Document:

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                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.2

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                       PLATINUM UNDERWRITERS FINANCE, INC.
                                     COMPANY

                                       and

                      PLATINUM UNDERWRITERS HOLDINGS, LTD.
                                    GUARANTOR

                                       to

                               JPMORGAN CHASE BANK
                                     TRUSTEE

                                   ----------

                                    INDENTURE

                          Dated as of October 10, 2002

                           GUARANTEED DEBT SECURITIES

                                   ----------

================================================================================

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                       Platinum Underwriters Finance, Inc.
           Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939
                   and Indenture, dated as of October 10, 2002

<Table>
<Caption>
  Trust Indenture Act
       Section                                                    Indenture Section
<S>                                                              <C>
Section 310(a)(1)      ..........................................609
           (a)(2)      ..........................................609
           (a)(3)      ..........................................Not Applicable
           (a)(4)      ..........................................Not Applicable
           (b)         ..........................................608
                                                                 610
Section 311(a)         ..........................................613
           (b)         ..........................................613
Section 312(a)         ..........................................701
                                                                 702(a)
           (b)         ..........................................702(b)
           (c)         ..........................................702(a)
Section 313(a)         ..........................................703(a)
           (b)         ..........................................703(a)
           (c)         ..........................................703(a)
           (d)         ..........................................703(b)
Section 314(a)         ..........................................704
           (b)         ..........................................Not Applicable
           (c)(1)      ..........................................102
           (c)(2)      ..........................................102
           (c)(3)      ..........................................Not Applicable
           (d)         ..........................................Not Applicable
           (e)         ..........................................102
Section 315(a)         ..........................................601
           (b)         ..........................................602
           (c)         ..........................................601
           (d)         ..........................................601
           (d)(1)      ..........................................601
           (d)(2)      ..........................................601
           (d)(3)      ..........................................601
           (e)         ..........................................514
Section 316(a)         ..........................................101
           (a)(1)(A)   ..........................................502
                                                                 512
           (a)(1)(B)   ..........................................513
           (a)(2)      ..........................................Not Applicable
           (b)         ..........................................508
Section 317(a)(1)      ..........................................503
           (a)(2)      ..........................................504
           (b)         ..........................................1003
Section 318(a)         ..........................................107
</Table>

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NOTE:  This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be
       a part of the Indenture.

<Page>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

<Table>
<Caption>
                                                                            Page
                                                                            ----
<S>                                                                           <C>
PARTIES........................................................................1
RECITALS OF THE COMPANY........................................................1
RECITALS OF THE GUARANTOR......................................................1

                                   ARTICLE ONE

             Definitions and Other Provisions of General Application

Section 101.  Definitions......................................................1
Section 102.  Compliance Certificates and Opinions.............................6
Section 103.  Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee...........................7
Section 104.  Acts of Holders; Record Dates....................................7
Section 105.  Notices, Etc., to Trustee, Company and Guarantor.................9
Section 106.  Notice to Holders; Waiver........................................9
Section 107.  Conflict with Trust Indenture Act...............................10
Section 108.  Effect of Headings and Table of Contents........................10
Section 109.  Successors and Assigns..........................................10
Section 110.  Separability Clause.............................................10
Section 111.  Benefits of Indenture...........................................10
Section 112.  Governing Law; Jurisdiction.....................................10
Section 113.  Legal Holidays..................................................11

                                   ARTICLE TWO

                                 Security Forms

Section 201.  Forms Generally.................................................11
Section 202.  Form of Face of Security........................................12
Section 203.  Form of Reverse of Security.....................................14
Section 204.  Form of Guarantee...............................................17
Section 205.  Form of Legend for Global Securities............................19
Section 206.  Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication.................20

                                  ARTICLE THREE

                                 The Securities

Section 301.  Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series............................20
Section 302.  Denominations...................................................23
Section 303.  Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating..................23
Section 304.  Temporary Securities............................................24
Section 305.  Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.............25
</Table>

----------
NOTE:  This table of contents shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part
       of the Indenture.

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<Table>
<S>                                                                           <C>
Section 306.  Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities................26
Section 307.  Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved..................27
Section 308.  Persons Deemed Owners...........................................28
Section 309.  Cancellation....................................................28
Section 310.  Computation of Interest.........................................29
Section 311.  CUSIP Numbers...................................................29

                                  ARTICLE FOUR

                           Satisfaction and Discharge

Section 401.  Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.........................29
Section 402.  Application of Trust Money......................................30

                                  ARTICLE FIVE

                                    Remedies

Section 501.  Events of Default...............................................30
Section 502.  Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment..............33
Section 503.  Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by
              Trustee.........................................................34
Section 504.  Trustee May File Proofs of Claim................................35
Section 505.  Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.....35
Section 506.  Application of Money Collected..................................36
Section 507.  Limitation on Suits.............................................36
Section 508.  Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium
              and Interest....................................................37
Section 509.  Restoration of Rights and Remedies..............................37
Section 510.  Rights and Remedies Cumulative..................................37
Section 511.  Delay or Omission Not Waiver....................................37
Section 512.  Control by Holders..............................................37
Section 513.  Waiver of Past Defaults.........................................38
Section 514.  Undertaking for Costs...........................................39
Section 515.  Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws................................39

                                   ARTICLE SIX

                                   The Trustee

Section 601.  Certain Duties and Responsibilities.............................39
Section 602.  Notice of Defaults..............................................40
Section 603.  Certain Rights of Trustee.......................................40
Section 604.  Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities..........41
Section 605.  May Hold Securities.............................................41
Section 606.  Money Held in Trust.............................................41
Section 607.  Compensation and Reimbursement..................................42
Section 608.  Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.........................42
Section 609.  Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.........................42
Section 610.  Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor...............43
Section 611.  Acceptance of Appointment by Successor..........................44
</Table>

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<Table>
<S>                                                                           <C>
Section 612.  Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.....45
Section 613.  Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company or Guarantor..45
Section 614.  Appointment of Authenticating Agent.............................45

                                  ARTICLE SEVEN

          Holders' Lists and Reports by Trustee, Company and Guarantor

Section 701.  Company and Guarantor to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses
              of Holders......................................................47
Section 702.  Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders..........47
Section 703.  Reports by Trustee..............................................48
Section 704.  Reports by the Company..........................................49

                                  ARTICLE EIGHT

              Consolidation, Merger, Conveyance, Transfer or Lease

Section 801.  Company or Guarantor May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain
              Terms...........................................................49
Section 802.  Successor Person Substituted....................................50

                                  ARTICLE NINE

                             Supplemental Indentures

Section 901.  Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders..............51
Section 902.  Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders.................52
Section 903.  Execution of Supplemental Indentures............................53
Section 904.  Effect of Supplemental Indentures...............................53
Section 905.  Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.............................53
Section 906.  Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures..............54

                                   ARTICLE TEN

                                    Covenants

Section 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest......................54
Section 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency.................................54
Section 1003. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust...............54
Section 1004. Corporate Existence.............................................56
Section 1005. Limitation on Liens.............................................56
Section 1006. Statement by Officers as to Default.............................56
Section 1007. Waiver of Certain Covenants.....................................57

                                 ARTICLE ELEVEN

                            Redemption of Securities

Section 1101. Applicability of Article........................................57
Section 1102  Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee...........................57
</Table>

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<Table>
<S>                                                                           <C>
Section 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed...............58
Section 1104  Notice of Redemption............................................58
Section 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price.....................................59
Section 1106. Securities Payable on Redemption Date...........................59
Section 1107. Securities Redeemed in Part.....................................59

                                 ARTICLE TWELVE

                                  Sinking Funds

Section 1201. Applicability of Article........................................60
Section 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities...........60
Section 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.......................60

                                ARTICLE THIRTEEN

                                   Guarantees

Section 1301. Guarantee.......................................................61
Section 1302. Execution and Delivery of Guarantees............................62

                                ARTICLE FOURTEEN

                       Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

Section 1401. Applicability of Article; Company's Option to Effect
              Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance...............................63
Section 1402. Defeasance and Discharge........................................63
Section 1403. Covenant Defeasance.............................................64
Section 1404. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.................64
Section 1405. Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to be Held
              in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions........................66
Section 1406. Reinstatement...................................................66
</Table>

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               INDENTURE, dated as of October 10, 2002, among Platinum
Underwriters Finance, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under
the laws of the State of Delaware, having its principal office at 195
Broadway, 28th Floor, New York, New York 10007 (herein called the "COMPANY"),
and Platinum Underwriting Holdings, Ltd., a Bermuda corporation duly
organized and existing under the laws of Bermuda, having its principal office
at Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton HM11, Bermuda (hereinafter
called the "GUARANTOR"), and JPMorgan Chase Bank, a New York banking
corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of New
York, having its principal office at 450 West 33rd Street, New York, New York
as Trustee (herein called the "TRUSTEE").

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

               The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of
this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured
and unsubordinated debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein
called the "SECURITIES"), to be issued in one or more series as in this
Indenture provided.

               All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of
the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

                            RECITALS OF THE GUARANTOR

               The Guarantor desires to make the Guarantees as provided for
herein.

               All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of
the Guarantor, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

               NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

               For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the
equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series
thereof, as follows:

                                   ARTICLE ONE

                        Definitions and Other Provisions
                             of General Application

Section 101.   DEFINITIONS.

               For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly
provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

               (1)     the terms defined in this Article have the meanings
          assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the
          singular;

               (2)     all other terms used herein which are defined in the
          Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the
          meanings assigned to them therein;

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               (3)     all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have
          the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted
          accounting principles, and, except as otherwise herein expressly
          provided, the term "generally accepted accounting principles" with
          respect to any computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean
          such accounting principles as are generally accepted at the date of
          such computation; and

               (4)     the words "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder" and other
          words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to
          any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

               Certain terms, used principally in Article Six, are defined in
that Article.

               "ACT", when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning
specified in Section 104.

               "AFFILIATE" of any specified Person means any other Person
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect
common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise;
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the
foregoing.

               "AUTHENTICATING AGENT" means any Authenticating Agent appointed
pursuant to Section 614 to authenticate Securities and which, initially, shall
be the Trustee.

               "BOARD OF DIRECTORS" means either the board of directors of the
Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be, and any duly authorized committee
of such boards.

               "BOARD RESOLUTION" means a copy of a resolution certified by the
Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Corporate Secretary of the Company or the
Guarantor, as the case may be, to have been duly adopted by the Board of
Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification,
and delivered to the Trustee.

               "BUSINESS DAY", when used with respect to any Place of Payment,
means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on
which banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated
by law to close.

               "COMMISSION" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as
from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any
time after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and
performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the
body performing such duties at such time.

               "COMPANY" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor corporation shall have become
such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor corporation.

               "COMPANY REQUEST" or "COMPANY ORDER" and "GUARANTOR REQUEST" and
"GUARANTOR ORDER" means respectively, a written request or order signed in the
name of the Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be, by the Chairman of the
Board, the President or a

                                       -2-
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Vice President, and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or
an Assistant Secretary of the Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be, and
delivered to the Trustee.

               "CORPORATE TRUST OFFICE" means the principal office of the
Trustee in The City of New York, at which at any particular time its corporate
trust business in such City may be administered. At the date hereof, such office
is located at 450 West 33rd Street, New York, New York 10001, Attention:
Institutional Trust Services.

               "CORPORATION" includes corporations, associations, companies and
business trusts.

               "DEFAULTED INTEREST" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

               "DEPOSITORY" means, with respect to the Securities of any series
issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global
Securities, the clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act specified for
that purpose as contemplated by Section 301.

               "EVENT OF DEFAULT" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

               "EXCHANGE ACT" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as it
may be amended and any successor act thereto.

               "GLOBAL SECURITY" means a security bearing the legend
specified in Section 202 evidencing all or part of a series of Securities,
authenticated and delivered to the Depository for such series or its nominee,
and registered in the name of such Depository or nominee.

               "GUARANTEE" means any guarantee of the Guarantor endorsed on a
Security, authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture and shall
include the Guarantee set forth in Article 13.

               "GUARANTOR" means the Person named as the "Guarantor" in the
first paragraph of this instrument until a successor corporation shall have
become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and
thereafter "Guarantor" shall mean such successor corporation.

               "HOLDER" means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in
the Security Register.

               "INDENTURE" means this instrument as originally executed or as it
may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof
and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities established as
contemplated by Section 301.

               "INTEREST", when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount
Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest
payable after Maturity.

               "INTEREST PAYMENT DATE", when used with respect to any security,
means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

                                       -3-
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               "MATURITY", when used with respect to any Security, means the
date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal
becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated
Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

               "OFFICERS' CERTIFICATE" means a certificate signed by the
Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer,
an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Company
or the Guarantor, as the case may be, and delivered to the Trustee. One of the
officers signing an Officers' Certificate given pursuant to Section 1006 shall
be the principal executive, financial or accounting officer of the Company or
the Guarantor, as the case may be.

               "OPINION OF COUNSEL" means a written opinion of counsel, who may
be counsel for the Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be.

               "ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT SECURITY" means any Security which
provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and
payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
Section 502.

               "OUTSTANDING", when used with respect to Securities, means, as of
the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture, except:

               (i)     Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or
          delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

               (ii)    Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the
          necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or
          any Paying Agent (other than the Company or the Guarantor) in trust or
          set aside and segregated in trust by the Company or the Guarantor (if
          the Company or the Guarantor shall act as its own Paying Agent) for
          the Holders of such Securities; PROVIDED that, if such Securities are
          to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant
          to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee
          has been made; and

               (iii)   Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 306
          or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been
          authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any
          such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to
          the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by
          a protected purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid
          obligations of the Company;

PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, (i) the principal
amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed to be
Outstanding shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and
payable as of the date of such determination upon acceleration of the Maturity
thereof pursuant to Section 502, (ii) the principal amount of a Security
denominated in a foreign currency or currencies shall be the U.S. dollar
equivalent, determined on the date of original issuance of such Security, of the
principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the

                                       -4-
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U.S. dollar equivalent on the date of original issuance of such Security of the
amount determined as provided in (i) above) of such Security, and (iii)
Securities owned by the Company or the Guarantor or any other obligor upon the
Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be
disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which the
Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which
have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as outstanding if the pledgee
establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act
with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or the
Guarantor or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the
Company or of such other obligor.

               "PAYING AGENT" means any Person authorized by the Company or the
Guarantor to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any
Securities on behalf of the Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be.

               "PERSON" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint
venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, limited liability company,
unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision
thereof.

               "PLACE OF PAYMENT", when used with respect to the Securities of
any series, means the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if
any) and interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified as
contemplated by Section 301.

               "PREDECESSOR SECURITY" of any particular Security means every
previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced
by such particular Security and, for the purposes of this definition, any
Security authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in
lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to
evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

               "REDEMPTION DATE", when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this
Indenture.

