Document:

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                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.7

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                    DEVELOPERS DIVERSIFIED REALTY CORPORATION

                                       TO

                               NATIONAL CITY BANK

                                     Trustee

                            -------------------------

                                    Indenture

                             Dated as of May 1, 1994

                            -------------------------

                             Senior Debt Securities

           -----------------------------------------------------------

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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
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         RECITALS OF THE COMPANY.................................................................................1

         ARTICLE ONE DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION.....................................1

         SECTION 101. Definitions................................................................................1

                  Act............................................................................................2
                  Additional Amounts.............................................................................2
                  Affiliate......................................................................................2
                  Authenticating Agent...........................................................................2
                  Authorized Newspaper...........................................................................2
                  Bankruptcy Law.................................................................................2
                  Bearer Security................................................................................2
                  Board of Directors.............................................................................2
                  Board Resolution...............................................................................2
                  Business Day...................................................................................2
                  CEDEL..........................................................................................3
                  Commission.....................................................................................3
                  Common Shares..................................................................................3
                  Company........................................................................................3
                  Company Request and Company Order..............................................................3
                  Consolidated Income Available for Debt Service.................................................3
                  Consolidated Net Income........................................................................3
                  Conversion Event...............................................................................3
                  Corporate Trust Office.........................................................................4
                  Corporation....................................................................................4
                  Coupon.........................................................................................4
                  Custodian......................................................................................4
                  Debt...........................................................................................4
                  Defaulted Interest.............................................................................4
                  Dollar or $....................................................................................4
                  ECU............................................................................................4
                  Euroclear......................................................................................4
                  European Communities...........................................................................4
                  European Monetary System.......................................................................4
                  Event of Default...............................................................................4
                  Foreign Currency...............................................................................4
                  Funds from Operations..........................................................................5
                  GAAP...........................................................................................5
                  Government Obligations.........................................................................5
                  Holder.........................................................................................5
                  Indenture......................................................................................5
                  Indexed Security...............................................................................6
                  Interest.......................................................................................6
                  Interest Payment Date..........................................................................6
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                  Maturity.......................................................................................6
                  Maximum Annual Service Charge..................................................................6
                  Officers' Certificate..........................................................................6
                  Opinion of Counsel.............................................................................6
                  Original Issue Discount Security...............................................................6
                  Outstanding....................................................................................6
                  Paying Agent...................................................................................8
                  Person.........................................................................................8
                  Place of Payment...............................................................................8
                  Predecessor Security...........................................................................8
                  Preferred Shares...............................................................................8
                  Redemption Date................................................................................8
                  Redemption Price...............................................................................8
                  Registered Security............................................................................8
                  Regular Record Date............................................................................8
                  Repayment Date.................................................................................8
                  Repayment Price................................................................................8
                  Responsible Officer............................................................................8
                  Security.......................................................................................9
                  Security Register and Security Registrar.......................................................9
                  Significant Subsidiary.........................................................................9
                  Special Record Date............................................................................9
                  Stated Maturity................................................................................9
                  Subsidiary.....................................................................................9
                  Trust Indenture Act or TIA.....................................................................9
                  Trustee........................................................................................9
                  Undepreciated Real Estate Assets...............................................................9
                  Unencumbered Real Estate Asset Value..........................................................10
                  United States.................................................................................10
                  United States person..........................................................................10
                  Yield to Maturity.............................................................................10

         SECTION 102. Compliance Certificates and Opinions......................................................10

         SECTION 103. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee....................................................11

         SECTION 104. Acts of Holders...........................................................................11

         SECTION 105. Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company.....................................................13

         SECTION 106. Notice to Holders; Waiver.................................................................13

         SECTION 107. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents..................................................14

         SECTION 108. Successors and Assigns....................................................................14

         SECTION 109. Separability Clause.......................................................................14

         SECTION 110. Benefits of Indenture.....................................................................14

         SECTION 111. Governing Law.............................................................................14
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         SECTION 112. Legal Holidays............................................................................14

         ARTICLE TWO SECURITIES FORMS...........................................................................15

         SECTION 201. Forms of Securities.......................................................................15

         SECTION 202. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication...........................................15

         SECTION 203. Securities Issuable in Global Form........................................................15

         ARTICLE THREE THE SECURITIES...........................................................................16

         SECTION 301. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series......................................................16

         SECTION 302. Denominations.............................................................................20

         SECTION 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating............................................20

         SECTION 304. Temporary Securities......................................................................22

         SECTION 305. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.......................................24

         SECTION 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities..........................................28

         SECTION 307. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved............................................29

         SECTION 308. Persons Deemed Owners.....................................................................31

         SECTION 309. Cancellation..............................................................................31

         SECTION 310. Computation of Interest...................................................................32

         ARTICLE FOUR SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE................................................................32

         SECTION 401. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture...................................................32

         SECTION 402. Application of Trust Funds................................................................33

         ARTICLE FIVE REMEDIES..................................................................................33

         SECTION 501. Events of Default.........................................................................33

         SECTION 502. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment........................................35

         SECTION 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee...........................36

         SECTION 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim..........................................................37

         SECTION 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities or Coupons....................38

         SECTION 506. Application of Money Collected............................................................38

         SECTION 507. Limitation on Suits.......................................................................38
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         SECTION 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium, if any, Interest and
                  Additional Amounts............................................................................39

         SECTION 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies........................................................39

         SECTION 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative............................................................39

         SECTION 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver..............................................................39

         SECTION 512. Control by Holders of Securities..........................................................40

         SECTION 513. Waiver of Past Defaults...................................................................40

         SECTION 514. Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws...................................................40

         SECTION 515. Undertaking for Costs.....................................................................41

         ARTICLE SIX THE TRUSTEE................................................................................41

         SECTION 601. Notice of Defaults........................................................................41

         SECTION 602. Certain Rights of Trustee.................................................................41

         SECTION 603. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities....................................43

         SECTION 604. May Hold Securities.......................................................................43

         SECTION 605. Money Held in Trust.......................................................................43

         SECTION 606. Compensation and Reimbursement............................................................43

         SECTION 607. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility; Conflicting Interests............................44

         SECTION 608. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.........................................44

         SECTION 609. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor....................................................45

         SECTION 610. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business...............................46

         SECTION 611. Appointment of Authenticating Agent.......................................................47

         ARTICLE SEVEN HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY........................................49

         SECTION 701. Disclosure of Names and Addresses of Holders..............................................49
         SECTION 702. Reports by Trustee........................................................................49

         SECTION 703. Reports by Company........................................................................49

         SECTION 704. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders.................................50

         ARTICLE EIGHT CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE, LEASE OR CONVEYANCE.........................................50
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         SECTION 801. Consolidations and Mergers of Company and Sales, Leases and Conveyances Permitted
                  Subject to Certain Conditions.................................................................50

         SECTION 802. Rights and Duties of Successor Corporation................................................51

         SECTION 803. Officers' Certificate and Opinion of Counsel..............................................51

         ARTICLE NINE SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES...................................................................51

         SECTION 901. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders........................................51

         SECTION 902. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders...........................................53

         SECTION 903. Execution of Supplemental Indentures......................................................54

         SECTION 904. Effect of Supplemental Indentures.........................................................54

         SECTION 905. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.......................................................54

         SECTION 906. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures........................................54

         ARTICLE TEN COVENANTS..................................................................................54

         SECTION 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium, if any, Interest and Additional Amounts...................54

         SECTION 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency..........................................................55

         SECTION 1003. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust........................................56

         SECTION 1004. Limitations on Incurrence of Debt........................................................58

         SECTION 1005. Restrictions on Dividends and Other Distributions........................................58

         SECTION 1006. Existence................................................................................59

         SECTION 1007. Maintenance of Properties................................................................59

         SECTION 1008. Insurance................................................................................59

         SECTION 1009. Payment of Taxes and Other Claims........................................................59

         SECTION 1010. Provision of Financial Information.......................................................59

         SECTION 1011. Maintenance of Unencumbered Real Estate Assets...........................................60

         SECTION 1012. Statement as to Compliance...............................................................60

         SECTION 1013. Additional Amounts.......................................................................60

         SECTION 1014. Waiver of Certain Covenants..............................................................61

         ARTICLE ELEVEN REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES................................................................61

         SECTION 1101. Applicability of Article.................................................................61
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         SECTION 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee....................................................61

         SECTION 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed........................................62

         SECTION 1104. Notice of Redemption.....................................................................62

         SECTION 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price..............................................................63

         SECTION 1106. Securities Payable on Redemption Date....................................................64

         SECTION 1107. Securities Redeemed in Part..............................................................65

         SECTION 1108. Conversion Arrangement on Call for Redemption............................................65

         ARTICLE TWELVE SINKING FUNDS...........................................................................65

         SECTION 1201. Applicability of Article.................................................................65

         SECTION 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities....................................66

         SECTION 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund................................................66

         ARTICLE THIRTEEN REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS....................................................67

         SECTION 1301. Applicability of Article.................................................................67

         SECTION 1302. Repayment of Securities..................................................................67

         SECTION 1303. Exercise of Option.......................................................................67

         SECTION 1304. When Securities Presented for Repayment Become Due and Payable...........................68

         SECTION 1305. Securities Repaid in Part................................................................69

         ARTICLE FOURTEEN DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE....................................................69

         SECTION 1401. Applicability of Article; Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant
                  Defeasance....................................................................................69

         SECTION 1402. Defeasance and Discharge.................................................................69

         SECTION 1403. Covenant Defeasance......................................................................70

         SECTION 1404. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance..........................................70

         SECTION 1405. Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Other
                  Miscellaneous Provisions......................................................................72

         ARTICLE FIFTEEN MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES......................................................73

         SECTION 1501. Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called................................................73

         SECTION 1502. Call, Notice and Place of Meetings.......................................................73

         SECTION 1503. Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings.....................................................73
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         SECTION 1504. Quorum; Action...........................................................................74

         SECTION 1505. Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings......................75

         SECTION 1506. Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings..........................................75
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TESTIMONIUM
SIGNATURES AND SEALS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
EXHIBIT A - FORMS OF CERTIFICATION

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                    DEVELOPERS DIVERSIFIED REALTY CORPORATION

           Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939
            (the "1939 Act") and Indenture, dated as of May 1, 1994

1939 Act Section                                       Indenture Section

Section 310(a)(1)....................................       607
           (a)(2)....................................       607
           (b).......................................       607, 608
Section 312(c).......................................       701
Section 313(a).......................................       702
           (c).......................................       702
Section 314(a).......................................       703
           (a)(4)....................................       1012
           (c)(1)....................................       102
           (c)(2)....................................       102
           (e).......................................       102
Section 315(b).......................................       601
Section 316(a) (last sentence).......................       101 ("Outstanding")
           (a)(1)(A).................................       502, 512
           (a)(1)(B).................................       513
           (b).......................................       508
Section 317(a)(1)....................................       503
           (a)(2)....................................       504
Section 318(a).......................................       111
           (c).......................................       111

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NOTE:    This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be
         a part of the Indenture.

         Attention should also be directed to Section 318(c) of the 1939 Act,
which provides that the provisions of Sections 310 to and including 317 of the
1939 Act are a part of and govern every qualified indenture, whether or not
physically contained therein.

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                  INDENTURE, dated as of May 1, 1994, between DEVELOPERS
DIVERSIFIED REALTY CORPORATION, an Ohio corporation (hereinafter called the
"Company"), having its principal office at 34555 Chagrin Boulevard, Moreland
Hills, Ohio 44022, and National City Bank,a national banking association
organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, as
Trustee hereunder (hereinafter called the "Trustee"), having its Corporate Trust
Office at 1900 East Ninth Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44114.

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

                  The Company deems it necessary to issue from time to time for
its lawful purposes senior debt securities (hereinafter called the "Securities")
evidencing its unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, and has duly
authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the
issuance from time to time of the Securities, unlimited as to principal amount,
to bear interest at the rates or formulas, to mature at such times and to have
such other provisions as shall be fixed as hereinafter provided.

                  This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, that are deemed to be incorporated into this
Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions.

                  All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement
of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

                  NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

                  For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of
the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for
the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities, as
follows:

                                  ARTICLE ONE

                  DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION
SECTION 101. DEFINITIONS. For all purposes of this Indenture, except as
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

                  (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings
         assigned to them in this Article, and include the plural as well as the
         singular;

                  (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the TIA,
         either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to
         them therein, and the terms "cash transaction" and "self-liquidating
         paper", as used in TIA Section 311, shall have the meanings assigned to
         them in the rules of the Commission adopted under the TIA;

                  (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the
         meanings assigned to them in accordance with GAAP; and

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                  (4) the words "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder" and other
         words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to
         any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

                  Certain terms used principally in Article Three, Article Five,
Article Six and Article Ten are defined in those Articles.

                  "ACT", when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning
specified in Section 104.

                  "ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS" means any additional amounts which are
required by a Security or by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, under
circumstances specified therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain
taxes imposed on certain Holders and which are owing to such Holders.

                  "AFFILIATE" of any specified Person means any other Person
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect
common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise;
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the
foregoing.

                  "AUTHENTICATING AGENT" means any authenticating agent
appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 611.

                  "AUTHORIZED NEWSPAPER" means a newspaper, printed in the
English language or in an official language of the country of publication,
customarily published on each Business Day, whether or not published on
Saturdays, Sundays or holidays, and of general circulation in each place in
connection with which the term is used or in the financial community of each
such place. Whenever successive publications are required to be made in
Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same or in
different Authorized Newspapers in the same city meeting the foregoing
requirements and in each case on any Business Day.

                  "BANKRUPTCY LAW" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

                  "BEARER SECURITY" means any Security established pursuant to
Section 201 which is payable to bearer.

                  "BOARD OF DIRECTORS" means the board of directors of the
Company, the executive committee or any committee of that board duly authorized
to act hereunder.

                  "BOARD RESOLUTION" means a copy of a resolution certified by
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted
by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

                  "BUSINESS DAY", when used with respect to any Place of Payment
or any other particular location referred to in this Indenture or in the
Securities, means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities
pursuant to Section 301, any day, other than a Saturday

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or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking
institutions in that Place of Payment or particular location are authorized or
required by law, regulation or executive order to close.

                  "CEDEL" means Centrale de Livraison de Valeurs Mobilieres,
S.A., or its successor.

                  "COMMISSION" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as
from time to time constituted, created under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, or, if at any time after execution of this instrument such
Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under
the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties on such date.

                  "COMMON SHARES" means, with respect to any Person, capital
stock issued by such Person other than Preferred Shares.

                  "COMPANY" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first
paragraph of this Indenture until a successor corporation shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor corporation.

                  "COMPANY REQUEST" and "COMPANY ORDER" mean, respectively, a
written request or order signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of
the Board, the President or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant
Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Company, and
delivered to the Trustee.

                  "CONSOLIDATED INCOME AVAILABLE FOR DEBT SERVICE" "Consolidated
Income Available for Debt Service" for any period means Consolidated Net Income
of the Company and its Subsidiaries (a) plus amounts which have been deducted
for (i) interest on Debt of the Company and its Subsidiaries, (ii) provision for
taxes of the Company and its Subsidiaries based on income, (iii) amortization of
debt discount, and (iv) depreciation and amortization, and (b) adjusted, as
appropriate, for (i) the effect of any noncash charge resulting from a change in
accounting principles in determining Consolidated Net Income for such period and
(ii) the effect of equity in net income or loss of joint ventures in which the
Company owns an interest to the extent not providing a source of, or requiring a
use of, cash, respectively.

                  "CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME" for any period means the amount of
consolidated net income (or loss) of the Company and its Subsidiaries for such
period determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.

                  "CONVERSION EVENT" means the cessation of use of (i) a Foreign
Currency both by the government of the country which issued such currency and
for the settlement of transactions by a central bank or other public
institutions of or within the international banking community, (ii) the ECU both
within the European Monetary System and for the settlement of transactions by
public institutions of or within the European Communities or (iii) any currency
unit (or composite currency) other than the ECU for the purposes for which it
was established.

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                  "CORPORATE TRUST OFFICE" means the office of the Trustee at
which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally
administered, which office at the date hereof is located at 1900 East Ninth
Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44114.

                  "CORPORATION" includes corporations, associations, companies
and business trusts.

                  "COUPON" means any interest coupon appertaining to a Bearer
Security.

                  "CUSTODIAN" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

                  "DEBT" of the Company or any Subsidiary means any indebtedness
of the Company or any Subsidiary, whether or not contingent, in respect of (i)
borrowed money or as evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or similar
instruments, (ii) indebtedness secured by any mortgage, pledge, lien, charge,
encumbrance or any security interest existing on property owned by the Company
or any Subsidiary, (iii) letters of credit or amounts representing the balance
deferred and unpaid of the purchase price of any property except any such
balance that constitutes an accrued expense or trade payable or (iv) any lease
of property by the Company or any Subsidiary as lessee which is reflected on the
Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as a capitalized lease in accordance with
GAAP, in the case of items of indebtedness under (i) through (iii) above to the
extent that any such items (other than letters of credit) would appear as a
liability on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet in accordance with GAAP,
and also includes, to the extent not otherwise included, any obligation by the
Company or any Subsidiary to be liable for, or to pay, as obligor, guarantor or
otherwise (other than for purposes of collection in the ordinary course of
business), indebtedness of another person (other than the Company or any
Subsidiary).

                  "DEFAULTED INTEREST" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

                  "DOLLAR" or "$" means a dollar or other equivalent unit in
such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time shall be
legal tender for the payment of public and private debts.

                  "ECU" means the European Currency Unit as defined and revised
from time to time by the Council of the European Communities.

                  "EUROCLEAR" means Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York,
Brussels Office, or its successor as operator of the Euroclear System.

                  "EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES" means the European Economic Community,
the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Atomic Energy Community.

                  "EUROPEAN MONETARY SYSTEM" means the European Monetary System
established by the Resolution of December 5, 1978 of the Council of the European
Communities.

                  "EVENT OF DEFAULT" has the meaning specified in Article Five.

                  "FOREIGN CURRENCY" means any currency, currency unit or
composite currency, including, without limitation, the ECU, issued by the
government of one or more countries other

                                      -4-
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than the United States of America or by any recognized confederation or
association of such governments.

                  "FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS" for any period means the Consolidated
Net Income of the Company and its Subsidiaries for such period without giving
effect to depreciation and amortization, gains or losses from extraordinary
items, gains or losses on sales of real estate, gains or losses on investments
in marketable securities and any provision/benefit for income taxes for such
period, plus funds from operations of unconsolidated joint ventures, all
determined on a consistent basis in accordance with GAAP.

                  "GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles, as in
effect from time to time, as used in the United States applied on a consistent
basis.

                  "GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS "means securities which are (i) direct
obligations of the United States of America or the government which issued the
Foreign Currency in which the Securities of a particular series are payable, for
the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of
a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality
of the United States of America or such government which issued the foreign
currency in which the Securities of such series are payable, the payment of
which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the
United States of America or such other government, which, in either case, are
not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also
include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with
respect to any such Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on
or principal of any such Government Obligation held by such custodian for the
account of the holder of a depository receipt, PROVIDED that (except as required
by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount
payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the
custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of
interest on or principal of the Government Obligation evidenced by such
depository receipt.

                  "HOLDER" means, in the case of a Registered Security, the
Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Security Register and, in
the case of a Bearer Security, the bearer thereof and, when used with respect to
any coupon, shall mean the bearer thereof.

