Document:

Indenture dated February 12, 2008

  
 Exhibit 4.6

 RADISYS CORPORATION 
 AS ISSUER 
 AND 

THE BANK OF NEW YORK TRUST COMPANY, N.A., 
 AS TRUSTEE 
 INDENTURE 

DATED AS OF FEBRUARY 12, 2008 
 DEBT SECURITIES 

  
 Reconciliation and tie
between 
 Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (the “Trust Indenture Act”) 

and Indenture 
  

					
	 Trust Indenture Act Section
	  	Indenture
Section	 
	 (S)310(a)(1)
	  	 	6.8	  
	 (a)(2)
	  	 	6.8	  
	 (b)
	  	 	6.9	  
	 (S)312(a)
	  	 	7.1	  
	 (b)
	  	 	7.2	  
	 (c)
	  	 	7.2	  
	 (S)313(a)
	  	 	7.3	  
	 (b)(2)
	  	 	7.3	  
	 (c)
	  	 	7.3	  
	 (d)
	  	 	7.3	  
	 (S)314(a)
	  	 	7.4	  
	 (c)(1)
	  	 	1.2	  
	 (c)(2)
	  	 	1.2	  
	 (e)
	  	 	1.2	  
	 (f)
	  	 	1.2	  
	 (S)316(a) (last sentence)
	  	 	1.1	  
	 (a)(1)(A)
	  	 	5.2, 5.12	  
	 (a)(1)(B)
	  	 	5.13	  
	 (b)
	  	 	5.8	  
	 (S)317(a)(1)
	  	 	5.3	  
	 (a)(2)
	  	 	5.4	  
	 (b)
	  	 	10.3	  
	 (S)318(a)
	  	 	1.8	  

 Note: This reconciliation and tie
shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture. 

  
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

  

							
	 	 	 	  	Page	 
	ARTICLE ONE	 	DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION	  	 	1	  
			
	 Section 1.1
	 	Definitions; Rules of Construction	  	 	1	  
	 Section 1.2
	 	Compliance Certificates and Opinions	  	 	9	  
	 Section 1.3
	 	Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee	  	 	10	  
	 Section 1.4
	 	Acts of Holders	  	 	10	  
	 Section 1.5
	 	Notices, etc. to Trustee and Company	  	 	12	  
	 Section 1.6
	 	Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver	  	 	12	  
	 Section 1.7
	 	Language of Notices	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.8
	 	Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act; Trust Indenture Act Controls	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.9
	 	Effect of Headings and Table of Contents	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.10
	 	Successors and Assigns	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.11
	 	Separability Clause	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.12
	 	Benefits of Indenture	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.13
	 	Governing Law	  	 	14	  
	 Section 1.14
	 	Legal Holidays	  	 	14	  
	 Section 1.15
	 	Counterparts	  	 	14	  
	 Section 1.16
	 	Judgment Currency	  	 	14	  
	 Section 1.17
	 	No Security Interest Created	  	 	15	  
	 Section 1.18
	 	Limitation on Individual Liability	  	 	15	  
			
	ARTICLE TWO	 	SECURITIES FORMS	  	 	15	  
			
	 Section 2.1
	 	Forms Generally	  	 	15	  
	 Section 2.2
	 	Form of Trustee’s and Security Registrar’s Certificate of Authentication	  	 	16	  
	 Section 2.3
	 	Securities in Global Form	  	 	16	  
			
	ARTICLE THREE	 	THE SECURITIES	  	 	17	  
			
	 Section 3.1
	 	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series	  	 	17	  
	 Section 3.2
	 	Currency; Denominations	  	 	20	  
	 Section 3.3
	 	Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating	  	 	20	  
	 Section 3.4
	 	Temporary Securities	  	 	21	  
	 Section 3.5
	 	Registration, Transfer and Exchange	  	 	22	  
	 Section 3.6
	 	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities	  	 	24	  
	 Section 3.7
	 	Payment of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts; Rights to Interest and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved	  	 	25	  
	 Section 3.8
	 	Persons Deemed Owners	  	 	26	  
	 Section 3.9
	 	Cancellation	  	 	27	  
	 Section 3.10
	 	Computation of Interest	  	 	27	  
	 Section 3.11
	 	CUSIP Numbers	  	 	27	  
			
	ARTICLE FOUR	 	SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE	  	 	27	  
			
	 Section 4.1
	 	Satisfaction and Discharge	  	 	27	  

  
 -i-

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

(Continued) 
  

  

							
	 	 	 	  	Page	 
	 Section 4.2
	 	Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance	  	 	28	  
	 Section 4.3
	 	Application of Trust Money	  	 	32	  
			
	ARTICLE FIVE	 	REMEDIES	  	 	32	  
			
	 Section 5.1
	 	Events of Default	  	 	32	  
	 Section 5.2
	 	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment	  	 	34	  
	 Section 5.3
	 	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee	  	 	34	  
	 Section 5.4
	 	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	  	 	35	  
	 Section 5.5
	 	Trustee May Enforce Claims without Possession of Securities	  	 	36	  
	 Section 5.6
	 	Application of Money Collected	  	 	36	  
	 Section 5.7
	 	Limitations on Suits	  	 	36	  
	 Section 5.8
	 	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts	  	 	37	  
	 Section 5.9
	 	Restoration of Rights and Remedies	  	 	37	  
	 Section 5.10
	 	Rights and Remedies Cumulative	  	 	37	  
	 Section 5.11
	 	Delay or Omission Not Waiver	  	 	38	  
	 Section 5.12
	 	Control by Holders of Securities	  	 	38	  
	 Section 5.13
	 	Waiver of Past Defaults	  	 	38	  
	 Section 5.14
	 	Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws	  	 	38	  
	 Section 5.15
	 	Undertaking for Costs	  	 	39	  
			
	ARTICLE SIX	 	THE TRUSTEE	  	 	39	  
			
	 Section 6.1
	 	Certain Duties and Responsibilities	  	 	39	  
	 Section 6.2
	 	Certain Rights of Trustee	  	 	39	  
	 Section 6.3
	 	Notice of Defaults	  	 	42	  
	 Section 6.4
	 	Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities	  	 	42	  
	 Section 6.5
	 	May Hold Securities	  	 	42	  
	 Section 6.6
	 	Money Held in Trust	  	 	42	  
	 Section 6.7
	 	Compensation and Reimbursement	  	 	43	  
	 Section 6.8
	 	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility	  	 	44	  
	 Section 6.9
	 	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor	  	 	44	  
	 Section 6.10
	 	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor	  	 	45	  
	 Section 6.11
	 	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business	  	 	46	  
	 Section 6.12
	 	Appointment of Authenticating Agent	  	 	47	  
			
	ARTICLE SEVEN	 	HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY	  	 	48	  
			
	 Section 7.1
	 	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders	  	 	48	  
	 Section 7.2
	 	Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders	  	 	49	  
	 Section 7.3
	 	Reports by Trustee	  	 	49	  
	 Section 7.4
	 	Reports by Company; Rule 144A Information	  	 	49	  
			
	ARTICLE EIGHT	 	CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALES	  	 	50	  

  
 -ii-

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

(Continued) 
  

  

							
	 	 	 	  	Page	 
	 Section 8.1
	 	Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms	  	 	50	  
	 Section 8.2
	 	Successor Person Substituted for Company	  	 	51	  
			
	ARTICLE NINE	 	SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	  	 	51	  
			
	 Section 9.1
	 	Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders	  	 	51	  
	 Section 9.2
	 	Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders	  	 	52	  
	 Section 9.3
	 	Execution of Supplemental Indentures	  	 	53	  
	 Section 9.4
	 	Effect of Supplemental Indentures	  	 	53	  
	 Section 9.5
	 	Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures	  	 	53	  
	 Section 9.6
	 	Conformity with Trust Indenture Act	  	 	54	  
	 Section 9.7
	 	Notice of Supplemental Indenture	  	 	54	  
			
	ARTICLE TEN	 	COVENANTS	  	 	54	  
			
	 Section 10.1
	 	Payment of Principal, any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts	  	 	54	  
	 Section 10.2
	 	Maintenance of Office or Agency	  	 	54	  
	 Section 10.3
	 	Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust	  	 	55	  
	 Section 10.4
	 	Additional Amounts	  	 	56	  
	 Section 10.5
	 	Corporate Existence	  	 	57	  
	 Section 10.6
	 	Waiver of Certain Covenants	  	 	57	  
	 Section 10.7
	 	Company Statement as to Compliance; Notice of Certain Defaults	  	 	58	  
	 Section 10.8
	 	Calculation of Original Issue Discount	  	 	58	  
			
	ARTICLE ELEVEN	 	REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES	  	 	58	  
			
	 Section 11.1
	 	Applicability of Article	  	 	58	  
	 Section 11.2
	 	Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee	  	 	58	  
	 Section 11.3
	 	Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed	  	 	58	  
	 Section 11.4
	 	Notice of Redemption	  	 	59	  
	 Section 11.5
	 	Deposit of Redemption Price	  	 	60	  
	 Section 11.6
	 	Securities Payable on Redemption Date	  	 	60	  
	 Section 11.7
	 	Securities Redeemed in Part	  	 	60	  
	 Section 11.8
	 	Repurchases on the Open Market	  	 	61	  
			
	ARTICLE TWELVE	 	SINKING FUNDS	  	 	61	  
			
	 Section 12.1
	 	Applicability of Article	  	 	61	  
	 Section 12.2
	 	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities	  	 	61	  
	 Section 12.3
	 	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund	  	 	62	  
			
	ARTICLE THIRTEEN	 	REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS	  	 	62	  
			
	 Section 13.1
	 	Applicability of Article	  	 	62	  
			
	ARTICLE FOURTEEN	 	SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES	  	 	62	  
			
	 Section 14.1
	 	Applicability of Article	  	 	62	  
			
	ARTICLE FIFTEEN	 	MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES	  	 	63	  

  
 -iii-

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

(Continued) 
  

  

							
	 	 	 	  	Page	 
	 Section 15.1
	 	Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called	  	 	63	  
	 Section 15.2
	 	Call, Notice and Place of Meetings	  	 	63	  
	 Section 15.3
	 	Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings	  	 	63	  
	 Section 15.4
	 	Quorum; Action	  	 	63	  
	 Section 15.5
	 	Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings	  	 	64	  
	 Section 15.6
	 	Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings	  	 	65	  

  
 -iv-

  
 INDENTURE dated as of
dated as of February 12, 2008 by and between RADISYS CORPORATION, a corporation existing under the laws of the State of Oregon, with offices at 5445 N.E. Dawson Creek Drive, Hillsboro, OR 97124 (the “Company”), and The Bank of New
York Trust Company, N.A., a national banking association, as trustee (the “Trustee”); and 
 RECITALS

 The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to
time of its debentures, notes or other evidences of Indebtedness (hereinafter called the “Securities”), unlimited as to principal amount, to bear such rates of interest, to mature at such time or times, to be issued in one or more series
and to have such other provisions as shall be fixed as hereinafter provided. 
 All things necessary to make this Indenture a
valid and legally binding agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done. 
 NOW, THEREFORE, THIS
INDENTURE WITNESSETH: 
 For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders (as herein
defined) thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of any series thereof as follows: 
 ARTICLE ONE 
 DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

 Section 1.1 Definitions; Rules of Construction. 

Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or unless the context otherwise requires, for all purposes of this
Indenture: 
 (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article, and include the plural as
well as the singular; 
 (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by
reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein; 
 (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the
meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the terms “generally accepted accounting principles” or “GAAP” with respect to any
computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles as are generally accepted at the date of such computation; 
 (4) the words “herein,” “hereof,” “hereto” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article,
Section or other subdivision; and 
 (5) the word “or” is always used inclusively (for example, the phrase “A or
B” means “A or B or both,” not “either A or B but not both”). 
 (6) provisions apply to successive
events and transactions; 
 (7) the masculine gender includes the feminine and the neuter; and 

  
 1 

  
 (8) references to
agreements and other instruments include subsequent amendments thereto. 
 Certain terms used principally in certain Articles
hereof are defined in those Articles. 
 “Act,” when used with respect to any Holders, has the meaning specified in
Section 1.4. 
 “Additional Amounts” means any additional amounts which are required by this Indenture or by any
Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes, assessments or other governmental charges imposed on Holders specified therein and which are owing to such Holders. 

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct
or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, 
 “control,” when used
with respect to any specified Person, means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling”
and “controlled” have the meanings correlative to the foregoing. 
 “Authenticating Agent” means any Person
authorized by the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.12 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of one or more series. 
 “Authorized Newspaper” means a newspaper, in an official language of the place of publication or in the English language, customarily published on each day that is a Business Day in the place of
publication, whether or not published on days that are Legal Holidays in the place of publication, and of general circulation in each place in connection with which the term is used or in the financial community of each such place. Where successive
publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any day that is a Business Day in
the place of publication. 
 “Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company or any committee of that
board duly authorized to act generally or in any particular respect for the Company hereunder. 
 “Board Resolution”
means a copy of one or more resolutions (which may be standing resolutions), certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of
such certification, delivered to the Trustee. 
 “Business Day,” with respect to any Place of Payment or other
location (in all events, including the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York), means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking
institutions in such Place of Payment or other location are authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to close. 
 “Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act. 

  
 2 

  
 “Common
Stock” includes any stock of any class of the Company which has no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. 

“Company” means the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person
shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person, and any other obligor upon the Securities. 

“Company Request” and “Company Order” mean, respectively, a written request or order, as the case may be, signed in
the name of the Company by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, a Vice Chairman, the President , a Vice President, the Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer or other person authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company, and delivered
to the Trustee. 
 “Conversion Event” means the cessation of use of a Foreign Currency both by the government of the
country or the confederation which issued such Foreign Currency and for the settlement of transactions by a central bank or other public institutions of or within the international banking community or any currency unit or composite currency for the
purposes for which it was established. 
 “Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which at any
particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally administered, which office at the date hereof is located at The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., 700 South Flower Street, Suite 500, Los Angeles, CA 90017, Attention: Corporate
Trust Administration, except that with respect to presentation of the Notes for payment or for registration of transfer or exchange, such term shall mean any office or agency of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate agency
business shall be conducted. 
 “Corporation” includes corporations and limited liability companies and, except for
purposes of Article Eight, associations, companies (other than limited liability companies) and business trusts. 

“Currency,” with respect to any payment, deposit or other transfer in respect of the principal of or any premium or interest on
or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security, means Dollars or the Foreign Currency, as the case may be, in which such payment, deposit or other transfer is required to be made by or pursuant to the terms hereof or such Security and, with
respect to any other payment, deposit or transfer pursuant to or contemplated by the terms hereof or such Security, means Dollars. 
 “CUSIP number” means the alphanumeric designation assigned to a Security by Standard & Poor’s Corporation, CUSIP Service Bureau. 

“Defaulted Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 3.7. 

“Dollars” or “$” means a dollar or other equivalent unit of legal tender for payment of public or private debts in
the United States of America. 
 “Event of Default” has the meaning specified in Section 5.1. 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor thereto, in each case as amended from
time to time. 

  
 3 

  
 “Foreign
Currency” means any currency, currency unit or composite currency, including, without limitation, the euro, issued by the government of one or more countries other than the United States of America or by any recognized confederation or
association of such governments. 
 “GAAP” means such accounting principles as are generally accepted in the United
States of America as of the date or time of any computation required hereunder. 
 “Government Obligations” means
securities which are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America or the other government or governments in the confederation which issued the Foreign Currency in which the principal of or any premium or interest on any Security or
any Additional Amounts in respect thereof shall be payable, in each case where the payment or payments thereunder are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States or such government or governments or (ii) obligations of a Person
controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America or such other government or governments, in each case where the timely payment or payments thereunder are unconditionally guaranteed as a full
faith and credit obligation by the United States of America or such other government or governments, and which, in the case of (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer or issuers thereof, and shall also include a
depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of or other amount with respect to any such Government Obligation held by such
custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount
received by the custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of or other amount with respect to the Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt. 