               "REDEMPTION PRICE", when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this
Indenture.

               "REGULAR RECORD DATE" for the interest payable on any Interest
Payment Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that
purpose as contemplated by Section 301.

               "RESPONSIBLE OFFICER", when used with respect to the Trustee,
means any officer of the Trustee with direct responsibility for the
administration of this Indenture and also means, with respect to a particular
corporate trust matter, any other officer of the Trustee to whom such matter is
referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular
subject.

               "SECURITIES" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this
Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.

               "SECURITY REGISTER" and "SECURITY REGISTRAR" have the respective
meanings specified in Section 305.

                                       -5-
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               "SPECIAL RECORD DATE" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest
means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

               "STATED MATURITY", when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified
in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

               "TRUSTEE" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and
if at any time there is more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with
respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to
Securities of that series.

               "TRUST INDENTURE ACT" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in
force at the date as of which this instrument was executed, except as provided
in Section 905; PROVIDED, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of
1939 is amended after such date, "Trust Indenture Act" means, to the extent
required by such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as amended.

               "U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS" has the meaning specified in
Section 1404.

               "VICE PRESIDENT", when used with respect to the Company,
Guarantor or the Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by
a number or a word or words added before or after the title "vice president".

Section 102.   COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS.

               Except as otherwise expressly provided by this Indenture, upon
any application or request by the Company or the Guarantor to the Trustee to
take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company or the
Guarantor, as the case may be, shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this
Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion
of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel such action is authorized
or permitted by this Indenture and that all such conditions precedent, if any,
have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or
request as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by
any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or
request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.

               Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include

               (1)     a statement that each individual signing such certificate
          or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions
          herein relating thereto;

               (2)     a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
          examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions
          contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

                                       -6-
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               (3)     a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual,
          he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to
          enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such
          covenant or condition has been complied with; and

               (4)     a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such
          individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

Section 103.   FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE.

               In any case where several matters are required to be certified
by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that
all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one
such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one
or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify
or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

               Any certificate or opinion of any officer of the Company or the
Guarantor may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a
certificate or opinion of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer
knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate
or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his
certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate or Opinion
of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a
certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the
Company or the Guarantor stating that the information with respect to such
factual matters is in the possession of the Company or the Guarantor, unless
such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the
certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are
erroneous.

               Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.

Section 104.   ACTS OF HOLDERS; RECORD DATES.

               (a)     Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken
by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of
substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agent duly
appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such
action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered
to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company or the
Guarantor or both of them. Such instrument or instruments (and the action
embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the
"ACT" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution
of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be
sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 601)
conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company or the Guarantor, if made in
the manner provided in this Section.

               (b)     The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any
such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such
execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by
law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying

                                       -7-
<Page>

that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the
execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity
other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also
constitute sufficient proof of his authority. The fact and date of the execution
of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the
same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

               (c)     The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the
Security Register.

               (d)     Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every
future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon
the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof
in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee, the
Company or the Guarantor in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such
action is made upon such Security.

               (e)     The Company may set any day as a record date for the
purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series
entitled to give, make or take any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture
to be given, made or taken by Holders of Securities of such series, PROVIDED
that the Company may not set a record date for, and the provisions of this
paragraph shall not apply with respect to, the giving or making of any notice,
declaration, request or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding
Securities of the relevant series on such record date, and no other Holders,
shall be entitled to take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders
remain Holders after such record date; PROVIDED that no such action shall be
effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date
by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such
series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to
prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any action for which a
record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the
record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person
be cancelled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed
to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal
amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action
is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the
Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the
proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the
Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in
the manner set forth in Section 106.

               The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of
determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to join
in the giving or making of (i) any Notice of Default, (ii) any declaration of
acceleration referred to in Section 502, (iii) any request to institute
proceedings referred to in Section 507(2) or (iv) any direction referred to in
Section 512, in each case with respect to Securities of such series. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be
entitled to join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or
not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; PROVIDED that no such
action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable
Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall
be construed to prevent the Trustee from setting a new record date for any
action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this
paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with
no action by any Person be cancelled and

                                       -8-
<Page>

of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render
ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of
Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is taken.
Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee,
at the Company's expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed
action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Company
in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner
set forth in Section 106.

               With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the
party hereto which sets such record dates may designate any day as the
"Expiration Date" and from time to time may change the Expiration Date to any
earlier or later day; PROVIDED that no such change shall be effective unless
notice of the proposed new Expiration Date is given to the other party hereto in
writing, and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner
set forth in Section 106, on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an
Expiration Date is not designated with respect to any record date set pursuant
to this Section, the party hereto which set such record date shall be deemed to
have initially designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration
Date with respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Expiration Date as
provided in this paragraph. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Expiration Date
shall be later than the 180th day after the applicable record date.

               Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to
take any action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with
regard to all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or
more duly appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment
with regard to all or any part of such principal amount.

Section 105.   NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE, COMPANY AND GUARANTOR.

               Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this
Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

               (1)     the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company or the
          Guarantor shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made,
          given, furnished or filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its
          Corporate Trust Office, Attention: Institutional Trust Services, or

               (2)     the Company or the Guarantor by the Trustee or by any
          Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless
          otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed,
          first-class postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to it at the
          address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of
          this instrument with a copy to the Guarantor addressed to it at the
          address specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any
          other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the
          Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be.

Section 106.   NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER.

               Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event,
such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly
provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder
affected by such event, at his address as it appears in

                                       -9-
<Page>

the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the
earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where
notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor
any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the
sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture
provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the
Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and
such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders
shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition
precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

               In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by
reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail,
then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall
constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

Section 107.   CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

               If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with
another provision hereof which is required to be included in this Indenture by
any of the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, such required provision shall
control.

Section 108.   EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

               The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents
are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

Section 109.   SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS.

               All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company or
the Guarantor shall bind its respective successors and assigns, whether so
expressed or not.

Section 110.   SEPARABILITY CLAUSE.

               In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities
shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or
impaired thereby.

Section 111.   BENEFITS OF INDENTURE.

               Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or
implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their
successors hereunder and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or equitable
right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

Section 112.   GOVERNING LAW; JURISDICTION.

               This Indenture, the Securities and the Guarantees shall be
governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York,
without giving effect to the conflicts of laws principles thereof.

                                      -10-
<Page>

               The Guarantor irrevocably (i) agrees that any legal suit, action
or proceeding against it arising out of or based on this Indenture or the
transactions contemplated hereby or the Securities may be instituted in any
United States Federal or State court in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of
New York, State of New York (a "NEW YORK COURT"), (ii) waives, to the fullest
extent it may effectively do so, any objection which it may now or hereafter
have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding, and (iii) submits to the
non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or
proceeding. The Guarantor irrevocably waives any immunity to jurisdiction to
which it may otherwise be entitled or become entitled (including sovereign
immunity, immunity to pre-judgment attachment, post-judgment attachment and
execution) in any legal suit, action or proceeding against it arising out of or
based on this Indenture or the transactions contemplated hereby or the
Securities which is instituted in any New York Court or in any foreign court. To
the fullest extent permitted by law, the Guarantor hereby waives any objection
to the enforcement by any competent foreign court of any judgment validly
obtained in any such proceeding. The Guarantor designates and appoints CT
Corporation System in New York City as its authorized agent (the "AUTHORIZED
AGENT") upon which process may be served in any such action arising out of or
based on this Indenture or the transactions contemplated hereby or the
Securities which may be instituted in any New York Court, expressly consents to
the jurisdiction of any such court in respect of any such action, and waives any
other requirements of or objections to personal jurisdiction with respect
thereto. Such appointment shall be irrevocable. The Guarantor represents and
warrants that its Authorized Agent has agreed to act as such agent for service
of process and the Guarantor agrees to take any and all action, including the
filing of any and all documents and instruments, that may be necessary to
continue such appointment in full force and effect as aforesaid. Service of
process upon the Authorized Agent and written notice of such service of process
to the Guarantor shall be deemed, in every respect, effective service of process
upon the Guarantor.

Section 113.   LEGAL HOLIDAYS.

               In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or
Stated Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of
Payment, then (unless otherwise provided in Section 301 of this Indenture or in
the Securities) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) need not
be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next
succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect
as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, or at the Stated
Maturity, provided that no interest shall accrue with respect to such payment,
for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or
Stated Maturity, as the case may be.

                                   ARTICLE TWO

                                 Security Forms

Section 201.   FORMS GENERALLY.

               The Securities of each series shall be in substantially the form
set forth in this Article, or in such other form as shall be established by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto,
in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and
other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have
such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or
endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any
securities exchange or depository therefor or as may, consistently herewith, be
determined by the officers

                                      -11-
<Page>

executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution thereof. The
Guarantees by the Guarantor to be endorsed on the Securities of each series
shall be in substantially the form set forth in this Article, or in such other
form as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or
more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate
insertions, omissions, substitutions and other corrections as are required or
permitted by this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto, and may have
such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or
endorsements placed thereon as may, consistently herewith be determined by the
officers executing such Guarantees, as evidenced by their execution of such
Guarantees. If the form of Securities or the related Guarantee of any series is
established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an
appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary of the Company and the Guarantor, as the case may be, and
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order and
Guarantor Order contemplated by Section 303 for the authentication and delivery
of such Securities.

               The Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be in
substantially the form set forth in this Article.

               The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or
engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner,
provided that such method is permitted by the rules of any securities exchange
on which such securities may be listed, all as determined by the officers
executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

Section 202.   FORM OF FACE OF SECURITY.

               [Insert any legend required by the Internal Revenue Code and the
regulations thereunder.]

                       Platinum Underwriters Finance, Inc.

                                -----------------

No. ______                                                             $ _______

               Platinum Underwriters Finance, Inc. a corporation duly organized
and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (herein called the
"COMPANY", which term includes any successor corporation under the Indenture
hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to
_________________________________ or registered assigns, the principal sum of
_______________________ Dollars on _______________________ _________ [IF THE
SECURITY IS TO BEAR INTEREST PRIOR TO MATURITY, INSERT --, and to pay interest
thereon from __________ or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to which
interest has been paid or duly provided for, semi-annually on ________________
and _______________ in each year, commencing ___________, at the rate of ___%
per annum, until the principal hereof is paid or made available for payment [IF
APPLICABLE INSERT --, provided that any principal and premium, and any such
installment of interest, which is overdue shall bear interest at the rate of
___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due until they are paid or made
available for payment, and such interest shall be payable on demand]. The
interest so payable shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve
30-day months. The interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided
for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as provided in such

                                      -12-
<Page>

Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more
Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular
Record Date for such interest, which shall be the ______ or _______ (whether or
not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment
Date. Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for will
forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may
either be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more
Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special
Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the
Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this series
not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid at any time
in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any
securities exchange on which the Securities of this series may be listed, and
upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, all as more fully provided
in said Indenture]. [IF THE SECURITY IS NOT TO BEAR INTEREST PRIOR TO MATURITY,
INSERT -- The principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the
case of a default in payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or
at Stated Maturity and in such case the overdue principal and any overdue
premium shall bear interest at the rate of ___% per annum (to the extent that
the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such
amounts are due until they are paid or made available for payment. Interest on
any overdue principal or premium shall be payable on demand. [Any such interest
on overdue principal or premium which is not paid on demand shall bear interest
at the rate of ______% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such
interest on interest shall be legally enforceable), from the date of such demand
until the amount so demanded is paid or made available for payment. Interest on
any overdue interest shall be payable on demand.]

               Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) [IF APPLICABLE,
INSERT - and any such interest on this Security] will be made at the office or
agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in New York, New York, in such
coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is
legal tender for payment of public and private debts [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- ;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that at the option of the Company payment of interest may be
made by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such
address shall appear in the Security Register].

               Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this
Security set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all
purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

               Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed
by the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this
Security shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or
obligatory for any purpose.

                                      -13-
<Page>

               IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be
duly executed under its corporate seal.

Dated:
      ------------

                                                     PLATINUM UNDERWRITERS
                                                     FINANCE, INC.

                                                     By
                                                        ------------------------

Attest:

-------------------

Section 203.   FORM OF REVERSE OF SECURITY.

               This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of
the Company (herein called the "SECURITIES"), issued and to be issued in one or
more series under an Indenture, dated as of October 10, 2002 (herein called the
"INDENTURE", which term shall have the meaning assigned to it in such
instrument), between the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Trustee (herein
called the "TRUSTEE", which term includes any successor trustee under the
Indenture), and reference is hereby made to the Indenture for a statement of the
respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of
the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and of the terms upon
which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. This
Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof [IF APPLICABLE,
INSERT --, limited in aggregate principal amount to $___________].

               [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- The Securities of this series are
subject to redemption upon not more than 60 or less than 30 days' notice by
mail,] [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- (1) on _________ in any year commencing with
the year _____ and ending with the year ______ through operation of the sinking
fund for this series at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal
amount, and (2)] at any time [on or after ________, 20__], as a whole or in
part, at the election of the Company, at the following Redemption Prices
(expressed as percentages of the principal amount): If redeemed [on or before
_____________, __%, and if redeemed] during the 12-month period beginning
_______ of the years indicated.

<Table>
<Caption>
                    Redemption                              Redemption
     Year             Price               Year                Price
     ----           ----------            ----              ----------
     <S>            <C>                   <C>               <C>

</Table>

                                      -14-
<Page>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to _____,% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- (whether
through operation of the sinking fund or otherwise)] with accrued interest to
the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or
prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities,
or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the
relevant Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the
Indenture.]

               [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- The Securities of this series are
subject to redemption upon not more than 60 or less than 30 days' notice by
mail, (1) on ____________ in any year commencing with the year ____ and ending
with the year ____ through operation of the sinking fund for this series at the
Redemption Prices for redemption through operation of the sinking fund
(expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below,
and (2) at any time [on or after ___________, as a whole or in part, at the
election of the Company, at the Redemption Prices for redemption otherwise than
through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as percentages of the principal
amount) set forth in the table below: If redeemed during the 12-month period
beginning ____________ of the years indicated,

<Table>
<Caption>
                                                   Redemption Price For
                                                   Redemption Otherwise
                     Redemption Price For              Than Through
                      Redemption Through             Operation of the
     Year       Operation of the Sinking Fund          Sinking Fund
     ----     ---------------------------------  ------------------------
     <S>      <C>                                <C>

</Table>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to _____% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption (whether through operation of the
sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but
interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption
Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant
Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.]

               [The sinking fund for this series provides for the redemption on
__________ in each year beginning with the year ________ and ending with the
year ______ of [not less than] $_______ [("mandatory sinking fund") and not more
than $__________] aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series.
[Securities of this series acquired or redeemed by the Company otherwise than
through [mandatory] sinking fund payments may be credited against subsequent
[mandatory] sinking fund payments otherwise required to be made -- in the
inverse order in which they become due.]

