Document:

FOURTH AMENDMENT

                                 to that certain

            SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AND SECURITY AGREEMENT

     This FOURTH AMENDMENT, dated as of October 17, 2005 (this "Amendment"),  is
made in  connection  with that certain  Second  Amended and Restated  Credit and
Security Agreement, dated as of November 21, 2002 and amended and restated as of
January 2, 2004,  and  amended by that  certain  First  Amendment  to the Credit
Agreement,  dated as of April 29, 2005, and by that certain Second  Amendment to
the Credit  Agreement,  dated as of August 5, 2005,  and by that  certain  Third
Amendment  to the  Credit  Agreement,  dated as of August 22,  2005 (as  further
amended,  supplemented  or  otherwise  modified  from time to time,  the "Credit
Agreement"),   among  Columbus  McKinnon  Corporation  (the  "Borrower"),  Larco
Industrial  Services Ltd.,  Columbus  McKinnon  Limited,  the  Guarantors  named
therein, the lending  institutions party thereto, and Bank of America,  N.A., as
Administrative  Agent and Issuing Lender.  Capitalized terms used herein and not
defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Credit Agreement.

     WHEREAS, the Borrower has advised the Administrative Agent of its intention
to consummate an offering of up to  $90,000,000 of its common stock on or before
December 31, 2005, or on such other date as may be reasonably  acceptable to the
Administrative Agent (the "Equity Offering");

     WHEREAS,  the Borrower has requested that the Administrative  Agent and the
Lenders (i) waive the  requirement  that the Net Cash  Payments from such Equity
Offering  be  applied to prepay the Loans or  permanently  reduce the  Revolving
Credit  Commitment,  (ii) consent to the use of the Net Cash  Payments from such
Equity   Offering  to  prepay  the  Senior  Notes  and  for  other  purposes  as
specifically  set forth in this Amendment and (iii) agree to amend certain terms
and  provisions  of the  Credit  Agreement,  as  specifically  set forth in this
Amendment; and

     WHEREAS,  the  Lenders  are  willing  to  waive  such  requirement  for the
prepayment  of the Loans and the  permanent  reduction of the  Revolving  Credit
Commitment,  consent to such  prepayment  of the Senior  Notes and other uses of
such Net Cash  Payments and amend  certain  terms and  provisions  of the Credit
Agreement, but only on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein;

     NOW,  THEREFORE,  in consideration of the foregoing  premises,  the parties
hereto hereby agree as follows:

     1. AMENDMENTS.

     (a) Section 1.1 of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by:

<PAGE>

          (i) amending the  definition  of "EBITDA" by adding the  following new
clause (vii) to the end of paragraph (b) of such definition:

     "; and (vii) up to  $2,500,000  of the  amount of the  premium  paid by the
Borrower,  in cash, in  connection  with the  redemption of the Existing  Senior
Subordinated Notes"; and

          (ii)  adding the  following  new  definition  thereto  in the  correct
alphabetical location:

     "Equity  Offering"  means that certain equity offering of up to $90,000,000
of the Borrower's  common stock,  consummated on or before December 31, 2005, or
on  such  other  date  as may be  reasonably  acceptable  to the  Administrative
Agent.".

     (b) Section  8.1(e)(i) of the Credit  Agreement  is hereby to read,  in its
entirety, as follows:

          "(i) with respect to all such  outstanding  Indebtedness  in excess of
the local currency equivalent (as determined by the Agent from time by reference
to the  Exchange  Rate) of  $5,000,000,  the proceeds of such  Indebtedness  are
transferred  to the  Borrower  and  applied to the  repayment  of the  Revolving
Loans,".

     (c) Section  8.10(b) of the Credit  Agreement is hereby amended by deleting
the table contained therein and substituting in lieu thereof the following:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

      ---------------------------------------------------------------------   -----------------------------

                               Period Ratio
      ---------------------------------------------------------------------   -----------------------------
      ---------------------------------------------------------------------   -----------------------------
      <S>                                                                     <C>

        June 30, 2005 and each fiscal quarter ending thereafter prior to               4.25 to 1.00
                    the consummation of the Equity Offering
      ---------------------------------------------------------------------   -----------------------------
      ---------------------------------------------------------------------   -----------------------------

        The first fiscal quarter ending after the consummation of Equity               3.25 to 1.00
             Offering and for each fiscal quarter ending thereafter
      ---------------------------------------------------------------------   -----------------------------

</TABLE>

     2.  WAIVER.  The  Administrative  Agent and the  Lenders  hereby  waive the
requirements of (a) Section 2.8(b)(ii) of the Credit Agreement that the Net Cash
Payments from the Equity Offering be applied to prepay the Loans and (b) Section
2.8(c)(ii) that the Revolving  Credit  Commitment be permanently  reduced by the
amount of such Net Cash Payments.

     3. CONSENT TO PREPAYMENT OF SENIOR NOTES.  Notwithstanding  anything to the
contrary  contained in the Credit Agreement,  the  Administrative  Agent and the

<PAGE>

Lenders  hereby  consent to the  application  of the Net Cash  Payments from the
Equity Offering to the redemption and/or prepayment of the outstanding principal
of the Senior  Notes;  provided  that (i) the  principal  amount of Senior Notes
redeemed and/or prepaid,  together with all premium paid in connection therewith
and all fees and expenses incurred in connection therewith,  does not exceed the
amount of Net Cash Payments  received  from the Equity  Offering and (ii) at the
time of such redemption and/or prepayment,  no Default or Event of Default shall
have occurred and be continuing.

     4.  CONSENT  REGARDING  EXCESS NET CASH  PAYMENTS.  To the extent  that the
amount of Net Cash Payments from the Equity Offering  exceeds the amount applied
to the  redemption  and/or  prepayment  of the Senior  Notes and the  payment of
premium and fees and  expenses  incurred  in  connection  therewith  pursuant to
Section 3 above (the amount of such excess referred to herein as the "Excess Net
Cash  Payments"),  notwithstanding  anything to the  contrary  contained  in the
Credit Agreement, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders hereby consent to use
of such Excess Net Cash  Payments for the following  purposes,  in each case, so
long as (i) no Default or Event of Default  exists or would  result after giving
effect to such use of the Excess Net Cash Payments and (ii) the aggregate amount
so expended does not exceed the amount of such Excess Net Cash Payments:

     (a)  the  acquisition  by the Borrower or by any Subsidiary of the Borrower
          (in which case the Administrative Agent and the Lenders consent to the
          contribution  of such Excess Net Cash  Payments  from the  Borrower to
          such  Subsidiary for the purpose of such  acquisition)  of any Person,
          business or specified group of assets (the  "Target");  provided that,
          with respect to any such acquisition:  (i) the consideration therefore
          shall  be paid (A) in cash or (B) with a  combination  (with,  for the
          avoidance of doubt, the parties hereto acknowledging and agreeing that
          any  consideration,  including  that in a form other than cash,  shall
          constitute  use of Excess Net Cash  Payments,  reducing the  remaining
          amount  of  Excess  Net  Cash  Payments   available   for   additional
          acquisitions), acceptable to the Administrative Agent, of cash and (x)
          the  Borrower's  issuance of an  unsecured  note,  (y) the issuance or
          assumption of unsecured Indebtedness of the Target otherwise permitted
          under the  Credit  Agreement  and/or  (z) the  assumption  of  secured
          Indebtedness  of the Target;  provided that (1) such  Indebtedness  is
          outstanding  prior to the  consummation of such acquisition and is not
          incurred  in  connection  with  such  acquisition  and (2)  the  liens
          securing such Indebtedness only extend to the assets acquired pursuant
          to such acquisition and not to any other assets of the Borrower or any
          of its Subsidiaries; (ii) such acquisition shall have been approved by
          the board of directors and shareholders,  if required,  of the Target;
          (iii) the Target should be engaged in the same line of business as the
          Borrower or a line of business substantially related thereto; (iv) the
          Administrative  Agent shall be reasonably satisfied with the terms and

<PAGE>

          conditions of such  acquisition;  (v) the Borrower shall have provided
          to the  Administrative  Agent a  Compliance  Certificate  in form  and
          substance  satisfactory to it,  demonstrating the Borrower's pro forma
          compliance,  after  giving  effect  to  such  acquisition,   with  the
          covenants set forth in Section 8.10;  and (vi) the Borrower shall have
          provided  the  Administrative  Agent with all  information  reasonably
          requested  relating  thereto and shall have taken all steps reasonably
          requested by the  Administrative  Agent to, if the buyer in connection
          with such  acquisition  is a Credit Party,  assure the  perfection and
          priority of the Administrative Agent's lien in any Person or assets so
          acquired;

     (b)  Investments made in connection with the Borrower's  foreign  expansion
          strategy  (which such  Investments  may include,  for the avoidance of
          doubt,  investments,  loans,  advances  (each of which  may be used as
          general  working capital by the entities in which such Excess Net Cash
          Payments were invested),  and capital  expenditures made in connection
          with such foreign expansion strategy); and

     (c)  for the general  corporate and working capital  purposes of the Credit
          Parties.

     5.  AFFIRMATION  AND  ACKNOWLEDGMENT.  The  Borrower  hereby  ratifies  and
confirms all of its Obligations to the Lenders,  including,  without limitation,
the  Loans,  the Notes and the other Loan  Documents,  and the  Borrower  hereby
affirms  its  absolute  and  unconditional  promise  to pay to the  Lenders  all
Obligations under the Credit Agreement as amended hereby.  Each Guarantor hereby
acknowledges  and  consents  to this  Amendment  and agrees  that its  Guarantee
remains in full force and effect,  and each such Guarantor confirms and ratifies
all of its Guarantee  obligations  under the Credit Agreement and the other Loan
Documents.  The Borrower and the Guarantors  hereby confirm that the Obligations
or Guarantee obligations under the Credit Agreement, as the case may be, are and
remain secured pursuant to the Credit Agreement and the Collateral Documents and
pursuant to all other  instruments  and documents  executed and delivered by the
Borrower  or such  Guarantor,  as  security  for the  Obligations  or  Guarantee
obligations under the Credit Agreement, as the case may be.

