Document:

Exhibit 4.9

 

INDENTURE

between

Akoustis Technologies, Inc.

and

[________]

TRUSTEE

 

Dated as of [________]

 

Providing
for Issuance of

Debt Securities in Series

 

 

 

     

     

    

 

Reconciliation and tie between Indenture,
dated as of ______________, and the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.

 

	Trust Indenture Act of 1939 Section	 	Indenture Section
	310(a)(1)	 	6.11
	(a)(2)	 	6.11
	(a)(3)	 	TIA
	(a)(4)	 	Not Applicable
	(a)(5)	 	TIA
	(b)	 	6.9; 6.11; TIA
	 	 	 
	311(a)	 	TIA
	(b)	 	TIA
	 	 	 
	312(a)	 	6.7
	(b)	 	TIA
	(c)	 	TIA
	 	 	 
	313(a)	 	6.6; TIA
	(b)	 	TIA
	(c)	 	6.6; TIA
	(d)	 	6.6
	 	 	 
	314(a)	 	9.6; 9.7; TIA
	(b)	 	Not Applicable
	(c)(1)	 	1.2
	(c)(2)	 	1.2
	(c)(3)	 	Not Applicable
	(d)	 	Not Applicable
	(e)	 	1.2
	(f)	 	TIA
	 	 	 
	315(a)	 	TIA
	(b)	 	6.5
	(c)	 	6.1
	(d)(1)	 	TIA
	(d)(2)	 	TIA
	(d)(3)	 	TIA
	(e)	 	TIA

 

     

     

    

 

	 	 	 
	316(a)(1)(A)	 	5.8
	(a)(1)(B)	 	5.7
	(b)	 	5.2; 5.10
	(c)	 	TIA
	 	 	 
	317(a)(1)	 	5.3
	(a)(2)	 	5.4
	(b)	 	9.3
	 	 	 
	318(a)	 	1.11
	(b)	 	TIA
	(c)	 	1.11; TIA
	 	 	 

 

Note: This Cross-Reference Table shall not, for any purpose,
be deemed to be part of the Indenture.

 

     

     

    

 

Table of
Contents

 

 

	 	Page
	Article I DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION	1
	Section 1.1. DEFINITIONS	1
	Section 1.2. COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS	8
	Section 1.3. FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE	8
	Section 1.4. ACTS OF HOLDERS	9
	Section 1.5. NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY	11
	Section 1.6. NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER	11
	Section 1.7. HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS	12
	Section 1.8. SUCCESSOR AND ASSIGNS	12
	Section 1.9. SEPARABILITY	12
	Section 1.10. BENEFITS OF INDENTURE	12
	Section 1.11. GOVERNING LAW	12
	Section 1.12. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL	13
	Section 1.13. LEGAL HOLIDAYS	13
	Section 1.14. NO RECOURSE AGAINST OTHERS	13
	Article II SECURITY FORMS	14
	Section 2.1. FORMS GENERALLY	14
	Section 2.2. FORM OF TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION	14
	Section 2.3. SECURITIES IN GLOBAL FORM	14
	Section 2.4. FORM OF LEGEND FOR SECURITIES IN GLOBAL FORM	15
	Article III THE SECURITIES	15
	Section 3.1. AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES	15
	Section 3.2. DENOMINATIONS	19
	Section 3.3. EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING	19
	Section 3.4. TEMPORARY SECURITIES	21
	Section 3.5. REGISTRATION, TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE	22
	Section 3.6. REPLACEMENT SECURITIES	24
	Section 3.7. PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED	25
	Section 3.8. PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS	26
	Section 3.9. CANCELLATION	27
	Section 3.10. COMPUTATION OF INTEREST	27
	Section 3.11. CURRENCY AND MANNER OF PAYMENT IN RESPECT OF SECURITIES	27
	Section 3.12. APPOINTMENT AND RESIGNATION OF EXCHANGE RATE AGENT	32
	Section 3.13. WIRE TRANSFERS	32
	Section 3.14. CUSIP NUMBERS AND ISINS	32

 

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	Article IV SATISFACTION, DISCHARGE AND DEFEASANCE	33
	Section 4.1. TERMINATION OF COMPANY’S OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE INDENTURE	33
	Section 4.2. APPLICATION OF TRUST FUNDS	34
	Section 4.3. APPLICABILITY OF DEFEASANCE PROVISIONS; COMPANY’S OPTION TO EFFECT DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE	34
	Section 4.4. DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE	34
	Section 4.5. COVENANT DEFEASANCE	35
	Section 4.6. CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE	35
	Section 4.7. DEPOSITED MONEY AND GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN TRUST	37
	Section 4.8. REPAYMENT TO COMPANY	37
	Section 4.9. INDEMNITY FOR GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS	37
	Article V DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES	38
	Section 5.1. EVENTS OF DEFAULT	38
	Section 5.2. ACCELERATION; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT	38
	Section 5.3. COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE	39
	Section 5.4. TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM	39
	Section 5.5. TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF SECURITIES	40
	Section 5.6. DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER	40
	Section 5.7. WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS	40
	Section 5.8. CONTROL BY MAJORITY	40
	Section 5.9. LIMITATION ON SUITS BY HOLDERS	40
	Section 5.10. RIGHTS OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PAYMENT	41
	Section 5.11. APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED	41
	Section 5.12. RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES	42
	Section 5.13. RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE	43
	Article VI THE TRUSTEE	43
	Section 6.1. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF TRUSTEE; RELIANCE ON DOCUMENTS, OPINIONS, ETC	43
	Section 6.2. TRUSTEE, PAYING AGENTS, CONVERSION AGENTS OR REGISTRAR MAY HOLD SECURITIES	46
	Section 6.3. MONIES TO BE HELD IN TRUST	46
	Section 6.4. NO RESPONSIBILITIES FOR RECITALS, ETC	47
	Section 6.5. NOTICE OF DEFAULTS	47
	Section 6.6. REPORTS BY TRUSTEE TO HOLDERS	47
	Section 6.7. SECURITY HOLDER LISTS	48
	Section 6.8. COMPENSATION AND INDEMNITY	48
	Section 6.9. SEPARATE TRUSTEE; REPLACEMENT OF TRUSTEE	49

 

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	Section 6.10. ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR	50
	Section 6.11. ELIGIBILITY; DISQUALIFICATION	51
	Section 6.12. MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS	51
	Section 6.13. APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT	52
	Article VII CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE BY THE COMPANY	53
	Section 7.1. CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE OF ASSETS	53
	Article VIII SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	53
	Section 8.1. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS	53
	Section 8.2. WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS	55
	Section 8.3. COMPLIANCE WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT	56
	Section 8.4. EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	56
	Section 8.5. EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	56
	Section 8.6. REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	56
	Article IX COVENANTS	57
	Section 9.1. PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM, IF ANY, AND INTEREST	57
	Section 9.2. MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY	57
	Section 9.3. MONEY FOR SECURITIES TO BE HELD IN TRUST; UNCLAIMED MONEY	57
	Section 9.4. CORPORATE EXISTENCE	58
	Section 9.5. REPORTS BY THE COMPANY	59
	Section 9.6. ANNUAL REVIEW CERTIFICATE	59
	Article X REDEMPTION	59
	Section 10.1. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE	59
	Section 10.2. ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE	60
	Section 10.3. SELECTION OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED	60
	Section 10.4. NOTICE OF REDEMPTION	61
	Section 10.5. DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE	61
	Section 10.6. SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE	62
	Section 10.7. SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART	62
	Article XI SINKING FUNDS	62
	Section 11.1. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE	62
	Section 11.2. SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES	63
	Section 11.3. REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND	63

 

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INDENTURE, dated as of [•], between
Akoustis Technologies, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Company”),
and [•], as trustee, a national banking association organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America,
as trustee (the “Trustee”).

 

RECITALS

 

The Company has duly authorized the execution
and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness
(“Securities”) to be issued in one or more series as herein provided.

 

For and in consideration of the premises
and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable
benefit of the Holders of the Securities or of any series thereof:

 

Article
I

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS

OF GENERAL APPLICATION

 

Section 1.1.     DEFINITIONS. (a) For all purposes
of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

 

(1)          
the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the
singular;

 

(2)          
all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have
the meanings assigned to them therein;

 

(3)          
all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles; and

 

(4)          
the words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer
to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

 

“Affiliate” of any specified
Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by, or under direct or indirect common control with,
such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any specified Person means
the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting
securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative
to the foregoing.

 

“Agent” means any Paying Agent
or Registrar.

 

“Authenticating Agent” means
any authenticating agent appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.13.

 

     

     

    

 

“Board” or “Board of Directors”
means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof to act on behalf of the Board.

 

“Board Resolution” means a copy
of one or more resolutions of the Board of Directors, certified by the Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company
to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate.

 

“Business Day”, when used with
respect to any Place of Payment or any other particular location referred to in this Indenture or in the Securities, means, unless
otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday
which is not a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment or particular location are authorized or required by
law to be closed, except as may otherwise be provided in the form of Security of any particular series pursuant to the provisions
of this Indenture.

 

“Commission” means the Securities
and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, or, if at any time after the execution of this Indenture such Commission
is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties
at such time.

 

“Common Stock” means the shares
of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, of the Company.

 

“Company” means the party named
as the Company in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions
of this Indenture, and thereafter means such successors.

 

“Company Order” and “Company
Request” mean, respectively, a written order or request signed in the name of the Company by the President, the Chief Executive
Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, any Vice President, the Treasurer or the Corporate Secretary of the Company.

 

“Corporate Trust Office” means
the corporate trust office of the Trustee at which at any particular time this Indenture shall be principally administered, which
office at the date hereof is located at [•].

 

“Currency unit”, for all purposes
of this Indenture, shall include any composite currency.

 

“Default” means any event which
is, or after notice or passage of time, or both, would be, an Event of Default.

 

“Depository”, when used with
respect to the Securities of or within any series issuable or issued in whole or in part in global form, means the Person designated
as Depository by the Company pursuant to Section 3.1 until a successor Depository shall have become such pursuant to the applicable
provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter shall mean or include each Person which is then a Depository hereunder, and if at
any time there is more than one such Person, shall be a collective reference to such Persons.

 

    2

    

    

 

“Dollar” or “$”
means the coin or currency of the United States as at the time of payment is legal tender for the payment of public and private
debts.

 

“Euro” means the lawful currency
of the participating member states of the European Union that adopt a single currency in accordance with the Treaty establishing
the European Community, as amended by the Treaty on European Union signed February 7, 1992.

 

“Foreign Currency” shall mean
any currency issued by the government or governments of one or more countries other than the United States or by any recognized
confederation or association of such governments and shall include the Euro.

 

“Government Obligations” means
securities which are (i) direct obligations of the United States or, if specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, the government
which issued the currency in which the Securities of a particular series are payable, for the payment of which its full faith and
credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the
United States or, if specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, such government which issued the foreign currency in which the Securities
of such series are payable, for the payment of which the full faith and credit of the United States or such other government is
pledged (whether by guaranty or otherwise), which, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof,
and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Government
Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account
of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction
from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government
Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

 

“Holder” means a person in whose
name a Registered Security is registered on the Register.

 

“Indenture” means this instrument
as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto
entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental
indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental
indenture, respectively; provided, however, that if at any time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under this Indenture
due to the appointment of one or more separate Trustees for any one or more separate series of Securities, “Indenture”
shall mean, with respect to such series of Securities for which any such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed
or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to
the applicable provisions hereof, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of Securities
for which such Person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted, and exclusive of any provisions
or terms adopted by means of one or more indentures supplemental hereto executed and delivered after such Person had become such
Trustee, but to which such Person, as such Trustee, was not a party; provided further that in the event that this indenture is
supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto which are only applicable to certain series of Securities,
the term “Indenture” for a particular series of Securities shall only include the supplemental indentures applicable
thereto.

 

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“Indexed Security” means a Security
the terms of which provide that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the principal
face amount thereof at original issuance.

 

“Interest”, when used with respect
to an Original Issue Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.

 

“Interest Payment Date”, when
used with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

 

“Maturity”, when used with respect
to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable
as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

 

“Officer” means the President,
Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer the Treasurer, any
Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, any Vice President (whether or not designated by a number or numbers or word or words added
before the title “Vice President”), or the Corporate Secretary of the Company.

 

“Officer’s Certificate”
means a certificate signed by an Officer of the Company.

 

“Opinion of Counsel” means a
written opinion of legal counsel, who may be, without limitation, (a) an employee of the Company, or (b) outside counsel designated
by the Company.

 

“Original Issue Discount Security”
means any Security which provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration
of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2.

 

“Outstanding”, when used with
respect to Securities of any series, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture, except:

 

(i)           
Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

 

(ii)          
Securities, or portions thereof, for whose payment or redemption money or Government Obligations in the necessary amount
has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated
in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities, provided that, if
such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provisions therefor
satisfactory to the Trustee have been made;

 

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(iii)        
Securities, except to the extent provided in Sections 4.4 and 4.5, with respect to which the Company has effected defeasance
and/or covenant defeasance as provided in Article IV; and

 

(iv)        
Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 3.6 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been
authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been
presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities
are valid obligations of the Company;

 

provided, however, that unless otherwise provided with respect
to Securities of any series pursuant to Section 3.1, in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, or whether
sufficient funds are available for redemption or for any other purpose, and for the purpose of making the calculations required
by section 313 of the Trust Indenture Act or are present at a meeting of Holders for quorum purposes, (w) the principal amount
of any Original Issue Discount Securities that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall be deemed
to be Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the amount of principal thereof that would be (or shall have been declared
to be) due and payable, at the time of such determination, upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant
to Section 5.2, (x) the principal amount of any Security denominated in one or more Foreign Currencies or currency units that may
be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall be deemed Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to
the Dollar equivalent, determined as of the date such Security is originally issued by the Company as set forth in an Exchange
Rate Officer’s Certificate delivered to the Trustee, of the principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount
Security, the Dollar equivalent, determined as of such date of original issuance, of the amount determined as provided in clause
(w) above) of such Security, (y) unless otherwise provided with respect to such Security pursuant to Section 3.1, the principal
amount of any Indexed Security that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall be deemed Outstanding
for such purpose shall be equal to the principal face amount of such Indexed Security at original issuance, and (z) Securities
owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be
disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in making such
calculation or in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, or determination
as to the presence of a quorum, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall
be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes
to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is
not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor.

 

“Paying Agent” means any Person
authorized by the Company to pay the principal of, premium, if any, or interest and any other payments on all or any of the series
of Securities on behalf of the Company.

 

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“Periodic Offering” means an
offering of Securities of a series from time to time the specific terms of which such Securities, including, without limitation,
the rate or rates of interest or formula for determining the rate or rates of interest thereon, if any, the Maturity thereof and
the redemption provisions, if any, with respect thereto, are to be determined by the Company upon the issuance of such Securities.

 

“Person” means any individual,
corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization
or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof or any other entity.

 

“Place of Payment”, when used
with respect to the Securities of or within any series, means the place or places where the principal of, premium, if any, and
interest and any other payments on such Securities are payable as specified as contemplated by Sections 3.1 and 9.2.

 

“Predecessor Security” of any
particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular
Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.6 in exchange for
or in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Security.

 

“Preferred Stock” as applied
to the capital stock of the Company means capital stock of any class or classes (however designated) which is preferred as to the
payment of dividends, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution of the Company,
over shares of Common Stock of such corporation.