               In the event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new
Security or Securities of this series and of a like tenor for the unredeemed
portion hereof will be issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the
cancellation hereof.

               [IF THE SECURITY IS NOT AN ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT SECURITY,-- If
an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, the principal of the

                                      -15-
<Page>

Securities of this series may be declared due and payable in the manner and with
the effect provided in the Indenture.]

               [IF THE SECURITY IS AN ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT SECURITY, -- If an
Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be
declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the
Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to -- INSERT FORMULA FOR DETERMINING THE
AMOUNT. Upon payment (i) of the amount of principal so declared due and payable
and (ii) of interest on any overdue principal, premium and overdue interest (in
each case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable), all of the Company's obligations in respect of the payment of the
principal of and premium and interest, if any, on the Securities of this series
shall terminate.]

               [The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance at any time of
[the entire indebtedness of this Security or] [certain restrictive covenants and
Events of Default with respect to this Security] [, in each case] upon
compliance with certain conditions set forth therein.]

               The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein
provided, the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and
obligations of the Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of
each series to be affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and
the Trustee with the consent of the majority of the Holders in principal amount
of the Securities at the time Outstanding of each series to be affected. The
Indenture also contains provisions permitting the Holders of specified
percentages in principal amount of the Securities of each series at the time
Outstanding, on behalf of the Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive
compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain
past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or
waiver by the Holder of this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such
Holder and upon all future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued
upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu
hereof, whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this
Security.

               No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this
Security or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the
Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and any
premium, and interest on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the
coin or currency, herein prescribed.

               As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations
therein set forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Security
Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the
office or agency of the Company in any place where the principal of and any
premium and interest on this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or
accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his
attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of
this series and of like tenor, of authorized denominations and for the same
aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or
transferees.

               Prior to due presentment for registration of transfer of this
Note, the Company, the Guarantor, the Trustee, any paying agent and the
Registrar may deem and treat the registered holder hereof as the absolute owner
hereof (whether or not this Note shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice
of ownership or writing hereon made by anyone other than the

                                      -16-
<Page>

Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the
principal hereof and premium, if any, and interest due hereon and for all other
purposes, and neither the Company, the Guarantor nor the Trustee nor any paying
agent nor any Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

               No recourse shall be had for the payment of the principal of or
the interest on this Note, or for any claim based hereon, or otherwise in
respect hereof, or based on or in respect of the Indenture, against any
incorporator, shareholder, officer or director, past, present or future, as
such, of the Company or the Guarantor or of any predecessor or successor
corporations, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or
by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise, all such liability
being, by the acceptance hereof and as part of the consideration for the
issuance hereof, expressly waived and released.

               The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered
form without coupons in denominations of $________ and any integral multiple
thereof. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein
set forth, Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate
principal amount of Securities of this series and of like tenor of a different
authorized denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same.

               No service charge shall be made for any such registration of
transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to
cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

               Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of
transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee
may treat the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner
hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither
the Company, the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the
contrary.

               The Indenture and the Notes shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to the
conflicts of laws principles thereof.

               All terms used in this Security which are defined in the
Indenture shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

Section 204.   FORM OF GUARANTEE.

               For value received, Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd., a
corporation organized under the laws of Bermuda (herein called the "GUARANTOR",
which term includes any successor under the Indenture referred to in the Note
upon which this Guarantee is endorsed), hereby absolutely, fully and
unconditionally and irrevocably guarantees to the Holder of the Note upon which
this Guarantee is endorsed, and to the Trustee on behalf of such Holder, (a) the
due and punctual payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if
any, on such Note, and the due and punctual payment of any sinking fund payments
provided in such Note when and as the same shall become due and payable, whether
at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or
otherwise, (b) the due and punctual payment of interest on overdue principal of
and interest on such Note, if any, if lawful, and (c) the due and punctual
payment of any and all other payments due to the Holder, all in accordance with
the terms of such Note and of the Indenture. In case of the failure of the
Company punctually to make any

                                      -17-
<Page>

such payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, if any, the Guarantor
hereby agrees to cause any such payment to be made punctually when and as the
same shall become due and payable, whether at the Stated Maturity or by
declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise, and as if such
payment were made by the Company.

               The Guarantor hereby agrees that its obligations hereunder are a
guaranty of payment and not a guaranty of collection or performance and shall be
unconditional and absolute, irrespective of the validity, regularity or
enforceability of such Note or the Indenture or any limitation of the Company
thereunder or any limitation on the method or terms of payment thereunder which
may now or hereafter be caused or imposed in any manner whatsoever, the absence
of any action to enforce the same, any waiver or consent by the Holder of such
Note or by the Trustee with respect to any provisions thereof or of the
Indenture, the obtaining of any judgment against the Company or any action to
enforce the same or any other circumstance which might otherwise constitute a
legal or equitable discharge or defense of a guarantor. The Guarantor hereby
waives the benefits of division and discussion, diligence, presentment, demand
of payment, filing of claims with a court in the event of insolvency or
bankruptcy of the Company, any right to require a proceeding first against the
Company, protest or notice with respect to such Note or the indebtedness
evidenced thereby and all demands whatsoever, and covenants that this Guarantee
will not be discharged except by complete performance of the obligations
contained in such Note and in this Guarantee. Without limiting the generality of
the foregoing, the Guarantor hereby agrees that the obligations of the Guarantor
hereunder shall not be released, affected or impaired by assignment or transfer
in whole or in part of the Note whether or not made without notice to or the
consent of the Guarantor and shall not be subject to any reduction, limitation,
impairment or termination for any reason, including any claim of waiver,
release, surrender, alteration or compromise, and shall not be subject to any
defense of, including, but not limited to, setoff, counterclaim, recoupment or
termination whatsoever, and that such obligations shall not be released,
affected or impaired regardless of whether or not any Holder, including the
Holder of the Note, or anyone on behalf of any such Holder shall have instituted
any suit, action or proceeding or exhausted its remedies or taken any steps to
enforce any rights against the Company or any other person to compel any such
performance or observance or to collect all or part of any such amount, either
pursuant to the provisions of the Indenture or the Note or at law or in equity,
and regardless of any other condition or contingency, or by reason of the
invalidity, illegality or unenforceability of the Note or the Indenture or
otherwise and that such obligations shall not be discharged or impaired or
otherwise affected by the failure of the Trustee or any Holder of such Note to
assert any claim or demand or to enforce any remedy under the Indenture or such
Note, any other guarantee or any other agreement, by any waiver, amendment,
indulgence or modification (whether material or otherwise) of any provision of
any thereof, by any default, failure or delay, willful or otherwise, in the
performance of any obligations under the Indenture, the Note or this Guarantee,
or by the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, sale or other disposition of all
or substantially all of the assets of the Company or the Guarantor, or any
receivership, insolvency, bankruptcy, reorganization, or other similar
proceedings, affecting the Company or any of its assets, or the release of any
property from the lien and security interest created by the Indenture or the
Note or of any other security for the Note, or the release or discharge of the
Company or the Guarantor from the performance or observance of any agreement,
covenant, term or condition contained in the Indenture or the Note by operation
of law, or the merger or consolidation of the Company or the Guarantor, or any
other cause, whether similar or dissimilar to the foregoing, or by any other act
or omission that may or might in any manner or to any extent vary the risk or
obligations of the Guarantor or that would otherwise operate as a discharge of a
surety or guarantor as a matter

                                      -18-
<Page>

of law or equity (other than the performance of the obligations contained in
such Note and in this Guarantee).

               The Holder of the Note upon which this Guarantee is endorsed is
entitled to the further benefits relating hereto set forth in the Indenture. No
reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Guarantee or of the
Indenture shall alter or impair the guarantee of the Guarantor, which is
absolute and unconditional, of the due and punctual payment of the principal of
and interest, or any such other payments, on the Note upon which this Guarantee
is endorsed.

               This Guarantee shall be governed by and construed in accordance
with the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to the conflicts
of laws principles thereof.

               All terms used in this Guarantee which are defined in the
Indenture shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

               This Guarantee shall not be valid or obligatory for any purpose
until the certificate of authentication on the Note upon which this Guarantee is
endorsed shall have been executed by the Trustee under the Indenture by the
manual signature of one of its authorized officers.

               IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Guarantor has caused this Guarantee to be
duly executed.

                                                PLATINUM UNDERWRITERS
                                                HOLDINGS, LTD.

                                                By:
                                                    ----------------------------
                                                Name:
                                                Title:

Attest:

By:
    --------------------------
    Name:
    Title:

Section 205.   FORM OF LEGEND FOR GLOBAL SECURITIES.

               Any Global Security authenticated and delivered hereunder shall
bear a legend in substantially the following form:

                       "This Security is a Global Security within the meaning of
          the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of
          a Depository or a nominee thereof. This Security may not be exchanged
          in whole or in part for a Security registered, and no transfer of this
          Security in whole or in part may be registered in the name of any
          person

                                      -19-
<Page>

          other than such Depository or a nominee thereof, except in the limited
          circumstances described in the Indenture."

Section 206.   FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION.

               The Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be in
substantially the following form:

               This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein
referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                                JPMORGAN CHASE BANK,
                                                as Trustee

                                                By
                                                   -----------------------------

                                                Authorized Officer

                                  ARTICLE THREE

                                 The Securities

Section 301.   AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES.

               The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

               The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall
be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company or the
Guarantor, as the case may be, and, subject to Section 303, set forth, or
determined in the manner provided, in an Officers' Certificate, or established
in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of
Securities and the Guarantees to be endorsed thereon of any series,

               (1)     the title of the Securities of the series (which shall
          distinguish the Securities of the series from Securities of any other
          series);

               (2)     any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the
          Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered
          under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and
          delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in
          lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 304, 305,
          306, 906 or 1107 and except for any Securities which, pursuant to
          Section 303, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered
          hereunder);

               (3)     the Person to whom any interest on a Security of the
          series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that
          Security (or one or more

                                      -20-
<Page>

          Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the
          Regular Record Date for such interest;

               (4)     the date or dates on which the principal of the
          Securities of the series is payable or the method of determination
          thereof;

               (5)     the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series
          shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such
          interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such
          interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date for the interest
          payable on any Interest Payment Date;

               (6)     the place or places where the principal of (and premium,
          if any) and interest on Securities of the series shall be payable;

               (7)     the period or periods within which, the price or prices
          at which, and the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the
          series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the
          Company;

               (8)     the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or
          purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or
          analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof, the
          condition, if any, giving rise to such obligation and the period or
          periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and
          conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or
          purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation and any
          provisions for the remarketing of such securities;

               (9)     any provisions necessary to permit or facilitate the
          issuance, payment or conversion of any Securities of the series that
          may be converted into securities or other property other than
          Securities of the same series (including shares of the Company's
          common or preferred stock or other Securities of the Company) and of
          like tenor, whether in addition to, or in lieu of, any payment of
          principal or other amount and whether at the option of the Company or
          otherwise;

               (10)    if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral
          multiple thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series
          shall be issuable;

               (11)    the currency or currencies, including composite
          currencies, in which payment of the principal of and any premium and
          interest on the Securities of the series shall be payable if other
          than the currency of the United States of America and, if so, whether
          the securities of the series may be discharged other than as provided
          in Article Four;

               (12)    if the principal of or any premium or interest on any
          Securities of the series is to be payable, at the election of the
          Company or the Holder thereof, in one or more currencies, composite
          currencies or currency units other than that or those in which such
          Securities are stated to be payable, the currency, currencies,
          composite currency, composite currencies or currency units in which
          the principal of or any premium or interest on such Securities as to
          which such election is made shall be payable, the periods within which
          and the terms and

                                      -21-
<Page>

          conditions upon which such election is to be made and the amount so
          payable (or the manner in which such amount shall be determined and
          the calculation agent, if any, with respect thereto);

               (13)    if the amount of payments of principal of and any premium
          or interest on the Securities of the series may be determined with
          reference to an index, a formula or any other method, the manner in
          which such amounts shall be determined and the calculation agent, if
          any, with respect thereto;

               (14)    whether the Securities of the series shall be issued in
          whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and, in
          such case, the Depository with respect to such Global Security or
          Securities and the circumstances under which any such Global Security
          may be exchanged for Securities registered in the name of, and any
          transfer of such Global Security may be registered in the name of, a
          Person other than such Depository or its nominee, if other than as set
          forth in Section 305;

               (15)    if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion
          of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be
          payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof
          pursuant to Section 502;

               (16)    the application, if any, of Section 1402 or 1403 to the
          Securities of any series;

               (17)    the place or places where, subject to the provisions of
          Section 1001, the principal of and any premium or interest on
          Securities of the series shall be payable, any Securities of the
          series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, Securities of
          the series may be surrendered for exchange and notices and demands to
          or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of the series and
          this Indenture may be served;

               (18)    the right, if any, of the Company or a third party to
          redeem or purchase Securities of the series and the period or periods
          within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and
          conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed or
          purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such right;

               (19)    any terms applicable to Original Issue Discount, if any,
          (as that term is defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
          amended, and the regulations thereunder) including the rate or rates
          at which such Original Issue Discount, if any, shall accrue;

               (20)    any addition to or change in the Events of Default which
          apply to any Securities of the series and any change in the right of
          the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the
          principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 502;

               (21)    any proposed listing on any national or foreign
          securities exchange of the Securities of the series; and

                                      -22-
<Page>

               (22)    any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be
          inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture).

               All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical
except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant
to the Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section 303) set forth
in the Officers' Certificate or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.

               If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken
pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action
shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
the Guarantor and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the
Officers' Certificate setting forth the terms of the series. Such Board
Resolution may provide general terms or parameters for Securities of such series
and may provide that the specific terms of particular Securities of such series,
and the Persons authorized to determine such terms or parameters, may be
determined in accordance with or pursuant to the Company Order for
authentication and delivery of such Securities.

Section 302.   DENOMINATIONS.

               The Securities of each series shall be issuable in registered
form without coupons in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated
by Section 301. In the absence of any such provisions with respect to the
Securities of any series, the Securities of such series shall be issuable in
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

Section 303.   EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING.

               The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its
Chairman of the Board, its Chief Executive Officer, its President or one of its
Vice Presidents. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be
manual or facsimile.

               Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of
individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind
the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to
hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or
did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

               At any time and from time to time after the execution and
delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series
executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a
Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the
Trustee in accordance with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such
Securities. If the form or terms of the Securities of the series have been
established in or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by
Sections 201 and 301, in authenticating such Securities, and accepting the
additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities,
the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be
fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating,

               (a)     if the form of such Securities has been established by or
          pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 201, that such
          form has been established in conformity with the provisions of this
          Indenture;

                                      -23-
<Page>

               (b)     if the terms of such Securities have been established by
          or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 301, that such
          terms have been established in conformity with the provisions of this
          Indenture; and

               (c)     that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by
          the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any
          conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid
          and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in
          accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency,
          fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of
          general applicability relating to or affecting the enforcement of
          creditors' rights and to general equity principles.

If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner
which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

               Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 301 and of the
preceding paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally
issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers'
Certificate otherwise required pursuant to Section 301 or the Company Order and
Opinion of Counsel otherwise required pursuant to such preceding paragraph at or
prior to the time of authentication of each Security of such series if such
documents are delivered at or prior to the time of authentication upon original
issuance of the first Security of such series to be issued.

               Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

               Neither any Security nor the Guarantee endorsed thereon, shall be
entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any
purpose unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication
substantially in the form provided for herein executed by the Trustee by manual
signature, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence,
and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and
delivered hereunder and is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and
delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company
shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in
Section 309 together with a written statement (which need not comply with
Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) stating that
such Security has never been issued and sold by the Company, for all purposes of
this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated
and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this
Indenture.

               Reference is made to Section 1302 concerning the execution and
delivery of the Guarantees.

Section 304.   TEMPORARY SECURITIES.

               Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series,
the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten,
mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination,
substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of

                                      -24-
<Page>

which they are issued and having endorsed thereon Guarantees executed by the
Guarantor substantially of the tenor of the definitive Guarantees, and with such
appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the
officers executing such Securities and such Guarantees may determine, as
evidenced by their execution of such Securities and such Guarantees.

               If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company
will cause definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without
unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such
series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for
definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities
of such series at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for
that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of
any one or more temporary Securities of any series the Company shall execute and
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal
amount of definitive Securities of the same series and of a like tenor of
authorized denominations. Until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any
series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this
Indenture as definitive Securities of such series.

Section 305.   REGISTRATION, REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

               The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office
of the Trustee a register (the register maintained in such office and in any
other office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein
sometimes collectively referred to as the "SECURITY REGISTER") in which, subject
to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide
for the registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The Trustee
is hereby appointed "SECURITY REGISTRAR" for the purpose of registering
Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided.

               Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of
any series at the office or agency in a Place of Payment for that series, the
Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the
name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of
the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate
principal amount and tenor having endorsed thereon a Guarantee or Guarantees
executed by the Guarantor.

               At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be
exchanged for other Securities of the same series of any authorized
denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor, upon surrender
of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any
Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making
the exchange is entitled to receive having endorsed thereon a Guarantee or
Guarantees executed by the Guarantor.

               All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing
the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the
Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

               Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of
transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be
duly endorsed, or be

                                      -25-
<Page>

accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the Holder thereof or his
attorney duly authorized in writing.

               No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer
or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in
connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other
than exchanges pursuant to Section 304, 906 or 1107 not involving any transfer.

               The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the
transfer of or exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at
the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of
redemption of Securities of that series selected for redemption under Section
1104 and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (ii) to
register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in
whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed
in part.

               Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Global Security shall be
registered for transfer or exchange, or authenticated or delivered, pursuant to
this Section 305 or Section 304, 306, 906 or 1107 in the name of a Person other
than the Depository for such Security or its nominee until (i) the Depository
with respect to a Global Security notifies the Company that it is unwilling or
unable to continue as Depository for such Global Security or the Depository
ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, (ii) the
Company executes and delivers to the Trustee a Company Order that such Global
Security shall be so transferable and exchangeable or (iii) there shall have
occurred and be continuing an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of
such series. Upon the occurrence in respect of any Global Security of any series
of any one or more of the conditions specified in clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) of
the preceding sentence or such other conditions as may be specified as
contemplated by Section 301 for such series, such Global Security may be
registered for transfer or exchange for Securities registered in the names of,
or authenticated and delivered to, such Persons as the Depository with respect
to such series shall direct.

               Except as provided in the preceding paragraph, any Security
authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange
for, or in lieu of, any Global Security, whether pursuant to this Section,
Section 304, 306, 906 or 1107 or otherwise, shall also be a Global Security and
bear the legend specified in Section 205.

Section 306.   MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES.

               If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the
Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange
therefor a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal
amount having endorsed thereon a Guarantee executed by the Guarantor and bearing
a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

               If there shall be delivered to the Company, the Guarantor and the
Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of
any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to
save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence
of notice to the Company, the Guarantor or the Trustee that such Security has
been acquired by a protected purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its
request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such
destroyed, lost or stolen

                                      -26-
<Page>

Security, a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal
amount having endorsed thereon a Guarantee executed by the Guarantor and bearing
a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

               In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security
has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion
may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

               Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the
Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

               Every new Security of any series and the Guarantee endorsed
thereon, issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or
stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation
of the Company in the case of the Security and the Guarantor in the case of the
Guarantee endorsed therein, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen
Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to
all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all
other Securities of that series and the Guarantee endorsed thereon, duly issued
hereunder.

               The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude
(to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the
replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

Section 307.   PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED.

               Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with
respect to any series of Securities, interest on any Security which is payable,
and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall
be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date
for such interest.

               Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but
is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date
(herein called "DEFAULTED INTEREST") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the
Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder,
and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each
case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below:

               (1)     The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted
          Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series
          (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the
          close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such
          Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The
          Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted
          Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series and the
          date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall
          deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate
          amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or
          shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit
          prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited
          to be held in trust for the

                                      -27-
<Page>

          benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this
          Clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date
          for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more
          than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the
          proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the
          Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall
          promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the
          name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the
          proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record
          Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each
          Holder of Securities of such series at his address as it appears in
          the Security Register, not less than 10 days prior to such Special
          Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest
          and the Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such
          Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the
          Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities)
          are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date
          and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following Clause (2).

               (2)     The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on
          the Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not
          inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which
          such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required
          by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee
          of the proposed payment pursuant to this Clause, such manner of
          payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

               Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each
Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in
exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest
accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

Section 308.   PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS.

               Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of
transfer, the Company, the Guarantor, the Trustee and any agent of the Company,
the Guarantor or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Security is
registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of
principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Section 307) interest on such
Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be
overdue, and neither the Company, the Guarantor, the Trustee nor any agent of
the Company, the Guarantor or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the
contrary. None of the Company, the Guarantor, the Trustee or any agent of the
Company, the Guarantor or the Trustee shall have any responsibility or liability
for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of
beneficial ownership interests of a Security in global form or for maintaining,
supervising or receiving any records relating to such beneficial ownership
interests.

Section 309.   CANCELLATION.

               All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration
of transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if
surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee
and shall be promptly cancelled by it. The Company or the Guarantor may at any
time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously
authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company or the Guarantor may
have acquired

                                      -28-
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in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person
for delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities previously
authenticated hereunder which the Company has not issued and sold, and all
Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. No
Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities
cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this
Indenture. All cancelled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of in
accordance with its normal procedures unless otherwise directed by a Company
Order.

Section 310.   COMPUTATION OF INTEREST.

               Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for
Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

Section 311.   CUSIP NUMBERS.

               The Company in issuing the Securities may use a "CUSIP", "CINS",
or "ISIN" number (if then generally in use), and the Company and the Trustee
shall use such "CUSIP" "CINS", or "ISIN" number in notices of redemption or
exchange as a convenience to Holders; PROVIDED that any such notice shall state
that no representation is made as to the correctness of such "CUSIP" "CINS", or
"ISIN" number either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice
of redemption or exchange and that reliance may be placed only on the other
identification numbers printed on the Securities; and PROVIDED FURTHER that
failure to use "CUSIP" "CINS", or "ISIN" numbers in any notice of redemption or
exchange shall not affect the validity or sufficiency of such notice. The
Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change in "CUSIP" "CINS", or
"ISIN" number for the Securities.

                                  ARTICLE FOUR

                           Satisfaction and Discharge

Section 401.   SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE.

               This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further
effect (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities herein expressly provided for), and the Trustee, at the
expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when

               (1)     either

                       (A)  all Securities theretofore authenticated and
               delivered (other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed,
               lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided
               in Section 306 and (ii) Securities for whose payment money has
               theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in
               trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or
               discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 1003) have
               been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

                       (B)  all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the
               Trustee for cancellation

                                      -29-
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                            (i)    have become due and payable, or

                            (ii)   will become due and payable at their Stated
                       Maturity within one year, or

                            (iii)  are to be called for redemption within one
                       year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for
                       the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the
                       name, and at the expense, of the Company,

               and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has
               deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust
               funds in trust for the purpose an amount sufficient to pay and
               discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not
               theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for
               principal (and premium, if any) and interest to the date of such
               deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and
               payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the
               case may be;

               (2)     the Company or the Guarantor has paid or caused to be
          paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and

               (3)     the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
          Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
          conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction
          and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

               Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture,
the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 607, the obligations
of the Company to any Authenticating Agent under Section 614 and, if money shall
have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of clause (1) of
this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the last
paragraph of Section 1003 shall survive.

Section 402.   APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY.

               Subject to provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all
money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 shall be held in trust
and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this
Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company or the Guarantor acting as its own Paying Agent) as the
Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and
premium, if any) and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited
with the Trustee.

                                      -30-
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                                  ARTICLE FIVE

                                    Remedies

Section 501.   EVENTS OF DEFAULT.

               "EVENT OF DEFAULT", wherever used herein with respect to
Securities of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the
reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or
involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment,
decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any
administrative or governmental body):

               (1)     default in the payment of any interest upon any Security
          of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of
          such default for a period of 30 days; or

               (2)     default in the payment of the principal of (or premium,
          if any, on) any Security of that series at its Maturity; or

               (3)     default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when
          and as due by the terms of a Security of that series; or

               (4)     default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or
          warranty of the Company or the Guarantor in this Indenture (other than
          a covenant or warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach
          is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with or which has
          expressly been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of a
          series of Securities other than that series), and continuance of such
          default or breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given,
          by registered or certified mail, to the Company and the Guarantor by
          the Trustee or to the Company, the Guarantor and the Trustee by the
          Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding
          Securities of that series a written notice specifying such default or
          breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is
          a "NOTICE OF DEFAULT" hereunder; or

               (5)     the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises
          of (A) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company or the
          Guarantor in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable
          Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other
          similar law or (B) a decree or order adjudging the Company or the
          Guarantor a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a
          petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or
          composition of or in respect of the Company or the Guarantor under any
          applicable Federal or State law, or appointing a custodian, receiver,
          liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official
          of the Company or the Guarantor or of any substantial part of its
          respective property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its
          affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order for relief or
          any such other decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of
          90 consecutive days; or

               (6)     the commencement by the Company or the Guarantor of a
          voluntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State
          bankruptcy,

                                      -31-
<Page>

          insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other case
          or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the
          consent by it to the entry of a decree or order for relief in respect
          of the Company or the Guarantor in an involuntary case or proceeding
          under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency,
          reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of any
          bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against it, or the filing
          by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or
          relief under any applicable Federal or State law, or the consent by it
          to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or taking
          possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
          sequestrator or similar official of the Company or the Guarantor or of
          any substantial part of its respective property, or the making by it
          of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it
          in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become
          due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company or the Guarantor
          in furtherance of any such action; or

               (7)     the Guarantee of the Guarantor ceases to be in full force
          and effect, or the Guarantor shall deny or disaffirm its obligations
          under the Guarantee; or

               (8)     the Company or the Guarantor defaults with respect to
          indebtedness for money borrowed having an aggregate principal amount
          of at least $25 million, or the Company or the Guarantor defaults
          under any mortgage, indenture or instrument under which the Company or
          the Guarantor may have issued, secured or evidenced indebtedness
          having an aggregate principal amount of at least $25 million, whether
          such indebtedness exists now or is created later, which default (A)
          results from the failure by the Company or the Guarantor to pay any
          part of the principal of such indebtedness when the principal became
          due after the expiration of any grace period or (B) causes the
          acceleration of such indebtedness, without, in the case of clause (A)
          above, such indebtedness being discharged or without, in the case of
          clause (B) above, such indebtedness being discharged or such
          acceleration having been rescinded or annulled, both within 10 days
          after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the
          Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be, by the Trustee or
          holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
          Securities, a written notice specifying the default or acceleration
          and stating that such Notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

               (9)     any other Event of Default provided with respect to
          Securities of that series.

               Upon receipt by the Trustee of any Notice of Default pursuant to
this Section 501 with respect to Securities of a series all or part of which is
represented by a Global Security, a record date shall be established for
determining Holders of Outstanding Securities of such series entitled to join in
such Notice of Default, which record date shall be at the close of business on
the day the Trustee receives such Notice of Default. The Holders on such record
date, or their duly designated proxies, and only such Persons, shall be entitled
to join in such Notice of Default, whether or not such Holders remain Holders
after such record date; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that unless Holders of at least 25%
in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, or their
proxies, shall have joined in such Notice of Default prior to the date which is
the ninetieth

                                      -32-
<Page>

day after such record date, such Notice of Default shall automatically and
without further action by any Holder be cancelled and of no further effect.
Nothing in this paragraph shall prevent a Holder, or a proxy of a Holder, from
giving, (i) after expiration of such 90-day period, a new Notice of Default
identical to a Notice of Default which has been cancelled pursuant to the
proviso to the preceding sentence or (ii) during any such 90-day period, an
additional Notice of Default with respect to any new or different fact or
circumstance permitting the giving of a Notice of Default with respect to
Securities of such series, in either of which events a new record date shall be
established pursuant to the provisions of this Section 501.

Section 502.   ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT.

               If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified
in Sections 501(5) and (6)) with respect to Securities of any series at the time
Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then and in every such case the Trustee or
the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of that series may declare the principal amount (or, if any of the
Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion
of the principal amount of such Securities as may be specified in the terms
thereof) of all of the Securities of that series to be due and payable
immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company and the Guarantor (and to the
Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal
amount (or specified amount) shall become immediately due and payable. If an
Event of Default specified in Section 501(5) or (6) occurs and is continuing,
then all the Securities shall IPSO FACTO become due and payable immediately in
an amount equal to the principal amount (or, if any of the Securities of that
series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal
amount of such Securities as may be specified in the terms thereof) of the
Securities together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date the
Securities become due and payable, without any declaration or other act on the
part of the Trustee or any Holder. Thereupon, the Trustee may, at its
discretion, proceed to protect and enforce the rights of Holders of the
Securities by appropriate means.

