Document:

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                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.2
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                      ENHANCE FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP INC.

                                       AND

                       BankOne Trust Company, NA, Trustee

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                                    INDENTURE

                       Dated as of _____________, __, 19__

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                          Subordinated Debt Securities

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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

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ARTICLE 1

      DEFINITIONS..........................................................1
      SECTION 1.1 Certain Terms Defined....................................1

ARTICLE 2

      SECURITIES...........................................................8
      SECTION 2.1  Forms Generally.........................................8
      SECTION 2.2  Form of Trustee's Certificate of
                   Authentication..........................................8
      SECTION 2.3  Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series....................9
      SECTION 2.4  Authentication and Delivery of
                   Securities.............................................12
      SECTION 2.5  Execution of Securities................................14
      SECTION 2.6  Certificate of Authentication..........................14
      SECTION 2.7  Denomination and Date of Securities;
                   Payments of Interest...................................15
      SECTION 2.8  Registration, Transfer and Exchange....................17
      SECTION 2.9  Mutilated, Defaced, Destroyed, Lost and
                   Stolen Securities......................................21
      SECTION 2.10 Cancellation of Securities, Destruction
                   Thereof................................................22
      SECTION 2.11 Temporary Securities...................................23
      SECTION 2.12 Compliance with Certain Laws and
                   Regulations............................................25
      SECTION 2.13 Appointment of Agents with Respect
                   to Certain Calculations................................25
      SECTION 2.14 Securities Issuable in the Form of
                   a Global Security......................................26

ARTICLE 3

      COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY............................................28
      SECTION 3.1  Payment of Principal and Interest......................28
      SECTION 3.2  Offices for Payment, etc...............................29
      SECTION 3.3  Appointment to Fill a Vacancy in Office
                   of Trustee.............................................31
      SECTION 3.4  Paying Agents..........................................31
      SECTION 3.5  Written Statement to Trustee...........................32
      SECTION 3.6  Corporate Existence....................................32
      SECTION 3.7  Additional Amounts.....................................32
      SECTION 3.8  Defeasance of Certain Obligations and
                   Certain Events of Default..............................33

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ARTICLE 4

      SECURITYHOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE
      COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE.............................................35
      SECTION 4.1  Company to Furnish Trustee
                   Information as to Names and Addresses
                   of Securityholders.....................................35
      SECTION 4.2  Preservation and Disclosure of Security-
                   holders' Lists.........................................36
      SECTION 4.3  Reports by the Company.................................37
      SECTION 4.4  Reports by the Trustee.................................38

ARTICLE 5

      REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS
      ON EVENT OF DEFAULT.................................................40
      SECTION 5.1  Event of Default Defined; Acceleration of
                   Maturity; Waiver of Default............................40
      SECTION 5.2  Collection of Indebtedness by Trustee;
                   Trustee May Prove Debt.................................43
      SECTION 5.3  Application of Proceeds................................46
      SECTION 5.4  Suits for Enforcement..................................47
      SECTION 5.5  Restoration of Rights on Abandonment of
                   Proceedings............................................48
      SECTION 5.6  Limitations on Suits by Securityholders................48
      SECTION 5.7  Unconditional Rights of Securityholders to
                   Institute Certain Suits................................49
      SECTION 5.8  Powers and Remedies Cumulative; Delay
                   or Omission Not Waiver of Default......................49
      SECTION 5.9  Control by Securityholders.............................49
      SECTION 5.10 Waiver of Past Defaults.  .............................50
      SECTION 5.11 Trustee to Give Notice of Default,
                   But May Withhold in Certain Circumstances..............50
      SECTION 5.12 Right of Court to Require Filing of
                   Undertaking to Pay Costs...............................51

ARTICLE 6

      CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE..............................................51
      SECTION 6.1  Duties and Responsibilities of the Trustee;
                   Prior to Default; During Default.......................51
      SECTION 6.2  Certain Rights of the Trustee..........................53
      SECTION 6.3  Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals,
                   Disposition of Securities or Application
                   of Proceeds Thereof....................................54
      SECTION 6.4  Trustee and Agents May Hold Securities;
                   Collections, etc.......................................54

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      SECTION 6.5  Moneys Held by Trustee.................................55
      SECTION 6.6  Compensation and Indemnification of
                   Trustee and Its Prior Claim............................55
      SECTION 6.7  Right of Trustee to Rely on Officer's
                   Certificate, etc.......................................56
      SECTION 6.8  Qualification of Trustee; Conflicting
                   Interests..............................................56
      SECTION 6.9  Persons Eligible for Appointment as
                   Trustee................................................62
      SECTION 6.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of
                   Successor Trustee.  ...................................63
      SECTION 6.11 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor
                   Trustee................................................64
      SECTION 6.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or
                   Succession to Business of Trustee......................66
      SECTION 6.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against
                   the Company............................................66
      SECTION 6.14 Appointment of Authenticating Agent....................71

ARTICLE 7

      CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS......................................72
      SECTION 7.1 Evidence of Action Taken by Securityholders.............72
      SECTION 7.2 Proof of Execution of Instruments.......................73
      SECTION 7.3 Holders to Be Treated as Owners.........................73
      SECTION 7.4 Securities Owned by Company Deemed Not
                  Outstanding.............................................73
      SECTION 7.5 Right of Revocation of Action Taken ....................74

ARTICLE 8

      SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.............................................75
      SECTION 8.1  Supplemental Indentures Without Consent
                   of Securityholders.....................................75
      SECTION 8.2  Supplemental Indentures With Consent of
                   Securityholders........................................76
      SECTION 8.3  Effect of Supplemental Indenture.......................77
      SECTION 8.4  Documents to Be Given to Trustee.......................78
      SECTION 8.5  Notation on Securities in Respect of
                   Supplemental Indentures................................78

ARTICLE 9

      CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE OR CONVEYANCE...........................78
      SECTION 9.1  Company May Consolidate, etc., on Certain
                   Terms..................................................78
      SECTION 9.2  Successor Corporation Substituted......................79
      SECTION 9.3  Opinion of Counsel to Trustee..........................79

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ARTICLE 10

      SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE;
      UNCLAIMED MONEYS....................................................80
      SECTION 10.1  Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture...............80
      SECTION 10.2  Application by Trustee of Funds Deposited
                    for Payment of Securities.............................83
      SECTION 10.3  Repayment of Moneys Held by Paying Agent..............83
      SECTION 10.4  Return of Unclaimed Moneys Held by Trustee
                    and Paying Agent......................................83
      SECTION 10.5  Reinstatement of Company's Obligations................83

ARTICLE 11

      SUBORDINATION.......................................................84
      SECTION 11.1  Securities Subordinate to Senior
                    Indebtedness..........................................84
      SECTION 11.2  Payment Over of Proceeds upon Dissolution,
                    etc...................................................85
      SECTION 11.3  Acceleration of Securities............................87
      SECTION 11.4  Default on Senior Indebtedness........................87
      SECTION 11.5  Payment Permitted if No Default.......................88
      SECTION 11.6  Subrogation to Rights of Holders of Senior
                    Indebtedness..........................................88
      SECTION 11.7  Provisions Solely to Define Relative
                    Rights................................................89
      SECTION 11.8  Trustee to Effectuate Subordination...................90
      SECTION 11.9  No Waiver of Subordination Provisions.................90
      SECTION 11.10 Notice to Trustee.....................................90
      SECTION 11.11 Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate
                    of Liquidating Agent..................................91
      SECTION 11.12 Trustee Not Fiduciary for Holders of
                    Senior Indebtedness...................................92
      SECTION 11.13 Rights of Trustee as Holder of Senior
                    Indebtedness; Preservation of Trustee's
                    Rights................................................92
      SECTION 11.14 Article Eleven Applicable to Paying
                    Agents................................................92

ARTICLE 12

      SECTION 12.1  Incorporators, Stockholders, Officers and
                    Directors of Company Exempt from
                    Individual Liability..................................93
      SECTION 12.2  Provisions of Indenture for the Sole
                    Benefit of Parties and Securityholders................93
      SECTION 12.3  Successors and Assigns of Company Bound
                    by Indenture..........................................93

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      SECTION 12.4  Notices and Demands on Company, Trustee
                    and Securityholders...................................93
      SECTION 12.5  Officer's Certificates and Opinions of
                    Counsel; Statements to Be Contained
                    Therein...............................................95
      SECTION 12.6  Payments Due on Saturdays, Sundays and
                    Holidays..............................................96
      SECTION 12.7  Conflict of Any Provision of Indenture with
                    Trust Indenture Act of 1939...........................96
      SECTION 12.8  New York Law to Govern................................96
      SECTION 12.9  Counterparts..........................................96
      SECTION 12.10 Effect of Headings....................................96
      SECTION 12.11 Determination of Principal Amount.....................96

ARTICLE 13

      REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUNDS..........................97
      SECTION 13.1  Applicability of Article..............................97
      SECTION 13.2  Notice of Redemption; Partial Redemptions.............97
      SECTION 13.3  Payment of Securities Called for
                    Redemption............................................98
      SECTION 13.4  Exclusion of Certain Securities from
                    Eligibility for Selection for Redemption..............99
      SECTION 13.5  Mandatory and Optional Sinking Funds.................100

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            THIS INDENTURE, dated as of , __, 1998 between ENHANCE FINANCIAL
SERVICES GROUP INC., a New York corporation (the "Company"), and BankOne Trust
Company, NA, a national banking association, as Trustee (the "Trustee"),

                              W I T N E S S E T H:
                              -------------------

            WHEREAS, the Company has duly authorized the issue from time to time
of its unsecured subordinated debentures, notes or other evidences of
subordinated indebtedness to be issued in one or more Series (the "Securities")
up to such principal amount or amounts as may from time to time be authorized in
accordance with the terms of this Indenture and to provide, among other things,
for the authentication, delivery and administration thereof, the Company has
duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture; and

            WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid
indenture and agreement according to its terms have been done;

            NOW, THEREFORE:

            In consideration of the premises and the purchases of the Securities
by the holders thereof, the Company and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree
for the equal and proportionate benefit of the respective holders from time to
time of the Securities as follows:

                                    ARTICLE 1

                                   DEFINITIONS

            SECTION 1.1 CERTAIN TERMS DEFINED. The following terms (except as
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise clearly requires)
for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto
shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section. All other terms
used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 or
the definitions of which in the Securities Act of 1933 are referred to in the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939, including terms defined therein by reference to the
Securities Act of 1933 (except as herein otherwise expressly provided or unless
the context otherwise clearly requires), shall have the meanings assigned to
such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and
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in said Securities Act as in force at the date of this Indenture. All accounting
terms used herein and not expressly defined shall have the meanings assigned to
such terms in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and the
term "generally accepted accounting principles" means such accounting principles
as are generally accepted in the United States at the time of any computation.
The words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of similar import
refer to this Indenture as a whole, as supplemented and amended from time to
time, and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision. The terms
defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and
include the plural as well as the singular.

            "Authenticating Agent" means any Person authorized by the Trustee
pursuant to Section 6.14 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of one or more Series.

            "Board of Directors" means either the Board of Directors of the
Company or the Executive Committee or other committee of such Board duly
authorized to act hereunder.

            "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by
the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

            "Business Day" means, except as may otherwise be provided in the
form of Securities of any particular Series, with respect to any Place of
Payment, any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is not a legal holiday,
or a day on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law or
regulation to close in The City of New York or in that Place of Payment, or with
respect to Securities denominated in a Foreign Currency, the capital city of the
country of such Foreign Currency, or with respect to Securities denominated in
ECU, Brussels, Belgium.

            "CEDEL S.A." means Central de Liaison de Valeurs Mobilieres S.A.

            "Capital Stock" for any corporation means any and all shares,
interests, rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other
equivalents of or interests in (however designated) stock issued by that
corporation.

            "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from
time to time constituted, created under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or
if at any time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture such
Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under
the

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Trust Indenture Act of 1939, then the body performing such duties on such date.

            "Common Stock" means the shares of Common Stock, par value $.10 per
share, of the Company as it exists on the date of this Indenture or any other
shares of Capital Stock of the Company into which the Common Stock shall be
reclassified or changed.

            "Company" means Enhance Financial Services Group Inc., a New York
corporation, and, subject to Article Nine, its successors and assigns.

            "Company Notice" means the confirmation of the Company, transmitted
by telex, telecopy or in writing to the Trustee of the terms of the issuance of
any Securities issuable in Tranches.

            "Company Order" or "Company Request" means a written order or
request of the Company, signed in its name by its President and Chief Financial
Officer or Treasurer.

            "Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Trustee at which
the corporate trust business of the Trustee shall, at any particular time, be
administered, which office is, at the date as of which this Indenture is dated,
located at 153 West 51st Street, New York, New York 10019, Attention: Corporate
Trust Administration.

            "Coupon" means any interest coupon appertaining to any Security.

            "Coupon Security" means any Security authenticated and delivered
with one or more Coupons appertaining thereto.

            "Debt" means with respect to any person at any date, without
duplication, (i) all obligations of such person for borrowed money, (ii) all
obligations of such person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other
similar instruments, (iii) all obligations of the type described in clause (i)
or clause (ii) secured by a lien on any asset of such person, whether or not
such obligation is assumed by such person and (iv) all obligations of the type
described in clause (i) or clause (ii)for the payment of which such person is
responsible or liable as obligor or guarantor.

            "Depository" means, unless otherwise specified by the Company
pursuant to Section 2.3, with respect to Securities of any series issuable or
issued as a Global Security, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York,
or any successor thereto registered as a clearing agency pursuant to the

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provisions of Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended or
other applicable statute or regulation.

            "Dollar" means the coin or currency of the United States which as of
the time of payment is legal tender for the payment of public and private debts.

            "ECU" means the European Currency Unit as defined and revised from
time to time by the Council of the European Communities.

            "Euro-clear" means Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York,
Brussels office, as operator of the Euro-clear System.

            "Event of Default" means any event or condition specified as such in
Section 5.1.

            "Foreign Currency" means a currency issued by the government of any
country other than the United States.

            "Global Security," when used with respect to any series of
Securities issued hereunder, means a Security which is executed by the Company
and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee to the Depository pursuant to the
Depository's instruction, all in accordance with this Indenture and an indenture
supplemental hereto, if any, or Board Resolution and pursuant to a Company
Order, which Global Security shall be registered in the name of the Depository
or its nominee and which shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount
equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities of
such series or any portion thereof, in either case having the same terms,
including, without limitation, the same original issue date, date or dates on
which principal is due, and interest rate or method of determining interest.

            "Holder," "Holder of Securities," "Securityholder" or other similar
terms mean the bearer of an Unregistered Security or a Registered Holder of a
Registered Security and, when used with respect to any Coupon, means the bearer
thereof.

            "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed and
delivered or, if amended or supplemented as herein provided, as so amended or
supplemented or both, and shall include the forms and terms of particular Series
of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.

            "Officer's Certificate" means a certificate signed by the President
and the Chief Financial Officer or the Treasurer of the Company and delivered to
the Trustee. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in
Section 12.5.

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            "Opinion of Counsel" means an opinion in writing signed by legal
counsel who may be an employee of or counsel to the Company. Each such opinion
shall include the statements provided for in Section 12.5.

            "Original Issue Date" of any Security (or portion thereof) means the
earlier of (a) the date of such Security or (b) the date of any Security (or
portion thereof) for which such Security was issued (directly or indirectly) on
registration of transfer, exchange or substitution.

            "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which provides
for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and
payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to
Section 5.1.

            "Outstanding" (except as otherwise provided in Section 6.8), when
used with reference to Securities, shall, subject to the provisions of Section
7.4, mean, as of any particular time, all Securities authenticated and delivered
by the Trustee under this Indenture, except:

                  (a) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or
      delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

                  (b) Securities, or portions thereof, for the payment or
      redemption of which moneys in the necessary amount shall have been
      deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any Paying Agent (other than
      the Company) or shall have been set aside, segregated and held in trust by
      the Company for the holders of such Securities (if the Company shall act
      as its own Paying Agent), provided that if such Securities, or portions
      thereof, are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such
      redemption shall have been given as herein provided, or provision
      satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice;
      and

                  (c) Securities in substitution for which other Securities
      shall have been authenticated and delivered, or which shall have been
      paid, pursuant to the terms of Section 2.9 (except with respect to any
      such Security as to which proof satisfactory to the Trustee is presented
      that such Security is held by a person in whose hands such Security is a
      legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company).

            "Paying Agent" means any Person (which may include the Company)
authorized by the Company to pay the principal of or interest, if any, on any
Security on behalf of the Company.

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            "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint
venture, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

            "Place of Payment" when used with respect to the Securities of any
Series, means the place or places where the principal of and interest, if any,
on the Securities of that Series are payable as specified pursuant to Section
3.2.

            "principal" whenever used with reference to the Securities or any
Security or any portion thereof, shall be deemed to include "and premium, if
any."

            "Principal Amount at Maturity" of a Security means the Principal
Amount at Maturity as set forth on the face of the Security.

            "Redemption Price" or "redemption price" means the price at which
the Securities of any Series shall or may be redeemed in accordance with the
terms of such Securities, as provided in the Board Resolution or in any
indenture supplemental hereto establishing such Series as contemplated by
Section 2.3.

            "Registered Holder" when used with respect to a Registered Security
means the person in whose name such Security is registered in the Security
register.

            "Registered Security" means any Security registered in the Security
register.

            "Responsible Officer" when used with respect to the Trustee shall
mean any officer in the Corporate Trust Services Division of the Trustee or any
other officer of the Trustee to whom any corporate trust matter is referred
because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

            "Security" or "Securities" (except as otherwise provided in Section
6.8) has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture, or, as the
case may be, Securities that have been authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture.

            "Series" or "Series of Securities" means a series of Securities.
Except in Sections 1.1 - "Outstanding," 2.3 and 7.4 and Articles Five, Six and
Eleven, the terms "Series" or "Series of Securities" shall also mean a Tranche
in the event that the applicable Series may be issued in separate Tranches.

            "Stated Maturity," when used with respect to any Security of any
Series, means the date specified in such Security

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as the fixed date on which an amount equal to the Principal Amount at Maturity
of such Security is due and payable, as provided in the Board Resolution or in
any indenture supplemental hereto establishing such Series as contemplated by
Section 2.3.

            "Subsidiary" means any corporation, of which at least a majority of
the Voting Stock is at the time owned directly or indirectly by the Company or
by the Company and its other Subsidiaries.

            "Tranche" means all Securities of the same Series which have the
same issue date, maturity date and other terms.

            "Trustee" means the Person identified as "Trustee" in the first
paragraph hereof and, subject to the provisions of Article Six, any successor
trustee.

            "Trust Indenture Act of 1939" (except as otherwise provided in
Sections 8.1 and 8.2) means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the
date as of which this Indenture was originally executed.

            "United States" means the United States of America (including the
States and the District of Columbia), its territories, its possessions and other
areas subject to its jurisdiction.

            "United States Alien" means any Person who, for United States
Federal income tax purposes, is a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien
individual, a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust, or a
foreign partnership one or more of the members of which is, for United States
Federal income tax purposes, a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien
individual or a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust.

            "Unregistered Security" means any Security not registered as to
principal.

            "vice president" when used with respect to the Company or the
Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a
word or words added before or after the title of "vice president."

            "Voting Stock" means outstanding shares of stock having voting power
for the election of directors, whether at all times or only so long as no senior
class of stock has such voting power because of default in dividends or some
other default.

            "Yield to Maturity" means the yield to maturity on a series of
Securities, calculated at the time of issuance of such

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series, or, if applicable, at the most recent redetermination of interest on
such series, and calculated by the Company in accordance with accepted financial
practice.

                                    ARTICLE 2

                                   SECURITIES

            SECTION 2.1 FORMS GENERALLY. The Securities of each Series
(including any temporary or permanent global Securities) and the Coupons, if
any, shall be substantially in such form (not inconsistent with this Indenture)
as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution (or, to the extent
established pursuant to, rather than set forth in, such Board Resolution, in an
Officer's Certificate) or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each
case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other
variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture (the provisions of
which shall be appropriate to reflect the terms of each Series of Securities,
including the currency or denomination, which may be Dollars, Foreign Currency
or ECU) and may have imprinted or otherwise reproduced thereon such legend or
legends, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, as may be
required to comply with any law or with any rules or regulations pursuant
thereto, or with any rules of any securities exchange or to conform to general
usage, all as may be determined by the officers executing such Securities and
Coupons, if any, as evidenced by their execution of the Securities and Coupons,
if any.

            The definitive Securities and Coupons, if any, shall be printed,
lithographed or engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any
other manner, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities and
Coupons, if any, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities and Coupons,
if any.

            SECTION 2.2 FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION. The
Trustee's certificate of authentication on all Securities shall be in
substantially the following form:

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            "This is one of the Securities of the Series designated
herein and referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                      BankOne Trust Company, NA, as Trustee

                      By __________________________________________
                            Authorized Officer"

            SECTION 2.3 AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES. The aggregate
principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture is unlimited.

            The Securities may be issued in one or more Series. There shall be
established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, or to the extent established
pursuant to, rather than set forth in, such resolution, established in an
Officer's Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental
hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series:

            (1) the title of the Securities of the Series (which title shall
      distinguish the Securities of the Series from all other Securities issued
      by the Company);

            (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities
      of the Series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
      (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of
      transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the
      Series pursuant to Section 2.8, 2.9, 2.11 or 13.3);

            (3) whether Securities of the Series are to be issuable as
      Registered Securities, Unregistered Securities or both, whether the
      securities of such Series are to be uncertificated and whether any
      Securities of the Series are to be issuable initially in temporary global
      form and whether any Securities of the Series are to be issuable in
      permanent global form with or without coupons and, if so, (i) whether
      beneficial owners of interest in any such permanent global Security may
      exchange such interest for Securities of such Series and of like tenor of
      any authorized form and denomination and the circumstances under which any
      such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner provided in Section
      2.8 and (ii) the name of the depositary with respect to any global
      Security;

            (4) the Person to whom any interest in any Registered Security of
      the Series shall be payable, if other than the

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      Person in whose name the Security (or one or more predecessor Securities)
      is registered at the close of business on the record date for such
      interest, the manner in which, or the Person to whom, any interest on any
      Unregistered Security of the Series shall be payable, if otherwise than
      upon presentation and surrender of the Coupons appertaining thereto as
      they severally mature, and the extent to which, or the manner in which,
      any interest payable on a temporary global Security on an interest payment
      date will be paid if other than in the manner provided in Section 2.11;

            (5) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of
      the Series is payable;

            (6) the rate or rates (or formula for determining such rates) at
      which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date
      or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the interest payment dates
      on which such interest shall be payable and the record dates for the
      determination of Holders to whom interest is payable;

            (7) whether the interest rate or interest rate formula, as the case
      may be, for Securities of the Series may be reset at the option of the
      Company and, if so, the date or dates on which such interest rate or
      interest rate formula, as the case may be, may be reset;

            (8) the place or places where the principal and interest on
      Securities of the Series shall be payable (if other than as provided in
      Section 3.2), any Registered Securities of the Series may be surrendered
      for registration of transfer, Securities of the Series may be surrendered
      for exchange and notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of
      the Securities of the Series and this Indenture may be served;

            (9) the price or prices at which, the period or periods within which
      and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the Series may be
      redeemed or repurchased, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company
      or repaid at the option of the Holders;

            (10) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, purchase or
      repay Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
      provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the price or prices at
      which and the period or periods within which and the terms and conditions
      upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed,

                                       10
<PAGE>

      purchased or repaid, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

            (11) the denominations in which any Registered Securities of the
      Series may be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any
      integral multiple thereof, and the denomination or denominations in which
      any Unregistered Securities of the Series may be issued, if other than the
      denomination of $5,000;

            (12) the form of the Securities (or forms thereof if Unregistered
      and Registered Securities shall be issuable in such Series), including
      such legends as required by law or as the Company deems necessary or
      appropriate, the form of any Coupons or temporary global Security which
      may be issued and the forms of any certificates which may be required
      hereunder or which the Company may require in connection with the
      offering, sale, delivery or exchange of Unregistered Securities;

            (13) the currencies or currencies, including composite currencies,
      in which payments of interest or principal are payable with respect to the
      Securities of the Series if other than the currency of the United States;

            (14) if the amount of payments of principal of or interest on the
      Securities of any Series may be determined with reference to the
      differences in the price of or rate of exchange between any indexes,
      currencies or commodities, the manner in which such amounts shall be
      determined;

            (15) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the
      principal amount of Securities of the Series which shall be payable upon
      acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.1 or provable
      in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 5.2;

            (16) whether Securities of the Series are issuable in Tranches;

            (17) any additional events of default or restrictive covenants with
      respect to the Securities of such Series which are not set forth herein,
      and whether any such additional events of default or restrictive covenants
      are subject to defeasance in accordance with Section 3.8;

            (18) any other terms or conditions upon which the Securities of the
      Series are to be issued (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the
      provisions of this Indenture); and

                                       11
<PAGE>

            (19) any trustees, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents
      or registrars or any other agents with respect to the Securities of such
      Series.

            All Securities of any one Series shall be substantially identical
except as to denomination, except as provided in the immediately succeeding
paragraph, and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such Board
Resolution or Officer's Certificate or in any such indenture supplemental
hereto. All Securities of any one Series need not be issued at the same time,
and unless otherwise provided, a Series may be reopened for issuances of
additional Securities of such Series.

            Each Series may be issued in one or more Tranches. Except as
provided in the foregoing paragraph, all Securities of a Tranche shall have the
same terms, including issue date, except that Securities of the same Tranche may
be issued in different denominations of the same currency or composite currency.

            SECTION 2.4 AUTHENTICATION AND DELIVERY OF SECURITIES. At any time
and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the
Company may deliver Securities of any Series having attached thereto appropriate
Coupons, if any, executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication,
together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such
Securities, and the Trustee in accordance with the Company Order shall
authenticate and deliver such Securities; provided, however, that in connection
with its original issuance, no Unregistered Security shall be mailed or
otherwise delivered to any location in the United States; and provided, further,
that an Unregistered Security may be delivered in connection with its original
issuance only if the Person entitled to receive such Unregistered Security shall
have furnished a certificate in the form of Exhibit A-1 hereto dated no earlier
than 15 days prior to the earlier of the date on which such Unregistered
Security is delivered and the date on which any temporary Security first becomes
exchangeable for such Unregistered Security in accordance with the terms of such
temporary Security and this Indenture. If any Security shall be represented by a
permanent global Unregistered Security, then, for purposes of this Section and
Section 2.11, the notation of a beneficial owner's interest therein upon
original issuance of such Security or upon exchange of a portion of a temporary
global Security shall be deemed to be delivered in connection with its original
issuance of such beneficial owner's interest in such permanent global
Unregistered Security. In authenticating such Securities and accepting the
additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities,
the Trustee shall be entitled to receive and (subject to Section 6.1) shall be
fully protected in relying upon:

                                       12
<PAGE>

            (1) a Company Order requesting such authentication and setting forth
      delivery instructions if the Securities are not to be delivered to the
      Company;

            (2) any Board Resolution, Officer's Certificate or supplemental
      indenture referred to in Sections 2.1 and 2.3 by or pursuant to which the
      forms of the Securities of any such Series were established;

            (3) an Officer's Certificate setting forth the form and terms of the
      Securities stating that the form and terms of the Securities have been
      established pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.3 and comply with this
      Indenture, and covering such other matters as the Trustee may reasonably
      request;

            (4) an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that:

                  (a) the form or forms and terms of such Securities have been
            established pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.3 and comply with this
            Indenture;

                  (b) the authentication and delivery of such Securities by the
            Trustee are authorized under the provisions of this Indenture;

                  (c) such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the
            Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any
            conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute
            valid and binding obligations of the Company;

                  (d) all laws and requirements in respect of the execution and
            delivery by the Company have been complied with; and

                  (e) covering such other matters as the Trustee may reasonably
            request;

provided, however, that in the case of any Series issuable in Tranches, if the
Trustee has previously received the documents referred to in Section 2.4(l)-(4)
with respect to any Tranche of such Series, the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver Securities of such Series executed and delivered bv the Company for
original issuance upon receipt by the Trustee of the applicable Company Notice.

            The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and
deliver any Securities under this Section if the Trustee, being advised by
counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken by the Company or
if the issue of such

                                       13
<PAGE>

Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights,
duties or immunities under this Indenture in a manner not reasonably acceptable
to the Trustee.

            SECTION 2.5 EXECUTION OF SECURITIES. The Securities shall be signed
on behalf of the Company by the Chairman of its Board of Directors or its
president or any vice president or its treasurer or any assistant treasurer,
under its corporate seal which may, but need not, be attested. Such signatures
may be the manual or facsimile signatures of the present or any future such
officers. The seal of the Company may be in the form of a facsimile thereof and
may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities.
Typographical and other minor errors or defects in any such reproduction of the
seal or any such signature shall not affect the validity or enforceability of
any Security that has been duly authenticated and delivered by the Trustee. Any
Coupons attached to any Unregistered Security shall be executed on behalf of the
Company by the manual or facsimile signature of any such officer of the Company.

            In case any officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the
Securities or Coupons shall cease to be such officer before the Security or
Coupon so signed shall be authenticated and delivered by the Trustee or disposed
of by the Company, such Security or Coupon nevertheless may be authenticated and
delivered or disposed of as though the person who signed such Security or Coupon
had not ceased to be such officer of the Company; and any Security or Coupon may
be signed on behalf of the Company by such persons as, at the actual date of the
execution of such Security or Coupon, shall be the proper officers of the
Company, although at the date of the execution and delivery of this Indenture
any such person was not such an officer.

            SECTION 2.6 CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION. Only such Securities and
Coupons appertaining thereto as shall bear thereon a certificate of
authentication substantially in the form hereinbefore recited, executed by the
Trustee by the manual signature of one of its authorized officers, shall be
entitled to the benefits of this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any
purpose. Such certificate by the Trustee upon any Security executed by the
Company shall be conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has been
duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the Holder is entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture.

            The Trustee shall not authenticate or deliver any Unregistered
Security until any matured Coupons appertaining

                                       14
<PAGE>

thereto have been detached and canceled, except as otherwise provided or
permitted by this Indenture.

