Document:

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 10.1

                                [LOGO OF OPENTV]

                OPENTV DELIVERS 51 PERCENT REVENUE GROWTH IN 2001

 .       Application-Related Revenue Increased more than 1,200% in 2001

 .       Pro-Forma Net Loss Declined 62% to $2.5 million from $6.7 million in
        Prior Quarter

 .       Fourth Consecutive Quarter of Core Platform Profitability

 .       Over 4 million Set-Top Box Deployments in the U.S. via EchoStar

 .       50 Network Operators Worldwide, 12 New Network Operators Added in 2001

 .       1.4 billion iTV Games Played through Static's PlayJam

 .       New Strategy of Combining Technology and Content Brings Results through
        Important Deals with AT&T HITS and Jupiter's J-COM Broadband

MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. - Jan. 24, 2002 - OpenTV (NASDAQ National Market and
Euronext Amsterdam: OPTV), the world's leading interactive television company,
today announces its financial results for the year and quarter ended December
31, 2001.

James Ackerman, CEO of OpenTV, said, "This year OpenTV evolved from a pure
technology company to an integrated iTV business able to bundle content,
applications and middleware for our clients. With more than 20 million set-top
boxes deployed worldwide, we have a strong foundation that provides the
opportunity to create both new and recurring revenue streams from our existing
customer base. We believe that the combination of recurring revenue growth,
solid core platform profitability, and a strong cash position provides the
Company with a distinct competitive advantage in the iTV market."

<PAGE>

4Q 2001 Financial Results
Page 2

Financial Highlights
--------------------

For the year ended December 31, 2001, OpenTV's revenues increased 51% to $95.3
million compared to $63.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2000. Results
include the impact of OpenTV's acquisitions of Static and Spyglass, which closed
on July 2, 2001 and July 24, 2000, respectively.

The Company's pro-forma/1/ operating expenses for the year ended December 31,
2001 totaled $131.3 million compared to $86.7 million for the year ended
December 31, 2000.

OpenTV's pro-forma net loss was $25.3 million, or $0.37 per share, for the year
ended December 31, 2001 compared to a pro-forma net loss of $11.4 million, or
$0.22 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2000. On a reported basis, the
Company's net loss for the year ended December 31, 2001 was $484.3 million, or
$7.13 per share, compared to a reported net loss of $240.8 million, or $4.61 per
share, for the year ended December 31, 2000.

For the quarter ended December 31, 2001, OpenTV's revenues were $25.1 million
compared to $22.3 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2000.

The Company's pro-forma operating expenses for the quarter ended December 31,
2001 totaled $29.8 million compared to $28.1 million for the quarter ended
December 31, 2000.

OpenTV's pro-forma net loss was $2.5 million, or $0.04 per share, for the
quarter ended December 31, 2001 compared to a pro-forma net loss of $2.4
million, or $0.04 per share, for the quarter ended December 31, 2000. On a
reported basis, the Company's net loss for the quarter ended December 31, 2001
was $114.7 million, or $1.62 per share, compared to a reported net loss of
$118.8 million, or $1.92 per share, for the quarter ended December 31, 2000.

As of December 31, 2001, OpenTV had cash, cash equivalents and marketable debt
securities of $189.5 million compared to $195.1 million as of September 30, 2001
and $225.0 million as of December 31, 2000.

-----------------------------------
/1/ Pro-forma: operating expenses, operating profit/loss, net loss, and net loss
per share calculations for all periods exclude: amortization of
acquisition-related intangibles, amortization of goodwill, amortization of
share-based compensation, non-cash warrant expenses, acquisition-related
expenses, losses on the sale or write-down of equity investments, write-offs of
notes receivable from privately-held entities, a non-recurring research and
development fee incurred during 2000, and income tax expense/benefit.

<PAGE>

4Q 2001 Financial Results
Page 3

Core Platform Highlights
------------------------

For the year ended December 31, 2001, OpenTV reported core platform revenues
totaling $85.2 million and a pro-forma operating profit of $11.4 million. For
the quarter ended December 31, 2001, the Company reported core platform revenues
totaling $20.8 million and a pro-forma operating profit of $3.9 million. This
was OpenTV's fourth consecutive quarter of core platform operating
profitability. Highlights for the quarter include:

         OpenTV announced it has surpassed 4 million set-top box middleware
         deployments in the U.S. in 2001 on the EchoStar DISH Network,
         demonstrating OpenTV's leading position in the U.S. interactive
         television market and providing the Company with the opportunity to
         capture significant application-related revenues.

         The Company met its goal of announcing 12 new network operator
         customers in 2001. In the fourth quarter, OpenTV increased its
         market-leading network operator customer base to 50, adding Jupiter's
         J-COM Broadband and AlphaTV's Alpha Digital. J-COM Broadband is Japan's
         largest cable MSO with approximately 10 million homes passed and
         approximately 1.1 million subscribers. Greece's newest satellite
         network operator, AlphaTV, announced that it intends to deploy OpenTV's
         core platform technologies as part of its new Alpha Digital television
         service.

         OpenTV announced a multi-year agreement with AT&T's Headend In The Sky
         (HITS) to deliver an interactive television solution that can be
         accessed by 275 HITS-affiliated cable operators. OpenTV will bundle its
         middleware with interactive content from its subsidiary, Static,
         including the PlayJam entertainment and games channel.

         OpenTV made further gains in the global high-end set-top box markets.
         In Asia, Matsushita and OpenTV announced plans to integrate Device
         Mosaic with Matsushita's technology for BML - the standard mark-up
         language for Japan's digital broadcast industry - for set-top boxes in
         Japan. In Europe, Pace announced it will port OpenTV's integrated
         EN2/Device Mosaic solution to its high-end Di4000 set-top box for the
         European cable market.

<PAGE>

4Q 2001 Financial Results
Page 4

Applications Platform Highlights
--------------------------------
For the year ended December 31, 2001, OpenTV reported a 1,233% increase in
applications platform revenues to $10.1 million and a pro-forma operating loss
of $47.4 million. For the quarter ended December 31, 2001, the Company reported
applications platform revenues totaling $4.3 million and a pro-forma operating
loss of $8.6 million. The pro-forma operating loss in both the fourth quarter
and the year reflects OpenTV's continuing significant investment in growing its
applications business. OpenTV generated over ten percent of its 2001 revenue
through its applications-related business activities, exceeding the Company's
goal of between five and ten percent for the year. Highlights for the quarter
include:

         Static's PlayJam, which is distributed by BSkyB, ntl and Telewest in
         the U.K., TPS and Canal Satellite in France, and Cablevision in the
         U.S., has seen 1.4 billion games played in its first year, generating
         income from advertising, pay-to-play and sponsorships.

         EchoStar announced plans to launch "dish home" - an OpenTV
         middleware-enabled interactive television portal that includes
         applications developed by OpenTV and by third-party OpenTV application
         developers.

         Static launched its second interactive entertainment channel, YO-YO",
         on BSkyB in the U.K. Aimed at the 18-34 year-old demographic, YO-YO" is
         the world's first real-time voice-to-television virtual flirting
         service. Designed to generate income via subscriptions and pay-to-play,
         YO-YO" combines iTV and mobile telephony to enable individuals to
         interact with each other through their televisions.

Restructuring Initiatives
-------------------------
OpenTV announces today that it intends to undertake various restructuring
initiatives during 2002 designed to enhance the Company's future operating
performance. As a result of the restructuring, OpenTV anticipates charges of
approximately $9.1 million during the first quarter of 2002 attributable
primarily to the consolidation of operating facilities and the elimination of 57
full-time positions.

The Company's fourth quarter 2001 financial results conference call will be
Webcast live on the Investor Relations section of http://www.opentv.com at
2:00PM PST on Thursday, January 24, 2002, and will be available there through
3:00PM PST on Friday, February 1, 2002.

<PAGE>

4Q 2001 Financial Results
Page 5

About OpenTV
------------

OpenTV is the world's leading interactive television company. It provides a
broad range of interactive TV solutions including operating middleware, content
applications, content creation tools, professional support services, and
strategic consulting. OpenTV's software can operate on all digital platforms,
from thin to thick set-top boxes, including PVR systems, and supports a number
of standards including HTML, DOCSIS, MHP, and Java.

