligation shall be paid
entirely in moneys.

 

    	 	28 	 

     

    

 

Section 5.03         Optional
Redemption at Sinking Fund Redemption Price. In addition to the sinking fund requirements of Section 5.02, to the extent,
if any, provided for by the terms of a particular series of Securities, the Company may, at its option, make an Optional Sinking
Fund Payment with respect to such Securities. Unless otherwise provided by such terms, (a) to the extent that the right of
the Company to make such Optional Sinking Fund Payment shall not be exercised in any year, it shall not be cumulative or carried
forward to any subsequent year, and (b) such optional payment shall operate to reduce the amount of any Mandatory Sinking
Fund Payment obligation as to Securities of the same series. If the Company intends to exercise its right to make such optional
payment in any year it shall deliver to the Trustee not less than 45 days prior to the relevant sinking fund payment date an Officer’s
Certificate stating that the Company will exercise such optional right, and specifying the amount which the Company will pay on
or before the next succeeding sinking fund payment date. Such Officer’s Certificate shall also state that no Event of Default
has occurred and is continuing.

 

Section 5.04         Application
of Sinking Fund Payment.

 

(a)          If
the sinking fund payment or payments made in funds pursuant to either Section 5.02 or 5.03 with respect to a particular series
of Securities plus any unused balance of any preceding sinking fund payments made in funds with respect to such series shall exceed
$50,000 (or a lesser sum if the Company shall so request, or such equivalent sum for Securities denominated other than in U.S.
Dollars), it shall be applied by the Trustee on the sinking fund payment date next following the date of such payment, unless the
date of such payment shall be a sinking fund payment date, in which case such payment shall be applied on such sinking fund payment
date, to the redemption of Securities of such series at the redemption price specified pursuant to Section 4.03(b). The Trustee
shall select, in the manner provided in Section 4.02, for redemption on such sinking fund payment date, a sufficient principal
amount of Securities of such series to absorb said funds, as nearly as may be, and shall, at the expense and in the name of the
Company, thereupon cause notice of redemption of the Securities to be given in substantially the manner provided in Section 4.03(a)
for the redemption of Securities in part at the option of the Company, except that the notice of redemption shall also state that
the Securities are being redeemed for the sinking fund. Any sinking fund moneys not so applied by the Trustee to the redemption
of Securities of such series shall be added to the next sinking fund payment received in funds by the Trustee and, together with
such payment, shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of this Section 5.04. Any and all sinking fund moneys held
by the Trustee on the last sinking fund payment date with respect to Securities of such series, and not held for the payment or
redemption of particular Securities of such series, shall be applied by the Trustee to the payment of the principal of the Securities
of such series at Maturity.

 

    	 	29 	 

     

    

 

(b)          On
or prior to each sinking fund payment date, the Company shall pay to the Trustee a sum equal to all interest accrued to but not
including the date fixed for redemption on Securities to be redeemed on such sinking fund payment date pursuant to this Section 5.04.

 

(c)          The
Trustee shall not redeem any Securities of a series with sinking fund moneys or mail any notice of redemption of Securities of
such series by operation of the sinking fund during the continuance of a Default in payment of interest on any Securities of such
series or of any Event of Default (other than an Event of Default occurring as a consequence of this paragraph) of which a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge, except that if the notice of redemption of any Securities of such series shall theretofore
have been mailed in accordance with the provisions hereof, the Trustee shall redeem such Securities if funds sufficient for that
purpose shall be deposited with the Trustee in accordance with the terms of this Article. Except as aforesaid, any moneys in the
sinking fund at the time any such Default or Event of Default shall occur and any moneys thereafter paid into the sinking fund
shall, during the continuance of such Default or Event of Default, be held as security for the payment of all the Securities of
such series; provided, however, that in case such Default or Event of Default shall have been cured or waived as provided herein,
such moneys shall thereafter be applied on the next sinking fund payment date on which such moneys are required to be applied pursuant
to the provisions of this Section 5.04.

 

Article
VI

PARTICULAR COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY

 

The Company hereby covenants and agrees
as follows:

 

Section
6.01         Payments of Securities. The Company will duly and punctually
pay the principal of and premium, if any, on each series of Securities, and the interest which shall have accrued thereon, at
the dates and place and in the manner provided in the Securities and in this Indenture.

 

Section 6.02         Paying
Agent.

 

(a)          The
Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities, if any, an office or agency where Securities may be
presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of such series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange
and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities and this Indenture may be served (the “Paying
Agent”). The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such
office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish
the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate
Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as Paying Agent to receive all presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands.

 

    	 	30 	 

     

    

 

(b)          The
Company may also from time to time designate different or additional offices or agencies where the Securities of any series may
be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes (in or outside of such Place of Payment), and may from time to time rescind
any such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its
obligations described in the preceding paragraph. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such additional
designation or rescission of designation and of any change in the location of any such different or additional office or agency.
The Company shall enter into an appropriate agency agreement with any Paying Agent not a party to this Indenture. The agreement
shall implement the provisions of this Indenture that relate to such agent. The Company shall notify the Trustee of the name and
address of each such agent. The Company or any Affiliate thereof may act as Paying Agent.

 

Section 6.03         To
Hold Payment in Trust.

 

(a)          If
the Company or an Affiliate thereof shall at any time act as Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities, then, on or
before the date on which the principal of and premium, if any, or interest on any of the Securities of that series by their terms
or as a result of the calling thereof for redemption shall become payable, the Company or such Affiliate will segregate and hold
in trust for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities or the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay such principal and premium, if
any, or interest which shall have so become payable until such sums shall be paid to such Holders or otherwise disposed of as herein
provided, and will notify the Trustee of its action or failure to act in that regard. Upon any proceeding under any federal bankruptcy
laws with respect to the Company or any Affiliate thereof, if the Company or such Affiliate is then acting as Paying Agent, the
Trustee shall replace the Company or such Affiliate as Paying Agent.

 

(b)          If
the Company shall appoint, and at the time have, a Paying Agent for the payment of the principal of and premium, if any, or interest
on any series of Securities, then prior to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the date on which the principal of and premium, if
any, or interest on any of the Securities of that series shall become payable as aforesaid, whether by their terms or as a result
of the calling thereof for redemption, the Company will deposit with such Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay such principal and
premium, if any, or interest, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities or the Trustee, and
(unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee), the Company or any other obligor of such Securities will promptly notify the Trustee
of its payment or failure to make such payment.

 

(c)          If
the Paying Agent shall be other than the Trustee, the Company will cause such Paying Agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee
an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section 6.03, that
such Paying Agent shall:

 

(i)          hold
all moneys held by it for the payment of the principal of and premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of that series in
trust for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities until such sums shall be paid to such Holders or otherwise disposed of
as herein provided;

 

(ii)         give
to the Trustee notice of any Default by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series in the making of any
payment of the principal of and premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of that series; and

 

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(iii)        at
any time during the continuance of any such Default, upon the written request of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee all sums so held
in trust by such Paying Agent.

 

(d)          Anything
in this Section 6.03 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining a release,
satisfaction or discharge of this Indenture or for any other reason, pay or cause to be paid to the Trustee all sums held in trust
by the Company or by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee as required by this Section 6.03, such sums to be held by the
Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent.

 

(e)          Any
money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of
and premium, if any, or interest on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal and premium,
if any, or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company upon Company Order along with any interest that has
accumulated thereon as a result of such money being invested at the direction of the Company, or (if then held by the Company)
shall be discharged from such trust, and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only
to the Company for payment of such amounts without interest thereon, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with
respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that
the Trustee or such Paying Agent before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be
published once, in a newspaper published in the English language, customarily published on each Business Day and of general circulation
in The City of New York, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be
less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

 

Section
6.04         Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Assets. Except as
otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.01 with respect to any series of Securities:

 

(a)          The
Company will not consolidate with any other entity or accept a merger of any other entity into the Company or permit the Company
to be merged into any other entity, or sell other than for cash or lease all or substantially all its assets to another entity,
or purchase all or substantially all the assets of another entity, unless (i) either the Company shall be the continuing entity,
or the successor, transferee or lessee entity (if other than the Company) shall expressly assume, by indenture supplemental hereto,
executed and delivered by such entity prior to or simultaneously with such consolidation, merger, sale or lease, the due and punctual
payment of the principal of and interest and premium, if any, on all the Securities, according to their tenor, and the due and
punctual performance and observance of all other obligations to the Holders and the Trustee under this Indenture or under the Securities
to be performed or observed by the Company; (ii) immediately after such consolidation, merger, sale, lease or purchase the
Company or the successor, transferee or lessee entity (if other than the Company) would not be in Default in the performance of
any covenant or condition of this Indenture; and (iii) either the Company or the resulting surviving or transferee Person
delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that the consolidation, merger or
sale and the supplemental indenture comply with the Indenture. A purchase by a Subsidiary of all or substantially all of the assets
of another entity shall not be deemed to be a purchase of such assets by the Company.

 

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(b)          Upon
any consolidation with or merger into any other entity, or any sale other than for cash, or any conveyance or lease of all or substantially
all of the assets of the Company in accordance with this Section 6.04, the successor entity formed by such consolidation or
into or with which the Company is merged or to which the Company is sold or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made
shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the
same effect as if such successor entity had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the
predecessor Company shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities, and from time to
time such entity may exercise each and every right and power of the Company under this Indenture, in the name of the Company, or
in its own name; and any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture required or permitted to be done by the Board of
Directors or any officer of the Company may be done with like force and effect by the like board or officer of any entity that
shall at the time be the successor of the Company hereunder. In the event of any such sale or conveyance, but not any such lease,
the Company (or any successor entity which shall theretofore have become such in the manner described in this Section 6.04)
shall be discharged from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities and may thereupon be dissolved and
liquidated.

 

Section 6.05         Compliance
Certificate. Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.01 with respect to any series of Securities, the
Company shall furnish to the Trustee annually, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a brief certificate from the
principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or vice president and treasurer as to his
or her knowledge of the Company’s compliance with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture (which compliance shall
be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture) and, in the event
of any Default, specifying each such Default and the nature and status thereof of which such person may have knowledge. Such certificates
need not comply with Section 16.01 of this Indenture. The Company shall comply with TIA Section 314(a)(4).

 

Section 6.06         Conditional
Waiver by Holders of Securities. Anything in this Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company may fail or
omit in any particular instance to comply with a covenant or condition set forth herein with respect to any series of Securities
if the Company shall have obtained and filed with the Trustee, prior to the time of such failure or omission, evidence (as provided
in Article VIII) of the consent of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series at
the time Outstanding, either waiving such compliance in such instance or generally waiving compliance with such covenant or condition,
but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such covenant or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, or impair any
right consequent thereon and, until such waiver shall have become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of
the Trustee in respect of any such covenant or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

 

Section 6.07         Statement
by Officers as to Default. The Company shall deliver to the Trustee as soon as possible and in any event within 30 days after
the Company becomes aware of the occurrence of any Event of Default or an event which, with the giving of notice or the lapse of
time or both, would constitute an Event of Default, an Officer’s Certificate setting forth the details of such Event of Default
or Default and the action which the Company proposes to take with respect thereto.

 

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Article
VII

REMEDIES OF TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS

 

Section
7.01         Events of Default. Except where otherwise indicated by the
context or where the term is otherwise defined for a specific purpose, the term “Event of Default” as used in
this Indenture with respect to Securities of any series shall mean one of the following described events unless it is either
inapplicable to a particular series or it is specifically deleted or modified in the manner contemplated in
Section 3.01:

 

(a)          the
failure of the Company to pay any installment of interest on any Security of such series when and as the same shall become payable,
which failure shall have continued unremedied for a period of 30 days;

 

(b)          the
failure of the Company to pay the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Security of such series, when and as the same shall
become payable, whether at Maturity as therein expressed, by call for redemption (otherwise than pursuant to a sinking fund), by
declaration as authorized by this Indenture or otherwise;

 

(c)          the
failure of the Company to pay a sinking fund installment, if any, when and as the same shall become payable by the terms of a Security
of such series, which failure shall have continued unremedied for a period of 30 days;

 

(d)          the
failure of the Company, subject to the provisions of Section 6.06, to perform any covenants or agreements contained in this
Indenture (including any indenture supplemental hereto pursuant to which the Securities of such series were issued as contemplated
by Section 3.01) (other than a covenant or agreement which has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit
of a series of Securities other than that series and other than a covenant or agreement a default in the performance of which is
elsewhere in this Section 7.01 specifically addressed), which failure shall not have been remedied, or without provision deemed
to be adequate for the remedying thereof having been made, for a period of 90 days after written notice shall have been given to
the Company by the Trustee or shall have been given to the Company and the Trustee by Holders of 25% or more in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding, specifying such failure, requiring the Company to remedy the same and
stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder;

 

(e)          the
entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary
case under the federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency
or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee or sequestrator
(or similar official) of the Company or of substantially all the property of the Company or ordering the winding-up or liquidation
of its affairs and such decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days;

 

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(f)          the
commencement by the Company of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other
applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or the consent by the Company
to the entry of an order for relief in an involuntary case under any such law, or the consent by the Company to the appointment
of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian or sequestrator (or similar official) of the Company
or of substantially all the property of the Company or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors or the admission
by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company
in furtherance of any action; or

 

(g)          the
occurrence of any other Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series as provided in Section 3.01;

 

provided, however, that no event described
in clause (d) or (other than with respect to a payment default) (g) above shall constitute an Event of Default hereunder
until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee’s has actual knowledge thereof or until a written notice of any such event is
received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office, and such notice refers to the facts underlying such event, the Securities
generally, the Company and the Indenture.

 

Notwithstanding the
foregoing provisions of this Section 7.01, if the principal or any premium or interest on any Security is payable in a Currency
other than the Currency of the United States and such Currency is not available to the Company for making payment thereof due to
the imposition of exchange controls or other circumstances beyond the control of the Company, the Company will be entitled to satisfy
its obligations to Holders of the Securities by making such payment in the Currency of the United States in an amount equal to
the Currency of the United States equivalent of the amount payable in such other Currency, as determined by the Company’s
agent in accordance with Section 3.11(c) hereof by reference to the noon buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers
for such Currency (“Exchange Rate”), as such Exchange Rate is reported or otherwise made available by the Federal Reserve
Bank of New York on the date of such payment, or, if such rate is not then available, on the basis of the most recently available
Exchange Rate. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 7.01, any payment made under such circumstances in
the Currency of the United States where the required payment is in a Currency other than the Currency of the United States will
not constitute an Event of Default under this Indenture.

 

Section 7.02         Acceleration;
Rescission and Annulment.

 

(a)          Except
as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.01 with respect to any series of Securities, if any one or more of the
above-described Events of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 7.01(e) or 7.01(f)) shall happen with
respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, then, and in each and every such case, during the continuance of any
such Event of Default, the Trustee or the Holders of 25% or more in principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding
may declare the principal (or, if the Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal
amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of and all accrued but unpaid interest on all the Securities of such series
then Outstanding to be due and payable immediately by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders),
and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event
of Default specified in Section 7.01(e) or 7.01(f) occurs and is continuing, then in every such case, the principal amount
of all of the Securities of that series then Outstanding shall automatically, and without any declaration or any other action on
the part of the Trustee or any Holder, become due and payable immediately. Upon payment of such amounts in the Currency in which
such Securities are denominated (subject to Section 7.01 and except as otherwise provided pursuant to Section 3.01),
all obligations of the Company in respect of the payment of principal of and interest on the Securities of such series shall terminate.

