Document:

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                                                               September 2, 2004
                                                                   $5,062,500.00

Direct Pay Letter of Credit  No. S901712

U.S. Bank National Association,
as trustee (the "Trustee")
under the Indenture of Trust
between the Trustee and the CONNECTICUT DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (the "Issuer")
Dated as of August 1, 2004 (the "Indenture")

Attention: Corporate Trust Department

Ladies and Gentlemen:

      Pursuant to the Reimbursement and Credit Agreement, dated as of August 1,
2004 (the "Reimbursement Agreement"), by and between the CONNECTICUT WATER
COMPANY, a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State
of Connecticut (the "Applicant") or ("Account Party") and Citizens Bank of Rhode
Island (the "Bank"), the Bank hereby establishes in your favor as Trustee for
the benefit of the holders of the $5,000,000 Water Facilities Refunding Revenue
Bonds (the Connecticut Water Company Project - 2004A Series) (the "Bonds"), the
Bank's irrevocable direct pay Letter of Credit No. S901712 for the account of
the Applicant. All capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meanings
ascribed thereto in the Indenture.

      Subject to the terms and conditions contained herein, the Bank irrevocably
authorizes you to draw, available by your sight draft, in the form of Annex 1
hereto, drawn upon the terms and conditions hereunder set forth on the Bank
under this Letter of Credit, up to an aggregate amount not to exceed the Stated
Amount (as such term is hereinafter defined and described) as adjusted and
reinstated from time to time in accordance with the provisions thereof. However,
in no event will the Bank's commitment under this Letter of Credit (a) exceed
Five Million and no/100 Dollars ($5,000,000.00) with respect to draws made for
the payment of the unpaid principal amount of the Bonds or the portion of the
Purchase Price (as such term is defined below) corresponding to the principal of
the Bonds, and (b) with respect to draws made for payment of interest on the
Bonds or the portion of the Purchase Price corresponding to interest on the
Bonds, exceed an amount equal to forty-five (45) days' interest on the Bonds
computed in accordance with the Indenture (with a maximum rate of ten percent
(10%) per annum on the basis of a 360 day year) (namely $62,500.00).

As used herein:

      (a) "A-Drawing" means a draw made by you under this Letter of Credit with
respect to the portion of the Purchase Price which corresponds to the principal
amount of the Bonds delivered or deemed delivered to the Trustee pursuant to
Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of the Indenture.

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      (b) "B-Drawing" means a draw made by you under this Letter of Credit with
respect to the payment of principal (including without limitation upon maturity,
redemption, defeasance or acceleration) on the Bonds.

      (c) "C-Drawing" means a draw made by you under this Letter of Credit with
respect to (i) the payment of interest (including without limitation upon
maturity, redemption, defeasance or acceleration) on the Bonds, or (ii) the
payment of the portion of the Purchase Price which corresponds to the interest
amount due on Bonds delivered or deemed delivered to the Trustee pursuant to
Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of the Indenture.

      (d) "Authorized Officer" means any of your officers or representatives,
including, without limitation, those holding the title of President, Vice
President, Assistant Vice President, Assistant Secretary or Treasurer.

      (e) "Business Day" means any day (i) that is not a Saturday or Sunday;
(ii) that is a day on which banks located in Hartford, Connecticut and New York,
New York are not required or authorized to remain closed; (iii) that is a day on
which banking institutions in the cities in which the principal offices of the
Trustee, the Bank, the Paying Agent and the Remarketing Agent are located and
are not required or authorized to remain closed and (iv) that is a day on which
the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. is not closed; (v) when such term is used to
describe a day on which a payment, prepaying, or repaying is to be made under
the Reimbursement Agreement, any day which is: (A) neither a Saturday or Sunday
nor a legal holiday on which commercial banks are authorized or required to be
closed in New York City and (B) a London Banking Day; and (vi) when such term is
used to describe a day on which an interest rate determination is to be made
under the Reimbursement Agreement, any day which is a London Banking Day.

      (f) "Credit Facility Provider Bonds" means any Bonds which shall, at the
time of determination thereof, be held for the benefit of the Bank, which Bonds
shall be registered in the records of DTC in the Bank's participant number.

      (g) "Interest Component" means a portion of the Stated Amount available
under this Letter of Credit equal to the interest on the Bonds or the portion of
Purchase Price corresponding to interest on the Bonds, reduced from time to time
in accordance with the terms of this Letter of Credit, but in no event will the
Interest Component exceed an amount equal to forty-five (45) days interest on
the Bonds computed at a rate of ten percent (10%) per annum in accordance with
the Indenture.

      (h) "Principal Component" means a portion of the Stated Amount available
under this Letter of Credit equal to the unpaid principal balance of the Bonds,
or the portion of the Purchase Price corresponding to the principal of the
Bonds, reduced from time to time in accordance with the provisions of this
Letter of Credit, but in no event will the Principal Component exceed
$5,000,000.

      (i) "Purchase Price" means an amount equal to 100% of the principal amount
of, plus unpaid interest on, any bond purchased or deemed to be purchased in
accordance with Article III of the Indenture.

                                      -2-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      (j) "Stated Amount" means the aggregate amount available for draws under
this Letter of Credit which will vary from time to time in accordance with the
provisions of this Letter of Credit, but in no event will it exceed
$5,062,500.00.

      (k) "UCP" means the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits
(1993 Revision), International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 500.

      Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, funds under the Bank's
commitment under this Letter of Credit are available to you upon receipt by the
Bank by delivery in person or overnight courier at its office at 20 Cabot Road,
Mail Stop: MMF470, International Department, Medford, Massachusetts 02155 or by
facsimile transmission to the Bank at facsimile number (781) 391-8701 (with a
certification that the originals have been sent to the Bank) of a request in
respect to a drawing under the Bank's commitment, appropriately completed in the
form of Annex 1 attached hereto, together with:

      (a) if the drawing is an A-Drawing (Purchase Price), a written certificate
in the form of Certificate A attached hereto appropriately completed and signed
by an Authorized Officer;

      (b) if the drawing is a B-Drawing (Principal), a written certificate in
the form of Certificate B attached hereto appropriately completed and signed by
an Authorized Officer.

      (c) if the drawing is a C-Drawing (Interest), a written certificate in the
form of Certificate C attached hereto appropriately completed and signed by an
Authorized Officer.

      The Bank hereby agrees with you that requests for payment hereunder
presented in compliance with the terms of this Letter of Credit will be duly
honored by the Bank from funds of the Bank and not from funds received from the
Account Party, and that if such request is so presented to the Bank as
contemplated above by 4:00 p.m. New York City time (or, for Bonds in a Daily
Mode, if notice from the Remarketing Agent is received by 10:45 a.m. New York
City time and the request from the Trustee is presented to the Bank by 12:00
Noon New York City time), payment will be made by 12:00 Noon New York City time
of the immediately following Business Day (or, for Bonds in a Daily Mode, 2:15
p.m. New York City time on the same Business Day). If such request is presented
to the Bank after 4:00 p.m. (or, for Bonds in a Daily Mode, if the notice from
the Remarketing Agent is received after 10:45 a.m. New York City time or the
request from the Trustee is presented to the Bank after 12:00 Noon New York City
time), payment will be made by 12:00 Noon New York City time, on the Business
Day immediately following the next Business Day (or, for Bonds in a Daily Mode,
2:15 p.m. New York City time on the immediately following Business Day).
Payments by the Bank will be made to you in immediately available funds by wire
transfer as you may direct in your request. All payments under this Letter of
Credit will be made with our own funds.

      If a request for payment by you hereunder does not, in any way, conform to
the terms and conditions of this Letter of Credit, the Bank shall give prompt
notice that the request was not effected in accordance with the terms and
conditions of this Letter of Credit stating the reasons therefor and that the
Bank is holding any documents at your disposal or returning the same to you as
you may elect. Upon being notified that the purported negotiation was not

                                      -3-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

effected in accordance with the Letter of Credit, you may attempt to correct any
such nonconforming request for payment, if, and to the extent that, you are
entitled and able to do so.

      Drawings hereunder for payment of principal, interest or Purchase Price
may only be made from the sums available for such purposes. Any requests for
payment hereunder honored by the Bank shall not, in the aggregate, exceed the
respective portions of the Stated Amount, as adjusted and reinstated in
accordance with the provisions below.