OpenTV's middleware is deployed in more than 20 million digital set-top boxes
worldwide and has been selected by 50 digital cable, satellite and terrestrial
communications networks in more than 50 countries. 36 digital set-top box
manufacturers have licensed OpenTV's software, and more than 1,300 content
developers have joined its Partner Program. Customers include BSkyB in the
United Kingdom (NYSE: BSY); TPS and Noos in France (Paris: LYOE.PA); NTL Cable
in Switzerland and France (NYSE: NLI; NASDAQ Europe: NTLI); Via Digital in Spain
(NYSE: TEF); DIRECTV(TM) Latin America LLC (NYSE: GMH); Shanghai Cable in China;
Austar in Australia; and EchoStar's DISH Network (NASDAQ: DISH) and USA Media in
the U.S.

The Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Static2358, is the industry's leading
interactive applications provider. It owns and operates the world's most
successful iTV entertainment and games channel, PlayJam. OpenTV is based in
Mountain View, California. For more information please visit www.opentv.com.

                                      # # #

This news release contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those
contemplated herein, including statements regarding OpenTV's position in the
marketplace, the revenue opportunities available to OpenTV, the intentions of
OpenTV's network operator and other customers to deploy OpenTV-enabled products
and services, and OpenTV's planned restructuring initiatives. Actual results can
differ materially. Risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to
differ from such forward-looking statements, or to which OpenTV's business is
otherwise subject, include, but are not limited to, whether current demand for
interactive television will continue, the rate at which the interactive
television market will expand or contract, the risk that OpenTV will fail to
successfully manage its changing relationships with customers, suppliers and
other business partners, whether global economic conditions will affect the
business and operational decisions of OpenTV's customers, suppliers and other
business partners in a manner adverse to OpenTV, the level of applications
deployed by network operator customers such as EchoStar and other factors that
could affect the growth of OpenTV's recurring revenues, whether and to what
extent OpenTV's core platform will remain profitable, whether and to what extent
OpenTV's will be able to maintain its cash reserves, whether OpenTV will be able
to successfully manage its anticipated expenses, whether unanticipated expenses
will arise that OpenTV may incur in future periods, the inability to
sufficiently reduce expenses through the restructuring to enhance future
operating performance, the timely identification and development of new
products, applications and services, customer acceptance of those products,
applications and services and the pricing thereof, the impact of competitive
products, applications and services and the pricing of those products,
applications and services, the impact of technological constraints and changes
in technology, the impact of governmental regulation, and other risk factors
detailed in the documents filed from time to time by OpenTV Corp. with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, including those risk factors detailed in
Item 3.D of OpenTV Corp.'s Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2001. OpenTV undertakes no obligation to
update or revise any such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new
information, future events, or otherwise.

<PAGE>

4Q 2001 Financial Results
Page 6

(C)2002 OpenTV Corp. All rights reserved. OpenTV and the OpenTV logo are
trademarks or registered trademarks of OpenTV, Inc. in the United States and
other countries. Static2358, Static and PlayJam are trademarks of Static2358.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

All OpenTV products and services may not be available in all geographic areas.

Contacts:        Gary J. Fuges, CFA                      Helen Chung
                 Director, Investor Relations            Vice President
                 OpenTV                                  JLM Partners for OpenTV
                 650-429-5531                            206-381-3600
                 gfuges@opentv.com                       helen@jlmpartners.com

<PAGE>

4Q 2001 Financial Results
Page 7

                                  OPENTV CORP.
            Unaudited Pro-Forma Consolidated Statements of Operations
               (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

     Note: The pro-forma supplemental financial information included herein
           is presented for informational purposes only and should not be
           considered as a substitute for OpenTV's financial information
           presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting
           principles.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                            Three Months Ended           Year Ended
                                                              December 31,               December 31,
                                                         ----------------------   ------------------------
                                                             2000        2001        2000          2001
                                                         ----------   ---------   ----------    ----------
<S>                                                       <C>         <C>         <C>           <C>
Revenues:
---------
Royalties                                                $    8,155   $  12,497   $   29,898    $   42,175
Services and other                                            8,450      10,389       19,805        39,832
License fees                                                  5,646       2,196       13,444        13,295
                                                         ----------   ---------   ----------    ----------
        Total revenues                                       22,251      25,082       63,147        95,302
                                                         ----------   ---------   ----------    ----------
Operating expenses:
-------------------
Cost of services                                              6,307       8,216       15,454        29,989
Research and development                                      9,147       9,040       30,776        40,251
Sales and marketing                                           8,069       8,546       26,368        36,006
Marketing - BSkyB hard drive set-top box                        -           -            -           8,375
General and administrative                                    4,616       4,031       14,065        16,636
                                                         ----------   ---------   ----------    ----------
        Total operating expenses                             28,139      29,833       86,663       131,257
                                                         ----------   ---------   ----------    ----------

   Loss from operations                                      (5,888)     (4,751)     (23,516)      (35,955)

Other income, net                                             3,407       2,105       12,121        10,485
Minority interest                                                34         131           34           202
                                                         ----------  ----------   ----------    ----------
   Net loss                                              $   (2,447)  $  (2,515)  $  (11,361)   $  (25,268)
                                                         ==========   =========   ==========    ==========

Shares used in computing net loss per share,
     basic and diluted                                   62,039,912  70,574,235   52,190,338    67,937,686
                                                         ==========   =========   ==========    ==========

   Net loss per share, basic and diluted                 $    (0.04)  $   (0.04)  $    (0.22)   $    (0.37)
                                                         ==========   =========   ==========    ==========
</TABLE>

Notes:
------
1. OpenTV's pro-forma net loss, excluding the one-time BSkyB-related $8,375
marketing expense, was $16,893, or $0.25 per share, for the year ended December
31, 2001.

2. The above unaudited pro-forma consolidated statements of operations exclude
the effects of the following:

-- In-process research and development expense related to the Spyglass
acquisition totaling $1,000 for the year ended December 31, 2000.

-- In-process research and development expense related to the Static acquisition
totaling $2,120 for the year ended December 31, 2001.

-- Non-recurring research and development fee of $2,600, of which $2,286 was
amortized for the year ended December 31, 2000.

-- Acquisition-related sales and marketing and general and administrative
expenses associated with the Spyglass acquisition, totaling $13 and $95,
respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2000.

-- Amortization of goodwill over 5 years of $97,000 and $97,691 for the quarters
ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, and $169,284 and $390,765 for
the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively.

-- Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles over 1.5 to 5 years of $3,542
and $6,483 for the quarters ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, and
$6,226 and $23,488 for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively.

-- Amortization of share-based compensation, generally over 4 years, of $2,546
and $162 for the quarters ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, and
$14,426 and $9,589 for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively.

-- General Instrument non-cash performance warrant expense related to the
warrant's variable accounting treatment totaling $24,908 for the year ended
December 31, 2000.

-- Investment losses of $11,687 and $7,625 for the quarters ended December 31,
2000 and 2001, respectively, and $11,687 and $38,929 for the years ended
December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively.

-- Income tax (expense) benefit of ($1,617) and ($180) for the quarters ended
December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, and $509 and $5,854 for the years
ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively.

<PAGE>

4Q 2001 Financial Results
Page 8

                                  OPENTV CORP.
                      Consolidated Statements of Operations
               (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                    Three Months Ended December 31,     Year Ended December 31,
                                                    -------------------------------     -----------------------
                                                        2000             2001              2000          2001
                                                    ------------    ---------------     ----------   ----------
                                                              (unaudited)                      (audited)
<S>                                                      <C>          <C>                  <C>          <C>
Revenues:
--------
Royalties                                             $    8,155    $   12,497          $   29,898   $   42,175
Services and other                                         8,450        10,389              19,805       39,832
License fees                                               5,646         2,196              13,444       13,295
                                                      ----------    ----------          ----------   ----------
        Total revenues                                    22,251        25,082              63,147       95,302
                                                      ----------    ----------          ----------   ----------
Operating expenses:
-------------------
Cost of services                                           6,307         8,216              15,454       29,989
Research and development                                   9,147         9,040              34,062       42,371
Sales and marketing                                        8,069         8,546              26,381       36,006
Marketing - BSkyB hard drive set-top tox                       -             -                   -        8,375
General and administrative                                 4,616         4,031              14,160       16,636
Amortization of goodwill                                  97,000        97,691             169,284      390,765
Amortization of intangibles                                3,542         6,483               6,226       23,488
Amortization of share-based compensation                   2,546           162              14,426        9,589
Non-cash warrant expense                                       -             -              24,908            -
                                                      ----------    ----------          ----------   ----------
        Total operating expenses                         131,227       134,169             304,901      557,219
                                                      ----------    ----------          ----------   ----------
   Loss from operations                                 (108,976)     (109,087)           (241,754)    (461,917)