 

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(b)          The
provisions of Section 7.02(a), however, are subject to the condition that, at any time after the principal of all the Securities
of such series, to which any one or more of the above-described Events of Default is applicable, shall have been so declared to
be due and payable, and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter
provided in this Article, the Event of Default giving rise to such declaration of acceleration shall, without further act, be deemed
to have been waived, and such declaration and its consequences shall, without further act, be deemed to have been rescinded and
annulled, if:

 

(i)          the
Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee or Paying Agent a sum in the Currency in which such Securities are denominated (subject
to Section 7.01 and except as otherwise provided pursuant to Section 3.01) sufficient to pay

 

(A)         all
amounts owing the Trustee and any predecessor trustee hereunder under Section 11.01(a) (provided, however, that all sums payable
under this clause (A) shall be paid in U.S. Dollars);

 

(B)         all
arrears of interest, if any, upon all the Securities of such series (with interest, to the extent that interest thereon shall be
legally enforceable, on any overdue installment of interest at the rate borne by such Securities at the rate or rates prescribed
therefor in such Securities); and

 

(C)         the
principal of and premium, if any, on any Securities of such series that have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration
and interest thereon; or

 

(ii)         every
other Default and Event of Default with respect to Securities of that series, other than the non-payment of the principal and interest,
if any, of Securities of that series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived
as provided in Section 7.06.

 

(c)          No
such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

 

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(d)          For
all purposes under this Indenture, if a portion of the principal of any Original Issue Discount Securities shall have been accelerated
and declared due and payable pursuant to the provisions hereof, then, from and after such declaration, unless such declaration
has been rescinded and annulled, the principal amount of such Original Issue Discount Securities shall be deemed, for all purposes
hereunder, to be such portion of the principal thereof as shall be due and payable as a result of such acceleration, and payment
of such portion of the principal thereof as shall be due and payable as a result of such acceleration, together with interest,
if any, thereon and all other amounts owing thereunder, shall constitute payment in full of such Original Issue Discount Securities.

 

Section
7.03         Other Remedies. If the Company shall fail for a period of 30
days to pay any installment of interest on the Securities of any series or shall fail to pay the principal of and premium, if
any, on any of the Securities of such series when and as the same shall become due and payable, whether at Maturity, or by
call for redemption (other than pursuant to the sinking fund), by declaration as authorized by this Indenture, or otherwise,
or shall fail for a period of 30 days to make any required sinking fund payment as to a series of Securities, then, upon
demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay to the Paying Agent for the benefit of the Holders of Securities of such series
then Outstanding the whole amount which then shall have become due and payable on all the Securities of such series, with
interest on the overdue principal and premium, if any, and (so far as the same may be legally enforceable) on the overdue
installments of interest at the rate borne by the Securities of such series, and all amounts owing the Trustee and any
predecessor trustee hereunder under Section 11.01(a).

 

In case the Company
shall fail forthwith to pay such amounts upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall
be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceeding at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid,
and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree
against the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities of such series, and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable
out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities of such series, wherever situated, in the manner provided
by law. Every recovery of judgment in any such action or other proceeding, subject to the payment to the Trustee of all amounts
owing the Trustee and any predecessor trustee hereunder under Section 11.01(a), shall be for the ratable benefit of the Holders
of such series of Securities which shall be the subject of such action or proceeding. All rights of action upon or under any of
the Securities or this Indenture may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities and without the
production of any thereof at any trial or any proceeding relative thereto.

 

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Section 7.04         Trustee
as Attorney-in-Fact. The Trustee is hereby appointed, and each and every Holder of the Securities, by receiving and holding
the same, shall be conclusively deemed to have appointed the Trustee, the true and lawful attorney-in-fact of such Holder, with
authority to make or file (whether or not the Company shall be in Default in respect of the payment of the principal of, or interest
on, any of the Securities, and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of
overdue principal or interest), in its own name and as trustee of an express trust or otherwise as it shall deem advisable, in
any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any
other obligor upon the Securities or to their respective creditors or property, any and all claims, proofs of claim, proofs of
debt, petitions, consents, other papers and documents and amendments of any thereof, as may be necessary or advisable in order
to have the claims of the Trustee and any predecessor trustee hereunder (including any claims for reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and its counsel) and of the Holders of the Securities allowed in any such
proceeding and to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to execute and
deliver any and all other papers and documents and to do and perform any and all other acts and things, as it may deem necessary
or advisable in order to enforce in any such proceeding any of the claims of the Trustee and any predecessor trustee hereunder
and of any of such Holders in respect of any of the Securities; and any receiver, assignee, trustee, custodian, liquidator, debtor
or a similar official in any such proceeding is hereby authorized, and each and every taker or Holder of the Securities, by receiving
and holding the same, shall be conclusively deemed to have authorized any such receiver, assignee, trustee, custodian, liquidator,
debtor or a similar official to make any such payment or delivery only to or on the order of the Trustee, and to pay to the Trustee
any amount due it and any predecessor trustee hereunder for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of
the Trustee, its agents and its counsel and any other amounts due under Section 11.01(a); provided, however, that nothing
herein contained shall be deemed to authorize or empower the Trustee to consent to or accept or adopt, on behalf of any Holder
of Securities, any plan of reorganization, composition, adjustment or other similar arrangement affecting the Securities or the
rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize or empower the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder of any Securities
in any such proceeding.

 

Section 7.05         Priorities.
Any moneys or properties collected by the Trustee with respect to a series of Securities under this Article VII shall be applied
in the order following, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee for the distribution of such moneys or properties and, in the
case of the distribution of such moneys or properties on account of the Securities of any series, upon presentation of the Securities
of such series, and stamping thereon the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof, if fully paid:

 

First: To the payment
of all amounts due to the Trustee and any predecessor trustee hereunder under Section 11.01(a).

 

Second: In case the
principal of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall not have become due and be unpaid, to the payment of interest on the
Securities of such series, in the chronological order of the Maturity of the installments of such interest, with interest (to the
extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee) upon the overdue installments of interest at the rate borne by such
Securities, such payments to be made ratably to the Persons entitled thereto.

 

Third: In case the
principal of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall have become due, by declaration or otherwise, to the payment of the
whole amount then owing and unpaid upon the Securities of such series for principal and premium, if any, and interest, with interest
on the overdue principal and premium, if any, and (to the extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee) upon overdue
installments of interest at the rate borne by the Securities of such series, and in case such moneys shall be insufficient to pay
in full the whole amounts so due and unpaid upon the Securities of such series, then to the payment of such principal and premium,
if any, and interest without preference or priority of principal and premium, if any, over interest, or of interest over principal
and premium, if any, or of any installment of interest over any other installment of interest, or of any Security of such series
over any other Security of such series, ratably to the aggregate of such principal and premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid
interest.

 

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Any surplus then remaining shall be paid
to the Company or as directed by a court of competent jurisdiction.

 

Section 7.06         Control
by Securityholders; Waiver of Past Defaults. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series
at the time Outstanding may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee
hereunder, or of exercising any trust or power hereby conferred upon the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series,
provided, however, that, subject to the provisions of Sections 11.01 and 11.02, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to
follow any such direction if the Trustee being advised by counsel determines that the action so directed may not lawfully be taken
or would be unduly prejudicial to Holders not joining in such direction or would involve the Trustee in personal liability. Prior
to any declaration accelerating the Maturity of the Securities of any series, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of such series of Securities at the time Outstanding may on behalf of the Holders of all of the Securities of such series
waive any past Default or Event of Default hereunder and its consequences except a Default in the payment of interest or any premium
on or the principal of the Securities of such series. Upon any such waiver the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities
of such series shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend
to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon. Whenever any Default or Event of
Default hereunder shall have been waived as permitted by this Section 7.06, said Default or Event of Default shall for all
purposes of the Securities of such series and this Indenture be deemed to have been cured and to be not continuing.

 

Section 7.07         Limitation
on Suits. No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute any action, suit or proceeding at law or
in equity for the execution of any trust hereunder or for the appointment of a receiver or for any other remedy hereunder, in
each case with respect to an Event of Default with respect to such series of Securities, unless such Holder previously shall have
given to the Trustee written notice of one or more of the Events of Default herein specified with respect to such series of Securities,
and unless also the Holders of 25% in principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have requested
the Trustee in writing to take action in respect of the matter complained of, and unless also there shall have been offered to
the Trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby,
and the Trustee, for 60 days after receipt of such notification, request and offer of indemnity, shall have neglected or refused
to institute any such action, suit or proceeding; and such notification, request and offer of indemnity are hereby declared in
every such case to be conditions precedent to any such action, suit or proceeding by any Holder of any Security of such series;
it being understood and intended that no one or more of the Holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any manner
whatsoever by his, her, its or their action to enforce any right hereunder, except in the manner herein provided, and that every
action, suit or proceeding at law or in equity shall be instituted, had and maintained in the manner herein provided and for the
equal benefit of all Holders of the Outstanding Securities of such series; provided, however, that nothing in this Indenture or
in the Securities of such series shall affect or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to
pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities of such series to the respective Holders of such Securities
at the respective due dates in such Securities stated, or affect or impair the right, which is also absolute and unconditional,
of such Holders to institute suit to enforce the payment thereof.

 

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Section 7.08         Undertaking
for Costs. All parties to this Indenture and each Holder of any Security, by such Holder’s acceptance thereof, shall
be deemed to have agreed that any court may in its discretion require, in any action, suit or proceeding for the enforcement of
any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any action, suit or proceeding against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted
by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such action, suit or proceeding of an undertaking to pay the costs of such
action, suit or proceeding, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’
fees and expenses, against any party litigant in such action, suit or proceeding, having due regard to the merits and good faith
of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; provided, however, that the provisions of this Section 7.08 shall not
apply to any action, suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee, to any action, suit or proceeding instituted by any one or more
Holders of Securities holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the Securities of any series Outstanding, or
to any action, suit or proceeding instituted by any Holder of Securities of any series for the enforcement of the payment of the
principal of or premium, if any, or the interest on, any of the Securities of such series, on or after the respective due dates
expressed in such Securities.

 

Section 7.09         Remedies
Cumulative. No remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities of any series is intended
to be exclusive of any other remedy or remedies, and each and every remedy shall be cumulative and shall be in addition to every
other remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or by statute. No delay or omission of the Trustee
or of any Holder of the Securities of any series to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Default or Event of Default shall
impair any such right or power or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such Default or Event of Default or an acquiescence
therein; and every power and remedy given by this Article VII to the Trustee and to the Holders of Securities of any series, respectively,
may be exercised from time to time and as often as may be deemed expedient by the Trustee or by the Holders of Securities of such
series, as the case may be. In case the Trustee or any Holder of Securities of any series shall have proceeded to enforce any right
under this Indenture and the proceedings for the enforcement thereof shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of waiver
or for any other reason or shall have been adjudicated adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder of Securities, then and in every
such case the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities of such series shall severally and respectively be restored
to their former positions and rights hereunder, and thereafter all rights, remedies and powers of the Trustee and the Holders of
the Securities of such series shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken, except as to any matters so waived or
adjudicated.

 

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Article
VIII

CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS

 

Section 8.01         Evidence
of Action of Securityholders. Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the Holders of a specified percentage or a majority
in aggregate principal amount of the Securities or of any series of Securities may take any action (including the making of any
demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action), the fact that at the time of
taking any such action the Holders of such specified percentage or majority have joined therein may be evidenced by (a) any
instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by Securityholders in person, by an agent or by a proxy appointed
in writing, including through an electronic system for tabulating consents operated by the Depositary for such series or otherwise
(such action becoming effective, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, when such instruments or evidence of electronic
consents are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company), or (b) by the record of
the Holders of Securities voting in favor thereof at any meeting of Securityholders duly called and held in accordance with the
provisions of Article IX, or (c) by a combination of such instrument or instruments and any such record of such a meeting
of Securityholders.

 

Section 8.02         Proof
of Execution or Holding of Securities. Proof of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder or his, her or its agent
or proxy and proof of the holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:

 

(a)          The
fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument may be proved (i) by the certificate of any notary public
or other officer in any jurisdiction who, by the laws thereof, has power to take acknowledgments or proof of deeds to be recorded
within such jurisdiction, that the Person who signed such instrument did acknowledge before such notary public or other officer
the execution thereof, or (ii) by the affidavit of a witness of such execution sworn to before any such notary or other officer.
Where such execution is by a Person acting in other than his or her individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also
constitute sufficient proof of his or her authority.

 

(b)          The
ownership of Securities of any series shall be proved by the Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Registrar for
such series.

 

(c)          The
record of any Holders’ meeting shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 9.06.

 

(d)          The
Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter referred to in this Section 8.02 as it shall deem appropriate or necessary,
so long as the request is a reasonable one.

 

(e)          If
the Company shall solicit from the Holders of Securities of any series any action, the Company may, at its option fix in advance
a record date for the determination of Holders of Securities entitled to take such action, but the Company shall have no obligation
to do so. Any such record date shall be fixed at the Company’s discretion. If such a record date is fixed, such action may
be sought or given before or after the record date, but only the Holders of Securities of record at the close of business on such
record date shall be deemed to be Holders of Securities for the purpose of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion
of Outstanding Securities of such series have authorized or agreed or consented to such action, and for that purpose the Outstanding
Securities of such series shall be computed as of such record date.

 

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Section 8.03         Persons
Deemed Owners.

 

(a)          The
Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name any Security is registered
as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and premium, if any, and (subject to Section 3.08)
interest, if any, on, such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither
the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary. All payments
made to any Holder, or upon his, her or its order, shall be valid, and, to the extent of the sum or sums paid, effectual to satisfy
and discharge the liability for moneys payable upon such Security.

 

(b)          None
of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the
records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in a Global Security or for maintaining, supervising
or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

 

Section
8.04         Effect of Consents. After an amendment, supplement, waiver
or other action becomes effective as to any series of Securities, a consent to it by a Holder of such series of Securities is
a continuing consent conclusive and binding upon such Holder and every subsequent Holder of the same Securities or portion
thereof, and of any Security issued upon the transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in place thereof, even if notation
of the consent is not made on any such Security. An amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective in accordance with its
terms and thereafter binds every Holder.

 

Article
IX

SECURITYHOLDERS’ MEETINGS

 

Section
9.01         Purposes of Meetings. A meeting of Securityholders of any or
all series may be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to the provisions of this Article IX for any of the
following purposes:

 

(a)          to
give any notice to the Company or to the Trustee, or to give any directions to the Trustee, or to consent to the waiving of any
Default or Event of Default hereunder and its consequences, or to take any other action authorized to be taken by Securityholders
pursuant to any of the provisions of Article VIII;

 

(b)          to
remove the Trustee and nominate a successor trustee pursuant to the provisions of Article XI;

 

(c)          to
consent to the execution of an Indenture or of indentures supplemental hereto pursuant to the provisions of Section 14.02;
or

 

(d)          to
take any other action authorized to be taken by or on behalf of the Holders of any specified aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of any one or more or all series, as the case may be, under any other provision of this Indenture or under applicable
law.