               At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect
to Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this
Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company, the
Guarantor and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its
consequences if

               (1)     the Company or the Guarantor has paid or deposited with
          the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay

                       (A)  all overdue interest on all Securities of that
               series,

                       (B)  the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any
               Securities of that series which have become due otherwise than by
               such declaration of acceleration and interest thereon at the rate
               or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,

                       (C)  to the extent that payment of such interest is
               lawful, interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates
               prescribed therefor in such Securities, and

                                      -33-
<Page>

                       (D)  all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder
               and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
               advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel;

          and

               (2)     all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that
          series, other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities of
          that series which have become due solely by such declaration of
          acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 513.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right
consequent thereon.

               Upon receipt by the Trustee of written notice declaring such an
acceleration, or rescission and annulment thereof, with respect to Securities of
a series all or part of which is represented by a Global Security, a record date
shall be established for determining Holders of Outstanding Securities of such
series entitled to join in such notice, which record date shall be at the close
of business on the day the Trustee receives such notice. The Holders on such
record date, or their duly designated proxies, and only such Persons, shall be
entitled to join in such notice, whether or not such Holders remain Holders
after such record date; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that unless such declaration of
acceleration, or rescission and annulment, as the case may be, shall have become
effective by virtue of the requisite percentage having joined in such notice
prior to the day which is the ninetieth day after such record date, such notice
of declaration of acceleration, or rescission and annulment, as the case may be,
shall automatically and without further action by any Holder be cancelled and of
no further effect. Nothing in this paragraph shall prevent a Holder, or a proxy
of a Holder, of Securities of any series from giving, (i) after expiration of
such 90-day period, a new written notice of declaration of acceleration, or
rescission and annulment thereof, as the case may be, that is identical to a
written notice which has been cancelled pursuant to the proviso to the preceding
sentence or (ii) during any such 90-day period an additional written notice of
declaration of acceleration with respect to any other Event of Default with
respect to Securities of such series, or an additional written notice of
rescission or annulment of any declaration of acceleration with respect to any
other Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series, in either of
which events a new record date shall be established pursuant to the provisions
of this Section 502.

Section 503.   COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE.

               The Company covenants that if

               (1)     default is made in the payment of any interest on any
          Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default
          continues for a period of 30 days, or

               (2)     default is made in the payment of the principal of (or
          premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof,

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the
Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such
Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest and, to the extent
that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any
overdue principal (and premium, if any) and on any overdue

                                      -34-
<Page>

interest, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in
addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs
and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

               If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such
demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may
institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and
unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may
enforce the same against the Company, the Guarantor or any other obligor upon
such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the
manner provided by law out of the property of the Company, the Guarantor or any
other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.

               If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series
occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect
and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such
series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most
effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific
enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the
exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

Section 504.   TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM.

               In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency,
liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or
other judicial proceeding relating to the Company, the Guarantor or any other
obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company, the Guarantor or of
such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the
principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed
or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall
have made any demand on the Company or the Guarantor for the payment of overdue
principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such
proceeding or otherwise,

               (i)     to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of
          principal (and premium, if any) and interest owing and unpaid in
          respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents
          as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the
          Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation,
          expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and
          counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and

               (ii)    to collect and receive any moneys or other property
          payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or
other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by
each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the
Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to
pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other
amounts due the Trustee under Section 607.

               Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee
to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan
of reorganization, arrangement,

                                      -35-
<Page>

adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder
thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any
Holder in any such proceeding.

Section 505.   TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF SECURITIES.

               All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the
Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession
of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating
thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in
its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall,
after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the
ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such
judgment has been recovered.

Section 506.   APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED.

               Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall
be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee
and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal (or
premium, if any) or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the
notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender
thereof if fully paid:

               FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under
          Section 607, including the reasonable fees and expenses of its
          counsel; and

               SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for
          principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities in
          respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been
          collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind,
          according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for
          principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively.

Section 507.   LIMITATION ON SUITS.

               No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to
institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture,
or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy
hereunder, unless

               (1)     such Holder has previously given written notice to the
          Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the
          Securities of that series;

               (2)     the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of
          the Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written
          request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such
          Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

               (3)     such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee
          reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be
          incurred in compliance with such request;

               (4)     the Trustee for 90 days after its receipt of such notice,
          request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such
          proceeding; and

                                      -36-
<Page>

               (5)     no direction inconsistent with such written request has
          been given to the Trustee during such 90-day period by the Holders of
          a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
          series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of
such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any
other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in
the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such
Holders.

Section 508.   UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND
               INTEREST.

               Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder
of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to
receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to
Section 307) interest on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Maturities
expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption
Date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such
rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

Section 509.   RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.

               If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to
enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been
discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to
the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall
be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and
thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue
as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

Section 510.   RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE.

               Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph
of Section 306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the
Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or
remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be
cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or
now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or
employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the
concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

Section 511.   DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.

               No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any
Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default
shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event
of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this
Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to
time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders,
as the case may be.

                                      -37-
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Section 512.   CONTROL BY HOLDERS.

               The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or
exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the
Securities of such series, PROVIDED that

               (1)     such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of
          law or with this Indenture, and

               (2)     the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by
          the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction.

               Upon receipt by the Trustee of any written notice directing the
time, method or place of conducting any such proceeding or exercising any such
trust or power, with respect to Securities of a series all or part of which is
represented by a Global Security, a record date shall be established for
determining Holders of Outstanding Securities of such series entitled to join in
such notice, which record date shall be at the close of business on the day the
Trustee receives such notice. The Holders on such record date, or their duly
designated proxies, and only such Persons, shall be entitled to join in such
notice, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that unless the Holders of a majority in principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of such series shall have joined in such notice prior
to the day which is the ninetieth day after such record date, such notice shall
automatically and without further action by any Holder be cancelled and of no
further effect. Nothing in this paragraph shall prevent a Holder, or a proxy of
a Holder, from giving, (i) after expiration of such 90-day period, a new notice
identical to a notice which has been cancelled pursuant to the proviso to the
preceding sentence or (ii) during any such 90-day period, a new direction
contrary to or different from such direction, in either of which events a new
record date shall be established pursuant to the provisions of this Section 512.

Section 513.   WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS.

               Subject to Section 502, the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may, by notice to the
Trustee, waive an existing or past default with respect to the Securities of
such series and its consequences, except a default

               (1)     in the payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or
          interest on any Security of such series, or in the deposit of any
          sinking fund payment when and as due,

               (2)     in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under
          Article Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the
          Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected, or

               (3)     in respect of an existing or past default described in
          clause (4), (5) or (6) of Section 501, which may be waived by the
          Holders of a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding
          Securities voting together as a single class.

               The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date
for the purpose of determining the Persons entitled to waive any past default
hereunder. If a record

                                      -38-
<Page>

date is fixed, the Holders on such record date, or their duly designated
proxies, and only such Persons, shall be entitled to waive any default
hereunder, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that unless such majority in principal amount shall have
waived such default prior to the date which is the ninetieth day after such
record date, any such waiver previously given shall automatically and without
further action by any Holder be cancelled and of no further effect.

               Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any
Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every
purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or
other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

Section 514.   UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS.

               All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any
Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any
court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any
right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any
action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party
litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that
such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable
attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to
the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant;
but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any
Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by
any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium,
if any) or interest on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity or
Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or
after the Redemption Date).

Section 515.   WAIVER OF STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS.

               The Company and the Guarantor covenant (to the extent that they
may lawfully do so) that they will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in
any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of any stay or
extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may
affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company and
the Guarantor (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waive
all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that they will not
hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the
Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though
no such law had been enacted.

                                   ARTICLE SIX

                                   The Trustee

Section 601.   CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.

               The duties and responsibilities of the Trustee shall be as
provided by the Trust Indenture Act.

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               Notwithstanding the foregoing, no provision of this Indenture
shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any
financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the
exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for
believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk
or liability is not reasonably assured to it. Whether or not therein expressly
so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or
affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be
subject to the provisions of this Section.

Section 602.   NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.

               If a default occurs hereunder with respect to Securities of any
series, the Trustee shall give the Holders of Securities of such series notice
of such default as and to the extent provided in the Trust Indenture Act,
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in the case of any default of the character specified in
Section 501(4) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to
Holders shall be given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For
the purpose of this Section, the term "DEFAULT" means any event which is, or
after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with
respect to Securities of such series.

Section 603.   CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

               Subject to the provisions of Section 601:

               (a)     the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or
          refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
          instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent,
          order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other
          paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed
          or presented by the proper party or parties;

               (b)     any request or direction of the Company or the Guarantor
          mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request
          or Company Order or a Guarantor Request or Guarantor Order, as the
          case may be, or as otherwise expressly provided herein and any
          resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company or the Guarantor
          may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

               (c)     whenever in the administration of this Indenture the
          Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established
          prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the
          Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may,
          in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers'
          Certificate;

               (d)     the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written
          advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and
          complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken,
          suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance
          thereon;

               (e)     the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any
          of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request
          or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless
          such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or
          indemnity against the costs, expenses and

                                      -40-
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          liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such
          request or direction;

               (f)     the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation
          into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate,
          statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction,
          consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness
          or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may
          make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters
          as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such
          further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the
          books, records and premises of the Company or the Guarantor, or both,
          personally or by agent or attorney;

               (g)     the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers
          hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or
          through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible
          for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney
          appointed with due care by it hereunder;

               (h)     the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken,
          suffered, or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and reasonably
          believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or
          powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

               (i)     the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of any
          default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities unless
          either (1) a Responsible Officer shall have actual knowledge of such
          default or Event of Default or (2) written notice of such default or
          Event of Default shall have been given to the Trustee by the Company
          or by any Holder of the Securities; and

               (j)     the permissive rights of the Trustee enumerated herein
          shall not be construed as duties.

Section 604.   NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES.

               The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the
Trustee's certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of
the Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be, and the Trustee or any
Authenticating Agent assumes no responsibility for their correctness. The
Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this
Indenture or of the Securities or the Guarantees. The Trustee or any
Authenticating Agent shall not be accountable for the use or application by the
Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

Section 605.   MAY HOLD SECURITIES.

               The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any
Security Registrar or any other agent of the Company or the Guarantor, in its
individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities
and, subject to Sections 608 and 613, may otherwise deal with the Company and
the Guarantor with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee,
Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other agent.

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Section 606.   MONEY HELD IN TRUST.

               Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee
shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder
except as otherwise agreed with the Company or the Guarantor, as the case may
be.

Section 607.   COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT.

               The Company and the Guarantor, joint and severally, agree

               (1)     to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable
          compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder (which
          compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to
          the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

               (2)     except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to
          reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses,
          disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in
          accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the
          reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its
          agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance
          as may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and

               (3)     to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless
          against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or
          bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection with the
          acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder,
          including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim
          or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of
          its powers or duties hereunder.

               When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in
connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 501(5) and 501(6), the
expenses (including the reasonable charges and expenses of its counsel) and the
compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of
administration under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, or other similar law.

               To secure the Company's and Guarantor's payment obligations in
this Section 607, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities on all
money or property held or collected by the Trustee, in its capacity as Trustee,
except money or property held in trust to pay principal of, premium, if any, and
interest on particular Securities.

               The provisions of this Section 607 shall survive the resignation
or removal of the Trustee and the termination of this Indenture.

Section 608.   DISQUALIFICATION; CONFLICTING INTERESTS.

               The Trustee for the Securities of any series issued hereunder
shall be subject to the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act
during the period of time provided for therein. In determining whether the
Trustee has a conflicting interest as defined in Section 310(b)

                                      -42-
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of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to the Securities of any series, there
shall be excluded this Indenture with respect to Securities of more than one
series.

Section 609.   CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY.

               There shall at all times be one (and only one) trustee hereunder
with respect to the Securities of each series, which may be the Trustee
hereunder for Securities of one or more other series, which shall be a
corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of
America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, authorized under such
laws (including the Trust Indenture Act) to exercise corporate trust powers,
having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. If such
corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or
to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then for the
purposes of this Section, and the extent permitted by the Trust Indenture Act,
the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its
combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition
so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in
the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

Section 610.   RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR.

               (a)     No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no
appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become
effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in
accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 611.

               (b)     The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the
Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company
and the Guarantor. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee
required by Section 611 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30
days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

               (c)     The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to
the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee
and to the Company.

               (d)     If at any time:

               (1)     the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 608 and
          shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company, by
          the Guarantor or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a
          Security for at least six months, or

               (2)     the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 609
          and shall fail to resign after written request thereof by the Company,
          the Guarantor or by any such Holder, or

               (3)     the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be
          adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of
          its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take
          charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the
          purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation,

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then, in any such case, (i) the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the
Trustee with respect to all securities, or (ii) subject to Section 514, any
Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months
may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court
of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all
Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

               (e)     If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become
incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for
any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by
a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with
respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any
such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or
more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee
with respect to the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with
the applicable requirements of Section 611. If, within one year after such
resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any Series shall be
appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring
Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance
of such appointment in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section
611, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series
and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If
no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any Series shall have
been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the
manner required by Section 611, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a
Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and
all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for
the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such
series.

               (f)     The Company shall give notice of each resignation and
each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and
each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any
series to all Holders of Securities of such series in the manner provided in
Section 106. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust
Office.

Section 611.   ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR.

               (a)     In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor
Trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so
appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company, to the
Guarantor and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment,
and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become
effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company, the Guarantor or
the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges,
execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the
rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder.

               (b)     In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the
Company, the Guarantor, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an
indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such
appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or

                                      -44-
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desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all
the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to
the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with
respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed
necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in
the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of
this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the
administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being
understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall
constitute such Trustees co- trustees of the same trust and that each such
Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from
any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon
the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or
removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided
therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of
the Company, the Guarantor or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall
duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and
money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of
that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

               (c)     Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company
and the Guarantor shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and
certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights,
powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) and (b) of this Section, as the
case may be.

               (d)     No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless
at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and
eligible under this Article.

Section 612.   MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS.

               Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted
or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any
merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or
any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust
business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder,
provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this
Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the
part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been
authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor
by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt
such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same
effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

Section 613.   PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY OR GUARANTOR.

               The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust
Indenture Act with respect to each series of Securities for which it is Trustee.

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Section 614.   APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT.

               At any time when any of the Securities remain Outstanding the
Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or
more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the
Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon exchange,
registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or pursuant to Section
306, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this
Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated
by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the
authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee's
certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include
authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent
and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the
Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business
under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the
District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent,
having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and subject
to supervision or examination by Federal or State authority. If such
Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant
to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then
for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such
Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as
set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately
in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

               Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged
or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or
corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an
Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible
under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further
act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

               An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written
notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Company and the Guarantor. The Trustee
may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving
written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Trustee. Upon
receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at
any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with
the provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor
Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give
notice of such appointment, to all Holders of Securities of the series with
respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve in the manner provided in
Section 106. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its
appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties
of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an
Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed
unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

               The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time
to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section.