                  "INDENTURE" means this instrument as originally executed or as
it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof,
and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities established as
contemplated by Section 301; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, if at any time more than
one Person is acting as Trustee under this instrument, "INDENTURE" shall mean,
with respect to any one or more series of Securities for which such Person is
Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time
be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered
into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and shall include the terms of
the or those particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee
established as contemplated by Section 301, exclusive, however, of any
provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of Securities for which
such Person is Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were
adopted, and exclusive of any provisions or terms adopted by means of one or
more indentures supplemental hereto executed and delivered

                                      -5-
<PAGE>

after such Person had become such Trustee but to which such Person, as such
Trustee, was not a party.

                  "INDEXED SECURITY" means a Security the terms of which provide
that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less
than the principal face amount thereof at original issuance.

                  "INTEREST", when used with respect to an Original Issue
Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, shall
mean interest payable after Maturity, and, when used with respect to a Security
which provides for the payment of Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 1012,
includes such Additional Amounts.

                  "INTEREST PAYMENT DATE", when used with respect to any
Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such
Security.

                  "MATURITY", when used with respect to any Security, means the
date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal
becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated
Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, notice of redemption, notice of
option to elect repayment or otherwise.

                  "MAXIMUM ANNUAL SERVICE CHARGE" as of any date means the
maximum amount which may become payable in any period of 12 consecutive calendar
months from such date for interest on, and required amortization of, Debt. The
amount payable for amortization shall include the amount of any sinking fund or
other analogous fund for the retirement of Debt and the amount payable on
account of principal on any such Debt which matures serially other than at the
final maturity date of such Debt.

                  "OFFICERS' CERTIFICATE" means a certificate signed by the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or a Vice President and by the
Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of
the Company, and delivered to the Trustee.

                  "OPINION OF COUNSEL" means a written opinion of counsel, who
may be counsel for the Company or who may be an employee of or other counsel for
the Company and who shall be satisfactory to the Trustee.

                  "ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT SECURITY" means any Security which
provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and
payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
Section 502.

                  "OUTSTANDING", when used with respect to Securities, means, as
of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture, EXCEPT:

                  (i) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or
         delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

                  (ii) Securities, or portions thereof, for whose payment or
         redemption or repayment at the option of the Holder money in the
         necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any
         Paying Agent (other than the Company) in

                                      -6-
<PAGE>

         trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the
         Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such
         Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto, PROVIDED that, if such
         Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly
         given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to
         the Trustee has been made;

                  (iii) Securities, except to the extent provided in Sections
         1402 and 1403, with respect to which the Company has effected
         defeasance and/or covenant defeasance as provided in Article Fourteen;

                  (iv) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 306
         or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been
         authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any
         such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to
         the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a
         bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid
         obligations of the Company; and

                  (v) Securities converted into Common Shares or Preferred
         Shares pursuant to or in accordance with this Indenture if the terms of
         such Securities provide for convertibility pursuant to Section 301;

PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder or are present at
a meeting of Holders for quorum purposes, and for the purpose of making the
calculations required by TIA Section 313, (i) the principal amount of an
Original Issue Discount Security that may be counted in making such
determination or calculation and that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such
purpose shall be equal to the amount of principal thereof that would be (or
shall have been declared to be) due and payable, at the time of such
determination, upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof
pursuant to Section 502, (ii) the principal amount of any Security denominated
in a Foreign Currency that may be counted in making such determination or
calculation and that shall be deemed Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal
to the Dollar equivalent, determined pursuant to Section 301 as of the date such
Security is originally issued by the Company, of the principal amount (or, in
the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the Dollar equivalent as of
such date of original issuance of the amount determined as provided in clause
(i) above) of such Security, (iii) the principal amount of any Indexed Security
that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall
be deemed outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the principal face
amount of such Indexed Security at original issuance, unless otherwise provided
with respect to such Security pursuant to Section 301, and (iv) Securities owned
by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the
Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be
Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected
in making such calculation or in relying upon any such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which the
Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which
have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee
establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act
with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any
other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such
other obligor.

                                      -7-
<PAGE>

                  "PAYING AGENT" means any Person authorized by the Company to
pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities or
coupons on behalf of the Company.

                  "PERSON" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint
venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

                  "PLACE OF PAYMENT", when used with respect to the Securities
of or within any series, means the place or places where the principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest on such Securities are payable as specified as
contemplated by Sections 301 and 1002.

                  "PREDECESSOR SECURITY" of any particular Security means every
previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced
by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any
Security authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in
lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or a Security to which a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains shall be deemed to
evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or
the Security to which the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon
appertains.

                  "PREFERRED SHARES" means, with respect to any Person, capital
stock issued by such Person that is entitled to a preference or priority over
any other capital stock issued by such Person upon any distribution of such
Person's assets, whether by dividend or upon liquidation.

                  "REDEMPTION DATE", when used with respect to any Security to
be redeemed, in whole or in part, means the date fixed for such redemption by or
pursuant to this Indenture.

                  "REDEMPTION PRICE", when used with respect to any Security to
be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this
Indenture.

                  "REGISTERED SECURITY" shall mean any Security which is
registered in the Security Register.

                  "REGULAR RECORD DATE" for the interest payable on any Interest
Payment Date on the Registered Securities of or within any series means the date
specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 301, whether or not a
Business Day.

                  "REPAYMENT DATE" means, when used with respect to any Security
to be repaid at the option of the Holder, the date fixed for such repayment by
or pursuant to this Indenture.

                  "REPAYMENT PRICE" means, when used with respect to any
Security to be repaid at the option of the Holder, the price at which it is to
be repaid by or pursuant to this Indenture.

                  "RESPONSIBLE OFFICER", when used with respect to the Trustee,
means the chairman or vice-chairman of the board of directors, the chairman or
vice-chairman of the executive committee of the board of directors, the
president, any vice president (whether or not designated by a number or a word
or words added before or after the title "vice president"), the secretary, any
assistant secretary, the treasurer, any assistant treasurer, the cashier, any
assistant

                                      -8-
<PAGE>

cashier, any trust officer or assistant trust officer, the controller or any
other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those
performed by any of the above designated officers.

                  "SECURITY" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this
Indenture and, more particularly, means any Security or Securities authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, if at any time
there is more than one Person acting as Trustee under this Indenture,
"Securities" with respect to the Indenture as to which such Person is Trustee
shall have the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and shall
more particularly mean Securities authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture, exclusive, however, of Securities of any series as to which such
Person is not Trustee.

                  "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the
respective meanings specified in Section 305.

                  "SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARY" means any Subsidiary which is a
"significant subsidiary" (as defined in Article I, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X,
promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933) of the Company.

                  "SPECIAL RECORD DATE" for the payment of any Defaulted
Interest on the Registered Securities of or within any series means a date fixed
by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

                  "STATED MATURITY", when used with respect to any Security or
any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date
specified in such Security or a coupon representing such installment of interest
as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of
principal or interest is due and payable.

                  "SUBSIDIARY" means a corporation a majority of the outstanding
voting stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or by one
or more other Subsidiaries of the Company. For the purposes of this definition,
"voting stock" means stock having voting power for the election of directors,
whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock has such voting
power by reason of any contingency.

                  "TRUST INDENTURE ACT" or "TIA" means the Trust Indenture Act
of 1939, as amended and as in force at the date as of which this Indenture was
executed, except as provided in Section 905.

                  "TRUSTEE" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first
paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Trustee shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if at any time there is more than one such Person,
"Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean only
the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

                  "UNDEPRECIATED REAL ESTATE ASSETS" means as of any date the
amount of real estate assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries on such date,
before depreciation and amortization determined on a consolidated basis in
accordance with GAAP.

                                      -9-
<PAGE>

                  "UNENCUMBERED REAL ESTATE ASSET VALUE" means as of any date
the sum of (i) the Company's Undepreciated Real Estate Assets as of the end of
the calendar quarter covered in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K or
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the case may be, most recently filed with the
Commission (or, if said filing is not required under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended, with the Trustee) prior to such date which Undepreciated
Real Estate Assets are unencumbered by any mortgage, lien, charge, pledge or
security interest and (ii) the purchase price of any real estate assets that are
unencumbered by any mortgage, lien, charge, pledge, or security interest and
were acquired by the Company or any Subsidiary since the end of such calendar
quarter.

                  "UNITED STATES" means, unless otherwise specified with respect
to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, the United States of America
(including the states and the District of Columbia), its territories, its
possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction.

                  "UNITED STATES PERSON" means, unless otherwise specified with
respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, an individual who is a
citizen or resident of the United States, a corporation, partnership or other
entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or an
estate or trust the income of which is subject to United States federal income
taxation regardless of its source.

                  "YIELD TO MATURITY" means the yield to maturity, computed at
the time of issuance of a Security (or, if applicable, at the most recent
redetermination of interest on such Security) and as set forth in such Security
in accordance with generally accepted United States bond yield computation
principles.

SECTION 102. COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS. Upon any application or
request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of
this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this
Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion
of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions
precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such
application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is
specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such
particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be
furnished.

                  Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (including certificates
delivered pursuant to Section 1011) shall include:

                  (1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate
         or opinion has read such condition or covenant and the definitions
         herein relating thereto;

                  (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
         examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions
         contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

                  (3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual,
         he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable
         him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such condition
         or covenant has been satisfied or complied with; and

                                      -10-
<PAGE>

                  (4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such
         individual, such condition or covenant has been satisfied or complied
         with.

                  SECTION 103. FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE. In any
case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an
opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be
certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they
be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify
or give an opinion as to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to
other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such
matters in one or several documents.

                  Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be
based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel, or a
certificate or representations by counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the
exercise of reasonable care should know, that the opinion, certificate or
representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or
opinion is based are erroneous. Any such Opinion of Counsel or certificate or
representations may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a
certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the
Company stating that the information as to such factual matters is in the
possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows that the certificate or
opinion or representations as to such matters are erroneous.

                  Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or
more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or
other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated
and form one instrument.

                  SECTION 104. ACTS OF HOLDERS. (a) Any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by
this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders of the Outstanding Securities of
all series or one or more series, as the case may be, may be embodied in and
evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by
such Holders in person or by agents duly appointed in writing. If Securities of
a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to
be given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series may, alternatively, be
embodied in and evidenced by the record of Holders of Securities of such series
voting in favor thereof, either in person or by proxies duly appointed in
writing, at any meeting of Holders of Securities of such series duly called and
held in accordance with the provisions of Article Fifteen, or a combination of
such instruments and any such record. Except as herein otherwise expressly
provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments
or record or both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly
required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record
(and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes
referred to as the "Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments
or so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or
of a writing appointing any such agent, or of the holding by any Person of a
Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and conclusive
in favor of the Trustee and the Company and any agent of the Trustee or the
Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section. The record of any
meeting of Holders of Securities shall be proved in the manner provided in
Section 1506.

                                      -11-
<PAGE>

                  (b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any
         such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness
         of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other
         officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying
         that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to
         him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting
         in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such certificate or
         affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his authority. The
         fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or
         the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in
         any other reasonable manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

                  (c) The ownership of Registered Securities shall be proved by
         the Security Register.

                  (d) The ownership of Bearer Securities may be proved by the
         production of such Bearer Securities or by a certificate executed, as
         depositary, by any trust company, bank, banker or other depositary,
         wherever situated, if such certificate shall be deemed by the Trustee
         to be satisfactory, showing that at the date therein mentioned such
         Person had on deposit with such depositary, or exhibited to it, the
         Bearer Securities therein described; or such facts may be proved by the
         certificate or affidavit of the Person holding such Bearer Securities,
         if such certificate or affidavit is deemed by the Trustee to be
         satisfactory. The Trustee and the Company may assume that such
         ownership of any Bearer Security continues until (1) another
         certificate or affidavit bearing a later date issued in respect of the
         same Bearer Security is produced, or (2) such Bearer Security is
         produced to the Trustee by some other Person, or (3) such Bearer
         Security is surrendered in exchange for a Registered Security, or (4)
         such Bearer Security is no longer Outstanding. The ownership of Bearer
         Securities may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee
         deems sufficient.

                  (e) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders of
         Registered Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction,
         notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may, at its option,
         in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, fix in advance a record date for
         the determination of Holders entitled to give such request, demand,
         authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the
         Company shall have no obligation to do so. Notwithstanding TIA Section
         316(c), such record date shall be the record date specified in or
         pursuant to such Board Resolution, which shall be a date not earlier
         than the date 30 days prior to the first solicitation of Holders
         generally in connection therewith and not later than the date such
         solicitation is completed. If such a record date is fixed, such
         request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
         other Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the
         Holders of record at the close of business on such record date shall be
         deemed to be Holders for the purposes of determining whether Holders of
         the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized or
         agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction,
         notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the
         Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of such record date;
         PROVIDED that no such authorization, agreement or consent by the
         Holders on such record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall
         become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later
         than eleven months after the record date.

                                      -12-
<PAGE>

                  (f) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
         consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind
         every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every
         Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in
         exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done,
         omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee, any Security Registrar,
         any Paying Agent, any Authenticating Agent or the Company in reliance
         thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such
         Security.

                  SECTION 105. NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY. Any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of
Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made
upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

                  (1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or
         filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office,
         Attention: Corporate Trust Administration, or

                  (2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein
         expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first class postage
         prepaid, to the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal
         office specified in the first paragraph of this Indenture or at any
         other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the
         Company.

                  SECTION 106. NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER. Where this Indenture
provides for notice of any event to Holders of Registered Securities by the
Company or the Trustee, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless
otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class
postage prepaid, to each such Holder affected by such event, at his address as
it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not
earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any
case where notice to Holders of Registered Securities is given by mail, neither
the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any
particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to
other Holders of Registered Securities or the sufficiency of any notice to
Holders of Bearer Securities given as provided herein. Any notice mailed to a
Holder in the manner herein prescribed shall be conclusively deemed to have been
received by such Holder, whether or not such Holder actually receives such
notice.

                  If by reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular
mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give
such notice by mail, then such notification to Holders of Registered Securities
as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient
notification to such Holders for every purpose hereunder.

                  Except as otherwise expressly provided herein or otherwise
specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, where this
Indenture provides for notice to Holders of Bearer Securities of any event, such
notice shall be sufficiently given if published in an Authorized Newspaper in
The City of New York and in such other city or cities as may be specified in
such Securities on a Business Day, such publication to be not later than the
latest date, and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving
of such notice. Any such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the date
of such publication or, if published more than once, on the date of the first
such publication.

                                      -13-
<PAGE>

                  If by reason of the suspension of publication of any
Authorized Newspaper or Authorized Newspapers or by reason of any other cause it
shall be impracticable to publish any notice to Holders of Bearer Securities as
provided above, then such notification to Holders of Bearer Securities as shall
be given with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute sufficient notice to
such Holders for every purpose hereunder. Neither the failure to give notice by
publication to any particular Holder of Bearer Securities as provided above, nor
any defect in any notice so published, shall affect the sufficiency of such
notice with respect to other Holders of Bearer Securities or the sufficiency of
any notice to Holders of Registered Securities given as provided herein.

                  Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent
or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English
language, except that any published notice may be in an official language of the
country of publication.

                  Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such
notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice,
either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of
such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but
such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action
taken in reliance upon such waiver.

                  SECTION 107. EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS. The
Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for
convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

                  SECTION 108. SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. All covenants and
agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and
assigns, whether so expressed or not.

                  SECTION 109. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE. In case any provision in
this Indenture or in any Security or coupon shall be invalid, illegal or
unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining
provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

                  SECTION 110. BENEFITS OF INDENTURE. Nothing in this Indenture
or in the Securities or coupons, express or implied, shall give to any Person,
other than the parties hereto, any Security Registrar, any Paying Agent, any
Authenticating Agent and their successors hereunder and the Holders any benefit
or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

                  SECTION 111. GOVERNING LAW. This Indenture and the Securities
and coupons shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the
State of Ohio. This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the TIA that are
required to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be
governed by such provisions.

                  SECTION 112. LEGAL HOLIDAYS. In any case where any Interest
Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date, sinking fund payment date, Stated
Maturity or Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of
Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any
Security or coupon other than a provision in the Securities of any series which
specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu hereof), payment of
interest or any Additional Amounts or principal (and premium, if any) need not
be

                                      -14-
<PAGE>

made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next
succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect
as if made on the Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date or
sinking fund payment date, or at the Stated Maturity or Maturity, PROVIDED that
no interest shall accrue on the amount so payable for the period from and after
such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date, sinking fund
payment date, Stated Maturity or Maturity, as the case may be.

                                  ARTICLE TWO

                                SECURITIES FORMS

                  SECTION 201. FORMS OF SECURITIES. The Registered Securities,
if any, of each series and the Bearer Securities, if any, of each series and
related coupons shall be in substantially the forms as shall be established in
one or more indentures supplemental hereto or approved from time to time by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution in accordance with Section 301, shall have such
appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are
required or permitted by this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto,
and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or
designation and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as the Company may
deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this
Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or
regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any stock
exchange on which the Securities may be listed, or to conform to usage.

                  Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301,
Bearer Securities shall have interest coupons attached.

                  The definitive Securities and coupons shall be printed,
lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods on a
steel engraved border or steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other
manner, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities or coupons,
as evidenced by their execution of such Securities or coupons.

                  SECTION 202. FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION.
Subject to Section 611, the Trustee's certificate of authentication shall be in
substantially the following form:

                  This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein
referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                      NATIONAL CITY BANK, as Trustee

                                      By:
                                         --------------------------------
                                      Authorized Officer

                  SECTION 203. SECURITIES ISSUABLE IN GLOBAL FORM. If Securities
of or within a series are issuable in global form, as specified as contemplated
by Section 301, then, notwithstanding clause (8) of Section 301 and the
provisions of Section 302, any such Security

                                      -15-
<PAGE>

shall represent such of the Outstanding Securities of such series as shall be
specified therein and may provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount
of Outstanding Securities of such series from time to time endorsed thereon and
that the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities of such series represented
thereby may from time to time be increased or decreased to reflect exchanges.
Any endorsement of a Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any
increase or decrease in the amount, of Outstanding Securities represented
thereby shall be made by the Trustee in such manner and upon instructions given
by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or in the Company Order
to be delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 303 or 304. Subject to the
provisions of Section 303 and, if applicable, Section 304, the Trustee shall
deliver and redeliver any Security in permanent global form in the manner and
upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the
applicable Company Order. If a Company Order pursuant to Section 303 or 304 has
been or is, delivered, any instructions by the Company with respect to
endorsement or delivery or redelivery of a Security in global form shall be in
writing but need not comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an
Opinion of Counsel.

                  The provisions of the last sentence of Section 303 shall apply
to any Security represented by a Security in global form if such Security was
never issued and sold by the Company and the Company delivers to the Trustee the
Security in global form together with written instructions (which need not
comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel)
with regard to the reduction in the principal amount of Securities represented
thereby, together with the written statement contemplated by the last sentence
of Section 303.

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 307, unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, payment of principal of and
any premium and interest on any Security in permanent global form shall be made
to the Person or Persons specified therein.

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 308 and except as
provided in the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of
the Company and the Trustee shall treat as the Holder of such principal amount
of Outstanding Securities represented by a permanent global Security (i) in the
case of a permanent global Security in registered form, the Holder of such
permanent global Security in registered form, or (ii) in the case of a permanent
global Security in bearer form, Euroclear or CEDEL.