 

“Redemption Date”, when used
with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

 

“Redemption Price”, when used
with respect to any Security to be redeemed, in whole or in part, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this
Indenture.

 

“Registered Security” means
any Security issued hereunder and registered as to principal and interest in the Register.

 

“Regular Record Date” for the
interest payable on any Interest Payment Date on the Securities of or within any series means the date specified for that purpose
as contemplated by Section 3.1, which date shall be, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1, the fifteenth day preceding
such Interest Payment Date, whether or not such day shall be a Business Day.

 

“Responsible Officer”, when
used with respect to the Trustee, shall mean any senior vice president, vice president, any assistant vice president or assistant
secretary working in its corporate trust department and assigned responsibility for this engagement, or any other officer of the
Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by the persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively,
working in its corporate trust department and assigned responsibility for this engagement, or to whom any corporate trust matter
relating to the Indenture or the Securities is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.

 

    6

    

    

 

“Security” or “Securities”
has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means a Security or Securities of the Company
issued, authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

 

“Special Record Date” for the
payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.7.

 

“Stated Maturity”, when used
with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security
as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

 

“Subsidiary” means any Person
of which the Company at the time owns or controls, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the shares of outstanding stock or
other equity interests having general voting power under ordinary circumstances to elect a majority of the Board of Directors,
managers or trustees, as the case may be, of such Person (irrespective of whether or not at the time stock of any other class or
classes or other equity interests of such corporation shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency).

 

“Trust Indenture Act” means
the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in effect on the date of this Indenture, except as provided in Section 8.3.

 

“Trustee” means the party named
as such in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Trustee replaces it pursuant to the applicable provisions of
this Indenture, and thereafter means such successor Trustee and if, at any time, there is more than one Trustee, “Trustee”
as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to the Securities of that series.

 

“United States” means, unless
otherwise specified with respect to the Securities of any series as contemplated by Section 3.1, the United States of America (including
the States and the District of Columbia), its territories, its possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction.

 

“U.S. Person” means, unless
otherwise specified with respect to the Securities of any series as contemplated by Section 3.1, an individual citizen or resident
of the United States, a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District
of Columbia, or a partnership, estate or trust treated as a domestic partnership, estate or trust for United States federal income
tax purposes.

 

(b)          
The following terms shall have the meanings specified in the Sections referred to opposite such term below:

 

	Term	 	Section 
	 	 	 
	“Act”	 	1.4(a)
	“Bankruptcy Law”	 	5.1
	“Component Currency”	 	3.11(h)
	“Conversion Date”	 	3.11(d)
	“Conversion Event”	 	3.11(h)

 

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	“Custodian”	 	5.1
	“Defaulted Interest”	 	3.7(b)
	“Election Date”	 	3.11(h)
	“Event of Default”	 	5.1
	“Exchange Rate Agent”	 	3.11(h)
	“Exchange Rate Officer’s Certificate”	 	3.11(h)
	“Market Exchange Rate”	 	3.11(h)
	“Register”	 	3.5
	“Registrar”	 	3.5
	“Specified Amount”	 	3.11(h)
	“Valuation Date”	 	3.11(c)

 

Section 1.2.     COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND
OPINIONS. Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture,
the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided
for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion
of such counsel all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any application or request
as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular
application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.

 

Every certificate or opinion with respect
to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than pursuant to Sections 2.3) shall include:

 

(1)          
a statement that the individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such condition or covenant and any definitions
in this Indenture that are used in such certificate or opinion;

 

(2)          
a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained
in such certificate or opinion are based;

 

(3)          
a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary
to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such condition or covenant has been complied with; and

 

(4)          
a statement as to whether, in the opinion of such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

 

Section 1.3.     FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED
TO TRUSTEE. In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person,
it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be
so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and
one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one
or several documents.

 

    8

    

    

 

Any certificate or opinion of an officer
of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, counsel,
unless such officer knows that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate
or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters,
upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information with
respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows that the certificate or opinion
or representations as to such matters are erroneous.

 

Any certificate or opinion of an officer
of the Company or of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to accounting matters, upon a certificate or opinion of or representations
by an accountant or firm of accountants in the employ of the Company, unless such officer or counsel, as the case may be, knows
that the certificate or opinions or representations as to such accounting matters are erroneous.

 

Where any Person is required to make, give
or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture,
they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

 

Section 1.4.      ACTS OF HOLDERS. (a) Any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders
may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or
by agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when
such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument
or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act”
of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any
such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made
in the manner provided in this Section.

 

(b)          
The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness
of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying
that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by a
signer acting in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient
proof of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing
the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

 

(c)           
The ownership of Registered Securities shall be proved by the Register (as defined in Section 3.5 below).

 

    9

    

    

 

(d)          
Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall
bind every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof
or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company
in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security.

 

(e)           
If the Company shall solicit from the Holders of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other Act, the Company may, at its option, fix in advance a record date for the determination of Holders of such series
entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the Company shall have
no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the Holders of such series of record at the close of business
on such record date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purposes of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of
Outstanding Securities of such series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of such series shall be computed as of such
record date; provided that no such authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders on such record date shall be deemed effective
unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date (as defined below) by Holders of the requisite amount of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Company from setting
a new record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record
date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be cancelled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph
shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite amount of Outstanding Securities of any series
on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Company, at its own expense,
shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Trustee
in writing and to each Holder of Securities in the manner set forth in Section 1.6.

 

With respect to any record date set pursuant
to this Section 1.4, the Company may designate any date as the “Expiration Date” and from time to time may change the
Expiration Date to any earlier or later day; provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the proposed new
Expiration Date is given to the Trustee, and to each Holder of Securities of the applicable series in the manner set forth in Section
1.6 on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration Date is not designated with respect to any record date pursuant
to this Section, the Company shall be deemed to have initially designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration
Date with respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Expiration Date as provided in this paragraph. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, no Expiration Date shall be later than the 180th day after the applicable record date.

 

(f)           
Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to take any action hereunder with regard to any particular Security
may do so with regard to all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly appointed agents, each
of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with regard to all or any part of such principal amount.

 

    10

    

    

 

(g)         
The Company and the Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders.

 

Section 1.5.      NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND
COMPANY. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other document provided or
permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with:

 

if to the Company:

 

Akoustis Technologies, Inc.

9805 Northcross Center Court, Suite A

Huntersville, NC 28078

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

 

if to the Trustee:

 

[•]

 

Notices to the Trustee are deemed given
only upon actual receipt by the Trustee.

 

The Company or the Trustee by notice to
the other may designate additional or different addresses (including facsimile numbers and electronic addresses) for subsequent
notices or communications.

 

Any notice or communication shall be in
writing and delivered in person or mailed by first-class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), facsimile transmission,
electronic transmission or other similar means of unsecured electronic communication or overnight air courier guaranteeing next
day delivery.

 

Section 1.6.      NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER.
Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, if any of the Securities affected by such event are Registered
Securities, such notice to the Holders thereof shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein or in the terms of such Securities
expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each such Holder affected by such event, at his address
as it appears in the Register, within the time prescribed for the giving of such notice; provided that notices given to Holders
of Securities in global form may be given electronically through the facilities of the Depository.

 

In any case where notice to Holders is given
by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect
the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Registered Securities as provided herein. In any case where notice
is given to Holders by publication, neither the failure to publish such notice, nor any defect in any notice so published, shall
affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to the sufficiency of any notice to Holders of Registered Securities given as
provided herein. Any notice mailed to a Holder in the manner herein prescribed shall be conclusively deemed to have been received
by such Holder, whether or not such Holder actually receives such notice.

 

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If by reason of the suspension of regular
mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice as provided above, then such notification
as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld) shall constitute a sufficient
notification for every purpose hereunder. If it is impossible or, in the opinion of the Trustee, impracticable to give any notice
by publication in the manner herein required, then such publication in lieu thereof as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee
shall constitute a sufficient publication of such notice.

 

Any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language, except that any published
notice may be in an official language of the country of publication.

 

Where this Indenture provides for notice
in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event,
and such waiver shall be equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing
shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

 

Section 1.7.      HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.
The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction
hereof.

 

Section 1.8.      SUCCESSOR AND ASSIGNS. All
covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successor and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

 

Any act or proceeding that is required or
permitted by any provision of this Indenture and that is authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee
or officer of the Company shall and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the like board, committee or officer
of any corporation that shall at the time be the successor or assign of the Company.

 

Section 1.9.      SEPARABILITY. In case any provision
of this Indenture or any Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the
remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

 

Section 1.10.    BENEFITS OF INDENTURE. Nothing
in this Indenture or in any Securities, expressed or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their
successors hereunder, any Agent and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

 

Section 1.11.     GOVERNING LAW. UNLESS OTHERWISE
PROVIDED WITH RESPECT TO ANY SECURITIES OF ANY SERIES PURSUANT TO SECTION 3.1, THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES APPERTAINING THERETO
SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, INCLUDING ALL MATTERS OF CONSTRUCTION,
VALIDITY AND PERFORMANCE. This Indenture is subject to the Trust Indenture Act and if any provision hereof limits, qualifies or
conflicts with a provision included in this Indenture which is required by the Trust Indenture Act, the latter provision shall
control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust Indenture Act that may be so modified
or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified, or to be excluded, as the case may
be, whether or not such provision of this Indenture refers expressly to such provision of the Trust Indenture Act.

 

    12

    

    

 

Section 1.12.     WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH
OF THE COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND EACH HOLDER (BY ITS ACCEPTANCE OF ANY SECURITY) HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT
PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE,
THE SECURITIES OR THE TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. EACH OF THE COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND EACH HOLDER (BY ITS ACCEPTANCE OF ANY
SECURITY) HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY STATE OR U.S. FEDERAL COURT IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK AND COUNTY
OF NEW YORK IN RESPECT OF ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES, AND IRREVOCABLY
ACCEPTS FOR ITSELF AND IN RESPECT OF ITS PROPERTY, GENERALLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY, JURISDICTION OF THE AFORESAID COURTS.

 

Section 1.13.     LEGAL HOLIDAYS. Unless otherwise
provided with respect to any Security or Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, in any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption
Date, sinking fund payment date, Stated Maturity or Maturity or other payment date of any Security shall not be a Business Day
at any Place of Payment, then, notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any Security, payment of principal, premium,
if any or interest or other payments need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding
Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on such date; provided that no interest shall accrue
on the amount so payable for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, sinking fund payment date,
Stated Maturity or Maturity or other payment date, as the case may be.

 

Section 1.14.     NO RECOURSE AGAINST OTHERS.
No past, present or future director, officer, employee, agent, member, manager, trustee or stockholder, as such, of the Company
or any successor Person shall have any liability for any obligations of the Company or any successor Person, either directly or
through the Company or any successor Person, under the Securities or this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or
by reason of such obligations or their creation, whether by virtue of any rule of law, statute or constitutional provision or by
the enforcement of any assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding or otherwise. By accepting a Security, each Holder agrees
to the provisions of this Section 1.14 and waives and releases all such liability. Such waiver and release shall be part of the
consideration for the issue of the Securities.

 

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Article
II

SECURITY FORMS

 

Section 2.1.       FORMS GENERALLY. The Securities
of each series shall be in substantially such form as shall be established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each
case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture,
and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as the Company
may deem appropriate or as may be required to comply with any applicable law, rule or regulation or with the rules or usage of
any securities exchange or Depository therefor or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Securities
as evidenced by their execution of the Securities. If temporary Securities of any series are issued as permitted by Section 3.4,
the form thereof also shall be established as provided in the preceding sentence.

 

The definitive Securities shall be typeset,
printed, lithographed or engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner or medium, all as determined
by the officers executing such Securities as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

 

Section 2.2.        FORM OF TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE
OF AUTHENTICATION. Subject to Section 6.13 (as applicable to any Authenticating Agent), the Trustee’s certificate of authentication
shall be in substantially the following form:

 

This is one of the [Securities] [of the
series designated herein and] referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

 

	 	_________________________________, as Trustee

 

Dated: 

 

	 	By: 	 
	 	 	AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY

 

Section 2.3.        SECURITIES IN GLOBAL FORM.
If Securities of or within a series are issuable in whole or in part in global form, any such Security may provide that it shall
represent the aggregate or specified amount of Outstanding Securities from time to time endorsed thereon and may also provide that
the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time to time be reduced or increased to reflect exchanges.
Any endorsement of a Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, or changes in the
rights of Holders, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby, shall be made in such manner and by such Person or Persons as
shall be specified therein or in the Company Order to be delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.3 or 3.4. Subject to the
provisions of Section 3.3 and, if applicable, Section 3.4, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any security in permanent global
form in the manner and upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the applicable Company Order. Any
instructions by the Company with respect to endorsement or delivery or redelivery of a Security in global form shall be in writing
but need not comply with Section 1.2 hereof and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel.

 

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The provisions of the last paragraph of
Section 3.3 shall apply to any Security in global form if such Security was never issued and sold by the Company and the Company
delivers to the Trustee such Security in global form together with written instructions (which need not comply with Section 1.2
and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) with regard to the reduction in the principal amount of Securities represented
thereby, together with the written statement contemplated by the last paragraph of Section 3.3.

 

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section
2.1 and 3.7, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest
on any Security in permanent global form shall be made to the Person or Persons specified therein.

 

Section 2.4.        FORM OF LEGEND FOR SECURITIES
IN GLOBAL FORM. Unless otherwise provided with respect to any Securities of any series pursuant to Section 3.1 or required by the
Depository, any Security of such series in global form authenticated and delivered hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially
the following form:

 

This Security is in global form within the meaning
of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of a Depository or a nominee of a Depository. Unless and
until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in certificated form, this Security may not be transferred except as a
whole by the Depository to a nominee of the Depository or by a nominee of the Depository to the Depository or another nominee of
the Depository or by the Depository or any such nominee to a successor Depository or a nominee of such successor Depository. Every
Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, this Security will be in global form,
subject to the foregoing.

 

Article
III

THE SECURITIES 

 

Section 3.1.        AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE
IN SERIES. (a) The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated, delivered and outstanding under this Indenture
is unlimited. The Securities may be issued from time to time in one or more series.