Adjustment to Stated Amount

      (a) Subject only to reinstatement provided for in paragraph (b) below,
each drawing honored by the Bank hereunder shall pro tanto reduce the Stated
Amount in the following manner: each A-Drawing and each B-Drawing honored by the
Bank hereunder will reduce the Principal Component of the Stated Amount and each
C-Drawing will reduce the Interest Component of the Stated Amount.

      (b) With respect to any A-Drawing, the Principal Component shall be
reinstated upon receipt of, and to the extent specified in paragraph (E) of,
your certificate in the form of Annex 2 hereto, delivered to the Bank's office
at 20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470, International Department, Medford,
Massachusetts 02155.

      (c) With respect to a C-Drawing certified by you to have been made in
respect of interest payable on an Interest Payment Date (as defined in the
Indenture) as a scheduled periodic payment of interest on the Bonds or as a
portion of the Purchase Price of Bonds being purchased pursuant to Sections
2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of the Indenture if you shall not have received,
within ten (10) calendar days after any such payment in respect of a C-Drawing,
notice from the Bank to the effect that "the Letter of Credit will not be
reinstated" then the Interest Component shall be reinstated, as of the close of
business on such tenth (10th) calendar day, to the amount stated in paragraph
(H) of the Certificate in the form of Certificate C submitted in connection with
such C-Drawing.

      Only you or your successor as Trustee may make a drawing under this Letter
of Credit. Upon the payment to you or your account of the amount specified in a
sight draft drawn hereunder, the Bank shall be fully discharged of its
obligation under this Letter of Credit with respect to such sight draft, and the
Bank shall not thereafter be obligated to make any further payments under this
Letter of Credit in respect of such sight draft to you or any other person who
may have made to you or makes to you a demand for payment of principal or of
interest on any Bonds. By paying to you an amount demanded in accordance
herewith, the Bank makes no representation as to the correctness of the amount
demanded.

      This Letter of Credit applies only to the payment of principal, the
portion of the Purchase Price of the Bonds corresponding to principal and up to
forty-five (45) days' interest (computed as aforesaid) accruing on the Bonds on
or prior to the termination or expiration of this Letter of Credit and does not
apply to any interest that may accrue thereon or any principal which may be
payable with respect thereto after September 1, 2009.

                                      -4-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      Notwithstanding any other provision herein, the Bank's commitment under
this Letter of Credit shall terminate in full at, and any draft to be drawn
hereinafter must be drawn and presented before, the close of business of the
Bank on September 1, 2009 (the "Termination Date"), provided, however, that, the
Letter of Credit may be renewed for a period of one year (or such other period
to which the Bank may agree, in its sole discretion) from the Termination Date
(or any future extended expiration date) if (i) a written request for renewal is
received by the Bank between September 2, 2007 and 180 days prior to Termination
Date (or at least 180 days prior to any future extended expiration date) and
(ii) the Bank, in its sole discretion, elects to grant the request for renewal
in writing prior to Termination Date (or prior to any future extended expiration
date). This Letter of Credit shall automatically terminate prior to the
expiration date specified above upon the earlier of (a) the close of business of
the Bank on the twentieth (20th) Business Day following the date that a Notice
of Default in the form attached hereto as Annex 4 is received by you from the
Bank notifying you of the occurrence of an Event of Default under the
Reimbursement Agreement and instructing you to draw on this Letter of Credit to
pay the aggregate principal amount of and accrued interest on the Bonds
outstanding; (b) the honoring by the Bank of the final drawing available to be
made hereunder; (c) the receipt by the Bank of a Notice of Termination in the
form attached hereto as Annex 5 signed by an Authorized Officer of the Trustee.
This Letter of Credit shall be promptly surrendered by you to the Bank upon its
expiration or termination as specified above.

      This Letter of Credit is transferable in whole but not in part only to
your successor as Trustee. Any such transfer (including any successive transfer)
shall be effective upon receipt by us (which receipt shall be subsequently
confirmed in writing to the transferor and the transferee by the Bank) of the
following: (a) a signed copy of the instrument effecting each such transfer
signed by the transferor and by the transferee in the form of Annex 3 hereto,
(b) the original Letter of Credit and (c) the transfer fee and, in such case,
the transferee instead of the transferor shall, without the necessity of further
action, be entitled to all the benefits of and rights under this Letter of
Credit in the transferor's place; provided that, in such case, any certificates
of the Trustee to be provided hereunder shall be signed by one who states
therein that he is a duly authorized officer or agent of the transferee.

      Communications with respect to this Letter of Credit shall be addressed to
us at Citizens Bank of Rhode Island, 20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470,
International Department, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, specifically referring
to the number of this Letter of Credit. Except as otherwise provided for herein,
all notices and other communications provided for herein shall be by express
courier, electronic transmission (including facsimile transmission), certified
mail or delivery in person to an officer of the intended recipient at the
address specified below its name on the signature page or on the first page
hereof. All notices and other communications shall be deemed to have been duly
given when received.

      To the extent not inconsistent with the express terms hereof this Letter
of Credit shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the terms of
the UCP, except for Article 41 and the first sentence of Article 48(g) thereof.
As to matters not governed by the UCP, this Letter of Credit shall be governed
by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Connecticut,
including without limitation Article 5 of Uniform Commercial Code as in effect
in the State of Connecticut; provided however, that if this Letter of Credit
expires

                                      -5-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

during an interruption of business (as described in Article 17 of the UCP), the
Bank agrees to effect payment under this Letter of Credit if a drawing which
strictly conforms to the terms and conditions of this Letter of Credit is made
within five (5) days after the resumption of business.

      All payments made by us hereunder shall be made from our funds and not
from the funds of any other Person.

      This Letter of Credit sets forth in full the terms of our undertaking, and
such undertaking shall not in any way be modified or amended by reference to any
other document whatsoever.

CITIZENS BANK OF RHODE ISLAND

By:  _____________________________    By: _______________________________
Name: Stephen W. McAleer                  Name: Navin Bhojani
Title:  Vice President                    Title:  Asst. Vice President

                                      -6-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                         CERTIFICATE A - PURCHASE PRICE
                           CERTIFICATE FOR "A-DRAWING"

Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470
International Department
Medford, MA 02155

            Re:   Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of Credit No. S901712 (the
                  "Letter of Credit")

      The undersigned, a duly Authorized Officer of U.S. Bank National
Association (the "Trustee"), hereby certifies to Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
(the "Bank") that:

      (A) The Trustee is the Trustee under the Indenture of Trust between the
Trustee and the Connecticut Development Authority, dated as of August 1, 2004
(the "Indenture") for the holders of the Water Facilities Refunding Revenue
Bonds (The Connecticut Water Company Project - 2004A Series) (the "Bonds")
issued under the Indenture.

      (B) The Trustee is making a drawing under the Letter of Credit in the
amount of $____________ with respect to the payment of the portion of the
Purchase Price of the Bonds corresponding to the principal amount thereof, which
Bonds are to be purchased pursuant to Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of
the Indenture.

      (C) The amount demanded hereby does not exceed the amount available on the
date hereof to be drawn under the Letter of Credit in respect of the portion of
the Purchase Price of the Bonds corresponding to the principal amount thereof.

      (D) The amount demanded hereby does not include any amount in respect of
the purchase of any existing Credit Facility Provider Bonds.

      (E) Upon receipt by the undersigned of the amount demanded hereby, (1) the
undersigned will apply the same directly to the payment when due of the
principal amount owing on account of the purchase of the Bonds pursuant to the
Indenture, (2) no portion of any amount shall be applied by the undersigned for
any other purpose and (3) no portion of said amount shall be commingled with
other funds held by the undersigned.

      (F) Pursuant to Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of the Indenture,
Bonds in the aggregate amount of $______________ have actually been delivered to
the undersigned or have been deemed delivered to the undersigned.

      (G) The Bonds referred to in paragraph (F) above have been or will be
registered in the name of the Bank, or its designee or nominee pursuant to the
terms of the Indenture.

      As used herein, the terms "Authorized Officer" and "Purchase Price" have
the respective meanings assigned to such terms in the Letter of Credit.

                                      -7-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustee has executed and delivered this
Certificate as of the _____ day of _______________.

                                   U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                   By:_________________________________________
                                   Name:
                                   Title: [Authorized Officer]

                                      -8-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                          CERTIFICATE B-PRINCIPAL PRICE
                           CERTIFICATE FOR "B-DRAWING"

Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470
International Department
Medford, MA 02155

            Re:   Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of Credit No. S901712 (the
                  "Letter of Credit")

      The undersigned, a duly Authorized Officer of U.S. Bank National
Association (the "Trustee"), hereby certifies to Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
(the "Bank") that:

      (A) The Trustee is the Trustee under the Indenture of Trust between the
Trustee and the Connecticut Development Authority, dated as of August 1, 2004
(the "Indenture") for the holders of the Water Facilities Refunding Revenue
Bonds (The Connecticut Water Company Project - 2004A Series) (the "Bonds")
issued under the Indenture.