                                 ARTICLE THREE

                                 THE SECURITIES

                  SECTION 301. AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES. The
aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

                  The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There
shall be established in one or more Board Resolutions or pursuant to authority
granted by one or more Board Resolutions and, subject to Section 303, set forth,
or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers' Certificate, or
established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance
of Securities of any series, any or all of the following, as applicable (each of
which

                                      -16-
<PAGE>

(except for the matters set forth in clauses (1), (2) and (15) below), if so
provided, may be determined from time to time by the Company with respect to
unissued Securities of the series when issued from time to time):

                  (1) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall
         distinguish the Securities of such series from all other series of
         Securities);

                  (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the
         Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under
         this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon
         registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other
         Securities of the series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906, 1107
         or 1305);

                  (3) the date or dates, or the method by which such date or
         dates will be determined, on which the principal of the Securities of
         the series shall be payable;

                  (4) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series
         shall bear interest, if any, or the method by which such rate or rates
         shall be determined, the date or dates from which such interest shall
         accrue or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined,
         the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable and
         the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on any
         Registered Security on any Interest Payment Date, or the method by
         which such date shall be determined, and the basis upon which interest
         shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve
         30-day months;

                  (5) the place or places, if any, other than or in addition to
         The Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, where the principal of
         (and premium, if any), interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if
         any, payable in respect of, Securities of the series shall be payable,
         any Registered Securities of the series may be surrendered for
         registration of transfer, exchange or conversion and notices or demands
         to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of the series and
         this Indenture may be served;

                  (6) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at
         which, the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite
         currency or currencies in which, and other terms and conditions upon
         which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at
         the option of the Company, if the Company is to have the option;

                  (7) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, repay or
         purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or
         analogous provision or at the option of a Holder thereof, and the
         period or periods within which or the date or dates on which, the price
         or prices at which, the currency or currencies, currency unit or units
         or composite currency or currencies in which, and other terms and
         conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed,
         repaid or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

                  (8) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral
         multiple thereof, the denominations in which any Registered Securities
         of the series shall be issuable and, if other than the denomination of
         $5,000, the denomination or denominations in which any Bearer
         Securities of the series shall be issuable;

                                      -17-
<PAGE>

                  (9) if other than the Trustee, the identity of each Security
         Registrar and/or Paying Agent;

                  (10) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion
         of the principal amount of Securities of the series that shall be
         payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof
         pursuant to Section 502 or, if applicable, the portion of the principal
         amount of Securities of the series that is convertible in accordance
         with the provisions of this Indenture, or the method by which such
         portion shall be determined;

                  (11) if other than Dollars, the Foreign Currency or Foreign
         Currencies in which payment of the principal of (and premium, if any)
         or interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on the Securities of the
         series shall be payable or in which the Securities of the series shall
         be denominated;

                  (12) whether the amount of payments of principal of (and
         premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Securities of the series
         may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method
         (which index, formula or method may be based, without limitation, on
         one or more currencies, currency units, composite currencies,
         commodities, equity indices or other indices), and the manner in which
         such amounts shall be determined;

                  (13) whether the principal of (and premium, if any) or
         interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on the Securities of the series
         are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof,
         in a currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite
         currency or currencies other than that in which such Securities are
         denominated or stated to be payable, the period or periods within
         which, and the terms and conditions upon which, such election may be
         made, and the time and manner of, and identity of the exchange rate
         agent with responsibility for, determining the exchange rate between
         the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite
         currency or currencies in which such Securities are denominated or
         stated to be payable and the currency or currencies, currency unit or
         units or composite currency or currencies in which such Securities are
         to be so payable;

                  (14) provisions, if any, granting special rights to the
         Holders of Securities of the series upon the occurrence of such events
         as may be specified;

                  (15) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the
         Events of Default or covenants of the Company with respect to
         Securities of the series, whether or not such Events of Default or
         covenants are consistent with the Events of Default or covenants set
         forth herein;

                  (16) whether Securities of the series are to be issuable as
         Registered Securities, Bearer Securities (with or without coupons) or
         both, any restrictions applicable to the offer, sale or delivery of
         Bearer Securities and the terms upon which Bearer Securities of the
         series may be exchanged for Registered Securities of the series and
         vice versa (if permitted by applicable laws and regulations), whether
         any Securities of the series are

                                      -18-
<PAGE>

         to be issuable initially in temporary global form and whether any
         Securities of the series are to be issuable in permanent global form
         with or without coupons and, if so, whether beneficial owners of
         interests in any such permanent global Security may exchange such
         interests for Securities of such series and of like tenor of any
         authorized form and denomination and the circumstances under which any
         such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner provided in
         Section 305, and, if Registered Securities of the series are to be
         issuable as a global Security, the identity of the depositary for such
         series;

                  (17) the date as of which any Bearer Securities of the series
         and any temporary global Security representing Outstanding Securities
         of the series shall be dated if other than the date of original
         issuance of the first Security of the series to be issued;

                  (18) the Person to whom any interest on any Registered
         Security of the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in
         whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is
         registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such
         interest, the manner in which, or the Person to whom, any interest on
         any Bearer Security of the series shall be payable, if otherwise than
         upon presentation and surrender of the coupons appertaining thereto as
         they severally mature, and the extent to which, or the manner in which,
         any interest payable on a temporary global Security on an Interest
         Payment Date will be paid if other than in the manner provided in
         Section 304;

                  (19) the applicability, if any, of Sections 1402 and/or 1403
         to the Securities of the series and any provisions in modification of,
         in addition to or in lieu of any of the provisions of Article Fourteen;

                  (20) if the Securities of such series are to be issuable in
         definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a
         temporary Security of such series) only upon receipt of certain
         certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions,
         then the form and/or terms of such certificates, documents or
         conditions;

                  (21) if the Securities of the series are to be issued upon the
         exercise of warrants, the time, manner and place for such Securities to
         be authenticated and delivered;

                  (22) whether and under what circumstances the Company will pay
         Additional Amounts as contemplated by Section 1012 on the Securities of
         the series to any Holder who is not a United States person (including
         any modification to the definition of such term) in respect of any tax,
         assessment or governmental charge and, if so, whether the Company will
         have the option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such
         Additional Amounts (and the terms of any such option);

                  (23) the obligation, if any, of the Company to permit the
         conversion of the Securities of such series into the Company's Common
         Shares or Preferred Shares (and the class thereof), as the case may be,
         and the terms and conditions upon which such conversion shall be
         effected (including, without limitation, the initial conversion price
         or rate, the conversion period, any adjustment of the applicable
         conversion price and any requirements relative to the reservation of
         such shares for purposes of conversion; and

                                      -19-
<PAGE>

         (24) any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be
         inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture).

                  All Securities of any one series and the coupons appertaining
to any Bearer Securities of such series shall be substantially identical except,
in the case of Registered Securities, as to denomination and except as may
otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such Board Resolution (subject to
Section 303) and set forth in such Officers' Certificate or in any such
indenture supplemental hereto. All Securities of any one series need not be
issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be
reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for issuances of additional
Securities of such series.

                  If any of the terms of the Securities of any series are
established by action taken pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions, a copy of
an appropriate record of such action(s) shall be certified by the Secretary or
an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior
to the delivery of the Officers' Certificate setting forth the terms of the
Securities of such series.

                  SECTION 302. DENOMINATIONS. The Securities of each series
shall be issuable in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by
Section 301. With respect to Securities of any series denominated in Dollars, in
the absence of any such provisions with respect to the Securities of any series,
the Registered Securities of such series, other than Registered Securities
issued in global form (which may be of any denomination), shall be issuable in
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof and the Bearer
Securities of such series, other than Bearer Securities issued in global form
(which may be of any denomination), shall be issuable in denominations of
$5,000.

                  SECTION 303. EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING.
The Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto shall be executed on behalf
of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, its President or one of its Vice
Presidents and attested by its Secretary or one of its Assistant Secretaries.
The signature of any of these officers on the Securities and coupons may be
manual or facsimile signatures of the present or any future such authorized
officer and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities.

                  Securities or coupons bearing the manual or facsimile
signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the
Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of
them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery
of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities
or coupons.

                  At any time and from time to time after the execution and
delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series,
together with any coupon appertaining thereto, executed by the Company to the
Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication
and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance with the Company
Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that,
in connection with its original issuance, no Bearer Security shall be mailed or
otherwise delivered to any location in the United States; and PROVIDED FURTHER
that, unless otherwise specified with respect to any series of Securities
pursuant to Section 301, a Bearer

                                      -20-
<PAGE>

Security may be delivered in connection with its original issuance only if the
Person entitled to receive such Bearer Security shall have furnished a
certificate to Euroclear or CEDEL, as the case may be, in the form set forth in
Exhibit A-1 to this Indenture or such other certificate as may be specified with
respect to any series of Securities pursuant to Section 301, dated no earlier
than 15 days prior to the earlier of the date on which such Bearer Security is
delivered and the date on which any temporary Security first becomes
exchangeable for such Bearer Security in accordance with the terms of such
temporary Security and this Indenture. If any Security shall be represented by a
permanent global Bearer Security, then, for purposes of this Section and Section
304, the notation of a beneficial owner's interest therein upon original
issuance of such Security or upon exchange of a portion of a temporary global
Security shall be deemed to be delivery in connection with its original issuance
of such beneficial owner's interest in such permanent global Security. Except as
permitted by Section 306, the Trustee shall not authenticate and deliver any
Bearer Security unless all appurtenant coupons for interest then matured have
been detached and cancelled.

                  If all the Securities of any series are not to be issued at
one time and if the Board Resolution or supplemental indenture establishing such
series shall so permit, such Company Order may set forth procedures acceptable
to the Trustee for the issuance of such Securities and determining the terms of
particular Securities of such series, such as interest rate or formula, maturity
date, date of issuance and date from which interest shall accrue. In
authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be
entitled to receive, and (subject to TIA Section 315(a) through 315(d)) shall be
fully protected in relying upon,

                  (i) an Opinion of Counsel stating that

                           (a) the form or forms of such Securities and any
                  coupons have been established in conformity with the
                  provisions of this Indenture;

                           (b) the terms of such Securities and any coupons have
                  been established in conformity with the provisions of this
                  Indenture; and

                           (c) such Securities, together with any coupons
                  appertaining thereto, when completed by appropriate insertions
                  and executed and delivered by the Company to the Trustee for
                  authentication in accordance with this Indenture,
                  authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in accordance with
                  this Indenture and issued by the Company in the manner and
                  subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of
                  Counsel, will constitute legal, valid and binding obligations
                  of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms,
                  except as limited by any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
                  reorganization, moratorium or similar laws relating to or
                  affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally and
                  general equitable principles; and

                  (ii) an Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions
         precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the issuance of
         the Securities have been complied with and that, to the best of the
         knowledge of the signers of such certificate, no Event of Default with
         respect to any of the Securities shall have occurred and be continuing.

                                      -21-
<PAGE>

If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties,
obligations or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise
in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 301 and of the
preceding paragraph, if all the Securities of any series are not to be issued at
one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver an Officers' Certificate
otherwise required pursuant to Section 301 or a Company Order, or an Opinion of
Counsel or an Officers' Certificate otherwise required pursuant to the preceding
paragraph at the time of issuance of each Security of such series, but such
order, opinion and certificates, with appropriate modifications to cover such
future issuances, shall be delivered at or before the time of issuance of the
first Security of such series.

                  Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its
authentication and each Bearer Security shall be dated as of the date specified
as contemplated by Section 301.

                  No Security or coupon shall be entitled to any benefit under
this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on
such Security or Security to which such coupon appertains a certificate of
authentication substantially in the form provided for herein duly executed by
the Trustee by manual signature of an authorized signatory, and such certificate
upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such
Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and is entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security
shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold
by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for
cancellation as provided in Section 309 together with a written statement (which
need not comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of
Counsel) stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the
Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never
to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled
to the benefits of this Indenture.

                  SECTION 304. TEMPORARY SECURITIES. (a) Pending the preparation
of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon
Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities
which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise
produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the
definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, in registered form, or,
if authorized, in bearer form with one or more coupons or without coupons, and
with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations
as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as conclusively
evidenced by their execution of such Securities. In the case of Securities of
any series, such temporary Securities may be in global form.

                  Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form
(which shall be exchanged in accordance with Section 304(b) or as otherwise
provided in or pursuant to a Board Resolution), if temporary Securities of any
series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of that series
to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive
Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be
exchangeable for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the
temporary Securities of such series at the office or agency of the Company in a
Place of Payment for that series, without charge to

                                      -22-
<PAGE>

the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary
Securities of any series (accompanied by any non-matured coupons appertaining
thereto), the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of definitive Securities of
the same series of authorized denominations; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no
definitive Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary
Registered Security; and PROVIDED FURTHER that a definitive Bearer Security
shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary Bearer Security only in
compliance with the conditions set forth in Section 303. Until so exchanged, the
temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same
benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series.

                  (b) Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to a Board
Resolution, this Section 304(b) shall govern the exchange of temporary
Securities issued in global form other than through the facilities of The
Depository Trust Company. If any such temporary Security is issued in global
form, then such temporary global Security shall, unless otherwise provided
therein, be delivered to the London office of a depositary or common depositary
(the "Common Depositary"), for the benefit of Euroclear and CEDEL, for credit to
the respective accounts of the beneficial owners of such Securities (or to such
other accounts as they may direct).

                  Without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the
date specified in, or determined pursuant to the terms of, any such temporary
global Security (the "Exchange Date"), the Company shall deliver to the Trustee
definitive Securities, in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of such temporary global Security, executed by the Company. On or after
the Exchange Date, such temporary global Security shall be surrendered by the
Common Depositary to the Trustee, as the Company's agent for such purpose, to be
exchanged, in whole or from time to time in part, for definitive Securities
without charge, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for
each portion of such temporary global Security, an equal aggregate principal
amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations
and of like tenor as the portion of such temporary global Security to be
exchanged. The definitive Securities to be delivered in exchange for any such
temporary global Security shall be in bearer form, registered form, permanent
global bearer form or permanent global registered form, or any combination
thereof, as specified as contemplated by Section 301, and, if any combination
thereof is so specified, as requested by the beneficial owner thereof; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that, unless otherwise specified in such temporary global Security,
upon such presentation by the Common Depositary, such temporary global Security
is accompanied by a certificate dated the Exchange Date or a subsequent date and
signed by Euroclear as to the portion of such temporary global Security held for
its account then to be exchanged and a certificate dated the Exchange Date or a
subsequent date and signed by CEDEL as to the portion of such temporary global
Security held for its account then to be exchanged, each in the form set forth
in Exhibit A-2 to this Indenture or in such other form as may be established
pursuant to Section 301; and PROVIDED FURTHER that definitive Bearer Securities
shall be delivered in exchange for a portion of a temporary global Security only
in compliance with the requirements of Section 303.

                  Unless otherwise specified in such temporary global Security,
the interest of a beneficial owner of Securities of a series in a temporary
global Security shall be exchanged for definitive Securities of the same series
and of like tenor following the Exchange Date when the account holder instructs
Euroclear or CEDEL, as the case may be, to request such exchange on

                                      -23-
<PAGE>

his behalf and delivers to Euroclear or CEDEL, as the case may be, a certificate
in the form set forth in Exhibit A-1 to this Indenture (or in such other form as
may be established pursuant to Section 301), dated no earlier than 15 days prior
to the Exchange Date, copies of which certificate shall be available from the
offices of Euroclear and CEDEL, the Trustee, any Authenticating Agent appointed
for such series of Securities and each Paying Agent. Unless otherwise specified
in such temporary global Security, any such exchange shall be made free of
charge to the beneficial owners of such temporary global Security, except that a
Person receiving definitive Securities must bear the cost of insurance, postage,
transportation and the like unless such Person takes delivery of such definitive
Securities in person at the offices of Euroclear or CEDEL. Definitive Securities
in bearer form to be delivered in exchange for any portion of a temporary global
Security shall be delivered only outside the United States.

                  Until exchanged in full as hereinabove provided, the temporary
Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits
under this Indenture as definitive Securities of the same series and of like
tenor authenticated and delivered hereunder, except that, unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301, interest payable on a temporary global
Security on an Interest Payment Date for Securities of such series occurring
prior to the applicable Exchange Date shall be payable to Euroclear and CEDEL on
such Interest Payment Date upon delivery by Euroclear and CEDEL to the Trustee
of a certificate or certificates in the form set forth in Exhibit A-2 to this
Indenture (or in such other forms as may be established pursuant to Section
301), for credit without further interest on or after such Interest Payment Date
to the respective accounts of Persons who are the beneficial owners of such
temporary global Security on such Interest Payment Date and who have each
delivered to Euroclear or CEDEL, as the case may be, a certificate dated no
earlier than 15 days prior to the Interest Payment Date occurring prior to such
Exchange Date in the form set forth as Exhibit A-1 to this Indenture (or in such
other forms as may be established pursuant to Section 301). Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary herein contained, the certifications made pursuant to
this paragraph shall satisfy the certification requirements of the preceding two
paragraphs of this Section 304(b) and of the third paragraph of Section 303 of
this Indenture and the interests of the Persons who are the beneficial owners of
the temporary global Security with respect to which such certification was made
will be exchanged for definitive Securities of the same series and of like tenor
on the Exchange Date or the date of certification if such date occurs after the
Exchange Date, without further act or deed by such beneficial owners. Except as
otherwise provided in this paragraph, no payments of principal or interest owing
with respect to a beneficial interest in a temporary global Security will be
made unless and until such interest in such temporary global Security shall have
been exchanged for an interest in a definitive Security. Any interest so
received by Euroclear and CEDEL and not paid as herein provided shall be
returned, prior to the expiration of two years after such Interest Payment Date,
(i) to the Trustee, in order to be repaid to the Company, if originally paid by
the Trustee, and (ii) to the Company if originally paid by the Company. The
Trustee shall be under no duty to make any inquiry of either Euroclear or CEDEL
as to whether any such interest remains unpaid.

                  SECTION 305. REGISTRATION, REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND
EXCHANGE. The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of
the Trustee or in any office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment a
register for each series of Securities (the registers maintained in such office
or in any such office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being
herein sometimes referred to collectively as the "Security Register") in which,

                                      -24-
<PAGE>

subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall
provide for the registration of Registered Securities and of transfers of
Registered Securities. The Security Register shall be in written form or any
other form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable
time. The Trustee, at its Corporate Trust Office, is hereby initially appointed
"Security Registrar" for the purpose of registering Registered Securities and
transfers of Registered Securities on such Security Register as herein provided.
In the event that the Trustee shall cease to be Security Registrar, it shall
have the right to examine the Security Register at all reasonable times.

                  Subject to the provisions of this Section 305, upon surrender
for registration of transfer of any Registered Security of any series at any
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, the
Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the
name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Registered
Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like
aggregate principal amount, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding,
and containing identical terms and provisions.

                  Subject to the provisions of this Section 305, at the option
of the Holder, Registered Securities of any series may be exchanged for other
Registered Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination or
denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount, containing identical
terms and provisions, upon surrender of the Registered Securities to be
exchanged at any such office or agency. Whenever any such Registered Securities
are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver, the Registered Securities which the Holder
making the exchange is entitled to receive. Unless otherwise specified with
respect to any series of Securities as contemplated by Section 301, Bearer
Securities may not be issued in exchange for Registered Securities.