            SECTION 2.7 DENOMINATION AND DATE OF SECURITIES; PAYMENTS OF
INTEREST. The Securities shall be issuable in denominations as shall be
specified as contemplated by Section 2.3. In the absence of any such
specification with respect to the Securities of any Series, Registered
Securities of such Series shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any
multiple thereof, and Unregistered Securities of such Series shall be issuable
in denominations of $5,000, and interest shall be computed on the basis of a
360-day year of twelve 30-day months. The Securities shall be numbered, lettered
or otherwise distinguished in such manner or in accordance with such plan as the
officers of the Company executing the same may determine with the approval of
the Trustee as evidenced by the execution and authentication thereof.

            Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its
authentication, each Unregistered Security shall be dated as of the date of
original issuance of the first Security of such Series to be issued, shall bear
interest from the date and shall be payable on the dates, in each case, which
shall be specified as contemplated by Section 2.3.

            Interest on any Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or
duly provided for, on any interest payment date shall be paid, in the case of
Registered Securities, to the person in whose name that Security (or one or more
predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular
record date for the payment of such interest and, in the case of Unregistered
Securities, upon surrender of the Coupon appertaining thereto in respect of the
interest due on such interest payment date. At the option of the Company,
payment of interest on any Registered Security may be made, subject to Section
3.2, by check mailed to the Registered Holder's address as shown on the Security
register.

            The term "record date" as used with respect to any interest payment
date (except for a date for payment of defaulted interest) shall mean the date
specified as such in the terms of the Securities of any particular Series, or,
if no such date is so specified, if such interest payment date is the first day
of a calendar month, the close of business on the fifteenth day of the next
preceding calendar month or, if such interest payment date is the fifteenth day
of a calendar month, the close of business on the first day of such calendar
month, whether or not such record date is a Business Day.

                                       15
<PAGE>

            Any interest on any Security of any Series which is payable, but is
not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any interest payment date (called
"defaulted interest" for the purpose of this Section) shall forthwith cease to
be payable to the Registered Holder on the relevant regular record date by
virtue of his having been such Holder; and such defaulted interest may be paid
by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (1) or
clause (2) below:

            (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any defaulted interest
      to the persons in whose names any such Registered Securities (or their
      respective predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business
      on a special record date for the payment of such defaulted interest, which
      shall be fixed in the following manner. At least 20 days prior to the date
      of a proposed payment of defaulted interest, the Company shall notify the
      Trustee in writing of the amount of defaulted interest proposed to be paid
      on each Security of such Series and the date of the proposed payment, and
      at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of
      money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such
      defaulted interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
      for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money
      when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the persons entitled
      to such defaulted interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the
      Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such defaulted
      interest in respect of Registered Securities of such Series which shall be
      not more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed
      payment and not less than 10 days after receipt by the Trustee of the
      notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the
      Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of
      the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such defaulted
      interest and the special record date thereof to be mailed, first class
      postage prepaid, to each Registered Holder at his address as it appears in
      the Security register, not less than 10 days prior to such special record
      date. Notice of the proposed payment of such defaulted interest and the
      special record date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such
      defaulted interest in respect of Registered Securities of such Series
      shall be paid to the person in whose names such Securities (or their
      respective predecessor Securities) are registered on such special record
      date and such defaulted interest shall no longer be payable pursuant to
      the following clause (2).

                                       16
<PAGE>

            (2) The Company may make payment of any defaulted interest on the
      Securities of any Series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with
      the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities of
      that Series may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such
      exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee if the
      proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such payment shall be deemed
      practicable by the Trustee.

            Any defaulted interest payable in respect of any Security of any
Series which is not a Registered Security shall be payable pursuant to such
procedures as may be satisfactory to the Trustee in such manner that there is no
discrimination as between the Holders of Registered Securities and other
Securities of the same Series, and notice of the payment date therefor shall be
given by the Trustee, in the name and at the expense of the Company, in the
manner specified in Section 12.4.

            Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security
delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of
any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to
accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

            SECTION 2.8 REGISTRATION, TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE. The Company will
keep at each office or agency to be maintained for the purpose as provided in
Section 3.2 for each Series of Securities a register or registers in which,
subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, it will register,
and will register the transfer of, Registered Securities as in this Article
provided. Such register shall be in written form in the English language or in
any other form capable of being converted into such form within a reasonable
time. At all reasonable times such register or registers shall be open for
inspection by the Trustee.

            Upon due presentation for registration of transfer of any Registered
Security of any Series at any such office or agency to be maintained for these
purpose as provided in Section 3.2, the Company shall execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a
new Registered Security or Registered Securities of the same Series in
authorized denominations for a like aggregate principal amount.

            At the option of the Holder, Registered Securities of any Series may
be exchanged for other Registered Securities of the same Series of any
authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor,
upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at any such office or agency.

                                       17
<PAGE>

Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which
the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. Except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 2.3, Unregistered Securities may not be
issued in exchange for Registered Securities.

            At the option of the Holder, Unregistered Securities of any Series
may be exchanged or Registered Securities of the same Series of any authorized
denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor, upon surrender
of the Unregistered Securities to be exchanged at any such office or agency,
with all unmatured coupons, if any, and all matured coupons, if any, in default
thereto appertaining. If the Holder of an Unregistered Security is unable to
produce any such unmatured coupons and all matured coupon or coupons or matured
coupon or coupons in default, such exchange may be effected if the Unregistered
Securities are accompanied by payment in funds acceptable to the Company in an
amount equal to the face amount of such missing coupon or coupons, or the
surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be waived by the Company and the
Trustee if there is furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may
require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the
Holder of such Security shall surrender to any Paying Agent any such missing
coupon in respect of which such a payment shall have been made, such Holder
shall be entitled to receive the amount of such payment; provided, however,
that, except as otherwise provided in Section 3.2, interest represented by
coupons shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of those coupons
at an office or agency located outside the United States. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, in case an Unregistered Security of any Series is surrendered at any
such office or agency in exchange for a Registered Security of the same Series
and like tenor after the close of business at such office or agency on any
record date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the
relevant interest payment date, such Unregistered Security shall be surrendered
without the coupon relating to such interest payment date and interest will not
be payable on such interest payment date in respect of the Registered Security
issued in exchange for such Unregistered Security, but will be payable only to
the Holder of such coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this
Indenture.

            Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 2.3, any permanent global Security shall be exchangeable
only as provided in this paragraph. If the beneficial owners of interests in a
permanent global Security are entitled to exchange such interests for Securities
of such Series and of like tenor and principal amount

                                       18
<PAGE>

of another authorized form and denomination, as specified as contemplated by
Section 2.3, then without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the
earliest date on which such interests may be so exchanged, the Company shall
deliver to the Trustee definitive Securities of that Series in aggregate
principal amount equal to the principal amount of such permanent global
Security, executed by the Company. On or after the earliest date on which such
interests may be so exchanged, such permanent global Securities shall be
surrendered from time to time by the depositary holding such global Security and
in accordance with instructions given to the Trustee and such depositary (which
instructions shall be in writing but need not comply with Section 12.5 or be
accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel), as shall be specified in the Company
Order with respect to the Trustee, as the Company's agent for such purpose, to
be exchanged, in whole or in part, for definitive Securities of the same Series
without charge. The Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery,
in exchange for each portion of such surrendered permanent global Security, a
like aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same Series of
authorized denominations and of like tenor as the portion of such permanent
global Security to be exchanged which (unless the Securities of the Series are
not issuable both as Unregistered Securities and as Registered Securities, in
which case the definitive Securities exchanged for the permanent global Security
shall be issuable only in the form in which the Securities are issuable, as
specified as contemplated by Section 2.3) shall be in the form of Unregistered
Securities or Registered Securities, or any combination thereof, as shall be
specified by the beneficial owner thereof; provided, however, that no such
exchanges may occur during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days
before any selection of Securities of that Series to be redeemed and ending on
the relevant Redemption Date; and provided, further, that no Unregistered
Security delivered in exchange for a portion of a permanent global Security
shall be mailed or otherwise delivered to any location in the United States.
Promptly following any such exchange in part, such permanent global Security
shall be returned by the Trustee to the depositary or such other depositary
referred to above in accordance with the instructions of the Company referred to
above. If a Registered Security is issued in exchange for any portion of a
permanent global Security after the close of business at the office or agency
where such exchange occurs on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening
of business at such office or agency on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or
(ii) any Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such office
or agency on the related proposed date for payment of interest or defaulted
interest, as the case may be, will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date
or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Registered

                                       19
<PAGE>

Security, but will be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for
payment, as the case may be, only to the Person to whom interest in respect of
such portion of such permanent global Security is payable in accordance with the
provisions of this Indenture.

            Upon presentation for registration of any Unregistered Securities of
any Series which by its terms is registrable as to principal, at the office or
agency of the Company to be maintained as provided in Section 3.2, such Security
shall be registered as to principal in the name of the Holder thereof and such
registration shall be noted on such Security. Any Security so registered shall
be transferable on the registry books of the Company upon presentation of such
Security at such office or agency for similar notation thereon, but such
Security may be discharged from registration by being in a like manner
transferred to bearer, whereupon transferability by delivery shall be restored.
Unregistered Securities shall continue to be subject to successive registrations
and discharges from registration at the option of the Holders thereof.

            Unregistered Securities shall be transferable by delivery, except
while registered as to principal. Registration of any Coupon Security shall not
affect the transferability by delivery of the Coupons appertaining thereto which
shall continue to be payable to bearer and transferable by delivery.

            All Securities and Coupons issued upon any transfer or exchange of
Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same
debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities
and Coupons surrendered upon such transfer or exchange.

            Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer
or exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly
endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and the Security registrar duly executed, by the
Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

            No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection
with any transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to
Section 2.11, 8.5 or 13.3 not involving any transfer.

            The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the
transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series during a period beginning at
the opening of 15 business days

                                       20
<PAGE>

before any selection of Securities of that Series to be redeemed and ending at
the close of business on (A) if Securities of the Series are issuable only as
Registered Securities, the day of the mailing of the relevant notice of
redemption and (B) if Securities of the Series are issuable as Unregistered
Securities, the day of the first publication of the relevant notice of
redemption or, if Securities of the Series are also issuable as Registered
Securities and there is no publication, the mailing of the relevant notice of
redemption, or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Registered
Security so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed
portion of any Security being redeemed in part, or (iii) to exchange any
Unregistered Security so selected for redemption except that such an
Unregistered Security may be exchanged for a Registered Security of that Series
and like tenor, provided that such Registered Security shall be simultaneously
surrendered for redemption.

            All Securities issued upon any transfer or exchange of Securities
shall be valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and
entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities
surrendered upon such transfer or exchange.

            None of the Trustee, any agent of the Trustee, any Paying Agent or
the Company will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the
records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership
interests of a Global Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any
records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

            SECTION 2.9 MUTILATED, DEFACED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN
SECURITIES. In case any temporary or definitive Security or Coupon shall become
mutilated, defaced or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company in its
discretion may execute, and upon the written request of any officer of the
Company, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same
Series or Coupon, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in
exchange and substitution for the mutilated or defaced Security or Coupon, or in
lieu of and substitution for the Security or Coupon so destroyed, lost or
stolen. In every case the applicant for a substitute Security or Coupon shall
furnish to the Company and to the Trustee and to any agent of the Company or the
Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to indemnify and
defend and to save each of them harmless and, in every case of destruction, loss
or theft, evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of
such Security or Coupon and of the ownership thereof.

                                       21
<PAGE>

            Upon the issuance of any substitute Security or Coupon, the Company
may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.
In case any Security or Coupon which has matured or is about to mature or has
been called for redemption in full shall become mutilated or defaced or be
destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute
Security or Coupon, pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender
thereof except in the case of a mutilated or defaced Security or Coupon), if the
applicant for such payment shall furnish to the Company and to the Trustee and
any agent of the Company or the Trustee such security or indemnity as any of
them may require to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of
destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and
the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee evidence to their
satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security or Coupon and of
the ownership thereof.

            Every substitute Security of any Series or Coupon issued pursuant to
the provisions of this Section by virtue of the fact that any such Security or
Coupon is destroyed, lost or stolen shall constitute an additional contractual
obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security
or Coupon shall be at any time enforceable by anyone and shall be entitled to
all the benefits of (but shall be subject to all the limitations of rights set
forth in) this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other
Securities of such Series or Coupons duly authenticated and delivered hereunder.
All Securities or Coupons shall be held and owned upon the express condition
that, to the extent permitted by the law, the foregoing provisions are exclusive
with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, defaced, destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities or Coupons and shall preclude any and all other rights
or remedies notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to
the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable
instruments or other securities without their surrender.

            SECTION 2.10 CANCELLATION OF SECURITIES, DESTRUCTION THEREOF. All
Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer or
exchange, or for credit against any payment in respect of a sinking or analogous
fund and all Coupons surrendered for payment or exchange, shall, if surrendered
to the Company or any agent of the Company or the Trustee, be delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled
by it; and no Securities or Coupons shall be issued in lieu thereof, except as
expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. The Trustee
shall

                                       22
<PAGE>

destroy cancelled Securities and Coupons held by it and, at the Company's
request, deliver a certificate of destruction to the Company. If the Company
shall acquire any of the Securities and Coupons, such acquisition shall not
operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such
Securities and Coupons unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation.

            SECTION 2.11 TEMPORARY SECURITIES. Pending the preparation of
definitive Securities of any Series, the Company may execute, and upon Company
Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities which are
printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any
authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities
in lieu of which they are issued, in registered form or, if authorized, in
bearer form with one or more coupons or without coupons, and with such
appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the
officers executing may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such
Securities. In the case of any Series issuable as Unregistered Securities, such
temporary Securities may be in global form.

            Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form (which
shall be exchanged in accordance with the provisions of the following
paragraphs), if temporary Securities of any Series are issued, the Company will
cause definitive Securities of that Series to be prepared without unreasonable
delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such Series, the
temporary Securities of such Series shall be exchangeable for definitive
Securities of such Series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such
Series at the office or agency of the Company maintained pursuant to Section 3.2
for the purpose of exchanges of Securities of such Series, without charge to the
Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities
of any Series (accompanied by any unmatured coupons appertaining thereto) the
Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange
therefor a like aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same
Series and of like tenor of authorized denominations; provided, however, that no
definitive Unregistered Security shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary
Registered Security; and provided, further, that a definitive Unregistered
Security shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary Unregistered Security
only in compliance with the conditions set forth in Section 2.4.

            If temporary Securities of any Series are issued in global form, any
such temporary global Security shall, unless otherwise provided therein, be
delivered to the London office of a depositary or common depositary (the "Common
Depositary"), for

                                       23
<PAGE>

the benefit of Euro-clear and CEDEL S.A., for credit to the respective accounts
of the beneficial owners of such Securities (or to such other accounts as they
may direct).

            Without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the date
specified in, or determined pursuant to the terms of, any such temporary global
Security (the "Exchange Date"), the Company shall deliver to the Trustee
definitive Securities, in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of such temporary global Security, or, if so specified as contemplated by
Section 2.3, a permanent global Security, in either case, executed by the
Company. On or after the Exchange Date, such temporary global Security shall be
surrendered by the Common Depositary to the Trustee, as the Company's agent for
such purpose, to be exchanged, in whole or from time to time in part, for
definitive Securities without charge and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in exchange for each portion of such temporary global Security, an
equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same Series of
authorized denominations and of like tenor as the portion of such temporary
global Security to be exchanged. The definitive Securities to be delivered in
exchange for any such temporary global Security shall be in bearer form,
registered form, permanent global bearer form or permanent global registered
form, or any combination thereof, as specified as contemplated by Section 2.3,
and, if any combination thereof is so specified, as requested by the beneficial
owner thereof; provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified in such
temporary global Security, upon such presentation by the Common Depositary, such
temporary global Security is accompanied by a certificate dated the Exchange
Date or a subsequent date and signed by Euro-clear as to the portion of such
temporary global Security held for its account then to be exchanged and a
certificate dated the Exchange Date or a subsequent date and signed by CEDEL
S.A. as to the portion of such temporary global Security held for its account
then to be exchanged, each in the form set forth in Exhibit A-2 to this
Indenture; and provided, further, that definitive Unregistered Securities shall
be delivered in exchange for a portion of a temporary global Security only in
compliance with the requirements of Section 2.4.

            Unless otherwise specified in such temporary global Security, the
interest of a beneficial owner of Securities of a Series in a temporary global
Security shall be exchanged for definitive Securities of the same Series and of
like tenor following the Exchange Date when the account holder instructs
Euro-clear or CEDEL S.A., as the case may be, to request such exchange on his
behalf and delivers to Euro-clear or CEDEL, S.A., as the case may be, a
certificate in the form set forth in Exhibit A-1 to this Indenture, dated no
earlier than 15 days

                                       24
<PAGE>

prior to the Exchange Date. Unless otherwise specified in such temporary global
Security, any such exchange shall be made free of charge to the beneficial
owners of such temporary global Security, except that a Person receiving
definitive Securities must bear the cost of insurance, postage, transportation
and the like in the event that such Person does not take delivery of such
definitive Securities in person at the offices of Euro-clear or CEDEL S.A.
Definitive Securities in bearer form to be delivered on exchange for any portion
of a temporary global Security shall be delivered only outside the United
States.

            Until exchanged in full as hereinabove provided, the temporary
Securities of any Series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits
under this Indenture as definitive Securities of the same Series and of like
tenor authenticated and delivered hereunder, except that, unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 2.3, interest payable on a temporary global
Security on an Interest Payment Date for Securities of such Series occurring
prior to the applicable Exchange Date shall be payable to Euro-clear and CEDEL
S.A. on such Interest Payment Date upon delivery by Euro-clear and CEDEL S.A. to
the Trustee of a certificate or certificates in the form set forth in Exhibit
A-3 to this Indenture, for credit without further interest on or after such
Interest Payment Date to the respective accounts of the Persons who are the
beneficial owners of such temporary global Security on such Interest Payment
Date and who have each delivered to Euro-clear and CEDEL S.A., as the case may
be, a certificate in the form set forth in Exhibit A-4 to this Indenture. Any
interest so received by Euro-clear and CEDEL S.A. and not paid as herein
provided shall be returned to the Trustee and then to the Company in accordance
with Section 10.4.

            SECTION 2.12 COMPLIANCE WITH CERTAIN LAWS AND REGULATIONS. If any
Unregistered Securities are to be issued in any Series of Securities, the
Company will use reasonable efforts to provide for arrangements and procedures
designed pursuant to then applicable laws and regulations, if any, to ensure
that Unregistered Securities are sold or resold, exchanged, transferred and paid
only in compliance with such laws and regulations and without adverse
consequences to the Company.

            SECTION 2.13 APPOINTMENT OF AGENTS WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN
CALCULATIONS. The Company may appoint an Agent or Agents with respect to one or
more Series of Securities which Agent or Agents shall be authorized to determine
the rate or rates of interest applicable to the Securities of any Series from
time to time in effect, the amount of principal or premium, if any payable on
the Securities of any Series and the rates of exchange applicable to the
Securities of any Series denominated in a currency other than United States
dollars from time to time in

                                       25
<PAGE>

effect, all in accordance with the terms of the Securities of such Series.
Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to any such calculation by the
Trustee, it shall be deemed to refer to the calculation by such agent or agents.
Such agent, upon calculating the amounts so to be calculated pursuant to the
terms of the Securities of any Series shall communicate promptly in writing the
amounts so calculated to the Company and the Trustee. Absent manifest error, all
amounts so calculated shall be binding on the Company, the Trustee and the
Holders of the Securities of such Series.

            Any such agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Company and to the Trustee. The Company may at any time terminate
the agency of any such agent by giving written notice thereof to such agent and
to the Trustee. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a
termination, the Company may appoint a successor agent and shall give notice of
such appointment to all Holders of Securities in the manner provided in Section
12.4.

            SECTION 2.14 SECURITIES ISSUABLE IN THE FORM OF A GLOBAL SECURITY.
(a) If the Company shall establish pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.3 that the
Securities of a particular series are to be issued in whole or in part in the
form of one or more Global Securities, then the Company shall execute and the
Trustee or its agent shall, in accordance with Section 2.4 and the Company Order
delivered to the Trustee or its agent thereunder, authenticate and deliver such
Global Security or Global Securities, which (i) shall represent, and shall be
denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, the
Outstanding Securities of such series to be represented by such Global Security
or Global Securities, or such portion thereof as the Company shall specify in a
Company Order, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depository for such
Global Security or Global Securities or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by
the Trustee or its agent to the Depository or pursuant to the Depository's
instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect:
"Unless this certificate is presented by an authorized representative of the
Depository to the Company or its agent for registration of transfer, exchange,
or payment, and any certificate issued is registered in the name of the nominee
of the Depository or in such other name as is requested by an authorized
representative of the Depository (and any payment is made to the nominee of the
Depository or to such other entity as is requested by an authorized
representative of the Depository), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE, OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR
VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL inasmuch as the registered
owner hereof, the nominee of the Depository, has an interest herein."

                                       26
<PAGE>

            (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 2.14 or of
Section 2.8, and subject to the provisions of paragraph (c) below, unless the
terms of a Global Security expressly permit such Global Security to be exchanged
in whole or in part for individual certificates representing Securities, a
Global Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner
provided in Section 2.8, only to a nominee of the Depository for such Global
Security, or to the Depository, or a successor Depository for such Global
Security selected or approved by the Company, or to a nominee of such successor
Depository.

            (c) (i) If at any time the Depository for a Global Security notifies
the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depository for such
Global Security or if at any time the Depository for the Global Securities for
such series shall no longer be eligible or in good standing under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or other applicable statute or regulation, the
Company shall appoint a successor Depository with respect to such Global
Security. If a successor Depository for such Global Security is not appointed by
the Company within 90 days after the Company receives notice or becomes aware of
such ineligibility, the Company will execute, and the Trustee or its agent, upon
receipt of a Company Request for the authentication and delivery of certificates
representing Securities of such series in exchange for such Global Security,
will authenticate and deliver, certificates representing Securities of such
Series of like tenor and terms in an aggregate principal amount equal to the
principal amount of the Global Security in exchange for such Global Security.

                  (ii) The Company may at any time and in its sole discretion
determine that the Securities of any series or portion thereof issued or
issuable in the form of one or more Global Securities shall no longer be
represented by such Global Security or Global Securities. In such event the
Company will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Request for the
authentication and delivery of certificates representing Securities of such
series in exchange in whole or in part for such Global Security, will
authenticate and deliver certificates representing Securities of such series of
like tenor and terms in definitive form in an aggregate principal amount equal
to the principal amount of such Global Security or Global Securities
representing such series or portion thereof in exchange for such Global Security
or Global Securities.

                  (iii) If specified by the Company pursuant to Sections 2.1 and
2.3 with respect to Securities issued or issuable in the form of a Global
Security, the Depository for such Global Security may surrender such Global
Security in

                                       27
<PAGE>

exchange in whole or in part for certificates representing Securities of such
series of like tenor and terms in definitive form on such terms as are
acceptable to the Company and such Depository. Thereupon the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee or its agent shall authenticate and deliver, without a
service charge, (1) to each Holder specified by the Security Registrar or the
Depository a certificate or certificates representing Securities of the same
series of like tenor and terms and of any authorized denomination as requested
by such person in an aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for
such Holder's beneficial interest as specified by the Security Registrar or the
Depository in the Global Security; and (2) to such Depository a new Global
Security of like tenor and terms and in an authorized denomination equal to the
difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered Global
Security and the aggregate principal amount of certificates representing
Securities delivered to Holders thereof.

                  (iv) In any exchange provided for in any of the preceding
three paragraphs, the Company will execute and the Trustee or its agent will
authenticate and deliver certificates representing Securities in definitive
registered form in authorized denominations for Securities of the same series or
any integral multiple thereof. Upon the exchange of the entire principal amount
of a Global Security for certificates representing Securities, such Global
Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee or its agent. Except as provided in
the preceding paragraph, certificates representing Securities issued in exchange
for a Global Security pursuant to this Section shall be registered in such names
and in such authorized denominations for Securities of that Series or any
integral multiple thereof, as the Security Registrar or Depository shall
instruct the Trustee or its agent. The Trustee or the Security Registrar shall
deliver at its Corporate Trust Office such certificates representing Securities
to the Holders in whose names such Securities are so registered.

                                    ARTICLE 3

                            COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY

            SECTION 3.1 PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL AND INTEREST. The Company covenants
and agrees for the benefit of each Series of Securities that it will duly and
punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of, and interest on, each of
the Securities of such Series in accordance with the terms of the Securities of
such Series, any Coupons appertaining thereto and this Indenture.

                                       28
<PAGE>

            The interest on Unregistered Securities shall be payable only upon
presentation and surrender of the Coupons for such interest installments as are
evidenced thereby as they mature. The interest on any temporary Unregistered
Security shall be paid, as to any installment of interest evidenced by a Coupon
attached thereto, if any, only upon presentation and surrender of such Coupon,
and, as to the other installments of interest, if any, only upon presentation of
such Securities for notation thereon of the payment of such interest.

            SECTION 3.2 OFFICES FOR PAYMENT, ETC. If Securities of a Series are
issuable only as Registered Securities, the Company will maintain an office or
agency where Securities of that Series may be presented or surrendered for
payment, where Securities of that Series may be surrendered for registration of
transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in
respect of the Securities of that Series and this Indenture may be served.
Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.3, if Securities of a
Series are issuable as Registered Securities and/or Unregistered Securities, the
Company will maintain (A) in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, an
office or agency where any Registered Securities of that Series may be
surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of that Series may be
surrendered for exchange, where notices and demands to or upon the Company in
respect of the Securities of that Series and this Indenture may be served and
where Unregistered Securities of that Series and related coupons may be
presented or surrendered for payment in the circumstances described in the
following paragraph (and not otherwise), (B) subject to any laws or regulations
applicable thereto, outside the United States, an office or agency where
Securities of that Series and related coupons may be presented and surrendered
for payment (including payment of any additional amounts payable on Securities
of that Series pursuant to Section 3.7); provided, however, that if the
Securities of that Series are listed on The International Stock Exchange, the
London Stock Exchange, the Luxembourg Stock Exchange or any other stock exchange
located outside the United States and such stock exchange shall so require, the
Company will maintain a Paying Agent for the Securities of that Series in
London, Luxembourg or any other required city located outside the United States,
as the case may be, so long as the Securities of that Series are listed on such
exchange, and (C) subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto, outside
the United States, an office or agency where any Registered Securities of that
Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of that
Series may be surrendered for exchange and where notices and demands to or upon
the Company in respect of the Securities of that Series and this Indenture may
be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee and the
Holders of the

                                       29
<PAGE>

location, and any change in the location, of any such office or agency. If at
any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency
in respect of any Series of Securities or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with
the address thereof, such presentations and surrenders of Securities of that
Series may be made and notices and demands may be made or served at the
Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, except that Unregistered Securities of
that Series and the related coupons may be presented and surrendered for payment
(including payment of any additional amounts payable on Unregistered Securities
of that Series pursuant to Section 3.7) at an office maintained by the Trustee
in London, and the Company hereby appoints the same as its agent to receive such
respective presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

            Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.3, no
payment of principal or interest on Unregistered Securities shall be made at any
office or agency of the Company in the United States or by check mailed to any
address in the United States or by transfer to an account maintained with a bank
located in the United States, provided, however, that, if the Securities of a
Series are denominated and payable in Dollars, payment of principal of and any
premium, if any, and interest on any Unregistered Security (including any
additional amounts payable on Securities of such Series pursuant to Section 3.7)
shall be made at the office of the Company's Paying Agent in the Borough of
Manhattan, The City of New York, if (but only if) payment in Dollars of the full
amount of such principal, premium, interest or additional amounts, as the case
may be, at all offices or agencies outside the United States maintained for the
purpose by the Company in accordance with this Indenture is illegal or effective
precluded by exchange controls or other similar restrictions.

            The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other
offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more Series may be presented
or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind
such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission
shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office
or agency in accordance with the requirements set forth above for Securities of
any Series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the
Trustee and the Holders of any such designation or rescission and of any change
in the location of any such other office or agency.

            Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.3, the Trustee is
appointed Paying Agent and Registrar.

                                       30
<PAGE>

            SECTION 3.3 APPOINTMENT TO FILL A VACANCY IN OFFICE OF TRUSTEE. The
Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee,
will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 6.10, a Trustee, so that there
shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities
hereunder.

            SECTION 3.4 PAYING AGENTS. Whenever the Company shall appoint a
Paying Agent other than the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any
Series, it will cause such Paying Agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an
instrument in which such Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the
provisions of this Section,

            (a) that it will hold all sums received by it as such Agent for the
      payment of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such Series
      or Coupons (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by
      any other obligor on the Securities of such Series or Coupons) in trust
      for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such Series or of the
      Trustee, and upon the occurrence of an Event of Default pay over all such
      sums received by it to the Trustee,

            (b) that it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the
      Company (or by any other obligor on the Securities of such Series) to make
      any payment of the principle of or interest on the Securities of such
      Series or Coupons when the same shall be due and payable, and

            (c) that it will give the Trustee notice of any change of address of
      any Holder of which it is aware.

            The Company will, on or prior to each due date of the principal of
or interest on the Securities of such Series or Coupons, deposit with the Paying
Agent a sum sufficient to pay such principal or interest so becoming due, and
(unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the
Trustee of any failure to take such action.

            If the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent with respect to the
Securities of any Series or Coupons, it will, on or before each due date of the
principal of or interest on the Securities of such Series or Coupons, set aside,
segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of
such Series or Holders of such Coupons a sum sufficient to pay such principal or
interest so becoming due. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any
failure to take such action.

                                       31
<PAGE>

            Anything in this Section to the contrary notwithstanding, the
Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining a satisfaction and
discharge with respect to one or more or all Series of Securities or Coupons
hereunder, or for any other reason, pay or cause to be paid to the Trustee all
sums held in trust for any such Series by the Company or any Paying Agent
hereunder, as required by this Section, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon
the trusts herein contained.