      (B) The Trustee is making a drawing under the Letter of Credit in the
amount of $____________ with respect to the payment of the principal of the
Bonds, which amount has become due and payable pursuant to the Indenture, upon
[maturity, redemption, defeasance or acceleration] of the Bonds. (Cross out any
inapplicable portion.)

      (C) The amount demanded hereby does not include any amount in respect of
the principal of any Credit Facility Provider Bonds.

      (D) The amount demanded hereon, together with the aggregate of all
payments pursuant to B-Drawings and unreimbursed A-Drawings under the Letter of
Credit, does not exceed the Principal Component.

      (E) The amount demanded hereby does not exceed the portion of the Stated
Amount available on the date hereof to be drawn under the Letter of Credit, does
not exceed the Principal Component.

      (F) Upon receipt by the undersigned of the amount demanded hereby, (1) the
undersigned will apply the same directly to the payment when due of the
principal amount owing on account of the Bonds pursuant to the Indenture, (2) no
portion of said amount shall be applied by the undersigned for any other purpose
and (3) no portion of said amount shall be commingled with other funds held by
the undersigned.

      (G) The amount demanded hereby when applied to payment of the principal
owing on the Bonds [will not constitute the final payment of the principal on
the Bonds] [will constitute the final payment of principal on the Bonds]. (Cross
out the inapplicable portion.)

                                      -9-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      As used herein, the terms "Authorized Officer", "A-Drawing", "B-Drawing",
"Credit Facility Provider Bonds", "Principal Component", and "Stated Amount"
have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in the above-referenced
Letter of Credit.

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustee has executed and delivered this
Certificate as of the _____ day of _______________.

                                 U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                 By:_________________________________________
                                 Name:
                                 Title: [Authorized Officer]

                                      -10-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                            CERTIFICATE C (INTEREST)
                           CERTIFICATE FOR "C-DRAWING"

Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470
International Department
Medford, MA 02155

            Re:   Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of Credit No. S901712 (the
                  "Letter of Credit")

      The undersigned, a duly Authorized Officer of U.S. Bank National
Association (the "Trustee"), hereby certifies to Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
(the "Bank") that:

      (A) The Trustee is the Trustee under the Indenture of Trust between the
Trustee and the Connecticut Development Authority, dated as of August 1, 2004
(the "Indenture") for the holders of the Water Facilities Refunding Revenue
Bonds (The Connecticut Water Company Project - 2004A Series) (the "Bonds")
issued under the Indenture.

      (B) The Trustee is making a C-Drawing under the Letter of Credit in the
amount of $____________ with respect to the payment of [choose one]:

         ___     (i)    the portion of the Purchase Price corresponding to the
                        interest on Bonds which are to be purchased pursuant to
                        Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of the
                        Indenture;

         ___     (ii)   interest on the Bonds, due and payable on an Interest
                        Payment Date (as defined in the Indenture) as a
                        scheduled periodic payment of interest on the Bonds; or

         ___     (iii)  interest on the Bonds, due and payable upon redemption
                        of the Bonds pursuant to Section 2.9 and Article VI of
                        the Indenture, upon defeasance of the Bonds pursuant to
                        Section 12.1 of the Indenture, upon acceleration of the
                        Bonds under Section 8.2 of the Indenture or upon any
                        purchase or other event not described in the immediately
                        foregoing clause (i) or (ii).

      (C) The amount demanded hereby does not exceed the amount available on the
date hereof to be drawn under the Letter of Credit in respect of interest on the
Bonds.

      (D) The amount demanded hereby does not include any portion of the Stated
Amount in respect of interest on any Credit Facility Provider Bonds or in
respect of any Bonds held by or for account of the Applicant (whether or not the
same are Credit Facility Provider Bonds).

                                      -11-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      (E) Upon receipt by the undersigned of the amount demanded hereby, (1) the
undersigned will apply the same directly to the payment when due of the
[interest owing on account of the Bonds pursuant to the Indenture] [portion of
the Purchase Price of the Bonds pursuant to Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or
2.16 of the Indenture corresponding to interest thereon.] (Cross out any
inapplicable portion), (2) no portion of any amount shall be applied by the
undersigned for any other purpose and (3) no portion of said amount shall be
commingled with other funds held by the undersigned.

      (F) In the case of a drawing being made to pay the portion of the Purchase
Price of Bonds being purchased pursuant to Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or
2.16 of the Indenture corresponding to interest thereon, the Trustee shall
release the proceeds of this drawings only to the extent it has received Bonds
in an aggregate principal amount equal to the amount of proceeds of the
A-Drawing accompanying this drawing and which are being released by the Trustee.

      (G) In the case of a drawing being made pursuant to any redemption,
acceleration or purchase (except for purchases pursuant to Sections 2.10, 2.11,
2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of the Indenture), the undersigned is making a simultaneous
B-Drawing to pay the principal of all of the Bonds which are being redeemed or
so purchased or the maturity of which has been accelerated.

      (H) The C-Drawing made hereunder has been made (check and complete, as
applicable):

         ____     (i)   In respect of interest payable on an Interest Payment
                        Date as a scheduled periodic payment of interest on the
                        Bonds or as a portion of the Purchase Price of Bonds
                        being purchased pursuant to Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12,
                        2.15 or 2.16 of the Indenture and the Interest Component
                        of the Letter of Credit should be reinstated, subject to
                        the conditions of the terms of the Letter of Credit, to
                        $__________, being an amount equal to forty-five (45)
                        days' interest (computed at the rate of ten percent
                        (10%) per annum, on the basis of a 360 day year), on the
                        outstanding Principal Component of $__________.

         ____     (ii)  In respect of interest payable upon maturity,
                        redemption, defeasance or other event not described in
                        the immediately foregoing clause (i), and accordingly,
                        no reinstatement shall be made to the Interest Component
                        or otherwise to the Stated Amount as a result of this
                        C-Drawing.

      As used herein, the terms "Authorized Officer", "Applicant", "A-Drawing",
"B-Drawing", "C-Drawing", "Credit Facility Provider Bonds", "Interest
Component", "Principal Component", "Purchase Price" and "Stated Amount" have the
respective meanings assigned to such terms in the Letter of Credit.

                                      -12-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustee has executed and delivered this
Certificate as of the _____ day of _______________.

                                   U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                   By:_________________________________________
                                   Name:
                                   Title: [Authorized Officer]

                                      -13-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                                     ANNEX 1

                                   SIGHT DRAFT

                                   Address:  Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
                                             20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470
                                             International Department
                                             Medford, MA 02155

FOR VALUE RECEIVED
Pay at sight to:
U.S.___________________
(U.S. $_________________)

Charge to account of ________________________

      Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of Credit No. S901712 dated September 2,
2004 (the "Letter of Credit")

To:      c/o _________________________________
          ____________________________________
          ____________________________________
         Attn: _______________________________
               _______________________________

      The sum drawn does not exceed the Stated Amount, as reduced and reinstated
through the date hereof, as provided in the Letter of Credit.

Dated as of the ___ day of _________________ , ______.

                                 U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                 By:_________________________________________
                                 Name:
                                 Title: [Authorized Officer]

                                      -14-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      The signature below constitutes an endorsement of this Sight Draft:

                                 U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                 By:_________________________________________
                                 Name:
                                 Title:  [Authorized Officer]

                                      -15-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                                     ANNEX 2

              CERTIFICATE FOR REINSTATEMENT OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENT

Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470
International Department
Medford, MA 02155

            Re:   Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of Credit No. S901712 (the
                  "Letter of Credit")

      The undersigned, a duly Authorized Officer of U.S. Bank National
Association (the "Trustee"), hereby certifies to Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
(the "Bank") that:

      (A) The Trustee is the Trustee under the Indenture of Trust between the
Trustee and the Connecticut Development Authority, dated as of August 1, 2004
(the "Indenture") for the holders of the Water Facilities Refunding Revenue
Bonds (The Connecticut Water Company Project - 2004A Series) (the "Bonds")
issued under the Indenture.

      (B) The Trustee previously made an A-Drawing on _____________________
[insert date] under the Letter of Credit in the amount of $_______________ and
such amount has not been reinstated under the Principal Component of the Letter
of Credit.