                  If (but only if) permitted by the applicable Board Resolution
and (subject to Section 303) set forth in the applicable Officers' Certificate,
or in any indenture supplemental hereto, delivered as contemplated by Section
301, at the option of the Holder, Bearer Securities of any series may be
exchanged for Registered Securities of the same series of any authorized
denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor, upon surrender
of the Bearer Securities to be exchanged at any such office or agency, with all
unmatured coupons and all matured coupons in default thereto appertaining. If
the Holder of a Bearer Security is unable to produce any such unmatured coupon
or coupons or matured coupon or coupons in default, any such permitted exchange
may be effected if the Bearer Securities are accompanied by payment in funds
acceptable to the Company in an amount equal to the face amount of such missing
coupon or coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be
waived by the Company and the Trustee if there is furnished to them such
security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any Paying
Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender to any
Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which such a payment shall
have been made, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the portion of such
payment equal to the face amount of such surrendered coupon, PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
that, except as otherwise provided in Section 1002, interest represented by
coupons shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of those coupons
at an office or agency located outside the United States. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, in case a Bearer Security of any series is surrendered at any such
office or agency in a permitted exchange for a Registered Security of the same
series

                                      -25-
<PAGE>

and like tenor after the close of business at such office or agency on (i) any
Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency
on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date and
before the opening of business at such office or agency on the related proposed
date for payment of Defaulted Interest, such Bearer Security shall be
surrendered without the coupon relating to such Interest Payment Date or
proposed date for payment, as the case may be, and interest or Defaulted
Interest, as the case may be, will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date
or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of the Registered
Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but will be payable only
to the Holder of such coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this
Indenture. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company
shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities
which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

                  Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise specified
as contemplated by Section 301, any permanent global Security shall be
exchangeable only as provided in this paragraph. If the depositary for any
permanent global Security is The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), then, unless
the terms of such global Security expressly permit such global Security to be
exchanged in whole or in part for definitive Securities, a global Security may
be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to a nominee of DTC, or by a
nominee of DTC to DTC, or to a successor to DTC for such global Security
selected or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor to DTC. If
at any time DTC notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue
as depositary for the applicable global Security or Securities or if at any time
DTC ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 if so required by applicable law or regulation, the Company shall
appoint a successor depositary with respect to such global Security or
Securities. If (x) a successor depositary for such global Security or Securities
is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such
notice or becomes aware of such unwillingness, inability or ineligibility, (y)
an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the beneficial owners
representing a majority in principal amount of the applicable series of
Securities represented by such global Security or Securities advise DTC to cease
acting as depositary for such global Security or Securities or (z) the Company,
in its sole discretion, determines at any time that all Outstanding Securities
(but not less than all) of any series issued or issuable in the form of one or
more global Securities shall no longer be represented by such global Security or
Securities, then the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver, definitive Securities of like series, rank, tenor and terms in
definitive form in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount
of such global Security or Securities. If any beneficial owner of an interest in
a permanent global Security is otherwise entitled to exchange such interest for
Securities of such series and of like tenor and principal amount of another
authorized form and denomination, as specified as contemplated by Section 301
and provided that any applicable notice provided in the permanent global
Security shall have been given, then without unnecessary delay but in any event
not later than the earliest date on which such interest may be so exchanged, the
Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver,
definitive Securities in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of such beneficial owner's interest in such permanent global Security. On
or after the earliest date on which such interests may be so exchanged, such
permanent global Security shall be surrendered for exchange by DTC or such other
depositary as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to
the Trustee, as the Company's agent for such purpose; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no
such exchanges may occur

                                      -26-
<PAGE>

during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any
selection of Securities to be redeemed and ending on the relevant Redemption
Date if the Security for which exchange is requested may be among those selected
for redemption; and PROVIDED FURTHER that no Bearer Security delivered in
exchange for a portion of a permanent global Security shall be mailed or
otherwise delivered to any location in the United States. If a Registered
Security is issued in exchange for any portion of a permanent global Security
after the close of business at the office or agency where such exchange occurs
on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such office
or agency on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date
and the opening of business at such office or agency on the related proposed
date for payment of Defaulted Interest, interest or Defaulted Interest, as the
case may be, will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date
for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Registered Security, but
will be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as
the case may be, only to the Person to whom interest in respect of such portion
of such permanent global Security is payable in accordance with the provisions
of this Indenture.

                  All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing
the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the
Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

                  Every Registered Security presented or surrendered for
registration of transfer or for exchange or redemption shall (if so required by
the Company or the Security Registrar) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a
written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the
Security Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly
authorized in writing.

                  No service charge shall be made for any registration of
transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in
connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other
than exchanges pursuant to Section 304, 906, 1107 or 1305 not involving any
transfer.

                  The Company or the Trustee, as applicable, shall not be
required (i) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security if such
Security may be among those selected for redemption during a period beginning at
the opening of business 15 days before selection of the Securities to be
redeemed under Section 1103 and ending at the close of business on (A) if such
Securities are issuable only as Registered Securities, the day of the mailing of
the relevant notice of redemption and (B) if such Securities are issuable as
Bearer Securities, the day of the first publication of the relevant notice of
redemption or, if such Securities are also issuable as Registered Securities and
there is no publication, the mailing of the relevant notice of redemption, or
(ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Registered Security so selected
for redemption in whole or in part, except, in the case of any Registered
Security to be redeemed in part, the portion thereof not to be redeemed, or
(iii) to exchange any Bearer Security so selected for redemption except that
such a Bearer Security may be exchanged for a Registered Security of that series
and like tenor, PROVIDED that such Registered Security shall be simultaneously
surrendered for redemption, or (iv) to issue, register the transfer of or
exchange any Security

                                      -27-
<PAGE>

which has been surrendered for repayment at the option of the Holder, except the
portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid.

                  SECTION 306. MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES.
If any mutilated Security or a Security with a mutilated coupon appertaining to
it is surrendered to the Trustee or the Company, together with, in proper cases,
such security or indemnity as may be required by the Company or the Trustee to
save each of them or any agent of either of them harmless, the Company shall
execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a
new Security of the same series and principal amount, containing identical terms
and provisions and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, with
coupons corresponding to the coupons, if any, appertaining to the surrendered
Security.

                  If there shall be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee
(i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any
Security or coupon, and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by
them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the
absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security or coupon has
been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its
request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such
destroyed, lost or stolen Security or in exchange for the Security to which a
destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains (with all appurtenant coupons not
destroyed, lost or stolen), a new Security of the same series and principal
amount, containing identical terms and provisions and bearing a number not
contemporaneously outstanding, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if
any, appertaining to such destroyed, lost or stolen Security or to the Security
to which such destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains.

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of the previous two paragraphs,
in case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or coupon has
become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if
any, appertaining to such destroyed, lost or stolen Security or to the Security
to which such destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains, pay such Security or
coupon; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that payment of principal of (and premium, if any),
any interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to, Bearer Securities
shall, except as otherwise provided in Section 1002, be payable only at an
office or agency located outside the United States and, unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301, any interest on Bearer Securities
shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the coupons
appertaining thereto.

                  Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the
Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

                  Every new Security of any series with its coupons, if any,
issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen
Security, or in exchange for a Security to which a destroyed, lost or stolen
coupon appertains, shall constitute an original additional contractual
obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security
and its coupons, if any, or the destroyed, lost or stolen coupon shall be at any
time enforceable by anyone, and

                                      -28-
<PAGE>

shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series and their
coupons, if any, duly issued hereunder.

                  The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall
preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to
the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or
coupons.

                  SECTION 307. PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED.
Except as otherwise specified with respect to a series of Securities in
accordance with the provisions of Section 301, interest on any Registered
Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any
Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business
on the Regular Record Date for such interest at the office or agency of the
Company maintained for such purpose pursuant to Section 1002; PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
that each installment of interest on any Registered Security may at the
Company's option be paid by (i) mailing a check for such interest, payable to or
upon the written order of the Person entitled thereto pursuant to Section 308,
to the address of such Person as it appears on the Security Register or (ii)
transfer to an account maintained by the payee located inside the United States.

                  Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with
respect to the Securities of any series, payment of interest may be made, in the
case of a Bearer Security, by transfer to an account maintained by the payee
with a bank located outside the United States.

                  Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301,
every permanent global Security will provide that interest, if any, payable on
any Interest Payment Date will be paid to DTC, Euroclear and/or CEDEL, as the
case may be, with respect to that portion of such permanent global Security held
for its account by Cede & Co. or the Common Depositary, as the case may be, for
the purpose of permitting such party to credit the interest received by it in
respect of such permanent global Security to the accounts of the beneficial
owners thereof.

                  In case a Bearer Security of any series is surrendered in
exchange for a Registered Security of such series after the close of business
(at an office or agency in a Place of Payment for such series) on any Regular
Record Date and before the opening of business (at such office or agency) on the
next succeeding Interest Payment Date, such Bearer Security shall be surrendered
without the coupon relating to such Interest Payment Date and interest will not
be payable on such Interest Payment Date in respect of the Registered Security
issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but will be payable only to the
Holder of such coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this
Indenture.

                  Except as otherwise specified with respect to a series of
Securities in accordance with the provisions of Section 301, any interest on any
Registered Security of any series that is payable, but is not punctually paid or
duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein called "Defaulted
Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered Holder thereof
on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and
such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each
case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below:

                                      -29-
<PAGE>

                  (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted
         Interest to the Persons in whose names the Registered Securities of
         such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered
         at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of
         such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner.
         The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of
         Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Registered Security of
         such series and the date of the proposed payment (which shall not be
         less than 20 days after such notice is received by the Trustee), and at
         the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of
         money in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or
         composite currency or currencies in which the Securities of such series
         are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for
         the Securities of such series) equal to the aggregate amount proposed
         to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make
         arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit on or prior
         to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be
         held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted
         Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a
         Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which
         shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the
         date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the
         receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The
         Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date
         and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice
         of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special
         Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each
         Holder of Registered Securities of such series at his address as it
         appears in the Security Register not less than 10 days prior to such
         Special Record Date. The Trustee may, in its discretion, in the name
         and at the expense of the Company, cause a similar notice to be
         published at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in each Place of
         Payment, but such publications shall not be a condition precedent to
         the establishment of such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed
         payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor
         having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid
         to the Persons in whose names the Registered Securities of such series
         (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the
         close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be
         payable pursuant to the following clause (2). In case a Bearer Security
         of any series is surrendered at the office or agency in a Place of
         Payment for such series in exchange for a Registered Security of such
         series after the close of business at such office or agency on any
         Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such office
         or agency on the related proposed date for payment of Defaulted
         Interest, such Bearer Security shall be surrendered without the coupon
         relating to such proposed date of payment and Defaulted Interest will
         not be payable on such proposed date of payment in respect of the
         Registered Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but
         will be payable only to the Holder of such coupon when due in
         accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.

                  (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on
         the Registered Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not
         inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which
         such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required
         by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the

                                      -30-
<PAGE>

         Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of
         payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

                  Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and
Section 305, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of
transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the
rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such
other Security.

                  SECTION 308. PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS. Prior to due presentment
of a Registered Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee
and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name
such Registered Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the
purpose of receiving payment of principal of (and premium, if any), and (subject
to Sections 305 and 307) interest on, such Registered Security and for all other
purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Registered Security be overdue, and
neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee
shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

                  Title to any Bearer Security and any coupons appertaining
thereto shall pass by delivery. The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the
Company or the Trustee may treat the Holder of any Bearer Security and the
Holder of any coupon as the absolute owner of such Security or coupon for the
purpose of receiving payment thereof or on account thereof and for all other
purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security or coupon be overdue, and
neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee
shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

                  None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the
Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of
the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership
interests of a Security in global form or for maintaining, supervising or
reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

                  Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any global
Security, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee, or any agent of
the Company or the Trustee from giving effect to any written certification,
proxy or other authorization furnished by any depositary, as a Holder, with
respect to such global Security or impair, as between such depositary and owners
of beneficial interests in such global Security, the operation of customary
practices governing the exercise of the rights of such depositary (or its
nominee) as Holder of such global Security.

                  SECTION 309. CANCELLATION. All Securities and coupons
surrendered for payment, redemption, repayment at the option of the Holder,
registration of transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund
payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered
to the Trustee, and any such Securities and coupons surrendered directly to the
Trustee for any such purpose shall be promptly cancelled by it. The Company may
at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously
authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any
manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for
delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities previously
authenticated hereunder which the Company has not issued and sold, and all
Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. If the
Company shall so

                                      -31-
<PAGE>

acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a
redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities
unless and until the same are surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation. No
Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities
cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this
Indenture. Cancelled Securities and coupons held by the Trustee shall be
destroyed by the Trustee and the Trustee shall deliver a certificate of such
destruction to the Company, unless by a Company Order the Company directs their
return to it.

                  SECTION 310. COMPUTATION OF INTEREST. Except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to Securities of any
series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis
of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months.

                                  ARTICLE FOUR
                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

                  SECTION 401. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE. This
Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect with respect
to any series of Securities specified in such Company Request (except as to any
surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities of such
series herein expressly provided for and any right to receive Additional
Amounts, as provided in Section 1012), and the Trustee, upon receipt of a
Company Order, and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper
instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to
such series when

                  (1) either

                           (a) all Securities of such series theretofore
                  authenticated and delivered and all coupons, if any,
                  appertaining thereto (other than (i) coupons appertaining to
                  Bearer Securities surrendered for exchange for Registered
                  Securities and maturing after such exchange, whose surrender
                  is not required or has been waived as provided in Section 305,
                  (ii) Securities and coupons of such series which have been
                  destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid
                  as provided in Section 306, (iii) coupons appertaining to
                  Securities called for redemption and maturing after the
                  relevant Redemption Date, whose surrender has been waived as
                  provided in Section 1106, and (iv) Securities and coupons of
                  such series for whose payment money has theretofore been
                  deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the
                  Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged
                  from such trust, as provided in Section 1003) have been
                  delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

                           (b) all Securities of such series and, in the case of
                  (i) or (ii) below, any coupons appertaining thereto not
                  theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

                                    (i) have become due and payable, or

                                      -32-
<PAGE>

                                    (ii) will become due and payable at their
                           Stated Maturity within one year, or

                                    (iii) if redeemable at the option of the
                           Company, are to be called for redemption within one
                           year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
                           for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee
                           in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

                  and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has
                  irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the
                  Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose an amount in
                  the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or
                  composite currency or currencies in which the Securities of
                  such series are payable, sufficient to pay and discharge the
                  entire indebtedness on such Securities and such coupons not
                  theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for
                  principal (and premium, if any) and interest, and any
                  Additional Amounts with respect thereto, to the date of such
                  deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and
                  payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the
                  case may be;

                  (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums
         payable hereunder by the Company; and

                  (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
         precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and
         discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been complied with.

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under
Section 606, the obligations of the Company to any Authenticating Agent under
Section 611 and, if money shall have been deposited with and held by the Trustee
pursuant to subclause (B) of clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the
Trustee under Section 402 and the last paragraph of Section 1003 shall survive.

                  SECTION 402. APPLICATION OF TRUST FUNDS. Subject to the
provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money deposited with the
Trustee pursuant to Section 401 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in
accordance with the provisions of the Securities, the coupons and this
Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if
any), and any interest and Additional Amounts for whose payment such money has
been deposited with or received by the Trustee, but such money need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

                                  ARTICLE FIVE

                                    REMEDIES

                  SECTION 501. EVENTS OF DEFAULT. "Event of Default", wherever
used herein with respect to any particular series of Securities, means any one
of the following events

                                      -33-
<PAGE>

(whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether or not it shall be
voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any
judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any
administrative or governmental body):

                  (1) default in the payment of any interest upon or any
         Additional Amounts payable in respect of any Security of that series or
         of any coupon appertaining thereto, when such interest, Additional
         Amounts or coupon becomes due and payable, and continuance of such
         default for a period of 30 days; or

                  (2) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if
         any, on) any Security of that series when it becomes due and payable at
         its Maturity; or

                  (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when
         and as due by the terms of any Security of that series; or

                  (4) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or
         warranty of the Company in this Indenture with respect to any Security
         of that series (other than a covenant or warranty a default in whose
         performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section specifically
         dealt with), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of
         60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to
         the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the
         Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding
         Securities of that series a written notice specifying such default or
         breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is
         a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

                  (5) if any event of default under any bond, debenture, note or
         other evidence of indebtedness of the Company (including an event of
         default with respect to any other series of securities), or under any
         mortgage, indenture or other instrument of the Company under which
         there may be issued or by which there may be secured or evidenced any
         indebtedness of the Company (or by any Subsidiary, the repayment of
         which the Company has guaranteed or for which the Company is directly
         responsible or liable as obligor or guarantor), whether such
         indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created, shall happen and
         shall result in an aggregate principal amount exceeding $10,000,000
         becoming or being declared due and payable prior to the date on which
         it would otherwise have become due and payable, without such
         indebtedness having been discharged, or such acceleration having been
         waived, rescinded or annulled, within a period of 10 days after there
         shall have been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company
         by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at
         least 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
         series a written notice specifying such default and requiring the
         Company to cause such indebtedness to be discharged or cause such
         acceleration to be rescinded or annulled and stating that such notice
         is a "Notice of Default" hereunder. Subject to the provisions of
         Section 601, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of such
         default unless either (A) a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall
         have actual knowledge of such default or (B) the Trustee shall have
         received written notice thereof from the Company, from any Holder, from
         the holder of any such indebtedness or from the trustee under any such
         mortgage, indenture or other instrument; or

                                      -34-
<PAGE>

                  (6) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary of the Company
         pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:

                           (A) commences a voluntary case,

                           (B) consents to the entry of an order for relief
                  against it in an involuntary case,

                           (C) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it
                  or for all or substantially all of its property, or

                           (D) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its
                  creditors; or

                  (7) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or
         decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:

                           (A) is for relief against the Company or any
                  Significant Subsidiary of the Company in an involuntary case,

                           (B) appoints a Custodian of the Company or any
                  Significant Subsidiary of the Company or for all or
                  substantially all of either of its property, or

                           (C) orders the liquidation of the Company or any
                  Significant Subsidiary of the Company,

         and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days; or

                  (8) any other Event of Default provided with respect to
         Securities of that series.

As used in this Section 501, the term "Bankruptcy Law" means title 11, U.S. Code
or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors and the term
"Custodian" means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or other similar
official under any Bankruptcy Law.

                  SECTION 502. ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND
ANNULMENT. If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series at
the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then and in every such case the
Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal (or, if any
Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such
portion of the principal as may be specified in the terms thereof) of all the
Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in
writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by the Holders), and upon
any such declaration such principal or specified portion thereof shall become
immediately due and payable.

                  At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with
respect to Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or
decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as
hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the
Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its
consequences if:

                                      -35-
<PAGE>

                  (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum
         sufficient to pay in the currency, currency unit or composite currency
         in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise
         specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series):

                           (A) all overdue installments of interest on and any
                  Additional Amounts payable in respect of all Outstanding
                  Securities of that series and any related coupons,

                           (B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any
                  Outstanding Securities of that series which have become due
                  otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and
                  interest thereon at the rate or rates borne by or provided for
                  in such Securities,

                           (C) to the extent that payment of such interest is
                  lawful, interest upon overdue installments of interest and any
                  Additional Amounts at the rate or rates borne by or provided
                  for in such Securities, and

                           (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee
                  hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses,
                  disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and
                  counsel; and

                  (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that
         series, other than the nonpayment of the principal of (or premium, if
         any) or interest on Securities of that series which have become due
         solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived
         as provided in Section 513.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right
consequent thereon.

                  SECTION 503. COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR
         ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE. The Company covenants that if:

                  (1) default is made in the payment of any installment of
         interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on any Security of any series
         and any related coupon when such interest or Additional Amount becomes
         due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

                  (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or
         premium, if any, on) any Security of any series at its Maturity,

then the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the
benefit of the Holders of such Securities of such series and coupons, the whole
amount then due and payable on such Securities and coupons for principal (and
premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts, with interest upon any
overdue principal (and premium, if any) and, to the extent that payment of such
interest shall be legally enforceable, upon any overdue installments of interest
or Additional Amounts, if any, at the rate or rates borne by or provided for in
such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be
sufficient to cover the costs and

                                      -36-
<PAGE>

expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

                  If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such
demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may
institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and
unpaid, and may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may
enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities
of such series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the
manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor
upon such Securities of such series, wherever situated.

