Document:

<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.1
================================================================================

                          ROBBINS & MYERS, INC., ISSUER

                                       TO

                              ___________, TRUSTEE

                                 ---------------

                                    INDENTURE

                         DATED AS OF _______ ___, 200__

                                 --------------

                         [SUBORDINATED] DEBT SECURITIES

================================================================================

<PAGE>

Reconciliation and tie between Indenture, dated as of__________, 200__, and the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939 SECTION                            INDENTURE SECTION
-----------------------------------                            -----------------
<S>                                                            <C>
         310  (a)(1)                                             6.12
              (a)(2)                                             6.12
              (a)(3)                                             Not applicable
              (a)(4)                                             Not applicable
              (a)(5)                                             TIA
              (b)                                                6.3; 6.10
         311  (a)                                                6.3
              (b)                                                6.3
         312  (a)                                                6.8
              (b)                                                TIA
              (c)                                                TIA
         313  (a)                                                6.7
              (b)                                                6.7
              (c)                                                6.7
              (d)                                                6.7
         314  (a)                                                9.6; 9.7
              (b)                                                Not applicable
              (c)(1)                                             1.2
              (c)(2)                                             1.2
              (c)(3)                                             Not applicable
              (d)                                                Not applicable
              (e)                                                1.2
              (f)                                                TIA
         315  (a)                                                6.1
              (b)                                                6.6
              (c)                                                6.1
              (d)(1)                                             6.1
              (d)(2)                                             6.1
              (d)(3)                                             6.1
              (e)                                                6.10
         316  (a)(1)(A)                                          5.8
              (a)(1)(B)                                          5.7
              (b)                                                5.10
              (c)                                                1.4
         317  (a)(1)                                             5.3
              (a)(2)                                             5.4
              (b)                                                9.3
         318  (a)                                                1.12
              (b)                                                TIA
              (c)                                                1.11; TIA
</TABLE>

This reconciliation and tie section does not constitute part of the Indenture

                                      (i)

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                      PAGE
<S>                                                                                                   <C>
ARTICLE 1 Definitions and Other Provisions of General Application...............................        1

         Section 1.1 Definitions................................................................        1
         Section 1.2 Compliance Certificates and Opinions.......................................        5
         Section 1.3 Form of Document Delivered to Trustee......................................        6
         Section 1.4 Acts of Holders............................................................        6
         Section 1.5 Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company......................................        7
         Section 1.6 Notice to Holders; Waiver..................................................        7
         Section 1.7 Headings and Table of Contents.............................................        7
         Section 1.8 Successors and Assigns.....................................................        8
         Section 1.9 Separability...............................................................        8
         Section 1.10 Benefits of Indenture.....................................................        8
         Section 1.11 Governing Law.............................................................        8
         Section 1.12 Conflict of Any Provision of Indenture With Trust Indenture Act...........        8
         Section 1.13 No Recourse Against Others................................................        8
         Section 1.14 Waiver of Trial by Jury...................................................        8
         Section 1.15 Counterparts..............................................................        8
         Section 1.16 Legal Holidays............................................................        8

ARTICLE 2 Security Forms........................................................................        8

         Section 2.1 Forms Generally............................................................        8
         Section 2.2 Form of Face of Security...................................................        9
         Section 2.3 Form of Reverse of Security................................................       10
         Section 2.4 Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication............................       13

ARTICLE 3 The Securities........................................................................       13

         Section 3.1 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.......................................       13
         Section 3.2 Denominations..............................................................       15
         Section 3.3 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.............................       15
         Section 3.4 Temporary Securities.......................................................       17
         Section 3.5 Registration; Registration of Transfers and Exchanges......................       17
         Section 3.6 Replacement Securities.....................................................       18
         Section 3.7 Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.............................       18
         Section 3.8 Persons Deemed Owners......................................................       19
         Section 3.9 Cancellation...............................................................       19
         Section 3.10 Computation of Interest...................................................       19
         Section 3.11 CUSIP Numbers.............................................................       20

ARTICLE 4 Satisfaction, Discharge and Defeasance................................................       20

         Section 4.1 Termination of Company's Obligations Under the Indenture...................       20
         Section 4.2 Application of Trust Funds.................................................       21
         Section 4.3 Applicability of Defeasance Provisions; Company's Option to Effect
                           Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance....................................       21
         Section 4.4 Defeasance and Discharge...................................................       21
         Section 4.5 Covenant Defeasance........................................................       21
         Section 4.6 Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance............................       22
         Section 4.7 Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust.............       23
         Section 4.8 Transfers and Distribution at Company Request..............................       23
</TABLE>

                                      (ii)

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                                    <C>
ARTICLE 5 Defaults and Remedies.................................................................       23

         Section 5.1 Events of Default..........................................................       23
         Section 5.2 Acceleration, Rescission and Annulment.....................................       25
         Section 5.3 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee............       25
         Section 5.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim...........................................       25
         Section 5.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities................       25
         Section 5.6 Delay or Omission Not Waiver...............................................       26
         Section 5.7 Waiver of Past Defaults....................................................       26
         Section 5.8 Control by Majority........................................................       26
         Section 5.9 Limitation on Suits by Holders.............................................       26
         Section 5.10 Rights of Holders to Receive Payment......................................       26
         Section 5.11 Application of Money Collected............................................       27
         Section 5.12 Restoration of Rights and Remedies........................................       27
         Section 5.13 Rights and Remedies Cumulative............................................       27

ARTICLE 6 The Trustee...........................................................................       27

         Section 6.1 Certain Duties and Responsibilities........................................       27
         Section 6.2 Rights of Trustee..........................................................       28
         Section 6.3 Trustee May Hold Securities................................................       29
         Section 6.4 Money Held in Trust........................................................       29
         Section 6.5 Trustee's Disclaimer.......................................................       29
         Section 6.6 Notice of Defaults.........................................................       29
         Section 6.7 Reports by Trustee to Holders..............................................       29
         Section 6.8 Securityholder Lists.......................................................       29
         Section 6.9 Compensation and Indemnity.................................................       29
         Section 6.10 Replacement of Trustee....................................................       30
         Section 6.11 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor....................................       31
         Section 6.12 Eligibility; Disqualification.............................................       32
         Section 6.13 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business...............       32
         Section 6.14 Appointment of Authenticating Agent.......................................       32
         Section 6.15 Trustee's Application for Instructions From the Company...................       33

ARTICLE 7 Consolidation, Merger or Sale by the Company..........................................       34

ARTICLE 8 Amendments and Supplemental Indentures................................................       34

         Section 8.1 Amendments and Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders..........       34
         Section 8.2 With Consent of Holders....................................................       35
         Section 8.3 Compliance With Trust Indenture Act........................................       35
         Section 8.4 Execution of Amendments and Supplemental Indentures........................       35
         Section 8.5 Effect of Amendments and Supplemental Indentures...........................       36
         Section 8.6 Reference in Securities to Amendments and Supplemental Indentures..........       36

ARTICLE 9 Covenants.............................................................................       36

         Section 9.1 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.................................       36
         Section 9.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency............................................       36
         Section 9.3 Money for Securities to Be Held in Trust; Unclaimed Money..................       36
         Section 9.4 Corporate Existence........................................................       37
         Section 9.5 Insurance..................................................................       37
         Section 9.6 Reports by the Company.....................................................       37
         Section 9.7 Annual Review Certificate; Notice of Default...............................       38
         Section 9.8 Provision of Financial Statements..........................................       38
</TABLE>

                                     (iii)

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                                    <C>
ARTICLE 10 Redemption...........................................................................       38

         Section 10.1 Applicability of Article..................................................       38
         Section 10.2 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.....................................       38
         Section 10.3 Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed....................................       39
         Section 10.4 Notice of Redemption......................................................       39
         Section 10.5 Deposit of Redemption Price...............................................       40
         Section 10.6 Securities Payable on Redemption Date.....................................       40
         Section 10.7 Securities Redeemed in Part...............................................       40

ARTICLE 11 Sinking Funds........................................................................       40

         Section 11.1 Applicability of Article..................................................       40
         Section 11.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments With Securities.....................       41
         Section 11.3 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.................................       41

ARTICLE 12 SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES..........................................................       41

         Section 12.1 Securities Subordinated to Senior Indebtedness............................       41
         Section 12.2 Company Not to Make Payments With Respect to Securities in Certain
                           Circumstances; Limitations on Acceleration of Securities.............       41
         Section 12.3 Securities Subordinated to Prior Payment of All Senior Indebtedness
                           on Dissolution, Liquidation or Reorganization of the Company.........       43
         Section 12.4 Holders to Be Subrogated to Rights of Holders of Senior Indebtedness......       44
         Section 12.5 Obligation of the Company Unconditional...................................       44
         Section 12.6 Knowledge of Trustee......................................................       44
         Section 12.7 Application by Trustee of Moneys Deposited With It........................       45
         Section 12.8 Subordination Rights Not Impaired by Acts or Omissions of Company or
                           Holders of Senior Indebtedness.......................................       45
         Section 12.9 Holders Authorize Trustee to Effectuate Subordination of Securities.......       45
         Section 12.10 Right of Trustee to Hold Senior Indebtedness.............................       45
         Section 12.11 Article 12 Not to Prevent Events of Default..............................       46
         Section 12.12 Paying Agents Other Than the Trustee.....................................       46
         Section 12.13 Trustee's Compensation Not Prejudiced....................................       46
         Section 12.14 Trust Moneys Not Subordinated............................................       46
</TABLE>

                                      (iv)

<PAGE>

         INDENTURE, dated as of __________, 200__, between ROBBINS & MYERS,
INC., an Ohio corporation, (the "Company"), as issuer, and
___________________________, a __________________ corporation, as Trustee (the
"Trustee").

                                    RECITALS

         The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured
debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness ("Securities") to be issued
in one or more series as herein provided.

         All things necessary to make the Securities, when executed by the
Company, the valid obligations of the Company, and to make this Indenture a
valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with their and its terms, have
been done.

         For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders (as hereinafter defined) thereof, it is mutually
covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the
Holders of the Securities:

                                   ARTICLE 1

             DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

         Section 1.1 Definitions. (a) For all purposes of this Indenture, except
as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

                  (1)      the terms defined in this Article have the meanings
         assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the
         singular;

                  (2)      all other terms used herein that are defined in the
         Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the
         meanings assigned to them therein;

                  (3)      all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein
         have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally
         accepted accounting principles; and

                  (4)      the words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and
         other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and
         not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

         "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by, or under direct or indirect common
control with, such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, "control"
when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the
management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through
the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms
"controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

         "Agent" means any Paying Agent or Registrar.

         "Authenticating Agent" means any authenticating agent appointed by the
Trustee pursuant to Section 6.14.

         "Board" or "Board of Directors" means the Board of Directors of the
Company, the executive committee or any other duly authorized committee thereof.

                                      -1-

<PAGE>

         "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution of the Board of
Directors certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to
have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and
effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

         "Business Day," when used with respect to any Place of Payment or any
other particular location referred to in this Indenture or in the Securities,
means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to
Section 3.1, each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a
day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment or particular
location are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

         "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time
to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after
the execution of this Indenture such Commission is not existing and performing
the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, the body performing
such duties at such time.

         "Company" means the Person named as the Company in the introductory
paragraph of this Indenture until one or more successor corporations shall have
become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and
thereafter means such successors.

         "Company Order" and "Company Request" mean, respectively, a written
order or request signed in the name of the Company by the Chairman of the Board,
the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President or, with
respect to Sections 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 6.1, any other employee of the Company
named in an Officers' Certificate delivered to the Trustee.

         "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal office of the Trustee at
which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally
administered.

         "Corporation" includes corporations, associations, companies and
business trusts.

         "Default" means any event that is, or after notice or passage of time,
or both, would be, an Event of Default.

         "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
and all the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

         "Government Obligations" means securities that are (i) direct
obligations of the United States or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or
supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States,
the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit
obligation by the United States, which are not callable or redeemable at the
option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued
by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Government
Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such
Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a
depositary receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is
not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of
such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of
the Government Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.

         "Holder" means a person in whose name a Security is registered on the
Register.

         "Indebtedness" of any Person as of any date means, without duplication,
all indebtedness of such Person in respect of borrowed money, including all
interest, fees and expenses owed in connection therewith, indebtedness evidenced
by notes, debentures, bonds or other instruments of indebtedness, obligations
for the reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, banker's
acceptance or similar credit transaction, or obligations under capitalized
leases and equipment leases.

                                      -2-

<PAGE>

         "Indenture" means this Indenture as originally executed or as amended
or supplemented from time to time and shall include the forms and terms (but not
defined terms established in an Officers' Certificate or a Board Resolution) of
particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 2.1 and
3.1.

         "Indexed Security" means a Security the terms of which provide that the
principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the
principal face amount thereof at original issuance.

         "Interest," when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount
Security which by its terms bears interest only after maturity, means interest
payable after maturity.

         "Interest Payment Date," when used with respect to any Security, means
the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

         "Maturity," when used with respect to any Security, means the date on
which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due
and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by
declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

         "Officer" means the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President,
any Executive Vice President, any Senior Vice President, any Vice President or
the Secretary of the Company.

         "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the Chairman of
the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President.

         "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of legal counsel, who may
be (i) the most senior attorney employed by the Company, (ii) the Company's
outside counsel, or (iii) other counsel designated by the Company and who shall
be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

         "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security that provides for
an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section
5.2.

         "Outstanding," when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the
date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture, except:

                  (i)      Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or
         delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

                  (ii)     Securities, or portions thereof, the payment or
         redemption money of which in the necessary amount has been theretofore
         deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company)
         in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the
         Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such
         Securities, provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed,
         notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this
         Indenture or provisions therefor satisfactory to the Trustee have been
         made;

                  (iii)    Securities, except to the extent provided in Sections
         4.4 and 4.5, with respect to which the Company has effected defeasance
         and/or covenant defeasance as provided in Article 4; and

                  (iv)     Securities that have been paid pursuant to the third
         paragraph of Section 3.6 or in lieu of which other Securities have been
         authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any
         such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to
         the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a
         bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid
         obligations of the Company;

                                      -3-

<PAGE>

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, or whether
sufficient funds are available for redemption or for any other purpose, and for
the purpose of making the calculations required by Section 313 of the Trust
Indenture Act, (y) the principal amount of any Original Issue Discount
Securities that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and
that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the
amount of principal thereof that would be (or shall have been declared to be)
due and payable, at the time of such determination, upon a declaration of
acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2, and (z) Securities
owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate
of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to
be outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be
protected in making such calculation or in relying upon any such request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities
that the Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so
owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as outstanding if the
pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to
act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or
any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such
other obligor.

         "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the
principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Securities on behalf of the
Company.

         "Periodic Offering" means an offering of Securities of a series from
time to time the specific terms of which Securities, including, without
limitation, the rate or rates of interest or formula for determining the rate or
rates of interest thereon, if any, the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities
thereof, the original issue date or dates thereof, the redemption provisions, if
any, with respect thereto, and any other terms specified as contemplated by
Section 3.1 with respect thereto, are to be determined by the Company upon the
issuance of such Securities.

         "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture,
association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

         "Place of Payment," when used with respect to the Securities of or
within any series, means the place or places where, subject to the provisions of
Section 9.2, the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on such Securities
are payable as specified as contemplated by Section 3.1.

         "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security
authenticated and delivered under Section 3.6 in exchange for or in lieu of a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the
same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

         "Redemption Date," when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this
Indenture.

         "Redemption Price," when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, in whole or in part, means the price at which it is to be redeemed
pursuant to this Indenture.

         "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment
Date on the Securities of or within any series means the date specified for that
purpose as contemplated by Section 3.1.

         "Responsible Officer," when used with respect to the Trustee, means the
chairman or any vice chairman of the board of directors, the chairman or any
vice chairman of the executive committee of the board of directors, the chairman
of the trust committee, the president, any senior vice president, any vice
president, any assistant vice president, the secretary, the treasurer, any
assistant treasurer, the cashier, any assistant cashier, any senior trust
officer, any trust officer, the controller, any assistant controller, or any
other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those
performed by the persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively,
and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other
officer to whom such corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her
knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

                                      -4-

<PAGE>

         "Security" or "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital
of this Indenture and more particularly means any Security or Securities of the
Company issued, authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

         "Senior Indebtedness" means all Indebtedness of the Company (other than
the Securities), unless such Indebtedness by its terms, or the terms of the
instrument creating or evidencing it, is subordinate in right of payment to or
pari passu with the Securities.

         "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest on the
Securities of any issue means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section
3.7.

         "Stated Maturity," when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified
in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

         "Subsidiary" means any corporation of which the Company at the time
owns or controls, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the shares of
outstanding stock having general voting power under ordinary circumstances to
elect a majority of the board of directors of such corporation (irrespective of
whether or not at the time stock of any other class or classes of such
corporation shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of
any contingency).

         "Trustee" means the party named as such in the introductory paragraph
of this Indenture until a successor Trustee replaces it pursuant to the
applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter means such successor
Trustee and if, at any time, there is more than one Trustee, "Trustee" as used
with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect
to the Securities of that series.

         "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended, as in effect on the date of this Indenture, except as provided in
Section 8.3.

         "Yield to Maturity" means the yield to maturity, calculated by the
Company at the time of issuance of a series of Securities or, if applicable, at
the most recent determination of interest on such series, in accordance with
accepted financial practice.

                  (b)      The following terms shall have the meanings specified
in the Sections referred to opposite such term below:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
      Term                        Section
      ----                        -------
<S>                               <C>
"Act"                               1.4 (a)
"Bankruptcy Law"                    5.1
"Custodian"                         5.1
"Defaulted Interest"                3.7
"Event of Default"                  5.1
"Register"                          3.5
"Registrar"                         3.5
</TABLE>

         Section 1.2 Compliance Certificates and Opinions. Upon any application
or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision
of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this
Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion
of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions
precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such
application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is
specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such
particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be
furnished.

                                      -5-

<PAGE>

         Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than pursuant to
Sections 2.1, 3.1, 3.3 and 9.7) shall include:

                  (a)      a statement that each individual signing such
         certificate or opinion has read such condition or covenant and the
         definitions herein relating thereto;

                  (b)      a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
         examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions
         contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

                  (c)      a statement that, in the opinion of each such
         individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is
         necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or
         not such condition or covenant has been complied with; and

                  (d)      a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each
         such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

         Section 1.3 Form of Document Delivered to Trustee. In any case where
several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of,
any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by,
or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified
or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an
opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to
other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such
matters in one or several documents.

         Any certificates or opinions of an Officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, counsel, unless such Officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care would have known, that the certificate or opinion or
representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or
opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate or Opinion of Counsel may
be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or
opinion of, or representations by, an Officer or Officers of the Company stating
that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession
of the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care
would have known, that the certificate or opinion or representations as to such
matters are erroneous.

         Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.

         Section 1.4 Acts of Holders. (a) Any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to
be given or taken by the Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more
instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or
by agent duly appointed in writing. Except as herein otherwise expressly
provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments
are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the
Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and
evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the Holders
signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such
instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any
purpose of this Indenture and conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the
Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section.

                  (b)      The fact and date of the execution by any Person of
any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of
such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer
authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the
individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution
thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his
individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute
sufficient proof of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any
such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same,
may also be proved in any other reasonable manner that the Trustee deems
sufficient.

                                      -6-

<PAGE>

                  (c)      The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the
Register.

                  (d)      Any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind
every future Holder of the same Security and the holder of every Security issued
upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu
thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the
Trustee or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such
action is made upon such Security.

                  (e)      If the Company shall solicit from the Holders any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act,
the Company may, at its option, by or pursuant to an Officers' Certificate
delivered to the Trustee, fix in advance a record date for the determination of
Holders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other Act, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so.
If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be given before or after such record
date, but only the Holders of record at the close of business on such record
date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purpose of determining whether
Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized,
agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities
shall be computed as of such record date; provided, however, that no such
authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders on such record date shall be
deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of
clause (a) of this Section 1.4 not later than 180 days after the record date.

         Section 1.5 Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company. Any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other
document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or
furnished to, or filed with,

                  (a)      the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or
         filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office
         or

                  (b)      the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein
         expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage
         prepaid, to the Company addressed to it at Robbins & Myers, Inc., 1400
         Kettering Tower, Dayton, Ohio 45423, Attention: Secretary or at any
         other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the
         Company.

         Section 1.6 Notice to Holders; Waiver. Where this Indenture provides
for notice to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given
(unless otherwise herein expressly provided or otherwise agreed to by a Holder)
if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected
by such event, at his address as it appears in the Register, within the time
prescribed for the giving of such notice.

         In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the
failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any
particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to
other Holders. Any notice mailed to a Holder in the manner herein prescribed
shall be conclusively deemed to have been received by such Holder, whether or
not such Holder actually receives such notice.

         If by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of
any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice as provided above,
then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall
constitute sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

         Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may
be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either
before or after the event, and such waiver shall be equivalent to such notice.
Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing
shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in
reliance upon such waiver.

         Section 1.7 Headings and Table of Contents. The Article and Section
headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not
affect the construction hereof.

                                      -7-

<PAGE>

         Section 1.8 Successors and Assigns. All covenants and agreements in
this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so
expressed or not.

         Section 1.9 Separability. In case any provision of this Indenture or
the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity,
legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be
affected or impaired thereby.

         Section 1.10 Benefits of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or in the
Securities, expressed or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the
parties hereto, any Registrar, any Paying Agent, any Authenticating Agent and
their successors hereunder, and the Holders any benefit or any legal or
equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

         Section 1.11 Governing Law. THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE
GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are
required to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be
governed by such provisions.

         Section 1.12 Conflict of Any Provision of Indenture With Trust
Indenture Act. If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits,
qualifies or conflicts with any provision (an "incorporated provision") required
by or deemed to be included in this Indenture by operation of the Trust
Indenture Act, such imposed duties or incorporated provisions shall control. If
any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust
Indenture Act that may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be
deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or excluded, as the case may
be.

         Section 1.13 No Recourse Against Others. A director, officer, employee
or shareholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any
obligations of the Company under the Securities or this Indenture or for any
claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their
creation. Each Holder by accepting any of the Securities waives and releases all
such liability.

         Section 1.14 Waiver of Trial by Jury. The Company, the Trustee and the
Holders hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive the right to trial by jury
in connection with any claim arising out of or relating to the Securities and
under this Indenture.

         Section 1.15 Counterparts. This Indenture may be executed in any number
of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall
together constitute but one instrument.

         Section 1.16 Legal Holidays. In any case where any Interest Payment
Date, Redemption Date, sinking fund payment date, Stated Maturity or Maturity of
any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then
(notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any Security other
than a provision in the Securities of any series that specifically states that
such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section) payment of principal,
premium, if any, or interest need not be made at such Place of Payment on such
date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of
Payment with the same force and effect as if made on such date; provided,
however, that no interest shall accrue on the amount so payable for the period
from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, sinking fund payment
date, Stated Maturity or Maturity, as the case may be.

                                   ARTICLE 2

                                 SECURITY FORMS

         Section 2.1 Forms Generally. The Securities of each series shall be in
substantially the form set forth in this Article, or in such other form or forms
as shall be established by delivery to the Trustee of an Officers' Certificate
or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such
appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are
required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such

                                      -8-

<PAGE>

letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or
endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any
securities exchange or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the
Officers executing such Securities as evidenced by their execution of the
Securities. If temporary Securities of any series are issued as permitted by
Section 3.4, the form thereof also shall be established as provided in the
preceding sentence. If the form of Securities of any series are established by
an Officers' Certificate, such Officers' Certificate shall be delivered to the
Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section
3.3 for the authentication and delivery of such Securities.

         The permanent Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved or
produced by any combination of these methods or may be produced in any other
manner, all as determined by the Officers executing such Securities as evidenced
by their execution of such Securities.

         Section 2.2 Form of Face of Security. [If the Security is an Original
Issue Discount Security, insert FOR PURPOSES OF SECTIONS 1273 AND 1275 OF THE
UNITED STATES INTERNAL REVENUE CODE, THE AMOUNT OF ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT ON
THIS SECURITY IS ________% OF ITS PRINCIPAL AMOUNT AND THE ISSUE DATE IS
_______________, 200___ [, -- AND] THE YIELD TO MATURITY IS ________%. [THE
METHOD USED TO DETERMINE THE YIELD IS ____________________ AND THE AMOUNT OF
ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT APPLICABLE TO THE SHORT ACCRUAL PERIOD OF
______________, 200___ TO _____________________, 200___ IS _________% OF THE
PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THIS SECURITY.]]

                              ROBBINS & MYERS, INC.

$_______________                                                 No. ___________

         ROBBINS & MYERS, INC., a corporation duly organized and existing under
the laws of the state of Ohio (herein called the "Company," which term includes
any successor corporation under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for
value received, hereby promises to pay to _________________________________ or
registered assigns, the principal sum of ________________________ Dollars
($____________) on________________. [If the Security is to bear interest prior
to Maturity: and to pay interest thereon from
___________________________________ or from the most recent Interest Payment
Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, semiannually on
________________ and ________________ in each year, commencing ________________,
[If the Security is to bear interest at a fixed rate: at the rate of
____________% per annum] [if the Security is to bear interest at an adjustable
rate: at a rate per annum computed or determined in accordance with the
provisions below], until the principal hereof is paid or made available for
payment [If applicable: and (to the extent that the payment of such interest
shall be legally enforceable) at the rate of ________% per annum on any overdue
principal and premium and on any overdue installment of interest]. The interest
so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment
Date will, as provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name
this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close
of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be the
____________ or (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, the next
Business Day preceding such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so
punctually paid or duly provided for will forthwith cease to be payable to the
Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose
name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the
close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted
Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of
Securities of this series not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record
Date, or be paid at any time in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with
the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities of this
series may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange,
all as more fully provided in said Indenture].

         [If the Security is not to bear interest prior to Maturity: The
principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a
default in payment of principal upon acceleration or redemption or at the Stated
Maturity and, in such case, the overdue principal of this Security shall bear
interest at the rate of ________% per annum (to the extent that the payment of
such interest shall be legally enforceable), which shall accrue from the date of
such default in payment to the date payment of such principal has been made or
duly provided for. Interest on any

                                      -9-

<PAGE>

overdue principal shall be payable on demand. Any such interest on any overdue
principal that is not so paid on demand shall bear interest at the rate of
________% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be
legally enforceable), which shall accrue from the date of such demand for
payment to the date payment of such interest has been made or duly provided for,
and such interest shall also be payable on demand.] Payment of the principal of
(and premium, if any, on) and [If applicable: any such] interest on this
Security will be made at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that
purpose in the city and state of New York in such coin or currency of the United
States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of
public and private debts [if applicable: provided, however, that at the option
of the Company payment of interest may be made by check mailed on or before the
relevant Interest Payment Date to the address of the Person entitled thereto as
such address shall appear in the Register].

         Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set
forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes
have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

         Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by
the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security
shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or
obligatory for any purpose.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly
executed.

Dated:__________________

                                                    ROBBINS & MYERS, INC.

                                                    By:_________________________
Attest:_________________

         Section 2.3 Form of Reverse of Security. This Security is one of a duly
authorized issue of securities of the Company (herein called the "Securities")
issued and to be issued in one or more series under an Indenture, dated as of
________________, 200___ (herein called the "Indenture"), between the Company
(which term includes any successor corporation under the Indenture) and
_____________________________________________, as Trustee (herein called the
"Trustee," which term includes any successor trustee under the Indenture with
respect to the series of which this Security is a part), to which the Indenture
and all indentures supplemental thereto reference is hereby made for a statement
of the respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities
thereunder of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and of
the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and
delivered. This Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof [,
limited in aggregate principal amount to $_____________________]. [If
applicable: The Securities of this series are subject to redemption upon not
less than 30 days' notice by mail, [if applicable: (1) on ________________ in
any year commencing with the year ________________ and ending with the year
________________ at a Redemption Price equal to ________% of the principal
amount and (2)] at any time [on or after 200__], as a whole or in part, at the
election of the Company, at the following Redemption Prices (expressed as
percentages of the principal amount): If redeemed [on or before _______________,
_______%, and if redeemed] during the 12-month period beginning _____________ of
the years indicated,

         [If applicable: The indebtedness evidenced by this Security is, to the
extent provided in the Indenture, subordinate and subject in right of payment to
the prior payment in full of all indebtedness and obligations of the Company as
are defined in the Indenture as "Senior Indebtedness," and this Security is
issued subject to the provisions of the Indenture with respect thereto. Each
Holder of this Security, by accepting the same, agrees to and shall be bound by
such provisions. Each Holder of this Security, by accepting the same, agrees
that each holder of Senior Indebtedness, whether created or acquired before or
after the issuance of this Security, shall be deemed

                                      -10-

<PAGE>

conclusively to have relied on such subordination provisions in acquiring, or in
continuing to hold, such Senior Indebtedness.]

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year         Redemption Price              Year                 Redemption Price
----         ----------------              ----                 ----------------
<S>          <C>                           <C>                  <C>
</TABLE>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to ____% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption with accrued interest to the
Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior
to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or
one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the
relevant Regular Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in
the Indenture.] [If applicable: The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than 30 days' notice by mail, (1) on ________________
in any year commencing with the year _____________ and ending with the year
________________ through operation of the sinking fund for this series at the
Redemption Prices for redemption through operation of the sinking fund
(expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below
and (2) at any time [on or after ________________], as a whole or in part, at
the election of the Company, at the Redemption Prices for redemption otherwise
than through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as percentages of the
principal amount) set forth in the table below: If redeemed during the 12-month
period beginning ________________ of the years indicated,

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
         Redemption Price for Redemption Through           Redemption Price for Redemption Otherwise
Year           Operation of the Sinking Fund              Than Through Operation of the Sinking Fund
----     ---------------------------------------          ------------------------------------------
<S>      <C>                                              <C>
</TABLE>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to _______% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption (whether through operation of the
sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but
interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption
Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant
Regular Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the
Indenture.]

