Document:

Exhibit 4.11

 

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

AND

[TRUSTEE]

Trustee

________________________

INDENTURE

DATED AS OF ___________, 20__

________________________

 

SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES

 

 

 

    	 	 	 

     

    

 

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

RECONCILIATION AND TIE BETWEEN TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939, AS AMENDED,

AND INDENTURE, DATED AS OF ___________, 20__

 

	TRUST INDENTURE ACT SECTION	 	 	INDENTURE SECTION
	Section 310(a)(1)	 	 	6.9
	(a)(2)	 	 	6.9
	(a)(3)	 	 	Not Applicable
	(a)(4)	 	 	Not Applicable
	(a)(5)	 	 	6.9
	(b)	 	 	6.8
	Section 311	 	 	6.13
	Section 312(a)	 	 	7.1, 7.2(a)
	(b)	 	 	7.2(b)
	(c)	 	 	7.2(c)
	Section 313(a)	 	 	7.3
	(b)	 	 	*
	(c)	 	 	*
	(d)	 	 	7.3
	Section 314(a)	 	 	7.4
	(a)(4)	 	 	10.5
	(b)	 	 	Not Applicable
	(c)(1)	 	 	1.3
	(c)(2)	 	 	1.3
	(c)(3)	 	 	Not Applicable
	(d)	 	 	Not Applicable
	(e)	 	 	1.3
	Section 315(a)	 	 	6.1(a)
	(b)	 	 	6.2
	(c)	 	 	6.1(b)
	(d)	 	 	6.1(c)
	(d)(1)	 	 	6.1(a)(1)
	(d)(2)	 	 	6.1(c)(2)
	(d)(3)	 	 	6.1(c)(3)
	(e)	 	 	5.14
	Section 316(a)	 	 	1.1, 1.2
	(a)(1)(A)	 	 	5.2, 5.12
	(a)(1)(B)	 	 	5.13
	(a)(2)	 	 	Not Applicable
	(b)	 	 	5.8
	(c)	 	 	1.5(f)
	Section 317(a)(1)	 	 	5.3
	(a)(2)	 	 	5.4
	(b)	 	 	10.3
	Section 318(a)	 	 	1.8

NOTE: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for
any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.

* Deemed included pursuant to Section 318(c) of
the Trust Indenture Act

 

 

    	 	 	 

     

    

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

	 	 	Page
	ARTICLE ONE	DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION	1
	1.1	Definitions	1
	1.2	Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act	8
	1.3	Compliance Certificates and Opinions	9
	1.4	Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee	9
	1.5	Acts of Holders; Record Dates	10
	1.6	Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company	11
	1.7	Notice to Holders; Waiver	12
	1.8	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act	12
	1.9	Effect of Headings and Table of Contents	12
	1.10	Successors and Assigns	12
	1.11	Separability Clause	12
	1.12	Benefits of Indenture	12
	1.13	Governing Law	13
	1.14	Legal Holidays	13
	1.15	Securities in a Composite Currency, Currency Unit or Foreign Currency	13
	1.16	Payment in Required Currency; Judgment Currency	13
	1.17	Language of Notices, Etc	14
	1.18	Incorporators, Shareholders, Officers and Directors of the Company Exempt from Individual Liability	14
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE TWO	SECURITY FORMS	14
	2.1	Forms Generally	14
	2.2	Form of Face of Security	15
	2.3	Form of Reverse of Security	17
	2.4	Global Securities	21
	2.5	Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication	22
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE THREE	THE SECURITIES	23
	3.1	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series	23
	3.2	Denominations	25
	3.3	Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating	25
	3.4	Temporary Securities	27
	3.5	Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange	27
	3.6	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities	30
	3.7	Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved	31
	3.8	Persons Deemed Owners	32
	3.9	Cancellation	32
	3.10	Computation of Interest	32
	3.11	CUSIP or CINS Numbers	33

 

 

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	 	 	Page
	ARTICLE FOUR	SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE	33
	4.1	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture	33
	4.2	Application of Trust Money	34
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE FIVE	REMEDIES	34
	5.1	Events of Default	34
	5.2	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment	35
	5.3	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee	36
	5.4	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	37
	5.5	Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities	38
	5.6	Application of Money Collected	38
	5.7	Limitation on Suits	38
	5.8	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest	39
	5.9	Restoration of Rights and Remedies	39
	5.10	Rights and Remedies Cumulative	39
	5.11	Delay or Omission Not Waiver	39
	5.12	Control by Holders	39
	5.13	Waiver of Past Defaults	40
	5.14	Undertaking for Costs	40
	5.15	Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws	40
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE SIX	THE TRUSTEE	41
	6.1	Certain Duties and Responsibilities	41
	6.2	Notice of Defaults	42
	6.3	Certain Rights of Trustee	42
	6.4	Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities	43
	6.5	May Hold Securities	43
	6.6	Money Held in Trust	44
	6.7	Compensation and Reimbursement	44
	6.8	Disqualification; Conflicting Interests	44
	6.9	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility	45
	6.10	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor	45
	6.11	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor	46
	6.12	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business	47
	6.13	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company	48
	6.14	Appointment of Authenticating Agent	48
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE SEVEN	HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY	49
	7.1	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders	49
	7.2	Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders	50
	7.3	Reports by Trustee	51
	7.4	Reports by Company	51

 

 

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	 	 	Page
	ARTICLE EIGHT	CONSOLIDATION, AMALGAMATION, MERGER AND SALE	52
	8.1	Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms	52
	8.2	Successor Substituted	52
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE NINE	AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER	53
	9.1	Without Consent of Holders	53
	9.2	With Consent of Holders	55
	9.3	Execution of Supplemental Indentures	56
	9.4	Effect of Supplemental Indentures	56
	9.5	Conformity with Trust Indenture Act	56
	9.6	Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures	57
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE TEN	COVENANTS	57
	10.1	Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest	57
	10.2	Maintenance of Office or Agency	57
	10.3	Money for Securities Payments to be Held in Trust	57
	10.4	Existence	59
	10.5	Statement by Officers as to Default	59
	10.6	Additional Amounts	59
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 

ELEVEN	REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES	60
	11.1	Applicability of Article	60
	11.2	Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee	60
	11.3	Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed	60
	11.4	Notice of Redemption	61
	11.5	Deposit of Redemption Price	61
	11.6	Securities Payable on Redemption Date	61
	11.7	Securities Redeemed in Part	62
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 

TWELVE	SINKING FUNDS	62
	12.1	Applicability of Article	62
	12.2	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities	62
	12.3	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund	63
	 	 	 
	ARTICLE

 THIRTEEN	DEFEASANCE	63
	13.1	Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance	63
	13.2	Legal Defeasance and Discharge	63
	13.3	Covenant Defeasance	64
	13.4	Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance	64
	13.5	Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to be Held in Trust, Other Miscellaneous Provisions	65
	13.6	Repayment	66
	13.7	Reinstatement	66

 

 

 

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	 	 	Page
	ARTICLE

 FOURTEEN	SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES	67
	14.1	Securities Subordinated to Senior Debt	67
	14.2	No Payment on Securities in Certain Circumstances	67
	14.3	Payment over Proceeds upon Dissolution, Etc	68
	14.4	Subrogation	70
	14.5	Obligations of Company Unconditional	70
	14.6	Notice to Trustee	71
	14.7	Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent	71
	14.8	Trustee’s Relation to Senior Debt	72
	14.9	Subordination Rights Not Impaired by Acts or Omissions of the Company or Holders of Senior Debt	72
	14.10	Holders Authorize Trustee to Effectuate Subordination of Securities	72
	14.11	Not to Prevent Events of Default	73
	14.12	Trustee’s Compensation Not Prejudiced	73
	14.13	No Waiver of Subordination Provisions	73
	14.14	Payments May Be Paid Prior to Dissolution	73
	14.15	Trust Moneys Not Subordinated	73

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    	 	iv	 

     

    

 

INDENTURE

 

INDENTURE, dated as
of ___________, 20__, between PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (herein
called the “Company”) and [TRUSTEE], a banking corporation organized under the laws of the United States, as
trustee (the “Trustee”).

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS, the Company
has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured
subordinated debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the “Securities”), to be issued
in one or more series as provided in this Indenture;

 

WHEREAS, all things
necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done; and

 

WHEREAS, this Indenture
is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are required to be a part of this Indenture and, to the extent applicable,
shall be governed by such provisions.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed,
for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series thereof, as follows:

 

ARTICLE
One

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

 

1.1       Definitions.
For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

 

(a)       the
terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

 

(b)       all
terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, defined by a Trust Indenture Act reference to another
statute or defined by an SEC rule under the Trust Indenture Act have the meanings so assigned to them;

 

(c)       all
accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with GAAP;

 

(d)       the
words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import
refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision;

 

(e)       the
words “Article” and “Section” refer to an Article and Section, respectively, of this Indenture;
and

 

 

 

    	 	1	 

     

    

 

(f)       the
word “includes” and its derivatives means “includes, but is not limited to” and corresponding
derivative definitions.

 

Certain terms, used
principally in Article Six, are defined in that Article.

 

“Act,”
when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in Section 1.5.

 

“Additional
Defeasible Provision” means a covenant or other provision contained that is (a) made part of this Indenture pursuant
to a supplemental indenture hereto, a Board Resolution or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 3.1,
and (b) pursuant to the terms set forth in such supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officer’s Certificate, made subject
to the provisions of Article Thirteen.

 

“Affiliate”
of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect
common control with such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, “control,” as used with respect
to any Person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or
policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise. For purposes of this definition,
the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with”
have correlative meanings.

 

“Authenticating
Agent” means any Person authorized by the Trustee to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities.

 

“Banking Day”
means, in respect of any city, any date on which commercial banks are open for business in that city.

 

“Bankruptcy
Law” means any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law.

 

“Board of
Directors” means the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of that board to which the powers
of that board have been lawfully delegated.

 

“Board Resolution”
means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, the principal financial officer
of the Company, any other authorized officer of the Company, or a person duly authorized by any of them, in each case as applicable,
to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered
to the Trustee. Where any provision of this Indenture refers to action to be taken pursuant to a Board Resolution (including the
establishment of any series of the Securities and the forms and terms thereof), such action may be taken by any committee, officer
or employee of the Company authorized to take such action by the Board of Directors as evidenced by a Board Resolution.

 

“Business
Day,” when used with respect to any Place of Payment or other location, means, except as otherwise provided as contemplated
by Section 3.1 with respect to any series of Securities, each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which
is not a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment or other location are authorized or obligated by law, executive
order or regulation to close.

 

 

 

    	 	2	 

     

    

 

“CINS”
means the CUSIP International Numbering System.

 

“Code”
means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

“Company”
means the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor or resulting corporation
shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean
such successor or resulting corporation.

 

“Company Request”
or “Company Order” means, in the case of the Company, a written request or order signed in the name of the Company
by its Chairman of the Board, its Chief Executive Officer, its Chief Financial Officer, its Chief Operating Officer, its President,
any of its Vice Presidents or any other duly authorized officer of the Company or any person duly authorized by any of them, and
delivered to the Trustee.

 

“Corporate
Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at its address specified in Section 1.6 or such other address
as to which the Trustee may give notice to the Company.

 

“corporation”
includes corporations, companies, associations, partnerships, limited partnerships, limited liability companies, joint-stock companies
and trusts.

 

“Covenant
Defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 13.3.

 

“CUSIP”
means the Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures.

 

“Custodian”
means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

 

“Debt”
means any obligation created or assumed by any Person for the repayment of money borrowed and any purchase money obligation created
or assumed by such Person and any guarantee of the foregoing.

 

“Default”
means, with respect to a series of Securities, any event that is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would be, an Event of
Default.

 

“Defaulted
Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 3.7.

 

“Definitive
Security” means a security other than a Global Security or a temporary Security.

 

“Depositary”
means, with respect to the Securities of any series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities,
a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act that is designated to act as Depositary for such Securities as contemplated
by Section 3.1, until a successor Depositary shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture,
and thereafter shall mean or include each Person which is a Depositary hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such
Person, shall be a collective reference to such Persons.

 

 

 

    	 	3	 

     

    

 

“Designated
Senior Debt” shall have the meaning given to such term in any Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto.

 

“Dollar”
or “$” means the coin or currency of the United States of America, which at the time of payment is legal tender
for the payment of public and private debts.

 

“Event of
Default” has the meaning specified in Section 5.1.

 

“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

“Foreign Currency”
means a currency used by the government of a country other than the United States of America.

 

“GAAP”
means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America as in effect from time to time, including those
set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity
as approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession. All ratios and computations based on GAAP contained in this
Indenture will be computed in conformity with GAAP.

 

“Global Security”
means a Security in global form that evidences all or part of a series of Securities and is authenticated and delivered to, and
registered in the name of, the Depositary for the Securities of such series or its nominee.

 

“Holder”
means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Security Register.

 

“Indenture”
means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, including, for all purposes of this instrument,
and any such supplemental indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be part of and govern this instrument
and any such supplemental indenture, respectively. The term “Indenture” also shall include the terms of particular
series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 3.1.

 

“interest,”
when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest
payable after Maturity.

 

“Interest
Payment Date,” when used with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such
Security.

 

“Judgment
Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 1.16.

 

“Legal Defeasance”
has the meaning specified in Section 13.2.

 

 

 

    	 	4	 

     

    

 

“mandatory
sinking fund payment” has the meaning specified in Section 12.1.

 

“Maturity,”
when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes
due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption
or otherwise.

 

“Notice of
Default” means a written notice of the kind specified in Section 5.1(d).

 

“Officer’s
Certificate” means, in the case of the Company, a certificate signed by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive
Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, the President, any Vice President or any other duly authorized
officer of the Company, or a person duly authorized by any of them, and delivered to the Trustee.

 

“Opinion of
Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company and who shall be reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee.

 

“optional
sinking fund payment” has the meaning specified in Section 12.1.

 

“Original
Issue Discount Security” means any Security which provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be
due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2.

 

“Outstanding,”
when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture, except:

 

(a)       Securities
theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

 

(b)       Securities
for whose payment or redemption money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent
(other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying
Agent) for the Holders of such Securities; provided, however, that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice
of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made;

 

(c)       Securities
which have been paid pursuant to Section 3.6 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated
and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to
the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities are
valid obligations of the Company; and

 

(d)       Securities,
except to the extent provided in Section 13.2 and Section 13.3, with respect to which the Company has effected
Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance as provided in Article Thirteen, which Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance then continues
in effect;

 

 

 

    	 	5	 

     

    

 

provided, however, that in
determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, (i) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security
that shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date
of such determination upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof on such date pursuant to Section 5.2, (ii) the principal
amount of a Security denominated in one or more currencies or currency units other than U.S. dollars shall be the U.S. dollar equivalent
of such currencies or currency units, determined in the manner provided as contemplated by Section 3.1 on the date
of original issuance of such Security or by Section 1.15, if not otherwise so provided pursuant to Section 3.1,
of the principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the U.S. dollar equivalent (as so determined)
on the date of original issuance of such Security of the amount determined as provided in clause (i) above) of such Security, and
(iii) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other
obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected
in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which the Trustee
knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned as described in clause (iii) of the immediately preceding sentence
which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee
the pledgee’s right to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon
the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor.

 

“Paying Agent”
means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the principal of and any premium or interest on any Securities on behalf of the
Company.

 

“Periodic
Offering” means an offering of Securities of a series from time to time, the specific terms of which Securities, including,
without limitation, the rate or rates of interest or formula for determining the rate or rates of interest thereon, if any, the
Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities thereof, the original issue date or dates thereof, the redemption provisions, if any, with
respect thereto, and any other terms specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 with respect thereto, are to be determined
by the Company upon the issuance of such Securities.