Other income, net                                          3,407         2,105              12,121       10,485
Investment losses                                        (11,687)       (7,625)            (11,687)     (38,929)
Minority interest                                             34           131                  34          202
                                                      ----------    ----------          ----------   ----------

Loss before income taxes                                (117,222)     (114,476)           (241,286)    (490,159)

Income tax (expense) benefit                              (1,617)         (180)                509        5,854
                                                      ----------    ----------          ----------   ----------
   Net loss                                           $ (118,839)   $ (114,656)         $ (240,777)  $ (484,305)
                                                      ==========    ==========          ==========   ==========
Shares used in computing net loss per share
     basic and diluted                                62,039,912    70,574,235          52,190,338   67,937,686
                                                      ==========    ==========          ==========   ==========
   Net loss per share, basic and diluted              $    (1.92)   $    (1.62)         $    (4.61)  $    (7.13)
                                                      ==========    ==========          ==========   ==========
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

4Q 2001 Financial Results
Page 9

                                  OPENTV CORP.
                     Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets
                                 (in thousands)

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                              December 31,     December 31,
                                                                  2000             2001
                                                              -----------      -----------
<S>                                                           <C>              <C>
Assets
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable debt
  securities                                                  $   224,982      $   189,542
Marketable equity securities                                       22,275              -
Accounts receivable, net                                           13,762           22,681
Related parties receivable                                          1,570            4,290
Prepaid expenses and other current assets                           7,591            7,248
Property and equipment, net                                        15,671           24,981
Private equity investments and notes receivable                    25,010           15,208
Goodwill and other intangibles, net                             1,861,126        1,499,199
Other assets                                                        9,443            4,465
                                                              -----------      -----------
     Total assets                                             $ 2,181,430      $ 1,767,614
                                                              ===========      ===========
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities                      $    21,281      $    25,095
Related parties payable                                               381              157
Deferred revenue                                                    9,902           10,825
Deferred income taxes                                               5,710              -
                                                              -----------      -----------
     Total liabilities                                             37,274           36,077

Minority interest                                                   1,966            1,764

Total shareholders' equity                                      2,142,190        1,729,773
                                                              -----------      -----------
        Total liabilities and shareholders' equity            $ 2,181,430      $ 1,767,614
                                                              ===========      ===========
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

4Q 2001 Financial Results
Page 10

                                  OPENTV CORP.
            Unaudited Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flow
                                 (in thousands)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                   Three Months Ended         Year Ended
                                                                      December 31,            December 31,
                                                                  ---------------------   ---------------------
                                                                     2000       2001        2000        2001
                                                                  ---------   ---------   ---------   ---------
<S>                                                               <C>         <C>         <C>         <C>

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss                                                          $(118,839)  $(114,656)  $(240,777)  $(484,305)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in
 operating activities:
   Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment            1,571       2,229       3,531       7,189
   Amortization of intangibles and goodwill                         100,542     104,174     175,510     414,253
   Amortization of share-based compensation                           2,546         162      14,426       9,589
   Provision for doubtful accounts                                      406         314         738       1,289
   Investment losses                                                 11,687       7,625      11,687      38,929
   In-process research and development                                    -           -       1,000       2,120
   Non-cash warrant expense                                               -           -      24,908           -
   Deferred taxes                                                     1,617           -        (509)          -
   Minority interest                                                    (34)       (131)        (34)       (202)
   Changes in operating assets and liabilities                        5,803      (8,543)      2,083     (26,156)
                                                                  ---------   ---------   ---------   ---------
     Net cash provided from (used in) operating activities            5,299      (8,826)     (7,437)    (37,294)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment                                   (2,581)     (3,412)    (10,655)    (14,243)
Proceeds from sale of subsidiary                                          -           -           -       4,625
Cash from acquired subsidiary                                             -           -      74,712           -
Cash for acquisition                                                      -        (640)          -     (14,187)
Proceeds from sale of marketable equity securities                    5,813           -       5,813      16,486
Purchase of long-term debt investments                                    -           -           -           -
Increase in private equity investments and notes receivable          (5,010)       (198)    (35,010)     (2,823)
Decrease (increase) in other assets                                    (319)         92      (2,677)       (501)
                                                                  ---------   ---------   ---------   ---------
     Net cash provided from (used in) investing activities           (2,097)     (4,158)     32,183     (10,643)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of Ordinary Shares                             7,398       7,588      12,098      12,834
Other                                                                 2,000           -       2,000           -
                                                                  ---------   ---------   ---------   ---------
     Net cash provided from financing activities                      9,398       7,588      14,098      12,834
Effect of exchange rates on cash                                         13        (205)       (397)       (337)
                                                                  ---------   ---------   ---------   ---------
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and
  marketable debt securities                                         12,613      (5,601)     38,447     (35,440)
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable debt securities at
   beginning of period                                              212,369     195,143     186,535     224,982
                                                                  ---------   ---------   ---------   ---------
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable debt securities at
   end of period                                                  $ 224,982   $ 189,542   $ 224,982   $ 189,542
                                                                  =========   =========   =========   =========
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

4Q 2001 Financial Results
Page 11

                                  OPENTV CORP.
                     Unaudited Pro-Forma Platform Reporting
                                 (in thousands)

     Note: The pro-forma supplemental financial information included herein is
           presented for informational purposes only and should not be
           considered as a substitute for OpenTV's financial information
           presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting
           principles.

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                    Applications
Three Months Ended December 31, 2001              Core Platform       Platform        Total Company
------------------------------------              -------------     ------------      -------------
<S>                                               <C>               <C>               <C>

   Revenues:
   ---------
   Royalties                                            $12,497         $    -             $ 12,497
   Services and other                                     7,230            3,159             10,389
   License fees                                           1,044            1,152              2,196
                                                        -------         --------           --------
     Total revenues                                      20,771            4,311             25,082

   Operating expenses                                    16,900           12,933             29,833
                                                        -------         --------            -------
     Operating profit (loss)                            $ 3,871         $ (8,622)          $ (4,751)
                                                        =======         ========           ========

                                                                    Applications
Year Ended December 31, 2001                      Core Platform       Platform        Total Company
----------------------------                      -------------     ------------      -------------

   Revenues:
   ---------
   Royalties                                            $42,175         $    -             $ 42,175
   Services and other                                    32,994            6,838             39,832
   License fees                                          10,031            3,264             13,295
                                                        -------         --------           --------
     Total revenues                                      85,200           10,102             95,302

   Operating expenses:
   -------------------
   Marketing - BSkyB hard drive set-top box                 -              8,375              8,375
   Other operating expenses                              73,793           49,089            122,882
                                                        -------          -------           --------
     Operating profit (loss)                            $11,407         $(47,362)          $(35,955)
                                                        =======         ========           ========
</TABLE>

Notes:
------

1. The operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2001, excluding the
one-time BSkyB-related $8,375 marketing expense, was $38,987 for the
Applications Platform and $27,580 for the total Company.<PAGE>

                                                                     Exhibit 4.3

                              AMENDED AND RESTATED
                                     BYLAWS
                                       OF
                             JDN REALTY CORPORATION
                            ADOPTED NOVEMBER 27, 2001

                                    ARTICLE I
                                     OFFICES

         Section 1.1. Principal Office. The principal office of JDN Realty
Corporation, a Maryland corporation (the "Corporation"), shall be located at
such place in the State of Maryland as the Corporation's Board of Directors may
from time to time designate or as the business of the Corporation may require.

         Section 1.2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at
such other places within or outside the State of Maryland as the Board of
Directors may from time to time determine or as the business of the Corporation
may require.

                                   ARTICLE II
                          MEETINGS OF THE STOCKHOLDERS

         Section 2.1. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the stockholders shall be
held at such place within or outside the State of Maryland as shall be specified
in the notice of the meeting or in a waiver thereof.

         Section 2.2. Annual Meeting. An annual meeting of the stockholders
shall be held during the month of May of each year on a date and time designated
by the Board of Directors and as set forth in the notice of the meeting, for the
purpose of electing directors (in accordance with Section 3.3) and transacting
such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. Failure to
hold an annual meeting or to hold such meeting at the time prescribed herein
will not invalidate the Corporation's existence or affect otherwise valid acts
of the Corporation.

