Document:

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                                                                     Exhibit 4.1

                                    RESTATED
                          CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
                                       OF
                                   DYAX CORP.

  (AS CORRECTED BY A CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION TO THE RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF
   INCORPORATION OF DYAX CORP. FILED AS EXHIBIT 3.4 TO AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO THE
    COMPANY'S ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K/A (FILE NO. 000-24537) FOR THE YEAR
                            ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001.)

         We, the undersigned, for the purpose of amending and restating the
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Dyax Corp. (the
"Corporation") under the laws of the State of Delaware, hereby certify as
follows:

         A. The Corporation was incorporated under the name Biotage, Inc.
pursuant to an original Certificate of Incorporation filed with the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware on May 26, 1989.

         B. The amendments to and the restatement of the Amended and Restated
Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation herein certified have been
approved by the Board of Directors of the Corporation and duly adopted by the
stockholders of the Corporation in accordance with the provisions of Sections
228, 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. Prompt
written notice of the adoption of the amendments herein certified has been given
to those stockholders who have not consented in writing thereto, as provided in
Section 228 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

         C. The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the
Corporation, as previously amended and restated, is hereby restated and further
amended to read as follows:

         FIRST: The name of the Corporation is DYAX CORP.

         SECOND: The address of the Corporation's registered office in the State
of Delaware is 1013 Centre Road, City of Wilmington, County of Newcastle. The
name of its registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company.

         THIRD: The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or
activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware.

         FOURTH: The Corporation shall be authorized to issue Fifty-One Million
(51,000,000) shares of capital stock, which shall be divided into Fifty Million
(50,000,000) shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and One Million
(1,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share.
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         The following is a statement of the designations, preferences, voting
powers, qualifications, special or relative rights and privileges in respect of
the authorized capital stock of the Corporation.

                                 PREFERRED STOCK

         The Board of Directors is authorized, subject to limitations prescribed
by law and the provisions of this Article FOURTH, to provide by resolution for
the issuance of the shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series, and by
filing a certificate pursuant to the applicable law of the State of Delaware, to
establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such
series, and to fix the designations, powers, preferences and rights of the
shares of each such series and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions
thereof.

         The authority of the Board with respect to each series shall include,
but shall not be limited to, determination of the following:

         (a) The number of shares constituting that series and the distinctive
designation of that series;

         (b) The dividend rate, if any, on the shares of that series, whether
dividends shall be cumulative, and if so, from which date or dates, and the
relative rights of priority, if any, of payment of dividends on shares of the
series;

         (c) Whether that series shall have voting rights, in addition to the
voting rights provided by law, and, if so, the terms of such voting rights;

         (d) Whether that series shall have conversion privileges, and, if so,
the terms and conditions of such conversion, including provision for adjustment
of the conversion rate in such events as the Board of Directors shall determine;

         (e) Whether or not the shares of that series shall be redeemable, and
if so, the terms and conditions of such redemption, including the date or dates
upon or after which they shall be redeemable, and the amount per share payable
in case of redemption, which amount may vary under different conditions and at
different redemption dates;

         (f) Whether that series shall have a sinking fund for the redemption or
purchase of shares of that series, and if so, the terms and amount of such
sinking fund;

         (g) The rights of the shares of that series in the event of voluntary
or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, and
the relative rights of priority, if any, of payment of shares of that series;

         (h) Any other relative rights, preferences and limitations of that
series.

                                  COMMON STOCK

         The Common Stock is subject to the rights and preferences of the
Preferred Stock as hereinbefore set forth or authorized.

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         Subject to the provisions of any applicable law or of the by-laws of
the Corporation, as from time to time amended, with respect to the fixing of a
record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote, and except
as otherwise provided herein or by law or by the resolution or resolutions
providing for the issue of any series of Preferred Stock, the holders of
outstanding shares of Common Stock shall have exclusive voting rights for the
election of directors and for all other purposes, each holder of record of
shares of Common Stock being entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock
standing in his name on the books of the Corporation.

         Subject to the rights of any one or more series of Preferred Stock, the
holders of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive such dividends from time to
time as may be declared by the Board of Directors out of any funds of the
Corporation legally available for the payment of such dividends.

         In the event of the liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the
Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, after payment shall have been
made to the holders of the Preferred Stock of the full amount to which they are
entitled, the holders of Common Stock shall be entitled to share ratably
according to the number of shares of Common Stock held by them in all remaining
assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders.