                  If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any
series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to
protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of
such series and any related coupons by such appropriate judicial proceedings as
the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights,
whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this
Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce
any other proper remedy.

                  SECTION 504. TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM. In case of the
pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy,
reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial
proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or
the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the
Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities of any series
shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or
otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on
the Company for the payment of overdue principal, premium, if any, or interest)
shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or
otherwise:

                  (i) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount, or such
         lesser amount as may be provided for in the Securities of such series,
         of principal (and premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts,
         if any, owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such
         other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to
         have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable
         compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its
         agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial
         proceeding, and

                  (ii) to collect and receive any moneys or other property
         payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator (or
other similar official) in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by
each Holder of Securities of such series and coupons to make such payments to
the Trustee, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of
such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to
it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
Trustee and any predecessor Trustee, their agents and counsel, and any other
amounts due the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee under Section 606.

                                      -37-
<PAGE>

                  Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the
Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder of
a Security or coupon any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or
composition affecting the Securities or coupons or the rights of any Holder
thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any
Holder of a Security or coupon in any such proceeding.

                  SECTION 505. TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF
SECURITIES OR COUPONS. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or
any of the Securities or coupons may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee
without the possession of any of the Securities or coupons or the production
thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted
by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust,
and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the
reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee,
its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the
Securities and coupons in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

                  SECTION 506. APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED. Any money
collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the
following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the
distribution of such money on account of principal (or premium, if any) or
interest and any Additional Amounts, upon presentation of the Securities or
coupons, or both, as the case may be, and the notation thereon of the payment if
only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

                  FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee and any
         predecessor Trustee under Section 606;

                  SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon
         the Securities and coupons for principal (and premium, if any) and
         interest and any Additional Amounts payable, in respect of which or for
         the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without
         preference or priority of any kind, according to the aggregate amounts
         due and payable on such Securities and coupons for principal (and
         premium, if any), interest and Additional Amounts, respectively; and

                  THIRD: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the
         Company.

                  SECTION 507. LIMITATION ON SUITS. No Holder of any Security of
any series or any related coupon shall have any right to institute any
proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the
appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless:

                  (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the
         Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities
         of that series;

                  (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of
         the Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written
         request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such
         Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

                                      -38-
<PAGE>

                  (3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee
         indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs,
         expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such
         request;

                  (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice,
         request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such
         proceeding; and

                  (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has
         been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a
         majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
         series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of
such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any
other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in
the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such
Holders.

                  SECTION 508. UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE
PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM, IF ANY, INTEREST AND ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS. Notwithstanding any
other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security or coupon shall
have the right which is absolute and unconditional to receive payment of the
principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Sections 305 and 307)
interest on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, such Security or payment
of such coupon on the respective due dates expressed in such Security or coupon
(or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to institute suit
for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired
without the consent of such Holder.

                  SECTION 509. RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES. If the
Trustee or any Holder of a Security or coupon has instituted any proceeding to
enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been
discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to
the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, the Company, the
Trustee and the Holders of Securities and coupons shall, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to
their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the
Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been
instituted.

                  SECTION 510. RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE. Except as
otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or coupons in the last paragraph of Section
306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to
the Holders of Securities or coupons is intended to be exclusive of any other
right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by
law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given
hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The
assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall
not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate
right or remedy.

                  SECTION 511. DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER. No delay or
omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security or coupon to exercise
any right or remedy accruing

                                      -39-
<PAGE>

upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a
waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and
remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be
exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the
Trustee or by the Holders of Securities or coupons, as the case may be.

                  SECTION 512. CONTROL BY HOLDERS OF SECURITIES. The Holders of
not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of
any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising
any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Securities of
such series, PROVIDED that

                  (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of
         law or with this Indenture,

                  (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the
         Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and

                  (3) the Trustee need not take any action which might involve
         it in personal liability or be unduly prejudicial to the Holders of
         Securities of such series not joining therein.

                  SECTION 513. WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS. The Holders of not less
than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series
may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series and any
related coupons waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and
its consequences, except a default

                  (1) in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
         interest on or Additional Amounts payable in respect of any Security of
         such series or any related coupons, or

                  (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under
         Article Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the
         Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

                  Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and
any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for
every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any
subsequent or other default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent
thereon.

                  SECTION 514. WAIVER OF USURY, STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS. The
Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at
any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the
benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever enacted, now
or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the
performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may
lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such
law, and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any
power herein granted to the Trustee,

                                      -40-
<PAGE>

but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such
law had been enacted.

                  SECTION 515. UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS. All parties to this
Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall
be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any
suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any
suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the
filing by any party litigant in such suit of any undertaking to pay the costs of
such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs,
including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit
having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by
such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any
suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group
of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the
enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest
on any Security on or after the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such
Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date).

                                  ARTICLE SIX

                                  THE TRUSTEE

                  SECTION 601. NOTICE OF DEFAULTS. Within 90 days after the
occurrence of any default hereunder with respect to the Securities of any
series, the Trustee shall transmit, in the manner and to the extent provided in
TIA Section 313(c), notice of such default hereunder known to the Trustee,
unless such default shall have been cured or waived; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that,
except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium,
if any) or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security of
such series, or in the payment of any sinking fund installment with respect to
the Securities of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding
such notice if and so long as Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith
determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the Holders
of the Securities and coupons of such series; and PROVIDED FURTHER that in the
case of any default or breach of the character specified in Section 501(4) with
respect to the Securities and coupons of such series, no such notice to Holders
shall be given until at least 60 days after the occurrence thereof. For the
purpose of this Section, the term "default" means any event which is, or after
notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect
to the Securities of such series.

                  SECTION 602. CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE. Subject to the
provisions of TIA Section 315(a) through 315(d):

                  (1) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or
         refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
         instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent,
         order, bond, debenture, note, coupon or other paper or document
         believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by
         the proper party or parties;

                                      -41-
<PAGE>

                  (2) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein
         shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order
         (other than delivery of any Security, together with any coupons
         appertaining thereto, to the Trustee for authentication and delivery
         pursuant to Section 303 which shall be sufficiently evidenced as
         provided therein) and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be
         sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

                  (3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the
         Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established
         prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the
         Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may,
         in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers'
         Certificate;

                  (4) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of
         such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete
         authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered
         or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

                  (5) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any
         of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request
         or direction of any of the Holders of Securities of any series or any
         related coupons pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall
         have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably
         satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities
         which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or
         direction;

                  (6) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation
         into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate,
         statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction,
         consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon or other paper or
         document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further
         inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit,
         and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or
         investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and
         premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;

                  (7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers
         hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or
         through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible
         for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney
         appointed with due care by it hereunder; and

                  (8) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken,
         suffered or omitted by it in good faith and reasonably believed by it
         to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred
         upon it by this Indenture.

                  The Trustee shall not be required to expend or risk its own
funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of
its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it
shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or
adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to
it.

                                      -42-
<PAGE>

                  Except during the continuance of an Event of Default, the
Trustee undertakes to perform only such duties as are specifically set forth in
this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this
Indenture against the Trustee.

                  SECTION 603. NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF
SECURITIES. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the
Trustee's certificate of authentication, and in any coupons shall be taken as
the statements of the Company, and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating
Agent assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no
representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the
Securities or coupons, except that the Trustee represents that it is duly
authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture, authenticate the Securities
and perform its obligations hereunder. Neither the Trustee nor any
Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the
Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

                  SECTION 604. MAY HOLD SECURITIES. The Trustee, any Paying
Agent, Security Registrar, Authenticating Agent or any other agent of the
Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or
pledgee of Securities and coupons and, subject to TIA Sections 310(b) and 311,
may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it
were not Trustee, Paying Agent, Security Registrar, Authenticating Agent or such
other agent.

                  SECTION 605. MONEY HELD IN TRUST. Money held by the Trustee in
trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent
required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any
money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed in writing with the
Company.

                  SECTION 606. COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT. The Company
agrees:

                  (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable
         compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder (which
         compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to
         the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

                  (2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to
         reimburse each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee upon its
         request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances
         incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of
         this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses
         and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense,
         disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its negligence or bad
         faith; and

                  (3) to indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor
         Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or
         expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on its own part,
         arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration
         of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of
         defending itself against any claim or liability in connection with the
         exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder.

                  When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in
connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 501(6) or Section
501(7), the expenses (including the reasonable

                                      -43-
<PAGE>

charges and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for the services are
intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable Federal
or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law.

                  As security for the performance of the obligations of the
Company under this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the
Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such,
except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of (or premium, if any)
or interest on particular Securities or any coupons.

                  The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination
of this Indenture.

                  SECTION 607. CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY;
CONFLICTING INTERESTS. There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which
shall be eligible to act as Trustee under TIA Section 310(a)(1) and shall have a
combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. If such corporation
publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or the
requirements of Federal, State, Territorial or District of Columbia supervising
or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined
capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined
capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so
published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance
with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner
and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

                  SECTION 608. RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF
SUCCESSOR. (a) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a
successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the
acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the
applicable requirements of Section 609.

                  (b) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the
         Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to
         the Company. If an instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee
         shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the
         giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may
         petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a
         successor Trustee.

                  (c) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the
         Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in
         principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered
         to the Trustee and to the Company.

                  (d) If at any time:

                  (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of
         TIA Section 310(b) after written request therefor by the Company or by
         any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security
         for at least six months, or

                  (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 607
         and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company
         or by any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a
         Security for at least six months, or

                                      -44-
<PAGE>

                  (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be
         adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its
         property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or
         control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of
         rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation,

then, in any such case, (i) the Company by or pursuant to a Board Resolution may
remove the Trustee and appoint a successor Trustee with respect to all
Securities, or (ii) subject to TIA Section 315(e), any Holder of a Security who
has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf
of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and
the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

                  (e) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become
incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for
any cause with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by
or pursuant to a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or
Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being
understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the
Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall
be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series).
If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the
occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the
Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall,
forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment, become the successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the
successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or
the Holders of Securities and accepted appointment in the manner hereinafter
provided, any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security
of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others
similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the
appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to Securities of such series.

                  (f) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each
removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each
appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series
in the manner provided for notices to the Holders of Securities in Section 106.
Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

                  SECTION 609. ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR. (a) In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all
Securities, every such successor Trustee shall execute, acknowledge and deliver
to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such
appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee
shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed
or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and
duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on request of the Company or the successor
Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and
deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights,
powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee, and shall duly assign, transfer and

                                      -45-
<PAGE>

deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring
Trustee hereunder, subject nevertheless to its lien and claim, if any, provided
for in Section 606.

                  (b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the
Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture
supplemental hereto, pursuant to Article Nine hereof, wherein each successor
Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such
provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to
vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the
retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which
the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee
is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as
shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue
to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the
provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate
the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being
understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall
constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such
Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from
any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon
the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or
removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided
therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of
the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those
series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

                  (c) Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company
shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in
and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts
referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

                  (d) No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless
at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and
eligible under this Article.

                  SECTION 610. MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION
TO BUSINESS. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted
or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any
merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or
any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust
business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder,
PROVIDED such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this
Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the
part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities or coupons shall have
been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any
successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee
may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities or coupons so
authenticated with the same

                                      -46-
<PAGE>

effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities or
coupons. In case any Securities or coupons shall not have been authenticated by
such predecessor Trustee, any such successor Trustee may authenticate and
deliver such Securities or coupons, in either its own name or that of its
predecessor Trustee, with the full force and effect which this Indenture
provides for the certificate of authentication of the Trustee.

                  SECTION 611. APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT. At any time
when any of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Trustee may appoint an
Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series of Securities
which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of such series issued upon exchange, registration of transfer or
partial redemption or repayment thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall
be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory
for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Any such
appointment shall be evidenced by an instrument in writing signed by a
Responsible Officer of the Trustee, a copy of which instrument shall be promptly
furnished to the Company. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the
authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee's
certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include
authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent
and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the
Company and shall at all times be a bank or trust company or corporation
organized and doing business and in good standing under the laws of the United
States of America or of any State or the District of Columbia, authorized under
such laws to act as Authenticating Agent, having a combined capital and surplus
of not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by
Federal or State authorities. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of
condition at least annually, pursuant to law or the requirements of the
aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this
Section, the combined capital and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be
deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent
report of condition so published. In case at any time an Authenticating Agent
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section,
such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the
effect specified in this Section.

                  Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be
merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation
resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such
Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the
corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall
continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be
otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any
paper or further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

                  An Authenticating Agent for any series of Securities may at
any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee for such
series and to the Company. The Trustee for any series of Securities may at any
time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of
termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such
a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee for such series may appoint a successor
Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give
notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities

                                      -47-
<PAGE>

of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve in the
manner set forth in Section 106. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon
acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights,
powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if
originally named as an Authenticating Agent herein. No successor Authenticating
Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

                  The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from
time to time reasonable compensation including reimbursement of its reasonable
expenses for its services under this Section.

                  If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made
pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed
thereon, in addition to or in lieu of the Trustee's certificate of
authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication substantially in the
following form:

                                      -48-
<PAGE>

                  This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein
referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                        NATIONAL CITY BANK, as Trustee

                                        By:                                  ,
                                          -----------------------------------
                                        as Authenticating Agent

                                        By:
                                          -----------------------------------
                                        Authorized Officer

                                 ARTICLE SEVEN

                HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

                  SECTION 701. DISCLOSURE OF NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS.
Every Holder of Securities or coupons, by receiving and holding the same, agrees
with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor
any Authenticating Agent nor any Paying Agent nor any Security Registrar shall
be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any information as to the
names and addresses of the Holders of Securities in accordance with TIA Section
312, regardless of the source from which such information was derived, and that
the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material
pursuant to a request made under TIA Section 312(b).

                  SECTION 702. REPORTS BY TRUSTEE. Within 60 days after May 15
of each year commencing with the first May 15 after the first issuance of
Securities pursuant to this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all
Holders of Securities as provided in TIA Section 313(c) a brief report dated as
of such May 15 if required by TIA Section 313(a).

                  SECTION 703. REPORTS BY COMPANY.

                    The Company will:

                  (1) file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is
         required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual
         reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies
         of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from
         time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may
         be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or
         Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; or, if the
         Company is not required to file information, documents or reports
         pursuant to either of such Sections, then it will file with the Trustee
         and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed
         from time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and
         periodic information, documents and reports which may be required
         pursuant to Section 13 of the

                                      -49-
<PAGE>

         Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in respect of a security listed and
         registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed from
         time to time in such rules and regulations;

                  (2) file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance
         with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
         Commission, such additional information, documents and reports with
         respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants
         of this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules
         and regulations; and

                  (3) transmit by mail to the Holders of Securities, within 30
         days after the filing thereof with the Trustee, in the manner and to
         the extent provided in TIA Section 313(c), such summaries of any
         information, documents and reports required to be filed by the Company
         pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Section as may be required
         by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
         Commission.

                  SECTION 704. COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF
HOLDERS. The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

                  (a) semi-annually, not later than 15 days after the Regular
         Record Date for interest for each series of Securities, a list, in such
         form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses
         of the Holders of Registered Securities of such series as of such
         Regular Record Date, or if there is no Regular Record Date for interest
         for such series of Securities, semi-annually, upon such dates as are
         set forth in the Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto
         authorizing such series, and

                  (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing,
         within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a
         list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days
         prior to the time such list is furnished, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, so
         long as the Trustee is the Security Registrar, no such list shall be
         required to be furnished.

                                 ARTICLE EIGHT
                CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE, LEASE OR CONVEYANCE

                  SECTION 801. CONSOLIDATIONS AND MERGERS OF COMPANY AND SALES,
LEASES AND CONVEYANCES PERMITTED SUBJECT TO CERTAIN CONDITIONS. The Company may
consolidate with, or sell, lease or convey all or substantially all of its
assets to, or merge with or into any other corporation, provided that in any
such case, (i) either the Company shall be the continuing corporation, or the
successor corporation shall be a corporation organized and existing under the
laws of the United States or a State thereof and such successor corporation
shall expressly assume the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and
premium, if any) and any interest on and all Additional Amounts, if any, payable
in respect of, all of the Securities, according to their tenor, and the due and
punctual performance and observance of all of the covenants and conditions of
this Indenture to be performed by the Company by supplemental indenture,
complying with Article Nine hereof, satisfactory to the Trustee, executed and
delivered to the Trustee by such corporation and (ii) immediately after giving
effect to such transaction and

                                      -50-
<PAGE>

treating any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or any
Subsidiary as a result thereof as having been incurred by the Company or such
Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event
which, after notice or the lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of
Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.

                  SECTION 802. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF SUCCESSOR CORPORATION. In
case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, lease or conveyance and upon any
such assumption by the successor corporation, such successor corporation shall
succeed to and be substituted for the Company, with the same effect as if it had
been named herein as the party of the first part, and the predecessor
corporation, except in the event of a lease, shall be relieved of any further
obligation under this Indenture and the Securities. Such successor corporation
thereupon may cause to be signed, and may issue either in its own name or in the
name of the Company, any or all of the Securities issuable hereunder which
theretofore shall not have been signed by the Company and delivered to the
Trustee; and, upon the order of such successor corporation, instead of the
Company, and subject to all the terms, conditions and limitations in this
Indenture prescribed, the Trustee shall authenticate and shall deliver any
Securities which previously shall have been signed and delivered by the officers
of the Company to the Trustee for authentication, and any Securities which such
successor corporation thereafter shall cause to be signed and delivered to the
Trustee for that purpose. All the Securities so issued shall in all respects
have the same legal rank and benefit under this Indenture as the Securities
theretofore or thereafter issued in accordance with the terms of this Indenture
as though all of such Securities had been issued at the date of the execution
hereof.

                  In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, lease or
conveyance, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be
made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.

                  SECTION 803. OFFICERS' CERTIFICATE AND OPINION OF COUNSEL. Any
consolidation, merger, sale, lease or conveyance permitted under Section 801 is
also subject to the condition that the Trustee receive an Officers' Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that any such consolidation, merger,
sale, lease or conveyance, and the assumption by any successor corporation,
complies with the provisions of this Article and that all conditions precedent
herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.