      (C) The undersigned has not received notice from the Bank that an Event of
Default has occurred under the Reimbursement and Credit Agreement dated as of
August 1, 2004 (the "Reimbursement Agreement"), between The Connecticut Water
Company (the "Account Party") and the Bank.

      (D) The Trustee has either (i) received notice from the Bank that the Bank
received a payment in reimbursement of all or part of such A-Drawing or (ii) the
Trustee has given irrevocable notice to the Bank, on or prior to 3:00 p.m. New
York City time on the Business Day immediately preceding the date hereof (or
10:45 a.m. New York City time on the same Business Day for Bonds in a Daily
Mode), being a date on which the Trustee must give notice that Credit Facility
Provider Bonds are being marketed, that the Trustee (a) has payment for the
Credit Facility Provider Bonds being marketed, (b) is holding such cash payment
for benefit of the Bank and (c) will deposit such cash payment in an account the
Bank maintains with the Trustee or deliver such cash payment to the Bank
immediately by federal funds wire transfer.

                                      -16-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      (E) By filing of this Certificate, you shall reinstate the Principal
Component in an amount equal to $____________ being (i) the amount of the cash
payment received by the Bank in reimbursement of such A-Drawing or (ii) the
amount of the cash payment specified in the notice referred to in paragraph (D)
hereof as being received from the purchase of the Credit Facility Provider Bonds
being remarketed, or the aggregate of any combination resulting from the
operation of the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), but in any case not in excess
of the principal amount of Bonds outstanding at the time of such reinstatement.

      As used herein, the terms "Authorized Officer", "A-Drawing", "Credit
Facility Provider Bonds" and "Principal Component" have the respective meanings
assigned to such terms in the above-referenced Letter of Credit.

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustee has executed and delivered this
Certificate as of the _____ day of _______________.

                                    U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                    By:_________________________________________
                                    Name:
                                    Title:

                                      -17-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                                     ANNEX 3

                              REQUEST FOR TRANSFER

Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
20 Cabot Road
Mail Stop: MMF470
International Department
Medford, MA 02155

DATE: ___________________

RE: CITIZENS BANK STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT NUMBER S901712

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, THE UNDERSIGNED BENEFICIARY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY TRANSFERS TO:

______________________________________________________________
(NAME OF TRANSFEREE)

______________________________________________________________
(STREET ADDRESS)

______________________________________________________________
(CITY, STATE, COUNTRY)

ALL RIGHTS OF THE UNDERSIGNED BENEFICIARY TO DRAW UNDER THE ABOVE LETTER OF
CREDIT IN ITS ENTIRETY.

PLEASE ADVISE THE TRANSFERRED LETTER OF CREDIT THROUGH, (IF APPLICABLE):

______________________________________________________________
(ADVISING BANK)

______________________________________________________________
(STREET ADDRESS)

______________________________________________________________
(CITY, STATE, COUNTRY)

BY THIS TRANSFER, ALL RIGHTS OF THE UNDERSIGNED BENEFICIARY IN SUCH LETTER OF
CREDIT ARE TRANSFERRED TO THE TRANSFEREE AND THE TRANSFEREE SHALL HAVE THE SOLE
RIGHTS AS BENEFICIARY THEREOF, INCLUDING SOLE RIGHTS TO ANY AMENDMENTS WHETHER
INCREASES OR EXTENSIONS OR OTHER AMENDMENTS AND WHETHER NOW EXISTING OR
HEREAFTER MADE. ALL AMENDMENTS ARE TO BE ADVISED TO THE TRANSFEREE WITHOUT
NECESSITY OF ANY CONSENT OF OR NOTICE TO THE UNDERSIGNED BENEFICIARY.

                                      -18-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

THE ORIGINAL LETTER OF CREDIT IS RETURNED HEREWITH TOGETHER WITH ANY AND ALL
AMENDMENTS, AND WE ASK YOU TO ENDORSE THE TRANSFER ON THE REVERSE OF THE LETTER
OF CREDIT AND FORWARD IT DIRECTLY TO THE TRANSFEREE WITH YOUR CUSTOMARY NOTICE
OF TRANSFER.

(ENCLOSED IS THE TRANSFER FEE OF ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS ($1,000.00)).

VERY TRULY YOURS,                                  SIGNATURE AUTHENTICATED

                                                    (BANK'S SEAL REQUIRED)
FOR______________________________________
         (BENEFICIARY CO'S NAME)
                                                   BY _________________________

                                                   (BENEFICIARY'S BANK)

BY _______________________________________
            (AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE)

                                      -19-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                                     ANNEX 4

                                 DEFAULT NOTICE

                                                      Date: ________________

Registered Mail
Return Receipt Requested/Overnight Courier

(Name and Address of Beneficiary)

Attention:

Re:      Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of Credit No. S901712
         Occurrence of Event of Default under Reimbursement and
         Credit Agreement dated as of August 1, 2004 between
         The Connecticut Water Company and Citizens Bank of Rhode Island

Ladies and Gentlemen:

      You are hereby notified that an Event of Default under Section 6 of the
above-referenced Reimbursement Agreement has occurred and is continuing. You are
hereby directed to draw on the Letter of Credit in an amount sufficient to pay
the aggregate principal amount of and accrued interest on the Bonds outstanding.

                                  CITIZENS BANK OF RHODE ISLAND

                                  By:_________________________________________
                                  Name:
                                  Title:

                                      -20-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                                     ANNEX 5

                              NOTICE OF TERMINATION

Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
20 Cabot Road
Mail Stop: MMF470
International Department
Medford, MA 02155

Ladies and Gentlemen:

      Reference is hereby made to that certain Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of
Credit No. S901712 dated September 2, 2004 (the "Letter of Credit"), which has
been established by you for the account of The Connecticut Water Company (the
"Account Party") in favor of U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee.

      The undersigned hereby certifies and confirms that [(i) no Bonds (as
defined in the Letter of Credit) remain Outstanding, (ii) all drawings required
to be made and available under the Letter of Credit have been made and honored,
or (iii) a Substitute Letter of Credit has been issued to replace the Letter of
Credit pursuant to Section 3.11 of the Indenture of Trust, dated as of August 1,
2004, between the Connecticut Development Authority and the Trustee] and,
accordingly, the Letter of Credit shall be terminated in accordance with its
terms.

      All defined terms used herein which are not otherwise defined shall have
the same meaning as in the Letter of Credit.

                                      U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                      By_____________________________________
                                         Title of Authorized Officer

                                      -21-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                                                               September 2, 2004
                                                                   $4,606,875.00

Direct Pay Letter of Credit  No. S901713

U.S. Bank National Association,
as trustee (the "Trustee")
under the Indenture of Trust

between the Trustee and the CONNECTICUT DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (the "Issuer")
Dated as of August 1, 2004 (the "Indenture")

Attention: Corporate Trust Department

Ladies and Gentlemen:

      Pursuant to the Reimbursement and Credit Agreement, dated as of August 1,
2004 (the "Reimbursement Agreement"), by and between the CONNECTICUT WATER
COMPANY, a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State
of Connecticut (the "Applicant") or ("Account Party") and Citizens Bank of Rhode
Island (the "Bank"), the Bank hereby establishes in your favor as Trustee for
the benefit of the holders of the $4,550,000 Water Facilities Refunding Revenue
Bonds (the Connecticut Water Company Project - 2004B Series) (the "Bonds"), the
Bank's irrevocable direct pay Letter of Credit No. S901713 for the account of
the Applicant. All capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meanings
ascribed thereto in the Indenture.

      Subject to the terms and conditions contained herein, the Bank irrevocably
authorizes you to draw, available by your sight draft, in the form of Annex 1
hereto, drawn upon the terms and conditions hereunder set forth on the Bank
under this Letter of Credit, up to an aggregate amount not to exceed the Stated
Amount (as such term is hereinafter defined and described) as adjusted and
reinstated from time to time in accordance with the provisions thereof. However,
in no event will the Bank's commitment under this Letter of Credit (a) exceed
Four Million Five Hundred Fifty Thousand and no/100 Dollars ($4,550,000.00) with
respect to draws made for the payment of the unpaid principal amount of the
Bonds or the portion of the Purchase Price (as such term is defined below)
corresponding to the principal of the Bonds, and (b) with respect to draws made
for payment of interest on the Bonds or the portion of the Purchase Price
corresponding to interest on the Bonds, exceed an amount equal to forty-five
(45) days' interest on the Bonds computed in accordance with the Indenture (with
a maximum rate of ten percent (10%) per annum on the basis of a 360 day year)
(namely $56,875.00).

