Document:

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                                                                    EXHIBIT 4.2

                             [NEOTHERAPEUTICS LOGO]

                                  June 12, 2001

CANTOR FITZGERALD & CO.
One World Trade Center
New York, NY 10048

Dear Sirs/Ladies:

        Pursuant to the terms of that certain Letter Agreement dated April 11,
2001, by and between Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. and NeoTherapeutics, Inc. (the
"Letter Agreement"), the parties to the Letter Agreement hereby agree to amend
the Letter Agreement as follows:

        (1) Add subsections D and E to Section 3 of the Letter Agreement to read
in their entirety as follows:

        "D. With respect to each accepted Placement Notice under either Sales
Agreement dated June 12, 2001 (collectively, the "Sales Agreements"), by and
between the Company and CF&Co, the Company will issue to CF&Co a five year
warrant to purchase shares of Common Stock of the Company in an amount equal to
10% of the number of shares of Common Stock sold by the Company pursuant to such
Placement Notice. Each such warrant will have an exercise price equal to 130% of
the volume weighted average sale price of the shares of Common Stock sold
pursuant to the applicable Placement Notice, will be dated as of the last
Settlement Date (as defined in the Sales Agreements) for sales of Common Stock
made under the applicable Placement Notice and will otherwise be in
substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. Each such warrant shall be
delivered to CF&Co within seven days after the later of: (i) the last Settlement
Date for sales of Common Stock made under the applicable Placement Notice, or
(ii) the date on which the Company receives written notice from CF&Co that no
further sales will be made pursuant to such Placement Notice.

        E.  (i) Until the aggregate cash fees paid, or deemed paid pursuant to
paragraph (vi) below, to CF&Co under the Sales Agreements and this subsection E
equals or exceeds $336,000, promptly after the closing of each sale or deemed
sale by the Company of shares of the Company's common stock, par value $.001 per
share (the "Common Stock"), made as part of a Financing Transaction (as defined
below), subject to the exceptions set forth below, the Company shall pay to
CF&Co a cash fee equal to 2% of the Company's gross proceeds received at such
closing. In addition, until the Company has issued, including warrants deemed
issued pursuant to paragraph (vi) below, warrants to CF&Co under subsections D
and E hereof with respect to sales or deemed sales of shares of Common Stock,
including Initial Payments (as defined below), having aggregate gross proceeds
of $8,400,000, promptly after the closing of each sale or deemed sale by the
Company of shares of Common Stock made as part of a

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Financing Transaction, subject to the exceptions set forth below, the Company
shall issue to CF&Co a warrant to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock
equal to 10% of the number of shares of Common Stock sold by the Company in such
closing, dated as of the date of such closing, with an exercise price per share
equal to 130% of the volume weighted average price per share of the Common Stock
sold or deemed to be sold in such closing, which warrant shall otherwise be in
the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. The cash fee payable and warrants
issuable pursuant to this paragraph (i) with respect to any sale or deemed sale
of Common Stock shall be referred to collectively as the "Alternative Financing
Fee". For the purposes of this subsection E, a "Financing Transaction" shall
mean any transaction in which the Company sells or issues securities to or
through a party or parties other than CF&Co or its affiliates, prior to such
time as both Sales Agreements have been terminated by either party thereto, in
return for cash consideration, other than (x) sales or issuances upon the
exercise of options, warrants or other rights to acquire securities of the
Company issued to employees of or consultants to the Company or any of its
subsidiaries or (y) sales or issuances made to an entity which is, itself or
through its subsidiaries or affiliates, an operating company in a business
related to the business of the Company and in connection with which the Company
receives material benefits in addition to the investment of funds.

            (ii) The Company shall not be required to pay the Alternative
Financing Fee for sales or deemed sales of Common Stock made to or through a
party or parties other than CF&Co if such sale meets any of the following
conditions (each such sale, an "Exempt Sale"):