         [Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may not, prior to
_______________, redeem any Securities of this series as contemplated by [clause
(2) of] the preceding paragraph as a part of, or in anticipation of, any
refunding operation by the application, directly or indirectly, of moneys
borrowed having an interest cost to the Company (calculated in accordance with
generally accepted financial practice) of less than ________% per annum.]

         [The sinking fund for this series provides for the redemption on
____________ in each year beginning with the year _____________ and ending with
the year ___________ of [not less than] $______________ [("mandatory sinking
fund")] and not more than $____________ aggregate principal amount of Securities
of this series. [Securities of this series acquired or redeemed by the Company
otherwise than through [mandatory] sinking fund payments may be credited against
subsequent [mandatory] sinking fund payments otherwise required to be made in
the [describe order] order in which they become due.]]

         [In the event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new
Security or Securities of this series for the unredeemed portion hereof will be
issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.]

         [If applicable: The Securities of this series are subject to the
covenant defeasance provisions set forth in Article Four of the Indenture.]

                                      -11-

<PAGE>

         [If the Security is not an Original Issue Discount Security: If an
Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due
and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.]

         [If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security: If an Event of
Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be continuing,
an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due and
payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture. Such amount
shall be equal to [insert formula for determining the amount]. Upon payment (i)
of the amount of principal so declared due and payable and (ii) of interest on
any overdue principal and overdue interest (in each case to the extent that the
payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), all of the Company's
obligations in respect of the payment of the principal of and interest, if any,
on the Securities of this series shall terminate.]

         The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the
amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be
affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the
consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains provisions
permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of each series, on behalf of the Holders of all
Outstanding Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company with
certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the
Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of
this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all
future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration
of transfer hereof or in exchange or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of
such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.

         No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security
or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which
is absolute and unconditional, to pay the amount of principal of (and premium,
if any, on) and interest, if any, on this Security herein provided, and at the
times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed.

         As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein
set forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Register, upon
surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or agency
of the Company in any place where the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and
interest, if any, on this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or accompanied
by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the
Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his attorney duly authorized in
writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of this series, of authorized
denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the
designated transferee or transferees.

         The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form
without coupons in denominations of $_______________ and any integral multiple
thereof. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein
set forth, Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate
principal amount of Securities of this series of different authorized
denominations as requested by the Holder surrendering the same.

         No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer
or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

         Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer,
the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat
the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all
purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company nor
the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

         All terms used in this Security that are defined in the Indenture shall
have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

                                      -12-

<PAGE>

         Section 2.4 Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication. The
Trustee's certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following
form:

         This is one of the Securities of a series issued under the
within-mentioned Indenture.

                                              __________________________________
                                              as Trustee

                                              By:_______________________________
                                                 Authorized Signatory

                                   ARTICLE 3

                                 THE SECURITIES

         Section 3.1 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series. (a) The aggregate
principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued from time to time in
one or more series.

                  (b)      The following matters shall be established and
(subject to Section 3.3) set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an
Officers' Certificate and a Board Resolution of the Company or one or more
indentures supplemental hereto:

                           (1)      the title of the Securities of the series
                  (which title shall distinguish the Securities of the series
                  from all other Securities);

                           (2)      any limit upon the aggregate principal
                  amount of the Securities of the series that may be
                  authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (which limit
                  shall not pertain to (i) Securities authenticated and
                  delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange
                  for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to
                  Section 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 8.6, or 10.7 and (ii) any Securities
                  that, pursuant to the last paragraph of Section 3.3, are
                  deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered
                  thereunder);

                           (3)      the date or dates on which the principal of
                  the Securities of the series is payable or the method of
                  determination thereof;

                           (4)      the rate or rates at which the Securities of
                  the series shall bear interest, if any, or the method of
                  calculating such rate or rates of interest, the date or dates
                  from which such interest shall accrue or the method by which
                  such date or dates shall be determined, the Interest Payment
                  Dates on which any such interest shall be payable and the
                  Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on any
                  Interest Payment Date;

                           (5)      the place or places where, subject to the
                  provisions of Section 9.2, the principal of, premium, if any,
                  and interest, if any, on Securities of the series shall be
                  payable;

                           (6)      the period or periods within which, the
                  price or prices at which, and the other terms and conditions
                  upon which, Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole
                  or in part, at the option of the Company and, if other than as
                  provided in Section 10.3, the manner in which the particular
                  Securities of such series (if less than all Securities of such
                  series are to be redeemed) are to be selected for redemption;

                                      -13-

<PAGE>

                           (7)      the obligation, if any, of the Company to
                  redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any
                  sinking fund or analogous provisions or upon the happening of
                  a specified event or at the option of a Holder thereof and the
                  period or periods within which, the price or prices at which,
                  and the other terms and conditions upon which, Securities of
                  the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in
                  part, pursuant to such obligation;

                           (8)      if other than denominations of $1,000 and
                  any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which
                  Securities of the series shall be issuable;

                           (9)      if the amount of payments or principal of,
                  premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Securities of
                  the series shall be determined with reference to an index,
                  formula or other method, the index, formula or other method by
                  which such amounts shall be determined;

                           (10)     if other than the principal amount thereof,
                  the portion of the principal amount of such Securities of the
                  series that shall be payable upon declaration of the
                  acceleration thereof pursuant to Section 5.2 or the method by
                  which such portion shall be determined;

                           (11)     if other than as provided in Section 3.7,
                  the Person to whom any interest on any Security of the series
                  shall be payable and the extent to which, or the manner in
                  which (including any certification requirement and other terms
                  and conditions under which), any interest payable on a
                  temporary Security on an Interest Payment Date will be paid if
                  other than in the manner provided in Section 3.4, as
                  applicable;

                           (12)     provisions, if any, granting special rights
                  to the Holders of Securities of the series upon the occurrence
                  of such events as may be specified;

                           (13)     any deletions from, modifications of or
                  additions to the Events of Default set forth in Section 5.1 or
                  covenants of the Company set forth in Article 9 pertaining to
                  the Securities of the series;

                           (14)     under what circumstances, if any, the
                  Company will pay additional amounts on the Securities of that
                  series held by a Person who is not a U.S. Person in respect of
                  taxes or similar charges withheld or deducted and, if so,
                  whether the Company will have the option to redeem such
                  Securities rather than pay such additional amounts (and the
                  terms of any such option);

                           (15)     the date as of which any temporary Security
                  representing outstanding Securities of the series shall be
                  dated if other than the date of original issuance of the first
                  Security of the series to be issued;

                           (16)     the applicability, if any, to the Securities
                  of or within the series of Sections 4.4 and 4.5, or such other
                  means of defeasance or covenant defeasance as may be specified
                  for the Securities of such series;

                           (17)     if other than the Trustee, the identity of
                  the Registrar and any Paying Agent;

                           (18)     any terms that may be related to warrants
                  issued by the Company in connection with, or for the purchase
                  of, Securities of such series, including whether and under
                  what circumstances the Securities of any series may be used
                  toward the exercise price of any such warrants; and

                           (19)     [if applicable: any deletions from,
                  modifications of or additions to the subordination provisions
                  set forth in Article 12 pertaining to the Securities of the
                  Series;]

                                      -14-

<PAGE>

                           (20)     any other terms of the series (which terms
                  shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this
                  Indenture), including any terms that may be required by or
                  advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable
                  in connection with the marketing of Securities of the series.

                  (c)      All Securities of any one series shall be
substantially identical except as to denomination and the rate or rates of
interest, if any, and Stated Maturity, the date from which interest, if any,
shall accrue and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to an
Officers' Certificate pursuant to this Section 3.1 or in an indenture
supplemental hereto. All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the
same time and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the
consent of the Holders, for issuances of additional Securities of such series or
for the establishment of additional terms with respect to the Securities of such
series.

                  (d)      If any of the terms of the Securities of any series
are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of such
Board Resolution shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary
of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the
Officers' Certificate setting forth, or providing the manner for determining,
the terms of the Securities of such series, and an appropriate record of any
action taken pursuant thereto in connection with the issuance of any Securities
of such series shall be delivered to the Trustee prior to the authentication and
delivery thereof. With respect to Securities of a series subject to a Periodic
Offering, such Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate may provide general
terms for Securities of such series and provide either that the specific terms
of particular Securities of such series shall be specified in a Company Order or
that such terms shall be determined by the Company, or one or more of the
Company's agents designated in an Officers' Certificate, in accordance with the
Company Order as contemplated by the third paragraph of Section 3.3.

         Section 3.2 Denominations. The Securities of each series shall be
issuable only in definitive registered form without coupons and in such
denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by Section 3.1. In the
absence of any such provisions with respect to the Securities of any series, the
Securities of such series shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any
integral multiple thereof.

         Section 3.3 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating. Securities
shall be executed on behalf of the Company by the Chairman, President or Chief
Executive Officer and attested to by the Secretary of the Company. The
signatures of such Officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile
signatures of the present or any future such authorized Officers and may be
imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities.

         Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals
who were at any time the proper Officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

         At any time and from time to time, the Company may deliver Securities
of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication,
together with a Company Order for the authentication and make available for
delivery such Securities, and the Trustee, in accordance with the Company Order,
shall authenticate and deliver such Securities; provided, however, that in the
case of Securities offered in a Periodic Offering, the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver such Securities from time to time in accordance with
such other procedures (including, without limitation, the receipt by the Trustee
of oral or electronic instructions from the Company or its duly authorized
agents, promptly confirmed in writing) acceptable to the Trustee as may be
specified by or pursuant to a Company Order delivered to the Trustee prior to
the time of the first authentication of Securities of such series.

         If the form or terms of the Securities of a series have been
established by or pursuant to one or more Officers' Certificates as permitted by
Sections 2.1 and 3.1, in authenticating such Securities and accepting the
additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities,
the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 315(a) through
(d) of the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an
Opinion of Counsel stating that,

                                      -15-

<PAGE>

                  (a)      the forms and terms of such Securities have been
         established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture, and

                  (b)      such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by
         the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any
         conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid
         and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in
         accordance with their terms, subject to customary exceptions;

provided, however, that, with respect to Securities of a series subject to a
Periodic Offering, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive such Opinion of
Counsel only once at or prior to the time of the first authentication of
Securities of such series and that the Opinion of Counsel above may state:

                  (y)      that the forms of such Securities have been, and the
         terms of such Securities (when established in accordance with such
         procedures as may be specified from time to time in a Company Order,
         all as contemplated by and in accordance with a Board Resolution or an
         Officers' Certificate pursuant to Section 3.1, as the case may be) will
         have been, established in conformity with the provisions of this
         Indenture; and

                  (z)      that such Securities, when (1) executed by the
         Company, (2) completed, authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in
         accordance with this Indenture, and (3) issued by the Company in the
         manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of
         Counsel, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the
         Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to
         customary exceptions.

         With respect to Securities of a series subject to a Periodic Offering,
the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the authorization by the Company of any
of such Securities, the form and terms thereof and the legality, validity,
binding effect and enforceability thereof, upon the Opinion of Counsel and other
documents delivered pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 3.1, as applicable, at or prior
to the time of the first authentication of Securities of such series unless and
until it has received written notification that such Opinion of Counsel or other
documents have been superseded or revoked. In connection with the authentication
and delivery of Securities of a series subject to a Periodic Offering, the
Trustee shall be entitled to assume that the Company's instructions to
authenticate and deliver such Securities do not violate any rules, regulations
or orders of any governmental agency or commission having jurisdiction over the
Company.

         If the form or terms of the Securities of a series have been
established by or pursuant to one or more Officers' Certificates as permitted by
Sections 2.1 and 3.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to
authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this
Indenture will adversely affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities
under this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable
to the Trustee.

         Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.1 and of the two preceding
paragraphs, if all of the Securities of any series are not to be issued at one
time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers' Certificate otherwise
required pursuant to Section 3.1 at or prior to the time of the authentication
of each Security of such series if the Officers' Certificate is delivered at or
prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the first Security of such
series to be issued.

         Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

         No Security shall be entitled to any benefits under this Indenture or
be valid or obligatory for any purpose until authenticated by the manual
signature of one of the authorized signatories of the Trustee or an
Authenticating Agent. Such signature upon any Security shall be conclusive
evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture and is entitled to the benefits of this
Indenture.

                                      -16-

<PAGE>

         Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company,
and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as
provided in Section 3.9, together with a written statement (which need not
comply with Section 1.2 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel)
stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the Company, for
all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall not be entitled to the benefits
of this Indenture.

         Section 3.4 Temporary Securities. Pending the preparation of definitive
Securities of any series, the Company may execute and, upon Company Order, the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver temporary Securities of such series that
are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in
any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor and form of the
definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with such appropriate
insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the Officers
executing such Securities may determine, as conclusively evidenced by their
execution of such Securities.

         If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will
cause permanent Securities of such series to be prepared without unreasonable
delay. After preparation of such permanent Securities, the temporary Securities
shall be exchangeable for such permanent Securities of like tenor upon surrender
of the temporary Securities of such series at the office or agency of the
Company pursuant to Section 9.2 in a Place of Payment for such series, without
charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more
temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of
permanent Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like
tenor. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of any series shall in all
respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as permanent
Securities of such series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by
Section 3.1.

         Section 3.5 Registration; Registration of Transfers and Exchanges. The
Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee or
in any office or agency to be maintained by the Company in accordance with
Section 9.2 in a Place of Payment a register (the "Register") in which, subject
to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide
for the registration of Securities and the registration of transfers of
Securities. The Register shall be in written form or any other form capable of
being converted into written form within a reasonable time. The Trustee is
hereby appointed "Registrar" for the purpose of registering Securities and
transfers of Securities as herein provided.

         Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of any
series at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 9.2 in a Place of
Payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or
transferees, one or more new Securities of the same series, of any authorized
denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor.

         At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged
for other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of
like aggregate principal amount containing identical terms and provisions, upon
surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever
any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities that the Holder
making the exchange is entitled to receive.

         Whenever any Securities are surrendered for exchange, the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities that the
Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

         All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or upon any
exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing
the same debt and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as the
Securities surrendered upon such registration of such transfer or exchange.

         Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or
for exchange shall (if so required by the Company, the Registrar or the Trustee)
be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to those of the Company, the Registrar and the Trustee requiring
such written instrument of transfer duly executed by the Holder thereof or his
attorney duly authorized in writing.

                                      -17-

<PAGE>

         No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or for
any exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in
connection with any registration, transfer or exchange of Securities, other than
exchanges pursuant to Section 3.4, 3.6 or 10.7 not involving any transfer.

         The Company shall not be required to (i) issue, register the transfer
of, or exchange any Securities for a period beginning at the opening of business
15 days before any selection for redemption of Securities of like tenor and of
the series of which such Security is a part and ending at the close of business
on the earliest date on which the relevant notice of redemption is deemed to
have been given to all Holders of Securities of like tenor and of such series to
be redeemed or (ii) register the transfer of or exchange of any Security so
selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of
any Security being redeemed in part.

         Each Holder agrees to indemnify the Company and the Trustee against any
liability that may result from the transfer, exchange or assignment of such
Holder's Security in violation of any provision of this Indenture and/or
applicable United States federal or state securities law.

         Section 3.6 Replacement Securities. If a mutilated Security is
surrendered to the Trustee, together with, in proper cases, such security or
indemnity as may be required by the Company or the Trustee to save each of them
harmless, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver a replacement Security of the same series and date of maturity, if the
Trustee's requirements are met.

         If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence
to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii)
such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and
any agency of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the
Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a replacement
Security of the same series and principal amount, containing identical terms and
provisions and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

         In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has
become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

         Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company
may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee connected therewith).

         Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in
lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original
additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed,
lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by any Person, and
shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued
hereunder.

         The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

         Section 3.7 Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved. Unless
otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1, interest, if any, on any
Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any
Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business
on the Regular Record Date for such interest at the office or agency maintained
for such purpose pursuant to Section 9.2; provided, however, that, at the option
of the Company, interest on any series of Securities that bear interest may be
paid (i) by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as it
shall appear on the Register of Securities of such series or (ii) to the extent
specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, by wire transfer to an account
maintained by the Person entitled thereto as specified in the Register of
Securities of such series.

                                      -18-

<PAGE>

         Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1, any interest
on any Security of any series that is payable, but is not punctually paid or
duly provided for, on any interest payment date (herein called "Defaulted
Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant
Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted
Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided
in clause (a) or (b) below:

                  (a)      The Company may elect to make payment of any
         Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such
         series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at
         the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such
         Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The
         Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the
         aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted
         Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for
         such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when
         deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
         to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause (a) provided. Thereupon
         the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such
         Defaulted Interest that shall be not more than 15 days and not less
         than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less
         than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the
         proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such
         Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company,
         shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest
         and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage
         prepaid, to each Holder of Securities of such series at the Holder's
         address as it appears in the Register, not less than 10 days prior to
         such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such
         Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so
         mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose
         names the Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor
         Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special
         Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following
         clause (b).

                  (b)      The Company may make payment of any Defaulted
         Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series
         (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the
         close of business on a specified date in any other lawful manner not
         inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which
         such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required
         by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee
         of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause (b), such manner of
         payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

         Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 3.5,
each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of,
or in exchange for, or in lieu of, any other Security shall carry the rights to
interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other
Security.

         Section 3.8 Persons Deemed Owners. Prior to due presentment of any
Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of
the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Security is
registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of
principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 3.7) interest on such
Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be
overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the
Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

         Section 3.9 Cancellation. The Company at any time may deliver
Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and any Paying Agent
shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for replacement,
for registration of transfer, or for exchange, payment, redemption or
cancellation. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for
replacement, for registration of transfer, or for exchange, payment, redemption
or cancellation and may dispose of cancelled Securities and issue a certificate
of destruction to the Company. The Company may not issue new Securities to
replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation, except as expressly permitted in the terms of Securities for any
particular series or as permitted pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.

         Section 3.10 Computation of Interest. Except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 3.1 (i) interest on any Securities that bear interest at
a fixed rate shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year

                                      -19-

<PAGE>

consisting of 12 months of 30 days each and (ii) interest on any Securities that
bear interest at a variable rate shall be computed on the basis of the actual
number of days in an interest period divided by 360.

         Section 3.11 CUSIP Numbers. The Company in issuing the Securities may
use "CUSIP" numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall
indicate the "CUSIP" numbers of the Securities in notices of redemption as a
convenience to Holders; provided, however, that any such notice may state that
no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as
printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that
reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the
Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or
omission of such numbers.

                                   ARTICLE 4

                     SATISFACTION, DISCHARGE AND DEFEASANCE

         Section 4.1 Termination of Company's Obligations Under the Indenture.
Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1, this Indenture
shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect with respect to
Securities of or within any series (except as to any surviving rights of
registration of transfer or exchange of such Securities and replacement of such
Securities that may have been lost, stolen or mutilated as herein expressly
provided for) and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute
proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
with respect to such Securities when:

                  (a)      either

                           (1)      all such Securities previously authenticated
                  and delivered (other than (i) such Securities that have been
                  lost, stolen or mutilated and that have been replaced or paid
                  as provided in Section 3.6, and (ii) such Securities for whose
                  payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or
                  segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter
                  repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as
                  provided in Section 9.3) have been delivered to the Trustee
                  for cancellation; or

                           (2)      all Securities of such series not
                  theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

                                    (i)      have become due and payable, or

                                    (ii)     will become due and payable at
                           their Stated Maturity within one year, or

                                    (iii)    if redeemable at the option of the
                           Company, are to be called for redemption within one
                           year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
                           for giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in
                           the name, and at the expense, of the Company, and the
                           Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has
                           irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with
                           the Trustee as trust funds in trust for that purpose
                           an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire
                           indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore
                           delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for
                           principal, premium, if any, and interest, with
                           respect thereto, to the date of such deposit (in the
                           case of Securities that have become due and payable)
                           or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the
                           case may be;

                  (b)      the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other
         sums payable hereunder by the Company; and

                                      -20-

<PAGE>

                  (c)      the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
         precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and
         discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been complied with.

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligation
of the Company to the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under Section 6.9, the
obligations of the Company to any Authenticating Agent under Section 6.14 and,
if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (2) of
clause (a) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 4.2 and
the last paragraph of Section 9.3 shall survive.

         Section 4.2 Application of Trust Funds. Subject to the provisions of
the last paragraph of Section 9.3, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant
to Section 4.1 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the
provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly
or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying
Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the
principal, premium, if any, and any interest for whose payment such money has
been deposited with or received by the Trustee, but such money need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

         Section 4.3 Applicability of Defeasance Provisions; Company's Option to
Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. If pursuant to Section 3.1 provision
is made for either or both of (i) defeasance of the Securities of or within a
series under Section 4.4 or (ii) covenant defeasance of the Securities of or
within a series under Section 4.5, then the provisions of such Section or
Sections, as the case may be, together with the provisions of Sections 4.6
through 4.8 inclusive, with such modifications thereto as may be specified
pursuant to Section 3.1 with respect to any Securities, shall be applicable to
such Securities, and the Company may at its option by Board Resolution, at any
time, with respect to such Securities, elect to have Section 4.4 (if applicable)
or Section 4.5 (if applicable) be applied to such Outstanding Securities upon
compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article.

         Section 4.4 Defeasance and Discharge. Upon the Company's exercise of
the option specified in Section 4.3 applicable to this Section with respect to
the Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been
discharged from its obligations with respect to such Securities on the date the
conditions set forth in Section 4.6 are satisfied (hereinafter "defeasance").
For this purpose, such defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have
paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Securities,
which shall thereafter be deemed to be "Outstanding" only for the purposes of
Section 4.7 and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in clause (ii)
of this Section, and to have satisfied all of its other obligations under such
Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the
Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall on Company Order execute proper
instruments acknowledging the same), except the following, which shall survive
until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (i) the rights of the
Holders of such Securities to receive, solely from the trust funds described in
Section 4.6(a) and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect
of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on such Securities
when such payments are due; (ii) the Company's obligations with respect to such
Securities under Sections 3.5, 3.6, 9.2 and 9.3 and with respect to the payment
of additional amounts, if any, payable with respect to such Securities as
specified pursuant to Section 3.1(b)(16); (iii) the rights, powers, trusts,
duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder; and (iv) this Article 4. Subject
to compliance with this Article 4, the Company may exercise its option under
this Section notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 4.5
with respect to such Securities. Following a defeasance, payment of such
Securities may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default.

         Section 4.5 Covenant Defeasance. Upon the Company's exercise of the
option specified in Section 4.3 applicable to this Section with respect to any
Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be released from its
obligations under Article 7 and Sections 9.4 through 9.8, and, if specified
pursuant to Section 3.1, its obligations under any other covenants, with respect
to such Securities on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 4.6
are satisfied (hereinafter, "covenant defeasance"), and such Securities shall
thereafter be deemed to be not "Outstanding" for the purposes of any direction,
waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the consequences of any
thereof) in connection with Article 7 and Sections 9.4 through 9.8, or such
other covenants, but shall continue to be deemed "Outstanding" for all other
purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with
respect to such Securities, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have
no

                                      -21-

<PAGE>

liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such
Section or such other covenants, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of
any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or such other covenants or by
reason of reference in any such Section or such other covenants to any other
provision herein or in any other document, and such omission to comply shall not
constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 5.1(c) or 5.1(g) or
otherwise, as the case may be, but, except as specified above, the remainder of
this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

         Section 4.6 Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. The
following shall be the conditions to application of Section 4.4 or Section 4.5
to any Securities of or within a series:

                  (a)      The Company shall have deposited or caused to be
         deposited irrevocably with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying
         the requirements of Section 6.11 who shall agree to comply with, and
         shall be entitled to the benefits of, the provisions of Sections 4.3
         through 4.8 inclusive and the last paragraph of Section 9.3 applicable
         to the Trustee, for purposes of such Sections also a "Trustee") as
         trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the payments referred to
         in clauses (y) and (z) of this Section 4.6(a), specifically pledged as
         security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of
         such Securities, with instructions to the Trustee as to the application
         thereof, (i) money in an amount, or (ii) if Securities of such series
         are not subject to repayment at the option of Holders, Government
         Obligations that through the payment of interest and principal in
         respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later
         than one day before the due date of any payment referred to in clause
         (y) or (z) of this Section 4.6(a), money in an amount, or (iii) a
         combination thereof in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge, and
         which shall be applied by the Trustee to pay and discharge, (y) the
         principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on such Securities
         on the Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or
         interest and (z) any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to such
         Securities on the day on which such payments are due and payable in
         accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such Securities. Before
         such a deposit the Company may make arrangements satisfactory to the
         Trustee for the redemption of Securities at a future date or dates in
         accordance with Article 10 that shall be given effect in applying the
         foregoing.

                  (b)      Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not
         result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a Default or Event of
         Default under, this Indenture or result in a breach or violation of, or
         constitute a default under, any other material agreement or instrument
         to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound.

                  (c)      No Default or Event of Default under Section 5.1(e)
         or 5.1(f) with respect to such Securities shall have occurred and be
         continuing during the period commencing on the date of such deposit and
         ending on the 91st day after such date (it being understood that this
         condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such
         period).

                  (d)      In the case of an election under Section 4.4, the
         Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
         and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has
         received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue
         Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this
         Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax
         law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion
         of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities will not
         recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a
         result of such defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on
         the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times, as would
         have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not
         occurred.

                  (e)      In the case of an election under Section 4.5, the
         Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to
         the effect that the Holders of such Securities will not recognize
         income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of
         such covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on
         the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would
         have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred.

                                      -22-

<PAGE>

                  (f)      The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
         conditions precedent to the defeasance under Section 4.4 or the
         covenant defeasance under Section 4.5 (as the case may be) have been
         complied with and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that either (i)
         as a result of a deposit pursuant to subsection (a) above and the
         related exercise of the Company's option under Section 4.4 or Section
         4.5 (as the case may be), registration is not required under the
         Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, by the Company, with
         respect to the trust funds representing such deposit or by the Trustee
         for such trust funds or (ii) all necessary registrations under said act
         have been effected.

                  (g)      Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be
         effected in compliance with any additional or substitute terms,
         conditions or limitations that may be imposed on the Company in
         connection therewith as contemplated by Section 3.1.

         Section 4.7 Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in
Trust. Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 9.3, all money
and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant to
Section 3.1) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Section 4.6(a) in respect of any Securities of any series shall be
held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of
such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through
any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the
Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities of all sums due and to
become due thereon in respect of principal, premium, if any, and interest, if
any, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent
required by law.

         Section 4.8 Transfers and Distribution at Company Request. To the
extent permitted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 76, as amended or interpreted by the
Financial Accounting Standards Board from time to time, or any successor thereto
("Standard No. 76"), or to the extent permitted by the Commission, the Trustee
shall, from time to time, take one or more of the following actions as specified
in a Company Request:

                  (a)      Retransfer, reassign and deliver to the Company any
         securities deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.6(a),
         provided that the Company shall, in substitution therefor,
         simultaneously transfer, assign and deliver to the Trustee other
         Government Obligations appropriate to satisfy the Company's obligations
         in respect of the relevant Securities; and

                  (b)      The Trustee (and any Paying Agent) shall promptly pay
         to the Company upon Company Request any excess money or securities held
         by it at any time, including, without limitation, any assets deposited
         with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.6(a) exceeding those necessary
         for the purposes of Section 4.6(a).

         The Trustee shall not take the actions described in subsections (a) and
(b) of this Section 4.8 unless it shall have first received a written report of
a nationally recognized independent public accounting firm, (i) expressing its
opinion that the contemplated action is permitted by Standard No. 76 or the
Commission, for transactions accounted for as extinguishment of debt under the
circumstances described in paragraph 3.c of Standard No. 76 or any successor
provision and (ii) verifying the accuracy, after giving effect to such action or
actions, of the computations that demonstrate that the amounts remaining to be
earned on the Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to
Section 4.6(a) will be sufficient for purposes of Section 4.6(a).

                                   ARTICLE 5

                              DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES

         Section 5.1 Events of Default. An "Event of Default" occurs with
respect to the Securities of any series if (whatever the reason for such Event
of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by

                                      -23-

<PAGE>

operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or
any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body):

                  (a)      the Company defaults in the payment of interest on
         any Security of that series or any additional amount payable with
         respect to any Security of that series as specified pursuant to Section
         3.1(b)(14) when the same becomes due and payable and such default
         continues for a period of 30 days;

                  (b)      the Company defaults in the payment of the principal
         of or any premium on any Security of that series when the same becomes
         due and payable at its Maturity or on redemption or otherwise, or in
         the payment of a mandatory sinking fund payment when and as due by the
         terms of the Securities of that series, and in each case such default
         continues for a period of 10 days;

                  (c)      the Company defaults in the performance of, or
         breaches, any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture
         with respect to any Security of that series (other than a covenant or
         warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in
         this Section specifically dealt with), and such default or breach
         continues for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by
         registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the
         Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal
         amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series, a written notice
         specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and
         stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder;

                  (d)      the Company defaults under the terms of any agreement
         or instrument evidencing or under which the Company has at the date of
         this Indenture or hereafter outstanding any indebtedness for borrowed
         money and such indebtedness shall be accelerated so that the same shall
         be or become due and payable prior to the date on which the same would
         otherwise become due and payable and the aggregate principal amount
         thereof so accelerated exceeds $10 million and such acceleration is not
         rescinded or annulled within 10 days after there has been given, by
         registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the
         Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate
         principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series a written
         notice specifying such default and stating that such notice is a
         "Notice of Default" hereunder (it being understood, however, that,
         subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall not be
         deemed to have knowledge of such default under such agreement or
         instrument unless either (i) a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall
         have actual knowledge of such default or (ii) a Responsible Officer of
         the Trustee shall have received written notice thereof from the
         Company, from any Holder, from the holder of any such indebtedness or
         from the trustee under any such agreement or other instrument);
         provided, however, that if such default under such agreement or
         instrument is remedied or cured by the Company or waived by the holders
         of such indebtedness, then the Event of Default hereunder by reason
         thereof shall be deemed likewise to have been thereupon remedied, cured
         or waived without further action upon the part of either the Trustee or
         any of such Holders;

                  (e)      the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any
         Bankruptcy Law (as defined below) (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii)
         consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an
         involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian (as
         defined below) of it or for all or substantially all of its property,
         or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors;

                  (f)      a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or
         decree under any Bankruptcy Law (as defined below) that (i) is for
         relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a
         Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its
         property, or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company; and the order
         or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 consecutive days; or

                  (g)      any other Event of Default provided as contemplated
         by Section 3.1 with respect to Securities of that series.