     6.  REPRESENTATIONS  AND  WARRANTIES.  The Borrower  hereby  represents and
warrants to the Lenders as follows:

     (a)  The execution and delivery by the Borrower and the  Guarantors of this
          Amendment,  and the  performance by the Borrower and the Guarantors of
          their  obligations and agreements  under this Amendment and the Credit
          Agreement as amended hereby, are within the corporate authority of the
          Borrower and the  Guarantors  and,  have been duly  authorized  by all
          necessary  corporate  proceedings  on behalf of the  Borrower  and the
          Guarantors,  and do not contravene any provision of law, statute, rule
          or regulation to which the Borrower or any Guarantor is subject or the

<PAGE>

          Borrower's or any Guarantor's  charter,  other  incorporation  papers,
          by-laws  or any stock  provision  or any  amendment  thereof or of any
          agreement  or  other  instrument  binding  upon  the  Borrower  or any
          Guarantor.

     (b)  This Amendment and the Credit  Agreement as amended hereby  constitute
          legal,  valid  and  binding   obligations  of  the  Borrower  and  the
          Guarantors,  enforceable in accordance  with their  respective  terms,
          except  as  limited   by   bankruptcy,   insolvency,   reorganization,
          moratorium  or other  laws  relating  to or  affecting  generally  the
          enforcement of creditors'  rights or general  principles of equity and
          except to the  extent  that  availability  of the  remedy of  specific
          performance  or injunctive  relief is subject to the discretion of the
          court before which any proceeding therefore may be brought.

     (c)  Other than approvals or consents which have been obtained, no approval
          or consent of, or filing with, any governmental agency or authority is
          required to make valid and legally binding the execution,  delivery or
          performance by the Borrower of this Amendment,  the Credit  Agreement,
          as amended hereby, or any pledge described herein.

     (d)  The  representations  and  warranties  contained  in  Section 5 of the
          Credit  Agreement  are true and correct at and as of the date made and
          as of the date hereof,  except to the extent of changes resulting from
          transactions contemplated or permitted by the Credit Agreement and the
          other Loan Documents and changes  occurring in the ordinary  course of
          business that singly or in the aggregate are not  materially  adverse,
          or to the  extent  that such  representations  and  warranties  relate
          expressly to an earlier date.

     (e)  The Borrower has performed and complied in all material  respects with
          all terms and conditions  herein  required to be performed or complied
          with by it prior to or at the time hereof,  and as of the date hereof,
          after giving effect to the provisions hereof, there exists no Event of
          Default or Default.

     7. CONDITIONS TO  EFFECTIVENESS.  The effectiveness of this Amendment shall
be conditioned  upon (i) execution  hereof by the Required  Lenders and (ii) all
terms and conditions relating to the Equity Offering being in form and substance
satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.

     8. COUNTERPARTS. This Amendment may be executed in several counterparts and
by each  party on a  separate  counterpart,  each of  which  when  executed  and
delivered shall be an original,  and all of which together shall  constitute one
instrument.  In proving  this  Amendment it shall not be necessary to produce or
account  for more than one such  counterpart  signed by the party  against  whom
enforcement is sought.

     9.  DELIVERY  BY  FACSIMILE.  This  Amendment,  to the  extent  signed  and
delivered  by means of a facsimile  machine,  shall be treated in all manner and
respects as an original  agreement or instrument and shall be considered to have

<PAGE>

the same binding legal effect as if it were the original  signed version thereof
delivered in person. At the request of any party hereto or to any such agreement
or  instrument,  each other party hereto or thereto  shall  re-execute  original
forms thereof and deliver them to all other  parties.  No party hereto or to any
such  agreement  or  instrument  shall raise the use of a  facsimile  machine to
deliver a signature or the fact that any  signature  or agreement or  instrument
was  transmitted  or  communicated  through the use of a facsimile  machine as a
defense to the  formation  of a  contract  and each party  forever  waives  such
defense.

     10. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

     (a) Except as otherwise  expressly  provided by this Amendment,  all of the
terms,  conditions  and  provisions  of the Credit  Agreement and the other Loan
Documents  shall  remain  the same.  It is  declared  and  agreed by each of the
parties hereto that the Credit Agreement,  as amended hereby,  shall continue in
full force and effect, and that this Amendment and the Credit Agreement shall be
read and construed as one instrument.

     (b) This Amendment shall be construed according to and governed by the laws
of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

     (c)  Pursuant  to  Section  11.3 of the  Credit  Agreement,  all  costs and
expenses  incurred or sustained by the Agent in connection  with this Amendment,
including  the  fees  and  disbursements  of  legal  counsel  for the  Agent  in
producing,  reproducing and negotiating this Amendment,  will be for the account
of the Credit Parties whether or not this Amendment is consummated.

            [Remainder of page intentional; signatures on next page]

<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has caused this Amendment to be
executed as of the date first written above.

                                      BORROWER
                                      --------

                                      COLUMBUS MCKINNON CORPORATION

                                      By:    /S/ Karen L. Howard
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Karen L. Howard
                                      Title: Vice President, Treasurer and
                                             Interim Chief Financial Officer

                                      CANADIAN BORROWERS
                                      ------------------

                                      LARCO INDUSTRIAL SERVICES LTD

                                      By:    /S/ Karen L. Howard
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Karen L. Howard
                                      Title: Vice President

                                      COLUMBUS MCKINNON LIMITED

                                      By:    /S/ Karen L. Howard
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Karen L. Howard
                                      Title: Vice President

                                      GUARANTORS
                                      ----------

                                      YALE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS, INC.

                                      By:    /S/ Karen L. Howard
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Karen L. Howard
                                      Title: Vice President

                                      CRANE EQUIPMENT & SERVICE, INC.

                                      By:    /S/ Karen L. Howard
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Karen L. Howard
                                      Title: Vice President

<PAGE>

                                      AUDUBON EUROPE S.A.R.L.

                                      By:    /S/ Karen L. Howard
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Karen L. Howard
                                      Title: Manager

                                      By:    /S/ Romain Thillens
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Romain Thillens
                                      Title: Manager

<PAGE>

                                      BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,
                                      as Administrative Agent

                                      By:    /S/ Colleen O'Brien
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Colleen O'Brien
                                      Title: Vice President

<PAGE>

                                      BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.
                                      as Lender, Issuing Lender, and Cash
                                      Management Bank

                                      By:    /S/ Colleen O'Brien
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Colleen O'Brien
                                      Title: Vice President

<PAGE>

                                      CHARTER ONE BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                      By:    /S/ Jeffrey P. Kenefick
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Jeffrey P. Kenefick
                                      Title: Vice President

<PAGE>

                                      WACHOVIA CAPITAL FINANCE CORPORATION
                                      (CENTRAL)

                                      By:    /S/ Barry Felker
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Barry Felker
                                      Title: Associate

<PAGE>

                                      MANUFACTURERS AND TRADERS TRUST COMPANY

                                      By:    /S/ Andrew M. Constantino
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Andrew M. Constantino
                                      Title: Vice President

<PAGE>

                                      MERRILL LYNCH CAPITAL, A DIVISION OF
                                      MERRILL LYNCH BUSINESS FINANCIAL
                                      SERVICES INC.

                                      By:    /S/ Andrew C. Sepe
                                             -----------------------------------
                                      Name:  Andrew C. Sepe
                                      Title: Vice President<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.1

                          SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

                  THIS SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT, dated as of the date of
acceptance set forth below, is entered into by and among ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
INDUSTRIES, INC., a Delaware corporation, with headquarters located at 211
Madison Avenue, #28B, New York, New York 10016 (the "Company"), and the entity
(other than the Company) named on a signature page hereto (as used herein, such
signatory is referred to as the "Lender").

                              W I T N E S S E T H:

                  WHEREAS, the Company and the Lender are executing and
delivering this Agreement in accordance with and in reliance upon the exemption
from securities registration for offers and sales under Regulation D as
promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC")
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act"), and/or Section
4(2) of the 1933 Act; and

                  WHEREAS, the Lender wishes to lend funds to the Company,
subject to and upon the terms and conditions of this Agreement (and acceptance
of this Agreement by the Company, the repayment of which will be represented by
9% Convertible Debentures of the Company (the "Convertible Debentures"), which
Convertible Debentures will be convertible into shares of Common Stock of the
Company (the "Common Stock"), upon the terms and subject to the conditions of
such Convertible Debentures) together with the Warrants (as defined below)
exercisable for the purchase of shares of Common Stock;

                  NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual
covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as
follows:

                  1.       AGREEMENT TO PURCHASE; PURCHASE PRICE.

                  a.       PURCHASE.

                  (i) Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and
the other Transaction Agreements, the undersigned hereby agrees to loan to the
Company One Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars (the "Purchase Price"), The
obligation to repay the loan from the Lender shall be evidenced by the Company's
issuance of one or more Convertible Debentures to the Lender in such principal
amount (the "Debentures"). Each Debenture (i) shall provide for a conversion
price (the "Conversion Price"), which price may be adjusted from time to as
provided in the Debenture or in the other Transaction Agreements, (ii) shall
have the terms and conditions of, and be substantially in the form attached
hereto as ANNEX I and (iii) shall have such number of Warrants attached as
provided in Section 4(f) below. The loan to be made by the Lender and the
issuance of the Debentures and Warrants to the Lender are sometimes referred to
herein and in the other Transaction Agreements as the purchase and sale of the
Debentures and Warrants.