                                  ARTICLE NINE

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

                  SECTION 901. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF
HOLDERS. Without the consent of any Holders of Securities or coupons, the
Company, when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and the Trustee,
at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the
following purposes:

                  (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the
         Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of
         the Company herein and in the Securities contained; or

                                      -51-
<PAGE>

                  (2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of
         the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants
         are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities,
         stating that such covenants are expressly being included solely for the
         benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein
         conferred upon the Company; or

                  (3) to add any additional Events of Default for the benefit of
         the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such Events of
         Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of
         Securities, stating that such Events of Default are expressly being
         included solely for the benefit of such series); PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
         that in respect of any such additional Events of Default such
         supplemental indenture may provide for a particular period of grace
         after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed
         in the case of other defaults) or may provide for an immediate
         enforcement upon such default or may limit the remedies available to
         the Trustee upon such default or may limit the right of the Holders of
         a majority in aggregate principal amount of that or those series of
         Securities to which such additional Events of Default apply to waive
         such default; or

                  (4) to add to or change any of the provisions of this
         Indenture to provide that Bearer Securities may be registrable as to
         principal, to change or eliminate any restrictions on the payment of
         principal of or any premium or interest on Bearer Securities, to permit
         Bearer Securities to be issued in exchange for Registered Securities,
         to permit Bearer Securities to be issued in exchange for Bearer
         Securities of other authorized denominations or to permit or facilitate
         the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form, PROVIDED that any
         such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of
         Securities of any series or any related coupons in any material
         respect; or

                  (5) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this
         Indenture, PROVIDED that any such change or elimination shall become
         effective only when there is no Security Outstanding of any series
         created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture which is
         entitled to the benefit of such provision; or

                  (6) to secure the Securities; or

                  (7) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series
         and any related coupons as permitted by Sections 201 and 301, including
         the provisions and procedures relating to Securities convertible into
         Common Shares or Preferred Shares, as the case may be; or

                  (8) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment
         hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one
         or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this
         Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the
         administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee; or

                  (9) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any
         provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other
         provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to
         matters or questions arising under this Indenture which shall

                                      -52-
<PAGE>

         not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, PROVIDED
         such provisions shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders
         of Securities of any series or any related coupons in any material
         respect; or

                  (10) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to
         such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the
         defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to
         Sections 401, 1402 and 1403; PROVIDED that any such action shall not
         adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such
         series and any related coupons or any other series of Securities in any
         material respect.

                  SECTION 902. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS.
With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount
of all Outstanding Securities affected by such supplemental indenture, by Act of
said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when
authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into
an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any
provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of
this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of
Securities and any related coupons under this Indenture; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that
no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security affected thereby:

                  (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of (or
         premium, if any, on) or any installment of principal of or interest on,
         any Security; or reduce the principal amount thereof or the rate or
         amount of interest thereon or any Additional Amounts payable in respect
         thereof, or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or change
         any obligation of the Company to pay Additional Amounts pursuant to
         Section 1012 (except as contemplated by Section 801 and permitted by
         Section 901), or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original
         Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon a
         declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section
         502 or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section
         504, or adversely affect any right of repayment at the option of the
         Holder of any Security, or change any Place of Payment where, or the
         currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or
         currencies in which, any Security or any premium or the interest
         thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the
         enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof
         (or, in the case of redemption or repayment at the option of the
         Holder, on or after the Redemption Date or the Repayment Date, as the
         case may be), or

                  (2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the
         Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is
         required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose
         Holders is required for any waiver with respect to such series (or
         compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain
         defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this
         Indenture, or reduce the requirements of Section 1504 for quorum or
         voting, or

                  (3) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 513
         or Section 1013, except to increase the percentage required to effect
         such action or to provide that certain

                                      -53-
<PAGE>

         other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without
         the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected
         thereby.

                  It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this
Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture,
but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

                  A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any
covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included
solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which
modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to
such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under
this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

                  SECTION 903. EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. In
executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental
indenture permitted by this Article or the modification thereby of the trusts
created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and shall
be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the
execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this
Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such
supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

                  SECTION 904. EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

                  Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this
Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such
supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and
every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered
hereunder and of any coupon appertaining thereto shall be bound thereby.

                  SECTION 905. CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT. Every
supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

                  SECTION 906. REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL
INDENTURES. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall,
if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as
to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall
so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the
opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may
be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

                                  ARTICLE TEN

                                    COVENANTS

                  SECTION 1001. PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM, IF ANY, INTEREST
AND ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS. The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the
Holders of each series of

                                      -54-
<PAGE>

Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of (and premium,
if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts payable in respect of the
Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of such series of
Securities, any coupons appertaining thereto and this Indenture. Unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to any series of
Securities, any interest due on and any Additional Amounts payable in respect of
Bearer Securities on or before Maturity, other than Additional Amounts, if any,
payable as provided in Section 1012 in respect of principal of (or premium, if
any, on) such a Security, shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender
of the several coupons for such interest installments as are evidenced thereby
as they severally mature. Unless otherwise specified with respect to Securities
of any series pursuant to Section 301, at the option of the Company, all
payments of principal may be paid by check to the registered Holder of the
Registered Security or other person entitled thereto against surrender of such
Security.

                  SECTION 1002. MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY. If Securities
of a series are issuable only as Registered Securities, the Company shall
maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an office or
agency where Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for
payment or conversion, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for
registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon
the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may
be served. If Securities of a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, the
Company will maintain: (A) in The Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, an
office or agency where any Registered Securities of that series may be presented
or surrendered for payment or conversion, where any Registered Securities of
that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of
that series may be surrendered for exchange, where notices and demands to or
upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture
may be served and where Bearer Securities of that series and related coupons may
be presented or surrendered for payment or conversion in the circumstances
described in the following paragraph (and not otherwise); (B) subject to any
laws or regulations applicable thereto, in a Place of Payment for that series
which is located outside the United States, an office or agency where Securities
of that series and related coupons may be presented and surrendered for payment
(including payment of any Additional Amounts payable on Securities of that
series pursuant to Section 1012) or conversion; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the
Securities of that series are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange or any
other stock exchange located outside the United States and such stock exchange
shall so require, the Company will maintain a Paying Agent for the Securities of
that series in Luxembourg or any other required city located outside the United
States, as the case may be, so long as the Securities of that series are listed
on such exchange; and (C) subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto,
in a Place of Payment for that series located outside the United States an
office or agency where any Registered Securities of that series may be
surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of that series may be
surrendered for exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in
respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. The
Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any
change in the location, of each such office or agency. If at any time the
Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail
to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee, except that Bearer Securities of that series and the related coupons
may be presented and surrendered for payment (including payment of any
Additional Amounts payable on Bearer Securities of that series pursuant to
Section 1012) or conversion at

                                      -55-
<PAGE>

the offices specified in the Security, in London, England, and the Company
hereby appoints the same as its agent to receive such respective presentations,
surrenders, notices and demands, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee its
agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

                  Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities
pursuant to Section 301, no payment of principal, premium or interest on or
Additional Amounts in respect of Bearer Securities shall be made at any office
or agency of the Company in the United States or by check mailed to any address
in the United States or by transfer to an account maintained with a bank located
in the United States; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, if the Securities of a series are
payable in Dollars, payment of principal of and any premium and interest on any
Bearer Security (including any Additional Amounts payable in respect of
Securities of such series pursuant to Section 1012) shall be made at the office
of the Company's Paying Agent in The Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, if
(but only if) payment in Dollars of the full amount of such principal, premium,
interest or Additional Amounts, as the case may be, at all offices or agencies
outside the United States maintained for the purpose by the Company in
accordance with this Indenture, is illegal or effectively precluded by exchange
controls or other similar restrictions.

                  The Company may from time to time designate one or more other
offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented
or surrendered for any or all of such purposes, and may from time to time
rescind such designations; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such designation or
rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain
an office or agency in accordance with the requirements set forth above for
Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written
notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in
the location of any such other office or agency. Unless otherwise specified with
respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301 with respect to a series of
Securities, the Company hereby designates as a Place of Payment for each series
of Securities the office or agency of the Company in The Borough of Manhattan,
The City of New York, and initially appoints the Trustee, at its offices located
at 120 Broadway, 33rd Floor, New York, New york 10271, as Paying Agent in such
city and as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and
demands.

                  Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities
pursuant to Section 301, if and so long as the Securities of any series (i) are
denominated in a Foreign Currency or (ii) may be payable in a Foreign Currency,
or so long as it is required under any other provision of the Indenture, then
the Company will maintain with respect to each such series of Securities, or as
so required, at least one exchange rate agent.

                  SECTION 1003. MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN
TRUST. If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect
to any series of any Securities and any related coupons, it will, on or before
each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any), or interest on or
Additional Amounts in respect of, any of the Securities of that series,
segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a
sum in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency
or currencies in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as
otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series)
sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest or Additional
Amounts so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or
otherwise

                                      -56-
<PAGE>

disposed of as herein provided, and will promptly notify the Trustee of its
action or failure so to act.

                  Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for
any series of Securities and any related coupons, it will, on or before each due
date of the principal of (and premium, if any), or interest on or Additional
Amounts in respect of, any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying
Agent a sum (in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite
currency or currencies described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay
the principal (and premium, if any) or interest or Additional Amounts, so
becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled to such principal, premium or interest or Additional Amounts and
(unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the
Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

                  The Company will cause each Paying Agent other than the
Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying
Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section,
that such Paying Agent will

                  (1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of principal of
         (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities in trust for the
         benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid
         to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

                  (2) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or
         any other obligor upon the Securities) in the making of any such
         payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest; and

                  (3) at any time during the continuance of any such default
         upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee
         all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

                  The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or
such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee,
such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to
such sums.

                  Except as otherwise provided in the Securities of any series,
any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the
Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or
interest on, or any Additional Amounts in respect of, any Security of any series
and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal (and premium, if
any), interest or Additional Amounts has become due and payable shall be paid to
the Company upon Company Request or (if then held by the Company) shall be
discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as
an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment of such
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on, or any Additional Amounts in
respect of, any Security, without interest thereon, and all liability of the
Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability
of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
that the Trustee or such

                                      -57-
<PAGE>

Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the
expense of the Company cause to be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper,
notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified
therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication,
any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the
Company.

                  SECTION 1004. LIMITATIONS ON INCURRENCE OF DEBT. (a) The
Company will not, and will not permit any Subsidiary to, incur any Debt if,
immediately after giving effect to the incurrence of such additional Debt, the
aggregate principal amount of all outstanding Debt of the Company and its
Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis determined in accordance with GAAP is
greater than 65% of the sum of (i) the Company's Undepreciated Real Estate
Assets as of the end of the calendar quarter covered in the Company's Annual
Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the case may be, most
recently filed with the Commission (or, if such filing is not permitted under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, with the Trustee) prior to the incurrence
of such additional Debt and (ii) the purchase price of all real estate assets
acquired by the Company or any Subsidiary since the end of such calendar
quarter, including those obtained in connection with the incurrence of such
additional Debt;

                  (b) In addition to the limitation set forth in subsection (a)
         of this Section 1004, the Company will not, and will not permit any
         Subsidiary to, incur any Debt if Consolidated Income Available for Debt
         Service for any 12 consecutive calendar months within the 15 calendar
         months immediately preceding the date on which such additional Debt is
         to be incurred shall have been less than 1.5 times the Maximum Annual
         Service Charge on the Debt of the Company and all Subsidiaries to be
         outstanding immediately after the incurring of such additional Debt.

                  (c) For purposes of this Section 1004, Debt shall be deemed to
         be "incurred" by the Company or a Subsidiary whenever the Company or
         such Subsidiary shall create, assume, guarantee or otherwise become
         liable in respect thereof.

                  SECTION 1005. RESTRICTIONS ON DIVIDENDS AND OTHER
DISTRIBUTIONS.

                    The Company will not, in respect of any shares of any class
of its capital stock, (a) declare or pay any dividends (other than dividends
payable in capital stock of the Company) thereon, (b) apply any of its property
or assets to the purchase, redemption or other acquisition or retirement
thereof, (c) set apart any sum for the purchase, redemption or other acquisition
or retirement thereof, or (d) make any other distribution, by reduction of
capital or otherwise if, immediately after such declaration or other action
referred to above, the aggregate of all such declarations and other actions
since the date on which this Indenture was originally executed shall exceed the
sum of (i) Funds from Operations from December 31, 1993 until the end of the
calendar quarter covered in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K or
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the case may be, most recently filed with the
Commission (or, if such filing is not permitted under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, with the Trustee) prior to such declaration or other action and
(ii) $20,000,000; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the foregoing limitation shall not
apply to any declaration or other action referred to above which is necessary to
maintain the Company's status as a "real estate investment trust" under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, if the aggregate principal amount of
all outstanding Debt of the Company and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis
determined in accordance with GAAP at such time is less

                                      -58-
<PAGE>

than 65% of the Company's Undepreciated Real Estate Assets as of the end of the
calendar quarter covered in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K or
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the case may be, most recently filed with the
Commission (or, if such filing is not permitted under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, with the Trustee) prior to such declaration or other action.

                  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of this Section
1005 will not prohibit the payment of any dividend within 30 days of the
declaration thereof if at such date of declaration such payment would have
complied with the provisions hereof.

                  SECTION 1006. EXISTENCE. Subject to Article Eight, the Company
will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full
force and effect its corporate existence, rights (charter and statutory) and
franchises; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Company shall not be required to
preserve any right or franchise if the Board of Directors shall determine that
the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business
of the Company and that the loss thereof is not disadvantageous in any material
respect to the Holders.

                  SECTION 1007. MAINTENANCE OF PROPERTIES. The Company will
cause all of its properties used or useful in the conduct of its business or the
business of any Subsidiary to be maintained and kept in good condition, repair
and working order and supplied with all necessary equipment and will cause to be
made all necessary repairs, renewals, replacements, betterments and improvements
thereof, all as in the judgment of the Company may be necessary so that the
business carried on in connection therewith may be properly and advantageously
conducted at all times; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that nothing in this Section shall
prevent the Company or any Subsidiary from selling or otherwise disposing for
value its properties in the ordinary course of its business.

                  SECTION 1008. INSURANCE. The Company will, and will cause each
of its Subsidiaries to, keep all of its insurable properties insured against
loss or damage at least equal to their then full insurable value with insurers
of recognized responsibility and having a rating of at least A:VIII in Best's
Key Rating Guide.

                  SECTION 1009. PAYMENT OF TAXES AND OTHER CLAIMS. The Company
will pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged, before the same shall
become delinquent, (1) all taxes, assessments and governmental charges levied or
imposed upon it or any Subsidiary or upon the income, profits or property of the
Company or any Subsidiary, and (2) all lawful claims for labor, materials and
supplies which, if unpaid, might by law become a lien upon the property of the
Company or any Subsidiary; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Company shall not be
required to pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged any such tax,
assessment, charge or claim whose amount, applicability or validity is being
contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings.

                  SECTION 1010. PROVISION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION. Whether or
not the Company is subject to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, the Company will, to the extent permitted under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, file with the Commission the annual reports, quarterly reports and
other documents which the Company would have been required to file with the
Commission pursuant to such Section 13 or 15(d) (the

                                      -59-
<PAGE>

"Financial Statements") if the Company were so subject, such documents to be
filed with the Commission on or prior to the respective dates (the "Required
Filing Dates") by which the Company would have been required so to file such
documents if the Company were so subject.

                  The Company will also in any event (x) within 15 days of each
Required Filing Date (i) transmit by mail to all Holders, as their names and
addresses appear in the Security Register, without cost to such Holders copies
of the annual reports and quarterly reports which the Company would have been
required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 if the Company were subject to such Sections,
and (ii) file with the Trustee copies of the annual reports, quarterly reports
and other documents which the Company would have been required to file with the
Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 if the Company were subject to such Sections and (y) if filing such
documents by the Company with the Commission is not permitted under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, promptly upon written request and payment of
the reasonable cost of duplication and delivery, supply copies of such documents
to any prospective Holder.

                  SECTION 1011. MAINTENANCE OF UNENCUMBERED REAL ESTATE ASSETS.
The Company will maintain an Unencumbered Real Estate Asset Value of not less
than 135% of the aggregate principal amount of all outstanding Debt of the
Company and its Subsidiaries that is unsecured and unsubordinated.

                  SECTION 1012. STATEMENT AS TO COMPLIANCE.

                    The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days
after the end of each fiscal year, a brief certificate from the principal
executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer
as to his or her knowledge of the Company's compliance with all conditions and
covenants under this Indenture and, in the event of any noncompliance,
specifying such noncompliance and the nature and status thereof. For purposes of
this Section 1011, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any
period of grace or requirement of notice under this Indenture.

                  SECTION 1013. ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS. If any Securities of a
series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts, the Company will pay to
the Holder of any Security of such series or any coupon appertaining thereto
Additional Amounts as may be specified as contemplated by Section 301. Whenever
in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context except in the case of
Section 502(1), the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on,
or in respect of, any Security of any series or payment of any related coupon or
the net proceeds received on the sale or exchange of any Security of any series,
such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional
Amounts provided by the terms of such series established pursuant to Section 301
to the extent that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be
payable in respect thereof pursuant to such terms and express mention of the
payment of Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any provisions hereof shall not
be construed as excluding Additional Amounts in those provisions hereof where
such express mention is not made.

                  Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301,
if the Securities of a series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts, at
least 10 days prior to the first Interest

                                      -60-
<PAGE>

Payment Date with respect to that series of Securities (or if the Securities of
that series will not bear interest prior to Maturity, the first day on which a
payment of principal and any premium is made), and at least 10 days prior to
each date of payment of principal and any premium or interest if there has been
any change with respect to the matters set forth in the below-mentioned
Officers' Certificate, the Company will furnish the Trustee and the Company's
principal Paying Agent or Paying Agents, if other than the Trustee, with an
Officers' Certificate instructing the Trustee and such Paying Agent or Paying
Agents whether such payment of principal of and any premium or interest on the
Securities of that series shall be made to Holders of Securities of that series
or any related coupons who are not United States persons without withholding for
or on account of any tax, assessment or other governmental charge described in
the Securities of the series. If any such withholding shall be required, then
such Officers' Certificate shall specify by country the amount, if any, required
to be withheld on such payments to such Holders of Securities of that series or
related coupons and the Company will pay to the Trustee or such Paying Agent the
Additional Amounts required by the terms of such Securities. In the event that
the Trustee or any Paying Agent, as the case may be, shall not so receive the
above-mentioned certificate, then the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall be
entitled (i) to assume that no such withholding or deduction is required with
respect to any payment of principal or interest with respect to any Securities
of a series or related coupons until it shall have received a certificate
advising otherwise and (ii) to make all payments of principal and interest with
respect to the Securities of a series or related coupons without withholding or
deductions until otherwise advised. The Company covenants to indemnify the
Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense reasonably incurred without negligence or bad faith on
their part arising out of or in connection with actions taken or omitted by any
of them or in reliance on any Officers' Certificate furnished pursuant to this
Section or in reliance on the Company's not furnishing such an Officers'
Certificate.

                  SECTION 1014. WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS. The Company may
omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition
set forth in Sections 1004 to 1011, inclusive, if before or after the time for
such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of all
outstanding Securities of such series, by Act of such Holders, either waive such
compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such covenant or
condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such covenant or
condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall
become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee
in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force
and effect.

                                 ARTICLE ELEVEN

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

                  SECTION 1101. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE. Securities of any
series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in
accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated
by Section 301 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

                  SECTION 1102. ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE. The
election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution. In

                                      -61-
<PAGE>

case of any redemption at the election of the Company of less than all of the
Securities of any series, the Company shall, at least 45 days prior to the
giving of the notice of redemption referred to in Section 1104 (unless a shorter
notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such
Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be
redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of
any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or
elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an
Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction.

                  SECTION 1103. SELECTION BY TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE
REDEEMED. If less than all the Securities of any series issued on the same day
with the same terms are to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed
shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the
Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series issued on such date with
the same terms not previously called for redemption (excluding any such
Outstanding Securities held by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries), by such
method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for
the selection for redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized
denomination for Securities of that series or any integral multiple thereof) of
the principal amount of Securities of such series of a denomination larger than
the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series.

                  The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security
Registrar (if other than itself) in writing of the Securities selected for
redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption,
the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

                  For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context
otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities
shall relate, in the case of any Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in
part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Security which has been or
is to be redeemed.

                  SECTION 1104. NOTICE OF REDEMPTION. Notice of redemption shall
be given in the manner provided in Section 106, not less than 30 days nor more
than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, unless a shorter period is specified
by the terms of such series established pursuant to Section 301, to each Holder
of Securities to be redeemed, but failure to give such notice in the manner
herein provided to the Holder of any Security designated for redemption as a
whole or in part, or any defect in the notice to any such Holder, shall not
affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other such
Security or portion thereof.