 

“Person”
means any individual, corporation, company, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, joint venture, association,
joint-stock company, trust, other entity, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

 

“Place of
Payment,” when used with respect to the Securities of any series, means, unless otherwise specifically provided for with
respect to such series as contemplated by Section 3.1, the office or agency of the Company in the City of New York
and such other place or places where, subject to the provisions of Section 10.2, the principal of and any premium and
interest on the Securities of that series are payable as contemplated by Section 3.1.

 

“Predecessor
Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that
evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under
Section 3.6 in exchange for or in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence
the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

 

 

 

    	 	6	 

     

    

 

“Redemption
Date,” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant
to this Indenture.

 

“Redemption
Price,” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant
to this Indenture.

 

“Regular Record
Date” for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified
for that purpose as contemplated by Section 3.1.

 

“Required
Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 1.16.

 

“Responsible
Officer” when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer within the Corporate Trust Administration of the Trustee
(or any successor group of the Trustee) or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed
by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer
to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

 

“SEC”
means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time
after the execution of this instrument such commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust
Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.

 

“Securities”
has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.

 

“Security
Register” and “Security Registrar” have the respective meanings specified in Section 3.5.

 

“Senior Debt”
means (a) all Debt of the Company, whether currently outstanding or hereafter issued, unless, by the terms of the instrument creating
or evidencing such Debt, it is provided that such Debt is not superior in right of payment to the Securities, and (b) any modifications,
refunding, deferrals, renewals or extensions of any such Debt or securities, notes or other evidence of Debt issued in exchange
for such Debt; provided that in no event shall “Senior Debt” include (i) Debt of the Company owed or owing to
any Subsidiary of the Company or any officer, director or employee of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, (ii) Debt to
trade creditors or (iii) any liability for taxes owned or owing by the Company.

 

“Significant
Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary that would be a “Significant Subsidiary” of the Company within the meaning
of Rule 1-02 under Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC.

 

“Special Record
Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.7.

 

“Stated Maturity,”
when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified in
such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and
payable.

 

 

 

    	 	7	 

     

    

 

“Subsidiary”
means (a) a corporation more than 50% of the outstanding voting stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company
or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more other Subsidiaries or (b) any partnership or similar business
organization more than 50% of the ownership interests having ordinary voting power of which shall at the time be so owned. For
the purposes of this definition, “voting stock” means capital stock or equity interests which ordinarily have
voting power for the election of directors, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock has such voting power
by reason of any contingency.

 

“Trustee”
means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have
become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include
each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee”
as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

 

“Trust Indenture
Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, as in force at the date as of which this instrument was executed,
except as provided in Section 9.5; provided, however, that if the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended
after such date, “Trust Indenture Act” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture
Act of 1939 as so amended.

 

“U.S. Person”
shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code.

 

“U.S. Government
Obligations” means securities which are (a) direct obligations of the United States for the payment of which its full
faith and credit is pledged, or (b) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality
of the United States, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States,
each of which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.

 

“Vice President,”
when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee, means any vice president, regardless of whether designated by a number or
a word or words added before or after the title “vice president.”

 

1.2       Incorporation
by Reference of Trust Indenture Act. Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the Trust Indenture Act, the provision
is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following Trust Indenture Act terms used in this Indenture
have the following meanings:

 

“commission”
means the SEC.

 

“indenture securities”
means the Securities.

 

“indenture security
holder” means a Holder.

 

 

 

    	 	8	 

     

    

 

“indenture to
be qualified” means this Indenture.

 

“indenture trustee”
or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee.

 

“obligor”
on the indenture securities means the Company or any other obligor on the indenture securities.

 

All terms used in this
Indenture that are defined by the Trust Indenture Act, defined by a Trust Indenture Act reference to another statute or defined
by an SEC rule under the Trust Indenture Act have the meanings so assigned to them.

 

1.3       Compliance
Certificates and Opinions. Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision
of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent,
if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating
that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of
any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this
Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished except as
required under Section 314(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.

 

Every certificate or
opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (except for certificates provided
for in Section 10.5) shall include:

 

(a)       a
statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein
relating thereto;

 

(b)       a
brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained
in such certificate or opinion are based;

 

(c)       a
statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable
him to express an informed opinion as to whether such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

 

(d)       a
statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

 

1.4       Form
of Documents Delivered to Trustee. In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion
of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect
to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to
such matters in one or several documents.

 

Any certificate or
opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows or, in the exercise of reasonable care, should know that the certificate
or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such
certificate or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is
in the possession of the Company unless such counsel knows that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such
matters are erroneous.

 

 

 

    	 	9	 

     

    

 

Where any Person is
required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments
under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

 

1.5       Acts
of Holders; Record Dates.

 

(a)       Any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken
by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed (either physically
or by means of a facsimile or an electronic transmission, provided that such electronic transmission is transmitted through the
facilities of a Depositary) by such Holders in person or by agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly
provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is
hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby)
are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of
execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture
and (subject to Section 315 of the Trust Indenture Act) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made
in the manner provided in this Section.

 

(b)       The
fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such
execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying
that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by a
signer acting in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient
proof of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing
the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

 

(c)       The
ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of Securities held by any Person, and the date of commencement of such Person’s
holding of same, shall be proved by the Security Register.

 

(d)       Any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every
future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange
therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in reliance
thereon, regardless of whether notation of such action is made upon such Security.

 

 

 

    	 	10	 

     

    

 

(e)       Without
limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled to give or take any action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so
with regard to all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly appointed agents each of which may
do so pursuant to such appointment with regard to all or any different part of such principal amount.

 

(f)       The
Company may set any day as the record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled
to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided or permitted by this
Indenture to be given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so. With
regard to any record date set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on such
record date (or their duly appointed agents), and only such Persons, shall be entitled to give or take the relevant action, regardless
of whether such Holders remain Holders after such record date.

 

1.6       Notices,
Etc., to Trustee and Company.

 

(a)       Any
notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the others is duly given if in writing and delivered in Person or mailed
by first class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), telecopier or overnight air courier guaranteeing next
day delivery, to the others’ address:

 

If to the Company:

Pacific Ethanol, Inc.

400 Capitol Mall, Suite 2060

Sacramento, CA 95035

Facsimile: (916) 446-3937

Attention: General Counsel

If to the Trustee:

[TRUSTEE], as Trustee

___________________________

___________________________

___________________________

Facsimile: _________________

 

(b)       The
Company or the Trustee, by notice to the others, may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.

 

(c)       All
notices and communications (other than those sent to Holders) shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by
hand, if personally delivered; three Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; when receipt
acknowledged, if telecopied; and the next Business Day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing
next day delivery.

 

 

 

    	 	11	 

     

    

 

1.7       Notice
to Holders; Waiver. Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given
(unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected by
such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the earliest
date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail
such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with
respect to other Holders. Any notice mailed to a Holder in the manner herein prescribed shall be conclusively deemed to have been
received by such Holder, regardless of whether such Holder actually receives such notice.

 

Where this Indenture
provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before
or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the
Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

 

In case by reason of
the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then
such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose
hereunder.

 

1.8       Conflict
with Trust Indenture Act. If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision of the Trust Indenture Act
that is required under such Act to be a part of and govern this Indenture, the latter provision shall control. If any provision
of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust Indenture Act that may be so modified or excluded, the latter
provision shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or excluded, as the case may be.

 

1.9       Effect
of Headings and Table of Contents. The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only
and shall not affect the construction hereof.

 

1.10       Successors
and Assigns. All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind their respective successors and assigns,
whether so expressed or not.

 

1.11       Separability
Clause. In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity,
legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

 

1.12       Benefits
of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties
hereto and their successors hereunder, the holders of Senior Debt and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or equitable right,
remedy or claim under this Indenture.

 

 

 

    	 	12	 

     

    

 

1.13       Governing
Law. THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

1.14       Legal
Holidays. In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business
Day at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities (other than a provision
of the Securities of any series that specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section 1.14))
payment of interest or principal and any premium need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the
next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or
Redemption Date, or at the Stated Maturity, provided that no interest shall accrue for the period from and after such Interest
Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity, as the case may be.

 

1.15       Securities
in a Composite Currency, Currency Unit or Foreign Currency. Unless otherwise specified in an Officer’s Certificate delivered
pursuant to Section 3.1 of this Indenture with respect to a particular series of Securities, whenever for purposes
of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities
of all series or all series affected by a particular action at the time Outstanding and, at such time, there are Outstanding Securities
of any series which are denominated in a coin, currency or currencies other than Dollars (including, but not limited to, any composite
currency, currency units or Foreign Currency), then the principal amount of Securities of such series which shall be deemed to
be Outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount at
the Market Exchange Rate. For purposes of this Section 1.15, the term “Market Exchange Rate” shall
mean the noon Dollar buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers of such currency or currencies as published by the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York, as of the most recent available date. If such Market Exchange Rate is not so available for any
reason with respect to such currency, the Trustee shall use, in its sole discretion and without liability on its part, such quotation
of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as of the most recent available date, or quotations or rates of exchange from one or more
major banks in The City of New York or in the country of issue of the currency in question, which for purposes of euros shall be
Brussels, Belgium, or such other quotations or rates of exchange as the Trustee shall deem appropriate. The provisions of this
paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a series denominated in a currency
other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.

 

All decisions and determinations
of the Trustee regarding the Market Exchange Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding paragraph shall
be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive to the extent permitted by law for all purposes
and irrevocably binding upon the Issuer and all Holders.

 

1.16       Payment
in Required Currency; Judgment Currency. The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable
law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal
of or interest on the Securities of any series (the “Required Currency”) into a currency in which a judgment
will be rendered (the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance
with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency
on the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a Banking Day, then, to the extent permitted
by applicable law, the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee
could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the Banking Day next preceding the day
on which final unappealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency
(i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, or any recovery pursuant to any judgment (regardless of whether entered
in accordance with subclause (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery
shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect
of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the
Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency
so expressed to be payable and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture.

 

 

 

    	 	13	 

     

    

 

1.17       Language
of Notices, Etc. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act required or permitted under
this Indenture shall be in the English language, except that any published notice may be in an official language of the country
of publication.

 

1.18       Incorporators,
Shareholders, Officers and Directors of the Company Exempt from Individual Liability. No recourse under or upon any obligation,
covenant or agreement of or contained in this Indenture or of or contained in any Security or for any claim based thereon or otherwise
in respect thereof, or in any Security or because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby, shall be had against
any incorporator, stockholder, member, officer, manager or director, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or any successor
Person, either directly or through the Company or any successor Person, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule
of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise, it being expressly understood that all such liability
is hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a part of the consideration for, the execution of this Indenture
and the issue of the Securities.

 

ARTICLE
Two

SECURITY FORMS

 

2.1       Forms
Generally. The Securities of each series shall be in substantially the form set forth in this Article Two, or in such other
form or forms as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in
each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this
Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon
as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers
executing such Securities as evidenced by their execution thereof.

 

 

 

    	 	14	 

     

    

 

The definitive Securities
shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined
by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution thereof. If the form of Securities of any series is
established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by
an authorized officer or other authorized person on behalf of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery
of the Company Order contemplated by Section 3.3 for the authentication and delivery of such Securities.

 

The forms of Global
Securities of any series shall have such provisions and legends as are customary for Securities of such series in global form,
including without limitation any legend required by the Depositary for the Securities of such series.

 

2.2       Form
of Face of Security. [If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security, insert—FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 1275
OF THE UNITED STATES INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986, AS AMENDED, THE AMOUNT OF THE ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT IS _______________, THE
ISSUE DATE IS _______________, 20__ [AND] [_____,] THE YIELD TO MATURITY IS _______________ [_____,] [AND THE ORIGINAL ISSUE
DISCOUNT FOR THE SHORT ACCRUAL PERIOD IS _______________ AND THE METHOD USED TO DETERMINE THE YIELD THEREFOR IS _______________]]

 

[Insert any other legend required by
the Code or the regulations thereunder.]

 

[If a Global Security,—insert
legend required by Section 2.4 of the Indenture] [If applicable, insert —UNLESS THIS SECURITY IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION, TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER,
EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY SECURITY ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY
AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY
AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR
VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL SINCE THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.]

 

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

 

[TITLE OF SECURITY]

 

	No _______________	U.S. $__________

 

[CUSIP No. ________]

 

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC., a company duly incorporated
under the laws of the State of Delaware (herein called the “Company,” which term includes any successor or resulting
Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to _______________, or registered
assigns, the principal sum of _______________ United States Dollars on _______________. [If the Security is to bear interest
prior to Maturity, insert—, and to pay interest thereon from _______________ or from the most recent Interest Payment Date
to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, semi-annually on _______________ and _______________ in each year, commencing
_______________, at the rate of _____% per annum, until the principal hereof is paid or made available for payment [if applicable,
insert—, and at the rate of _____% per annum on any overdue principal and premium and on any installment of interest (to
the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable)]. The interest so payable, and punctually paid or
duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which
shall be the _______________ or _______________ (regardless of whether a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such
Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for will forthwith cease to be payable to the
Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed
by the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this series not less than 10 days prior to such Special
Record Date, or be paid at any time in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange
on which the Securities of this series may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, all as more fully
provided in said Indenture].

 

 

 

    	 	15	 

     

    

 

[If the Security is not to bear interest
prior to Maturity, insert—The principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a default in payment
of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated Maturity and in such case the overdue principal of this Security shall
bear interest at the rate of _____% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), which
shall accrue from the date of such default in payment to the date payment of such principal has been made or duly provided for.
Interest on any overdue principal shall be payable on demand. Any such interest on any overdue principal that is not so paid on
demand shall bear interest at the rate of _____% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable),
which shall accrue from the date of such demand for payment to the date payment of such interest has been made or duly provided
for, and such interest shall also be payable on demand.]

 

[If a Global Security, insert—Payment
of the principal of (and premium, if any) and [if applicable, insert—any such] interest on this Security will be made
by transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account in _______________ designated by the Holder in such coin or currency
of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts [state other
currency].]

 

[If a Definitive Security, insert—Payment
of the principal of (and premium, if any) and [if applicable, insert—any such] interest on this Security will be made
at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in _______________, in such coin or currency of the United States
of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts] [state other currency] [or subject
to any laws or regulations applicable thereto and to the right of the Company (as provided in the Indenture) to rescind the designation
of any such Paying Agent, at the [main] offices of _______________ in _______________, or at such other offices or agencies
as the Company may designate, by [United States Dollar] [state other currency] check drawn on, or transfer to a [United
States Dollar] account maintained by the payee with, a bank in The City of New York (so long as the applicable Paying Agency
has received proper transfer instructions in writing at least _____ days prior to the payment date)] [if applicable, insert—;
provided, however, that payment of interest may be made at the option of the Company by [United States Dollar] [state
other currency] check mailed to the addresses of the Persons entitled thereto as such addresses shall appear in the Security
Register] [or by transfer to a [United States Dollar] [state other currency] account maintained by the payee with a bank
in The City of New York [state other Place of Payment] (so long as the applicable Paying Agent has received proper transfer
instructions in writing by the record date prior to the applicable Interest Payment Date)].]

 

 

 

    	 	16	 

     

    

 

Reference is hereby made to the further
provisions of this Security set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect
as if set forth at this place.

 

Unless the certificate of authentication
hereon has been executed by the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security shall not be entitled
to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the Company has caused this instrument to be duly executed.

 

 

	Dated:_________________	PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.
	 	 
	 	 
	 	By:______________________

 

 

2.3       Form
of Reverse of Security. This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of subordinated securities of the Company (herein called
the “Securities”), issued and to be issued in one or more series under an Indenture, dated as of _______________,
20__ (herein called the “Indenture”), between the Company and [TRUSTEE] (herein called the “Trustee,”
which term includes any successor trustee under the Indenture), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto reference
is hereby made for a statement, of the respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company,
the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and
delivered. As provided in the Indenture, the Securities may be issued in one or more series, which different series may be issued
in various aggregate principal amounts, may mature at different times, may bear interest, if any, at different rates, may be subject
to different redemption provisions, if any, may be subject to different sinking, purchase or analogous funds, if any, may be subject
to different covenants and Events of Default and may otherwise vary as in the Indenture provided or permitted. This Security is
one of the series designated on the face hereof [, limited in aggregate principal amount to $_______________].