            Anything in this Section to the contrary notwithstanding, the
agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the
provisions of Sections 10.3 and 10.4.

            SECTION 3.5 WRITTEN STATEMENT TO TRUSTEE. The Company will deliver
to the Trustee on or before May 1 in each year in which there are Securities
Outstanding hereunder an Officer's Certificate, stating that in the course of
the performance of their duties as officers of the Company they would normally
have knowledge of any default by the Company in the performance or fulfillment
of any covenant, agreement or condition contained in this Indenture, stating
whether or not they have knowledge of any such default and, if so, specifying
each such default of which the signers have knowledge and the nature thereof.

            SECTION 3.6 CORPORATE EXISTENCE. So long as any Securities shall be
Outstanding, subject to Article Nine, the Company will do or cause to be done
all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate
existence, rights (charter and statutory) and franchises; provided, however,
that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right or franchise
if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no
longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and that the loss
thereof is not disadvantageous in any material respect to the Holders.

            SECTION 3.7 ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS. If the Securities of a Series
provide for the payment of additional amounts, the Company will pay to the
Holder of any Security of such Series or any Coupon appertaining thereto
additional amounts as provided therein. Whenever in this Indenture there is
mentioned, in any context, the payment of the principal or premium, if any, of
or interest on, or in respect of, any security of a Series or payment of any
related Coupon or the net proceeds received on the sale or exchange of any
Security of any Series, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the
payment of additional amounts provided for in this Section to the extent that,
in such context, additional amounts are, were or would be payable in respect
thereof pursuant to the provisions of this Section and

                                       32
<PAGE>

express mention of the payment of additional amounts (if applicable) in any
provisions hereof shall not be construed as excluding additional amounts in
those provisions hereof where such express mention is not made.

            If the Securities of a Series provide for the payment of additional
amounts, at least 10 days prior to the first interest payment date with respect
to that Series of Securities (or if the Securities of that Series will not bear
interest prior to maturity, the first day on which a payment of principal is
made), and at least 10 days prior to each date of payment of principal, premium,
if any, or interest if there has been any change with respect to the matters set
forth in the below-mentioned Officer's Certificate, the Company will furnish the
Trustee and the Company's principal Paying Agent or Paying Agents, if other than
the Trustee , with an Officer's Certificate instructing the Trustee and such
Paying Agent or Paying Agents whether such payment of principal of or interest
on the Securities of that Series shall be made to Holders of Securities of that
Series or any related Coupons who are United States Aliens without withholding
for or on account of any tax, assessment or other governmental charge described
in the Securities of that Series. If any such withholding shall be required,
then such Officer's Certificate shall specify by country the amount, if any,
required to be withheld on such payments to such Holders of Securities or
Coupons and the Company will pay to the Trustee or such Paying Agent the
additional amounts required by this Section. The Company covenants to indemnify
the Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them harmless against, any
loss, liability or expense reasonably incurred without negligence or bad faith
on their part arising out of or in connection with actions taken or omitted by
any of them in reliance on any Officer's Certificate furnished pursuant to this
Section.

            SECTION 3.8 DEFEASANCE OF CERTAIN OBLIGATIONS AND CERTAIN EVENTS OF
DEFAULT. Unless otherwise provided in the Board Resolutions, Officer's
Certificate or an indenture supplemental hereto establishing a series of
Securities subject to additional restrictive covenants or events of default as
contemplated by Section 2.3, the Company may omit to comply with any term,
provision or condition set forth in any such additional restrictive covenant,
and Section 5.1(d) (with respect to any such additional restrictive covenant),
Section 5.1(e) and any such additional event of default shall be deemed not to
be an Event of Default, in each case with respect to the Securities of any
Series, if the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with
the Trustee, under the terms of an irrevocable trust agreement in form and
substance satisfactory to the Trustee, as trust funds in trust (subject to
Sections 10.2, 10.3,

                                       33
<PAGE>

10.4 and 10.5 hereof) solely for the benefit of the Securityholders of such
Series for that purpose, (i) cash or (ii) direct noncallable obligations of, or
noncallable obligations guaranteed by, the United States of America or an agency
thereof for the payment of which guarantee or obligation the full faith and
credit of the United States of America is pledged ("U.S. Government
Obligations"), or a combination thereof, maturing as to principal and interest
in such amounts and at such times as are sufficient, without consideration of
any reinvestment of such principal or interest, to pay the principal of and
interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series and Coupons to maturity or
redemption, as the case may be, provided that the Trustee shall have been
irrevocably instructed to apply such money or the proceeds of such U.S.
Government Obligations to the payment of said principal of and interest on the
Outstanding Securities and Coupons of such Series; provided that:

            (a) such deposit shall not cause the Trustee with respect to the
      Securities of that Series to have a conflicting interest as defined in
      Section 6.8 and for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to
      the Securities of any Series;

            (b) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or
      constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or
      instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound; and

            (c) no Event of Default under Section 5.1(a), 5.1(b) or 5.1(c), or
      event which with the lapse of time would become an Event of Default with
      respect to the Securities of that Series shall have occurred and be
      continuing on the date of such deposit, and no Event of Default under
      Section 5.1(f) or Section 5.1(g) or event which with the giving of notice
      or lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of Default under Section
      5.1(f) or Section 5.1(g) shall have occurred and be continuing on the 91st
      day after such date of deposit.

            Such irrevocable trust agreement shall include, among other things,
provision for (1) payment of the principal of and interest on the Securities of
such Series and Coupons when due (by redemption, sinking fund payments or
otherwise), (2) the payment of the expenses of the Trustee incurred or to be
incurred in connection with carrying out such trust provisions, (3) rights of
registration, transfer, substitution and exchange of Securities of such Series
and Coupons in accordance with the terms stated in this Indenture and (4)
continuation of the rights and obligations and immunities of the Trustee as
against the Securityholders of such Series as stated in this Indenture.

                                       34
<PAGE>

            After any such irrevocable deposit, accompanied by an Officer's
Certificate which shall state that the provisions of the first two paragraphs of
this Section 3.8 have been complied with, and upon delivery by the Company to
the Trustee of an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that Securityholders of such
Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes
as a result of such deposit and discharge and will be subject to Federal income
tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same time as would have
been the case if such deposit and discharge had not occurred, then the Company
shall be discharged of its obligations under the Securities of such Series and
this Indenture with respect to such Series except for those surviving
obligations specified above, and the Trustee upon request shall acknowledge in
writing such discharge. In addition, if the Securities of that Series are then
listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., the Company shall have delivered to
the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that such deposit, defeasance
and discharge will not cause such Securities to be delisted. Prior to the
delivery of such acknowledgment, the Trustee may require the Company to deliver
to it an Officer's Certificate and Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
conditions precedent provided for herein relating to the deposit and discharge
contemplated by this provision have been complied with, and the Trustee may also
require that the Opinion of Counsel shall also state that such deposit does not
violate applicable law.

                                    ARTICLE 4

                    SECURITYHOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE
                             COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE

            SECTION 4.1 COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE INFORMATION AS TO NAMES AND
ADDRESSES OF SECURITYHOLDERS. The Company covenants and agrees that it will
furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee a list in such form as the
Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of the Holders of the
Registered Securities of each Series:

            (a) semiannually and not more than 10 days after each record date
      for the payment of interest on such Securities, as hereinabove specified,
      as of such record date and on dates to be determined pursuant to Section
      2.3 for non-interest bearing securities in each year, and

            (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing,
      within 30 days after receipt by the Company of any such request as of a
      date not more than 15 days prior to the time such information is
      furnished;

                                       35
<PAGE>

provided that if and so long as the Trustee shall be the Security registrar for
such Series, such list shall not be required to be furnished but in any event
the Company shall be required to furnish such information concerning the Holders
of Unregistered Securities which is known to it; provided, further, that the
Company shall have no obligation to investigate any matter relating to any
Holder of an Unregistered Security or any Holder of a Coupon.

            SECTION 4.2 PRESERVATION AND DISCLOSURE OF SECURITYHOLDERS' LISTS.
(a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the Holders of
each Series of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as
provided in Section 4.1 or maintained by the Trustee in its capacity as Security
registrar for such Series, if so acting. The Trustee may destroy any list
furnished to it as provided in Section 4.1 upon receipt of a new list so
furnished.

            (b) In case three or more Holders of Securities (hereinafter
referred to as "applicants") apply in writing to the Trustee and furnish to the
Trustee reasonable proof that each such applicant has owned Security for a
period of at least six months preceding the date of such application, and such
application states that the applicants desire to communicate with other Holders
of Securities of a particular Series (in which case the applicants must all hold
Securities of such Series) or with Holders of all Securities with respect to
their rights under this Indenture or under such Securities and such application
is accompanied by a copy of the form of proxy or other communication which such
applicants propose to transmit, then the Trustee shall, within five business
days after the receipt of such application, at its election, either

            (i) afford to such applicants access to the information preserved at
      the time by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions of subsection
      (a) of this Section, or

            (ii) inform such applicants as to the approximate number of Holders
      of Securities of such Series or all Securities, as the case may be, whose
      names and addresses appear in the information preserved at the time by the
      Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this
      Section, as to the approximate cost of mailing to such Securityholders the
      form of proxy or other communication, if any, specified in such
      application.

            If the Trustee shall elect not to afford to such applicants access
to such information, the Trustee shall, upon

                                       36
<PAGE>

the written request of such applicants, mail to each Securityholder of such
Series or all Securities, as the case may be, whose name and address appear in
the information preserved at the time by the Trustee in accordance with the
provisions of subsection (a) of this Section, a copy of the form of proxy or
other communication which is specified in such request, with reasonable
promptness after a tender to the Trustee of the material to be mailed and of
payment, or provision for the payment, of the reasonable expenses of mailing,
unless within five days after such tender, the Trustee shall mail to such
applicants and file with the Commission together with a copy of the material to
be mailed, a written statement to the effect that, in the opinion of the
Trustee, such mailing would be contrary to the best interests of the Holders of
Securities of such Series or all Securities, as the case may be, or could be in
violation of applicable law. Such written statement shall specify the basis of
such opinion. If the Commission, after opportunity for a hearing upon the
objections specified in the written statement so filed, shall enter an order
refusing to sustain any of such objections or if, after the entry of such order
sustaining one or more of such objections, the Commission shall find, after
notice and opportunity for hearing, that all the objections so sustained have
been met, and shall enter an order so declaring, the Trustee shall mail copies
of such material to all such Securityholders with reasonable promptness after
the entry of such order and the renewal of such tender; otherwise the Trustee
shall be relieved of any obligation or duty to such applicants respecting their
application.

            (c) Each and every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding
the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor
the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be held
accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names
and addresses of the Holders of Securities in accordance with provisions of
subsection (b) of this Section, regardless of the source from which such
information was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by
reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under such subsection
(b).

            SECTION 4.3 REPORTS BY THE COMPANY. The Company covenants:

            (a) to file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is
      required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual
      reports and of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies of
      such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commissioner may from time to
      time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required
      to file with the Commission pursuant to

                                       37
<PAGE>

      Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and if
      the Company is not required to file information, documents, or reports
      pursuant to either of such Sections, then to file with the Trustee and the
      Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time
      to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic
      information, documents, and reports which may be required pursuant to
      Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or in respect of a
      security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be
      prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations;

            (b) to file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with
      rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such
      additional information, documents, and reports with respect to compliance
      by the Company with the conditions and covenants provided for in this
      Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and
      regulations; and

            (c) to transmit by mail to the Holders of Securities in the manner
      and to the extent required by Sections 4.4(c) and 11.4, within 30 days
      after the filing thereof with the Trustee, such summaries of any
      information, documents, and reports required to be filed by the Company
      pursuant to subsection (a) and (b) of this Section as may be required to
      be transmitted to such Holders by rules and regulations prescribed from
      time to time by the Commission.

            SECTION 4.4 REPORTS BY THE TRUSTEE. (a) On or before ______ in each
year following the date hereof, so long as any Securities are outstanding
hereunder, the Trustee shall transmit by mail as provided below to the
Securityholders of each Series, as hereinafter in this Section provided, a brief
report dated May 15 with respect to:

                  (i) its eligibility under Section 6.9 and its qualification
      under Section 6.8, or in lieu thereof, if to the best of its knowledge it
      has continued to be eligible and qualified under such Sections, a written
      statement to such effect;

                  (ii) the character and amount of any advances (and if the
      Trustee elects so to state, the circumstances surrounding the making
      thereof) made by the Trustee, as such, which remain unpaid on the date of
      such report and for the reimbursement of which it claims or may claim a
      lien or charge, prior to that of the Securities of any Series, on any
      property or funds held or collected by it as Trustee,

                                       38
<PAGE>

      except that the Trustee shall not be required (but may elect) to report
      such advances if such advances so remaining unpaid aggregate not more than
      1/2 of l% of the principal amount of the Securities of any Series
      Outstanding on the date of such report;

                  (iii) the amount, interest rate, and maturity date of all
      other indebtedness owing by the Company (or by any other obligor on the
      Securities) to the Trustee in its individual capacity on the date of such
      report, with a brief description of any property held as collateral
      security therefor, except any indebtedness based upon a creditor
      relationship arising in any manner described in Section 6.13(b)(2),(3),(4)
      or (6);

                  (iv) the property and funds, if any, physically in the
      possession of the Trustee (as such) on the date of such report;

                  (v) any additional issue of Securities which the Trustee has
      not previously reported; and

                  (vi) any action taken by the Trustee in the performance of its
      duties under this Indenture which it has not previously reported and which
      in its opinion materially affects the Securities, except action in respect
      of a default, notice of which has been or is to be withheld by it in
      accordance with the provisions of Section 5.11.

            (b) The Trustee shall transmit to the Securityholders of each
Series, as provided in subsection (c) of this Section, a brief report with
respect to the character and amount of any advances (and if the Trustee elects
so to state, the circumstances surrounding the making thereof) made by the
Trustee, as such, since the date of the last report transmitted pursuant to the
provisions of subsection (a) of this Section (or if such report has yet been so
transmitted, since the date of this Indenture) for the reimbursement of which it
claims or may claim a lien or charge prior to that of the Securities of such
Series on property or funds held or collected by it as Trustee and which it has
not previously reported pursuant to this subsection (b), except that the Trustee
shall not be required (but may elect) to report such advances if such advances
remaining unpaid at any time aggregate 10% or less of the principal amount of
Securities of such Series Outstanding at such time, such report to be
transmitted within 90 days after such time.

            (c) Reports pursuant to this Section shall be transmitted by mail to
all registered Holders of Securities, as

                                       39
<PAGE>

the names and addresses of such Holders appear upon the registry book of the
Company and to such Holders of Unregistered Securities as have, within the two
years preceding such notice, filed their names and addresses with the Trustee
for that purpose, and, except in the case of reports pursuant to subsection (b)
of this Section 4.4, to all Holders whose names and addresses appear in the
information preserved at the time of such notice by the Trustee in accordance
with the provisions of Section 4.2(a).

            (d) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such
transmission to Securityholders, be furnished to the Company and be filed by the
Trustee with each stock exchange upon which the Securities of any applicable
Series are listed and also with the Commission. The Company agrees to notify the
Trustee with respect to any Series when and as the Securities of such Series
become admitted to trading on any national securities exchange.

                                    ARTICLE 5

                   REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS
                               ON EVENT OF DEFAULT

            SECTION 5.1 EVENT OF DEFAULT DEFINED; ACCELERATION OF MATURITY;
WAIVER OF DEFAULT. "Event of Default" as used herein with respect to Securities
of any Series whatever means each one of the following events which shall have
occurred and be continuing (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and
whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law
or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or
regulation of any administrative or governmental body):

            (a) default in the payment of any installment of interest upon any
      of the Securities of such Series as and when the same shall become due and
      payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

            (b) default in the payment of all or any part of the principal on
      any of the Securities of such Series as and when the same shall become due
      and payable either at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or
      otherwise; or

            (c) default in the payment of any sinking fund installment as and
      when the same shall become due and payable by the terms of the Securities
      of such Series; or

            (d) default in the performance, or breach, of any agreement of the
      Company in respect of the Securities of

                                       40
<PAGE>

      such Series (other than an agreement in respect of the Securities of such
      Series a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this
      Section specifically dealt with), and continuance of such default or
      breach for a period of 60 days after receipt by the Company from the
      Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the
      Outstanding Securities of such Series affected thereby, of a written
      notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied
      and stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

            (e) a default under any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of
      indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company (including a default with
      respect to Securities of any Series other than that Series) or under any
      mortgage, indenture or instrument under which there may be issued or by
      which there may be secured or evidenced any indebtedness for money
      borrowed by the Company (including this Indenture), whether such
      indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created, which default shall
      constitute a failure to pay such indebtedness in a principal amount in
      excess of $20,000,000 when due and payable after the expiration of any
      applicable grace period with respect thereto or shall have resulted in
      such indebtedness in a principal amount in excess of $20,000,000 becoming
      or being declared due and payable prior to the date on which it would
      otherwise have become due and payable, without such indebtedness having
      been discharged, or such acceleration having been rescinded or annulled,
      within a period of 15 days after there shall have been given, by
      registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the
      Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at east 25% in principal amount
      of the Outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying
      such default and requiring the Company to cause such indebtedness to be
      discharged or cause such acceleration to be rescinded or annulled and
      stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

            (f) the Company pursuant to or under or within the meaning of any
      Bankruptcy Law: (i) commences a voluntary case or proceeding; (ii)
      consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary
      case or proceeding or the commencement of any case against it; (iii)
      consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or any substantial part
      of its property; (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its
      creditors; (v) files a petition in bankruptcy or answer or consent seeking
      reorganization or relief; or (vi) consents to the filing of such petition
      or the appointment of or taking possession by a Custodian; or

                                       41
<PAGE>

            (g) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree
      under any Bankruptcy Law that: (i) is for relief against the Company in an
      involuntary case or proceeding, or adjudicates the Company insolvent or
      bankrupt; (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company or for any substantial
      part of its property; or (iii) orders the winding up or liquidation of the
      Company; and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60
      days; or

            (h) there has occurred any other Event of Default provided in the
      indenture supplemental hereto or Board Resolution under which such Series
      of Securities is issued or in the form of Security for such Series.

            "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11, United States Code, or any similar
Federal or state law for the relief of debtors. "Custodian" means any receiver,
trustee, assignee, liquidator, custodian or similar official under any
Bankruptcy Law.

            If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default under clauses
(f) and (g)) with respect to Securities of any Series at the time Outstanding
occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of
not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
Series may declare the principal amount (or, if the Securities of that Series
are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as
may be specified in the terms of that Series) of all of the Securities of that
Series and the interest, if any, accrued thereon to be due and payable
immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee given by
Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified
amount) and interest shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of
Default described in clause (f) or (g) occurs and is continuing, the entire
principal amount (or, if the Securities of that Series are Original Issue
Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in
the terms of that Series) of all the Securities then Outstanding and interest
accrued thereon shall become and be immediately due and payable without any
declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Securityholders.

            The foregoing provisions, however, are subject to the condition that
if, at any time after the principal (or, if the Securities are Original Issue
Discount Securities, such portion of the principal as may be specified in the
terms thereof) of the Securities of any Series shall have been so declared due
and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due
shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided, the Company shall
pay or shall deposit with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured
installments of interest upon

                                       42
<PAGE>

all the Securities of such Series and the principal of any and all Securities of
such Series which shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with
interest upon such principal and, to the extent that payment of such interest is
enforceable under applicable law, on overdue installments of interest, at the
same rate as the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original
Issue Discount Securities) specified in the Securities of such Series, to the
date of such payment or deposit) and such amount as shall be sufficient to cover
reasonable compensation to the Trustee, its agents, attorneys and counsel, and
all other expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the
Trustee except as a result of negligence or bad faith, and if any and all Events
of Default under the Indenture, other than the nonpayment of the principal of
Securities which shall have become due by acceleration, shall have been cured,
waived or otherwise remedied as provided herein - then and in every such case
the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of all the Securities of
such Series then Outstanding, by written notice to the Company and to the
Trustee, may waive all defaults with respect to such Series and rescind and
annul such declaration and its consequences, but no such waiver or rescission
and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent default or shall
impair any right consequent thereon.

            For all purposes under this Indenture, if a portion of the principal
of any Original Issue Discount Securities shall have been accelerated and
declared due and payable pursuant to the revisions hereof, then, from and after
such declaration, unless such declaration has been rescinded and annulled, the
principal amount of such Original Issue Discount Securities shall be deemed, for
all purposes hereunder, to be such portion of the principal thereof as shall be
due and payable as a result of such acceleration, and payment of such portion of
the principal thereof as shall be due and payable as a result of such
acceleration, together with interest, if any, thereon and all other amounts
owing thereunder, shall constitute payment in full of such Original Issue
Discount Securities.

            SECTION 5.2 COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS BY TRUSTEE; TRUSTEE MAY PROVE
DEBT. The Company covenants that (a) in case default shall be made in the
payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of any Series
when such interest shall have become due and payable, and such default shall
have continued for a period of 30 days or (b) in case default shall be made in
the payment of all or any principal of any of the Securities of any Series when
the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of the
Securities of such Series or upon any redemption or by declaration or otherwise
- then upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay

                                       43
<PAGE>

to the Trustee for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such Series
and the Holders of any Coupons appertaining thereto the whole amount that then
shall have become due and payable on all Securities of such Series or such
Coupons for principal of or interest, as the case may be (with interest to the
date of such payment upon the overdue principal and, to the extent that payment
of such interest is enforceable under applicable law, on overdue installments of
interest at the same rate as the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the
case of Original Issue Discount Securities) specified in the Securities of such
Series); and in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to
cover the costs and expenses of collection, including reasonable compensation to
the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee, their respective agents, attorneys and
counsel, and any expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by
the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee except as a result of its negligence or
bad faith.

            Until such demand is made by the Trustee, the Company may pay the
principal of and interest on the Securities of any Series to the persons
entitled thereto, whether or not the principal of and interest on the Securities
of such Series are overdue.

            In case the Company shall fail forthwith to pay such amounts upon
such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust,
shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or
in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute
any such action or proceedings to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any
such judgment or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon such
Securities and collect in the manner provided by law out of the property of the
Company or other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated, the moneys
adjudged or decreed to be payable.

            In case there shall be pending proceedings relative to the Company
or any other obligor upon the Securities under any Bankruptcy Law, or in case a
Custodian shall have been appointed for or taken possession of the Company or
its property or such other obligor, or in case of any other comparable judicial
proceedings relative to the Company or other obligor under the Securities of any
Series, or to the creditors or property of the Company or such other obligor,
the Trustee, irrespective of whether the principal of any Securities shall then
be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and
irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand pursuant to the
provisions of this Section, shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in
such proceedings or otherwise:

                                       44
<PAGE>

            (a) to file and prove a claim or claims for the whole amount of
      principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities of
      any Series, and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary
      or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any
      claim for reasonable compensation to the Trustee and each predecessor
      Trustee, and their respective agents, attorneys and counsel, and for
      reimbursement of all expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances
      made, by the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee, except as a result of
      negligence or bad faith) and of the Securityholders and the Holders of any
      Coupons appertaining thereto allowed in any judicial proceedings relative
      to the Company or other obligor upon all Securities of any Series, or to
      the creditors or property of the Company or such other obligor,

            (b) unless prohibited by applicable law and regulations, to vote on
      behalf of the holders of the Securities of any Series in any election of a
      trustee or a standby trustee in arrangement, reorganization, liquidation
      or other bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings or person performing similar
      functions in comparable proceedings, and

            (c) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or
      deliverable on any such claims, and to distribute all amounts received
      with respect to the claims of the Securityholders and of the Trustee on
      their behalf; and any Custodian or other similar official is hereby
      authorized by each of the Holders to make payments to the Trustee, and, in
      the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of payments
      directly to the Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee such amounts as
      shall be sufficient to cover reasonable compensation to the Trustee, each
      predecessor Trustee and their respective agents, attorneys and counsel,
      and all other expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by
      the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee except as a result of negligence
      or bad faith and all other amounts due to the Trustee or any predecessor
      Trustee pursuant to Section 6.6.

            Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or vote for or accept or adopt on behalf of any
Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or
composition affecting the Securities of any Series or the rights of any Holder
thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any
Securityholder in any such proceeding except, as aforesaid, to vote for the
election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar person.

                                       45
<PAGE>

            All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture,
or under any of the Securities, may be enforced by the Trustee without the
possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof at any trial or
other proceedings relative thereto, and any such action or proceedings
instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an
express trust, and any recovery of judgment, subject to the payment of the
expenses, disbursements and compensation of the Trustee, each predecessor
Trustee and their respective agents and attorneys, shall be for the ratable
benefit of the Holders of the securities and Holders of any Coupons in respect
of which such action was taken.

            In any proceedings brought by the Trustee (and also any proceedings
involving the interpretation of any provision of this Indenture to which the
Trustee shall be a party), the Trustee shall be held to represent all the
Holders of the Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto in respect to which
such action was taken, and it shall not be necessary to make any Holders of such
Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto parties to any such proceedings.

            SECTION 5.3 APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS. Any moneys collected by the
Trustee pursuant to this Article in respect of the Securities of any Series
shall be applied in the following order at the date or dates fixed by the
Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal
or interest, upon presentation of the several Securities and any Coupons
appertaining thereto in respect of which moneys have been collected and stamping
(or otherwise noting) thereon the payment, or issuing Securities of such Series
in reduced principal amounts in exchange for the presented Securities of like
Series if only partially paid, or upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

            FIRST: To the payment of costs and expenses applicable to such
      Series in respect of which moneys have been collected, including
      reasonable compensation to the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee and
      their respective agents and attorneys and of all expenses and liabilities
      incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and each predecessor
      Trustee except as a result of negligence or bad faith, and all other
      amounts due to the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee pursuant to Section
      6.6;

            SECOND: To the holders of Senior Indebtedness to the extent required
      by Article Eleven;

            THIRD: In case the principal of the Securities of such Series in
      respect of which moneys have been collected shall not have become and be
      then due and payable, to the payment

                                       46
<PAGE>

      of interest on the Securities of such Series in default in the order of
      the maturity of the installments of such interest, with interest (to the
      extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee) upon the
      overdue installments of interest at the same rate as the rate of interest
      or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities)
      specified in such Securities, such payments to be made ratably to the
      persons entitled thereto, without discrimination or preference;

            FOURTH: In case the principal of the Securities of such Series in
      respect of which moneys have been collected shall have become and shall be
      then due and payable, to the payment of the whole amount then owing and
      unpaid upon all the Securities such Series for principal and interest,
      with interest upon the overdue principal, and (to the extent that payment
      of such interest is permissible by law and that such interest has been
      collected by the Trustee) upon overdue installments of interest at the
      same rate as the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of
      Original Issue Discount Securities) specified in the Securities of such
      Series; and in case such moneys shall be insufficient to pay in full the
      whole amount so due and unpaid upon the Securities of such Series, then to
      the payment of such principal and interest or Yield to Maturity, without
      preference or priority of principal over interest or Yield to Maturity or
      of interest or Yield to Maturity over principal, or of any installment of
      interest over any other installment of interest, or of any Security of
      such Series over any other Security of such Series, ratably to the
      aggregate of such principal and accrued and unpaid interest; and

            FIFTH: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Company or
      any other person lawfully entitled thereto.

            SECTION 5.4 SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT. In case an Event of Default has
occurred, has not been waived and is continuing, the Trustee may in its
discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this
Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem
most effective to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in
equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of
any covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise
of any power granted in this Indenture or to enforce any other legal or
equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.

                                       47
<PAGE>

            SECTION 5.5 RESTORATION OF RIGHTS ON ABANDONMENT OF PROCEEDINGS. In
case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right under this Indenture
and such proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned for any reason,
or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such
case the Company and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former
positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the
Company, the Trustee and the Securityholders shall continue as though no such
proceedings had been taken.

            SECTION 5.6 LIMITATIONS ON SUITS BY SECURITYHOLDERS. No Holder of
any Security of any Series or Holder of any Coupon shall have any right by
virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any action
or proceeding at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise upon or under or
with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a Custodian or other
similar official or for any other remedy hereunder, unless such Holder
previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of default and of the
continuance thereof, as hereinbefore provided, and unless also the Holders of
not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such Series
then Outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee to institute
such action or proceedings in its own name as trustee hereunder and shall have
offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity, as it may require against the
costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby and the
Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of
indemnity shall have failed to institute any such action or proceeding and no
direction inconsistent with such written request shall have been given to the
Trustee pursuant to Section 5.9; it being understood and intended, and being
expressly covenanted by the taker and Holder of every Security and by a Holder
of each Coupon appertaining thereto and the Trustee, that no one or more Holders
of Securities of any Series or one or more Securities of any Series or one or
more Holders of any Coupons appertaining thereto shall have any right in any
manner whatever, by virtue or by availing of any provisions of this Indenture to
affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other such Holder of Securities
or any other Holders of such Coupons, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority
over or preference to any other such Holder or to enforce any right under this
Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and
common benefit of all Holders of Securities of the applicable Series and all the
Holders of Coupons appertaining thereto. For the protection and enforcement of
the provisions of this Section, each any every Securityholder and the Trustee
shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.

                                       48
<PAGE>

            SECTION 5.7 UNCONDITIONAL RIGHTS OF SECURITYHOLDERS TO INSTITUTE
CERTAIN SUITS. Notwithstanding any provision in this Indenture and any provision
of any Security or Coupon, the right of any Holder of any Security and the right
of any Holder of any Coupon appertaining thereto to receive payment of the
principal of and interest on such Security on or after the respective due dates
expressed in such Security, or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such
payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected
without the consent of such Holder.

            SECTION 5.8 POWERS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE; DELAY OR OMISSION NOT
WAIVER OF DEFAULT. Except as provided in Section 5.6, no right or remedy herein
conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Securityholders is intended
to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall,
to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other
right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in
equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy
hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or
employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

            No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Securityholder to
exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default occurring and
continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power or shall be
construed to be a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence
therein; and, subject to Section 5.6, every power and remedy given by this
Indenture or by law to the Trustee, to the Securityholders or to the Holder of
any Coupon appertaining thereto may be exercised from time to time, and as often
as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee, the Securityholders or Holders of
any Coupon.