                (a) CF&Co fails to sell shares of Common Stock for gross
        proceeds of at least $3,000,000 pursuant to an accepted Placement Notice
        under either Sales Agreement within 30 days after the date of acceptance
        at such Placement Notice, where (x) such Placement Notice permits sales
        of Common Stock having proceeds of at least $3,000,000 over a period of
        at least 30 days, and (y) the Company does not suspend sales under such
        Placement Notice pursuant to the terms of the applicable Sales Agreement
        or sell or offer to sell shares of Common Stock in violation of Section
        7(j) of the applicable Sales Agreement, and the closing of the Exempt
        Sale occurs within 90 days after the end of such 30 day period at a sale
        price per share not less than the product of: (x) the volume weighted
        average price of the Common Stock for sales made through the Nasdaq
        National Market, as reported by Bloomberg, L.P. (the "VWAP"), on the
        date on which the definitive written purchase agreement related to such
        Exempt Sale is entered into, unless such written agreement specifies
        another date or period for determining the purchase price for such
        Exempt Sale, in which case, the applicable VWAP shall be that reported
        for such specified date or, if applicable, the last date of the
        specified period; multiplied by (y) a fraction, the numerator of which
        is the minimum price at which CF&Co was permitted to make sales under
        the applicable Placement Notice, and the denominator of which is the
        VWAP for the first 30 days of the period covered by such Placement
        Notice.

                (b) CF&Co has declined to issue a Placement Notice under either
        Sales Agreement within five trading days after receiving written notice
        of proposed placement terms from the Company, and the closing for the
        Exempt Sale occurs within 90 days after the end of such five trading day
        period at a sale price per share not less than the product of: (x) the
        VWAP on the date on which the definitive written purchase

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        agreement related to such Exempt Sale is entered into, unless such
        written agreement specifies another date or period for determining the
        purchase price for such Exempt Sale, in which case, the applicable VWAP
        shall be that reported for such specified date or, if applicable, the
        last date of the specified period; multiplied by (y) a fraction, the
        numerator of which is the minimum price at which CF&Co was permitted to
        make sales under the proposed placement terms, and the denominator of
        which is the VWAP for the five trading days immediately preceding the
        date of such written notice from the Company.

                (iii) Sales of securities of a subsidiary of the Company which
are either convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock or
securities of the Company convertible into Common Stock shall be deemed to be a
sale by the Company of a security convertible into Common Stock subject to the
application paragraph (iv) below; provided, that under no circumstances shall a
sale of securities by any subsidiary of the Company be deemed to be a sale of
securities by the Company if (x) the purchaser(s) of such securities are not
granted a right to exchange such securities for Common Stock or securities of
the Company convertible into Common Stock, or (y) the purchaser(s) of such
securities must hold such securities for not less than 6 months before
exercising any right to exchange such securities for Common Stock or securities
of the Company convertible into Common Stock, in which case the sale of such
securities by the subsidiary and the issuance of Common Stock or other
securities by the Company upon the exercise of such exchange or conversion
rights, including the issuance of Common Stock upon conversion or exercise or in
exchange for such other securities of the Company, shall be deemed to be an
Exempt Sale not subject to the payment of Alternative Financing Fees.

                (iv) For the purposes of this subsection E, the sale by the
Company of a security convertible into Common Stock without the payment of
additional consideration to the Company upon such conversion shall be deemed to
be the sale by the Company on the date of such sale of the number of shares of
Common Stock into which such convertible securities would be convertible if
converted on the date of the sale of such convertible securities, for the
aggregate gross cash consideration received by the Company upon issuance of such
convertible securities.

                (v) If the Company issues, in return for cash consideration
(each, an "Initial Payment"), as part of a Financing Transaction, securities
("Cash Securities") exercisable, convertible or exchangeable (collectively,
"Exercisable", and the exercise, conversion or exchange thereof collectively,
"Exercise") into Common Stock upon the payment of additional consideration, the
Company shall pay to CF&Co a cash fee equal to 2% of such Initial Payment, and
shall issue to CF&Co a warrant to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock
equal to 10% of the quotient obtained by dividing the Initial Payment by the
VWAP on the date on which the Company received the Initial Payment, rounded to
the nearest whole number, dated as of such date, with an exercise price per
share equal to 130% of the VWAP on such date, which warrant shall otherwise be
in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, and such cash fee and warrant shall be
deemed to be an Alternative Financing Fee for all purposes under this Agreement.
For the purposes only of determining the exercise price of the warrant component
of any Alternative Financing Fee payable with respect to the Exercise of Cash
Securities, the applicable Initial Payment shall be deemed to be received by the
Company upon such Exercise as gross proceeds from the issuance of the
corresponding Common Stock, and a pro rata portion of such Initial Payment shall
be included in calculating the per share purchase price of such Common Stock,
based upon the number of shares of Common Stock issued upon such Exercise;