                                       1
<PAGE>

                  (ii) The Purchase Price to be paid by the Lender shall be
equal to the face amount of the Debentures being purchased on the relevant
Closing Date (as defined below) and shall be payable in United States Dollars.

                  b. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS. As used herein, each of the following
terms has the meaning set forth below, unless the context otherwise requires:

                  (i) "Affiliate" means, with respect to a specific Person
referred to in the relevant provision, another Person who or which controls or
is controlled by or is under common control with such specified Person.

                  (ii) "Certificate of Incorporation Amendment" means an
amendment to the Company's Certificate of Incorporation to increase the
authorized capital stock of the Company in an amount sufficient such that all of
the Debentures can be converted into shares of Common Stock and all shares of
Common Stock subject to the Warrants can be issued upon exercise of the
Warrants.

                  (iii) "Certificate of Incorporation Amendment Filing Date"
means the date the Company files with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware the Certificate of Incorporation Amendment.

                  (iv) "Certificates" means the Debentures and the Warrants,
each duly executed by the Company and issued on the Closing Date (as defined
below) in the name of the Lender.

                  (v) "Closing Date" means as defined in Section 6 herein.

                  (vi) "Closing Price" means the closing bid price during
regular trading hours of the Common Stock (in U.S. Dollars) on the Principal
Trading Market, as reported by the Reporting Service.

                  (vii) "Company Control Person" means each current director,
executive officer, promoter, and such other Persons as may be deemed in control
of the Company pursuant to Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934
Act (as defined below).

                  (viii) "Company Securities" means shares of Common Stock or
securities convertible into and/or rights exercisable for the issuance of shares
of Common Stock.

                  (ix) "Conversion Shares" means the shares of Common Stock
issuable upon conversion of the Debentures (including, if relevant, accrued
interest on the Debentures so converted).

                                       2
<PAGE>

                  (x) "Disclosure Letter" means a letter dated the date hereof
from the Company to the Lender arranged in sections corresponding to the
identified Sections of this Agreement; provided that any matter set forth in any
section of the Disclosure Letter shall, unless the context otherwise requires,
be deemed set forth for all purposes of the Disclosure Letter.

                  (xi) "Effective Date" means the effective date of the
Registration Statement.

                  (xi) "Escrow Agent" means the escrow agent identified in the
Joint Escrow Instructions attached hereto as ANNEX II (the "Joint Escrow
Instructions").

                  (xiii) "Escrow Funds" means the Purchase Price delivered to
the Escrow Agent as contemplated by Sections 1(c) and (d) hereof.

                  (xiv) "Escrow Property" means the Escrow Funds and the
Certificates delivered to the Escrow Agent as contemplated by Section 1(c)
hereof.

                  (xv) "Fixed Conversion Price" shall have the meaning ascribed
to it in the Debenture.

                  (xvi) "Holder" means the Person owning or having the right to
acquire Registrable Securities or any permitted transferee of a Holder.

                  (xvii) "Last Audited Date" means December 31, 2004.

                  (xviii) "Lender Control Person" means each current director,
executive officer, promoter, and such other Persons as may be deemed in control
of the Lender pursuant to Rule 405 under the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934
Act (as defined below).

                  (xix) "Material Adverse Effect" means an event or combination
of events, which individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected
to (w) adversely affect the legality, validity or enforceability of the
Securities or any of the Transaction Agreements, (x) have or result in a
material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, or financial
condition of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (y)
adversely impair the Company's ability to perform fully on a timely basis its
obligations under any of the Transaction Agreements or the transactions
contemplated thereby.

                  (xx) "New Transaction" means the sale by the Company of
Securities consummated after the date hereof; provided that a New Transaction
shall not include (1) the issuance of Company Securities upon the exercise or
conversion of options, warrants or convertible securities outstanding on the
date hereof, (2) the sale of the Securities to the Lender, (3) the issuance of
Company Securities to employees or consultants of the Company or its
subsidiaries or (4) the sale of Company Securities set forth on Schedule 1
hereto.

                  (xxi) "Person" means any living person or any entity, such as,
but not necessarily limited to, a corporation, partnership or trust.

                                       3
<PAGE>

                  (xxii) "Principal Trading Market" means the OTC Electronic
Bulletin Board .

                  (xxiv) "Registrable Securities" shall have the meaning
ascribed to it in the Registration Rights Agreement.

                  (xxiv) "Registration Rights Agreement" means the Registration
Rights Agreement attached hereto as Annex IV.

                  (xxv) "Registration Statement" means a registration statement
of the Company under the Securities Act covering Registrable Securities.

                  (xxvi) "Reporting Service" means Bloomberg LP or if that
service is not then reporting the relevant information regarding the Common
Stock, a comparable reporting service of national reputation selected by the
Holders of more than 50% of the outstanding Debentures at such time and
reasonably acceptable to the Company.

                  (xxvii) "Securities" means the Debentures, the Warrants, and
the Shares.

                  (xxviii) "Security Agreement" means the Security Agreement
attached hereto as Annex VIII.

                  (xxix) "Shares" means the shares of Common Stock representing
any or all of the Conversion Shares and the Warrant Shares.

                  (xxx) "State of Incorporation" means Delaware.

                  (xxxi) "Trading Day" means any day during which the Principal
Trading Market shall be open for business.

                  (xxxii) "Transaction Agreements" means the Securities Purchase
Agreement, the Debentures, the Joint Escrow Instructions, the Security
Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, and the Warrants and includes all
ancillary documents referred to in those agreements.

                  (xxxiii) "Variable Conversion Rate" shall have the meaning
ascribed to it in the Debenture. (xxxiv) "Warrant Shares" means the shares of
Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.

                  c.       FORM OF PAYMENT; DELIVERY OF CERTIFICATES.

                  (i) The Lender shall pay the Lender's applicable Purchase
Price by delivering immediately available good funds in United States Dollars to
the Escrow Agent no later than the date prior to the Closing Date.

                                       4
<PAGE>

                  (ii) No later than the Closing Date, but in any event promptly
following payment by the Lender to the Escrow Agent of the Purchase Price, the
Company shall deliver the Certificates, each duly executed on behalf of the
Company and issued in the name of the Lender, to the Escrow Agent.

                  (iii) By signing this Agreement, the Lender and the Company,
subject to acceptance by the Escrow Agent, agrees to all of the terms and
conditions of, and becomes a party to, the Joint Escrow Instructions, all of the
provisions of which are incorporated herein by this reference as if set forth in
full.

                  d. METHOD OF PAYMENT. Payment into escrow of the Purchase
Price shall be made by wire transfer of funds to:

                           Bank of New York
                           350 Fifth Avenue
                           New York, New York 10001

                           ABA# 021000018
                           For credit to the account of Krieger & Prager LLP
                           Account No.:   637-2288475
                           Re: AVDI Transaction

                  2. LENDER REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, ETC.; ACCESS TO
INFORMATION; INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION.

                  The Lender represents and warrants to, and covenants and
agrees with, the Company as follows:

                  a. Without limiting the Lender's right to sell the Shares
pursuant to a Registration Statement or otherwise to sell any of the Securities
in compliance with the 1933 Act, the Lender is purchasing the Securities and
will be acquiring the Shares for its own account for investment only and not
with a view towards the public sale or distribution thereof and not with a view
to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof.

                  b. The Lender is (i) an "accredited investor" as that term is
defined in Rule 501 of the General Rules and Regulations under the 1933 Act by
reason of Rule 501(a)(3), (ii) experienced in making investments of the kind
described in this Agreement and the related documents, (iii) able, by reason of
the business and financial experience of its officers (if an entity) and
professional advisors (who are not affiliated with or compensated in any way by
the Company or any of its Affiliates or selling agents), to protect its own
interests in connection with the transactions described in this Agreement, and
the related documents, and (iv) able to afford the loss of the entire Purchase
Price.

                                       5
<PAGE>

                  c. All subsequent offers and sales of the Securities by the
Lender shall be made pursuant to registration of the Shares under the 1933 Act
or pursuant to an exemption from registration.

                  d. The Lender understands that the Securities are being
offered and sold to it in reliance on specific exemptions from the registration
requirements of the 1933 Act and state securities laws and that the Company is
relying upon the truth and accuracy of, and the Lender's compliance with, the
representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and understandings of
the Lender set forth herein in order to determine the availability of such
exemptions and the eligibility of the Lender to acquire the Securities.

                  e. The Lender and its advisors, if any, have been furnished
with or have been given access to all materials relating to the business,
finances and operations of the Company and materials relating to the offer and
sale of the Securities and the offer of the Shares which have been requested by
the Lender, including those set forth on ANNEX V hereto. The Lender and its
advisors, if any, have been afforded the opportunity to ask questions of the
Company and have received complete and satisfactory answers to any such
inquiries. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Lender has also
had the opportunity to obtain and to review the Company's filings on EDGAR
listed on ANNEX VII hereto (the documents listed on such Annex VII, to the
extent available on EDGAR or otherwise provided to the Lender as indicated on
said Annex VII, collectively, the "Company's SEC Documents").

                  f. The Lender understands that its investment in the
Securities involves a high degree of risk. In addition, the Lender understands
that the Debenture is not convertible into, and the Warrants are not exercisable
for, shares of Common Stock unless and until the shareholders of the company
holding a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock on the relevant
record date approve the Certificate of Incorporation Amendment and that such
shareholders have no obligation to effect such approval.

                  g. The Lender hereby represents that, in connection with its
purchase of the Securities, it has not relied on any statement or representation
by the Company or any of their respective officers, directors and employees or
any of their respective attorneys or agents, except as specifically set forth
herein.

                  h. The Lender understands that no United States federal or
state agency or any other government or governmental agency has passed on or
made any recommendation or endorsement of the Securities.

                  i. This Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to
which the Lender is a party, and the transactions contemplated thereby, have
been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered on behalf of the Lender
and are valid and binding agreements of the Lender enforceable in accordance
with their respective terms, subject as to enforceability to general principles
of equity and to bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium and other similar laws
affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally.