            SECTION 5.9 CONTROL BY SECURITYHOLDERS. The Holders of a majority in
aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each Series affected (with each
Series treated as a separate class) at the time Outstanding shall have the right
to direct the time, method, and place of conducting any proceeding for any
remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on
the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such Series by this Indenture;
provided that such direction shall not be otherwise than in accordance with law
and the provisions of this Indenture and provided further that (subject to the
provisions of Section 6.1) the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow
any such direction if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, shall determine
that the action or proceeding so directed may not lawfully be taken or if the
Trustee in good faith by its board of directors, the executive committee, or a
trust committee of directors or Responsible Officers of the

                                       49
<PAGE>

Trustee shall determine that the action or proceedings so directed would involve
the Trustee in personal liability or if the Trustee in good faith shall so
determine that the actions or forebearances specified in or pursuant to such
direction would be unduly prejudicial to the interests of Holders of the
Securities of all Series or of the Holders of any Coupons appertaining thereto
so affected not joining in the giving of said direction, it being understood
that (subject to Section 6.1) the Trustee shall have no duty to ascertain
whether or not such actions or forbearances are unduly prejudicial to such
Holders.

            Nothing in this Indenture shall impair the right of the Trustee in
its discretion to take any action deemed proper by the Trustee and which is not
inconsistent with such direction or directions by Securityholders.

            SECTION 5.10 WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS. Prior to the declaration of
the acceleration of the maturity of the Securities of any Series as provided in
Section 5.1, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of such Series then Outstanding may waive any such default or Event
of Default and its consequences except a default in respect of a covenant or
provision hereof which cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the
Holder of each Security affected. In the case of any such waiver, the Company,
the Trustee, the Holders of the Securities of such Series and the Holder of any
Coupon appertaining thereto shall be restored to their former positions and
rights hereunder, respectively.

            Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist and be
deemed to have been cured and not to have occurred, and any Event of Default
arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured and not to have occurred
for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any
subsequent or other default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent
thereon.

            SECTION 5.11 TRUSTEE TO GIVE NOTICE OF DEFAULT, BUT MAY WITHHOLD IN
CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES. The Trustee shall transmit to the Securityholders of any
Series notice in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 12.4, of all
defaults which have occurred with respect to such Series, such notice to be
transmitted within 90 days after the occurrence thereof, unless such defaults
shall have been cured before the giving of such notice (the term "default" or
"defaults" for the purposes of this Section being hereby defined to mean any
event or condition which is, or with notice or lapse of time or both would
become, an Event of Default); provided that, except in the case of default in
the payment of the principal of or interest on any of the Securities of such
Series or any default in the

                                       50
<PAGE>

payment of any sinking fund installment or analogous obligation in respect of
any of the Securities of such Series, the Trustee shall be protected in
withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive
committee, or a trust committee of directors or trustees or Responsible Officers
of the Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is
in the interests of the Securityholders of such Series.

            SECTION 5.12 RIGHT OF COURT TO REQUIRE FILING OF UNDERTAKING TO PAY
COSTS. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security and
each Holder of any Coupon, by his acceptance thereof, shall be deemed to have
agreed, that a court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the
enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against
the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the
filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of
such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs,
including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit,
having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by
such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any
suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder or
group of Securityholders of any Series holding in the aggregate more than 10% in
aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such Series, or to any suit
instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the
principal of or interest on any Security on or after the due date expressed in
such Security.

                                    ARTICLE 6

                             CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

            SECTION 6.1 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE TRUSTEE; PRIOR TO
DEFAULT; DURING DEFAULT. With respect to the Holders of any Series of Securities
issued hereunder, the Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default
with respect to the Securities of a particular Series and after the curing or
waiving of all Events of Default which may have occurred with respect to such
Series, undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are
specifically set forth in this Indenture. In case an Event of Default with
respect to the Securities of a Series has occurred (which has not been cured or
waived) of which a Responsible Officer has actual knowledge, the Trustee shall
exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use
the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would
exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.

                                       51
<PAGE>

            No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the
Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure
to act or its own wilful misconduct, except that

            (a) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to
      the Securities of any Series and after the curing or waiving of all such
      Events of Default with respect to such Series which may have occurred:

                  (i) the duties and obligations of the Trustee with respect to
            the Securities of an Series shall be determined solely by the
            express provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be
            liable except for the performance of such duties and obligations as
            are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied
            covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against
            the Trustee; and

                  (ii) in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee,
            the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements
            and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any
            statements, certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and
            conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of
            any such statements, certificates or opinions which by any provision
            hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the
            Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine
            whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture;

            (b) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made
      in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the
      Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in
      ascertaining the pertinent facts; and

            (c) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken
      or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
      direction of the Holders pursuant to Section 5.9 relating to the time,
      method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to
      the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee,
      under this Indenture.

            None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the
Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial
liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of
its rights or

                                       52
<PAGE>

powers, if there shall be reasonable ground for believing that the repayment of
such funds or adequate indemnity against such liability is not reasonably
assured to it. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, every provision
of this Indenture relating to the Trustee shall be subject to this Section 6.1.

            SECTION 6.2 CERTAIN RIGHTS OF THE TRUSTEE. Subject to Section 6.1:

            (a) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or
      refraining from acting upon any resolution, officer's Certificate or any
      other certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice,
      request, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon, security or other
      paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or
      presented by the proper party or parties;

            (b) any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned
      herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Officer's Certificate (unless
      other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed); and
      any resolution of the Board of Directors may be evidenced to the Trustee
      by a copy thereof certified by the secretary or any assistant secretary of
      the Company;

            (c) the Trustee may consult with counsel and any advice or action
      taken by the Trustee in reasonable reliance on an Opinion of Counsel shall
      be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action
      taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it hereunder in good faith and
      in accordance with such advice or Opinion of Counsel;

            (d) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
      trusts or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or
      direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this
      Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee
      reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and
      liabilities which might be incurred therein or thereby;

            (e) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted
      by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the
      discretion, rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

            (f) prior to the occurrence of any Event of Default hereunder and
      after the curing or waiving of all Events of

                                       53
<PAGE>

      Default, the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the
      facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
      instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval,
      appraisal, bond, debenture, note, coupon, security, or other paper or
      document unless requested in writing to do so by the Holders of not less
      than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of all
      Series affected then Outstanding; provided that, if the payment within a
      reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities
      likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the
      opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the
      security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may
      require reasonable indemnity against such expenses or liabilities as a
      condition to proceeding; the reasonable expenses of every such
      investigation shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee or
      any predecessor Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand; and

            (g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
      perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
      attorneys not regularly in its employ and the Trustee shall be responsible
      for any negligent action, negligent failure to act or wilful misconduct on
      the part of any such agent or attorney.

            SECTION 6.3 TRUSTEE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS, DISPOSITION OF
SECURITIES OR APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS THEREOF. The recitals contained herein and
in the Securities, except the Trustee's certificate of authentication, shall be
taken as the statements of the Company and the Trustee assumes no responsibility
for the correctness of the same. The Trustee makes no representation as to the
validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. The Trustee
shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the
Securities or of the proceeds thereof.

            SECTION 6.4 TRUSTEE AND AGENTS MAY HOLD SECURITIES; COLLECTIONS,
ETC. The Trustee, any Paying Agent, Security registrar, or any agent of the
Company or the Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the
owner or pledgee of Securities or Coupons with the same rights it would have if
it were not the Trustee or such agent and, subject to Sections 6.8 and 6.13, if
operative, may otherwise deal with the Company and receive, collect, hold and
retain collections from the Company with the same rights it would have if it
were not the Trustee or such agent.

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<PAGE>

            SECTION 6.5 MONEYS HELD BY TRUSTEE. Subject to the provisions of
Section 10.4 hereof, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or
applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they
were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent
required by mandatory provisions of law. Neither the Trustee nor any agent of
the Company or the Trustee shall be under any liability for interest on any
moneys received by it hereunder.

            SECTION 6.6 COMPENSATION AND INDEMNIFICATION OF TRUSTEE AND ITS
PRIOR CLAIM. The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee from time to
time, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, reasonable compensation (which shall
not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a
trustee of an express trust) and the Company covenants and agrees to pay or
reimburse the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee upon its request for all
reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by or on behalf
of it in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the
reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of
all agents and other persons not regularly in its employ) except any such
expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith.
The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee
for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred
without negligence or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection
with the acceptance or administration of this Indenture or the trusts hereunder
and its duties hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself
against or investigating any claim of liability in the premises. The obligations
of the Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and
each predecessor Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee and each
predecessor Trustee for expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute
additional indebtedness hereunder and shall survive the satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture. Such additional indebtedness shall be a senior
claim to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by
the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the Holders
of particular Securities or the Holders of particular Coupons, and the
Securities are hereby subordinated to such senior claim. When the Trustee incurs
expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in
Section 5.1 or in connection with Article Five hereof, the expenses (including
the reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for the
service in connection therewith are intended to constitute expenses of
administration under any bankruptcy law.

                                       55
<PAGE>

            SECTION 6.7 RIGHT OF TRUSTEE TO RELY ON OFFICER'S CERTIFICATE, ETC.
Subject to Sections 6.1 and 6.2, whenever in the administration of the trusts of
this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it necessary or desirable that a matter be
proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting any action
hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein
specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the
part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an
Officer's Certificate delivered to the Trustee, and such certificate, in the
absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full
warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it or under
the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.

            SECTION 6.8 QUALIFICATION OF TRUSTEE; CONFLICTING INTERESTS. (a) If
the Trustee has or shall acquire any conflicting interest, as defined in this
Section, it shall, within 90 days after ascertaining that it has such
conflicting interest, either eliminate such conflicting interest or resign in
the manner and with the effect specified in this Indenture.

            (b) In the event that the Trustee shall fail to comply with the
provisions of subsection (a) of this Section, the Trustee shall, within 10 days
after the expiration of such 90 day period, transmit by mail notice of such
failure to the Securityholders in the manner and to the extent provided in
Section 4.4(c) and 12.4.

            (c) For the purposes of this Section, the Trustee shall be deemed to
have a conflicting interest with respect to Securities of any Series if

                  (i) the Trustee is trustee under this Indenture with respect
      to the Outstanding Securities of any other Series or is a trustee under
      another indenture under which any other securities, or certificates of
      interest or participation in any other securities, of an Issuer are
      outstanding, unless such other indenture is a collateral trust indenture
      under which the only collateral consists of Securities issued under this
      Indenture; provided that there shall be excluded from the operation of
      this paragraph this Indenture with respect to the Securities of any Series
      other than such Series or any other indenture or indentures under which
      other securities, or certificates of interest or participation in other
      securities, of an Issuer are outstanding if (i) this Indenture is and such
      other indenture or indentures are wholly unsecured, and such other
      indenture or indentures are hereafter qualified under the Trust Indenture
      Act of 1939, unless the Commission shall

                                       56
<PAGE>

      have found and declared by order pursuant to Section 305(b) or Section
      307(c) of such Trust Indenture Act of 1939 that differences exist between
      the provisions of this Indenture with respect to Securities of such Series
      and one or more other Series, or the provisions of this Indenture and the
      provisions of such other indenture or indentures which are so likely to
      involve a material conflict of interest as to make it necessary in the
      public interest or for the protection of investors to disqualify the
      Trustee from acting as such under this Indenture with respect to
      Securities of such Series and such other Series, or under this Indenture
      or such other indenture or indentures, or (ii) the Issuer shall have
      sustained the burden of proving, on application to the Commission and
      after opportunity for hearing thereon, that trusteeship under this
      Indenture with respect to Securities of such Series and such other Series,
      or under this Indenture and such other indenture or indentures is not so
      likely to involve a material conflict of interest as to make it necessary
      in the public interest or for the protection of investors to disqualify
      the Trustee from acting as such under this Indenture with respect to
      Securities of such Series and such other Series, or under this Indenture
      and such other indentures;

                  (ii) the Trustee or any of its directors or executive officers
      is an obligor upon the Securities of any Series issued under this
      Indenture or any underwriter for an Issuer;

                  (iii) the Trustee directly or indirectly controls or is
      directly or indirectly controlled by or is under direct or indirect common
      control with an Issuer or an underwriter for an Issuer;

                  (iv) the Trustee or any of its directors or executive officers
      is a director, officer, partner, employee, appointee, or representative of
      an Issuer, or of an underwriter (other than the Trustee itself) for an
      Issuer who is currently engaged in the business of underwriting, except
      that (x) one individual may be a director or an executive officer, or
      both, of the Trustee and a director or an executive officer, or both, of
      an Issuer, but may not be at the same time an executive officer of both
      the Trustee and an Issuer;(y) if and so long as the number of directors of
      the Trustee in office is more than nine, one additional individual may be
      a director or an executive officer, or both, of the Trustee and a director
      of an Issuer; and (z) the Trustee may be designated by an Issuer or by any
      underwriter for an Issuer to act in the capacity of transfer agent,
      registrar, custodian, Paying Agent, fiscal agent,

                                       57
<PAGE>

      escrow agent or depositary, or in any other similar capacity, or, subject
      to the provisions of Subsection (c) (i) of this Section, to act as
      trustee, whether under an indenture or otherwise;

                  (v) 10% or more of the voting securities of the Trustee is
      beneficially owned either by an Issuer or by any director, partner or
      executive officer thereof, or 20% or more of such voting securities is
      beneficially owned, collectively, by any two or more of such persons; or
      10% or more of the voting securities of the Trustee is beneficially owned
      either by an underwriter for an Issuer or by any director, partner, or
      executive officer thereof, or is beneficially owned, collectively, by any
      two or more such persons;

                  (vi) the Trustee is the beneficial owner of, or holds as
      collateral security for an obligation which is in default, (x) 5% or more
      of the voting securities or 10% or more of any other class of security of
      an Issuer, not including the Securities issued under this Indenture and
      securities issued under any other indenture under which the Trustee is
      also trustee, or (y) 10% or more of any class of security of an
      underwriter for an Issuer;

                  (vii) the Trustee is the beneficial owner of, or holds as
      collateral security for an obligation which is in default, 5% or more of
      the voting securities of any person who, to the knowledge of the Trustee,
      owns 10% or more of the voting securities of, or controls directly or
      indirectly or is under direct or indirect common control with, an Issuer;

                  (viii) the Trustee is the beneficial owner of, or holds as
      collateral security for an obligation which is in default, 10% or more of
      any class of security of any person who, to the knowledge of the Trustee,
      owns 50% or more of the voting securities of an Issuer; or

                  (ix) the Trustee owns on May 15 in any calendar year, in the
      capacity of executor, administrator, testamentary or inter vivos trustee,
      guardian, committee or conservator, or in any other similar capacity, an
      aggregate of 25% or more of the voting securities, or of any class of
      security, of any person, the beneficial ownership of a specified
      percentage of which would have constituted a conflicting interest under
      Section 6.8(c)(vi), (vii) or (viii). As to any such securities of which
      the Trustee acquired ownership through becoming executor, administrator or
      testamentary trustee of an estate which included them,

                                       58
<PAGE>

      the provisions of the preceding sentence shall not apply, for a period of
      two years from the date of such acquisition, to the extent that such
      securities included in such estate do not exceed 25% of such voting
      securities or 25% of any such class of securities. Promptly after May 15
      in each calendar year the Trustee shall make a check of its holdings of
      such securities in any of the above-mentioned capacities as of such May
      15. If an Issuer fails to make payment in full of principal of or interest
      on any of the Securities when and as the same becomes due and payable, and
      such failure continues for 30 days thereafter, the Trustee shall make a
      prompt check of its holdings of such securities in any of the
      above-mentioned capacities as of the date of the expiration of such 30-day
      period, and after such date, notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of
      this paragraph, all such securities so held by the Trustee, with sole or
      joint control over such securities vested in it, shall, but only so long
      as such failure shall continue, be considered as though beneficially owned
      by the Trustee for the purposes of subsections (c)(vi), (vii) and (viii)
      of this Section.

            The specification of percentages in subsections (c)(v) to (ix),
inclusive, of this Section shall not be construed as indicating that the
ownership of such percentages of the securities of a person is or is not
necessary or sufficient to constitute direct or indirect control for the
purposes of subsection (c)(iii) or (vii) of this Section.

            For the purposes of subsections (c)(vi), (vii), (viii) and (ix) of
this Section, only:

                  (i) the terms "security" and "securities" shall include only
      such securities as are generally known as corporate securities, but shall
      not include any note or other evidence of indebtedness issued to evidence
      an obligation to repay moneys lent to a person by one or more banks, trust
      companies, or banking firms, or any certificate of interest or
      participation in any such note or evidence of indebtedness;

                  (ii) an obligation shall be deemed to be in default when a
      default in payment of principal shall have continued for 30 days or more
      and shall not have been cured; and

                  (iii) the Trustee shall not be deemed to be the owner or
      holder of (x) any security which it holds as collateral security, as
      trustee or otherwise, for an obligation which is not in default as defined
      in clause (ii) above, or (y) any security which it holds as collateral

                                       59
<PAGE>

      security under this Indenture, irrespective of any default hereunder, or
      (z) any security which it holds as agent for collection, or as custodian,
      escrow agent, or depository, or in any similar representative capacity.

            Except as provided above, the word "security" or "securities" as
used in this Section shall mean any note, stock, treasury stock, bond,
debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in
any profit-sharing agreement, collateral trust certificate, reorganization
certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting
trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided
interest in oil, gas or other mineral rights, or, in general, any interest or
instrument commonly known as a "security", or any certificate of interest or
participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guarantee
of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing.

            (d) For purposes of this Section:

                  (i) the term "underwriter" when used with reference to an
      Issuer shall mean every person who, within three years prior to the time
      as of which the determination is made, has purchased from the Issuer with
      a view to, or has offered or sold for the Issuer in connection with, the
      distribution of any security of the Issuer outstanding at such time, or
      has participated or has had a direct or indirect participation in an such
      undertaking, or has participated or has had a participation in the direct
      or indirect underwriting of any such undertaking, but such term shall not
      include a person whose interest was limited to a commission from an
      underwriter or dealer not in excess of the usual and customary
      distributor's or seller's commission;

                  (ii) the term "director" shall mean any director of a
      corporation or any individual performing similar functions with respect to
      any organization whether incorporated or unincorporated;

                  (iii) the term "person" shall mean an individual, a
      corporation, a partnership, an association, a joint-stock company, a
      trust, an unincorporated organization, or a government or political
      subdivision thereof; as used in this paragraph, the term "trust" shall
      include only a trust where the interest or interests of the beneficiary or
      beneficiaries are evidenced by a security;

                                       60
<PAGE>

                  (iv) the term "voting security" shall mean any security
      presently entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote on the direction
      or management of the affairs of a person, or any security issued under or
      pursuant to any trust, agreement or arrangement whereby a trustee or
      trustees or agent or agents for the owner or holder of such security are
      presently entitled to vote on the direction or management of the affairs
      of a person;

                  (v) the term "Issuer" shall mean any obligor upon the
      Securities; and

                  (vi) the term "executive officer" shall mean the president,
      every vice president, every trust officer, the cashier, the secretary, and
      the treasurer of a corporation, and any individual customarily performing
      similar functions with respect to any organization whether incorporated or
      unincorporated, but shall not include the chairman of the board of
      directors.

            (e) The percentages of voting securities and other securities
specified in this Section shall be calculated in accordance with the following
provisions:

                  (i) a specified percentage of the voting securities of the
      Trustee, an Issuer or any other person referred to in this Section (each
      of whom is referred to as "person" in this paragraph) means such amount of
      the outstanding voting securities of such person as entitles the holder or
      holders thereof to cast such specified percentage of the aggregate votes
      which the holders of all the outstanding voting securities of such person
      are entitled to cast in the direction or management of the affairs of such
      person;

                  (ii) a specified percentage of a class of securities of a
      person means such percentage of the aggregate amount of securities of the
      class outstanding;

                  (iii) the term "amount", when used in regard to securities,
      means the principal amount if relating to evidences of indebtedness, the
      number of shares if relating to capital shares, and the number of units if
      relating to any other kind of security;

                  (iv) the term "outstanding" means issued and not held by or
      for the account of the issuer; the following securities shall not be
      deemed outstanding within the meaning of this definition:

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<PAGE>

                        (A) securities of an issuer held in a sinking fund
            relating to securities of the issuer of the same class;

                        (B) securities of an issuer held in a sinking fund
            relating to another class of securities of the issuer, if the
            obligation evidenced by such other class of securities is not in
            default as to principal or interest or otherwise;

                        (C) securities pledged by the issuer thereof as security
            for an obligation of the issuer not in default as to principal or
            interest or otherwise; and

                        (D) securities held in escrow if placed in escrow by the
            issuer thereof;

            provided that any voting securities of an issuer shall be deemed
            outstanding if any person other than the issuer is entitled to
            exercise the voting rights thereof; and

                  (v) a security shall be deemed to be of the same class as
      another security if both securities confer upon the holder or holders
      thereof substantially the same rights and privileges; provided, that in
      the case of secured evidences of indebtedness, all of which are issued
      under a single indenture, differences in the interest rates or maturity
      dates of various Series thereof shall not be deemed sufficient to
      constitute such Series different classes, and provided, further, that, in
      the case of unsecured evidences of indebtedness, differences in the
      interest rates or maturity dates thereof shall not be deemed sufficient to
      constitute them securities of different classes, whether or not they are
      issued under a single indenture.

            SECTION 6.9 PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR APPOINTMENT AS TRUSTEE. The Trustee
for each Series of Securities hereunder shall at all times be a corporation or
banking association organized and doing business under the laws of the United
States of America or of any State or the District of Columbia having a combined
capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000, and which is authorized under such
laws to exercise corporate trust powers and is subject to supervision or
examination by Federal, State or District of Columbia authority. Such
corporation shall have its principal place of business in the United States of
America, if there be such a corporation in such location willing to act upon
reasonable and customary terms and conditions. If such corporation publishes
reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements
of the aforesaid

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supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the
combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its
combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition
so published. In case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign
immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 6.10.

            SECTION 6.10 RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR
TRUSTEE. (a) The Trustee, or any trustee or trustees hereafter appointed, may at
any time resign with respect to one or more or all Series of Securities by
giving written notice of resignation to the Company and by mailing notice
thereof to the Holders in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 12.4.
Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a
successor trustee or trustees with respect to the applicable Series by written
instrument in duplicate, executed by authority of the Board of Directors, one
copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one
copy to the successor trustee or trustees. If no successor trustee shall have
been so appointed with respect to any Series and have accepted appointment
within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning
trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of
a successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a
Security or Securities of the applicable Series for at least six months may,
subject to the provisions of Section 5.12, on behalf of himself and all others
similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of, a successor
trustee. Such court may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem
proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.

            (b) In case at any time any of the following shall occur:

                  (i) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of
      Section 6.8 with respect to any Series of Securities after written request
      therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder who has been a bona fide
      Holder of a Security or Securities of such Series for at least six months;
      or

                  (ii) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with
      the provisions of Section 6.9 and shall fail to resign after written
      request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder; or

                  (iii) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting with
      respect to any Series of the Securities, or shall be

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<PAGE>

      adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver or liquidator of the
      Trustee or of its property shall be appointed, or any public officer shall
      take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for
      the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;

then, in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with respect to the
applicable Series of Securities and appoint a successor trustee for such Series
by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors
of the Company, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee
so removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or, subject to the provisions
of Section 5.12, any Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a
Security or Securities of such Series for at least six months may on behalf of
himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor
trustee with respect to such Series. Such court may thereupon, after such
notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and
appoint a successor trustee.

            (c) The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of each Series at the time Outstanding may at any time upon 60 days'
prior written notice remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of such
Series and appoint a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of such
Series by delivering to the Trustee so removed, to the successor trustee so
appointed and to the Company the evidence provided for in Section 7.1 of the
action in that regard taken by the Securityholders.

            (d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee with respect to any
Series and any appointment of a successor trustee with respect to such Series
pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section 6.10 shall become effective
upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section
6.11.

            SECTION 6.11 ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR TRUSTEE. Any
successor trustee appointed as provided in Section 6.10 shall execute and
deliver to the Company and to its predecessor Trustee an instrument accepting
such appointment hereunder, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the
predecessor Trustee with respect to all or any applicable Series shall become
effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all rights, powers, duties and obligations
with respect to such Series of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if
originally named as trustee for such Series hereunder; but, nevertheless, on the
written request of the Company or of the

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<PAGE>

successor trustee, upon payment of its charges then unpaid, the trustee ceasing
to act shall, subject to Section 10.4, pay over to the successor trustee all
moneys at the time held by it hereunder and shall execute and deliver an
instrument transferring to such successor trustee all such rights, powers,
duties and obligations. Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Company
shall execute any and all instruments in writing for more fully and certainly
vesting in and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights and powers.
Any trustee ceasing to act shall, nevertheless, retain a prior claim upon all
property or funds held or collected by such trustee to secure any amounts then
due it pursuant to the provisions of Section 6.6.

            If a successor trustee is appointed with respect to the Securities
of one or more (but not all) Series, the Company, the predecessor Trustee and
each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of an applicable Series
shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto which shall contain
such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all
the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the predecessor Trustee with respect to
the Securities of any Series as to which the predecessor Trustee is not retiring
shall continue to be vested in the predecessor Trustee, and shall add to or
change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide
for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one
trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental
indenture shall constitute such trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that
each such trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts under separate
indentures.

            No successor trustee with respect to any Series of Securities shall
accept appointment as provided in this Section 6.11 unless at the time of such
acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified under the provisions of
Section 6.8 and eligible under the provisions of Section 6.9.

            Upon acceptance of appointment by any successor trustee as provided
in this Section 6.11, the Company shall give notice in the manner and to the
extent provided in Section 12.4 to the Holders of Securities of any Series for
which such successor trustee is acting as trustee at their last addresses as
they shall appear in the Security register. If the acceptance of appointment is
substantially contemporaneous with the resignation, then the notice called for
by the preceding sentence may be combined with the notice called for by Section
6.10. If the Company fails to mail such notice within ten days after acceptance
of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such
notice to be mailed at the expense of the Company.

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<PAGE>

            SECTION 6.12 MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO
BUSINESS OF TRUSTEE. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a
party, or an corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the
Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such
corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 6.8 and eligible
under the provisions of Section 6.9, without the execution or filing of any
paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything
herein to the contrary notwithstanding.

            In case at the time such successor to the Trustee shall succeed to
the trusts created by this Indenture any of the Securities of any Series shall
have been authenticated but not delivered, any such successor to the Trustee may
adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor Trustee and deliver
such Securities so authenticated; and, in case at that time any of the
Securities of any Series shall not have been authenticated, any successor to the
Trustee may authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor
Trustee hereunder or in the name of the successor Trustee; and in all such cases
such certificates shall have the full force which it is anywhere in the
Securities of such Series or in this Indenture provided that the certificate of
the Trustee shall have; provided, that the right to adopt the certificate of
authentication of any predecessor Trustee or to authenticate Securities of any
Series in the name of any predecessor Trustee shall apply only to its successor
or successors by merger, conversion or consolidation.

            SECTION 6.13 PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST THE COMPANY.
(a) Subject to the provisions of this Section, if the Trustee shall be or shall
become a creditor, directly or indirectly, secured or unsecured, of an Issuer
within four months prior to a default, as defined in subsection (c) of this
Section, or subsequent to such a default, then, unless and until such default
shall be cured, the Trustee shall set apart and hold in a special account for
the benefit of the Trustee individually, the Holders of the Securities, the
Holders of Coupons and the holders of other indenture securities (as defined in
this section):

            (1) an amount equal to any and all reductions in the amount due and
      owing upon any claim as such creditor in respect of principal or interest,
      effected after the beginning of such four month period and valid as
      against such Issuer and its other creditors, except any such reduction
      resulting from the receipt or disposition of any property described in
      subsection (a)(2) of this Section, or

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<PAGE>

      from the exercise of any right of set-off which the Trustee could have
      exercised if a petition in bankruptcy had been filed by or against such
      Issuer upon the date of such default; and

            (2) all property received by the Trustee in respect of any claim as
      such creditor, either as security therefor, or in satisfaction or
      composition thereof, or otherwise, after the beginning of such four month
      period, or an amount equal to the proceeds of any such property, if
      disposed of, subject, however, to the rights, if any, of such Issuer and
      its other creditors in such property or such proceeds.

Nothing herein contained, however, shall affect the right of the Trustee:

            (A) to retain for its own account (i) payments made on account of
      any such claim by any person (other than such Issuer) who is liable
      thereon, (ii) the proceeds of the bona fide sale of any such claim by the
      Trustee to a third person, and (iii) distributions made in cash,
      securities or other property in respect of claims filed against such
      Issuer in bankruptcy or receivership or in proceedings for reorganization
      pursuant to Title 11 of the United States Code or applicable state law;

            (B) to realize, for its own account, upon any property held by it as
      security for any such claim, if such property was so held prior to the
      beginning of such four month period;

            (C) to realize, for its own account, but only to the extent of the
      claim hereinafter mentioned, upon any property held by it as security for
      any such claim, if such claim was created after the beginning of such four
      month period and such property was received as security therefor
      simultaneously with the creation thereof, and if the Trustee shall sustain
      the burden of proving that at the time such property was so received the
      Trustee had no reasonable cause to believe that a default as defined in
      subsection (c) of this Section would occur within four months; or

            (D) to receive payment on any claim referred to in paragraph (B) or
      (C), against the release of any property held as security for such claim
      as provided in such paragraph (B) or (C), as the case may be, to the
      extent of the fair value of such property.

            For the purposes of paragraphs (B), (C) and (D), property
substituted after the beginning of such four month

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<PAGE>

period for property held as security at the time of such substitution shall, to
the extent of the fair value of the property released, have the same status as
the property released, and, to the extent that any claim referred to in any of
such paragraphs is created in renewal of or in substitution for or for the
purpose of repaying or refunding any pre-existing claim of the Trustee as such
creditor, such claim shall have the same status as such pre-existing claim.