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provided, however, that in the case of a partial Exercise of any Cash
Securities, only such portion (the "Exercised Portion") of the Initial Payment
applicable to such portion of such securities as are Exercised shall be deemed
to be received by the Company upon such Exercise, determined by comparing the
number of shares of Common Stock issued upon such Exercise to the maximum number
of shares of Common Stock issuable upon full Exercise of the Cash Securities
issued in return for such Initial Payment, if there is such a maximum number, or
if there is no such maximum number, determined on the basis of the number or
principal amount of securities Exercised. In addition, no warrants shall be
issued as the warrant component of any Alternative Financing Fee payable with
respect to the Exercise of Cash Securities except to the extent that, and in an
amount equal to the amount by which, the aggregate number of shares which would
otherwise be issuable upon exercise of such warrants exceeds the number of
shares issuable upon exercise of warrants issued with respect to the
corresponding Initial Payment (or the Exercised Portion thereof if less than all
of the applicable Cash Securities are Exercised at such time).

                (vi) For the purposes of paragraph (i) above, the Company shall
be deemed to have paid to CF&Co the Alternative Financing Fee (including
warrants) that would have been payable with respect to any Exempt Sale (other
than transactions deemed to be Exempt Sales pursuant to paragraph (iii) above)
but for the application of paragraph (ii) above.

                (vii) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this
Agreement, in no event shall any Alternative Financing Fee be payable under this
Section E to the extent that the cash portion of such Alternative Financing Fee
would cause the aggregate cash fees paid, or deemed paid pursuant to paragraph
(vi) above, to CF&Co under the Sales Agreements and this subsection E to exceed
$336,000, or to the extent that immediately after the issuance the warrant
portion of such Alternative Financing Fee, the Company would have issued,
including warrants deemed issued pursuant to paragraph (vi) above, warrants to
CF&Co under subsections D and E hereof with respect to sales or deemed sales of
shares of Common Stock, including Initial Payments, having aggregate gross
proceeds of $8,400,000."

        (2) Add a new Section 4 to the Letter Agreement, and to renumber the
subsequent sections accordingly, such new Section 4 to read in its entirety as
follows:

        "4. Registration Rights.

            A. DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Section 4:

                (i) "Board" means the Board of Directors of the Company, as the
        same shall be constituted from time to time.

                (ii) "Exempt Registration" means a registration statement
        relating to the sale of securities by the Company pursuant to a stock
        option, stock purchase or similar benefit plan or an SEC Rule 145
        transaction or any other registration statement that would not
        customarily provide for the secondary sale of equity shares for cash.

                (iii) "Form S-3" means such form under the Securities Act as in
        effect on the date hereof or any successor form under the Securities Act
        that is intended to be used as a short form for the registration of
        distributions of secondary shares.

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                (iv) "Holder" means any person owning or having the right to
        acquire Registrable Securities or any assignee thereof in accordance
        with the provisions of this Agreement.

                (v) "person" means any individual, corporation, partnership,
        limited liability company, trust, business, association or government or
        political subdivision thereof, governmental agency or other entity.

                (vi) "register," "registered," and "registration" refer to a
        registration effected by preparing and filing a registration statement
        or similar document in compliance with the Securities Act and the
        declaration or ordering of effectiveness of such registration statement
        or document.

                (vii) The term "Registrable Securities" means as of any given
        date, shares of Common Stock issuable or issued upon exercise of
        warrants issued to CF&Co pursuant to this Agreement which warrants are
        or were issued as of a date not less than one year prior to such date;
        provided, however, that the foregoing definition shall exclude in all
        cases (x) any securities sold or transferred by a Holder in a
        transaction in which such Holder's rights under this Section 4 are not
        assigned, and (y) any securities that may be sold by the Holder thereof
        pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

                (viii) "SEC" means the Securities and Exchange Commission or any
        other federal agency at the time administering the Securities Act.

                (ix) "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as
        amended.

           B. FORM S-3 REGISTRATION. In case the Company shall receive from any
Holder or Holders then holding not less than 100,000 Registrable Securities,
including Registrable Securities issuable upon the exercise of warrants then
held by such Holder or Holders, a written request or requests that the Company
effect a resale registration statement on Form S-3 and any related qualification
or compliance with respect to not less than 100,000 Registrable Securities held
by such Holder or Holders, the Company will:

                (i) Promptly give written notice of the proposed registration,
        and any related qualification or compliance, to all other Holders, if
        any; and