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               If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made
pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed
thereon, in addition to the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an
alternate certificate of authentication in the following form:

               This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein
referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                                JPMORGAN CHASE BANK,
                                                as Trustee

                                                By
                                                  -----------------------
                                                  As Authenticating Agent

                                                By
                                                  -----------------------
                                                  Authorized Officer

                                 ARTICLE SEVEN

          Holders' Lists and Reports by Trustee, Company and Guarantor

Section 701.   COMPANY AND GUARANTOR TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF
               HOLDERS.

               The Company and the Guarantor will furnish or cause to be
furnished to the Trustee

               (a)     semi-annually, not later than June 30 and December 31 in
          each year, a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require,
          of the names and addresses of the Holders as of the preceding June 15
          or December 15, as the case may be, and

               (b)     at such other times as the Trustee may request in
          writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company or the
          Guarantor of any such request, a list of similar form and content as
          of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is
          furnished;

EXCLUDING from any such list names and addresses received by the Trustee in its
capacity as Security Registrar; provided that the Company and Guarantor shall
not be obligated to provide such a list of Holders at any time that such list
would not differ from the last such list provided by the Company and the
Guarantor to the Trustee under this Section 701.

Section 702.   PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS TO HOLDERS.

               (a)     The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is
reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most
recent list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 701 and the names
and addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security
Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in
Section 701 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

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               (b)     If three or more Holders (herein referred to as
"APPLICANTS") apply in writing to the Trustee, and furnish the Trustee
reasonable proof that each such applicant has owned a Security for a period of
at least six months preceding the date of such application, and such application
states that the applicants desire to communicate with the other Holders with
respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities and is
accompanied by a copy of the form of proxy or other communication which such
applicants propose to transmit, then the Trustee shall, within five business
days after the receipt of such application, at its election, either

               (i)     afford such applicants access to the information
          preserved at the time by the Trustee in accordance with Section
          702(a), or

               (ii)    inform such applicants as to the approximate number of
          Holders whose names and addresses appear in the information preserved
          at the time by the Trustee in accordance with Section 702(a), and as
          to the approximate cost of mailing to such Holders the form of proxy
          or other communication, if any, specified in such application.

               If the Trustee shall elect not to afford such applicants access
to such information, the Trustee shall, upon the written request of such
applicants, mail to each Holder whose name and address appear in the information
preserved at the time by the Trustee in accordance with Section 702(a) a copy of
the form of proxy or other communication which is specified in such request,
with reasonable promptness after a tender to the Trustee of the material to be
mailed and of payment, or provision for the payment, of the reasonable expenses
of mailing, unless within five days after such tender the Trustee shall mail to
such applicants and file with the Commission, together with a copy of the
material to be mailed, a written statement to the effect that, in the opinion of
the Trustee, such mailing would be contrary to the best interest of the Holders
or would be in violation of applicable law. Such written statement shall specify
the basis of such opinion. If the Commission, after opportunity for a hearing
upon the objections specified in the written statement so filed, shall enter an
order refusing to sustain any of such objections or if, after the entry of an
order sustaining one or more of such objections, the Commission shall find,
after notice and opportunity for hearing, that all the objections so sustained
have been met and shall enter an order so declaring, the Trustee shall mail
copies of such material to all such Holders with reasonable promptness after the
entry of such order and the renewal of such tender; otherwise the Trustee shall
be relieved of any obligation or duty to such applicants respecting their
application.

               (c)     Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the
same, agrees with the Company, the Guarantor and the Trustee that neither the
Company, the Guarantor nor the Trustee nor any agent of either of them shall be
held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the
names and addresses of the Holders in accordance with Section 702(b) regardless
of the source from which such information was derived, and that the Trustee
shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a
request made under Section 702(b).

Section 703.   REPORTS BY TRUSTEE.

               (a)     Within 60 days of each May 15, the Trustee shall transmit
to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this
Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act in the manner
provided pursuant thereto.

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               (b)     A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such
transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon
which the Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The
Company will notify the Trustee when the Securities are listed on any stock
exchange.

Section 704.   REPORTS BY THE COMPANY.

               The Company shall:

               (1)     file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company
          is required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual
          reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies
          of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from
          time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may
          be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or
          Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; or, if the Company is not required
          to file information, documents or reports pursuant to either of said
          Sections, then it shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, in
          accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by
          the Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information,
          documents and reports which may be required pursuant to Section 13 of
          the Exchange Act in respect of a security listed and registered on a
          national securities exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in
          such rules and regulations;

               (2)     file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance
          with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
          Commission, such additional information, documents and reports with
          respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants
          of this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules
          and regulations; and

               (3)     transmit by mail to all Holders, as their names and
          addresses appear in the Security Register, within 30 days after the
          filing thereof with the Trustee, such summaries of any information,
          documents and reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to
          paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Section as may be required by rules and
          regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission.

                                 ARTICLE EIGHT

              Consolidation, Merger, Conveyance, Transfer or Lease

Section 801.   COMPANY OR GUARANTOR MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN
               TERMS.

               Neither the Company nor the Guarantor shall consolidate with or
merge into any other Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and
assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, and neither the Company nor
the Guarantor shall permit any Person to consolidate with or merge into the
Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be, or convey, transfer or lease its
properties and assets substantially as an entirety to the Company or the
Guarantor, as the case may be, unless:

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               (1)     in case the Company or Guarantor shall consolidate with
          or merge into another Person or convey, transfer or lease its
          properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, the
          Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company or
          Guarantor, as the case may be, is merged or the Person which acquires
          by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the properties and assets
          of the Company or Guarantor, as the case may be, substantially as an
          entirety shall be a corporation, partnership or trust organized and
          existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State
          thereof or the District of Columbia or, in the case of the Guarantor,
          Bermuda, and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental
          hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to
          the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and
          premium, if any) and interest on all the Securities and the
          performance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the
          Company or Guarantor, as the case may be, to be performed or observed;

               (2)     immediately after giving effect to such transaction and
          treating any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company
          or Guarantor or a Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having
          been incurred by the Company or Guarantor or such Subsidiary at the
          time of such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which,
          after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an Event of
          Default, shall have happened and be continuing;

               (3)     if, as a result of any such consolidation or merger or
          such conveyance, transfer or lease, properties or assets of the
          Company or Guarantor, as the case may be, would become subject to a
          mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest or other encumbrance which
          would not be permitted by this Indenture, the Company or Guarantor or
          such successor corporation or Person, as the case may be, shall take
          such steps as shall be necessary effectively to secure the Securities
          equally and ratably with (or prior to) all indebtedness secured
          thereby; and

               (4)     the Company or Guarantor, as the case may be, has
          delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of
          Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance,
          transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required in
          connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply
          with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided
          for relating to such transaction have been complied with.

Section 802.   SUCCESSOR PERSON SUBSTITUTED.

               Upon any consolidation by the Company or the Guarantor, as the
case may be, with or merger by the Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be,
into any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties and
assets of the Company or Guarantor, as the case may be, substantially as an
entirety in accordance with Section 801, the successor Person formed by such
consolidation or into which the Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be, is
merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to,
and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of the Company or
Guarantor, as the case may be, under this Indenture with the same effect as if
such successor Person had been named as the Company or the Guarantor, as the
case may be, herein, and thereafter, except in the

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case of a lease, the predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations and
covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

                                  ARTICLE NINE

                             Supplemental Indentures

Section 901.   SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS.

               Without the consent of any Holders, the Company and the
Guarantor, when authorized by Board Resolutions, and the Trustee, at any time
and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental
hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

               (1)     to evidence the succession of another Person to the
          Company or the Guarantor and the assumption by any such successor of
          the covenants of the Company or the Guarantor herein and in the
          Securities or the Guarantees; or

               (2)     to add to the covenants of the Company or the Guarantor
          for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and
          if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of
          Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included
          solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or
          power herein conferred upon the Company or the Guarantor; or

               (3)     to add any additional Events of Default; or

               (4)     to add to or change any of the provisions of this
          Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate
          the issuance of Securities in bearer form, registerable or not
          registerable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons, or
          to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated
          form; or

               (5)     to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this
          Indenture, provided that any such change or elimination shall become
          effective only when there is no Security Outstanding of any series
          created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture which is
          entitled to the benefit of such provision; or

               (6)     to secure the Securities pursuant to the requirements of
          Section 1005 or otherwise; or

               (7)     to establish the form or terms of Securities of any
          series as permitted by Sections 201 and 301; or

               (8)     to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment
          hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one
          or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this
          Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the
          administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee,
          pursuant to the requirements of Section 611(b); or

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               (9)     to add to or change any of the provisions of this
          Indenture with respect to any Securities that by their terms may be
          converted into securities or other property other than Securities of
          the same series and of like tenor, in order to permit or facilitate
          the issuance, payment or conversion of such Securities; or

               (10)    to qualify or maintain qualification of this Indenture
          under the Trust Indenture Act; or

               (11)    to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any
          provision herein which may be inconsistent with any other provision
          herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or
          questions arising under this Indenture, PROVIDED such action shall not
          adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any
          series in any material respect.

Section 902.   SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS.

               With the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities affected by such supplemental indenture voting
together as a single class, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company, the
Guarantor and the Trustee, the Company and the Guarantor, when authorized by
Board Resolutions, and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in
any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of
modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series
under this Indenture; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such supplemental indenture
shall, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected
thereby,

               (1)     change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any
          installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce
          the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any
          premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of
          the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due
          and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof
          pursuant to Section 502, or change any Place of Payment where, or the
          coin or currency in which, any Security or any premium or the interest
          thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the
          enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity
          thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption
          Date), or

               (2)     reduce the percentage in principal amount of the
          Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is
          required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose
          Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain
          provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their
          consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or

               (3)     modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 513
          or Section 1007, except to increase any such percentage or to provide
          that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or
          waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security
          affected thereby, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that this clause shall not be
          deemed to require the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in
          the references to "the Trustee" and

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          concomitant changes in this Section and Section 1007, or the deletion
          of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of Sections
          611(b) and 901(8); or

               (4)     change in any manner adverse to the interests of the
          Holders of any Outstanding Securities the terms and conditions of the
          obligations of the Guarantor in respect of the due and punctual
          payment of the principal thereof (and premium, if any) and interest,
          if any, thereon (including any interest on overdue principal or
          overdue interest)or any sinking fund payments or any other payments
          due to the Holders provided in respect thereof.

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other
provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the
benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant
or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

               The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date
for the purpose of determining the Persons entitled to consent to any indenture
supplemental hereto. If a record date is fixed, the Holders on such record date,
or their duly designated proxies, and only such Persons, shall be entitled to
consent to such supplemental indenture, whether or not such Holders remain
Holders after such record date; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that unless such consent
shall have become effective by virtue of the requisite percentage having been
obtained prior to the date which is the ninetieth day after such record date,
any such consent previously given shall, automatically and without further
action by any Holder, be cancelled and of no further effect.

               It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this
Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture,
but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

Section 903.   EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

               In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any
supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of
the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, in
addition to the documents required by Section 102, an Opinion of Counsel stating
that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by
this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any
such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

Section 904.   EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

               Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this
Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such
supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and
every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered
hereunder shall be bound thereby.

Section 905.   CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

               Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article
shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

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Section 906.   REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

               Securities authenticated and delivered after the execution of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by
the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter
provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine,
new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the
Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and
executed by the Company, the Guarantees endorsed thereon may be executed by the
Guarantor and such Securities may be authenticated and delivered by the Trustee
in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

                                   ARTICLE TEN

                                    Covenants

Section 1001.  PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST.

               The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series
of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance
with the terms of the Securities and this Indenture.

Section 1002.  MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.

               The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series
of Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be
presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be
surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and
demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and
this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the
Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or
agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required
office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof,
such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the
Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the
Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and
demands.

               The Company may also from time to time designate one or more
other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be
presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time
rescind such designations; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such designation or
rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain
an office or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for
such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any
such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such
other office or agency.

Section 1003.  MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.

               If the Company or the Guarantor shall at any time act as its own
Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities, it will, on or before
each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any of
the Securities of that series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of
the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium,
if any) or interest so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such
Persons or otherwise

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disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its
action or failure so to act.

               Whenever the Company and the Guarantor shall have one or more
Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date
of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that
series, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and
premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for
the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and
(unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the
Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

               The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of
Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an
instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to
the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will:

               (1)     hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal
          of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series in
          trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums
          shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein
          provided;

               (2)     give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or
          any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making of
          any payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest on the
          Securities of that series; and

               (3)     at any time during the continuance of any such default,
          upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee
          all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

               The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or
such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee,
such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to
such money.

               Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then
held by the Company or the Guarantor, in trust for the payment of the principal
of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Security of any series and remaining
unclaimed for one year after such principal (and premium, if any) or interest
has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company or the Guarantor, as the
case may be, on Company Request or Guarantor Request, as the case may be, or (if
then held by the Company or the Guarantor) shall be discharged from such trust;
and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general
creditor, look only to the Company (or to the Guarantor pursuant to its
Guarantee) for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying
Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company or the
Guarantor as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease.

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Section 1004.  CORPORATE EXISTENCE.

               Subject to Article Eight, each of the Company and the Guarantor
will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full
force and effect its corporate existence and all licenses and permits material
to the normal conduct of its business; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that neither the
Company nor the Guarantor shall not be required to preserve any such right or
franchise if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation
thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and
the Guarantor, as the case may be, and that the loss thereof is not
disadvantageous in any material respect to the Holders.

Section 1005.  LIMITATION ON LIENS.

               The Company will not, and will not permit any Significant
Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, create, issue, assume, incur or guarantee
any indebtedness for money borrowed which is secured by a mortgage, pledge,
lien, security interest or other encumbrance of any nature on any of the Voting
Stock of a Significant Subsidiary unless the Outstanding Securities (together
with such other indebtedness of the Company or such Significant Subsidiary then
existing or thereafter created which is not subordinate to the Outstanding
Securities as the Company may elect) shall be secured equally and ratably with
(or prior to) such secured indebtedness for money borrowed so long as such
secured indebtedness for money borrowed shall be so secured. This Section shall
not prevent the sale or other disposition of a Significant Subsidiary.