                                      -24-

<PAGE>

         The term "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11, U.S. Code, as amended from
time to time, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. The
term "Custodian" means any custodian, receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or
other similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

         Section 5.2 Acceleration, Rescission and Annulment. If an Event of
Default with respect to the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding
occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in
aggregate principal amount of all of the outstanding Securities of that series,
by written notice to the Company (and, if given by the Holders, to the Trustee),
may declare the principal (or, if the Securities of that series are Original
Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal
amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of all the Securities of
that series to be due and payable and upon any such declaration such principal
(or, in the case of original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities,
such specified amount) shall be immediately due and payable.

         At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter
provided in this Article, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if all
existing Defaults and Events of Default with respect to Securities of that
series, other than the nonpayment of the principal of Securities of that series
that has become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured
or waived as provided in Section 5.7. No such rescission shall affect any
subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

         Section 5.3 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by
Trustee. The Company covenants that if

                  (a)      default is made in the payment of any interest on any
         Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default
         continues for a period of 90 days, or

                  (b)      default is made in the payment of the principal of
         (or premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof and such
         default continues for a period of 10 days,

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the
Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such
Securities for principal, premium, if any, and interest and, to the extent that
payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue
principal, premium, if any, and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates
prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further
amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection,
including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of
the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

         If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs
and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and
enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by
such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual
to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of
any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any
power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

         Section 5.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. The Trustee may file such
proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable
in order to have the claims of the Trustee and the Holders allowed in any
judicial proceedings relating to the Company, its creditors or its property.

         Section 5.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of
Securities. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the
Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession
of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating
thereto.

                                      -25-
<PAGE>

         Section 5.6 Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission by the
Trustee or any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing
upon an Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a
waiver of or acquiescence in any such Event of Default.

         Section 5.7 Waiver of Past Defaults. The Holders of a majority in
aggregate principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any series by notice to
the Trustee may waive on behalf of the Holders of all Securities of such series
a past Default or Event of Default with respect to that series and its
consequences except (i) a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the
principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Security of such series or
(ii) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof that pursuant to Section 8.2
cannot be amended or modified without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security of such series adversely affected. Upon any such waiver,
such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom
shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture.

         Section 5.8 Control by Majority. The Holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected (with
each such series voting as a class) shall have the right to direct the time,
method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the
Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it with respect to
Securities of that series; provided, however, that (i) the Trustee may refuse to
follow any direction that conflicts with law or this Indenture, (ii) the Trustee
may refuse to follow any direction that is unduly prejudicial to the rights of
the Holders of Securities of such series not consenting, or that would in the
good-faith judgment of the Trustee have a substantial likelihood of involving
the Trustee in personal liability, and (iii) the Trustee may take any other
action deemed proper by the Trustee that is not inconsistent with such
direction.

         Section 5.9 Limitation on Suits by Holders. No Holder of any Security
of any series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or
otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver
or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless:

                  (a)      the Holder has previously given written notice to the
         Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities
         of that series;

                  (b)      the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal
         amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series have made a written
         request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such
         Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

                  (c)      such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee
         indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or
         expense to be, or which may be, incurred by the Trustee in pursuing the
         remedy;

                  (d)      the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such
         notice, request and the offer of indemnity has failed to institute any
         such proceedings; and

                  (e)      during such 60-day period, the Holders of a majority
         in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
         series have not given to the Trustee a direction inconsistent with such
         written request.

         No one or more Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by
virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb
or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to
obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any
right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the
equal and ratable benefit of all of such Holders.

         Section 5.10 Rights of Holders to Receive Payment. Notwithstanding any
other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Security to
receive payment of principal of, premium, if any, and, subject to Section 3.7,
interest on the Security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in the
Security (or, in case of

                                      -26-
<PAGE>

redemption, on the Redemption Dates), or, subject to Section 5.9, to bring suit
for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall
not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder.

         Section 5.11 Application of Money Collected. If the Trustee collects
any money pursuant to this Article, it shall pay out the money in the following
order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the
distribution of such money on account of principal, premium, if any, or
interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the
payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

         First: to the Trustee for amounts due under Section 6.9;

         Second: to Holders of Securities in respect of which or for the benefit
of which such money has been collected for amounts due and unpaid on such
Securities for principal of, premium, if any, and interest, ratably, without
preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on
such Securities for principal, premium, if any, and interest, respectively; and

         Third: to the Company.

         Section 5.12 Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any
Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this
Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason,
or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in
every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company,
the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored respectively to their former
positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and
the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

         Section 5.13 Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise
provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 3.6, no right or
remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or the Holders is
intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and
remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to
every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law
or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy
hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or
employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

                                    ARTICLE 6

                                   THE TRUSTEE

         Section 6.1 Certain Duties and Responsibilities. (a) Except during the
continuance of an Event of Default,

                           (1)      the Trustee undertakes to perform such
                  duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in
                  this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall
                  be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

                           (2)      in the absence of bad faith on its part, the
                  Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the
                  statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed
                  therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the
                  Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture;
                  but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by
                  any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished
                  to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine
                  the same to determine whether or not they conform to the
                  requirements of this Indenture.

                  (b)      In case an Event of Default has occurred and is
continuing with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall
exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture with
respect to the Securities of such series, and use the same degree of care and
skill in their exercise as a prudent Person would exercise or use under the
circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.

                                      -27-
<PAGE>

                  (c)      No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to
relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own
negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:

                           (1)      this subsection shall not be construed to
                  limit the effect of subsection (a) of this Section;

                           (2)      the Trustee shall not be liable for any
                  error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer,
                  unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in
                  ascertaining the pertinent facts; and

                           (3)      the Trustee shall not be liable with respect
                  to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith
                  in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority
                  in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any
                  series relating to the time, method and place of conducting
                  any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or
                  exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee,
                  under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such
                  series.

                  (d)      Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every
provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability
of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of
this Section.

         Section 6.2 Rights of Trustee. Subject to the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act:

                  (a)      The Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting
         or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
         instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent,
         order, bond, debenture, note or other paper or document believed by it
         to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party
         or parties.

                  (b)      Any request or direction of the Company mentioned
         herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company
         Order (other than delivery of any Security to the Trustee for
         authentication and delivery pursuant to Section 3.3, which shall be
         sufficiently evidenced as provided therein) and any resolution of the
         Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution.

                  (c)      Whenever in the administration of this Indenture the
         Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established
         prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the
         Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may,
         in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers'
         Certificate.

                  (d)      The Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection
         and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall
         be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any
         action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in
         reliance thereon.

                  (e)      The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise
         any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the
         request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture,
         unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable
         security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that
         might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.

                  (f)      The Trustee shall not be bound to make any
         investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution,
         certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request,
         direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note or other paper or
         document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further
         inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit,
         and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or
         investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and
         premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney.

                                      -28-
<PAGE>

                  (g)      The Trustee may act through agents or attorneys and
         shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent
         or attorney appointed with due care.

                  (h)      The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it
         takes or omits to take in good faith that it believes to be authorized
         or within its rights or powers.

                  (i)      The Trustee shall not be required to expend or risk
         its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the
         performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of its
         rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing
         that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or
         liability is not reasonably assured to it.

         Section 6.3 Trustee May Hold Securities. The Trustee, any Paying Agent,
any Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other
capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections
310(b) and 311 of the Trust Indenture Act, may otherwise deal with the Company
or an Affiliate or Subsidiary of the Company with the same rights it would have
if it were not Trustee, Paying Agent, Registrar or such other agent.

         Section 6.4 Money Held in Trust. Money held by the Trustee in trust
hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required
by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money
received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Company.

         Section 6.5 Trustee's Disclaimer. The recitals contained herein and in
the Securities, except the Trustee's certificate of authentication, shall be
taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no
responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representation as to
the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities. The Trustee shall
not be accountable for the Company's use of the proceeds from the Securities or
for monies paid over to the Company pursuant to the Indenture.

         Section 6.6 Notice of Defaults. If a Default occurs and is continuing
with respect to the Securities of any series and if it is known to the Trustee,
the Trustee shall, within 90 days after it occurs, transmit, in the manner and
to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, notice of
all uncured Defaults known to it; provided, however, that, except in the case of
a Default in payment on the Securities of any series, the Trustee may withhold
the notice if and so long as its board of directors or the executive committee
thereof or a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that
withholding such notice is in the interests of the Holders of Securities of that
series; provided further that, in the case of any default or breach of the
character specified in Section 5.1(c) with respect to the Securities of such
series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 60 days after
the occurrence thereof.

         Section 6.7 Reports by Trustee to Holders. Within 60 days after each
May 15 of each year commencing with the first May 15 after the first issuance of
Securities pursuant to this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all
Holders of Securities as provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act a
brief report dated as of such May 15 if required by Section 313(a) of the Trust
Indenture Act. The Trustee also shall comply with Section 313(b) and (d) of the
Trust Indenture Act.

         Section 6.8 Securityholder Lists. The Trustee shall preserve in as
current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it
of the names and addresses of Holders of Securities of each series. If the
Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee
semiannually on or before the last day of June and December in each year, and at
such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list, in such form and
as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, containing all the
information in the possession of the Registrar, the Company or any of its Paying
Agents other than the Trustee as to the names and addresses of Holders of
Securities of each such series.

         Section 6.9 Compensation and Indemnity. (a) The Company shall pay to
the Trustee from time to time such compensation as shall be agreed between the
Company and the Trustee for all services rendered by it hereunder. The Trustee's
compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an
express

                                      -29-
<PAGE>

trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable
out-of- pocket expenses incurred by it in connection with the performance of its
duties under this Indenture, except any such expense as may be attributable to
its negligence or bad faith. Such expenses shall include the reasonable
compensation and expenses of the Trustee's agents and counsel.

                  (b)      The Company shall indemnify the Trustee for, and hold
it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred by it without
negligence or bad faith on its part arising out of or in connection with its
acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder. The Trustee shall
notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. The
Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense.
The Trustee may have separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable
fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement
made without its consent.

                  (c)      The Company need not reimburse any expense or
indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee through
negligence or bad faith.

                  (d)      To secure the payment obligations of the Company
pursuant to this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities
of any series on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except
that held in trust to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest on particular
Securities.

                  (e)      When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services
in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(e) or Section
5.1(f), the expenses (including the reasonable charges and expenses of its
counsel) and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute
expenses of administration under any applicable Bankruptcy Law or other similar
law.

                  (f)      The provisions of this Section shall survive the
termination of this Indenture.

         Section 6.10 Replacement of Trustee. (a) The resignation or removal of
the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective
only upon the successor Trustee's acceptance of appointment as provided in
Section 6.11.

                  (b)      The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to
the Securities of any series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If
the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.11
shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of
such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of
competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of such series.

                  (c)      The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may remove the Trustee with
respect to that series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company, and may
appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the Company's consent.

                  (d)      If at any time:

                           (1)      the Trustee fails to comply with Section
                  310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act after written request
                  therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona
                  fide Holder of a Security for at least 180 days; or

                           (2)      the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under
                  Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act and shall fail to
                  resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any
                  Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a
                  Security for at least 180 days; or

                           (3)      the Trustee becomes incapable of acting, is
                  adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or a receiver or public
                  officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property or affairs
                  for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or
                  liquidation,

                                      -30-
<PAGE>

then, in any such case, (i) the Company by or pursuant to a Board Resolution may
remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (ii) subject to Section
315(e) of the Trust Indenture Act, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of
a Security for at least 180 days may, on behalf of himself and all others
similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal
of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and the appointment of a successor
Trustee or Trustees.

                  (e)      If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy
exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, with respect to Securities of
one or more series, the Company, by or pursuant to Board Resolution, shall
promptly appoint a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or
those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may be
appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series
and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section 6.11. If, within one year after such resignation,
removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee
so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in
accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11, become the
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that
extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so
appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner
required by Section 6.11, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a
Security of such series for at least 180 days may, on behalf of himself and all
others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the
appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such
series.

         Section 6.11 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. (a) In case of the
appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities,
every such successor Trustee shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the
Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment.
Thereupon, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become
effective, and the successor Trustee, without further act, deed or conveyance,
shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of the retiring
Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such
retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an
instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and
trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to
such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee
hereunder.

                  (b)      In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the
Company, the retiring Trustee and such successor Trustee shall execute and
deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein such successor Trustee shall
accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain such provisions as shall be
necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, such
successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring
Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the
appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (ii) if the retiring Trustee is
not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as
shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue
to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of
the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or
facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee,
it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall
constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such
Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from
any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and upon
the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or
removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided
therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of
the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those
series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

                                      -31-
<PAGE>

                  (c)      Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the
Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly
vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and
trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

                  (d)      No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment
unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified
and eligible under the Trust Indenture Act.

                  (e)      The Company shall give notice of each resignation and
each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and
each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any
series in the manner provided for notices to the Holders of Securities in
Section 1.6. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with
respect to the securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust
office.

         Section 6.12 Eligibility; Disqualification. There shall at all times be
a Trustee hereunder that shall be eligible to act as Trustee under Section
310(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act and shall have a combined capital and
surplus of at least $50 million. If such corporation publishes reports of
condition at least annually, pursuant to law or the requirements of federal,
state, territorial or District of Columbia supervising or examining authority,
then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such
corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth
in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it
shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified
in this Article.

         Section 6.13 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to
Business. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or
with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such
corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger,
conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect
as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

         Section 6.14 Appointment of Authenticating Agent. The Trustee may
appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series of
Securities that shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to
authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original issue, exchange,
registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so
authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be
valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee
hereunder. Any such appointment shall be evidenced by an instrument in writing
signed by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, a copy of which instrument shall
be promptly furnished to the Company. Wherever reference is made in this
Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the
Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to
include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of
the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and, except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to
Section 3.1, shall at all times be a bank or trust company or corporation
organized and doing business and in good standing under the laws of the United
States of America or of any State or the District of Columbia, authorized under
such laws to act as Authenticating Agent, having a combined capital and surplus
of not less than $10 million and subject to supervision or examination by
federal or state authorities. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of
condition at least annually, pursuant to law or the requirements of the
aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then, for the purposes of this
Section, the combined capital and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be
deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent
report of condition so published. In case at any time an Authenticating Agent
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section,
such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the
effect specified in this Section.

                                      -32-
<PAGE>

         Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or
corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an
Authenticating Agent, provided that such corporation shall be otherwise eligible
under this Section without the execution or filing of any paper or further act
on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

         An Authenticating Agent for any series of Securities may at any time
resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee for such series
and to the Company. The Trustee for any series of Securities may at any time
terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of
termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such
a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee for such series may appoint a successor
Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give
notice of such appointment to all the Holders of Securities of the series with
respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve in the manner set forth in
Section 1.6. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its
appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties
of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an
Authenticating Agent herein. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be
appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

         The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to
time reasonable compensation, including reimbursement of its reasonable expenses
for its services under this Section.

         If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant
to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in
addition to or in lieu of the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an
alternate certificate of authentication substantially in the following form:

         This is one of the Securities of a series issued under the
within-mentioned Indenture.

                                                ________________________________
                                                as Trustee

                                                By: ____________________________
                                                    as Authenticating Agent

                                                By: ____________________________
                                                    Authorized Officer

         Section 6.15 Trustee's Application for Instructions From the Company.
Any application by the Trustee for written instructions from the Company may, at
the option of the Trustee, set forth in writing any action proposed to be taken
or omitted by the Trustee under this Indenture and the date on and/or after
which such action shall be taken or such omission shall be effective. The
Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken by, or omission of, the Trustee
in accordance with a proposal included in such application on or after the date
specified in such application (which date shall not be less than 15 Business
Days after the date any Officer of the Company actually receives such
application, unless any such Officer shall have consented in writing to any
earlier date) unless prior to taking any such action (or the effective date in
the case of an omission), the Trustee shall have received written instructions
in response to such application specifying the action to be taken or omitted.

                                      -33-
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE 7

                  CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE BY THE COMPANY

         The Company may merge or consolidate with or into any other corporation
or sell, convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially
all of its assets to any person, firm or corporation, if (i) (A) in the case of
a merger or consolidation, the Company is the surviving corporation or (B) in
the case of a merger or consolidation where the Company is not the surviving
corporation and in the case of any such sale, conveyance or other disposition,
the successor or acquiring corporation is a corporation organized and existing
under the laws of the United States or a state thereof and such corporation
expressly assumes by supplemental indenture all of the obligations of the
Company under the Securities and under this Indenture, (ii) immediately
thereafter, giving effect to such merger or consolidation, or such sale,
conveyance, transfer or other disposition, no Default or Event of Default shall
have occurred and be continuing, and (iii) the Company has delivered to the
Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel each stating that
such merger or consolidation, or such sale, conveyance, transfer or other
disposition, complies with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein
provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.

         In the event of the assumption by a successor corporation of the
obligations of the Company as provided in clause (i)(B) of the immediately
preceding sentence, such successor corporation shall succeed to and be
substituted for the Company hereunder and under the Securities and all such
obligations of the Company shall terminate.

                                    ARTICLE 8

                     AMENDMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

         Section 8.1 Amendments and Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of
Holders. Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a
Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter
into amendments or indentures supplemental hereto, in form reasonably
satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

                  (a)      to evidence the succession of another corporation to
         the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants
         of the Company herein and in the Securities;

                  (b)      to add to the covenants of the Company for the
         benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such
         covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of
         Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included
         solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or
         power herein conferred upon the Company;

                  (c)      to add any additional Events of Default with respect
         to all or any series of Securities;

                  (d)      to add to or change any of the provisions of this
         Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to facilitate the
         issuance of Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable
         as to principal, and with or without interest coupons, or to facilitate
         the issuance of Securities in global form;

                  (e)      to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions
         of this Indenture, provided that any such addition, change or
         elimination shall become effective only when there is no Security
         Outstanding of any series created prior to the execution of such
         amendment or supplemental indenture that is entitled to the benefit of
         such provision;

                  (f)      to secure the Securities;

                  (g)      to establish the form or terms of Securities of any
         series as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1;

                                      -34-
<PAGE>

                  (h)      to evidence and provide for the acceptance of
         appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the
         provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or
         facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one
         Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Sections 6.10 and 6.11;

                  (i)      to correct or supplement any provision herein that
         may be inconsistent with any other provision herein or to make any
         other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under
         this Indenture, provided such action shall not adversely affect the
         interests of the Holders of Securities of any series in any material
         respect, or to cure any ambiguity or correct any mistake.

         Section 8.2 With Consent of Holders. With the written consent of the
Holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of all series adversely affected by such amendment or supplemental
indenture (with all such affected series acting together as a single class), the
Company and the Trustee may enter into an amendment or indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto to add any provisions to or to change or eliminate any
provisions of this Indenture or of any other indenture supplemental hereto or to
modify the rights of the Holders of Securities of each such series; provided,
however, that without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security
affected thereby, an amendment or supplemental indenture under this Section may
not:

                  (a)      change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or
         any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce
         the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any
         premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of
         the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due
         and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof
         pursuant to Section 5.2, or change the coin or currency in which any
         Securities or any premium or the interest thereon is payable, or impair
         the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on
         or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on
         or after the Redemption Date) [if applicable: or modify the provisions
         of this Indenture with respect to the subordination of the Securities
         in a manner adverse to the Holders];

                  (b)      reduce the percentage in principal amount of the
         Outstanding Securities of any series the consent of whose Holders is
         required for any such amendment or supplemental indenture, or the
         consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with
         certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and
         their consequences) provided for in this Indenture;

                  (c)      change any obligation of the Company to maintain an
         office or agency in the places and for the purposes specified in
         Section 9.2; or

                  (d)      make any change in Section 5.7 or this Section 8.2
         except to increase any percentage or to provide that certain other
         provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived with the
         consent of the Holders of each Outstanding Security affected thereby.

         An amendment or supplemental indenture that changes or eliminates any
covenant or other provision of this Indenture, that has expressly been included
solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or that
modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to
such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under
this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

         It is not necessary under this Section 8.2 for the Holders to consent
to the particular form of any proposed amendment or supplemental indenture, but
it is sufficient if they consent to the substance thereof.

         Section 8.3 Compliance With Trust Indenture Act. Every amendment and
supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall comply with the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

         Section 8.4 Execution of Amendments and Supplemental Indentures. In
executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any amendment or
supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modification

                                      -35-
<PAGE>

thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled
to receive, and shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel
stating that the execution of such amendment or supplemental indenture is
authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be
obligated to, enter into any such amendment or supplemental indenture that
affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise.

         Section 8.5 Effect of Amendments and Supplemental Indentures. Upon the
execution of any amendment or supplemental indenture under this Article, this
Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such amendment or
supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes, and
every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered
hereunder shall be bound thereby.

         Section 8.6 Reference in Securities to Amendments and Supplemental
Indentures. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any amendment or supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article
may, and shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by
the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such amendment or supplemental
indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so
modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any
such amendment or supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the
Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for
Outstanding Securities.

                                    ARTICLE 9

                                    COVENANTS

         Section 9.1 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest. The Company
covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each series of Securities
that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of, premium, if any, and
interest, if any, on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms
of the Securities of such series and this Indenture. An installment of principal
or interest shall be considered paid on the date it is due if the Trustee or
Paying Agent holds on that date money designated for and sufficient to pay the
installment.

         Section 9.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Company will maintain
in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an office or agency where
Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where
Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or
exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the
Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. The Company will
give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the
location, of any such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to
maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee
with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands
may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the
Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such
presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

         The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other
offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented
or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind
such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission
shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office
or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such
purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such
designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other
office or agency.

         Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, the Trustee
shall initially serve as Paying Agent.

         Section 9.3 Money for Securities to Be Held in Trust; Unclaimed Money.
If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any
series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of,
premium, if any, or interest, if any, on any of the Securities of that series,
segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a
sum sufficient to pay the principal, premium, if any, or interest, if any, so

                                      -36-
<PAGE>

becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed
of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee in writing of its
action or failure so to act.

         The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities
other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in
which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section, that such Paying Agent will:

                  (a)      hold all sums held by it for the payment of the
         principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on Securities of
         that series in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto
         until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of
         as herein provided;

                  (b)      give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company
         (or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making
         of any payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on
         the Securities; and

                  (c)      at any time during the continuance of any such
         default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the
         Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

         The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or
such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee,
such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to
such money.

         Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held
by the Company, in trust for the payment of any principal, premium or interest
on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years after such
principal, premium or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the
Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged
from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an
unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and
all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust
money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon
cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being
required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to
be published once, in a newspaper published in the English language, customarily
published on each Business Day and of general circulation in The City of New
York, or cause to be mailed to such Holder, notice that such money remains
unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than
30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money
then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

         Section 9.4 Corporate Existence. Subject to Article 7, the Company will
at all times do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in
full force and effect its corporate existence and its rights and franchises;
provided, however, that nothing in this Section 9.4 shall prevent the
abandonment or termination of any right or franchise of the Company if, in the
opinion of the Company, such abandonment or termination is in the best interests
of the Company and does not materially adversely affect the ability of the
Company to operate its business or to fulfill its obligations hereunder.

         Section 9.5 Insurance. The Company covenants and agrees that it will
maintain, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to maintain, insurance with
responsible and reputable insurance companies or associations or through a
program of self-insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as are
consistent with sound business practice for corporations engaged in the same or
a similar business similarly situated.

         Section 9.6 Reports by the Company. The Company covenants:

                  (a)      to file with the Trustee, within 30 days after the
         Company is required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the
         annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or
         copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may
         from time to time by rules and

                                      -37-
<PAGE>

         regulations prescribe) that the Company may be required to file with
         the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange
         Act or, if the Company is not required to file information, documents
         or reports pursuant to either of such sections, then to file with the
         Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations
         prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the
         supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports that may
         be required pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, in respect of a
         security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may
         be prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations;

                  (b)      to file with the Trustee and the Commission, in
         accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed from time to time
         by the Commission, such additional information, documents and reports
         with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and
         covenants provided for in this Indenture, as may be required from time
         to time by such rules and regulations; and

                  (c)      to transmit to all Holders of Securities, within 30
         days after the filing thereof with the Trustee, in the manner and to
         the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, such
         summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be
         filed by the Company pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this
         Section 9.6, as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed
         from time to time by the Commission.

         Section 9.7 Annual Review Certificate; Notice of Default. The Company
covenants and agrees to deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of
each fiscal year of the Company, a brief certificate from the principal
executive officer, principal financial officer, or principal accounting officer
as to his knowledge of the Company's compliance with all conditions and
covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 9.7, such
compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or
requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. The Company shall file with
the Trustee written notice of the occurrence of any Event of Default within 30
Business Days of its becoming aware of any such Event of Default.

         Section 9.8 Provision of Financial Statements. If the Company is not
required to file with the Commission periodic reports and other information
pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company shall
furnish without cost to each Holder and file with the Trustee (i) within 135
days after the end of each fiscal year, annual reports containing the
information required to be contained in Items 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 of Form
10-K promulgated under the Exchange Act, or substantially the same information
required to be contained in comparable items of any successor form, (ii) within
60 days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal
year, quarterly reports containing the information required to be contained in
Form 10-Q promulgated under the Exchange Act, or substantially the same
information required to be contained in any successor form, and (iii) promptly
from the time after the occurrence of an event required to be therein reported,
such other reports containing information required to be contained in Form 8-K
promulgated under the Exchange Act, or substantially the same information
required to be contained in any successor form. The Company shall also make such
reports available to prospective purchasers of the Securities, securities
analysts and broker-dealers upon their request.

                                   ARTICLE 10

                                   REDEMPTION

         Section 10.1 Applicability of Article. Securities of any series that
are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance
with their terms and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section
3.1 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

         Section 10.2 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. The election of the
Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by or pursuant to a Board
Resolution or any Officers' Certificate. In the case of any redemption at the
election of the Company of less than all the Securities, if any, of any series,
the Company shall, at least 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the
Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify
the Trustee of such Redemption Date, the principal amount of Securities of such
series to be

                                      -38-
<PAGE>

redeemed and, if applicable, the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed. In the
case of any redemption of Securities (i) prior to the expiration of any
restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or
elsewhere in this Indenture or (ii) pursuant to an election of the Company that
is subject to a condition specified in the terms of such Securities, the Company
shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance
with such restriction or condition.

         Section 10.3 Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed. Unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, if less than all of the Securities of
a series with the same original issue date, interest rate and Stated Maturity
are to be redeemed, the Trustee, not more than 45 days prior to the Redemption
Date, shall select the Securities of the series to be redeemed in such manner as
the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate. The Trustee shall make the
selection from Securities of the series that are Outstanding and that have not
previously been called for redemption and may provide for the selection for
redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized denomination for
Securities of that series or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal
amount of Securities of such series of a denomination larger than the minimum
authorized denomination for Securities of that series. The Trustee shall
promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities selected by the Trustee
for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial
redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

         For purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires,
all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the
case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion
of the principal amount of such Securities that has been or is to be redeemed.

         Section 10.4 Notice of Redemption. Unless otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 3.1, notice of redemption shall be given in the manner
provided in Section 1.6 not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days prior to the
Redemption Date to the Holders of the Securities to be redeemed.

         All notices of redemption shall state:

                  (a)      the Redemption Date;

                  (b)      the Redemption Price;

                  (c)      if fewer than all the Outstanding Securities of a
         series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of
         partial redemption, the principal amounts) of the particular Security
         or Securities to be redeemed;

                  (d)      in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only,
         the notice that relates to such Security shall state that on and after
         the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder will
         receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized
         denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed;

                  (e)      the Place or Places of Payment where such Securities
         maturing after the Redemption Date are to be surrendered for payment
         for the Redemption Price;

                  (f)      that Securities of the series called for redemption
         must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption
         price;

                  (g)      that, on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price
         will become due and payable upon each such Security, or the portion
         thereof, to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest thereon will
         cease to accrue on and after said Redemption Date;

                  (h)      that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is
         the case; and

                  (i)      the CUSIP number of the applicable series of
         Securities.

                                      -39-
<PAGE>

         Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed shall be given by the
Company or, at the Company's request, by the Trustee in the name and at the
expense of the Company.

         Section 10.5 Deposit of Redemption Price. On or prior to any Redemption
Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if
the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as
provided in Section 9.3) an amount of money sufficient to pay on the Redemption
Date the Redemption Price of, and (unless the Redemption Date shall be an
Interest Payment Date) interest accrued to the Redemption Date on, all
Securities or portions thereof that are to be redeemed on that date.

         Unless any Security by its terms prohibits any sinking fund payment
obligation from being satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities
(including Securities redeemed otherwise than through a sinking fund), the
Company may deliver such Securities to the Trustee for crediting against such
payment obligation in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this
Indenture.