                (ii) As soon as practicable, effect such registration and all
        such qualifications and compliances as may be so requested and as would
        permit or facilitate the sale and distribution of all or such portion of
        such Holder's or Holders' Registrable Securities as are specified in
        such request, together with all or such portion of the Registrable
        Securities of any other Holder or Holders joining in such request as are
        specified in a written request given within 15 days after receipt of
        such written notice from the Company; provided, however, that the
        Company shall not be obligated to effect any such registration,
        qualification or compliance, pursuant to this subsection B: (w) if Form
        S-3 is not available for such offering by the Holders; (x) if the
        Company shall furnish to the Holders a certificate signed by the Chief
        Executive Officer of the Company stating that in the good faith judgment
        of the Board of Directors of the Company, it would be seriously
        detrimental to the Company and its shareholders for such Form S-3

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        registration statement to be filed or declared effective at such time,
        in which event the Company shall have the right to defer the filing of
        the Form S-3 registration statement for a period of not more than 60
        days after receipt of the request of the Holder or Holders under this
        subsection B; provided, however, that the Company shall not utilize this
        right more than once in any twelve month period; (y) if the Company has,
        within the twelve (12) month period preceding the date of such request,
        already effected two registrations on Form S-3 for the Holders pursuant
        to this subsection B; or (z) in any particular jurisdiction in which the
        Company would be required to qualify to do business or to execute a
        general consent to service of process in effecting such registration,
        qualification or compliance.

                (iii) Subject to the foregoing, the Company shall file a
        registration statement covering the Registrable Securities and other
        securities so requested to be registered as soon as practicable after,
        and in any event within 45 days after (the "Filing Deadline"), receipt
        of any request or requests of the Holders and use its commercially
        reasonable efforts to cause such filed registration statement to become
        effective by the Effectiveness Date. "Effectiveness Date" means the 90th
        day following receipt by the Company of any request or requests of their
        Holders.

           C. COMPANY REGISTRATION.

                (i) Initiation. If the Company proposes to register (including
        for this purpose a registration effected by the Company for stockholders
        other than the Holders) any of its stock in connection with the public
        offering of such securities solely for cash (other than an Exempt
        Registration), the Company shall, at such time, promptly give each
        Holder notice of such proposed registration. Upon the written request of
        each Holder given within 20 days after receipt by such Holder of the
        Company's notice, the Company shall, subject to the provisions of the
        remainder of this Section C, cause to be included in such registration
        statement all of the Registrable Securities that each such Holder has
        requested to be registered.

                (ii) Underwritten Offering. In connection with any offering
        involving an underwriting of shares of the Company's capital stock, the
        Company shall not be required under paragraph C(i) to include any of the
        Holders' securities in such underwriting unless they accept the terms of
        the underwriting as agreed upon between the Company and the underwriters
        selected by it (or by other persons entitled to select the
        underwriters), and then only in such quantity as the underwriters
        determine in their sole discretion will not jeopardize the success of
        the offering by the Company.

                (iii) Demand Registration. If the registration referred to in
        paragraph C(i) is being made by the Company to satisfy demand
        registration rights (a "Demand Registration") held by any person or
        entity (a "Demanding Holder"), the Company shall not be required under
        paragraph C(i) to include any of the Holders' securities in such
        registration, except in such quantity as the Demanding Holder shall
        determine in its sole discretion, subject to the provisions of paragraph
        C(iv) below.

                (iv) Cutbacks. If the total amount of securities, including
        Registrable Securities, requested by stockholders to be included in an
        underwritten

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        offering or a Demand Registration exceeds the amount of securities sold
        other than by the Company or the Demanding Holder, respectively, that
        the underwriters or Demanding Holder, respectively, determine in their
        sole discretion is compatible with the success of the offering, then the
        Company shall be required to include in the offering only that number of
        such securities, including Registrable Securities, which the
        underwriters or Demanding Holder, respectively, determine in their sole
        discretion will not jeopardize the success of the offering (the
        securities so included to be apportioned pro rata (to the nearest 100
        shares) among the selling stockholders according to the total amount of
        securities entitled to be included therein owned by each selling
        stockholder or in such other proportions as shall mutually be agreed to
        by such selling stockholders). For purposes of the preceding
        apportionment, for any participating Holder that is a partnership,
        limited liability company or corporation, the partners, retired
        partners, members, retired members and stockholders of such Holder, or
        the estates and family members of any such partners, members, retired
        partners or members and any trusts for the benefit of any of the
        foregoing persons shall be deemed to be a single "selling stockholder,"
        and any pro-rata reduction with respect to such "selling stockholder"
        shall be based upon the aggregate amount of shares carrying registration
        rights owned by all Persons included in such "selling stockholder," as
        defined in this sentence.