                                    ISSUANCE

         Subject to the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation and
except as otherwise provided by law, the shares of stock of the Corporation,
regardless of class, may be issued for such consideration and for such corporate
purposes as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

         FIFTH: The following provisions are inserted for the management of the
business and for the conduct of the affairs of the Corporation:

         1. Any vote or votes authorizing liquidation of the Corporation or
proceedings for its dissolution may provide, subject to the rights of creditors
and the rights expressly provided for particular classes or series of stock, for
the distribution among the stockholders of the Corporation of the assets of the
Corporation as provided herein, wholly or in part or in kind, whether such
assets be in cash or other property, and may authorize the Board of Directors of
the Corporation to determine the valuation of the different assets of the
Corporation for the purpose of such liquidation and may divide or authorize the
Board of Directors to divide such assets or any part thereof among the
stockholders of the Corporation, in such manner that every stockholder will
receive a proportionate amount in value (determined as provided herein) of cash
or property of the Corporation upon such liquidation or dissolution even though
each stockholder may not receive a strictly proportionate part of each such
asset.

         2. The directors shall be divided into three classes, as nearly equal
in number as the then total number of directors constituting the entire Board
permits, with the term of office of one class expiring each year. The initial
Class I directors elected by the stockholders of the Corporation shall hold
office for a term expiring at the 2001 annual meeting of stockholders; the
initial Class II directors elected by the stockholders of the Corporation shall
hold office for a

                                       3
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term expiring at the 2002 annual meeting of stockholders; and the initial Class
III directors elected by the stockholders of the Corporation shall hold office
for a term expiring at the 2003 annual meeting of stockholders. At each such
annual meeting of stockholders and at each annual meeting thereafter, successors
to the class of directors whose term expires at that meeting shall be elected
for a term expiring at the third annual meeting following their election and
until their successors shall be elected and qualified, subject to prior death,
resignation, retirement or removal. If the number of directors is changed, any
increase or decrease shall be apportioned among the classes so as to maintain
the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, but in no
event will a decrease in the number of directors shorten the term of any
incumbent director. Notwithstanding the foregoing, and except as otherwise
required by law, whenever the holders of any one or more series of Preferred
Stock shall have the right, voting separately as a class, to elect one or more
directors of the Corporation, the election, terms of office and other features
of such directorships shall be governed by the terms of the vote establishing
such series, and such directors so elected shall not be divided into classes
pursuant to this Article FIFTH unless expressly provided by such terms.

         3. Each director chosen to fill a vacancy in the Board of Directors
shall be elected to complete the term of office of the director who is being
succeeded. In the case of any election of a new director to fill a directorship
created by an enlargement of the Board, the Board shall in such election assign
the class of directors to which such additional director is being elected, and
each director so elected shall hold office for the same term as the other
members of the class to which the director is assigned.

         4. Except as otherwise determined by the Board of Directors in
establishing a series of Preferred Stock as to directors elected by holders of
such series, at any special meeting of the stockholders called at least in part
for the purpose, any director or directors may, by the affirmative vote of the
holders of at least a majority of the stock entitled to vote for the election of
directors, by removed from office for cause. The provisions of this subsection
shall be the exclusive method for the removal of directors.

         5. Elections of directors need not be by ballot.

         6. The Board of Directors of the Corporation is expressly authorized to
adopt, amend or repeal the by-laws of the Corporation.

         7. A director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the
Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary
duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director's
duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders; (ii) for acts or
omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing
violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation
Law, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper
personal benefit. If the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended after
approval by the stockholders of this Article FIFTH to authorize corporate action
further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the
liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the
fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as so amended
from time to time.

                                       4
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         Any repeal or modification of this Article FIFTH shall not increase the
personal liability of any director of this Corporation for any act or occurrence
taking place before such repeal or modification, nor otherwise adversely affect
any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of
such repeal or modification.

         8. Meetings of stockholders may be held anywhere within or without the
State of Delaware. The books of the Corporation may be kept outside the State of
Delaware at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the
Board of Directors or in the by-laws of the Corporation.

         SIXTH: Whenever a compromise or arrangement is proposed between the
Corporation and its creditors or any class of them and/or between the
Corporation and its stockholders or any class of them, any court of equitable
jurisdiction within the State of Delaware may, on the application in a summary
way of the Corporation or of any creditor or stockholder thereof, or on the
application of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under the
provisions of Section 291 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code or on the application
of trustees in dissolution or of any receiver or receivers appointed for the
Corporation under the provision of Section 279 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code,
order a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the
stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation, as the case may be, to
be summoned in such manner as the said court directs. If a majority in number
representing three-fourths in value of the creditors or class of creditors,
and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation, as the
case may be, agree to any compromise or arrangement and to any reorganization of
the Corporation, as a consequence of such compromise or arrangement, the said
compromise or arrangement and the said reorganization shall, if sanctioned by
the court to which the said application has been made, be binding on all the
creditors or class of creditors, and/or on all the stockholders or class of
stockholders, of the Corporation, as the case may be, and also on the
Corporation.