                                       6
<PAGE>

                  j. The Lender has taken no action which would give rise to any
claim by any Person for brokerage commission, finder's fees or similar payments
by the Company relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated
hereby. The Company shall have no obligation with respect to such fees or with
respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type
contemplated in this paragraph that may be due in connection with the
transactions contemplated hereby. The Lender shall indemnify and hold harmless
each of the Company, its employees, officers, directors, agents, and partners,
and their respective Affiliates, from and against all claims, losses, damages,
costs (including the costs of preparation and attorney's fees) and expenses
suffered in respect of any such claimed or existing fees, as and when incurred.

                  3. COMPANY REPRESENTATIONS, ETC. The Company represents and
warrants to the Lender as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date that,
except as otherwise provided in the Disclosure Letter hereto or in the Company's
SEC Documents:

                  a. RIGHTS OF OTHERS AFFECTING THE TRANSACTIONS. There are no
preemptive rights of any shareholder of the Company, as such, to acquire the
Debentures, the Warrants or the Shares. No party other than the Lender has a
currently exercisable right of first refusal which would be applicable to any or
all of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Agreements.

                  b. STATUS. The Company is a corporation duly organized,
validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of
Incorporation and has the requisite corporate power to own its properties and to
carry on its business as now being conducted. The Company is duly qualified as a
foreign corporation to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction
where the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such
qualification necessary, other than those jurisdictions in which the failure to
so qualify would not have or result in a Material Adverse Effect. The Company
has registered its stock and is obligated to file reports pursuant to Section 12
or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "1934
Act"). The Common Stock is quoted on the Principal Trading Market. The Company
has received no notice, either oral or written, with respect to the continued
eligibility of the Common Stock for such quotation on the Principal Trading
Market, and the Company has maintained all requirements on its part for the
continuation of such quotation.

                  c. AUTHORIZED SHARES. The authorized capital stock of the
Company consists of (i) 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.0001 par value
per share, of which approximately 82,328,223 shares are outstanding as of March
1, 2005, and (ii) 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock. All issued and
outstanding shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and validly issued
and are fully paid. After the Certificate of Incorporation Amendment Filing Date
the Company will have sufficient authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock
as may be necessary to effect the issuance of the Shares on such date. Except as
set forth on Schedule 3 (c), there were no options, warrants, or rights to
subscribe to, securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exchangeable
for or giving any right to subscribe for any shares of capital stock of the
Company. All of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company have been
duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and nonassessable. On

                                       7
<PAGE>

the Certificate of Incorporation Amendment Filing Date the Shares will be duly
authorized and, when issued upon conversion of, or as interest on, the
Debentures or upon exercise of the Warrants, each in accordance with its
respective terms, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable
and, except to the extent, if any, provided by the law of the State of
Incorporation, will not subject the Holder thereof to personal liability by
reason of being such Holder.

                  d. TRANSACTION AGREEMENTS AND STOCK. This Agreement and each
of the other Transaction Agreements, and the transactions contemplated thereby,
have been duly and validly authorized by the Company, this Agreement has been
duly executed and delivered by the Company and this Agreement is, and the
Debentures, the Warrants and each of the other Transaction Agreements, when
executed and delivered by the Company, will be, valid and binding agreements of
the Company enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, subject as to
enforceability to general principles of equity and to bankruptcy, insolvency,
moratorium, and other similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors'
rights generally.

                  e. NON-CONTRAVENTION. The execution and delivery of this
Agreement and each of the other Transaction Agreements by the Company, the
issuance of the Debentures and the Warrants, and the consummation by the Company
of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Debentures, the
Warrants and the other Transaction Agreements do not and will not conflict with
or result in a breach by the Company of any of the terms or provisions of, or
constitute a default under (i) the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of
the Company, each as currently in effect, (ii) any indenture, mortgage, deed of
trust, or other material agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party
or by which it or any of its properties or assets are bound, including any
listing agreement for the Common Stock except as herein set forth, or (iii) to
its knowledge, any existing applicable law, rule, or regulation or any
applicable decree, judgment, or order of any court, United States federal or
state regulatory body, administrative agency, or other governmental body having
jurisdiction over the Company or any of its properties or assets, except such
conflict, breach or default which would not have or result in a Material Adverse
Effect.

                  f. APPROVALS. No authorization, approval or consent of any
court, governmental body, regulatory agency, self-regulatory organization, or
stock exchange or market or the shareholders of the Company is required to be
obtained by the Company for the issuance and sale of the Securities to the
Lender as contemplated by this Agreement, except for approval by the
shareholders of the Company holding a majority of the outstanding shares of
Common Stock on the relevant record date of the Certificate of Incorporation
Amendment and such authorizations, approvals and consents that have been
obtained.

                  g. FILINGS. None of the Company's SEC Documents contained, at
the time they were filed, any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to
state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements made therein in light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading

                                       8
<PAGE>

                  h. ABSENCE OF CERTAIN CHANGES. Since the Last Audited Date,
there has been no material adverse change and no Material Adverse Effect, except
as disclosed in the Company's SEC Documents. Since the Last Audited Date, except
as provided in the Company's SEC Documents, the Company has not (i) incurred or
become subject to any material liabilities (absolute or contingent) except
liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practices; (ii) discharged or satisfied any material lien or encumbrance or paid
any material obligation or liability (absolute or contingent), other than
current liabilities paid in the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practices; (iii) declared or made any payment or distribution of cash or other
property to shareholders with respect to its capital stock, or purchased or
redeemed, or made any agreements to purchase or redeem, any shares of its
capital stock; (iv) sold, assigned or transferred any other tangible assets, or
canceled any material debts owed to the Company by any third party or material
claims of the Company against a third party, except in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practices; (v) suffered any substantial losses or
waived any rights of material value, whether or not in the ordinary course of
business, or suffered the loss of any material amount of existing business; (vi)
made any increases in employee compensation, except in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practices; or (vii) experienced any material
problems with labor or management in connection with the terms and conditions of
their employment.

                  i. FULL DISCLOSURE. There is no fact known to the Company
(other than general economic conditions and other facts known to the public
generally or as disclosed in the Company's SEC Documents) that has not been
disclosed in writing to the Lender that would reasonably be expected to have or
result in a Material Adverse Effect.

                  j. ABSENCE OF LITIGATION. Except as disclosed in the Company's
SEC Documents, there is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation
before or by any court, public board or body pending or, to the knowledge of the
Company, threatened against or affecting the Company before or by any
governmental authority or nongovernmental department, commission, board, bureau,
agency or instrumentality or any other person, wherein an unfavorable decision,
ruling or finding would have a Material Adverse Effect or which would adversely
affect the validity or enforceability of, or the authority or ability of the
Company to perform its obligations under, any of the Transaction Agreements. The
Company is not aware of any valid basis for any such claim that (either
individually or in the aggregate with all other such events and circumstances)
could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as
disclosed in the Company's SEC Documents, there are no outstanding or
unsatisfied judgments, orders, decrees, writs, injunctions or stipulations to
which the Company is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound,
that involve the transaction contemplated herein or that, alone or in the
aggregate, could reasonably be expect to have a Material Adverse Effect.

                  k. ABSENCE OF EVENTS OF DEFAULT. Except as disclosed in the
Company's SEC Documents, no Event of Default (or its equivalent term), as
defined in the respective agreement to which the Company is a party, and no
event which, with the giving of notice or the passage of time or both, would
become an Event of Default (or its equivalent term) (as so defined in such
agreement), has occurred and is continuing, which would have a Material Adverse
Effect.