                (v) Right to Terminate Registration. The Company shall have the
        right to terminate or withdraw any registration initiated by it under
        this subsection C prior to the effectiveness of such registration
        whether or not any Holder has elected to include Registrable Securities
        in such registration.

           D. OBLIGATIONS OF THE COMPANY. Whenever required under this Section 4
to effect the registration of any Registrable Securities, the Company shall, as
expeditiously as reasonably possible:

                (i) Prepare and file with the SEC a registration statement with
        respect to such Registrable Securities and use its best efforts to cause
        such registration statement to become effective.

                (ii) Prepare and file with the SEC such amendments and
        supplements to such registration statement and the prospectus used in
        connection with such registration statement as may be necessary to
        comply with the provisions of the Securities Act.

                (iii) Furnish to the Holders such numbers of copies of a
        prospectus, including a preliminary prospectus, in conformity with the
        requirements of the Securities Act, and such other documents as they may
        reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of such
        Registrable Securities.

                (iv) Use its reasonable best efforts to register and qualify the
        securities covered by such registration statement under such other
        securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as shall be reasonably
        requested by the Holders, provided that the Company shall not be
        required in connection therewith or as a condition thereto to qualify to
        do business or to file a general consent to service of process in any
        such states or jurisdictions.

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                (v) In the event of any underwritten public offering, enter into
        and perform its obligations under an underwriting agreement with the
        managing underwriter of such offering in usual and customary form and
        consistent with the other provisions of this Agreement. Each Holder
        participating in such underwriting shall also enter into and perform its
        obligations under such an agreement.

                (vi) Promptly notify each Holder covered by the registration
        statement at any time when the Company becomes aware of the happening of
        any event as a result of which the registration statement or the
        prospectus included in such registration statement or any supplement to
        the prospectus (as then in effect) contains any untrue statement of a
        material fact or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the
        statements there in (in the case of the prospectus, in light of the
        circumstances under which they were made) not misleading or, if for any
        other reason it shall be necessary during such time period to amend or
        supplement the registration statement or the prospectus in order to
        comply with the Securities Act, whereupon, in either case, each Holder
        shall immediately cease to use such registration statement or prospectus
        for any purpose and, as promptly as practicable thereafter, the Company
        shall prepare and file with the SEC, and furnish without charge to the
        appropriate Holders and managing underwriters, if any, a supplement or
        amendment to such registration statement or prospectus which will
        correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance and such
        copies thereof as the Holders and any underwriters may reasonably
        request.

                (vii) Cause all such Registrable Securities registered pursuant
        hereunder to be listed on each securities exchange or market on which
        similar securities issued by the Company are then listed or traded, if
        applicable.

                (viii) Provide a transfer agent and registrar for such
        Registrable Securities not later than the effective date of such
        registration.

                (ix) Use its reasonable best efforts to furnish, at the request
        of any Holder requesting registration of Registrable Securities pursuant
        to this Section 4, on the date that such Registrable Securities are
        delivered to the underwriters for sale in connection with a registration
        pursuant to this Section 4, if such securities are being sold through
        underwriters, or, if such securities are not being sold through
        underwriters, on the date that the registration statement with respect
        to such securities becomes effective, (i) an opinion, dated such date,
        of the counsel representing the Company for the purposes of such
        registration, in form and substance as is customarily given to
        underwriters in an underwritten public offering, addressed to the
        underwriters, if any, and to the Holders requesting registration of
        Registrable Securities and (ii) a letter dated such date, from the
        independent certified public accountants of the Company, in form and
        substance as is customarily given by independent certified public
        accountants to underwriters in an underwritten public offering,
        addressed to the underwriters, if any, and to the Holders requesting
        registration of Registrable Securities (to the extent the then
        applicable standards of professional conduct permit said letter to be
        addressed to the Holders).

           E. FURNISH INFORMATION. It shall be a condition precedent to the
obligations of the Company to take any action pursuant to this Section 4 with
respect to the Registrable Securities of any selling Holder that such Holder
shall furnish to the Company such

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information regarding itself, the Registrable Securities held by it, and the
intended method of disposition of such securities as shall be required to effect
the registration of such Holder's Registrable Securities.

           F. EXPENSES OF REGISTRATION. All expenses incurred in connection with
a registration requested pursuant to this Section 4, including (without
limitation) all registration, filing, qualification, printers' and accounting
fees and the reasonable fees and disbursements of one counsel for the selling
Holder or Holders selected by Holders selling a majority of the subject
Registrable Securities, such fees and disbursements not to exceed $10,000 for
each requested registration, and counsel for the Company shall be borne by the
Company, and any underwriters' discounts or commissions associated with
Registrable Securities shall be borne pro rata by the Holder or Holders
participating in the Form S-3 Registration.