                  Any notice that is mailed to the Holders of Registered
Securities in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have
been duly given, whether or not the Holder receives the notice.

                  All notices of redemption shall state:

                  (1) the Redemption Date,

                  (2) the Redemption Price, accrued interest to the Redemption
         Date payable as provided in Section 1106, if any, and Additional
         Amounts, if any,

                                      -62-
<PAGE>

                  (3) if less than all Outstanding Securities of any series are
         to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial
         redemption, the principal amount) of the particular Security or
         Securities to be redeemed,

                  (4) in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the
         notice which relates to such Security shall state that on and after the
         Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the holder will
         receive, without a charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized
         denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed,

                  (5) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price and
         accrued interest to the Redemption Date payable as provided in Section
         1106, if any, will become due and payable upon each such Security, or
         the portion thereof, to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest
         thereon shall cease to accrue on and after said date,

                  (6) the Place or Places of Payment where such Securities,
         together in the case of Bearer Securities with all coupons appertaining
         thereto, if any, maturing after the Redemption Date, are to be
         surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest,
         if any, or for conversion,

                  (7) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the
         case,

                  (8) that, unless otherwise specified in such notice, Bearer
         Securities of any series, if any, surrendered for redemption must be
         accompanied by all coupons maturing subsequent to the date fixed for
         redemption or the amount of any such missing coupon or coupons will be
         deducted from the Redemption Price, unless security or indemnity
         satisfactory to the Company, the Trustee for such series and any Paying
         Agent is furnished,

                  (9) if Bearer Securities of any series are to be redeemed and
         any Registered Securities of such series are not to be redeemed, and if
         such Bearer Securities may be exchanged for Registered Securities not
         subject to redemption on this Redemption Date pursuant to Section 305
         or otherwise, the last date, as determined by the Company, on which
         such exchanges may be made,

                  (10) the CUSIP number of such Security, if any, and

                  (11) if applicable, that a Holder of Securities who desires to
         convert Securities for redemption must satisfy the requirements for
         conversion contained in such Securities, the then existing conversion
         price or rate, and the date and time when the option to convert shall
         expire.

                  Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed shall be
given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the Trustee in the name
and at the expense of the Company.

                  SECTION 1105. DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE. At or prior to
10:00 a.m. on any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or
with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, which
it may not do in the case of a sinking fund payment under Article Twelve,
segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an

                                      -63-
<PAGE>

amount of money in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or
composite currency or currencies in which the Securities of such series are
payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for the
Securities of such series) sufficient to pay on the Redemption Date the
Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest
Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities or portions thereof which
are to be redeemed on that date.

                  SECTION 1106. SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE. Notice of
redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed
shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price
therein specified in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or
composite currency or currencies in which the Securities of such series are
payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for the
Securities of such series) (together with accrued interest, if any, to the
Redemption Date), and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default
in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Securities
shall, if the same were interest-bearing, cease to bear interest and the coupons
for such interest appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be redeemed,
except to the extent provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of any such
Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, together with all
coupons, if any, appertaining thereto maturing after the Redemption Date, such
Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with
accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that
installments of interest on Bearer Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or
prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable only at an office or agency
located outside the United States (except as otherwise provided in Section 1002)
and, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, only upon
presentation and surrender of coupons for such interest; and PROVIDED FURTHER
that, except as otherwise provided with respect to Securities convertible into
Common Shares or Preferred Shares, installments of interest on Registered
Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be
payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor
Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record
Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 307.

                  If any Bearer Security surrendered for redemption shall not be
accompanied by all appurtenant coupons maturing after the Redemption Date, such
Security may be paid after deducting from the Redemption Price an amount equal
to the face amount of all such missing coupons, or the surrender of such missing
coupon or coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there be
furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of
them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security
shall surrender to the Trustee or any Paying Agent any such missing coupon in
respect of which a deduction shall have been made from the Redemption Price,
such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount so deducted; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that interest represented by coupons shall be payable only at an office
or agency located outside the United States (except as otherwise provided in
Section 1002) and, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301,
only upon presentation and surrender of those coupons.

                  If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid
upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any)
shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate borne by
the Security.

                                      -64-
<PAGE>

                  SECTION 1107. SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART. Any Registered
Security which is to be redeemed only in part (pursuant to the provisions of
this Article or of Article Twelve) shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment
therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by,
or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the
Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in
writing) and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge a new Security or
Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination as requested by
such Holder in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the
unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered.

                  SECTION 1108. CONVERSION ARRANGEMENT ON CALL FOR REDEMPTION.
In connection with any redemption of Securities, the Company may arrange for the
purchase and conversion of any Securities called for redemption by an agreement
with one or more investment bankers or other purchasers to purchase such
Securities by paying to the Trustee or the Paying Agent in trust for the Holders
of Securities, on or before 10:00 a.m. New York time on the Redemption Date, an
amount not less than the Redemption Price, together with interest, if any,
accrued to the Redemption Date of such Securities, in immediately available
funds. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article
Eleven, the obligation of the Company to pay the Redemption Price of such
Securities, including all accrued interest, if any, shall be deemed to be
satisfied and discharged to the extent such amount is so paid by such
purchasers. If such an agreement is entered into, any Securities not duly
surrendered for conversion by the Holders thereof may, at the option of the
Company, be deemed, to the fullest extent permitted by law, acquired by such
purchasers from such Holders and surrendered by such purchasers for conversion,
all as of immediately prior to the close of business on the last day on which
Securities of such series called for redemption may be converted in accordance
with this Indenture and the terms of such Securities, subject to payment to the
Trustee or Paying Agent of the above-described amount. The Trustee or the Paying
Agent shall hold and pay to the Holders whose Securities are selected for
redemption any such amount paid to it in the same manner as it would pay moneys
deposited with it by the Company for the redemption of Securities. Without the
Trustee's and the Paying Agent's prior written consent, no arrangement between
the Company and such purchasers for the purchase and conversion of any
Securities shall increase or otherwise affect any of the powers, duties,
responsibilities or obligations of the Trustee and the Paying Agent as set forth
in this Indenture, and the Company agrees to indemnify the Trustee and the
Paying Agent from, and hold them harmless against, any loss, liability or
expense arising out of or in connection with any such arrangement for the
purpose and conversion of any Securities between the Company and such
purchasers, including the costs and expenses incurred by the Trustee and the
Paying Agent (including the fees and expenses of their agents and counsel) in
the defense of any claim or liability arising out of or in connection with the
exercise or performance of any of their powers, duties, responsibilities or
obligations under this Indenture.

                                 ARTICLE TWELVE

                                  SINKING FUNDS

                  SECTION 1201. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE. The provisions of this
Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities
of a series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for
Securities of such series.

                                      -65-
<PAGE>

                  The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by
the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory
sinking fund payment", and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided
for by the terms of such Securities of any series is herein referred to as an
"optional sinking fund payment". If provided for by the terms of any Securities
of any series, the cash amount of any mandatory sinking fund payment may be
subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment
shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for
by the terms of Securities of such series.

                  SECTION 1202. SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH
SECURITIES. The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any mandatory
sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of a series, (1) deliver
Outstanding Securities of such series (other than any previously called for
redemption) together in the case of any Bearer Securities of such series with
all unmatured coupons appertaining thereto and (2) apply as a credit Securities
of such series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company
pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted
optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, as
provided for by the terms of such Securities, or which have otherwise been
acquired by the Company; PROVIDED that such Securities so delivered or applied
as a credit have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be
received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the applicable
Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation
of the sinking fund and the amount of such mandatory sinking fund payment shall
be reduced accordingly.

                  SECTION 1203. REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND. Not
less than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for Securities of any
series, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for
that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any,
which is to be satisfied by payment of cash in the currency or currencies,
currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies in which the
Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to
Section 301 for the Securities of such series) and the portion thereof, if any,
which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series
pursuant to Section 1202, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash
to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and will also deliver to the
Trustee any Securities to be so delivered and credited. If such Officers'
Certificate shall specify an optional amount to be added in cash to the next
ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, the Company shall thereupon be obligated
to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 30 days before each such
sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed
upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and
cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the
expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice
having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the
terms and in the manner stated in Sections 1106 and 1107.

                                      -66-
<PAGE>

                                ARTICLE THIRTEEN

                       REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS

                  SECTION 1301. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE. Repayment of
Securities of any series before their Stated Maturity at the option of Holders
thereof shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Securities, if any,
and (except as otherwise specified by the terms of such series established
pursuant to Section 301) in accordance with this Article.

                  SECTION 1302. REPAYMENT OF SECURITIES. Securities of any
series subject to repayment in whole or in part at the option of the Holders
thereof will, unless otherwise provided in the terms of such Securities, be
repaid at a price equal to the principal amount thereof, together with interest,
if any, thereon accrued to the Repayment Date specified in or pursuant to the
terms of such Securities. The Company covenants that at or prior to 10:00 a.m.
on the Repayment Date it will deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent
(or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in
trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of money in the currency or
currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies in which
the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified
pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series) sufficient to pay the
principal (or, if so provided by the terms of the Securities of any series, a
percentage of the principal) of, and (except if the Repayment Date shall be an
Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities or portions
thereof, as the case may be, to be repaid on such date.

SECTION 1303. EXERCISE OF OPTION. Securities of any series subject to repayment
at the option of the Holders thereof will contain an "Option to Elect Repayment"
form on the reverse of such Securities. In order for any Security to be repaid
at the option of the Holder, the Trustee must receive at the Place of Payment
therefor specified in the terms of such Security (or at such other place or
places of which the Company shall from time to time notify the Holders of such
Securities) not earlier than 60 days nor later than 30 days prior to the
Repayment Date (1) the Security so providing for such repayment together with
the "Option to Elect Repayment" form on the reverse thereof duly completed by
the Holder (or by the Holder's attorney duly authorized in writing) or (2) a
telegram, facsimile transmission or a letter from a member of a national
securities exchange, or the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
("NASD"), or a commercial bank or trust company in the United States setting
forth the name of the Holder of the Security, the principal amount of the
Security, the principal amount of the Security to be repaid, the CUSIP number,
if any, or a description of the tenor and terms of the Security, a statement
that the option to elect repayment is being exercised thereby and a guarantee
that the Security to be repaid, together with the duly completed form entitled
"Option to Elect Repayment" on the reverse of the Security, will be received by
the Trustee not later than the fifth Business Day after the date of such
telegram, facsimile transmission or letter; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that such
telegram, facsimile transmission or letter shall only be effective if such
Security and form duly completed are received by the Trustee by such fifth
Business Day. If less than the entire principal amount of such Security is to be
repaid in accordance with the terms of such Security, the principal amount of
such Security to be repaid, in increments of the minimum denomination for
Securities of such series, and the denomination or denominations of the Security
or Securities to be issued to the Holder for the portion of the principal amount
of such Security surrendered that is not to be repaid, must be specified. The
principal amount of any

                                      -67-
<PAGE>

Security providing for repayment at the option of the Holder thereof may not be
repaid in part if, following such repayment, the unpaid principal amount of such
Security would be less than the minimum authorized denomination of Securities of
the series of which such Security to be repaid is a part. Except as otherwise
may be provided by the terms of any Security providing for repayment at the
option of the Holder thereof, exercise of the repayment option by the Holder
shall be irrevocable unless waived by the Company.

                  SECTION 1304. WHEN SECURITIES PRESENTED FOR REPAYMENT BECOME
DUE AND PAYABLE. If Securities of any series providing for repayment at the
option of the Holders thereof shall have been surrendered as provided in this
Article and as provided by or pursuant to the terms of such Securities, such
Securities or the portions thereof, as the case may be, to be repaid shall
become due and payable and shall be paid by the Company on the Repayment Date
therein specified, and on and after such Repayment Date (unless the Company
shall default in the payment of such Securities on such Repayment Date) such
Securities shall, if the same were interest-bearing, cease to bear interest and
the coupons for such interest appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be
repaid, except to the extent provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of
any such Security for repayment in accordance with such provisions, together
with all coupons, if any, appertaining thereto maturing after the Repayment
Date, the principal amount of such Security so to be repaid shall be paid by the
Company, together with accrued interest, if any, to the Repayment Date;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that coupons whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the
Repayment Date shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the
United States (except as otherwise provided in Section 1002) and, unless
otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301, only upon presentation and
surrender of such coupons; and PROVIDED FURTHER that, in the case of Registered
Securities, installments of interest, if any, whose Stated Maturity is on or
prior to the Repayment Date shall be payable (but without interest thereon,
unless the Company shall default in the payment thereof) to the Holders of such
Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the
close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the
provisions of Section 307.

                  If any Bearer Security surrendered for repayment shall not be
accompanied by all appurtenant coupons maturing after the Repayment Date, such
Security may be paid after deducting from the amount payable therefor as
provided in Section 1302 an amount equal to the face amount of all such missing
coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be waived by the
Company and the Trustee if there be furnished to them such security or indemnity
as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If
thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender to the Trustee or any
Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which a deduction shall have
been made as provided in the preceding sentence, such Holder shall be entitled
to receive the amount so deducted; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that interest represented
by coupons shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the
United States (except as otherwise provided in Section 1002) and, unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, only upon presentation and
surrender of those coupons.

                  If the principal amount of any Security surrendered for
repayment shall not be so repaid upon surrender thereof, such principal amount
(together with interest, if any, thereon accrued to such Repayment Date) shall,
until paid, bear interest from the Repayment Date at the

                                      -68-
<PAGE>

rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount
Securities) set forth in such Security.

                  SECTION 1305. SECURITIES REPAID IN PART. Upon surrender of any
Registered Security which is to be repaid in part only, the Company shall
execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such
Security, without service charge and at the expense of the Company, a new
Registered Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized
denomination specified by the Holder, in an aggregate principal amount equal to
and in exchange for the portion of the principal of such Security so surrendered
which is not to be repaid.

                                ARTICLE FOURTEEN

                       DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

                  SECTION 1401. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE; COMPANY'S OPTION TO
EFFECT DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE. If, pursuant to Section 301, provision
is made for either or both of (a) defeasance of the Securities of or within a
series under Section 1402 or (b) covenant defeasance of the Securities of or
within a series under Section 1403, then the provisions of such Section or
Sections, as the case may be, together with the other provisions of this Article
(with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to Section 301
with respect to any Securities), shall be applicable to such Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto, and the Company may at its option by Board
Resolution, at any time, with respect to such Securities and any coupons
appertaining thereto, elect to have Section 1402 (if applicable) or Section 1403
(if applicable) be applied to such Outstanding Securities and any coupons
appertaining thereto upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this
Article.

                  SECTION 1402. DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE. Upon the Company's
exercise of the above option applicable to this Section with respect to any
Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been
discharged from its obligations with respect to such Outstanding Securities and
any coupons appertaining thereto on the date the conditions set forth in Section
1404 are satisfied (hereinafter, "defeasance"). For this purpose, such
defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged
the entire indebtedness represented by such Outstanding Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto, which shall thereafter be deemed to be
"Outstanding" only for the purposes of Section 1405 and the other Sections of
this Indenture referred to in clauses (A) and (B) below, and to have satisfied
all of its other obligations under such Securities and any coupons appertaining
thereto and this Indenture insofar as such Securities and any coupons
appertaining thereto are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the
Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for
the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged
hereunder: (A) the rights of Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto to receive, solely from the trust fund described in
Section 1404 and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of
the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities
and any coupons appertaining thereto when such payments are due, (B) the
Company's obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 305, 306,
1002 and 1003 and with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, on
such Securities as contemplated by Section 1012, (C) the rights, powers, trusts,
duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (D) this Article. Subject to
compliance with this Article Fourteen, the

                                      -69-
<PAGE>

Company may exercise its option under this Section notwithstanding the prior
exercise of its option under Section 1403 with respect to such Securities and
any coupons appertaining thereto.

                  SECTION 1403. COVENANT DEFEASANCE. Upon the Company's exercise
of the above option applicable to this Section with respect to any Securities of
or within a series, the Company shall be released from its obligations under
Sections 1004 to 1011, inclusive, and, if specified pursuant to Section 301, its
obligations under any other covenant, with respect to such Outstanding
Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto on and after the date the
conditions set forth in Section 1404 are satisfied (hereinafter, "covenant
defeasance"), and such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto shall
thereafter be deemed to be not "Outstanding" for the purposes of any direction,
waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the consequences of any
thereof) in connection with Sections 1004 to 1011, inclusive, or such other
covenant, but shall continue to be deemed "Outstanding" for all other purposes
hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect
to such Outstanding Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto, the Company
may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term,
condition or limitation set forth in any such Section or such other covenant,
whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to
any such Section or such other covenant or by reason of reference in any such
Section or such other covenant to any other provision herein or in any other
document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a default or an Event
of Default under Section 501(4) or 501(7) or otherwise, as the case may be, but,
except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities
and any coupons appertaining thereto shall be unaffected thereby.

                  SECTION 1404. CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.
The following shall be the conditions to application of Section 1402 or Section
1403 to any Outstanding Securities of or within a series and any coupons
appertaining thereto:

                           (a) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or
                  caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee
                  satisfying the requirements of Section 607 who shall agree to
                  comply with the provisions of this Article Fourteen applicable
                  to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the
                  following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and
                  dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such
                  Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto, (1) an amount
                  in such currency, currencies or currency unit in which such
                  Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto are then
                  specified as payable at Stated Maturity, or (2) Government
                  Obligations applicable to such Securities and coupons
                  appertaining thereto (determined on the basis of the currency,
                  currencies or currency unit in which such Securities and
                  coupons appertaining thereto are then specified as payable at
                  Stated Maturity) which through the scheduled payment of
                  principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with
                  their terms will provide, not later than one day before the
                  due date of any payment of principal of (and premium, if any)
                  and interest, if any, on such Securities and any coupons
                  appertaining thereto, money in an amount, or (3) a combination
                  thereof, in any case, in an amount, sufficient, without
                  consideration of any reinvestment of such principal and
                  interest, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
                  independent public accountants expressed in a written
                  certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and
                  discharge, and which shall be applied by the

                                      -70-
<PAGE>

                  Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge,
                  (i) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if
                  any, on such Outstanding Securities and any coupons
                  appertaining thereto on the Stated Maturity of such principal
                  or installment of principal or interest and (ii) any mandatory
                  sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to such
                  Outstanding Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto on
                  the day on which such payments are due and payable in
                  accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of such
                  Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto.

                           (b) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not
                  result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default
                  under, this Indenture or any other material agreement or
                  instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is
                  bound.

                           (c) No Event of Default or event which with notice or
                  lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default with
                  respect to such Securities and any coupons appertaining
                  thereto shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of
                  such deposit or, insofar as Sections 501(6) and 501(7) are
                  concerned, at any time during the period ending on the 91st
                  day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that
                  this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the
                  expiration of such period).

                           (d) In the case of an election under Section 1402,
                  the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of
                  Counsel stating that (i) the Company has received from, or
                  there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a
                  ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture,
                  there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax
                  law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such
                  opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Outstanding
                  Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto will not
                  recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes
                  as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to Federal
                  income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the
                  same times as would have been the case if such defeasance had
                  not occurred.

                           (e) In the case of an election under Section 1403,
                  the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of
                  Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Outstanding
                  Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto will not
                  recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes
                  as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to
                  Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and
                  at the same times as would have been the case if such covenant
                  defeasance had not occurred.