         Section 2.3. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders may
be called by the Chief Executive Officer or the President, the Board of
Directors, or by such person or persons as may be authorized by the
Corporation's Charter or by these Bylaws. The Secretary of the Corporation shall
call a special meeting of the stockholders on the written request of
stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to
be cast at the meeting. A request for a special meeting shall state the purpose
of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at such meeting. The
Secretary shall: (a) inform the stockholders who make the request for a special
meeting of the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and mailing a notice of
and, if applicable, proxy materials in connection with that meeting; and (b) on
payment of these costs to the Corporation, notify each stockholder entitled to
notice of the meeting. Unless requested by stockholders entitled to cast a
majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting, a special meeting
need not be called to consider any matter which is substantially the same as a
matter voted on at any special meeting of the stockholders held during the
preceding 12 months.

         Section 2.4. Notice. Not less than 10 nor more than 90 days before each
meeting of the stockholders, the Secretary of the Corporation shall give written
notice of the meeting to: (a) each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the
meeting; and (b) each other stockholder entitled by applicable law to notice of
the meeting. The notice shall state the date, time and place of the meeting and
the purpose of the meeting, if the meeting is a special meeting or notice of the
purpose is required by the Maryland General Corporation Law. Notice is given to
a stockholder when it is: (a) personally delivered to the stockholder; (b) left
at the stockholder's residence or usual place of business; (c) mailed to the
stockholder at the stockholder's address as it appears on the records of the
Corporation; or (d) transmitted to the

<PAGE>

stockholder by electronic mail to any electronic mail address of the stockholder
or by any other electronic means. If mailed, notice is deemed to be given when
deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to the
stockholder at the stockholder's address as it appears on the records of the
Corporation.

         Section 2.5 Organization. At every meeting of the stockholders, the
Chief Executive Officer or, in the case of a vacancy in the office or absence of
the Chief Executive Officer, one of the following persons present in the order
stated: the President; a chairman designated by the Board of Directors; or a
chairman chosen by the stockholders entitled to cast a majority of the votes
that all stockholders present in person or by proxy are entitled to cast, shall
act as chairman of the meeting, and the Secretary, or, in the Secretary's
absence, an Assistant Secretary, if any, or any person appointed by the chairman
of the meeting, shall act as secretary of the meeting.

         Section 2.6. Quorum. The presence in person or by proxy of stockholders
entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on a matter by
a voting group, shall constitute a quorum at meetings of stockholders except as
otherwise provided by statute or by the Charter with respect to the adoption of
any particular matter. Once a share is represented for any purpose at a meeting
of the stockholders of the Corporation, the holder is deemed present for quorum
purposes for the remainder of the meeting and for any adjournment of that
meeting, unless a new record date is or must be set for that adjourned meeting.

         Section 2.7. Adjournment. If a quorum is not present or represented at
any meeting of the stockholders or for any other reason in the sole discretion
of the chairman of the meeting, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power
to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without further notice other than
announcement at the meeting, to a date not more than 120 days after the original
record date. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or
represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at
the original meeting.

         Section 2.8. Majority Rule. Except with respect to the election of
directors as provided in Section 3.5, a majority of all the votes cast at a
meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present is sufficient to approve
any matter which properly comes before a meeting of the stockholders, unless the
vote of a greater number is required by the Maryland General Corporation Law,
the Charter or these Bylaws.

         Section 2.9. Voting. Each outstanding share of stock, regardless of
class, is entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting
of the stockholders, unless otherwise provided pursuant to the Charter or by the
Maryland General Corporation Law. Voting on any question or in any election may
be by voice vote unless the chairman of the meeting orders otherwise or any
stockholder demands that voting be by ballot.

         Section 2.10. Proxies. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting
of the stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in
writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for him
or her by proxy by signing a writing authorizing another person to act as proxy.
Signing may be accomplished by the stockholder or the stockholder's authorized
agent signing the writing or causing the stockholder's signature to be affixed
to the writing by any reasonable means, including facsimile signature. A
stockholder may authorize another person to act as proxy by transmitting, or
authorizing the transmission of, a telegram, cablegram, datagram, electronic
mail or any other electronic or telephonic means to the person authorized to act
as proxy or to any other person authorized to receive the proxy authorization on
behalf of the person authorized to act as the proxy, including a proxy
solicitation firm or proxy support service organization. A copy, facsimile
telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing or transmission
authorized hereunder may be substituted for the original writing or transmission
for any purpose for which the original writing or transmission could be used. A
proxy shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation before or at the time
of the meeting. Unless the proxy provides for a longer period, it is not valid
more than 11 months after its date. A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable
if it conspicuously states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as,
it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable
power. A proxy may be irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which
it is coupled is an interest in the stock to be voted under the proxy or

                                      -2-

<PAGE>

another general interest in the Corporation or its assets or liabilities.

         Section 2.11. Voting of Shares by Certain Holders. Shares of the
Corporation registered in the name of a corporation, partnership, trust or other
entity, if entitled to be voted, may be voted by the president or a vice
president, a general partner or trustee thereof, as the case may be, or a proxy
appointed by any of the foregoing individuals, unless some other person who has
been appointed to vote such shares pursuant to a bylaw or a resolution of the
governing board of such corporation or other entity or agreement of the partners
of the partnership presents a certified copy of such bylaw, resolution or
agreement, in which case such person may vote such shares. Any trustee or other
fiduciary may vote shares registered in his or her name as such fiduciary,
either in person or by proxy.

         Shares of the Corporation directly or indirectly owned by it on the
applicable record date shall not be voted at any meeting and shall not be
counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares entitled to be
voted at any given time, unless they are held by it in a fiduciary capacity, in
which case they may be voted and shall be counted in determining the total
number of outstanding shares at any given time. Shares of the Corporation
acquired by it after the applicable record date and before the time of the
meeting may be voted at the meeting by the holders of record as of the record
date and shall be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares
entitled to be voted at the meeting.

         Section 2.12. Stock Ledger; List of Stockholders. The original or a
duplicate of the Corporation's stock ledger shall be kept at the principal
office of the Corporation's transfer agent and registrar. The officer or agent
who has charge of the stock ledger books of the Corporation shall prepare and
make, at least 10 days before each meeting of the stockholders, a complete list
of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, arranged in alphabetical
order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares
registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the
examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during
ordinary business hours for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting,
either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place
shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the
place where the meeting is to be held. Such list shall also be produced and kept
at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be
inspected by any stockholder who is present. The stock ledger shall be the only
evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, to
be included in the list required by this Section 2.12 or to vote in person or by
proxy at any meeting of stockholders.

         Section 2.13. Inspectors. The Board of Directors may, in advance of any
meeting of the stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at such
meeting or any adjournment thereof. If the inspectors are not so appointed or if
any of them fails to appear or act, the chairman of the meeting may, and on the
request of any stockholder entitled to vote thereat, shall appoint inspectors.
Each inspector, before discharging of his or her duties, shall take and sign an
oath to execute faithfully the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict
impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspectors
shall determine the number of shares represented at the meeting based on their
determination of the validity and effect of proxies, and the existence of a
quorum, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine all
challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count and
tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, determine and report the results, and
perform such other acts as are proper to conduct the election and voting with
fairness to all stockholders. On request of the chairman of the meeting or any
stockholder entitled to vote thereat, the inspectors shall make a report in
writing of any challenge, request or matter determined by them and shall execute
a certificate of any fact found by them. If there is more than one inspector,
the report or certificate of a majority of the inspectors shall be the report of
the inspectors. The report of the inspector or inspectors on the number of
shares represented at the meeting and the results of the voting shall be prima
facie evidence thereof. No director or candidate for the office of director
shall act as inspector of an election of directors. Inspectors need not be
stockholders.

         Section 2.14. Action Without Meeting. Any action required or permitted
to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders may be taken without a meeting if
the following are filed with the records of meetings of the stockholders: (a) a
unanimous written consent which sets forth the action and is signed by

                                      -3-

<PAGE>

each stockholder entitled to vote on the matter; and (b) a written waiver of any
right to dissent signed by each stockholder entitled to notice of the meeting
but not entitled to vote at such meeting. The affirmative vote of the number of
shares which would be necessary to authorize or take action at a meeting of
stockholders, pursuant to Section 2.8, is the act of the stockholders without a
meeting. Action taken by written consent is effective when the last stockholder
signs the consent, unless the consent specifies a different effective date.

         Section 2.15.  Business to be Transacted at Annual Meetings.

         (a)  Director Nominations. The Nominating Committee shall nominate
              ---------------------
candidates for election to the Board of Directors to be elected at meetings of
stockholders at which directors are to be elected.