           G. INDEMNIFICATION. In the event any Registrable Securities are
included in a registration statement under this Section 4:

                (i) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each
        Holder and each person, if any, who (i) controls such Holder within the
        meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the
        Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or
        (ii) is controlled by or is under common control with a Holder from and
        against any and all losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages
        (including, but not limited to, any and all investigative, legal and
        other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any and all
        amounts paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding between
        any of the indemnified parties and any indemnifying parties or between
        any indemnified party and any third party, or otherwise, or any claim
        asserted), as and when incurred, to which the Holder, or any such
        person, may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or
        other federal or state statutory law or regulation, at common law or
        otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, liabilities, expenses or
        damages arise out of or are based, directly or indirectly, on (x) any
        untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact
        contained in any preliminary prospectus, registration statement or final
        prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to this Section 4, or any
        amendment or supplement to any such registration statement or
        prospectus, or in any application or other document executed by or on
        behalf of the Company or based on written information furnished by or on
        behalf of the Company filed in any jurisdiction in order to qualify the
        Registrable Securities under the securities laws thereof or filed with
        the SEC, or (y) the omission or alleged omission to state in such
        document a material fact required to be stated in it or necessary to
        make the statements in it not misleading; provided that this indemnity
        agreement shall not apply to the extent that such loss, claim,
        liability, expense or damage is caused directly by an untrue statement
        or omission made in reliance on and in conformity with information
        relating to the Holder and furnished in writing to the Company by the
        Holder expressly stating that such information is intended for inclusion
        in any document described in clause (i)(x) above. Any reference in this
        subsection G to a registration statement, prospectus or any amendment or
        supplement thereto shall be deemed to refer to and include any documents
        incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference

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        therein, and any reference to the terms "amend," "amendment" or
        "supplement" with respect to such registration statement or prospectus
        shall be deemed to refer to and include filing with the SEC of any
        document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein.
        This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability that the
        Company might otherwise have.

                (ii) Each Holder agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the
        Company and its directors and each officer of the Company who signed a
        registration statement in which Registrable Securities are included, and
        each person, if any, who (x) controls the Company within the meaning of
        Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act or
        (y) is controlled by or is under common control with Company against any
        and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the
        indemnity contained in subsection (i) of this subsection, as incurred,
        but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged
        untrue statements or omissions, made in such registration statement (or
        any amendments thereto) or any preliminary or final prospectus (or any
        amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with
        written information and relating to such Holder furnished to the Company
        by such Holder expressly stating that such information is intended for
        use in such registration statement (or any amendment thereto) or such
        preliminary or final prospectus (or any amendment or supplement
        thereto).

                (iii) Any party that proposes to assert the right to be
        indemnified under this subsection G will, promptly after receipt of
        notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of
        which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties
        under this subsection G, notify each such indemnifying party of the
        commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but
        the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the
        indemnifying party from (x) any liability that it might have to any
        indemnified party otherwise than under this subsection G and (y) any
        liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing
        provision of this subsection G unless, and only to the extent that, such
        omission results in the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses by
        the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any
        indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its
        commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in
        and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the
        indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of
        the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other
        indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the
        action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party,
        and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of
        its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be
        liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except
        as provided below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation
        subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the
        defense. The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own
        counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of
        such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (w)
        the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized
        in writing by the indemnifying party, (x) the indemnified party has
        reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be
        legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are
        different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying
        party, (y) a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of
        counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the
        indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have
        the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the
        indemnified party) or (z) the

                                       10
<PAGE>   11

        indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the
        defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice
        of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable
        fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense
        of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the
        indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any
        proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable
        for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than
        one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one
        time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees,
        disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying
        party promptly as they are incurred. An indemnifying party will not be
        liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its
        written consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written
        consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to
        the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or
        proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this subsection G
        (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such
        settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of
        each indemnified party from all liability arising or that may arise out
        of such claim, action or proceeding. Notwithstanding any other provision
        of this subsection G, if at any time an indemnified party shall have
        requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for
        fees and expenses of counsel for which it is entitled to reimbursement
        pursuant to this subsection G, such indemnifying party agrees that it
        shall be liable for any settlement effected without its written consent
        if (x) such settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt
        by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (y) such
        indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such
        settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement being entered into,
        and (z) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such
        indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of
        such settlement; provided that an indemnifying party shall not be liable
        for any such settlement effected without its consent if such
        indemnifying party, at least five days prior to the date of such
        settlement, (x) reimburses such indemnified party in accordance with
        such request for the amount of such fees and expenses of counsel as the
        indemnifying party believes in good faith to be reasonable and (y)
        provides written notice to the indemnified party that the indemnifying
        party disputes in good faith the reasonableness of the unpaid balance of
        such fees and expenses.