 

Section 9.02         Call
of Meetings by Trustee. The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of all Securityholders of all series that may be affected
by the action proposed to be taken, to take any action specified in Section 9.01, to be held at such time and at such place
as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of the Securityholders of a series, setting forth the time and the place
of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be mailed to Holders of Securities
of such series at their addresses as they shall appear on the Register of the Company. Such notice shall be mailed not less than
20 nor more than 90 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.

 

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Section 9.03         Call
of Meetings by Company or Securityholders. In case at any time the Company or the Holders of at least 10% in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of a series (or of all series, as the case may be) then Outstanding that may be affected by the action
proposed to be taken, shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of Securityholders of such series (or of all series),
by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not
have mailed the notice of such meeting within 20 days after receipt of such request, then the Company or such Securityholders may
determine the time and the place for such meeting and may call such meeting to take any action authorized in Section 9.01,
by mailing notice thereof as provided in Section 9.02.

 

Section 9.04         Qualifications
for Voting. To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Securityholders, a Person shall (a) be a Holder of one or more Securities
affected by the action proposed to be taken at the meeting or (b) be a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy
by a Holder of one or more such Securities. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of
Securityholders shall be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel and any representatives of the Trustee
and its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

 

Section 9.05         Regulation
of Meetings.

 

(a)          Notwithstanding
any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting
of Securityholders, in regard to proof of the holding of Securities and of the appointment of proxies, and in regard to the appointment
and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote,
and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem fit.

 

(b)          The
Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called
by the Company or by Securityholders as provided in Section 9.03, in which case the Company or the Securityholders calling
the meeting, as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chair. A permanent chairman and a permanent secretary
of the meeting shall be elected by majority vote of the meeting.

 

(c)          At
any meeting of Securityholders of a series, each Securityholder of such series of such Securityholder’s proxy shall be entitled
to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of Securities of such series Outstanding held or represented by him; provided, however,
that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Security challenged as not Outstanding and ruled by the
chairman of the meeting to be not Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote other than by virtue of
Securities of such series held by him or her or instruments in writing as aforesaid duly designating him or her as the Person to
vote on behalf of other Securityholders. At any meeting of the Securityholders duly called pursuant to the provisions of Section 9.02
or 9.03 the presence of Persons holding or representing Securities in an aggregate principal amount sufficient to take action upon
the business for the transaction of which such meeting was called shall be necessary to constitute a quorum, and any such meeting
may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of those present, whether or not constituting a quorum, and the meeting may be
held as so adjourned without further notice.

 

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Section 9.06         Voting.
The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Securityholders of a series shall be by written ballots on which shall
be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of their representatives by proxy and the principal
amounts of the Securities of such series held or represented by them. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors
of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the secretary
of the meeting their verified written reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record in duplicate of the proceedings
of each meeting of Securityholders shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said record
the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more Persons having
knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was mailed as provided in
Section 9.02. The record shall show the principal amounts of the Securities voting in favor of or against any resolution.
The record shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one of the
duplicates shall be delivered to the Company and the other to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee.

 

Any record so signed
and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.

 

Section 9.07         No
Delay of Rights by Meeting. Nothing contained in this Article IX shall be deemed or construed to authorize or permit, by reason
of any call of a meeting of Securityholders of any series or any rights expressly or impliedly conferred hereunder to make such
call, any hindrance or delay in the exercise of any right or rights conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Securityholders
of such series under any of the provisions of this Indenture or of the Securities of such series.

 

Article
X

REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE AND

SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS

 

Section 10.01         Reports
by Trustee.

 

(a)          So
long as any Securities are outstanding, the Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions
under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided therein. If
required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall, within 60 days after each anniversary following
the date of this Indenture deliver to Holders a brief report which complies with the provisions of such Section 313(a).

 

(b)          The
Trustee shall, at the time of the transmission to the Holders of Securities of any report pursuant to the provisions of this Section 10.01,
file a copy of such report with each stock exchange upon which the Securities are listed, if any, and also with the SEC in respect
of a Security listed and registered on a national securities exchange, if any. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when, as
and if the Securities become listed on any stock exchange or any delisting thereof.

 

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The Company will reimburse
the Trustee for all expenses incurred in the preparation and transmission of any report pursuant to the provisions of this Section 10.01
and of Section 10.02.

 

Section
10.02         Reports by the Company. The Company shall file with the
Trustee and the SEC, and transmit to Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries thereof, as
may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided in the Trust Indenture Act;
provided that, unless available on EDGAR, any such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the SEC
pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within 30 days after the same is
filed with the SEC; and provided further, that the filing of the reports specified in Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Exchange Act by an entity that is the direct or indirect parent of the Company will satisfy the requirements of this
Section 10.02 so long as such entity is an obligor or guarantor on the Securities; and provided further that the reports
of such entity will not be required to include condensed consolidating financial information for the Company in a footnote to
the financial statements of such entity.

 

Delivery of such reports,
information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute
constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s
compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer’s Certificates).

 

Section 10.03         Securityholders’
Lists. The Company covenants and agrees that it will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

 

(a)          semi-annually,
within 15 days after each Record Date, but in any event not less frequently than semi-annually, a list in such form as the Trustee
may reasonably require of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities to which such Record Date applies, as of such Record
Date, and

 

(b)          at
such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after receipt by the Company of any such request, a list
of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished;

 

provided, however, that so long as the
Trustee shall be the Registrar, such lists shall not be required to be furnished; and provided, further, that the Trustee shall
not be held accountable by reason of (i) the disclosure of any information as to the names and addresses of the Holders in
accordance with the TIA Section 312, regardless of the source from which the information was derived and (ii) mailing
any material pursuant to a request made under TIA Section 312.

 

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Article
XI

CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

 

Section
11.01         Rights of Trustees; Compensation and Indemnity. The Trustee
accepts the trusts created by this Indenture upon the terms and conditions hereof, including the following, to all of which
the parties hereto and the Holders from time to time of the Securities agree:

 

(a)          The
Trustee shall be entitled to such compensation as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree in writing for all
services rendered by it hereunder (including in any agent capacity in which it acts). The compensation of the Trustee shall not
be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse
the Trustee promptly upon its request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by
the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and expenses and disbursements
of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its own gross negligence,
bad faith or willful misconduct.

 

The Company also agrees
to indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee hereunder for, and to hold it harmless against, any and all loss,
liability, damage, claim, or expense including taxes (other than taxes based on the income of the Trustee) incurred without its
own negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust
or trusts hereunder and the performance of its duties (including in any agent capacity in which it acts), as well as the costs
and expenses of defending itself against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers
or duties hereunder, except those attributable to its gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith. The Trustee shall notify
the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate
in the defense. The Trustee may have one separate counsel of its selection and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses
of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably
withheld.

 

As security for the
performance of the obligations of the Company under this Section 11.01(a), the Trustee shall have a lien upon all property
and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust by the Trustee to pay principal of and interest
on any Securities. Notwithstanding any provisions of this Indenture to the contrary, the obligations of the Company to compensate
and indemnify the Trustee under this Section 11.01(a) shall survive the resignation or removal of the Trustee, the termination
of this Indenture and any satisfaction and discharge under Article XII. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in
connection with an Event of Default specified in clause (e) or (f) of Section 7.01 occurs, the expenses (including
the reasonable charges of its counsel) and compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration
under any applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws.

 

(b)          The
Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereof or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through its agents
or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed
with due care by it hereunder.

 

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(c)          The
Trustee shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever for the correctness of the recitals herein or in the Securities (except
its certificates of authentication thereon) contained, all of which are made solely by the Company; and the Trustee shall not be
responsible or accountable in any manner whatsoever for or with respect to the validity or execution or sufficiency of this Indenture
or of the Securities (except its certificates of authentication thereon), and the Trustee makes no representation with respect
thereto, except that the Trustee represents that it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture, authenticate the
Securities and perform its obligations hereunder and that the statements made by it in a Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 supplied
to the Company are true and accurate, subject to the qualifications set forth therein. The Trustee shall not be accountable for
the use or application by the Company of any Securities, or the proceeds of any Securities, authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture.

 

(d)          The
Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection, and, to the extent permitted by Section 11.02, any Opinion of Counsel shall
be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by the Trustee hereunder
in good faith and in accordance with such Opinion of Counsel.

 

(e)          The
Trustee, to the extent permitted by Section 11.02, may rely upon the certificate of the Secretary or one of the Assistant
Secretaries of the Company as to the adoption of any Board Resolution or resolution of the stockholders of the Company, and any
request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by, and whenever in the administration
of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting
any action hereunder, the Trustee may rely upon, an Officer’s Certificate of the Company (unless other evidence in respect
thereof be herein specifically prescribed).

 

(f)          Subject
to Section 11.04, the Trustee or any agent of the Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or
pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 310(b) and 311 of the Trust Indenture Act, may otherwise deal with the Company with
the same rights it would have had if it were not the Trustee or such agent.

 

(g)          Money
held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee
shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed in writing with the Company.

 

(h)          Any
action taken by the Trustee pursuant to any provision hereof at the request or with the consent of any Person who at the time is
the Holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding in respect of such Security upon all future Holders thereof or of any
Security or Securities which may be issued for or in lieu thereof in whole or in part, whether or not such Security shall have
noted thereon the fact that such request or consent had been made or given.

 

(i)          Subject
to the provisions of Section 11.02, the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be fully protected in acting or refraining
from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval,
bond, debenture, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document (whether in its original or facsimile form) believed
by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties.

 

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(j)          Subject
to the provisions of Section 11.02, the Trustee shall not be under any obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers
vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the Holders of the Securities, pursuant to any provision
of this Indenture, unless one or more of the Holders of the Securities shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity
satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred by it therein or thereby.

 

(k)          Subject
to the provisions of Section 11.02, the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted by it in good faith and
believed by it to be authorized or within its discretion or within the rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture.

 

(l)          Subject
to the provisions of Section 11.02, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of any Default or Event of
Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless the Holders of not less than 25% of
the Outstanding Securities notify the Trustee thereof, and such notice references the Securities and this Indenture.

 

(m)          Subject
to the provisions of the first paragraph of Section 11.02, the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the
facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent,
order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of Indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, may, but shall not be
required to, make further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and if the Trustee shall determine
to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled with the prior consent of the Company, which shall not be unreasonably
withheld, to examine the books, records and premises of the Company.

 

(n)          The
rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified,
are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder and each agent, custodian and other
Person employed to act hereunder.

 

Section 11.02         Duties
of Trustee.

 

(a)          If
one or more of the Events of Default specified in Section 7.01 with respect to the Securities of any series shall have happened,
then, during the continuance thereof, the Trustee shall, with respect to such Securities, exercise such of the rights and powers
vested in it by this Indenture, and shall use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise
or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs.

 

(b)          None
of the provisions of this Indenture shall be construed as relieving the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that, anything in this Indenture contained to the contrary notwithstanding,

 

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(i)          unless
and until an Event of Default specified in Section 7.01 with respect to the Securities of any series shall have happened which
at the time is continuing,

 

(A)         the
Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties with respect to the Securities of that series as are specifically
set out in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee, whose
duties and obligations shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture; and

 

(B)         the
Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, in the
absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee pursuant to the express
provisions of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions which, by the provisions of this Indenture,
are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether
or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations
or other facts, statements, opinions or conclusions stated therein);

 

(ii)         the
Trustee shall not be liable to any Holder of Securities or to any other Person for any error of judgment made in good faith by
a Responsible Officer or Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the
pertinent facts; and

 

(iii)        the
Trustee shall not be liable to any Holder of Securities or to any other Person with respect to any action taken or omitted to be
taken by it in good faith, in accordance with the direction of Securityholders given as provided in Section 7.06, relating
to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power
conferred upon the Trustee by this Indenture.

 

(c)          None
of the provisions of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise to incur any financial
liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have
reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably
assured to it.

 

(d)          Whether
or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or
affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section 11.02.

 

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Section
11.03       Notice of Defaults. Within 90 days after the occurrence thereof, and if
known to the Trustee, the Trustee shall give to the Holders of the Securities of a series notice of each Default or Event of
Default with respect to the Securities of such series known to the Trustee, by transmitting such notice to Holders at their
addresses as the same shall then appear on the Register of the Company, unless such Default shall have been cured or waived
before the giving of such notice (the term “Default” being hereby defined to be the events specified in
Section 7.01, which are, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, Events of Default as defined in said
Section). Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on
any of the Securities of such series when and as the same shall become payable, or to make any sinking fund payment as to
Securities of the same series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice, if and so long as a Responsible
Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the
interests of the Holders of the Securities of such series.

 

Section 11.04       Eligibility;
Disqualification.

 

(a)          The
Trustee shall at all times satisfy the requirements of TIA Section 310(a). The Trustee, together with its parent company,
shall have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50 million as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition,
and shall have a Corporate Trust Office. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions
of this Section 11.04, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

 

(b)          The
Trustee shall comply with TIA Section 310(b); provided, however, that there shall be excluded from the operation of TIA Section 310(b)(i)
any indenture or indentures under which other securities or certificates of interest or participation in other securities of the
Company are outstanding if the requirements for such exclusion set forth in TIA Section 310(b)(i) are met. If the Trustee
has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall
either eliminate such interest or resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the Trust
Indenture Act and this Indenture. If Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act is amended any time after the date of this
Indenture to change the circumstances under which a Trustee shall be deemed to have a conflicting interest with respect to the
Securities of any series or to change any of the definitions in connection therewith, this Section 11.04 shall be automatically
amended to incorporate such changes.

 

Section
11.05         Registration and Notice; Removal. The Trustee, or any
successor to it hereafter appointed, may at any time resign and be discharged of the trusts hereby created with respect to
any one or more or all series of Securities by giving to the Company notice in writing. Such resignation shall take effect
upon the appointment of a successor Trustee and the acceptance of such appointment by such successor Trustee. Any Trustee
hereunder may be removed with respect to any series of Securities at any time by the filing with such Trustee and the
delivery to the Company of an instrument or instruments in writing signed by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of
the Securities of such series then Outstanding, specifying such removal and the date when it shall become effective.

 

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If at any time:

 

(1)         the
Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of TIA Section 310(b) after written request therefor by the Company or by
any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months (or, if it is a shorter period, the period since
the initial issuance of the Securities of such series), or

 

(2)         the
Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 11.04 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company
or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months (or, if it is a shorter period, the period
since the initial issuance of the Securities of such series), or

 

(3)         the
Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property
shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose
of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation,

 

then, in any such case, (i) the Company
by written notice to the Trustee may remove the Trustee and appoint a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (ii) subject
to TIA Section 315(e), any Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months (or, if it
is a shorter period, the period since the initial issuance of the Securities of such series) may, on behalf of himself and all
others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities
and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

 

Upon its resignation
or removal, any Trustee shall be entitled to the payment of reasonable compensation for the services rendered hereunder by such
Trustee and to the payment of all reasonable expenses incurred hereunder and all moneys then due to it hereunder. The Trustee’s
rights to indemnification provided in Section 11.01(a) shall survive its resignation or removal.