         (b)  Other Stockholder Proposals.
              ---------------------------

                           (1) No business shall be transacted at any annual
         meeting of stockholders other than business that is: (i) specified in
         the Corporation's notice of meeting (including stockholder proposals
         included in the Corporation's proxy materials under Rule 14a-8 of
         Regulation 14A or any successor rule ("Rule 14a-8") under the
         Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")), (ii)
         otherwise brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the
         Board of Directors, or (iii) a proper subject for the meeting and which
         is timely submitted by a stockholder of the Corporation who was a
         stockholder of record both at the time of the stockholder's submission
         and at the time of the annual meeting who complies fully with the
         notice requirements set forth in this Section 2.15(b) in addition to
         any other applicable law, rule or regulation applicable to such
         meeting.

                           (2) For business to be properly submitted by a
         stockholder before any annual meeting under Section 2.15(b)(1)(iii)
         above, a stockholder must give timely notice in writing of such
         business to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be considered timely,
         a stockholder's notice must be received by the Secretary at the
         principal office of the Corporation not earlier than the date which is
         120 calendar days nor later than the date which is 90 calendar days
         before the first anniversary of the date on which the Corporation first
         mailed its proxy statement to stockholders in connection with the prior
         year's annual meeting of stockholders.

                           (3) If the Corporation did not hold an annual meeting
         during the previous year, or if the date of the applicable year's
         annual meeting has been advanced by more than 30 calendar days or
         delayed by more than 60 calendar days from the first anniversary of the
         date of the previous year's meeting, then a stockholder's notice must
         be received by the Secretary not earlier than the date which is 120
         calendar days before date on which the Corporation first mailed its
         proxy statement to stockholders in connection with the applicable
         year's annual meeting and not later than the date of the later to occur
         of (i) 90 calendar days before the date on which the Corporation first
         mailed its proxy statement to stockholders in connection with the
         applicable year's annual meeting of stockholders or (ii) ten calendar
         days after the Corporation's first public announcement of the date of
         the applicable year's annual meeting of stockholders.

                           (4) Notwithstanding anything in Section 2.15(b)(2) to
         the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected
         to the Board of Directors is increased and there is no public
         announcement by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for director
         or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors at least 70
         days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year's annual
         meeting, a stockholder's notice required by this Section 2.15(b) shall
         also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any
         new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the
         Secretary of the Corporation not later than the close of business on
         the tenth day following the day on which such public announcement is
         first made by the Corporation.

                                      -4-

<PAGE>

                     (5) A stockholder's notice to the Secretary to submit a
     nomination or other business to an annual meeting of stockholders shall set
     forth: (i) the name and address of the stockholder; (ii) the class and
     number of shares of stock of the Corporation held of record and
     beneficially owned by such stockholder; (iii) the name(s), including any
     beneficial owners, and address(es) of such stockholder(s) in which all such
     shares of stock are registered on the stock transfer books of the
     Corporation; (iv) a representation that the stockholder intends to appear
     at the meeting in person or by proxy to submit the business specified in
     such notice; (v) a brief description of the business desired to be
     submitted to the annual meeting of stockholders, the complete text of any
     resolutions intended to be presented at the annual meeting and the reasons
     for conducting such business at the annual meeting of stockholders; (vi)
     any personal or other material interest of the stockholder in the business
     to be submitted; (vii) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to
     nominate for election or reelection as a director, all information relating
     to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies
     for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant
     to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act (including such person's written
     consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving
     as a director if elected); and (viii) all other information relating to the
     proposed business which may be required to be disclosed under applicable
     law. In addition, a stockholder seeking to submit such business at an
     annual meeting of the stockholders shall promptly provide any other
     information reasonably requested by the Corporation.

             (c)  General.
                  -------

                     (1) Only those persons who are nominated in accordance with
     the procedures set forth in this Section 2.15 shall be eligible for
     election as directors at an annual meeting of stockholders. Only business
     brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in
     this Section 2.15 shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders. The
     chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether
     a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was
     made in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.15 and,
     if the chairman of such meeting determines that any proposed nomination or
     business is not in compliance with this Section 2.15, to declare that such
     defective proposal shall be disregarded.

                     (2) For purposes of this Section 2.15, "public
     announcement" shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow
     Jones News Service, Associated Press, Business Wire or comparable news
     service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the
     Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act.

                     (3) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this
     Section 2.15, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable
     requirements of state law, the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations
     thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2.15.

                     (4) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this
     Section 2.15, a stockholder who seeks to have any proposal included in the
     Corporation's proxy materials shall comply with the requirements of Rule
     14a-8 under the Exchange Act, and nothing in this Section 2.15 shall be
     deemed to affect the rights of stockholders to request inclusion of
     proposals in, nor the right of the Corporation to exclude proposals from,
     the Corporation's proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange
     Act.

                                   ARTICLE III
                                    DIRECTORS

     Section 3.1. General Powers; Directors Holding Over. The business and
affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of its Board of
Directors. In case of failure to elect directors at an annual meeting of the
stockholders, the directors holding over shall continue to direct the management
of the business and affairs of the Corporation until their successors are
elected and qualify.

                                      -5-

<PAGE>

     Section 3.2. Number. Except as set forth below, the number of directors of
the Corporation shall be not less than three nor more than nine, as determined
from time to time by the Board of Directors of the Corporation, who shall,
subject to Section 3.3 below, be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders,
except in the case of any initial directors named in the Charter and except as
provided below. If at any time the Corporation has less than three stockholders,
the number of directors of the Corporation may be less than three but not less
than the number of stockholders. Any action by the Board of Directors or
stockholders to reduce the number of directors shall not affect the tenure of
office of any director.

     Section 3.3. Classes. The Board of Directors of the Corporation shall be
classified into three classes, equal or approximately equal in number. If the
number of directors is not divisible evenly by three, the Board of Directors
shall determine the number of directors to be in each class, with each class to
be approximately equal in number. Each director in Class 1 shall serve for an
initial term ending at the annual meeting of stockholders in 1995 and until his
or her successor is elected and qualified; each director in Class 2 shall serve
for an initial term ending at the annual meeting of the stockholders in 1996 and
until his or her successor is elected and qualified; and each director in Class
3 shall serve for an initial term ending at the annual meeting of stockholders
in 1997 and until his or her successor is elected and qualified. After the
respective initial terms of the classes indicated, each such class of directors
shall be elected for successive terms ending at the annual meeting of
stockholders the third year after election and until his or her successor is
elected and qualified.

     Section 3.4. Independent Directors. At least a majority of the entire Board
of Directors shall be Independent Directors, as hereinafter defined. To be
deemed an "Independent Director" in any calendar year, a director would have to
satisfy the following qualifications:

          (a) has not been employed by the Corporation in an executive capacity
within the last five calendar years;

          (b) has not received, during the current calendar year or any of the
three immediately preceding calendar years, remuneration, directly or
indirectly, other than de minimis remuneration, as a result of service as, or
being affiliated with an entity that serves as: (i) an advisor, consultant, or
legal counsel to the Corporation or to a member of the Corporation's senior
management; or (ii) a significant customer or supplier of the Corporation;

          (c) has no personal services contract(s) with the Corporation or any
member of the Corporation's senior management;

          (d) is not affiliated with a not-for-profit entity that receives
significant contributions from the Corporation;

          (e) during the current calendar year or any of the three immediately
preceding calendar years, has not had any business relationship with the
Corporation for which the Corporation has been required to make disclosure under
Regulation S-K promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, other than
for service as a director or for which relationship no more than de minimus
remuneration was received in any one such year;

          (f) is not employed by a public company at which an executive officer
of the Corporation serves as a director;

          (g) has not had any of the relationships described in subsections
(a)-(f) above, with any Affiliate of the Corporation; "Affiliate" means (i) any
person or entity of which the subject party owns, directly or indirectly, more
than fifty percent (50%) of the issued and outstanding voting stock or in which
the subject party owns, directly or indirectly, more than a fifty percent (50%)
interest; (ii) any person or entity controlled, directly or indirectly, through
one or more intermediaries, by the subject party, (iii) any person or entity
controlling the subject party, directly or indirectly, through one or more
intermediaries, or (iv) any person or entity controlled by a person or entity
controlling the subject party, directly or indirectly, through one or more
intermediaries.