            If the Trustee shall be required to account, the funds and property
held in such special account and the proceeds thereof shall be apportioned
between the Trustee, the Securityholders, the Holders of Coupons and the holders
of other indenture securities in such manner that the Trustee, such
Securityholders and the holders of other indenture securities realize, as a
result of payments from such special account and payments of dividends on claims
filed against an Issuer in bankruptcy or receivership or in proceedings for
reorganization pursuant to Title 11 of the United States Code or applicable
State law, the same percentage of their respective claims, figured before
crediting to the claim of the Trustee anything on account of the receipt by it
from such Issuer of the funds and property in such special account and before
crediting to the respective claims of the Trustee, such Securityholders and the
holders of other indenture securities, dividends on claims filed against such
Issuer in bankruptcy or receivership or in proceedings for reorganization
pursuant to Title 11 of the United States Code or applicable State law, but
after crediting thereon receipts on account of the indebtedness represented by
their respective claims from all sources other than from such dividends and from
the funds and property so held in such special account. As used in this
paragraph, with respect to any claim, the term "dividends" shall include any
distribution with respect to such claim, in bankruptcy or receivership or in
proceedings for reorganization pursuant to Title 11 of the United States Code or
applicable State law, whether such distribution is made in cash, securities or
other property, but shall not include any such distribution with respect to the
secured portion, if any, of such claim. The court in which such bankruptcy,
receivership or proceeding for reorganization is pending shall have jurisdiction
(i) to apportion between the Trustee, such Securityholders and the holders of
other indenture securities, in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph,
the funds and the property held in such special account and the proceeds
thereof, or (ii) in lieu of such apportionment, in whole or in part, to give to
the provisions of this paragraph due consideration in determining the fairness
of the distributions to be made to the Trustee, such Securityholders and the
holders of other indenture securities with respect to their respective claims,
in which event it shall not be necessary to liquidate or to appraise the value
of any

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<PAGE>

securities or other property held in such special account or as security for any
such claim, or to make a specific allocation of such distributions as between
the secured and unsecured portions of such claims, or otherwise to apply the
provisions of this paragraph as a mathematical formula.

            Any Trustee who has resigned or been removed after the beginning of
such four month period shall be subject to the provisions of this subsection (a)
as though such resignation or removal had not occurred. If any Trustee has
resigned or been removed prior to the beginning of such four month period, it
shall be subject to the provisions of this subsection (a) if and only if the
following conditions exist:

                  (i) the receipt of property or reduction of claim which would
            have given rise to the obligation to account, if such Trustee had
            continued as trustee, occurred after the beginning of such four
            month period; and

                  (ii) such receipt of property or reduction of claim occurred
            within four months after such resignation or removal.

            (b) There shall be excluded from the operation of this Section a
creditor relationship arising from:

                  (1) the ownership or acquisition of securities issued under
any indenture, or any security or securities having a maturity of one year or
more at the time of acquisition by the Trustee;

                  (2) advances authorized by a receivership or bankruptcy court
of competent jurisdiction or by this Indenture for the purpose of preserving any
property which shall at any time be subject to the lien of this Indenture or of
discharging tax liens or other prior liens or encumbrances thereon, if notice of
such advance and of the circumstances surrounding the making thereof is given to
the Securityholders at the time and in the manner provided in this Indenture;

                  (3) disbursements made in the ordinary course of business in
the capacity of trustee under an indenture, transfer agent, registrar,
custodian, paying agent, fiscal agent or depositary, or other similar capacity;

                  (4) an indebtedness created as a result of services rendered
or premises rented or an indebtedness created as a result of goods or securities
sold in a cash transaction as defined in subsection (c)(3) below;

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<PAGE>

                  (5) the ownership of stock or of other securities of a
corporation organized under the provisions of Section 25(a) of the Federal
Reserve Act, as amended, which is directly or indirectly a creditor of such
Issuer; or

                  (6) the acquisition, ownership, acceptance or negotiation of
any drafts, bills of exchange, acceptances or obligations which fall within the
classification of self-liquidating paper as defined in subsection (c)(4) of this
Section.

            (c) As used in this Section:

                  (1) the term "default" shall mean any failure to make payment
in full of the principal of or interest upon any of the Securities or upon the
other indenture securities when and as such principal or interest becomes due
and payable;

                  (2) the term "other indenture securities" shall mean
securities upon which an Issuer is an obligor (as defined in the Trust Indenture
Act of 1939) outstanding under any other indenture (i) under which the Trustee
is also trustee, (ii) which contains provisions substantially similar to the
provisions of subsection (a) of this Section, and (iii) under which a default
exists at the time of the apportionment of the funds and property held in said
special account;

                  (3) the term "cash transaction" shall mean any transaction in
which full payment for goods or securities sold is made within seven days after
delivery of the goods or securities in currency or in checks or other orders
drawn upon banks or bankers and payable upon demand;

                  (4) the term "self-liquidating paper" shall mean any draft,
bill of exchange acceptance or obligation which is made, drawn, negotiated or
incurred by the Company for the purpose of financing the purchase, processing,
manufacture, shipment, storage or sale of goods, wares or merchandise and which
is secured by documents evidencing title to, possession of, or a lien upon the
goods, wares or merchandise or the receivables or proceeds arising from the sale
of the goods, wares or merchandise previously constituting the security,
provided the security is received by the Trustee simultaneously with the
creation of the creditor relationship with the Company arising from the making,
drawing, negotiating or incurring of the draft, bill of exchange, acceptance or
obligation; and

                  (a) the term "Issuer" shall mean any obligor upon the
Securities.

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            SECTION 6.14 APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT. The Trustee may
appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more Series of
Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to
authenticate Securities of such Series issued upon original issue or upon
exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or pursuant to
Section 2.9, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits
of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if
authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this
Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the
Trustee's certificate of authentication or any other action in connection
therewith, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery
on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of
authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and
other action taken on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each
Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company.

            An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written
notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time
terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof
to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation or upon such a termination, the Trustee may appoint a successor
Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give
notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities in the manner provided
in Section 12.4. Any successor Authentication Agent upon acceptance of its
appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties
of its predecessor hereunder, with the effect as if originally named as an
Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed
unless acceptable to the Company.

            The Company agrees to pay to each Authentication Agent from time to
time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section.

            If an appointment with respect to one or more Series of Securities
is made pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such Series may have
endorsed thereon, in addition to the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an
alternative certificate of authentication in the following form:

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<PAGE>

            "This is one of the Securities of the Series designated
            herein and referred to in the within-mentioned
            Indenture.

               BankOne Trust Company, NA, as Trustee

                  By:________________________________
                        As Authenticating Agent

                  By:________________________________
                        Authorized Officer"

                                    ARTICLE 7

                         CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS

            SECTION 7.1 EVIDENCE OF ACTION TAKEN BY SECURITYHOLDERS. (a) Any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by a specified percentage
in principal amount of the Securityholders of any or all Series may be embodied
in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor
signed by such specified percentage of Securityholders in person or by agent
duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided,
such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are
delivered to the Trustee. Proof of execution of any instrument or of a writing
appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture
and (subject to Sections 6.1 and 6.2) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the
Company, if made in the manner provided in this Article.

            (b) The ownership of Registered Securities shall be proved by the
Security register. With respect to any Series of Registered Securities, the
Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of
determining the identity of Registered Holders entitled to receive any notice or
to consent to any supplement to this Indenture or to any amendment or waiver of
any provision hereof. If a record date is fixed, only those persons who were
Registered Holders at such record date (or their duly designated proxies) shall
be entitled to receive such notice or to consent to such supplement, amendment
or waiver or to revoke any such consent previously given, whether or not such
persons continue to be Holders after such record date. Any such record date
shall not be more than 60 days prior to the first solicitation of such consent
or the date of the most recent list of Securityholders furnished to the Trustee
pursuant to Section 4.1.

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<PAGE>

            (c) The amount of Unregistered Securities held by any Person
executing any instrument or writing as a Securityholder, the numbers of such
Unregistered Securities, and the date of his holding the same may be proved by
the production of such Securities or by a certificate executed by any trust
company, bank, broker or member of a national securities exchange (wherever
situated), as depositary, if such certificate is in form satisfactory to the
Trustee, showing that at the date therein mentioned such Person had on deposit
with such depositary, or exhibited to it, the Unregistered Securities therein
described; or such facts may be proved by the certificate or affidavit of the
Person executing such instrument or writing as a Securityholder, if such
certificate or affidavit is in form satisfactory to the Trustee. The Trustee and
the Company may assume that such ownership of any Unregistered Security
continues until (i) another certificate or affidavit bearing a later date issued
in respect of the same Unregistered Security is produced, or (ii) such
Unregistered Security is produced by some other person, or (iii) such
Unregistered Security is surrendered in exchange for a Registered Security, or
(iv) such Unregistered Security has been canceled in accordance with Section
2.10.

            SECTION 7.2 PROOF OF EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS. Subject to Sections
6.1 and 6.2, the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder or his agent or
proxy may be proved in accordance with such reasonable rules and regulations as
may be prescribed by the Trustee or in such manner as shall be satisfactory to
the Trustee.

            SECTION 7.3 HOLDERS TO BE TREATED AS OWNERS. The Company, the
Trustee and any Agent of the Company or the Trustee may deem and treat the
person in whose name any Security shall be registered upon the Security register
for such Series as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such
Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other
writing thereon) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the
principal of and interest on such Security and for all other purposes; and
neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any Agent of the Company or the Trustee
shall be affected by any notice to the contrary. All such payments so made to
any such person, or upon his order, shall be valid, and, to the extent of the
sum or sums so paid, effectual to satisfy and discharge the liability for moneys
payable upon any such Security.

            SECTION 7.4 SECURITIES OWNED BY COMPANY DEEMED NOT OUTSTANDING. In
determining whether the Holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of
Outstanding Securities of any or all Series have concurred in any direction,
consent or waiver under this Indenture, Securities which are owned by the
Company

                                       73
<PAGE>

or any other obligor on the Securities with respect to which such determination
is being made or by any person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled
by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any other
obligor on the Securities with respect to which such determination is being made
shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any
such determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether the
Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver
only Securities which the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.
Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as
Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the
pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee
is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any person
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect
common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities. In case
of a dispute as to such right, the advice of counsel shall be full protection in
respect of any decision made by the Trustee in accordance with such advice. Upon
request of the Trustee, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee promptly an
Officer's Certificate listing and identifying all Securities, if any, known by
the Company to be owned or held by or for the account of any of the
above-described persons; and, subject to Sections 6.1 and 6.2, the Trustee shall
be entitled to accept such Officer's Certificate as conclusive evidence of the
facts therein set forth and of the fact that all Securities not listed therein
are Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination.

            SECTION 7.5 RIGHT OF REVOCATION OF ACTION TAKEN. At any time prior
to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 7.1, of
the taking of any action by the Holders of the percentage in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of any or all Series, as the case may be, specified in
this Indenture in connection with such action, any Holder of a Security the
serial number of which is shown by the evidence to be included among the serial
numbers of the Securities the Holders of which have consented to such action
may, by filing written notice at the Corporate Trust Office and upon proof of
holding as provided in this Article, revoke such action so far as concerns such
Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the Holder of any
Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future
Holders and owners of such Security and of any Securities issued in exchange or
substitution therefor, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard
thereto is made upon any such Security. Any action taken by the Holders of the
percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any or all Series,
as the case may be, specified in this Indenture in connection with such

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<PAGE>

action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and the
Holders of all the Securities affected by such action.

                                    ARTICLE 8

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

            SECTION 8.1 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF
SECURITYHOLDERS. The Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the
Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or
indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date of the execution thereof)
for one or more of the following purposes:

            (a) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge to the Trustee
as security for the Securities of one or more Series any property or assets;

            (b) to evidence the succession of another corporation to the
Company, or successive successions, and the assumption by the successor
corporation of the covenants, agreements and obligations of the Company pursuant
to Article Nine;

            (c) to add to the covenants of the Company such further covenants,
restrictions, conditions or provisions as its Board of Directors and the Trustee
shall consider to be for the protection of the Holders of Securities, and to
make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a default in any such
additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of Default
permitting the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies provided in
this Indenture as herein set forth; provided, that in respect of any such
additional covenant, restriction, condition or provision such supplemental
indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default (which
period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of other defaults)
or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such an Event of Default or may
limit the remedies available to the Trustee upon such an Event of Default or may
limit the right of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of such Series to waive such an Event of Default;

            (d) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision
contained herein or in any supplemental indenture which may be defective or
inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in any supplemental
indenture; or to make such other provisions in regard to matters or questions
arising

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under this Indenture or under any supplemental indenture as the Board of
Directors may deem necessary or desirable and which shall not materially and
adversely affect the interests of the Holders of the Securities or the Holders
of any Coupons;

            (e) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any Series as
permitted by Sections 2.1 and 2.3; or

            (f) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment
hereunder by a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more
Series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall
be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than the one trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section
6.11.

            The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the
execution of any such supplemental indenture, to make any further appropriate
agreements and stipulations which may be therein contained and to accept the
conveyance, transfer, assignment, mortgage or pledge of any property thereunder,
but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental
indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under
this Indenture or otherwise.

            Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this
Section may be executed without the consent of the Holders of any of the
Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of
Section 8.2.

            SECTION 8.2 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS.
With the consent (evidenced as provided in Article Seven) of the Holders of a
majority of the aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time
Outstanding of all Series affected by such supplemental indenture (treated as
one class), the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee
may, from time to time and at any time, enter into an indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date of execution thereof) for the
purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any
of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of
modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each such
Series; provided, that no such supplemental indenture shall (a) extend the final
maturity of any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the
rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any amount
payable on redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of principal of an Original
Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon an acceleration of
the maturity thereof

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<PAGE>

pursuant to Section 5.1 or the amount provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section
5.2, or impair or affect the right of any Securityholder to institute suit for
payment thereof or, if the Securities provide therefor, any right of repayment
at the option of the Securityholder without the consent of the Holder of the
Security so affected, or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities of
any Series, the consent of the Holders of which is required for any such
supplemental indenture, without the consent of the Holder of the Security so
affected.

            Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by a copy of a Board
Resolution authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and
upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders
as aforesaid and other documents, if any, required by Section 7.1, the Trustee
shall join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture
unless such supplements indenture affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in
its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such supplemental
indenture.

            It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders
under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental
indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the
substance thereof.

            An amendment under this Section 8.2 or Section 8.1 may not make any
change that adversely affects the rights under Article Eleven of any holder of
Senior Indebtedness then outstanding unless the requisite holders of such Senior
Indebtedness consent to such change pursuant to the terms of such Senior
Indebtedness.

            Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Company
shall give notice in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 12.4 to
the Holders of Securities of each Series affected thereby at their addresses as
they shall appear on the registry books of the Company, setting forth in general
terms the substance of such supplemental indenture. Any failure of the Company
to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way
impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.

            SECTION 8.3 EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE. Upon the execution of
any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions hereof, this Indenture
shall be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and
the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities

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under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the Holders of Securities
of each Series and Holders of Coupons affected thereby shall thereafter be
determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such
modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any such
supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and
conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.

            SECTION 8.4 DOCUMENTS TO BE GIVEN TO TRUSTEE. The Trustee, subject
to the provisions of Sections 6.1 and 6.2, may receive an Officer's Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture
executed pursuant to this Article Eight complies with the applicable provisions
of this Indenture.

            SECTION 8.5 NOTATION ON SECURITIES IN RESPECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL
INDENTURES. Securities of any Series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this
Article may bear, upon the direction of the Company, a notation in form
satisfactory to the Trustee for such Series as to any matter provided for by
such supplemental indenture or as to any action taken at any such meeting. If
the Company or the Trustee shall so determine, new Securities of any Series so
modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Board of
Directors, to any modification of this Indenture contained in any such
supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the
Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Securities of such Series then
outstanding.

                                    ARTICLE 9

                    CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE OR CONVEYANCE

            SECTION 9.1 COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ON CERTAIN TERMS. The
Company covenants that it will not merge or consolidate with any other
corporation or sell or convey all or substantially all of its assets to any
Person, unless (i) either the Company shall be the continuing corporation, or
the successor corporation or the Person which acquires by sale or conveyance
substantially all the assets of the Company (if other than the Company) shall be
a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America or any
State thereof and shall expressly assume the due and punctual payment of the
principal of and interest on all the Securities, according to their tenor, and
the due and punctual performance and observance of all of the covenants and
conditions of this Indenture to be performed or observed by the Company, by
supplemental indenture satisfactory to the Trustee, executed and delivered to
the Trustee by such

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<PAGE>

corporation, and (ii) the Company or such successor corporation, as the case may
be, shall not, immediately after such merger or consolidation, or such sale or
conveyance, be in default in the performance of any such covenant or condition.

            SECTION 9.2 SUCCESSOR CORPORATION SUBSTITUTED. In case of any such
consolidation, merger, sale or conveyance, and following such an assumption by
the successor corporation, such successor corporation shall succeed to and be
substituted for the Company, with the same effect as if it had been named
herein. Such successor corporation may cause to be signed, and may issue either
in its own name or in the name of the Company prior to such succession any or
all of the Securities issuable hereunder which theretofore shall not have been
signed by the Company and delivered to the Trustee; and, upon the order of such
successor corporation instead of the Company and subject to all the terms,
conditions and limitations in this Indenture prescribed, the Trustee shall
authenticate and shall deliver any Securities which previously shall have been
signed and delivered by the officers of the Company to the Trustee for
authentication, and any Securities which such successor corporation thereafter
shall cause to be signed and delivered to the Trustee for that purpose. All of
the Securities so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and
benefit under this Indenture as the Securities theretofore or thereafter issued
in accordance with the terms of this Indenture as though all of such Securities
had been issued at the date of the execution hereof.

            In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale or conveyance such
changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the
Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.

            In the event of any such sale or conveyance (other than a conveyance
by way of lease) the Company or any successor corporation which shall
theretofore have become such in the manner described in this Article shall be
discharged from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the
Securities and may be liquidated and dissolved.

            SECTION 9.3 OPINION OF COUNSEL TO TRUSTEE. The Trustee, subject to
the provisions of Sections 6.1 and 6.2, may receive an Opinion of Counsel,
prepared in accordance with Section 12.5, as conclusive evidence that any such
consolidation, merger, sale or conveyance, and any such assumption, and any such
liquidation or dissolution, complies with the applicable provisions of this
Indenture.

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<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE 10

            SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE; UNCLAIMED MONEYS

            SECTION 10.1 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE. (A) If at any
time (a) the Company shall have paid or caused to be paid the principal of and
interest on all the Securities of any Series and Coupons, if any, appertaining
thereto Outstanding hereunder (other than Securities and Coupons which have been
destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in
Section 2.9) as and when the same shall have become due and payable, or (b) the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of
any Series and Coupons theretofore authenticated (other than any Securities of
such Series and Coupons which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which
shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.9) or (c)(i) all the
Securities of such Series and Coupons not theretofore delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to
become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within
one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice
of redemption, and (ii) the Company shall have irrevocably deposited or caused
to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in cash (other
than moneys repaid by the Trustee or any Paying Agent to the Company in
accordance with Section 10.4) or U.S. Government Obligations, as defined below,
maturing as to principal and interest in such amounts and at such times as will
ensure the availability of cash sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption
all Securities of such Series and Coupons (other than any Securities of such
Series and Coupons which shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which
shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.9) not theretofore
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal and interest due
or to become due to such date of maturity as the case may be, and if, in any
such case, the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder by the Company with respect to Securities of such Series and Coupons,
then this Indenture shall cease to be of further effect with respect to
Securities of such Series and Coupons (except as to (i) rights of registration
of transfer and exchange, and the Company's right of optional redemption, (ii)
substitution of mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities and
Coupons, (iii) rights of Holders to receive payments of principal thereof and
interest thereon upon the original stated due dates therefor (but not upon
acceleration) and remaining rights of the Holders to receive mandatory sinking
fund payments, if any, (iv) the rights, obligations and immunities of the
Trustee hereunder and (v) the rights of the Securityholders of such Series as
beneficiaries hereof with respect to the property so deposited with the Trustee

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<PAGE>

payable to all or any of them), and the Trustee, on demand of the Company
accompanied by an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel and at the
cost and expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
such satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such Series;
provided, that the rights of Holders of the Securities and Holders of Coupons to
receive amounts in respect of principal of and interest on the Securities and
Coupons held by them shall not be delayed longer than required by then
applicable mandatory rules or policies of any securities exchange upon which the
Securities are listed. The Company agrees to reimburse the Trustee for any costs
or expenses thereafter reasonably and properly incurred and to compensate the
Trustee for any services thereafter reasonably and properly rendered by the
Trustee in connection with this Indenture, the Securities of such Series and
Coupons.

            (B) In addition to the provisions of Section 10.1(A), the Company
may terminate its obligations under the Securities of any Series and this
Indenture with respect to such Series, except those obligations referred to in
the penultimate paragraph of this Section 10.1, if the Company has irrevocably
deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee, under the terms of an
irrevocable trust agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee,
as trust funds in trust solely for the benefit of the Securityholders of such
Series for that purpose, (i) cash or (ii) direct noncallable obligations of, or
noncallable obligations guaranteed by, the United States or an agency thereof
for the payment of which guarantee or obligation the full faith and credit of
the United States is pledged ("U.S. Government Obligations"), or a combination
thereof, maturing as to principal and interest in such amounts and at such times
as are sufficient, without consideration of any reinvestment of such principal
or interest, to pay the principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities
of such Series and Coupons to maturity or redemption, as the case may be,
provided that the Trustee shall have been irrevocably instructed to apply such
money or the proceeds of such U.S. Government Obligations to the payment of said
principal of and interest on the Outstanding Securities and Coupons of such
Series; provided that:

            (a) such deposit shall not cause the Trustee with respect to the
Securities of that Series to have a conflicting interest as defined in Section
6.8 and for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to the Securities
of any Series;

            (b) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or
constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument
to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound; and

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<PAGE>

            (c) no Event of Default under Section 5.1(a), 5.1(b) or 5.1(c), or
event which with the lapse of time would become an Event of Default with respect
to the Securities of that Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the
date of such deposit, and no Event of Default under Section 5.1(f) or Section
5.1(g) or event which with the giving of notice or lapse of time, or both, would
become an Event of Default under Section 5.1(f) or Section 5.1(g) shall have
occurred and be continuing on the 91st day after such date of deposit.

            Such irrevocable trust agreement shall include, among other things,
provision for (1) payment of the principal of and interest on the Securities of
such Series and Coupons when due (by redemption, sinking fund payments or
otherwise), (2) the payment of the expenses of the Trustee incurred or to be
incurred in connection with carrying out such trust provisions, (3) rights of
registration, transfer, substitution and exchange of Securities of such Series
and Coupons in accordance with the terms stated in this Indenture and (4)
continuation of the rights and obligations and immunities of the Trustee as
against the Securityholders of such Series as stated in this Indenture.

            Notwithstanding the first paragraph of this Section 10.1(B), the
Company's obligations in Sections 2.8, 2.9, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 6.6, 6.10, 10.4 and
10.5 shall survive until the Securities of such Series and Coupons, if any, are
no longer Outstanding; provided, however, that the Company's obligations in
Section 5.1 shall survive only with respect to Events of Default as defined in
Sections 5.1(a), 5.1(b), and 5.1(c). Thereafter, the Company's obligations in
Sections 6.6, 10.4 and 10.5 shall survive.

            After any such irrevocable deposit, accompanied by an Officer's
Certificate which shall state that the provisions of the first two paragraphs of
this Section 10.1(B) have been complied with, and upon delivery by the Company
to the Trustee of an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that Securityholders of
such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax
purposes as a result of such deposit and discharge and will be subject to
Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same
time as would have been the case if such deposit and discharge had not occurred,
then the Company shall be discharged of its obligations under the Securities of
such Series and this Indenture with respect to such Series except for those
surviving obligations specified above, and the Trustee upon request shall
acknowledge in writing such discharge. In addition, if the Securities of that
Series are then listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., the Company shall
have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that such
deposit, deficience and discharge will not cause such Securities

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to be delisted. Prior to the delivery of such acknowledgment, the Trustee may
require the Company to deliver to it an Officer's Certificate and Opinion of
Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for herein relating
to the deposit and discharge contemplated by this provision have been complied
with, and the Trustee may also require that the Opinion of Counsel shall also
state that such deposit does not violate applicable law.

            SECTION 10.2 APPLICATION BY TRUSTEE OF FUNDS DEPOSITED FOR PAYMENT
OF SECURITIES. Subject to Section 10.4, all moneys deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Section 3.8 or 10.1 shall be held in trust and applied by it to the
payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company
acting as its own Paying Agent), to the Holders of the particular Securities of
such Series and any Coupons appertaining thereto for the payment or redemption
of which such moneys have been deposited with the Trustee, of all sums due and
to become due thereon for principal and interest; but such money need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

            SECTION 10.3 REPAYMENT OF MONEYS HELD BY PAYING AGENT. In connection
with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to Securities
of any Series or Coupons, all moneys then held by any Paying Agent under the
provisions of this Indenture with respect to such Series of Securities or
Coupons shall, upon demand of the Company, be repaid to it or paid to the
Trustee and thereupon such Paying Agent shall be released from all further
liability with respect to such moneys.

            SECTION 10.4 RETURN OF UNCLAIMED MONEYS HELD BY TRUSTEE AND PAYING
AGENT. Any moneys deposited with or paid to the Trustee or any Paying Agent for
the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of any Series or
Coupons and not applied but remaining unclaimed for two years after the date
upon which such principal or interest shall have become due and payable, shall,
upon the written request of the Company and unless otherwise required by
mandatory provisions of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property
law, be repaid to the Company by the Trustee for such Series or such Paying
Agent, and the Holder of the Security of such Series or Holders of Coupons
appertaining thereto shall, unless otherwise required by mandatory provisions of
applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property laws, thereafter look only
to the Company for any payment which such Holder may be entitled to collect, and
all liability of the Trustee or any Paying Agent with respect to such moneys
shall thereupon cease.

            SECTION 10.5 REINSTATEMENT OF COMPANY'S OBLIGATIONS. If the Trustee
is unable to apply any funds or U.S. Government

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<PAGE>

Obligations in accordance with Section 3.8 or 10.1 by reason of any legal
proceeding, or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental
authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the
Company's obligations under this Indenture and the Securities of any Series for
which such application is prohibited shall be revived and reinstated as if no
deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 3.8 or 10.1 until such time as the
Trustee is permitted to apply all such funds or U.S. Government Obligations in
accordance with Section 3.8 or 10.1; provided, however, that if the Company has
made any payment of interest on or principal of any of such Securities or
Coupons because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be
subrogated to the rights of the Securityholders of such Securities to receive
such payment from the funds or U.S. Government Obligations held by the Trustee.

                                   ARTICLE 11

                                  SUBORDINATION

            SECTION 11.1 SECURITIES SUBORDINATE TO SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS. The
Company covenants and agrees, and each Holder of a Security by such Holder's
acceptance thereof likewise covenants and agrees, that, to the extent and in the
manner hereinafter set forth in this Article Eleven, the indebtedness
represented by the Securities and the payment of any principal amount,
Redemption Price, interest and/or Original Issue Discount, if any, and any other
amounts payable as contemplated by Section 2.3 in respect of each and all of the
Securities are hereby expressly made subordinate and subject in right of payment
to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness.

            "Senior Indebtedness" means the principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest on (including any interest that accrues after or would have accrued
but for the filing of a petition initiating any proceeding pursuant to any
Bankruptcy Law, regardless of whether such interest is allowed or permitted to
the holder of such Debt against the bankruptcy or any other insolvency estate of
the Company in such proceeding) and other amounts (including fees and other
amounts payable to any agent or trustee for the holders of such Debt) due on or
in connection with any Debt incurred, assumed or guaranteed by the Company,
whether outstanding on the date of the Indenture or thereafter incurred, assumed
or guaranteed and all renewals, extensions and refunding of any such Debt;
provided, however, that the following will not constitute Senior Indebtedness:
(a) any Debt if the instrument creating the same or evidencing the same or
pursuant to which the same is outstanding expressly provides (i) that such Debt
shall not be senior in right of payment to the Securities,

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<PAGE>

or (ii) that such Debt shall be subordinated to any other Debt of the Company,
unless such instrument expressly provides that such Debt shall be senior in
right of payment to the Securities; and (b) any Debt of the Company in respect
of the Securities.

            SECTION 11.2 PAYMENT OVER OF PROCEEDS UPON DISSOLUTION, ETC. Upon
any distribution of assets of the Company in the event of:

            (a) any insolvency or bankruptcy case or proceeding, or any
receivership, liquidation, reorganization or other similar case or proceeding in
connection therewith, relative to the Company or to its creditors, as such, or
to its assets, or

            (b) any liquidation, dissolution or other winding up of the Company,
whether voluntary or involuntary and whether or not involving insolvency or
bankruptcy, or

            (c) any assignment for the benefit of creditors or any other
marshalling of assets and liabilities of the Company, then and in such event:

            (1) the holders of Senior Indebtedness shall be entitled to receive
payment in full of all amounts due or to become due on or in respect of all
Senior Indebtedness, or provision shall be made for such payment in cash, before
the Holders of the Securities are entitled to receive any payment on account of
the principal, Redemption Price, interest, if any, or any other amounts payable
as contemplated by Section 2.3 in respect of the Securities; and

            (2) any payment or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind
or character, whether in cash, property or securities, by set-off or otherwise,
to which the Holders or the Trustee would be entitled but for the provisions of
this Article Eleven, including any such payment or distribution which may be
payable or deliverable by reason of the payment of any other Debt of the Company
being subordinated to the payment of the Securities, shall be paid by the
liquidating trustee or agent or other person making such payment or
distribution, whether a trustee in bankruptcy, a receiver or liquidating trustee
or otherwise, directly to the holders of Senior Indebtedness or their
representative or representatives or to the trustee or trustees under an
indenture under which any instruments evidencing any of such Senior Indebtedness
may have been issued, ratably according to the aggregate amounts remaining
unpaid on account of the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on the
Senior Indebtedness held or represented by each, to the extent necessary to make
payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid, after giving effect
to any

                                       85
<PAGE>

concurrent payment or distribution to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness.