         SEVENTH: No action required to be taken or that may be taken at any
annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation may be taken by
written consent without a meeting, and the power of stockholders to consent in
writing, without a meeting, to the taking of any action is specifically denied.

         This Article Seventh may not be amended, revised or revoked, in whole
or in part, except by the affirmative vote of the holders of 66 2/3% of the
shares of all classes of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote for the
election of directors, considered for the purposes of this Article Seventh as
one class of stock.

         EIGHTH: The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or
repeal any provisions contained in this Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, and all
rights conferred upon stockholders are granted subject to this reservation.

         NINTH: 1. Except as set forth in Section 2 of this Article Ninth, the
affirmative vote of the holders of 66 2/3% of the shares of all classes of stock
of the Corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors, considered
for the purposes of this Article Ninth as one class, shall be required:

                                       5
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         (a) for the adoption of any agreement for the merger or consolidation
         of the Corporation or any Subsidiary (as hereinafter defined) with or
         into any Other Corporation (as hereinafter defined);

         (b) to authorize any sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge or other
         disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the
         Corporation or any Subsidiary to any Other Corporation;

         (c) to authorize the issuance or transfer by the Corporation of any
         Substantial Amount (as hereinafter defined) of securities of the
         Corporation in exchange for the securities or assets of any Other
         Corporation; or

         (d) to engage in any other transaction the effect of which is to
         combine the assets and business of the Corporation or any Subsidiary
         with any Other Corporation.

Such affirmative vote shall be in addition to the vote of the holders of the
stock of the Corporation otherwise required by law, elsewhere in this Restated
Certificate of Incorporation or any agreement or contract to which the
Corporation is a party.

         2. The provisions of Section 1 of this Article Ninth shall not be
applicable to any transaction described therein if such transaction is approved
by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, PROVIDED THAT the
directors voting in favor of such resolution include a majority of the
Independent Board Members (as defined below). In considering such transaction,
the Board of Directors shall give due consideration to all relevant factors,
including without limitation the social and economic effects on the employees,
customers, suppliers and other constituents of the Corporation and it
Subsidiaries and on the communities in which the Corporation and its
Subsidiaries operate or are located.

         3. The Board of Directors of the Corporation shall have the power and
duty to determine for the purposes of this Article Ninth, on the basis of
information known to such Board, if and when any person, firm, corporation or
other entity, other than a Subsidiary of the Corporation, is an Other
Corporation (as defined below). In determining whether a person, firm,
corporation or other entity is an Other Corporation, such person, firm,
corporation or other entity shall be deemed to be the "Beneficial Owner" of
shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote in the election of directors
if he, she or it or any "affiliate" or "associate" of such person, firm,
corporation or other entity (as those terms are defined in Rule 12b-2
promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to
time), directly or indirectly, controls the voting of such stock or has any
options, warrants, conversion or other rights to acquire such stock. Any such
determination, if made in good faith, shall be conclusive and binding for all
purposes under this Article Ninth, until the ownership interest of such person,
firm, corporation or other entity increases.

         4. As used in this Article Ninth, the following terms shall have the
meanings indicated:

                  "Independent Board Members" shall be those persons then in
office (but not less than 1) who were duly elected and acting members of the
Board of Directors as of the last election of directors prior to the date on
which the Other Corporation involved in the proposed

                                       6
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transaction first became an Other Corporation, as determined by the Board of
Directors in accordance with Section 3 above.

                  "Other Corporation" means any person, firm, corporation or
other entity, other than a Subsidiary of the Corporation, which is the
Beneficial Owner of 5% or more of the shares of stock of the Corporation
entitled to vote in the election of directors, as determined in accordance with
Section 3 above.

                  "Subsidiary" means any corporation in which the Corporation
owns, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting securities.

                  "Substantial Amount" means any securities of the Corporation
having a then fair market value of more than $500,000.