As used herein:

      (a) "A-Drawing" means a draw made by you under this Letter of Credit with
respect to the portion of the Purchase Price which corresponds to the principal
amount of the Bonds delivered or deemed delivered to the Trustee pursuant to
Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of the Indenture.

                                      -A-8-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      (b) "B-Drawing" means a draw made by you under this Letter of Credit with
respect to the payment of principal (including without limitation upon maturity,
redemption, defeasance or acceleration) on the Bonds.

      (c) "C-Drawing" means a draw made by you under this Letter of Credit with
respect to (i) the payment of interest (including without limitation upon
maturity, redemption, defeasance or acceleration) on the Bonds, or (ii) the
payment of the portion of the Purchase Price which corresponds to the interest
amount due on Bonds delivered or deemed delivered to the Trustee pursuant to
Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of the Indenture.

      (d) "Authorized Officer" means any of your officers or representatives,
including, without limitation, those holding the title of President, Vice
President, Assistant Vice President, Assistant Secretary or Treasurer.

      (e) "Business Day" means any day (i) that is not a Saturday or Sunday;
(ii) that is a day on which banks located in Hartford, Connecticut and New York,
New York are not required or authorized to remain closed; (iii) that is a day on
which banking institutions in the cities in which the principal offices of the
Trustee, the Bank, the Paying Agent and the Remarketing Agent are located and
are not required or authorized to remain closed and (iv) that is a day on which
the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. is not closed; (v) when such term is used to
describe a day on which a payment, prepaying, or repaying is to be made under
the Reimbursement Agreement, any day which is: (A) neither a Saturday or Sunday
nor a legal holiday on which commercial banks are authorized or required to be
closed in New York City and (B) a London Banking Day; and (vi) when such term is
used to describe a day on which an interest rate determination is to be made
under the Reimbursement Agreement, any day which is a London Banking Day.

      (f) "Credit Facility Provider Bonds" means any Bonds which shall, at the
time of determination thereof, be held for the benefit of the Bank, which Bonds
shall be registered in the records of DTC in the Bank's participant number.

      (g) "Interest Component" means a portion of the Stated Amount available
under this Letter of Credit equal to the interest on the Bonds or the portion of
Purchase Price corresponding to interest on the Bonds, reduced from time to time
in accordance with the terms of this Letter of Credit, but in no event will the
Interest Component exceed an amount equal to forty-five (45) days interest on
the Bonds computed at a rate of ten percent (10%) per annum in accordance with
the Indenture.

      (h) "Principal Component" means a portion of the Stated Amount available
under this Letter of Credit equal to the unpaid principal balance of the Bonds,
or the portion of the Purchase Price corresponding to the principal of the
Bonds, reduced from time to time in accordance with the provisions of this
Letter of Credit, but in no event will the Principal Component exceed
$4,550,000.

      (i) "Purchase Price" means an amount equal to 100% of the principal amount
of, plus unpaid interest on, any bond purchased or deemed to be purchased in
accordance with Article III of the Indenture.

                                      -2-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      (j) "Stated Amount" means the aggregate amount available for draws under
this Letter of Credit which will vary from time to time in accordance with the
provisions of this Letter of Credit, but in no event will it exceed
$4,606,875.00.

      (k) "UCP" means the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits
(1993 Revision), International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 500.

      Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, funds under the Bank's
commitment under this Letter of Credit are available to you upon receipt by the
Bank by delivery in person or overnight courier at its office at 20 Cabot Road,
Mail Stop: MMF470, International Department, Medford, Massachusetts 02155 or by
facsimile transmission to the Bank at facsimile number (781) 391-8701 (with a
certification that the originals have been sent to the Bank) of a request in
respect to a drawing under the Bank's commitment, appropriately completed in the
form of Annex 1 attached hereto, together with:

      (a) if the drawing is an A-Drawing (Purchase Price), a written certificate
in the form of Certificate A attached hereto appropriately completed and signed
by an Authorized Officer;

      (c) if the drawing is a B-Drawing (Principal), a written certificate in
the form of Certificate B attached hereto appropriately completed and signed by
an Authorized Officer.

      (c) if the drawing is a C-Drawing (Interest), a written certificate in
the form of Certificate C attached hereto appropriately completed and signed by
an Authorized Officer.

         The Bank hereby agrees with you that requests for payment hereunder
presented in compliance with the terms of this Letter of Credit will be duly
honored by the Bank from funds of the Bank and not from funds received from the
Account Party, and that if such request is so presented to the Bank as
contemplated above by 4:00 p.m. New York City time (or, for Bonds in a Daily
Mode, if notice from the Remarketing Agent is received by 10:45 a.m. New York
City time and the request from the Trustee is presented to the Bank by 12:00
Noon New York City time), payment will be made by 12:00 Noon New York City time
of the immediately following Business Day (or, for Bonds in a Daily Mode, 2:15
p.m. New York City time on the same Business Day). If such request is presented
to the Bank after 4:00 p.m. (or, for Bonds in a Daily Mode, if the notice from
the Remarketing Agent is received after 10:45 a.m. New York City time or the
request from the Trustee is presented to the Bank after 12:00 Noon New York City
time), payment will be made by 12:00 Noon New York City time, on the Business
Day immediately following the next Business Day (or, for Bonds in a Daily Mode,
2:15 p.m. New York City time on the immediately following Business Day).
Payments by the Bank will be made to you in immediately available funds by wire
transfer as you may direct in your request. All payments under this Letter of
Credit will be made with our own funds.

         If a request for payment by you hereunder does not, in any way, conform
to the terms and conditions of this Letter of Credit, the Bank shall give prompt
notice that the request was not effected in accordance with the terms and
conditions of this Letter of Credit stating the reasons therefor and that the
Bank is holding any documents at your disposal or returning the same to you as
you may elect. Upon being notified that the purported negotiation was not

                                      -3-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

effected in accordance with the Letter of Credit, you may attempt to correct any
such nonconforming request for payment, if, and to the extent that, you are
entitled and able to do so.

      Drawings hereunder for payment of principal, interest or Purchase Price
may only be made from the sums available for such purposes. Any requests for
payment hereunder honored by the Bank shall not, in the aggregate, exceed the
respective portions of the Stated Amount, as adjusted and reinstated in
accordance with the provisions below.

Adjustment to Stated Amount

      (a) Subject only to reinstatement provided for in paragraph (b) below,
each drawing honored by the Bank hereunder shall pro tanto reduce the Stated
Amount in the following manner: each A-Drawing and each B-Drawing honored by the
Bank hereunder will reduce the Principal Component of the Stated Amount and each
C-Drawing will reduce the Interest Component of the Stated Amount.

      (b) With respect to any A-Drawing, the Principal Component shall be
reinstated upon receipt of, and to the extent specified in paragraph (E) of,
your certificate in the form of Annex 2 hereto, delivered to the Bank's office
at 20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470, International Department, Medford,
Massachusetts 02155.

      (d) With respect to a C-Drawing certified by you to have been made in
respect of interest payable on an Interest Payment Date (as defined in the
Indenture) as a scheduled periodic payment of interest on the Bonds or as a
portion of the Purchase Price of Bonds being purchased pursuant to Sections
2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of the Indenture if you shall not have received,
within ten (10) calendar days after any such payment in respect of a C-Drawing,
notice from the Bank to the effect that "the Letter of Credit will not be
reinstated" then the Interest Component shall be reinstated, as of the close of
business on such tenth (10th) calendar day, to the amount stated in paragraph
(H) of the Certificate in the form of Certificate C submitted in connection with
such C-Drawing.

      Only you or your successor as Trustee may make a drawing under this Letter
of Credit. Upon the payment to you or your account of the amount specified in a
sight draft drawn hereunder, the Bank shall be fully discharged of its
obligation under this Letter of Credit with respect to such sight draft, and the
Bank shall not thereafter be obligated to make any further payments under this
Letter of Credit in respect of such sight draft to you or any other person who
may have made to you or makes to you a demand for payment of principal or of
interest on any Bonds. By paying to you an amount demanded in accordance
herewith, the Bank makes no representation as to the correctness of the amount
demanded.

      This Letter of Credit applies only to the payment of principal, the
portion of the Purchase Price of the Bonds corresponding to principal and up to
forty-five (45) days' interest (computed as aforesaid) accruing on the Bonds on
or prior to the termination or expiration of this Letter of Credit and does not
apply to any interest that may accrue thereon or any principal which may be
payable with respect thereto after September 1, 2009.