 

(b)          
The following matters shall be established, without the approval of any Holders, with respect to each series of Securities
issued hereunder in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:

 

(1)          
the title of the Securities of the series (which title shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other series
of Securities);

 

(2)          
any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series which may be authenticated, delivered and
outstanding under this Indenture (which limit shall not pertain to Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of
transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 8.6, or 10.7
and except for any Securities which, pursuant to Section 3.3, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder);

 

(3)          
the date or dates on which the principal of and premium, if any, on the Securities of the series is payable or the method
of determination and/or extension of such date or dates; and the amount or amounts of such principal and premium, if any, payments
or the method of determination thereof;

 

    15

    

    

 

(4)          
the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or
the method of calculating and/or resetting such rate or rates of interest, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue
or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall be payable
or the method by which such dates will be determined, the terms of any deferral of interest and the additional interest, if any,
thereon and, with respect to Registered Securities, the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on any Registered
Security on any Interest Payment Date, the right, if any, of the Company to extend the Interest Payment Dates and the Regular Record
Date, if any, and the duration of the extensions and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other than upon a 360-day
year of twelve 30-day months;

 

(5)          
the place or places where the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on Securities of the series shall be
payable;

 

(6)          
the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the currency or currencies (including currency units)
in which, and the other terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the
option of the Company or otherwise, and, if other than as provided in Section 10.3, the manner in which the particular Securities
of such series (if less than all Securities of such series are to be redeemed) are to be selected for redemption;

 

(7)          
the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
provisions or upon the happening of a specified event or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which,
the price or prices at which, and the other terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased,
in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation and provisions for the remarketing of such series;

 

(8)          
if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series
shall be issuable;

 

(9)          
if other than Dollars, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which the principal of, premium,
if any, and interest, if any, or other payments, if any, on the Securities of the series shall be payable, or in which the Securities
of the series shall be denominated, and the particular provisions applicable thereto in accordance with, in addition to, or in
lieu of the provisions of Section 3.11;

 

(10)        
the terms, if any, upon which Securities of the series may be convertible into or exchanged for other Securities, Common
Stock, Preferred Stock, other debt securities, warrants to purchase any of the foregoing, or other securities of any kind of the
Company or any other obligor and the terms and conditions upon which the conversion or exchange shall be effected, including the
initial conversion or exchange price or rate, the conversion or exchange period, and any other additional provisions;

 

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(11)          
if the payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, or other payments, if any, on the Securities of the
series are to be made, at the election of the Company or a Holder, in a currency or currencies (including currency unit or units)
other than that in which such Securities are denominated or designated to be payable, the currency or currencies (including currency
unit or units) in which such payments are to be made, the terms and conditions of such payments and the manner in which the exchange
rate with respect to such payments shall be determined, and the particular provisions applicable thereto in accordance with, in
addition to, or in lieu of the provisions of Section 3.11;

 

(12)          
if the amount of payments of principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, or other payments, if any, on the Securities
of the series shall be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method (which index, formula or method may be based,
without limitation, on the price of one or more commodities, derivatives or securities; one or more securities, derivatives or
commodities exchange indices or other indices; a currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) other than that in which
the Securities of the series are denominated or designated to be payable; or any other variable or the relationship between any
variables or combination of variables), the index, formula or other method by which such amounts shall be determined;

 

(13)          
if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities of the series or other
amount which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration thereof pursuant to Section 5.2 or provable in bankruptcy or the
method by which such portion or amount shall be determined;

 

(14)          
if other than as provided in Section 3.7, the Person to whom any interest on any Registered Security of the series shall
be payable;

 

(15)          
if the principal amount payable at the Maturity of any Securities of the series will not be determinable as of one or more
dates prior to Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such Securities as of any such date hereunder
or thereunder, or, if other than as provided in the definition of the term “Outstanding”, which shall be deemed to
be Outstanding as of any date prior to the Stated Maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be
the principal amount shall be determined) and, if necessary, the manner of determining the equivalent thereof in U.S. currency;

 

(16)          
provisions, if any, granting special rights to the Holders of Securities of the series upon the occurrence of such events
as may be specified;

 

(17)          
the applicability of or any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default set forth in Section
5.1 or covenants of the Company set forth in Article IX pertaining to the Securities of the series;

 

(18)          
under what circumstances, if any, the Company will pay additional amounts on the Securities of that series held by a Person
who is not a U.S. Person in respect of taxes or similar charges withheld or deducted and, if so, whether the Company will have
the option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such additional amounts (and the terms of any such option);

 

    17

    

    

 

(19)          
the date as of which any temporary global Security representing Outstanding Securities of the series shall be dated if other
than the date of original issuance of the first Security of the series to be issued;

 

(20)          
the forms of the Securities of the series;

 

(21)          
any changes or additions to the provisions provided in Article IV of this Indenture pertaining to defeasance, including
without limitation, the exclusion of Section 4.4 or 4.5, or both, with respect to the Securities of or within the series; or the
applicability, if any, to the Securities of or within the series of such means of defeasance or covenant defeasance other than
those provided in Sections 4.4 and 4.5 as may be specified for the Securities of such series, and whether, for the purpose of any
defeasance or covenant defeasance pursuant to Section 4.4 or 4.5 or otherwise, the term “Government Obligations” shall
include obligations referred to in the definition of such term which are not obligations of the United States or an agency or instrumentality
of the United States;

 

(22)          
if other than the Trustee, the identity of the Registrar and any Paying Agent;

 

(23)          
any terms which may be related to warrants, options or other rights to purchase and sell securities issued by the Company
in connection with, or for the purchase of, Securities of such series, including whether and under what circumstances the Securities
of any series may be used toward the exercise price of any such warrants, options or other rights;

 

(24)          
the designation of the initial Exchange Rate Agent, if any;

 

(25)          
whether any of the Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in global form, and if so (i) the Depository
for such global Securities, (ii) the form of any legend in addition to or in lieu of that in Section 2.4 which shall be borne by
such global Securities, (iii) whether beneficial owners of interests in any Securities of the series in global form may exchange
such interests for certificated Securities of such series and of like tenor of any authorized form and denomination, and (iv) if
other than as provided in Section 3.5, the circumstances under which any such exchange may occur;

 

(26)          
the priority, ranking or subordination, if any, of the Securities of the series;

 

(27)          
if the Securities of the series will be governed by, and the extent to which such Securities will be governed by, any law
other than the laws of the state of New York;

 

(28)          
the terms, if any, of any guarantee of the payment of principal, premium and interest with respect to Securities of the
series and any corresponding changes to the provisions of this Indenture as then in effect;

 

(29)          
the terms, if any, of the transfer, mortgage, pledge or assignment as security for the Securities of the series of any properties,
assets, moneys, proceeds, securities or other collateral, including whether certain provisions in the Trust Indenture Act are applicable
and any corresponding changes to provisions of this Indenture as then in effect; and

 

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(30)          
any other terms of the series, including any terms which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations
or advisable (as determined by the Company) in connection with the marketing of Securities of the series.

 

(c)            
The terms applicable to the Securities of any one series need not be identical but may vary as may be provided in an indenture
supplemental hereto. All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided, a series
may be reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for issuances of additional Securities of such series.

 

(d)            
Except as may be otherwise expressly provided in the applicable supplemental indenture, as contemplated by this Section
3.1, the Securities of any series shall rank PARI PASSU with the Securities of each other Series.

 

Section 3.2.     DENOMINATIONS. Unless otherwise
provided as contemplated by Section 3.1, any Securities of a series shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral
multiple thereof.

 

Section 3.3.      EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION,
DELIVERY AND DATING. Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial
Officer, the President, or any Vice President, the Treasurer or the Corporate Secretary of the Company. The seal of the Company,
if any, may be in the form of a facsimile thereof and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities.
The signatures of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile.

 

Securities bearing the manual or facsimile
signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that
such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or
did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

 

At any time and from time to time, the Company
may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for
the authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance with the Company Order shall authenticate and
deliver such Securities.

 

In authenticating such Securities and accepting
the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and (subject to section 315(a) through (d) of the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of
Counsel substantially to the effect that,

 

(1)           
the form of such Securities have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

 

(2)           
the terms of such Securities have been, or in the case of Securities of a series offered in a Periodic Offering will be,
established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture, subject in the case of Securities offered in a Periodic Offering,
to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel; and

 

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(3)          
such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee, issued by the Company in accordance with the provisions
of this Indenture, and delivered to and duly paid for by the purchasers thereof, and subject to any conditions specified in such
Opinion of Counsel, will constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms,
subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws of general applicability
relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights and to general equity principles and except further as enforcement
thereof may be limited by or subject to certain exceptions and qualifications specified in such Opinion of Counsel, including in
the case of any Securities denominated in a Foreign Currency, (A) requirements that a claim with respect to any Securities denominated
other than in Dollars (or a foreign currency or foreign currency unit judgment in respect of such claim) be converted into Dollars
at a rate of exchange prevailing on a date determined pursuant to applicable law or (B) governmental authority to limit, delay
or prohibit the making of payments in foreign currency or currency units or payments outside the United States.

 

Such Opinion of Counsel need express no
opinion as to the enforceability of Section 6.8 or as to whether a court in the United States would render a money judgment in
a currency other than that of the United States. Such counsel may rely on opinions of other counsel (copies of which shall be delivered
to the Trustee), and, to the extent such opinion involves factual matters, such counsel may rely upon certificates of officers
of the Company and certificates of public officials.

 

The Trustee shall have the right to decline
to execute any supplemental indenture establishing the terms of or the form of such Securities if, in the written opinion of counsel
to the Trustee (which counsel may be an employee of the Trustee), such action may not lawfully be taken, or if the Trustee, in
good faith by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, shall determine, in its sole discretion, that such action would adversely affect
it.

 

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section
3.1 and of the two preceding paragraphs, if all of the Securities of any series are not to be issued at one time, it shall not
be necessary to deliver the Officer’s Certificate otherwise required pursuant to Section 3.1 or the Company Order and Opinion
of Counsel otherwise required pursuant to the two preceding paragraphs in connection with the authentication of each Security of
such series if such documents, with appropriate modifications to cover such future issuances, are delivered at or prior to the
authentication upon original issuance of the first Security of such series to be issued.

 

With respect to Securities of a series offered
in a Periodic Offering, the Trustee may rely, as to the authorization by the Company of any of such Securities, the form and terms
thereof and the legality, validity, binding effect and enforceability thereof, upon the Opinion of Counsel and the other documents
delivered pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 3.1 and this Section, as applicable, in connection with the first authentication of Securities
of such series.

 

If the Company shall establish pursuant
to Section 3.1 that the Securities of a series are to be issued in whole or in part in global form, then, unless otherwise provided
with respect to such Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with this
Section and the Company Order with respect to such series, authenticate and deliver one or more Securities in global form that
(i) shall represent and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of such series to be represented by such Security or Securities in global form, (ii) shall be registered, if a Registered Security,
in the name of the Depository for such Security or Securities in global form or the nominee of such Depository, (iii) shall be
delivered by the Trustee to such Depository or pursuant to such Depository’s instruction and (iv) shall bear the legend set
forth in Section 2.4.

 

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Unless otherwise established pursuant to
Section 3.1, each Depository designated pursuant to Section 3.1 for a Registered Security in global form must, at the time of its
designation and at all times while it serves as Depository, be a clearing agency registered under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, and any other applicable statute or regulation. Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall have any responsibility
to determine if the Depository is so registered.

 

Each Depository shall enter into an agreement
with the Company and the Trustee, as agent, governing the respective duties and rights of such Depository, the Company and the
Trustee, as agent, with regard to Securities of a series issued in global form.

 

Each Registered Security shall be dated
the date of its authentication as contemplated by Section 3.1.

 

No Security shall be entitled to any benefits
under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose until authenticated by the manual signature of one of the authorized
signatories of the Trustee or an Authenticating Agent. Such signature upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only
evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered under this Indenture and is entitled to the benefits of
this Indenture.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security
shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such
Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 3.9 together with a written statement (which need not comply with
Section 1.2 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by
the Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder
and shall not be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

 

Section 3.4.      TEMPORARY SECURITIES. Pending
the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute and, upon Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver temporary Securities of such series which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced,
in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor and form, of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued
and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may
determine, as conclusively evidenced by their execution of such Securities. In the case of Securities of any series, all or a portion
of such temporary Securities may be in global form.

 

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Except in the case of temporary Securities
in global form, each of which shall be exchanged in accordance with the provisions thereof, if temporary Securities of any series
are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of such series to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After preparation
of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities
of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the office or agency of the Company pursuant to Section
9.2 in a Place of Payment for such series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary
Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like
principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor. Until so exchanged,
the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive
Securities of such series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1.

 

Section 3.5.      REGISTRATION, TRANSFER AND
EXCHANGE. The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee or in any office or agency to be maintained
by the Company in accordance with Section 9.2 in a Place of Payment or in such other place or medium as may be specified pursuant
to Section 3.1 a register for each series of Securities (the registers maintained in such office or in any such office or agency
of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes referred to collectively as the “Register”) in which, subject
to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of Registered Securities and
the registration of transfers of Registered Securities. The Register shall be in written form or any other form capable of being
converted into written form within a reasonable time. Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1, the Trustee is
hereby appointed “Registrar” for the purpose of registering Registered Securities and transfers of Registered Securities,
and for the purpose of maintaining the Register in respect thereof, as herein provided.

 

Upon surrender for registration of transfer
of any Registered Security of any series at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 9.2 in a Place of Payment for that
series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or
transferees, one or more new Registered Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate
principal amount.

 

Unless otherwise provided as contemplated
by Section 3.1, at the option of the Holder, Registered Securities of any series (except a Registered Security in global form)
may be exchanged for other Registered Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal
amount containing identical terms and provisions, upon surrender of the Registered Securities to be exchanged at such office or
agency. Whenever any Registered Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver, the Registered Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

 

Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section
3.1 with respect to a series of Securities or as otherwise provided below in this Section 3.5, owners of beneficial interests in
Securities of such series represented by a Security issued in global form will not be entitled to have Securities of such series
registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of Securities of such series in certificated
form and will not be considered the Holders or owners thereof for any purposes hereunder. Notwithstanding any other provision of
this Section, unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in certificated form in the circumstances described
below, a Security in global form representing all or a portion of the Securities of a series may not be transferred or exchanged
except as a whole by the Depository for such series to a nominee of such Depository or by a nominee of such Depository to such
Depository or another nominee of such Depository or by such Depository or any such nominee to a successor Depository for such series
or a nominee of such successor Depository.

 

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If at any time the Depository for the Securities
of a series notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depository for the Securities of such series or
if at any time the Depository for the Securities of such series notifies the Company that it shall no longer be eligible under
Section 3.3, the Company shall appoint a successor Depository with respect to the Securities of such series. Unless otherwise provided
as contemplated by Section 3.1, if a successor Depository for the Securities of such series is not appointed by the Company within
90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such ineligibility, the Company’s election pursuant to
Section 3.1(b) (25) shall no longer be effective with respect to the Securities of such series and the Company shall execute, and
the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of certificated Securities of such series of like
tenor, shall authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series of like tenor in certificated form, in authorized denominations
and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Security or Securities of such series of like tenor in
global form in exchange for such Security or Securities in global form.

 

The Company may at any time in its sole
discretion determine that Securities of a series issued in global form shall no longer be represented by such a Security or Securities
in global form. In such event the Company shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication
and delivery of certificated Securities of such series of like tenor, shall authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series
of like tenor in certificated form, in authorized denominations and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount
of the Security or Securities of such series of like tenor in global form in exchange for such Security or Securities in global
form.

 

If specified by the Company pursuant to
Section 3.1 with respect to a series of Securities, the Depository for such series may surrender a Security in global form of such
series in exchange in whole or in part for Securities of such series in certificated form on such terms as are acceptable to the
Company and such Depository. Thereupon, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, without service
charge,

 

(i)           
to each Person specified by such Depository a new certificated Security or Securities of the same series of like tenor,
of any authorized denomination as requested by such Person in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person’s
beneficial interest in the Security in global form; and

 

(ii)          
to such Depository a new Security in global form of like tenor in a denomination equal to the difference, if any, between
the principal amount of the surrendered Security in global form and the aggregate principal amount of certificated Securities delivered
to Holders thereof.

 

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(iii)          Upon the exchange of a Security in global form for Securities in certificated form, such Security in global form shall be
cancelled by the Trustee. Securities in certificated form issued in exchange for a Security in global form pursuant to this Section
shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depository for such Security in global form, pursuant
to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such
Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.

 

Whenever any Securities are surrendered
for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making
the exchange is entitled to receive.