                                      -6-

<PAGE>

          (h) is not the beneficial owner of five percent or more of any class
of equity securities of the Corporation, or of any entity that controls, is
controlled by or is under common control with the Corporation;

          (i) is not a member of the immediate family of any person described in
subsections (a)-(h) above; and

          (j) is deemed to have received remuneration, directly or indirectly,
if remuneration, other than de minimis remuneration, was paid by the
Corporation, its subsidiaries, or Affiliates, to any entity in which the
director has a beneficial ownership interest of five percent or more, or to an
entity by which the director is employed or self-employed other than as a
director.

          For purposes of this Section 3.4, remuneration is deemed de minimis
remuneration if such remuneration is $60,000 or less in any calendar year, or if
such remuneration is paid to an entity, it (a) did not for the calendar year
exceed the lesser of $3 million, or one percent of the gross revenues of the
entity; and (b) did not directly result in an increase in the compensation
received by the director from that entity

     Section 3.5. Election And Tenure. Each director shall be elected by a
plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum
is present, and each director elected shall hold office until the end of his or
her term as provided herein, and until his or her successor is elected and
qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. Each share of
stock may be voted for as many individuals as there are directors to be elected
and for whose election the share is entitled to be voted. Stockholders shall not
have any cumulative voting rights.

     Section 3.6. Qualifications. Each director of the Corporation shall have
the qualifications required by the Charter or these Bylaws. Directors need not
be residents of the State of Maryland or stockholders of the Corporation.

     Section 3.7. Removal. Any director may be removed (a) by stockholders in
accordance with the requirements of the Charter; or (b) by the unanimous vote of
all of the other members of the Board of Directors.

     Section 3.8. Vacancies. The stockholders may elect a successor to fill any
vacancy on the Board of Directors which results from the removal of a director.
A director elected by the stockholders to fill a vacancy which results from the
removal of a director serves for the balance of the term of the removed director
and until such director's successor is elected and qualifies. A majority of the
remaining directors, whether or not sufficient to constitute a quorum, may fill
a vacancy on the Board of Directors that results from any cause except an
increase in the authorized number of directors. A majority of the entire Board
of Directors may fill a vacancy which results from an increase in the number of
directors and, subject to Section 3.3, determine the class of such additional
director or directors. A director elected by the Board of Directors to fill a
vacancy serves until the next annual meeting of the stockholders and until such
director's successor is elected and qualifies.

     Section 3.9. Lack of Directors. If at any time, by reason of death or
resignation or other cause, the Corporation should have no directors in office,
then any officer or any stockholder or an executor, administrator, trustee or
guardian of a stockholder, or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility
for the person or estate of a stockholder may call a special meeting of
stockholders in accordance with the provisions of the Charter or these Bylaws,
and an election of directors may be held in the manner provided by the Charter,
these Bylaws or the Maryland General Corporation Law.

     Section 3.10 Resignation. A director may resign at any time by delivering
written notice to the Corporation, the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the
Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President. A resignation is effective
when notice is delivered, unless the notice specifies a later effective date.

                                      -7-

<PAGE>

     Section 3.11. Quorum. A majority of the entire Board of Directors shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. If a quorum shall not be
present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors
present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than
announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

     Section 3.12. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the Board of Directors
for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other business as may
be brought before the meeting shall be held each year as soon as reasonably
practicable following the annual meeting of stockholders. No notice of such
meeting shall be necessary in order to legally constitute the meeting, provided
a quorum is present. Annual meetings may be held at such places, within or
outside the State of Maryland, as may from time to time be determined by the
Board of Directors. In addition, the Board of Directors shall hold an executive
session at least one time each year at which employee directors are not present.

     Section 3.13. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors
may be held without notice at such places, within or outside the State of
Maryland, on such dates and at such times as may from time to time be determined
by the Board of Directors.

     Section 3.14. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors
may be called by the Chief Executive Officer or the President and shall be
called by the Secretary on the written request of two directors. Notice of
special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be given to each director at
least two days prior to the meeting. Notice need not be in writing. Neither the
business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any special meeting of the
Board of Directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such
meeting. Such meetings shall be held at such places, within or outside the State
of Maryland, on such dates and at such times as may be stated in the notice.

     Section 3.15. Action Without Meeting. Any action required or permitted to
be taken at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee of the Board
of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if a unanimous written consent
which sets forth the action is: (a) signed by each member of the Board of
Directors or committee; and (b) filed with the minutes of proceedings of the
Board of Directors or committee. The affirmative vote of the number of directors
that would be necessary to authorize or take action at a meeting, pursuant to
Section 3.18, is the act of the Board of Directors without a meeting. Action
taken by written consent is effective when the last director signs the consent
unless the consent specifies a different effective date.

     Section 3.16. Meetings by Telephone. Members of the Board of Directors or
any committee may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or
similar communications equipment, provided all persons participating in the
meeting can hear each other at the same time. A director participating in such a
meeting is deemed to be present in person at the meeting.

     Section 3.17. Majority Rule. The action of a majority of the directors
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present is the action of the Board of
Directors unless the Charter, these Bylaws or the Maryland General Corporation
Law requires a greater proportion.

     Section 3.18. Interested Director Transactions. No contract or transaction
(including, without limitation, a property acquisition or disposition) between
the Corporation and any of its directors, or between the Corporation and any
other corporation, firm or entity in which any of its directors is a director,
or has a material financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this
reason, or solely because the director is present at the meeting of the Board of
Directors or committee which authorizes, approves or ratifies the contract or
transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose,
if the requirements of Section 2-419(b)(1) of the Maryland General Corporation
Law are complied with or the contract or transaction is fair and reasonable to
the Corporation. Common or interested directors or the stock owned by them or by
an interested corporation, firm or other entity may be counted in determining
the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a
committee or at a meeting of stockholders, as the case may be, at which the
contract or transaction is authorized, approved or ratified.

                                      -8-

<PAGE>

         Section 3.19. Compensation. The Board of Directors shall have the
authority to fix the compensation of directors. The Board of Directors may
delegate this authority to its Compensation Committee as set forth in Section
4.5. Such compensation may include stock options, restricted stock or other
securities awarded under a plan approved by the Board of Directors and the
stockholders of the Corporation. Directors shall be entitled to reimbursement
for any reasonable expenses incurred in attending meetings and otherwise
carrying out their duties.

         Section 3.20. Organization. At every meeting of the Board of Directors,
the Chairman of the Board, or in the case of a vacancy in the office or absence
of the Chairman of the Board, the President or, in the absence of the President,
a chairman chosen by a majority of the directors present, shall act as chairman
of the meeting, and the Secretary, or, in the absence of the Secretary, an
Assistant Secretary, if any, or any other person appointed by the chairman of
the meeting, shall act as secretary of the meeting.

         Section 3.21. Performance Criteria. The Board of Directors shall
establish performance criteria for itself and evaluate itself on an annual
basis. The Board of Directors' evaluations shall include an assessment of
whether the Board of Directors has the necessary diversity of skills,
backgrounds, experiences, etc. to meet the Corporation's ongoing needs, which
evaluation shall include high standards for in-person attendance at Board of
Directors and committee meetings and consideration of absences.

                                   ARTICLE IV
                                   COMMITTEES

         Section 4.1.  Appointments and Powers. The Corporation shall have an
Executive Committee, Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating
Committee. Each of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Executive
Committee and Nominating Committee shall be composed entirely of Independent
Directors. Each of the Executive, Audit and Compensation Committees shall have
standing authorization, on its own decision, to retain legal and/or other
advisors of its choice as it deems advisable in order for its members to
discharge their fiduciary duties, which advisors shall report directly to such
committee. In addition, the Board of Directors may, by resolution or resolutions
passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, designate one or more
other committees composed of one or more directors, a majority of which shall be
Independent Directors. The Board of Directors may designate one or more
directors as alternative members of a committee who may replace any absent or
disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. Such alternate members
shall not be counted for purposes of determining a quorum unless acting for an
absent or disqualified member, in which case they shall be counted in the place
of the absent or disqualified member. The committee, to the extent provided in
said resolution or resolutions or in these Bylaws, shall have and may exercise
the powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and
affairs of the Corporation and may have power to authorize the seal of the
Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it, except that a
committee may not: (i) authorize dividends on shares of the Corporation's common
stock; (ii) amend these Bylaws; (iii) approve any merger or share exchange which
does not require stockholder approval; or (iv) authorize or approve the issuance
or sale or contract for sale of shares except that if the Board of Directors has
given general authorization for the issuance of stock providing for or
establishing a method or procedure for determining the maximum number of shares
to be issued, such committee may authorize or fix the terms and conditions of
stock subject to classification or reclassification and the terms on which any
stock may be issued in accordance with that general authorization or any stock
option or other plan or program adopted by the Board of Directors. Such
committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be stated in these
Bylaws or as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the
Board of Directors. Committees may set their own policies and procedures to the
extent consistent with the Maryland General Corporation Law.