“Holder,” in the case of any Registered Security, means the Person in whose name such Security is registered in the Security
Register. 
 “Indebtedness” of any Person means: 

(1) any indebtedness of such Person (i) for borrowed money or (ii) evidenced by a note, debenture or similar instrument
(including a purchase money obligation) given in connection with the acquisition of any property or assets, including securities; 
 (2) any guarantee by such Person of any indebtedness of others described in the preceding clause (1); and 
 (3) any amendment, renewal, extension or refunding of any such indebtedness or guarantee. 
 “Indenture” means this instrument as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof
and, with respect to any Security, by the terms and provisions of such Security established pursuant to Section 3.1 (as such terms and provisions may be amended pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof); provided, however, that, if at any
time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under this instrument, “Indenture” shall mean, with respect to any one or more series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as it may from
time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental 

  
 4 

 
hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and shall include the terms of those particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established pursuant to
Section 3.1, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of Securities for which such Person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted. 

“Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” means a firm of accountants that, with respect to the Company and any other
obligor under the Securities, is an independent registered public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder, who may be the independent
registered public accounting firm regularly retained by the Company or who may be another independent registered public accounting firm. Such firm shall be entitled to rely upon any Opinion of Counsel as to the interpretation of any legal matters
relating to this Indenture or certificates required to be provided hereunder. 
 “Indexed Security” means a Security
the terms of which provide that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the principal face amount thereof at original issuance. 
 “interest,” means any interest specified in any Security as being payable with respect to that Security and, with respect to any Original Issue Discount Security which by its terms bears
interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity and, when used with respect to a Security which provides for the payment of Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 10.4, includes such Additional Amounts. 

“Interest Payment Date,” with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such
Security. 
 “Judgment Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 1.16. 

“Legal Holidays” has the meaning specified in Section 1.14. 

“Lien” means any mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest, or other similar encumbrance. 

“Material Subsidiary” means, at any relevant time, any Subsidiary that meets any of the following conditions: 

(1) the Company’s and its other Subsidiaries’ investments in and advances to the Subsidiary exceed 10% of the total consolidated
assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries; or 
 (2) the Company’s and its other Subsidiaries’ proportionate share of
the total assets (after intercompany eliminations) of the Subsidiary exceeds 10% of the total consolidated assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries; or 
 (3) the Company’s and its other Subsidiaries’ proportionate share of the total revenues (after intercompany eliminations) of the Subsidiary exceeds 10% of the total consolidated revenue of the
Company and its Subsidiaries; or 
 (4) the Company’s and its other Subsidiaries’ equity in the income from continuing
operations before income taxes, extraordinary items and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of the Subsidiary exceeds 10% of such income of the Company and its Subsidiaries; all as calculated by reference to the then latest fiscal
year-end accounts (or consolidated fiscal year-end accounts, as the case may be) of such Subsidiary and the then latest audited consolidated fiscal year-end accounts of the Company and its Subsidiaries. 

  
 5 

  
 “Maturity,”
with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of
acceleration, notice of redemption or repurchase, notice of option to elect repayment or otherwise, and includes the Redemption Date. 
 “Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. 
 “New
York Banking Day” has the meaning specified in Section 1.16. 
 “Office” or “Agency,” with respect
to any Securities, means an office or agency of the Company maintained or designated in a Place of Payment for such Securities pursuant to Section 10.2 or any other office or agency of the Company maintained or designated for such Securities
pursuant to Section 10.2 or, to the extent designated or required by Section 10.2 in lieu of such office or agency, the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. 
 “Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by the Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman, the President or a Vice President, the Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer or other person
authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company, that, if applicable, complies with the requirements of Section 3.14(e) of the Trust Indenture Act and is delivered to the Trustee. 

“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee. 
 “Original Issue Discount Security” means a Security issued pursuant to this Indenture
which provides, at any time prior to the final Stated Maturity of such Security, for declaration of an amount less than the principal face amount thereof to be due and payable upon acceleration pursuant to Section 5.2. 

“Outstanding,” when used with respect to any Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all such Securities
theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except: 
 (a) any such Security theretofore cancelled by the
Trustee or the Security Registrar or accepted by the Trustee or the Security Registrar for cancellation; 
 (b) any such
Security for whose payment at the Maturity thereof money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited pursuant hereto (other than pursuant to Section 4.2) with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set
aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities, provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this
Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; 
 (c) any such Security with respect to which the
Company has effected defeasance or covenant defeasance pursuant to the terms hereof, except to the extent provided in Section 4.2; 
 (d) any such Security which has been paid pursuant to Section 3.6 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this

  
 6 

 
Indenture, unless there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Security is held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Security is a valid obligation of
the Company; and 
 (e) any such Security converted or exchanged as contemplated by this Indenture into Common Stock or other
securities, cash or other property, if the terms of such Security provide for such conversion or exchange pursuant to Section 3.1; 
 provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver
hereunder or are present at a meeting of Holders of Securities for quorum purposes, (i) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that may be counted in making such determination and that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for
such purposes shall be equal to the amount of the principal thereof that pursuant to the terms of such Original Issue Discount Security would be declared (or shall have been declared to be) due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration thereof
pursuant to Section 5.2 at the time of such determination, and (ii) the principal amount of any Indexed Security that may be counted in making such determination and that shall be deemed outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the
principal face amount of such Indexed Security at original issuance, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, and (iii) the principal amount of a Security denominated in a Foreign Currency shall be the Dollar equivalent,
determined on the date of original issuance of such Security, of the principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the Dollar equivalent on the date of original issuance of such Security of the amount determined as
provided in (i) above) of such Security, and (iv) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor, shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except
that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in making any such determination or relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee
actually knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which shall have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of a Responsible Officer of the Trustee (A) the
pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and (B) that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or an Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor. 

“Paying Agent” means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the principal of, or any premium or interest on, or any
Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security on behalf of the Company. 
 “Person” means any individual,
corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. 
 “Place of Payment,” with respect to any Security, means the place or places where the principal of, or any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Security are
payable as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security. 
 “Predecessor Security” of any particular
Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same Indebtedness as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.6 in
exchange for or in lieu of a lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same Indebtedness as the lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen Security. 

  
 7 

  
 “Redemption
Date,” with respect to any Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, means each date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security. 
 “Redemption Price,” with respect to any Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed including, if applicable, accrued and unpaid interest and
Additional Amounts as determined by or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security. 
 “Registered Security” means any
Security established pursuant to Section 2.1 which is registered in the Security Register. 
 “Regular Record
Date” for the interest payable on any Registered Security on any Interest Payment Date therefor means the date, if any, specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security as the “Regular Record Date”. 

“Required Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 1.16. 

“Responsible Officer” means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee with direct responsibility
for the administration of this Indenture, and also, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer of the Trustee to whom such matter is referred because of such officer’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular
subject. 
 “S&P” means Standard & Poor’s, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 

“Security” or “Securities” means any note or notes, bond or bonds, debenture or debentures, or any other evidences of
Indebtedness, as the case may be, authenticated and delivered under this Indenture; provided, however, that, if at any time there is more than one Person acting as Trustee under this Indenture, “Securities,” with respect to any such
Person, shall mean Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, exclusive, however, of Securities of any series as to which such Person is not Trustee. 
 “Security Register,” “Security Registrar” and “Registrar” have the respective meanings specified in Section 3.5. 

“Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Registered Security means a date fixed by the Trustee
pursuant to Section 3.7. 
 “Stated Maturity,” with respect to any Security or any installment of principal
thereof or interest thereon or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto, means the date established by or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or
interest is, or such Additional Amounts are, due and payable. 
 “Subsidiary” means any corporation, association,
limited liability company, partnership or other business entity of which a majority of the total voting power of the capital stock or other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without regard to the incurrence of a contingency) to
vote in the election of directors, managers, or trustees thereof is at the time owned, directly or indirectly, by (i) the Company, (ii) the Company and one or more of its Subsidiaries or (iii) one or more Subsidiaries of the Company.

  
 8 

  
 “Trust Indenture
Act” or “TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and any reference herein to the Trust Indenture Act or a particular provision thereof shall mean such Act or provision, as the case may be, as amended or replaced from
time to time or as supplemented from time to time by rules or regulations adopted by the Commission under or in furtherance of the purposes of such Act or provision, as the case may be. 

“Trustee” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee
shall have become such with respect to one or more series of Securities pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder; provided, however, that if at
any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” shall mean each such Person and as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. 

“United States,” except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security, means the United States of
America (including the states thereof and the District of Columbia), its territories and possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction. 
 “United States Alien,” except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security, means any Person who, for United States Federal income tax purposes, is a foreign
corporation, a non-resident alien individual, a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust, or a foreign partnership one or more of the members of which is, for United States Federal income tax purposes, a foreign corporation, a
non-resident alien individual or a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust. 
 “U.S. Depository” or
“Depository” means, with respect to any Security issuable or issued in the form of one or more global Securities, the Person designated as U.S. Depository or Depository by the Company in or pursuant to this Indenture, which Person must be,
to the extent required by applicable law or regulation, a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and, if so provided with respect to any Security, any successor to such Person. If at any time there is more than one such Person, “U.S.
Depository” or “Depository” shall mean, with respect to any Securities, the qualifying entity which has been appointed with respect to such Securities. 
 “Vice President,” when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title
“Vice President”. 
 “Voting Stock” means stock of a Corporation of the class or classes having general
voting power under ordinary circumstances to elect at least a majority of the board of directors, managers or trustees of such Corporation provided that, for the purposes hereof, stock which carries only the right to vote conditionally on the
happening of an event shall not be considered voting stock whether or not such event shall have happened. 
 Section 1.2
Compliance Certificates and Opinions. 
 Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, upon any
application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this
Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application
or request as to which the furnishing of such documents or any of them is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.

  
 9 

  
 Every certificate or
opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include: 
 (1)
a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such condition or covenant and the definitions herein relating thereto; 
 (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; 

(3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him
to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such condition or covenant has been complied with; and 
 (4) a statement as
to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with. 
 Section 1.3
Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee. 
 In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by
an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give
an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents. 

Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel,
unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the opinion with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates
to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company unless such counsel knows, or in
the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous. 
 Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture or any Security, they may,
but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument. 
 Section 1.4 Acts of Holders. 

(1) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by or pursuant to this Indenture to be
given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such
action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are
herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments or so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such

  
 10 

 
agent, or of the holding by any Person of a Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 3.15 of the Trust Indenture Act) conclusive in favor of
the Trustee and the Company and any agent of the Trustee or the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section. The record of any meeting of Holders of Securities shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 15.6. 

Without limiting the generality of this Section 1.4, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, a Holder, including
a U.S. Depository that is a Holder of a global Security, may make, give or take, by a proxy or proxies, duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture or the Securities to be made, given or taken by Holders, and a U.S. Depository that is a Holder of a global Security may provide its proxy or proxies to the beneficial owners of interests in any such global Security through such U.S.
Depository’s standing instructions and customary practices. 
 The Trustee shall fix a record date for the purpose of
determining the Persons who are beneficial owners of interest in any permanent global Security held by a U.S. Depository entitled under the procedures of such U.S. Depository to make, give or take, by a proxy or proxies duly appointed in writing,
any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided in or pursuant to this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders. If such a record date is fixed, the Holders on such record date or their duly
appointed proxy or proxies, and only such Persons, shall be entitled to make, give or take such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date. No
such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act shall be valid or effective if made, given or taken more than 90 days after such record date. 

(2) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing referred to in this Section 1.4 may be proved
in any reasonable manner which the Trustee deems sufficient and in accordance with such reasonable rules as the Trustee may determine; and the Trustee may in any instance require further proof with respect to any of the matters referred to in this
Section. 
 (3) The ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of Registered Securities held by any Person, and the date of
the commencement and the date of the termination of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security Register. 
 (4) If the
Company shall solicit from the Holders of any Registered Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may at its option (but is not obligated to), by Board Resolution, fix in advance a
record date for the determination of Holders of Registered Securities entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the Holders of Registered Securities of record at the close of business on such record date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purpose of
determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding
Securities shall be computed as of such record date; provided that no such authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders of Registered Securities shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this
Indenture not later than six months after the record date. 

  
 11 

  
 (5) Any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act by the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange
therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done or suffered to be done by the Trustee, any Security Registrar, any Paying Agent or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such Act is made upon such Security. 

Section 1.5 Notices, etc. to Trustee and Company. 
 Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed
with, 
 (1) the Trustee by any Holder or the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished
or filed in writing (which may be via facsimile) to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office; 
 (2) the Company by the
Trustee or any Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to the attention of its Treasurer (with a copy to the
Chief Financial Officer) at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company; or 

(3) the Trustee agrees to accept and act upon facsimile transmission of written instructions or directions pursuant to this Indenture
given by the Company, provided, however that: (i) the Company subsequent to such facsimile transmission of written instructions or directions, shall provide the originally executed instructions to the Trustee in a timely manner, and
(ii) such originally executed instructions or directions shall be signed by an authorized Officer of the Company. 

Section 1.6 Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver. 
 Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of Securities of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given to Holders
of Registered Securities if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of a Registered Security affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier
than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders of Registered Securities is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular
Holder of a Registered Security shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Registered Securities given as provided herein. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to
have been duly given or provided. In the case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the
Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder. 

  
 12 

  
 Where this Indenture
provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders of
Securities shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver. 
 Section 1.7 Language of Notices. 
 Any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, election or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language, except that, if the Company so elects, any published notice may be in an official language of the country of publication
(with a copy in English to be provided to the Trustee). 
 Section 1.8 Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture
Act; Trust Indenture Act Controls. 
 (a) If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties that would be
imposed by any of Sections 310 to 317 of the TIA through operation of Section 318(c) thereof on any person if this Indenture were qualified under the TIA, such imposed duties shall control. 

“obligor” on the indenture securities means the Company and any other obligor on the indenture securities. 

All other TIA terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined in the TIA by reference to another statute or defined by
SEC Rule have the meanings assigned to them by such definitions. 
 (b) If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or
conflicts with another provision which is required to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, the provision required by the TIA shall control. 
 Section 1.9 Effect of Headings and Table of Contents. 
 The Article and
Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof. 

Section 1.10 Successors and Assigns. 
 All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not. 
 Section 1.11 Separability Clause. 
 In case any provision in this
Indenture or any Security shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. 

Section 1.12 Benefits of Indenture. 
 Nothing in this Indenture or any Security, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto, any Security Registrar, any Paying Agent, any Authentication Agent and their
successors hereunder and the Holders of Securities, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture. 

  
 13 

  
 Section 1.13
Governing Law. 
 This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the
State of New York applicable to agreements made or instruments entered into and, in each case, performed in said state. 

Section 1.14 Legal Holidays. 
 Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Securities, in any case where any Interest Payment Date, Stated Maturity or Maturity of any Security, or the last date on which a Holder
has the right to convert or exchange Securities of a series that are convertible or exchangeable, shall not be a Business Day (a “Legal Holiday”) at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any
Security other than a provision in any Security that specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu hereof) payment need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, and such Securities need not be converted or exchanged on such
date but such payment may be made, and such Securities may be converted or exchanged, on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or at the Stated
Maturity or Maturity or on such last day for conversion or exchange, and no interest shall accrue on the amount payable on such date or at such time for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Stated Maturity, Maturity or last day for
conversion or exchange, as the case may be, to the next succeeding Business Day. 
 Section 1.15 Counterparts.

 This Indenture may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be an original and all of which shall constitute
but one and the same instrument. 
 Section 1.16 Judgment Currency. 

The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of
obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of, or premium or interest, if any, or Additional Amounts on the Securities of any series (the “Required Currency”) into a currency in which
a judgment will be rendered (the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the requisite amount of the
Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which a final unappealable judgment is given and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not
be discharged or satisfied by any tender, or any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with clause (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall
result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering
in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due
under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, “New York Banking Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York or a day on which banking institutions in The City of New York are authorized or
obligated by law, regulation or executive order to be closed. 

  
 14 

  
 Section 1.17
No Security Interest Created. 
 Nothing in this Indenture or in any Securities, express or implied, shall be construed to
constitute a security interest under the Uniform Commercial Code or similar legislation, as now or hereafter enacted and in effect in any jurisdiction where property of the Company or its Subsidiaries is or may be located. 

Section 1.18 Limitation on Individual Liability. 
 No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or in any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any
incorporator, shareholder, officer or director, as such, past, present or future, of the Company, either directly or through the Company, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or
penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the
incorporators, shareholders, officers or directors, as such, of the Company, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture
or in any Security or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such
incorporator, shareholder, officer or director, as such, because of the creation of the Indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any Security or implied
therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Security. 
 ARTICLE TWO 
 SECURITIES FORMS 

Section 2.1 Forms Generally. 
 Each Registered Security and temporary or permanent global Security issued pursuant to this Indenture shall be in the form established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution and set forth in an
Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, shall have such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by or pursuant to this Indenture or any
indenture supplemental hereto and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Security as evidenced by
their execution of such Security. 
 Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Securities, the
Securities shall be issuable in registered form without coupons and shall not be issuable upon the exercise of warrants. 

Definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods on a steel engraved
border or steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the officers of the Company executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities. 

  
 15 

  
 Section 2.2
Form of Trustee’s and Security Registrar’s Certificate of Authentication. 
 Subject to Section 6.12, the
Trustee’s and Security Registrar’s certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following form: 
 This
is one of the Certificates described in the within-mentioned Indenture. 
  

			
	  
	 	, as Trustee
	By	 	
		
	Authorized Signatory	 	
	Dated:	 	

 Section 2.3 Securities in Global Form. 

Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Securities, the Securities shall be issuable in permanent global form.
If Securities of a series shall be issuable in global form, any such Security may provide that it or any number of such Securities shall represent the aggregate amount of all Outstanding Securities of such series (or such lesser amount as is
permitted by the terms thereof) from time to time endorsed thereon and may also provide that the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time to time be increased or reduced to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of
any Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, or changes in the rights of Holders, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby shall be made in such manner and by such Person or Persons as shall be
specified therein or in the Company Order to be delivered pursuant to Section 3.3 or Section 3.4 with respect thereto. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3 and, if applicable, Section 3.4, the Trustee shall deliver and
redeliver any Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the applicable Company Order. If a Company Order pursuant to Section 3.3 or Section 3.4 has been, or
simultaneously is, delivered, any instructions by the Company with respect to a Security in global form shall be in writing but need not be accompanied by or contained in an Officers’ Certificate and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of
Counsel. 
 Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.7, unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or
any Securities, payment of principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, any Security in temporary or permanent global form shall be made to the Person or Persons specified therein. 

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.8 and except as provided in the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any
agent of the Company and the Trustee shall treat as the Holder of such principal amount of Outstanding Securities as is represented by a global Security in the case of a global Security in registered form, the Holder of such global Security in
registered form. 
 Each global Security shall bear a legend in substantially the following form (unless otherwise specified by
the Depositary.): 
 “THIS DEBT SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO
AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS DEBT SECURITY MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED TO, OR REGISTERED OR EXCHANGED FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF, ANY PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE THEREOF AND NO
SUCH TRANSFER MAY BE REGISTERED, EXCEPT IN 

  
 16 

 
THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE. EVERY DEBT SECURITY AUTHENTICATED AND DELIVERED UPON REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER OF, OR IN EXCHANGE FOR OR IN LIEU OF, THIS DEBT SECURITY SHALL
BE A GLOBAL SECURITY SUBJECT TO THE FOREGOING, EXCEPT IN SUCH LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES.” 
 ARTICLE THREE 

THE SECURITIES 
 Section 3.1 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series. 
 The aggregate
principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series. With respect to any Securities to be authenticated and delivered hereunder, there shall be
established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, 
 (1) the title of such Securities and the series, including CUSIP numbers in which such Securities shall be included; 
 (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such title or the Securities of such series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities
authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of such series pursuant to Section 3.4, Section 3.5, Section 3.6, Section 9.5 or Section 11.7, upon repayment
in part of any Registered Security of such series pursuant to Article Thirteen or upon surrender in part of any Registered Security for conversion or exchange into Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property pursuant to its terms, or
pursuant to the terms of such Securities); 
 (3) if any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form, when any of such
Securities are to be issuable in global form and (i) whether such Securities are to be issued in temporary or permanent global form or both, (ii) whether beneficial owners of interests in any such global Security may exchange such
interests for Securities of the same series and of like tenor and of any authorized form and denomination, and the circumstances under which any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner specified in Section 3.5, and (iii) the
name of the Depository or the U.S. Depository, as the case may be, with respect to any global Security; 
 (4) the date as of
which any global Security shall be dated (if other than the date of original issuance of the first of such Securities to be issued); 
 (5) the date or dates, or the method or methods, if any, by which such date or dates shall be determined, on which the principal and premium, if any, of such Securities is payable; 

(6) the rate or rates at which such Securities shall bear interest, if any, or the method or methods, if any, by which such rate or rates
are to be determined, the date or dates, if any, from which such interest shall accrue or the method or methods, if any, by which such date or dates are to be determined, the Interest Payment Dates, if any, on which such interest shall be payable
and the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on Registered Securities on any Interest Payment Date, whether and under what circumstances Additional Amounts on such Securities or any of them shall be payable, the notice, if any, to
Holders regarding the 

  
 17 

 
determination of interest on a floating rate Security and the manner of giving such notice, and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve
30- day months; 
 (7) if in addition to or other than the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, the place or places where
the principal of, any premium and interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities shall be payable, any of such Securities that are Registered Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, any of such
Securities may be surrendered for conversion or exchange and notices or demands to or upon the Company in respect of such Securities and this Indenture may be served, the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payment or Additional
Amounts on a global Security on an Interest Payment Date, will be paid and the manner in which any principal of or premium, if any, on any global Security will be paid; 
 (8) whether any of such Securities are to be redeemable at the option of the Company and, if so, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the other
terms and conditions upon which such Securities may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company; 
 (9)
whether the Company is obligated to redeem or purchase any of such Securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or at the option of any Holder thereof and, if so, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, the
price or prices at which and the other terms and conditions upon which such Securities shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and any provisions for the remarketing of such Securities so redeemed or
purchased; 
 (10) the denominations in which any of such Securities that are Registered Securities shall be issuable if other
than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof; 
 (11) whether the Securities of the series will be convertible
into shares of Common Stock and/or exchangeable for other securities, cash or other property of the Company or of any other Person, and if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, and any
deletions from or modifications or additions to this Indenture to permit or to facilitate the issuance of such convertible or exchangeable Securities or the administration thereof; 

(12) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of any of such Securities that shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2 or the method by which such portion is to be determined; 
 (13) if other than Dollars, the Foreign Currency in which payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any of such Securities shall be payable;

 (14) if the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any of such Securities are to
be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in Dollars or in a Foreign Currency other than that in which such Securities are stated to be payable, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, and
the other terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made, and the time and manner of determining the exchange rate between the Currency in which such Securities are stated to be payable and the Currency in which such Securities or any of
them are to be paid pursuant to such 

  
 18 

 
election, and any deletions from or modifications of or additions to the terms of this Indenture to provide for or to facilitate the issuance of Securities denominated or payable, at the election
of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in a Foreign Currency; 
 (15) whether the amount of payments of principal of,
any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities may be determined with reference to an index, formula, financial or economic measure or other method or methods (which index, formula, measure or method or methods
may be based, without limitation, on one or more Currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices), and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which and the manner in which such amounts shall be determined and paid or be payable; 

(16) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or covenants of the Company with respect to any of such
Securities, whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with the Events of Default or covenants set forth herein; 
 (17) whether either or both of Section 4.2(2) relating to defeasance or Section 4.2(3) relating to covenant defeasance shall not be applicable to the Securities of such series, or any covenants
in addition to those specified in Section 4.2(3) relating to the Securities of such series which shall be subject to covenant defeasance, and, if the Securities of such series are subject to repurchase or repayment at the option of the Holders
thereof, whether the Company’s obligation to repurchase or repay such Securities will be subject to defeasance or covenant defeasance, and any deletions from, or modifications or additions to, the provisions of Article Four in respect of the
Securities of such series; 
 (18) whether any of such Securities are to be issuable upon the exercise of warrants, and the
time, manner and place for such Securities to be authenticated and delivered; 
 (19) if any of such Securities are to be
issuable in global form and are to be issuable in definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary Security) only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions, then the form
and terms of such certificates, documents or conditions; 
 (20) if there is more than one Trustee or a Trustee other than The
Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., the identity of the Trustee and, if not the Trustee, the identity of each Security Registrar, Paying Agent or Authenticating Agent with respect to such Securities; 

(21) whether the Securities are senior or subordinated debt securities, and if subordinated debt securities, the terms of such
subordination. 
 (22) any other terms of such Securities and any deletions from or modifications or additions to this Indenture
in respect of such Securities. All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided by the Company in or pursuant to the Board Resolution and set forth in the
Officers’ Certificate or in any indenture or indentures supplemental hereto pertaining to such series of Securities. The terms of the Securities of any series may provide, without limitation, that the Securities shall be authenticated and
delivered by the Trustee on original issue from time to time upon telephonic or written order of persons designated in the Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture (telephonic instructions to be promptly confirmed in writing by such
person) and that such persons are authorized to determine, consistent with such Officers’ Certificate or any applicable supplemental indenture, such terms and conditions of the Securities of such series as are specified in such Officers’
Certificate or supplemental indenture. All Securities of any one series 

  
 19 

 
need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise so provided by the Company, a series may be reopened for issuances of additional Securities of such series or to establish additional
terms of such series of Securities. If any of the terms of the Securities of any series shall be established by action taken by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, the Board Resolution shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of
the Officers’ Certificate setting forth the terms of such series. 
 Section 3.2 Currency; Denominations.

 Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security, the principal of, any premium and interest on and
any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities shall be payable in Dollars. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, Registered Securities denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in registered form without coupons in
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. Securities not denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in such denominations as are established with respect to such Securities in or pursuant to this Indenture. 

Section 3.3 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating. 

Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, one of its Vice Chairmen, its President, its
Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, one of its Vice Presidents or other person authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile. 

Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind
the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities. 

At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities, executed by the
Company, to the Trustee for authentication and, provided that the Board Resolution and Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture or indentures with respect to such Securities referred to in Section 3.1 and a Company Order for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities have been delivered to the Trustee, the Trustee in accordance with the Company Order and subject to the provisions hereof and of such Securities shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. In
authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be provided with, and (subject to Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of the Trust Indenture Act) shall
be fully protected in relying upon, 
 (1) an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that: 

(a) the form or forms and terms of such Securities have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; 

(b) all conditions precedent to the authentication and delivery of such Securities have been complied with and that such Securities, when
completed by appropriate insertions, executed under the Company’s corporate seal and attested by duly authorized officers of the Company, delivered by duly authorized officers of the Company to the Trustee for authentication pursuant to this
Indenture, and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute legally valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable
against the Company in 

  
 20 

 
accordance with their terms, except as enforcement thereof may be subject to or limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, arrangement, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent
transfer or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally, and subject to general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding in equity or at law) and will entitle the Holders
thereof to the benefits of this Indenture; such Opinion of Counsel need express no opinion as to the availability of equitable remedies; 
 (c) all laws and requirements in respect of the execution and delivery by the Company of such Securities have been complied with; 
 and, to the extent that this Indenture is required to be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act in connection with the issuance of such Securities, to the further effect that: 

(d) this Indenture has been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act; and 

(2) an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent to the execution, authentication and delivery of such Securities
have been complied with and that, to the best knowledge of the Persons executing such certificate, no event which is, or after notice or lapse of time would become, an Event of Default with respect to any of the Securities shall have occurred and be
continuing. 
 The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate or to cause an Authenticating Agent to authenticate any
Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee
or if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken. 
 Each Registered Security
shall be dated the date of its authentication. 
 No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid
or obligatory for any purpose, unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for in Section 2.2 or Section 6.12 executed by or on behalf of the Trustee or by the Authenticating
Agent by the manual or facsimile signature of one of its authorized officers. Such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. 

Section 3.4 Temporary Securities. 
 Pending the preparation of definitive Securities, the Company may execute and deliver to the Trustee and, upon Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the manner provided in
Section 3.3, temporary Securities in lieu thereof which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they
are issued, in registered form and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers of the Company executing such Securities may determine, as conclusively evidenced by their execution of such
Securities. Such temporary Securities may be in global form. 
 Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form, which
shall be exchanged in accordance with the provisions thereof, if temporary Securities are issued, the Company shall cause definitive Securities to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of the same
series and containing terms and provisions that are identical to 

  
 21 

 
those of any temporary Securities, such temporary Securities shall be exchangeable for such definitive Securities upon surrender of such temporary Securities at an Office or Agency for such
Securities, without charge to any Holder thereof. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of
definitive Securities of authorized denominations of the same series and containing identical terms and provisions. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture with respect to a temporary global Security, until so exchanged the
temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series. 
 Section 3.5 Registration, Transfer and Exchange. 
 With respect to the
Registered Securities of each series, if any, the Company shall cause to be kept a register (each such register being herein sometimes referred to as the “Security Register”) at an Office or Agency for such series in which, subject to such
reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of the Registered Securities of such series and of transfers of the Registered Securities of such series. 

Such Office or Agency shall be the “Security Registrar” or “Registrar” for that series of Securities. Unless
otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities, the Trustee shall be the initial Security Registrar for each series of Securities. The Company shall have the right to remove and replace from time to time the Security
Registrar for any series of Securities; provided that no such removal or replacement shall be effective until a successor Security Registrar with respect to such series of Securities shall have been appointed by the Company and shall have accepted
such appointment by the Company. In the event that the Trustee shall not be or shall cease to be Security Registrar with respect to a series of Securities, it shall have the right to examine the Security Register for such series at all reasonable
times. There shall be only one Security Register for each series of Securities. 
 Upon surrender for registration of transfer
of any Registered Security of any series at any Office or Agency for such series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Registered
Securities of the same series denominated as authorized in or pursuant to this Indenture, of a like aggregate principal amount bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding and containing identical terms and provisions. 

At the option of the Holder, Registered Securities of any series may be exchanged for other Registered Securities of the same series
containing identical terms and provisions, in any authorized denominations, and of a like aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at any Office or Agency for such series. Whenever any Registered Securities are so
surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Registered Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. 

A global Security may not be transferred as a whole except by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary, by a nominee of the
Depositary to the Depositary or to another nominee of the Depositary, or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such successor Depositary. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise provided in or
pursuant to this Indenture, any global Security shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities only if (i) the Depository is at any time unwilling, unable or ineligible to continue as 

  
 22 

 
Depository and a successor depository is not appointed by the Company within 90 days of the date the Company is so informed in writing, (ii) the Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency
registered under the Exchange Act of 1934, (iii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee a Company Order to the effect that such global Security shall be so exchangeable or (iv) an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing
with respect to the Securities. If the beneficial owners of interests in a global Security are entitled to exchange such interests for definitive Securities as the result of an event described in clause (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) of the
preceding sentence, then without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the earliest date on which such interests may be so exchanged, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee definitive Securities in such form and denominations as are
required by or pursuant to this Indenture, and of the same series, containing identical terms and in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such global Security, executed by the Company. On or after the earliest date on which
such interests may be so exchanged, such global Security shall be surrendered from time to time by the U.S. Depository or such other Depository as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto, and in accordance with instructions
given to the Trustee and the U.S. Depository or such other Depository, as the case may be (which instructions shall be in writing but need not be contained in or accompanied by an Officers’ Certificate or be accompanied by an Opinion of
Counsel), as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, as the Company’s agent for such purpose, to be exchanged, in whole or in part, for definitive Securities as described above without charge. The Trustee
shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in exchange for each portion of such surrendered global Security, a like aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor as the
portion of such global Security to be exchanged; provided, however, that no such exchanges may occur during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any selection of Securities of the same series to be redeemed and ending on the
relevant Redemption Date. Promptly following any such exchange in part, such global Security shall be returned by the Trustee to such Depository or the U.S. Depository, as the case may be, or such other Depository or U.S. Depository referred to
above in accordance with the instructions of the Company referred to above. If a Registered portion of a global Security after the close of business at the Office or Agency for such Security where such exchange occurs on or after (i) any
Regular Record Date for such Security and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the next Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date for such Security and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency
on the related proposed date for payment of interest or Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, interest shall not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Registered Security, but
shall be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, only to the Person to whom interest in respect of such portion of such global Security shall be payable in accordance with the provisions of this
Indenture. 
 All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid and legally
binding obligations of the Company evidencing the same debt and entitling the Holders thereof to the same benefits under this Indenture as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange. 

Every Registered Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange or redemption shall (if so required by
the Company or the Security Registrar for such Security) be duly endorsed, signature guaranteed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar for such Security duly executed by
the Holder thereof, signature guaranteed, or his attorney duly authorized in writing. 

  
 23 

  
 No service charge
shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange, or redemption of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge and any other expenses (including fees and expenses of the
Trustee) that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Sections 3.4, 3.6 and 11.7 not involving any transfer. 

Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, the Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer
of or exchange any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of selection of Securities of like tenor and the same series under Section 11.3 for redemption and ending at the close of business on the
day of such selection, (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Registered Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except in the case of any Security to be redeemed in part, the portion thereof not to be redeemed; or
(iii) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security which, in accordance with its terms, has been surrendered for repayment at the option of the Holder, except the portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid. 

Section 3.6 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities. 

If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section 3.6, the Company shall execute and
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same series containing identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. 

If there be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any
Security, and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee that such Security
has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and, upon the Company’s request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new
Security of the same series containing identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. 
 Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.6, in case any mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion
may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security. 
 Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the
Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. 

Every new Security issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute a separate
obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of
such series duly issued hereunder. 

  
 24 

  
 The provisions of this
Section, as amended or supplemented pursuant to this Indenture with respect to particular Securities or generally, shall be exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment
of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities. 
 Section 3.7 Payment of Interest and Certain Additional
Amounts; Rights to Interest and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved. 
 Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture, any interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any Registered Security which shall be payable, and are punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered as of the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest. 

Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, any interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any Registered
Security which shall be payable, but shall not be punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for such Registered Security (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder
thereof on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder; and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below: 

(1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Person in whose name such Registered Security (or a Predecessor
Security thereof) shall be registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of
Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on such Registered Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect
of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit on or prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when so deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Person entitled to such
Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon, the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment
and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the
proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Holder of such Registered Security (or a Predecessor Security thereof) at his address as it appears in the Security
Register not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. The Trustee may, in its discretion, in the name and at the expense of the Company, cause a similar notice to be published at least once in an Authorized Newspaper of general
circulation in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, but such publication shall not be a condition precedent to the establishment of such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record
Date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Registered Security (or a Predecessor Security thereof) shall be registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date
and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2). 

  
 25 

  
 (2) The Company may
make payment of any Defaulted Interest in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Security may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice
given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee. 
 Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities of any particular series pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, at the option of the Company, interest on Registered
Securities that bear interest may be paid by wire transfer in immediately available funds if the holder of the Registered Security has provided to the Company and the Trustee wire instructions at least five business days prior to the applicable
payment date or by check mailed to the address of that holder as it appears on the books of the Securities Registrar if that holder has not provided wire instructions; provided that the final distribution in respect of any Security will be made only
upon presentation and surrender of such certificated debenture at the applicable Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. 

Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 3.5, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration
of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security. 

In the case of any Registered Security of any series that is convertible, which Registered Security is converted after any Regular Record
Date and on or prior to the next succeeding Interest Payment Date (other than any Registered Security with respect to which the Stated Maturity is prior to such Interest Payment Date), interest with respect to which the Stated Maturity is on such
Interest Payment Date shall be payable on such Interest Payment Date notwithstanding such conversion, and such interest (whether or not punctually paid or duly provided for) shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Registered Security (or one
or more predecessor Registered Securities) is registered at the close of business on such Regular Record Date. Except as otherwise expressly provided in the immediately preceding sentence, in the case of any Registered Security which is converted,
interest with respect to which the Stated Maturity is after the date of conversion of such Registered Security shall not be payable. 
 Section 3.8 Persons Deemed Owners. 
 Prior to due presentment of a
Registered Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Registered Security is registered in the Security Register as the owner of such Registered
Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of, any premium and (subject to Section 3.5 and Section 3.7) interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Registered Security and for all other purposes whatsoever,
whether or not any payment with respect to such Registered Security shall be overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary. 

No Holder of any beneficial interest in any global Security held on its behalf by a Depository shall have any rights under this Indenture
with respect to such global Security, and such Depository may be treated by the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the owner of such global Security for all purposes whatsoever. None of the Company, the Trustee, any
Paying Agent or the Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a global Security or for maintaining, supervising or
reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests. 

  
 26 

  
 Section 3.9
Cancellation. 
 All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer, exchange or conversion or for
credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee, and any such Securities, as well as Securities surrendered directly to the Trustee for any such purpose, shall be
cancelled promptly by the Trustee. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Securities
so delivered shall be cancelled promptly by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by or pursuant to this Indenture. All
cancelled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of by the Trustee in accordance with its customary procedures. 

Section 3.10 Computation of Interest. 
 Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, or in any Security, interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. 

Section 3.11 CUSIP Numbers. 
 The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to
Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other
identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the “CUSIP” numbers. 

ARTICLE FOUR 
 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE 
 Section 4.1
Satisfaction and Discharge. 
 Upon the direction of the Company by a Company Order, this Indenture shall cease to be of
further effect with respect to any series of Securities specified in such Company Order and the Trustee, on receipt of a Company Order, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture as to such series, when 
 (1) either 
 (a) all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and delivered and have been accepted by the Trustee for cancellation (other than (i) Securities of such series which have been destroyed,
lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.6, and (ii) Securities of such series for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and
thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 10.3); or 

  
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 (b) all Securities of
such series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation: 
 (i) have become due and payable, or 

(ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or 

(iii) if redeemable at the option of the Company, are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the
Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, 
 and the
Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose, money in the Currency in which such Securities are payable in an amount sufficient to pay
and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including the principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities, to the date of
such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Maturity thereof, as the case may be; 

(2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to the Outstanding Securities
of such series; and 
 (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel,
each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been complied with. 
 In the event there are Securities of two or more series hereunder, the Trustee shall be required to execute an instrument acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture only if requested to do
so with respect to Securities of such series as to which it is Trustee and if the other conditions thereto are met. 

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to any series of Securities, the obligations of the Company
to the Trustee under Section 6.7 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (b) of clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the Company and the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such
series under Section 3.5, Section 3.6, Section 4.3, Section 10.2 and Section 10.3, with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to such Securities as contemplated by Section 10.4 (but only to
the extent that the Additional Amounts payable with respect to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in respect of such Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 4.1(1)(b), and with respect to any rights to convert or exchange such
Securities into Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property shall survive such satisfaction and discharge. 

Section 4.2 Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance. 
 (1) Unless pursuant to Section 3.1, either or both of (i) defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under clause (2) of this Section 4.2 shall not be applicable with respect
to the Securities of such series or (ii) covenant defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under clause (3) of this Section 4.2 shall not be applicable with respect to the Securities of such series, then such provisions,
together with the other provisions of this Section 4.2 (with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to Section 3.1 with respect to any Securities), shall be applicable to such Securities, and the Company may at its option
by Board Resolution, at any time, with respect to such Securities, elect to have Section 4.2(2) or Section 4.2(3) be applied to such Outstanding Securities upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Section 4.2.

  
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 (2) Upon the
Company’s exercise of the above option applicable to this Section 4.2(2) with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to such Outstanding
Securities on the date the conditions set forth in clause (4) of this Section 4.2 are satisfied (hereinafter, “defeasance”). For this purpose, such defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the
entire Indebtedness represented by such Outstanding Securities, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “Outstanding” only for the purposes of clause (6) of this Section 4.2 and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in
clauses (i) and (ii) below, and to have satisfied all of its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper
instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (i) the rights of Holders of such Outstanding Securities to receive, solely from the trust fund described in
clause (4) of this Section 4.2 and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, such Securities when such
payments are due, and any rights of such Holder to convert or exchange such Securities into Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property, (ii) the obligations of the Company and the Trustee with respect to such Securities under
Section 3.5, Section 3.6, Section 10.2 and Section 10.3 and with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, on such Securities as contemplated by Section 10.4 (but only to the extent that the Additional Amounts
payable with respect to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in respect of such Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 4.2(4)(a) below), and with respect to any rights to convert or exchange such Securities into Common Stock or other
securities, cash or other property, (iii) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (iv) this Section 4.2. The Company may exercise its option under this Section 4.2(2) notwithstanding the
prior exercise of its option under clause (3) of this Section 4.2 with respect to such Securities. 
 (3) Upon the
Company’s exercise of the above option applicable to this Section 4.2(3) with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be released from, to the extent specified pursuant to Section 3.1, any covenant
applicable to such Securities, with respect to such Outstanding Securities on and after the date the conditions set forth in clause (4) of this Section 4.2 are satisfied (hereinafter, “covenant defeasance”), and such Securities
shall thereafter be deemed to be not “Outstanding” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with any such covenant, but shall continue to be
deemed “Outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect to such Outstanding Securities, the Company may omit to comply with, and shall have no liability in respect of, any
term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any covenant or by reason of reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other
document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a default or an Event of Default under Section 5.1(4) insofar as it relates to, to the extent specified pursuant to Section 3.1, any covenant applicable to such Security, or
Section 5.1(7) or otherwise, as the case may be, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby. 

  
 29 

  
 (4) The following
shall be the conditions to application of clause (2) or (3) of this Section 4.2 to any Outstanding Securities of or within a series: 
 (a) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the requirements of Section 6.8 who shall agree to comply with the
provisions of this Section 4.2 applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, (1) an
amount in Dollars or in such Foreign Currency in which such Securities are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity, or (2) Government Obligations applicable to such Securities (determined on the basis of the Currency in which such
Securities are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity) which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment of
principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities, money in an amount, or (3) a combination thereof, in any case, in an amount, sufficient, without consideration of any reinvestment of such principal and interest, in
the opinion of a nationally recognized independent registered public accounting firm expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee)
to pay and discharge, (y) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Outstanding Securities an the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest and (z) any mandatory sinking fund
payments or analogous payments applicable to such Outstanding Securities on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of such Securities. 

(b) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or
any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound. 
 (c) No Event of Default
or event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to such Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit and, with respect to defeasance only, at any time during the
period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period). 
 (d) In the case of an election under clause (2) of this Section 4.2, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that: 

(i) the Company has received from the Internal Revenue Service a letter ruling, or there has been published by the Internal Revenue
Service a Revenue Ruling, or 
 (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable
Federal income tax law, 
 in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of
such Outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have
been the case if such defeasance had not occurred. 
 (a) In the case of an election under clause (3) of this
Section 4.2, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Outstanding 

  
 30 

 
Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the
same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred. 
 (b) The Company
shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that, after the 91st day after the date of establishment of such trust, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant to Section 3.1)
(including the proceeds thereof) deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) pursuant to this clause (4) to be held in trust will not be subject to any case or proceeding (whether voluntary or involuntary)
in respect of the Company under any Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law, or any decree or order for relief in respect of the Company issued in connection therewith. 

(c) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
conditions precedent to the defeasance or covenant defeasance under clause (2) or (3) of this Section 4.2 (as the case may be) have been complied with. 
 (d) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section 4.2(4), such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or
limitations which may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith pursuant to Section 3.1. 
 (5) Subject to the
provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant to Section 3.1) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee,
collectively for purposes of this Section 4.2(5) and Section 4.3, the “Trustee”) pursuant to clause (4) of Section 4.2 in respect of any Outstanding Securities of any series shall be held in trust and applied by the
Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such
Securities of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts, if any, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. 

(6) Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security, if, after a deposit referred to in
Section 4.2(4)(a) has been made, (a) the Holder of a Security in respect of which such deposit was made is entitled to, and does, elect pursuant to Section 3.1 or the terms of such Security to receive payment in a Currency other than
that in which the deposit pursuant to Section 4.2(4)(a) has been made in respect of such Security, or (b) a Conversion Event occurs in respect of the Foreign Currency in which the deposit pursuant to Section 4.2(4)(a) has been made,
the indebtedness represented by such Security shall be deemed to have been, and will be, fully discharged and satisfied through the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with
respect to, such Security as the same becomes due out of the proceeds yielded by converting (from time to time as specified below in the case of any such election) the amount or other property deposited in respect of such Security into the Currency
in which such Security becomes payable as a result of such election or Conversion Event based on (x) in the case of payments made pursuant to clause (a) above, the 

  
 31 

 
applicable market exchange rate for such Currency in effect on the second Business Day prior to each payment date, or (y) with respect to a Conversion Event, the applicable market exchange
rate for such Foreign Currency in effect (as nearly as feasible) at the time of the Conversion Event. 
 The Company shall pay
and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge, imposed on or assessed against the Government Obligations deposited pursuant to this Section 4.2 or the principal or interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax,
fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of such Outstanding Securities. 
 Anything in this
Section 4.2 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any money or Government Obligations (or other property and any proceeds therefrom) held by it as provided in
clause (4) of this Section 4.2 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized independent registered public accounting firm expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which
would then be required to be deposited to effect a defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, in accordance with this Section 4.2. 
 Section 4.3 Application of Trust Money. 
 Subject to the provisions of
the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all money and Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.1 or Section 4.2 in respect of any Outstanding Securities of any series shall be held in trust and applied by
the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons
entitled thereto, of the principal, premium, if any, interest and Additional Amounts, if any, for whose payment such money has or Government Obligations have been deposited with or received by the Trustee; but such money and Government Obligations
need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. 
 ARTICLE FIVE 

REMEDIES 

Section 5.1 Events of Default. 
 “Event of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be
voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body), unless such event is specifically deleted or modified
in or pursuant to the supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officers’ Certificate establishing the terms of such series pursuant to this Indenture: 
 (1) default in the payment of any interest on any Security of such series, or any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, when the interest becomes or the Additional Amounts become due and
payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; 
 (2) default in the payment of the principal of or any
premium on any Security of such series, or any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, when the principal or premium becomes or the Additional Amounts with respect thereto become due and payable at their maturity; 

  
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 (3) default in the
deposit of any sinking fund payment when and as due by the terms of any Security of such series, subject to any cure period specified in any Security of such series; 
 (4) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or warranty of the Company in the Indenture or the Securities (other than a covenant or warranty a default in the performance or the breach of
which is elsewhere in this Section 5.1 specifically dealt with or which has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of a series of Securities other than such series), and continuance of the default or breach for a
period of 90 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, a written
notice specifying the default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that the notice is a “Notice of Default” under Section 6.3; 
 (5) the entry by a court having competent jurisdiction of: 
 (a) a decree or order
for relief in respect of the Company or any Material Subsidiary in an involuntary proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law and the decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of
60 consecutive days; 
 (b) a decree or order adjudging the Company or any Material Subsidiary to be a bankrupt or insolvent, or
approving a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of the Company or any Material Subsidiary and the decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or 

(c) a final and non-appealable order appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar
official of the Company or any Material Subsidiary or of any substantial part of the property of the Company or any Material Subsidiary or ordering the winding up or liquidation of the affairs of the Company or any Material Subsidiary; 

(6) the commencement by the Company or any Material Subsidiary of a voluntary proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization or other similar law or of a voluntary proceeding seeking to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent or the consent by the Company or any Material Subsidiary to the entry of a decree or order for relief in an involuntary proceeding
under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against either of them, or the filing by the Company or any Material Subsidiary of a petition or
answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable law, or the consent by the Company or any Material Subsidiary to the filing of the petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator,
assignee, trustee, sequestrator or similar official of the Company or any Material Subsidiary or any substantial part of the property of the Company or any Material Subsidiary or the making by the Company or any Material Subsidiary or an assignment
for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by the Company or any Material Subsidiary in writing of their inability to pay their debts generally as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company or any Material Subsidiary in
furtherance of any such action; or 

  
 33 

  
 (7) any other Event of
Default provided in or pursuant to the Indenture with respect to Securities of the series. 
 Section 5.2
Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. 
 If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series at the
time Outstanding (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (5) or (6) of Section 5.1) occurs and is continuing, then the Trustee may, and at the direction of the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series shall declare the principal of all the Securities of such series, or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the Securities of such series, to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the
Company (and to the Trustee if given by the Holders), and upon any declaration the principal or such lesser amount shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (5) or (6) of Section 5.1 above
occurs, all unpaid principal of and accrued interest on the Outstanding Securities of that series (or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the Securities of such series) shall become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration
or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder of any Security of such series. 
 At any time after a declaration of
acceleration or automatic acceleration with respect to the Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereafter in this Article provided, the Holders of not
less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul the declaration and its consequences if: 

(1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum of money sufficient to pay (i) all overdue installments of interest on
all Securities of such series and any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, (ii) the principal of and any premium on any Securities of the series which have become due otherwise than by the declaration of acceleration and interest
thereon and any Additional Amounts with respect thereto at the rate or rates borne by or provided in such Securities, (iii) interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and (iv) all sums paid
or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel; and 
 (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of such series, other than the non-payment of the principal of, any premium and interest on, and any additional amounts with respect to Securities of
such series which shall have become due solely by the acceleration, shall have been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13. 
 Section 5.3 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. 
 The Company covenants that if 
 (1) default is made in the payment of any
installment of interest on any Security, or any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, when such interest or Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable and such default continues for a period of 60 days, or 

(2) default is made in the payment of any principal of or premium, if any, on, or any Additional Amounts payable in respect of any
principal of or premium, if any, on any Security at its Maturity; 

  
 34 

  
 the Company shall,
upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount of money then due and payable with respect to such Securities, with interest upon the overdue principal, any premium and, to the
extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, upon any overdue installments of interest and Additional Amounts at the rate or rates borne by or provided for in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount of
money as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and all other amounts due to the Trustee under
Section 6.7. 
 If the Company fails to pay the money it is required to pay the Trustee pursuant to the preceding paragraph
forthwith upon the demand of the Trustee, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the money so due and unpaid, and may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final
decree, and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the monies adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such
Securities, wherever situated. 
 If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the
Trustee may and at the direction of the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall, so long as such Holders shall have provided the Trustee with such indemnity as it shall require, proceed to
protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this
Indenture or such Securities or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein or therein, or to enforce any other proper remedy. 
 Section 5.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. 
 In case of the pendency
of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or such other
obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on
the Company for the payment of any overdue principal, premium, interest or Additional Amounts) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, 

(1) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount, or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the Securities of such series, of the
principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for
the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents or counsel) and of the Holders of Securities allowed in such judicial proceeding, and 

(2) to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; 

  
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 and any custodian,
receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder of Securities to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent
to the making of such payments directly to the Holders of Securities, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due
the Trustee under Section 6.7. 
 Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent
to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder of a Security any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim
of any Holder of a Security in any such proceeding. 
 Section 5.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims without Possession of
Securities. 
 All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or any of the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by
the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any
recovery or judgment, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, shall be for the ratable benefit of each and every Holder of a Security in respect of
which such judgment has been recovered. 
 Section 5.6 Application of Money Collected. 

Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the
Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal, or any premium, interest or Additional Amounts, upon presentation of the Securities, and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender
thereof if fully paid: 
 FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under
Section 6.7; 
 SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon the Securities for principal and any
premium, interest and Additional Amounts in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the aggregate amounts due and payable on such Securities for
principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts, respectively; 
 THIRD: The balance, if any, to the Company.

 Section 5.7 Limitations on Suits. 
 No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any
other remedy hereunder, unless 
 (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of
Default with respect to the Securities of such series; 

  
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 (2) the Holders of not
less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder; 

(3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be
incurred in compliance with such request; 
 (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of
indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and 
 (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been
given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series; 
 it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture or any Security to affect,
disturb or prejudice the rights of any other such Holders or Holders of Securities of any other series, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the
manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders. 
 Section 5.8 Unconditional Right
of Holders to Receive Principal and any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts. 
 Notwithstanding any other provision in this
Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of, any premium and (subject to Section 3.5 and Section 3.7) interest on, and any Additional Amounts with
respect to such Security, on the respective Stated Maturity or Maturities therefor specified in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment at the option of such Holder if provided in or pursuant
to this Indenture, on the date such repayment is due) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such right shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder. 

Section 5.9 Restoration of Rights and Remedies. 
 If the Trustee or any Holder of a Security has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has
been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case the Company, the Trustee and each such Holder shall, subject to any determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to their former
positions hereunder, and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and each such Holder shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted. 
 Section 5.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative. 
 Except as otherwise
provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 3.6, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to each and every Holder of a
Security is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy, to the extent permitted by law, shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or
in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. 

  
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 Section 5.11
Delay or Omission Not Waiver. 
 No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security to exercise any right
or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to any Holder
of a Security may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by such Holder, as the case may be. 
 Section 5.12 Control by Holders of Securities. 
 The Holders of a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the
Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series, provided that 
 (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any
rule of law or with this Indenture or with the Securities of any series, 
 (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed
proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and 
 (3) such direction is not unduly prejudicial to the
rights of the other Holders of Securities of such series not joining in such action. 
 Section 5.13 Waiver of Past
Defaults. 
 The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series on behalf of
the Holders of all the Securities of such series may waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default 
 (1) in the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security of such series, or 

(2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder
of each Outstanding Security of such series affected. 
 Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event
of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon. 

Section 5.14 Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws. 
 The Company covenants that (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or
extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company expressly waives (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) all benefit or advantage of any
such law and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted. 

  
 38 

  
 Section 5.15
Undertaking for Costs. 
 All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof
shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the
filing by any party litigant in such suit of any undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, against any party litigant in such
suit having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section 5.15 shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or
group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if
any, on or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to any Security on or after the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date, and, in the case of repayment, on or after
the date for repayment) or for the enforcement of the right, if any, to convert or exchange any Security into Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property in accordance with its terms. 

ARTICLE SIX 
 THE TRUSTEE 
 Section 6.1 Certain Duties and Responsibilities.

 The duties and responsibilities of the Trustee shall be as provided by the Trust Indenture Act. Except during the continuance
of an Event of Default of which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge, the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations
shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default of which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge with respect to the Securities has occurred (which has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall
exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person s own affairs.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its
rights or powers. Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section.

 Section 6.2 Certain Rights of Trustee. 
 Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1: 
 (1) the Trustee may conclusively
rely and shall be fully protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon, other evidence of indebtedness
or other paper or document (whether in its original or facsimile form) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties; 

  
 39 

  
 (2) any request or
direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or a Company Order (in each case, other than delivery of any Security to the Trustee for authentication and delivery pursuant to Section 3.3 which
shall be sufficiently evidenced as provided therein) and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution; 
 (3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee
(unless other evidence shall be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, request and conclusively rely upon an Officers’ Certificate; 
 (4) the Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken,
suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon; 
 (5) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to
exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by or pursuant to this Indenture or to institute, conduct or defend any litigation hereunder or in relation hereto at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities of any series
pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or
direction; 
 (6) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution,
certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, coupon, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may but shall not be
obligated to make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine, during business hours and upon
reasonable notice, the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney at the expense of the Company and shall incur no liability or additional liability of any kind by reason of such inquiry or investigation;

 (7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or
through agents, attorneys or custodians and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent, attorney or custodians appointed with due care by it hereunder; 

(8) the Trustee shall not be liable in its individual capacity for any action taken or suffered to be taken or error of judgment made in
good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent, acted in bad faith or engaged in willful misconduct; 

(9) the Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, and Security Registrar shall have the same protections as the Trustee set forth hereunder;

 (10) the Trustee shall not be liable in its individual capacity with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be
taken by it in good faith in accordance with this Indenture or at the direction of an Act of the Holders hereunder, and, to the extent not so provided herein, with respect to any act requiring the Trustee to exercise its own discretion, relating to
the time, 

  
 40 

 
method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture or any Securities, unless
it shall be proved that, in connection with any such action taken, suffered or omitted or any such act, the Trustee was negligent, acted in bad faith or engaged in willful misconduct; 

(11) no provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability
in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers; 
 (12) the Trustee shall
not be deemed to have notice of any default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default or Event of Default is received by the
Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities and this Indenture. In the absence of such notice or actual knowledge, the Trustee may conclusively assume that there is no default or Event of Default;

 (13) the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge or required to tale notice of any default or Event of Default with
respect to the Securities unless either (i) a Responsible Officer shall have actual knowledge of such default or Event of Default or (ii) written notice of such default or Event of Default shall have been given to a Responsible Officer of
the Trustee by the Company or other obligor on such Securities or by any Holder of such Securities; 
 (14) the Trustee shall
not be liable in its individual capacity for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith and reasonably believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture; 

(15) the rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be
indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian, director, officer, employee and other Person employed to act hereunder; 

(16) the Trustee may request that the Company deliver an Officers’ Certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles
of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture, which Officers’ Certificate may be signed by any person authorized to sign an Officers’ Certificate, including any person specified as so authorized
in any such certificate previously delivered and not superseded; 
 (17) the permissive rights of the Trustee to take certain
actions under or perform any discretionary act enumerated in this Indenture shall not be construed as a duty unless so specified herein, and the Trustee shall not be answerable for other than its negligence or willful misconduct in the performance
of such action or act; and 
 (18) the Trustee shall not be liable in its individual capacity with respect to any action taken,
suffered or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with this Indenture or at the direction of the Holders of a majority in aggregate Principal Amount of the Outstanding Securities relating to the time, method and place of conducting
any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising or omitting to exercise any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture. 
 (19) In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its
control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war 

  
 41 

 
or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and
hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances. 

Section 6.3 Notice of Defaults. 
 Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default hereunder of which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall give the
Holders of Securities of such series entitled to receive reports pursuant to Section 7.3, notice of such default hereunder actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, unless such default shall have been cured or waived; provided,
however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any), or interest, if any, on, or Additional Amounts or any sinking fund or purchase fund installment with respect to, any Security of such series, the
Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officer of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such
notice is in the best interest of the Holders of Securities of such series; and provided, further, that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section 5.1(4) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders
shall be given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term “default” means any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to
Securities of such series. 
 Section 6.4 Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities. 

The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, shall be taken as the
statements of the Company, and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity, sufficiency or priority of this Indenture or of the
Securities. Neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the Company of the Securities or the proceeds thereof. Except with respect to the authentication of Securities pursuant to
Section 3.3, the Trustee shall not be responsible for the legality or the validity of this Indenture or any Securities issued or to be issued hereunder. 
 Section 6.5 May Hold Securities. 
 The Trustee, any Authenticating
Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any other Person that may be an agent of the Trustee or the Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 310(b) and 311 of
the Trust Indenture Act, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not the Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other Person. 

Section 6.6 Money Held in Trust. 
 Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it
hereunder except as otherwise agreed in writing with the Company. 

  
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 Section 6.7
Compensation and Reimbursement. 
 The Company agrees: 

(1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation as shall be agreed upon from time to time in writing between the Company and
the Trustee for all services rendered by the Trustee hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust); 

(2) to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in
accordance with any provision of this Indenture arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and
counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be caused by the Trustee’s own negligence or willful misconduct; and 
 (3) to fully indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee and its agents, officers, directors and employees for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss, liability, damage, claim or
expense (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), including taxes (other than taxes based on the income of the Trustee), incurred without negligence or willful misconduct on their part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or
administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending themselves against any claim or liability (whether asserted by the Company, a Holder of Securities, or any other Person) in connection with the
exercise or performance of any of their powers or duties hereunder. 
 As security for the performance of the payment
obligations of the Company under this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any series upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of, and
premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities. Such lien shall survive the resignation or removal of the Trustee and the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders
services after a Default or Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(5) and 5.1(6) hereof occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and expense of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expense
of administration under U.S. Code, Title 11 or any other similar foreign, federal or state law for the relief of debtors. 
 To
the extent permitted by law any compensation or expense incurred by the Trustee after a default specified in or pursuant to Section 5.1 is intended to constitute an expense of administration under any then applicable bankruptcy or insolvency
law. “Trustee” for purposes of this Section 6.7 shall include any predecessor Trustee but the negligence or willful misconduct of any Trustee shall not affect the rights of any other Trustee under this Section 6.7. 

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture to the contrary, in no event shall the Trustee be liable for special, indirect or
consequential damages of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits) even if the Trustee had been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action. 

The provisions of this Section 6.7 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or the earlier resignation or
removal of the Trustee and shall apply with equal force and effect to the Trustee in its capacity as Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent or Security Registrar. 

  
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 Section 6.8
Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility. 
 There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a Corporation, organized
and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, eligible under Section 3.10(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee under an indenture qualified under the Trust
Indenture Act and that has a combined capital and surplus (computed in accordance with Section 3.10(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act) of at least $50,000,000 subject to supervision or examination by Federal or state authority. If at any time
the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article. 

Section 6.9 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor. 

(1) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective
until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee pursuant to Section 6.10. 
 (2) The Trustee may resign at any
time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.10 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30
days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition, at the expense of the Company, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to such series. 

(3) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.10 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the
giving of such notice of removal, the Trustee being removed may petition, at the expense of the Company, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to such series. The Trustee for one or more series
of Securities may be removed by the Company, so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to such series. 
 (4) If at any time: 
 (a) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the obligations
imposed upon it under Section 3.10(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to Securities of any series after written request therefor by the Company or any Holder of a Security of such series who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of
such series for at least six months, or 
 (b) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 6.8 and shall fail to
resign after written request therefor by the Company or any such Holder, or 
 (c) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting
or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation,
conservation or liquidation, 
 then, in any such case, 
 (i) the Company, by or pursuant to a Company Order, may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities or the Securities of such series, or 

  
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 (ii) subject to
Section 5.15, any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the
removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities of such series and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees. 

(5) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any
cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by or pursuant to a Company Order, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of such series (it being understood that any such
successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section 6.10. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapacity, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance with the
applicable requirements of Section 6.10, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders of Securities and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 6.10, any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such
series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. 

(6) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and
each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series by mailing written notice of such event by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to the Holders of Registered Securities, if any, of such series as their names and
addresses appear in the Security Register. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office. 

(7) In no event shall any retiring Trustee be liable for the acts or omissions of any successor Trustee hereunder. 

Section 6.10 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. 
 (1) Upon the appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and the retiring
Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties hereunder of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or such successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee, upon payment of its charges, shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such
successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and, subject to Section 10.3, shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder, subject
nevertheless to its claim, if any, provided for in Section 6.7. 

  
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 (2) Upon the
appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and such successor Trustee shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each
successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, such successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the
retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as
shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be
vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood
that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder
administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any notice given to, or received by, or any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder, and, upon the execution and delivery of such
supplemental indenture, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance
of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates other than as hereinafter expressly set forth, and such
successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or such successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee, upon payment of its charges with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates
and subject to Section 10.3 shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, subject to its claim, if any, provided for in Section 6.7. 
 (3) Upon request of any Person appointed hereunder as a successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor
Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts. 
 (4) No Person shall accept its appointment hereunder as a successor Trustee
unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Person shall be qualified and eligible under this Article. 

Section 6.11 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. 

Any Corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation resulting from
any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any Corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of 

  
 46 

 
the corporate trust business of the Trustee by sale or otherwise, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation shall otherwise be qualified under this Article VI
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated but not delivered by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or
consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities. 

Section 6.12 Appointment of Authenticating Agent. 
 The Trustee may appoint one or more Authenticating Agents acceptable to the Company with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to
authenticate Securities of that or those series issued upon original issue, exchange, registration of transfer, partial redemption or partial repayment or pursuant to Section 3.6, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the
Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent. 
 Each Authenticating Agent must be acceptable to the Company and, except as provided in or pursuant to
this Indenture, shall at all times be a Corporation that would be permitted by the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee under an indenture qualified under the Trust Indenture Act, is authorized under applicable law and by its charter to act as an
Authenticating Agent and has a combined capital and surplus (computed in accordance with Section 3.10(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act) of at least $50,000,000. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance
with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section. 

Any Corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation
resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any Corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent,
shall be the successor of such Authenticating Agent hereunder, provided such Corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating
Agent. 
 An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Trustee and the Company. The
Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time
such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall mail written notice of such
appointment by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of Registered Securities, if any, of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent shall serve, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register. Any successor
Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor
Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section. 

  
 47 

  
 The Company agrees to
pay each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section. 
 The provisions
of Section 3.3, Section 6.1, Section 6.4 and Section 6.5 shall be applicable to each Authenticating Agent. 

If an Authenticating Agent is appointed with respect to one or more series of Securities pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such
series may have endorsed thereon, in addition to or in lieu of the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in substantially the following form: 

This is one of the Certificates described in the within-mentioned Indenture. 

 

			
	  
	 	,
	As Trustee	 	
		
	By:	 	
	As Authenticating Agent	 	
		
	By:	 	
	Authorized Officer	 	
		
	Dated:	 	

 If all of the Securities of any series may not be originally issued at one time, and if the
Trustee does not have an office capable of authenticating Securities upon original issuance located in a Place of Payment where the Company wishes to have Securities of such series authenticated upon original issuance, the Trustee, if so requested
in writing (which writing need not be accompanied by or contained in an Officers’ Certificate), shall appoint in accordance with this Section an Authenticating Agent having an office in a Place of Payment designated by the Company with respect
to such series of Securities. 
 ARTICLE SEVEN 
 HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY 
 Section 7.1
Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders. 
 In accordance with Section 3.12(a) of the Trust Indenture
Act, the Company shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee 
 (1) semi-annually with respect to Securities of each
series not later than January 15 and July 15 of the year or upon such other dates as are set forth in or pursuant to the Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto authorizing such series, a list, in each case in such form as the
Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders as of the applicable date, and 

  
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 (2) at such other
times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished, 

provided, however, that so long as the Trustee is the Security Registrar no such list shall be required to be furnished. 