         5. The Corporation elects to be governed by Section 203 of the Delaware
General Corporation Law.

         6. This Article Ninth may not be amended, revised or revoked, in whole
or in part, except by the affirmative vote of the holders of 66 2/3% of the
shares of all classes of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote for the
election of directors, considered for the purposes of this Article Ninth as one
class of stock.

         Signed and attested this 18th day of August, 2000.

                                        /s/ Henry E. Blair
                                        ------------------------------------
                                        Henry E. Blair, President

Attest:

/s/ Nathaniel S. Gardiner
------------------------------------
Nathaniel S. Gardiner, Secretary

                                       7<Page>

                                                            EXHIBIT 4.2

                                                 FEDERAL IDENTIFICATION
                                                         NO. 04-2795294

                   THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS

                        WILLIAM FRANCIS GALVIN
                     SECRETARY OF THE COMMONWEALTH
         ONE ASHBURTON PLACE, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02108-1512

                      CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION
              (GENERAL LAWS, CHAPTER 156B, SECTION 6A)

1. Exact name of corporation: PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

2. Document to be corrected: ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT

3. The above mentioned document was filed with the Secretary of the
   Commonwealth on November 22, 1999.

4. Please state the inaccuracy or defect in said document:

   Said Articles of Amendment were filed on behalf of the corporation
   changing the number of authorized shares of common stock from 10,000,000
   shares, no par value to 20,000,000 shares, no par value. The 20,000,000
   shares of common stock should have a par value of $0.01.

5. Please state corrected version of the document:

   The corporation is authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of common stock,
   with par value of $0.01.

NOTE: THIS CORRECTION SHOULD BE SIGNED BY THE PERSON(S) REQUIRED BY LAW TO
SIGN THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENT.

SIGNED UNDER THE PENALTIES OF PERJURY, this 14th day of January, 2000.

/s/ Richard Forkey, *President,
-------------------

/s/ Jack P. Dreimiller, *Clerk.
-----------------------
*DELETE THE INAPPLICABLE WORDS

NOTE: IF THE INACCURACY OR DEFECTS TO BE CORRECTED IS NOT APPARENT ON THE
FACE OF THE DOCUMENT, MINUTES OF THE MEETING SUBSTANTIATING THE ERROR MUST BE
FILED WITH THE CERTIFICATE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE PROVIDED ON
SEPARATE 8 1/2 X 11 SHEETS OF WHITE PAPER WITH A LEFT MARGIN OF AT LEAST 1
INCH.

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                                                          FEDERAL IDENTIFICATION
                                                                  NO. 04-2795294

                        THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
                             WILLIAM FRANCIS GALVIN
                          Secretary of the Commonwealth
              One Ashburton Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02108-1512

                              ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
                    (GENERAL LAWS, CHAPTER 156B, SECTION 72)

We, RICHARD E. FORKEY, PRESIDENT
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

and JACK P. DREIMILLER
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

of PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.
   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

located at 22 EAST BROADWAY, GARDNER, MASSACHUSETTS 01440
           ---------------------------------------------------------------------

certify that these Articles of Amendment affecting articles numbered: III
                                                                      ----------

of the Articles of Organization were duly adopted at a meeting held on

NOVEMBER 9, 1999, by vote of: 7,205,181 shares of COMMON of 7,687,595 shares

outstanding, being at least two-thirds of each type, class or series outstanding

and entitled to vote thereon and of each type, class or series of stock whose

rights are adversely affected thereby.

<Page>

To CHANGE the number of shares and the par value (if any) of any type, class or
series of stock which the corporation is authorized to issue, fill in the
following:

The total PRESENTLY authorized is:

<Table>
<Caption>

WITHOUT PAR VALUE STOCKS                      WITH PAR VALUE STOCKS
TYPE         NUMBER OF SHARES     TYPE        NUMBER OF SHARES    PAR VALUE
<S>          <C>                  <C>         <C>                 <C>

Common:      10,000,000           Common:

Preferred:                        Preferred:
</Table>

CHANGE the total authorized to:

<Table>
<Caption>

WITHOUT PAR VALUE STOCKS                      WITH PAR VALUE STOCKS
TYPE       NUMBER OF SHARES      TYPE         NUMBER OF SHARES   PAR VALUE
<S>        <C>                   <C>          <C>                <C>
Common:    20,000,000            Common:

Preferred:                       Preferred:
</Table>

<Page>

      The foregoing amendment(s) will become effective when these Articles of
Amendment are filed in accordance with General Laws, Chapter 156B, Section 6
unless these articles specify, in accordance with the vote adopting the
amendment, a LATER effective date not more than THIRTY DAYS after such filing,
in which event the amendment will become effective on such later date.