                                       9
<PAGE>

                  i. ABSENCE OF CERTAIN COMPANY CONTROL PERSON ACTIONS OR
EVENTS. To the knowledge of the Company, none of the following has occurred
during the past five (5) years with respect to a Company Control Person:

                  (1) A petition under the federal bankruptcy laws or any state
         insolvency law was filed by or against, or a receiver, fiscal agent or
         similar officer was appointed by a court for the business or property
         of such Company Control Person, or any partnership in which he was a
         general partner at or within two years before the time of such filing,
         or any corporation or business association of which he was an executive
         officer at or within two years before the time of such filing;

                  (2) Such Company Control Person was convicted in a criminal
         proceeding or is a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding
         (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);

                  (3) Such Company Control Person was the subject of any order,
         judgment or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of
         any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily
         enjoining him from, or otherwise limiting, the following activities:

                           (i)      acting, as an investment advisor,
                                    underwriter, broker or dealer in securities,
                                    or as an affiliated person, director or
                                    employee of any investment company, bank,
                                    savings and loan association or insurance
                                    company, as a futures commission merchant,
                                    introducing broker, commodity trading
                                    advisor, commodity pool operator, floor
                                    broker, any other Person regulated by the
                                    Commodity Futures Trading Commission
                                    ("CFTC") or engaging in or continuing any
                                    conduct or practice in connection with such
                                    activity;

                           (ii)     engaging in any type of business practice;
                                    or

                           (iii)    engaging in any activity in connection with
                                    the purchase or sale of any security or
                                    commodity or in connection with any
                                    violation of federal or state securities
                                    laws or federal commodities laws;

                  (4) Such Company Control Person was the subject of any order,
         judgment or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of
         any federal or state authority barring, suspending or otherwise
         limiting for more than 60 days the right of such Company Control Person
         to engage in any activity described in paragraph (3) of this item, or
         to be associated with Persons engaged in any such activity; or

                                       10
<PAGE>

                  (5) Such Company Control Person was found by a court of
         competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the CFTC or SEC to have
         violated any federal or state securities law, and the judgment in such
         civil action or finding by the CFTC or SEC has not been subsequently
         reversed, suspended, or vacated.

                  m. PRIOR ISSUES. [Intentionally Omitted]

                  n. NO UNDISCLOSED LIABILITIES OR EVENTS. To the knowledge of
the Company, the Company has no liabilities or obligations other than those
disclosed in the Transaction Agreements or the Company's SEC Documents or those
incurred in the ordinary course of the Company's business since the Last Audited
Date, or which individually or in the aggregate, do not or would not have a
Material Adverse Effect. No event or circumstances has occurred or exists with
respect to the Company or its properties, business, operations, condition
(financial or otherwise), or results of operations, which, under applicable law,
rule or regulation, requires public disclosure or announcement prior to the date
hereof by the Company but which has not been so publicly announced or disclosed.
Except as disclosed in the Company's SEC Documents, there are no proposals
currently under consideration or currently anticipated to be under consideration
by the Board of Directors or the executive officers of the Company which
proposal would (X) change the certificate of incorporation or other charter
document or by-laws of the Company, each as currently in effect, with or without
shareholder approval, which change would reduce or otherwise adversely affect
the rights and powers of the shareholders of the Common Stock or (Y) materially
or substantially change the business, assets or capital of the Company,
including its interests in subsidiaries.

                  o. NO INTEGRATED OFFERING. Neither the Company nor any of its
Affiliates nor any person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or
indirectly, at any time within the past six months made any offer or sales of
any security or solicited any offers to buy any security under circumstances
that would eliminate the availability of the exemption from registration under
Regulation D in connection with the offer and sale of the Securities as
contemplated hereby.

                  p. DILUTION. The number of Shares issuable upon conversion of
the Debentures may have a dilutive effect on the ownership interests of the
other shareholders (and Persons having the right to become shareholders) of the
Company. The Company's executive officers and directors have studied and fully
understand the nature of the Securities being sold hereby and recognize that
they have such a potential dilutive effect. The board of directors of the
Company has concluded, in its good faith business judgment that such issuance is
in the best interests of the Company. The Company specifically acknowledges that
its obligation to issue the Shares upon conversion of the Debentures and upon
exercise of the Warrants is binding upon the Company and enforceable regardless
of the dilution such issuance may have on the ownership interests of other
shareholders of the Company, and the Company will honor every Notice of
Conversion (as defined in the Debentures) relating to the conversion of the
Debentures, and every Notice of Exercise (as contemplated by the Warrants),
unless the Company is subject to an injunction (which injunction was not sought
by the Company) prohibiting the Company from doing so.

                                       11
<PAGE>

                  r. TRADING IN SECURITIES. The Company specifically
acknowledges that, except to the extent specifically provided herein or in any
of the other Transaction Agreements (but limited in each instance to the extent
so specified), the Lender retains the right (but are not otherwise obligated) to
buy, sell, engage in hedging transactions or otherwise trade in the securities
of the Company, including, but not necessarily limited to, the Securities, at
any time before, contemporaneous with or after the execution of this Agreement
or from time to time, but only, in each case, in any manner whatsoever permitted
by applicable federal and state securities laws.

                  s. FEES TO BROKERS, FINDERS AND OTHERS. Except for payment of
fees to Persons previously disclosed to the Lender, payment of which is the sole
responsibility of the Company pursuant to the terms of the Escrow Agreement, the
Company has taken no action which would give rise to any claim by any Person for
brokerage commission, finder's fees or similar payments by the Lender relating
to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. The Lender shall have
no obligation with respect to such fees or with respect to any claims made by or
on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this paragraph
that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby. The
Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each of the Lender, its employees,
officers, directors, agents, and partners, and their respective Affiliates, from
and against all claims, losses, damages, costs (including the costs of
preparation and attorney's fees) and expenses suffered in respect of any such
claimed or existing fees, as and when incurred.

                  4.       CERTAIN COVENANTS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

                  a. TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS. The Lender acknowledges that (1) the
Securities have not been and are not being registered under the provisions of
the 1933 Act and, except as provided in the Registration Rights Agreement or
otherwise included in an effective registration statement, the Shares have not
been and are not being registered under the 1933 Act, and may not be transferred
unless (A) subsequently registered thereunder or (B) the Lender shall have
delivered to the Company an opinion of counsel, reasonably satisfactory in form,
scope and substance to the Company, to the effect that the Securities to be sold
or transferred may be sold or transferred pursuant to an exemption from such
registration; (2) any sale of the Securities made in reliance on Rule 144
promulgated under the 1933 Act may be made only in accordance with the terms of
said Rule and further, if said Rule is not applicable, any resale of such
Securities under circumstances in which the seller, or the Person through whom
the sale is made, may be deemed to be an underwriter, as that term is used in
the 1933 Act, may require compliance with some other exemption under the 1933
Act or the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder; and (3) neither the
Company nor any other Person is under any obligation to register the Securities
(other than pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement) under the 1933 Act or
to comply with the terms and conditions of any exemption thereunder.

                  b. RESTRICTIVE LEGEND. The Lender acknowledges and agrees
that, until such time as the Common Stock has been registered under the 1933 Act
and sold in accordance with an effective Registration Statement or otherwise in
accordance with another effective registration statement, the certificates and

                                       12
<PAGE>

other instruments representing any of the Securities (including the Shares)
shall bear a restrictive legend in substantially the following form (and a
stop-transfer order may be placed against transfer of any such Securities):

     THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933,
     AS AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE AND MAY NOT BE SOLD OR
     OFFERED FOR SALE IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR
     THE SECURITIES OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL OR OTHER EVIDENCE ACCEPTABLE TO THE
     COMPANY THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED.

                  c. FILINGS. The Company undertakes and agrees to make all
necessary filings required to be made by the Company in connection with the sale
of the Debentures and Warrants to the Lender under any United States laws and
regulations applicable to the Company, or by any domestic securities exchange or
trading market, and to provide a copy thereof to the Lender promptly after such
filing.

                  d. REPORTING STATUS. So long as the Lender beneficially owns
any of the Securities, the Company shall file all reports required to be filed
with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the 1934 Act in a time frame
that permits it to maintain the continued quotation and trading of its Common
Stock (including, without limitation, all Registrable Securities) on the
Principal Trading Market or a listing on the NASDAQ/Small Cap or National
Markets and, to the extent applicable to it, shall take all reasonable action
under its control to ensure that adequate current public information with
respect to the Company, as required in accordance with Rule 144(c)(2) of the
1933 Act, is publicly available, and shall not terminate its status as an issuer
required to file reports under the 1934 Act even if the 1934 Act or the rules
and regulations thereunder would permit such termination. The Company will take
all reasonable action under its control to maintain the continued quotation and
trading of its Common Stock (including, without limitation, all Registrable
Securities) on the Principal Trading Market or a listing on the NASDAQ/Small Cap
or National Markets and, to the extent applicable to it, will comply in all
material respects with the Company's reporting, filing and other obligations
under the by-laws or rules of the Principal Trading Market and/or the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., as the case may be, at least through
the date which is thirty (30) days after the later of the date on which all of
the Debentures have been converted or all of the Warrants have been exercised or
have expired.

                  e. USE OF PROCEEDS. The Company will use the proceeds received
hereunder (excluding amounts paid by the Company for legal fees, finder's fees
and escrow fees in connection with the sale of the Securities) for general
corporate purposes.

                  f. WARRANTS. The Company agrees to issue to the Lender on the
Closing Date transferable divisible warrants (the "Warrants") for the purchase
of 2,142,857 Shares at an exercise price of $.10. The Warrants will expire on
the second annual anniversary of the Effective Date. The Warrant shall be in the
form annexed hereto as ANNEX VI.