                (iv) In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in
        circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing
        paragraphs of this subsection G is applicable in accordance with its
        terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or
        any Holder, the Company and the applicable Holders will contribute to
        the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including
        any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in
        connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit
        or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any
        contribution received by the Company from persons other than the
        applicable Holders, such as persons who control the Company within the
        meaning of the Securities Act, officers of the Company who signed the
        applicable registration statement and directors of the Company, who also
        may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and the applicable
        Holders may be subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to
        reflect the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the
        applicable Holders, on the other, with respect to the statements or
        omission which resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or
        damage, or action in respect

                                       11
<PAGE>   12

        thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with
        respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined by
        reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue
        statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a
        material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the
        applicable Holders, the intent of the parties and their relative
        knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent
        such statement or omission. The Company and the Holders agree that it
        would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this
        subsection G(iv) were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any
        other method of allocation which does not take into account the
        equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable
        by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability,
        expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in
        this subsection G(iv) shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of
        this subsection G(iv), any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred
        by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending
        any such action or claim to the extent consistent with subsection G(iii)
        hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this subsection
        G(iv), each Holder shall not be required to contribute any amount in
        excess of the net proceeds received by it from the offering and no
        person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning
        of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution
        from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
        For purposes of this subsection G(iv), any person who controls a party
        to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any
        officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of a Holder, will
        have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each officer of
        the Company who signed the applicable registration statement will have
        the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to
        the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly
        after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party
        in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this
        subsection G(iv), will notify any such party or parties from whom
        contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not
        relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from
        any other obligation it or they may have under this subsection G(iv).
        Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of
        subsection G(iii) hereof, no party will be liable for contribution with
        respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if
        such consent is required pursuant to subsection G(iii) hereof."

        (3) Amend Section 7 (renumbered by this Amendment to be Section 8) to
read in its entirety as follows:

        "8. Termination. Either party may terminate this Agreement at any time
on one business day's prior written notice to the other party. Upon such
termination, neither party will have any obligation to the other party, except
that the provisions of Sections 3B (with respect to expenses incurred prior to
such termination), 3D, 3E, 4, 6 and 11 hereof shall remain in full force and
effect notwithstanding such termination."

        (4) Add an Exhibit A the form of which is attached hereto as Exhibit A.

        (5) Amend Section 3A by replacing the phrase "Section 2" in the second
last sentence with the phrase "Section 3, other than pursuant to Section 3E," so
that the second last sentence of Section 3A shall read in its entirety as
follows:

                                       12
<PAGE>   13

        "The retainer will be non-refundable, provided, however, that any cash
fees payable to CF&Co pursuant to this Section 3, other than pursuant to Section
3E, will be credited against the retainer."

        Except as provided herein, all other provisions of the Letter Agreement
will remain in full force and effect.

                                       13
<PAGE>   14

        Please indicate your agreement with the foregoing by signing where
indicated below and returning a signed copy to us, upon which this letter will
become a binding agreement between us.

                                          Very truly yours,

                                          NEOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                          By:
                                             ----------------------------------
                                             Name:
                                             Title:

Agreed and Accepted
as of June 12, 2001

CANTOR FITZGERALD & CO.