Later effective date:
                     ------------------------

SIGNED UNDER THE PENALTIES OF PERJURY, this 16TH day of NOVEMBER, 1999
                                                        --------------

  /s/    RICHARD E. FORKEY                                           , President
---------------------------------------------------------------------

 /s/     JACK P. DREIMILLER                                          , Clerk
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<Page>

FORM CD-72-30M-4/86-808881

                        THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
                 OFFICE OF THE MASSACHUSETTS SECRETARY OF STATE
                       MICHAEL JOSEPH CONNOLLY, Secretary
                    ONE ASHBURTON PLACE, BOSTON, MASS. 02108

                                                          FEDERAL IDENTIFICATION
                                                          NO. 04-2795294

                              ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT

                     General Laws, Chapter 156B, Section 72

                  This certificate must be submitted to the Secretary of the
                  Commonwealth within sixty days after the date of the vote of
                  stockholders adopting the amendment. The fee for filing this
                  certificate is prescribed by General Laws, Chapter 156B,
                  Section 114. Make check payable to the Commonwealth of
                  Massachusetts.

      I, Richard Forkey, President and Clerk of

                       PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

located at               22 EAST BROADWAY, GARDNER, MA
          ----------------------------------------------------------------------

do hereby certify that the following amendment to the articles of organization
of the corporation was duly adopted by unanimous written consent of the
stockholders dated June 21, 1990.

<Page>

TO CHANGE the number of shares and the par value, if any, of each class of stock
within the corporation fill in the following:

The total presently authorized is:

<Table>
<Caption>

                                  NO PAR VALUE                 WITH PAR VALUE                  PAR
      KIND OF STOCK             NUMBER OF SHARES              NUMBER OF SHARES                VALUE
<S>                             <C>                              <C>                          <C>

         COMMON                                                  200,000                      $.01

        PREFERRED
</Table>

CHANGE the total to:

<Table>
<Caption>

                                  NO PAR VALUE                 WITH PAR VALUE                   PAR
      KIND OF STOCK             NUMBER OF SHARES              NUMBER OF SHARES                 VALUE
<S>                             <C>                              <C>                          <C>
         COMMON                                                  10,000,000                   $.01

        PREFERRED
</Table>

<Page>

VOTED:   That the Articles of Organization of the Corporation be and hereby are
         amended as follows: (a) under Article 2, to add to the Corporation's
         purposes the following business activities: "To carry on any
         manufacturing, mercantile, selling, management, service, or other
         business, operation, or activity which may be lawfully carried on by a
         corporation organized under the Business Corporation Law of The
         Commonwealth of Massachusetts, whether or not related to those referred
         to in the foregoing paragraph"; (b) under Article 3, to change the
         200,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, currently
         authorized, of which 100,000 shares are outstanding, into 4,300,000
         shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of which 2,150,000
         shall be outstanding, and to increase the number of shares of Common
         Stock, par value $0.01 per share, that the Corporation is authorized to
         issue to 10,000,000 shares; (c) under Article 5, to delete in their
         entirety the restrictions imposed upon the transfer of shares of stock
         of any class of stock under Article 5 of the Articles of Organization;
         and (d) under Article 6, to add to the Corporation's other lawful
         provisions the provisions enumerated in Exhibit B to this Consent;

                              (Exhibit B Attached)

      The foregoing amendment will become effective when these articles of
amendment are filed in accordance with Chapter 156B, Section 6 of The General
Laws unless these articles specify, in accordance with the vote adopting the
amendment, a later effective date not more than thirty days after such filing,
in which event the amendment will become effective on such later date.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF AND UNDER THE PENALTIES OF PERJURY, we have hereto signed our
names this 25th day of June, in the year 1990.

         /s/        RICHARD E. FORKEY                               , President
---------------------------------------------------------------------

         /s/        EDWARD BENJAMIN                                 , Clerk
---------------------------------------------------------------------

<Page>

                                                                       EXHIBIT B

      6.1. The corporation may carry on any business, operation, or activity
referred to in Article 2 to the same extent as might an individual, whether as
principal, agent, contractor or otherwise, and either alone or in conjunction
with or in a joint venture or other arrangement with any corporation,
association, trust, firm, or individual.

      6.2. The corporation may carry on any business, operation or activity
through a wholly or partly owned subsidiary.

      6.3. The corporation may be a partner in any business enterprise which it
would have power to conduct by itself.

      6.4. The directors may make, amend, or repeal the by-laws in whole or in
part, except with respect to any provision thereof which by law or the by-laws
requires action by the stockholders.