         Section 10.6 Securities Payable on Redemption Date. Notice of
redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed
shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price
therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall
default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such
Securities shall cease to bear interest. Except as provided in the next
succeeding paragraph, upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in
accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the
Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the Redemption Date;
provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section
3.1, installments of interest on Securities whose Stated Maturity is prior to
the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one
or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on
the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section
3.7.

         If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall,
until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed
therefor in the Security.

         Section 10.7 Securities Redeemed in Part. Upon surrender of a Security
that is redeemed in part at any Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company
or the Trustee so require, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of
transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by,
the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), the Company
shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of
that Security, without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same
series, the same form and the same Maturity in any authorized denomination equal
in aggregate principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the principal of the
Security surrendered.

                                   ARTICLE 11

                                  SINKING FUNDS

         Section 11.1 Applicability of Article. The provisions of this Article
shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a
series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for
Securities of such series.

         The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking
fund payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by
the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional
sinking fund payment." If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series,
the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as
provided in Section 11.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the
redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of
Securities of such series.

                                      -40-
<PAGE>

         Section 11.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments With Securities. The
Company may (i) deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other than any
previously called for redemption) and (ii) apply as a credit Securities of a
series that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to
the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional
sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in
satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the
Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such
Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such
Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be
received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price
specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking
fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.

         Section 11.3 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. Not less than
60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities,
the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate specifying the
amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the
terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by
payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by
delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 11.2, and
will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less
than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date, the Trustee shall
select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the
manner specified in Section 10.3 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to
be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided
in Section 10.4. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such
Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections
10.6 and 10.7.

                                   ARTICLE 12

                           SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

         Section 12.1 Securities Subordinated to Senior Indebtedness. (a) The
Company agrees, and each Holder of the Securities by acceptance thereof likewise
agrees, that the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on
the Securities is subordinated, to the extent and in the manner provided in this
Article 12, to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the
Company.

                  (b)      All provisions of this Article 12 shall be subject to
Section 12.14.

         Section 12.2 Company Not to Make Payments With Respect to Securities in
Certain Circumstances; Limitations on Acceleration of Securities. (a) Upon the
maturity of any Senior Indebtedness of the Company by lapse of time,
acceleration or otherwise, all obligations with respect thereto shall first be
paid in full, or such payment duly provided for in cash or in a manner
satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness, before any payment is
made on account of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the
Securities or to redeem, retire, purchase, deposit moneys for the defeasance of
or acquire any of the Securities.

                  (b)      Upon the happening of (i) any default in payment of
any Senior Indebtedness of the Company or (ii) any other default on Senior
Indebtedness of the Company, and the maturity of such Senior Indebtedness is
accelerated in accordance with its terms, then, unless (w) such default relates
to Senior Indebtedness of the Company in an aggregate amount equal to or less
than $10 million, (x) such default shall have been cured or waived or shall have
ceased to exist, (y) any such acceleration has been rescinded, or (z) such
Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full, no direct or indirect payment in
cash, property or securities, by set-off or otherwise (except payment of the
Securities from funds previously deposited in accordance with Section 4.1 at any
time such deposit was not prohibited by this Indenture), shall be made or agreed
to be made by the Company on account of the principal of, premium, if any, or
interest on the Securities, or in respect of any redemption, retirement,
purchase, deposit of moneys for the defeasance or other acquisition of any of
the Securities in the case of such a default in Senior Indebtedness of the
Company, and the Company shall not deposit money for any such payment or
distribution with the Trustee or any Paying Agent nor shall the Company (if the
Company is acting as its own Paying Agent) segregate and hold in trust money for
any such payment or distribution.

                                      -41-
<PAGE>

                  (c)      Upon the happening of an event of default (other than
under circumstances when the terms of paragraph (b) of this Section 12.2 are
applicable) with respect to any Senior Indebtedness of the Company pursuant to
which the holders thereof are entitled under the terms of such Senior
Indebtedness to immediately accelerate the maturity thereof (without further
notice or expiration of any applicable grace periods), upon written notice
thereof given to each of the Company and the Trustee by the trustee for or other
representative of the holders of at least $10 million of Senior Indebtedness of
the Company (a "Payment Notice"), then, unless and until such event of default
shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist, no direct or
indirect payment in cash, property or securities, by set-off or otherwise
(except payment of the Securities from funds previously deposited in accordance
with Section 4.1 at any time such deposit was not prohibited by this Indenture),
shall be made or agreed to be made by the Company on account of the principal
of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities, or in respect of any
redemption, retirement, purchase, deposit of moneys for the defeasance or other
acquisition of any of the Securities, and the Company shall not deposit money
for any such payment or distribution with the Trustee or any Paying Agent nor
shall the Company or a Subsidiary (if the Company or such Subsidiary is acting
as Paying Agent) segregate and hold in trust money for any such payment or
distribution (a "Payment Block"); provided, however, that this paragraph shall
not prevent the making of any payment for more than 120 days after a Payment
Notice shall have been given unless the Senior Indebtedness in respect of which
such event of default exists has been declared due and payable in its entirety,
in which case no such payment shall be made until such acceleration has been
rescinded or annulled or such Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full in
accordance with its terms. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) not more than one
Payment Notice shall be given with respect to a particular event of default
(which shall not bar subsequent Payment Notices for other such events of
default), (ii) all events of default under Senior Indebtedness occurring within
any 30-day period shall be treated as one event of default to the extent that
one or more Payment Notices are issued in connection therewith, and (iii) no
more than two Payment Blocks shall be permitted within any period of 12
consecutive months. Any payment made in contravention of the provisions of this
paragraph shall be returned to the Company.

                  (d)      In the event that, notwithstanding the provisions of
paragraph (a) or (b), the Trustee or the Holder of any Security shall have
received any payment on account of the principal of or premium, if any, or
interest on the Securities in contravention of paragraph (a) or (b) or after the
happening of a default in payment of any Senior Indebtedness of the Company or
any acceleration of the maturity of any Senior Indebtedness of the Company then,
in either such case, except in the case of any such default that shall have been
cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist, such payment (subject to the
provisions of Sections 12.6 and 12.7) shall be held for the benefit of, and
shall be paid over and delivered to, the holders of such Senior Indebtedness of
the Company (pro rata as to each of such holders on the basis of the respective
amounts of Senior Indebtedness of the Company held by them) or their
representative or the trustee under the indenture or other agreement (if any)
pursuant to which Senior Indebtedness of the Company may have been issued, as
their respective interests may appear, for application to the payment of all
Senior Indebtedness of the Company remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to
pay all Senior Indebtedness of the Company in full in accordance with its terms,
after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for the
holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company.

                  (e)(1)   Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default under
         Section 5.1(a) through (d) and (g), the Trustee or holders of 25% of
         the outstanding principal amount of the Securities of any series must
         give notice of such Event of Default and the intention to declare the
         acceleration of principal of all the Securities of that series to the
         Company and any holders of Senior Indebtedness which have theretofore
         requested of the Trustee such notice, and no acceleration of the
         Securities of any series shall be effective unless and until such Event
         of Default is continuing on the 60th day after the date of delivery of
         such notice. The Company may pay the Holders of the Securities of any
         series any defaulted payment and all other amounts due following any
         such acceleration of the maturity of the Securities if this Section
         12.2(e) would not prohibit such payment to be made at that time.

                  (2)      Nothing in this Article 12 shall prevent or delay the
         Trustee or the Holders of the Securities from taking any action in
         connection with the acceleration of the maturity of the Securities
         pursuant to Section 5.2 upon the occurrence of an Event of Default
         under either Section 5.1(e) or 5.1(f).

                                      -42-
<PAGE>

                  (3)      Except as provided in Section 12.2(e)(1), a failure
         to make any payment with respect to the Securities as a result of the
         rights of holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company described in
         paragraph (b) or (c) hereof will not have any effect on the right of
         Holders of the Securities to accelerate the maturities thereof as a
         result of such payment default. The Company shall give prompt written
         notice to the Trustee of any default in the payment of principal of or
         interest on any Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and in the event of
         any such default, shall provide to the Trustee, in the form of an
         Officers' Certificate, the names, addresses and respective amounts due
         holders of such Senior Indebtedness or the name and address of the
         trustee acting on their behalf, if any. The Trustee shall be entitled
         to rely conclusively on such Officers' Certificate without independent
         verification.

         Section 12.3 Securities Subordinated to Prior Payment of All Senior
Indebtedness on Dissolution, Liquidation or Reorganization of the Company. Upon
the distribution of assets of the Company in any dissolution, winding up,
liquidation (total or partial) or similar proceeding relating to the Company
(whether in bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership proceedings or upon an
assignment for the benefit of creditors or otherwise):

                  (a)      the holders of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company
         shall first be entitled to receive payment in full of all Senior
         Indebtedness (or to have such payment duly provided for in a manner
         satisfactory to them) in cash or in a manner satisfactory to the
         holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company before the Holders of the
         Securities are entitled to receive any payment on account of the
         principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities;

                  (b)      any payment or distribution of assets of the Company
         of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities
         (other than securities of the Company as reorganized or readjusted, or
         securities of the Company or any other company, trust or corporation
         provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment, the payment
         of which is junior or otherwise subordinate, at least to the extent
         provided in this Article 12 with respect to the Securities, to the
         payment of all securities issued in exchange therefor to the holders of
         the Senior Indebtedness of the Company at the time outstanding), to
         which the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee on behalf of the
         Holders of the Securities would be entitled except for the provisions
         of this Article 12, shall be paid by the liquidating trustee or agent
         or other person making such payment or distribution directly to the
         holders of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company or their
         representatives or to the trustee under any indenture under which such
         Senior Indebtedness may have been issued (pro rata as to each such
         holder, representative or trustee on the basis of respective amounts of
         unpaid Senior Indebtedness held or represented by each), to the extent
         necessary to make payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the
         Company remaining unpaid, after giving effect to any concurrent payment
         or distribution or provision therefor to the holders of such Senior
         Indebtedness; and

                  (c)      in the event that notwithstanding the foregoing
         provisions of this Section 12.3, any payment or distribution of assets
         of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or
         securities (other than securities of the Company as reorganized or
         readjusted or securities of the Company or any other company, trust or
         corporation provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment,
         the payment of which is junior or otherwise subordinate, at least to
         the extent provided in this Article 12 with respect to the Securities,
         to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company at the time
         outstanding and to the payment of all securities issued in exchange
         therefor to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company, as
         the case may be, at the time outstanding), shall be received by the
         Trustee or the Holders of the Securities on account of principal of,
         premium, if any, or interest on the Securities before all Senior
         Indebtedness of the Company is paid in full in cash or in a manner
         satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness in accordance
         with its terms, or effective provision made for its payment, such
         payment or distribution (subject to the provisions of Sections 12.6 and
         12.7) shall be received and held for the benefit of and paid over to
         the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company remaining unpaid
         or unprovided for or their representative, or to the trustee under any
         indenture under which such Senior Indebtedness of the Company may have
         been issued (pro rata as provided in paragraph (b) above), for
         application to the payment of such Senior Indebtedness of the Company
         to the extent necessary to pay all such Senior Indebtedness of the
         Company in full in cash or in a manner satisfactory to the holders of
         Senior

                                      -43-
<PAGE>

         Indebtedness of the Company in accordance with its terms, after giving
         effect to any concurrent payment or distribution or provision therefor
         to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness of the Company.

         The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any
dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization of the Company or any
assignment for the benefit of the Company's creditors tending toward the
liquidation of the business and assets of the Company.

         Section 12.4 Holders to Be Subrogated to Rights of Holders of Senior
Indebtedness. Upon the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company
in cash or in a manner satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness,
the Holders of the Securities shall be subrogated equally and ratably to the
rights of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company to receive payments
or distributions of assets of the Company applicable to the Senior Indebtedness
of the Company until all amounts owing on the Securities shall be paid in full,
and for the purpose of such subrogation no payments or distributions to the
holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company by or on behalf of the Company or
by or on behalf of Holders of the Securities by virtue of this Article 12 that
otherwise would have been made to the Holders of the Securities shall, as
between the Company and the Holders of the Securities, be deemed to be payment
by the Company to or on account of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, it being
understood that the provisions of this Article 12 are intended solely for the
purpose of defining the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities, on the
one hand, and the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, on the other
hand.

         Section 12.5 Obligation of the Company Unconditional. Nothing contained
in this Article 12 or elsewhere in this Indenture or in any Security is intended
to or shall impair, as between the Company and the Holders of the Securities,
the obligations of the Company that are absolute and unconditional, to pay to
the Holders of the Securities the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on
the Securities as and when the same shall become due and payable in accordance
with their terms, or is intended to or shall affect the relative rights of the
Holders of the Securities and creditors of the Company other than the holders of
Senior Indebtedness of the Company nor, except as expressly provided in this
Article 12, shall anything herein or in the Securities prevent the Trustee or
the Holder of any Security from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by
applicable law upon default under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any,
under this Article 12 of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, in
respect of cash, property or securities of the Company received upon the
exercise of any such remedy. Upon any distribution of assets of the Company
referred to in this Article 12, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
Section 6.1, and the Holders of the Securities endorsed thereon shall be
entitled to rely upon any order or decree by any court of competent jurisdiction
in which such dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization proceedings
are pending, or a certificate of the liquidating trustee or agent or other
Person making any distribution to the Trustee or the Holders of the Securities
for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such
distribution, the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company and other
indebtedness of the Company, the amounts thereof or payable thereon, the amount
or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or
to this Article 12.

         Nothing contained in this Article 12 or elsewhere in this Indenture or
in any Security is intended to or shall affect the obligations of the Company to
make, or prevent the Company from making, at any time except during the pendency
of any dissolution, winding up, liquidation (total or partial) or similar
proceeding, and except during the continuance of any event specified in Section
12.2 (not cured or waived), payments at any time of the principal of, or
premium, if any, or interest on the Securities.

         Section 12.6 Knowledge of Trustee. Notwithstanding any provision of
this Indenture, the Trustee shall not at any time be charged with knowledge of
the existence of any facts that would prohibit the making of any payment of
moneys to or by the Trustee until three Business Days after a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee on behalf of the Trustee shall have received at the
Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee written notice thereof from the Company,
any Holder, or the holder or representative of any class of Senior Indebtedness
of the Company identifying the specific sections of this Indenture involved and
describing in detail the facts that would obligate the Trustee to withhold
payments to Holders of Securities, and, prior to such time, the Trustee, subject
to the provisions of Section 6.1, shall be entitled in all respects conclusively
to assume that no such facts exist. The Trustee shall be entitled to rely on the
delivery to it of a written notice by an individual representing himself to be a
holder of Senior

                                      -44-
<PAGE>

Indebtedness of the Company (or a trustee on behalf of such holder) to establish
that such notice has been given by a holder of any such Senior Indebtedness or a
trustee on behalf of any such holder.

         In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that further
evidence is required with respect to the right of any Person as a holder of
Senior Indebtedness of the Company to participate in any payment or distribution
pursuant to this Article 12, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish
evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to amount of Senior
Indebtedness of the Company held by such Person, the extent to which such Person
is entitled to participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts
pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article 12, and if such
evidence is not furnished, the Trustee may defer any payment to such Person
pending judicial determination as to the right of such Person to receive such
payment.

         Section 12.7 Application by Trustee of Moneys Deposited With It. If two
Business Days prior to the date on which by the terms of this Indenture any
moneys deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company or
a Subsidiary) may become payable for any purpose (including, without limitation,
the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Security),
the Trustee shall not have received with respect to such moneys the notice
provided for in Section 12.6, then the Trustee shall have full power and
authority to receive such moneys and to apply the same to the purpose for which
they were received and shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary that
may be received by it on or after such date. This Section 12.7 shall be
construed solely for the benefit of the Trustee and the Paying Agent and shall
not otherwise affect the rights of holders of such Senior Indebtedness.

         Section 12.8 Subordination Rights Not Impaired by Acts or Omissions of
Company or Holders of Senior Indebtedness. No right of any present or future
holders of any Senior Indebtedness of the Company to enforce subordination as
provided herein shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired by any
act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act or failure to act
by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by the Company with the terms of
this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof that any such holder may
have or be otherwise charged with.

         Section 12.9 Holders Authorize Trustee to Effectuate Subordination of
Securities. Each Holder of the Securities by his acceptance thereof authorizes
and expressly directs the Trustee on his behalf to take such action as may be
necessary or appropriate in the discretion of the Trustee to effectuate the
subordination provided in this Article 12 and appoints the Trustee his
attorney-in-fact for such purpose, including, without limitation, in the event
of any dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization of the Company
(whether in bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership proceedings or upon an
assignment for the benefit of creditors or otherwise) tending toward liquidation
of the business and assets of the Company, the timely filing of a claim for the
unpaid balance of his Securities in the form required in said proceedings. If
the Trustee does not file a proper claim or proof of debt in the form required
in such proceedings before the expiration of the time to file such claim or
claims, then the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company are hereby
authorized to have the right to file and are hereby authorized to file an
appropriate claim for and on behalf of the Holders of said Securities.

         Section 12.10 Right of Trustee to Hold Senior Indebtedness. The Trustee
shall be entitled to all of the rights set forth in this Article 12 in respect
of any Senior Indebtedness of the Company at any time held by it to the same
extent as any other holder of such Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and
nothing in this Indenture shall be construed to deprive the Trustee of any of
its rights as such holder. With respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of
the Company, the Trustee undertakes to perform or to observe only such of its
covenants and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Article 12, and
no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness of the Company shall be read into this Indenture against the
Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the
holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and the Trustee shall not be
liable to any holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company if it shall
mistakenly pay over or deliver to Holders of Securities, the Company or any
other Person moneys or assets to which any holder of such Senior Indebtedness
shall be entitled by virtue of this Article 12 or otherwise.

                                      -45-
<PAGE>

         Section 12.11 Article 12 Not to Prevent Events of Default. The failure
to make a payment on account of principal or interest by reason of any provision
in this Article 12 shall not be construed as preventing the occurrence of an
Event of Default under Section 5.1.

         Section 12.12 Paying Agents Other Than the Trustee. In case at any time
any Paying Agent (including, without limitation, the Company or any Subsidiary)
other than the Trustee shall have been appointed by the Company and be then
acting hereunder, the term "Trustee" as used in this Article 12 shall in such
case (unless the context shall otherwise require) be construed as extending to
and including such Paying Agent (except the Company and its subsidiaries in the
case of Sections 12.6 and 12.7) within its meaning as fully for all intents and
purposes as if such Paying Agent were named in this Article 12 in addition to or
in place of the Trustee.

         Section 12.13 Trustee's Compensation Not Prejudiced. Nothing in this
Article 12 shall apply to amounts due to the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.9.

         Section 12.14 Trust Moneys Not Subordinated. Notwithstanding anything
contained herein to the contrary, payments from money held in trust under
Article 4 by the Trustee for the payment of principal of, premium, if any, and
interest on the Securities shall not be subordinated to the prior payment of any
Senior Indebtedness of the Company or subject to the restrictions set forth in
this Article 12, and none of the Holders shall be obligated to pay over any such
amount to the Company or any holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company or any
other creditor of the Company.]

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

                                       ROBBINS & MYERS, INC.

                                       By: _____________________________________
                                           Name: _______________________________
                                           Title: ______________________________

                                       _________________________________________
                                       __________________________, TRUSTEE

                                       By: _____________________________________
                                           Name: _______________________________
                                           Title: ______________________________

                                      -46-<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                          ROBBINS & MYERS, INC., ISSUER

                                       TO

                              ___________, TRUSTEE

                                 ---------------

                                    INDENTURE

                         DATED AS OF _______ ___, 200__

                                 --------------

                   CONVERTIBLE [SUBORDINATED] DEBT SECURITIES

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<PAGE>

         Reconciliation and tie between Indenture, dated as of ________________,
200_, and the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939 SECTION                     INDENTURE SECTION
-----------------------------------                     -----------------
<S>                                                     <C>
310   (a)(1)                                                    6.12
      (a)(2)                                                    6.12
      (a)(3)                                               Not applicable
      (a)(4)                                               Not applicable
      (a)(5)                                                    TIA
      (b)                                                    6.3; 6.10
311   (a)                                                       6.3
      (b)                                                       6.3
312   (a)                                                       6.8
      (b)                                                       TIA
      (c)                                                       TIA
313   (a)                                                       6.7
      (b)                                                       6.7
      (c)                                                       6.7
      (d)                                                       6.7
314   (a)                                                     9.6; 9.7
      (b)                                                  Not applicable
      (c)(1)                                                    1.2
      (c)(2)                                                    1.2
      (c)(3)                                               Not applicable
      (d)                                                  Not applicable
      (e)                                                       1.2
      (f)                                                       TIA
315   (a)                                                       6.1
      (b)                                                       6.6
      (c)                                                       6.1
      (d)(1)                                                    6.1
      (d)(2)                                                    6.1
      (d)(3)                                                    6.1
      (e)                                                       6.10
316   (a)(1)(A)                                                 5.8
      (a)(1)(B)                                                 5.7
      (b)                                                       5.10
      (c)                                                       1.4
      (a)(1)                                                    5.3
317   (a)(2)                                                    5.4
      (b)                                                       9.3
      (a)                                                       1.12
318   (b)                                                       TIA
      (c)                                                    1.11; TIA
</TABLE>

------------
This reconciliation and tie section does not constitute part of the Indenture

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                                      PAGE
<S>                                                                                                                   <C>
ARTICLE 1 Definitions and Other Provisions of General Application.................................................      1

         Section 1.1 Definitions..................................................................................      1
         Section 1.2 Compliance Certificates and Opinions.........................................................      6
         Section 1.3 Form of Document Delivered to Trustee........................................................      6
         Section 1.4 Acts of Holders..............................................................................      6
         Section 1.5 Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company........................................................      7
         Section 1.6 Notice to Holders; Waiver....................................................................      7
         Section 1.7 Headings and Table of Contents...............................................................      8
         Section 1.8 Successors and Assigns.......................................................................      8
         Section 1.9 Separability.................................................................................      8
         Section 1.10 Benefits of Indenture.......................................................................      8
         Section 1.11 Governing Law...............................................................................      8
         Section 1.12 Conflict of Any Provision of Indenture With Trust Indenture Act.............................      8
         Section 1.13 No Recourse Against Others..................................................................      8
         Section 1.14 Waiver of Trial by Jury.....................................................................      8
         Section 1.15 Counterparts................................................................................      8
         Section 1.16 Legal Holidays..............................................................................      8

ARTICLE 2 Security Forms..........................................................................................      9

         Section 2.1 Forms Generally..............................................................................      9
         Section 2.2 Form of Face of Security.....................................................................      9
         Section 2.3 Form of Reverse of Security..................................................................     10
         Section 2.4 Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication..............................................     14

ARTICLE 3 The Securities..........................................................................................     14

         Section 3.1 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.........................................................     14
         Section 3.2 Denominations................................................................................     16
         Section 3.3 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating...............................................     16
         Section 3.4 Temporary Securities.........................................................................     18
         Section 3.5 Registration; Registration of Transfers and Exchanges........................................     18
         Section 3.6 Replacement Securities.......................................................................     19
         Section 3.7 Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved...............................................     20
         Section 3.8 Persons Deemed Owners........................................................................     21
         Section 3.9 Cancellation.................................................................................     21
         Section 3.10 Computation of Interest.....................................................................     21
         Section 3.11 CUSIP Numbers...............................................................................     21

ARTICLE 4 Satisfaction, Discharge and Covenant Defeasance.........................................................     21

         Section 4.1 Termination of Company's Obligations Under the Indenture.....................................     21
         Section 4.2 Application of Trust Funds...................................................................     22
         Section 4.3 Applicability of Defeasance Provisions; Company's Option to Effect Covenant Defeasance.......     22
         Section 4.4 Covenant Defeasance..........................................................................     22
         Section 4.5 Conditions to Covenant Defeasance............................................................     23
         Section 4.6 Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust...............................     24
         Section 4.7 Transfers and Distribution at Company Request................................................     24

ARTICLE 5 Defaults and Remedies...................................................................................     24

         Section 5.1 Events of Default............................................................................     24
</TABLE>

                                      (i)

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                                                    <C>
         Section 5.2 Acceleration, Rescission and Annulment.......................................................     25
         Section 5.3 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee..............................     26
         Section 5.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.............................................................     26
         Section 5.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities..................................     26
         Section 5.6 Delay or Omission Not Waiver.................................................................     26
         Section 5.7 Waiver of Past Defaults......................................................................     26
         Section 5.8 Control by Majority..........................................................................     26
         Section 5.9 Limitation on Suits by Holders...............................................................     27
         Section 5.10 Rights of Holders to Receive Payment........................................................     27
         Section 5.11 Application of Money Collected..............................................................     27
         Section 5.12 Restoration of Rights and Remedies..........................................................     28
         Section 5.13 Rights and Remedies Cumulative..............................................................     28

ARTICLE 6 The Trustee.............................................................................................     28

         Section 6.1 Certain Duties and Responsibilities..........................................................     28
         Section 6.2 Rights of Trustee............................................................................     29
         Section 6.3 Trustee May Hold Securities..................................................................     29
         Section 6.4 Money Held in Trust..........................................................................     30
         Section 6.5 Trustee's Disclaimer.........................................................................     30
         Section 6.6 Notice of Defaults...........................................................................     30
         Section 6.7 Reports by Trustee to Holders................................................................     30
         Section 6.8 Securityholder Lists.........................................................................     30
         Section 6.9 Compensation and Indemnity...................................................................     30
         Section 6.10 Replacement of Trustee......................................................................     31
         Section 6.11 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor......................................................     32
         Section 6.12 Eligibility; Disqualification...............................................................     32
         Section 6.13 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.................................     33
         Section 6.14 Appointment of Authenticating Agent.........................................................     33
         Section 6.15 Trustee's Application for Instructions From the Company.....................................     34

ARTICLE 7 Consolidation, Merger or Sale by the Company............................................................     34

ARTICLE 8 Amendments and Supplemental Indentures..................................................................     35

         Section 8.1 Amendments and Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders............................     35
         Section 8.2 With Consent of Holders......................................................................     35
         Section 8.3 Compliance With Trust Indenture Act..........................................................     36
         Section 8.4 Execution of Amendments and Supplemental Indentures..........................................     36
         Section 8.5 Effect of Amendments and Supplemental Indentures.............................................     36
         Section 8.6 Reference in Securities to Amendments and Supplemental Indentures............................     36

ARTICLE 9 Covenants...............................................................................................     37

         Section 9.1 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest...................................................     37
         Section 9.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency..............................................................     37
         Section 9.3 Money for Securities to Be Held in Trust; Unclaimed Money....................................     37
         Section 9.4 Corporate Existence..........................................................................     38
         Section 9.5 Insurance....................................................................................     38
         Section 9.6 Reports by the Company.......................................................................     38
         Section 9.7 Annual Review Certificate; Notice of Default.................................................     38
         Section 9.8 Provision of Financial Statements............................................................     39

ARTICLE 10 Redemption.............................................................................................     39

         Section 10.1 Applicability of Article....................................................................     39
         Section 10.2 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.......................................................     39
         Section 10.3 Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed......................................................     39
</TABLE>

                                      (ii)

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                                                    <C>
         Section 10.4 Notice of Redemption........................................................................     40
         Section 10.5 Deposit of Redemption Price.................................................................     40
         Section 10.6 Securities Payable on Redemption Date.......................................................     41
         Section 10.7 Securities Redeemed in Part.................................................................     41

ARTICLE 11 Sinking Funds..........................................................................................     41

         Section 11.1 Applicability of Article....................................................................     41
         Section 11.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments With Securities.......................................     41
         Section 11.3 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund...................................................     42

ARTICLE 12 Conversion of Securities...............................................................................     42

         Section 12.1 Conversion Right............................................................................     42
         Section 12.2 Exercise of Conversion Right................................................................     42
         Section 12.3 Fractional Shares...........................................................................     43
         Section 12.4 Adjustment of Conversion Price..............................................................     43
         Section 12.5 Notice of Adjustments of Conversion Price...................................................     44
         Section 12.6 Notice of Certain Corporate Action..........................................................     45
         Section 12.7 Company to Reserve Common Shares............................................................     45
         Section 12.8 Taxes on Conversions........................................................................     45
         Section 12.9 Covenant as to Common Shares................................................................     45
         Section 12.10 Cancellation of Converted Securities.......................................................     45
         Section 12.11 Provisions in Case of Consolidation, Merger or Sale of Assets..............................     45

ARTICLE 13 Subordination of Securities............................................................................     46

         Section 13.1 Securities Subordinated to Senior Indebtedness..............................................     46
         Section 13.2 Company Not to Make Payments With Respect to Securities in Certain Circumstances;
                           Limitations on Acceleration of Securities..............................................     46
         Section 13.3 Securities Subordinated to Prior Payment of All Senior Indebtedness on Dissolution,
                           Liquidation or Reorganization of the Company...........................................     48
         Section 13.4 Holders to Be Subrogated to Rights of Holders of Senior Indebtedness........................     49
         Section 13.5 Obligation of the Company Unconditional.....................................................     49
         Section 13.6 Knowledge of Trustee........................................................................     49
         Section 13.7 Application by Trustee of Moneys Deposited With It..........................................     50
         Section 13.8 Subordination Rights Not Impaired by Acts or Omissions of Company or
                           Holders of Senior Indebtedness.........................................................     50
         Section 13.9 Holders Authorize Trustee to Effectuate Subordination of Securities.........................     50
         Section 13.10 Right of Trustee to Hold Senior Indebtedness...............................................     50
         Section 13.11 Article 13 Not to Prevent Events of Default................................................     50
         Section 13.12 Paying Agents Other Than the Trustee.......................................................     50
         Section 13.13 Trustee's Compensation Not Prejudiced......................................................     51
         Section 13.14 Trust Moneys Not Subordinated..............................................................     51
</TABLE>

                                     (iii)

<PAGE>

         INDENTURE, dated as of ___________________, 200_, between ROBBINS &
MYERS, INC., an Ohio corporation (the "Company"), as issuer, and _____________,
a ________________ corporation, as Trustee (the "Trustee").