 

All Securities issued upon any registration
of transfer or upon any exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled
to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

 

Every Registered Security presented or surrendered
for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company, the Registrar or the Trustee) be duly endorsed,
or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company, the Registrar and the Trustee duly executed
by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

 

Unless otherwise provided as contemplated
by Section 3.1, no service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or for any exchange of Securities, but the Company
may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any
registration or transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 3.4 or 10.7 not involving any transfer.

 

Unless otherwise provided as contemplated
by Section 3.1, none of the Company, the Registrar or the Trustee shall be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of, or
exchange any Securities for a period beginning at the opening of 15 Business Days before any selection for redemption of Securities
of like tenor and of the series of which such Security is a part and ending at the close of business on the earliest date on which
the relevant notice of redemption is deemed to have been given to all Holders of Securities of like tenor and of such series to
be redeemed; or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Registered Security so selected for redemption, in whole or in
part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

 

Section 3.6.      REPLACEMENT SECURITIES. If
a mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, together with, in proper cases, such security or indemnity as may be required
by the Company or the Trustee to save each of them harmless, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver
a replacement Registered Security, if such surrendered Security was a Registered Security of the same series and date of maturity.

 

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If there shall be delivered to the Company
and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or
indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice
to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security a replacement Registered Security,
if such Holder’s claim appertains to a Registered Security, of the same series and principal amount, containing identical
terms and provisions and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.  

 

In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost
or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new
Security, pay such Security.

 

Upon the issuance of any new Security under
this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be
imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) connected
therewith.

 

Every new Security of any series issued
pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual
obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and
shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series
duly issued hereunder.

 

The provisions of this Section are exclusive
and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

 

Section 3.7.      PAYMENT
OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED.

 

(a)          
Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1, interest, if any, on any Registered Security which is payable,
and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest at
the office or agency maintained for such purpose pursuant to 9.2; provided, however, that at the option of the Company, interest
on any series of Registered Securities that bear interest may be paid (i) by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled
thereto as it shall appear on the Register of Holders of Securities of such series or (ii) by wire transfer to an account maintained
by the Person entitled thereto as specified in the Register of Holders of Securities of such series.

 

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(b)          
Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1, any interest on any Registered Security of any series which is
payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any interest payment date (herein called “Defaulted Interest”)
shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and
such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below:

  

(1)          
The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names such Registered Securities
of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for
the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall deposit with the Trustee
an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements
satisfactory to the trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in
trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause (1) provided. Thereupon the Trustee
shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than
10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the
proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense
of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be
mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of such Registered Securities of such series at his address as it appears in
the Register, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest
and the Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names
such Registered Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business
on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2).

 

(2)          
The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names such Registered Securities of such
series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a specified date in any other lawful
manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Registered Securities may be listed, and
upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment
pursuant to this clause (2), such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

 

(c)           
Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 3.5, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration
of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to
accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

 

Section 3.8.      PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS. Prior
to due presentment of any Registered Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company
or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Registered Security is registered as the owner of such Registered Security
for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 3.7) interest and any other payments
on such Registered Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Registered Security shall be overdue, and
neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

 

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None of the Company, the Trustee or any
agent of the Company or the Trustee shall have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments
made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Security in global form, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any
records relating to such beneficial ownership interests. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Security in global
form, nothing herein shall prevent the Company or the Trustee, or any agent of the Company or the Trustee, from giving effect to
any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by any Depository (or its nominee), as a Holder, with respect
to such Security in global form or impair, as between such Depository and owners of beneficial interests in such Security in global
form, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of such Depository (or its nominee) as Holder of
such Security in global form.

  

Section 3.9.      CANCELLATION. The Company at
any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and any Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee
any Securities surrendered to them for replacement, for registration of transfer, or for exchange or payment. The Trustee shall
cancel all Securities surrendered for replacement, for registration of transfer, or for exchange, payment, redemption or cancellation
and may destroy cancelled Securities and, if so destroyed, shall issue a certificate of destruction to the Company. The Company
may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

 

Section 3.10.    COMPUTATION OF INTEREST. Except
as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, interest on the Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis
of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

 

Section 3.11.    CURRENCY AND MANNER OF PAYMENT
IN RESPECT OF SECURITIES. (a) Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, with respect to
Registered Securities of any series payment of the principal of, premium, if any, interest, if any, and other amounts, if any,
on any Registered Security of such series will be made in the currency or currencies or currency unit or units in which such Registered
Security is payable. The provisions of this Section 3.11, including without limitation any defined terms specified herein, may
be modified or superseded in whole or in part pursuant to Section 3.1 with respect to any Securities.

 

(b)          
If expressly specified pursuant to Section 3.1, with respect to Registered Securities of any series, Holders shall have
the option, subject to paragraphs (d) and (e) below, to receive payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any,
on such Registered Securities in any of the currencies or currency units which may be designated for such election by delivering
to the Trustee (or the applicable Paying Agent) a written election with signature guarantees and in the applicable form established
pursuant to Section 3.1, not later than the close of business on the Election Date immediately preceding the applicable payment
date. If a Holder so elects to receive such payments in any such currency or currency unit, such election will remain in effect
for such Holder or any transferee of such Holder until changed by such Holder or such transferee by written notice to the Trustee
(or any applicable Paying Agent) for such series of Registered Securities (but any such change must be made not later than the
close of business on the Election Date immediately preceding the next payment date to be effective for the payment to be made on
such payment date, and no such change of election may be made with respect to payments to be made on any Registered Security of
such series with respect to which an Event of Default has occurred or with respect to which the Company has deposited funds pursuant
to Article IV or with respect to which a notice of redemption has been given by or on behalf of the Company). Any Holder of any
such Registered Security who shall not have delivered any such election to the Trustee (or any applicable Paying Agent) not later
than the close of business on the applicable Election Date will be paid the amount due on the applicable payment date in the relevant
currency or currency unit as provided in Section 3.11(a). The Trustee (or the applicable Paying Agent) shall notify the Company
and the Exchange Rate Agent as soon as practicable after the Election Date of the aggregate principal amount of Registered Securities
for which Holders have made such written election.

 

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(c)           
If the election referred to in paragraph (b) above has been provided for with respect to any Registered Securities of a
series pursuant to Section 3.1, then, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1 with respect to any such Registered Securities,
not later than the fourth Business Day after the Election Date for each payment date for such Registered Securities, the Exchange
Rate Agent will deliver to the Company a written notice specifying, in the currency or currencies or currency unit or units in
which Registered Securities of such series are payable, the respective aggregate amounts of principal of, premium, if any, and
interest, if any, on such Registered Securities to be paid on such payment date, and specifying the amounts in such currency or
currencies or currency unit or units so payable in respect of such Registered Securities as to which the Holders of such Registered
Securities denominated in any currency or currencies or currency unit or units shall have elected to be paid in another currency
or currency unit as provided in paragraph (b) above. If the election referred to in paragraph (b) above has been provided for with
respect to any Registered Securities of a series pursuant to Section 3.1, and if at least one Holder has made such election, then,
unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1, on the second Business Day preceding such payment date the Company will deliver
to the Trustee (or the applicable Paying Agent) an Exchange Rate Officer’s Certificate in respect of the Dollar, Foreign
Currency or Currencies or other currency unit payments to be made on such payment date. Unless otherwise specified pursuant to
Section 3.1, the Dollar, Foreign Currency or Currencies or other currency unit amount receivable by Holders of Registered Securities
who have elected payment in a currency or currency unit as provided in paragraph (b) above shall be determined by the Company on
the basis of the applicable Market Exchange Rate in effect on the second Business Day (the “Valuation Date”) immediately
preceding each payment date, and such determination shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error.

 

(d)          
If a Conversion Event occurs with respect to a Foreign Currency or any other currency unit in which Securities of any series
are denominated or payable otherwise than pursuant to an election provided for pursuant to paragraph (b) above, then, unless otherwise
specified pursuant to Section 3.1, with respect to each date for the payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if
any, on the applicable Securities denominated or payable in such Foreign Currency or such other currency unit occurring after the
last date on which such Foreign Currency or such other currency unit was used (the “Conversion Date”), the Dollar shall
be the currency of payment for use on each such payment date (but such Foreign Currency or such other currency unit that was previously
the currency of payment shall, at the Company’s election, resume being the currency of payment on the first such payment
date preceded by 15 Business Days during which the circumstances which gave rise to the Dollar becoming such currency of payment
no longer prevail). Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1, the Dollar amount to be paid by the Company to the Trustee
or any applicable Paying Agent and by the Trustee or any applicable Paying Agent to the Holders of such Securities with respect
to such payment date shall be, in the case of a Foreign Currency other than a currency unit, the Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign
Currency or, in the case of a Foreign Currency that is a currency unit, the Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit, in each case
as determined by the Exchange Rate Agent in the manner provided in paragraph (f) or (g) below.

 

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(e)           
Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1, if the Holder of a Registered Security of a series denominated in any
currency or currency unit shall have elected to be paid in another currency or currency unit or in other currencies as provided
in paragraph (b) above, and (i) a Conversion Event occurs with respect to any such elected currency or currency unit, such Holder
shall receive payment in the currency or currency unit in which payment would have been made in the absence of such election and
(ii) if a Conversion Event occurs with respect to the currency or currency unit in which payment would have been made in the absence
of such election, such Holder shall receive payment in Dollars as provided in paragraph (d) of this Section 3.11 (but, subject
to any contravening valid election pursuant to paragraph (b) above, the elected payment currency or currency unit, in the case
of the circumstances described in clause (i) above, or the payment currency or currency unit in the absence of such election, in
the case of the circumstances described in clause (ii) above, shall, at the Company’s election, resume being the currency
or currency unit of payment with respect to Holders who have so elected, but only with respect to payments on payment dates preceded
by 15 Business Days during which the circumstances which gave rise to such currency or currency unit, in the case of the circumstances
described in clause (i) above, or the Dollar, in the case of the circumstances described in clause (ii) above, becoming the currency
or currency unit, as applicable, of payment, no longer prevail).

 

(f)           
The “Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency” shall be determined by the Exchange Rate Agent and shall be
obtained for each subsequent payment date by the Exchange Rate Agent by converting the specified Foreign Currency into Dollars
at the Market Exchange Rate on the Conversion Date.

 

(g)          
The “Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit” shall be determined by the Exchange Rate Agent and, subject to
the provisions of paragraph (h) below, shall be the sum of each amount obtained by converting the Specified Amount of each Component
Currency (as each such term is defined in paragraph (h) below) into Dollars at the Market Exchange Rate for such Component Currency
on the Valuation Date with respect to each payment.

 

(h)          
For purposes of this Section 3.11, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

A “Component Currency” shall
mean any currency which, on the Conversion Date, was a component currency of the relevant currency unit.

 

“Conversion Event” shall mean
the cessation of use of (i) a Foreign Currency both by the government of the country which issued such currency and for the settlement
of transactions by a central bank or other public institutions of or within the international banking community, or (ii) any currency
unit for the purposes for which it was established.

 

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“Election Date” shall mean the
Regular Record Date for the applicable series of Registered Securities as specified pursuant to Section 3.1 by which the written
election referred to in Section 3.11(b) may be made.

 

“Exchange Rate Agent”, when
used with respect to Securities of or within any series, shall mean, unless otherwise specified with respect to such series of
Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, a New York Clearing House bank designated pursuant to Section 3.1 or Section 3.12.

 

“Exchange Rate Officer’s Certificate”
shall mean a certificate setting forth (i) the applicable Market Exchange Rate or the applicable bid quotation and (ii) the Dollar
or Foreign Currency amounts of principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any (on an aggregate basis and on the basis of
a Security having the lowest denomination principal amount in the relevant currency or currency unit), payable with respect to
a Security of any series on the basis of such Market Exchange Rate or the applicable bid quotation, signed by the President, the
Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, any Vice President, the Treasurer, or any Assistant Treasurer of the Company.

 

“Market Exchange Rate” shall
mean, unless otherwise specified with respect to Securities of any series pursuant to Section 3.1, as of any date of determination,
(i) for any conversion involving a currency unit on the one hand and Dollars or any Foreign Currency on the other, the exchange
rate between the relevant currency unit and Dollars or such Foreign Currency calculated by the method specified pursuant to Section
3.1 for the Securities of the relevant series, (ii) for any conversion of Dollars into any Foreign Currency, the noon buying rate
for such Foreign Currency for cable transfers quoted in New York City as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve
Bank of New York and (iii) for any conversion of one Foreign Currency into Dollars or another Foreign Currency, the spot rate at
noon local time in the relevant market at which, in accordance with normal banking procedures, the Dollars or Foreign Currency
into which conversion is being made could be purchased with the Foreign Currency from which conversion is being made from major
banks located in New York City, London or any other principal market for Dollars or such purchased Foreign Currency, in each case
determined by the Exchange Rate Agent. Unless otherwise specified with respect to Securities of any series pursuant to Section
3.1, in the event of the unavailability of any of the exchange rates provided for in the foregoing clauses (i), (ii) and (iii),
the Exchange Rate Agent shall use, in its sole discretion and without liability on its part, such quotation of the Federal Reserve
Bank of New York as of the most recent available date, or quotations from one or more major banks in New York City, London or other
principal market for such currency or currency unit in question (which may include any such bank acting as Trustee under this Indenture),
or such other quotations as the Exchange Rate Agent shall deem appropriate. Unless otherwise specified by the Exchange Rate Agent,
if there is more than one market for dealing in any currency or currency unit by reason of foreign exchange regulations or otherwise,
the market to be used in respect of such currency or currency unit shall be that upon which a nonresident issuer of securities
designated in such currency or currency unit would purchase such currency or currency unit in order to make payments in respect
of such securities.

 

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A “Specified Amount” of a Component
Currency shall mean the number of units of such Component Currency or fractions thereof which such Component Currency represented
in the relevant currency unit on the Conversion Date. If after the Conversion Date the official unit of any Component Currency
is altered by way of combination or subdivision, the Specified Amount of such Component Currency shall be divided or multiplied
in the same proportion. If after the Conversion Date two or more Component Currencies are consolidated into a single currency,
the respective Specified Amounts of such Component Currencies shall be replaced by an amount in such single currency equal to the
sum of the respective Specified Amounts of such consolidated Component Currencies expressed in such single currency, and such amount
shall thereafter be a Specified Amount and such single currency shall thereafter be a Component Currency. If after the Conversion
Date any Component Currency shall be divided into two or more currencies, the Specified Amount of such Component Currency shall
be replaced by specified amounts of such two or more currencies, the sum of which, at the Market Exchange Rate of such two or more
currencies on the date of such replacement, shall be equal to the Specified Amount of such former Component Currency and such amounts
shall thereafter be Specified Amounts and such currencies shall thereafter be Component Currencies. If, after the Conversion Date
of the relevant currency unit, a Conversion Event (other than any event referred to above in this definition of “Specified
Amount”) occurs with respect to any Component Currency of such currency unit and is continuing on the applicable Valuation
Date, the Specified Amount of such Component Currency shall, for purposes of calculating the Dollar Equivalent of the Currency
Unit, be converted into Dollars at the Market Exchange Rate in effect on the Conversion Date of such Component Currency.

 

All decisions and determinations of the
Exchange Rate Agent regarding the Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency, the Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit, the Market
Exchange Rate and changes in the Specified Amounts as specified above with respect to Securities of any series shall be in its
sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company,
the Trustee (and any applicable Paying Agent) and all Holders of Securities of such series denominated or payable in the relevant
currency, currencies or currency units. The Exchange Rate Agent shall promptly give written notice to the Company and the Trustee
of any such decision or determination.