      6.5. Meetings of the stockholders may be held anywhere in the United
States.

      6.6. Except as otherwise provided by law, no stockholder shall have any
right to examine any property or any books, accounts, or other writings of the
corporation if there is reasonable ground for belief that such examination will
for any reason be adverse to the interests of the corporation, and a vote of the
directors refusing permission to make such examination and setting forth that in
the opinion of the directors such examination would be adverse to the interests
of the corporation shall be prima facie evidence that such examination would be
adverse to the interests of the corporation. Every such examination shall be
subject to such reasonable regulations as the directors may establish in regard
thereto.

      6.7. The directors may specify the manner in which the accounts of the
corporation shall be kept and may determine what constitutes net earnings,
profits, and surplus, what amounts, if any, shall be reserved for any corporate
purpose, and what amounts, if any, shall be declared as dividends. Unless the
board of directors otherwise specifies, the excess of the consideration for any
share of its capital stock with par value issued by it over such par value shall
be surplus. The board of directors may allocate to capital stock less than all
of the consideration for any share of its capital stock without par value issued
by it, in which case the balance of such consideration shall be surplus. All
surplus shall be available for any corporate purpose, including the payment of
dividends.

      6.8. The purchase or other acquisition or retention by the corporation of
shares of its own capital stock shall not be deemed a reduction of its capital
stock. Upon any reduction of capital or capital stock, no stockholder shall have
any right to demand any

<Page>

distribution from the corporation, except as and to the extent that the
stockholders shall have provided at the time of authorizing such reduction.

      6.9. The directors shall have the power to fix from time to time their
compensation. No person shall be disqualified from holding any office by reason
of any interest. In the absence of fraud, any director, officer, or stockholder
of this corporation individually, or any individual having any interest in any
concerning which is a stockholder of this corporation, or any concern in which
any of such directors, officers, stockholders, or individuals has any interest,
may be a party to, or may be pecuniarily or otherwise interested in, any
contract, transaction, or other act of the corporation, and

      (1)     such contract, transaction, or act shall not be in any way
              invalidated or otherwise affected by that fact;

      (2)     no such director, officer, stockholder, or individual shall be
              liable to account to the corporation for any profit or benefit
              realized through any such contract, transaction, or act; and

      (3)     any such director of the corporation may be counted in determining
              the existence the existence of a quorum at any meeting of the
              directors or of any committee thereof which shall authorize any
              such contract, transaction, or act, and may vote to authorize the
              same;

provided, however, that any contract, transaction, or act in which any director
or officer of the corporation is so interested individually or as a director,
officer, trustee, or member of any concern which is not a subsidiary or
affiliate of the corporation, or in which any directors or officers are so
interested as holders, collectively, of a majority of shares of capital stock or
other beneficial interest at the time outstanding in any concern which is not a
subsidiary or affiliate of the corporation, shall be duly authorized or ratified
by a majority of the directors who are not so interested, to whom the nature of
such interest has been disclosed and who have made any findings required by law;

      the term "interest" including personal interest and interest as a
      director, officer, stockholder, shareholder, trustee, member, or
      beneficiary of any concern;

      the term "concern" meaning any corporation, association, trust,
      partnership, firm, person, or other entity other than the corporation; and

      the phrase "subsidiary or affiliate" meaning a concern in which a majority
      of the directors, trustees, partners, or controlling persons is elected or
      appointed by the directors of the corporation, or is constituted of the
      directors or officers of the corporation.

<Page>

To the extent permitted by law, the authorizing or ratifying vote of the holders
of shares representing a majority of the votes of the capital stock of the
corporation outstanding and entitled to vote for the election of directors at
any annual meeting or a special meeting duly called for the purpose (whether
such vote is passed before or after judgment rendered in a suit with respect to
such contract, transaction, or act) shall validate any contract, transaction, or
act of the corporation, or of the board of directors or any committee thereof,
with regard to all stockholders of the corporation, whether or not of record at
the time of such vote, and with regard to all creditors and other claimants
under the corporation; provided, however, that

      A.      with respect to the authorization or ratification of contracts,
              transactions, or acts in which any of the directors, officers, or
              stockholders of the corporation have an interest, the nature of
              such contracts, transactions, or acts and the interest of any
              director, officer, or stockholder therein shall be summarized in
              the notice of any such annual or special meeting, or in a
              statement or letter accompanying such notice, and shall be fully
              disclosed at any such meeting;

      B.      the stockholders so voting shall have made any findings required
              by law;

      C.      the stockholders so interested may vote at any such meeting except
              to the extent otherwise provided by law; and

      D.      any failure of the stockholders to authorize or ratify such
              contract, transaction, or act shall not be deemed in any way to
              invalidate the same or to deprive the corporation, its directors,
              officers or employees of its or their right to proceed with or
              enforce such contract, transaction, or act.