                                    RECITALS

         The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured
convertible [subordinated] debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness
("Securities") to be issued in one or more series as herein provided.

         All things necessary to make the Securities, when executed by the
Company, the valid obligations of the Company, and to make this Indenture a
valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with their and its terms, have
been done.

         For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders (as hereinafter defined) thereof, it is mutually
covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the
Holders of the Securities:

                                   ARTICLE 1

             DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

         Section 1.1 Definitions. (a) For all purposes of this Indenture, except
as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

                  (1)      the terms defined in this Article have the meanings
         assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the
         singular;

                  (2)      all other terms used herein that are defined in the
         Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the
         meanings assigned to them therein;

                  (3)      all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein
         have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally
         accepted accounting principles; and

                  (4)      the words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and
         other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and
         not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

         "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by, or under direct or indirect common
control with, such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, "control"
when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the
management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through
the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms
"controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

         "Agent" means any Paying Agent or Registrar.

         "Authenticating Agent" means any authenticating agent appointed by the
Trustee pursuant to Section 6.14.

         "Board" or "Board of Directors" means the Board of Directors of the
Company, the executive committee or any other duly authorized committee thereof.

         "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution of the Board of
Directors certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to
have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and
effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

                                       -1-

<PAGE>

         "Business Day," when used with respect to any Place of Payment or any
other particular location referred to in this Indenture or in the Securities,
means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to
Section 3.1, each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a
day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment or particular
location are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

         "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time
to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after
the execution of this Indenture such Commission is not existing and performing
the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body
performing such duties at such time.

         "Common Share" means any common share of any class of the Company that
has no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of
any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the
Company and that is not subject to redemption by the Company. Subject to the
provisions of Section 12.11, however, shares issuable on conversion of
Securities shall include only shares of the class designated as Common Shares of
the Company as of the date of this Indenture or shares of any class or classes
resulting from any reclassification or reclassifications thereof, which shares
shall have no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the
event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of
the Company and which shares are not subject to redemption by the Company;
provided, however, that if at any time there shall be more than one such
resulting class, the shares of each such class then so issuable shall be
substantially proportionate to that number by which the total number of shares
of such class bears to the total number of shares of all such classes.

         "Company" means the Person named as the Company in the introductory
paragraph of this Indenture until one or more successor corporations shall have
become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and
thereafter means such successors.

         "Company Order" and "Company Request" mean, respectively, a written
order or request signed in the name of the Company by the Chairman of the Board,
the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President, or, with
respect to Sections 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 6.1, any other employee of the Company
named in an Officers' Certificate delivered to the Trustee.

         "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal office of the Trustee at
which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally
administered.

         "Corporation" includes corporations, associations, companies and
business trusts.

         "Default" means any event that is, or after notice or passage of time,
or both, would be, an Event of Default.

         "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
and all the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

         "Government Obligations" means securities that are (i) direct
obligations of the United States or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or
supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States
the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit
obligation by the United States, which are not callable or redeemable at the
option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued
by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Government
Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such
Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a
depositary receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is
not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of
such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of
the Government Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.

         "Holder" means a person in whose name a Security is registered on the
Register.

                                       -2-

<PAGE>

         "Indebtedness" of any Person as of any date means, without duplication,
all indebtedness of such Person in respect of borrowed money, including all
interest, fees and expenses owed in connection therewith, indebtedness evidenced
by notes, debentures, bonds or other instruments of indebtedness, obligations
for the reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, banker's
acceptance or similar credit transaction, or obligations under capitalized
leases and equipment leases.

         "Indenture" means this Indenture as originally executed or as amended
or supplemented from time to time and shall include the forms and terms (but not
defined terms established in an Officers' Certificate or a Board Resolution) of
particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 2.1 and
3.1.

         "Indexed Security" means a Security the terms of which provide that the
principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the
principal face amount thereof at original issuance.

         "Interest," when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount
Security which by its terms bears interest only after maturity, means interest
payable after maturity.

         "Interest Payment Date," when used with respect to any Security, means
the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

         "Maturity," when used with respect to any Security, means the date on
which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due
and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by
declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

         "Officer" means the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President,
any Executive Vice President, any Senior Vice President, any Vice President or
the Secretary of the Company.

         "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the Chairman of
the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President.

         "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of legal counsel, who may
be (i) the most senior attorney employed by the Company, (ii) the Company's
outside counsel, or (iii) other counsel designated by the Company and who shall
be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

         "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security that provides for
an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section
5.2.

         "Outstanding," when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the
date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture, except:

                  (i)      Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or
         delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

                  (ii)     Securities, or portions thereof, the payment or
         redemption money of which in the necessary amount has been theretofore
         deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company)
         in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the
         Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such
         Securities, provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed,
         notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this
         Indenture or provisions therefor satisfactory to the Trustee have been
         made;

                  (iii)    Securities, except to the extent provided in Section
         4.4, with respect to which the Company has effected covenant defeasance
         as provided in Article 4; and

                  (iv)     Securities that have been paid pursuant to the third
         paragraph of Section 3.6 or in lieu of which other Securities have been
         authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any

                                       -3-

<PAGE>

         such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to
         the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a
         bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid
         obligations of the Company;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, or whether
sufficient funds are available for redemption or for any other purpose, and for
the purpose of making the calculations required by Section 313 of the Trust
Indenture Act, (y) the principal amount of any Original Issue Discount
Securities that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and
that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the
amount of principal thereof that would be (or shall have been declared to be)
due and payable, at the time of such determination, upon a declaration of
acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2, and (z) Securities
owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate
of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to
be outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be
protected in making such calculation or in relying upon any such request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities
that the Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so
owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as outstanding if the
pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to
act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or
any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such
other obligor.

         "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the
principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Securities on behalf of the
Company.

         "Periodic Offering" means an offering of Securities of a series from
time to time the specific terms of which Securities, including, without
limitation, the rate or rates of interest or formula for determining the rate or
rates of interest thereon, if any, the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities
thereof, the original issue date or dates thereof, the redemption provisions, if
any, with respect thereto, and any other terms specified as contemplated by
Section 3.1 with respect thereto, are to be determined by the Company upon the
issuance of such Securities.

         "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture,
association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

         "Place of Payment," when used with respect to the Securities of or
within any series, means the place or places where, subject to the provisions of
Section 9.2, the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on such Securities
are payable as specified as contemplated by Section 3.1.

         "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security
authenticated and delivered under Section 3.6 in exchange for or in lieu of a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the
same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

         "Redemption Date," when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this
Indenture.

         "Redemption Price," when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, in whole or in part, means the price at which it is to be redeemed
pursuant to this Indenture.

         "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment
Date on the Securities of or within any series means the date specified for that
purpose as contemplated by Section 3.1.

         "Responsible Officer," when used with respect to the Trustee, means the
chairman or any vice chairman of the board of directors, the chairman or any
vice chairman of the executive committee of the board of directors, the chairman
of the trust committee, the president, any senior vice president, any vice
president, any assistant vice president, the secretary, the treasurer, any
assistant treasurer, the cashier, any assistant cashier, any senior trust
officer, any trust officer, the controller, any assistant controller, or any
other officer of the Trustee customarily

                                       -4-

<PAGE>

performing functions similar to those performed by the persons who at the time
shall be such officers, respectively, and also means, with respect to a
particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such corporate
trust matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the
particular subject.

         "Security" or "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital
of this Indenture and more particularly means any Security or Securities of the
Company issued, authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

         "Senior Indebtedness" means all Indebtedness of the Company (other than
the Securities), unless such Indebtedness by its terms, or the terms of the
instrument creating or evidencing it, is subordinate in right of payment to or
pari passu with the Securities.

         "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest on the
Securities of any issue means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section
3.7.

         "Stated Maturity," when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified
in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

         "Subsidiary" means any corporation of which the Company at the time
owns or controls, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the shares of
outstanding stock having general voting power under ordinary circumstances to
elect a majority of the board of directors of such corporation (irrespective of
whether or not at the time stock of any other class or classes of such
corporation shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of
any contingency).

         "Trading Day" means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and
Friday, other than any day on which Securities are not traded on the applicable
securities exchange or in the applicable securities market.

         "Trustee" means the party named as such in the introductory paragraph
of this Indenture until a successor Trustee replaces it pursuant to the
applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter means such successor
Trustee and if, at any time, there is more than one Trustee, "Trustee" as used
with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect
to the Securities of that series.

         "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended, as in effect on the date of this Indenture, except as provided in
Section 8.3.

         "Yield to Maturity" means the yield to maturity, calculated by the
Company at the time of issuance of a series of Securities or, if applicable, at
the most recent determination of interest on such series, in accordance with
accepted financial practice.

                  (b)      The following terms shall have the meanings specified
in the Sections referred to opposite such term below:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
      TERM                           SECTION
    --------                      -------------
<S>                               <C>
"Act"                                 1.4 (a)
"Bankruptcy Law"                      5.1
"Constituent Person"                 12.11
"Custodian"                           5.1
"Defaulted Interest"                  3.7
"Event of Default"                    5.1
"Nonelecting Share"                  12.11
"Payment Block"                      13.2 (c)
"Payment Notice"                     13.2 (c)
</TABLE>

                                       -5-

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                   <C>
"Register"                            3.5
"Registrar"                           3.5
</TABLE>

         Section 1.2 Compliance Certificates and Opinions. Upon any application
or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision
of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this
Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion
of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions
precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such
application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is
specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such
particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be
furnished.

         Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than pursuant to
Sections 2.1, 3.1, 3.3 and 9.7) shall include:

                  (a)      a statement that each individual signing such
         certificate or opinion has read such condition or covenant and the
         definitions herein relating thereto;

                  (b)      a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
         examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions
         contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

                  (c)      a statement that, in the opinion of each such
         individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is
         necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or
         not such condition or covenant has been complied with; and

                  (d)      a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each
         such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

         Section 1.3 Form of Document Delivered to Trustee. In any case where
several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of,
any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by,
or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified
or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an
opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to
other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such
matters in one or several documents.

         Any certificates or opinions of an Officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, counsel, unless such Officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care would have known, that the certificate or opinion or
representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or
opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate or Opinion of Counsel may
be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or
opinion of, or representations by, an Officer or Officers of the Company stating
that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession
of the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care
would have known, that the certificate or opinion or representations as to such
matters are erroneous.

         Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.

         Section 1.4 Acts of Holders. (a) Any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to
be given or taken by the Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more
instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or
by agent duly appointed in writing. Except as herein otherwise expressly
provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments
are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the
Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and
evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the Holders
signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such
instrument or of

                                       -6-

<PAGE>

a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this
Indenture and conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the
manner provided in this Section.

                  (b)      The fact and date of the execution by any Person of
any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of
such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer
authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the
individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution
thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his
individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute
sufficient proof of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any
such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same,
may also be proved in any other reasonable manner that the Trustee deems
sufficient.

                  (c)      The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the
Register.

                  (d)      Any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind
every future Holder of the same Security and the holder of every Security issued
upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu
thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the
Trustee or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such
action is made upon such Security.

                  (e)      If the Company shall solicit from the Holders any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act,
the Company may, at its option, by or pursuant to an Officers' Certificate
delivered to the Trustee, fix in advance a record date for the determination of
Holders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other Act, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so.
If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be given before or after such record
date, but only the Holders of record at the close of business on such record
date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purpose of determining whether
Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized,
agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities
shall be computed as of such record date; provided, however, that no such
authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders on such record date shall be
deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of
clause (a) of this Section 1.4 not later than 180 days after the record date.

         Section 1.5 Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company. Any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other
document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or
furnished to, or filed with,

                  (a)      the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or
         filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office,
         or

                  (b)      the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein
         expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage
         prepaid, to the Company addressed to it at Robbins & Myers, Inc., 1400
         Kettering Tower, Dayton, Ohio 45423, Attention: Secretary or at any
         other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the
         Company.

         Section 1.6 Notice to Holders; Waiver. Where this Indenture provides
for notice to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given
(unless otherwise herein expressly provided or otherwise agreed to by a Holder)
if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected
by such event, at his address as it appears in the Register, within the time
prescribed for the giving of such notice.

         In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the
failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any
particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to
other Holders. Any notice mailed to a Holder in the manner herein prescribed
shall be conclusively deemed to have been received by such Holder, whether or
not such Holder actually receives such notice.

                                       -7-

<PAGE>

         If by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of
any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice as provided above,
then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall
constitute sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

         Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may
be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either
before or after the event, and such waiver shall be equivalent to such notice.
Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing
shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in
reliance upon such waiver.

         Section 1.7 Headings and Table of Contents. The Article and Section
headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not
affect the construction hereof.

         Section 1.8 Successors and Assigns. All covenants and agreements in
this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so
expressed or not..

         Section 1.9 Separability. In case any provision of this Indenture or
the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity,
legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be
affected or impaired thereby.

         Section 1.10 Benefits of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or in the
Securities, expressed or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the
parties hereto, any Registrar, any Paying Agent, any Authenticating Agent, and
their successors hereunder, and the Holders any benefit or any legal or
equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

         Section 1.11 Governing Law. THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE
GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are
required to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be
governed by such provisions.

         Section 1.12 Conflict of Any Provision of Indenture With Trust
Indenture Act. If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits,
qualifies or conflicts with any provision (an "incorporated provision") required
by or deemed to be included in this Indenture by operation of the Trust
Indenture Act, such imposed duties or incorporated provisions shall control. If
any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust
Indenture Act that may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be
deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or excluded, as the case may
be.

         Section 1.13 No Recourse Against Others. A director, officer, employee
or shareholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any
obligations of the Company under the Securities or this Indenture or for any
claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their
creation. Each Holder by accepting any of the Securities waives and releases all
such liability.

         Section 1.14 Waiver of Trial by Jury. The Company, the Trustee and the
Holders hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive the right to trial by jury
in connection with any claim arising out of or relating to the Securities and
under this Indenture.

         Section 1.15 Counterparts. This Indenture may be executed in any number
of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall
together constitute but one instrument.

         Section 1.16 Legal Holidays. In any case where any Interest Payment
Date, Redemption Date, sinking fund payment date, Stated Maturity or Maturity of
any Security or the last date on which a Holder has the right to convert the
Holder's Securities shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then
(notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any Security other
than a provision in the Securities of any series that specifically states that
such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section) payment of principal,
premium, if any, or interest, or conversion of the Securities need not be made
at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding
Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made
on such

                                       -8-

<PAGE>

date; provided, however, that no interest shall accrue on the amount so payable
for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date,
sinking fund payment date, Stated Maturity or Maturity, or on such last day for
conversion, as the case may be.

                                   ARTICLE 2

                                 SECURITY FORMS

         Section 2.1 Forms Generally. The Securities of each series shall be in
substantially the form set forth in this Article, or in such other form or forms
as shall be established by delivery to the Trustee of an Officers' Certificate
or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such
appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are
required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or
other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as
may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or as may,
consistently herewith, be determined by the Officers executing such Securities
as evidenced by their execution of the Securities. If temporary Securities of
any series are issued as permitted by Section 3.4, the form thereof also shall
be established as provided in the preceding sentence. If the form of Securities
of any series are established by an Officers' Certificate, such Officers'
Certificate shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the
Company Order contemplated by Section 3.3 for the authentication and delivery of
such Securities.

         The permanent Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved or
produced by any combination of these methods or may be produced in any other
manner, all as determined by the Officers executing such Securities as evidenced
by their execution of such Securities.

         Section 2.2 Form of Face of Security. [If the Security is an Original
Issue Discount Security, insert FOR PURPOSES OF SECTIONS 1273 AND 1275 OF THE
UNITED STATES INTERNAL REVENUE CODE, THE AMOUNT OF ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT ON
THIS SECURITY IS _______% OF ITS PRINCIPAL AMOUNT AND THE ISSUE DATE IS
______________, 200_[, AND] THE YIELD TO MATURITY IS ________%. [THE METHOD USED
TO DETERMINE THE YIELD IS _____________ AND THE AMOUNT OF ORIGINAL ISSUE
DISCOUNT APPLICABLE TO THE SHORT ACCRUAL PERIOD OF __________________, 200_ TO
_________________, 200_ IS ____% OF THE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THIS SECURITY.]]

                              ROBBINS & MYERS, INC.

$_______                                                              No.______

         ROBBINS & MYERS, INC., a corporation duly organized and existing under
the laws of the state of Ohio (herein called the "Company," which term includes
any successor corporation under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for
value received, hereby promises to pay to __________________ or registered
assigns, the principal sum of ___________________________________________
Dollars ($_________________) on [If the Security is to bear interest prior to
Maturity: ______________ and to pay interest thereon from __________________ or
from the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or
duly provided for, semiannually on ____________ and in each year, commencing
________________, [If the Security is to bear interest at a fixed rate: at the
rate of ___________ % per annum] [if the Security is to bear interest at an
adjustable rate: at a rate per annum computed or determined in accordance with
the provisions below], until the principal hereof is paid or made available for
payment [If applicable: and (to the extent that the payment of such interest
shall be legally enforceable) at the rate of ___________% per annum on any
overdue principal and premium and on any overdue installment of interest]. The
interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest
Payment Date will, as provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose
name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the
close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be
the _______________ or _________________ (whether or not a Business Day), as the
case may be, the next Business Day preceding such Interest Payment Date. Any
such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for will

                                       -9-

<PAGE>

forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may
either be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more
Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special
Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the
Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this series
not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid at any time
in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any
securities exchange on which the Securities of this series may be listed, and
upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, all as more fully provided
in said Indenture].

         [If the Security is not to bear interest prior to Maturity: The
principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a
default in payment of principal upon acceleration or redemption or at the Stated
Maturity and, in such case, the overdue principal of this Security shall bear
interest at the rate of _______% per annum (to the extent that the payment of
such interest shall be legally enforceable), which shall accrue from the date of
such default in payment to the date payment of such principal has been made or
duly provided for. Interest on any overdue principal shall be payable on demand.
Any such interest on any overdue principal that is not so paid on demand shall
bear interest at the rate of _______% per annum (to the extent that the payment
of such interest shall be legally enforceable), which shall accrue from the date
of such demand for payment to the date payment of such interest has been made or
duly provided for, and such interest shall also be payable on demand.]

         Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and [If
applicable: any such] interest on this Security will be made at the office or
agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in the city and state of New
York in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of
payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts [if applicable:
provided, however, that at the option of the Company payment of interest may be
made by check mailed on or before the relevant Interest Payment Date to the
address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the
Register].

         Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set
forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes
have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

         Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by
the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security
shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or
obligatory for any purpose.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly
executed.

Date:_____________________

                                                    ROBBINS & MYERS, INC.

                                                    By:_________________________

Attest:____________________

         Section 2.3 Form of Reverse of Security. This Security is one of a duly
authorized issue of securities of the Company (herein called the "Securities")
issued and to be issued in one or more series under an Indenture, dated as of
________________, 200_ (herein called the "Indenture"), between the Company
(which term includes any successor corporation under the Indenture) and
____________________, as Trustee (herein called the "Trustee," which term
includes any successor trustee under the Indenture with respect to the series of
which this Security is a part), to which the Indenture and all indentures
supplemental thereto reference is hereby made for a statement of the respective
rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company,
the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and of the terms upon which the
Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. This Security is one
of the series designated on the face hereof [, limited in aggregate principal
amount to $ ].

         Subject to and upon compliance with the provisions of the Indenture,
the Holder of this Security is entitled, at the Holder's option, at any time on
or before the close of business on _____________________, _____________,

                                      -10-

<PAGE>

or, in case this Security or a portion hereof is called for redemption, then in
respect of this Security or such portion hereof until and including, but (unless
the Company defaults in making the payment due upon redemption) not after, the
close of business on the Business Day which is 10 days prior to the Redemption
Date, to convert this Security (or any portion of the principal amount hereof
that is $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof), at the principal amount hereof,
or any such portion, into fully paid and non-assessable shares (calculated as to
each conversion to the nearest 1/100 of a share) of Common Shares of the Company
at a conversion price equal to $____________ aggregate principal amount of
Securities for each Common Share (or at the current adjusted conversion price if
an adjustment has been made as provided in the Indenture), by surrender of this
Security, duly endorsed or assigned to the Company or in blank, to the Company
at its office or agency in ___________________, accompanied by written notice to
the Company that the Holder hereof elects to convert this Security or, if less
than the entire principal amount hereof is to be converted, the portion hereof
to be converted, and, in case such surrender shall be made during the period
from the close of business on any Regular Record Date next preceding any
Interest Payment Date to the opening of business on such Interest Payment Date
(unless this Security or the portion thereof being converted has been called for
redemption on a Redemption Date within such period), accompanied by payment in
New York Clearing House or other funds acceptable to the Company of an amount
equal to the interest payable on such Interest Payment Date on the principal
amount of this Security then being converted. Subject to the aforesaid
requirement for payment and, in the case of a conversion after the Regular
Record Date next preceding any Interest Payment Date and on or before such
Interest Payment Date, to the right of the Holder of this Security (or any
Predecessor Security) of record at such Regular Record Date to receive an
installment of interest (with certain exceptions provided in the Indenture), no
payment or adjustment is to be made on conversion for interest accrued hereon or
for dividends on the Common Shares issued on conversion. No fractional shares or
scrip representing fractional shares will be issued on conversion. Instead of a
fractional interest, the Company shall pay a cash adjustment as provided in the
Indenture. The conversion price is subject to adjustment as provided in the
Indenture. In addition, the Indenture provides that in case of certain
consolidations or mergers to which the Company is a party or the transfer of
substantially all of the assets of the Company, the Indenture shall be amended,
without the consent of any Holders, so that this Security, if then outstanding,
will be convertible thereafter, during the period this Security shall be
convertible as specified above, only into the kind and amount of securities,
cash and other property receivable upon the consolidation, merger or transfer by
a holder of the number of Common Shares into which this Security might have been
converted immediately prior to such consolidation, merger or transfer (assuming
such holder of Common Shares failed to exercise any rights of election and
received per share the kind and amount received per share by a plurality of
nonelecting shares).

         [If applicable: The indebtedness evidenced by this Security is, to the
extent provided in the Indenture, subordinate and subject in right of payment to
the prior payment in full of all indebtedness and obligations of the Company as
are defined in the Indenture as "Senior Indebtedness," and this Security is
issued subject to the provisions of the Indenture with respect thereto. Each
Holder of this Security, by accepting the same, agrees to and shall be bound by
such provisions. Each Holder of this Security, by accepting the same, agrees
that each holder of Senior Indebtedness, whether created or acquired before or
after the issuance of this Security, shall be deemed conclusively to have relied
on such subordination provisions in acquiring, or in continuing to hold, such
Senior Indebtedness.]

         [If applicable: The Securities of this series are subject to redemption
upon not less than 30 days' notice by mail, [if applicable: (1) on __________ in
any year commencing with the year __________ and ending with the year
___________ at a Redemption Price equal to ____% of the principal amount and
(2)] at any time [on or after 200 ], as a whole or in part, at the election of
the Company, at the following Redemption Prices (expressed as percentages of the
principal amount): If redeemed [on or before ________________, ___________%, and
if redeemed] during the 12-month period beginning _______________ of the years
indicated,

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
     Year          Redemption Price          Year         Redemption Price
--------------    ------------------        ------       -------------------
<S>               <C>                       <C>          <C>
</TABLE>

                                      -11-

<PAGE>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to % of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption with accrued interest to the
Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior
to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or
one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the
relevant Regular Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in
the Indenture.]

         [If applicable: The Securities of this series are subject to redemption
upon not less than 30 days' notice by mail, (1) on __________ in any year
commencing with the year __________ and ending with the year __________ through
operation of the sinking fund for this series at the Redemption Prices for
redemption through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as percentages of
the principal amount) set forth in the table below and (2) at any time [on or
after__________], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the
Redemption Prices for redemption otherwise than through operation of the sinking
fund (expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table
below: If redeemed during the 12-month period beginning __________ of the years
indicated,

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
               Redemption Price for Redemption Through            Redemption Price for Redemption Otherwise
   Year              Operation of the Sinking Fund                Than Through Operation of the Sinking Fund
---------    --------------------------------------------      ------------------------------------------------
<S>          <C>                                               <C>
</TABLE>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to ____% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption (whether through operation of the
sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but
interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption
Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant
Regular Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the
Indenture.]

         [Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may not, prior to
__________, redeem any Securities of this series as contemplated by [clause (2)
of] the preceding paragraph as a part of, or in anticipation of, any refunding
operation by the application, directly or indirectly, of moneys borrowed having
an interest cost to the Company (calculated in accordance with generally
accepted financial practice) of less than ____% per annum.]

         [The sinking fund for this series provides for the redemption on
__________ in each year beginning with the year __________ and ending with the
year __________ of [not less than] $__________ [("mandatory sinking fund")] and
not more than $__________ aggregate principal amount of Securities of this
series. [Securities of this series converted pursuant to the Indenture or
acquired or redeemed by the Company otherwise than through [mandatory] sinking
fund payments may be credited against subsequent [mandatory] sinking fund
payments otherwise required to be made in the [describe order] order in which
they become due.]]

         [In the event of redemption or conversion of this Security in part
only, a new Security or Securities of this series for the unredeemed or
unconverted portion hereof will be issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon
the cancellation hereof.]

         [If applicable: The Securities of this series are subject to the
covenant defeasance provisions set forth in Article Four of the Indenture.]

         [If the Security is not an Original Issue Discount Security: If an
Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due
and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.]

         [If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security: If an Event of
Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be continuing,
an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due and
payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture. Such amount
shall be equal to [insert formula for determining the amount]. Upon payment (i)
of the amount of principal so declared due and payable and (ii) of interest on
any overdue principal and overdue interest (in each case to the extent that the
payment of such

                                      -12-

<PAGE>

interest shall be legally enforceable), all of the Company's obligations in
respect of the payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the
Securities of this series shall terminate.]

         The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the
amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be
affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the
consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains provisions
permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of each series, on behalf of the Holders of all
Outstanding Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company with
certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the
Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of
this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all
future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration
of transfer hereof or in exchange or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of
such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.

         No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security
or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which
is absolute and unconditional, to pay the amount of principal of (and premium,
if any, on) and interest, if any, on this Security herein provided, and at the
times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed or to
convert this Security as provided in the Indenture.

         As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein
set forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Register, upon
surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or agency
of the Company in any place where the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and
interest, if any, on this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or accompanied
by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the
Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his attorney duly authorized in
writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of this series, of authorized
denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the
designated transferee or transferees.

         The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form
without coupons in denominations of $__________ and any integral multiple
thereof. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein
set forth, Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate
principal amount of Securities of this series of different authorized
denominations as requested by the Holder surrendering the same.

         No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer
or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

         Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer,
the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat
the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all
purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company nor
the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

         All terms used in this Security that are defined in the Indenture shall
have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

                            FORM OF CONVERSION NOTICE

To:      ROBBINS & MYERS, INC.

         The undersigned owner of this Security hereby irrevocably exercises the
option to convert this Security, or portion hereof (which is $1,000 or an
integral multiple thereof) below designated, into Common Shares of Robbins &
Myers, Inc. in accordance with the terms of the Indenture referred to in this
Security, and directs that the shares issuable and deliverable upon the
conversion, together with any check in payment for fractional shares and any
Securities representing any unconverted principal amount hereof, be issued and
delivered to the registered holder hereof unless a different name has been
indicated below. If shares are to be issued in the name of a person other

                                      -13-

<PAGE>

than the undersigned, the undersigned will pay all transfer taxes payable with
respect thereto. Any amount required to be paid by the undersigned on account of
interest accompanies this Security.

Dated:

Fill in for registration of Common Shares and Securities if to be issued
otherwise than to the registered holder.

Principal Amount to be converted (in an integral multiple of $1,000, if less
than all):

$________________________

_________________________
Name

_________________________
Address

__________________________________________________________
(Please print name and address (including zip code number))

SOCIAL SECURITY
OR OTHER TAXPAYER IDENTIFYING
NUMBER __________

         Section 2.4 Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication. The
Trustee's certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following
form:

         This is one of the Securities of a series issued under the
within-mentioned Indenture.

                                                   _____________________________
                                                   as Trustee

                                                   By:__________________________
                                                      Authorized Signatory

                                   ARTICLE 3

                                 THE SECURITIES

         Section 3.1 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series. (a) The aggregate
principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued from time to time in
one or more series.