                                      -4-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      Notwithstanding any other provision herein, the Bank's commitment under
this Letter of Credit shall terminate in full at, and any draft to be drawn
hereinafter must be drawn and presented before, the close of business of the
Bank on September 1, 2009 (the "Termination Date"), provided, however, that, the
Letter of Credit may be renewed for a period of one year (or such other period
to which the Bank may agree, in its sole discretion) from the Termination Date
(or any future extended expiration date) if (i) a written request for renewal is
received by the Bank between September 2, 2007 and 180 days prior to Termination
Date (or at least 180 days prior to any future extended expiration date) and
(ii) the Bank, in its sole discretion, elects to grant the request for renewal
in writing prior to Termination Date (or prior to any future extended expiration
date). This Letter of Credit shall automatically terminate prior to the
expiration date specified above upon the earlier of (a) the close of business of
the Bank on the twentieth (20th) Business Day following the date that a Notice
of Default in the form attached hereto as Annex 4 is received by you from the
Bank notifying you of the occurrence of an Event of Default under the
Reimbursement Agreement and instructing you to draw on this Letter of Credit to
pay the aggregate principal amount of and accrued interest on the Bonds
outstanding; (b) the honoring by the Bank of the final drawing available to be
made hereunder; (c) the receipt by the Bank of a Notice of Termination in the
form attached hereto as Annex 5 signed by an Authorized Officer of the Trustee.
This Letter of Credit shall be promptly surrendered by you to the Bank upon its
expiration or termination as specified above.

      This Letter of Credit is transferable in whole but not in part only to
your successor as Trustee. Any such transfer (including any successive transfer)
shall be effective upon receipt by us (which receipt shall be subsequently
confirmed in writing to the transferor and the transferee by the Bank) of the
following: (a) a signed copy of the instrument effecting each such transfer
signed by the transferor and by the transferee in the form of Annex 3 hereto,
(b) the original Letter of Credit and (c) the transfer fee and, in such case,
the transferee instead of the transferor shall, without the necessity of further
action, be entitled to all the benefits of and rights under this Letter of
Credit in the transferor's place; provided that, in such case, any certificates
of the Trustee to be provided hereunder shall be signed by one who states
therein that he is a duly authorized officer or agent of the transferee.

      Communications with respect to this Letter of Credit shall be addressed to
us at Citizens Bank of Rhode Island, 20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470,
International Department, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, specifically referring
to the number of this Letter of Credit. Except as otherwise provided for herein,
all notices and other communications provided for herein shall be by express
courier, electronic transmission (including facsimile transmission), certified
mail or delivery in person to an officer of the intended recipient at the
address specified below its name on the signature page or on the first page
hereof. All notices and other communications shall be deemed to have been duly
given when received.

      To the extent not inconsistent with the express terms hereof this Letter
of Credit shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the terms of
the UCP, except for Article 41 and the first sentence of Article 48(g) thereof.
As to matters not governed by the UCP, this Letter of Credit shall be governed
by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Connecticut,
including without limitation Article 5 of Uniform Commercial Code as in effect
in the State of Connecticut; provided however, that if this Letter of Credit
expires

                                      -5-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

during an interruption of business (as described in Article 17 of the UCP), the
Bank agrees to effect payment under this Letter of Credit if a drawing which
strictly conforms to the terms and conditions of this Letter of Credit is made
within five (5) days after the resumption of business.

      All payments made by us hereunder shall be made from our funds and not
from the funds of any other Person.

      This Letter of Credit sets forth in full the terms of our undertaking, and
such undertaking shall not in any way be modified or amended by reference to any
other document whatsoever.

CITIZENS BANK OF RHODE ISLAND

By:  _____________________________    By: ___________________________
Name: Stephen W. McAleer              Name: Navin Bhojani
Title:  Vice President                Title:  Asst. Vice President

                                      -6-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                         CERTIFICATE A - PURCHASE PRICE
                           CERTIFICATE FOR "A-DRAWING"

Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470
International Department
Medford, MA 02155

            Re:   Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of Credit No. S901713 (the
                  "Letter of Credit")

      The undersigned, a duly Authorized Officer of U.S. Bank National
Association (the "Trustee"), hereby certifies to Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
(the "Bank") that:

      (A) The Trustee is the Trustee under the Indenture of Trust between the
Trustee and the Connecticut Development Authority, dated as of August 1, 2004
(the "Indenture") for the holders of the Water Facilities Refunding Revenue
Bonds (The Connecticut Water Company Project - 2004B Series) (the "Bonds")
issued under the Indenture.

      (B) The Trustee is making a drawing under the Letter of Credit in the
amount of $____________ with respect to the payment of the portion of the
Purchase Price of the Bonds corresponding to the principal amount thereof, which
Bonds are to be purchased pursuant to Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of
the Indenture.

      (C) The amount demanded hereby does not exceed the amount available on the
date hereof to be drawn under the Letter of Credit in respect of the portion of
the Purchase Price of the Bonds corresponding to the principal amount thereof.

      (D) The amount demanded hereby does not include any amount in respect of
the purchase of any existing Credit Facility Provider Bonds.

      (E) Upon receipt by the undersigned of the amount demanded hereby, (1) the
undersigned will apply the same directly to the payment when due of the
principal amount owing on account of the purchase of the Bonds pursuant to the
Indenture, (2) no portion of any amount shall be applied by the undersigned for
any other purpose and (3) no portion of said amount shall be commingled with
other funds held by the undersigned.

      (F) Pursuant to Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of the Indenture,
Bonds in the aggregate amount of $______________ have actually been delivered to
the undersigned or have been deemed delivered to the undersigned.

      (G) The Bonds referred to in paragraph (F) above have been or will be
registered in the name of the Bank, or its designee or nominee pursuant to the
terms of the Indenture.

      As used herein, the terms "Authorized Officer" and "Purchase Price" have
the respective meanings assigned to such terms in the Letter of Credit.

                                      -7-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustee has executed and delivered this
Certificate as of the _____ day of _______________.

                                  U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                  By:_________________________________________
                                  Name:
                                  Title: [Authorized Officer]

                                      -8-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                          CERTIFICATE B-PRINCIPAL PRICE
                           CERTIFICATE FOR "B-DRAWING"

Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470
International Department
Medford, MA 02155

            Re:   Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of Credit No. S901713 (the
                  "Letter of Credit")

      The undersigned, a duly Authorized Officer of U.S. Bank National
Association (the "Trustee"), hereby certifies to Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
(the "Bank") that:

      (F) The Trustee is the Trustee under the Indenture of Trust between the
Trustee and the Connecticut Development Authority, dated as of August 1, 2004
(the "Indenture") for the holders of the Water Facilities Refunding Revenue
Bonds (The Connecticut Water Company Project - 2004B Series) (the "Bonds")
issued under the Indenture.

      (G) The Trustee is making a drawing under the Letter of Credit in the
amount of $____________ with respect to the payment of the principal of the
Bonds, which amount has become due and payable pursuant to the Indenture, upon
[maturity, redemption, defeasance or acceleration] of the Bonds. (Cross out any
inapplicable portion.)

      (H) The amount demanded hereby does not include any amount in respect of
the principal of any Credit Facility Provider Bonds.

      (I) The amount demanded hereon, together with the aggregate of all
payments pursuant to B-Drawings and unreimbursed A-Drawings under the Letter of
Credit, does not exceed the Principal Component.

      (J) The amount demanded hereby does not exceed the portion of the Stated
Amount available on the date hereof to be drawn under the Letter of Credit, does
not exceed the Principal Component.

      (F) Upon receipt by the undersigned of the amount demanded hereby, (1) the
undersigned will apply the same directly to the payment when due of the
principal amount owing on account of the Bonds pursuant to the Indenture, (2) no
portion of said amount shall be applied by the undersigned for any other purpose
and (3) no portion of said amount shall be commingled with other funds held by
the undersigned.

      (G) The amount demanded hereby when applied to payment of the principal
owing on the Bonds [will not constitute the final payment of the principal on
the Bonds] [will constitute the final payment of principal on the Bonds]. (Cross
out the inapplicable portion.)

                                      -9-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      As used herein, the terms "Authorized Officer", "A-Drawing", "B-Drawing",
"Credit Facility Provider Bonds", "Principal Component", and "Stated Amount"
have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in the above-referenced
Letter of Credit.