                           (f) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee
                  an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each
                  stating that all conditions precedent to the defeasance under
                  Section 1402 or the covenant defeasance under Section 1403 (as
                  the case may be) have been complied with and an Opinion of
                  Counsel to the effect that either (i) as a result of a deposit
                  pursuant to subsection (a) above and the related exercise of
                  the Company's option under Section 1402 or Section 1403 (as
                  the case may be), registration is not required under the
                  Investment

                                      -71-
<PAGE>

                  Company Act of 1940, as amended, by the Company, with respect
                  to the trust funds representing such deposit or by the Trustee
                  for such trust funds or (ii) all necessary registrations under
                  said Act have been effected.

                           (g) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this
                  Section, such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be
                  effected in compliance with any additional or substitute
                  terms, conditions or limitations which may be imposed on the
                  Company in connection therewith pursuant to Section 301.

                  SECTION 1405. DEPOSITED MONEY AND GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE
HELD IN TRUST; OTHER MISCELLANEOUS Provisions. Subject to the provisions of the
last paragraph of Section 1003, all money and Government Obligations (or other
property as may be provided pursuant to Section 301) (including the proceeds
thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively
for purposes of this Section 1405, the "Trustee") pursuant to Section 1404 in
respect of any Outstanding Securities of any series and any coupons appertaining
thereto shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with
the provisions of such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto and this
Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Holders of such Securities and any coupons appertaining
thereto of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal (and
premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts, if any, but such money
need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

                  Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Security
pursuant to Section 301, if, after a deposit referred to in Section 1404(a) has
been made, (a) the Holder of a Security in respect of which such deposit was
made is entitled to, and does, elect pursuant to Section 301 or the terms of
such Security to receive payment in a currency or currency unit other than that
in which the deposit pursuant to Section 1404(a) has been made in respect of
such Security, or (b) a Conversion Event occurs in respect of the currency or
currency unit in which the deposit pursuant to Section 1404(a) has been made,
the indebtedness represented by such Security and any coupons appertaining
thereto shall be deemed to have been, and will be, fully discharged and
satisfied through the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and
interest, if any, on such Security as the same becomes due out of the proceeds
yielded by converting (from time to time as specified below in the case of any
such election) the amount or other property deposited in respect of such
Security into the currency or currency unit in which such Security becomes
payable as a result of such election or Conversion Event based on the applicable
market exchange rate for such currency or currency unit in effect on the second
Business Day prior to each payment date, except, with respect to a Conversion
Event, for such currency or currency unit in effect (as nearly as feasible) at
the time of the Conversion Event.

                  The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any
tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the Government
Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 1404 or the principal and interest
received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which
by law is for the account of the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto.

                                      -72-
<PAGE>

                  Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding,
subject to Section 606, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from
time to time upon Company Request any money or Government Obligations (or other
property and any proceeds therefrom) held by it as provided in Section 1404
which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public
accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the
Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be
deposited to effect a defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, in
accordance with this Article.

                                ARTICLE FIFTEEN

                        MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

                  SECTION 1501. PURPOSES FOR WHICH MEETINGS MAY BE CALLED. A
meeting of Holders of Securities of any series may be called at any time and
from time to time pursuant to this Article to make, give or take any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action
provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities
of such series.

                  SECTION 1502. CALL, NOTICE AND PLACE OF MEETINGS. (a) The
Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Securities of any series
for any purpose specified in Section 1501, to be held at such time and at such
place in The City of Cleveland, State of Ohio, or in London as the Trustee shall
determine. Notice of every meeting of Holders of Securities of any series,
setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general terms the
action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given, in the manner
provided in Section 106, not less than 21 nor more than 180 days prior to the
date fixed for the meeting.

                  (b) In case at any time the Company, pursuant to a Board
Resolution, or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series shall have requested the Trustee to call a
meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for any purpose specified in
Section 1501, by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action
proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have made the
first publication of the notice of such meeting within 21 days after receipt of
such request or shall not thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as
provided herein, then the Company or the Holders of Securities of such series in
the amount above specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and the
place in The City of Cleveland, State of Ohio, or in London for such meeting and
may call such meeting for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in
subsection (a) of this Section.

                  SECTION 1503. PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AT MEETINGS. To be
entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series, a Person
shall be (1) a Holder of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series, or
(2) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for a Holder or
Holders of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series by such Holder or
Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any
meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be the Persons entitled to
vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustee and
its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

                                      -73-
<PAGE>

                  SECTION 1504. QUORUM; ACTION. The Persons entitled to vote a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series shall
constitute a quorum for a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if any action is to be taken at such meeting with
respect to a consent or waiver which this Indenture expressly provides may be
given by the Holders of not less than a specified percentage in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of a series, the Persons entitled to vote such
specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
series shall constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum within 30 minutes
after the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if convened at
the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved. In any other
case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as
determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such
meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any such adjourned meeting, such
adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days
as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such
adjourned meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall be
given as provided in Section 1502(a), except that such notice need be given only
once not less than five days prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled
to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall state
expressly the percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.

                  Except as limited by the proviso to Section 902, any
resolution presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which
a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
series; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, except as limited by the proviso to Section
902, any resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which this Indenture
expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified
percentage, which is less than a majority, in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of a series may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned
meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the
affirmative vote of the Holders of such specified percentage in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of that series.

                  Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of
Holders of Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section
shall be binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series and the related
coupons, whether or not present or represented at the meeting.

                  Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1504,
if any action is to be taken at a meeting of Holders of Securities of any series
with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other action that this Indenture expressly provides may be made, given
or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in principal amount of all
Outstanding Securities affected thereby, or of the Holders of such series and
one or more additional series:

                  (i) there shall be no minimum quorum requirement for such
         meeting; and

                                      -74-
<PAGE>

                  (ii) the principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of
         such series that vote in favor of such request, demand, authorization,
         direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action shall be taken into
         account in determining whether such request, demand, authorization,
         direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action has been made, given
         or taken under this Indenture.

                  SECTION 1505. DETERMINATION OF VOTING RIGHTS; CONDUCT AND
ADJOURNMENT OF MEETINGS. (a) Notwithstanding any provisions of this Indenture,
the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for
any meeting of Holders of Securities of a series in regard to proof of the
holding of Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in
regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and
examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote,
and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem
appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations,
the holding of Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 104
and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in
Section 104 or by having the signature of the Person executing the proxy
witnessed or guaranteed by any trust company, bank or banker authorized by
Section 104 to certify to the holding of Bearer Securities. Such regulations may
provide that written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their face, may
be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 104 or
other proof.

                  (b) The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing appoint a
temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by
the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 1502(b), in which
case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series calling the meeting,
as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A
permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by
vote of the Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting.

                  (c) At any meeting each Holder of a Security of such series or
proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by him; PROVIDED,
however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any
Security challenged as not Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting
to be not Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote,
except as a Holder of a Security of such series or proxy.

                  (d) Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly
called pursuant to Section 1502 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned
from time to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting, and the
meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.

                  SECTION 1506. COUNTING VOTES AND RECORDING ACTION OF MEETINGS.
The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of Securities
of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall be subscribed the
signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of their
representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of the
Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The permanent
chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count
all votes cast at the meeting for

                                      -75-
<PAGE>

or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the secretary of the
meeting their verified written reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the
meeting. A record, at least in duplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of
Holders of Securities of any Series shall be prepared by the secretary of the
meeting and there shall be attached to said record the original reports of the
inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or
more persons having knowledge of the fact, setting forth a copy of the notice of
the meeting and showing that said notice was given as provided in Section 1502
and, if applicable, Section 1504. Each copy shall be signed and verified by the
affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such
copy shall be delivered to the Company and another to the Trustee to be
preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted
at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence
of the matters therein stated.

                                    * * * * *

                  This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts,
each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such
counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same Indenture.

                                      -76-
<PAGE>

                  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this
Indenture to be duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be
hereunto affixed and attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

                                         DEVELOPERS DIVERSIFIED REALTY
                                         CORPORATION

                                         By: Scott A. Wolstein
                                             Scott A. Wolstein
                                             Title: President and Chief
                                                    Executive Officer
Attest:

Joan Allgood
Title:

                                         NATIONAL CITY BANK, as Trustee

                                         By: /s/ Sherry L. Damore
                                             Sherry L. Damore
                                             Title: Vice President

Attest:

/s/ J. Schwartz
Title: Vice President

                                      -77-
<PAGE>

STATE OF OHIO     )
                  ) ss:
COUNTY OF OHIO    )

                  On the 7th day of December, 1994, before me personally came
SCOTT A. WOLSTEIN, to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say
that he resides at Pepper Pike, Ohio , that he is the President and Chief
Executive Officer of DEVELOPERS DIVERSIFIED REALTY CORPORATION, one of the
corporations described in and which executed the foregoing instrument and that
he signed his name thereto by authority of the Board of Directors of said
corporation.

[Notarial Seal]

                                                 /s/ Elizabeth A. Berry
                                                 Notary Public
                                                 COMMISSION EXPIRES

STATE OF OHIO     )
                  ) ss:
COUNTY OF OHIO    )

                  On the 5th day of December , 1994, before me personally came
SHERRY L. DAMORE, to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say
that she resides at 1900 East 9th Street that she is a Vice President of
NATIONAL CITY BANK, one of the corporations described in and which executed the
foregoing instrument and that she signed her name thereto by authority of the
Board of Directors of said corporation.

[Notarial Seal]

                                                 /s/ Penny J. Jarrell
                                                 Notary Public
                                                 COMMISSION EXPIRES

                                      -78-
<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT A

                             FORMS OF CERTIFICATION

                                   EXHIBIT A-1

               FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY PERSON ENTITLED
                TO RECEIVE BEARER SECURITY OR TO OBTAIN INTEREST
                       PAYABLE PRIOR TO THE EXCHANGE DATE

                                   CERTIFICATE

[Insert title or sufficient description of Securities to be delivered]

                  This is to certify that, as of the date hereof, and except as
set forth below, the above-captioned Securities held by you for our account (i)
are owned by person(s) that are not citizens or residents of the United States,
domestic partnerships, domestic corporations or any estate or trust the income
of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its
source ("United States person(s)"), (ii) are owned by United States person(s)
that are (a) foreign branches of United States financial institutions (financial
institutions, as defined in United States Treasury Regulations Section
2.165-12(c)(1)(v) are herein referred to as "financial institutions") purchasing
for their own account or for resale, or (b) United States person(s) who acquired
the Securities through foreign branches of United States financial institutions
and who hold the Securities through such United States financial institutions on
the date hereof (and in either case (a) or (b), each such United States
financial institution hereby agrees, on its own behalf or through its agent,
that you may advise Developers Diversified Realty Corporation or its agent that
such financial institution will comply with the requirements of Section
165(j)(3)(A), (B) or (C) of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended, and the regulations thereunder), or (iii) are owned by United States or
foreign financial institution(s) for purposes of resale during the restricted
period (as defined in United States Treasury Regulations Section
1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(D)(7)), and, in addition, if the owner is a United States or
foreign financial institution described in clause (iii) above (whether or not
also described in clause (i) or (ii)), this is to further certify that such
financial institution has not acquired the Securities for purposes of resale
directly or indirectly to a United States person or to a person within the
United States or its possessions.

                  As used herein, "United States" means the United States of
America (including the States and the District of Columbia); and its
"possessions" include Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American
Samoa, Wake Island and the Northern Mariana Islands.

                  We undertake to advise you promptly by tested telex on or
prior to the date on which you intend to submit your certification relating to
the above-captioned Securities held by you for our account in accordance with
your Operating Procedures if any applicable statement

                                       -1-
<PAGE>

herein is not correct on such date, and in the absence of any such notification
it may be assumed that this certification applies as of such date.

                  This certificate excepts and does not relate to [U.S.$] of
such interest in the above-captioned Securities in respect of which we are not
able to certify and as to which we understand an exchange for an interest in a
Permanent Global Security or an exchange for and delivery of definitive
Securities (or, if relevant, collection of any interest) cannot be made until we
do so certify.

                  We understand that this certificate may be required in
connection with certain tax legislation in the United States. If administrative
or legal proceedings are commenced or threatened in connection with which this
certificate is or would be relevant, we irrevocably authorize you to produce
this certificate or a copy thereof to any interested party in such proceedings.

Dated:                   , 19
[To be dated no earlier than the 15th day prior
to (i) the Exchange Date or (ii) the relevant
Interest Payment Date occurring prior to the
Exchange Date, as applicable]

                                                 [Name of Person Making
                                                 Certification]

                                                 ------------------------------
                                                 (Authorized Signator)
                                                 Name:
                                                 Title:

                                      -2-
<PAGE>

                                  EXHIBIT A-2

                  FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY EUROCLEAR
               AND CEDEL S.A. IN CONNECTION WITH THE EXCHANGE OF
                 A PORTION OF A TEMPORARY GLOBAL SECURITY OR TO
               OBTAIN INTEREST PAYABLE PRIOR TO THE EXCHANGE DATE

                                  CERTIFICATE

[Insert title or sufficient description of Securities to be delivered]

                  This is to certify that, based solely on written
certifications that we have received in writing, by tested telex or by
electronic transmission from each of the persons appearing in our records as
persons entitled to a portion of the principal amount set forth below (our
"Member Organizations") substantially in the form attached hereto, as of the
date hereof, [U.S.$] principal amount of the above-captioned Securities (i) is
owned by person(s) that are not citizens or residents of the United States,
domestic partnerships, domestic corporations or any estate or trust the income
of which is subject to United States Federal income taxation regardless of its
source ("United States person(s)"), (ii) is owned by United States person(s)
that are (a) foreign branches of United States financial institutions (financial
institutions, as defined in U.S. Treasury Regulations Section 1.165-12(c)(1)(v)
are herein referred to as "financial institutions") purchasing for their own
account or for resale, or (b) United States person(s) who acquired the
Securities through foreign branches of United States financial institutions and
who hold the Securities through such United States financial institutions on the
date hereof (and in either case (a) or (b), each such financial institution has
agreed, on its own behalf or through its agent, that we may advise Kimco Realty
Corporation or its agent that such financial institution will comply with the
requirements of Section 165(j)(3)(A), (B) or (C) of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended, and the regulations thereunder), or (iii) is owned by United
States or foreign financial institution(s) for purposes of resale during the
restricted period (as defined in United States Treasury Regulations Section
1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(D)(7)), and, to the further effect, that financial institutions
described in clause (iii) above (whether or not also described in clause (i) or
(ii)) have certified that they have not acquired the Securities for purposes of
resale directly or indirectly to a United States person or to a person within
the United States or its possessions.

                  As used herein, "United States" means the United States of
America (including the States and the District of Columbia); and its
"possessions" include Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American
Samoa, Wake Island and the Northern Mariana Islands.

                  We further certify that (i) we are not making available
herewith for exchange (or, if relevant, collection of any interest) any portion
of the temporary global Security representing the above- captioned Securities
excepted in the above-referenced certificates of Member Organizations and (ii)
as of the date hereof we have not received any notification from any of our
Member Organizations to the effect that the statements made by such Member
Organizations with respect to any portion of the part submitted herewith for
exchange (or, if relevant, collection of any interest) are no longer true and
cannot be relied upon as of the date hereof.

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

                  We understand that this certification is required in
connection with certain tax legislation in the United States. If administrative
or legal proceedings are commenced or threatened in connection with which this
certificate is or would be relevant, we irrevocably authorize you to produce
this certificate or a copy thereof to any interested party in such proceedings.

Dated:                                19
       -----------------------------
[To be dated no earlier than the Exchange Date
or the relevant Interest Payment Date occurring
prior to the Exchange Date, as applicable]

                                                  [Morgan Guaranty Trust
                                                    Company of New York,
                                                    Brussels Office,] as
                                                  Operator of the
                                                    Euroclear System
                                                    [Cedel S.A.]

                                                  By:_________________________

                                      -4-<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.8

                          FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE
                          ----------------------------

                  THIS FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE, is entered into as of May
10, 1995, by and between Developers Diversified Realty Corporation, an Ohio
corporation (the "Company"), and National City Bank, a national banking
association organized and existing under the laws of the United States, as
trustee (the "Trustee").

                  WHEREAS, the parties entered into the Indenture dated as of
May 1, 1994 (the "Original Indenture"), relating to the Company's senior debt
securities;

                  WHEREAS, the Company has made a request to the Trustee that
the Trustee join with it, in accordance with Section 901 of the Indenture, in
the execution of this First Supplemental Indenture to amend certain existing
provisions for the benefit of Holders of all series of Securities;

                  WHEREAS, the Company and the Trustees are authorized to enter
into this First Supplemental Indenture; and

                  NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Trustee agree as follows:

                  Section 1. RELATION TO INDENTURE. This First Supplemental
Indenture supplements the Original Indenture and shall be a part and subject to
all the terms thereof. Except as supplemented hereby, the Indenture and the
Securities issued thereunder shall continue in full force and effect.

                  Section 2. CAPITALIZED TERMS. Capitalized terms used herein
and not otherwise defined herein are used as defined in the original Indenture.

                  Section 3. MAINTENANCE OF UNENCUMBERED REAL ESTATE ASSET
VALUE. Section 1011 of the Indenture is deleted in its entirety and replaced
with the following:

                           Section 1011. MAINTENANCE OF UNENCUMBERED REAL ESTATE
                  ASSETS. The Company will at all times maintain an Unencumbered
                  Real Estate Asset Value of not less than 135% of the aggregate
                  principal amount of all outstanding unsecured Debt of the
                  Company and its Subsidiaries.

<PAGE>

                  Section 4. COUNTERPARTS. This First Supplemental Indenture may
be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all
of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

                  Section 5. GOVERNING LAW. THIS FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE
SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF
OHIO (WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO THE CONFLICT OF LAWS PRINCIPLES THEREOF).

                  Section 6. CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE. The Trustee shall not be
responsible for any recital herein (other than the third recital as it appears
as it applies to the Trustee) as such recitals shall be taken as statements of
the Company, or the validity of the execution by the Company of this First
Supplemental Indenture. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity
or sufficiency of this First Supplemental Indenture.

                  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this
Indenture to be duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be
hereunto affixed and attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

Attest:                                           DEVELOPERS DIVERSIFIED REALTY
                                                  CORPORATION

/s/ Joan U. Allgood                               By: /s/ James A. Schoff
Title:                                             Name:    James A. Schoff
                                                   Title:   Executive Vice
                                                            President and Chief
                                                            Operating Officer

Attest:                                           NATIONAL CITY BANK, as Trustee

/s/ N. Hartofillis                                By: /s/ David B. Davis
Title: Trust Officer                               Name:    David B. Davis
                                                   Title:   Vice President

                                      -2-
<PAGE>

STATE OF OHIO                       )
                                    )       SS:
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA                  )

                  On the 15th day of May, 1995, before me personally came JAMES
A. SCHOFF, to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that he
resides at Shaker Hts., Ohio, that he is the Executive Vice President and Chief
Operating Officer of DEVELOPERS DIVERSIFIED REALTY CORPORATION, one of the
corporations described in and which executed the foregoing instrument and that
he signed his name thereto by authority of the Board of Directors of said
corporation.

[Notarial Seal]

                                            /s/ Elizabeth A. Berry
                                            Notary Public
                                            COMMISSION EXPIRES

STATE OF OHIO                       )
                                    )       SS:
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA                  )

                  On the 16th day of May, 1995, before me personally came DAVID
B. DAVIS, to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that he
resides at North Ridgeville, Ohio, that he is the Vice President of NATIONAL
CITY BANK, one of the corporations described in and which executed the foregoing
instrument and that he signed his name thereto by authority of the Board of
Directors of said corporation.

[Notarial Seal]

                                            /s/ Jeanette Peplowski
                                            Notary Public
                                            COMMISSION EXPIRES

                                      -3-

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