               For purposes of this Section, "Voting Stock" means all classes of
stock (including any and all shares, interests, participations or other
equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock) then outstanding of a
Significant Subsidiary normally entitled to vote in elections of directors. For
purposes of this Section, "SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARY" means Platinum Underwriters
Reinsurance Inc. and any other Subsidiary the assets of which, determined as of
the last day of the most recent calendar quarter ended at least 30 days prior to
the date of such determination and in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles as in effect on the last day of such calendar quarter,
exceed 20% of the Consolidated Assets of the Company. For purposes of this
Section, "CONSOLIDATED ASSETS OF THE COMPANY" means the assets of the Company
and its consolidated subsidiaries, to be determined as of the last day of the
most recent calendar quarter ended at least 30 days prior to the date of such
determination and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as
in effect on the last day of such calendar quarter.

Section 1006.  STATEMENT BY OFFICERS AS TO DEFAULT.

               Each of the Company and the Guarantor will deliver to the
Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company and
the Guarantor, as the case may be, ending after the date hereof, an Officers'
Certificate, stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signers thereof
the Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be, is in default in the
performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of
Sections 1001 to 1006, inclusive, and if the Company or the Guarantor, as the
case may be, shall be in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature
and status thereof of which they may have knowledge.

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Section 1007.  WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS.

               The Company and the Guarantor may omit in any particular instance
to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth in Sections 1002 to
1005, inclusive, if before the time for such compliance the Holders of a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities shall, by Act of such
Holders, waive compliance in such instance with such term, provision or
condition. In the event that there shall be included in this Indenture any
covenant, other than a covenant to pay principal, premium (if any) and interest,
solely for the benefit of one or more, but less than all, series of Securities,
then, unless otherwise expressly provided with respect to such covenant, the
Company and the Guarantor may similarly omit in any particular instance to
comply with any term, provision or condition of such covenant if before the time
of such compliance the holders of a majority in principal amount of all
Outstanding Securities entitled to the benefit of such covenant, by Act of such
Holders, acting together as a single class, waive compliance in such instance
with such term, provision or condition. No such waiver contemplated by this
Section 1007 shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except
to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become
effective, the obligations of the Company and the Guarantor and the duties of
the Trustee in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in
full force and effect.

               The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date
for the purpose of determining the Persons entitled to waive any such term,
provision or condition. If a record date is fixed, the Holders on such record
date, or their duly designated proxies, and only such Persons, shall be entitled
to waive any such term, provision or condition hereunder, whether or not such
Holders remain Holders after such record date; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that unless
the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of (i) the Outstanding
Securities or (ii) the Outstanding Securities of such series, as the case may
be, shall have waived such term, provision or condition prior to the date which
is 90 days after such record date, any such waiver previously given shall
automatically and without further action by any Holder be cancelled and of no
further effect.

                                 ARTICLE ELEVEN

                            Redemption of Securities

Section 1101.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

               Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated
Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of any series)
in accordance with this Article.

Section 1102.  ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE.

               The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be
evidenced by a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of
the Company of less than all the Securities of any series, the Company shall, at
least 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a
shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such
Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be
redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of
any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or
elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company

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shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance
with such restriction.

Section 1103.  SELECTION BY TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED.

               If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed,
the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not less than 60 days
prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of
such series not previously called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee
shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for
redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized denomination for
Securities of that series or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal
amount of Securities of such series of a denomination larger than the minimum
authorized denomination for Securities of that series.

               The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the
Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected
for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

               For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise
requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate,
in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the
portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be
redeemed.

Section 1104.  NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

               Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage
prepaid, mailed not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption
Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at his address appearing in
the Security Register.

               All notices of redemption shall state:

               (1)     the Redemption Date,

               (2)     the Redemption Price,

               (3)     if less than all the outstanding Securities of any series
          are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial
          redemption, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be
          redeemed,

               (4)     that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will
          become due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if
          applicable, that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after
          said date,

               (5)     the place or places where such Securities are to be
          surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price, and

               (6)     that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the
          case.

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               Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election
of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by
the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.

Section 1105.  DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE.

               On or prior to any 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on Redemption
Date, the Company or the Guarantor shall deposit with the Trustee or with a
Paying Agent (or, if the Company or the Guarantor is acting as its own Paying
Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of
money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption
Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities
which are to be redeemed on that date.

Section 1106.  SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE.

               Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the
Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and
payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date
(unless the Company and the Guarantor shall default in the payment of the
Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Securities shall cease to bear
interest. Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with
said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company or the Guarantor at the
Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the Redemption Date;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or
prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities,
or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of
business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the
provisions of Section 307.

               If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall,
until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed
therefor in the Security.

Section 1107.  SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART.

               Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be
surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company, the Guarantor
or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of
transfer in form satisfactory to the Company, the Guarantor and the Trustee duly
executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and
the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the
Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities of
the same series and of like tenor, of any authorized denomination as requested
by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the
unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered having
endorsed thereon a Guarantee or Guarantees executed by the Guarantor.

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                                 ARTICLE TWELVE

                                  Sinking Funds

Section 1201.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

               The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking
fund for the retirement of Securities of a series except as otherwise specified
as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of such series.

               The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by
the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "MANDATORY
SINKING FUND PAYMENT", and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided
for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an
"OPTIONAL SINKING FUND PAYMENT". If provided for by the terms of Securities of
any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to
reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment shall be
applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the
terms of Securities of such series.

Section 1202.  SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES.

               The Company or the Guarantor (1) may deliver Outstanding
Securities of a series (other than any previously called for redemption) and (2)
may apply as a credit Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at
the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through
the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the
terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any
sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to
be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of
such series; PROVIDED that such Securities have not been previously so credited.
Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee
at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through
operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall
be reduced accordingly.

Section 1203.  REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND.

               Not less than 90 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for
any series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for
that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any,
which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any,
which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series
pursuant to Section 1202 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to
be so delivered. Not less than 60 days before each such sinking fund payment
date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking
fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and cause notice of
the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the
Company in the manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice having been duly
given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the
manner stated in Sections 1106 and 1107.

                                      -60-
<Page>

                                ARTICLE THIRTEEN

                                   Guarantees

Section 1301.  GUARANTEE.

               The Guarantor hereby absolutely, fully and unconditionally and
irrevocably guarantees to each Holder of a Security authenticated and delivered
by the Trustee, and to the Trustee on behalf of each such Holder, (a) the due
and punctual payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any,
on each such Security and the due and punctual payment of any sinking fund
payments provided for pursuant to the terms of such Security when and as the
same shall become due and payable, whether at the Stated Maturity, by
declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise, (b) the due and
punctual payment of interest on overdue principal of and interest on each such
Security, if any, if lawful, and (c) the due and punctual payment of any and all
other payments due to the Holder of each such Security all in accordance with
the terms of such Security and of this Indenture. In case of the failure of the
Company punctually to make any such payment of principal (or premium, if any) or
interest, if any, or sinking fund payment, the Guarantor hereby agrees to cause
any such payment to be made punctually when and as the same shall become due and
payable, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call
for redemption or otherwise, and as if such payment were made by the Company.

               The Guarantor hereby agrees that its obligations hereunder are a
guaranty of payment and not a guaranty of collection or performance and shall be
unconditional and absolute, irrespective of the validity, regularity or
enforceability of such Security or this Indenture or any limitation of the
Company thereunder or any limitations on the method or terms of payment
thereunder which may now or hereafter be caused or imposed in any manner
whatsoever, the absence of any action to enforce the same, any waiver or consent
by the Holder of such Security or by the Trustee with respect to any provisions
thereof or of this Indenture, the obtaining of any judgment against the Company
or any action to enforce the same or any other circumstances which might
otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of a guarantor.
The Guarantor hereby waives the benefits of division and discussion, diligence,
presentment, demand of payment, filing of claims with a court in the event of
insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company, any right to require a proceeding first
against the Company, protest or notice with respect of such Security or the
indebtedness evidenced thereby or with respect to any sinking fund payment
required pursuant to the terms of such Security and all demands whatsoever, and
covenants that this Guarantee will not be discharged except by complete
performance of the obligations contained in the Securities and in the
Guarantees.

               Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Guarantor
hereby agrees that the obligations of the Guarantor hereunder shall not be
released, affected or impaired by assignment or transfer in whole or in part of
such Security whether or not made without notice to or the consent of the
Guarantor and shall not be subject to any reduction, limitation, impairment or
termination for any reason, including any claim of waiver, release, surrender,
alteration or compromise, and shall not be subject to any defense of, including,
but not limited to, setoff, counterclaim, recoupment or termination whatsoever,
and that such obligations shall not be released, affected or impaired regardless
of whether or not any Holder or such Security, or anyone on behalf of any such
Holder shall have instituted any suit, action or proceeding or exhausted its
remedies or taken any steps to enforce any rights against the Company or any
other person to compel any such performance or observance or to collect all or
part of any such

                                      -61-
<Page>

amount, either pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture or such Security or
at law or in equity, and regardless of any other condition or contingency, or by
reason of the invalidity, illegality or unenforceability of such Security or
this Indenture or otherwise and that such obligations shall not be discharged or
impaired or otherwise affected by the failure of the Trustee or any Holder of
such Security to assert any claim or demand or to enforce any remedy under this
Indenture or such Security, any other guarantee or any other agreement, by any
waiver, amendment, indulgence or modification (whether material or otherwise) of
any provision of any thereof, by any default, failure or delay, willful or
otherwise, in the performance of any obligations under this Indenture, such
Security or this Guarantee, or by the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, sale
or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or
the Guarantor, or any receivership, insolvency, bankruptcy, reorganization, or
other similar proceedings, affecting the Company or any of its assets, or the
release of any property from the lien and security interest created by this
Indenture or such Security or of any other security for such Security, or the
release or discharge of the Company or the Guarantor from the performance or
observance of any agreement, covenant, term or condition contained in this
Indenture or such Security by operation of law, or the merger or consolidation
of the Company or the Guarantor, or any other cause, whether similar or
dissimilar to the foregoing, or by any other act or omission that may or might
in any manner or to any extent vary the risk or obligations of the Guarantor or
that would otherwise operate as a discharge of a surety or guarantor as a matter
of law or equity (other than the performance of the obligations contained in
such Security and in this Guarantee).

               If the Trustee or the Holder of any Security is required by any
court or otherwise to return to the Company or the Guarantor, or any custodian,
receiver, liquidator, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official acting in
relation to the Company or the Guarantor, any amount paid to the Trustee or such
Holder in respect of a Security, this Guarantee, to the extent theretofore
discharged, shall be reinstated in full force and effect. The Guarantor further
agrees, to the fullest extent that it lawfully may do so, that, as between the
Guarantor, on the one hand, and the Holders and the Trustee, on the other hand,
the maturity of the obligations guaranteed hereby may be accelerated as provided
in Article Five hereof for the purposes of this Guarantee, notwithstanding any
stay, injunction or other prohibition extant under any applicable bankruptcy law
preventing such acceleration in respect of the obligations guaranteed hereby.

               The Guarantor shall be subrogated to all rights of the Holders of
the Securities of a particular series against the Company in respect of any
amounts paid by the Guarantor on account of the Securities of such Series
pursuant to the provisions of the Guarantees of this Indenture; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that the Guarantor shall not be entitled to enforce or to receive any
payments arising out of, or based upon, such right of subrogation until the
principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on all Securities of
such series issued hereunder shall have been paid in full.

Section 1302.  EXECUTION AND DELIVERY OF GUARANTEES.

               To evidence its guarantee provided in Section 1301, the Guarantor
hereby agrees to execute the Guarantees, in a form established pursuant to
Section 201, to be endorsed on each Security authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee. Each such Guarantee shall be executed on behalf of the Guarantor by its
Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President or one of its Vice
Presidents or its Treasurer under a facsimile of its corporate seal reproduced
thereon and attested by its Secretary or one of its Deputy Secretaries. The
signature of any of these officers on the Guarantees may be manual or facsimile.

                                      -62-
<Page>

               Guarantees bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of
individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Guarantor shall bind
the Guarantor, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased
to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of the Securities
upon which such Guarantees are endorsed or did not hold such offices at the date
of such Securities.

               The delivery of any Security by the Trustee, after the
authentication thereof hereunder, shall constitute due delivery of the Guarantee
endorsed thereon on behalf of the Guarantor. The Guarantor hereby agrees that
its Guarantee set forth in Section 1301 shall remain in full force and effect
notwithstanding any failure to endorse on each Security a notation of such
Guarantee.

                                ARTICLE FOURTEEN

                       Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

Section 1401.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE; COMPANY'S OPTION TO EFFECT DEFEASANCE
               OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

               If pursuant to Section 301 provision is made for either or both
of (a) defeasance of the Securities of a series under Section 1402 or (b)
covenant defeasance of the Securities of a series under Section 1303, then the
provisions of such Section or Sections, as the case may be, together with the
other provisions of this Article Fourteen, shall be applicable to the Securities
of such series, and the Company may at its option by Board Resolution, at any
time, with respect to the Securities of such series, elect to have either
Section 1402 (if applicable) or Section 1403 (if applicable) be applied to the
Outstanding Securities of such series upon compliance with the conditions set
forth below in this Article Fourteen.

Section 1402.  DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE.

               Upon the Company's exercise of the above option applicable to
this Section, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its
obligations with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series on and
after the date the conditions precedent set forth below are satisfied
(hereinafter, "DEFEASANCE"). For this purpose, such defeasance means that the
Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness
represented by the Outstanding Securities of such series and to have satisfied
all its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as
such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company,
shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the
following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged
hereunder: (A) the rights of Holders of Outstanding Securities of such series to
receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 1404 as more fully set
forth in such Section, payments of the principal of (and premium, if any) and
interest on such Securities when such payments are due, (B) the Company's
obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 304, 305, 306, 1002
and 1003 and such obligations as shall be ancillary thereto, (C) the rights,
powers, trusts, duties, immunities and other provisions in respect of the
Trustee hereunder and (D) this Article Fourteen. Subject to compliance with this
Article Fourteen, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 1402
notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 1403 with respect
to the Securities of such series. Following a defeasance, payment of the
Securities of such series may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default.

                                      -63-
<Page>

Section 1403.  COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

               Upon the Company's exercise of the above option applicable to
this Section, the Company shall be released from its obligations under (i)
Section 1005, (ii) the occurrence of an event specified in Section 501(4) (with
respect to Section 1005) shall not be deemed an Event of Default and (iii) any
other section, clause or provision applicable to such Securities that are
determined pursuant to Section 301 to be subject to this provision with respect
to the Outstanding Securities of such series on and after the date the
conditions precedent set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, "COVENANT
DEFEASANCE"). For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with
respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series, the Company may omit to
comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or
limitation set forth in any such Section or Clause whether directly or
indirectly by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or
Clause or by reason of any reference in any such Section or Clause to any other
provision herein or in any other document, but the remainder of this Indenture
and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby. Following a covenant
defeasance, payment of the Securities of such series may not be accelerated
because of or by reference to the Sections specified above in this Section 1403.