 

In the event that the Company determines
in good faith that a Conversion Event has occurred with respect to a Foreign Currency, the Company will promptly give written notice
thereof to the Trustee (or any applicable Paying Agent) and to the Exchange Rate Agent (and the Trustee (or such Paying Agent)
will promptly thereafter give notice in the manner provided in Section 1.6 to the affected Holders) specifying the Conversion Date.
In the event the Company so determines that a Conversion Event has occurred with respect to any currency unit in which Securities
of a series are denominated or payable, the Company will promptly give written notice thereof to the Trustee (or any applicable
Paying Agent) and to the Exchange Rate Agent (and the Trustee (or such Paying Agent) will promptly thereafter give notice in the
manner provided in Section 1.6 to the affected Holders) specifying the Conversion Date and the Specified Amount of each Component
Currency on the Conversion Date. In the event the Company determines in good faith that any subsequent change in any Component
Currency as set forth in the definition of Specified Amount above has occurred, the Company will similarly give written notice
to the Trustee (or any applicable Paying Agent) and to the Exchange Rate Agent.

 

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The Trustee of the appropriate series of
Securities shall be fully justified and protected in relying and acting upon information received by it from the Company and the
Exchange Rate Agent and shall not otherwise have any duty or obligation to determine the accuracy or validity of such information
independent of the Company or the Exchange Rate Agent.

  

Section 3.12.    APPOINTMENT AND RESIGNATION
OF EXCHANGE RATE AGENT. (a) Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1, if and so long as the Securities of any series
(i) are denominated in a currency or currency unit other than Dollars or (ii) may be payable in a currency or currency unit other
than Dollars, or so long as it is required under any other provision of this Indenture, then the Company will maintain with respect
to each such series of Securities, or as so required, at least one Exchange Rate Agent. The Company will cause the Exchange Rate
Agent to make the necessary foreign exchange determinations at the time and in the manner specified pursuant to Section 3.11 for
the purpose of determining the applicable rate of exchange and, if applicable, for the purpose of converting the issued currency
or currencies or currency unit or units into the applicable payment currency or currency unit for the payment of principal, premium,
if any, and interest, if any, pursuant to Section 3.11.

 

(b)          
No resignation of the Exchange Rate Agent and no appointment of a successor Exchange Rate Agent pursuant to this Section
shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Exchange Rate Agent as evidenced by a written instrument
delivered to the Company and the Trustee of the appropriate series of Securities accepting such appointment executed by the successor
Exchange Rate Agent.

 

(c)          
If the Exchange Rate Agent shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office
of the Exchange Rate Agent for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company shall promptly appoint
a successor Exchange Rate Agent or Exchange Rate Agents with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood
that any such successor Exchange Rate Agent may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series
and that, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1, at any time there shall only be one Exchange Rate Agent with respect
to the Securities of any particular series that are originally issued by the Company on the same date and that are initially denominated
and/or payable in the same currency or currencies or currency unit or units).

 

Section 3.13.    WIRE TRANSFERS. Notwithstanding
any other provisions to the contrary in this Indenture, the Company may make any payment of monies required to be deposited with
the Trustee on account of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, Securities of any series (whether pursuant to optional
or mandatory redemption payments, interest payment or otherwise) by wire transfer and immediately available funds to an account
designated by the Trustee on or before the date and time such monies are to be paid to the Holders of the Security of such series
in accordance with the terms hereof.

 

Section 3.14.    CUSIP NUMBERS AND ISINS. The
Company in issuing Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers or “ISINs”, and if so, the Trustee may use the CUSIP
numbers or ISINs in notices of redemption or exchange as a convenience to Holders; provided, however, that any such notice may
state that no representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP number or ISIN printed in the notice or on
the Securities, that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption
or exchange shall not be affected by any defect or omission of such CUSIP numbers or ISINs. The Company will promptly notify the
Trustee of any change in CUSIP numbers or ISINs known to an Officer of the Company.

 

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Article
IV

 

SATISFACTION, DISCHARGE AND DEFEASANCE 

 

Section 4.1.       TERMINATION OF COMPANY’S
OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE INDENTURE. (a) This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect with respect to Securities
of or within any series (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of such Securities and replacement
of such Securities which may have been lost, stolen or mutilated as herein expressly provided for) and the Trustee, at the expense
of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to such
Securities when

 

(1)          
either

 

(A)          all such Securities previously authenticated and delivered (other than (i) such Securities which have been destroyed, lost
or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.6 and (ii) such Securities for whose payment money has
theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged
from such trust, as provided in Section 9.3) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

 

(B)          all Securities of such series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

 

(i)            have become due and payable, or

 

(ii)          
will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or

 

(iii)          if redeemable at the option of the Company, are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory
to the Trustee for giving of notice of redemption, and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has irrevocably deposited
or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose an amount in the currency or currencies or currency
unit or units in which the Securities of such series are payable, sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such
Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal, premium, if any, and interest, with respect
thereto, to the date of such deposit (in the case of any such Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity
or Redemption Date, as the case may be;

 

(2)          
the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums then payable hereunder by the Company; and

 

(3)          
the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been
complied with.

 

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Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture, the obligation of the Company to the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under Section 6.8 and the obligations
of the Company to any Authenticating Agent under Section 6.13 shall survive until the Securities of the discharged series have
been paid in full, and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of clause (1) of this Section,
the obligations of the Trustee under Section 4.2 and the last paragraph of Section 9.3 shall survive in accordance with the terms
of such Sections.

 

Section 4.2.      APPLICATION OF TRUST FUNDS.
Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 9.3, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.1 shall
be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either
directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the
Persons entitled thereto, of the principal, premium, if any and any interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with
or received by the Trustee, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

 

Section 4.3.      APPLICABILITY OF DEFEASANCE
PROVISIONS; COMPANY’S OPTION TO EFFECT DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE. Unless pursuant to Section 3.1 provision is made
to exclude with respect to the Securities of a particular series either or both of (i) defeasance of the Securities of or within
such series under Section 4.4 or (ii) covenant defeasance of the Securities of or within such series under Section 4.5, then, in
addition to the rights of the Company pursuant to Section 4.1 above, the provisions of such Section or Sections, as the case may
be, together with the provisions of Sections 4.6 through 4.9 inclusive, with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant
to Section 3.1 with respect to any Securities of such series, shall be applicable to such Securities and the Company may at its
option, at any time, with respect to such Securities elect to have Section 4.4 (if applicable) or Section 4.5 (if applicable) be
applied to such Outstanding Securities upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article.

 

Section 4.4.      DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE. Upon
the Company’s exercise of the option specified in Section 4.3 applicable to this Section with respect to the Securities of
or within a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to such Securities on
the date the conditions set forth in Section 4.6 are satisfied (hereinafter, a “defeasance”). For this purpose, such
defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Securities
which Securities shall thereafter be deemed to be “Outstanding” only for the purposes of Section 4.7 and the other
Sections of this Indenture referred to in clause (ii) of this Section, and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such
Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall on
Company Order execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated
or discharged hereunder: (i) the rights of Holders of such Securities to receive, solely from the trust funds described in Section
4.6(a) and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if
any, on such Securities when such payments are due; (ii) the Company’s obligations with respect to such Securities under
Sections 3.5, 3.6, 9.2 and 9.3 and with respect to the payment of additional amounts, if any, payable with respect to such Securities
as specified pursuant to Section 3.1(b) (18); (iii) the rights, powers, trusts, duties, immunities and indemnities of the Trustee
hereunder and (iv) this Article IV. Subject to compliance with this Article IV, the Company may exercise its option under this
Section notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 4.5 with respect to such Securities. Following a defeasance,
payment of such Securities may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default.

 

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Section 4.5.      COVENANT DEFEASANCE. Upon the
Company’s exercise of the option specified in Section 4.3 applicable to this Section with respect to any Securities of or
within a series, the Company shall be released from its obligations under Sections 7.1, 9.4 and 9.5, and, if specified pursuant
to Section 3.1, its obligations under any other covenant, with respect to such Securities on and after the date the conditions
set forth in Section 4.6 are satisfied (hereinafter, “covenant defeasance”), and such Securities shall thereafter be
deemed to be not “Outstanding” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders
(and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with Sections 7.1, 9.4 and 9.5, or such other specified covenant, and the operation
of Sections 5.1(3) and 5.1(6), but shall continue to be deemed “Outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder. For
this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect to such Securities, the Company may omit to comply with and shall
have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such Section or such other covenant, whether
directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or such other covenant or by reason of
reference in any such Section or such other covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to
comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 5.1(3) or 5.1(6) or otherwise, as the case may be, but,
except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

 

Section 4.6.      CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR
COVENANT DEFEASANCE. The following shall be the conditions to application of Section 4.4 or Section 4.5 to any Securities of or
within a series:

 

(a)           
The Company shall have deposited or caused to be deposited irrevocably with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the
requirements of Section 6.11 who shall agree to comply with, and shall be entitled to the benefits of, the provisions of Sections
4.3 through 4.9 inclusive and the last paragraph of Section 9.3 applicable to the Trustee, for purposes of such Sections also a
“Trustee”) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the payments referred to in clauses (x) and (y) of this
Section 4.6(a), with instructions to the Trustee as to the application thereof, (A) money in an amount (in such currency, currencies
or currency unit in which such Securities are then specified as payable at Maturity), or (B) Government Obligations which through
the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before
the due date of any payment referred to in clause (x) or (y) of this Section 4.6(a), money in an amount or (C) a combination thereof
in an amount, sufficient, in the determination of a nationally recognized independent accounting or investment banking firm expressed
in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee in the case of clauses (B) or (C), to pay and discharge, and which
shall be applied by the Trustee to pay and discharge, (x) the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on such Securities
on the Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest and (y) any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable
to such Securities on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such
Securities.

 

    35

    

    

 

Before such a deposit, the Company may make
arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the redemption of such Securities at a future date or dates in accordance with Article
X which shall be given effect in applying the foregoing.

 

(b)          
The deposit pursuant to subsection (a) above shall not result in or constitute a Default or Event of Default under this
Indenture or result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other material agreement or instrument to which
the Company is a party or by which it is bound.

 

(c)          
In the case of an election under Section 4.4, no Default or Event of Default under Section 5.1(4) or 5.1(5) with respect
to such Securities shall have occurred and be continuing during the period commencing on the date of such deposit and ending on
the 91st day after such date (it being understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such
period).

 

(d)          
In the case of an election under Section 4.4, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue
Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income
tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities will
not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to Federal
income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times, as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance
and discharge had not occurred.

 

(e)          
In the case of an election under Section 4.5, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the
effect that the Holders of such Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result
of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times
as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred.

 

(f)           
The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that
all conditions precedent to the defeasance under Section 4.4 or the covenant defeasance under Section 4.5 (as the case may be)
have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that either (i) as a result of a deposit pursuant to subsection
(a) above and the related exercise of the Company’s option under Section 4.4 or Section 4.5 (as the case may be), registration
is not required under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, by the Company, with respect to the trust funds representing
such deposit or by the trustee for such trust funds or (ii) all necessary registrations under said act have been effected.

 

(g)          
Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions
or limitations which may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith as contemplated by Section 3.1.

 

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Section 4.7.      DEPOSITED MONEY AND GOVERNMENT
OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN TRUST. Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 9.3, all money and Government Obligations
(or other property as may be provided pursuant to Section 3.1) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee pursuant
to Section 4.6 in respect of any Securities of any series shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with
the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the
Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities of all sums due and to
become due thereon in respect of principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, but such money need not be segregated from other
funds except to the extent required by law.

 

If specified with respect to a Security
of any series pursuant to Section 3.1, if, after a deposit referred to in Section 4.6(a) has been made, (i) the Holder of such
Security in respect of which such deposit was made is entitled to, and does, elect pursuant to Section 3.11(b) or the terms of
such Security to receive payment in a currency or currency unit other than that in which the deposit pursuant to Section 4.6(a)
has been made in respect of such Security, or (ii) a Conversion Event occurs as contemplated in Section 3.11(d) or 3.11(e) or by
the terms of the Security in respect of which the deposit pursuant to Section 4.6(a) has been made, the indebtedness represented
by such Security shall be deemed to have been, and will be, fully discharged and satisfied through the payment of the principal
of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on such Security as the same becomes due out of the proceeds yielded by converting (from
time to time as specified below in the case of any such election) the amount or other property deposited in respect of such Security
into the currency or currency unit in which such Security becomes payable as a result of such election or Conversion Event based
on the applicable Market Exchange Rate for such currency or currency unit in effect on the second Business Day prior to each payment
date, except, with respect to a Conversion Event, for such currency or currency unit in effect (as nearly as feasible) at the time
of the Conversion Event.

 

Section 4.8.      REPAYMENT TO COMPANY. The Trustee
(and any Paying Agent) shall promptly pay to the Company upon Company Request any excess money or securities held by them at any
time.

 

Section 4.9.      INDEMNITY FOR GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS.
The Company shall pay, and shall indemnify the Trustee against, any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against Government
Obligations deposited pursuant to this Article or the principal and interest received on such Government Obligations, other than
any such tax, fee or other charge that by law is for the account of the Holders of the Securities subject to defeasance or covenant
defeasance pursuant to this Article.

 

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Article
V

 

DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES 

 

Section 5.1.      EVENTS
OF DEFAULT. An “Event of Default” occurs with respect to the Securities of any series, except to the extent such event
is specifically deleted or modified by the applicable Board Resolutions or supplemental indenture as contemplated by Section 3.1
for the Securities of such series, if (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary
or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation
of any administrative or governmental body):

 

(1)          
the Company defaults in the payment of interest on any Security of that series or any additional amount payable with respect
to any Security of that series as specified pursuant to Section 3.1(b)(17) when the same becomes due and payable and such default
continues for a period of 30 days;

 

(2)          
the Company defaults in the payment of the principal of or any premium on any Security of that series when the same becomes
due and payable at its Maturity or on redemption or otherwise, or in the payment of a mandatory sinking fund payment when and as
due by the terms of the Securities of that series;

 

(3)          
the Company defaults in the performance of, or breaches, any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture with
respect to any Security of that series (other than a covenant or warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere
in this Section specifically dealt with), and such default or breach continues for a period of 90 days after there has been given,
by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25%
in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series, a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring
it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder;

 

(4)          
the Company, pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law, (A) commences a voluntary case, (B) consents to the
entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (C) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all
or substantially all of its property, or (D) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors;

 

(5)          
a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that (A) is for relief against the
Company in an involuntary case, (B) appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or (C)
orders the liquidation of the Company; and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days; or

 

(6)          
any other Event of Default provided as contemplated by Section 3.1 with respect to Securities of that series.

 

The term “Bankruptcy Law” means
Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. The term “Custodian” means any
receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

 

Section 5.2.      ACCELERATION; RESCISSION AND
ANNULMENT. If an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing,
the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of all of the Outstanding Securities of that series, by
written notice to the Company (and, if given by the Holders, to the Trustee), may declare the principal (or, if the Securities
of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal amount or other amount
as may be specified in the terms of that series) of all the Securities of that series to be due and payable and upon any such declaration
such principal (or, in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such specified amount) shall be immediately
due and payable.

 

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At any time after such a declaration of
acceleration with respect to Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due
has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its
consequences if all existing Defaults and Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series, other than the non-payment
of the principal of Securities of that series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured
or waived as provided in Section 5.7. Upon any such rescission, the parties hereto shall be restored respectively to their several
positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the parties hereto shall continue as though no acceleration
had occurred.