 

Section 11.06      Successor
Trustee by Appointment.

 

(a)          In
case at any time the Trustee shall resign, or shall be removed (unless the Trustee shall be removed as provided in Section 11.04(b),
in which event the vacancy shall be filled as provided in said subdivision), or shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged
bankrupt or insolvent, or if a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed, or if any public officer shall take
charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation with
respect to the Securities of one or more series, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it
being understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such
series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series) may be appointed by the
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of that or those series then Outstanding, by an instrument or instruments
in writing signed in duplicate by such Holders and filed, one original thereof with the Company and the other with the successor
Trustee; but, until a successor Trustee shall have been so appointed by the Holders of Securities of that or those series as herein
authorized, the Company, or, in case all or substantially all the assets of the Company shall be in the possession of one or more
custodians or receivers lawfully appointed, or of trustees in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings (including a trustee or
trustees appointed under the provisions of the federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted), or of assignees for the
benefit of creditors, such receivers, custodians, trustees or assignees, as the case may be, by an instrument in writing, shall
appoint a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. Subject to the provisions of Sections 11.04 and 11.05,
upon the appointment as aforesaid of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee with respect
to the Securities of such series shall cease to be Trustee hereunder. After any such appointment other than by the Holders of Securities
of that or those series, the Person making such appointment shall forthwith cause notice thereof to be mailed to the Holders of
Securities of such series at their addresses as the same shall then appear on the Register of the Company but any successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series so appointed shall, immediately and without further act, be superseded by a successor
Trustee appointed by the Holders of Securities of such series in the manner above prescribed, if such appointment be made prior
to the expiration of one year from the date of the mailing of such notice by the Company, or by such receivers, trustees or assignees.
Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

 

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(b)          If
any Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall resign or be removed and a successor Trustee shall not have
been appointed by the Company or by the Holders of the Securities of such series or, if any successor Trustee so appointed shall
not have accepted its appointment by way of notice to the Trustee, then within 30 days after providing such notice, the resigning
Trustee at the expense of the Company may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.
If in any other case a successor Trustee shall not be appointed pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 11.06
within three months after such appointment might have been made hereunder, the Holder of any Security of the applicable series
or any retiring Trustee at the expense of the Company may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction to appoint a successor Trustee.
Such court may thereupon, in any such case, after such notice, if any, as such court may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor
Trustee.

 

(c)          Any
successor Trustee appointed hereunder with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute, acknowledge and deliver
to its predecessor Trustee and to the Company, or to the receivers, trustees, assignees or court appointing it, as the case may
be, an instrument accepting such appointment hereunder, and thereupon such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the authority, rights, powers, trusts, immunities, duties and obligations with respect
to such series of such predecessor Trustee with like effect as if originally named as Trustee hereunder, and such predecessor Trustee,
upon payment of its charges and disbursements then unpaid, shall thereupon become obligated to pay over, and such successor Trustee
shall be entitled to receive, all moneys and properties held by such predecessor Trustee as Trustee hereunder, subject nevertheless
to its lien provided for in Section 11.01(a). Nevertheless, on the written request of the Company or of the successor Trustee
or of the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding, such predecessor Trustee,
upon payment of its said charges and disbursements, shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee
upon the trusts herein expressed all the rights, powers and trusts of such predecessor Trustee and shall assign, transfer and deliver
to the successor Trustee all moneys and properties held by such predecessor Trustee, subject nevertheless to its lien provided
for in Section 11.01(a); and, upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall make, execute, acknowledge and
deliver any and all instruments in writing for more fully and effectually vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all
such authority, rights, powers, trusts, immunities, duties and obligations.

 

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Section 11.07         Successor
Trustee by Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. Any Person into which the Trustee or any successor
to it in the trusts created by this Indenture shall be merged or converted, or any Person with which it or any successor to it
shall be consolidated, or any Person resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee or any such successor
to it shall be a party, or any Person to which the Trustee or any successor to it shall sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially
all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor Trustee under this Indenture without the execution
or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto; provided that such Person shall be otherwise
qualified and eligible under this Article. In case at the time such successor to the Trustee shall succeed to the trusts created
by this Indenture with respect to one or more series of Securities, any of such Securities shall have been authenticated but not
delivered by the Trustee then in office, any successor to such Trustee may adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor
Trustee, and deliver such Securities so authenticated; and in case at that time any of the Securities shall not have been authenticated,
any successor to the Trustee may authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor hereunder or in the name of
the successor Trustee; and in all such cases such certificates shall have the full force which it is anywhere in the Securities
or in this Indenture provided that the certificate of the Trustee shall have; provided, however, that the right to adopt the certificate
of authentication of any predecessor Trustee or authenticate Securities in the name of any predecessor Trustee shall apply only
to its successor or successors by merger, conversion or consolidation.

 

Section 11.08         Right
to Rely on Officer’s Certificate. Subject to Section 11.02, and subject to the provisions of Section 16.01
with respect to the certificates required thereby, whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee
shall deem it necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder,
such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of gross negligence,
bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officer’s
Certificate with respect thereto delivered to the Trustee, and such Officer’s Certificate, in the absence of negligence,
bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered
or omitted by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.

 

Section 11.09         Appointment
of Authenticating Agent. The Trustee may appoint an agent (the “Authenticating Agent”) reasonably acceptable to
the Company to authenticate the Securities of the series issued upon exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof,
and the Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all
purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. The Trustee shall give written notice of such appointment to all Holders
of Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve. Unless limited by the terms of such appointment,
any such Authenticating Agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication
and delivery by the Trustee includes authentication and delivery by the Authenticating Agent. Securities so authenticated shall
be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee
hereunder.

 

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Each Authenticating
Agent shall at all times be a bank or trust company or corporation organized and doing business and in good standing under the
laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent,
having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State
authority. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements
of said supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Article XI, the combined capital and surplus of such
Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition
so published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Article
XI, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Article XI.

 

Any corporation into
which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from
any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the
corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided
such corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Article XI, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further
act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

 

An Authenticating Agent
may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving
such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible
in accordance with the provisions of this Section 11.09, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall
be acceptable to the Company and shall give written notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of the series with
respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder
shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named
as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section 11.09.

 

The Trustee agrees
to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section 11.09, and
the Trustee shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions of Section 11.01.

 

Section 11.10         Communications
by Securityholders with Other Securityholders. Holders of Securities may communicate pursuant to Section 312(b) of the
Trust Indenture Act with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities. The Company, the Trustee,
the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of Section 312(c) of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to such
communications.

 

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Article
XII

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE

 

Section 12.01         Applicability
of Article. If, pursuant to Section 3.01, provision is made for the defeasance of Securities of a series and if the Securities
of such series are denominated and payable only in U.S. Dollars (except as provided pursuant to Section 3.01), then the provisions
of this Article shall be applicable except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01 for Securities of such series.
Defeasance provisions, if any, for Securities denominated in a Foreign Currency may be specified pursuant to Section 3.01.

 

Section 12.02         Satisfaction
and Discharge of Indenture. This Indenture, with respect to the Securities of any series (if all series issued under this Indenture
are not to be affected), shall, upon Company Order, cease to be of further effect (except as to any surviving rights of registration
of transfer or exchange of such Securities herein expressly provided for and rights to receive payments of principal of and premium,
if any, and interest on such Securities) and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when,

 

(a)          either:

 

(i)          all
Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than (A) Securities that have been destroyed, lost
or stolen and that have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.07 and (B) Securities for whose payment money
has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or
discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 6.03) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

 

(ii)         all
Securities of such series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation,

 

(A)         have
become due and payable, or

 

(B)         will
become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or

 

(C)         are
to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice by the Trustee
in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, and the Company,

 

and in the case of (A), (B) or (C) above,
has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee or Paying Agent as trust funds in trust for the purpose an amount in the
Currency in which such Securities are denominated (except as otherwise provided pursuant to Section 3.01) sufficient to pay
and discharge the entire Indebtedness on such Securities for principal and premium, if any, and interest to the date of such deposit
(in the case of Securities that have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be;
provided, however, in the event a petition for relief under federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other
applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, is filed with respect to the Company within 91 days after
the deposit and the Trustee is required to return the moneys then on deposit with the Trustee to the Company, the obligations of
the Company under this Indenture with respect to such Securities shall not be deemed terminated or discharged;

 

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(b)          the
Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and

 

(c)          the
Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel each stating that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to such series have been
complied with. Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee
under Section 11.01 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of clause (a)(i)
of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 12.07 and the last paragraph of Section 6.03(e) shall survive.

 

Section 12.03         Defeasance
upon Deposit of Moneys or U.S. Government Obligations. At the Company’s option, either (a) the Company shall
be deemed to have been Discharged (as defined below) from its obligations with respect to Securities of any series on the first
day after the applicable conditions set forth below have been satisfied or (b) the Company shall cease to be under any obligation
to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth in Section 6.04 and Section 10.02 with respect to Securities
of any series (and, if so specified pursuant to Section 3.01, any other restrictive covenant added for the benefit of such
series pursuant to Section 3.01) at any time after the applicable conditions set forth below have been satisfied (such action
under clauses (a) or (b) of this paragraph in no circumstance may be construed as an Event of Default under Section 7.01):

 

(a)          The
Company shall have deposited or caused to be deposited irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds in trust, specifically pledged
as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such series (i) cash in U.S. Dollars
in an amount, or (ii) U.S. Government Obligations (as defined below) that through the payment of interest and principal in
respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment, cash in
U.S. Dollars in an amount, or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii), sufficient to pay and discharge each installment of
principal (including any mandatory sinking fund payments or any analogous payments applicable to the Outstanding Securities) of
and premium, if any, and interest on, the Outstanding Securities of such series on the dates such installments of interest or principal
and premium are due; provided that the Trustee shall have been irrevocably instructed to apply such cash or the proceeds of such
U.S. Government Obligations to said payments with respect to the Securities.

 

(b)          No
Default with respect to the Securities of such series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit (other
than a Default resulting from the borrowing of funds and the grant of any related liens to be applied to such deposit); and

 

(c)          The
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that Holders of the Securities of such series will
not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the Company’s exercise of its option
under this Section and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as
would have been the case if such action had not been exercised and, in the case of the Securities of such series being Discharged
accompanied by a ruling to that effect received from or published by the Internal Revenue Service.

 

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“Discharged”
means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness represented by, and obligations under,
the Securities of such series and to have satisfied all the obligations under this Indenture relating to the Securities of such
series (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except (A) the
rights of Holders of Securities of such series to receive, from the trust fund described in clause (a) above, payment of the
principal of and premium, if any, and interest on such Securities when such payments are due, (B) the Company’s obligations
with respect to Securities of such series under Sections 3.04, 3.06, 3.07, 6.02, 12.06 and 12.07 and (C) the rights, powers,
trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder.

 

“U.S. Government
Obligations” means securities that are (i) direct obligations of the United States for the payment of which its full
faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality
of the United States the timely of payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the
United States, that, in either case under clauses (i) or (ii) are not callable or redeemable at the action of the issuer
thereof, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended) or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of
interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depositary
receipt; provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable
to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation
or the specific payment of interest on or principal of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.

 

Section 12.04         Repayment
to Company. The Trustee and any Paying Agent shall promptly pay to the Company (or to its designee) upon Company Order any
excess moneys or U.S. Government Obligations held by them at any time, including any such moneys or obligations held by the Trustee
under any escrow trust agreement entered into pursuant to Section 12.06. The provisions of the last paragraph of Section 6.03
shall apply to any money held by the Trustee or any Paying Agent under this Article that remains unclaimed for two years after
the Maturity of any series of Securities for which money or U.S. Government Obligations have been deposited pursuant to Section 12.03.

 

Section 12.05         Indemnity
for U.S. Government Obligations. The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge
imposed on or assessed against the cash or deposited U.S. Government Obligations or the principal or interest received in respect
thereof.

 

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Section 12.06         Deposits
to Be Held in Escrow. Any deposits with the Trustee referred to in Section 12.03 above shall be irrevocable (except to
the extent provided in Sections 12.04 and 12.07) and shall be made under the terms of an escrow trust agreement in form and substance
agreed upon by the Trustee and the Company. If any Outstanding Securities of a series are to be redeemed prior to their Stated
Maturity, whether pursuant to any optional redemption provisions or in accordance with any mandatory or optional sinking fund requirement,
the applicable escrow trust agreement shall provide therefor and the Company shall make such arrangements as are satisfactory to
the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company. The agreement
shall provide that, upon satisfaction of any mandatory sinking fund payment requirements, whether by deposit of moneys, application
of proceeds of deposited U.S. Government Obligations or, if permitted, by delivery of Securities, the Trustee shall pay or deliver
over to the Company as excess moneys pursuant to Section 12.04 all funds or obligations then held under the agreement and
allocable to the sinking fund payment requirements so satisfied.

 

If Securities of a
series with respect to which such deposits are made may be subject to later redemption at the option of the Company or pursuant
to optional sinking fund payments, the applicable escrow trust agreement may, at the option of the Company, provide therefor. In
the case of an optional redemption in whole or in part, such agreement shall require the Company to deposit with the Trustee on
or before the date notice of redemption is given funds sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of the Securities to be redeemed
together with all unpaid interest thereon to the Redemption Date. Upon such deposit of funds, the Trustee shall pay or deliver
over to the Company as excess funds pursuant to Section 12.04 all funds or obligations then held under such agreement and
allocable to the Securities to be redeemed. In the case of exercise of optional sinking fund payment rights by the Company, such
agreement shall, at the option of the Company, provide that upon deposit by the Company with the Trustee of funds pursuant to such
exercise the Trustee shall pay or deliver over to the Company as excess funds pursuant to Section 12.04 all funds or obligations
then held under such agreement for such series and allocable to the Securities to be redeemed.

 

Section 12.07         Application
of Trust Money.

 

(a)          Neither
the Trustee nor any other Paying Agent shall be required to pay interest on any moneys deposited pursuant to the provisions of
this Indenture, except such as it shall agree with the Company in writing to pay thereon. Any moneys so deposited for the payment
of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years after
the date of the maturity of the Securities of such series or the date fixed for the redemption of all the Securities of such series
at the time outstanding, as the case may be, shall be repaid by the Trustee or such other Paying Agent to the Company upon its
written request and thereafter, anything in this Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding, any rights of the Holders of Securities
of such series in respect of which such moneys shall have been deposited shall be enforceable only against the Company, and all
liability of the Trustee or such other Paying Agent with respect to such moneys shall thereafter cease.

 

(b)          Subject
to the provisions of the foregoing paragraph, any moneys which at any time shall be deposited by the Company or on its behalf with
the Trustee or any other Paying Agent for the purpose of paying the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on any of the Securities
shall be and are hereby assigned, transferred and set over to the Trustee or such other Paying Agent in trust for the respective
Holders of the Securities for the purpose for which such moneys shall have been deposited; but such moneys need not be segregated
from other funds except to the extent required by law.