Section 7.2 Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders. 

The Trustee shall comply with the obligations imposed upon it pursuant to Section 3.12 of the Trust Indenture Act. 

Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company, the
Trustee, any Paying Agent or any Security Registrar shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities in accordance with Section 3.12 of the Trust Indenture
Act, regardless of the source from which such information was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under Section 3.12(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. 

Section 7.3 Reports by Trustee. 
 (1) Within 60 days after May 15 of each year commencing with the first May 15 following the first issuance of Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, if required by Section 3.13(a) of the
Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall transmit, pursuant to Section 3.13(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, a brief report dated as of such June 15 with respect to any of the events specified in said Section 3.13(a) which may have
occurred since the later of the immediately preceding May 15 and the date of this Indenture. 
 (2) The Trustee shall
transmit any reports required by Section 3.13(a) of the Trust Indenture Act at the times specified therein. 
 (3) A copy
of the such report, if any, described in Section 7.3(1) and (2) shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange, if any, upon which the Securities are listed, with the Commission and
with the Company. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee when the Securities are listed on any stock exchange and of any delisting thereof. 
 Section 7.4 Reports by Company; Rule 144A Information. 
 The Company,
pursuant to Section 3.14(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, shall: 
 (1) file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the
Company is required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and
regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; or, if the Company is not required to file information, documents or reports pursuant to
either of said Sections, then it shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports which
may be required pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act in respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations; and provided further,

  
 49 

 
however, that if the Company files information, documents or reports by virtue of its being subject to the requirements of Section 12, Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange
Act and its duty to file such information, documents or reports is subsequently suspended, then the Company shall no longer be required to file any such information, documents or reports pursuant to the provisions of this Section 7.4 with
respect to Securities of any series that were issued prior to the effectiveness of the suspension of such duty. 
 (2) file with
the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants
of this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and regulations; and 
 (3) transmit within 30 days after
the filing thereof with the Trustee, in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to paragraphs
(1) and (2) of this Section as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission. 
 (4) Unless the Company furnishes information to the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or this Section, the Company shall promptly furnish or cause to be furnished such
information as is specified pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4) under the Securities Act (or any successor provision thereto) to such Holder or to a prospective purchaser of a Security who is designated by such Holder and is a qualified institutional buyer
(as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act), upon the request of such Holder or prospective purchaser, in order to permit compliance by such Holder with Rule 144A under the Securities Act. 

Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of
such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled
to rely exclusively on Officers’ Certificates). 
 ARTICLE EIGHT 

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALES 
 Section 8.1 Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms. 
 The
Company shall not consolidate with or merge into, or sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or other dispose of all or substantially all of its assets and the properties and the assets and properties of its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to, any
entity or entities (including limited liability companies) unless: 
 (1) the successor entity or entities, each of which shall
be a Corporation organized and existing under the laws the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, shall expressly assume, by an indenture (or indentures, if at such time there is more than one Trustee) supplemental
hereto executed by the successor Person and delivered to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of, any premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to all the Securities and the performance of every obligation
in this Indenture and the Outstanding Securities on the part of the Company to be performed or observed and shall provide for conversion or exchange rights in accordance with the provisions of the Securities of any series that are convertible or
exchangeable into Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property; 

  
 50 

  
 (2) immediately after
giving effect to such transaction or series of transactions, no Event of Default or event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and 

(3) either the Company or the successor Person shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of
Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with. 
 Section 8.2 Successor Person
Substituted for Company. 
 Upon any consolidation by the Company with or merger of the Company into any other Person or Persons
or any sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company and the properties and assets of its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any Person or Persons in
accordance with Section 8.1, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted
for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein; and thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the predecessor Person shall be
released from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture, the Securities. 
 ARTICLE NINE 

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 
 Section 9.1 Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders. 

Without the consent of any Holders of Securities, the Company (when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution) and the Trustee, at
any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes: 
 (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company contained herein and in the Securities; or 

(2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (as shall be specified in
such supplemental indenture or indentures) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; or 
 (3) to
establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by Section 2.1 and Section 3.1; or 
 (4) to
evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or
facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.10; or 

  
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 (5) to cure any
ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture which shall not
adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series then Outstanding in any material respect; or 
 (6) to
add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth; or 

(7) to add any additional Events of Default with respect to all or any series of Securities (as shall be specified in such supplemental
indenture); or 
 (8) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or
facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Article Four, provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of any Holder of an Outstanding Security of such series or any other Security in any
material respect; or 
 (9) to make provisions with respect to conversion or exchange rights of Holders of Securities of any
series; or 
 (10) to amend or supplement any provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture, provided that no such
amendment or supplement shall materially adversely affect the interests of the Holders of any Securities then Outstanding; or 

(11) to qualify the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act. 
 Section 9.2 Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders. 
 With the
consent of the Holders of not less than a majority (or such other amount as is provided for a particular series of Securities) in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture, voting as a
single class, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company (when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution) and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding
any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture or of the Securities of such series;
provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, shall 
 (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any premium or installment of interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or the rate
(or modify the calculation of such rate) of interest thereon or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto, or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof or otherwise, or change the obligation of the Company to pay Additional Amounts pursuant
to Section 10.4 (except as contemplated by Section 8.1(1) and permitted by Section 9.1(1)), or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration
of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2 or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 5.4, change the redemption provisions or adversely affect the right of repayment at the option of any Holder as contemplated
by Article Thirteen, or change the Place of Payment, Currency in which the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any
such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment at the option of the Holder, on or after the date for repayment), or 

  
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 (2) reduce the
percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series the consent of whose Holders is required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain
provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or reduce the requirements of Section 15.4 for quorum or voting, or 

(3) modify any of the provisions of this Section or Section 5.13 or Section 10.6, except to increase any such percentage or to
provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, or 
 (4) make any change that adversely affects the right to convert or exchange any Security into or for Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property in accordance with the terms of such Security.

 A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which shall have been
included expressly and solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect
the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series. 
 It shall not be necessary for any Act of
Holders of Securities under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof. 

Section 9.3 Execution of Supplemental Indentures. 
 As a condition to executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trust created by this Indenture, the
Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officers’ Certificate and Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The
Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. 

Section 9.4 Effect of Supplemental Indentures. 
 Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all
purposes; and every Holder of a Security theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby. 
 Section 9.5 Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures. 

Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and
shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion
of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series. 

  
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 Section 9.6
Conformity with Trust Indenture Act. 
 Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect. 
 Section 9.7 Notice of Supplemental Indenture.

 Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to Section 9.2, the
Company shall transmit to the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series affected thereby a notice setting forth the substance of such supplemental indenture. 
 ARTICLE TEN 
 COVENANTS 

Section 10.1 Payment of Principal, any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts. 

The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of each series that it will duly and punctually pay the
principal of, any premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of such series in accordance with the terms thereof and this Indenture. 
 Section 10.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency. 
 The Company shall
maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an Office or Agency where Securities of such series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of such series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or
exchange, where Securities of such series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such series relating thereto and this
Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such Office or Agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Office or Agency or
shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive
all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. 
 The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other
Offices or Agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any
manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an Office or Agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission
and of any change in the location of any such other Office or Agency. 
 Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture, the Company hereby designates as the Place of Payment for each series of Securities the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, and initially appoints a Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee located at 101

  
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Barclay Street, New York, New York 10286, Attention: Corporate Trust Administration, as the Office or Agency of the Company in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York for such purpose. The
Company may subsequently appoint a different Office or Agency in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York for the Securities of any series. 
 Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, if and so long as the Securities of any series (i) are denominated in a Foreign Currency or (ii) may be
payable in a Foreign Currency, or so long as it is required under any other provision of this Indenture, then the Company will maintain with respect to each such series of Securities, or as so required, at least one exchange rate agent. 

Section 10.3 Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust. 

If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities, it shall, on or before each due
date of the principal of, any premium or interest on or Additional Amounts with respect to any of the Securities of such series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum in the currency or currencies,
currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1 for the Securities of such series) sufficient to pay the principal or any
premium, interest or Additional Amounts so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided, and shall promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. 

Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it shall, on or prior to each due date of the
principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities of such series, deposit with any Paying Agent a sum (in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies
described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay the principal or any premium, interest or Additional Amounts so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto, and (unless such Paying Agent is the
Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. 
 The Company shall cause each Paying
Agent for any series of Securities (other than the Trustee) to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent shall:

 (1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with
respect to Securities of such series in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture; 

(2) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of such series) in the making of any
payment of principal, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of such series; and 

(3) at any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all
sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent. 
 The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms as
those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such sums. 

  
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 Except as otherwise
provided herein or pursuant hereto, any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any
Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal or any such premium or interest or any such Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by
the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to
such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be
published once, in an Authorized Newspaper in each Place of Payment for such series or to be mailed to Holders of Registered Securities of such series, or both, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which
shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication or mailing nor shall it be later than two years after such principal and any premium or interest or Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable, any unclaimed balance of such
money then remaining will be repaid to the Company. 
 Section 10.4 Additional Amounts. 

If any Securities of a series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts, the Company agrees to pay to the Holder of any such Security
Additional Amounts as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or such Securities. Whenever in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on, or in respect of, any Security of any
series, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional Amounts provided by the terms of such series established hereby or pursuant hereto to the extent that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be
payable in respect thereof pursuant to such terms, and express mention of the payment of Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any provision hereof shall not be construed as excluding Additional Amounts in those provisions hereof where such express
mention is not made. 
 Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities of the applicable
series, if the Securities of a series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts, at least 10 days prior to the first Interest Payment Date with respect to such series of Securities (or if the Securities of such series shall not bear interest
prior to Maturity, the first day on which a payment of principal is made), and at least 10 days prior to each date of payment of principal or interest if there has been any change with respect to the matters set forth in the below-mentioned
Officers’ Certificate, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee and the principal Paying Agent or Paying Agents, if other than the Trustee, an Officers’ Certificate instructing the Trustee and such Paying Agent or Paying Agents whether
such payment of principal of and premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of such series shall be made to Holders of Securities of such series who are United States Aliens (as demonstrated by delivery of appropriate tax forms) without
withholding for or on account of any tax, assessment or other governmental charge described in the Securities of such series. If any such withholding shall be required, then such Officers’ Certificate shall specify by country the amount, if
any, required to be withheld on such payments to such Holders of Securities, and the Company agrees to pay to the Trustee or such Paying 

  
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Agent the Additional Amounts required by the terms of such Securities. The Company covenants to indemnify the Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense reasonably incurred without negligence or bad faith on their part arising out of or in connection with actions taken or omitted by any of them in reliance on any Officers’ Certificate furnished pursuant to this Section.

 Section 10.5 Corporate Existence. 
 Subject to Article Eight, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence and its rights (charter and statutory) and
franchises; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not obligate the Company to preserve any such right or franchise if the Company shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of its business. 

Section 10.6 Waiver of Certain Covenants. 
 The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth in Sections 10.3 and 10.5 with respect to the Securities of any series if before the time for such
compliance the Holders of at least a 66-2/3% majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, by Act of such Holders, either shall waive such compliance in such instance or generally shall have waived compliance with such
term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of
the Trustee in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect. 
 Section 10.7
Company Statement as to Compliance; Notice of Certain Defaults. 
 (1) If any Securities are Outstanding under this
Indenture, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a written statement (which need not be contained in or accompanied by an Officers’ Certificate) signed by the principal executive officer,
the principal financial officer, the principal accounting officer or other officer authorized by the Board of Directors of the Company, stating that 
 (a) a review of the activities of the Company during such year and of its performance under this Indenture has been made under his or her supervision, and 

(b) to the best of his or her knowledge, based on such review, (a) the Company has complied with all the conditions and covenants
imposed on it under this Indenture throughout such year, or, if there has been a default in the fulfillment of any such condition or covenant, specifying each such default known to him or her and the nature and status thereof, and (b) no event
has occurred and is continuing which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default, or, if such an event has occurred and is continuing, specifying each such event known to him or her and the nature and status
thereof. 
 (2) The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 10 days after the occurrence thereof, written notice of any
Event of Default or any event which after notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default pursuant to clause (5) of Section 5.1. 
 (3) The Trustee shall have no duty to monitor the Company’s compliance with the covenants contained in this Indenture to other than if the Trustee receives a written notice described in
Section 10.7(2). 

  
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 Section 10.8
Calculation of Original Issue Discount. 
 The Company shall file with the Trustee promptly at the end of each calendar year
(i) a written notice specifying the amount of original issue discount (including daily rates and accrual periods) accrued on Outstanding Securities as of the end of such year and (ii) such other specific information relating to such
original issue discount as may then be relevant under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. 

ARTICLE ELEVEN 
 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES 
 Section 11.1 Applicability of
Article. 
 Redemption of Securities of any series at the option of the Company as permitted or required by the terms of such
Securities shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise provided herein or pursuant hereto) this Article. 
 Section 11.2 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. 
 The election of
the Company to optionally redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of (a) less than all of the Securities of any series or (b) all of the
Securities of any series with the same issue date, interest rate or formula, Stated Maturity and other terms, the Company shall, at least 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the
Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed. 

Section 11.3 Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed. 

If less than all of the Securities of any series with the same issue date, interest rate or formula, Stated Maturity and other terms are
to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee from the Outstanding Securities of such series not previously called for redemption, by such method as the
Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions of the principal amount of Registered Securities of such series; provided, however, that no such partial redemption shall reduce the portion
of the principal amount of a Registered Security of such series not redeemed to less than the minimum denomination for a Security of such series established herein or pursuant hereto. 

The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security Registrar (if other than itself) in writing of the Securities selected for
redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. 

For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall
relate, in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed. 
 Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities of any series, if any Security selected for partial redemption is converted into or exchanged for Common Stock or other
securities, cash or other property in part before termination of the conversion or 

  
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exchange right with respect to the portion of the Security so selected, the converted portion of such Security shall be deemed (so far as may be) to be the portion selected for redemption.
Securities which have been converted or exchanged during a selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated by the Trustee as Outstanding for the purpose of such selection. 

Section 11.4 Notice of Redemption. 
 Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in Section 1.6, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities
to be redeemed, to the Holders of Securities to be redeemed. Failure to give notice by mailing in the manner herein provided to the Holder of any Registered Securities designated for redemption as a whole or in part, or any defect in the notice to
any such Holder, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities or portion thereof. 
 Any notice that is mailed to the Holder of any Registered Securities in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not such Holder receives the notice.

 All notices of redemption shall state: 
 (1) the Redemption Date, 
 (2) the Redemption Price, 

(3) if less than all Outstanding Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption,
the principal amount) of the particular Security or Securities to be redeemed, 
 (4) in case any Security is to be redeemed in
part only, the notice which relates to such Security shall state that on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder of such Security will receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized
denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed, 
 (5) that, on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price
shall become due and payable upon each such Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, and, if applicable, that interest thereon shall cease to accrue on and after said date, 
 (6) the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price and any accrued interest and Additional Amounts pertaining thereto, 

(7) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case, 

(8) in the case of Securities of any series that are convertible or exchangeable into Common Stock or other securities, cash or other
property, the conversion or exchange price or rate, the date or dates on which the right to convert or exchange the principal of the Securities of such series to be redeemed will commence or terminate and the place or places where such Securities
may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, and 
 (9) the CUSIP number (or any other numbers used by a Depository to
identify such Securities). 
 A notice of redemption published as contemplated by Section 1.6 need not identify particular
Registered Securities to be redeemed. 

  
 59 

  
 Notice of redemption
of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company. 

Section 11.5 Deposit of Redemption Price. 
 At or prior to 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit, with respect to the Securities of any series called for redemption pursuant to Section 11.4, with the
Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.3) an amount of money in the applicable Currency sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except
if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1 or in the Securities of such series) any accrued interest on and Additional Amounts with respect thereto, all such Securities or
portions thereof which are to be redeemed on that date. 
 Section 11.6 Securities Payable on Redemption Date.

 Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become
due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of
any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with any accrued interest and Additional Amounts to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, except as
otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Registered Securities of such series, installments of interest on Registered Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such
Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the Regular Record Dates therefor according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.7. 

If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium, until
paid, shall bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the Security. 
 Section 11.7
Securities Redeemed in Part. 
 Any Registered Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at any
Office or Agency for such Security (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney
duly authorized in writing) and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Registered Security or Securities of the same series, containing identical terms
and provisions, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered. If a Security in global form is so
surrendered, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the U.S. Depository or other Depository for such Security in global form as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee,
without service charge, a new Security in global form in a denomination equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security in global form so surrendered. 

  
 60 

  
 Section 11.8
Repurchases on the Open Market. 
 The Company or any Affiliate of the Company may at any time or from time to time
repurchase any of the Securities in the open market or otherwise. Such Securities may, at the option of the Company or the relevant Affiliate of the Company, be held, resold or surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation. 

ARTICLE TWELVE 
 SINKING FUNDS 
 Section 12.1 Applicability of Article.

 The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as
otherwise permitted or required in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security of such series issued pursuant to this Indenture. 
 The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,” and any payment in excess of
such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment”. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment
may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 12.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series and this Indenture. 

Section 12.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities. 

The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any series to be made
pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver Outstanding Securities of such series (other than any of such Securities previously called for redemption or any of such Securities in respect of which cash shall have been released to the
Company), and (2) apply as a credit Securities of such series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such series of Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund
payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such
Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities of any series in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this
Section 12.2, the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed in order to satisfy the remaining sinking fund payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such series for redemption, except upon
Company Request, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall at the request of the Company from time to
time pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to
the cash payment requested to be released to the Company. 

  
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 Section 12.3
Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. 
 Not less than 75 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of
Securities, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is
to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that series pursuant to Section 12.2, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next
ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so credited and not theretofore delivered. If such Officers’ Certificate shall specify an optional amount to be added in cash to the next ensuing
mandatory sinking fund payment, the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 60 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking
fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 11.3 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 11.4. Such notice having been duly given,
the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section 11.6 and Section 11.7. 
 ARTICLE THIRTEEN 
 REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS 

Section 13.1 Applicability of Article. 
 Securities of any series which are repayable at the option of the Holders thereof before their Stated Maturity shall be repaid in accordance with the terms of the Securities of such series. The repayment
of any principal amount of Securities pursuant to such option of the Holder to require repayment of Securities before their Stated Maturity, for purposes of Section 3.9, shall not operate as a payment, redemption or satisfaction of the
Indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the Company, at its option, shall deliver or surrender the same to the Trustee with a directive that such Securities be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in
this Section 13.1, in connection with any repayment of Securities, the Company may arrange for the purchase of any Securities by an agreement with one or more investment bankers or other purchasers to purchase such Securities by paying to the
Holders of such Securities on or before the close of business on the repayment date an amount not less than the repayment price payable by the Company on repayment of such Securities, and the obligation of the Company to pay the repayment price of
such Securities shall be satisfied and discharged to the extent such payment is so paid by such purchasers. 
 ARTICLE
FOURTEEN 
 SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES 
 Section 14.1 Applicability of Article. 
 Whenever this Indenture
provides for (i) any action by, or the determination of any of the rights of, Holders of Securities of any series in which not all of such Securities are denominated in the same Currency, or (ii) any distribution to Holders of Securities,
in the absence of any provision to the contrary pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities of any particular series, any amount in respect of any Security denominated in a Foreign Currency shall be treated for any such action or distribution as
that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount on 

  
 62 

 
such reasonable basis of exchange and as of the record date with respect to Registered Securities of such series (if any) for such action, determination of rights or distribution (or, if there
shall be no applicable record date, such other date reasonably proximate to the date of such action, determination of rights or distribution) as the Company may specify in a written notice to the Trustee or, in the absence of such written notice, as
the Trustee may determine. 
 ARTICLE FIFTEEN 
 MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES 
 Section 15.1 Purposes for
Which Meetings May Be Called. 
 A meeting of Holders of Securities of any series may be called at any time and from time to time
pursuant to this Article to make, give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series. 

Section 15.2 Call, Notice and Place of Meetings. 
 (1) The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Securities of any series for any purpose specified in Section 15.1, to be held at such time and at such place in the Borough of Manhattan,
The City of New York. Notice of every meeting of Holders of Securities of any series, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given, in the manner provided
in Section 1.6, not less than 21 nor more than 180 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting. 
 (2) In case at any time
the Company (by or pursuant to a Board Resolution) or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for any
purpose specified in Section 15.1, by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have mailed notice of or made the first publication of the notice of such meeting
within 21 days after receipt of such request (whichever shall be required pursuant to Section 1.6) or shall not thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the Company or the Holders of Securities of such series
in the amount above specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and the place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York for such meeting and may call such meeting for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in clause
(1) of this Section. 
 Section 15.3 Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings. 

To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series, a Person shall be (1) a Holder of one or more
Outstanding Securities of such series, or (2) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for a Holder or Holders of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series by such Holder or Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled
to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the Company and
its counsel. 
 Section 15.4 Quorum; Action. 

The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for a
meeting of Holders of Securities of such series; 

  
 63 

 
provided, however, that if any action is to be taken at such meeting with respect to a consent or waiver which this Indenture expressly provides may be given by the Holders of at least 66-2/3% in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series, the Persons entitled to vote 66-2/3% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall constitute a quorum. The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of one or more series entitled to vote on a particular matter as a single class shall constitute a quorum for a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such matter. In the absence of a quorum
within 30 minutes after the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if convened at the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved. In any other case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10
days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any such adjourned meeting, such adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined
by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such adjourned meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall be given as provided in Section 15.2(1), except that such notice need be given only once not less than
five days prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of an adjourned meeting shall state expressly the percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
series which shall constitute a quorum. 
 Except as limited by the proviso to Section 9.2, any resolution presented to a
meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted only by the affirmative vote of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series or all affected series
voting as a single class, as the case may be; provided, however, that, except as limited by the proviso to Section 9.2, any resolution with respect to any consent or waiver which this Indenture expressly provides may be given by the Holders of
at least 66-2/3% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly convened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid only by the affirmative vote of the Holders of 66-2/3% in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series; and provided, further, that, except as limited by the proviso to Section 9.2, any resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act which this Indenture expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage, which is less than a majority, in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series or all affected series voting as
a single class, as the case may be, may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the affirmative vote of the Holders of such specified percentage in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series. 
 Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any
series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series, whether or not such Holders were present or represented at the meeting. 

Section 15.5 Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings. 

(1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for
any meeting of Holders of Securities of such series in regard to proof of the holding of Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination
of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, and such other 

  
 64 

 
matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations, the holding of Securities shall be proved in the
manner specified in Section 1.4 and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.4. Such regulations may provide that written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their face, may be presumed valid
and genuine without the proof specified in Section 1.4 or other proof. 
 (2) The Trustee shall, by an instrument in
writing, appoint a temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 15.2(2), in which case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series
calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting. 
 (3) At any meeting, each Holder of a Security of such
series or proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of Securities of such series held or represented by him; provided, however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Security challenged as
not Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote, except as a Holder of a Security of such series or proxy. 

(4) Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly called pursuant to Section 15.2 at which a quorum is present may be
adjourned from time to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting; and the meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice. 

Section 15.6 Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings. 

The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall be
subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of the Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The permanent chairman
of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the permanent secretary of the meeting their verified written reports in triplicate of
all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at least in triplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be prepared by the permanent secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said record the
original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more Persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was given as provided
in Section 15.2 and, if applicable, Section 15.4. Each copy shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to the Company, and another to the
Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated. 

* * * * * * * * * * 

  
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 This instrument may be
executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. 

  
 66 

  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written. 
  

			
	RADISYS CORPORATION
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Brian Bronson

	Name:	 	Brian Bronson
	Title:	 	Chief Financial Officer
	
	THE BANK OF NEW YORK TRUST
	COMPANY, N.A., not in its individual capacity, but solely as Trustee,
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Melonee Young

	Name:	 	Melonee Young
	Title:	 	Vice President

  
 67Securities Purchase Agreement

  
 Exhibit 10.1

 SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT 
 This Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of October     , 2010, between DARA BioSciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the
“Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively the “Purchasers”). 

WHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an effective registration statement under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the Company as
more fully described in this Agreement. 
 NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement,
and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows: 
 ARTICLE I. 
 DEFINITIONS 

1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms
have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1: 
 “Acquiring Person” shall have the meaning
ascribed to such term in Section 4.5. 
 “Action” shall have the meaning ascribed to such
term in Section 3.1(j). 
 “Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly
through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act. 

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company. 

“Business Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in
the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close. 
 “Closing” means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1. 

“Closing Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and
delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been
satisfied or waived. The Closing Date is expected to be on or about October 29, 2010. 

“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 

  
 1 

  

“Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share, and any other class of
securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed. 
 “Common Stock
Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, rights, options, warrants or other
instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock. 
 “Company Counsel” means K&L Gates LLP, with offices located at 4350 Lassiter at North Hills Avenue, Suite 300, Raleigh, North Carolina 27609. 

“Disclosure Schedules” means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.

 “Escrow Agent” means Signature Bank, a New York State chartered bank and having an office at
261 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016. 
 “Escrow Agreement” means the escrow agreement
entered into prior to the date hereof, by and among the Company and the Escrow Agent pursuant to which the Purchasers, shall deposit Subscription Amounts with the Escrow Agent to be applied to the transactions contemplated hereunder. 

“Evaluation Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(r). 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder. 
 “Exempt Issuance” means the issuance of (a) shares of Common
Stock or options to employees, officers, directors, or consultants of or to the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the
members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose, (b) securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or
convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise
price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities, and (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that any such issuance
shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company
additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in
securities. 

  
 2 

  

“FDA” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(gg). 

“FDCA” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(gg). 

“GAAP” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h). 

“Indebtedness” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(z). 

“Intellectual Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(o).

 “Liens” means a lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal,
preemptive right or other restriction. 
 “Material Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning
assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b). 
 “Material Permits” shall have the meaning
ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(m). 
 “Per Share Purchase Price” equals $2.25,
subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement. 

“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated
association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind. 
 “Pharmaceutical Product” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(gg). 
 “Pre-Notice” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(b). 
 “Proceeding” means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether
commenced or threatened. 
 “Pro Rata Portion” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in
Section 4.12(e). 
 “Prospectus” means the final prospectus filed for the Registration
Statement. 
 “Prospectus Supplement” means the supplement to the Prospectus complying with Rule
424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with the Commission and delivered by the Company to each Purchaser at the Closing. 
 “Purchaser Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8. 

  
 3 

  

“Registration Statement” means the effective registration statement with Commission file
No. 333-150150 which registers the sale of the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares to the Purchasers. 
 “Required Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e). 
 “Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation
hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same effect as such Rule. 
 “Rule
424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the
same purpose and effect as such Rule. 
 “SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such
term in Section 3.1(h). 
 “Securities” means the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant
Shares. 
 “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder. 
 “Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issued or
issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement. 
 “Short Sales” means all “short
sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include the location and/or reservation of borrowable shares of Common Stock).

“Subsequent Financing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(a). 

“Subsequent Financing Notice” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(b).

 “Subscription Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares
and Warrants purchased hereunder as specified below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Subscription Amount,” in United States dollars and in immediately available funds. 

“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a), and shall, where
applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof. 
 “Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading. 

  
 4 

  

“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or
quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE AMEX, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing). 

“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, the Warrants, the Escrow Agreement and any other documents
or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder. 
 “Transfer
Agent” means American Stock Transfer & Trust Company LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 6201 15th Avenue, 2nd Floor, Brooklyn, New York 11219 and a facsimile number of (718) 921-8323, and
any successor transfer agent of the Company. 
 “Warrants” means, collectively, the Common Stock
purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof, which Warrants shall be exercisable six months from the date of issuance and have a term of exercise equal to five years, in the form of
Exhibit A attached hereto. 
 “Warrant Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable
upon exercise of the Warrants. 
 “WS” means Weinstein Smith LLP with offices located at 420
Lexington Avenue, Suite 2620, New York, New York 10170-0002. 
 ARTICLE II. 

PURCHASE AND SALE 

2.1 Closing. On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with the
execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of 612,667 Shares and Warrants as calculated in Section 2.2(a)
below. Each Purchaser shall deliver to the Company, via wire transfer or a certified check of immediately available funds equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser and the
Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares and a Warrant as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing.
Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur at the offices of WS or such other location as the parties shall mutually agree. 

2.2 Deliveries. 
 (a) On or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following: 

(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company; 

  
 5 

  
 (ii) a
legal opinion of Company Counsel, substantially in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto; 
 (iii) a copy
of the irrevocable instructions to the Company’s transfer agent instructing the transfer agent to deliver via the Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian System (“DWAC”) Shares equal to such Purchaser’s
Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser; 
 (iv) a
Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 50% of such Purchaser’s Shares, with an exercise price equal to $2.79, subject to adjustment therein (such Warrant certificate may be
delivered within three Trading Days of the Closing Date); and 
 (v) the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement
(which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act). 
 (b) On or prior to the Closing
Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company or the Escrow Agent the following: 

(i) this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and 

(ii) to the Escrow Agent, such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the account as specified in the
Escrow Agreement. 
 2.3 Closing Conditions. 

(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being
met: 
 (i) the accuracy in all material respects on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of
the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein); 
 (ii) all obligations, covenants and
agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; and 
 (iii) the delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement. 
 (b) The respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met: 

(i) the accuracy in all material respects when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the
Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein); 

  
 6 

  
 (ii)
all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; 
 (iii) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement; 
 (iv) there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and 
 (v) from the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission (except for any suspension of trading of limited duration agreed to by the
Company, which suspension shall be terminated prior to the Closing), and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have
been established on securities whose trades are reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any
material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of each Purchaser,
makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing. 
 ARTICLE III. 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES 
 3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, any Company Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q filed since the filing date of such Annual Report, or any of the Company’s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed since the filing date of such Annual Report (including any exhibit thereto and document incorporated by reference therein),
and except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules (it being agreed that disclosure of any item in any section or subsection of the Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed to be disclosed with respect to any other section or subsection thereof or
hereof to which the relevance of such disclosure is readily apparent), which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part hereof, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser: 

(a) Subsidiaries. All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth on Schedule 3.1(a). Except as
set forth on Schedule 3.1(a), the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each
Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company has no subsidiaries, all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the
Transaction Documents shall be disregarded. 

  
 7 

  
 (b)
Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization,
with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective
certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each
jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to
result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or
otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i),
(ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.

 (c) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter
into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by each of the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of each of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the
consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s
stockholders in connection therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance
with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other
equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law. 
 (d) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions
contemplated hereby and thereby to which it is a party do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or
charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or
any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time 

  
 8 

 
or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a
party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree
or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or
affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. 
 (e) Filings, Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or
other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings required pursuant to
Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement, (iii) application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Securities for trading thereon, and (iv) such filings
as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the “Required Approvals”). 
 (f) Issuance of the Securities; Registration. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company other than restrictions on transfer provided for in the Transaction Documents. The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrants,
will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company other than restrictions on transfer provided for in the Transaction Documents. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock
the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement and the Warrants. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, which became effective
on April 18, 2008 (the “Effective Date”), including the Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement is effective under the
Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been
instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission. The Company, if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, proposes to file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b). At the time the
Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements
of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus and any
amendments or supplements thereto, at time the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and will 

  
 9 

 
conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in
order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. 

(g) Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company is as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g). Except as set
forth on Schedule 3.1(g), the Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company’s stock plans,
the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company’s employee stock plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report
under the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as a result of the purchase and
sale of the Securities, there are no outstanding options (other than employee, director and consultant stock options), warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or
obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary
is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the
Purchasers) and will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such securities. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase
securities. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with
respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders. 

(h) SEC Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other
documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof since February 12, 2008 (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and
documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of
filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable,
and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading. The Company has never been 

  
 10 

 
an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting
requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a
consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by
GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case
of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments. 
 (i) Material Changes;
Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof,
(i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than
(A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in
filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or
made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock plans. The Company does not have
pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(i), no event, liability, fact, circumstance,
occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective business, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required
to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made. 