 

 

 

    	 	17	 

     

    

 

This security is the
general, unsecured, subordinated obligation of the Company.

 

[If applicable,
insert—The Securities of this series are subject to redemption upon not less than _____ days’ notice by mail, [if applicable,
insert, —(1) on _______________ in any year commencing with the year _____ and ending with the year _____ through operation
of the sinking fund for this series at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount, and (2) ] at any time [on
or after _______________, 20__], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the following Redemption Prices
(expressed as percentages of the principal amount): If redeemed [on or before _______________, _____%, and if redeemed]
during the 12-month period beginning _______________ of the years indicated,

 

 

	
        Year
	 	
        Redemption
        Price
	 	
        Year
	 	
        Redemption
        Price

	 	 	 	 	 	 	 

 

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal
to % of the principal amount, together in the case of any such redemption [if applicable, insert—(whether through operation
of the sinking fund or otherwise)] with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity
is on or prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities,
of record at the close of business on the relevant record dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.]

 

[If applicable, insert—The Securities
of this series are subject to redemption upon not less than _____ nor more than _____ days’ notice by mail, (1) on _______________
in any year commencing with the year and ending with the year _____ through operation of the sinking fund for this series at the
Redemption Prices for redemption through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth
in the table below, and (2) at anytime [on or after _______________], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company,
at the Redemption Prices for redemption otherwise than through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as percentages of the principal
amount) set forth in the table below: If redeemed during the 12-month period beginning _______________ of the years indicated,

 

	
        Year
	 	
        Redemption
        Price for 

Redemption Through 

Operation of the Sinking

 Fund
	 	
        Redemption
        Price for 

Redemption Otherwise Than 

Through Operation of the 

Sinking Fund

	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	 	 	 

 

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal
to _____% of the principal amount, together in the case of any such redemption (whether through operation of the sinking fund or
otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such
Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close
of business on the relevant record dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.]

 

[If applicable, insert—Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the Company may not, prior to _______________, redeem any Securities of this series as contemplated by [clause (2)
of] the preceding paragraph as a part of, or in anticipation of, any refunding operation by the application, directly or indirectly,
of moneys borrowed having an interest cost to the Company (calculated in accordance with generally accepted financial practice)
of less than _____% per annum.]

 

 

 

    	 	18	 

     

    

 

[If applicable, insert—The sinking
fund for this series provides for the redemption on _______________ in each year beginning with the year _____ and ending with
the year _____ of [not less than] $__________ [(“mandatory sinking fund”) and not more than $__________]
aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series. [Securities of this series acquired or redeemed by the Company otherwise
than through [mandatory] sinking fund payments may be credited against subsequent [mandatory] sinking fund payments
otherwise required to be made [If applicable, insert— in the inverse order in which they become due].]

 

[If the Securities are subject to redemption
in part of any kind, insert—In the event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new Security or Securities of this
series and of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof will be issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation
hereof.]

 

[If applicable, insert—The Securities
of this series are not redeemable prior to Stated Maturity.]

 

[If the Security is not an Original
Issue Discount Security, insert—If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be continuing,
the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the
Indenture.]

 

[If the Security is an Original Issue
Discount Security, insert —If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be continuing,
an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided
in the Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to —insert formula for determining the amount. Upon payment (i) of the amount
of principal so declared due and payable and (ii) of interest on any overdue principal and overdue interest (in each case to the
extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), all of the Company’s obligations in respect of the
payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of this series shall terminate.]

 

The Indenture permits,
with certain exceptions as therein provided, the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the Company
and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and
the Trustee with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding of each
series to be affected. The Indenture also contains provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount
of the Securities of each series at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive compliance
by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any
such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders
of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof,
regardless of whether notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.

 

 

 

    	 	19	 

     

    

 

No reference herein
to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which
is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on this Security at the times, place(s)
and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed.

 

[If a Global Security, insert—This
Global Security or portion hereof may not be exchanged for Definitive Securities of this series except in the limited circumstances
provided in the Indenture. The holders of beneficial interests in this Global Security will not be entitled to receive physical
delivery of Definitive Securities except as described in the Indenture and will not be considered the Holders thereof for any purpose
under the Indenture.]

 

[If a Definitive Security, insert—As
provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, the transfer of this Security is registerable in
the Security Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company in [If
applicable, insert—any place where the principal of and any premium and interest on this Security are payable] [If applicable,
insert—The City of New York [, or, subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto and to the right of the Company
(limited as provided in the Indenture) to rescind the designation of any such transfer agent, at the [main] offices of _______________
in _______________ or at such other offices or agencies as the Company may designate]], duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a written
instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his
attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of this series and of like tenor, of authorized denominations
and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees.]

 

The Securities of this
series are issuable only in registered form without coupons in denominations of U.S. $__________ and any integral multiple thereof. As provided
in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate
principal amount of Securities of this series and of like tenor of a different authorized denomination, as requested by the Holder
surrendering the same.

 

No service charge shall
be made for any such registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any
tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

 

Prior to due presentment
of this Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the
Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all purposes, regardless of whether this Security be overdue,
and none of the Company, the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

 

This Security is subordinated
in right of payment to Senior Debt, to the extent and in the manner provided in the Indenture.

 

 

 

    	 	20	 

     

    

 

No recourse under or
upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of or contained in the Indenture or of or contained in any Security, or for any claim
based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, or in any Security, or because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby,
shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, member, officer, manager or director, as such, past, present or future, of
the Company or of any successor Person, either directly or through the Company or any successor Person, whether by virtue of any
constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment, penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood
that all such liability is hereby expressly waived and released by the acceptance hereof and as a condition of, and as part of
the consideration for, the Securities and the execution of the Indenture.

 

The Indenture provides
that the Company (a) will be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the Securities (except for certain obligations
described in the Indenture), or (b) need not comply with certain restrictive covenants of the Indenture, in each case if the Company
deposits, in trust, with the Trustee money or U.S. Government Obligations (or a combination thereof) which through the payment
of interest thereon and principal thereof in accordance with their terms will provide money, in an amount sufficient to pay all
the principal of and interest on the Securities, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required
by law.

 

Except as otherwise
defined herein, all terms used in this Security which are defined in the Indenture shall have the meanings assigned to them in
the Indenture.

 

[If a Definitive Security, insert as
a separate page—

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned
hereby sell(s), assign(s) and transfer(s) unto

 

(Please Print or Typewrite Name and Address of Assignee)

 

the within instrument of PACIFIC ETHANOL,
INC. and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint _______________ Attorney to transfer said instrument on the books of the
within-named Company, with full power of substitution in the premises.

 

Please Insert Social Security or Other
Identifying Number of Assignee:

 

	Dated:_______________	 
	 	(Signature)

 

NOTICE: The signature to this assignment
must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the within instrument in every particular, without alteration or enlargement
or any change whatever.]

 

2.4       Global
Securities. Every Global Security authenticated and delivered hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following
form:

 

 

 

    	 	21	 

     

    

 

THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN
THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS SECURITY
MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED TO, OR REGISTERED OR EXCHANGED FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF, ANY PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY
OR A NOMINEE THEREOF AND NO SUCH TRANSFER MAY BE REGISTERED, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE.

 

EVERY SECURITY AUTHENTICATED AND DELIVERED
UPON REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER OF, OR IN EXCHANGE FOR OR IN LIEU OF, THIS SECURITY SHALL BE A GLOBAL SECURITY SUBJECT TO THE FOREGOING,
EXCEPT IN SUCH LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES.

 

If Securities of a
series are issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, as specified as contemplated by Section 3.1,
then, notwithstanding clause (i) of Section 3.1 and the provisions of Section 3.2, any Global Security
shall represent such of the Outstanding Securities of such series as shall be specified therein and may provide that it shall represent
the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount of Outstanding
Securities represented thereby may from time to time be reduced or increased, as the case may be, to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement
of a Global Security to reflect the amount, or any reduction or increase in the amount, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby
shall be made in such manner and upon instructions given by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or in a Company
Order. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3, Section 3.4 and Section 3.5, the Trustee shall
deliver and redeliver any Global Security in the manner and upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein
or in the applicable Company Order. Any instructions by the Company with respect to endorsement or delivery or redelivery of a
Global Security shall be in a Company Order (which need not comply with Section 1.3 and need not be accompanied by
an Opinion of Counsel).

 

The provisions of the
last sentence of Section 3.3 shall apply to any Security represented by a Global Security if such Security was never
issued and sold by the Company and the Company delivers to the Trustee the Global Security together with a Company Order (which
need not comply with Section 1.3 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) with regard to the reduction
or increase, as the case may be, in the principal amount of Securities represented thereby, together with the written statement
contemplated by the last sentence of Section 3.3.

 

2.5       Form
of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication. The Trustee’s certificate(s) of authentication shall be in substantially
the following form:

 

This is one of the
Securities of the series designated [insert title of applicable series] referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

 

	 	 
	 	as Trustee
	 	 
	 	By:____________________________________________
	 	As Authenticating Officer

 

 

 

    	 	22	 

     

    

 

ARTICLE
Three

THE SECURITIES

 

3.1       Amount
Unlimited; Issuable in Series. The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture is unlimited.

 

The Securities may
be issued in one or more series. There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth, or determined
in the manner provided, in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior
to the issuance of Securities of any series,

 

(a)       the
title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other Securities and which
may be part of a series of Securities previously issued);

 

(b)       any
limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
(except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities
of the series pursuant to Section 3.4, Section 3.5, Section 3.6, Section 9.6 or
Section 11.7 and except for any Securities which, pursuant to Section 3.3, are deemed never to have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder);

 

(c)       the
Person to whom any interest on a Security of the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest;

 

(d)       the
date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable or the method of determination thereof;

 

(e)       the
rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or the formula, method or provision pursuant to
which such rate or rates are determined, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue or the method of determination
thereof, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date for the interest payable
on any Interest Payment Date;

 

(f)       the
place or places where, subject to the provisions of Section 10.2, the principal of and any premium and interest on
Securities of the series shall be payable, Securities of the series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, Securities
of the series may be surrendered for exchange and notices, and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of the
series and this Indenture may be served;

 

(g)       the
period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may
be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;

 

(h)       the
obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions
or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions
upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

 

 

 

    	 	23	 

     

    

 

(i)       if
other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall
be issuable;

 

(j)       whether
payment of principal of and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Securities of the series shall be without deduction for
taxes, assessments or governmental charges paid by Holders of the series;

 

(k)       if
other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2;

 

(l)       if
the amount of payments of principal of and any premium or interest on the Securities of the series may be determined with reference
to an index, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

 

(m)       if
and as applicable, that the Securities of the series shall be issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities
and, in such case, the Depositary or Depositaries for such Global Security or Global Securities and any circumstances other than
those set forth in Section 3.5 in which any such Global Security may be transferred to, and registered and exchanged
for Securities registered in the name of, a Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof and
in which any such transfer may be registered;

 

(n)       any
deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default set forth in Section 5.1 or the covenants of
the Company set forth in Article Ten with respect to the Securities of such series;

 

(o)       whether
and under what circumstances the Company will pay additional amounts on the Securities of the series held by a Person who is not
a U.S. Person in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge withheld or deducted and, if so, whether the Company will
have the option to redeem the Securities of the series rather than pay such additional amounts;

 

(p)       if
the Securities of the series are to be issuable in definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary
Security of such series) only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions, the
form and terms of such certificates, documents or conditions;

 

(q)       if
the Securities of the series are to be convertible into or exchangeable for any other security or property of the Company, including,
without limitation, securities of another Person held by the Company or its Affiliates and, if so, the terms thereof;

 

 

 

    	 	24	 

     

    

 

(r)       if
other than as provided in Section 13.2 and Section 13.3, the means of Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance
as may be specified for the Securities of the series;

 

(s)       if
other than the Trustee, the identity of the initial Security Registrar and any initial Paying Agent; and

 

(t)       any
other terms of the series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture).

 

All Securities of any
one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to
the Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section 3.3) set forth, or determined in the manner provided,
in the Officer’s Certificate referred to above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.

 

All Securities of any
one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the consent of
the Holders, for increases in the aggregate principal amount of such series of Securities and issuances of additional Securities
of such series or for the establishment of additional terms with respect to the Securities of such series.

 

If any of the terms
of the series are established by action taken by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action
shall be certified by an authorized officer or other authorized person on behalf of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at
or prior to the delivery of the Officer’s Certificate setting forth, or providing the manner for determining, the terms of
the series.

 

With respect to Securities
of a series subject to a Periodic Offering, such Board Resolution or Officer’s Certificate may provide general terms for
Securities of such series and provide either that the specific terms of particular Securities of such series shall be specified
in a Company Order or that such terms shall be determined by the Company or one or more agents thereof designated in an Officer’s
Certificate, in accordance with a Company Order.

 

3.2       Denominations.
The Securities of each series shall be issuable in registered form without coupons in such denominations as shall be specified
as contemplated by Section 3.1. In the absence of any such provisions with respect to the Securities of any series,
the Securities of such series shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

 

3.3       Execution,
Authentication, Delivery and Dating. The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board,
its Chief Executive Officer, its President, its Chief Financial Officer or any of its Vice Presidents and need not be attested.
The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile.

 

Securities bearing
the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery
of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

 

 

 

    	 	25	 

     

    

 

At any time and from
time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities,
and the Trustee in accordance with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities; provided, however, that in
the case of Securities offered in a Periodic Offering, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver such Securities from time to
time in accordance with such other procedures (including, without limitation, the receipt by the Trustee of oral or electronic
instructions from the Company or its duly authorized agents, thereafter promptly confirmed in writing) acceptable to the Trustee
as may be specified by or pursuant to a Company Order delivered to the Trustee prior to the time of the first authentication of
Securities of such series. If the forms or terms of the Securities of the series have been established in or pursuant to one or
more Board Resolutions as permitted by Section 2.1 and Section 3.1, in authenticating such Securities,
and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled
to receive such documents as it may reasonably request. The Trustee shall also be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 6.1)
shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating,

 

(a)       if
the form or forms of such Securities has been established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution as permitted by Section 2.1,
that each such form has been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

 

(b)       if
the terms of such Securities have been, or in the case of Securities of a series offered in a Periodic Offering will be, established
in or pursuant to a Board Resolution as permitted by Section 3.1, that such terms have been, or in the case of Securities
of a series offered in a Periodic Offering will be, established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture, subject, in
the case of Securities of a series offered in a Periodic Offering, to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel; and

 

(c)       that
such Securities when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions
and assumptions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company enforceable
in accordance with their terms, subject to the following limitations: (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, reorganization, liquidation,
fraudulent conveyance or transfer and other similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors’
rights, or to general equity principles, (ii) the availability of equitable remedies being subject to the discretion of the court
to which application therefor is made; and (iii) such other usual and customary matters as shall be specified in such Opinion of
Counsel.

 

If such form or forms
or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture
or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

 

Notwithstanding the
provisions of Section 3.1 and of the preceding paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued
at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officer’s Certificate otherwise required pursuant to Section 3.1
or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel otherwise required pursuant to such preceding paragraph at or prior to the time of
authentication of each Security of such series if such documents are delivered at or prior to the authentication upon original
issuance of the first Security of such series to be issued.

 

 

 

    	 	26	 

     

    

 

With respect to Securities
of a series offered in a Periodic Offering, the Trustee may rely, as to the authorization by the Company of any of such Securities,
on the form or forms and terms thereof and the legality, validity, binding effect and enforceability thereof, upon the Opinion
of Counsel and the other documents delivered pursuant to Section 2.1 and Section 3.1 and this Section,
as applicable, in connection with the first authentication of Securities of such series.

 

Each Security shall
be dated the date of its authentication.