By:
   ----------------------------------
   Name:
   Title:<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.1
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S>                                                                           <C>

---------------------                                                          ---------------------
      NUMBER                                                                          SHARES
---------------------                                                          ---------------------
     M 02101
---------------------                                                          ---------------------

                                      MOLICHEM MEDICINES, INC.                     SEE REVERSE FOR
                         INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE    CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     --------------------------                  -------------------
                                            COMMON STOCK                          CUSIP 60855P 10 4
                                     --------------------------                  -------------------

--------------------
THIS CERTIFIES THAT:
--------------------

---------------
is the owner of
---------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          FULLY PAID AND NON-ASSESSABLE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK OF $.0001 PAR VALUE EACH OF
          ---------------------------                          ---------------------------
------------------------------------- MILICHEM MEDICINES, INC. -------------------------------------
          ---------------------------                          ---------------------------

transferable on the books of the Corporation in person or by attorney upon surrender of this
certificate duly endorsed or assigned. This certificate and the shares represented hereby are
subject to the laws of the State of Delaware, and to the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws of
the Corporation, as now or hereafter amended. This certificate is not valid until countersigned by
the Transfer Agent and registered by the Registrar.
   WITNESS the facsimile seal of the Corporation and the facsimile signatures of its duly authorized
officers.

---------------------------                       COUNTERSIGNED:
DATED:                                                         COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA
---------------------------                          P.O. BOX 1900, STATION B, MONTREAL QUEBEC H03XX
                                                                          TRANSFER AGENT & REGISTRAR

                                               [SEAL]  BY:

                                                                                AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE

/s/ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX                               /s/ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
------------------------------------                            ------------------------------------
             SECRETARY                                                     PRESIDENT
</TABLE>

COUNTERSIGNED:  COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, INC.
                 P.O. BOX 1806, DENVER, CO. 80201
                       TRANSFER AGENT & REGISTRAR
BY:

                             AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE

                                      F-13
<PAGE>

                            MOLICHEM MEDICINES, INC.

     The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of
this certificate, shall be construed as though they were written out in full
according to applicable laws or regulations:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S>                                                 <C>
TEN COM - as tenants in common                      UNIF GIFT MIN ACT - ....... Custodian ........
TEN ENT - as tenants by the entreties                                   (Cust)            (Minor)
JT TEN - as joint tenants with right of                     under Uniform Gifts to Minors
         survivorship and not as tenants
         in common                                                      Act.................
                                                                                (State)
</TABLE>

    Additional abbreviations may also be used though not in the above list.

      For Value Received __________ hereby sell, assign and transfer unto

PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY OR OTHER
   IDENTIFYING NUMBER OF ASSIGNEE
--------------------------------------

--------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (PLEASE PRINT OR TYPEWRITE NAME AND ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE OF ASSIGNEE)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                          Shares
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
of the stock represented by the within Certificate, and do hereby irrevocably
constitute, and appoint
                                                                        Attorney
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
to transfer the said stock on the books of the within named Corporation with
full power of substitution in the premises.

Dated
      ----------------------

                    ------------------------------------------------------------
                    NOTICE: THE SIGNATURE TO THIS ASSIGNMENT MUST CORRESPOND
                    WITH THE NAME AS WRITTEN UPON THE FACE OF THE CERTIFICATE IN
                    EVERY PARTICULAR, WITHOUT ALTERATION OR ENLARGEMENT OR ANY
                    CHANGE WHATSOEVER.

THE CORPORATION WILL FURNISH TO ANY STOCKHOLDER, UPON REQUEST AND WITHOUT
CHARGE, A FULL STATEMENT OF THE DESIGNATIONS, RELATIVE RIGHTS, PREFERENCES AND
LIMITATIONS OF THE SHARES OF EACH CLASS AND SERIES AUTHORIZED TO BE ISSUED, SO
FAR AS THE SAME HAVE BEEN DETERMINED, AND OF THE AUTHORITY, IF ANY, OF THE BOARD
TO DIVIDE THE SHARES INTO CLASSES OR SERIES AND TO DETERMINE AND CHANGE THE
RELATIVE RIGHTS, PREFERENCES AND LIMITATIONS OF ANY CLASS OR SERIES. SUCH
REQUEST MAY BE MADE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE CORPORATION OR TO THE TRANSFER AGENT
NAMED ON THIS CERTIFICATE.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE SIGNATURE TO THE ASSIGNMENT MUST CORRESPOND TO THE NAME AS WRITTEN UPON THE
FACE OF THIS CERTIFICATE IN EVERY PARTICULAR, WITHOUT ALTERATION OR ENLARGEMENT
OR ANY CHANGE WHATSOEVER.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE SIGNATURE(S) MUST BE GUARANTEED BY AN ELIGIBLE GUARANTOR INSTITUTION (BANKS,
STOCKBROKERS, SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS AND CREDIT UNIONS WITH MEMBERSHIP IN
AN APPROVED SIGNATURE GUARANTEE MEDALLION PROGRAM), PURSUANT TO S.E.C. RULE 17
Ad-15.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                      F-14

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