(j) Litigation. There is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to
the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state,
county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”) which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if there were an
unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or
liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not 

  
 11 

 
pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or
other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act. 
 (k) Labor Relations. No material labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to
result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good. No executive officer, to the knowledge of the Company, is, or is now expected to be,
in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party,
and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S.
federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 
 (l) Compliance. Except as set forth on
Schedule 3.1(l), neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company
or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party
or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or governmental body or (iii) is or has been in
violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws applicable to its business and all such laws that affect the environment, except in each
case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. 
 (m) Regulatory
Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the
SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of
proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit. 
 (n) Title to Assets. The
Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company

  
 12 

 
and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and
proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under
lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance. 

(o) Patents and Trademarks. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent
applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or material for use in connection with their respective
businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice
(written or otherwise) that any of the Intellectual Property Rights used by the Company or any Subsidiary violates or infringes upon the rights of any Person. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and
there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual
properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 
 (p) Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the
businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to
believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.

 (q) Transactions With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the
officers or directors of the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and
directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or
such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for
(i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option or equity purchase agreements under any stock
plan of the Company. 

  
 13 

  
 (r)
Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls. The Company is in material compliance with all provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which are applicable to it as of the Closing Date. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of
internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded
accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company has established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules
13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,
summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of
the period covered by the Company’s most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the
conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal
control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. 

(s) Certain Fees. Except as set forth in the Prospectus Supplement, no brokerage or finder’s fees or
commissions are or will be payable by the Company to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The
Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the
Transaction Documents. 
 (t) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and
immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so
that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. 
 (u) Registration Rights. No Person has any right to cause the Company to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company. 

(v) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of
the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the 

  
 14 

 
registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. Schedule 3.1(v) describes
the most recent notification received by the Company from Nasdaq. 
 (w) Application of Takeover
Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement)
or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the
Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers’ ownership of the
Securities. 
 (x) Disclosure. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the
transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or
might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus Supplement. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in
securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company, its business and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true
and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company
acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof. Each press release issued by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries during the twelve (12) months preceding the date of this Agreement did not at the time of release contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. 
 (y) No Aggregated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any
Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be aggregated with prior
offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated. 

(z) Solvency. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving
effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets 

  
 15 

 
exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature,
(ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the
business conducted by the Company, and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its
assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability
to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for
reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. Schedule 3.1(z) sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the
Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other
than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the
Company’s balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease
payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness. 

(aa) Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and each Subsidiary has filed all necessary federal, state and foreign income and franchise tax returns and has paid or accrued all taxes shown as due thereon, and the Company has no
knowledge of a tax deficiency which has been asserted or threatened against the Company or any Subsidiary. 

(bb) Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company, nor to the knowledge of the Company, any agent or other person
acting on behalf of the Company, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment
to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company (or made by any person acting on its
behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended. 

(cc) Accountants. The Company’s accounting firm is set forth on Schedule 3.1(cc) of the Disclosure
Schedules. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be
included in the Company’s Annual Report for the year ending December 31, 2010. 

  
 16 

  
 (dd)
Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and
the transactions contemplated thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions
contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers’
purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions
contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives. 
 (ee) Acknowledgement Regarding Purchaser’s
Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Sections 3.2(e) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers have been asked
by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for
any specified term; (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private
placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities; (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or
indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Common Stock, and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative”
transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the
periods that the value of the Warrant Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders’ equity interests in the Company at and
after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents. 

(ff) Regulation M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has,
(i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for,
purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company, other than, in the
case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Company’s placement agent in connection with the placement of the Securities. 

  
 17 

  
 (gg)
FDA. As to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (“FDCA”) that is
manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold, and/or marketed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a “Pharmaceutical Product”), such Pharmaceutical Product is being manufactured, packaged,
labeled, tested, distributed, sold and/or marketed by the Company in compliance with all applicable requirements under FDCA and similar laws, rules and regulations relating to registration, investigational use, premarket clearance, licensure, or
application approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices, good clinical practices, product listing, quotas, labeling, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the failure to be in compliance would not have
a Material Adverse Effect. There is no pending, completed or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint, or investigation) against
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) contests the premarket clearance,
licensure, registration, or approval of, the uses of, the distribution of, the manufacturing or packaging of, the testing of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Pharmaceutical Product, (ii) withdraws its approval of, requests the
recall, suspension, or seizure of, or withdraws or orders the withdrawal of advertising or sales promotional materials relating to, any Pharmaceutical Product, (iii) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries, (iv) enjoins production at any facility of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (v) enters or proposes to enter into a consent decree of permanent injunction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or
(vi) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws, rules or regulations by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and which, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect. The properties, business and operations
of the Company have been and are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA, except where the failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect. The
Company has not been informed by the FDA that the FDA will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product proposed to be developed, produced or marketed by the Company nor has the FDA expressed any concern to the
Company as to approving or clearing for marketing any product being developed or proposed to be developed by the Company. 
 3.2
Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date
therein): 
 (a) Organization; Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly organized,
validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization with full right, corporate or partnership power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and otherwise
to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate,
partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document 

  
 18 

 
to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation
of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting
enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions
may be limited by applicable law. 
 (b) Understandings or Arrangements. Such Purchaser is acquiring the
Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation and warranty not limiting such
Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its
business. 
 (c) Purchaser Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the
date hereof it is, and on each date on which it exercises any Warrants, it will be either: (i) an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act or (ii) a
“qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act. Such Purchaser is not required to be registered as a broker-dealer under Section 15 of the Exchange Act. 

(d) Experience of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge,
sophistication and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is
able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment. 
 (e) Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any
understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first received a term sheet
(written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the
case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the
portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the
Securities covered by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this

  
 19 

 
transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to the
identification of the availability of, or securing of, available shares to borrow in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future. 
 The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and
warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the
transaction contemplated hereby. 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES 
 4.1 Warrant Shares. If all or any portion of a
Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the issuance or resale of the Warrant Shares or if the Warrant is exercised via cashless exercise, the Warrant Shares issued pursuant to any such exercise
shall be issued free of all legends. If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any subsequent registration statement registering the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available
for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall immediately notify the holders of the Warrants in writing that such registration statement is not then effective and thereafter shall immediately notify such holders when the
registration statement is effective again and available for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares (it being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit the ability of the Company to issue, or any Purchaser to sell, any of the Warrant
Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). The Company shall use best efforts to keep a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) registering the issuance or resale of the Warrant Shares effective
during the term of the Warrants. Upon a cashless exercise of a Warrant, the holding period for purposes of Rule 144 shall tack back to the original date of issuance of such Warrant. 

4.2 Furnishing of Information. Until the earliest of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities or (ii) the Warrants have
expired, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the
Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. As long as any Purchaser owns Securities, if the Company is not required to file reports pursuant to the Exchange Act, it will prepare and furnish to the Purchasers and
make publicly available in accordance with Rule 144(c) such information as is required for the Purchasers to sell the Securities, including without limitation, under Rule 144. The Company further covenants that it will take such further action as
any holder of Securities may reasonably request, to the extent required from time to time to enable such Person to sell such Securities without registration under the Securities Act, including without limitation, within the requirements of the
exemption provided by Rule 144. 
 4.3 Aggregation. The Company shall not sell any security (as defined in Section 2 of the
Securities Act) that would be aggregated with the sale of the Securities for purposes of any 

  
 20 

 
then-applicable rules and regulations of any Trading Market to the extent that such subsequent sale would require shareholder approval pursuant to such rules and regulations prior to the closing
thereof unless such shareholder approval is obtained prior to such closing. 
 4.4 Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The
Company shall, by 8:30 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date hereof, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and, within the time period required by the
Securities Act, file a Form 8-K describing the transaction, and including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public
information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Company
and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such
public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company (other than the press release described
in the first sentence of this Section 4.4), which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice
of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading
Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with the filing of final Transaction Documents (including signature pages thereto) with the Commission and (b) to
the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b). 

4.5 Shareholder Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that
any Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted
by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.

 4.6 Non-Public Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the
Transaction Documents, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that the Company believes constitutes material non-public
information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have executed a written agreement with the Company regarding the confidentiality and use of such information. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the
foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. 

  
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 4.7 Use of Proceeds.
Except as set forth on Schedule 4.7 attached hereto, the Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder for working capital purposes. 
 4.8 Indemnification of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.8, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners,
employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15
of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles
notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all
judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations,
warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any
stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is based upon a breach of such Purchaser Party’s representations,
warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such
Purchaser Party which constitutes fraud, gross negligence, willful misconduct or malfeasance). If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party
shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ
separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically
authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel, a material conflict on
any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be
liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only
to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction
Documents. 
 4.9 Reservation of Common Stock. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to
reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement and Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the
Warrants. 

  
 22 

  
 4.10 Listing of Common
Stock. The Company hereby agrees to use reasonable efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote
all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market and promptly seek to secure the listing of all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on
any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Shares and Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares and Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading
Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on such other Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company’s reporting, filing
and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. 
 4.11 [RESERVED]. 

4.12 Participation in Future Financing. 
 (a) From the date hereof until the date that is the 6 month anniversary of the Closing Date, upon any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock, Common Stock Equivalents for cash
consideration, Indebtedness or a combination of units hereof (a “Subsequent Financing”), each Purchaser shall have the right to participate in up to an amount of the Subsequent Financing equal to 50% of the Subsequent Financing (the
“Participation Maximum”) on the same terms, conditions and price provided for in the Subsequent Financing. 
 (b) At least five (5) Trading Days prior to the closing of the Subsequent Financing, the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser a written notice of its intention to effect a Subsequent Financing
(“Pre-Notice”), which Pre-Notice shall ask such Purchaser if it wants to review the details of such financing (such additional notice, a “Subsequent Financing Notice”). Upon the request of a Purchaser, and only upon
a request by such Purchaser, for a Subsequent Financing Notice, the Company shall promptly, but no later than one (1) Trading Day after such request, deliver a Subsequent Financing Notice to such Purchaser. The Subsequent Financing Notice shall
describe in reasonable detail the proposed terms of such Subsequent Financing, the amount of proceeds intended to be raised thereunder and the Person or Persons through or with whom such Subsequent Financing is proposed to be effected and shall
include a term sheet or similar document relating thereto as an attachment. 
 (c) Any
Purchaser desiring to participate in such Subsequent Financing must provide written notice to the Company by not later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on the fifth (5th) Trading Day after all of the Purchasers have received the Pre-Notice that such Purchaser is willing to
participate in the Subsequent Financing, the amount of such Purchaser’s participation, and representing and warranting that such Purchaser has such funds ready, willing, and available for investment on the terms set forth in the Subsequent

  
 23 

 
Financing Notice. If the Company receives no such notice from a Purchaser as of such fifth (5th) Trading Day, such Purchaser shall be deemed to have notified the Company that it does not elect to participate.

 (d) If by 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on the fifth (5th ) Trading Day after all of the Purchasers have received the
Pre-Notice, notifications by the Purchasers of their willingness to participate in the Subsequent Financing (or to cause their designees to participate) is, in the aggregate, less than the total amount of the Subsequent Financing, then the Company
may effect the remaining portion of such Subsequent Financing on the terms and with the Persons set forth in the Subsequent Financing Notice. 

(e) If by 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on the fifth (5th) Trading Day after all of the Purchasers have received the
Pre-Notice, the Company receives responses to a Subsequent Financing Notice from Purchasers seeking to purchase more than the aggregate amount of the Participation Maximum, each such Purchaser shall have the right to purchase its Pro Rata Portion
(as defined below) of the Participation Maximum. “Pro Rata Portion” means the ratio of (x) the Subscription Amount of Securities purchased on the Closing Date by a Purchaser participating under this Section 4.12 and
(y) the sum of the aggregate Subscription Amounts of Securities purchased on the Closing Date by all Purchasers participating under this Section 4.12. 
 (f) The Company must provide the Purchasers with a second Subsequent Financing Notice, and the Purchasers will again have the right of participation set forth above in this Section 4.12, if the
Subsequent Financing subject to the initial Subsequent Financing Notice is not consummated for any reason on the terms set forth in such Subsequent Financing Notice within thirty (30) Trading Days after the date of the initial Subsequent
Financing Notice. 
 (g) Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.12 shall not apply in respect of
(i) an Exempt Issuance, or (ii) an underwritten public offering of Common Stock. 
 4.13 Equal Treatment of
Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of any of the Transaction Documents unless the same
consideration is also offered to all of the parties to the Transaction Documents. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is
intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities or otherwise. 

4.14 Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that
neither it nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this
Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other
Purchasers, covenants that until such time as 

  
 24 

 
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, such Purchaser will maintain the
confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information included in the Disclosure Schedules. Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company
expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in
accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser
shall have any duty of confidentiality to the Company or its Subsidiaries after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed
investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of
such Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement. 

4.15 Delivery of Warrants After Closing. The Company shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, the respective Warrant certificates
purchased by each Purchaser to such Purchaser within 3 Trading Days of the Closing Date. 
 ARTICLE V. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

5.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder only and
without any effect whatsoever on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before October 29, 2010; provided, however, that no such termination
will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by the other party (or parties). 
 5.2 Fees and Expenses. Except as
expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation,
preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees, stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers. 

5.3 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus
Supplement contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged
into such documents, exhibits and schedules. 

  
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5.4 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder
shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number set forth on the signature pages attached hereto
prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number set forth on the signature pages attached
hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or
(d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto. 

5.5 Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument
signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Purchasers holding at least 67% in interest of the Shares based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such
waived provision is sought. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other
provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. 
 5.6 Headings. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof. 

5.7 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and
permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to
any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the
“Purchasers.” 
 5.8 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto
and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8 and except that Ladenburg Thalmann & Co.,
Inc. is an intended third-party beneficiary hereunder. 
 5.9 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction,
validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each
party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective
affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably

  
 26 

 
submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith
or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim
that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents
to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement
and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party
shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.8, the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the
other party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding. 
 5.10 Survival. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities for twenty-four (24) months. 

5.11 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and
the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party, it being understood that both parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered
by facsimile transmission or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect
as if such facsimile or “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof. 
 5.12 Severability. If any term, provision,
covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and
effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated
by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that
may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable. 
 5.13 Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not
timely perform its related obligations within the periods (including any cure periods) therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice,
demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and 

  
 27 

 
rights; provided, however, that in the case of a rescission of an exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any shares of Common Stock subject to any such
rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration of such Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Purchaser’s
Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right). 
 5.14 Replacement of
Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation),
or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such
circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities. 
 5.15 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific
performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and
not to assert in any action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate. 

5.16 Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document
or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside,
recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or
equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such
enforcement or setoff had not occurred. 
 5.17 Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations
of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser
under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or
any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to
independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party
in any proceeding for such purpose. Each 

  
 28 

 
Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in their review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. For reasons of administrative convenience only, each Purchaser and
its respective counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through WS. WS does not represent any of the Purchasers and only represents Ladenburg Thalmann & Co., Inc. The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same
terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers. 
 5.18 Liquidated Damages. The Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not
terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other amounts have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts are due and payable shall have been
canceled. 
 5.19 Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration
of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day. 
 5.20 Construction. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel has reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of
construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments hereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices
and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this
Agreement. 
 5.21 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY
OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY. 

(Signature Pages Follow) 

  
 29 

  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above. 
  

							
	DARA BIOSCIENCES, INC.	 		 	Address for Notice:
				
	By:	 	  
	 		 	Fax:
		 	Name:	 		 	
		 	Title:	 		 	
	With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):	 		 	

 [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS] 

  
 30 

  
 [PURCHASER SIGNATURE
PAGES TO DARA SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT] 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase
Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above. 
  

			
	Name of Purchaser:	 	  

			
		
	Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser:	  	  

			
		
	Name of Authorized Signatory:	 	  

			
		
	Title of Authorized Signatory:	 	  

			
		
	Email Address of Authorized Signatory:	 	  

			
		
	Facsimile Number of Authorized Signatory:	 	  

			
		
	Address for Notice of Purchaser:	 	

 Address for Delivery of Securities for Purchaser (if not same as address for notice): 

DWAC Instructions: 
 Subscription Amount:
$                                        

 Shares:
                                        

 Warrant Shares:
                                        

 EIN Number: [PROVIDE THIS UNDER SEPARATE COVER] 
 [SIGNATURE PAGES CONTINUE] 

  
 31

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