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustee has executed and delivered this
Certificate as of the _____ day of _______________.

                                    U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                    By:_________________________________________
                                    Name:
                                    Title: [Authorized Officer]

                                      -10-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                            CERTIFICATE C (INTEREST)
                           CERTIFICATE FOR "C-DRAWING"

Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470
International Department
Medford, MA 02155

            Re:   Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of Credit No. S901713 (the
                  "Letter of Credit")

      The undersigned, a duly Authorized Officer of U.S. Bank National
Association (the "Trustee"), hereby certifies to Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
(the "Bank") that:

      (A) The Trustee is the Trustee under the Indenture of Trust between the
Trustee and the Connecticut Development Authority, dated as of August 1, 2004
(the "Indenture") for the holders of the Water Facilities Refunding Revenue
Bonds (The Connecticut Water Company Project - 2004B Series) (the "Bonds")
issued under the Indenture.

      (B) The Trustee is making a C-Drawing under the Letter of Credit in the
amount of $____________ with respect to the payment of [choose one]:

         ___     (i)    the portion of the Purchase Price corresponding to the
                        interest on Bonds which are to be purchased pursuant to
                        Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of the
                        Indenture;

         ___     (ii)   interest on the Bonds, due and payable on an Interest
                        Payment Date (as defined in the Indenture) as a
                        scheduled periodic payment of interest on the Bonds; or

         ___     (iii)  interest on the Bonds, due and payable upon redemption
                        of the Bonds pursuant to Section 2.9 and Article VI of
                        the Indenture, upon defeasance of the Bonds pursuant to
                        Section 12.1 of the Indenture, upon acceleration of the
                        Bonds under Section 8.2 of the Indenture or upon any
                        purchase or other event not described in the immediately
                        foregoing clause (i) or (ii).

      (C) The amount demanded hereby does not exceed the amount available on the
date hereof to be drawn under the Letter of Credit in respect of interest on the
Bonds.

      (D) The amount demanded hereby does not include any portion of the Stated
Amount in respect of interest on any Credit Facility Provider Bonds or in
respect of any Bonds held by or for account of the Applicant (whether or not the
same are Credit Facility Provider Bonds).

                                      -11-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      (E) Upon receipt by the undersigned of the amount demanded hereby, (1) the
undersigned will apply the same directly to the payment when due of the
[interest owing on account of the Bonds pursuant to the Indenture] [portion of
the Purchase Price of the Bonds pursuant to Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or
2.16 of the Indenture corresponding to interest thereon.] (Cross out any
inapplicable portion), (2) no portion of any amount shall be applied by the
undersigned for any other purpose and (3) no portion of said amount shall be
commingled with other funds held by the undersigned.

      (F) In the case of a drawing being made to pay the portion of the Purchase
Price of Bonds being purchased pursuant to Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 or
2.16 of the Indenture corresponding to interest thereon, the Trustee shall
release the proceeds of this drawings only to the extent it has received Bonds
in an aggregate principal amount equal to the amount of proceeds of the
A-Drawing accompanying this drawing and which are being released by the Trustee.

      (G) In the case of a drawing being made pursuant to any redemption,
acceleration or purchase (except for purchases pursuant to Sections 2.10, 2.11,
2.12, 2.15 or 2.16 of the Indenture), the undersigned is making a simultaneous
B-Drawing to pay the principal of all of the Bonds which are being redeemed or
so purchased or the maturity of which has been accelerated.

      (H) The C-Drawing made hereunder has been made (check and complete, as
applicable):

         ____     (i)   In respect of interest payable on an Interest Payment
                        Date as a scheduled periodic payment of interest on the
                        Bonds or as a portion of the Purchase Price of Bonds
                        being purchased pursuant to Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12,
                        2.15 or 2.16 of the Indenture and the Interest Component
                        of the Letter of Credit should be reinstated, subject to
                        the conditions of the terms of the Letter of Credit, to
                        $__________, being an amount equal to forty-five (45)
                        days' interest (computed at the rate of ten percent
                        (10%) per annum, on the basis of a 360 day year), on the
                        outstanding Principal Component of $__________.

         ____    (ii)   In respect of interest payable upon maturity,
                        redemption, defeasance or other event not described in
                        the immediately foregoing clause (i), and accordingly,
                        no reinstatement shall be made to the Interest Component
                        or otherwise to the Stated Amount as a result of this
                        C-Drawing.

      As used herein, the terms "Authorized Officer", "Applicant", "A-Drawing",
"B-Drawing", "C-Drawing", "Credit Facility Provider Bonds", "Interest
Component", "Principal Component", "Purchase Price" and "Stated Amount" have the
respective meanings assigned to such terms in the Letter of Credit.

                                      -12-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustee has executed and delivered this
Certificate as of the _____ day of _______________.

                                  U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                  By:_________________________________________
                                  Name:
                                  Title: [Authorized Officer]

                                      -13-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                                     ANNEX 1

                                   SIGHT DRAFT

                                    Address: Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
                                             20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470
                                             International Department
                                             Medford, MA 02155

FOR VALUE RECEIVED Pay at sight to:
U.S. __________________
(U.S. $____________________)

Charge to account of ______________________

      Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of Credit No. S901713 dated September 2,
2004 (the "Letter of Credit")

To:      c/o ______________________________
        ___________________________________
        ___________________________________

        Attn: ________________________
              ________________________

      The sum drawn does not exceed the Stated Amount, as reduced and reinstated
through the date hereof, as provided in the Letter of Credit.

Dated as of the ___ day of ______________ , ______.

                                     U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                     By:_______________________________________
                                     Name:
                                     Title: [Authorized Officer]

                                      -14-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      The signature below constitutes an endorsement of this Sight Draft:

                                    U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                    By:_________________________________________
                                    Name:
                                    Title:  [Authorized Officer]

                                      -15-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                                     ANNEX 2

              CERTIFICATE FOR REINSTATEMENT OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENT

Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
20 Cabot Road, Mail Stop: MMF470
International Department
Medford, MA 02155

            Re:   Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of Credit No. S901713 (the
                  "Letter of Credit")

      The undersigned, a duly Authorized Officer of U.S. Bank National
Association (the "Trustee"), hereby certifies to Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
(the "Bank") that:

      (A) The Trustee is the Trustee under the Indenture of Trust between the
Trustee and the Connecticut Development Authority, dated as of August 1, 2004
(the "Indenture") for the holders of the Water Facilities Refunding Revenue
Bonds (The Connecticut Water Company Project - 2004B Series) (the "Bonds")
issued under the Indenture.

      (B) The Trustee previously made an A-Drawing on _____________________
[insert date] under the Letter of Credit in the amount of $_______________ and
such amount has not been reinstated under the Principal Component of the Letter
of Credit.

      (C) The undersigned has not received notice from the Bank that an Event of
Default has occurred under the Reimbursement and Credit Agreement dated as of
August 1, 2004 (the "Reimbursement Agreement"), between The Connecticut Water
Company (the "Account Party") and the Bank.

      (D) The Trustee has either (i) received notice from the Bank that the Bank
received a payment in reimbursement of all or part of such A-Drawing or (ii) the
Trustee has given irrevocable notice to the Bank, on or prior to 3:00 p.m. New
York City time on the Business Day immediately preceding the date hereof (or
10:45 a.m. New York City time on the same Business Day for Bonds in a Daily
Mode), being a date on which the Trustee must give notice that Credit Facility
Provider Bonds are being marketed, that the Trustee (a) has payment for the
Credit Facility Provider Bonds being marketed, (b) is holding such cash payment
for benefit of the Bank and (c) will deposit such cash payment in an account the
Bank maintains with the Trustee or deliver such cash payment to the Bank
immediately by federal funds wire transfer.

                                      -16-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

      (E) By filing of this Certificate, you shall reinstate the Principal
Component in an amount equal to $____________ being (i) the amount of the cash
payment received by the Bank in reimbursement of such A-Drawing or (ii) the
amount of the cash payment specified in the notice referred to in paragraph (D)
hereof as being received from the purchase of the Credit Facility Provider Bonds
being remarketed, or the aggregate of any combination resulting from the
operation of the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), but in any case not in excess
of the principal amount of Bonds outstanding at the time of such reinstatement.

      As used herein, the terms "Authorized Officer", "A-Drawing", "Credit
Facility Provider Bonds" and "Principal Component" have the respective meanings
assigned to such terms in the above-referenced Letter of Credit.

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustee has executed and delivered this
Certificate as of the _____ day of _______________.