 

No Security shall be
entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein executed by the Trustee by manual signature of an authorized
officer, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been
duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if
any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall
deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 3.9 for all purposes of this Indenture
such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits
of this Indenture.

 

3.4       Temporary
Securities. Pending the preparation of Definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or
otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the Definitive Securities in lieu of which they
are issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities
may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

 

If temporary Securities
of any series are issued, the Company will cause Definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable delay.
After the preparation of Definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for
Definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the office or agency of the Company
in a Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary
Securities of any series the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal
amount of Definitive Securities of the same series and tenor of authorized denominations. Until so exchanged the temporary Securities
of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as Definitive Securities of such series.

 

3.5       Registration,
Registration of Transfer and Exchange. The Company shall cause to be kept at the office or agency of the Company in the Borough
of Manhattan, the City of New York or in any other office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment required by Section 10.2
a register (the register maintained in such office being herein sometimes referred to as the “Security Register”)
in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of Securities
and of transfers of Securities. The Trustee is hereby appointed as the initial “Security Registrar” for the
purpose of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided, and its corporate trust office in New York City,
which, at the date hereof, is located at [___________________], New York, New York [_________], is the initial office or agency
in the Borough of Manhattan where the Securities Register will be maintained. The Company may at any time replace such Security
Registrar, change such office or agency or act as its own Security Registrar. The Company will give prompt written notice to the
Trustee of any change of the Security Registrar or of the location of such office or agency.

 

 

 

    	 	27	 

     

    

 

Upon surrender for
registration of transfer of any Security of any series at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 10.2
for such purpose, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee
or transferees, one or more new Securities of the same series and tenor, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate
principal amount.

 

At the option of the
Holder, Securities of any series (except a Global Security) may be exchanged for other Securities of the same series and tenor,
of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such
office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver the Securities, which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

 

All Securities issued
upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company evidencing the same debt,
and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

 

Every Security presented
or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly endorsed,
or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed,
by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

 

No service charge shall
be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to
cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities,
other than exchanges pursuant to Section 3.4, Section 9.6 or Section 11.7 not involving any
transfer.

 

The Company shall not
be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at, the opening
of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of that series selected for redemption
under Section 11.3 and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (b) to register the transfer
of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being
redeemed in part.

 

 

 

    	 	28	 

     

    

 

Notwithstanding any
other provisions of this Indenture and except as otherwise specified with respect to any particular series of Securities as contemplated
by Section 3.1, a Global Security representing all or a portion of the Securities of a series may not be transferred,
except as a whole by the Depositary for such series to a nominee of such Depositary or by a nominee of such Depositary to such
Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by such Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary for such series
or a nominee of such successor Depositary. Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of, transfer of, or in
exchange for or in lieu of, a Global Security shall be a Global Security except as provided in the two paragraphs immediately following.

 

If at any time the
Depositary for any Securities of a series represented by one or more Global Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling
or unable to continue as Depositary for such Securities or if at any time the Depositary for such Securities shall no longer be
eligible to continue as Depositary under Section 3.1 or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange
Act, the Company shall appoint a successor Depositary with respect to such Securities. If a successor Depositary for such Securities
is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such ineligibility, the
Company’s election pursuant to Section 3.1 that such Securities be represented by one or more Global Securities
shall no longer be effective and the Company will execute and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication
and delivery of Definitive Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series in definitive registered
form without coupons, in any authorized denominations, in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global
Security or Securities representing such Securities in exchange for such Global Security or Securities registered in the names
of such Persons as the Depositary shall direct.

 

The Company may at
any time and in its sole discretion determine that the Securities of any series issued in the form of one or more Global Securities
shall no longer be represented by a Global Security or Securities. In such event, the Company will execute and the Trustee, upon
receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of the Definitive Securities of such series, will authenticate and
deliver, Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in any authorized denominations, in an aggregate
principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security or Securities representing such Securities in exchange for
such Global Security or Securities registered in the names of such Persons as the Depositary shall direct.

 

If specified by the
Company pursuant to Section 3.1 with respect to Securities represented by a Global Security, the Depositary for such
Global Security may surrender such Global Security in exchange in whole or in part for Securities of the same series and tenor
in definitive registered form on such terms as are acceptable to the Company, the Trustee and such Depositary. Thereupon, the Company
shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of Securities in definitive
registered form, shall authenticate and deliver, without service charge,

 

(a)       to
the Person specified by such Depositary a new Security or Securities of the same series and tenor, of any authorized denominations
as requested by such Person, in an aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person’s beneficial interest
in the Global Security; and

 

 

 

    	 	29	 

     

    

 

(b)       to
such Depositary a new Global Security in a denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered
Global Security and the aggregate principal amount of Securities authenticated and delivered pursuant to clause (a) above.

 

Every Person who takes
or holds any beneficial interest in a Global Security agrees that:

 

(a)       the
Company and the Trustee may deal with the Depositary as sole owner of the Global Security and as the authorized representative
of such Person;

 

(b)       such
Person’s rights in the Global Security shall be exercised only through the Depositary and shall be limited to those established
by law and agreement between such Person and the Depositary and/or direct and indirect participants of the Depositary;

 

(c)       the
Depositary and its participants make book-entry transfers of beneficial ownership among, and receive and transmit distributions
of principal and interest on the Global Securities to, such Persons in accordance with their own procedures; and

 

(d)       none
of the Company, the Trustee, nor any agent of any of them will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records
relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Global Security or for maintaining, supervising
or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

 

3.6       Mutilated,
Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities. If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, together with, in proper cases,
such security or indemnity as may be required by the Company or the Trustee to save each of them and any agent of any of them harmless,
the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same series
and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

 

If there shall be delivered
to the Company and the Trustee (a) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (b) such
security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence
of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute
and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new
Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

 

In case any such mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead
of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

 

Upon the issuance of
any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected
therewith.

 

 

 

    	 	30	 

     

    

 

Every new Security
of any series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional
contractual obligation of the Company regardless of whether the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable
by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities
of that series duly issued hereunder.

 

The provisions of this
Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

 

3.7       Payment
of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved. Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1 with respect
to any series of Securities, interest on any Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest
Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the
close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest.

 

Any interest on any
Security of any series which is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein
called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular Record
Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case,
as provided in clause (a) or (b) below:

 

(a)       The
Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their
respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted
Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted
Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company
shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted
Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such
money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided.
Thereupon, the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than
15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the
Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in
the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special
Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of Securities of such series at his address as it
appears in the Security Register, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such
Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons
in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business
on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (b).

 

 

 

    	 	31	 

     

    

 

(b)       The
Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent
with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required
by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner
of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

 

Subject to the foregoing
provisions of this Section, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or
in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such
other Security.

 

3.8       Persons
Deemed Owners. Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1 with respect to any series of Securities,
prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent thereof may treat the
Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal
of and any premium and (subject to Section 3.5 and Section 3.7) any interest on such Security and for all
other purposes whatsoever, regardless of whether such Security be overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of
any of them shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

 

No holder of any beneficial
interest in any Global Security held on its behalf by a Depositary shall have any rights under this Indenture with respect to such
Global Security, and such Depositary may be treated by the Company, the Trustee and any agent thereof as the owner of such Global
Security for all purposes whatsoever.

 

3.9       Cancellation.
All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund
payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee and shall be promptly canceled
by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered
hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person
for delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company has not issued
and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly canceled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu
of or in exchange for any Securities canceled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All
canceled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of in accordance with its customary practices, and the Trustee shall
thereafter deliver to the Company a certificate with respect to such disposition from time to time upon written request.

 

3.10       Computation
of Interest. Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of any series, interest
on the Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis of a year of twelve 30-day months.

 

 

 

    	 	32	 

     

    

 

3.11       CUSIP
or CINS Numbers. The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” or “CINS” numbers (if then generally
in use, and in addition to the other identification numbers printed on the Securities), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP”
or “CINS” numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided, however, that any such
notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such “CUSIP” or “CINS” numbers
either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other
identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of
such “CUSIP” or “CINS” numbers.

 

ARTICLE
Four

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

 

4.1       Satisfaction
and Discharge of Indenture. This Indenture shall cease to be of further effect and will be discharged with respect to the Securities
of any series (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities and certain rights of the
Trustee, in each case, herein expressly provided for), and the Trustee, upon Company Request and at the expense of the Company,
shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to such Securities, when:

 

(a)       either

 

(i)       all
such Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than (A) such Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen
and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.6, and (B) such Securities for whose payment money has
theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged
from such trust, as provided in Section 10.3) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

 

(ii)       all
such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation:

 

(A)       have
become due and payable, or

 

(B)       will
become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or

 

(C)       are
to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption
by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

 

and the Company, in the
case of (A), (B) or (C) above, has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose
an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation, for principal (and premium, if any) and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have
become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be, together with instructions from the Company
irrevocably directing the Trustee to apply such funds to the payment thereof at maturity or redemption, as the case may be;

 

 

 

    	 	33	 

     

    

 

(b)       the
Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such Securities; and

 

(c)       the
Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, which, taken together, state that
all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to such
Securities have been complied with.

 

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture with respect to the Securities of any series, (x) the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 6.7,
the obligations of the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent under Section 6.14 and the right of the Trustee to resign
under Section 6.10 shall survive, and (y) if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a)
of this Section, the obligations of the Company and the Trustee under Section 4.2, Section 6.6 and Section 10.2
and the last paragraph of Section 10.3 shall survive.

 

4.2       Application
of Trust Money. Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all money deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Section 4.1 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities
and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying
Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal and any premium and interest for whose payment
such money has been deposited with the Trustee.

 

ARTICLE
Five

REMEDIES

 

5.1       Events
of Default. “Event of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any series, means any
one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or
be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any
administrative or governmental body):

 

(a)       default
in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default
for a period of 30 days (regardless of whether such payment is prohibited by the provisions of Article Fourteen hereof); or

 

(b)       default
in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security of that series at its Maturity (regardless of whether
such payment is prohibited by the provisions of Article Fourteen hereof); or

 

(c)       default
in the performance, or breach, of the covenant set forth in Section 8.1; or

 

 

 

    	 	34	 

     

    

 

(d)       default
in the performance, or breach, of any covenant in this Indenture (other than the covenant in Section 8.1 or any other
covenant a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with or which has expressly
been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of a series of Securities other than that series), and continuance of such
default or breach for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee
or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series
a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice
of Default” hereunder; or

 

(e)       the
Company or any Significant Subsidiary pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case or
proceeding, (ii) consents to the entry of any decree or order for relief against it in an involuntary case or proceeding, (iii)
consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property, (iv) makes a general assignment
for the benefit of its creditors, (v) consents to or acquiesces in the institution of a bankruptcy or an insolvency proceeding
against it, (vi) takes any corporate action to authorize or effect any of the foregoing, or (vii) takes any comparable action under
any foreign laws relating to insolvency; or

 

(f)       a
court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company or
any Significant Subsidiary in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary for all
or substantially all of its property, or (iii) orders the liquidation or winding up of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary;
and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 30 consecutive days; or

 

(g)       default
in the deposit of any sinking fund payment when due; or

 

(h)       any
other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that series in accordance with Section 3.1.

 

5.2       Acceleration
of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding
occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal amount (or, if the Securities of that series are Original Issue
Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series), together with any accrued
and unpaid interest thereon, of all of the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing
to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount),
together with any accrued and unpaid interest thereon, shall become immediately due and payable. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
if an Event of Default specified in clause (e) or (f) of Section 5.1 occurs, the Securities of any series at the time
Outstanding shall be due and payable immediately without further action or notice.

 

 

 

    	 	35	 

     

    

 

At any time after such
a declaration of acceleration with respect to Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment
of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article Five provided, the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such
declaration and its consequences if:

 

(a)       the
Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay:

 

(i)       all
overdue interest on all Securities of that series,

 

(ii)       the
principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities of that series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of
acceleration and any interest thereon at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,

 

(iii)       to
the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in
such Securities, and

 

(iv)       all
sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee,
its agents and counsel; and

 

(b)       all
Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series, other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that
series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13.

 

No such rescission
shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

 

5.3       Collection
of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. The Company covenants that if:

 

(a)       default
is made in the payment of any installment of interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default
continues for a period of 30 days (regardless of whether such payment is prohibited by the provisions of Article Fourteen hereof),
or

 

(b)       default
is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof (regardless of whether
such payment is prohibited by the provisions of Article Fourteen hereof),

 

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee,
pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal
and any premium and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue
principal and any premium and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition
thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation,
expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

 

 

 

    	 	36	 

     

    

 

If the Company fails
to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute
a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree
and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed
to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever
situated.

 

If an Event of Default
with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce
its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall
deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in
this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

 

5.4       Trustee
May File Proofs of Claim. In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization,
arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities,
their property or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable
as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company
for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,

 

(a)       to
file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal (and premium, if any) and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the
Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee
(including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel)
and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and

 

(b)       to
collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

 

and any custodian, receiver, assignee,
trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder
to make such payments to the Trustee and, if the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders,
to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its
agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.7.

 

No provision of this
Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan
of reorganization, compromise, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof
or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; provided, however,
that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member
of a creditors’ or other similar committee.

 

 

 

    	 	37	 

     

    

 

5.5       Trustee
May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities
may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any
proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an
express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements
and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of
which such judgment has been recovered.

 

5.6       Application
of Money Collected. Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article Five shall be applied in the following order,
at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or any premium
or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender
thereof if fully paid:

 

FIRST: To the payment
of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.7;

 

SECOND: Subject to Article
Fourteen, to the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities in
respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind,
according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest, respectively; and

 

THIRD: The balance, if
any, to the Company.

 

5.7       Limitation
on Suits. No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise,
with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless:

 

(a)       such
Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that
series;

 

(b)       the
Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written request to
the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

 

(c)       such
Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in
compliance with such request;

 

(d)       the
Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding;
and

 

(e)       no
direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority
in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;

 

it being understood and intended that no
one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this
Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or
preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and
for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.

 

 

 

    	 	38	 

     

    

 

5.8       Unconditional
Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder
of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and any premium
and (subject to Section 3.5 and Section 3.7) interest on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Maturities
expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of
any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

 

5.9       Restoration
of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this
Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee
or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the
Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies
of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

 

5.10       Rights
and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost
or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 3.6, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to
the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the
extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing
at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent
the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

 

5.11       Delay
or Omission Not Waiver. To fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder
of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute
a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article Five or by law to
the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by
the Holders, as the case may be.

 

5.12       Control
by Holders. The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have
the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such series; provided, however, that:

 

(a)       such
direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture;

 

 

 

    	 	39	 

     

    

 

(b)       the
Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; and

 

(c)       subject
to the provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee
in good faith shall determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability.

 

5.13       Waiver
of Past Defaults. By written notice to the Company and the Trustee, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series waive any past default
hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except:

 

(a)       a
continuing default in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Security of such series, or

 

(b)       a
default in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent
of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

 

Upon any such waiver, such default shall
cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture,
but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

 

5.14       Undertaking
for Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to
have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture,
or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant,
other than the Trustee, in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion
assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard
to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section 5.14
shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder,
or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or
to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on
any Security on or after the Stated Maturity or Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or after
the Redemption Date).

 

5.15       Waiver
of Stay or Extension Laws. The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist
upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever enacted,
now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to
the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will
not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution
of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

 

 

 

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ARTICLE
Six

THE TRUSTEE

 

6.1       Certain
Duties and Responsibilities.

 

(a)       Except
during the continuance of an Event of Default,

 

(i)       the
Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture and as are provided
by the Trust Indenture Act, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

 

(ii)       in
the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness
of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of
this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to
be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether they conform to the requirements
of this Indenture.

 

(b)       In
case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it
by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the
circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.

 

(c)       No
provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that

 

(i)       this
Subsection shall not be construed to limit the effect of Subsection (a) of this Section;

 

(ii)       the
Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it shall be proved that
the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;

 

(iii)       the
Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, given pursuant to Section 5.12,
relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any
trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series; and

 

(iv)       no
provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability
in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable
grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured
to it.