                                       13
<PAGE>

                  g. AVAILABLE SHARES. After the Certificate of Incorporation
Amendment Filing Date the Company shall have at all times authorized and
reserved for issuance, free from preemptive rights, a number of shares at least
equal to the sum of (x) one hundred and fifty percent (150%) of the number of
shares of Common Stock issuable as may be required to satisfy the conversion
rights of the Holders of all outstanding Convertible Debentures (including
interest thereon), plus (y) the number of shares issuable upon exercise of all
outstanding Warrants held by all Holders (in each case, whether such Convertible
Debentures or Warrants were originally issued to the Holder, the Lender or to
any other Holder). For the purposes of such calculations, the Company should
assume that all such Debentures were then convertible and all Warrants were then
exercisable without regard to any restrictions which might limit the Lender's
right to convert any of the Convertible Debentures or exercise any of the
Warrants held by any Holder.

                  h. PUBLICITY, FILINGS, RELEASES, ETC. Each of the parties
agrees that it will not disseminate any information relating to the Transaction
Agreements or the transactions contemplated thereby, including issuing any press
releases, holding any press conferences or other forums, or filing any reports
(collectively, "Publicity"), without giving the other party reasonable advance
notice and an opportunity to comment on the contents thereof. Neither party will
include in any such Publicity any statement or statements or other material to
which the other party reasonably objects, unless the inclusion of such statement
is required, in the opinion of legal counsel for such party, in order for such
party to comply with its disclosure obligations under applicable law. In
furtherance of the foregoing, the Company will provide to the Lender drafts of
the applicable text of any filing intended to be made with the SEC which refers
to the Transaction Agreements or the transactions contemplated thereby as soon
as practicable (but at least two (2) business days before such filing will be
made and will not include in such filing any statement or statements or other
material to which the other party reasonably objects , unless the inclusion of
such statement is required, in the opinion of legal counsel for such party, in
order for such party to comply with its disclosure obligations under applicable
law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each of the parties hereby consents to the
inclusion of the text of the Transaction Agreements in filings made with the SEC
(but any descriptive text accompanying or part of such filing shall be subject
to the other provisions of this paragraph). Notwithstanding, but subject to, the
foregoing, the Company intends to file within four business days following the
Closing Date a Current Report on Form 8-K referring to the transactions
contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

                  i. HEDGING TRANSACTIONS. The Lender agrees that as long as it
or any of its Affiliates holds any Securities it shall not, and the Lender shall
cause it Affiliates not to, hold any short sale position or any hedging position
with respect to any Company Securities in excess of $25,000; provided that,
notwithstanding the foregoing, the Lender or such Affiliates may enter into any
such short position or hedging position (i) prior to the Effective Date, at any
time during any period that that the bid price for the Common Stock as reported
by the Reporting Service is equal to or greater than $0.25 (and the Lender or
such Affiliate shall be entitled to hold such short position or hedging position
entered into pursuant to this clause (i) even if the bid price for the Common
Stock declines to less than $0.25) and (ii) in connection with a conversion
under the Debenture or an exercise of the Warrants. The Lender agrees that it

                                       14
<PAGE>

shall not transfer any Securities unless the transferee thereof explicitly
agrees in writing to be bound by the terms hereof, except in connection with
transfers of Shares that are not Registrable Securities. The Company agrees that
unless and until (i) the Company has affirmatively demonstrated by the use of
specific clear and convincing evidence that the Lender has traded in securities
of the Company in violation of applicable federal securities laws and (ii) there
has been issued against the Lender a final non-appealable decision from a court
of competent jurisdiction to the effect that the Lender has violated applicable
federal securities laws with respect to its trading of the Company's securities,
the Lender shall be assumed to be in compliance with such laws and the Company
shall remain obligated to fulfill all of its obligations under each of the
Transaction Agreements; provided, further, that the Company shall under no
circumstances be entitled to request or demand that the Lender affirmatively
demonstrate that it has not engaged in any such violations as a condition to the
Company's fulfillment of its obligations under any of the Transaction Agreements
and shall not assert, whether as an affirmative claim or a defense to any claim
made against the Company, that the Lender's failure to demonstrate such absence
of such violations (including, but not limited to, its failure to provide any
trading or other records, it being specifically agreed that the Company,
directly or indirectly, will request the Lender or any of its agents, advisors,
brokers or representatives to provide such records in any forum) serves either
as a defense to any breach of the Company's obligations under any of the
Transaction Agreements or otherwise reflects adversely in any manner on the
legality of any action taken by the Lender.

                  j.      CERTAIN AGREEMENTS.

                  (i) (A) The term "Lower Price Transaction" means a New
Transaction consummated during the period (the "New Transaction Period") from
the Closing Date and continuing through and including the Final Lock-up Date (as
defined below), where (x) either the lowest fixed purchase price of any shares
of Common Stock contemplated in the New Transaction or the lowest fixed
conversion price of any securities of the Company convertible or exchangeable
into Common Stock which would be applicable under the terms of the New
Transaction is, or by its terms is, below the Fixed Conversion Price or (y) if
such purchase price or conversion price is determined by multiplying a market
price of the Common Stock by a percentage, such percentage is below the Variable
Conversion Rate (the "Lower Percentage").

                  (B) The term "Final Lock-up Date" means the date which is the
         number of days after the Effective Date equal to the sum of (X) ninety
         (90) days, plus (Y) the number of days, if any, during which sale of
         Registrable Securities was suspended after the Effective Date.

                  (ii) The Company covenants and agrees that, if there is a
Lower Price Transaction during the New Transaction Period, then;

                                       15
<PAGE>

                  (A) if such transaction is of the type contemplated by Section
         4(j)(i)(A)(x), then the Fixed Conversion Price on any principal amount
         of the Debentures which has not been converted as of the relevant date
         shall be adjusted to an amount (the "Adjusted Conversion Price") equal
         to the lower of (1) the lowest fixed purchase price of any shares of
         the Common Stock contemplated in the Lower Price Transaction or (2) the
         lowest fixed conversion price of any securities of the Company
         convertible or exchangeable into Common Stock which would be applicable
         under the terms of the Lower Price Transaction;

                  (B) if such transaction is of the type contemplated by Section
         4(j)(ii)(A)(y), then the Variable Conversion Rate on any principal
         amount of the Debentures which has not been converted as of the
         relevant date shall be adjusted to an amount equal to the Lower
         Percentage; and

                  (C) the exercise price on all unexercised Warrants (unless the
         Adjusted Exercise Price (as defined in the Warrants) is then in effect)
         shall be adjusted to equal the lowest of (1) the then existing
         applicable exercise price of such Warrant, and (2) 143% of the Adjusted
         Conversion Price.

                  (iii) For purposes of this Section 4(j), the conversion price
for which each share of Common Stock shall be deemed to be issued upon issuance
or sale of any securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable into Common
Stock shall be determined by dividing (x) the total consideration, if any,
received by the Company as consideration for such securities plus the minimum
aggregate of additional consideration, if any, ever payable to the Company upon
the conversion, exercise or exchange of such securities by (y) the maximum
number of shares of Common Stock ever issuable (except pursuant to anti-dilution
provisions associated with such securities on account of events that are unknown
on such date) upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such securities

                  5.       TRANSFER AGENT INSTRUCTIONS.

                  (a) The Company warrants that, with respect to the Securities,
other than the stop transfer instructions to give effect to Section 4(a) hereof,
it will give its transfer agent no instructions inconsistent with instructions
to issue Common Stock from time to time upon conversion of the Debentures in
such amounts as specified from time to time by the Company to the transfer
agent, bearing the restrictive legend specified in Section 4(b) of this
Agreement prior to registration of the Shares under the 1933 Act, registered in
the name of the Lender or its nominee and in such denominations to be specified
by the Lender in connection with each conversion of the Debentures. Except as so
provided, the Shares shall otherwise be freely transferable on the books and
records of the Company as and to the extent provided in this Agreement and the
Registration Rights Agreement. Nothing in this Section shall affect in any way
the Lender's obligations and agreement to comply with all applicable securities
laws upon resale of the Securities. If the Lender provides the Company with an
opinion of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Company that registration of a
resale by the Lender of any of the Securities in accordance with clause (1)(B)
of Section 4(a) of this Agreement is not required under the 1933 Act, the
Company shall (except as provided in clause (2) of Section 4(a) of this
Agreement) permit the transfer of the Securities and, in the case of the
Conversion Shares, promptly instruct the Company's transfer agent to issue one
or more certificates for Common Stock without legend in such name and in such
denominations as specified by the Lender.

                                       16
<PAGE>

                  (b) Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the Company
will permit the Lender to exercise its right to convert the Debentures in the
manner contemplated by the Debentures and to exercise the Warrants in the manner
contemplated by the Warrants.

                  c. (i) The Company understands that a delay in the issuance of
the Shares beyond the Delivery Date (as defined in the Debenture) could result
in economic loss to the Lender. As compensation to the Lender for such loss, the
Company agrees, commencing thirty (30) days after the Certificate of
Incorporation Amendment Filing Date, to pay late payments to the Lender for late
issuance of Shares upon conversion in accordance with the following schedule
(where "No. Business Days Late" refers to the number of Trading Days which is
beyond four (4) Trading Days after the Delivery Date): (9)(91)

             NO. BUSINESS DAYS LATE         LATE PAYMENT FOR EACH $10,000
             ----------------------         -----------------------------
                                        OF PRINCIPAL OR INTEREST BEING CONVERTED
                                        ----------------------------------------

                     1                                  $100
                     2                                  $200
                     3                                  $300
                     4                                  $400
                     5                                  $500
                     6                                  $600
                     7                                  $700
                     8                                  $800
                     9                                  $900
                     10                                 $1,000
                     >10                                $1,000 + $200 for each
                                                        Business Day Late beyond
                                                        10 days

------------------
1 Example: Notice of Conversion is delivered on Monday, March 6, 2006. The
Delivery Date would be Thursday March 9 (the third Trading Day after such
delivery). If the certificate is delivered by Wednesday, March 15 (4 Trading
Days after the Delivery Date), no payment under this provision is due. If the
certificates are delivered on March 16, that is 1 "Business Day Late" in the
table below; if delivered on March 21, that is 4 "Business Days Late" in the
table.