                  (b)      The following matters shall be established and
(subject to Section 3.3) set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an
Officers' Certificate and a Board Resolution of the Company or one or more
indentures supplemental hereto:

                                      -14-

<PAGE>

                  (1)      the title of the Securities of the series (which
         title shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other
         Securities);

                  (2)      any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the
         Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under
         this Indenture (which limit shall not pertain to (i) Securities
         authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in
         exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to
         Section 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 8.6, or 10.7 and (ii) any Securities that,
         pursuant to the last paragraph of Section 3.3, are deemed never to have
         been authenticated and delivered thereunder);

                  (3)      the date or dates on which the principal of the
         Securities of the series is payable or the method of determination
         thereof;

                  (4)      the rate or rates at which the Securities of the
         series shall bear interest, if any, or the method of calculating such
         rate or rates of interest, the date or dates from which such interest
         shall accrue or the method by which such date or dates shall be
         determined, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall
         be payable and the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest
         payable on any Interest Payment Date;

                  (5)      the place or places where, subject to the provisions
         of Section 9.2, the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if
         any, on Securities of the series shall be payable;

                  (6)      the period or periods within which, the price or
         prices at which, and the other terms and conditions upon which,
         Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the
         option of the Company and, if other than as provided in Section 10.3,
         the manner in which the particular Securities of such series (if less
         than all Securities of such series are to be redeemed) are to be
         selected for redemption;

                  (7)      the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or
         purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or
         analogous provisions or upon the happening of a specified event or at
         the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which,
         the price or prices at which, and the other terms and conditions upon
         which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in
         whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

                  (8)      if other than denominations of $1,000 and any
         integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the
         series shall be issuable;

                  (9)      if the amount of payments or principal of, premium,
         if any, and interest, if any, on the Securities of the series shall be
         determined with reference to an index, formula or other method, the
         index, formula or other method by which such amounts shall be
         determined;

                  (10)     if other than the principal amount thereof, the
         portion of the principal amount of such Securities of the series that
         shall be payable upon declaration of the acceleration thereof pursuant
         to Section 5.2 or the method by which such portion shall be determined;

                  (11)     if other than as provided in Section 3.7, the Person
         to whom any interest on any Security of the series shall be payable and
         the extent to which, or the manner in which (including any
         certification requirement and other terms and conditions under which),
         any interest payable on a temporary Security on an Interest Payment
         Date will be paid if other than in the manner provided in Section 3.4,
         as applicable;

                  (12)     provisions, if any, granting special rights to the
         Holders of Securities of the series upon the occurrence of such events
         as may be specified;

                  (13)     any deletions from, modifications of or additions to
         the Events of Default set forth in Section 5.1 or covenants of the
         Company set forth in Article 9 pertaining to the Securities of the
         series;

                                      -15-

<PAGE>

                  (14)     under what circumstances, if any, the Company will
         pay additional amounts on the Securities of that series held by a
         Person who is not a U.S. Person in respect of taxes or similar charges
         withheld or deducted and, if so, whether the Company will have the
         option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such additional
         amounts (and the terms of any such option);

                  (15)     the date as of which any temporary Security
         representing outstanding Securities of the series shall be dated if
         other than the date of original issuance of the first Security of the
         series to be issued;

                  (16)     the applicability, if any, to the Securities of or
         within the series of Sections 4.4 and 4.5, or such other means of
         covenant defeasance as may be specified for the Securities of such
         series;

                  (17)     if other than the Trustee, the identity of the
         Registrar and any Paying Agent;

                  (18)     any terms that may be related to warrants issued by
         the Company in connection with, or for the purchase of, Securities of
         such series, including whether and under what circumstances the
         Securities of any series may be used toward the exercise price of any
         such warrants;

                  (19)     [if applicable: any deletions from, modifications of
         or additions to the subordination provisions set forth in Article 13
         pertaining to the Securities of the series;]

                  (20)     the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the
         series will be convertible into Common Shares; and

                  (21)     any other terms of the series (which terms shall not
         be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture), including any
         terms that may be required by or advisable under United States laws or
         regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities
         of the series.

                  (c)      All Securities of any one series shall be
substantially identical except as to denomination and the rate or rates of
interest, if any, and Stated Maturity, the date from which interest, if any,
shall accrue and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to an
Officers' Certificate pursuant to this Section 3.1 or in an indenture
supplemental hereto. All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the
same time and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the
consent of the Holders, for issuances of additional Securities of such series or
for the establishment of additional terms with respect to the Securities of such
series.

                  (d)      If any of the terms of the Securities of any series
are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of such
Board Resolution shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary
of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the
Officers' Certificate setting forth, or providing the manner for determining,
the terms of the Securities of such series, and an appropriate record of any
action taken pursuant thereto in connection with the issuance of any Securities
of such series shall be delivered to the Trustee prior to the authentication and
delivery thereof. With respect to Securities of a series subject to a Periodic
Offering, such Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate may provide general
terms for Securities of such series and provide either that the specific terms
of particular Securities of such series shall be specified in a Company Order or
that such terms shall be determined by the Company, or one or more of the
Company's agents designated in an Officers' Certificate, in accordance with the
Company Order as contemplated by the third paragraph of Section 3.3.

         Section 3.2 Denominations. The Securities of each series shall be
issuable only in definitive registered form without coupons and in such
denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by Section 3.1. In the
absence of any such provisions with respect to the Securities of any series, the
Securities of such series shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any
integral multiple thereof.

         Section 3.3 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating. Securities
shall be executed on behalf of the Company by the Chairman, President or Chief
Executive Officer and attested to by the Secretary of the Company. The
signatures of such Officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile
signatures of the present or any future such authorized Officers and may be
imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities.

                                      -16-

<PAGE>

         Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals
who were at any time the proper Officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

         At any time and from time to time, the Company may deliver Securities
of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication,
together with a Company Order for the authentication and make available for
delivery such Securities, and the Trustee, in accordance with the Company Order,
shall authenticate and deliver such Securities; provided, however, that in the
case of Securities offered in a Periodic Offering, the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver such Securities from time to time in accordance with
such other procedures (including, without limitation, the receipt by the Trustee
of oral or electronic instructions from the Company or its duly authorized
agents, promptly confirmed in writing) acceptable to the Trustee as may be
specified by or pursuant to a Company Order delivered to the Trustee prior to
the time of the first authentication of Securities of such series.

         If the form or terms of the Securities of a series have been
established by or pursuant to one or more Officers' Certificates as permitted by
Sections 2.1 and 3.1, in authenticating such Securities and accepting the
additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities,
the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 315(a) through
(d) of the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an
Opinion of Counsel stating that,

                  (a)      the forms and terms of such Securities have been
         established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture, and

                  (b)      such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by
         the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any
         conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid
         and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in
         accordance with their terms, subject to customary exceptions;

provided, however, that, with respect to Securities of a series subject to a
Periodic Offering, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive such Opinion of
Counsel only once at or prior to the time of the first authentication of
Securities of such series and that the Opinion of Counsel above may state:

                  (y)      that the forms of such Securities have been, and the
         terms of such Securities (when established in accordance with such
         procedures as may be specified from time to time in a Company Order,
         all as contemplated by and in accordance with a Board Resolution or an
         Officers' Certificate pursuant to Section 3.1, as the case may be) will
         have been, established in conformity with the provisions of this
         Indenture; and

                  (z)      that such Securities, when (1) executed by the
         Company, (2) completed, authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in
         accordance with this Indenture, and (3) issued by the Company in the
         manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of
         Counsel, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the
         Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to
         customary exceptions.

         With respect to Securities of a series subject to a Periodic Offering,
the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the authorization by the Company of any
of such Securities, the form and terms thereof and the legality, validity,
binding effect and enforceability thereof, upon the Opinion of Counsel and other
documents delivered pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 3.1, as applicable, at or prior
to the time of the first authentication of Securities of such series unless and
until it has received written notification that such Opinion of Counsel or other
documents have been superseded or revoked. In connection with the authentication
and delivery of Securities of a series subject to a Periodic Offering, the
Trustee shall be entitled to assume that the Company's instructions to
authenticate and deliver such Securities do not violate any rules, regulations
or orders of any governmental agency or commission having jurisdiction over the
Company.

                                      -17-

<PAGE>

         If the form or terms of the Securities of a series have been
established by or pursuant to one or more Officers' Certificates as permitted by
Sections 2.1 and 3.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to
authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this
Indenture will adversely affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities
under this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable
to the Trustee.

         Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.1 and of the two preceding
paragraphs, if all of the Securities of any series are not to be issued at one
time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers' Certificate otherwise
required pursuant to Section 3.1 at or prior to the time of the authentication
of each Security of such series if the Officers' Certificate is delivered at or
prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the first Security of such
series to be issued.

         Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

         No Security shall be entitled to any benefits under this Indenture or
be valid or obligatory for any purpose until authenticated by the manual
signature of one of the authorized signatories of the Trustee or an
Authenticating Agent. Such signature upon any Security shall be conclusive
evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture and is entitled to the benefits of this
Indenture.

         Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company,
and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as
provided in Section 3.9, together with a written statement (which need not
comply with Section 1.2 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel)
stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the Company, for
all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall not be entitled to the benefits
of this Indenture.

         Section 3.4 Temporary Securities. Pending the preparation of definitive
Securities of any series, the Company may execute and, upon Company Order, the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver temporary Securities of such series that
are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in
any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor and form of the
definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with such appropriate
insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the Officers
executing such Securities may determine, as conclusively evidenced by their
execution of such Securities.

         If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will
cause permanent Securities of such series to be prepared without unreasonable
delay. After preparation of such permanent Securities, the temporary Securities
shall be exchangeable for such permanent Securities of like tenor upon surrender
of the temporary Securities of such series at the office or agency of the
Company pursuant to Section 9.2 in a Place of Payment for such series, without
charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more
temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of
permanent Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like
tenor. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of any series shall in all
respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as permanent
Securities of such series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by
Section 3.1.

         Section 3.5 Registration; Registration of Transfers and Exchanges. The
Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee or
in any office or agency to be maintained by the Company in accordance with
Section 9.2 in a Place of Payment a register (the "Register") in which, subject
to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide
for the registration of Securities and the registration of transfers of
Securities. The Register shall be in written form or any other form capable of
being converted into written form within a reasonable time. The Trustee is
hereby appointed "Registrar" for the purpose of registering Securities and
transfers of Securities as herein provided.

         Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of any
series at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 9.2 in a Place of
Payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or
transferees, one or more new Securities of the same series, of any authorized
denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor.

                                      -18-

<PAGE>

         At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged
for other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of
like aggregate principal amount containing identical terms and provisions, upon
surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency.

         Whenever any Securities are surrendered for exchange, the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities that the
Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

         All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or upon any
exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing
the same debt and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as the
Securities surrendered upon such registration of such transfer or exchange.

         Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or
for exchange shall (if so required by the Company, the Registrar or the Trustee)
be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to those of the Company, the Registrar and the Trustee requiring
such written instrument of transfer duly executed by the Holder thereof or his
attorney duly authorized in writing.

         No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or for
any exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in
connection with any registration, transfer or exchange of Securities, other than
exchanges pursuant to Section 3.4, 3.6 or 10.7 not involving any transfer.

         The Company shall not be required to (i) issue, register the transfer
of, or exchange any Securities for a period beginning at the opening of business
15 days before any selection for redemption of Securities of like tenor and of
the series of which such Security is a part and ending at the close of business
on the earliest date on which the relevant notice of redemption is deemed to
have been given to all Holders of Securities of like tenor and of such series to
be redeemed or (ii) register the transfer of or exchange of any Security so
selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of
any Security being redeemed in part.

         Each Holder agrees to indemnify the Company and the Trustee against any
liability that may result from the transfer, exchange or assignment of such
Holder's Security in violation of any provision of this Indenture and/or
applicable United States federal or state securities law.

         Section 3.6 Replacement Securities. If a mutilated Security is
surrendered to the Trustee, together with, in proper cases, such security or
indemnity as may be required by the Company or the Trustee to save each of them
harmless, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver a replacement Security of the same series and date of maturity, if the
Trustee's requirements are met.

         If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence
to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii)
such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and
any agency of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the
Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a replacement
Security of the same series and principal amount, containing identical terms and
provisions and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

         In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has
become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

         Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company
may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee connected therewith).

         Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in
lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security, shall constitute an original
additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed,

                                      -19-

<PAGE>

lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by any Person, and
shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued
hereunder.

         The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

         Section 3.7 Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved. Unless
otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1, interest, if any, on any
Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any
Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business
on the Regular Record Date for such interest at the office or agency maintained
for such purpose pursuant to Section 9.2; provided, however, that, at the option
of the Company, interest on any series of Securities that bear interest may be
paid (i) by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as it
shall appear on the Register of Securities of such series or (ii) to the extent
specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, by wire transfer to an account
maintained by the Person entitled thereto as specified in the Register of
Securities of such series.

         Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1, any interest
on any Security of any series that is payable, but is not punctually paid or
duly provided for, on any interest payment date (herein called "Defaulted
Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant
Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted
Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided
in clause (a) or (b) below:

                  (a)      The Company may elect to make payment of any
         Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such
         series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at
         the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such
         Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The
         Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the
         aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted
         Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for
         such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when
         deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
         to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause (a) provided. Thereupon
         the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such
         Defaulted Interest that shall be not more than 15 days and not less
         than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less
         than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the
         proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such
         Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company,
         shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest
         and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage
         prepaid, to each Holder of Securities of such series at the Holder's
         address as it appears in the Register, not less than 10 days prior to
         such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such
         Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so
         mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose
         names the Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor
         Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special
         Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following
         clause (b).

                  (b)      The Company may make payment of any Defaulted
         Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series
         (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the
         close of business on a specified date in any other lawful manner not
         inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which
         such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required
         by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee
         of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause (b), such manner of
         payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

         Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 3.5,
each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or
in exchange for or in lieu of, any other Security shall carry the rights to
interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other
Security.

         In the case of any Security that is converted into Common Shares after
any Regular Record Date and on or prior to the next succeeding Interest Payment
Date (other than any Security the Maturity of which is prior to such Interest
Payment Date), if the Stated Maturity is on such Interest Payment Date, the
interest shall be payable on such

                                      -20-

<PAGE>

Interest Payment Date notwithstanding such conversion, and such interest
(whether or not punctually paid or duly provided for) shall be paid to the
Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is
registered at the close of business on such Regular Record Date. Except as
otherwise expressly provided in the immediately preceding sentence, in the case
of any Security that is converted into Common Shares, the interest thereon shall
not be payable if the Stated Maturity is after the date of conversion of such
Security.

         Section 3.8 Persons Deemed Owners. Prior to due presentment of any
Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of
the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Security is
registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of
principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 3.7) interest on such
Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be
overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the
Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

         Section 3.9 Cancellation. The Company at any time may deliver
Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and any Paying Agent
shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for replacement,
for registration of transfer, or for exchange, conversion, payment, redemption
or cancellation. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for
replacement, for registration of transfer, or for exchange, conversion, payment,
redemption or cancellation and may dispose of cancelled Securities and issue a
certificate of destruction to the Company. The Company may not issue new
Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation, except as expressly permitted in the terms of Securities for
any particular series or as permitted pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.

         Section 3.10 Computation of Interest. Except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 3.1 (i) interest on any Securities that bear interest at
a fixed rate shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of 12
months of 30 days each and (ii) interest on any Securities that bear interest at
a variable rate shall be computed on the basis of the actual number of days in
an interest period divided by 360.

         Section 3.11 CUSIP Numbers. The Company in issuing the Securities may
use "CUSIP" numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall
indicate the "CUSIP" numbers of the Securities in notices of redemption as a
convenience to Holders; provided, however, that any such notice may state that
no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as
printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that
reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the
Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or
omission of such numbers.

                                   ARTICLE 4

                 SATISFACTION, DISCHARGE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

         Section 4.1 Termination of Company's Obligations Under the Indenture.
Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1, this Indenture
shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect with respect to
Securities of or within any series (except as to any surviving rights of
registration of transfer or exchange of such Securities and replacement of such
Securities that may have been lost, stolen or mutilated as herein expressly
provided for) and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute
proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
with respect to such Securities when:

                  (a)      either

                           (1)      all such Securities previously authenticated
                  and delivered (other than (i) such Securities that have been
                  lost, stolen or mutilated and that have been replaced or paid
                  as provided in Section 3.6, and (ii) such Securities for whose
                  payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or
                  segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter
                  repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as
                  provided in Section 9.3) have been delivered to the Trustee
                  for cancellation; or

                                      -21-

<PAGE>

                           (2)      all Securities of such series not
                  theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

                                    (i)      have become due and payable, or

                                    (ii)     will become due and payable at
                           their Stated Maturity within one year, or

                                    (iii)    if redeemable at the option of the
                           Company, are to be called for redemption within one
                           year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
                           for giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in
                           the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has irrevocably
deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for
that purpose an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness
on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation,
for principal, premium, if any, and interest, with respect thereto, to the date
of such deposit (in the case of Securities that have become due and payable) or
to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be;

                  (b)      the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other
         sums payable hereunder by the Company; and

                  (c)      the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
         precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and
         discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been complied with.

         Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the
obligation of the Company to the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under
Section 6.9, the obligations of the Company to any Authenticating Agent under
Section 6.14 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant
to subclause (2) of clause (a) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee
under Section 4.2 and the last paragraph of Section 9.3 shall survive.

         Section 4.2 Application of Trust Funds. Subject to the provisions of
the last paragraph of Section 9.3, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant
to Section 4.1 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the
provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly
or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying
Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the
principal, premium, if any, and any interest for whose payment such money has
been deposited with or received by the Trustee, but such money need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. All moneys
deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.1 (and held by it or any Paying
Agent) for the payment of Securities subsequently converted into Common Shares
shall be returned to the Company upon Company Request.

         Section 4.3 Applicability of Defeasance Provisions; Company's Option to
Effect Covenant Defeasance. If pursuant to Section 3.1 provision is made for
covenant defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under Section 4.4,
then the provisions of such Section, together with the provisions of Sections
4.5 through 4.7 inclusive, with such modifications thereto as may be specified
pursuant to Section 3.1 with respect to any Securities, shall be applicable to
such Securities, and the Company may at its option by Board Resolution, at any
time, with respect to such Securities, elect to have Section 4.4 (if applicable)
be applied to such Outstanding Securities upon compliance with the conditions
set forth below in this Article.

         Section 4.4 Covenant Defeasance. Upon the Company's exercise of the
option specified in Section 4.3 applicable to this Section with respect to any
Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be released from its
obligations under Article 7 and Sections 9.4 through 9.8, and, if specified
pursuant to Section 3.1, its obligations under any other covenants, with respect
to such Securities on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 4.5
are satisfied (hereinafter, "covenant defeasance"), and such Securities shall
thereafter be deemed to be not "Outstanding" for the purposes of any direction,
waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the consequences of any
thereof) in connection with Article 7 and Sections 9.4 through 9.8, or such
other covenants, but

                                      -22-

<PAGE>

shall continue to be deemed "Outstanding" for all other purposes hereunder. For
this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect to such
Securities, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in
respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such Section or
such other covenants, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference
elsewhere herein to any such Section or such other covenants or by reason of
reference in any such Section or such other covenants to any other provision
herein or in any other document, and such omission to comply shall not
constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 5.1(c) or 5.1(g) or
otherwise, as the case may be, but, except as specified above, the remainder of
this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

         Section 4.5 Conditions to Covenant Defeasance. The following shall be
the conditions to application of Section 4.4 to any Securities of or within a
series:

                  (a)      The Company shall have deposited or caused to be
         deposited irrevocably with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying
         the requirements of Section 6.11 who shall agree to comply with, and
         shall be entitled to the benefits of, the provisions of Sections 4.3
         through 4.7 inclusive and the last paragraph of Section 9.3 applicable
         to the Trustee, for purposes of such Sections also a "Trustee") as
         trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the payments referred to
         in clauses (y) and (z) of this Section 4.5(a), specifically pledged as
         security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of
         such Securities, with instructions to the Trustee as to the application
         thereof, (i) money in an amount, or (ii) if Securities of such series
         are not subject to repayment at the option of Holders, Government
         Obligations that through the payment of interest and principal in
         respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later
         than one day before the due date of any payment referred to in clause
         (y) or (z) of this Section 4.5(a), money in an amount, or (iii) a
         combination thereof in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge, and
         which shall be applied by the Trustee to pay and discharge, (y) the
         principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on such Securities
         on the Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or
         interest and (z) any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to such
         Securities on the day on which such payments are due and payable in
         accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such Securities. Before
         such a deposit the Company may make arrangements satisfactory to the
         Trustee for the redemption of Securities at a future date or dates in
         accordance with Article 10 that shall be given effect in applying the
         foregoing.

                  (b)      Such covenant defeasance shall not result in a breach
         or violation of, or constitute a Default or Event of Default under,
         this Indenture or result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a
         default under, any other material agreement or instrument to which the
         Company is a party or by which it is bound.

                  (c)      No Default or Event of Default under Section 5.1(e)
         or 5.1(f) with respect to such Securities shall have occurred and be
         continuing during the period commencing on the date of such deposit and
         ending on the 91st day after such date (it being understood that this
         condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such
         period).

                  (d)      In the case of an election under Section 4.4, the
         Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to
         the effect that the Holders of such Securities will not recognize
         income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of
         such covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on
         the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would
         have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred.

                  (e)      The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
         conditions precedent to the covenant defeasance under Section 4.4 have
         been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that either
         (i) as a result of a deposit pursuant to subsection (a) above and the
         related exercise of the Company's option under Section 4.4,
         registration is not required under the Investment Company Act of 1940,
         as amended, by the Company, with respect to the trust funds
         representing such deposit or by the Trustee for such trust funds or
         (ii) all necessary registrations under said act have been effected.

                                      -23-

<PAGE>

                  (f)      Such covenant defeasance shall be effected in
         compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or
         limitations that may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith
         as contemplated by Section 3.1.

         Section 4.6 Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in
Trust. Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 9.3, all money
and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant to
Section 3.1) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Section 4.5(a) in respect of any Securities of any series shall be
held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of
such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through
any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the
Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities of all sums due and to
become due thereon in respect of principal, premium, if any, and interest, if
any, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent
required by law.

         Section 4.7 Transfers and Distribution at Company Request. To the
extent permitted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 76, as amended or interpreted by the
Financial Accounting Standards Board from time to time, or any successor thereto
("Standard No. 76"), or to the extent permitted by the Commission, the Trustee
shall, from time to time, take one or more of the following actions as specified
in a Company Request:

                  (a)      Retransfer, reassign and deliver to the Company any
         securities deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.5(a),
         provided that the Company shall, in substitution therefor,
         simultaneously transfer, assign and deliver to the Trustee other
         Government Obligations appropriate to satisfy the Company's obligations
         in respect of the relevant Securities; and

                  (b)      The Trustee (and any Paying Agent) shall promptly pay
         to the Company upon Company Request any excess money or securities held
         by it at any time, including, without limitation, any assets deposited
         with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.5(a) exceeding those necessary
         for the purposes of Section 4.5(a).

         The Trustee shall not take the actions described in subsections (a) and
(b) of this Section 4.7 unless it shall have first received a written report of
a nationally recognized independent public accounting firm, (i) expressing its
opinion that the contemplated action is permitted by Standard No. 76 or the
Commission for transactions accounted for as extinguishment of debt under the
circumstances described in paragraph 3.c of Standard No. 76 or any successor
provision and (ii) verifying the accuracy, after giving effect to such action or
actions, of the computations that demonstrate that the amounts remaining to be
earned on the Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to
Section 4.5(a) will be sufficient for purposes of Section 4.5(a).

                                   ARTICLE 5

                              DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES

         Section 5.1 Events of Default. An "Event of Default" occurs with
respect to the Securities of any series if (whatever the reason for such Event
of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by
operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or
any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body):

                  (a)      the Company defaults in the payment of interest on
         any Security of that series or any additional amount payable with
         respect to any Security of that series as specified pursuant to Section
         3.1(b)(14) when the same becomes due and payable and such default
         continues for a period of 30 days;

                  (b)      the Company defaults in the payment of the principal
         of or any premium on any Security of that series when the same becomes
         due and payable at its Maturity or on redemption or otherwise, or in

                                      -24-

<PAGE>

         the payment of a mandatory sinking fund payment when and as due by the
         terms of the Securities of that series, and in each case such default
         continues for a period of 10 days;

                  (c)      the Company defaults in the performance of, or
         breaches, any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture
         with respect to any Security of that series (other than a covenant or
         warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in
         this Section specifically dealt with), and such default or breach
         continues for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by
         registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the
         Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal
         amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series, a written notice
         specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and
         stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder;

                  (d)      the Company defaults under the terms of any agreement
         or instrument evidencing or under which the Company has at the date of
         this Indenture or hereafter outstanding any indebtedness for borrowed
         money and such indebtedness shall be accelerated so that the same shall
         be or become due and payable prior to the date on which the same would
         otherwise become due and payable and the aggregate principal amount
         thereof so accelerated exceeds $10 million and such acceleration is not
         rescinded or annulled within 10 days after there has been given, by
         registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the
         Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate
         principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series a written
         notice specifying such default and stating that such notice is a
         "Notice of Default" hereunder (it being understood, however, that,
         subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall not be
         deemed to have knowledge of such default under such agreement or
         instrument unless either (i) a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall
         have actual knowledge of such default or (ii) a Responsible Officer of
         the Trustee shall have received written notice thereof from the
         Company, from any Holder, from the holder of any such indebtedness or
         from the trustee under any such agreement or other instrument);
         provided, however, that if such default under such agreement or
         instrument is remedied or cured by the Company or waived by the holders
         of such indebtedness, then the Event of Default hereunder by reason
         thereof shall be deemed likewise to have been thereupon remedied, cured
         or waived without further action upon the part of either the Trustee or
         any of such Holders;

                  (e)      the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any
         Bankruptcy Law (as defined below) (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii)
         consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an
         involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian (as
         defined below) of it or for all or substantially all of its property,
         or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors;

                  (f)      a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or
         decree under any Bankruptcy Law (as defined below) that (i) is for
         relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a
         Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its
         property, or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order
         or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 consecutive days; or

                  (g)      any other Event of Default provided as contemplated
         by Section 3.1 with respect to Securities of that series.

         The term "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11, U.S. Code, as amended from
time to time, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. The
term "Custodian" means any custodian, receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or
other similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

         Section 5.2 Acceleration, Rescission and Annulment. If an Event of
Default with respect to the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding
occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in
aggregate principal amount of all of the outstanding Securities of that series,
by written notice to the Company (and, if given by the Holders, to the Trustee),
may declare the principal (or, if the Securities of that series are Original
Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal
amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of all the Securities of
that series to be due and payable and upon any such declaration such principal
(or, in the case of original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities,
such specified amount) shall be immediately due and payable.

                                      -25-

<PAGE>

         At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter
provided in this Article, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if all
existing Defaults and Events of Default with respect to Securities of that
series, other than the nonpayment of the principal of Securities of that series
that has become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured
or waived as provided in Section 5.7. No such rescission shall affect any
subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

         Section 5.3 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by
Trustee. The Company covenants that if

                  (a)      default is made in the payment of any interest on any
         Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default
         continues for a period of 90 days, or

                  (b)      default is made in the payment of the principal of
         (or premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof and such
         default continues for a period of 10 days,

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the
Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such
Securities for principal, premium, if any, and interest and, to the extent that
payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue
principal, premium, if any, and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates
prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further
amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection,
including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of
the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

         If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs
and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and
enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by
such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual
to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of
any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any
power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

         Section 5.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. The Trustee may file such
proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable
in order to have the claims of the Trustee and the Holders allowed in any
judicial proceedings relating to the Company, its creditors or its property.

         Section 5.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of
Securities. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the
Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession
of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating
thereto.

         Section 5.6 Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission by the
Trustee or any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing
upon an Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a
waiver of or acquiescence in any such Event of Default.

         Section 5.7 Waiver of Past Defaults. The Holders of a majority in
aggregate principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any series by notice to
the Trustee may waive on behalf of the Holders of all Securities of such series
a past Default or Event of Default with respect to that series and its
consequences except (i) a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the
principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Security of such series or
(ii) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof that pursuant to Section 8.2
cannot be amended or modified without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security of such series adversely affected. Upon any such waiver,
such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom
shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture.

         Section 5.8 Control by Majority. The Holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected (with
each such series voting as a class) shall have the right to direct the time,
method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the
Trustee or exercising any

                                      -26-

<PAGE>

trust or power conferred on it with respect to Securities of that series;
provided, however, that (i) the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that
conflicts with law or this Indenture, (ii) the Trustee may refuse to follow any
direction that is unduly prejudicial to the rights of the Holders of Securities
of such series not consenting, or that would in the good-faith judgment of the
Trustee have a substantial likelihood of involving the Trustee in personal
liability, and (iii) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the
Trustee that is not inconsistent with such direction.

         Section 5.9 Limitation on Suits by Holders. No Holder of any Security
of any series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or
otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver
or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless:

                  (a)      the Holder has previously given written notice to the
         Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities
         of that series;

                  (b)      the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal
         amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series have made a written
         request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such
         Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

                  (c)      such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee
         indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or
         expense to be, or which may be, incurred by the Trustee in pursuing the
         remedy;

                  (d)      the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such
         notice, request and the offer of indemnity has failed to institute any
         such proceedings; and

                  (e)      during such 60-day period, the Holders of a majority
         in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
         series have not given to the Trustee a direction inconsistent with such
         written request.

         No one or more Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by
virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb
or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to
obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any
right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the
equal and ratable benefit of all of such Holders.

         Section 5.10 Rights of Holders to Receive Payment. Notwithstanding any
other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Security to
receive payment of principal of, premium, if any, and, subject to Section 3.7,
interest on the Security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in the
Security (or, in case of redemption, on the Redemption Dates) and to convert
such Security in accordance with Article 12 and, subject to Section 5.9, to
bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment and right to convert on or
after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the
consent of such Holder.

         Section 5.11 Application of Money Collected. If the Trustee collects
any money pursuant to this Article, it shall pay out the money in the following
order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the
distribution of such money on account of principal, premium, if any, or
interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the
payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

         First: to the Trustee for amounts due under Section 6.9;

         Second: to Holders of Securities in respect of which or for the benefit
of which such money has been collected for amounts due and unpaid on such
Securities for principal of, premium, if any, and interest, ratably, without
preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on
such Securities for principal, premium, if any, and interest, respectively; and

         Third: to the Company.