 

 

 

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(d)       Regardless
of whether therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability
of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section.

 

6.2       Notice
of Defaults. Within 90 days after the occurrence of any Default hereunder with respect to the Securities of any series, the
Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders of Securities of such series, as their names and addresses appear in the Security
Register, notice of such Default hereunder known to the Trustee, unless such Default shall have been cured or waived; provided,
however, that, except in the case of a Default in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Security
of such series or in the payment of any sinking fund installment with respect to Securities of such series, the Trustee may withhold
from Holders of Securities notice of any continuing Default or Event of Default if the Trustee in good faith determines that the
withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Holders of Securities of such series; and, provided, further,
that in the case of any Default of the character specified in Section 5.1(c) with respect to Securities of such series,
no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 90 days after the occurrence thereof and that in the case of any Default
of the character specified in Section 5.1(d) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall
be given until at least 180 days after the occurrence thereof.

 

6.3       Certain
Rights of Trustee. Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1:

 

(a)       the
Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be fully protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate,
statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness
or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

 

(b)       any
request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order (other
than delivery of any Security to the Trustee for authentication and delivery pursuant to Section 3.3, which shall be
sufficiently evidenced as provided therein) and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board
Resolution;

 

(c)       whenever
in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking,
suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) shall be entitled
to receive and may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officer’s Certificate;

 

(d)       the
Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

 

 

 

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(e)       the
Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction
of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or
indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction;

 

(f)       the
Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness
or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts
or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled
to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;

 

(g)       the
Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents
or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed
with due care by it hereunder and shall not be responsible for the supervision of officers and employees of such agents or attorneys;

 

(h)       the
Trustee may request that the Company deliver an Officer’s Certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles
of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture, which Officer’s Certificate may
be signed by any person authorized to sign an Officer’s Certificate, including any person specified as so authorized in any
such certificate previously delivered and not superseded;

 

(i)       the
Trustee shall be entitled to the rights and protections afforded to the Trustee pursuant to this Article Six in acting as a Paying
Agent or Security Registrar hereunder; and

 

(j)       the
Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual
knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate
Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Notes and this Indenture.

 

6.4       Not
Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s
certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company and the Trustee or any Authenticating Agent assumes
no responsibility for their correctness. Neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent makes any representations as to the validity
or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. The Trustee or any Authenticating Agent shall not be accountable for the
use or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

 

6.5       May
Hold Securities. The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any other agent of the
Company in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 310(b)
and 311 of the Trust Indenture Act and Section 6.8, Section 6.9 and Section 6.13, may otherwise
deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar
or such other agent.

 

 

 

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6.6       Money
Held in Trust. Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required
by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed in
writing with the Company.

 

6.7       Compensation
and Reimbursement. The Company agrees:

 

(a)       to
pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall
not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

 

(b)       except
as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and
advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation
and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable
to its negligence or bad faith; and

 

(c)       to
indemnify each of the Trustee and its officers, directors, agents and employees for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense incurred without negligence or willful misconduct on its part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance
or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim or liability
in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder.

 

As security for the
performance of the obligations of the Company under this Section the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities upon all
property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of (and premium,
if any) or interest on particular Securities.

 

Without limiting any
rights available to the Trustee under applicable law, when the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an
Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(e) or Section 5.1(f), the expenses (including the reasonable
charges and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for the services of the Trustee are intended to constitute expenses of
administration under any applicable Bankruptcy Law.

 

The provisions of this
Section 6.7 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture and the Legal Defeasance of the Securities.

 

6.8       Disqualification;
Conflicting Interests. Reference is made to Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. There shall be excluded
from the operation of Section 310(b)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act this Indenture with respect to the Securities of
more than one series.

 

 

 

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6.9       Corporate
Trustee Required; Eligibility. There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which shall be a corporation organized and doing
business under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws
to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus required by the Trust Indenture Act, subject to supervision
or examination by Federal or State authority. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to
law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital
and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of
condition so published. The Trustee shall not be an obligor upon the Securities or an Affiliate thereof. If at any time the Trustee
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with
the effect hereinafter specified in this Article Six.

 

6.10       Resignation
and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

 

(a)       No
resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective
until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11.

 

(b)       The
Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company.
If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.11 shall not have been delivered to the
Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

 

(c)       The
Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the Company.

 

(d)       If
at any time:

 

(i)       the
Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act after written request therefor by the Company
or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

 

(ii)       the
Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 6.9 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the
Company or by any such Holder, or

 

(iii)       the
Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property
shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose
of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case, (A) the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the Trustee
with respect to all Securities, or (B) subject to Section 5.14, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security
for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction
for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

 

 

 

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(e)       If
the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any
cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor
Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee
may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11.
If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith
upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11, become the
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by
the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or
the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 6.11, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder
of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any
court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

 

(f)       The
Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and
each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to all Holders of Securities of such series
in the manner provided in Section 1.7. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to
the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

 

6.11       Acceptance
of Appointment by Successor.

 

(a)       In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed
shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and
thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further
act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the
request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver
an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

 

 

 

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(b)       In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the
Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and
deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain
such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights,
powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment
of such successor Trustee relates, (ii) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such
provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring
Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue
to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary
to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing
herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee
shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other
such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee
shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance,
shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee,
such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring
Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

 

(c)       Upon
request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in
and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section,
as the case may be.

 

(d)       No
successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified
and eligible under this Article and the Trust Indenture Act.

 

6.12       Merger,
Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with
which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall
be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the
successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article Six,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities
shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation
to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as
if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

 

 

 

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6.13       Preferential
Collection of Claims Against Company. Reference is made to Section 311 of the Trust Indenture Act. For purposes
of Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act,

 

(a)       the
term “cash transaction” means any transaction in which full payment for goods or securities sold is made within
seven days after delivery of the goods or securities in currency or in checks or other orders drawn upon banks or bankers and payable
upon demand;

 

(b)       the
term “self-liquidating paper” means any draft, bill of exchange, acceptance or obligation which is made, drawn,
negotiated or incurred by the Company for the purpose of financing the purchase, processing, manufacturing, shipment, storage or
sale of goods, wares or merchandise and which is secured by documents evidencing title to, possession of, or a lien upon, the goods,
wares or merchandise or the receivables or proceeds arising from the sale of the goods, wares or merchandise previously constituting
the security, provided the security is received by the Trustee simultaneously with the creation of the creditor relationship with
the Company arising from the making, drawing, negotiating or incurring of the draft, bill of exchange, acceptance or obligation.

 

6.14       Appointment
of Authenticating Agent. The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series of Securities
which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon exchange, registration
of transfer or partial redemption thereof or pursuant to Section 3.6, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled
to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder.
Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee’s
certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by
an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each
Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under
the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating
Agent, having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by Federal
or State authority. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements
of said supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such Authenticating
Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published.
If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, such Authenticating
Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

 

Any corporation into
which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from
any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all
or substantially all of the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an Authenticating
Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or
any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

 

 

 

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An Authenticating Agent
may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving
such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible
in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable
to the Company and shall mail written notice of such appointment by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of Securities
of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register.
Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers
and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating
Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

 

Except with respect
to an Authenticating Agent appointed at the request of the Company, the Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from
time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section 6.14, and the Trustee shall be entitled to
be reimbursed by the Company for such payments, subject to the provisions of Section 6.7.

 

If an appointment with
respect to one or more series is made pursuant to this Section 6.14, the Securities of such series may have endorsed
thereon, in addition to the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in the following
form:

 

This is one of the
Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

 

	 	As Trustee
	 	 
	 	 
	 	By:_________________________
	 	As Authenticating Agent
	 	 
	 	 
	 	By:___________________________
	 	As Authenticating Officer

 

ARTICLE
Seven

HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

 

7.1       Company
to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders. The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

 

 

 

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(a)       semi-annually,
not more than 15 days after each Regular Record Date for a series of Securities, a list for such series of Securities, in such
form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities of such series as of such Regular
Record Date, and

 

(b)       at
such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a
list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided,
however, that if and so long as the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar, no such list need be furnished with respect
to such series of Securities.

 

7.2       Preservation
of Information; Communications to Holders.

 

(a)       The
Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the
most recent list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 7.1 and the names and addresses of Holders received
by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 7.1
upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

 

(b)       If
three or more Holders (herein referred to as “applicants”) apply in writing to the Trustee, and furnish to the
Trustee reasonable proof that each such applicant has owned a Security for a period of at least six months preceding the date of
such application, and such application states that the applicants desire to communicate with other Holders with respect to their
rights under this Indenture or under the Securities and is accompanied by a copy of the form of proxy or other communication which
such applicants propose to transmit, then the Trustee shall, within five business days after the receipt of such application, at
its election, either

 

(i)       afford
such applicants access to the information preserved at the time by the Trustee in accordance with Section 7.2(a), or

 

(ii)       inform
such applicants as to the approximate number of Holders whose names and addresses appear in the information preserved at the time
by the Trustee in accordance with Section 7.2(a), and as to the approximate cost of mailing to such Holders the form
of proxy or other communication, if any, specified in such application.

 

If the Trustee shall
elect not to afford such applicants access to such information, the Trustee shall, upon the written request of such applicants,
mail to each Holder whose name and address appear in the information preserved at the time by the Trustee in accordance with Section 7.2(a)
a copy of the form of proxy or other communication which is specified in such request, with reasonable promptness after a tender
to the Trustee of the material to be mailed and of payment, or provision for the payment, of the reasonable expenses of mailing,
unless within five days after such tender the Trustee shall mail to such applicants and file with the SEC, together with a copy
of the material to be mailed, a written statement to the effect that, in the opinion of the Trustee, such mailing would be contrary
to the best interest of the Holders or would be in violation of applicable law. Such written statement shall specify the basis
of such opinion. If the SEC, after opportunity for a hearing upon the objections specified in the written statement so filed, shall
enter an order refusing to sustain any of such objections or if, after the entry of an order sustaining one or more of such objections,
the SEC shall find, after notice and opportunity for hearing, that all the objections so sustained have been met and shall enter
an order so declaring, the Trustee shall mail copies of such material to all such Holders with reasonable promptness after the
entry of such order and the renewal of such tender; otherwise the Trustee shall be relieved of any obligation or duty to such applicants
respecting their application.

 

 

 

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(c)       Every
Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that none of the Company nor the
Trustee nor any agent of any of them shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names
and addresses of the Holders in accordance with Section 7.2(b), regardless of the source from which such information
was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under
Section 7.2(b).

 

7.3       Reports
by Trustee. Any Trustee’s report required pursuant to Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act shall be
dated as of May 15, and shall be transmitted within 60 days after May 15 of each year (but in all events at intervals of not more
than 12 months), commencing with the year 20 , by mail to all Holders, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register.
A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange
upon which any Securities are listed, with the SEC and with the Company. The Company will notify the Trustee when any Securities
are listed on any stock exchange.

 

7.4       Reports
by Company. The Company shall:

 

(a)       file
with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company files the same with the SEC, copies of the annual reports and of the information,
documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may from time to time by rules and regulations
prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d)
of the Exchange Act; or, if the Company is not required to file information, documents or reports pursuant to either of said Sections,
then it shall file with the Trustee and the SEC, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the SEC,
such of the supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports which may be required pursuant to Section 13
of the Exchange Act in respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed from
time to time in such rules and regulations;

 

(b)       file
with the Trustee and the SEC, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the SEC, such additional
information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture
as may be required from time to time by such rules and regulations; and

 

 

 

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(c)       transmit
by mail to all Holders, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register, within 30 days after the filing thereof with
the Trustee, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to clauses (a)
and (b) of this Section as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the SEC.

 

ARTICLE
Eight

CONSOLIDATION, AMALGAMATION, MERGER AND SALE

 

8.1       Company
May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms. The Company shall not consolidate or merge with or into any other Person or sell,
convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company on a consolidated
basis to any other Person, and shall not permit any Person to consolidate or merge into the Company, unless:

 

(a)       either:
(i) the Company is the surviving corporation; or (ii) the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation, amalgamation or
merger or resulting from such conversion (if other than the Company) or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or
other disposition has been made is a corporation, limited liability company or limited partnership organized or existing under
the laws of the United States, any state of the United States or the District of Columbia;

 

(b)       the
Person formed by or surviving any such conversion, consolidation, amalgamation or merger (if other than the Company) or the Person
to which such sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition has been made assumes all the obligations of the Company
under the Securities and this Indenture pursuant to agreements reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee; provided that, unless such
Person is a corporation, a corporate co-issuer of the Securities will be added to this Indenture by agreements reasonably satisfactory
to the Trustee;

 

(c)       immediately
before and after giving pro forma effect to such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of
time or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and

 

(d)       the
Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation,
amalgamation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer or lease and such supplemental indenture, if any, comply with this Article Eight
and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.

 

8.2       Successor
Substituted. Upon any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person or any sale, conveyance, transfer,
lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company on a consolidated basis in accordance
with Section 8.1, the successor or resulting Person formed by or resulting upon such consolidation or merger (if other
than the Company) or to which such sale, conveyance, transfer, lease or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted
for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person
had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the predecessor Company shall be relieved
of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

 

 

 

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ARTICLE
Nine

AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER

 

9.1       Without
Consent of Holders. The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this indenture or the Securities without the consent
of any holder of a Security:

 

(a)       to
cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision herein that may be inconsistent with any other provision herein in
a manner that does not adversely affect the rights of any Holder of Securities in any material respect; or

 

(b)       to
evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company
herein and, to the extent applicable, to the Securities; or

 

(c)       to
provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities; provided that the uncertificated Securities
are issued in registered form for purposes of Section 163(f) of the Code, or in the manner such that the uncertificated
Securities are described in Section 163(f)(2)(B) of the Code; or

 

(d)       to
secure the Securities of any series; or

 

(e)       to
add to the covenants of the Company such further covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions as the Company shall consider
to be appropriate for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions
or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being
included solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company and to make
the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a Default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions
an Event of Default permitting the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies provided in this Indenture as herein set forth;
provided, that in respect of any such additional covenant, restriction, condition or provision such supplemental indenture may
provide for a particular period of grace after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of
other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such an Event of Default or may limit the remedies available to
the Trustee upon such an Event of Default or may limit the right of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of such series to waive such an Event of Default; or

 

(f)       to
make any change to any provision of this Indenture that does not adversely affect the rights or interests of any Holder of Securities;
or

 

(g)       to
provide for the issuance of additional Securities in accordance with the provisions set forth in this Indenture on the date of
this Indenture; or

 

 

 

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(h)       to
add any additional Defaults or Events of Default in respect of all or any series of Securities; or

 

(i)       to
add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate
the issuance of Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons;
or

 

(j)       to
change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture; provided that any such change or elimination shall become effective
only when there is no Security Outstanding of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture that is
entitled to the benefit of such provision; or

 

(k)       to
establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by Section 2.1 and Section 3.1, including
to reopen any series of any Securities as permitted under Section 3.1; or

 

(l)       to
evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or
more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate
the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.11(b);
or

 

(m)       to
conform the text of this Indenture (and/or any supplemental indenture) or any debt securities issued thereunder to any provision
of a description of such debt securities appearing in a prospectus or prospectus supplement or an offering memorandum or offering
circular to the extent that such provision was intended to be a verbatim recreation of a provision of the indenture (and/or any
supplemental indenture) or any debt securities issued thereunder; or

 

(n)       to
modify, eliminate or add to the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to effect the qualification of
this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act or under any similar federal statute subsequently enacted, and to add to this Indenture
such other provisions as may be expressly required under the Trust Indenture Act.

 

After an amendment
under this Section 9.1 becomes effective, the Company shall mail to Holders a notice briefly describing such amendment.
The failure to give such notice to Holders, or any defect therein, shall not impair or affect the validity of an amendment under
this Section 9.1.