                                       17
<PAGE>

The Company shall pay any payments incurred under this Section in immediately
available funds upon demand as the Lender's exclusive remedy (other than the
following provisions of this Section 5(c), the provisions of the immediately
following Section 5(d) of this Agreement and Section 12(c) of the Debenture) for
such delay. Furthermore, in addition to any other remedies which may be
available to the Lender, in the event that the Company fails for any reason to
effect delivery of such shares of Common Stock by close of business on the
Delivery Date, the Lender will be entitled to revoke the relevant Notice of
Conversion by delivering a notice to such effect to the Company, whereupon the
Company and the Lender shall each be restored to their respective positions
immediately prior to delivery of such Notice of Conversion; provided, however,
that an amount equal to any payments contemplated by this Section 5(c) which
have accrued through the date of such revocation notice shall remain due and
owing to the Converting Holder (as defined below) notwithstanding such
revocation. Anything in the foregoing provisions of this paragraph (c) to the
contrary notwithstanding, the total amount payable by the Company under this
paragraph (c) shall be reduced by an amount equal to fifty percent (50%) of any
Buy-In Adjustment Amount (as defined below) actually paid by the Company to the
Holder (but not by more than the total amount due without regard to the
provisions of this sentence).

                  (d) If, by the relevant Delivery Date, commencing thirty (30)
days after the Certificate of Incorporation Amendment Filing Date, the Company
fails for any reason to deliver the Shares to be issued upon conversion of a
Debenture and after such Delivery Date, the Holder of the Debentures being
converted (a "Converting Holder") purchases, in an arm's-length open market
transaction or otherwise, shares of Common Stock (the "Covering Shares") in
order to make delivery in satisfaction of a sale of Common Stock by the
Converting Holder (the "Sold Shares"), which delivery such Converting Holder
anticipated to make using the Shares to be issued upon such conversion (a
"Buy-In"), the Converting Holder shall have the right, to require the Company to
pay to the Converting Holder, in addition to and not in lieu of the amounts due
under Section 5(c) hereof (but in addition to all other amounts contemplated in
other provisions of the Transaction Agreements, and not in lieu of any such
other amounts), the Buy-In Adjustment Amount (as defined below). The "Buy-In
Adjustment Amount" is the amount equal to the excess, if any, of (x) the
Converting Holder's total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if
any) for the Covering Shares over (y) the net proceeds (after brokerage
commissions, if any) received by the Converting Holder from the sale of the Sold
Shares. The Company shall pay the Buy-In Adjustment Amount to the Company in
immediately available funds immediately upon demand by the Converting Holder. By
way of illustration and not in limitation of the foregoing, if the Converting
Holder purchases shares of Common Stock having a total purchase price (including
brokerage commissions) of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to shares of
Common Stock it sold for net proceeds of $10,000, the Buy-In Adjustment Amount
which Company will be required to pay to the Converting Holder will be $1,000.

                  (e) In lieu of delivering physical certificates representing
the Common Stock issuable upon conversion, provided the Company's transfer agent
is participating in the Depository Trust Company ("DTC") Fast Automated
Securities Transfer program, upon request of the Holder and its compliance with

                                       18
<PAGE>

the provisions contained in this paragraph, so long as the certificates therefor
do not bear a legend and the Holder thereof is not obligated to return such
certificate for the placement of a legend thereon, the Company shall use its
best efforts to cause its transfer agent to electronically transmit the Common
Stock issuable upon conversion to the Holder by crediting the account of
Holder's Prime Broker with DTC through its Deposit Withdrawal Agent Commission
system.

                  (f) The holder of any Debentures shall be entitled to exercise
its conversion privilege with respect to the Debentures notwithstanding the
commencement of any case under 11 U.S.C. ss.101 ET SEQ. (the "Bankruptcy Code").
In the event the Company is a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code, the Company
hereby waives, to the fullest extent permitted, any rights to relief it may have
under 11 U.S.C. ss.362 in respect of such holder's conversion privilege. The
Company hereby waives, to the fullest extent permitted, any rights to relief it
may have under 11 U.S.C. ss.362 in respect of the conversion of the Debentures.
The Company agrees, without cost or expense to such holder, to take or to
consent to any and all action necessary to effectuate relief under 11 U.S.C.
ss.362.

                  (g) The Company will authorize its transfer agent to give
information relating to the Company directly to the Lender or the Lender's
representatives upon the request of the Lender or any such representative, to
the extent such information relates to (i) the status of shares of Common Stock
issued or claimed to be issued to the Lender in connection with a Notice of
Conversion or exercise of a Warrant, or (ii) the number of outstanding shares of
Common Stock of all shareholders as of a current or other specified date. On the
Closing Date, the Company will provide the Lender with a copy of the
authorization so given to the transfer agent.

                  6.       CLOSING DATE.

                  a. The closing date (the "Closing Date") shall occur on the
date which is the first Trading Day after each of the conditions contemplated by
Sections 7 and 8 hereof shall have either been satisfied or been waived by the
party in whose favor such conditions run.

                  Each closing of the purchase and issuance of Debentures and
Warrants shall occur on the relevant Closing Date at the offices of the Escrow
Agent and shall take place no later than 3:00 P.M., New York time, on such day
or such other time as is mutually agreed upon by the Company and the Lender.

                  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the
Escrow Agent will be authorized to release the relevant Escrow Funds to the
Company and to release the other relevant Escrow Property on the relevant
Closing Date upon satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Sections 7 and 8
hereof and as provided in the Joint Escrow Instructions.

                  7.       CONDITIONS TO THE COMPANY'S OBLIGATION TO SELL.

                  The Lender understands that the Company's obligation to sell
the Debentures and the Warrants to the Lender pursuant to this Agreement on the
relevant Closing Date is conditioned upon:

                                       19
<PAGE>

                  The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the
Registration Rights Agreement by the
Lender;

                  Delivery by the Lender to the Escrow Agent of good funds as
payment in full of an amount equal to the Purchase Price for the Securities in
accordance with this Agreement;

                  The accuracy on such Closing Date of the representations and
warranties of the Lender contained in this Agreement, each as if made on such
date, and the performance by the Lender on or before such date of all covenants
and agreements of the Lender required to be performed on or before such date;
and

                  There shall not be in effect any law, rule or regulation
prohibiting or restricting the transactions contemplated hereby, or requiring
any consent or approval which shall not have been obtained.

                  8.       CONDITIONS TO THE LENDER'S OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE.

                  The Company understands that the Lender's obligation to
purchase the Debentures and the Warrants on the relevant Closing Date is
conditioned upon:

                  The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other
Transaction Agreements by the
Company;

                  Delivery by the Company to the Escrow Agent of the
Certificates in accordance with this Agreement;

                  On the Closing Date, the Lender shall have received a
Secretary's Certificate and Officer's Certificate from the Company, dated the
Closing Date in form, scope and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Lender,
substantially to the effect set forth in ANNEX III attached hereto;

                  The accuracy in all material respects on such Closing Date of
the representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement,
each as if made on such date, and the performance by the Company on or before
such date of all covenants and agreements of the Company required to be
performed on or before such date;

                  There shall not be in effect any law, rule or regulation
prohibiting or restricting the transactions contemplated hereby, or requiring
any consent or approval which shall not have been obtained; and

                  From and after the date hereof to and including such Closing
Date, each of the following conditions will remain in effect: (i) the trading of
the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the SEC or on the Principal
Trading Market; (ii) trading in securities generally on the Principal Trading
Market shall not have been suspended or limited; (iii), no minimum prices shall

                                       20
<PAGE>

been established for securities traded on the Principal Trading Market; and (iv)
there shall not have been any material adverse change in any financial market
that, in the reasonable judgment of the Lender, makes it impracticable or
inadvisable to purchase the Debentures.

                  9.       INDEMNIFICATION.

                  a. (i) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the
Lender and its officers, directors, employees, and agents, and each Lender
Control Person from and against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or
expenses incurred (collectively, "Damages"), joint or several, and any action in
respect thereof to which the Lender, its partners, Affiliates, officers,
directors, employees, and duly authorized agents, and any such Lender Control
Person becomes subject to, resulting from, arising out of or relating to any
misrepresentation, breach of warranty or nonfulfillment of or failure to perform
any covenant or agreement on the part of Company contained in this Agreement, as
such Damages are incurred, except to the extent such Damages result primarily
from the Lender's failure to perform any covenant or agreement contained in this
Agreement or the Lender's or its officers, directors, employees, agents or
Lender Control Persons negligence, recklessness or bad faith in performing its
obligations under this Agreement.

                  (ii) If (x) the Lender becomes involved in any capacity in any
action, proceeding or investigation brought by any stockholder of the Company,
in connection with or as a result of the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement or the other Transaction Agreements (other than
the Registration Rights Agreement), or if the Lender is impleaded in any such
action, proceeding or investigation by any Person, or (y) the Lender becomes
involved in any capacity in any action, proceeding or investigation brought by
the SEC, any self-regulatory organization or other body having jurisdiction,
against or involving the Company or in connection with or as a result of the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the other
Transaction Agreements (other than the Registration Rights Agreement), or if the
Lender is impleaded in any such action, proceeding or investigation by any
Person, then in any such case, other than by reason of the Lender's actions
(other than the Lender's execution of the Transaction Agreements to which it is
a signatory, the payment of the Purchase Price, and/or the exercise of any of
the Lender's rights under any one or more of the Transaction Agreements), the
Company hereby agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Lender from and
against and in respect of all Damages resulting from, imposed upon or incurred
by the Lender, directly or indirectly, and reimburse the Lender for its
reasonable legal and other expenses (including the cost of any investigation and
preparation) for a single firm of counsel incurred in connection therewith, as
such expenses are incurred. The indemnification and reimbursement obligations of
the Company under this paragraph shall be in addition to any liability which the
Company may otherwise have, shall extend upon the same terms and conditions to
any Affiliates of the Lender who are actually named in such action, proceeding
or investigation, and partners, directors, agents, employees and Lender Control
Persons (if any), as the case may be, of the Lender and any such Affiliate, and
shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of any successors, assigns, heirs
and personal representatives of the Company, the Lender, any such Affiliate and