 

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Section 12.08      Deposits
of Non-U.S. Currencies. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Article, if the Securities of any series are payable
in a Currency other than U.S. Dollars, the Currency or the nature of the government obligations to be deposited with the Trustee
under the foregoing provisions of this Article shall be as set forth in the Officer’s Certificate or established in the supplemental
indenture under which the Securities of such series are issued.

 

Article
XIII

IMMUNITY OF CERTAIN PERSONS

 

Section 13.01      No
Personal Liability. No recourse shall be had for the payment of the principal of, or the premium, if any, or interest on, any
Security or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof or of the Indebtedness represented thereby, or upon any
obligation, covenant or agreement of this Indenture, against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, as such, past,
present or future, of the Company or of any successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any successor corporation,
whether by virtue of any constitutional provision, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or
otherwise; it being expressly agreed and understood that this Indenture and the Securities are solely corporate obligations, and
that no personal liability whatsoever shall attach to, or be incurred by, any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, as
such, past, present or future, of the Company or of any successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any successor
corporation, because of the incurring of the Indebtedness hereby authorized or under or by reason of any of the obligations, covenants,
promises or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities, or to be implied herefrom or therefrom, and that
all liability, if any, of that character against every such incorporator, stockholder, officer and director is, by the acceptance
of the Securities and as a condition of, and as part of the consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issue of
the Securities expressly waived and released.

 

Article
XIV

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

 

Section 14.01      Without
Consent of Securityholders. Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.01 with respect to any series of
Securities, the Company and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental
hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any one or more of or all the following purposes:

 

(a)          to
add to the covenants and agreements of the Company, to be observed thereafter and during the period, if any, in such supplemental
indenture or indentures expressed, and to add Events of Default, in each case for the protection or benefit of the Holders of all
or any series of the Securities (and if such covenants, agreements and Events of Default are to be for the benefit of fewer than
all series of Securities, stating that such covenants, agreements and Events of Default are expressly being included for the benefit
of such series as shall be identified therein), or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;

 

(b)          to
delete or modify any Events of Default with respect to all or any series of the Securities, the form and terms of which are being
established pursuant to such supplemental indenture as permitted in Section 3.01 (and, if any such Event of Default is applicable
to fewer than all such series of the Securities, specifying the series to which such Event of Default is applicable), and to specify
the rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders of such Securities in connection therewith;

 

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(c)          to
add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to provide, change or eliminate any restrictions on the payment of principal
of or premium, if any, on Securities; provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of
Securities of any series in any material respect;

 

(d)          to
change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture; provided that any such change or elimination shall become effective
only when there is no Outstanding Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture that is
entitled to the benefit of such provision and as to which such supplemental indenture would apply;

 

(e)          to
evidence the succession of another corporation to the Company, or successive successions, and the assumption by such successor
of the covenants and obligations of the Company contained in the Securities of one or more series and in this Indenture or any
supplemental indenture;

 

(f)          to
evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to one or more series of Securities
and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary for or facilitate the administration of the
trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 11.06(c);

 

(g)          to
secure any series of Securities;

 

(h)          to
evidence any changes to this Indenture pursuant to Sections 11.05, 11.06 or 11.07 hereof as permitted by the terms thereof;

 

(i)          to
cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision contained herein or in any indenture supplemental hereto which may
be defective or inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture or to conform the terms
hereof, as amended and supplemented, that are applicable to the Securities of any series to the description of the terms of such
Securities in the offering memorandum, prospectus supplement or other offering document applicable to such Securities at the time
of initial sale thereof, provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of
such series or any other series of Securities;

 

(j)          to
add to or change or eliminate any provision of this Indenture as shall be necessary or desirable in accordance with any amendments
to the Trust Indenture Act;

 

(k)          to
add guarantors or co-obligors with respect to any series of Securities or to release guarantors from their guarantees of Securities
in accordance with the terms of the applicable series of Securities;

 

(l)          to
make any change in any series of Securities that does not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of the Holders
of such Securities;

 

(m)          to
provide for uncertificated securities in addition to certificated securities;

 

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(n)          to
supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance
and discharge of any series of Securities; provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders
of Securities of such series or any other series of Securities;

 

(o)          to
prohibit the authentication and delivery of additional series of Securities; or

 

(p)          to
establish the form and terms of Securities of any series as permitted in Section 3.01, or to authorize the issuance of additional
Securities of a series previously authorized or to add to the conditions, limitations or restrictions on the authorized amount,
terms or purposes of issue, authentication or delivery of the Securities of any series, as herein set forth, or other conditions,
limitations or restrictions thereafter to be observed.

 

Subject to the provisions
of Section 14.03, the Trustee is authorized to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture,
to make the further agreements and stipulations which may be therein contained and to accept the conveyance, transfer, assignment,
mortgage or pledge of any property or assets thereunder.

 

Any supplemental indenture
authorized by the provisions of this Section 14.01 may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the
Holders of any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 14.02.

 

Section 14.02      With
Consent of Securityholders; Limitations.

 

(a)          With
the consent of the Holders (evidenced as provided in Article VIII) of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture voting separately, the Company and the Trustee may, from time
to time and at any time, enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to
or changing in any manner or eliminating any provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders
of the Securities of such series to be affected; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent
of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of each such series affected thereby,

 

(i)          extend
the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of interest on, any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof
or the interest thereon or any premium payable upon redemption thereof, or extend the Stated Maturity of, or change the place of
payment where, or the Currency in which the principal of and premium, if any, or interest on such Security is denominated or payable,
or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon a declaration of
acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 7.02, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of
any payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or materially
adversely affect the economic terms of any right to convert or exchange any Security as may be provided pursuant to Section 3.01;
or

 

(ii)         reduce
the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any
supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions of this
Indenture or certain Defaults hereunder and their consequences provided for in this Indenture; or

 

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(iii)        modify
any of the provisions of this Section, Section 7.06 or Section 6.06, except to increase any such percentage or to provide
that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding
Security affected thereby; provided, however, that this clause shall not be deemed to require the consent of any Holder with respect
to changes in the references to “the Trustee” and concomitant changes in this Section and Section 6.06, or the
deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of Sections 11.06 and 14.01(f); or

 

(iv)        modify,
without the written consent of the Trustee, the rights, duties or immunities of the Trustee.

 

(b)          A
supplemental indenture that changes or eliminates any provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for
the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series
with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders
of Securities of any other series.

 

(c)          It
shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders under this Section 14.02 to approve the particular form of any
proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.

 

(d)          The
Company may set a record date for purposes of determining the identity of the Holders of each series of Securities entitled to
give a written consent or waive compliance by the Company as authorized or permitted by this Section. Such record date shall not
be more than 30 days prior to the first solicitation of such consent or waiver or the date of the most recent list of Holders furnished
to the Trustee prior to such solicitation pursuant to Section 312 of the Trust Indenture Act.

 

(e)          Promptly
after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section 14.02,
the Company shall mail a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the Holders of
Securities at their addresses as the same shall then appear in the Register of the Company. Any failure of the Company to mail
such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.

 

Section 14.03         Trustee
Protected. Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by the Officer’s Certificate and Opinion of Counsel required
by Section 16.01 and evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee of consent of the Holders if the supplemental indenture
is to be executed pursuant to Section 14.02, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of said supplemental
indenture unless said supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture
or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into said supplemental indenture.
The Trustee shall be fully protected in relying upon such Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel.

 

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Section 14.04      Effect
of Execution of Supplemental Indenture. Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this
Article XIV, this Indenture shall be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and, except as herein otherwise
expressly provided, the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture of the
Trustee, the Company and the Holders of all of the Securities or of the Securities of any series affected, as the case may be,
shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments,
and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions
of this Indenture for any and all purposes.

 

Section 14.05      Notation
on or Exchange of Securities. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental
indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article may bear a notation in the form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided
for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company or the Trustee shall so determine, new Securities so modified as to conform,
in the opinion of the Trustee and the Board of Directors of the Company, to any modification of this Indenture contained in any
such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange
for the Securities then Outstanding in equal aggregate principal amounts, and such exchange shall be made without cost to the Holders
of the Securities.

 

Section 14.06      Conformity
with TIA. Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to the provisions of this Article shall conform to the requirements
of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

 

Article
XV

SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

 

Section 15.01      Agreement
to Subordinate. In the event a series of Securities is designated as subordinated pursuant to Section 3.01, and except
as otherwise provided in a Company Order or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, the Company, for itself, its successors
and assigns, covenants and agrees, and each Holder of Securities of such series by his, her or its acceptance thereof, likewise
covenants and agrees, that the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on each and all of the Securities
of such series is hereby expressly subordinated, to the extent and in the manner hereinafter set forth, in right of payment to
the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness. In the event a series of Securities is not designated as subordinated pursuant
to Section 3.01(s), this Article XV shall have no effect upon the Securities.

 

Section 15.02     Distribution
on Dissolution, Liquidation and Reorganization; Subrogation of Securities. Subject to Section 15.01, upon any distribution
of assets of the Company upon any dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization of the Company, whether in bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization or receivership proceedings or upon an assignment for the benefit of creditors or any other marshalling
of the assets and liabilities of the Company or otherwise (subject to the power of a court of competent jurisdiction to make other
equitable provision reflecting the rights conferred in this Indenture upon the Senior Indebtedness and the holders thereof with
respect to the Securities and the holders thereof by a lawful plan of reorganization under applicable bankruptcy law):

 

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(a)          the
holders of all Senior Indebtedness shall be entitled to receive payment in full of the principal thereof (and premium, if any)
and interest due thereon before the Holders of the Securities are entitled to receive any payment upon the principal (or premium,
if any) or interest, if any, on Indebtedness evidenced by the Securities; and

 

(b)          any
payment or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to which the
Holders of the Securities or the Trustee would be entitled except for the provisions of this Article XV shall be paid by the liquidation
trustee or agent or other Person making such payment or distribution, whether a trustee in bankruptcy, a receiver or liquidating
trustee or otherwise, directly to the holders of Senior Indebtedness or their representative or representatives or to the trustee
or trustees under any indenture under which any instruments evidencing any of such Senior Indebtedness may have been issued, ratably
according to the aggregate amounts remaining unpaid on account of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Senior
Indebtedness held or represented by each, to the extent necessary to make payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness remaining
unpaid, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness; and

 

(c)          in
the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether
in cash, property or securities prohibited by the foregoing, shall be received by the Trustee or the Holders of the Securities
before all Senior Indebtedness is paid in full, such payment or distribution shall be paid over, upon written notice to a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee, to the holder of such Senior Indebtedness or his, her or its representative or representatives or to the
trustee or trustees under any indenture under which any instrument evidencing any of such Senior Indebtedness may have been issued,
ratably as aforesaid, as calculated by the Company, for application to payment of all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid until
all such Senior Indebtedness shall have been paid in full, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to the
holders of such Senior Indebtedness.

 

(d)          Subject
to the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness, the Holders of the Securities shall be subrogated to the rights of the holders
of Senior Indebtedness (to the extent that distributions otherwise payable to such holder have been applied to the payment of Senior
Indebtedness) to receive payments or distributions of cash, property or securities of the Company applicable to Senior Indebtedness
until the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Securities shall be paid in full and no such payments
or distributions to the Holders of the Securities of cash, property or securities otherwise distributable to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness shall, as between the Company, its creditors other than the holders of Senior Indebtedness, and the Holders of the
Securities be deemed to be a payment by the Company to or on account of the Securities. It is understood that the provisions of
this Article XV are and are intended solely for the purpose of defining the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities, on
the one hand, and the holders of the Senior Indebtedness, on the other hand. Nothing contained in this Article XV or elsewhere
in this Indenture or in the Securities is intended to or shall impair, as between the Company, its creditors other than the holders
of Senior Indebtedness, and the Holders of the Securities, the obligation of the Company, which is unconditional and absolute,
to pay to the Holders of the Securities the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Securities as and when
the same shall become due and payable in accordance with their terms, or to affect the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities
and creditors of the Company other than the holders of Senior Indebtedness, nor shall anything herein or in the Securities prevent
the Trustee or the Holder of any Security from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default under
this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article XV of the holders of Senior Indebtedness in respect of cash,
property or securities of the Company received upon the exercise of any such remedy. Upon any payment or distribution of assets
of the Company referred to in this Article XV, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 15.05, shall be entitled
to conclusively rely upon a certificate of the liquidating trustee or agent or other person making any distribution to the Trustee
for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of Senior Indebtedness and
other indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereof and
all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article XV.

 

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Section 15.03         No
Payment on Securities in Event of Default on Senior Indebtedness. Subject to Section 15.01, no payment by the Company
on account of principal (or premium, if any), sinking funds or interest, if any, on the Securities shall be made at anytime if:
(i) a default on Senior Indebtedness exists that permits the holders of such Senior Indebtedness to accelerate its maturity
and (ii) the default is the subject of judicial proceedings or the Company has received notice of such default. The Company
may resume payments on the Securities when full payment of amounts then due for principal (premium, if any), sinking funds and
interest on Senior Indebtedness has been made or duly provided for in money or money’s worth.

 

In the event that,
notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment shall be received by the Trustee when such payment is prohibited by the preceding paragraph
of this Section 15.03, such payment shall be held in trust for the benefit of, and shall be paid over or delivered to, the
holders of such Senior Indebtedness or their respective representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant
to which any of such Senior Indebtedness may have been issued, as their respective interests may appear, as calculated by the Company,
but only to the extent that the holders of such Senior Indebtedness (or their representative or representatives or a trustee) notify
the Trustee in writing within 90 days of such payment of the amounts then due and owing on such Senior Indebtedness and only the
amounts specified in such notice to the Trustee shall be paid to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness.

 

Section 15.04         Payments
on Securities Permitted. Subject to Section 15.01, nothing contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities shall
(a) affect the obligation of the Company to make, or prevent the Company from making, at any time except as provided in Sections
15.02 and 15.03, payments of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Securities or (b) prevent the application
by the Trustee of any moneys or assets deposited with it hereunder to the payment of or on account of the principal of (or premium,
if any) or interest, if any, on the Securities, unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have received at its Corporate
Trust Office written notice of any fact prohibiting the making of such payment from the Company or from the holder of any Senior
Indebtedness or from the trustee for any such holder, together with proof satisfactory to the Trustee of such holding of Senior
Indebtedness or of the authority of such trustee more than two Business Days prior to the date fixed for such payment.

 

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Section 15.05         Authorization
of Securityholders to Trustee to Effect Subordination. Subject to Section 15.01, each Holder of Securities by his acceptance
thereof authorizes and directs the Trustee on his, her or its behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to
effectuate the subordination as provided in this Article XV and appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for any and all such
purposes.