Section 1404.  CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

               The following shall be the conditions precedent to application of
either Section 1402 or Section 1403 to the Outstanding Securities of such
series:

               (1)     the Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to
          be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the
          requirements of Section 609 who shall agree to comply with the
          provisions of this Article Thirteen applicable to it) as trust funds
          in trust for the purpose of making the following payments,
          specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the
          benefit of the Holders of such Securities, (A) money in an amount, or
          (B) U.S. Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of
          principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their
          terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any
          payment, money in an amount, or (C) a combination thereof, sufficient,
          without reinvestment, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm
          of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification
          thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which
          shall be applied by the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay
          and discharge, (i) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest
          on the Outstanding Securities of such series to maturity or
          redemption, as the case may be, and (ii) any mandatory sinking fund
          payments or analogous payments applicable to the Outstanding
          Securities of such series on the due dates thereof. Before such a
          deposit the Company may make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
          for the redemption of Securities at a future date or dates in
          accordance with Article Eleven, which shall be given effect in
          applying the foregoing. For this purpose, "U.S. GOVERNMENT
          OBLIGATIONS" means securities that are (x) direct obligations of the
          United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and
          credit is pledged or (y) obligations of a Person controlled or
          supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United
          States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed
          as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America,
          which, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of
          the issuer thereof, and shall also include a

                                      -64-
<Page>

          depository receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of
          the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) as custodian with respect to
          any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of principal
          of or interest on any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such
          custodian for the account of the holder of such depository receipt,
          provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not
          authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder
          of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian
          in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment
          of principal of or interest on the U.S. Government Obligation
          evidenced by such depository receipt.

               (2)     No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse
          of time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to the
          Securities of such series shall have occurred and be continuing (A) on
          the date of such deposit or (B) insofar as subsections 501(5) and (6)
          are concerned, at any time during the period ending on the 121st day
          after the date of such deposit or, if longer, ending on the day
          following the expiration of the longest preference period applicable
          to the Company in respect of such deposit (it being understood that
          the condition in this clause (B) is a condition subsequent and shall
          not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

               (3)     Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not (A)
          cause the Trustee for the Securities of such series to have a
          conflicting interest as defined in 0 or for purposes of the Trust
          Indenture Act with respect to any securities of the Company or (B)
          result in the trust arising from such deposit to constitute, unless it
          is qualified as, a regulated investment company under the Investment
          Company Act of 1940, as amended.

               (4)     Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result
          in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this
          Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is
          a party or by which it is bound.

               (5)     In the case of an election under Section 1402, the
          Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel
          stating that (x) the Company has received from, or there has been
          published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (y) since the
          date of this Indenture there has been a change in the applicable
          Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based
          thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of the
          Outstanding Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain
          or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance
          and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the
          same manner and at the same time as would have been the case if such
          defeasance had not occurred.

               (6)     In the case of an election under Section 1403, the
          Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to
          the effect that the Holders of the Outstanding Securities of such
          series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax
          purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject
          to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the

                                      -65-
<Page>

          same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such
          covenant defeasance had not occurred.

               (7)     Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected
          in compliance with any additional terms, conditions or limitations
          which may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith pursuant
          to Section 301.

               (8)     The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
          Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
          conditions precedent provided for relating to either the defeasance
          under Section 1402 or the covenant defeasance under Section 1403 (as
          the case may be) have been complied with.

Section 1405.  DEPOSITED MONEY AND U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN
               TRUST; OTHER MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

               Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003,
all money and U.S. Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof)
deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee -- collectively, for
purposes of this Section 1405, the "TRUSTEE") pursuant to Section 1404 in
respect of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall be held in trust and
applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and
this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (but
not including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Holders of such Securities, of all sums due and to become due
thereon in respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest, but such
money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by
law.

               The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax,
fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the money or U.S. Government
Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 1404 or the principal and interest
received in respect thereof.

               Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee
shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any
money or U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section 1404
which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public
accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the
Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be
deposited to effect an equivalent defeasance or covenant defeasance.

Section 1406.  REINSTATEMENT.

               If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money
in accordance with Section 1402 or 1403 by reason of any order or judgment or
any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise
prohibiting such application, then the Company's obligations under the
Securities of such series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit
had occurred pursuant to this Article Fourteen until such time as the Trustee or
Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section
1402 or 1403; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the Company makes any payment of
principal of (and premium, if any) any such Security following the reinstatement
of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders
of such Securities to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or
the Paying Agent.

                                      -66-
<Page>

               This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts,
each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such
counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

                                      -67-
<Page>

               IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture
to be duly executed, all as of the day and year first above written.

                                        PLATINUM UNDERWRITERS FINANCE, INC.,
                                           as Issuer

                                        By:/s/ Jerome T. Fadden
                                           ----------------------------------
                                           Name:  Jerome T. Fadden
                                           Title: President and Chief
                                                  Executive Officer

                                        PLATINUM UNDERWRITERS HOLDINGS, LTD.,
                                           as Guarantor

                                        By:/s/ Jerome T. Fadden
                                           ----------------------------------
                                           Name:  Jerome T. Fadden
                                           Title: President and Chief
                                                  Executive Officer

                                        JPMORGAN CHASE BANK,
                                           as Trustee

                                        By:/s/ Joanne Adamis
                                           ----------------------------------
                                           Name:  Joanne Adamis
                                           Title: Vice PresidentQuickLinks
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EXHIBIT 10.10 AO  

 
 

DEBT CONVERSION AGREEMENT    
  

        THIS DEBT CONVERSION AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") is made and entered into effective as of the 21st day of October, 2002, by and between ANTHONY M. FRANK KEOGH
PLAN UTA CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC. (hereinafter referred to as "Buyer") and ELECTROPURE, INC., a California corporation (hereinafter referred to as "Electropure" or the
"Company"). 

R E C I T A L S  

        WHEREAS, Buyer loaned the Company One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) under the terms of that certain 8% Three-Year Convertible Term Note dated
January 17, 2001 (the "Term Note"). 

        WHEREAS,
on or about September 16, 2002, the Company repaid Four Hundred Thousand Dollars ($400,000) of the principal balance due on said Term Note to Buyer and issued an 8%
Convertible Term Note to Buyer for the remaining principal sum of Six Hundred Thousand Dollars ($600,000). 

        WHEREAS,
as of September 30, 2002, a total of $18,755.56 in interest accrued on the above loan is due and payable to Buyer by the Company. 

        WHEREAS,
Buyer wishes to convert all of the interest accrued on the Term Note through September 30, 2002 into shares of Electropure, Inc. Common Stock and the Company
wishes to issue such shares to extinguish the debt owed Buyer. 

        NOW,
THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and of the mutual obligations herein contained, it is agreed as follows: 

        1.    CONVERSION    

        (a)  On
the effective date set forth above, Buyer hereby converts all of the $18,755.56 in interest accrued on the Term Note into Shares of Electropure, Inc. Common
Stock, $0.01 par value, at an effective conversion rate of $0.33 per share, for a total of 56,835 Shares (the "Shares"). 

        (b)  The
Shares shall have the rights, preferences, privileges, restrictions and other terms set forth in the By-laws of the Company. 

        (c)  Upon
conversion hereby and pursuant to the Debt Conversion Agreements entered into on November 1, 2001, January 2, 2002, April 3, 2002, and
July 5, 2002, whereby a total of $116,444.44 in interest accrued on said loan was converted to an aggregate of 310,477 shares of Common Stock, Buyer acknowledges that all interest accrued and
due through September 30, 2002 pursuant to the terms of the 8% Three-Year Convertible Term Note and the 8% Convertible Term Note entered into between the parties on
January 17, 2001 and September 16, 2002, respectively, (the "Notes") has been satisfied in full by the Company. Buyer also acknowledges that pursuant to these Debt Conversion Agreements
any default by Electropure for failure to pay interest due on the Notes through September 30, 2002 has been cured. 

        2.    REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BUYER    Buyer represents and warrants to the Company: 

        (a)  The
Shares are being acquired by Buyer for investment for an indefinite period, for Buyer's own account, not as a nominee or agent, and not with a view to the sale or
distribution of any part thereof, and the Buyer has no present intention of selling, granting participations in, or otherwise distributing the same except as may be permitted by the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the "Act"). 

 

        (b)  Buyer
does not have any contract, undertaking, agreement or arrangement with any person to sell, transfer, or grant participation to such person or to any third person,
with respect to the Shares. 

        (c)  That
Buyer understands that the Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), in reliance upon the exemptions from the
registration provisions of the Act contained in Section 4 (2) thereof, and any continued reliance on such exemption is predicated on the representations of the Buyer set forth herein. 

        (d)  Buyer
understands that the Shares must be held indefinitely unless the sale or other transfer thereof is subsequently registered under the Act, as amended, or an
exemption from such registration is available. Buyer further understands that the Company is under no obligation to register the Securities on its behalf or to assist him in complying with any
exemption from registration except as otherwise provided herein. 

        (e)  Buyer
(i) has adequate means of providing for his current needs and possible contingencies, (ii) has no need for liquidity in this investment,
(iii) is able to bear the substantial economic risks of an investment in the Shares for an indefinite period, (iv) at the present time, can afford a complete loss of such investment, and
(v) does not have an overall commitment to investments which are not readily marketable that is disproportionate to Buyer's net worth, and Buyer's investment in the Shares will not cause such
overall commitment to become excessive. 

        (f)    Buyer
is an "accredited investor" (as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Act) and the undersigned's
total investment in the Shares does not exceed 10% of the Buyer's net worth. 

        (g)  Buyer
recognizes that the Company has had only limited revenues to date and that the Shares as an investment involve significant risks. 

        (h)  Buyer
will not transfer the Shares without registering them under applicable federal and state securities laws unless the transfer is exempt from registration. Buyer
realizes that the Company may not allow a transfer of Shares unless the transferee is also an "accredited investor". Buyer understands that legends will be placed on certificates representing the
Shares, with respect to the above restrictions on resale or other disposition of the Shares and that stop transfer instructions have or will be placed with respect to the Shares so as to restrict the
assignment, resale or other disposition thereof. 

        (i)    The
Company will direct its transfer agent to, or will itself, place such a stop transfer order in its books respecting transfer of the Shares, and the certificate or
certificates representing the Shares will bear the following legend or a legend substantially similar thereto: 

"THESE SHARES HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933. THEY MAY NOT BE SOLD OR OFFERED FOR SALE IN THE ABSENCE OF: (1) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION
STATEMENT AS TO THE SECURITIES UNDER THE ACT, OR (2) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED."

        (j)    That
Buyer understands that Rule 144, promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Act, may not be currently available for sale of the Shares,
and there is no assurance that it will be available at any particular time in the future. If and when Rule 144 is available for sale of the Common Stock underlying the Shares, such sales in
reliance upon Rule 144 may only be (i) in limited quantities after the Shares have been held for one (1) year after being sold by the Company, or (ii) in unlimited
quantities by non-affiliates after the Shares have been held for two (2) years after being sold by the Company, in each case in accordance with the conditions of the Rule, all of
which must be met (including the requirement, if applicable, that 

2

 

adequate information concerning the Company is then available to the public). The Company and Buyer acknowledges that the Company has no obligation to
supply the information required for sales under Rule 144. 

        (k)  The
Purchase Price to be paid by Buyer to Company for the Shares has been determined by Buyer as fair and appropriate based solely upon Buyer's independent investigation
and due diligence of the Company, and neither Buyer nor the Company nor any of their agents, including, without limitation, any of their officers, directors, employees, accountants and attorneys, has
made any representations or warranties whatsoever in connection with the sale of the Shares by the Company to Buyer. Buyer has had sufficient opportunity in connection with the sale of the Shares to
review the Company's business and affairs (including, without limitation, the Company's financial statements and other information). The Buyer has had answered to his satisfaction any questions with
respect to the Company's business and affairs. Buyer further has had the opportunity to obtain independent financial, legal, accounting, business, tax and other appropriate advice with respect to the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and is not relying upon the Company or any of its agents in any manner in connection with same. 

        3.    REGISTRATION RIGHTS    The Company agrees to include for registration under the Act all of the Shares issued
hereby in the next Registration Statement filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 

        4.    REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF ELECTROPURE    

        (a)  Electropure
is a corporation duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the State of California without limit as to duration of its existence, and is
authorized and in good standing to do business in no other state; Electropure has the corporate power and adequate authority, rights and franchise to own its property and to carry on its business as
now conducted; and, subject to ratification
by its Board of Directors, Electropure has the corporate power and adequate authority to enter into this Agreement. 

        (b)  The
execution and delivery of this Agreement and subject to (1) ratification by the Board of Directors of the Company and (2) filing the Certificate with
the California Secretary of State, the performance of the provisions of this Agreement are not in contravention of or in conflict with any law or regulation or any term or provision of Electropure's
Articles of Incorporation or By-Laws and are duly authorized and do not require the consent or approval of any governmental body or other regulatory authority; and this Agreement is a
valid, binding and legal obligation of Electropure, enforceable in accordance with the terms herein. 

        5.    ENTIRE AGREEMENT    This Agreement embodies the entire agreement and understanding between the parties hereto
with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and understandings relating to such subject matter. 

        6.    AMENDMENT    This Agreement may not be amended except by written document executed by the parties. 

        7.    SUBJECT HEADINGS    Subject headings are included for convenience only and shall not be deemed part of this
Agreement. 

        8.    SEVERABILITY    If any provision of this Agreement shall be held unenforceable as applied to any circumstance,
the remainder of this Agreement and the application of such provision to other circumstances shall be interpreted so as best to effect the intent of the parties. The parties further agree to replace
any such unenforceable provision with an enforceable provision (and to take such other action) which will achieve, to the extent possible, the purposes of the unenforceable provision. 

        9.    GOVERNING LAW    This Agreement shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the State of California in
force from time to time. 

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        10.    PARTIES BOUND    This Agreement is binding on and shall inure to the benefit of the parties and their
respective successors, assign, heirs, and legal representatives. 

        11.    SURVIVAL    The representations, warranties, covenants, and agreements contained in this Agreement shall
survive the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. 

        12.    COUNTERPARTS    This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an
original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. 

        IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement effective as of the date first above written. 

	COMPANY:	 	BUYER:
	

ELECTROPURE, INC.	
 	

ANTHONY M. FRANK KEOGH PLAN

UTA CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC.
	

/s/  CATHERINE PATTERSON      
 Catherine Patterson, Chief Financial Officer

23456 South Pointe Drive

Laguna Hills, CA 92653-1512	
 	

/s/  ANTHONY M. FRANK      
 Anthony M. Frank, Trustee

101 Montgomery Street

San Francisco, CA 94104

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QuickLinks

DEBT CONVERSION AGREEMENT

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