         Section 4.2.  Minutes. Committees shall keep regular minutes of their
proceedings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required.

         Section 4.3.  Executive Committee. The Executive Committee shall act in
the absence of the Board of Directors and shall be delegated all of the powers
of the Board of Directors except as limited by the Maryland General Corporation
Law. The Chairman of the Executive Committee is responsible for

                                      -9-

<PAGE>

coordinating the activities of the Independent Directors. In addition to the
duties of all Board members (which shall not be limited or diminished by this
role), the specific responsibilities of the Chairman of the Executive Committee
are as follows:

               (a) provide the Chairman of the Board with input as to the
preparation of agendas for the meetings of the Board of Directors and all
committees thereof;

               (b) consult with the Chairman of the Board concerning the
retention of consultants who report directly to the Board of Directors;

               (c) coordinate, develop the agenda for, and moderate executive
sessions of, the Independent Directors; and

               (d) recommend to the Board of Directors the membership of the
various committees of the Board of Directors.

         Section 4.4. Audit Committee. The Audit Committee shall have the
special duties described below:

               (a) The Audit Committee shall select and engage on behalf of the
Corporation and fix the compensation of, a firm of independent certified public
accountants whose duty it shall be to audit the books and accounts of the
Corporation and its subsidiaries for the fiscal year in which they are
appointed, and who shall report to such Audit Committee.

               (b) The Audit Committee shall confer with the independent
certified public accountants and shall determine, and from time to time shall
report to the Board of Directors upon, the plans and results of the auditing of
the books and accounts of the Corporation.

               (c) The Audit Committee shall review the services provided by,
the independence of, and the fees charged by the independent certified public
accountant, and from time to time shall report upon the same to the Board of
Directors.

               (d) The Audit Committee shall review the adequacy of the
Corporation's internal accounting controls, and from time to time shall report
upon the same to the Board of Directors.

               (e) The Audit Committee shall have such other powers as may be
delegated by the Board of Directors from time to time.

         None of the members of the Audit Committee shall be officers or
employees of the Corporation.

         Section 4.5. Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee shall
establish a general compensation policy for the Corporation, and shall have the
delegated authority pursuant to Section 3.19 to approve increases in directors'
fees. The Compensation Committee shall have all the powers of administration
under all of the Corporation's employee benefit plans, including any stock
compensation plans, bonus plans, retirement plans, stock purchase plans and
medical, dental and insurance plans. In connection therewith, the Compensation
Committee shall determine, subject to the provision of the Corporation's plans,
the directors, officers and employees of the Corporation eligible to participate
in any of the plans, the extent of such participation and terms and conditions
under which benefits may be vested, received or exercised.

         Section 4.6. Nominating Committee. At least one member of the
Nominating Committee shall meet with each candidate for election to the Board of
Directors without non-Independent Directors or management present and then shall
recommend whether or not such individual shall be nominated for election to the
Board of Directors.

                                      -10-

<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE V
                                     NOTICES

         Section 5.1. Notice. Except as is otherwise specifically provided
herein, notices to stockholders and directors, shall specify the date, time and
place of the meeting. Notice is given to a stockholder as provided in Section
2.4. Notice is given to a director when it is: (a) personally delivered or
communicated by telephone to the director; (b) left at the director's residence
or usual place of business; (c) mailed to the director at the director's address
as it appears on the records of the Corporation; or (d) transmitted to the
director by electronic mail to any electronic mail address of the director or by
any other electronic means. If mailed, notice is deemed to be given when
deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to the
director at the director's address as it appears on the records of the
Corporation.

         Section 5.2. Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice of the time, place
or purpose of a meeting is required to be given to any stockholder or director
under the Maryland General Corporation Law, the Charter or these Bylaws, a
written waiver, signed by the person entitled to notice and delivered to the
Corporation and filed with the Corporation's minutes or records, whether before
or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Neither
the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special
meeting of the stockholders, Board of Directors or members of a committee of the
Board of Directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless
required by the Charter, these Bylaws or the Maryland General Corporation Law.

         Section 5.3. Attendance Constitutes Waiver. Attendance of a person at a
regular or special meeting of the stockholders, the Board of Directors or any
committee thereof in person or by proxy shall constitute a waiver of notice of
such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose
of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business
because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

                                   ARTICLE VI
                                    OFFICERS

         Section 6.1. Officers. The officers of the Corporation shall consist of
a President, Secretary and Treasurer, and may include a Chairman of the Board,
Vice Chairman of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer, one or more Vice
Presidents (any one or more of which may be designated as a senior or executive
vice president), a Chief Financial Officer and one or more assistant vice
presidents, assistant treasurers, assistant controllers and assistant
secretaries, each of whom shall be elected by the Board of Directors. In
addition, the Board of Directors may from time to time appoint such other
officers with such powers and duties as they shall deem necessary or desirable.
Any number of offices may be held by the same person except the offices of
President and Vice President shall not be held by the same person concurrently.

         If a director has not been designated as Chairman of the Board, or if
the designated Chairman of the Board is not present, the Board of Directors
shall elect a Chairman of the Board from among its members to serve as Chairman
of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all
meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall have such other powers as the
Board of Directors may determine.

         Section 6.2. Election. At the first meeting of the Board of Directors
following the annual meeting of stockholders, or as soon thereafter as is
conveniently possible, the Board of Directors shall elect a President, Secretary
and a Treasurer and such other additional officers, assistant officers and
agents as may be deemed necessary may be elected by the Board of Directors. The
Board of Directors may elect officers at such additional times as it deems
advisable. The election or appointment of an officer shall not by itself create
contract rights.

         Section 6.3. Removal. If the Board of Directors in its judgment finds
that the best interests of the Corporation will be served, it may remove any
officer or agent of the Corporation. The removal of an officer or agent does not
prejudice any of his or her contract rights.

                                      -11-

<PAGE>

         Section 6.4. Term of Office; Resignation. An officer of the Corporation
shall serve for the term provided within any applicable contract for employment
or, absent such contract, shall serve until his or her successor is elected and
qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. Any officer may
resign at any time upon written notice to the Corporation. A resignation is
effective when the notice is delivered, unless the notice specifies a later
effective date. If a resignation is made effective at a later date and the
Corporation accepts such later date, the Board of Directors may fill the pending
vacancy before the effective date if it provides that the successor does not
take office until the effective date. An officer's resignation does not affect
the Corporation's contract rights, if any, with the officer. Any vacancy
occurring in any office of the Corporation by death, resignation, removal or
otherwise shall be filled by the Board of Directors or by such officer or agent
of the Corporation to whom the Board of Directors may expressly delegate such
authority.

         Section 6.5 Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall
perform such duties as may be delegated by the Board of Directors. The Chief
Executive Officer shall have general powers and duties of supervision and
management usually vested in the office of chief executive officer of a
corporation, including the authority to make contracts on behalf of the
Corporation in the ordinary course of the Corporation's business. The Chief
Executive Officer shall have general supervision, direction and control of the
business of the Corporation, and shall see that all orders and resolutions of
the Board of Directors are carried into effect. The Chief Executive Officer
shall execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts of the Corporation, except
where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed, and
except where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by
the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of the Corporation. The
Chief Executive Officer shall have such powers and duties as usually pertain to
such office, except as the same may be modified by the Board of Directors.

         Section 6.6. President. The President shall have general powers and
duties of supervision and management usually vested in the office of president
of a corporation, including the authority to make contracts on behalf of the
Corporation in the ordinary course of the Corporation's business. The President
shall have general supervision, direction and control of the business of the
Corporation, and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of
Directors are carried into effect. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board,
the President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of
Directors. The President shall execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts,
except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed,
and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated
by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of the Corporation. The
President shall have the power to appoint, remove and suspend subordinate
officers, agents and factors upon such terms and conditions as he deems
reasonable and appropriate. The President shall have such powers and duties as
usually pertain to such office, except as the same may be modified by the Board
of Directors.