 

Section 5.3.      COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS
AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE. The Company covenants that if:

 

(1)          
default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security of any series, when such interest becomes due and payable
and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

 

(2)          
default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security of any series at the Maturity thereof
and such default continues for a period of 10 days, the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of
the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal, premium, if any, and interest
and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal, premium, if any,
and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities.

 

If the Company fails to pay such principal,
premium, if any, and interest amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust,
may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of such principal, premium, if any, and interest amounts so due and unpaid,
may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company.

 

In addition, if an Event of Default with
respect to Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed, in its own name and as
trustee of an express trust, to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such
appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the
specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to
enforce any other proper remedy.

 

Section 5.4.      TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF
CLAIM. The Trustee may file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have
the claims of the Trustee and the Holders of Securities of each series allowed in any judicial proceedings relating to the Company,
its creditors or its property.

 

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Section 5.5.      TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS
WITHOUT POSSESSION OF SECURITIES. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities of any series may be prosecuted
and enforced by the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, without the possession of any of the Securities
of such series or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto.

 

Section 5.6.      DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.
No delay or omission by the Trustee or any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default
shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in any such Event of Default.

 

Section 5.7.      WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS. The
Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any series by notice to the Trustee may waive
on behalf of the Holders of all Securities of such series a past Default or Event of Default with respect to that series and its
consequences except a Default or Event of Default (i) in the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Security
of such series or (ii) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which pursuant to Section 8.2 cannot be amended or modified
without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series adversely affected. Upon any such waiver, such Default
shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this
Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent
thereon. In case of any such waiver, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored to their former positions and rights
hereunder and under the Securities of such series, respectively.

 

Section 5.8.      CONTROL BY MAJORITY. The Holders
of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected (with each such series voting
as a class) shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to
the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it with respect to Securities of that series; provided, however, that
(i) the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or this Indenture, (ii) the Trustee may refuse to follow
any direction that is unduly prejudicial to the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series not consenting, or that would
in the good faith judgment of the Trustee have a substantial likelihood of involving the Trustee in personal liability and (iii)
the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction.

 

Section 5.9.      LIMITATION ON SUITS BY HOLDERS.
No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to
this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless:

 

(1)          
the Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities
of that series;

 

(2)          
the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series have made a written
request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

 

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(3)          
such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or
expense to be, or which may be, incurred by the Trustee in pursuing the remedy;

 

(4)          
the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and the offer of indemnity has failed to institute any
such proceedings; and

 

(5)          
during such 60 day period, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
series have not given to the Trustee a direction inconsistent with such written request.

 

No one or more Holders shall have any right
in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights
of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce
any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such Holders.

 

Section 5.10.    RIGHTS OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE
PAYMENT. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, but subject to Section 9.2, the right of any Holder of a Security
to receive payment of principal of, premium, if any, and, subject to Sections 3.5 and 3.7, interest on the Security of such Holder,
on or after the respective due dates expressed in the Security of such Holder (or, in case of redemption, on the redemption dates),
or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without
the consent of such Holder.

 

Section 5.11.    APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED.
If the Trustee collects any money pursuant to this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities, it shall pay out
the money in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account
of principal, premium, if any, or interest, upon presentation of the Securities of the applicable series and the notation thereon
of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

 

First: to the Trustee for amounts due under
Section 6.8 in connection with such series of Securities in respect of which money or other property is collected;

 

Second: Subject to the terms of any subordination
entered into as contemplated by Section 3.1(b) (27) hereof, to Holders of Securities of such series in respect of which or for
the benefit of which such money has been collected for amounts due and unpaid on such Securities for principal of, premium, if
any, and interest, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities
for principal, premium, if any, and interest, respectively; and

 

Third: The balance, if any, to the Company.

 

The Trustee may fix a record date and payment
date for any payment to Holders pursuant to this Section 5.11. At least 15 days before such record date, the Trustee shall mail
to each Holder and the Company a notice that states the record date, the payment date and the amount to be paid.

 

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Unless otherwise specified in a supplemental
indenture with respect to a series of Securities, in any case where Securities of a series are outstanding which are denominated
in more than one currency, or in a composite currency and at least one other currency, and the Trustee is directed to make ratable
payments under this Section to Holders of Securities of such series, the Trustee shall calculate the amount of such payments as
follows: as of the day the Trustee collects an amount under this Article, the Trustee shall, (i) as to each Holder of a Security
of such series to whom an amount is due and payable under this Section which is denominated in a foreign currency or a composite
currency, determine that amount of Dollars that would be obtained for the amount owing such Holder, using the rate of exchange
at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in Dollars as of such day with such amount owing,
(ii) calculate the sum of all Dollar amounts determined under (i) and add thereto any amounts due and payable in Dollars; and (iii)
using the individual amounts determined in (i) or any individual amounts due and payable in Dollars, as the case may be, as a numerator
and the sum calculated in (ii) as a denominator, calculate as to each Holder of a Security of such series to whom an amount is
owed under this Section the fraction of the amount collected under this Article payable to such Holder. Any expenses incurred by
the Trustee in actually converting amounts owing Holders of Securities of a series denominated in a currency or composite currency
other than that in which any amount is collected under this Article shall be likewise (in accordance with this paragraph) be borne
ratably by all Holders of Securities of such series to whom amounts are payable under this Section.

 

Unless otherwise specified in the supplemental
indenture with respect to a series of Securities, to the fullest extent allowed under applicable law, if for the purpose of obtaining
judgment against the Company in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of, or any premium
or interest on the Securities of any series (the “Required Currency”) into a currency in which judgment will be rendered
(the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures
the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Business Day
preceding that on which final judgment is given. The Company shall not be liable for any shortfall in payments to Holders of Securities
of a series under this Section caused by a change in exchange rates between the time the amount of a judgment against it is calculated
as above and the time the Trustee converts the Judgment Currency into the Required Currency to make payments under this Section
to Holders of such Securities, but payment of such judgment shall discharge all amounts owed by the Company on the claim or claims
underlying such judgment.

 

Section 5.12.    RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND
REMEDIES. If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such
proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder,
then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be
restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and
the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

 

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Section 5.13.    RIGHTS
AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE. Except as otherwise provided in Section 5.9 or with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 3.6, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved
to the Trustee or the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the
extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing
at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent
the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. 

 

Article
VI

 

THE TRUSTEE 

 

Section 6.1.      DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
OF TRUSTEE; RELIANCE ON DOCUMENTS, OPINIONS, ETC. (a) The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default and after the
curing or waiver of all Events of Default that may have occurred, undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are
specifically set forth in this Indenture. In the event an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise
such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise, as a prudent
person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs; provided that if an Event
of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers under this
Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity or security
satisfactory to it in its reasonable discretion against any loss, liability or expense that might be incurred by it in compliance
with such request or direction.

 

No provision of this Indenture shall be
construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful
misconduct, except that:

 

(1)          
prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default and after the curing or waiving of all Events of Default that may have occurred:

 

(2)          
the duties and obligations of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture, and the
Trustee shall not be liable except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture
and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

 

(3)          
in the absence of bad faith and willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to
the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished
to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but, in the case of any such certificates or opinions that
by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine
the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the
accuracy of any mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein);

 

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(4)          
the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Officers of the
Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was grossly negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;

 

(5)          
the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance
with the direction of the Holders of not less than a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time outstanding
relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any
trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture;

 

(6)          
whether or not therein provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of,
or affording protection to, the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this clause (a) and clause (b) below;

 

(7)          
the Trustee shall not be liable in respect of any payment (as to the correctness of amount, entitlement to receive or any
other matters relating to payment) or notice effected by the Company or any Paying Agent or any records maintained by any co- Registrar
with respect to the Securities;

 

(8)          
if any party fails to deliver a notice relating to an event the fact of which, pursuant to this Indenture, requires notice
to be sent to the Trustee, the Trustee may conclusively rely on its failure to receive such notice as reason to act as if no such
event occurred, unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee had actual knowledge of such event;

 

(9)          
in the absence of written investment direction from the Company, all cash received by the Trustee shall be placed in a non-interest
bearing trust account, and in no event shall the Trustee be liable for the selection of investments or for investment losses incurred
thereon or for losses incurred as a result of the liquidation of any such investment prior to its maturity date or the failure
of the party directing such investments prior to its maturity date or the failure of the party directing such investment to provide
timely written investment direction, and the Trustee shall have no obligation to invest or reinvest any amounts held hereunder
in the absence of such written investment direction from the Company; and

 

(10)        
in the event that the Trustee is also acting as custodian, Registrar, Paying Agent, Conversion Agent or transfer agent hereunder,
the rights and protections afforded to the Trustee pursuant to this Article VI shall also be afforded to such custodian, Registrar,
Paying Agent, Conversion Agent or transfer agent.

 

None of the provisions contained in this
Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal or financial liability in the performance
of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers. The Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety
in respect of the performance of its powers or duties hereunder. The Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its
rights and powers under this Indenture at the request or direction of the Holders unless such Holder has offered to the Trustee
security or indemnity satisfactory to it in its reasonable discretion against any loss, liability or expense.

 

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(b)          
Except as otherwise provided in ‎the foregoing clause (a) of this Section 6.1:

  

(1)          
the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be fully protected in acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond, note, coupon or other paper or document believed by it in good faith to
be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

 

(2)          
any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Officers’
Certificate (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed); and any Board Resolution may be evidenced
to the Trustee by a copy thereof certified by the Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company;

 

(3)          
the Trustee may consult with counsel of its own selection and require an Opinion of Counsel and any advice of such counsel
or Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or omitted by it hereunder
in good faith and in accordance with such advice or Opinion of Counsel;

 

(4)          
the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate,
statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture or other paper or document,
but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit,
and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records
and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney at the expense of the Company and shall incur no liability of any
kind by reason of such inquiry or investigation;

 

(5)          
the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through
a co-trustee, agents, custodians, nominees or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence
on the part of any agent, custodian, nominee or attorney appointed by it with due care hereunder;

 

(6)          
the permissive rights of the Trustee enumerated herein shall not be construed as duties;

 

(7)          
the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered, or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and reasonably
believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

 

(8)          
the Trustee shall not be responsible for monitoring the performance of other persons or for the failure of others to perform
their duties;

 

(9)          
the Holders will not direct the Trustee to take action contrary to this Indenture, the Securities or applicable law, and
the Trustee is not obligated to follow any instruction of the Holders that is contrary to this Indenture, the Securities or applicable
law;

 

(10)        
the Trustee may request that the Company deliver an Officer’s Certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or
titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture, which Officers’ Certificate
may be signed by any Person authorized to sign an Officers’ Certificate, including any Person specified as so authorized
in any such certificate previously delivered and not superseded;

 

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(11)        
the Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the execution of the trusts and powers under
this Indenture;

 

(12)        
in no event shall the Trustee be liable for any special, punitive, indirect or consequential loss or damage of any kind
whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or
damage and regardless of the form of action;

 

(13)        
the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of any Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities, unless
either (1) a Responsible Officer shall have actual knowledge of such Default or Event of Default or (2) written notice of such
Default or Event of Default shall have been given to the Trustee by the Company or actually received by a Responsible Officer at
the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee from the Company, a Paying Agent, any Holder or any agent of any Holder, referencing
this Indenture;

 

(14)        
the Trustee shall not be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations under this
Indenture arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without
limitation, acts of God; earthquakes; fire; flood; terrorism; wars and other military disturbances; sabotage; epidemics; riots;
interruptions; loss or malfunction of utilities, computer (hardware or soft-ware) or communication services; accidents; labor disputes;
and acts of civil or military authorities and governmental action; and

 

(15)        
neither the Trustee nor any of its directors, officers, employees, agents or affiliates shall be responsible for nor have
any duty to monitor the performance or any action of the Company, or any of their respective directors, members, officers, agents,
affiliates or employee, nor shall it have any liability in connection with the malfeasance or nonfeasance by such party, nor shall
the Trustee be responsible for any inaccuracy in the information obtained from the Company or for any inaccuracy or omission in
the records which may result from such information or any failure by the Trustee to perform its duties as set forth herein as a
result of any inaccuracy or incompleteness.

 

Section 6.2.      TRUSTEE, PAYING AGENTS, CONVERSION
AGENTS OR REGISTRAR MAY HOLD SECURITIES. The Trustee, any Paying Agent, any Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its
individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 310(b) and 311 of the
Trust Indenture Act, may otherwise deal with the Company, an Affiliate or Subsidiary with the same rights it would have if it were
not Trustee, Paying Agent, Registrar or such other agent.

 

Section 6.3.      MONIES TO BE HELD IN TRUST.
Subject to the provisions of Section 4.8 and the last paragraph of Section 9.3, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until
used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated
from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for investment of or interest on
any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Company. Except for amounts deposited pursuant to Article
IV, so long as no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, all interest allowed on any such moneys shall be paid
from time to time to the Company upon a Company Order. The Trustee shall not be obligated to take possession of any Common Stock,
whether upon conversion or in connection with any discharge of this Indenture pursuant hereto.

 

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Section 6.4.      NO RESPONSIBILITIES FOR RECITALS,
ETC. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities (except in the Trustee’s certificate of authentication) shall be
taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the same. The Trustee
makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities, except that the Trustee represents
and warrants that it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture, authenticate the Securities and perform its obligations
hereunder and thereunder; that the statements made by it in a Statement of Eligibility and Qualification on Form T-1 supplied or
to be supplied to the Company in connection with the registration of any Securities are and at the time of delivery will be true
and accurate; and that such Statement complies and at the time of delivery will comply with the requirements of the Trust Indenture
Act and the Securities Act, in each case, applicable to such Statement. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application
by the Company of any Securities or the proceeds of any Securities authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in conformity with
the provisions of this Indenture.

 

Section 6.5.      NOTICE OF DEFAULTS. If a Default
occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any series and if it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee,
the Trustee shall, within 90 days after it occurs, transmit, in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the
Trust Indenture Act, notice of all uncured Defaults known to it; provided, however, that, except in the case of a Default in payment
on the Securities of any series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as a Responsible Officer in good faith determines
that withholding such notice is in the interests of Holders of Securities of that series; provided, further, that in the case of
any default or breach of the character specified in Section 5.1(3) with respect to the Securities of such series, no such notice
to Holders shall be given until at least 90 days after the occurrence thereof.

 

Section 6.6.      REPORTS BY TRUSTEE TO HOLDERS.
(a) Within 60 days after each May 15 of each year commencing with the first May 15 after the first issuance of Securities of any
series pursuant to this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders of Securities of such series as provided in
Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act a brief report dated as of such May 15 if required by and in compliance with Section
313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act. A copy of each report shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee
with each stock exchange, if any, upon which the Securities of any series are listed, with the Commission and with the Company.
The Company will promptly notify the Trustee when the Securities of any series are listed on any stock exchange and of any delisting
thereof.

 

(b)          
The Trustee shall from time to time transmit by mail to all Holders of Securities as provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust
Indenture Act, such reports as are required to be filed pursuant to Section 313(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.

 

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Section 6.7.      SECURITY HOLDER LISTS. The
Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and
addresses of Holders of Securities of each series. If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee
semiannually on or before the last day of June and December in each year, and at such other times as the Trustee may request in
writing, a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, containing all the information in the
possession or control of the Registrar, the Company or any of its Paying Agents other than the Trustee as to the names and addresses
of Holders of Securities of each such series.