            In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this
Section 11.2, the Trustee or the Holder of any Security shall receive any
payment or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character,
whether in cash, property or securities, including any such payment or
distribution which may be payable or deliverable by reason of the payment of any
other Debt of the Company being subordinated to the payment of the Securities,
before all Senior Indebtedness is paid in full or payment thereof provided for,
and if such fact shall then have been made known to the Trustee, or, as the case
may be, such Holder, then and in such event such payment or distribution shall
be paid over or delivered forthwith to the trustee in bankruptcy, receiver,
liquidating trustee, Custodian, assignee, agent or other person making payment
or distribution of assets of the Company for application to the payment of all
Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid, to the extent necessary to pay all Senior
Indebtedness in full, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or
distribution to or for the holders of Senior Indebtedness.

            For purposes of this Article Eleven only, the words "cash, property
or securities" shall not be deemed to include shares of Capital Stock of the
Company as reorganized or readjusted, or securities of the Company or any other
corporation provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment the payment
of which is subordinated, at least to the extent provided in this Article Eleven
with respect to the Securities, to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness which
may at the time be outstanding; provided, however, that (i) Senior Indebtedness
is assumed by the new corporation, if any, resulting from any such
reorganization or readjustment, and (ii) the rights of the holders of the Senior
Indebtedness are not, without the consent of such holders, altered by such
reorganization or readjustment.

            The consolidation of the Company with, or the merger of the Company
into, another corporation or the liquidation or dissolution of the Company
following the conveyance or transfer of its properties and assets substantially
as an entirety to another person upon the terms and conditions set forth in
Article Nine shall not be deemed a dissolution, winding up, liquidation,
reorganization, assignment for the benefit of creditors or marshalling of assets
and liabilities of the Company for the purposes of this Section 11.2 if the
corporation formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or
the person which acquires by conveyance or transfer the properties and assets of
the Company substantially as an entirety, as the case may be, shall, as a part
of such consolidation, merger,

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<PAGE>

conveyance or transfer, comply with the conditions set forth in Article Nine.

            SECTION 11.3 ACCELERATION OF SECURITIES. In the event that any
Securities are declared due and payable before their Stated Maturity pursuant to
Section 5.1, then and in such event the Company shall promptly notify holders of
Senior Indebtedness, if any, of such acceleration. If any Senior Indebtedness
shall be Outstanding, the Company may not pay the Securities until 179 days have
passed after such acceleration occurs and may thereafter pay the Securities if
this Article Eleven permits the payment at that time.

            In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall
make any payment to the Trustee or the Holder of any Securities prohibited by
the foregoing provisions of this Section 11.3, and if such facts then shall have
been known or thereafter shall have been made known to the Trustee as provided
in Section 11.10 or such Holder, as the case may be, pursuant to the terms of
this Indenture, then and in such event such payment shall be paid over and
delivered forthwith to the Company by or on behalf of the person holding such
payment for the benefit of the holders of Senior Indebtedness.

            The provisions of this Section 11.3 shall not apply to any payment
with respect to which Section 11.2 would be applicable.

            SECTION 11.4 DEFAULT ON SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS. The Company may not
make any payment of the principal, Redemption Price, interest, if any, or any
other amount payable as contemplated by Section 2.3 in respect of the Securities
and may not acquire any Securities for cash or property (other than for Capital
Stock or other securities of the Company, provided that any such securities
which evidence any indebtedness of the Company shall be subordinated to Senior
Indebtedness to at least the same extent as provided in this Article Eleven) if:

            (1) a default on Senior Indebtedness occurs and is continuing that
permits holders of such Senior Indebtedness to accelerate its maturity; and

            (2) the default is the subject of judicial proceedings or the
Company receives a notice of default thereof from any person who may give such
notice pursuant to the instrument evidencing or document governing such Senior
Indebtedness. If the Company receives any such notice, then a similar notice
received within nine months thereafter relating to the same default on the same
issue of Senior Indebtedness shall not be effective for purposes of this Section
11.4.

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<PAGE>

            The Company may resume payments on the Securities and may acquire
Securities if and when:

            (A) the default is cured or waived; or

            (B) 179 or more days pass after the receipt by the Company of the
notice described in clause (2) above and the default is not then the subject of
judicial proceedings; and

            this Article Eleven otherwise permits the payment or acquisition at
that time.

            In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall
make any payment to the Trustee or the Holder of any Security prohibited by the
foregoing provisions of this Section 11.4, and if such fact taken shall have
been known or thereafter shall have been made known to the Trustee or such
Holder, as the case may be, pursuant to the terms of this Indenture, then and in
such event such payment shall be paid over and delivered forthwith to the
Company by or on behalf of the person holding such payment for the benefit of
the holders of the Senior Indebtedness.

            The provisions of this Section 11.4 shall not apply to any payment
with respect to which Section 11.2 would be applicable.

            SECTION 11.5 PAYMENT PERMITTED IF NO DEFAULT. Nothing contained in
this Article Eleven or elsewhere in this Indenture or in any of the Securities
shall prevent (a) the Company, at any time except during the pendency of any
case, proceeding, dissolution, liquidation or other winding up, assignment for
the benefit of creditors or other marshalling of assets and liabilities of the
Company referred to in Section 11.2 or under the conditions described in Section
11.3 or 11.4, from making payments at any time of the principal, Redemption
Price, interest, if any, or any other amounts payable, as the case may be, in
respect of the Securities or (b) the application by the Trustee or the retention
by any Holder of any money deposited with it hereunder to the payment of or on
account of the principal, Redemption Price, interest, if any, or any other
amounts payable, as the case may be, in respect of the Securities if the Trustee
did not have, at the time provided in the proviso to the first paragraph of
Section 11.10, notice that such payment would have been prohibited by the
provisions of this Article Eleven.

            SECTION 11.6 SUBROGATION TO RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF SENIOR
INDEBTEDNESS. Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness, the
Holders of the Securities shall be

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subrogated to the extent of the payments or distributions made to the holders of
such Senior Indebtedness pursuant to the provisions of this Article Eleven to
the rights of the holders of such Senior Indebtedness to receive payments or
distributions of cash, property or securities applicable to the Senior
Indebtedness until the principal, Redemption Price, interest, if any, or other
amounts payable as contemplated by Section 2.3, as the case may be, in respect
of the Securities shall be paid in full. For purposes of such subrogation, no
payments or distributions to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of any cash,
property or securities to which the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee
would be entitled except for the provisions of this Article Eleven, and no
payments pursuant to the provisions of this Article Eleven to the Company or to
the holders of Senior Indebtedness by Holders of the Securities or the Trustee,
shall, as between the Company, its creditors other than holders of Senior
Indebtedness and the Holders of the Securities, be deemed to be a payment or
distribution by the Company to or on account of the Senior Indebtedness.

            SECTION 11.7 PROVISIONS SOLELY TO DEFINE RELATIVE RIGHTS. The
provisions of this Article Eleven are and are intended solely for the purpose of
defining the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities, on one hand, and
the holders of Senior Indebtedness, on the other hand. Nothing contained in this
Article Eleven or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities is intended
to or shall:

            (a) impair, as between the Company and the Holders of the
Securities, the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional,
to pay to the Holders of the Securities the principal, Redemption Price and
interest, if any, or any other amount payable as contemplated by Section 2.3, as
the case may be, in respect of the Securities as and when the same shall become
due and payable in accordance with the terms of the Securities and this
Indenture and which, subject to the rights under this Article Eleven of the
holders of Senior Indebtedness, is intended to rank equally with all other
general obligations of the Company; or

            (b) affect the relative rights against the Company or the Holders of
the Securities and creditors of the Company other than holders of Senior
Indebtedness; or

            (c) prevent the Trustee or the Holder of any Security from
exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default under
this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article Eleven of the
holders of Senior Indebtedness to receive cash, property or securities otherwise
payable or deliverable to the Trustee or such Holder.

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            SECTION 11.8 TRUSTEE TO EFFECTUATE SUBORDINATION. Each Holder of a
Security by such Holder's acceptance thereof authorizes and directs the Trustee
on such Holder's behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate
to effectuate the subordination provided in this Article Eleven and appoints the
Trustee such Holder's attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes.

            SECTION 11.9 NO WAIVER OF SUBORDINATION PROVISIONS. No right of any
present or future holder of any Senior Indebtedness to enforce subordination as
herein provided shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired by any
act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act or failure to
act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by the Company
with the terms, provisions and covenants of this Indenture, regardless of any
knowledge thereof any such holder may have or be otherwise charged with.

            Without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing
paragraph, the holders of Senior Indebtedness may, at any time and from time to
time, without the consent of, or notice to, the Trustee or the Holders of the
Securities, without incurring responsibility to the Holders of the Securities
and without impairing or releasing the subordination provided in this Article
Eleven or the obligations hereunder of the Holders of the Securities to the
holders of Senior Indebtedness, do any one or more of the following: (i) change
the manner, place or terms of payment or extend the time of payment of, or renew
or alter, Senior Indebtedness, or otherwise amend or supplement in any manner
Senior Indebtedness or any instrument evidencing the same or any agreement under
which Senior Indebtedness is outstanding; (ii) sell, exchange, release or
otherwise dispose of any property pledged, mortgaged or otherwise securing
Senior Indebtedness; (iii) release any person liable in any manner for the
collection of Senior Indebtedness; and (iv) exercise or refrain from exercising
any rights against the Company or any other person.

            SECTION 11.10 NOTICE TO TRUSTEE. The Company shall give prompt
written notice to the Trustee of any fact known to the Company which would
prohibit the making of any payment to or by the Trustee in respect of the
Securities or that would permit the resumption of any such payment. Failure to
give such notice shall not affect the subordination of the Securities to Senior
Indebtedness. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article Eleven or any other
provision of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of
the existence of any facts which would prohibit the making of any payment to or
by the Trustee in respect of the Securities or that would permit the resumption
of any such payment, unless and until the Trustee shall have received written
notice thereof from the Company or a

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holder of Senior Indebtedness or from any trustee or agent therefor; and, prior
to the receipt of any such written notice, the Trustee, subject to the
provisions of Section 6.1, shall be entitled in all respects to assume that no
such facts exist; provided, however, that if a Responsible Officer of the
Trustee shall not have received, at least three Business Days prior to the date
upon which by the terms hereof any such money may become payable for any purpose
(including, without limitation, the payment of the principal, Redemption Price,
interest, if any, or any other amount payable as contemplated by Section 2.3, as
the case may be, in respect of any Security), the notice with respect to such
money provided for in this Section 11.10, then, anything herein contained to the
contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full power and authority to
receive such money and to apply the same to the purpose for which such money was
received and shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary which may be
received by it within three Business Days prior to such date.

            Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall be
entitled to rely on the delivery to it of a written notice by a person
representing himself to be a holder of Senior Indebtedness (or a trustee or
agent on behalf of such holder) to establish that such notice has been given by
a holder of Senior Indebtedness (or a trustee or agent on behalf of any such
holder). In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that further
evidence is required with respect to the right of any person as a holder of
Senior Indebtedness to participate in any payment or distribution pursuant to
this Article Eleven, the Trustee may request such person to furnish evidence to
the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amount of Senior
Indebtedness held by such person, the extent to which such person is entitled to
participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the
rights of such person under this Article Eleven, and if such evidence is not
furnished, the Trustee may defer any payment which it may be required to make
for the benefit of such person pursuant to the terms of this Indenture pending
judicial determination as to the right of such person to receive such payment.

            SECTION 11.11 RELIANCE ON JUDICIAL ORDER OR CERTIFICATE OF
LIQUIDATING AGENT. Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company
referred to in this Article Eleven, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
Section 6.1, and the Holders of the Securities shall be entitled to rely upon
any order or decree entered by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such
insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution,
winding up or similar case or proceeding is pending, or a certificate of the
trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, Custodian, receiver, assignee for
the benefit of creditors, agent or other person making such

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<PAGE>

payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders of
Securities, for the purpose of ascertaining the persons entitled to participate
in such payment or distribution, the holders of Senior Indebtedness and other
indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount
or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or
to this Article Eleven.

            SECTION 11.12 TRUSTEE NOT FIDUCIARY FOR HOLDERS OF SENIOR
INDEBTEDNESS. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the
holders of Senior Indebtedness shall not be liable to any such holders if the
Trustee shall in good faith mistakenly pay over or distribute to Holders of
Securities or to the Company or to any others person cash, property or
securities to which any holders of Senior Indebtedness shall be entitled by
virtue of this Article Eleven or otherwise. The Trustee shall not be charged
with knowledge of the existence of Senior Indebtedness or of any facts that
would prohibit any payment hereunder or that would permit the resumption of any
such payment unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have received
notice to that effect at the address of the Trustee set forth in Section 12.4.
With respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness, the Trustee undertakes to
perform or to observe only such of its covenants or obligations as are
specifically set forth in this Article Eleven and no implied covenants or
obligations with respect to holders of Senior Indebtedness shall be read into
this Indenture against the Trustee.

            SECTION 11.13 RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE AS HOLDER OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS;
PRESERVATION OF TRUSTEE'S RIGHTS. The Trustee in its individual capacity shall
be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article Eleven with respect to
any Senior Indebtedness which may at any time be held by it, to the same extent
as any other holder of Senior Indebtedness, and nothing in this Indenture shall
deprive the Trustee of any of its rights as such holder.

            Nothing in this Article Eleven shall apply to claims of, or payments
to, the Trustee under or pursuant to Section 6.6.

            SECTION 11.14 ARTICLE ELEVEN APPLICABLE TO PAYING AGENTS. In case at
any time any Paying Agent other than the Trustee shall have been appointed by
the Company and be then acting hereunder, the term "Trustee" as used in this
Article Eleven shall in such case (unless the context otherwise requires) be
construed as extending to and including such Paying Agent within its meaning as
fully for all intents and purposes as if such Paying Agent were named in this
Article Eleven in addition to or in place of the Trustee; provided, however,
that Sections

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<PAGE>

11.10 and 11.12 shall not apply to the Company or any affiliate of the Company
if it or such affiliate acts as Paying Agent.

                                   ARTICLE 12

                            MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

            SECTION 12.1 INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF
COMPANY EXEMPT FROM INDIVIDUAL LIABILITY. No recourse under or upon any
obligation, covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture, in any Security
or Coupon appertaining thereto, or because of any indebtedness evidenced
thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, as such, or against any past,
present or future stockholder, officer or director, as such of the Company or of
any successor, either directly or through the Company or any successor, under
any rule of law, statute or constitutional provision or by the enforcement of
any assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding or otherwise, all such
liability being expressly waived and released by the acceptance of the
Securities by the Holders thereof and as part of the consideration for the issue
of the Securities.

            SECTION 12.2 PROVISIONS OF INDENTURE FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF PARTIES
AND SECURITYHOLDERS. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, expressed
or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, firm or
corporation, other than the parties hereto, any Paying Agent and their
successors hereunder and the Holders of the Securities and Coupons, if any, any
legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture or under any
covenant or provision herein contained, all such covenants and provisions being
for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and their successors and of the
Holders of the Securities.

            SECTION 12.3 SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS OF COMPANY BOUND BY INDENTURE.
All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture
contained by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns,
whether so expressed or not.

            SECTION 12.4 NOTICES AND DEMANDS ON COMPANY, TRUSTEE AND
SECURITYHOLDERS. Any notice or demand which by any provision of this Indenture
is required or permitted to be given or served by the Trustee, by the Holders of
Securities, or by the Holders of Coupons to or on the Company may be given or
served by being deposited postage prepaid, first class mail (except as otherwise
specifically provided herein) addressed (until another address of the Company is
filed by the Company with the Trustee) to Enhance

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Financial Services Group Inc., 335 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017,
Attention: General Counsel, except that any notices required or permitted to be
given under Section 5.1 hereof shall be given or served by registered or
certified mail only. Any notice, direction, request or demand by the Company or
any Securityholder to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been
sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made at the Corporate
Trust Office.

            Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event,
(1) if any of the Securities affected by such event are Registered Securities,
such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly
provided) if in writing and mailed by first-class mail, postage prepaid to such
Registered Holders as their names and addresses appear in the Security register
within the time prescribed and (2) if any of the Securities affected by such
event are Unregistered Securities, such notice shall be sufficiently given
(unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if published once in a newspaper,
in an official language of the country of publication or in English, customarily
published on each Business Day, and of general circulation in New York, New York
and London, England and in such other city or cities as may be specified in such
Securities within the time prescribed. Where successive notices are required in
respect of Unregistered Securities, such notices may be made in the same or in
different newspapers, each meeting the foregoing requirements in the same city
on successive Business Days. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any
manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive
such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the
equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the
Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of
any action taken in reliance upon such waiver. In any case where notice to
Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any
defect in any notice so mailed to any particular Holder shall affect the
sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders, and any notice which
is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have
been duly given.

            In case, by reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular
mail service, it shall be impracticable to mail notice to the Company and
Securityholders when such notice is required to be given pursuant to any
provision of this Indenture, then any manner of giving such notice as shall be
satisfactory to the Trustee shall be deemed to be a sufficient giving of such
notice.

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<PAGE>

            SECTION 12.5 OFFICER'S CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS OF COUNSEL;
STATEMENTS TO BE CONTAINED THEREIN. Upon any application or demand by the
Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this
Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate
stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to
the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating
that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been
complied with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to
which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision
of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no
additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.

            Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and
delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant
provided for in this Indenture shall include (a) a statement that the person
making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition, (b) a
brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation
upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion
are based, (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such
examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an
informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been
complied with and (d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such
person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

            Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Company
may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or
opinion of or representations by counsel, unless such officer knows that the
certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which
his certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous,
or in the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous.
Any certificate, statement or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as it
relates to factual matters, information with respect to which is in the
possession of the Company, upon the certificate, statement or opinion of or
representations by an officer or officers of the Company, unless such counsel
knows that the certificate, statement or opinion or representations with respect
to the matters upon which his certificate, statement or opinion may be based as
aforesaid are erroneous, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know that
the same are erroneous.

            Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Company
or of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to

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<PAGE>

accounting matters, upon a certificate or opinion of or representations by an
accountant or firm of accountants in the employ of the Company, unless such
officer or counsel, as the case may be, knows that the certificate or opinion or
representations with respect to the accounting matters upon which his
certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in
the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous.

            Any certificate or opinion of any independent firm of public
accountants filed with the Trustee shall contain a statement that such firm is
independent.

            SECTION 12.6 PAYMENTS DUE ON SATURDAYS, SUNDAYS AND HOLIDAYS. If the
date of maturity of interest on or principal or premium, if any, of the
Securities of any Series or Coupons appertaining thereto or the date fixed for
redemption or repayment of any such Security or Coupon shall not be a Business
Day, then payment of interest, principal or premium if any, need not be made on
such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the same
force and effect as if made on the date of maturity or the date fixed for
redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the period after such date.

            SECTION 12.7 CONFLICT OF ANY PROVISION OF INDENTURE WITH TRUST
INDENTURE ACT OF 1939. If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture
limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision included in this Indenture
which is required to be included herein by any of Sections 310 to 317,
inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, such required provision shall
control.

            SECTION 12.8 NEW YORK LAW TO GOVERN. THIS INDENTURE AND EACH
SECURITY SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE A CONTRACT UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW
YORK, AND FOR ALL PURPOSES SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF
SUCH STATE.

            SECTION 12.9 COUNTERPARTS. This Indenture may be executed in any
number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original; but such
counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

            SECTION 12.10 EFFECT OF HEADINGS. The Article and Section headings
herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect
the construction hereof.

            SECTION 12.11 DETERMINATION OF PRINCIPAL AMOUNT. In determining
whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities
of any Series have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent or waiver

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<PAGE>

hereunder, or whether sufficient funds are available for redemption or for any
other purpose, the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that
shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the
principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such
determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof
pursuant to Section 5.1 and the principal amount of any Securities denominated
in a Foreign Currency or ECU that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such
purposes shall be determined by converting the Foreign Currency or the specified
amount of each Component Currency into Dollars at the Market Exchange Rate as of
the date of such determination.

                                   ARTICLE 13
                   REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUNDS

            SECTION 13.1  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.  The provisions
of this Article shall be applicable to the Securities of any Series which are
redeemable before their maturity or to any sinking fund for the retirement of
Securities of a Series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section
2.3 for Securities of such Series.

            SECTION 13.2 NOTICE OF REDEMPTION; PARTIAL REDEMPTIONS. Notice of
redemption to the Holders of Securities of any Series to be redeemed as a whole
or in part at the option of the Company shall be given by giving notice of such
redemption as provided in Section 12.4, at least 30 days and not more than 60
days prior to the date fixed for redemption to such Holders of Securities of
such Series. Failure to give notice by mail, or any defect in the notice to the
Holder of any Security of a Series designated for redemption as a whole or in
part shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any
other Security of such Series.

            The notice of redemption to each such Holder shall specify the date
fixed for redemption, the redemption price, the place or places of payment, that
payment will be made upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, and
that, unless otherwise specified in such notice, Coupon Securities, if any,
surrendered for payment must be accompanied by all Coupons maturing subsequent
to the redemption date, failing which the amount of any such missing Coupon or
Coupons will be deducted from the sum due for payment, that such redemption is
pursuant to the mandatory or optional sinking fund, or both, if such be the
case, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as
specified in such notice and that on and after said date interest thereon or on
the portions thereof to be redeemed

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<PAGE>

will cease to accrue and that, if less than all of the Outstanding Securities of
a Series are to be redeemed, the identification and principal amount of the
Securities to be redeemed. In case any Security of a Series is to be redeemed in
part, the notice of redemption shall state the portion of the principal amount
thereof to be redeemed and shall state that on and after the date fixed for
redemption, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of
such Series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be
issued.

            The notice of redemption of Securities of any Series to be redeemed
at the option of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's
request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.

            On or prior to the redemption date specified in the notice of
redemption given as provided in this Section, the Company will deposit with the
Trustee or with one or more paying agents (or, if the Company is acting as its
own paying agent, set aside, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section
3.4) an amount of money sufficient to redeem on the redemption date all the
Securities of such Series so called for redemption at the appropriate redemption
price, together with accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption. If less
than all the Outstanding Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Company
will deliver to the Trustee at least 60 days prior to the date fixed for
redemption an Officer's Certificate stating the aggregate principal amount of
Securities to be redeemed.

            If less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the
Trustee shall select, in such manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair,
Securities of such Series to be redeemed in whole in part. Securities may be
redeemed in part in multiples equal to the minimum authorized denomination for
Securities of such Series or any multiple thereof. The Trustee shall promptly
notify the Company in writing of the Securities of such Series selected for
redemption and, in the case of any Securities of such Series selected for
partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. For all
purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all
provisions relating to the redemption of Securities of any Series shall relate,
in the case of any Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the
portion of the principal amount of such Security which has been or is to be
redeemed.

            SECTION 13.3 PAYMENT OF SECURITIES CALLED FOR REDEMPTION. If notice
of redemption has been given as above provided, the Securities or portions of
Securities specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and
at the

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<PAGE>

place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price together with
interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption, and on and after said date
(unless the Company shall default in the payment of such Securities at the
redemption price, together with interest accrued to said date) interest on the
Securities or portions of Securities so called for redemption shall cease to
accrue and, except as provided in Sections 6.5 and 10.4, such Securities shall
cease from and after the date fixed for redemption to be entitled to any benefit
or security under this Indenture, and the Holders thereof shall have no right in
respect of such Securities except the right to receive the redemption price
thereof and unpaid interest to the date fixed for redemption. On presentation
and surrender of such Securities at a place of payment specified in said notice,
said Securities or the specified portions thereof shall be paid and redeemed by
the Company at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued
thereon to the date fixed for redemption; provided that any semiannual payment
of interest on Registered Securities becoming due on the date fixed for
redemption shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities registered as such
on the relevant record date subject to the terms and provisions of Section 2.7
hereof.

            If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal shall, until paid or duly
provided for, bear interest from the date fixed or redemption at the rate of
interest borne by the Security.

            Upon presentation of any Security redeemed in part only and the
Coupons appertaining thereto, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver to or on the order of the Holder thereof, at the
expense of the Company, a new Security or Securities and the Coupons
appertaining thereto, of authorized denominations, in principal amount equal to
the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.

            SECTION 13.4 EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN SECURITIES FROM ELIGIBILITY FOR
SELECTION FOR REDEMPTION. Securities shall be excluded from eligibility for
selection for redemption if they are identified by registration and certificate
number in a written statement signed by an authorized officer of the Company and
delivered to the Trustee at least 60 days prior to the last date on which notice
of redemption may be given as being owned of record and beneficially by, and not
pledged or hypothecated by, either (a) the Company or (b) an entity specifically
identified in such written statement directly or indirectly controlling or
controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company.

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            SECTION 13.5 MANDATORY AND OPTIONAL SINKING FUNDS. The minimum
amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of
any Series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund payment," and any
payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities
of any Series is herein referred to as an "optional sinking fund payment." The
date on which a sinking fund payment is to be made is herein referred to as the
"sinking fund payment date."

            In lieu of making all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund
payment with respect to any Series of Securities in cash, the Company may at its
option (a) deliver to the Trustee Securities of such Series theretofore
purchased or otherwise acquired (except upon redemption pursuant to the
mandatory sinking fund) by the Company or receive credit for Securities of such
Series (not previously so credited) theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired
(except as aforesaid) by the Company and delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation pursuant to Section 2.10, (b) receive credit for optional sinking
fund payments (not previously so credited) made pursuant to this Section, or (c)
receive credit for Securities of such Series (not previously so credited)
redeemed by the Company through any optional redemption provision contained in
the terms of such Series. Securities so delivered or credited shall be received
or credited by the Trustee at the sinking fund redemption price specified in
such Securities.

            On or before the sixtieth day next preceding each sinking fund
payment date for any Series, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an
Officer's Certificate (a) specifying the portion of the mandatory sinking fund
payment to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion to be satisfied by
credit of Securities of such Series, (b) stating that none of the Securities of
such Series has theretofore been so credited, (c) stating that no defaults in
the payment of interest or Events of Default with respect to such Series have
occurred (which have not been waived or cured) and are continuing, (d) stating
whether or not the Company intends to exercise its right to make an optional
sinking fund payment with respect to such Series and, if so, specifying the
amount of such optional sinking fund payment which the Company intends to pay on
or before the next succeeding sinking fund payment date and (e) specifying such
sinking fund payment date. Any Securities of such Series to be credited and
required to be delivered to the Trustee in order for the Company to be entitled
to credit therefor as aforesaid which have not theretofore been delivered to the
Trustee shall be delivered for cancellation pursuant to Section 2.10 to the
Trustee with such written statement (or reasonably promptly thereafter if
acceptable to the Trustee). Such written statement shall be irrevocable and upon
its receipt by the Trustee the Company shall

                                       100
<PAGE>

become unconditionally obligated to make all the cash payments or payments
therein referred to, if any, on or before the next succeeding sinking fund
payment date. Failure of the Company, on or before any such sixtieth day to
deliver such written statement and Securities specified in this paragraph, if
any, shall not constitute a default but shall constitute, on and as of such
date, the irrevocable election of the Company (i) that the mandatory sinking
fund payment for such Series due on the next succeeding sinking fund payment
date shall be paid entirely in cash without the option to deliver or credit
Securities of such Series in respect thereof and (ii) that the Company will make
no optional sinking fund payment with respect to such Series as provided in this
Section.

            If the sinking fund payment or payments (mandatory or optional or
both) to be made in cash on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date plus
any unused balance of any preceding sinking fund payments made in cash shall
exceed $50,000 (or a lesser sum if the Company shall so request) with respect to
the Securities of any particular Series, such cash shall be applied on the next
succeeding sinking fund payment date to the redemption of Securities of such
Series at the sinking fund redemption price together with accrued interest to
the date fixed for redemption. If such amount shall be $50,000 or less and the
Company makes no such request then it shall be carried over until a sum in
excess of $50,000 is available. The Trustee shall select, in the manner provided
in Section 13.2, for redemption on such sinking fund payment date a sufficient
principal amount of Securities of such Series to absorb said cash, as nearly as
may be possible, and shall (if requested in writing by the Company) inform the
Company of the serial numbers of the Securities of such Series (or portions
thereof) so selected. Securities of any Series which are identified by
registration and certificate number in an Officer's Certificate at least 60 days
prior to the sinking fund payment date as being beneficially owned by, and not
pledged or hypothecated by, the Company or an entity directly or indirectly
controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the
Company shall be excluded from Securities of such Series eligible for selection
for redemption. The Trustee, in the name and at the expense of the Company (or
the Company, if it shall so notify the Trustee in writing) shall cause notice of
redemption of the Securities of such Series to be given in substantially the
manner provided in Section 13.2 (and with the effect provided in Section 13.3)
for the redemption of Securities of such Series in part at the option of the
Company. The amount of any sinking fund payments not so applied or allocated to
the redemption of Securities of such Series shall be added to the next cash
sinking fund payment for such Series and, together with such payment, shall be
applied in accordance with the provisions of this Section. Any and all sinking
fund moneys

                                       101
<PAGE>

held on the stated maturity date of the Securities of any particular Series (or
earlier, if such maturity is accelerated), which are not held for the payment or
redemption of particular Securities of such Series shall be applied, together
with other moneys, if necessary, sufficient for the purpose, to the payment of
the principal of, and interest on, the Securities of such Series at maturity.

      On or before each sinking fund payment date, the Company shall pay to the
Trustee in cash or shall otherwise provide for the payment of all interest
accrued to the date fixed for redemption on Securities to be redeemed on such
sinking fund payment date.