 

Section 15.06         Notices
to Trustee. The Company shall give prompt written notice to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee of any fact known to the Company
that would prohibit the making of any payment of monies or assets to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities of any series
pursuant to the provisions of this Article XV. Subject to Section 15.01, notwithstanding the provisions of this Article XV
or any other provisions of this Indenture, neither the Trustee nor any Paying Agent (other than the Company) shall be charged with
knowledge of the existence of any Senior Indebtedness or of any fact which would prohibit the making of any payment of moneys or
assets to or by the Trustee or such Paying Agent, unless and until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall
have received (in the case of a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee) written notice
thereof from the Company or from the holder of any Senior Indebtedness or from the trustee for any such holder, together with proof
satisfactory to the Trustee of such holding of Senior Indebtedness or of the authority of such trustee and, prior to the receipt
of any such written notice, the Trustee shall be entitled in all respects conclusively to presume that no such facts exist; provided,
however, that if at least two Business Days prior to the date upon which by the terms hereof any such moneys or assets may become
payable for any purpose (including, without limitation, the payment of either the principal (or premium, if any) or interest, if
any, on any Security) a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall not have received with respect to such moneys or assets the notice
provided for in this Section 15.06, then, anything herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have
full power and authority to receive such moneys or assets and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were received, and
shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary which may be received by it within two Business Days prior to such date. The
Trustee shall be entitled to rely on the delivery to it of a written notice by a Person representing himself to be a holder of
Senior Indebtedness (or a trustee on behalf of such holder) to establish that such a notice has been given by a holder of Senior
Indebtedness or a trustee on behalf of any such holder. In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that further evidence
is required with respect to the right of any Person as a holder of Senior Indebtedness to participate in any payment or distribution
pursuant to this Article XV, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee
as to the amount of Senior Indebtedness held by such Person, the extent to which such Person is entitled to participate in such
payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article XV and, if such evidence
is not furnished, the Trustee may defer any payment to such Person pending judicial determination as to the right of such Person
to receive such payment.

 

Section 15.07         Trustee
as Holder of Senior Indebtedness. Subject to Section 15.01, the Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to
all the rights set forth in this Article XV in respect of any Senior Indebtedness at any time held by it to the same extent as
any other holder of Senior Indebtedness and nothing in this Indenture shall be construed to deprive the Trustee of any of its rights
as such holder. Nothing in this Article XV shall apply to claims of, or payments to, the Trustee under or pursuant to Sections
7.05 or 11.01.

 

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Section 15.08         Modifications
of Terms of Senior Indebtedness. Subject to Section 15.01, any renewal or extension of the time of payment of any Senior
Indebtedness or the exercise by the holders of Senior Indebtedness of any of their rights under any instrument creating or evidencing
Senior Indebtedness, including, without limitation, the waiver of default thereunder, may be made or done all without notice to
or assent from the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee. No compromise, alteration, amendment, modification, extension, renewal
or other change of, or waiver, consent or other action in respect of, any liability or obligation under or in respect of, or of
any of the terms, covenants or conditions of any indenture or other instrument under which any Senior Indebtedness is outstanding
or of such Senior Indebtedness, whether or not such release is in accordance with the provisions of any applicable document, shall
in any way alter or affect any of the provisions of this Article XV or of the Securities relating to the subordination thereof.

 

Section 15.09         Reliance
on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent. Subject to Section 15.01, upon any payment or distribution of assets
of the Company referred to in this Article XV, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities shall be entitled to conclusively
rely upon any order or decree entered by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership,
liquidation, reorganization, dissolution, winding up or similar case or proceeding is pending, or a certificate of the trustee
in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, custodian, receiver, assignee for the benefit of creditors, agent or other person making such
payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities, for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons
entitled to participate in such payment or distribution, the holders of Senior Indebtedness and other indebtedness of the Company,
the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto
or to this Article XV.

 

Section 15.10         Satisfaction
and Discharge; Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance. Subject to Section 15.01, amounts and U.S. Government Obligations deposited
in trust with the Trustee pursuant to and in accordance with Article XII and not, at the time of such deposit, prohibited to be
deposited under Sections 15.02 or 15.03 shall not be subject to this Article XV.

 

Section 15.11         Trustee
Not Fiduciary for Holders of Senior Indebtedness. With respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness, the Trustee undertakes
to perform or observe only such of its covenants and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Article XV, and no implied
covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee.
The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Indebtedness. The Trustee shall not be liable
to any such holder if it shall pay over or distribute to or on behalf of Holders of Securities or the Company, or any other Person,
moneys or assets to which any holder of Senior Indebtedness shall be entitled by virtue of this Article XV or otherwise.

 

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Article
XVI

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

 

Section 16.01         Certificates
and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent.

 

(a)          Upon
any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the
Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for
in this Indenture (including any covenant compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent) relating to the proposed action
have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have
been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such document is specifically
required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion
need be furnished.

 

(b)          Each
certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition
or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than the certificates provided pursuant to Section 6.05 of this Indenture)
shall include (i) a statement that the Person signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and
the definitions herein related thereto; (ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation
upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the view
or opinion of such Person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable such Person to express
an informed view or opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (iv) a statement as
to whether or not, in the view or opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

 

(c)          Any
certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate
or opinion of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that
the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his or her certificate, statement or opinion
is based are erroneous. Any certificate, statement or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters,
upon a certificate, statement or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information
with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable
care should know, that the certificate, statement or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.

 

(d)          Any
certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Company or of counsel to the Company may be based, insofar as it relates
to accounting matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an accountant or firm of accountants, unless such
officer or counsel, as the case may be, knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion
or representations with respect to the accounting matters upon which his or her certificate, statement or opinion may be based
are erroneous. Any certificate or opinion of any firm of independent registered public accountants filed with the Trustee shall
contain a statement that such firm is independent.

 

(e)          In
any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary
that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered
by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such
Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

 

    	 	68 	 

     

    

 

(f)          Where
any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions
or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

 

Section 16.02         Trust
Indenture Act Controls. If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties
imposed by, or another provision included in this Indenture which is required to be included in this Indenture by any of the provisions
of Sections 310 to 318, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties or incorporated provision shall control.

 

Section 16.03         Notices
to the Company and Trustee. Any notice or demand authorized by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed
with, the Company or the Trustee shall be sufficiently made, given, furnished or filed for all purposes if it shall be mailed or
delivered to:

 

(a)          the
Company, at 2 Gansevoort Street, 9th Floor, New York, New York 10014, Attention: Lucy Lu, M.D. or at such other address
or facsimile number as may have been furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.

 

(b)          the
Trustee, at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, Attention: Trust Administrator.

 

Any such notice, demand
or other document shall be in the English language.

 

Section 16.04         Notices
to Securityholders; Waiver. Any notice required or permitted to be given to Securityholders shall be sufficiently given (unless
otherwise herein expressly provided),

 

(a)          if
to Holders, if given in writing by first class mail, postage prepaid, to such Holders at their addresses as the same shall appear
on the Register of the Company.

 

(b)          In
the event of suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give notice by mail,
then such notification as shall be given with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute sufficient notice for every purpose
hereunder.

 

(c)          Where
this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice,
either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be
filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance on such
waiver. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail; neither the failure to mail such notice nor any defect in any notice
so mailed to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders, and any notice that
is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given. In any case where notice to Holders
is given by publication, any defect in any notice so published as to any particular Holder shall not affect the sufficiency of
such notice with respect to other Holders, and any notice that is published in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively
presumed to have been duly given.

 

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Section 16.05         Legal
Holiday. Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.01, in any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption
Date or Maturity of any Security of any series shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment for the Securities of that series,
then payment of principal and premium, if any, or interest need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made
on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on such Interest Payment
Date, Redemption Date or Maturity and no interest shall accrue on such payment for the period from and after such Interest Payment
Date, Redemption Date or Maturity, as the case may be, to such Business Day if such payment is made or duly provided for on such
Business Day.

 

Section 16.06         Effects
of Headings and Table of Contents. The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only
and shall not affect the construction hereof.

 

Section 16.07         Successors
and Assigns. All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the parties hereto shall bind their respective successors and
assigns and inure to the benefit of their permitted successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

 

Section 16.08         Separability
Clause. In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity,
legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

 

Section 16.09         Benefits
of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture expressed and nothing that may be implied from any of the provisions hereof is intended,
or shall be construed, to confer upon, or to give to, any Person or corporation other than the parties hereto and their successors
and the Holders of the Securities any benefit or any right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Indenture or any covenant,
condition, stipulation, promise or agreement hereof, and all covenants, conditions, stipulations, promises and agreements in this
Indenture contained shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the parties hereto and their successors and of the Holders of
the Securities.

 

Section 16.10         Counterparts
Originals. This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an
original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

 

Section 16.11         Governing
Law; Waiver of Trial by Jury. This Indenture and the Securities shall be deemed to be contracts made under the law of the State
of New York, and for all purposes shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of said State.

 

EACH PARTY HERETO, AND EACH HOLDER OF A
SECURITY BY ACCEPTANCE THEREOF, HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL
BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS INDENTURE.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the parties have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the date first written above.

 

	 	
        AVENUE THERAPEUTICS, INC.,

        as Issuer

	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	Name:	 
	 	Title:	 
	 	 
	 	[                                       ],
	 	as Trustee
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	Name: 	 
	 	Title:	 

 

    	 	71AMENDED
AND RESTATED EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

 

This
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement (this “Agreement”), effective as of April 11, 2018 (the “Effective
Date”), is between Corbus Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) and Yuval Cohen
(the “Executive”).

 

WITNESSETH:

 

WHEREAS,
the Executive has been employed by the Company as its Chief Executive Officer pursuant to the terms of an employment agreement
dated April 11, 2014, as amended (the “Prior Employment Agreement”);

 

WHEREAS,
the Company desires to continue to employ the Executive as its Chief Executive Officer, and the Executive desires to accept such
continued employment, on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement; and

 

WHEREAS,
the Company and the Executive have mutually agreed that, as of the Effective Date, this Agreement shall amend, restate and replace
the Prior Employment Agreement.

 

NOW,
THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein and other good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound
hereby, agree as follows:

 

	1.	EMPLOYMENT.
    Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Company hereby employs the Executive, and the Executive hereby accepts
    such employment by the Company commencing on the Effective Date.

 

	2.	SCOPE
    OF EMPLOYMENT. During the term of this Agreement, Executive shall hold the position of Chief Executive Officer and
    shall have those duties and responsibilities customarily associated with the title of Chief Executive Officer plus any additional
    duties as may reasonably be assigned to him from time to time by the Company. The Executive shall report directly to the Board
    of Directors. The Executive will devote his full time and best efforts to the business and affairs of the Company. The Executive
    shall be subject to and comply with the Company’s policies, procedures and approval practices as generally in effect
    at any time and from time to time.

 

	3.	PREVIOUS
    OBLIGATIONS. The Executive represents that his employment by the Company and the performance of his duties on behalf
    of the Company does not, and shall not, breach any agreement that obligates the Executive to keep in confidence any trade
    secrets or confidential or proprietary information of any other party or to refrain from competing, directly or indirectly,
    with the business of any other party. The Executive shall not disclose to the Company any trade secrets or confidential or
    proprietary information of any other party.

 

	4.	COMPENSATION.
    As full compensation for all services to be rendered by Executive during the term of this Agreement, the Company will compensate
    the Executive as follows.

 

	 	4.1	Base
    Salary. The Company shall pay the Executive a base salary (the “Base Salary”) at the annualized
    rate of $540,000, which shall be subject to customary withholdings and authorized deductions and shall be payable in equal
    installments in accordance with the Company’s customary payroll practices in place from time to time. The Executive’s
    Base Salary shall be subject to review on at least an annual basis. The foregoing annualized rate will be effective for fiscal
    year 2018 and may be reevaluated by the Company’s Board of Directors for fiscal year 2019.

 

    	 	 	 

     

    

 

	 	4.2	Annual
    Bonus.

 

	 	(a)	The
    Executive will be eligible to participate in an annual executive bonus plan pursuant to which he may earn a bonus (“Bonus”)
    equal to up to 55% of his Base Salary (such maximum bonus may be referred to as the “Target Bonus”).

 

	 	(b)	Prior
    to the commencement of each calendar year the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) will
    establish and approve the Target Bonus for such calendar year. Achievement of the Target Bonus will be based on the Executive
    meeting individual objectives and the Company meeting company-wide objectives (collectively, the “Performance
    Criteria”).

 

	 	(c)	The
    Board may, in its discretion, grant the Executive a Bonus in excess of the Target Bonus if the Performance Criteria are exceeded.

 

	 	(d)	Following
    the close of each calendar year but in no event later than January 30th, the Board will meet and determine the extent to which
    the Performance Criteria have been achieved for such year and the amount of the Bonus. Based on that determination, payment
    of the Bonus (if any) shall be made by March 15th.

 

	 	(e)	Notwithstanding
    the foregoing to the contrary (including all Performance Criteria being met), payment of the Bonus shall be at the discretion
    of the Board based on the financial condition of the Company.

 

	 	4.3	Stock
    Option Grants. During the Term, subject to the terms of the Corbus Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. 2014 Equity Compensation
    Plan (the “2014 Plan”) or any successor equity compensation plan as may be in place from time to
    time and separate award agreements, the Executive shall be eligible to receive from time to time additional stock options
    or other awards in amounts, if any, to be approved by the Board or the Compensation Committee in its discretion.

 

	 	4.4	Benefits.
    During his employment and subject to any contribution therefore generally required of employees of the Company, the
    Executive shall be entitled to participate in any and all employee benefit plans from time to time in effect for executive
    employees of the Company generally. Such participation shall be subject to (i) the terms of the applicable plan documents,
    (ii) generally applicable policies of the Company and (iii) the discretion of the Board or any administrative or other committee
    provided for in or contemplated by such plan. The Company may alter, modify, add to or delete its employee benefit plans at
    any time as it, in its sole judgment, deems appropriate.

 

	 	4.5	Vacations
    and Holidays. During the term of his employment, the Executive shall be entitled to 15 paid days off (none of which
    may be carried over from one year to the next) as well as those paid public holidays provided for in the Company’s standard
    policies, as they may be amended from time to time.

 

	 	4.6	Changes
    to Compensation. After the Term (as defined below), the Company may, at its sole discretion, change the terms of the
    Executive’s compensation (other than the terms and conditions of outstanding options or other awards under the 2014
    Plan which shall continue to be governed by the applicable award agreements and the 2014 Plan). The Company shall give the
    Executive at least 14 days’ prior written notice of any such changes.

 

	5.	EXPENSES.
    The Executive shall be entitled to reimbursement by the Company for all necessary and reasonable travel, entertainment and
    other business expenses incurred by him in connection with his duties hereunder. The Company shall reimburse the Executive
    for all such expenses upon presentation of an itemized account and appropriate supporting documentation, all in accordance
    with the Company’s generally applicable policies as in effect from time to time.

 

    	 	-2-	 

     

    

 

	6.	CONFIDENTIALITY.

 

	 	6.1	Definition.
    During the term of his employment, the Executive will have access to the Company’s confidential business information
    (the “Confidential Information”). The definition of Confidential Information includes any information
    regarding the Company or its affiliates that is not generally available to the public. By way of example not limitation, Confidential
    Information includes inventions, designs, data, computer code, works of authorship, know-how, trade secrets, formulas, compounds,
    indications, techniques, ideas, discoveries, products and services under development, employee, investor, customer and vendor
    information of any kind, marketing and business plans and financial information of any kind including pricing and profit margins.

 

	 	6.2	Ownership
    of Confidential Information. The Confidential Information (and all documents containing Confidential Information)
    is and will, as between the Executive and the Company, be the sole property of the Company.