 

Upon the request of
the Company accompanied by a resolution of its Board of Directors authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental
indenture, the Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, to make
any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained and to accept the conveyance, transfer, assignment,
mortgage, charge or pledge of any property thereunder, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental
indenture that affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

 

 

 

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9.2       With
Consent of Holders. The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture and the Securities with the consent
of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series of Securities affected
by such amendment or supplemental indenture, with each such series voting as a separate class (including, without limitation, consents
obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for Securities) and, subject to Section 5.8
and Section 5.13 hereof, any existing Default or Event of Default or compliance with any provision of this Indenture
or the Securities may be waived with respect to each series of Securities with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series voting as a separate class (including consents obtained in connection with
a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities).

 

Upon the request of
the Company accompanied by a resolution of its Board of Directors authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental
indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence satisfactory to the Trustee of the consent of the Holders of Securities
as aforesaid, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 6.3 hereof, the Trustee will join
with the Company in the execution of such amended or supplemental indenture unless such amended or supplemental indenture directly
affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in
its discretion, but will not be obligated to, enter into such amended or supplemental Indenture.

 

It is not be necessary
for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed
amendment or waiver, but it is sufficient if such consent approves the substance of the proposed amendment or waiver.

 

After an amendment,
supplement or waiver under this Section 9.2 becomes effective, the Company will mail to the Holders of Securities affected
thereby a notice briefly describing the amendment, supplement or waiver. Any failure of the Company to mail such notice, or any
defect therein, will not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such amended or supplemental indenture or waiver.
Subject to Section 5.8 and Section 5.13 hereof, the application of or compliance with, either generally
or in any particular instance, of any provision of this Indenture or the Securities may be waived as to each series of Securities
by the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series. However, without the consent
of each Holder affected, an amendment or waiver under this Section 9.2 may not (with respect to any Securities held
by a non-consenting Holder):

 

(a)       change
the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce the principal
amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of the
principal of an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity
thereof pursuant to Section 5.2, or change any Place of Payment where, or the coin or currency in which, any Security
or any premium or the interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment
on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date); or

 

 

 

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(b)       reduce
the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any
such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions
of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture; or

 

(c)       modify
any of the provisions of this Section 9.2, Section 5.8, Section 5.13 or Section 10.6,
except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived
without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, provided, however, that this clause (c) shall
not be deemed to require the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the references to “the Trustee”
and concomitant changes in this Section, or the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of Section 6.11(b)
and Section 9.1(h); or

 

(d)       waive
a redemption payment with respect to any Security; provided, however, that any purchase or repurchase of Securities shall not be
deemed a redemption of the Securities; or

 

(e)       make
any change in the foregoing amendment and waiver provisions.

 

A supplemental indenture
that changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture that has expressly been included solely for the benefit
of one or more particular series of Securities, or that modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect
to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities
of any other series.

 

It shall not be necessary
for any Act of Holders under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture,
but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

 

9.3       Execution
of Supplemental Indentures. In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted
by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and (subject to Section 6.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution
of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter
into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise.

 

9.4       Effect
of Supplemental Indentures. Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article Nine, this Indenture shall
be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and
every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.

 

9.5       Conformity
with Trust Indenture Act. Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article Nine shall conform to the requirements
of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

 

 

 

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9.6       Reference
in Securities to Supplemental Indentures. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental
indenture pursuant to this Article Nine may, and shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee
as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so
modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed
by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

 

ARTICLE
Ten

COVENANTS

 

10.1       Payment
of Principal, Premium and Interest. The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of Securities that it will
duly and punctually pay the principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms
of the Securities and this Indenture.

 

10.2       Maintenance
of Office or Agency. The Company will maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, an office or agency (which
may be an office of the Trustee or Registrar or agent of the Trustee or Registrar) where Securities of that series may be presented
or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where
notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. The Company
will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at
any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address
thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.

 

The Company may also
from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or
surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation
or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan,
The City of New York for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission
and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency.

 

Except as otherwise
specified with respect to a series of Securities as contemplated by Section 3.1, the Company hereby initially designates
the office of the Trustee located at [_______________], New York, New York [______], as the Company’s office or agency for
each such purpose for each series of Securities.

 

10.3       Money
for Securities Payments to be Held in Trust. If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent, with respect to
any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of and any premium or interest on any of the Securities
of that series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal
and any premium and interest so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided
and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

 

 

 

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Whenever the Company
shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of and any
premium or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal and any
premium or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium
or interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure
so to act. For purposes of this Section 10.3, should a due date for principal of and any premium or interest on, or
sinking fund payment with respect to any series of Securities not be on a Business Day, such payment shall be due on the next Business
Day without any interest for the period from the due date until such Business Day.

 

The Company will cause
each Paying Agent for any series of Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which
such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will:

 

(a)       hold
all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of and any premium or interest on Securities of that series in trust for the
benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

 

(b)       give
the Trustee notice of any Default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making of any
payment of principal and any premium or interest on the Securities of that series; and

 

(c)       at
any time during the continuance of any such Default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all
sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

 

The Company may at
any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company
Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be
held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon
such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to
such money.

 

Subject to any applicable
escheat or abandoned property laws, any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust
for the payment of the principal of and any premium or interest on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for one year
after such principal and any premium or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or
(if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured
general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect
to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however,
that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause
to be published once, in a newspaper published in the English language, customarily published on each Business Day and of general
circulation in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date
specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money
then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

 

 

 

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10.4       Existence.
Subject to Article Eight, the Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect
its existence, rights (charter and statutory) and franchises; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve
any such right or franchise if the Company shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct
of the business of the Company.

 

10.5       Statement
by Officers as to Default. Annually, within 150 days after the close of each fiscal year beginning with the first fiscal year
during which one or more series of Securities are Outstanding, the Company will deliver to the Trustee a brief certificate (which
need not include the statements set forth in Section 1.3) from the principal executive officer, principal financial
officer or principal accounting officer of the Company as to his or her knowledge of the Company’s compliance (without regard
to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided herein) with all conditions and covenants under the Indenture and, if
the Company shall be in Default, specifying all such Defaults and the nature and status thereof of which such officer has knowledge.

 

10.6       Additional
Amounts. If the Securities of a series provide for the payment of additional amounts (as provided in Section 3.1(o)),
at least 10 days prior to the first Interest Payment Date with respect to that series of Securities and at least 10 days prior
to each date of payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of that series if there has been a change
with respect to the matters set forth in the below-mentioned Officer’s Certificate, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee
and the principal Paying Agent, if other than the Trustee, an Officer’s Certificate instructing the Trustee and such Paying
Agent whether such payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of that series shall be made to holders
of the Securities of that series without withholding or deduction for or on account of any tax, assessment or other governmental
charge described in the Securities of that series. If any such withholding or deduction shall be required, then such Officer’s
Certificate shall specify by country the amount, if any, required to be withheld or deducted on such payments to such holders and
shall certify the fact that additional amounts will be payable and the amounts so payable to each holder, and the Company shall
pay to the Trustee or such Paying Agent the additional amounts required to be paid by this Section. The Company covenants to indemnify
the Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss, liability or expense reasonably incurred without
negligence or bad faith on their part arising out of or in connection with actions taken or omitted by any of them in reliance
on any Officer’s Certificate furnished pursuant to this Section 10.6.

 

Whenever in this Indenture
there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of the principal of or any premium, interest or any other amounts on, or in respect
of, any Securities of any series, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of additional amounts provided
by the terms of such series established hereby or pursuant hereto to the extent that, in such context, additional amounts are,
were or would be payable in respect thereof pursuant to such terms, and express mention of the payment of additional amounts (if
applicable) in any provision hereof shall not be construed as excluding the payment of additional amounts in those provisions hereof
where such express mention is not made.

 

 

 

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ARTICLE
Eleven

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

 

11.1       Applicability
of Article. Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with
their terms and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of any series) in accordance
with this Article Eleven.

 

11.2       Election
to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution.
In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of less than all the Securities of any series, the Company shall, at least
15 days prior to the last date for the giving of notice of such redemption (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the
Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and,
if applicable, of the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities (a) prior to the expiration
of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture or (b) pursuant to
an election of the Company that is subject to a condition specified in the terms of the Securities of the series to be redeemed,
the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officer’s Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction or condition.

 

11.3       Selection
by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed. If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed (unless all of the
Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected
not more than 45 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series not previously
called for redemption, by lot, pro rata or by another method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate, including any method
required by the Depository with respect to any Global Securities (and in such manner as is not prohibited by applicable legal requirements)
and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Securities
of that series or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of Securities of such series of a denomination larger
than the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series.

 

The Trustee shall promptly
notify the Company in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial
redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. If the Securities of any series to be redeemed consist of Securities having
different dates on which the principal is payable or different rates of interest, or different methods by which interest may be
determined or have any other different tenor or terms, then the Company may, by written notice to the Trustee, direct that the
Securities of such series to be redeemed shall be selected from among the groups of such Securities having specified tenor or terms
and the Trustee shall thereafter select the particular Securities to be redeemed in the manner set forth in the preceding paragraph
from among the group of such Securities so specified.

 

 

 

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For all purposes of
this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in
the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Securities which
has been or is to be redeemed.

 

11.4       Notice
of Redemption. Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed not less than 30 nor more than
60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at his address appearing in the Security Register.

 

All notices of redemption
shall state:

 

(a)       the
Redemption Date,

 

(b)       the
Redemption Price, or if not then ascertainable, the manner of calculation thereof,

 

(c)       if
less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption,
the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed,

 

(d)       that
on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if applicable,
that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date,

 

(e)       the
place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price, and

 

(f)       that
the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case.

 

Notice of redemption of Securities to be
redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s request, by the Trustee in the
name and at the expense of the Company.

 

11.5       Deposit
of Redemption Price. Prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if
the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.3) an amount of
money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued
interest on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.

 

11.6       Securities
Payable on Redemption Date. Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, on
the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the
Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest.
Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at
the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that unless otherwise
specified with respect to Securities of any series as contemplated in Section 3.1, installments of interest whose Stated
Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities,
registered as such at the close of business on the relevant record dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.7.

 

 

 

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If any Security called
for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall, until paid,
bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the Security.

 

11.7       Securities
Redeemed in Part. Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with,
if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or
Securities of the same series and tenor, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount
equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered.

 

ARTICLE
Twelve

SINKING FUNDS

 

12.1       Applicability
of Article. The provisions of this Article Twelve shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities
of a series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of such series.

 

The minimum amount
of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory
sinking fund payment,” and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities
of any series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities
of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 12.2.
Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities
of such series.

 

12.2       Satisfaction
of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities. The Company (a) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other than any previously
called for redemption) and (b) may apply as a credit Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of
the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant
to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the
Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series;
provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose
by the Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the
amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.

 

 

 

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12.3       Redemption
of Securities for Sinking Fund. Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities
(unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate
specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion
thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering
and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 12.2 and stating the basis for such credit and that such
Securities have not been previously so credited, and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less
than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking
fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 11.3 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in
the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 11.4. Such notice having been duly
given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section 11.6 and
Section 11.7.

 

ARTICLE
Thirteen

DEFEASANCE

 

13.1       Option
to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. The Company may, at the option of its Board of Directors evidenced by a
resolution set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, and at any time, elect to have either Section 13.2 or Section 13.3
hereof be applied to all outstanding Securities upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article Thirteen.

 

13.2       Legal
Defeasance and Discharge. Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 13.1 hereof of the option applicable
to this Section 13.2, the Company will, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 13.4
hereof, be deemed to have been discharged from their obligations with respect to all outstanding Securities on the date the conditions
set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, “Legal Defeasance”). For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that
the Company will be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Debt represented by the outstanding Securities, which will thereafter
be deemed to be “outstanding” only for the purposes of Section 13.5 hereof and the other sections of this
Indenture referred to in clauses (a) and (b) below, and to have satisfied all their other obligations under such Securities and
this Indenture (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
the same), except for the following provisions which will survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder:

 

(a)       the
rights of Holders of Outstanding Securities to receive payments in respect of the principal of, or interest or premium, if any,
on such Securities when such payments are due from the trust referred to in Section 13.4 hereof;

 

(b)       the
Company’s obligations with respect to such Securities under Section 3.4, Section 3.5, Section 3.6,
Section 10.2 and Section 10.3 hereof;

 

(c)       the
rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company’s obligations in connection therewith;
and

 

 

 

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(d)       this
Article Thirteen.

 

Subject to compliance
with this Article Thirteen, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 13.2 notwithstanding the prior exercise
of its option under Section 13.3 hereof.

 

13.3       Covenant
Defeasance. Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 13.1 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 13.3,
the Company will, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 13.4 hereof, be released from
each of their obligations under the covenants contained in Section 7.4, Section 8.1 and Section 10.4
hereof as well as any Additional Defeasible Provisions (such release and termination hereinafter referred to as “Covenant
Defeasance”), and the Securities will thereafter be deemed not “outstanding” for the purposes of any direction,
waiver, consent or declaration or act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but will
continue to be deemed “outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder (it being understood that such Securities
will not be deemed outstanding for accounting purposes). For this purpose, Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the
outstanding Securities, the Company may omit to comply with and will have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation
set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant
or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to
comply will not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 5.1 hereof, but, except as specified above,
the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities will be unaffected thereby. In addition, upon the Company’s exercise
under Section 13.1 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 13.3 hereof, subject to the satisfaction
of the conditions set forth in Section 13.4 hereof, Section 5.1(c) and Section 5.1(d) hereof
and will not constitute Events of Default.

 

13.4       Conditions
to Legal or Covenant Defeasance. In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance under either Section 13.2
or Section 13.3 hereof:

 

(a)       the
Company must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities, cash in U.S. dollars,
non-callable U.S. Government Obligations, or a combination of cash in U.S. dollars and non-callable U.S. Government Obligations,
in such amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized investment bank, appraisal firm, or firm of independent
public accountants to pay the principal of, or interest and premium, if any, on the Outstanding Securities on the stated date for
payment thereof or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be, and the Company must specify whether the Securities are
being defeased to such stated date for payment or to a particular redemption date;

 

(b)       in
the case of an election under Section 13.2 hereof, the Company must deliver to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel confirming
that:

 

(i)       the
Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling; or

 

 

 

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(ii)       since
the Issue Date, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based
thereon such Opinion of Counsel will confirm that, the Holders of the Outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or
loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same
amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred;

 

(c)       in
the case of an election under Section 13.3 hereof, the Company must deliver to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel confirming
that the Holders of the Outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result
of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times
as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred;

 

(d)       no
Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing on the date of such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default
resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit);

 

(e)       the
deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other instrument to which the Company is
a party or by which the Company is bound;

 

(f)       such
Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any material
agreement or instrument (other than this Indenture) to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound;

 

(g)       the
Company must deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the
intent of preferring the Holders of Securities over the other creditors of the Company with the intent of defeating, hindering,
delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company or others;

 

(h)       the
Company must deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate, stating that all conditions precedent set forth in clauses
(a) through (g) of this Section 13.4 have been complied with; and

 

(i)       the
Company must deliver to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel (which Opinion of Counsel may be subject to customary assumptions, qualifications
and exclusions), stating that all conditions precedent set forth in clauses (b), (c) and (e) of this Section 13.4 have
been complied with; provided that the Opinion of Counsel with respect to clause (e) of this Section 13.4 may be to
the knowledge of such counsel.

 

13.5       Deposited
Money and U.S. Government Obligations to be Held in Trust, Other Miscellaneous Provisions. Subject to Section 13.6
hereof, all money and non-callable U.S. Government Obligation (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other
qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 13.5, the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 13.4
hereof in respect of the Outstanding Securities will be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions
of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting
as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect
of principal, premium, if any, and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required
by law.

 

 

 

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The Company will pay
and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or non-callable U.S. Government
Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 13.4 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other
than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of the Outstanding Securities.