                                      -27-

<PAGE>

         Section 5.12 Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any
Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this
Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason,
or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in
every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company,
the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored respectively to their former
positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and
the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

         Section 5.13 Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise
provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 3.6, no right or
remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or the Holders is
intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and
remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to
every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law
or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy
hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or
employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

                                    ARTICLE 6

                                   THE TRUSTEE

         Section 6.1 Certain Duties and Responsibilities. (a) Except during the
continuance of an Event of Default,

                  (1)      the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and
         only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and
         no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture
         against the Trustee; and

                  (2)      in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee
         may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the
         correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or
         opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of
         this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions
         that by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished
         to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same
         to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this
         Indenture.

                  (b)      In case an Event of Default has occurred and is
continuing with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall
exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture with
respect to the Securities of such series, and use the same degree of care and
skill in their exercise as a prudent Person would exercise or use under the
circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.

                  (c)      No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to
relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own
negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:

                  (1)      this subsection shall not be construed to limit the
         effect of subsection (a) of this Section;

                  (2)      the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of
         judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it shall
         be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent
         facts; and

                  (3)      the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any
         action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance
         with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of
         the Outstanding Securities of any series relating to the time, method
         and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the
         Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee,
         under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series.

                                      -28-

<PAGE>

                  (d)      Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every
provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability
of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of
this Section.

         Section 6.2 Rights of Trustee. Subject to the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act:

                  (a)      The Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting
         or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
         instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent,
         order, bond, debenture, note or other paper or document believed by it
         to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party
         or parties.

                  (b)      Any request or direction of the Company mentioned
         herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company
         Order (other than delivery of any Security to the Trustee for
         authentication and delivery pursuant to Section 3.3, which shall be
         sufficiently evidenced as provided therein) and any resolution of the
         Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution.

                  (c)      Whenever in the administration of this Indenture the
         Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established
         prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the
         Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may,
         in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers'
         Certificate.

                  (d)      The Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection
         and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall
         be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any
         action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in
         reliance thereon.

                  (e)      The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise
         any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the
         request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture,
         unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable
         security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that
         might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.

                  (f)      The Trustee shall not be bound to make any
         investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution,
         certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request,
         direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note or other paper or
         document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further
         inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit,
         and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or
         investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and
         premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney.

                  (g)      The Trustee may act through agents or attorneys and
         shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent
         or attorney appointed with due care.

                  (h)      The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it
         takes or omits to take in good faith that it believes to be authorized
         or within its rights or powers.

                  (i)      The Trustee shall not be required to expend or risk
         its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the
         performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of its
         rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing
         that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or
         liability is not reasonably assured to it.

         Section 6.3 Trustee May Hold Securities. The Trustee, any Paying Agent,
any Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other
capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections
310(b) and 311 of the Trust Indenture Act, may otherwise deal with the Company
or an Affiliate or Subsidiary of the Company with the same rights it would have
if it were not Trustee, Paying Agent, Registrar or such other agent.

                                      -29-

<PAGE>

         Section 6.4 Money Held in Trust. Money held by the Trustee in trust
hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required
by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money
received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Company.

         Section 6.5 Trustee's Disclaimer. The recitals contained herein and in
the Securities, except the Trustee's certificate of authentication, shall be
taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no
responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representation as to
the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities. The Trustee shall
not be accountable for the Company's use of the proceeds from the Securities or
for monies paid over to the Company pursuant to the Indenture.

         Section 6.6 Notice of Defaults. If a Default occurs and is continuing
with respect to the Securities of any series and if it is known to the Trustee,
the Trustee shall, within 90 days after it occurs, transmit, in the manner and
to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, notice of
all uncured Defaults known to it; provided, however, that, except in the case of
a Default in payment on the Securities of any series, the Trustee may withhold
the notice if and so long as its board of directors or the executive committee
thereof or a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that
withholding such notice is in the interests of Holders of the Securities of that
series; provided further that, in the case of any default or breach of the
character specified in Section 5.1(c) with respect to the Securities of such
series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 60 days after
the occurrence thereof.

         Section 6.7 Reports by Trustee to Holders. Within 60 days after each
May 15 of each year commencing with the first May 15 after the first issuance of
Securities pursuant to this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all
Holders of Securities as provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act a
brief report dated as of such May 15 if required by Section 313(a) of the Trust
Indenture Act. The Trustee also shall comply with Section 313(b) and (d) of the
Trust Indenture Act.

         Section 6.8 Securityholder Lists. The Trustee shall preserve in as
current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it
of the names and addresses of Holders of Securities of each series. If the
Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee
semiannually on or before the last day of June and December in each year, and at
such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list, in such form and
as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, containing all the
information in the possession of the Registrar, the Company or any of its Paying
Agents other than the Trustee as to the names and addresses of Holders of
Securities of each such series.

         Section 6.9 Compensation and Indemnity. (a) The Company shall pay to
the Trustee from time to time such compensation as shall be agreed between the
Company and the Trustee for all services rendered by it hereunder. The Trustee's
compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an
express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all
reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it in connection with the
performance of its duties under this Indenture, except any such expense as may
be attributable to its negligence or bad faith. Such expenses shall include the
reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee's agents and counsel.

                  (b)      The Company shall indemnify the Trustee for, and hold
         it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred by it
         without negligence or bad faith on its part arising out of or in
         connection with its acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts
         hereunder. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim
         for which it may seek indemnity. The Company shall defend the claim and
         the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have
         separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and
         expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement
         made without its consent.

                  (c)      The Company need not reimburse any expense or
         indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee through
         negligence or bad faith.

                                      -30-

<PAGE>

                  (d)      To secure the payment obligations of the Company
         pursuant to this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the
         Securities of any series on all money or property held or collected by
         the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal, premium, if
         any, and interest on particular Securities.

                  (e)      When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services
         in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(e) or
         Section 5.1(f), the expenses (including the reasonable charges and
         expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for the services are
         intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable
         Bankruptcy Law or other similar law.

                  (f)      The provisions of this Section shall survive the
         termination of this Indenture.

         Section 6.10 Replacement of Trustee. (a) The resignation or removal of
the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective
only upon the successor Trustee's acceptance of appointment as provided in
Section 6.11.

                  (b)      The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to
the Securities of any series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If
the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.11
shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of
such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of
competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of such series.

                  (c)      The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal
         amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may remove the
         Trustee with respect to that series by so notifying the Trustee and the
         Company, and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the
         Company's consent.

                  (d)      If at any time:

                           (1)      the Trustee fails to comply with Section
                  310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act after written request
                  therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona
                  fide Holder of a Security for at least 180 days; or

                           (2)      the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under
                  Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act and shall fail to
                  resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any
                  Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a
                  Security for at least 180 days; or

                           (3)      the Trustee becomes incapable of acting, is
                  adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or a receiver or public
                  officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property or affairs
                  for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or
                  liquidation,

then, in any such case, (i) the Company by or pursuant to a Board Resolution may
remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (ii) subject to Section
315(e) of the Trust Indenture Act, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of
a Security for at least 180 days may, on behalf of himself and all others
similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal
of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and the appointment of a successor
Trustee or Trustees.

                  (e)      If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy
         exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, with respect to
         Securities of one or more series, the Company, by or pursuant to Board
         Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee with respect to
         the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any
         such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities
         of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall
         be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular
         series) and shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section
         6.11. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or
         incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee
         with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act
         of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
         Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring
         Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its
         acceptance of such appointment in accordance with

                                      -31-

<PAGE>

         the applicable requirements of Section 6.11, become the successor
         Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that
         extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no
         successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall
         have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted
         appointment in the manner required by Section 6.11, any Holder who has
         been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least 180
         days may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated,
         petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a
         successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

         Section 6.11 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. (a) In case of the
appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities,
every such successor Trustee shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the
Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment.
Thereupon, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become
effective, and the successor Trustee, without further act, deed or conveyance,
shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of the retiring
Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such
retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an
instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and
trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to
such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee
hereunder.

                  (b)      In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the
Company, the retiring Trustee and such successor Trustee shall execute and
deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein such successor Trustee shall
accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain such provisions as shall be
necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, such
successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring
Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the
appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (ii) if the retiring Trustee is
not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as
shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue
to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of
the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or
facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee,
it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall
constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such
Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from
any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and upon
the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or
removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided
therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of
the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those
series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

                  (c)      Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the
Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly
vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and
trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

                  (d)      No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment
unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified
and eligible under the Trust Indenture Act.

                  (e)      The Company shall give notice of each resignation and
each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and
each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any
series in the manner provided for notices to the Holders of Securities in
Section 1.6. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with
respect to the securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust
office.

         Section 6.12 Eligibility; Disqualification. There shall at all times be
a Trustee hereunder that shall be eligible to act as Trustee under Section
310(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act and shall have a combined capital and
surplus of at least $50 million. If such corporation publishes reports of
condition at least annually, pursuant to law

                                      -32-

<PAGE>

or the requirements of federal, state, territorial or District of Columbia
supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the
combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its
combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition
so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in
the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

         Section 6.13 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to
Business. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or
with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such
corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger,
conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect
as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

         Section 6.14 Appointment of Authenticating Agent. The Trustee may
appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series of
Securities that shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to
authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original issue, exchange,
registration of transfer, partial conversion or partial redemption thereof, and
Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture
and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the
Trustee hereunder. Any such appointment shall be evidenced by an instrument in
writing signed by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, a copy of which
instrument shall be promptly furnished to the Company. Wherever reference is
made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the
Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be
deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of
the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and, except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to
Section 3.1, shall at all times be a bank or trust company or corporation
organized and doing business and in good standing under the laws of the United
States of America or of any State or the District of Columbia, authorized under
such laws to act as Authenticating Agent, having a combined capital and surplus
of not less than $10 million and subject to supervision or examination by
federal or state authorities. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of
condition at least annually, pursuant to law or the requirements of the
aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then, for the purposes of this
Section, the combined capital and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be
deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent
report of condition so published. In case at any time an Authenticating Agent
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section,
such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the
effect specified in this Section.

         Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or
corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an
Authenticating Agent, provided that such corporation shall be otherwise eligible
under this Section without the execution or filing of any paper or further act
on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

         An Authenticating Agent for any series of Securities may at any time
resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee for such series
and to the Company. The Trustee for any series of Securities may at any time
terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of
termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such
a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee for such series may appoint a successor
Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give
notice of such appointment to all the Holders of Securities of the series with
respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve in the manner set forth in
Section 1.6. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its
appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties
of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an
Authenticating Agent herein. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be
appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

                                      -33-

<PAGE>

         The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to
time reasonable compensation, including reimbursement of its reasonable expenses
for its services under this Section.

         If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant
to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in
addition to or in lieu of the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an
alternate certificate of authentication substantially in the following form:

         This is one of the Securities of a series issued under the
within-mentioned Indenture.

                                       _________________________________________
                                       as Trustee

                                       By:______________________________________
                                          As Authenticating Agent

                                       By:______________________________________
                                          Authorized Officer

         Section 6.15 Trustee's Application for Instructions From the Company.
Any application by the Trustee for written instructions from the Company may, at
the option of the Trustee, set forth in writing any action proposed to be taken
or omitted by the Trustee under this Indenture and the date on and/or after
which such action shall be taken or such omission shall be effective. The
Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken by, or omission of, the Trustee
in accordance with a proposal included in such application on or after the date
specified in such application (which date shall not be less than 15 Business
Days after the date any Officer of the Company actually receives such
application, unless any such Officer shall have consented in writing to any
earlier date) unless prior to taking any such action (or the effective date in
the case of an omission), the Trustee shall have received written instructions
in response to such application specifying the action to be taken or omitted.

                                   ARTICLE 7

                  CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE BY THE COMPANY

         The Company may merge or consolidate with or into any other corporation
or sell, convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially
all of its assets to any person, firm or corporation, if (i)(A) in the case of a
merger or consolidation, the Company is the surviving corporation or (B) in the
case of a merger or consolidation where the Company is not the surviving
corporation and in the case of any such sale, conveyance or other disposition,
the successor or acquiring corporation is a corporation organized and existing
under the laws of the United States or a state thereof and such corporation
expressly assumes by supplemental indenture all of the obligations of the
Company under the Securities and under this Indenture and shall have provided
for conversion rights in accordance with Section 12.11, (ii) immediately
thereafter, giving effect to such merger or consolidation, or such sale,
conveyance, transfer or other disposition, no Default or Event of Default shall
have occurred and be continuing, and (iii) the Company has delivered to the
Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel each stating that
such merger or consolidation, or such sale, conveyance, transfer or other
disposition, complies with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein
provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with. In the event
of the assumption by a successor corporation of the obligations of the Company
as provided in clause (i)(B) of the immediately preceding sentence, such
successor corporation shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company
hereunder and under the Securities and all such obligations of the Company shall
terminate.

                                      -34-

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE 8

                     AMENDMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

         Section 8.1 Amendments and Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of
Holders. Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a
Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter
into amendments or indentures supplemental hereto, in form reasonably
satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

                  (a)      to evidence the succession of another corporation to
         the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants
         of the Company herein and in the Securities;

                  (b)      to add to the covenants of the Company for the
         benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such
         covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of
         Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included
         solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or
         power herein conferred upon the Company;

                  (c)      to add any additional Events of Default with respect
         to all or any series of Securities;

                  (d)      to add to or change any of the provisions of this
         Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to facilitate the
         issuance of Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable
         as to principal, and with or without interest coupons, or to facilitate
         the issuance of Securities in global form;

                  (e)      to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions
         of this Indenture, provided that any such addition, change or
         elimination shall become effective only when there is no Security
         Outstanding of any series created prior to the execution of such
         amendment or supplemental indenture that is entitled to the benefit of
         such provision;

                  (f)      to secure the Securities;

                  (g)      to establish the form or terms of Securities of any
         series as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1;

                  (h)      to evidence and provide for the acceptance of
         appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the
         provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or
         facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one
         Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Sections 6.10 and 6.11;

                  (i)      to make provision with respect to the conversion
         rights of Holders pursuant to the requirements of Section 12.11; or

                  (j)      to correct or supplement any provision herein that
         may be inconsistent with any other provision herein or to make any
         other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under
         this Indenture, provided such action shall not adversely affect the
         interests of the Holders of Securities of any series in any material
         respect, or to cure any ambiguity or correct any mistake.

         Section 8.2 With Consent of Holders. With the written consent of the
Holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of all series adversely affected by such amendment or supplemental
indenture (with all such affected series acting together as a single class), the
Company and the Trustee may enter into an amendment or indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto to add any provisions to or to change or eliminate any
provisions of this Indenture or of any other indenture supplemental hereto or to
modify the rights of the Holders of Securities of each such series; provided,
however, that without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security
affected thereby, an amendment or supplemental indenture under this Section may
not:

                                      -35-

<PAGE>

                  (a)      change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or
         any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce
         the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any
         premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of
         the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due
         and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof
         pursuant to Section 5.2, or change the coin or currency in which any
         Securities or any premium or the interest thereon is payable, or impair
         the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on
         or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on
         or after the Redemption Date), or adversely affect the right to convert
         any Security into Common Shares as provided in Article 12 (except as
         permitted by Section 8.1(i)) [if applicable: or modify the provisions
         of this Indenture with respect to the subordination of the Securities
         in a manner adverse to the Holders];

                  (b)      reduce the percentage in principal amount of the
         Outstanding Securities of any series the consent of whose Holders is
         required for any such amendment or supplemental indenture, or the
         consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with
         certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and
         their consequences) provided for in this Indenture;

                  (c)      change any obligation of the Company to maintain an
         office or agency in the places and for the purposes specified in
         Section 9.2; or

                  (d)      make any change in Section 5.7 or this Section 8.2
         except to increase any percentage or to provide that certain other
         provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived with the
         consent of the Holders of each Outstanding Security affected thereby.

         An amendment or supplemental indenture that changes or eliminates any
covenant or other provision of this Indenture that has expressly been included
solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or that
modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to
such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under
this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

         It is not necessary under this Section 8.2 for the Holders to consent
to the particular form of any proposed amendment or supplemental indenture, but
it is sufficient if they consent to the substance thereof.

         Section 8.3 Compliance With Trust Indenture Act. Every amendment and
supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall comply with the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

         Section 8.4 Execution of Amendments and Supplemental Indentures. In
executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any amendment or
supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modification thereby of
the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that
the execution of such amendment or supplemental indenture is authorized or
permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to,
enter into any such amendment or supplemental indenture that affects the
Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

         Section 8.5 Effect of Amendments and Supplemental Indentures. Upon the
execution of any amendment or supplemental indenture under this Article, this
Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such amendment or
supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes and
every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered
hereunder shall be bound thereby.

         Section 8.6 Reference in Securities to Amendments and Supplemental
Indentures. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any amendment or supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article
may, and shall, if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by
the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such amendment or supplemental
indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so
modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any
such amendment or supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the
Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for
Outstanding Securities.

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<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE 9

                                    COVENANTS

         Section 9.1 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest. The Company
covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each series of Securities
that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of, premium, if any, and
interest, if any, on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms
of the Securities of such series and this Indenture. An installment of principal
or interest shall be considered paid on the date it is due if the Trustee or
Paying Agent holds on that date money designated for and sufficient to pay the
installment.

         Section 9.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Company will maintain
in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an office or agency where
Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where
Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or
exchange, where Securities may be surrendered for conversion into Common Shares
and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the
Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. The Company will
give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the
location, of any such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to
maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee
with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands
may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the
Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such
presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

         The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other
offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented
or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind
such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission
shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office
or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such
purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such
designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other
office or agency.

         Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, the Trustee
shall initially serve as Paying Agent.

         Section 9.3 Money for Securities to Be Held in Trust; Unclaimed Money.
If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any
series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of,
premium, if any, or interest, if any, on any of the Securities of that series,
segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a
sum sufficient to pay the principal, premium, if any, or interest, if any, so
becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed
of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee in writing of its
action or failure so to act.

         The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities
other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in
which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section, that such Paying Agent will:

                  (a)      hold all sums held by it for the payment of the
         principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on Securities of
         that series in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto
         until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of
         as herein provided;

                  (b)      give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company
         (or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making
         of any payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on
         the Securities; and

                  (c)      at any time during the continuance of any such
         default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the
         Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

         The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in

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<PAGE>

trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or
such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee,
such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to
such money.

         Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held
by the Company, in trust for the payment of any principal, premium or interest
on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years after such
principal, premium, if any, or interest has become due and payable shall be paid
to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be
discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as
an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and
all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust
money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon
cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being
required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to
be published once, in a newspaper published in the English language, customarily
published on each Business Day and of general circulation in The City of New
York, or cause to be mailed to such Holder, notice that such money remains
unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than
30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money
then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

         Section 9.4 Corporate Existence. Subject to Article 7, the Company will
at all times do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in
full force and effect its corporate existence and its rights and franchises;
provided, however, that nothing in this Section 9.4 shall prevent the
abandonment or termination of any right or franchise of the Company if, in the
opinion of the Company, such abandonment or termination is in the best interests
of the Company and does not materially adversely affect the ability of the
Company to operate its business or to fulfill its obligations hereunder.

         Section 9.5 Insurance. The Company covenants and agrees that it will
maintain, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to maintain, insurance with
responsible and reputable insurance companies or associations or through a
program of self-insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as are
consistent with sound business practice for corporations engaged in the same or
a similar business similarly situated.

         Section 9.6 Reports by the Company. The Company covenants:

                  (a)      to file with the Trustee, within 30 days after the
         Company is required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the
         annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or
         copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may
         from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company
         may be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or
         Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, or, if the Company is not required
         to file information, documents or reports pursuant to either of such
         sections, then to file with the Trustee and the Commission, in
         accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by
         the Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information,
         documents and reports that may be required pursuant to Section 13 of
         the Exchange Act, in respect of a security listed and registered on a
         national securities exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in
         such rules and regulations;

                  (b)      to file with the Trustee and the Commission, in
         accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed from time to time
         by the Commission, such additional information, documents and reports
         with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and
         covenants provided for in this Indenture, as may be required from time
         to time by such rules and regulations; and

                  (c)      to transmit to all Holders of Securities, within 30
         days after the filing thereof with the Trustee, in the manner and to
         the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, such
         summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be
         filed by the Company pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this
         Section 9.6, as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed
         from time to time by the Commission.

         Section 9.7 Annual Review Certificate; Notice of Default. The Company
covenants and agrees to deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of
each fiscal year of the Company, a brief certificate from the principal

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<PAGE>

executive officer, principal financial officer, or principal accounting officer
as to his knowledge of the Company's compliance with all conditions and
covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 9.7, such
compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or
requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. The Company shall file with
the Trustee written notice of the occurrence of any Event of Default within 30
Business Days of its becoming aware of any such Event of Default.

         Section 9.8 Provision of Financial Statements. If the Company is not
required to file with the Commission periodic reports and other information
pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company shall
furnish without cost to each Holder and file with the Trustee (i) within 135
days after the end of each fiscal year, annual reports containing the
information required to be contained in Items 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 of Form
10-K promulgated under the Exchange Act, or substantially the same information
required to be contained in comparable items of any successor form, (ii) within
60 days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal
year, quarterly reports containing the information required to be contained in
Form 10-Q promulgated under the Exchange Act, or substantially the same
information required to be contained in any successor form, and (iii) promptly
from the time after the occurrence of an event required to be therein reported,
such other reports containing information required to be contained in Form 8-K
promulgated under the Exchange Act, or substantially the same information
required to be contained in any successor form. The Company shall also make such
reports available to prospective purchasers of the Securities, securities
analysts and broker-dealers upon their request.

                                   ARTICLE 10

                                   REDEMPTION

         Section 10.1 Applicability of Article. Securities of any series that
are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance
with their terms and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section
3.1 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

         Section 10.2 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. The election of the
Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by or pursuant to a Board
Resolution or any Officers' Certificate. In the case of any redemption at the
election of the Company of less than all the Securities, if any, of any series,
the Company shall, at least 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the
Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify
the Trustee of such Redemption Date, the principal amount of Securities of such
series to be redeemed and, if applicable, the tenor of the Securities to be
redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities (i) prior to the
expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such
Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture or (ii) pursuant to an election of the
Company that is subject to a condition specified in the terms of such
Securities, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate
evidencing compliance with such restriction or condition.

         Section 10.3 Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed. Unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, if less than all of the Securities of
a series with the same original issue date, interest rate and Stated Maturity
are to be redeemed, the Trustee, not more than 45 days prior to the Redemption
Date, shall select the Securities of the series to be redeemed in such manner as
the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate. The Trustee shall make the
selection from Securities of the series that are Outstanding and that have not
previously been called for redemption and may provide for the selection for
redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized denomination for
Securities of that series or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal
amount of Securities of such series of a denomination larger than the minimum
authorized denomination for Securities of that series. The Trustee shall
promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities selected by the Trustee
for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial
redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

         Securities that have been converted into Common Shares during a
selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated by the Trustee as
Outstanding for the purpose of such selection. If any Security selected for
partial redemption is in part converted before termination of the conversion
right with respect to the portion of the Security so selected, the converted
portion of such Security shall be deemed (so far as may be) to be the portion
selected for redemption.

                                      -39-

<PAGE>

         For purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires,
all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the
case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion
of the principal amount of such Securities that has been or is to be redeemed.

         Section 10.4 Notice of Redemption. Unless otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 3.1, notice of redemption shall be given in the manner
provided in Section 1.6 not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days prior to the
Redemption Date to the Holders of the Securities to be redeemed.

         All notices of redemption shall state:

                  (a)      the Redemption Date;

                  (b)      the Redemption Price;

                  (c)      if fewer than all the Outstanding Securities of a
         series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of
         partial redemption, the principal amounts) of the particular Security
         or Securities to be redeemed;

                  (d)      in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only,
         the notice that relates to such Security shall state that on and after
         the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder will
         receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized
         denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed;

                  (e)      the conversion price, the date on which the right to
         convert into Common Shares the principal of the Securities to be
         redeemed will terminate and the place or places where such Securities
         may be surrendered for conversion;

                  (f)      the Place or Places of Payment where such Securities
         maturing after the Redemption Date, are to be surrendered for payment
         for the Redemption Price;

                  (g)      that Securities of the series called for redemption
         must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption
         price;

                  (h)      that, on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price
         will become due and payable upon each such Security, or the portion
         thereof, to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest thereon will
         cease to accrue on and after said Redemption Date;

                  (i)      that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is
         the case; and

                  (j)      the CUSIP number of the applicable series of
         Securities.

         Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed shall be given by the
Company or, at the Company's request, by the Trustee in the name and at the
expense of the Company.

         Section 10.5 Deposit of Redemption Price. On or prior to any Redemption
Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if
the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as
provided in Section 9.3) an amount of money sufficient to pay on the Redemption
Date the Redemption Price of, and (unless the Redemption Date shall be an
Interest Payment Date) interest accrued to the Redemption Date on, all
Securities or portions thereof that are to be redeemed on that date, other than
any Securities called for redemption on that date that have been converted into
Common Shares prior to the date of such deposit.

         Unless any Security by its terms prohibits any sinking fund payment
obligation from being satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities
(including Securities redeemed otherwise than through a sinking fund), the
Company may deliver such Securities to the Trustee for crediting against such
payment obligation in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this
Indenture.

                                      -40-

<PAGE>

         If any Security called for redemption is converted into Common Shares,
any money deposited with the Trustee or with any Paying Agent or so segregated
and held in trust for the redemption of such Security shall (subject to any
right of the Holder of such Security or any Predecessor Security to receive
interest as provided in the last paragraph of Section 3.7) be paid to the
Company upon Company Request or, if then held by the Company, shall be
discharged from such trust.

         Section 10.6 Securities Payable on Redemption Date. Notice of
redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed
shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price
therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall
default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such
Securities shall cease to bear interest. Except as provided in the next
succeeding paragraph, upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in
accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the
Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the Redemption Date;
provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section
3.1, installments of interest on Securities whose Stated Maturity is prior to
the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one
or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on
the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section
3.7.

         If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall,
until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed
therefor in the Security.

         Section 10.7 Securities Redeemed in Part. Upon surrender of a Security
that is redeemed in part at any Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company
or the Trustee so require, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of
transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by,
the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), the Company
shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of
that Security, without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same
series, the same form and the same Maturity in any authorized denomination equal
in aggregate principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the principal of the
Security surrendered.

                                   ARTICLE 11

                                  SINKING FUNDS

         Section 11.1 Applicability of Article. The provisions of this Article
shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a
series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for
Securities of such series.

         The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking
fund payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by
the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional
sinking fund payment." If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series,
the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as
provided in Section 11.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the
redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of
Securities of such series.

         Section 11.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments With Securities. The
Company may (i) deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other than any
previously called for redemption) and (ii) apply as a credit Securities of a
series that have been converted into Common Shares pursuant to Article 12 or
that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the
terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional
sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in
satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the
Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such
Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such
Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be
received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price
specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking
fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.

                                      -41-

<PAGE>

         Section 11.3 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. Not less than
60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities,
the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate specifying the
amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the
terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by
payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by
delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 11.2, and
will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less
than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date, the Trustee shall
select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the
manner specified in Section 10.3 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to
be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided
in Section 10.4. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such
Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections
10.6 and 10.7.

                                   ARTICLE 12

                            CONVERSION OF SECURITIES

         Section 12.1 Conversion Right. Subject to and upon compliance with the
provisions of this Article, at the option of the Holder thereof, Securities of
any series or any portion of the principal amount thereof that is $1,000 or an
integral multiple of $1,000 may be converted at the principal amount thereof, or
such portion thereof, into fully paid and nonassessable shares (calculated as to
each conversion to the nearest 1/100 of a share) of Common Shares, in accordance
with the terms of such series of Securities and (except as otherwise specified
as contemplated by Section 3.1) in accordance with this Article. In case a
Security or portion thereof is called for redemption, such conversion right in
respect of the Security or portion so called shall expire at the close of
business on the Business Day that is 10 days prior to the Redemption Date,
unless the Company defaults in making the payment due upon redemption.

         The price at which Common Shares shall be delivered upon conversion,
which shall be specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, shall be referred to
herein as the "conversion price." The conversion price shall be adjusted in
certain instances as provided in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (g) of
Section 12.4.

         Section 12.2 Exercise of Conversion Right. In order to exercise the
conversion right, the Holder of any Security to be converted shall surrender
such Security, duly endorsed or assigned to the Company or in blank, at any
office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose pursuant to Section
9.2, accompanied by written notice to the Company at such office or agency that
the Holder elects to convert such Security or, if less than the entire principal
amount thereof is to be converted, the portion thereof to be converted.
Securities surrendered for conversion during the period from the close of
business on any Regular Record Date next preceding any Interest Payment Date to
the opening of business on such Interest Payment Date shall (except in the case
of Securities or portions thereof that have been called for redemption on a
Redemption Date within such period) be accompanied by payment in New York
Clearing House funds or other funds acceptable to the Company of an amount equal
to the interest payable on such Interest Payment Date on the principal amount of
Securities being surrendered for conversion. Except as provided in the preceding
sentence and in Section 3.7, no payment or adjustment shall be made upon any
conversion on account of any interest accrued on the Securities surrendered for
conversion or on account of any dividends on the Common Shares issued upon
conversion.

         Securities shall be deemed to have been converted immediately prior to
the close of business on the day of surrender of such Securities for conversion
in accordance with the foregoing provisions, and at such time the rights of the
Holders of such Securities as Holders shall cease, and the Person or Persons
entitled to receive the Common Shares issuable upon conversion shall be treated
for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such Common Shares at such
time. As promptly as practicable on or after the conversion date, the Company
shall issue and deliver at such office or agency a certificate or certificates
for the number of full Common Shares issuable upon conversion, together with
payment in lieu of any fractional share, as provided in Section 12.3.