  

Section 6.8.       COMPENSATION AND INDEMNITY.
The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee from time to time, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, compensation as
agreed in writing between the Company and the Trustee for all services rendered by it hereunder in any capacity (which shall not
be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as mutually agreed to in writing
between the Trustee and the Company, and the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses,
disbursements and advances reasonably incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture
in any capacity thereunder (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel
and of all Persons not regularly in its employ and including reasonable attorneys’ fees in connection with enforcement of its rights
to indemnity herein) except any such expense, disbursement or advance as shall have been caused by its gross negligence, willful
misconduct or bad faith. The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee in any capacity under this Indenture and any other
document or transaction entered into in connection herewith and its agents and any authenticating agent for, and to hold them harmless
against, any loss, claim, damage, liability, fee, cost, loss, tax, claim, action or expense incurred without gross negligence,
willful misconduct or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, its officers, directors, agents or employees, or such agent or authenticating
agent, as the case may be, and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this Indenture or in any
other capacity hereunder, including third-party claims and claims involving the Company, and including the costs and expenses of
defending themselves against any claim of liability in the premises or enforcing this indemnity. The obligations of the Company
under this Section 6.8 to compensate or indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for expenses, disbursements and
advances shall be secured by a senior claim to which the Securities of the applicable series are hereby made subordinate on all
money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except, subject to the effect of Section 5.11, funds held in trust herewith
for the benefit of the Holders of particular Securities. The Trustee’s right to receive payment of any amounts due under this Section
6.8 shall not be subordinate to any other liability or indebtedness of the Company. The obligation of the Company under this Section
6.8 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture and the earlier resignation or removal of the Trustee. The Company
need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. The indemnification
provided in this Section 6.8 shall extend to the officers, directors, agents and employees of the Trustee.

 

Without prejudice to any other rights available
to the Trustee under applicable law, when the Trustee and its agents and any Authenticating Agent incur expenses or render services
after an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(4) or Section 5.1(5) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services
are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws.

 

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Section 6.9.       SEPARATE TRUSTEE; REPLACEMENT
OF TRUSTEE. (a) The Company may, but need not, appoint a separate Trustee for any one or more series of Securities. The resignation
or removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s
acceptance of appointment as provided in Section 6.10. In the event of an appointment of a separate Trustee for any one or more
series of Securities, the allocation of responsibilities between the separate Trustees shall be determined at that time.

 

(b)          
The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of any one or more series by giving written notice thereof
to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.10 shall not have been delivered to
the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may (at the Company’s expense)
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such
series.

 

(c)           
The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may remove the Trustee
with respect to any one or more series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company in writing and may appoint a successor Trustee
for such series with the Company’s consent.

 

If an instrument of acceptance by a successor
Trustee required by Section 6.10 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of
removal, the Trustee being removed may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series.

 

(d)          
If at any time:

 

(1)          
the Trustee fails to comply with Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act after written request therefor by the Company
or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

 

(2)          
the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 6.11 hereof or Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act and shall
fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of
a Security for at least six months; or

 

(3)          
the Trustee becomes incapable of acting, is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or a receiver or public officer takes charge
of the Trustee or its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case,
(i) the Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (ii) subject to Section 315(e) of the Trust Indenture
Act, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others
similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to Securities of the
series held by such Holder and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

 

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(e)          
If the Trustee resigns or is removed or becomes incapable of acting or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for
any reason, with respect to Securities of one or more series, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to
the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities
of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 6.10. If, within one year after such resignation,
removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall
be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to
the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment
in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.10, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of
such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to
the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner
required by Section 6.10, then, subject to Section 315(e) of the Trust Indenture Act, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder
of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any
court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

 

Section 6.10.    ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT
BY SUCCESSOR. (a) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to Securities of any series, every such
successor Trustee shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such
appointment. Thereupon, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee, without
further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the
request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver
an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

 

(b)          
In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all)
series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and such successor Trustee shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein such successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary
or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, such successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the
retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates,
(ii) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary
or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of
that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration
of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall
constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder
separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and upon the execution and delivery
of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided
therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights,
powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment
of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

 

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(c)          
No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be
qualified and eligible under the Trust Indenture Act.

 

(d)          
The Company shall give, or cause to be given, notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to
the Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series in the manner
provided for notices to the Holders of Securities in Section 1.6. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

 

Section 6.11.    ELIGIBILITY; DISQUALIFICATION.
There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder with respect to each series of Securities (which need not be the same Trustee for
all series). Each Trustee hereunder shall be eligible to act as trustee under Section 310(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act and
shall have a combined capital and surplus of at least $100,000,000. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least
annually, pursuant to law or the requirements of federal, state, territorial or District of Columbia supervising or examining authority,
then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined
capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to
be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter
specified in this Article.

 

If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting
interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall either eliminate such interest or resign, to the extent
and in the manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture.

 

Section 6.12.    MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION
OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated,
or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation
succeeding to or acquiring all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the
Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article, without the execution
or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to, or by succession to
or acquisition of all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of, such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication
and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

 

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Section 6.13.    APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING
AGENT. The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be
authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original issue exchange, registration
of transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture
and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Any such appointment shall be
evidenced by an instrument in writing signed by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, a copy of which instrument shall be promptly
furnished to the Company. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the
Trustee or the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery
on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and, except as may otherwise be provided pursuant
to Section 3.1, shall at all times be a bank or trust company or corporation organized and doing business and in good standing
under the laws of the United States of America or of any State or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as
Authenticating Agent, having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $1,500,000 and subject to supervision or examination
by Federal or State authorities. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law
or the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital
and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent
report of condition so published. In case at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this
Section.

 

Any corporation into which an Authenticating
Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion
or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to or acquiring the corporate
agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation
shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or further act on the part of the
Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

 

An Authenticating Agent for any series of
Securities may at any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee for such series and to the Company. The
Trustee for any series of Securities may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of
termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination,
or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section,
the Trustee for such series may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give
notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve
in the manner set forth in Section 1.6. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become
vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating
Agent herein. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

 

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The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating
Agent from time to time such reasonable compensation as the Company and such Authenticating Agent agree in writing from time to
time including reimbursement of its reasonable expenses for its services under this Section.

 

If an appointment with respect to one or
more series is made pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in addition to or in lieu
of the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication substantially in the following
form:

 

This is one of the [Securities] [of the
series designated herein and] referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture. 

 

	 	[________], as Trustee
	 	 	 
	 	By 	 
	 	 	as Authenticating Agent
	 	By	 
	 	 	Authorized Signatory

  

Article
VII

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE BY THE COMPANY 

 

Section 7.1.      CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE
OF ASSETS. The Company may not merge or consolidate with or into any other Person, in a transaction in which it is not the surviving
corporation, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets to any Person, unless (i)
surviving or transferee Person is organized and existing under the laws of the United States or a State thereof and such Person
expressly assumes by supplemental indenture all the obligations of the Company under each series of Securities and under this Indenture,
(ii) immediately thereafter, giving effect to such merger or consolidation, or such sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition,
no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and (iii) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee
an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel each stating that such merger, consolidation, sale, conveyance, transfer
or other disposition complies with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction
have been complied with. In the event of the assumption by a successor Person of the obligations of the Company, such successor
Person shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company hereunder and under each series of Securities and all such obligations
of the Company shall terminate.

 

Article
VIII

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 

 

Section 8.1.      SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT
CONSENT OF HOLDERS. Without the consent of any Holders, the Company and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter
into indentures supplemental hereto for any of the following purposes:

 

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(1)          
to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants and
obligations of the Company herein and in Securities (with such changes herein and therein as may be necessary or advisable to reflect
such Person’s legal status, if such Person is not a corporation); or

 

(2)          
to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants
are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included solely
for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company or to comply with any requirement
of the Commission or otherwise in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act or otherwise;
or

 

(3)          
to add any additional Events of Default with respect to all or any series of Securities; or

 

(4)          
to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to facilitate or provide
for the issuance of Securities in global form in addition to or in place of Securities in certificated form; or

 

(5)          
to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture, provided that any such change or elimination shall become
effective only with respect to Securities which have not been issued as of the execution of such supplemental indenture or when
there is no Security Outstanding of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture which is entitled
to the benefit of such provision; or

 

(6)          
to add guarantees with respect to all or any series of Securities; or

 

(7)          
to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge any property to or with the Trustee; or

 

(8)          
to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance
and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Sections 4.1, 4.4, and 4.5; provided that any such action shall not adversely
affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such series or any other series of Securities in any material respect; or

 

(9)          
to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1; or

 

(10)        
to provide for the delivery of indentures supplemental hereto or the Securities of any series in or by means of any computerized,
electronic or other medium, including without limitation by computer diskette; or

 

(11)        
to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor or separate Trustee with respect to the
Securities of one or more series and/or to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide
for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Article
VI; or

 

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(12)        
to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be inconsistent with any other provision herein or to cure any ambiguity
or omission or to correct any mistake; or

 

(13)        
to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture, provided such action shall
not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series in any material respect.

 

Section 8.2.       WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS. Without
prior notice to any Holder but with the written consent of the Holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of each series adversely affected by such supplemental indenture (with the Securities of each series voting as a class),
the Company and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto to add any provisions to or to change
or eliminate any provisions of this Indenture or of any other indenture supplemental hereto or to modify the rights of the Holders
of Securities of each such series; provided, however, that without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such
series adversely affected thereby, a supplemental indenture under this Section may not:

 

(1)          
change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security of such
series, or reduce the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof,
or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security or Indexed Security that would be due and payable
upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2, or change any Place of Payment where, or the
coin or currency in which any Securities of such series or any premium or the interest thereon is payable, or impair the right
to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption,
on or after the Redemption Date);

 

(2)          
reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required
for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions
of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences provided for in this Indenture;

 

(3)          
except to the extent provided in Section 8.1(11), make any change in Section 5.7 or this 8.2 except to increase any percentage
or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived except with the consent of the Holders
of each Outstanding Security of such series affected thereby, provided, however, that this clause shall not be deemed to require
the consent of any Holders with respect to changes in the references to the “Trustee” and concomitant changes in this
Section, in accordance with the requirements of Sections 6.10(b) and 8.1(11); or

 

(4)          
modify the ranking or priority of the Securities of such series.

 

For the purposes of this Section 8.2, if
the Securities of any series are issuable upon the exercise of warrants, any holder of an unexercised and unexpired warrant with
respect to such series shall not be deemed to be a Holder of Outstanding Securities of such series in the amount issuable upon
the exercise of such warrants.

 

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A supplemental indenture which changes or
eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or
more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to
such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of
any other series.

 

It is not necessary under this Section 8.2
for the Holders to consent to the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it is sufficient if they consent
to the substance thereof.

 

Section 8.3.      COMPLIANCE WITH TRUST INDENTURE
ACT. Every amendment to this Indenture or the Securities of one or more series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture that
complies with the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

 

Section 8.4.       EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.
In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modification
thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and shall be fully protected in relying
upon an Officer’s Certificate and Opinion of Counsel stating that all conditions precedent to the execution of such supplemental
indenture have been satisfied and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized
or permitted by this Indenture and that such supplemental indenture is the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company.
The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which adversely affects the Trustee.
The Trustee shall enter into any such supplemental indenture presented to it by the Company in compliance with this Article VIII
if such supplemental indenture does not adversely affect the Trustee, as determined in its sole discretion. In formulating its
opinion on such matters the Trustee shall be entitled to rely on such evidence as it deems appropriate, which may be or include,
without limitation, reliance solely on an opinion or advice of its counsel.

 

Section 8.5.       EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.
Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith,
and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities of the applicable
series theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall be bound thereby; provided that if such supplemental
indenture makes any of the changes described in clauses (1) through (4) of the first proviso to Section 8.2, such supplemental
indenture shall bind each Holder of a Security of the applicable series who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of
such Security or any part thereof.

 

Section 8.6.       REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture
pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter
provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to
conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the
Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

 

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Article
IX

 

COVENANTS

 

Section 9.1.      PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM,
IF ANY, AND INTEREST. The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each series of Securities that it will
duly and punctually pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the
terms of the Securities of such series, and this Indenture. An installment of principal, premium, if any, or interest shall be
considered paid on the date it is due if the Trustee or Paying Agent holds on that date money designated for and sufficient to
pay the installment.

 

Section 9.2.      MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.
If Securities of a series are issued as Registered Securities, the Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series
of Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities
of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company
in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the
Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of any such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to
maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations,
surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints
the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands (provided, however, that the foregoing
appointment shall not impose or imply any obligation on the part of the Trustee to maintain any office for any such purposes other
than the Corporate Trust Office.)

 

Subject to the preceding paragraphs, the
Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may
be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however,
that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency
in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee
of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency.

 

Unless otherwise specified as contemplated
by Section 3.1, the Trustee shall initially serve as Paying Agent. The Paying Agent may make reasonable rules not inconsistent
herewith for the performance of its functions.

 

Section 9.3.      MONEY FOR SECURITIES TO BE
HELD IN TRUST; UNCLAIMED MONEY. If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities,
it will, on or before each due date of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any of the Securities of that series,
segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal, premium, if
any, or interest so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and
will promptly notify the Trustee in writing of any failure so to act.

 

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Whenever the Company shall have one or more
Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it will, on or prior to each due date of the principal of or any premium or interest
on any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay such amount, such sum to be held as provided
by the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any failure
so to act.

 

If the Company is not acting as its own
Paying Agent, the Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver
to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section,
that such Paying Agent will:

 

(1)          hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on Securities of that series
in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of
as herein provided;

 

(2)          give the Trustee notice of any Default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making
of any payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of that series; and

 

(3)          at any time during the continuance of any such Default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee
all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

 

Notwithstanding anything in this Section
9.3 to the contrary, the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture,
or with respect to one or more series of Securities, or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent
to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the
same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent
to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.

 

Subject to applicable abandoned property
laws, any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of any principal,
premium or interest or other amounts on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal,
premium, if any, or interest or other amounts has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company (including interest income
on such funds, if any), or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security,
shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee
or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease.

 

Section 9.4.      CORPORATE EXISTENCE. Subject
to Article VII, the Company will at all times do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and
effect its corporate existence.

 

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Section 9.5.      REPORTS BY THE COMPANY. The
Company covenants, at any time at which there are Outstanding Securities of any series issued under this Indenture:

 

(a)          to file with the Trustee, within 30 days after the Company is required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the
annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission
may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with the Commission pursuant
to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; or, if the Company is not required to file information,
documents or reports pursuant to either of such sections, then to file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with
rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information, documents
and reports which may be required pursuant to section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in respect of a security
listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations;

 

(b)          to file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by
the Commission, such additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions
and covenants provided for in this Indenture, as may be required from time to time by such rules and regulations; and

 

(c)          to transmit to all Holders of Securities within 30 days after the filing thereof with the Trustee, in the manner and to
the extent provided in section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required
to be filed by the Company pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this Section 9.5, as may be required by rules and regulations
prescribed from time to time by the Commission.

 

Section 9.6.      ANNUAL REVIEW CERTIFICATE.
At any time at which there are Outstanding Securities of any series issued under this Indenture, the Company covenants and agrees
to deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, a brief certificate from the principal
executive officer, principal financial officer, or principal accounting officer as to his or her knowledge of whether the Company
is in Default under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 9.6, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any
period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture.