If the corporation has more than one class or series of capital stock
outstanding, the vote required by this paragraph shall be governed by the
provisions of the Articles of Organization applicable to such classes or series.

No contract, transaction, or act shall be avoided by reason of any provision of
this paragraph 6.9 which would be valid but for such provision or provisions.

      6.10. A director of the corporation shall not be liable to the corporation
or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a
director, except to the extent that exculpation from liability is not permitted
under the Massachusetts Business Corporation Law as in effect at the time such
liability is determined. No amendment or repeal of this paragraph 6.10 shall
apply to or have any effect on the liability or alleged liability of any
director of the corporation for or with respect to any acts or omissions of such
director occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.

<Page>

      6.11. The corporation shall have all powers granted to corporations by the
laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, provided that no such power shall
include any activity inconsistent with the Business Corporation Law or the
general laws of said Commonwealth

<Page>

                        THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
                 OFFICE OF THE MASSACHUSETTS SECRETARY OF STATE
                       MICHAEL JOSEPH CONNOLLY, Secretary
                    ONE ASHBURTON PLACE, BOSTON, MASS. 02108

                                                          FEDERAL IDENTIFICATION
                                                          NO. 04-2795294

                              ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT

                     General Laws, Chapter 156B, Section 72

              This certificate must be submitted to the Secretary of the
              Commonwealth within sixty days after the date of the vote of
              stockholders adopting the amendment. The fee for filing this
              certificate is prescribed by General Laws, Chapter 156B, Section
              114. Make check payable to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

We, Richard E. Forkey, President and
       Richard E. Forkey, Clerk of

                       PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

located at               22 EAST BROADWAY, GARDNER, MA 01440
           ---------------------------------------------------------------------

do hereby certify that the following amendment to the articles of organization
of the corporation was duly adopted by unanimous written consent on May 25,
1989, by vote of

100 shares of COMMON STOCK out of 100 shares outstanding, being at least a
majority of each class outstanding and entitled to vote therein.

<Page>

TO CHANGE the number of shares and the par value, if any, of each class of stock
within the corporation fill in the following:

The total presently authorized is:

<Table>
<Caption>

                                  NO PAR VALUE                 WITH PAR VALUE                   PAR
      KIND OF STOCK             NUMBER OF SHARES              NUMBER OF SHARES                 VALUE
<S>                                 <C>                       <C>                              <C>

         COMMON                     100

        PREFERRED
</Table>

CHANGE the total to:

<Table>
<Caption>

                                  NO PAR VALUE                 WITH PAR VALUE                   PAR
      KIND OF STOCK             NUMBER OF SHARES              NUMBER OF SHARES                 VALUE
<S>                                 <C>                            <C>                         <C>
         COMMON                                                    200,000                     $0.01

        PREFERRED
</Table>

<Page>

VOTED:        That the Articles of Organization of the Corporation be and hereby
              are amended to change the 100 shares of Common Stock, no par value
              per share, currently authorized, of which 100 shares are
              outstanding, into 100,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 per share,
              of which 100,000 shares shall be outstanding, and to increase the
              number of shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, that
              the Corporation is authorized to issue to 200,000 shares.

      The foregoing amendment will become effective when these articles of
amendment are filed in accordance with Chapter 156B, Section 6 of The General
Laws unless these articles specify, in accordance with the vote adopting the
amendment, a later effective date not more than thirty days after such filing,
in which event the amendment will become effective on such later date.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF AND UNDER THE PENALTIES OF PERJURY, WE HAVE HERETO SIGNED OUR
NAMES THIS 26th day of May, in the year 1989.

/s/        RICHARD E. FORKEY                                         , President
---------------------------------------------------------------------

/s/        RICHARD E. FORKEY                                         , Clerk
---------------------------------------------------------------------

<Page>

                        THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
                             MICHAEL JOSEPH CONNOLLY
                          SECRETARY OF THE COMMONWEALTH
                                   STATE HOUSE
                               BOSTON, MASS. 02133

                            ARTICLES OF ORGANIZATION
                              (UNDER G.L. CH. 156B)
                                  INCORPORATORS

NAME                                                         POST OFFICE ADDRESS

      INCLUDE GIVEN NAME IN FULL IN CASE OF NATURAL PERSONS, IN CASE OF A
      CORPORATION, GIVE STATE OF INCORPORATION.