            The Trustee shall not redeem or cause to be redeemed any Securities
of a Series with sinking fund moneys or mail or publish any notice of redemption
of Securities for such Series by operation of the sinking fund during the
continuance of a default in payment of interest on such Securities or of any
Event of Default except that, where the mailing or publication of notice of
redemption of any Securities shall theretofore have been made, the Trustee shall
redeem or cause to be redeemed such Securities, provided that it shall have
received from the Company a sum sufficient for such redemption. Except as
aforesaid, any moneys in the sinking fund for such Series at the time when any
such default or Event of Default shall occur, and any moneys thereafter paid
into the sinking fund, shall, during the continuance of such default or Event of
Default, be deemed to have been collected under Article Five and held for the
payment of all such Securities. In case such Event of Default shall have been
waived as provided in Section 5.10 or the default cured on or before the
sixtieth day preceding the sinking fund payment date in any year, such moneys
shall thereafter be applied on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date in
accordance with this Section to the redemption of such Securities.

                                       102
<PAGE>

            IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to
be duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereto affixed and
attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

ATTEST                                       ENHANCE FINANCIAL SERVICES
                                             GROUP INC.

By:__________________________
     Name:                                   By:____________________________
     Title:                                       Name:
                                                  Title:
[CORPORATE SEAL]

ATTEST:
                                             BankOne Trust Company, NA,
                                             as Trustee
By:__________________________
     Name:                                   By:____________________________
     Title:                                       Name:
                                                  Title:
[CORPORATE SEAL]

                                       103
<PAGE>

STATE OF NEW YORK    )
                     )  ss.:
COUNTY OF NEW YORK   )

     On this __th day of 1998, before me personally came ____________, to me
personally known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that he
resides at , ___________________, _____________; that he is the _________ of
Enhance Financial Services Group Inc., one of the corporations described in and
which executed the above instrument; that he knows the corporate seal of said
corporation; that the seal affixed to said instrument is such corporate seal;
that it was so affixed by authority of the Board of Directors of said
corporation; and that he signed his name thereto by like authority.

[NOTARIAL SEAL]

                                          ----------------------------
                                                 Notary Public

STATE OF NEW YORK    )
                     )  ss.:
COUNTY OF NEW YORK   )

On this __th day of __________ 1998 , before me personally came ___________, to
me personally known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that he
resides at ______________; that he is a _____________ of ________________, one
of the corporations described in and which executed the above instrument; that
he knows the corporate seal of said corporation; that the seal affixed to said
instrument is such corporate seal; that it was so affixed by authority of the
Board of Directors of said corporation, and that he signed his name thereto by
like authority.

[NOTARIAL SEAL]

                                          ----------------------------
                                                 Notary Public

                                       104
<PAGE>

                                                                     Exhibit A-1

                       [FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY
                   PERSON ENTITLED TO RECEIVE BEARER SECURITY]

                                   CERTIFICATE

                      ENHANCE FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP INC.

                   [Description of Securities to be delivered]

            This is to certify that the above-captioned Securities are not being
acquired by or on behalf of a United States Person or by persons who have
purchase such Securities for offer to resell or resale to any U.S. Persons or
any person in the United States or, if a beneficial interest in the Securities
is being acquired by or on behalf of a United States Person, that such person is
a financial institution within the meaning of Section 1.1.65-12(c)(1)(v) of the
United States Treasury regulations which agrees to comply with the requirements
of Section 165(j)(3)(A), (B) or (C) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended, and the regulations thereunder and which is not purchasing for offer to
resell or resale inside the United States. If the undersigned is a dealer, the
undersigned agrees to obtain a similar certificate from each person entitled to
delivery of any of the above-captioned Securities in bearer form purchased from
it; provided, however, that if the undersigned has actual knowledge that the
information contained in such a certificate is false, the undersigned will not
deliver a Security in temporary or definitive bearer form to the person who
signed such certificate notwithstanding the delivery of such certificate to the
undersigned.

            As used herein, "United States Person" means any citizen or resident
of the United States of America (including the States an the District of
Columbia) and its territories, its possessions and all areas subject to its
jurisdiction ("United States"), including any corporation, partnership or other
entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any
political subdivision thereof and any estate or trust which is subject to United
States federal income taxation regardless of the source of its income.

            We undertake to advise you by telex if the above statement as to
beneficial ownership is not correct on the date of delivery of the
above-captioned Securities in bearer form as to all of such Securities.

                                      A-1-1
<PAGE>

            We understand that this certificate is required in connection with
United States securities and tax laws. We irrevocably authorize you to produce
this certificate or a copy hereof to any interested party in any administrative
or legal proceedings or official inquiry with respect to the matters covered by
this certificate.

Dated: ____________, 19__
[To be dated on or after
____________, 19__ (the date
determined pursuant to the
Indenture)]

                                    [Name of person entitled to
                                    receive Security]

                                    By:______________________________

                                      A-1-2
<PAGE>

                                                                     Exhibit A-2

                 [FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY EURO-CLEAR
                 AND CEDEL S.A. IN CONNECTION WITH THE EXCHANGE
                  OF A PORTION OF A TEMPORARY GLOBAL SECURITY]

                                   CERTIFICATE

                      ENHANCE FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP INC.

                   [Description of Securities to be delivered]

This is to certify with respect to $     principal amount of the above-captioned
Securities (i) that we have received from each of the persons appearing in our
records as persons being entitled to a portion of such principal amount (our
"Qualified Account Holders") a certificate with respect to such portion
substantially in the form attached hereto and (ii) that we are not submitting
herewith for exchange any portion of the temporary global Security representing
the above-captioned Securities excepted in such certificate or certificates.

We further certify that as of the date hereof we have not received any
notification from any of our Qualified Account Holders to the effect that the
statements made by such Qualified Account Holders with respect to any portion of
the part of the Global Security submitted herewith for exchange are no longer
true and cannot be relied upon as of the date hereof.

Dated: 19__
(To be dated no earlier than
the Exchange Date)

                                    [MORGAN GUARANTY TRUST COMPANY OF
                                    NEW YORK, Brussels Office, as
                                    Operator of the Euro-clear System]

                                    [CEDEL S.A.]

                                    By:_______________________________
<PAGE>

                                                                     Exhibit A-3

                 [FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY EURO-CLEAR
          AND CEDEL S.A. TO OBTAIN INTEREST PRIOR TO AN EXCHANGE DATE]

                                   CERTIFICATE

                      ENHANCE FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP INC.
           [Description of Securities on which interest is to be paid]

This is to certify with respect to the above-captioned Securities or, with
respect to payments on any global security representing Securities, the
principal amount of any global security listed below that we have received from
each of the persons appearing in our records as persons being entitled to
receive payments with respect thereto (our "Qualified Account Holders") a
certificate with respect to such Qualified Account Holders substantially in the
form attached hereto.

We further certify that as of the date hereof we have not received any
notification from any of our Qualified Account Holders to the effect that the
statements made by such Qualified Account Holders with respect to any Security
or interest in any global security listed above are no longer true and cannot be
relied upon as of the date hereof.

Dated: ______________, 19__
(To be dated no earlier than the
relevant Interest Payment Date)

                                    MORGAN GUARANTY TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK,
                                    Brussels Office, as Operator of the
                                    Euro-clear System]

                                    [CEDEL S.A.]

                                    By:_______________________________________
<PAGE>

                                                                     Exhibit A-4

                                   CERTIFICATE

              [FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY BENEFICIAL OWNERS
                 TO OBTAIN INTEREST PRIOR TO ANY EXCHANGE DATE)
                      ENHANCE FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP INC.

           [Description of Securities on which interest is to be paid]

This is to certify that as of the Interest Payment Date on (Insert Date)and
except as provided in the second paragraph hereof, none of the above-captioned
Securities held by you for our account or any interest in any global security
representing the such Securities was beneficially owned by a United States
Person (as defined below) or by persons who have purchased such Securities for
offer to resell or resale to any United States Persons or any person in the
United States or, if any of such Securities held by you for our account were
beneficially owned by a United States Person, such United States Person either
provided an Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 with respect to such interest
payment or certified with respect to such interest payment that it was an exempt
recipient as defined in Section 1.6049-4(c)(1)(ii) of the United States Treasury
regulations.

This certificate excepts and does not relate to $______ principal amount of the
above-captioned Securities or an interest in a global security representing the
Securities appearing in your books as being held for our account as to which we
are not yet able so to certify and as to which we understand that we cannot
receive any payments with respect thereto until we are able so to certify.

We understand that this certificate is required in connection with United States
tax laws. We irrevocably authorize you to produce this certificate or a copy
hereof to any interested party in any administrative or legal proceedings or
official inquiry with respect to the matters covered by this certificate.

As used herein, "United States Person" means any citizen or resident of the
United States of America (including the States and the District of Columbia),
its territories and possessions an all areas subject to its jurisdiction
("United States"), including any corporation, partnership or other entity
created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political
subdivision thereof and any estate or trust which is subject to United States
federal income taxation regardless of the source of its income.

                                      A-4-1
<PAGE>

                                    (Name of person entitled to
                                    receive interest)

                                    By:_______________________________

Dated:________________, 19__
(To be dated on or after the
15th day before the relevant
Interest Payment Date)

                                      A-4-2<PAGE>
                                                                     Exhibit 4.2

                                    AGREEMENT

         THIS AGREEMENT made and entered into as of the 14th day of April, 1995,
by and among RADVISION LTD., an Israeli company of 8 Hanechoshet Street, Tel
Aviv 69710, Israel (the "Company") and RAD DATA COMMUNICATIONS LTD., an Israeli
company with its principal office at 8 Hanechoshet Street, Tel Aviv 69710,
Israel (the "Purchaser") and Yehuda Zisapel and Zohar Zisapel of 8 Hanechoshet
Street, Tel Aviv 69710, Israel (jointly and severally, the "Present
Shareholders").

                              W I T N E S S E T H :

         WHEREAS, the Company is and will be engaged in the business of
developing, manufacturing and marketing of products for video conferencing (the
"Field"); and

         WHEREAS, the Company desires to issue and sell, and the Purchaser
desires to purchase ordinary shares, par value One New Israeli Shekel (NIS
1.00), of the Company ("Ordinary Shares"),

         NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual
covenants and conditions herein contained, the Company and the Purchaser hereby
agree as follows:

                                    SECTION 1
                         ISSUANCE AND PURCHASE OF SHARES

         1.1 The Purchaser undertakes to invest in the Company the amount of
Seven Hundred Ten Thousand and Thirty US Dollars (US$ 710,030) (hereinafter, the
"Investment Amount") on the Closing Date as defined in Section 2 hereinbelow.
All amounts will be deposited in US dollars or their equivalent in NIS to the
Company's account no. 377906 at Bank Hapoalim B.M., Hadar Yosef Branch (610).

         1.2 In consideration for and subject to the execution of the
investment, the Company shall issue on the Closing Date three thousand five
hundred and fifteen (3,515) ordinary shares (hereinafter, the "Shares") to the
Purchaser. The Company shall not be obligated to issue any shares whatsoever
before the full Investment Amount is received by it. The Shares, when issued,
will have been validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and will be free
of any liens or encumbrances.

         1.3 The Investment Amount is part of a total amount of approximately US
$4,930,000 (hereinafter, the "Total Investment") intended to be raised by the
Company from the Purchaser as well as from other investors (hereinafter, the
"Other Purchasers") as set forth in Exhibit 1 attached hereto. In consideration
for the Total Investment, the Company will issue 24,453 Ordinary Shares, par
value 1.- NIS each. After all said shares have been issued, the ownership of the
Company will be as set forth in Exhibit 1.

                                    SECTION 2
                                  CLOSING DATE
<PAGE>

         The purchase of the Shares by the Purchaser shall take place on April
25, 1995 (the "Closing"). The date of the Closing is referred to as the "Closing
Date" in this Agreement.

                                    SECTION 3
                  REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY

         The Company and the Present Shareholders hereby represent and warrant
to the Purchaser the facts hereinafter set forth in this Section 3.

        3.1 CORPORATE POWER. As of the date hereof and as of the Closing, the
Company has and will have all requisite corporate power to enter into and to
perform this Agreement.

        3.2 SUBSIDIARIES. The Company has a wholly owned U.S. subsidiary,
RADVISION Inc. in New Jersey. The Company has no other subsidiaries and does not
otherwise own, of record or beneficially, any capital stock or equity interest
in any other corporation, association or business entity.

         3.3 ORGANIZATION AND STANDING. The Company is a corporation duly
organized and existing under the laws of the State of Israel and is in good
standing under such laws. The Company has requisite corporate power to own and
operate its properties and assets, and to carry on its business as presently
conducted. The Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association and all
amendments to date of the Company are attached hereto as EXHIBITS "3.3A" AND
"3.3B."

         3.4 CAPITALIZATION. The Company's authorized capital is sixty thousand
(60,000) Ordinary Shares. The Company's issued capital stock immediately prior
to the Closing date shall consist of twenty thousand seven hundred thirty-two
(20,732) Ordinary Shares, all of which are duly authorized, validly issued and
free of any liens or encumbrances. Out of the issued share capital, thirteen
thousand eight hundred sixty (13,860) shares are fully paid and six thousand
eight hundred seventy-two (6,872) shares are partially paid. All shares are
non-assessable, and to the best of the Company's knowledge and belief, are
beneficially owned by their holders of record. There are no preemptive,
conversion or other rights, options, or agreements granted or issued by, or
binding upon, the Company or the shareholders which entitle any person, firm or
corporation to purchase or acquire any shares of the Company's capital stock,
except as set forth in this Agreement and in particular, in Sections 3.21, 3.22
and 3.23.

         3.5 AUTHORIZATION. All corporate actions on the part of the Company and
its directors and shareholders, required for the authorization, execution,
delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the consummation
of the transactions contemplated herein have been, or will be executed, upon
signature of this Agreement. ThisAgreement is and will be valid and binding
obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms. The
execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, and
compliance therewith, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement will not result in any violation of and will not conflict with,
or result in a breach of any of the terms of, or constitute a default under, any
document to which the Company is or will be a party or by which it is or will be
bound, or result in the creation of any mortgage, pledge, lien or encumbrance or
charge upon any of the properties or assets of the Company. To the best of the
Company's knowledge, no third party's consent is required for the Company to
become a party to this

                                       2
<PAGE>

Agreement. Immediately after the Closing Date, the Company will inform all
governmental authorities that require to be reported of changes in equity,
including, but not limited to the Israel Investment Center and the Office of the
Chief Scientist of the execution of this Agreement.

         3.6 OUTSTANDING DEBT. Except as set forth in the Schedule of Exceptions
attached hereto as EXHIBIT "A" ("Schedule of Exceptions"), the Company has no
outstanding indebtedness for borrowed money and is not a guarantor of any debt
or obligation of another. There exists no default by the Company under the
provisions of any agreement or other instrument evidencing or relating to any
indebtedness or obligation.

         3.7 ABSENCE OF UNDISCLOSED LIABILITIES. Except as set forth in the
Schedule of Exceptions, the Company has no material liability of any nature,
direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, not adequately reserved against,
excluding any liabilities related to damage which may have been caused by its
products or are related to sales of said products (unless the Company knows or
should have known of such damages or liabilities). The Company has paid, or has
made adequate provisions for the payment of, all taxes, interest, penalties,
assessments or deficiencies owing by it to any taxing authority.

         3.8 ABSENCE OF CERTAIN CHANGES. Since December 31, 1994, the business
of the Company has at all times been conducted in the ordinary course. There has
not been any event or condition of any character which has materially adversely
affected the Company's business, prospects or plans.

         3.9 CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS. The Company is a party to
several material agreements, all of which are described in the Schedule of
Exceptions attached hereto. Each of such agreements is in full force and effect
and, to the Company's knowledge, no party thereto is in breach thereof. The
Company is of the opinion that it receives services from affiliated companies
for fair consideration as described in the Schedule of Exceptions attached
hereto. The Company is not obligated to receive services from said affiliated
companies.

        3.10 INDEBTEDNESS OF OR TO SHAREHOLDERS, ETC.; CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.

                (a) Except as set forth in the Schedule of Exceptions, none of
the Company's shareholders, directors, officers or employees or any of their
affiliates or families is indebted to the Company and the Company has no debt to
any of them except for accrued wages for the current period.

                (b) Except as set forth in the Schedule of Exceptions, to the
best of the Company's knowledge, none of the Company's directors, officers,
employees or consultants, or their affiliates or families, directly or
indirectly, own any material interest in any entity which is a competitor of the
Company.

         3.11 LITIGATION; INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS. To the best of the Company's
knowledge and belief, there are no pending or threatened actions, suits,
proceedings or any investigations against or affecting the Company involving the
possibility of any judgment or liability which would adversely affect its
business.

         3.12 INSURANCE. The Company maintains insurance through RAD-Bynet
insurance policies, adequately covering the perils normally insured against by
companies similarly situated.

                                       3
<PAGE>

All policies of insurance maintained by the Company are attached hereto as
EXHIBIT "3.12." To the best of the Company's knowledge, all such policies are in
full force and effect.

         3.13 TITLE TO PROPERTIES; LIENS AND ENCUMBRANCES. Except as set forth
in the Schedule of Exceptions, the Company owns, or holds under lease, all real
and personal property used by it in its business. All property owned by the
Company (all of which is listed on EXHIBIT "3.13" hereto) is so owned free and
clear of all mortgages, pledges, liens or charges.

         3.14 LEASES. EXHIBIT "3.14" hereto contains a correct and complete list
and description (including the amount of rents) of all leases under which the
Company leases property, real or personal.

         3.15 BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY. The Company has no knowledge of (i) the
existence of any pending or planned patent, or any statute, rule, law,
regulation, standard or codes which would materially adversely affect the
condition, financial or otherwise, or the business operations, of the Company;
or (ii) the existence of any other factor which would materially adversely
affect the financial condition, or the operations, of the Company.

         3.16 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER INSTRUMENTS. The Company is not in violation
of the terms of its Memorandum or Articles of Incorporation, and it is not in
violation of the terms of any judgment, decree, order, statute, rule or
regulation to which it is subject.

         3.17 EMPLOYEES. All the key employees of the Company are listed on
EXHIBIT "3.17" hereto. To the best of the Company's knowledge, no such employee
is in violation of any material term of any employment contract, patent
disclosure agreement, non-competition agreement, or any other contract or
agreement or any restrictive covenant or any other obligation to a former
employer relating to the right of any such employee to be employed by the
Company. To date, all payments due to the Company's employees have been paid
regularly. In addition, the Company made all allowances required by law to cover
the amounts due to its employees and/or officers in connection with their
employment and/or termination of employment, as reflected in EXHIBIT "3.20A."

         3.18 DISCLOSURE. This Agreement and the Schedule of Exceptions
delivered to the Purchaser do not contain any material untrue statement and do
not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements
contained herein not misleading in the light of the circumstances under which
they were made, and such documents represent full disclosure by the Company of
the material facts with respect to the business, prospect and plans of the
Company. The Company confirms that to the date of this Agreement, the Business
Plan dated August, 1994, which was provided to the Purchaser, does not contain
any materially untrue information as far as same relates to the Company itself.
The other information contained therein may have changed since August, 1994.

         3.19 PRODUCTS AND OWNERSHIP. A description of the products is enclosed
as EXHIBIT 3.19. To the best of the knowledge and belief of the Company and as
set forth in the Schedule of Exceptions, the Company possesses, or is proceeding
with due diligence to obtain, all patents, patent rights, trademarks, trademark
names, trade name rights and copyrights the Company believes are necessary to
conduct its business as now being conducted and as planned to be conducted
(without conflict with, or infringement upon, any valid rights of others), the
lack of

                                       4
<PAGE>

which could affect the operations or condition, financial or otherwise, of the
Company. The Company has no knowledge of any infringement by the Company or
claimed infringement upon, or any conflict with, the patent rights, trademarks,
trademark rights, trade names, trade name rights, copyrights, intellectual
property rights or other rights of any person, form or corporation.

         3.20 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. The audited financial statements of the
Company as of December 31, 1994 are attached hereto as EXHIBIT "3.20A" and
adequately reflect the financial situation of the Company. The unaudited
financial statements of the Company as of February 28, 1995 are attached hereto
as EXHIBIT "3.20B." As of December 31, 1994 to date, the Company did not enter
into any material transaction or undertake any material commitment which was not
in the normal course of business, and there was no material change for the worse
in the Company's position, liabilities and assets.

         3.21 The agreements with the other purchasers will resemble the
Agreement with Purchaser.

         3.22 In the event of any contradiction between this Agreement and the
Inception Agreement, attached hereto as EXHIBIT "3.22." and the current
Memorandum of Association and current Articles of Association, this Agreement
shall prevail.

         3.23 On January 1, 1995, a trust in favor of employees of the Company
and certain employees of the RAD-Bynet group was created. Said Trust Agreement
is attached hereto as EXHIBIT "3.23."

        3.24 As of the date of this Agreement, the directors of the Company are:
Yehuda Zisapel, Zohar Zisapel and Amos Amir.

                                    SECTION 4
                 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PURCHASER

         The Purchaser represents and warrants to the Company as follows:

         4.1 LEGAL POWER. As of the date hereof and as of the Closing, the
Purchaser has and will have all requisite power to enter into and to perform
this Agreement.

         4.2 EXPERIENCE. The Purchaser has sufficient experience and expertise
to evaluate the suitability of its investment in the Company to its needs and
has the capacity to protect its interests with the purchase of the Shares.

        4.3 INVESTMENT. The Purchaser is acquiring the Shares for investment for
its own account.

        4.4 ACCESS TO DATA. The Purchaser hereby represents that it has had the
full opportunity to discuss management and financial affairs of the Company with
its management and key employees and has had the opportunity to review the
business plan and the Company's facilities. The Purchaser has not been denied
any information that has been requested, and based on the said information has
made a diligent examination of the aspects of the Company's business. The
Purchaser has heretofore received all information that the Purchaser has deemed
necessary and appropriate to enable the Purchaser to evaluate the financial risk
inherent in

                                       5
<PAGE>

making an investment in the shares of the Company and the Purchaser has received
satisfactory and complete information concerning the business and financial
condition of the Company in response to all inquiries in respect thereof. The
Purchaser is aware that the Company has been in the development stage since its
inception in October 1992, that no sales of its products have taken place, and
that due to the short operating history of the Company there can be no assurance
that the Company will attain profitability. Nothing contained in this Section
4.4 shall derogate from the liability of the Company with respect to the
representations and warranties made in Section 3 above.

         4.5 AUTHORIZATION. All corporate or partnership action on the part of
the Purchaser, its respective directors, partners and/or shareholders necessary
for the authorization, execution, delivery, payment and performance by the
Purchaser of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions
contemplated herein, has been taken.

         4.6 Purchaser has sufficient financial resources to enable it to
fulfill its obligations under this Agreement and commits to make its investment
in the Company as set forth in Section 1 hereinabove.

                                    SECTION 5
                     CONDITIONS OF THE PURCHASER TO CLOSING

         The obligations of the Purchaser at the Closing, as referred to in
Section 1 hereof, are subject to the fulfillment of each of the following
conditions:

         5.1 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES CORRECT. The representations and
warranties made by the Company in Section 3 hereof shall be true and correct
when made, and shall be true and correct in all material respects on Closing
with the same force and effect as if they had been made immediately prior to the
Closing and as of such time except for such changes which result from the
obligations of the parties to this Agreement.

         5.2 PERFORMANCE. All covenants, agreements and conditions contained in
this Agreement to be performed or complied with by the Company on or prior to
Closing shall have been performed or complied with in all respects.

        5.3 LEGAL INVESTMENT. At the time of the Closing, the purchase and
issuance of the Shares shall be legally permitted by all laws and regulations to
which the Purchaser and the Company are subject.

         5.4 PROCEEDINGS AND DOCUMENTS. All corporate and other proceedings in
connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and all documents and
instruments incident to such transactions shall have been completed to the
satisfaction (as to substance and form) of the Purchaser.

         5.5 PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND NON-COMPETITION AGREEMENT. Each of the
Company's employees shall have executed and delivered to the Company an
Employment Agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as EXHIBIT
"5.5A" or EXHIBIT "5.5B," which agreement contains non-disclosure and
non-competition provisions therein.

                                       6
<PAGE>

         5.6 RETENTION OF KEY EMPLOYEES. All the persons listed in EXHIBIT
"3.17" shall either be employees of the Company as of the Closing and to the
best of the Company's knowledge, have not informed them that they intend to
leave the Company, or if an employee has left the Company or intends to leave
the Company, the latter has notified the Purchaser of same.

         5.7 OPINION OF COMPANY'S COUNSEL. The Purchaser shall have received
from Nehama Sneh, corporate counsel to the Company, a satisfactory opinion in
substantially the form attached as EXHIBIT "5.7."

                                    SECTION 6
                        CONDITIONS OF COMPANY TO CLOSING

         The obligations of the Company at the Closing, as referred to in
Section 1 hereof, are subject to the fulfillment of each of the following
conditions:

         6.1 REPRESENTATION. The representations and warranties made by the
Purchaser in Section 4 hereof shall be true and correct when made and shall be
true and correct on Closing with the same force and effect as if they had been
made immediately prior to the Closing and as of such time.

        6.2 Purchaser has fulfilled any and all of its obligations set forth in
Section 1.1.

                                   SECTION 6A
                               BOARD OF DIRECTORS

         Subsequent to the Closing, the Board of Directors will consist of six
(6) directors, three of whom will be appointed by Zohar Zisapel, Yehuda Zisapel
and RAD Data Communications Ltd., the fourth will be Amos Amir in his capacity
as Managing Director of the Company, and the fifth and the sixth are entitled to
be appointed by The Trust Company of Maritime Bank of Israel ("Maritime") and
Clal Venture Capital LP ("Clal"). Lannet Data Communications Ltd. and Finovelec,
will have the right to designate one observer each to the Board of Directors.
Upon reasonable notice, Lannet will be permitted to change the status of its
observer to that of director, in which event the number of directors will be
eight (8), Lannet's observer will become the seventh director and Yehuda Zisapel
and Zohar Zisapel will be entitled to appoint another director (the eighth).

                                    SECTION 7
                            COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY

         For as long as the Purchaser's equity interest in the Company will
amount to at least five (5%) percent of the outstanding capital securities
therein and Purchaser has the right to appoint a director or an observer under
Section 6A hereinabove, except where stated otherwise in this Section 7 and in
Section 8, and without derogating from any rights or obligations conferred upon
shareholders, or obligations conferred upon corporations, under applicable law,
the Company hereby covenants and agrees as follows. For the purposes of
calculating Clal's percentage of ownership set forth above, ECI Telecom Ltd.'s
("ECI") equity interest in the Company at the time will be taken into account
and added to that of Clal for as long as Clal is a shareholder of ECI.

                                       7
<PAGE>

         7.1 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. The Company will permit an employee of the
Purchaser to visit upon a mutually convenient time and inspect any of the
properties of the Company, including its books of account, and to discuss its
affairs, finances and accounts with the Company's officers and the Auditor.

                  (a) As soon as available after approval by the Board of
Directors, the Company will provide Purchaser with a summary of the budget,
including projected yearly profit and loss accounts and balance sheet, as
contained in its Operating Plan and as approved by its Board of Directors, as
well as information about material changes in the budget, all as approved by the
Board of Directors.

                  (b) With reasonable promptness, the Company agrees to provide
to Purchaser such information and data with respect to the Company, as the
Purchaser may from time to time reasonably request.

                  The foregoing provisions of this Section 7.1 shall not be in
limitation of any rights which the Purchaser may have to inspect and copy the
books and records of the Company or to inspect its properties or discuss its
affairs, finances and accounts, under the laws of the State of Israel.

         7.2 USE OF PROCEEDS. The Company will use the proceeds of the issuance
and sale of the Shares mainly to fund its activities and its business subject to
any resolutions made by its Board of Directors from time to time.

         7.3 BOARD APPROVAL. Without derogating from the Company's Articles of
Association, or any law or practice limiting the authority of the management of
the Company, the Company shall ensure that the approval of the Board of
Directors of the Company shall be required for the following, (i) designation of
all authorized signatories; (ii) approval of the Company's or the subsidiaries'
budget and Operating Plan; (iii) selection of legal counsel of the Company; (iv)
terms of employment of the Managing Director of the Company; and (v) any and all
other matters with regard to which the Board of Directors of the Company
resolves that its prior approval shall be required.

         Without derogating from the first sentence of Section 7 hereof, it is
further provided that the Purchaser's rights hereunder shall expire upon a
public offering of the Company's shares regardless of Purchaser's percentage of
ownership at that time.

         7.4 Resolutions of the Board of the Company regarding the following
subject matters shall require the consent of five out of six directors. In the
event that the Board will consist of 8 directors as per Section 6.2 hereinabove,
then the following subject matters will require the consent of 6 out of 8
directors, including consent of two directors out of the following: "Clal"
Director, "Maritime" Director, "Lannet" Director:

                (a) A merger of the Company with any other entity;

                (b) Acquisition or disposition, including mortgage, of other
corporations, real estate, and any material assets out of the ordinary course of
the Company's business;

                (c) Replacement of the Company's Managing Director;

                                       8
<PAGE>

                (d) Replacement of the auditors of the Company;

                (e) Approval of the distribution of dividends by the Company.

                (f) Loans by the Company or any of its subsidiaries to their
directors or officers, or to their relatives or other affiliates, with the
exception of employees receiving shares under the trust as set forth in
subsection 3.23 hereinabove;

                (g) Transactions in excess of $20,000 not included in the
approved Operating Plan between the Company or its affiliates and their
directors, officers and employees or their relatives or other affiliates, with
the exception of employees receiving shares under the trust as set forth in
subsection 3.23 hereinabove;

                (h) All material transactions or obligations not contemplated in
the budget by the Company or its subsidiaries; and

                (i) Resolution to enter a new business field unrelated to the
present field.

         Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, in the event
that a director is not allowed under a specific section of this Agreement to
participate in a board meeting and/or discussion, the majority required will be
(1) 4 out of 5, or (2) 5 out of 7, including only one of the following: the Clal
Director, Maritime Director, or Lannet Director.