         Section 6.7. Chief Financial Officer. The Board of Directors shall
designate a Chief Financial Officer from among the elected officers. In addition
to the duties set forth herein, said officer will have the responsibilities and
duties as set forth by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. At
each regularly scheduled Board of Directors meeting following each quarter end,
the Chief Financial Officer or his designee shall provide a report as to the
Corporation's financial condition and prospects, including but not limited to, a
discussion of all reasons for material increases in expenses and liabilities, if
any, and material decreases in revenues and earnings, if any, management plans
for ameliorating or reversing such negative trends and the success or failure of
any such plans presented in the past. The Chief Financial Officer shall also be
responsible for ensuring that the Corporation's related party transactions and
expense reporting policy (which policy shall conform to the requirements of
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in effect from time to time) is
implemented and utilized throughout the Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer
shall report to the Board of Directors on a semi-annual basis regarding the
implementation and operation of this policy. The Chief Financial Officer shall
ensure that the Corporation's related party transactions and expense reporting
policy is distributed to each employee of the Corporation who records or reviews
such transactions and/or expenses. Any questions regarding that policy, or its
application, shall be directed to the Chief Financial Officer.

                                      -12-

<PAGE>

         Section 6.8.  Vice Presidents. The Vice Presidents shall, in the
absence or disability of the President, perform the duties and exercise the
powers of the President as determined by the Board of Directors. They shall
perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors
may from time to time prescribe or as the Chief Executive Officer or President
may from time to time delegate.

         Section 6.9.  Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the
Board of Directors and stockholders, and record all the proceedings of such
meetings in a book to be kept for that purpose. The Secretary shall give, or
cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special
meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties and have
such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe or
as the Chief Executive Officer or President may from time to time delegate.

         Section 6.10. Assistant Secretaries. The Assistant Secretaries shall,
in the absence or disability of the Secretary, perform the duties and exercise
the power of the Secretary as determined by the Board of Directors. They shall
perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors
may from time to time prescribe or as the Chief Executive Officer or President
may from time to time delegate.

         Section 6.11. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have custody of the
corporate funds and securities, and shall keep full and accurate accounts of
receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation, and shall
deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of
the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of
Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be
ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such
disbursements, and shall render to the President and the Board of Directors at
its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of
all his or her transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the
Corporation. The Treasurer shall perform such other duties and have such other
authority and powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe
or as the Chief Executive Officer or President may from time to time delegate.

         Section 6.12. Assistant Treasurers. The Assistant Treasurers shall, in
the absence or disability of the Treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the
powers of the Treasurer as determined by the Board of Directors. They shall
perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors
may from time to time prescribe or the Chief Executive Officer or President may
from time to time delegate.

                                   ARTICLE VII
                                     SHARES

         Section 7.1.  Certificates For Shares. The shares of the Corporation
shall be represented by certificates which shall be in a form approved by the
Board of Directors and contain such information as may be required by the
Maryland General Corporation Law or any securities exchanges on which any shares
of the Corporation may be listed.

         Section 7.2.  Facsimile Signatures. Any or all the signatures on the
certificate may be facsimiles. In case any officer who has signed or whose
facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be
such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the
Corporation with the same effect as if he or she were such officer at the date
of issue.

         Section 7.3.  Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The Board of
Directors may determine the conditions for issuing a new stock certificate in
place of any certificate issued by the Corporation which is alleged to have been
lost, stolen or destroyed. The Board of Directors may require the owner of the
lost, stolen or destroyed certificate to give to the Corporation a bond with
sufficient surety to indemnify the Corporation against any loss or claim arising
as a result of the issuance of a new certificate. The issuance of a new
certificate under this Section 7.3 does not constitute an over issue of the
shares it represents.

         Section 7.4.  Transfer Of Shares. Upon surrender to the Corporation or
the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed
or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to
transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate to
the

                                      -13-

<PAGE>

person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction
upon its books.

         Section 7.5. Record Date For Notice and Voting. For the purpose of
determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of
stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may set a record
date or direct that the stock transfer books be closed for a stated period for
the purpose of making any proper determination with respect to stockholders. The
record date shall be not more than 90 days nor less than 10 days before the date
on which the action requiring the determination will be taken. The transfer
books may not be closed for a period longer than 20 days. If no record date is
fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be the later
of: (a) the close of business on the day on which notice of the meeting is
mailed; or (b) the 30th day before the meeting. A determination of stockholders
of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall
apply to any adjournment of the meeting not more than 120 days after the
original record date; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a
new record date of the adjourned meeting.

         Section 7.6. Record Date For Dividends. For the purpose of determining
stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or an allotment of any
rights, the record date is such date as is determined by the Board of Directors
in accordance with Section 2-511 of the Maryland General Corporation Law.

         Section 7.7. Stockholders Of Record. The Corporation shall be entitled
to recognize the exclusive rights of a person registered on its books as the
owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not
be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share
or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express
or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State
of Maryland.

         Section 7.8. Denial Of Preemptive Rights. No stockholder shall have any
preemptive right to subscribe to an additional issue of stock or to any security
convertible into such stock unless, and except to the extent that, such right is
expressly granted pursuant to the Charter.

                                  ARTICLE VIII
                               GENERAL PROVISIONS

         Section 8.1. Dividends and Distributions. Subject to the provisions of
the Charter and the Maryland General Corporation Law, the Board of Directors of
the Corporation may, at any regular or special meeting, authorize the payment of
dividends and other distributions upon the capital stock of the Corporation, as
and when the Board of Directors may deem expedient. Dividends and other
distributions may be paid in cash, property or shares of the Corporation,
subject to the provisions of Maryland General Corporation Law and the Charter.

         Section 8.2. Checks, Drafts, and Notes. All checks, drafts or other
orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness of the
Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or
persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.

         Section 8.3. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be
the calendar year, unless otherwise fixed by the Board of Directors.

         Section 8.4. Annual Statement Of Affairs. The President, or any other
executive officer of the Corporation designated by the Board of Directors, shall
prepare annually a full and correct statement of the affairs of the Corporation,
to include a balance sheet and a financial statement of operations for the
preceding fiscal year. The statement of affairs shall be submitted at the annual
meeting of stockholders and, within 20 days after such meeting, placed on file
at the principal office of the Corporation.

         Section 8.5. Statements From Stockholders. In order to maintain its
status as a real estate investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the "Code"), the Corporation shall demand annual written
statements from those stockholders of record disclosing the actual owners of the

                                      -14-

<PAGE>

shares of the Corporation to the extent required by Treasury Regulation Section
1.857-8(d). Such written statements from stockholders of record shall be
demanded by the Corporation within 30 days after the close of the Corporation's
taxable year. A list of the persons failing or refusing to comply in whole or in
part with the Corporation's demand for statements shall be maintained as part of
the Corporation's records. The Corporation shall also maintain, within the
Internal Revenue District in which it is required to file its federal income tax
return, permanent records showing the information it has received as to actual
ownership of those shares and a list of those persons failing or refusing to
comply with that demand. Stockholders of the Corporation shall comply with the
Corporation's demand for statements pursuant to Section 857 of the Code.

                                   ARTICLE IX
                                   AMENDMENTS

         The Board of Directors may amend or repeal any provision of these
Bylaws without the consent of the stockholders, unless (i) the Charter or the
Maryland General Corporation Law reserves this power exclusively to the
stockholders; or (ii) the stockholders, in amending or repealing a particular
bylaw, provide expressly that the Board of Directors may not amend or repeal
that particular bylaw. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of these Bylaws
(and notwithstanding the fact that a lesser percentage may be specified by law,
or these Bylaws) the affirmative vote of the holders of at least eighty percent
(80%) of the common stock and, if any, preferred stock entitled to vote, voting
together as a single class, shall be required in order for the stockholders to
amend or repeal any provision of these Bylaws.

                                    ARTICLE X
                                 EMERGENCY BYLAW

         In the event that a quorum of directors cannot be readily assembled
because of a catastrophic event, the Board of Directors may take action by the
affirmative vote of a majority of those directors present at a meeting and may
exercise any emergency power granted to a board of directors under the Maryland
General Corporation Law not inconsistent with this bylaw. If less than three
regularly elected directors are present, the director present having the
greatest seniority as a director may appoint one or more persons (not to exceed
the number most recently fixed by the Board pursuant to Section 3.2) from among
the officers or other executive employees of the Corporation to serve as
substitute directors. If no regularly elected director is present, the officer
present having the greatest seniority as an officer shall serve as a substitute
director, shall appoint up to four additional persons from among the officers or
other executive employees of the Corporation to serve as substitute directors.
Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called in an emergency by the
director or, if no director is present at the Corporation's principal offices,
by the officer present having the greatest seniority as an officer.

                                      -15-

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