Richard Forkey                              125 East Road, Westminster, MA 01473

         The above-named incorporator(s) do hereby associate (themselves) with
the intention of forming a corporation under the provisions of General Laws,
Chapter 156B and hereby state(s):

         1.       The name by which the corporation shall be known is:

                       PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

         2.       The purposes for which the corporation is formed are as
                  follows:

Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. has been formed to provide a variety of
services and products to the United States Government, various specialized
industrial customers as well as individual consumers. These goods and services
include, but are not limited to, the provision of engineering, technical,
marketing and management consultation in optical intensive and multi-disciplined
fields of technology; the design, development and production of optical systems
and specialized components of both conventional and unconventional optical
materials; the development, production and marketing of optical, laser-related
and other technology oriented instrumentation for measurement, process control
and robotic application in both industrial and consumer markets.

<Page>

         3.       The total number of shares and the par value, if any, of each
                  class of stock which the corporation is authorized is as
                  follows:

<Table>
<Caption>

                                  NO PAR VALUE                  WITH PAR VALUE
     CLASS OF STOCK             NUMBER OF SHARES        NUMBER OF SHARES    PAR          AMOUNT
                                                                           VALUE
<S>                               <C>                        <C>          <C>             <C>

        PREFERRED                                                                         $

         COMMON                   100
</Table>

         *4.      If more than one class is authorized, a description of each of
                  the different classes of stock with, if any, the preferences,
                  voting powers, qualifications, special rights or privileges as
                  to each class thereof and any series now established:

         *5.      The restrictions, if any, imposed by the Articles of
                  Organization upon the transfer of shares of stock of any class
                  are as follows:

                  In the event that any of the stockholders or legal
                  representatives desire to sell their stock, they shall offer
                  the stock to the corporation for sale at least thirty days
                  prior to the actual sale to another party. In the event that
                  the corporation does not buy the stock within that period of
                  time, the stockholder will be free to sell the stock to any
                  person.

         *6.      Other lawful provisions, if any, for the conduct and
                  regulation of the business and affairs of the corporation, for
                  its voluntary dissolution, or for limiting, defining, or
                  regulating the powers of the corporation, or of its directors,
                  or stockholders or of any class of stockholders.

*If there are no provisions, state  None.

<Page>

         7.       By-laws of the corporation have been duly adopted and the
                  initial directors, president, treasurer and clerk whose names
                  are set out below have been duly elected.

         8.       The effective date of organization of the corporation shall be
                  the date of filing with the Secretary of the Commonwealth or
                  if later date is desired, specify date, (not more than 30 days
                  after date of filing).

         9.       The following information shall not for any purpose be treated
                  as a permanent part of the Articles of Organization of the
                  corporation.

                  a.       THE POST OFFICE ADDRESS of the INITIAL PRINCIPAL
                           OFFICE of the corporation in Massachusetts:

                                     125 East Road, Westminster, MA 01473

                  b.       The name, residence and post office address of each
                           of the initial directors and following officers of
                           the corporation are as follows:

<Table>
<Caption>

              NAME                 RESIDENCE POST OFFICE ADDRESS

<S>                                <C>
PRESIDENT: RICHARD FORKEY          125 EAST ROAD, WESTMINSTER, MA 01473
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TREASURER: RICHARD FORKEY          125 EAST ROAD, WESTMINSTER, MA 01473
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CLERK:     EDWARD J. MOLONEY       174 CENTRAL ST., LOWELL, MA 01852
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</Table>

Directors:

                Richard Forkey              125 East Rd., Westminster, MA 01473

                  c.       The date initially adopted on which the corporation's
                           fiscal year ends is:

                                     June 30

                  d.       The date initially fixed in the by-laws for the
                           annual meeting of stockholders of the corporation is:

                                                 15th of July

                  e.       The name and business address of the resident agent,
                           if any of the corporation is:

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF and under the penalties of perjury the above named
      INCORPORATOR(S) sign(s) these Articles of Organization the 27 day of
      December 1982.

                                      /s/ Richard Forkey
                                      ------------------------------------------
                                      Richard Forkey

The signature of each incorporator which is not a natural person must be by an
individual who shall show the capacity in which he acts and by signing shall
represent under the penalties of perjury that he is duly authorized on his
behalf to sign the Articles of Organization.

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