                                     U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                     By:______________________________________
                                     Name:
                                     Title:

                                      -17-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                                     ANNEX 3

                              REQUEST FOR TRANSFER

Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
20 Cabot Road
Mail Stop: MMF470
International Department
Medford, MA 02155

DATE: ___________________

RE: CITIZENS BANK STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT NUMBER S901713

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, THE UNDERSIGNED BENEFICIARY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY TRANSFERS TO:

_________________________________________________
(NAME OF TRANSFEREE)

_________________________________________________
(STREET ADDRESS)

_________________________________________________
(CITY, STATE, COUNTRY)

ALL RIGHTS OF THE UNDERSIGNED BENEFICIARY TO DRAW UNDER THE ABOVE LETTER OF
CREDIT IN ITS ENTIRETY.

PLEASE ADVISE THE TRANSFERRED LETTER OF CREDIT THROUGH, (IF APPLICABLE):

_________________________________________________
(ADVISING BANK)

_________________________________________________
(STREET ADDRESS)

_________________________________________________
(CITY, STATE, COUNTRY)

BY THIS TRANSFER, ALL RIGHTS OF THE UNDERSIGNED BENEFICIARY IN SUCH LETTER OF
CREDIT ARE TRANSFERRED TO THE TRANSFEREE AND THE TRANSFEREE SHALL HAVE THE SOLE
RIGHTS AS BENEFICIARY THEREOF, INCLUDING SOLE RIGHTS TO ANY AMENDMENTS WHETHER
INCREASES OR EXTENSIONS OR OTHER AMENDMENTS AND WHETHER NOW EXISTING OR
HEREAFTER MADE. ALL AMENDMENTS ARE TO BE ADVISED TO THE TRANSFEREE WITHOUT
NECESSITY OF ANY CONSENT OF OR NOTICE TO THE UNDERSIGNED BENEFICIARY.

                                      -18-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

THE ORIGINAL LETTER OF CREDIT IS RETURNED HEREWITH TOGETHER WITH ANY AND ALL
AMENDMENTS, AND WE ASK YOU TO ENDORSE THE TRANSFER ON THE REVERSE OF THE LETTER
OF CREDIT AND FORWARD IT DIRECTLY TO THE TRANSFEREE WITH YOUR CUSTOMARY NOTICE
OF TRANSFER.

(ENCLOSED IS THE TRANSFER FEE OF ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS ($1,000.00)).

VERY TRULY YOURS,                                 SIGNATURE AUTHENTICATED

                                                  (BANK'S SEAL REQUIRED)
FOR______________________________________
          (BENEFICIARY CO'S NAME)
                                                  BY _________________________

                                                 (BENEFICIARY'S BANK)

BY _______________________________________
          (AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE)

                                      -19-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                                     ANNEX 4

                                 DEFAULT NOTICE

                                                            Date: ____________

Registered Mail
Return Receipt Requested/Overnight Courier

(Name and Address of Beneficiary)

Attention:

Re:      Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of Credit No. S901713
         Occurrence of Event of Default under Reimbursement and
         Credit Agreement dated as of August 1, 2004 between
         The Connecticut Water Company and Citizens Bank of Rhode Island

Ladies and Gentlemen:

      You are hereby notified that an Event of Default under Section 6 of the
above-referenced Reimbursement Agreement has occurred and is continuing. You are
hereby directed to draw on the Letter of Credit in an amount sufficient to pay
the aggregate principal amount of and accrued interest on the Bonds outstanding.

                                CITIZENS BANK OF RHODE ISLAND

                                By:_________________________________________
                                Name:
                                Title:

                                      -20-

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 4.31

                                     ANNEX 5

                              NOTICE OF TERMINATION

Citizens Bank of Rhode Island
20 Cabot Road
Mail Stop: MMF470
International Department
Medford, MA 02155

Ladies and Gentlemen:

      Reference is hereby made to that certain Irrevocable Direct Pay Letter of
Credit No. S901713 dated September 2, 2004 (the "Letter of Credit"), which has
been established by you for the account of The Connecticut Water Company (the
"Account Party") in favor of U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee.

      The undersigned hereby certifies and confirms that [(i) no Bonds (as
defined in the Letter of Credit) remain Outstanding, (ii) all drawings required
to be made and available under the Letter of Credit have been made and honored,
or (iii) a Substitute Letter of Credit has been issued to replace the Letter of
Credit pursuant to Section 3.11 of the Indenture of Trust, dated as of August 1,
2004, between the Connecticut Development Authority and the Trustee] and,
accordingly, the Letter of Credit shall be terminated in accordance with its
terms.

      All defined terms used herein which are not otherwise defined shall have
the same meaning as in the Letter of Credit.

                            U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                            By _______________________________________
                               Title of Authorized Officer

                                      -21-<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 10.1

                         CONNECTICUT WATER SERVICE, INC.

                                                                             No:

                             INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION

      THIS AGREEMENT, made as of the grant date indicated in Section 3 below,
and between Connecticut Water Service, Inc. (the "Company"), and the undersigned
individual (the "Optionee"), pursuant to the Connecticut Water Service, Inc.
Amended and Restated Performance Stock Program (the "Plan"). (Terms not defined
herein shall have the same meaning as in the Plan.)

      WHEREAS, the Optionee is an eligible employee of the Company and the
Company through the Plan's Committee has approved the grant of Incentive Stock
Options ("Options") under the Plan to the Optionee.

      NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the terms and conditions of this
Agreement and pursuant to the Plan, the parties agree as follows:

1.    GRANT OF OPTIONS. The Company hereby grants to the Optionee the right and
      option to purchase from the Company, at the exercise price set forth in
      Section 3 below, all or any part of the aggregate number of shares of
      common stock of the Company, as such common shares are presently
      constituted (the "Stock"), set forth in said Section 3.

2.    TERMS AND CONDITIONS. It is understood and agreed that the Option
      evidenced hereby is subject to the provisions of the Plan (which are
      incorporated herein by reference) and the following terms and conditions:

      a.    EXPIRATION DATE. The Option evidenced hereby shall expire on the
            date specified in Section 3 below, or at such earlier date as is
            provided in the Plan upon termination of Optionee's employment.

      b.    EXERCISE OF OPTION. The Option evidenced hereby shall be exercisable
            from time to time by submitting an appropriate notice of exercise
            ten days prior to the date of exercise specifying the number of
            shares for which the Option is being exercised, addressed to the
            Company at its principal place of business

                        and either:

                                    (i)     CASH ONLY EXERCISE - submitting the
                                            full cash purchase price of the
                                            exercised stock; or

                                    (ii)    CASHLESS EXERCISE - submitting
                                            appropriate authorization for the
                                            sale of Stock in an amount
                                            sufficient to provide the full
                                            purchase price, or

                                    (iii)   COMBINATION - tendering a
                                            combination of (i) and (ii) above.

<PAGE>

                                                                    Exhibit 10.1

      c.    WITHHOLDING TAXES. Without regard to the method of exercise and
            payment, the Optionee shall pay to the Company, upon notice of the
            amount due, any withholding taxes payable with respect to such
            exercise, which payment may be made with shares of Stock which would
            otherwise be issued pursuant to the Option.

      d.    EXERCISE SCHEDULE. The Option will become exercisable with respect
            to 20% of the Option on each anniversary of the date of grant;
            provided that Optionee is employed by the Company or a Subsidiary on
            such date.

      e.    COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND REGULATIONS. The Option evidenced hereby is
            subject to restrictions imposed at any time on the exercise or
            delivery of shares in violation of the By-Laws of the Company or of
            any law or governmental regulation that the Company may find to be
            valid and applicable.

      f.    INTERPRETATION. Optionee hereby acknowledges that this Agreement is
            governed by the Plan, a copy of which Optionee hereby acknowledges
            having received, and by such administrative rules and regulations
            relative to the Plan and not inconsistent therewith as may be
            adopted and amended from time by the Committee (the "Rules").
            Optionee agrees to be bound by the terms and provisions of the Plan
            and the Rules.

      3.    Option Data.

            Optionee's Name:

            Number of shares of Stock
            Subject to this Option:

            Grant Date:

            Exercise Price Per Share:

            Expiration Date:

            Beneficiary:

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be executed
by its authorized officer, as of the Grant Date identified in Section 3.

Agreed to:                                  Connecticut Water Service, Inc.

___________________________                 By:  ___________________________
Optionee:                                        Name:  Michele G. DiAcri
                                                 Title: Corporate Secretary

Date:  _______________

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