         7.5 RIGHT OF FIRST REFUSAL FOR IPO. The Company agrees that in the
event that the Board of Directors resolves:

                (a) to initially offer shares of the Company on the Israeli
Stock Exchange, then the following will apply:

                        (1) The Company will inform Clal Issuing Ltd. of said
resolution;

                        (2) Clal Issuing Ltd. will have an option for twenty
(20) days as of said notice date by the Company to make a proposal to underwrite
the offering (hereinafter, the "Clal Proposal");

                        (3) The Board of Directors will consider the Clal
Proposal and will, in its sole discretion, resolve whether it is acceptable or
not; and

                        (4) In the event that the Board resolves not to accept
the Clal Proposal, then the Company will be free to negotiate and agree with any
underwriter whatsoever.

                        (5) Within five (5) working days after the written
notice of the Company of the best proposal from the underwriter as in (4) above,
Clal will have the option to improve the Clal Proposal to match the
underwriter's proposal. In the event that Clal Issuing Ltd. either fails to
respond or to match the other proposal, Clal's option under this Section 7.5(a)
will terminate and the Board will be free to proceed as it deems fit.

                                       9
<PAGE>

                  (b) In the event that the Board of Directors resolves to
initially offer shares of the Company on NASDAQ, with some of the shares
intended for the Israeli public, then the following will apply:

                        (1) The Company will inform Clal Issuing Ltd. of said
resolution;

                        (2) The Company will be free to negotiate and agree with
any underwriting house to underwriter the offering, provided that the Company
notifies said underwriter that Clal Issuing Ltd. has a right of first refusal
concerning the offering of the shares of the Company to the Israeli public.

                  (c) In the event that the Board of Directors resolves to
engage a placement agent for a private offering in the Israeli market, and such
agent is entitled to a commission in return for his services (whether by form of
money or options), then the following will apply:

                        (1) The Company will inform Clal Venture Capital LP of
said resolution;

                        (2) Clal Issuing Ltd. will have an option for ten (10)
days as of said notice date by the Company to make a proposal to head the
offering as a placement agent (hereinafter, the "Clal Proposal");

                        (3) Within five (5) working days after the written
notice of the Company of a proposal from another placement agent, Clal and Clal
Issuing Ltd. will have the option to improve the Clal Proposal to match the
other proposal. In the event that Clal Issuing Ltd. either fails to respond or
to match the other proposal, Clal's option under this Section 7.5(c) will
terminate and the Board will be free to proceed as it deems fit;

                        (4) The Board of Directors will consider the Clal
Proposal as well as the other proposal(s) and will, in its sole discretion,
resolve whether it is acceptable or not; and

                        (5) In the event the Board accepts Clal Issuing Ltd.'s
proposal and Clal Issuing Ltd. acts as the said placement agent, then,
notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Board, in its
sole discretion, by simple majority, will be free thereafter to resolve that the
services of Clal Issuing Ltd. as a placement agent are not satisfactory, to
terminate such services and to receive such services from any other placement
agent without any further rights or obligations with respect to Clal Issuing
Ltd. or the Purchasers.

                (d) It is specifically agreed that:

                        (1) all discussions concerning the identity of
underwriter or placement agent as well as the terms of the offer under Section
7.5 will be without the presence of Clal's appointed director;

                        (2) Clal Venture Capital LP's and Clal Issuing Ltd.'s
rights under Section 7.5 will terminate upon acceptance or rejection by the
Board of Directors of the Clal Proposal;

                                       10
<PAGE>

                        (3) It is further provided that the rights of Clal
Issuing Ltd., and Clal Venture Capital LP under Section 7.5 shall expire upon a
public offering of the Company's shares regardless of Purchaser's percentage of
ownership at that time.

                        (4) For the purposes of this Agreement, the address of
Clal Issuing Ltd. is 5 Druianov Street, Tel-Aviv 63143.

                                    SECTION 8

         For as long as the Purchaser's equity interest in the Company amounts
to at least two (2%) percent of the outstanding share capital of the Company
therein, and without derogating from any rights conferred upon shareholders, or
obligations conferred upon corporations under applicable law, the Company hereby
covenants and agrees as follows:

         8.1 PRE-EMPTIVE RIGHTS. If the Company should at any time or from time
to time propose to issue and sell New Securities, as defined in subsection
8.1(a), a pro rata portion of such New Securities shall first be offered (as
hereinafter provided) to the shareholders of the Company (each of whom shall
hereinafter be referred to as "offeree"). For purposes of this Section 8.1, the
pro rata portion of each Offeree shall mean a fraction of the New Securities to
be issued, of which the aggregate number of shares which are held by the Offeree
on the date of the Company's written notification referred to in subsection
8.1(b) below (the "Notice Date") shall be the numerator and the aggregate number
of shares held by all the Offerees shall be the denominator. The aforesaid
rights of the Offerees shall be subject to the following provisions:

                  (a) "New Securities" shall mean any capital stock of the
Company, whether or not now authorized, and rights, options or warrants to
purchase capital stock, and securities of any type whatsoever that are, or may
become, convertible into capital stock; provided that the term "New Securities"
shall not include (i) securities purchased under this Agreement; (ii) securities
offered to the public; (iii) securities issued pursuant to the acquisition of
another corporation by the Company by merger, purchase of substantially all the
assets of another corporation or any other reorganization whereby the Company
owns not less than fifty-one percent (51%) of the voting power of such
corporation; (iv) securities issued to employees, consultants or directors of
the Company pursuant to any stock option plan or stock purchase or stock bonus
arrangement approved by the Board of Directors of the Company; or (v) securities
issued pursuant to payment of any dividend or distribution with respect to the
Company's issued and outstanding capital stock.

                  (b) In the event the Company proposes to undertake an issuance
of New Securities, it shall give each Offeree written notice of its intention,
describing the type of New Securities and the price and the terms upon which the
Company proposes to issue the same, and offering its pro rata portion thereof to
such Offerees at such price and on such terms. Each Offeree shall have
twenty-one (21) days from the date of such notice to accept such offer, in whole
or in part, by written notice to the Company, that has to be received by the
Company during the above mentioned 21 days period. All New Securities as to
which such offers have not been accepted in whole or in part by one or more of
the Offerees (of which fact the Company shall give immediate written notice to
all other Offerees), shall be re-offered to each of the Offerees who have
accepted in full the original offer, and each such Offeree shall have the right,

                                       11
<PAGE>

within ten (10) days of the date of such written notice, to purchase the
respective pro rata portions of such new Securities, the same to be computed as
aforesaid but without regard to the shares held by any Offeree which had not
accepted the original offer in full.

                  (c) In the event any Offeree fails to accept such offers, the
Company shall have the right to sell within six (6) months or enter into an
agreement, to sell such New Securities as to which such offers were not
accepted, provided, however, that no such sale be effected at a price or upon
terms more favorable to the purchasers thereof than those specified in the
Company's notice pursuant to Section 8.1(b).

                  (d) Each of Yehuda Zisapel, Zohar Zisapel and RAD Data
Communications Ltd. shall have a right to allocate any unused portion of the New
Securities offered to him to the other.

                  (e) The Purchaser shall have the right to allocate any unused
portion of the New Securities offered to him to its owners or to a company
affiliated to Purchaser, provided that such recipient of shares will join in
this Agreement as if it had become a party to it as of the receipt of shares.

                  (f) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein,
Amos Amir, so long as he is the Managing Director of the Company, will be
entitled to be an Offeree under this Section 8.1.

                  (g) Each of Lerosh Investments Ltd., Gevahim Investments House
Limited Ltd., Mr. Yoav Chelouche, Permal Emerging Growth V Ltd., Maritime-Julex
Investment Ltd., Mr. Shraga Blazer and Mr. Eli Luz shall have a right to
allocate any unused portion of the New Securities offered to him to the other.

         8.2 REGISTRATION RIGHTS. If the Company should elect to offer any of
its securities to the public, the Purchaser and the Present Shareholders shall
have registration rights as set forth in EXHIBIT "8.2" attached hereto.

         8.3 RESTRICTIONS. Unless otherwise required by applicable law or under
this Agreement, the Company shall not without the approval of at least 75% of
the shareholders:

                  (a) amend or repeal any provision of, or add any provision to,
the Company's Articles of Association;

                  (b) create any new class or classes of securities of the
Company having any preference or priority as to dividends or assets superior to
any such preference or priority of the Ordinary Shares, or reclassify any of its
existing securities into such superior securities; or

                  (c) approve a merger of the Company with any other entity;

                  Without derogating from the first sentence of Section 8, it is
further provided that each shareholder's rights under Section 8 (except for 8.2)
shall expire upon the initial public offering of the Company's shares,
regardless of that shareholder's percentage of ownership at that time.

                                       12
<PAGE>

                                   SECTION 8A

         The Company agrees and undertakes as follows:

        8A.1 BASIC FINANCIAL INFORMATION. The Company will furnish to the
Purchaser the following reports certified, when so required herein, by the
Company's auditors:

        (a) As soon as practicable after the end of each calendar quarter, and
in any event within forty-five (45) days thereafter, a balance sheet and a
profit and loss account and of cash flow (including opening cash, income,
expenses and closing cash) of the Company as of the end of such quarterly
period, and for the current fiscal year to date, prepared in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied and setting forth
in comparative form the figures for the corresponding periods of the previous
fiscal year, subject to changes resulting from year-end audit adjustments, all
in reasonable detail, signed by the principal financial or accounting officer of
the Company. There shall be appended to such materials a report of the
management as to the business of the Company and its activities during the
quarter.

        (b) Not later than forty-five (45) days after the end of each quarter,
sales figures, backlog and new orders for such quarter.

        Without derogating from the first sentence of Section 7, it is further
provided that the Company will not be required to furnish any information under
the provisions of this Section 8A.1 and of Section 8A.2 below subsequent to the
initial public offering.

        8A.2 INSURANCE. The Company shall continue to maintain insurance
policies similar to those described in Section 3.12 above.

        8A.3 ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS. The Company will keep true records and books
of account in which full, true and correct entries will be made of all dealings
or transactions in relation to its business and affairs in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis.

        8A.4 PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND NON-COMPETITION AGREEMENTS. The Company
will not employ, or continue to employ, any person who will have access to
confidential information with respect to the Company and its operations unless
such person has executed and delivered the Company's standard Employment
agreement then in force containing proprietary information and non-competition
sections to the satisfaction (as to substance and form) of the Company's
counsel.

                                    SECTION 9
                  RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERABILITY OF SECURITIES

        Except as set forth in this Section 9, the Present Shareholders and the
Purchaser agree not to sell or transfer any of their shares and rights in the
Company to a third party. This Section 9 will terminate upon the initial
offering of the Company's shares to the public.

        9.1 For the purpose of this Section 9, the shareholders, the
Purchaser and the Other Purchasers will be regarded as the following Groups:

                                       13
<PAGE>

               (a) Zisapel Group - Yehuda Zisapel, Zohar Zisapel, the Trust and
RAD Data Communications Ltd.

               (b) Clal Group - Clal Venture Capital LP, ECI Telecom Ltd.

               (c) Finovelec Group - Finovelec, Factory Systemes, Houston
Venture Partners Ltd.

               (d) Capital Group - Zohar Gilon, Avraham Neuman, Yair Tauman,
W.S.P. Capital

               (e) Maritime Group - Lerosh Investments Ltd., Gevahim Investments
House Limited Ltd., Mr. Yoav Chelouche, Permal Emerging Growth V Ltd.,
Maritime-Julex Investment Ltd., Mr. Shraga Blazer and Mr. Eli Luz.

         9.2 Group Members are entitled to transfer shares among
themselves for consideration or without consideration without any
restrictions.

         9.3 Except as set forth in sections 9.9, 9.10 and 9.11 hereinbelow,
any shareholder who shall elect to transfer (hereinafter "Seller") all or
part of his shares, not in accordance with subsection  9.2 (hereinafter
"Offered Shares") shall offer them first to the other registered shareholders
of the Company at that time (hereinafter "Offerees") on a pro rata basis
based on their share in the share capital of the Company.

         9.4 In the event any such Offeree fails to exercise his right to
purchase his Offered Shares within forty-five (45) days from the date the
offer is made, then the Seller shall have the right to offer the Offered Shares
to a third party at the same price and upon the same terms of sale as those
offered to the other shareholders under section 9.3 and provided that said
third party shall undertake all of Seller's obligations under this Agreement.
(Such third party to be called hereunder, the "Transferee"). In the event
that the shares are not sold to said party within six (6) months as of the
offer to such said third party, then Section 9.3 will apply anew.

         9.5 The Board of Directors shall have the right to not approve the
transfer of shares to a third party in each of the following events:

                (i) If the third party is a competitor of the Company;

                (ii) If there is a possibility of conflict of interest between
        the third party and the Company;

                (iii) For any other reason, in which case such approval shall
        not be unreasonably withheld.

         9.6 In the event that Yehuda Zisapel and/or Zohar Zisapel and/or RAD
will sell more than a total of 25% of their shares in the Company to third
parties, then Purchaser will have the right to sell the same portion of
Purchaser's shares in the Company under the same terms and conditions
(hereinafter, the "Tag Along Right"). Purchaser will inform Zisapel in writing
by fax and by confirmation by mail if it intends to exercise its Tag Along Right
within ten (10) days

                                       14
<PAGE>

after the date of notice by Zisapel to Purchaser. Failure to respond will be
deemed as a decision not to Tag Along.

        9.7 This Section 9 will supersede Section 14 of the Inception Agreement.

        9.8 The terms of the Trust Agreement, EXHIBIT 3.23, will have priority
over this Section 9.

        9.9 Finovelec, in its discretion, shall be permitted to freely transfer
up to 5% of its shares (at that time) in the Company to up to 6 of Finovelec
executives, as well as up to an additional 5% of its shares (at that time) in
the Company to IDI (if then an affiliate of Finovelec). Such transfer shall be
considered a transfer among the Finovelec Group, provided that each Transferee,
upon receipt of the shares, will join this Agreement and undertake all of
Finovelec's obligations hereunder and will be considered henceforth a member in
the Finovelec Group for the purpose of this Section 9.

        9.10 Clal Venture Capital LP is entitled to transfer all of its shares
in the Company to its partners, provided that each Transferee, upon receipt of
the shares, will join this Agreement and undertake all of Purchaser's
obligations hereunder and will be considered henceforth a member in the Clal
Group for the purpose of this Section 9.

        9.11 Each of Zohar Gilon, Avraham Neuman and Yair Tauman is entitled,
once, to transfer his shares to a company directly under the total control of
said person, provided that each Transferee, upon receipt of the shares, will
join this Agreement and undertake all of Purchaser's obligations hereunder and
will be considered henceforth a member in the Capital Group for the purpose of
this Section 9.

                                   SECTION 9A
                                  ANTI-DILUTION

        (a) In the event that any time prior to the earlier of the Closing of
the Company's initial public offering or three (3) years from the date of this
Agreement, the Company issues or sells any Ordinary Shares to third parties upon
a private placement (excluding Company employees) for consideration per share of
less than US $135 (an "Offering"), then prior to said private placement the
Purchaser shall be given the option to purchase Ordinary Shares of the Company
at par value (NIS 1.- per share), in an amount computed as set forth below.

        (b) The amount of shares to be issued to Purchaser will be computed
according to the following table:

------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
SHARE PRICE AT NEXT PRIVATE PLACEMENT ADDITIONAL SHARES ISSUED TO ALL PURCHASERS
                                        (DISTRIBUTED ON A PRO-RATA BASIS)
------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
          $134.99 to $101.01                          7,489*
------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
          $101.00 to $50.51                          17,959*
------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
           Less than $50.5                           33,642*
------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------

*    The number and price of shares will be adjusted in the event of any
restructuring of the Company's share capital.

                                       15
<PAGE>

        (c) Upon the occurrence of each event giving rise to a right pursuant to
this Section, the Company will, at its expense, promptly compute the number of
Ordinary Shares that each Purchaser is entitled to purchase in accordance with
the terms hereof, and furnish to the Purchaser, a notice of such right and the
number of shares Purchaser is entitled to.

        (d) Any and all of Purchaser's rights under this Section 9A will
terminate within the earliest of: (i) the Closing of the Company's initial
public offering or (ii) three (3) years from the date of this Agreement or (iii)
upon the first private placement contemplated after the Closing set forth in
Section 9A hereinabove.

                                   SECTION 10
                                  MISCELLANEOUS

         10.1 ARBITRATION. All disputes arising under this Agreement or in
connection with the transactions hereunder shall be resolved between the parties
in good faith; however, if these efforts fail, the dispute shall be resolved by
arbitration by a sole arbitrator within sixty (60) days. The arbitrator shall be
chosen by agreement of the parties hereto. If they fail to so agree within
twenty (20) days after a party shall have requested such arbitration, the
arbitrator shall be appointed by the Chairman of the Israeli Bar who shall also
determine the place of the arbitration proceedings based on the convenience of
the parties involved; provided, however, that the arbitrator chosen shall be
from the jurisdiction chosen by the above-mentioned Chairman. The arbitrator
shall not be bound by any judicial rules of evidence or procedure. The arbitral
award shall be final and binding upon the parties, and judgment upon the award
may be entered in any court having jurisdiction, or application may be made to
such court for a judicial acceptance of the award or for an order of
enforcement, as the case may be. The provisions of this Section 10.1 shall apply
to all disputes arising in connection with this Agreement. Each party shall bear
its own expenses, subject to the arbitration judgment on the issue of expenses.

         10.2 SURVIVAL. The representations, warranties, covenants and
agreements made herein shall survive (i) any investigation made by the Purchaser
and (ii) the Closing.

         10.3 SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. Except as otherwise expressly provided
herein, the provisions hereof shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding
upon, the successors, assigns, heirs, executors and administrators of the
parties hereto; provided, however, that no party may assign its rights hereunder
without the prior written consent of the other parties hereto.

         10.4 ENTIRE AGREEMENT; AMENDMENT. This Agreement (including the
Schedules and Exhibits hereto) and the other documents delivered pursuant hereto
constitute the full and entire understanding and agreement between the parties
with regard to the subject matters hereof and thereof and supersede all prior
agreements and understandings relating thereto. Neither this Agreement nor any
term hereof may be amended, waived, discharged or terminated except by an
instrument in writing signed by all the parties hereto.

         10.5 NOTICES. All notices and other communications required or
permitted to be given or sent hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed
to have been sufficiently given or delivered for all purposes if mailed by
registered airmail, transmitted by telex or telecopier, or

                                       16
<PAGE>

delivered by hand to the following respective addresses until otherwise directed
by notice as aforesaid:

                                  To the Purchaser:

                                  RAD Data Communications Ltd.
                                  12 Hanechoshet Street
                                  Tel Aviv 69710, Israel

                                  Attention:  Mr. Zohar Zisapel

                                  To the Company:

                                  RADVISION Ltd.
                                  8 Hanechoshet Street
                                  Tel Aviv 69710, Israel

                                  Attention:  Mr. Amos Amir

provided, however, that notice of change of address shall be effective only upon
actual receipt.

                  All notices sent by registered mail shall be deemed to have
been received within seventy-two (72) hours of posting. If delivered by hand,
upon their delivery.

         10.6 DELAYS OR OMISSIONS. No delay or omission to exercise any right,
power or remedy upon any breach or default under this Agreement shall impair any
such right, power or remedy of such holder nor shall it be construed to be a
waiver of any such breach or default, or in acquiescence therein, or of any
similar breach or default thereafter occurring; nor shall any waiver of any
single breach or default be deemed a waiver of any other breach or default
theretofore or thereafter occurring. Any waiver, permit, consent or approval of
any kind or character on the part of any holder of any breach or default under
this Agreement, or any waiver on the part of any holder of any holder of any
provisions or conditions of this Agreement shall be effective only if made in
writing and only to the extent specifically set forth in such writing. All
remedies, either under this Agreement or by virtue of law or otherwise afforded
to any holder, shall be cumulative and not alternative.

         10.7 WAIVER OF DEFAULT. No waiver with respect to any breach or default
in the performance of any obligation under the terms of this Agreement shall be
deemed to be a waiver with respect to any subsequent breach or default, whether
of similar or different nature.

         10.8 RIGHTS; SEVERABILITY. In case any provision of the Agreement shall
be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability
of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired
thereby. The parties hereto shall be obliged to draw up an arrangement in
accordance with the meaning and the object of the invalid provision.

         10.9 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. The Purchaser acknowledges that the
information received by it and such information which will be received pursuant
hereto shall be confidential and is intended for the Purchaser's use only for
the purpose of this Agreement, and the Purchaser will not use or allow the use
of such confidential information or reproduce, disclose or

                                       17
<PAGE>

disseminate such information to any other person (other than the Purchaser's
employees or agents having a need to know the contents of such information, and
the Purchaser's attorneys), except in connection with the exercise of rights
under this Agreement, unless the Company has made such information available to
the public generally or the Purchaser is required to disclose such information
by a governmental body or by judicial order, but only to the persons and the
extent so required.

        10.10 TITLES AND SUBTITLES. The titles of the sections and subsections
of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and are not to be
considered in construing this Agreement.

        10.11 GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed exclusively by,
and construed solely in accordance with, the laws of the State of Israel.

        10.12 (DELETED)

        10.13 Purchaser agrees that the Company will issue to Mr. Eliezer Manor
forty-nine (49) shares against payment of their nominal value.

        10.14 Following the Closing, the Company will amend its Memorandum and
Articles of Association to reflect this Agreement. The Present shareholders and
the Purchasers agree to such amendments.

        10.15 The Company will bear the cost of stamp tax due in connection with
the issuance of shares according to this Agreement.

        IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement in
three (3) original copies, one to the Company, one to the Purchaser and one of
the Present Shareholders, as of the date first above-mentioned.

THE COMPANY                                 THE PURCHASER
RADVISION LTD.                              RAD DATA COMMUNICATIONS LTD.

By: /s/  AMOS AMIR                          By: /s/ ZOHAR ZISAPEL
    ----------------------------                ----------------------------
    Amos Amir, Managing Director            Zohar Zisapel, Managing Director

THE PRESENT SHAREHOLDERS:

/s/ YEHUDA ZISAPEL                          /s/ ZOHAR ZISAPEL
--------------------------------            --------------------------------
Yehuda Zisapel                              Zohar Zisapel

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT 1

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
                                           NO. OF SHARES                     SHARES       TOTAL NO.      OWNERSHIP
                                           PRIOR TO          INVESTED        ISSUED AT    AFTER CLOSING  AFTER
NAME OF SHAREHOLDER                        INVESTMENT        AMOUNT          CLOSING                     CLOSING
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
<S>                                        <C>               <C>             <C>          <C>            <C>
Yehunda Zisapel                                       6,930                                       6,930       15.34%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Zohar Zisapel                                         6,930                                       6,930       15.34%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Yehuda Zisapel and Zohar Zisapel (as                  5,940                                       5,940       13.15%
trustees)
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Amos Amir                                               932                                         932        2.06%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
RAD Data Communications Ltd.                                        710,030                       3,515        7.78%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Zohar Gilon                                                          60,600                         300         .66%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Avraham Neuman                                                       60,600                         300         .66%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Yair Tauman                                                          60,600                         300         .66%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
W.S.P. Capital Investments Ltd.                                      37,976                         188         .42%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Lannet Data Communications Ltd.                                     999,900                       4,950       10.95%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Lerosh Investments Ltd.                                              99,990                         495        1.10%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Gevahim Investments House Limited Ltd.                               20,200                         100         .22%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Yoav Chelouche                                                       49,692                         246        0.54%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Permal Emerging Growth V Ltd.                                       194,930                         965        2.14%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Maritime-Julex Investment Ltd.                                       99,990                         495        1.10%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Shraga Blazer                                                         5,050                          25        0.06%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Eli Luz                                                              30,098                         149        0.33%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Clal Venture Capital LP                                             999,900                       4,950       10.95%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
ECI Telecom Ltd.                                                    499,950                       2,475        5.48%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Eliezer Manor                                                                                        49        0.11%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Finovelec                                                           550,046                       2,723        6.03%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Factory Systemes                                                    250,076                       1,238        2.74%
------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ -------------- ------------
Houston Venture Partners Ltd.                                       199,980                         990        2.19%
------------------------------------------ ================= =============== ============ ============== ============
                                                     20,732       4,929,608                      45,185      100.00%
------------------------------------------ ================= =============== ============ ============== ============
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT 5.7

To:      Purchaser
         (as defined in the attached Agreement
         dated April 18, 1995)

                                     OPINION

I, the undersigned, as counsel to RADVision Ltd., hereby give my opinion, to the
best of my knowledge at this time as follows:

         1. ORGANIZATION AND STANDING. RADVision Ltd. ("RADVision") is a company
duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Israel and is in good
standing under such laws. RADVision has the requisite corporate power to own and
operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business as presently
conducted.

         2. CAPITALIZATION. The RADVision' s authorized capital is sixty
thousand (60,000) Ordinary Shares. The RADVision's issued capital stock
immediately prior to the Closing date shall consist of twenty thousand seven
hundred thirty-two (20,732) Ordinary Shares, all of which are duly authorized,
validly issued and free of any liens or encumbrances. Out of the issued share
capital, thirteen thousand eight hundred sixty (13,860) shares are fully paid
and six thousand eight hundred seventy-two (6,872) shares are partially paid.
All shares are non-assessable, and to the best of RADVision `s knowledge and
belief, are beneficially owned by their holders of record. There are no
preemptive, conversion or other rights, options, or agreements granted or issued
by, or binding upon, RADVision or the shareholders which entitle any person,
firm or corporation to purchase or acquire any shares of RADVision's capital
stock, except as set forth in this Agreement.

         The rights, restrictions, privileges and preferences with respect to
RADVision's shares, as set forth in its Memorandum of Association and Articles
of Association, are valid and enforceable. To the best of my knowledge, there
are no outstanding rights, options, warrants, conversion rights or agreements
for the purchase or acquisition from RADVision of any shares of its capital
stock, except as stated in its Memorandum and Articles of Association.

         3. COMPLIANCE WITH LAW AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS. The execution, delivery
and performance of the Agreement dated April 18, 1995 between RADVision and the
Purchaser (the "Agreement") will not result in any violation of, or be in
conflict with or constitute a default under, any applicable law, regulation or
order, RADVision's Memorandum of Association or Articles of Association. To the
best of my knowledge, the execution, delivery and performance of the Agreement
and consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby, will not result in
any violation of, or be in conflict with or constitute a default under, any term
of any mortgage, indenture, contract, agreement, instrument, judgment, decree or
order applicable to RADVision, or result in the creation of any mortgage,
pledge, lien, encumbrance or charge upon any of the properties or assets of
RADVision pursuant to any such term.

<PAGE>

         4. LITIGATION. To the best of my knowledge, there are neither any
actions, proceedings nor investigations pending or threatened against RADVision
or its assets or properties.

         5. EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS. The agreements between RADVision and its
employees (except for Danny Levin) as referred to in Sections 5.5 and 5.6 of the
Agreement have been duly executed and delivered by, and constitute valid and
binding obligations of, all such employees, enforceable by RADVision in
accordance with their terms.

         6. STATEMENTS AND FACTS. Nothing has come to my attention that would
lead me to believe that the Agreement contains any untrue statement of a
material fact or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading.

                                           /s/ NEHAMA SNEH
                                           ------------------------------
                                           Nehama Sneh
                                           Advocate

Dated:  April 18, 1995

(opinion/6)

<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT 8.2

                               REGISTRATION RIGHTS

         1. INCIDENTAL REGISTRATION. If the Company shall elect to offer any of
its securities to the public, it shall give notice to the Purchaser of such
intention and shall include in such offering a portion of all shareholders
shares equal to the total amount of shares registered, multiplied by an amount
derived by dividing the number of Shares held by each shareholder by the total
number of shares outstanding at that time. In the event the public offering
involves an underwriting, the rights of the shareholders hereunder shall be
conditional upon the underwriter's determination as to marketing factors
requiring the limitation of such right, and the underwriter may preclude from
the offering any or all securities which could have otherwise been included in
the offering.

         2. DEMAND REGISTRATION. At any time commencing one year following the
closing of the Company's initial public offering, and for a period of three (3)
years thereafter, each group of shareholders as defined in section 9.1 and/or
Lannet Data Communications Ltd. shall be entitled to demand one registration of
any or all of its shares held at the time of the initial public offering for
trading on any securities exchange; PROVIDED, however, that such request must
cover Shares representing a market value at the time of such request equal to a
minimum of three million Dollars ($3,000,000); and PROVIDED FURTHER, however,
that such request may not include Shares which within three months from the date
of such request could be sold to the public without restriction, for example
pursuant to the provisions of Rule 144 of the Securities and Exchange
Commission. Within 20 days after receipt, the Company shall give written notice
of such request to the other shareholders and shall include in such registration
all Shares held by them with respect to which the Company receives written
requests for inclusion therein within 15 days after the receipt of the Company's
notice. Thereupon, the Company shall use its best efforts to effect the
registration as soon as possible of all Shares (as to which it has received
requests for registration) for trading on a securities exchange, where the
Shares are then traded, specified in the request for registration. In the event
the registration involves an underwriting, the rights of the shareholders
hereunder shall be conditional upon the underwriter's determination as to
marketing factors requiring the limitation of such right, and the underwriter
may preclude from the offering any or all securities which could have otherwise
been included in the offering. Notwithstanding any other provision of this
clause 2 of Exhibit 8.2, after the Company has effected one such registrations
pursuant to this clause 2, and such registrations have been declared or ordered
effective, in the event that the Company shall furnish to such shareholder(s)
delivering a request for registration a certificate signed by the President of
the Company stating that in the good faith judgment of the Board of Directors of
the Company it would be seriously detrimental to the Company or its shareholders
for a registration statement to be filed in the near future, the Company's
obligation to use its best efforts to register, qualify or comply under this
clause 2 shall be deferred for a period not to exceed 120 days from the date of
receipt of such request.

         3. EXPENSES. All expenses incurred in connection with a registration
under Section 2 shall be borne by the selling shareholders participating in such
registration on a pro rata basis; PROVIDED, however, that the Company shall pay
any expenses associated with such registration which the Company would have
incurred in the ordinary course of business. All

<PAGE>

expenses incurred in connection with a registration under Section 1 shall be
borne by the Company; PROVIDED, however, that each of the shareholders
participating in such registration shall pay its pro rata portion of the fees,
discounts or commissions payable to any underwriter.

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