 

	 	6.3	Protection
    and Use of Confidential Information. The Executive shall preserve and protect the confidentiality and security of
    the Confidential Information. At all times during and after his employment by the Company and thereafter, the Executive will
    protect and not disclose to any third party any Confidential Information. The Executive shall not use the Confidential Information
    or make any use of, the Confidential Information, except in connection with the performance of his duties for the Company
    and for no other purpose or person.

   

	 	6.4	Return
    of Confidential Information. Upon request of the Company, the Executive will promptly (i) deliver to the Company all
    documents and other tangible media in the Executive’s possession or control that evidence, contain or reflect Confidential
    Information (including all copies, reproductions, digests, abstracts, analyses, and notes) and (ii) destroy any intangible
    materials that evidence, contain or reflect Confidential Information on equipment or media not owned by the Company.

 

	7.	ASSIGNMENT
    OF WORK PRODUCT.

 

	 	7.1	Definitions.
    The following capitalized terms shall have the meanings assigned to them below:

 

“Intellectual
Property” means collectively all Work Product and all Intellectual Property Rights relating to all Work Product.

 

“Intellectual
Property Rights” means all copyrights, copyright registrations and copyright applications, trademarks, service marks,
trade dress, trade names, trademark registrations and trademark applications, patents and patent applications, trade secret rights,
and all other rights and interests existing, created or protectable under any intellectual property or other law of any nation.

 

“Work
Product” means any and all inventions, discoveries, original works of authorship, developments, improvements, formulas,
compounds, indications, techniques, concepts, data and ideas (whether or not patentable or registerable under patent, copyright,
or similar statute) made, conceived, prepared, created, discovered, or reduced to practice by the Executive, either alone or jointly
with others during the period of his employment, that (i) result or relate to work performed by the Executive for the Company,
(ii) are made by use of the equipment, supplies, facilities or Confidential Information, or are made, conceived or completed,
wholly or in part, during hours in which the Executive is employed by the Company, or (iii) are related to the business of the
Company or the actual or demonstrably anticipated business of the Company.

 

	 	7.2	Property
    of the Company. All Intellectual Property is and will be the sole property of the Company.

 

	 	7.3	Copyrights;
    Assignment. The Executive agrees that all copyrightable materials that fall within the definition of Work Product,
    will be, to the maximum extent permitted by law, works-made-for-hire for the Company under copyright law, and to the extent
    not works-made-for-hire, the Executive hereby assigns to the Company, without royalty or further consideration to the Executive,
    all right, title, and interest he may have, or may acquire, in and to all Intellectual Property.

   

    	 	-3-	 

     

    

 

	 	7.4	Disclosure.
    The Executive will promptly disclose in writing all Work Product to the Company. The Executive agrees to keep adequate and
    current written records of all such Work Product, in the form of notes, sketches, drawings, electronic records and/or other
    reports, which records are, and will remain, the sole property of the Company and will be available to the Company at all
    times.

 

	 	7.5	Execution
    of Documents. Whenever requested by the Company, both during the period of the Executive’s employment and thereafter,
    the Executive will promptly sign and deliver to the Company any and all applications, assignments and other documents that
    the Company considers necessary or desirable in order to: (a) assign, apply for, obtain, and maintain any Intellectual Property
    Rights in the United States and for other countries relating to any Work Product, (b) assign and convey to the Company or
    its designee the sole and exclusive right, title, and interest in and to all Intellectual Property, (c) provide evidence regarding
    the Intellectual Property that the Company considers necessary or desirable, and (d) confirm the Company’s ownership
    of the Intellectual Property, all without royalty or any other further consideration to the Executive.

 

	 	7.6	Assistance
    to the Company. Whenever requested by the Company, both during the period of the Executive’s employment and
    thereafter, the Executive will assist the Company in assigning, obtaining, maintaining, defending, registering and from time
    to time enforcing, in any and all countries, the Company’s right to the Intellectual Property. This assistance may include,
    without limitation, testifying in a suit or other proceeding. If the Company requires assistance from the Executive after
    termination of his employment, the Executive will be compensated for time actually spent in providing assistance at an hourly
    rate equivalent to his compensation at the time his employment was terminated together with his reasonable, actual out-of-pocket
    expenses incurred in providing such assistance.

 

	 	7.7	Power
    of Attorney. For use in the case that the Company cannot obtain the Executive’s signature on any document that
    the Company considers necessary or desirable in order to assign, apply for, prosecute, obtain, or enforce any Intellectual
    Property, whether due to the Executive’s non-cooperation, unavailability, or any other reason, the Executive hereby
    irrevocably designates and appoints the Company and each of its duly authorized officers and agents as his agent and attorney-in-fact
    to act for, and on the Executive’s behalf, to execute and file any such document and to do all other lawfully permitted
    acts to further the assignment, transfer to the Company, application, registration, prosecution, issuance, and enforcement
    of all Intellectual Property, with the same force and effect as if executed and delivered by the Executive.

  

	 	7.8	Prior
    Inventions. The Executive represents that any inventions, original works of authorship, discoveries, concepts or ideas,
    if any, to which the Executive presently has any right, title or interest, and which were previously conceived either wholly
    or in part by the Executive, and that the Executive desires to exclude from the operation of this Agreement are identified
    on Schedule A of this Agreement (each a “Prior Invention”). The Executive represents that
    the list contained in Schedule A is complete to the best of his knowledge. If during the Executive’s retention
    with the Company, the Executive incorporates a Prior Invention into a Company product, process or service or its use, the
    Executive shall be deemed to have automatically granted to the Company a nonexclusive, royalty-free, irrevocable, perpetual,
    worldwide license to make, have made, modify, display, perform sell and otherwise use such Prior Invention as part of or in
    connection with any Company product, process or service. The Executive shall not incorporate a Prior Invention into a Company
    product, process or service or its use without the Company’s prior written consent.

 

    	 	-4-	 

     

    

 

	8.	NON-COMPETITION;
    NON-SOLICITATION.

 

	 	8.1	Non-competition.
    During the Restricted Period (as defined below), the Executive shall not directly or indirectly (i) serve as a partner,
    principal, shareholder, licensor, licensee, employee, officer, director, manager, agent, representative, advisor, promoter,
    associate, investor, or otherwise for any Competitive Business (as defined below), (ii) build, design, finance, acquire, lease,
    operate, manage, control, invest in, work, or consult for or otherwise join, participate in, or affiliate himself with, any
    Competitive Business or (iii) take any preparatory steps with respect to any of the foregoing. The foregoing covenant shall
    cover the Executive’s activities in every part of the world. The foregoing shall not apply to the Executive’s
    ownership of shares in a publicly-traded entity in which the Executive does not materially participate and in which the Executive’s
    ownership interest is one percent (1%) or less.

 

	 	8.2	Certain
    Definitions. The following capitalized terms shall have the meanings assigned to them below:

 

“Competitive
Business” means any business that is developing a cannabinoid agonist for the treatment of scleroderma, cystic fibrosis
or other inflammatory or fibrotic diseases.

 

“Restricted
Period” means the period commencing on the Effective Date and continuing thereafter for a period of 12 months following
the termination of the Executive’s employment hereunder.

 

	 	8.3	Non-Solicitation.
    During the Restricted Period, the Executive shall not, directly or indirectly, whether on behalf of himself or anyone else:
    (i) induce or attempt to induce a business associate of the Company to refrain from doing business with the Company; (ii)
    use for his benefit or disclose the name and/or requirements of any such business associate to any other person or persons,
    natural or corporate; or (iii) solicit any of the employees of the Company to leave the employ of the Company or hire anyone
    who is an employee of the Company or has worked for the Company during the previous 12 months.

 

	 	8.4	Extension
    of Restriction Period. The Restricted Period shall be extended by the length of any period during which the Executive
    is in breach of the terms and conditions of this Section 8.

 

	 	8.5	Separate
    Covenants. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that the covenants set forth in this Section 8 are an essential element
    of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and that, but for the agreement of the Executive to comply with
    such covenants, the Company would not have entered into this Agreement. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that the provisions
    of this Section 8 constitutes an independent agreement and shall not be affected by the performance or non-performance of
    any other provision of this Agreement by the Company.

 

	 	8.6	Blue
    Pencil Provision. The parties hereby expressly agree that the duration, scope and geographic area of restriction set
    forth in this Section 8 are reasonable. In the event that any court of competent jurisdiction shall hold that the duration,
    scope or area of restriction set forth in this Section 8 is unreasonable under circumstances now or hereafter existing, the
    maximum duration, scope or area of restriction reasonable under such circumstances shall be substituted, and each party hereto
    shall petition any such court to cause the maximum duration, scope or area of restriction reasonable under such circumstances
    to be so substituted for the duration, scope or area of restriction set forth herein.

 

	9.	INJUNCTIVE
    RELIEF. The Executive acknowledges that the Company shall not have an adequate remedy in the event that the Executive
    breaches Section 6, 7, 8 or 12 of this Agreement and that the Company will suffer irreparable damage and injury in such event.
    The Executive agrees that the Company, in addition to any other available rights and remedies, shall be entitled to seek an
    injunction (without the necessity of posting a bond) restraining the Executive from committing or continuing any violation
    of Section 6, 7, 8 or 12 of this Agreement.

 

    	 	-5-	 

     

    

 

	10.	TERM;
    TERMINATION.

 

	 	10.1	Term.
    Unless earlier terminated in accordance with the provisions of this Section 10, the term of this Agreement shall commence
    on the Effective Date and shall continue thereafter for a period of two (2) years (the “Term”).
    If the Company continues to employ the Executive after the expiration of the Term without a written extension of the term,
    such employment shall continue on an AT-WILL basis and the Company shall have the right to terminate this Agreement and the
    Executive’s employment at any time subject to the notice provisions set forth in Section 10.5 below.

 

	 	10.2	Death.
    Upon the death of the Executive, the Executive’s employment with the Company shall terminate.

   

	 	10.3	Disability.
    If the Executive is unable to perform the essential functions of Employee’s employment with the Company for more than
    twelve weeks (unless a longer period is required by state or federal law), the Company shall have the right to terminate the
    Executive’s employment upon prior written notice

 

	 	10.4	Termination
    by the Executive. The Executive may terminate this Agreement and his employment hereunder with or without Good Reason
    (as defined below) upon 30 days prior written notice to the Company.

 

	 	10.5	Termination
    by Company. The Company may terminate this Agreement and the Executive’s employment hereunder (i) without Cause
    immediately upon written notice to the Executive or (ii) immediately for Cause.

 

	 	10.6	Certain
    Definitions. The following capitalized terms shall have the meanings assigned to them below:

 

“Cause”
means: (i) the Executive’s chronic failure to perform those material duties assigned to him pursuant to Section 2 above
to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board after written notice thereof and a reasonable opportunity to respond and/or cure of
not less than 30 days; (ii) the Executive’s gross negligence or misconduct (including but not limited to acts of fraud or
theft or the violation of applicable laws) in connection with the performance of his duties; (iii) the Executive’s material
breach of Section 6, 7 or 8 above; (iv) the Executive’s commission of an act of moral turpitude; (v) the Executive being
dependent on or addicted to alcohol or drugs; or (vi) the Executive’s conviction of or plea of nolo contendere to a
felony.

 

“Good
Reason” means the voluntary termination by the Executive within thirty (30) days following: (i) a requirement
that the Executive physically relocates to another office that is more than 75 miles from the office location that the Executive
reported to at the commencement of his employment with the Company; (ii) a reduction in the Executive’s rate of compensation,
potential incentive compensation, or general benefits (other than general changes, in each case, affecting all similarly situated
employees to substantially the same extent); or (iii) a material adverse change in the Executive’s job description or a
significant reduction of the scope of the Executive’s authority or responsibilities.

 

	11.	EFFECT
    OF TERMINATION

 

	 	11.1	Payments
    Upon Termination. In the event that the Executive’s employment with the Company is terminated for any reason,
    the Executive shall have the right to receive (i) the compensation and reimbursable expenses then accrued and/or earned and
    unpaid under Sections 4.1 and 5 of this Agreement through the date of termination, (ii) payment for unused vacation days accrued
    through the date of termination and (iii) any benefits required by the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985.

 

    	 	-6-	 

     

    

 

	 	11.2	Additional
                                         Payments. (a) Subject to Sections 11.3 and 11.4, in the event that the Executive’s
                                         employment with the Company is terminated by the Company without Cause or by the Executive
                                         for Good Reason during the Term other than during the Change in Control Period (as defined
                                         below), (A) the Company shall (i) pay to the Executive an amount equal to twelve months
                                         of his then current Base Salary under Section 4.1 above (less applicable withholdings
                                         and authorized deductions), to be paid in equal installments bimonthly in accordance
                                         with the Company’s customary payroll practices, commencing sixty (60) days following
                                         the date of termination of employment and (ii) if the Executive then participates in
                                         the Company’s medical and/or dental plans and the Executive timely elects to continue
                                         and maintain group health plan coverage pursuant to COBRA, reimburse the Executive for
                                         the cost of health insurance under COBRA for a period of twelve months; provided,
                                         however, that if and to the extent that the Company may not provide such COBRA
                                         reimbursement without incurring tax penalties or violating any requirement of the law,
                                         the Company shall use its commercially reasonable best efforts to provide substantially
                                         similar assistance in an alternative manner, provided that the cost of doing so does
                                         not exceed the cost that the Company would have incurred had the COBRA reimbursement
                                         been provided in the manner described above or cause a violation of Section 409A (as
                                         defined below), and (B) if the Executive is entitled to a Bonus, subject to the Board’s
                                         discretion and approval as set forth in Section 4.2 above, the Company shall pay such
                                         Bonus in accordance with the terms of the applicable plan and on the same basis as other
                                         participants in the plan except that the Bonus amount shall be prorated (based on the
                                         percentage of days the Executive was employed relative to the total number of days in
                                         the bonus earning period).

         

        (b)
        Subject to Sections 11.3 and 11.4, in the event that the Executive’s employment is terminated by the Company without
        Cause or by the Executive for Good Reason during the Term and within the 3 months immediately preceding and the 12 months
        immediately following a Change in Control (as defined below) (the “Change in Control Period”),
        ,then in lieu of the payments set forth in subsection 11.2(a) above, the Company shall (i) pay to the Executive an amount
        equal to twenty-four (24) months of his then current Base Salary under Section 4.1 above (less applicable withholdings
        and authorized deductions), to be paid in equal installments bimonthly in accordance with the Company’s customary
        payroll practices, commencing sixty (60) days following the date of termination of employment), (ii) if the Executive
        then participates in the Company’s medical and/or dental plans and the Executive timely elects to continue and maintain
        group health plan coverage pursuant to COBRA, reimburse the Executive for the cost of health insurance under COBRA for
        a period of twenty-four (24) months; provided, however, that if and to the extent that the Company may not
        provide such COBRA reimbursement without incurring tax penalties or violating any requirement of the law, the Company
        shall use its commercially reasonable best efforts to provide substantially similar assistance in an alternative manner,
        provided that the cost of doing so does not exceed the cost that the Company would have incurred had the COBRA reimbursement
        been provided in the manner described above or cause a violation of Section 409A (as defined below), (iii) pay the current
        year Bonus at two (2) times the Target Bonus level, which payment shall be made by March 15th of the following calendar
        year, and (iv) fully accelerate vesting of all of the Executive’s outstanding stock options, restricted stock and
        other equity incentive awards upon the later of (x) the Change in Control or (y) the Executive’s termination of
        employment with the Company. For avoidance of doubt, if such termination precedes a Change in Control and any payments
        or benefits have commenced pursuant to subsection 11.2(a), such payments or benefits shall be taken into account for purposes
        of this subsection 11.2(b).