 

Notwithstanding anything
in this Article Thirteen to the contrary, the Trustee will deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon the request of
the Company any money or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section 13.4 hereof which,
in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered
to the Trustee (which may be the opinion delivered under Section 13.4(a) hereof), are in excess of the amount thereof
that would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

 

13.6       Repayment.
Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal
of, premium, if any, or interest on any Security and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, premium, if any, or
interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on its request or (if then held by the Company) will be discharged
from such trust; and the Holder of such Security will thereafter be permitted to look only to the Company for payment thereof,
and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee
thereof, will thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such
repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal
(national edition), notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which will not be less than
30 days from the date of such notification or publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to
the Company.

 

13.7       Reinstatement.
If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any United States dollars or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations in accordance
with Section 13.2 or Section 13.3 hereof, as the case may be, by reason of any order or judgment of any
court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the Company’s obligations
under this Indenture and the Securities will be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 13.2
or Section 13.3 hereof until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance
with Section 13.2 or Section 13.3 hereof, as the case may be; provided, however, that, if the Company makes
any payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Note following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company
will be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or
Paying Agent.

 

 

 

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ARTICLE
Fourteen

SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

 

14.1       Securities
Subordinated to Senior Debt. The Company and the Trustee each covenants and agrees, and each Holder, by its acceptance of a
Security, likewise covenants and agrees that all Securities shall be issued subject to the provisions of this Article Fourteen;
and each Person holding any Security, whether upon original issue or upon transfer, assignment or exchange thereof, accepts and
agrees that the payment of the principal of, interest and premium, if any, on each and all of the Securities shall, to the extent
and in the manner set forth in this Article Fourteen, be subordinated in right of payment to the prior payment in full, in cash
or cash equivalents, of all existing and future Senior Debt.

 

14.2       No
Payment on Securities in Certain Circumstances.

 

(a)       No
direct or indirect payment by or on behalf of the Company of the principal of, interest and premium, if any, on each and all of
the Securities (other than with the money, securities or proceeds held under any defeasance trust established in accordance with
this Indenture), whether pursuant to the terms of the Securities or upon acceleration or otherwise shall be made if, at the time
of such payment, there exists a default in the payment of all or any portion of the obligations on any Senior Debt and such default
shall not have been cured or waived or the benefits of this sentence waived by or on behalf of the holders of such Senior Debt.

 

(b)       During
the continuance of any other event of default with respect to any Designated Senior Debt pursuant to which the maturity thereof
may be accelerated, upon receipt by the Trustee of written notice from the trustee or other representative for the holders of such
Designated Senior Debt (or the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of such Designated Senior Debt then outstanding),
no payment of the principal of, interest or premium, if any, on each and all of the Securities (other than with the money, securities
or proceeds held under any defeasance trust established in accordance with this Indenture) may be made by or on behalf of the Company
upon or in respect of the Securities for a period (a “Payment Blockage Period”) commencing on the date of receipt
of such notice and ending 179 days thereafter (unless, in each case, such Payment Blockage Period has been terminated by written
notice to the Trustee from such trustee of, or other representatives for, such holders or by payment in full in cash or cash equivalents
of such Designated Senior Debt or such event of default has been cured or waived). Not more than one Payment Blockage Period may
be commenced with respect to the Securities during any period of 360 consecutive days. Notwithstanding anything in this Indenture
to the contrary, there must be 180 consecutive days in any 360-day period in which no Payment Blockage Period is in effect. No
event of default that existed or was continuing (it being acknowledged that any subsequent action that would give rise to an event
of default pursuant to any provision under which an event of default previously existed or was continuing shall constitute a new
event of default for this purpose) on the date of the commencement of any Payment Blockage Period with respect to the Designated
Senior Debt initiating such Payment Blockage Period shall be, or shall be made, the basis for the commencement of a second Payment
Blockage Period by the trustee or other representative for the holders of such Designated Senior Debt, whether or not within a
period of 360 consecutive days, unless such event of default shall have been cured or waived for a period of not less than 90 consecutive
days.

 

 

 

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(c)       In
the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment shall be received by the Trustee or any Holder when such payment is
prohibited by clause (a) or (b) above, the Trustee shall promptly notify the holders of Senior Debt of such prohibited payment
and such payment shall be held in trust for the benefit of, and shall be paid over or delivered to, the holders of Senior Debt
or their respective representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any of such Senior Debt
may have been issued, as their respective interests may appear, but only to the extent that, upon notice from the Trustee to the
holders of Senior Debt that such prohibited payment has been made, the holders of the Senior Debt (or their representative or representatives
of a trustee) within 30 days of receipt of such notice from the Trustee notify the Trustee of the amounts then due and owing on
the Senior Debt, if any, and only the amounts specified in such notice to the Trustee shall be paid to the holders of Senior Debt
and any excess above such amounts due and owing on Senior Debt shall be paid to the Company.

 

14.3       Payment
over Proceeds upon Dissolution, Etc.

 

(a)       Upon
any payment or distribution of assets or securities of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities
(other than with the money, securities or proceeds held under any defeasance trust established in accordance with this Indenture),
in connection with any dissolution or winding up or total or partial liquidation or reorganization of the Company, whether voluntary
or involuntary, or in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other proceedings or other marshalling of assets for the benefit
of creditors, all amounts due or to become due upon all Senior Debt shall first be paid in full, in cash or cash equivalents, before
the Holders or the Trustee on their behalf shall be entitled to receive any payment by (or on behalf of) the Company on account
of the Securities, or any payment to acquire any of the Securities for cash, property or securities, or any distribution with respect
to the Securities of any cash, property or securities. Before any payment may be made by, or on behalf of, the Company on any Security
(other than with the money, securities or proceeds held under any defeasance trust established in accordance with this Indenture),
in connection with any such dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization, any payment or distribution of assets or securities
for the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to which the Holders or the Trustee on their
behalf would be entitled, but for the provisions of this Article Fourteen, shall be made by the Company or by any receiver, trustee
in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other similar Person making such payment or distribution or by the Holders or the
Trustee if received by them or it, directly to the holders of Senior Debt (pro rata to such holders on the basis of the respective
amounts of Senior Debt held by such holders) or their representatives or to any trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant
to which any such Senior Debt may have been issued, as their respective interests appear, to the extent necessary to pay all such
Senior Debt in full, in cash or cash equivalents, after giving effect to any concurrent payment, distribution or provision therefor
to or for the holders of such Senior Debt.

 

 

 

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(b)       To
the extent any payment of Senior Debt (whether by or on behalf of the Company, as proceeds of security or enforcement of any right
of setoff or otherwise) is declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required to be paid to any receiver, trustee
in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other similar Person under any bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, fraudulent conveyance
or similar law, then if such payment is recovered by, or paid over to, such receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee
or other similar Person, the Senior Debt or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be deemed to be reinstated and
outstanding as if such payment had not occurred. To the extent the obligation to repay any Senior Debt is declared to be fraudulent,
invalid, or otherwise set aside under any bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, fraudulent conveyance or similar law, then the
obligation so declared fraudulent, invalid or otherwise set aside (and all other amounts that would come due with respect thereto
had such obligation not been so affected) shall be deemed to be reinstated and outstanding as Senior Debt for all purposes hereof
as if such declaration, invalidity or setting aside had not occurred.

 

(c)       In
the event that, notwithstanding the provision in clause (a) above prohibiting such payment or distribution, any payment or distribution
of assets or securities of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, shall be received by
the Trustee or any Holder at a time when such payment or distribution is prohibited by clause (a) above and before all obligations
in respect of Senior Debt are paid in full, in cash or cash equivalents, such payment or distribution shall be received and held
in trust for the benefit of, and shall be paid over or delivered to, the holders of Senior Debt (pro rata to such holders on the
basis of the respective amounts of Senior Debt held by such holders) or their representatives or to any trustee or trustees under
any indenture pursuant to which any such Senior Debt may have been issued, as their respective interests appear, for application
to the payment of all such Senior Debt remaining unpaid, in cash or cash equivalents, after giving effect to any concurrent payment,
distribution or provision therefor to or for the holders of such Senior Debt.

 

(d)       For
purposes of this Section 14.3, the words “cash, property or securities” shall not be deemed to include,
so long as the effect of this clause is not to cause the Securities to be treated in any case or proceeding or similar event described
in this Section 14.3 as part of the same class of claims as the Senior Debt or any class of claims pari passu
with, or senior to, the Senior Debt for any payment or distribution, securities of the Company or any other corporation provided
for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment that are subordinated, at least to the extent that the Securities are subordinated,
to the payment of all Senior Debt then outstanding; provided that (i) if a new corporation results from such reorganization or
readjustment, such corporation assumes the Senior Debt and (ii) the rights of the holders of the Senior Debt are not, without the
consent of such holders, altered by such reorganization or readjustment. The consolidation of the Company with, or the merger of
the Company with or into, another corporation or the liquidation or dissolution of the Company following the sale, conveyance,
transfer, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of its property and assets to another corporation upon the terms
and conditions provided in Section 8.1 of this Indenture shall not be deemed a dissolution, winding up, liquidation
or reorganization for the purposes of this Section 14.3 if such other corporation shall, as a part of such consolidation,
merger, sale, conveyance, transfer, lease or other disposition, comply (to the extent required) with the conditions stated in Section 8.1
of this Indenture.

 

 

 

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14.4       Subrogation.

 

(a)       Upon
the payment in full of all Senior Debt in cash or cash equivalents, the Holders shall be subrogated to the rights of the holders
of Senior Debt to receive payments or distributions of cash, property or securities of the Company made on such Senior Debt until
the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities shall be paid in full; and, for the purposes of such subrogation,
no payments or distributions to the holders of the Senior Debt of any cash, property or securities to which the Holders or the
Trustee on their behalf would be entitled except for the provisions of this Article Fourteen, and no payment pursuant to the provisions
of this Article Fourteen to the holders of Senior Debt by the Holders or the Trustee on their behalf shall, as between the Company,
its creditors other than holders of Senior Debt, and the Holders, be deemed to be a payment by the Company to or on account of
the Senior Debt. It is understood that the provisions of this Article Fourteen are intended solely for the purpose of defining
the relative rights of the Holders, on the one hand, and the holders of the Senior Debt, on the other hand.

 

(b)       If
any payment or distribution to which the Holders would otherwise have been entitled but for the provisions of this Article Fourteen
shall have been applied, pursuant to the provisions of this Article Fourteen, to the payment of all amounts payable under Senior
Debt, then, and in such case, the Holders shall be entitled to receive from the holders of such Senior Debt any payments or distributions
received by such holders of Senior Debt in excess of the amount required to make payment in full, in cash or cash equivalents,
of such Senior Debt of such holders.

 

14.5       Obligations
of Company Unconditional.

 

(a)       Nothing
contained in this Article Fourteen or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities is intended to or shall impair, as among
the Company and the Holders, the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay to the Holders the principal
of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities as and when the same shall become due and payable in accordance with their
terms, or is intended to or shall affect the relative rights of the Holders and creditors of the Company other than the holders
of the Senior Debt, nor shall anything herein or therein prevent the Holders or the Trustee on their behalf from exercising all
remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article
Fourteen of the holders of the Senior Debt.

 

(b)       Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, nothing contained in this Article Fourteen will restrict the right of the Trustee or
the Holders to take any action to declare the Securities to be due and payable prior to their Stated Maturity pursuant to Section 5.1
of this Indenture or to pursue any rights or remedies hereunder; provided, however, that all Senior Debt then due
and payable or thereafter declared to be due and payable shall first be paid in full, in cash or cash equivalents, before the Holders
or the Trustee are entitled to receive any direct or indirect payment from the Company with respect to any Security.

 

 

 

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14.6       Notice
to Trustee.

 

(a)       The
Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any fact known to the Company that would prohibit the making of any
payment to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Article Fourteen. The Trustee shall
not be charged with the knowledge of the existence of any default or event of default with respect to any Senior Debt or of any
other facts that would prohibit the making of any payment to or by the Trustee unless and until the Trustee shall have received
notice in writing at its Corporate Trust Office to that effect signed by an Officer of the Company, or by a holder of Senior Debt
or trustee or agent thereof; and prior to the receipt of any such written notice, the Trustee shall, subject to Article Six, be
entitled to assume that no such facts exist; provided that, if the Trustee shall not have received the notice provided for in this
Section 14.6 at least two Business Days prior to the date upon which, by the terms of this Indenture, any monies shall
become payable for any purpose (including, without limitation, the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on
any Security), then, notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Trustee shall have full power and authority to receive
any monies from the Company and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were received, and shall not be affected by any
notice to the contrary that may be received by it on or after such prior date except for an acceleration of the Securities prior
to such application. Nothing contained in this Section 14.6 shall limit the right of the holders of Senior Debt to
recover payments as contemplated by this Article Fourteen. The foregoing shall not apply if the Paying Agent is the Company. The
Trustee shall be entitled to rely on the delivery to it of a written notice by a Person representing himself or itself to be a
holder of any Senior Debt (or a trustee on behalf of, or other representative of, such holder) to establish that such notice has
been given by a holder of such Senior Debt or a trustee or representative on behalf of any such holder.

 

(b)       In
the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that any evidence is required with respect to the right of any Person as a
holder of Senior Debt to participate in any payment or distribution pursuant to this Article Fourteen, the Trustee may request
such Person to furnish evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amount of Senior Debt held by such Person,
the extent to which such Person is entitled to participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the
rights of such Person under this Article Fourteen and, if such evidence is not furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee may defer
any payment to such Person pending judicial determination as to the right of such Person to receive such payment.

 

14.7       Reliance
on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent. Upon any payment or distribution of assets or securities referred to
in this Article Fourteen, the Trustee and the Holders shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree made by any court of competent
jurisdiction in which bankruptcy, dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization proceedings are pending, or upon a certificate
of the receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other similar Person making such payment or distribution,
delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders for the purpose of ascertaining the persons entitled to participate in such distribution,
the holders of the Senior Debt and other Debt of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid
or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article Fourteen.

 

 

 

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14.8       Trustee’s
Relation to Senior Debt.

 

(a)       The
Trustee and any Paying Agent shall be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article Fourteen with respect to any Senior
Debt that may at any time be held by it in its individual or any other capacity to the same extent as any other holder of Senior
Debt and nothing in this Indenture shall deprive the Trustee or any Paying Agent of any of its rights as such holder.

 

(b)       With
respect to the holders of Senior Debt, the Trustee undertakes to perform or to observe only such of its covenants and obligations
as are specifically set forth in this Article Fourteen, and no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of
Senior Debt shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to
the holders of Senior Debt (except as provided in Section 14.2 and Section 14.3 of this Indenture) and
shall not be liable to any such holders if the Trustee shall in good faith mistakenly pay over or distribute to Holders of Securities
or to the Company or to any other person cash, property or securities to which any holders of Senior Debt shall be entitled by
virtue of this Article Fourteen or otherwise.

 

14.9       Subordination
Rights Not Impaired by Acts or Omissions of the Company or Holders of Senior Debt. No right of any present or future holders
of any Senior Debt to enforce subordination as provided in this Article Fourteen will at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired
by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or
by any noncompliance by the Company with the terms of this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof that any such holder
may have or otherwise be charged with. The provisions of this Article Fourteen are intended to be for the benefit of, and shall
be enforceable directly by, the holders of Senior Debt.

 

14.10       Holders
Authorize Trustee to Effectuate Subordination of Securities. Each Holder by his acceptance of any Securities authorizes and
expressly directs the Trustee on his behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination
provided in this Article Fourteen, and appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for such purposes, including, in the event of
any dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization of the Company (whether in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, reorganization
or similar proceedings or upon an assignment for the benefit of creditors or otherwise) tending towards liquidation of the property
and assets of the Company, the filing of a claim for the unpaid balance of its Securities in the form required in those proceedings.
If the Trustee does not file a proper claim or proof in indebtedness in the form required in such proceeding at least 30 days before
the expiration of the time to file such claim or claims, each holder of Senior Debt is hereby authorized to file an appropriate
claim for and on behalf of the Holders.