         In the case of any Security that is converted in part only, upon such
conversion the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver to the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security

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<PAGE>

or Securities of authorized denominations in aggregate principal amount equal to
the portion of the principal amount of such Security not converted.

         Section 12.3 Fractional Shares. No fractional Common Shares shall be
issued upon conversion of Securities. If more than one Security shall be
surrendered for conversion at one time by the same Holder, the number of full
shares that shall be issuable upon conversion thereof shall be computed on the
basis of the aggregate principal amount of the Securities (or specified portions
thereof) so surrendered. Instead of a fractional Common Share that would
otherwise be issuable upon conversion of any Security or Securities (or
specified portions thereof), the Company shall pay a cash adjustment in respect
of such fraction in an amount equal to the same fraction of the market price per
Common Share (as determined by the Board of Directors or in any manner
prescribed by the Board of Directors) at the close of business on the day of
conversion.

         Section 12.4 Adjustment of Conversion Price. (a) In case the Company
shall pay or make a dividend or other distribution on any class of capital stock
of the Company in Common Shares, the conversion price in effect at the opening
of the Trading Day following the date fixed for the determination of
shareholders entitled to receive such dividend or other distribution shall be
reduced by multiplying such conversion price by a fraction, the numerator of
which shall be the number of Common Shares outstanding at the close of the
Trading Day on the date fixed for such determination and the denominator of
which shall be the sum of such number of shares and the total number of shares
constituting such dividend or other distribution, such reduction to become
effective immediately after the opening of business on the day following the
date fixed for such determination. For the purposes of this paragraph (a), the
number of Common Shares at any time outstanding shall not include shares held in
the treasury of the Company, but shall include shares issuable in respect of
scrip certificates issued in lieu of fractional Common Shares. The Company will
not pay any dividend or make any distribution on Common Shares held in the
treasury of the Company.

                  (b)      In case the Company shall issue rights or warrants to
all holders of its Common Shares entitling them to subscribe for or purchase
Common Shares at a price per share less than the current market price per share
(determined as provided in paragraph (f) of this Section) of the Common Shares
on the dated fixed for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive
such rights or warrants, the conversion price in effect at the opening of the
Trading Day following the date fixed for such determination shall be reduced by
multiplying such conversion price by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be
the number of Common Shares outstanding at the close of business on the date
fixed for such determination plus the number of Common Shares that the aggregate
of the offering price of the total number of Common Shares so offered for
subscription or purchase would purchase at such current market price and the
denominator of which shall be the number of Common Shares outstanding at the
close of business on the date fixed for such determination plus the number of
Common Shares so offered for subscription or purchase, such reduction to become
effective immediately after the opening of the Trading Day following the date
fixed for determination. For the purposes of this paragraph (b), the number of
Common Shares at any time outstanding shall not include shares held in the
treasury of the Company, but shall include shares issuable in respect of scrip
certificates issued in lieu of fractional Common Shares. The Company will not
issue any rights or warrants in respect of Common Shares held in the treasury of
the Company.

                  (c)      In case outstanding Common Shares shall be subdivided
into a greater number of Common Shares, the conversion price in effect at the
opening of the Trading Day following the day upon which such subdivision becomes
effective shall be proportionately reduced and, conversely, in the case that
outstanding Common Shares shall be combined into a smaller number of Common
Shares, the conversion price in effect at the opening of business on the day
following the day upon which such combination becomes effective shall be
proportionately increased, such reduction or increase, as the case may be, to
become effective immediately after the opening of business on the day following
the day upon which such subdivision or combination becomes effective.

                  (d)      In case the Company shall, by dividend or otherwise,
distribute to all holders of its Common Shares evidences of its Indebtedness or
assets (including securities, but excluding any rights or warrants referred to
in paragraph (b) of this Section, any dividend or distribution paid in cash out
of the retained earnings of the Company and any dividend or distribution
referred to in paragraph (a) of this Section), the conversion price shall be
adjusted so that the same shall equal the price determined by multiplying the
conversion price in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the
date fixed for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive

                                      -43-

<PAGE>

such distribution by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the current
market price per share (determined as provided in paragraph (f) of this Section)
of the Common Shares on the date fixed for such determination less the then fair
market value (as determined by the Board of Directors, whose determination shall
be conclusive and described in a Board Resolution filed with the Trustee) of the
portion of the assets or evidences of Indebtedness so distributed applicable to
one Common Share and the denominator of which shall be such current market price
per Common Share, such adjustment to become effective immediately prior to the
opening of business on the day following the date fixed for the determination of
shareholders entitled to receive such distribution.

                  (e)      The reclassification of Common Shares into securities
other than Common Shares (other than any reclassification upon a consolidation
or merger, to which Section 12.11 applies) shall be deemed to involve (i) a
distribution of such securities other than Common Shares to all holders of
Common Shares (and the effective date of such reclassification shall be deemed
to be "the date fixed for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive
such distribution" and "the date fixed for such determination" within the
meaning of paragraph (d) of this Section) and (ii) a subdivision or combination,
as the case may be, of the number of Common Shares outstanding immediately prior
to such reclassification into the number of Common Shares outstanding
immediately thereafter (and the effective date of such reclassification shall be
deemed to be "the day upon which such subdivision becomes effective" or "the day
upon which such combination becomes effective," as the case may be, and "the day
upon which such subdivision or combination becomes effective" within the meaning
of paragraph (c) of this Section).

                  (f)      For the purpose of any computation under paragraphs
(b) and (d) of this Section, the current market price per Common Share on any
date shall be deemed to be the average of the daily closing prices for the five
consecutive Trading Days selected by the Company commencing not more than 20
Trading Days before, and ending not later than, the earlier of the day in
question and the day before the "ex" date with respect to the issuance or
distribution requiring such computation. The closing price for each day shall be
the last reported sales price regular way or, in case that no such reported sale
takes place on such day, the average of the reported closing bid and asked
prices regular way, in either case on the New York Stock Exchange or, if the
Common Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on such Exchange, on the
principal national securities exchange on which the Common Shares are listed or
admitted to trading or, if not listed or admitted to trading on any national
securities exchange, on the Nasdaq National Market or, if the Common Shares are
not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange or quoted
on the Nasdaq National Market, the average of the closing bid and asked prices
in the over-the-counter market as furnished by any New York Stock Exchange
member firm selected from time to time by the Company for that purpose. For
purposes of this paragraph, the term "`ex date," when used with respect to any
issuance or distribution, means the first date on which the Common Shares trade
regular way on such exchange or in such market without the right to receive such
issuance or distribution.

                  (g)      The Company may make such reductions in the
conversion price, in addition to those required by paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and
(d) of this Section, as it considers to be advisable in order that any event
treated for federal income tax purposes as a dividend of stock or stock rights
shall not be taxable to the recipients.

         Section 12.5 Notice of Adjustments of Conversion Price. Whenever the
conversion price is adjusted as herein provided:

                  (a)      the Company shall compute the adjusted conversion
         price in accordance with Section 12.4 and shall prepare a certificate
         signed by the Treasurer of the Company setting forth the adjusted
         conversion price and showing in reasonable detail the facts upon which
         such adjustment is based, and such certificate shall forthwith be filed
         at each office or agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of
         Securities pursuant to Section 9.2; and

                  (b)      a notice stating that the conversion price has been
         adjusted and setting forth the adjusted conversion price shall
         forthwith be required and, as soon as practicable after it is required,
         shall be mailed by the Company to all Holders at their last addresses
         as they shall appear in the Register.

                                      -44-

<PAGE>

         Section 12.6 Notice of Certain Corporate Action. In case:

                  (a)      the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other
         distribution) on the Common Shares payable otherwise than in cash out
         of its retained earnings; or

                  (b)      the Company shall authorize the granting to the
         holders of Common Shares of rights or warrants to subscribe for or
         purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any other
         rights; or

                  (c)      of any reclassification of the Common Shares (other
         than a subdivision or combination of its outstanding Common Shares), or
         of any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party and for
         which approval of any shareholders of the Company is required, or of
         the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the
         Company; or

                  (d)      of the voluntary or involuntary dissolution,
         liquidation or winding up of the Company;

then the Company shall cause to be filed at each office or agency maintained for
the purpose of conversion of Securities pursuant to Section 9.2, and shall cause
to be mailed to all Holders at their last addresses as they shall appear in the
Register, at least 20 days (or 10 days in any case specified in clause (a) or
(b) above) prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter
specified, a notice stating (y) the date on which a record is to be taken for
the purpose of such dividend, distribution, rights or warrants, or, if a record
is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of Common Shares of record
to be entitled to such dividend, distribution, rights or warrants are to be
determined, or (z) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation,
merger, sale, transfer, dissolution, liquidation or winding up is expected to
become effective, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of Common
Shares of record shall be entitled to exchange their Common Shares for
securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification,
consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, dissolution, liquidation or winding up.

         Section 12.7 Company to Reserve Common Shares. The Company shall at all
times reserve and keep available, free from preemptive rights, out of its
authorized but unissued Common Shares, for the purpose of effecting the
conversion of Securities, the full number of Common Shares then issuable upon
the conversion of all outstanding Securities.

         Section 12.8 Taxes on Conversions. The Company will pay any and all
taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue or delivery of Common Shares
on conversion of Securities pursuant hereto. The Company shall not, however, be
required to pay any tax that may be payable in respect of any transfer involved
in the issue and delivery of Common Shares in a name other than that of the
Holder of the Security or Securities to be converted, and no such issue or
delivery shall be made unless and until the Person requesting such issue has
paid to the Company the amount of any such tax, or has established to the
satisfaction of the Company that such tax has been paid.

         Section 12.9 Covenant as to Common Shares. The Company covenants that
all Common Shares that may be issued upon conversion of Securities will upon
issue be fully paid and nonassessable and, except as provided in Section 12.8,
the Company will pay all taxes, liens and charges with respect to the issue
thereof.

         Section 12.10 Cancellation of Converted Securities. All Securities
delivered for conversion shall be delivered to the Trustee to be cancelled by or
at the direction of the Trustee, which shall dispose of the same as provided in
Section 3.9.

         Section 12.11 Provisions in Case of Consolidation, Merger or Sale of
Assets. In case of any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the
Company into, any other Person, any merger of another Person into the Company
(other than a merger that does not result in any reclassification, conversion,
exchange or cancellation of outstanding Common Shares) or any sale or transfer
of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, the Person formed by
such consolidation or resulting from such merger or which acquires such assets,
as the case may be, shall execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental
indenture providing that the Holder of each Security then outstanding shall have
the right thereafter, during the period such Security shall be convertible as
specified in Section 12.1, to convert such Security only into the kind and
amount of securities, cash and other property receivable upon such
consolidation, merger, sale or transfer by a holder of the number of Common
Shares into

                                      -45-

<PAGE>

which such Security might have been converted immediately prior to such
consolidation, merger, sale or transfer, assuming such holder of Common Shares
(i) is not a Person with which the Company consolidated or into which the
Company merged or which merged into the Company or to which such sale or
transfer was made, as the case may be ("Constituent Person"), or an Affiliate of
a Constituent Person and (ii) failed to exercise his rights of election, if any,
as to the kind or amount of securities, cash and other property receivable upon
such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer (provided that if the kind or
amount of securities, cash and other property receivable upon such
consolidation, merger, sale or transfer is not the same for each Common Share of
the Company held immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale or
transfer by others than a Constituent Person or an Affiliate thereof and in
respect of which such rights of election shall not have been exercised
("Nonelecting Share"), then for the purpose of this Section the kind and amount
of securities, cash and other property receivable upon such consolidation,
merger, sale or transfer with respect to each Nonelecting Share shall be deemed
to be the kind and amount so receivable per share by a plurality of the
Nonelecting Shares). Such supplemental indenture shall provide for adjustments
that, for events subsequent to the effective date of such supplemental
indenture, shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the
adjustments provided for in this Article 12. The above provisions of this
Section shall similarly apply to successive consolidations, mergers, sales or
transfers.

         The Company shall be solely responsible for performing the duties and
responsibilities contained in this Article 12 and the Trustee shall have no
responsibility therefor.

         [If applicable:

                                   ARTICLE 13

                           SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

         Section 13.1 Securities Subordinated to Senior Indebtedness. (a) The
Company agrees, and each Holder of the Securities by acceptance thereof likewise
agrees, that the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on
the Securities is subordinated, to the extent and in the manner provided in this
Article 13, to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the
Company.

                  (b)      All provisions of this Article 13 shall be subject to
Section 13.14.

         Section 13.2 Company Not to Make Payments With Respect to Securities in
Certain Circumstances; Limitations on Acceleration of Securities. (a) Upon the
maturity of any Senior Indebtedness of the Company by lapse of time,
acceleration or otherwise, all obligations with respect thereto shall first be
paid in full, or such payment duly provided for in cash or in a manner
satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness, before any payment is
made on account of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the
Securities or to redeem, retire, purchase, deposit moneys for the defeasance of
or acquire any of the Securities.

                  (b)      Upon the happening of (i) any default in payment of
any Senior Indebtedness of the Company or (ii) any other default on Senior
Indebtedness of the Company, and the maturity of such Senior Indebtedness is
accelerated in accordance with its terms, then, unless (w) such default relates
to Senior Indebtedness of the Company in an aggregate amount equal to or less
than $10 million, (x) such default shall have been cured or waived or shall have
ceased to exist, (y) any such acceleration has been rescinded, or (z) such
Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full, no direct or indirect payment in
cash, property or securities, by set-off or otherwise (except payment of the
Securities from funds previously deposited in accordance with Section 4.1 at any
time such deposit was not prohibited by this Indenture), shall be made or agreed
to be made by the Company on account of the principal of, premium, if any, or
interest on the Securities, or in respect of any redemption, retirement,
purchase, deposit of moneys for the defeasance or other acquisition of any of
the Securities in the case of such a default in Senior Indebtedness of the
Company, and the Company shall not deposit money for any such payment or
distribution with the Trustee or any Paying Agent nor shall the Company (if the
Company is acting as its own Paying Agent) segregate and hold in trust money for
any such payment or distribution.

                                      -46-

<PAGE>

                  (c)      Upon the happening of an event of default (other than
under circumstances when the terms of paragraph (b) of this Section 13.2 are
applicable) with respect to any Senior Indebtedness of the Company pursuant to
which the holders thereof are entitled under the terms of such Senior
Indebtedness to immediately accelerate the maturity thereof (without further
notice or expiration of any applicable grace periods), upon written notice
thereof given to each of the Company and the Trustee by the trustee for or other
representative of the holders of at least $10 million of Senior Indebtedness of
the Company (a "Payment Notice"), then, unless and until such event of default
shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist, no direct or
indirect payment in cash, property or securities, by set-off or otherwise
(except payment of the Securities from funds previously deposited in accordance
with Section 4.1 at any time such deposit was not prohibited by this Indenture),
shall be made or agreed to be made by the Company on account of the principal
of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities, or in respect of any
redemption, retirement, purchase, deposit of moneys for the defeasance or other
acquisition of any of the Securities, and the Company shall not deposit money
for any such payment or distribution with the Trustee or any Paying Agent nor
shall the Company or a Subsidiary (if the Company or such Subsidiary is acting
as Paying Agent) segregate and hold in trust money for any such payment or
distribution (a "Payment Block"); provided, however, that this paragraph shall
not prevent the making of any payment for more than 120 days after a Payment
Notice shall have been given unless the Senior Indebtedness in respect of which
such event of default exists has been declared due and payable in its entirety,
in which case no such payment shall be made until such acceleration has been
rescinded or annulled or such Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full in
accordance with its terms. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) not more than one
Payment Notice shall be given with respect to a particular event of default
(which shall not bar subsequent Payment Notices for other such events of
default), (ii) all events of default under Senior Indebtedness occurring within
any 30-day period shall be treated as one event of default to the extent that
one or more Payment Notices are issued in connection therewith, and (iii) no
more than two Payment Blocks shall be permitted within any period of 12
consecutive months. Any payment made in contravention of the provisions of this
paragraph shall be returned to the Company.

                  (d)      In the event that, notwithstanding the provisions of
paragraph (a) or (b), the Trustee or the Holder of any Security shall have
received any payment on account of the principal of or premium, if any, or
interest on the Securities in contravention of paragraph (a) or (b) or after the
happening of a default in payment of any Senior Indebtedness of the Company or
any acceleration of the maturity of any Senior Indebtedness of the Company then,
in either such case, except in the case of any such default that shall have been
cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist, such payment (subject to the
provisions of Sections 13.6 and 13.7) shall be held for the benefit of, and
shall be paid over and delivered to, the holders of such Senior Indebtedness of
the Company (pro rata as to each of such holders on the basis of the respective
amounts of Senior Indebtedness of the Company held by them) or their
representative or the trustee under the indenture or other agreement (if any)
pursuant to which Senior Indebtedness of the Company may have been issued, as
their respective interests may appear, for application to the payment of all
Senior Indebtedness of the Company remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to
pay all Senior Indebtedness of the Company in full in accordance with its terms,
after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for the
holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company.

                  (e)(1)   Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default under
         Section 5.1(a) through (d) and (g), the Trustee or holders of 25% of
         the outstanding principal amount of the Securities of any series must
         give notice of such Event of Default and the intention to declare the
         acceleration of principal of all the Securities of that series to the
         Company and any holders of Senior Indebtedness which have theretofore
         requested of the Trustee such notice, and no acceleration of the
         Securities of any series shall be effective unless and until such Event
         of Default is continuing on the 60th day after the date of delivery of
         such notice. The Company may pay the Holders of the Securities of any
         series any defaulted payment and all other amounts due following any
         such acceleration of the maturity of the Securities if this Section
         13.2(e) would not prohibit such payment to be made at that time.

                  (2)      Nothing in this Article 13 shall prevent or delay the
         Trustee or the Holders of the Securities from taking any action in
         connection with the acceleration of the maturity of the Securities
         pursuant to Section 5.2 upon the occurrence of an Event of Default
         under either Section 5.1(e) or 5.1(f).

                  (3)      Except as provided in Section 13.2(e)(1), a failure
         to make any payment with respect to the Securities as a result of the
         rights of holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company described in

                                      -47-

<PAGE>

         paragraph (b) or (c) hereof will not have any effect on the right of
         Holders of the Securities to accelerate the maturities thereof as a
         result of such payment default. The Company shall give prompt written
         notice to the Trustee of any default in the payment of principal of or
         interest on any Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and in the event of
         any such default, shall provide to the Trustee, in the form of an
         Officers' Certificate, the names, addresses and respective amounts due
         holders of such Senior Indebtedness or the name and address of the
         trustee acting on their behalf, if any. The Trustee shall be entitled
         to rely conclusively on such Officers' Certificate without independent
         verification.

         Section 13.3 Securities Subordinated to Prior Payment of All Senior
Indebtedness on Dissolution, Liquidation or Reorganization of the Company. Upon
the distribution of assets of the Company in any dissolution, winding up,
liquidation (total or partial) or similar proceeding relating to the Company
(whether in bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership proceedings or upon an
assignment for the benefit of creditors or otherwise):

                  (a)      the holders of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company
         shall first be entitled to receive payment in full of all Senior
         Indebtedness (or to have such payment duly provided for in a manner
         satisfactory to them) in cash or in a manner satisfactory to the
         holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company before the Holders of the
         Securities are entitled to receive any payment on account of the
         principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities;

                  (b)      any payment or distribution of assets of the Company
         of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities
         (other than securities of the Company as reorganized or readjusted, or
         securities of the Company or any other company, trust or corporation
         provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment, the payment
         of which is junior or otherwise subordinate, at least to the extent
         provided in this Article 13 with respect to the Securities, to the
         payment of all securities issued in exchange therefor to the holders of
         the Senior Indebtedness of the Company at the time outstanding), to
         which the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee on behalf of the
         Holders of the Securities would be entitled except for the provisions
         of this Article 13, shall be paid by the liquidating trustee or agent
         or other person making such payment or distribution directly to the
         holders of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company or their
         representatives or to the trustee under any indenture under which such
         Senior Indebtedness may have been issued (pro rata as to each such
         holder, representative or trustee on the basis of respective amounts of
         unpaid Senior Indebtedness held or represented by each), to the extent
         necessary to make payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the
         Company remaining unpaid, after giving effect to any concurrent payment
         or distribution or provision therefor to the holders of such Senior
         Indebtedness; and

                  (c)      in the event that notwithstanding the foregoing
         provisions of this Section 13.3, any payment or distribution of assets
         of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or
         securities (other than securities of the Company as reorganized or
         readjusted or securities of the Company or any other company, trust or
         corporation provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment,
         the payment of which is junior or otherwise subordinate, at least to
         the extent provided in this Article 13 with respect to the Securities,
         to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company at the time
         outstanding and to the payment of all securities issued in exchange
         therefor to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company, as
         the case may be, at the time outstanding), shall be received by the
         Trustee or the Holders of the Securities on account of principal of,
         premium, if any, or interest on the Securities before all Senior
         Indebtedness of the Company is paid in full in cash or in a manner
         satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness in accordance
         with its terms, or effective provision made for its payment, such
         payment or distribution (subject to the provisions of Sections 13.6 and
         13.7) shall be received and held for the benefit of and paid over to
         the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company remaining unpaid
         or unprovided for or their representative, or to the trustee under any
         indenture under which such Senior Indebtedness of the Company may have
         been issued (pro rata as provided in paragraph (b) above), for
         application to the payment of such Senior Indebtedness of the Company
         to the extent necessary to pay all such Senior Indebtedness of the
         Company in full in cash or in a manner satisfactory to the holders of
         Senior Indebtedness of the Company in accordance with its terms, after
         giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution or provision
         therefor to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness of the Company.

                                      -48-

<PAGE>

         The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any
dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization of the Company or any
assignment for the benefit of the Company's creditors tending toward the
liquidation of the business and assets of the Company.

         Section 13.4 Holders to Be Subrogated to Rights of Holders of Senior
Indebtedness. Upon the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company
in cash or in a manner satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness,
the Holders of the Securities shall be subrogated equally and ratably to the
rights of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company to receive payments
or distributions of assets of the Company applicable to the Senior Indebtedness
of the Company until all amounts owing on the Securities shall be paid in full,
and for the purpose of such subrogation no payments or distributions to the
holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company by or on behalf of the Company or
by or on behalf of Holders of the Securities by virtue of this Article 13 that
otherwise would have been made to the Holders of the Securities shall, as
between the Company and the Holders of the Securities, be deemed to be payment
by the Company to or on account of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, it being
understood that the provisions of this Article 13 are intended solely for the
purpose of defining the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities, on the
one hand, and the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, on the other
hand.

         Section 13.5 Obligation of the Company Unconditional. Nothing contained
in this Article 13 or elsewhere in this Indenture or in any Security is intended
to or shall impair, as between the Company and the Holders of the Securities,
the obligations of the Company that are absolute and unconditional, to pay to
the Holders of the Securities the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on
the Securities as and when the same shall become due and payable in accordance
with their terms, or is intended to or shall affect the relative rights of the
Holders of the Securities and creditors of the Company other than the holders of
Senior Indebtedness of the Company nor, except as expressly provided in this
Article 13, shall anything herein or in the Securities prevent the Trustee or
the Holder of any Security from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by
applicable law upon default under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any,
under this Article 13 of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, in
respect of cash, property or securities of the Company received upon the
exercise of any such remedy. Upon any distribution of assets of the Company
referred to in this Article 13, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
Section 6.1, and the Holders of the Securities endorsed thereon shall be
entitled to rely upon any order or decree by any court of competent jurisdiction
in which such dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization proceedings
are pending, or a certificate of the liquidating trustee or agent or other
Person making any distribution to the Trustee or the Holders of the Securities
for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such
distribution, the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company and other
indebtedness of the Company, the amounts thereof or payable thereon, the amount
or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or
to this Article 13.

         Nothing contained in this Article 13 or elsewhere in this Indenture or
in any Security is intended to or shall affect the obligations of the Company to
make, or prevent the Company from making, at any time except during the pendency
of any dissolution, winding up, liquidation (total or partial) or similar
proceeding, and except during the continuance of any event specified in Section
13.2 (not cured or waived), payments at any time of the principal of, or
premium, if any, or interest on the Securities.

         Section 13.6 Knowledge of Trustee. Notwithstanding any provision of
this Indenture, the Trustee shall not at any time be charged with knowledge of
the existence of any facts that would prohibit the making of any payment of
moneys to or by the Trustee until three Business Days after a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee on behalf of the Trustee shall have received at the
Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee written notice thereof from the Company,
any Holder, or the holder or representative of any class of Senior Indebtedness
of the Company identifying the specific sections of this Indenture involved and
describing in detail the facts that would obligate the Trustee to withhold
payments to Holders of Securities, and, prior to such time, the Trustee, subject
to the provisions of Section 6.1, shall be entitled in all respects conclusively
to assume that no such facts exist. The Trustee shall be entitled to rely on the
delivery to it of a written notice by an individual representing himself to be a
holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company (or a trustee on behalf of such
holder) to establish that such notice has been given by a holder of any such
Senior Indebtedness or a trustee on behalf of any such holder.

                                      -49-

<PAGE>

         In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that further
evidence is required with respect to the right of any Person as a holder of
Senior Indebtedness of the Company to participate in any payment or distribution
pursuant to this Article 13, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish
evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to amount of Senior
Indebtedness of the Company held by such Person, the extent to which such Person
is entitled to participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts
pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article 13, and if such
evidence is not furnished, the Trustee may defer any payment to such Person
pending judicial determination as to the right of such Person to receive such
payment.

         Section 13.7 Application by Trustee of Moneys Deposited With It. If two
Business Days prior to the date on which by the terms of this Indenture any
moneys deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company or
a Subsidiary) may become payable for any purpose (including, without limitation,
the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Security),
the Trustee shall not have received with respect to such moneys the notice
provided for in Section 13.6, then the Trustee shall have full power and
authority to receive such moneys and to apply the same to the purpose for which
they were received and shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary that
may be received by it on or after such date. This Section 13.7 shall be
construed solely for the benefit of the Trustee and the Paying Agent and shall
not otherwise affect the rights of holders of such Senior Indebtedness.

         Section 13.8 Subordination Rights Not Impaired by Acts or Omissions of
Company or Holders of Senior Indebtedness. No right of any present or future
holders of any Senior Indebtedness of the Company to enforce subordination as
provided herein shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired by any
act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act or failure to act
by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by the Company with the terms of
this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof that any such holder may
have or be otherwise charged with.

         Section 13.9 Holders Authorize Trustee to Effectuate Subordination of
Securities. Each Holder of the Securities by his acceptance thereof authorizes
and expressly directs the Trustee on his behalf to take such action as may be
necessary or appropriate in the discretion of the Trustee to effectuate the
subordination provided in this Article 13 and appoints the Trustee his
attorney-in-fact for such purpose, including, without limitation, in the event
of any dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization of the Company
(whether in bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership proceedings or upon an
assignment for the benefit of creditors or otherwise) tending toward liquidation
of the business and assets of the Company, the timely filing of a claim for the
unpaid balance of his Securities in the form required in said proceedings. If
the Trustee does not file a proper claim or proof of debt in the form required
in such proceedings before the expiration of the time to file such claim or
claims, then the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company are hereby
authorized to have the right to file and are hereby authorized to file an
appropriate claim for and on behalf of the Holders of said Securities.

         Section 13.10 Right of Trustee to Hold Senior Indebtedness. The Trustee
shall be entitled to all of the rights set forth in this Article 13 in respect
of any Senior Indebtedness of the Company at any time held by it to the same
extent as any other holder of such Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and
nothing in this Indenture shall be construed to deprive the Trustee of any of
its rights as such holder. With respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of
the Company, the Trustee undertakes to perform or to observe only such of its
covenants and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Article 13, and
no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness of the Company shall be read into this Indenture against the
Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the
holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and the Trustee shall not be
liable to any holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company if it shall
mistakenly pay over or deliver to Holders of Securities, the Company or any
other Person moneys or assets to which any holder of such Senior Indebtedness
shall be entitled by virtue of this Article 13 or otherwise.

         Section 13.11 Article 13 Not to Prevent Events of Default. The failure
to make a payment on account of principal or interest by reason of any provision
in this Article 13 shall not be construed as preventing the occurrence of an
Event of Default under Section 5.1.

         Section 13.12 Paying Agents Other Than the Trustee. In case at any time
any Paying Agent (including, without limitation, the Company or any Subsidiary)
other than the Trustee shall have been appointed by the

                                      -50-

<PAGE>

Company and be then acting hereunder, the term "Trustee" as used in this Article
13 shall in such case (unless the context shall otherwise require) be construed
as extending to and including such Paying Agent (except the Company and its
subsidiaries in the case of Sections 13.6 and 13.7) within its meaning as fully
for all intents and purposes as if such Paying Agent were named in this Article
13 in addition to or in place of the Trustee.

         Section 13.13 Trustee's Compensation Not Prejudiced. Nothing in this
Article 13 shall apply to amounts due to the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.9.

         Section 13.14 Trust Moneys Not Subordinated. Notwithstanding anything
contained herein to the contrary, payments from money held in trust under
Article 4 by the Trustee for the payment of principal of, premium, if any, and
interest on the Securities shall not be subordinated to the prior payment of any
Senior Indebtedness of the Company or subject to the restrictions set forth in
this Article 13, and none of the Holders shall be obligated to pay over any such
amount to the Company or any holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company or any
other creditor of the Company.]

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

                                     ROBBINS & MYERS, INC.

                                     By: _______________________________________
                                         Name: _________________________________
                                         Title: ________________________________

                                     __________________________________________,
                                     __________________, TRUSTEE

                                     By: _______________________________________
                                         Name: _________________________________
                                         Title: ________________________________

                                      -51-

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