 

Article
X

 

REDEMPTION

 

Section 10.1.    APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.
Securities of or within any series which are redeemable in whole or in part before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in
accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise specified in the applicable Board Resolution or supplemental indenture with
respect to such series of Securities, as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

 

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Section 10.2.    ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE
TO TRUSTEE. The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution. In the case of any redemption
at the election of the Company of less than all the Securities of any series of the same tenor, the Company shall, at least 60
days (45 days in the case of redemption of all Securities of any series or of any series with the same (i) Stated Maturity, (ii)
period or periods within which, price or prices at which and terms and conditions upon which such Securities may or shall be redeemed
or purchased, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company or pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or repayable
at the option of the Holder and (iii) rate or rates at which such Securities bear interest, if any, or formula pursuant to which
such rate or rates accrue (collectively, the “Equivalent Principal Terms”)) prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the
Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date of the principal
amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and, if applicable, of the tenor of such Securities to be redeemed. In the case
of any redemption of Securities of a series (i) prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms
of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture or (ii) pursuant to an election of the Company which is subject to a condition
specified in the terms of such Securities, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officer’s Certificate evidencing
compliance with such restriction or condition.

 

Section 10.3.    SELECTION OF SECURITIES TO
BE REDEEMED. If less than all the Securities with Equivalent Principal Terms of any series are to be redeemed (unless all of the
Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected
not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series not previously
called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for
redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series with Equivalent Principal Terms
or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of Securities of such series with Equivalent Principal Terms of a denomination
larger than the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series. Unless otherwise provided in the terms of a particular
series of Securities, the portions of the principal of Securities so selected for partial redemption shall be equal to the minimum
authorized denomination of the Securities of such series, or an integral multiple thereof, and the principal amount which remains
outstanding shall not be less than the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of such series.

 

The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company
in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal
amount thereof to be redeemed. If the Securities of a series having different issue dates, interest rates and maturities (whether
or not originally issued in a Periodic Offering) are to be redeemed, the Company in its discretion may select the particular Securities
or portions thereof to be redeemed and shall notify the Trustee thereof by such time prior to the relevant redemption date or dates
as the Company and the Trustee may agree.

 

For purposes of this Indenture, unless the
context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Securities
redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.

 

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Section 10.4.    NOTICE OF REDEMPTION. Unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed
not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities
to be redeemed, to each Holder of the Securities to be redeemed.

 

All notices of redemption shall state:

 

(1)          the Redemption Date;

 

(2)          the Redemption Price and the amount of accrued interest, if any, to be paid;

 

(3)          if less than all the Outstanding Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial
redemption of any Securities, the principal amounts) of the particular Security or Securities to be redeemed;

 

(4)          in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice which relates to such Security shall state that on and after
the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder of such Security will receive, without a charge, a new Security
or Securities of authorized denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed;

 

(5)          the Place or Places of Payment where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment for the Redemption Price;

 

(6)          that Securities of the series called for redemption appertaining thereto must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect
the Redemption Price;

 

(7)          that, on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price will become due and payable upon each such Security, or the portion thereof,
to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date;

 

(8)          that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case;

 

(9)          the CUSIP number and/or ISIN, if any, of such Securities.

 

Notice of redemption of Securities to be
redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s request, by the Trustee in the
name and at the expense of the Company (provided that the Company prepare and provide to the Trustee the form of such notice, or,
if acceptable to the Trustee, provides sufficient information to enable the Trustee to prepare such notice, in each case on a timely
basis.)

 

Section 10.5.    DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE.
On or prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting
as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 9.3) an amount of money in the currency or currencies
(including currency units or composite currencies) in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified
pursuant to Section 3.1 for the Securities of such series) sufficient to pay on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price of, and
(unless the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) interest accrued to the Redemption Date on, all Securities or portions
thereof which are to be redeemed on that date.

 

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Unless any Security by its terms prohibits
any sinking fund payment obligation from being satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities (including Securities redeemed
otherwise than through a sinking fund), the Company may deliver such Securities to the Trustee for crediting against such payment
obligation in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture.

 

Section 10.6.    SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION
DATE. Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become
due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the
payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest and such Securities shall cease
from and after the Redemption Date to be entitled to any benefit or security under this Indenture, and the Holders thereof shall
have no right in respect of such Securities except the right to receive the Redemption Price thereof and unpaid interest to the
Redemption Date. Except as provided in the next succeeding paragraph, upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance
with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest, if any, to
the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, installments of interest
on Registered Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities,
or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their
terms and the provisions of Section 3.7.

 

If any Security called for redemption shall
not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall, until paid, bear interest from
the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in such Security.

 

Section 10.7.    SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART.
Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed only in part at any Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee
so require, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed
by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver to the Holder of that Security, without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series, having the
same form, terms and Stated Maturity, in any authorized denomination equal in aggregate principal amount to the unredeemed portion
of the principal amount of the Security surrendered.

 

Article
XI

 

SINKING
FUNDS

 

Section 11.1.    APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.
The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of such series.

 

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The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment
provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,”
and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as
an “optional sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any
sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the
redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.

 

Section 11.2.    SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND
PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES. The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other than any previously called for
redemption) and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company
pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the
terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities
of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series; provided
that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the
Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount
of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.

 

Section 11.3.    REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR
SINKING FUND. Not less than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities, the Company will deliver
to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant
to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof,
if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 11.2 and will also deliver
to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee
shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 10.3 and cause
notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section
10.4. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated
in Sections 10.6 and 10.7.

 

This Indenture may be executed in any number
of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one instrument.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have
caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

 

	 	AKOUSTIS
                                         TECHNOLOGIES, inc.

 

	 	By: 	 

	 	Name: 	 

	 	Title: 	 

 

	 	

[●],
as Trustee

 

	 	By: 	 

	 	Name: 	 

	 	Title:EX-4.1

 Exhibit 4.1 

AMENDED AND RESTATED 

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION 

OF 
 GARRETT MOTION INC.

 September 28, 2018 

GARRETT MOTION INC., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, DOES HEREBY CERTIFY AS FOLLOWS: 

1.    The name of the corporation is Garrett Motion Inc. The original Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation was
filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on March 14, 2018 under the name Garrett Transportation Systems Inc. (as amended and in effect immediately prior to the adoption and effectiveness hereof, the “Original
Certificate of Incorporation”). 
 2.    This Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation has been duly
adopted in accordance with Sections 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), and by the written consent of its sole stockholder in accordance with Section 228 of the DGCL, and shall be
effective as of 12:01 a.m., New York City time, on October 1, 2018. 
 3.    The Original Certificate of
Incorporation is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows: 
 ARTICLE I 

The name of the corporation (hereinafter called the “Corporation”) is Garrett Motion Inc. 

ARTICLE II 
 The address of the
Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19808. The name of the Corporation’s registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company. 

ARTICLE III 
 The purpose of the
Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the DGCL. 
 ARTICLE IV 

SECTION 1. The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 450,000,000 shares of
capital stock, consisting of (1) 50,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share 

 
(“Preferred Stock”), and (2) 400,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”). The number of authorized shares of either the
Preferred Stock or the Common Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the stock of the Corporation entitled to vote
thereon irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL (or any successor provision thereto), voting as a single class, and no vote of the holders of either the Preferred Stock or the Common Stock voting separately as a class
shall be required therefor. 
 SECTION 2. The Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) is
hereby expressly authorized, by resolution or resolutions and without stockholder approval, to provide, out of the unissued shares of Preferred Stock, for series of Preferred Stock and, with respect to each such series, to fix the number of shares
constituting such series and the designation of such series, the voting powers (if any) of the shares of such series, and the preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, if any, and any qualifications, limitations or
restrictions thereof, of the shares of such series. The powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights of each series of Preferred Stock, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, if any, may
differ from those of any and all other series at any time outstanding. 
 SECTION 3. (a) Each holder of Common Stock, as such, shall be
entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held of record by such holder on all matters on which stockholders generally are entitled to vote; provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by law, holders of Common
Stock, as such, shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation relating to any series of Preferred Stock) that relates solely to the terms of one or
more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation relating to any series of Preferred Stock) or pursuant to the DGCL. 

(b)    Except as otherwise required by law, holders of a series of Preferred Stock, as such, shall be entitled only to such
voting rights, if any, as shall expressly be granted to such holders by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation relating to such series). 

(c)    Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock,
dividends may be declared and paid on the Common Stock at such times and in such amounts as the Board of Directors in its discretion shall determine. 

(d)    Upon the dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Corporation, subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of
any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, the holders of the Common Stock, as such, shall be entitled to receive the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares held by
them. For the avoidance of doubt, a dissolution, liquidation or 

 
winding up shall not be deemed to be occasioned by or to include, without limitation, any voluntary consolidation, reorganization, conversion or merger of the Corporation with or into any other
corporation or entity or other corporation or entities or a sale, lease, transfer, exchange or conveyance of all or a part of the Corporation’s assets. 

(e)    Shares of Common Stock shall not entitle any holder thereof to any
pre-emptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. 
 ARTICLE V 

SECTION 1. (a) The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. Except as
otherwise fixed pursuant to the terms of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock pursuant to this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation relating to such series of Preferred Stock), the number
of directors of the Corporation shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors. In no event shall a decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shorten the term of any incumbent director. 

(b) The directors, other than those who may be elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock voting separately pursuant to this
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation relating to such series of Preferred Stock), shall be elected by the stockholders entitled to vote thereon at each annual meeting of the stockholders. From
the effective date of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation until the election of the directors at the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, the directors of the Corporation shall be divided into three classes, designated
Class I, Class II and Class III. Each class shall consist, as nearly as may be possible, of one-third of the total number of directors constituting the entire Board of Directors. If the number
of directors has changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned among the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, and any additional director of any class elected to fill a vacancy
resulting from an increase in such class shall hold office for a term that shall coincide with the remaining term of that class. The initial assignment of directors to each such class shall be made by the Board of Directors. The term of office of
the initial Class I directors shall expire at the 2019 annual meeting of stockholders, the term of office of the initial Class II directors shall expire at the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders and the term of office of the initial
Class III directors shall expire at the 2021 annual meeting of stockholders. Each director elected at the 2019, 2020 or 2021 annual meeting of stockholders shall belong to the same class as the director whose term shall have then expired and
who is being succeeded by such director. Each Class I director elected at the 2019 annual meeting of stockholders, each Class II director elected at the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders and each Class III director elected at the
2021 annual meeting of stockholders shall hold office until the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders and, in each case, until his or her respective successor shall have been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or
removal. Commencing with the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, each director shall be elected annually and shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her respective successor shall

 
have been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. Pursuant to such procedures, effective as of the conclusion of the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders,
the Board of Directors will no longer be classified under Section 141(d) of the DGCL and directors shall no longer be divided into three classes. The election of directors need not be by written ballot. 

SECTION 2. Advance notice of nominations for the election of directors shall be given in the manner and to the extent provided in the By-laws of the Corporation. 
 SECTION 3. (a) Except as otherwise provided for or fixed by or pursuant to
the provisions of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation relating to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock (including any Certificate of Designation relating to such series of Preferred Stock), newly
created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, removal or other cause shall only be filled by the Board of Directors by the affirmative vote
of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, or by a sole remaining director, or if not so filled, by the stockholders at the next annual meeting thereof. Any director elected in
accordance with the first sentence of this Section 3 shall hold office for a term that shall coincide with the remaining term of the class such director is elected to and until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and
qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. 
 (b) From the effective date of this Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation until the election of directors at the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, any director or the entire Board of Directors may only be removed for cause, such removal to require the affirmative vote of shares representing at least a
majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the then outstanding shares of all classes and series of capital stock of the Corporation entitled generally to vote on the election of directors of the Corporation. From and after the 2022 annual meeting
of stockholders, any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed with or without cause, and, in either case, such removal shall require the affirmative vote of shares representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by
the then outstanding shares of all classes and series of capital stock of the Corporation entitled generally to vote on the election of directors of the Corporation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, whenever holders of outstanding shares of one or
more series of Preferred Stock voting separately are entitled to elect directors of the Corporation pursuant to the provisions of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation relating to such
series of Preferred Stock), any such director of the Corporation so elected may be removed in accordance with this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including such Certificate of Designation). 

ARTICLE VI 
 Subject to the rights
of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation 

 
must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation and may not be effected by any consent in writing by such stockholders. Except as otherwise required
by law and subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation may only be called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the Board of Directors pursuant to a
resolution approved by a majority of the entire Board of Directors (the entire Board of Directors being the total number of authorized directors, whether or not there exist any vacancies or unfilled previously authorized directorships) or as
otherwise provided in the By-laws of the Corporation. 
 ARTICLE VII 

In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred upon it by law, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, repeal,
alter or amend the By-laws of the Corporation by the vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors. In addition to any requirements of law and any other provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate
of Incorporation (and notwithstanding the fact that a lesser percentage may be specified by law), the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the combined voting power of the then outstanding shares of all classes and series of
capital stock of the Corporation entitled generally to vote in the election of directors of the Corporation, voting together as a single class, shall be required for stockholders to adopt, amend, alter or repeal any provision of the By-laws of the Corporation. 
 ARTICLE VIII 

The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter or repeal any provision contained in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation,
in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, and all rights conferred upon stockholders herein are subject to this reservation. 

ARTICLE IX 
 SECTION 1. To the
fullest extent that the DGCL or any other law of the State of Delaware as it exists or as it may hereafter be amended permits the limitation or elimination of the liability of directors, no director of the Corporation shall be liable to the
Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. 
 SECTION 2. To the fullest extent that the
DGCL or any other law of the State of Delaware as it exists or as it may hereafter be amended permits, including to the extent that such law or amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than permitted prior to such
law or amendment, the Corporation may provide indemnification of (and advancement of expenses to) its current and former directors, officers and agents (and any other persons to which the DGCL permits the Corporation to provide indemnification)
through By-law provisions, agreements with such agents or other persons, votes of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. 

 SECTION 3. No amendment to or repeal of any Section of this Article IX, nor the adoption of
any provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with this Article IX, shall eliminate or reduce the effect of this Article IX in respect of any matter occurring, or any action or proceeding accruing or arising,
prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption of an inconsistent provision. 
 ARTICLE X 

Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative
action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee or stockholder of the Corporation to the Corporation or the
Corporation’s stockholders, (c) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL (or any successor provision thereto) or as to which the DGCL (or any successor provision thereto) confers jurisdiction on the Court
of Chancery of the State of Delaware, (d) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine or (e) any other action asserting an “internal corporate claim” as that term is defined in Section 115 of the
DGCL shall be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law, or, if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have jurisdiction, any other state or federal court located within the
State of Delaware. 
 ARTICLE XI 

The Corporation is to have perpetual existence. 

ARTICLE XII 
 If any provision (or
any part thereof) of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation shall be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any circumstance for any reason whatsoever: (i) the validity, legality and enforceability of such
provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including, without limitation, each portion of any section of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and (ii) to the fullest extent possible, the
provisions of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including, without limitation, each such portion of any section containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to permit the
Corporation to protect its directors, officers, employees and agents from personal liability in respect of their good faith service or for the benefit of the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by law. 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Garrett Motion Inc. has caused this Certificate to be duly executed in
its corporate name as of the date first written above. 
  

					
	GARRETT MOTION INC.
		
	By:	 	/s/ Su Ping Lu
		 	Name:	 	Su Ping Lu
		 	Title:	 	President

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