 

 

 

    	 	72	 

     

    

 

14.11       Not
to Prevent Events of Default. The failure to make a payment on account of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the
Securities by reason of any provision of this Article Fourteen will not be construed as preventing the occurrence of an Event of
Default.

 

14.12       Trustee’s
Compensation Not Prejudiced. Nothing in this Article Fourteen will apply to amounts due to the Trustee pursuant to other sections
of this Indenture, including Section 6.7.

 

14.13       No
Waiver of Subordination Provisions. Without in any way limiting the generality of Section 14.9, the holders of
Senior Debt may, at any time and from time to time, without the consent of or notice to the Trustee or the Holders, without incurring
responsibility to the Holders and without impairing or releasing the subordination provided in this Article Fourteen or the obligations
hereunder of the Holders to the holders of Senior Debt, do any one or more of the following: (a) change the manner, place or terms
of payment or extend the time of payment of, or renew or alter, Senior Debt or any instrument evidencing the same or any agreement
under which Senior Debt is outstanding or secured; (b) sell, exchange, release or otherwise deal with any property pledged, mortgaged
or otherwise securing Senior Debt; (c) release any Person liable in any manner for the collection of Senior Debt; and (d) exercise
or refrain from exercising any rights against the Company and any other Person.

 

14.14       Payments
May Be Paid Prior to Dissolution. Nothing contained in this Article Fourteen or elsewhere in this Indenture shall prevent (i)
the Company, except under the conditions described in Section 14.2 or Section 14.3, from making payments
of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities, or from depositing with the Trustee any money for such payments,
or (ii) the application by the Trustee of any money deposited with it for the purpose of making such payments of principal of,
premium, if any, and interest on the Securities to the holders entitled thereto unless, at least two Business Days prior to the
date upon which such payment becomes due and payable, the Trustee shall have received the written notice provided for in Section 14.2(b)
of this Indenture (or there shall have been an acceleration of the Securities prior to such application) or in Section 14.15
of this Indenture. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization
of the Company.

 

14.15       Trust
Moneys Not Subordinated. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, payments from money or the proceeds of
U.S. Government Obligations held in trust under Article Four by the Trustee for the payment of principal of, premium, if any, and
interest on the Securities shall not be subordinated to the prior payment of any Senior Debt (provided that, at the time deposited,
such deposit did not violate any then outstanding Senior Debt), and none of the Holders shall be obligated to pay over any such
amount to any holder of Senior Debt.

 

This instrument may
be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts
shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

 

 

 

    	 	73	 

     

    

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed
and attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

 

	 	PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.
	 	 
	 	By:________________
	 	Name:______________
	 	Title:_______________
	 	 
	 	 
	 	[TRUSTEE]
	 	By:________________
	 	Name:______________
	 	Title:_______________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    	 	74Exhibit
4.1

 

PURSUANT
TO THE TERMS OF SECTION 2(a) OF THIS WARRANT, ALL OR A PORTION OF THIS WARRANT MAY HAVE BEEN EXERCISED, AND THEREFORE THE ACTUAL
NUMBER OF WARRANT SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS WARRANT MAY BE LESS THAN THE AMOUNT SET FORTH ON THE FACE HEREOF.

 

COMMON
STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT

 

DELMAR
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 

	Warrant Shares: _______	Initial Exercise Date: April ____, 2017

 

THIS
COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns
(the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter
set forth, at any time on or after the date hereof (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and on or prior to the close
of business on the five year anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter,
to subscribe for and purchase from DelMar Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), up to
______ shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock. The purchase price
of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).

 

Section
1.Definitions. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the following meanings:

 

“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common
control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

“Business
Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or
any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action
to close.

 

“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Common
Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which
such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

 

“Common
Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to
acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument
that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive,
Common Stock.

 

     

     

    

 

“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

“Fundamental
Transaction” means (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or
consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license,
assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related
transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another
Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other
securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock, (iv) the Company,
directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of
the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged
for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates
a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization,
spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than
50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons
making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement
or other business combination).

 

“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability
company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

 

“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

“Trading
Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.

 

“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on
the date in question: the NYSE MKT, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the
New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

 

“Transfer
Agent” means _____________________, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of ___________________
and a facsimile number of _______________, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

 

    	 	2	 

     

    

 

Section
2.Exercise.

 

a)  Exercise
of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times
on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company (or such other office or
agency of the Company as it may designate by notice in writing to the registered Holder at the address of the Holder appearing
on the books of the Company), as applicable, of a duly executed facsimile copy or PDF copy submitted by e-mail of the Notice of
Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) three (3) Trading
Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following
the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the shares specified in the applicable
Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure
specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be
required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the
Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full,
in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within the earlier of (i) three (3) Trading
Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period of the date the final Notice of Exercise is
delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant
Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in
an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing
the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of
Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant,
acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant
Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount
stated on the face hereof.

 

For
the avoidance of doubt, there is no circumstance that would require the Company to net cash settle the Warrants.

 

For
the avoidance of doubt, at any time during which there is no effective registration statement for the resale of the Warrant Shares,
the Company may settle the exercise of the Warrant with unregistered common stock.

 

b)  Exercise
Price. The exercise price per share of the Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $3.50, subject to adjustment hereunder
(the “Exercise Price”).

 

    	 	3	 

     

    

 

c)  Cashless Exercise. If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus
contained therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised,
in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive
a number of unregistered Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:

 

(A)
= as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice
of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both
executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours”
(as defined in Rule 600(b)(64) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the
option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise
or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s
execution of the applicable Exercise Notice if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours”
on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date
of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both
executed and delivered pursuant to Section 1(a) hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading
Day;

 

(B)
= the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and

 

(X)
= the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant
if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

 

If
Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9)
of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised, notwithstanding
that the Warrant Shares are not then registered.  The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section
2(c). 

 

“Bid
Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common
Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest
preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based
on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b)  if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a
Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or
OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the
Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization
or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported,
or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected
in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the
Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

    	 	4	 

     

    

 

“VWAP”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then
listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest
preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based
on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b)  if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a
Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or
OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the
Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization
or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported,
or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected
in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the
Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

Notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise
pursuant to this Section 2(c).

 

d)  Mechanics of Exercise.

 

i.       Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted
by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with
The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company
is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the
Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise,
and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder
or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified
by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) three (3) Trading Day Days and (ii) the number
of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date,
the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for
all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised,
irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than
in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) three (3) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading
Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise or the Holder has properly elected
to effect a cashless exercise of this Warrant in accordance with Section 2(c). If the Company fails to deliver to the Holder the
Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash,
as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the
Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the
fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until
such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a
participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard
Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s
primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

 

ii.     Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request
of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder
a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which
new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

 

iii.     Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant
to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.

 

    	 	5	 

     

    

 

iv.     Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available
to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with
the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such
date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage
firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which
the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to
the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any)
for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that
the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell
order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion
of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall
be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company
timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having
a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate
sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company
shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable
to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall
limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other equitable remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including,
without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely
deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

v.      No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise
of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the
Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction
multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

  

vi.    
Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer
tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid
by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed
by the Holder; provided, however, that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the
name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly
executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for
any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice
of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions)
required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

 

    	 	6	 

     

    

 

vii.    Closing of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise
of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

e)  Holder’s
Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to
exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance
after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and
any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution
Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).  For purposes
of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution
Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination
is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining,
nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii)
exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation,
any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein
beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties.  Except as set forth in the preceding sentence,
for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act
and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing
to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible
for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e)
applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together
with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion
of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this
Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties)
and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company
shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group
status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a
Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic
or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a
more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. 
Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to the Holder
the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding.  In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall
be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder
or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported.
The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be [4.99%] [9.99%] of the number of shares of the Common Stock
outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant.
The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section
2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock
outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the
Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will
not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph
shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct
this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation
herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations
contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant. If the Warrant is unexercisable as a result of
the holder’s Beneficial Ownership Limitation, no alternate consideration is owing to the holder.

 

    	 	7	 

     

    

 

Section
3.Certain Adjustments.

 

a)  Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or
otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities
payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company
upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines
(including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by
reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price
shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares,
if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding
immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted
such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a)
shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend
or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

  

b)  [Reserved]

 

c)  Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company
grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata
to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will
be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could
have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without
regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before
the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the
date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase
Rights (provided, however, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result
in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase
Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent)
and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto
would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

 

d)  Pro
Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or
other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to all holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return
of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options
by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction)
(a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall
be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder
had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations
on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a
record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common
Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, to the extent that the
Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation,
then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any
shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in
abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding
the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant
has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion of the Distribution shall be held
in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.

 

    	 	8	 

     

    

 

e)  Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding there is a Fundamental Transaction, then the
Holder shall have the right to exercise the Warrant concurrent with the closing of the Fundamental Transaction and receive, the
same amount and kind of securities, cash or property as it would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such Fundamental
Transaction if it had been, immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, the holder of the number of Warrant Shares then
issuable upon exercise in full of this Warrant (the "Alternate Consideration"). For purposes of any such exercise,
the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the
amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company
shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any
different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash
or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration
it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary,
in the event of a Fundamental Transaction (other than a Fundamental Transaction which was not approved by the Board of Directors,
as to which this right shall not apply), the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option,
exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later,
the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying
to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date
of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant
based on the Black and Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“Bloomberg”)
determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free
interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement
of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of 100% and
the 100 day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement
of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the sum of the
price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental
Transaction and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental
Transaction and the Termination Date. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available
funds within five Business Days of the Holder’s election (or, if later, on the effective date of the Fundamental Transaction).
At the Holder's option and request, any successor to the Company or surviving entity in such Fundamental Transaction shall
issue to the Holder a new warrant substantially in the form of this Warrant and consistent with the foregoing provisions and evidencing
the Holder's right to purchase the Alternate Consideration for the aggregate Exercise Price upon exercise thereof. The terms of
any agreement pursuant to which a Fundamental Transaction is effected shall include terms requiring any such successor or surviving
entity to comply with the provisions of this paragraph (b) and insuring that the Warrant (or any such replacement security) will
be similarly adjusted upon any subsequent transaction analogous to a Fundamental Transaction. For the avoidance of doubt, except
as expressly set forth in this Section 3(e), in no event does this agreement result in the Company having an obligation to issue
cash or other assets to the holder.

 

    	 	9	 

     

    

 

f)  
Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share,
as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as
of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

 

g)  Notice to Holder.

 

i.       Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the
Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment
and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

 

ii.      Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever
form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common
Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or
purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall
be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a
party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby
the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary
dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered
by facsimile or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register
of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating
(x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants,
or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend,
distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation,
merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that
holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other
property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure
to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action
required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material,
non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with
the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the
period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise
be expressly set forth herein.

 

    	 	10	 

     

    

 

Section
4.Transfer of Warrant.

 

a) 
Transferability. This Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable,
in whole or in part, in compliance with applicable securities laws upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the
Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto
duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of
such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants
in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument
of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this
Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary,
the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant
in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date the Holder
delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The
Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without
having a new Warrant issued.

 

b)  New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office
of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued,
signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved
in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or
Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated
the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable
pursuant thereto.

 

    	 	11	 

     

    

 

c)  Warrant
Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant
Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered
Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder,
and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

 

Section
5.Miscellaneous.

 

a)  No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other
rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth
in Section 3.

 

b)  Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence an
affidavit of loss reasonably satisfactory to it of the Company evidencing the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant
or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably
satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation
of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like
tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

 

c) 
Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right
required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next
succeeding Business Day.

 

d)  Authorized Shares.

 

The
Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common
Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights
under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers
who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant.
The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided
herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common
Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights
represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant
Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens
and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously
with such issue).

 

    	 	12	 

     

    

 

Except
and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation,
amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution,
issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the
terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all
such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above
the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, and (ii) take all such action
as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant
Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions
or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform
its obligations under this Warrant.

 

Before
taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or
in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be
necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

 

e)  Governing
Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed
by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles
of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense
of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors,
officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts
sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal
courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith
or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any
suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit,
action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal
service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered
or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under
this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing
contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either
party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action,
suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses
incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

 

    	 	13	 

     

    

 

f)   Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered,
and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities
laws.

 

g)  Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder
shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting
any other provision of this Warrant or the Purchase Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any
provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts
as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including
those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing
any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

 

h)  Notices.
Any notices, consents, waivers or other document or communications required or permitted
to be given or delivered under the terms of this Warrant must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon
receipt, if delivered personally; (ii) when sent, if sent by facsimile (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically
or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party); (iii) when sent, if sent by e-mail (provided that such sent
e-mail is kept on file (whether electronically or otherwise) by the sending party and the sending party does not receive an automatically
generated message from the recipient’s e-mail server that such e-mail could not be delivered to such recipient) and (iv)
if sent by overnight courier service, one (1) Trading Day after deposit with an overnight courier service with next day delivery
specified, in each case, properly addressed to the party to receive the same. If notice is given by facsimile or email, a copy
of such notice shall be dispatched no later than the next business day by first class mail, postage prepaid. The addresses, facsimile
numbers and e-mail addresses for such communications shall be:

 

If
to the Company:

 

DelMar
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Suite
720-999 West Broadway

Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1K5

Telephone:
___________

Attention:
____________

Email:
______________

 

    	 	14	 

     

    

 

If
to a Holder, to its address, facsimile number or e-mail address set forth herein or on the books and records of the Company.

 

i)   Or, in each of the above instances, to such other address, facsimile number or e-mail
address and/or to the attention of such other Person as the recipient party has specified by written notice given to each other
party at least five (5) days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt (A) given by the recipient
of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (B) mechanically or electronically generated by the sender’s facsimile
machine containing the time, date and recipient facsimile number or (C) provided by an overnight courier service shall be rebuttable
evidence of personal service, receipt by facsimile or receipt from an overnight courier service in accordance with clause (i),
(ii) or (iv) above, respectively. A copy of the e-mail transmission containing the time, date and recipient email address shall
be rebuttable evidence of receipt by e-mail in accordance with clause (iii) above.

 

j)   Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant
to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability
of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted
by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

 

k)  Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages,
will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not
be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees
to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

 

l)   Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby
shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted
assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant
and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

 

m)  Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company
and the Holder.

 

n)  Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective
and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such
provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions
or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

 

o) 
Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be
deemed a part of this Warrant.

 

********************

 

(Signature
Page Follows)

 

 

    	 	15	 

     

    

 

IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first
above indicated.

 

	 	delmar
                                         pharmaceuticals, inc.

	 	 
	 	By:	

	 	 	Name:
	 	 	Title:

 

    	 	16	 

     

    

 

NOTICE
OF EXERCISE

 

	To:	delmar pharmaceuticals,
inc.

 

(1)  
The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant
(only required if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable
transfer taxes, if any.

 

(2)  
Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

 

[
] in lawful money of the United States; or

 

[
] if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in
subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless
exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).

 

(3)  
Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

 

	 	 	 

 

The
Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

 

	 	 	 

 

	 	 	 

 

	 	 	 

 

[SIGNATURE
OF HOLDER]

 

Name
of Investing Entity: ___________________________________________________________________________

Signature
of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity: _____________________________________________________

Name
of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________________________________

Title
of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________________________________

Date:
__________________________________________________________________________________________

 

    	 		 

     

    

 

 

ASSIGNMENT
FORM

 

(To
assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

 

FOR
VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

 

	Name:	 	 
	 	 	(Please
    Print)
	 	 	 
	Address:	 	
	 

        
	 	(Please
                                         Print)

        

	 	 	 
	Phone
    Number:	 	 
	 	 	 
	Email
    Address:	 	 
	 	 	 
	Dated:___________________
      ____,   _______________	 	 
	Holder’s
    Signature:________________________________	 	 
	Holder’s Address:_________________________________

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