         

        As
        used in this Agreement, “Change in Control” means (x) a change in ownership of the Company under clause
        (i) below or (y) a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Company under clause (ii) below:

        

 

    	 	-7-	 

     

    

 

(i)
Change in the Ownership of the Company. A change in the ownership of the Company shall occur on the date that any one person,
or more than one person acting as a group (as defined in clause (iii) below), acquires ownership of capital stock of the Company
that, together with capital stock held by such person or group, constitutes more than 50 percent of the total fair market value
or total voting power of the capital stock of the Company. However, if any one person or more than one person acting as a group,
is considered to own more than 50 percent of the total fair market value or total voting power of the capital stock of the Company,
the acquisition of additional capital stock by the same person or persons shall not be considered to be a change in the ownership
of the Company. An increase in the percentage of capital stock owned by any one person, or persons acting as a group, as a result
of a transaction in which the Company acquires capital stock in the Company in exchange for property will be treated as an acquisition
of stock for purposes of this paragraph.

 

(ii)
Change in the Ownership of a Substantial Portion of the Company’s Assets. A change in the ownership of a substantial
portion of the Company’s assets shall occur on the date that any one person, or more than one person acting as a group (as
defined in clause (iii) below), acquires (or has acquired during the 12-month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition
by such person or persons) assets from the Company that have a total gross fair market value equal to or more than 80 percent
of the total gross fair market value of all of the assets of the Company immediately prior to such acquisition or acquisitions.
For this purpose, gross fair market value means the value of the assets of the Company, or the value of the assets being disposed
of, determined without regard to any liabilities associated with such assets. There is no Change in Control under this clause
(ii) when there is a transfer to an entity that is controlled by the shareholders of the Company immediately after the transfer,
as provided below in this clause (ii). A transfer of assets by the Company is not treated as a change in the ownership of such
assets if the assets are transferred to (a) a shareholder of the Company (immediately before the asset transfer) in exchange for
or with respect to its capital stock, (b) an entity, 50 percent or more of the total value or voting power of which is owned,
directly or indirectly, by the Company, (c) a person, or more than one person acting as a group, that owns, directly or indirectly,
50 percent or more of the total value or voting power of all the outstanding capital stock of the Company, or (d) an entity, at
least 50 percent of the total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by a person described in clause
(ii)(c) of this paragraph. For purposes of this clause (ii), a person’s status is determined immediately after the transfer
of the assets.

 

(iii)
Persons Acting as a Group. For purposes of clauses (i) and (ii) above, persons will not be considered to be acting as a
group solely because they purchase or own capital stock or purchase assets of the Company at the same time. However, persons will
be considered to be acting as a group if they are owners of a corporation that enters into a merger, consolidation, purchase or
acquisition of assets or capital stock, or similar business transaction with the Company. If a person, including an entity, owns
stock in both corporations that enter into a merger, consolidation, purchase or acquisition of assets or capital stock, or similar
transaction, such shareholder is considered to be acting as a group with other shareholders in a corporation only with respect
to the ownership in that corporation before the transaction giving rise to the change and not with respect to the ownership interest
in the other corporation. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “corporation” shall have the meaning assigned such
term under Treasury Regulation section 1.280G-1, Q&A-45.

 

(iv)
Each of clauses (i) through (iii) above shall be construed and interpreted consistent with the requirements of Section 409A and
any Treasury Regulations or other guidance issued thereunder.

 

    	 	-8-	 

     

    

 

		11.3	Release
    Agreement. In order to receive the payments and benefits set forth in Section 11.2, as applicable (collectively referred
    to herein as the “Severance Payments”), the Executive must timely execute (and not revoke) a separation
    agreement and general release (the “Release Agreement”) in a customary form as is determined to
    be reasonably necessary by the Company in its good faith and reasonable discretion. If the Executive is eligible for Severance
    Payments pursuant to Section 11.2, the Company will deliver the Release Agreement to the Executive within seven (7) calendar
    days following the date of termination of employment. The Severance Payments are subject to the Executive’s execution
    and delivery of such Release Agreement within 45 days of the Executive’s receipt of the Release Agreement and the Executive’s
    non-revocation of such Release Agreement.

 

	 	11.4	Post-Termination
    Breach. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Company’s obligation to provide
    the Severance Payments will immediately cease if the Executive breaches any of the provisions of Sections 6, 7 or 8, the Release
    Agreement or any other Agreement the Executive has with the Company.

 

	 	11.5	No
    Other Payments or Benefits. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that upon the termination of his employment, no
    other benefits, compensation or remuneration of any kind is owed by the Company to the Executive other than as set forth in
    this Section 11 or as set forth in the Option Agreements.

 

	 	11.6	Survival.
    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, Sections 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11-19 of this Agreement and any remedies
    for the breach thereof, shall survive the termination of this Agreement under the terms hereof. Termination of this Agreement
    shall not relieve or release either party from any rights, liabilities or obligations which it/he has accrued prior the effective
    date of such termination.

 

	12.	RETURN
    OF COMPANY PROPERTY; EXIT INTERVIEW. Upon termination of the Executive’s employment with the Company for any
    reason, the Executive will promptly:

 

	 	(a)	Deliver
    to the Company all documents and other tangible media in the Executive’s possession or control that evidence, contain
    or reflect (A) Confidential Information or (B) Work Product, in each case whether prepared by the Executive or otherwise coming
    into the Executive’s possession or control;

 

	 	(b)	Destroy
    any intangible materials that evidence, contain or reflect Confidential Information or Work Product on equipment or media
    not owned by the Company; and

 

	 	(c)	Return
    to the Company all equipment, files, software programs and other personal property belonging to the Company.

 

Upon
termination of the Executive’s employment with the Company for any reason, the Executive will attend an exit interview with
a representative of the Company to review the Executive’s continuing obligations under this Agreement.

 

	13.	ENTIRE
    AGREEMENT. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter
    hereof and supersedes all contemporaneous and prior agreements and understandings between them as to such subject matter.
    Not in limitation of the foregoing, this Agreement supersedes the Prior Employment Agreement. Except as otherwise expressly
    provided herein, this Agreement may not be amended except by an instrument in writing executed by the Company and the Executive.

 

	14.	ASSIGNMENT.
    The Executive shall not be permitted to assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written
    consent of the Company.

   

	15.	GOVERNING
    LAW; JURISDICTION. This Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with and governed by the laws of the
    Commonwealth of Massachusetts without giving effect to the principles of conflicts of laws thereof. The parties hereby consent
    and submit to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the courts located in Boston, Massachusetts in connection with any actions
    or proceedings brought against either of them (or each of them) arising out of or relating to this Agreement.

 

    	 	-9-	 

     

    

 

	16.	MISCELLANEOUS.
    No waiver by either party of any term or condition of this Agreement, whether by conduct or otherwise, in any one or more
    instance, shall be deemed a continuing waiver of any such term or condition, or a waiver of any other term or condition of
    this Agreement. Headings set forth in this Agreement are solely for the convenience of the parties and have no legal effect.
    If any provision of this Agreement shall be found to be invalid by any court having competent jurisdiction, the invalidity
    of such provision shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions hereof. This Agreement shall be (i) binding upon,
    and will inure to the benefit of, the parties and their permitted respective successors and assigns, (ii) construed without
    presumption of any rule requiring construction to be made against the party causing it to be drafted and (iii) executed in
    any number of counterparts, each of which will for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all of which are identical.

 

	17.	TAX
    WITHHOLDING. The Company or other payor is authorized to withhold from any benefit provided or payment due hereunder,
    the amount of withholding taxes due any federal, state or local authority in respect of such benefit or payment and to take
    such other action as may be necessary in the opinion of the Board to satisfy all obligations for the payment of such withholding
    taxes. The Executive will be solely responsible for all taxes assessed against him with respect to the compensation and benefits
    described in this Agreement, other than typical employer-paid taxes such as FICA, and the Company makes no representations
    as to the tax treatment of such compensation and benefits.

  

	18.	SECTION
    409A COMPLIANCE. All payments under this Agreement are intended to comply with or be exempt from the requirements
    of Section 409A of the Code and regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 409A”). As used in this Agreement,
    the “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. To the extent permitted under applicable
    regulations and/or other guidance of general applicability issued pursuant to Section 409A, the Company reserves the right
    to modify this Agreement to conform with any or all relevant provisions regarding compensation and/or benefits so that such
    compensation and benefits are exempt from the provisions of 409A and/or otherwise comply with such provisions so as to avoid
    the tax consequences set forth in Section 409A and to assure that no payment or benefit shall be subject to an “additional
    tax” under Section 409A. To the extent that any provision in this Agreement is ambiguous as to its compliance with Section
    409A, or to the extent any provision in this Agreement must be modified to comply with Section 409A, such provision shall
    be read in such a manner so that no payment due to the Executive shall be subject to an “additional tax” within
    the meaning of Section 409A(a)(1)(B) of the Code. If necessary to comply with the restriction in Section 409A(a)(2)(B) of
    the Code concerning payments to “specified employees,” any payment on account of the Executive’s separation
    from service that would otherwise be due hereunder within six (6) months after such separation shall be delayed until the
    first business day of the seventh month following the date of termination of employment and the first such payment shall include
    the cumulative amount of any payments (without interest) that would have been paid prior to such date if not for such restriction.
    Each payment in a series of payments hereunder shall be deemed to be a separate payment for purposes of Section 409A. In no
    event may the Executive, directly or indirectly, designate the calendar year of payment. All reimbursements provided under
    this Agreement shall be made or provided in accordance with the requirements of Section 409A, including, where applicable,
    the requirement that (i) any reimbursement is for expenses incurred during the Executive’s lifetime (or during a shorter
    period of time specified in this Agreement), (ii) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement during a calendar year
    may not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement in any other calendar year, (iii) the reimbursement of an eligible
    expense will be made on or before the last day of the calendar year following the year in which the expense is incurred, and
    (iv) the right to reimbursement is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit. Notwithstanding anything contained
    herein to the contrary, the Executive shall not be considered to have terminated employment with the Company for purposes
    of Section 11.2 unless the Executive would be considered to have incurred a “termination of employment” from the
    Company within the meaning of Treasury Regulation §1.409A-1(h)(1)(ii). In no event whatsoever shall the Company be liable
    for any additional tax, interest or penalty that may be imposed on the Executive by Section 409A or damages for failing to
    comply with Section 409A.

 

    	 	-10-	 

     

    

 

	19.	280G
    MODIFIED CUTBACK.

 

	 	(a)	If
    any payment, benefit or distribution of any type to or for the benefit of the Executive, whether paid or payable, provided
    or to be provided, or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise (collectively, the
    “Parachute Payments”) would subject the Executive to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Code
    (the “Excise Tax”), the Parachute Payments shall be reduced so that the maximum amount of the Parachute
    Payments (after reduction) shall be one dollar ($1.00) less than the amount which would cause the Parachute Payments to be
    subject to the Excise Tax; provided that the Parachute Payments shall only be reduced to the extent the after-tax value of
    amounts received by the Executive after application of the above reduction would exceed the after-tax value of the amounts
    received without application of such reduction. For this purpose, the after-tax value of an amount shall be determined taking
    into account all federal, state, and local income, employment and excise taxes applicable to such amount. Unless the Executive
    shall have given prior written notice to the Company to effectuate a reduction in the Parachute Payments if such a reduction
    is required, which notice shall be consistent with the requirements of Section 409A to avoid the imputation of any tax, penalty
    or interest thereunder, then the Company shall reduce or eliminate the Parachute Payments by first reducing or eliminating
    accelerated vesting of stock options or similar awards, then reducing or eliminating any cash payments (with the payments
    to be made furthest in the future being reduced first), then by reducing or eliminating any other remaining Parachute Payments;
    provided, that no such reduction or elimination shall apply to any non-qualified deferred compensation amounts (within the
    meaning of Section 409A) to the extent such reduction or elimination would accelerate or defer the timing of such payment
    in manner that does not comply with Section 409A.

  

	 	(b)	An
    initial determination as to whether (x) any of the Parachute Payments received by the Executive in connection with the occurrence
    of a change in the ownership or control of the Company or in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Company
    shall be subject to the Excise Tax, and (y) the amount of any reduction, if any, that may be required pursuant to the previous
    paragraph, shall be made by an independent accounting firm selected by the Company (the “Accounting Firm”)
    prior to the consummation of such change in the ownership or effective control of the Company or in the ownership of a substantial
    portion of the assets of the Company. The Executive shall be furnished with notice of all determinations made as to the Excise
    Tax payable with respect to the Executive’s Parachute Payments, together with the related calculations of the Accounting
    Firm, promptly after such determinations and calculations have been received by the Company.

 

	 	(c)	For
    purposes of this Section 19, (i) no portion of the Parachute Payments the receipt or enjoyment of which the Executive shall
    have effectively waived in writing prior to the date of payment of the Parachute Payments shall be taken into account; (ii)
    no portion of the Parachute Payments shall be taken into account which in the opinion of the Accounting Firm does not constitute
    a “parachute payment” within the meaning of Section 280G(b)(2) of the Code; (iii) the Parachute Payments shall
    be reduced only to the extent necessary so that the Parachute Payments (other than those referred to in the immediately preceding
    clause (i) or (ii)) in their entirety constitute reasonable compensation for services actually rendered within the meaning
    of Section 280G(b)(4) of the Code or are otherwise not subject to disallowance as deductions, in the opinion of the auditor
    or tax counsel referred to in such clause (ii); and (iv) the value of any non-cash benefit or any deferred payment or benefit
    included in the Parachute Payments shall be determined by the Company’s independent auditors based on Sections 280G
    and 4999 of the Code and the regulations for applying those sections of the Code, or on substantial authority within the meaning
    of Section 6662 of the Code.

 

    	 	-11-	 

     

    

  

IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Employment Agreement as of the Effective Date.

 

	 	CORBUS
    PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/
    Mark Tepper, Ph.D.
		Name:	Mark Tepper,
    Ph.D.
	 	Title:	President
	 	 	
	 	By:	/s/
    Yuval Cohen
	 	 	Yuval
    Cohen
	 	Address:	[*]

 

    	 	-12-	 

     

    

 

Schedule
A

 

Executive
Statement Regarding Prior Work Product

 

Except
as set forth below, the Executive acknowledges that at this time he has not made or reduced to practice (alone or jointly with
others) any Work Product relevant to the subject matter of his retention by Corbus Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. except those
(if any) listed below:

 

[List
any applicable Work Product or write “None”.] None

 

[If
you need more space please attach a separate continuation sheet]

 

The
Executive certifies that the foregoing is true, accurate and complete.

 

	The
    Executive’s Name:	Yuval
    Cohen	 

 

	Date:	4/1/2018	 

 

	Signature:	/s/
    Yuval Cohen	 

 

    	 	-13-

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