                                       21
<PAGE>

any such Person. The Company also agrees that neither the Lender nor any such
Affiliate, partner, director, agent, employee or Lender Control Person shall
have any liability to the Company or any Person asserting claims on behalf of or
in right of the Company in connection with or as a result of the consummation of
this Agreement or the other Transaction Agreements, other than by reason of the
Lender's actions (other than the Lender's execution of the Transaction
Agreements to which it is a signatory, the payment of the Purchase Price, and/or
the exercise of the Lender's rights under any one or more of the Transaction
Agreements).

                  b. All claims for indemnification by any Indemnified Party (as
defined below) under this Section 9 shall be asserted and resolved as follows:

                  (i) In the event any claim or demand in respect of which any
Person claiming indemnification under any provision of this Section 9 (an
"Indemnified Party") might seek indemnity under Section 9(a) is asserted against
or sought to be collected from such Indemnified Party by a Person other than a
party hereto or an Affiliate thereof (a "Third Party Claim"), the Indemnified
Party shall deliver a written notification, enclosing a copy of all papers
served, if any, and specifying the nature of and basis for such Third Party
Claim and for the Indemnified Party's claim for indemnification that is being
asserted under any provision of this Section 9 against any Person (the
"Indemnifying Party"), together with the amount or, if not then reasonably
ascertainable, the estimated amount, determined in good faith, of such Third
Party Claim (a "Claim Notice") with reasonable promptness to the Indemnifying
Party. If the Indemnified Party fails to provide the Claim Notice with
reasonable promptness after the Indemnified Party receives notice of such Third
Party Claim, the Indemnifying Party shall not be obligated to indemnify the
Indemnified Party with respect to such Third Party Claim to the extent that the
Indemnifying Party's ability to defend has been prejudiced by such failure of
the Indemnified Party. The Indemnifying Party shall notify the Indemnified Party
as soon as practicable within the period ending thirty (30) calendar days
following receipt by the Indemnifying Party of either a Claim Notice or an
Indemnity Notice (as defined below) (the "Dispute Period") whether the
Indemnifying Party disputes its liability or the amount of its liability to the
Indemnified Party under this Section 9 and whether the Indemnifying Party
desires, at its sole cost and expense, to defend the Indemnified Party against
such Third Party Claim. The following provisions shall also apply.

         (x) If the Indemnifying Party notifies the Indemnified Party within the
         Dispute Period that the Indemnifying Party desires to defend the
         Indemnified Party with respect to the Third Party Claim pursuant to
         this Section 9(b), then the Indemnifying Party shall have the right to
         defend, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party,
         at the sole cost and expense of the Indemnifying Party, such Third
         Party Claim by all appropriate proceedings, which proceedings shall be
         vigorously and diligently prosecuted by the Indemnifying Party to a
         final conclusion or will be settled at the discretion of the
         Indemnifying Party (but only with the consent of the Indemnified Party
         in the case of any settlement that provides for any relief other than
         the payment of monetary damages or that provides for the payment of
         monetary damages as to which the Indemnified Party shall not be

                                       22
<PAGE>

         indemnified in full pursuant to Section 9(a)). The Indemnifying Party
         shall have full control of such defense and proceedings, including any
         compromise or settlement thereof; provided, however, that the
         Indemnified Party may, at the sole cost and expense of the Indemnified
         Party, at any time prior to the Indemnifying Party's delivery of the
         notice referred to in the first sentence of this subparagraph (x), file
         any motion, answer or other pleadings or take any other action that the
         Indemnified Party reasonably believes to be necessary or appropriate to
         protect its interests; and provided further, that if requested by the
         Indemnifying Party, the Indemnified Party will, at the sole cost and
         expense of the Indemnifying Party, provide reasonable cooperation to
         the Indemnifying Party in contesting any Third Party Claim that the
         Indemnifying Party elects to contest. The Indemnified Party may
         participate in, but not control, any defense or settlement of any Third
         Party Claim controlled by the Indemnifying Party pursuant to this
         subparagraph (x), and except as provided in the preceding sentence, the
         Indemnified Party shall bear its own costs and expenses with respect to
         such participation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Indemnified
         Party may take over the control of the defense or settlement of a Third
         Party Claim at any time if it irrevocably waives its right to indemnity
         under Section 9(a) with respect to such Third Party Claim.

         (y) If the Indemnifying Party fails to notify the Indemnified Party
         within the Dispute Period that the Indemnifying Party desires to defend
         the Third Party Claim pursuant to Section 9(b), or if the Indemnifying
         Party gives such notice but fails to prosecute vigorously and
         diligently or settle the Third Party Claim, or if the Indemnifying
         Party fails to give any notice whatsoever within the Dispute Period,
         then the Indemnified Party shall have the right to defend, at the sole
         cost and expense of the Indemnifying Party, the Third Party Claim by
         all appropriate proceedings, which proceedings shall be prosecuted by
         the Indemnified Party in a reasonable manner and in good faith or will
         be settled at the discretion of the Indemnified Party (with the consent
         of the Indemnifying Party, which consent will not be unreasonably
         withheld). The Indemnified Party will have full control of such defense
         and proceedings, including any compromise or settlement thereof;
         provided, however, that if requested by the Indemnified Party, the
         Indemnifying Party will, at the sole cost and expense of the
         Indemnifying Party, provide reasonable cooperation to the Indemnified
         Party and its counsel in contesting any Third Party Claim which the
         Indemnified Party is contesting. Notwithstanding the foregoing
         provisions of this subparagraph (y), if the Indemnifying Party has
         notified the Indemnified Party within the Dispute Period that the
         Indemnifying Party disputes its liability or the amount of its
         liability hereunder to the Indemnified Party with respect to such Third
         Party Claim and if such dispute is resolved in favor of the
         Indemnifying Party in the manner provided in subparagraph (z) below,
         the Indemnifying Party will not be required to bear the costs and
         expenses of the Indemnified Party's defense pursuant to this
         subparagraph (y) or of the Indemnifying Party's participation therein
         at the Indemnified Party's request, and the Indemnified Party shall
         reimburse the Indemnifying Party in full for all reasonable costs and
         expenses incurred by the Indemnifying Party in connection with such
         litigation. The Indemnifying Party may participate in, but not control,
         any defense or settlement controlled by the Indemnified Party pursuant
         to this subparagraph (y), and the Indemnifying Party shall bear its own
         costs and expenses with respect to such participation.

                                       23
<PAGE>

         (z) If the Indemnifying Party notifies the Indemnified Party that it
         does not dispute its liability or the amount of its liability to the
         Indemnified Party with respect to the Third Party Claim under Section
         9(a) or fails to notify the Indemnified Party within the Dispute Period
         whether the Indemnifying Party disputes its liability or the amount of
         its liability to the Indemnified Party with respect to such Third Party
         Claim, the amount of Damages specified in the Claim Notice shall be
         conclusively deemed a liability of the Indemnifying Party under Section
         9(a) and the Indemnifying Party shall pay the amount of such Damages to
         the Indemnified Party on demand. If the Indemnifying Party has timely
         disputed its liability or the amount of its liability with respect to
         such claim, the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party shall
         proceed in good faith to negotiate a resolution of such dispute;
         provided, however, that if the dispute is not resolved within thirty
         (30) days after the Claim Notice, the Indemnifying Party shall be
         entitled to institute such legal action as it deems appropriate.

                  (ii) In the event any Indemnified Party should have a claim
under Section 9(a) against the Indemnifying Party that does not involve a Third
Party Claim, the Indemnified Party shall deliver a written notification of a
claim for indemnity under Section 9(a) specifying the nature of and basis for
such claim, together with the amount or, if not then reasonably ascertainable,
the estimated amount, determined in good faith, of such claim (an "Indemnity
Notice") with reasonable promptness to the Indemnifying Party. The failure by
any Indemnified Party to give the Indemnity Notice shall not impair such party's
rights hereunder except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party demonstrates
that it has been irreparably prejudiced thereby. If the Indemnifying Party
notifies the Indemnified Party that it does not dispute the claim or the amount
of the claim described in such Indemnity Notice or fails to notify the
Indemnified Party within the Dispute Period whether the Indemnifying Party
disputes the claim or the amount of the claim described in such Indemnity
Notice, the amount of Damages specified in the Indemnity Notice will be
conclusively deemed a liability of the Indemnifying Party under Section 9(a) and
the Indemnifying Party shall pay the amount of such Damages to the Indemnified
Party on demand. If the Indemnifying Party has timely disputed its liability or
the amount of its liability with respect to such claim, the Indemnifying Party
and the Indemnified Party shall proceed in good faith to negotiate a resolution
of such dispute; provided, however, that if the dispute is not resolved within
thirty (30) days after the Indemnity Notice, the Indemnifying Party shall be
entitled to institute such legal action as it deems appropriate.

                  The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition
to (i) any cause of action or similar rights of the indemnified party against
the indemnifying party or others, and (ii) any liabilities the indemnifying
party may be subject to.

                  10. JURY TRIAL WAIVER. The Company and the Lender hereby waive
a trial by jury in any action, proceeding or counterclaim brought by either of
the Parties hereto against the other in respect of any matter arising out or in
connection with the Transaction Agreements.

                                       24
<PAGE>

                  11.      GOVERNING LAW:  MISCELLANEOUS.

                  This Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in
accordance with the laws of the State of New York for contracts to be wholly
performed in such state and without giving effect to the principles thereof
regarding the conflict of laws. Each of the parties consents to the exclusive
jurisdiction of the federal courts whose districts encompass any part of the
City of New York or the state courts of the State of New York sitting in the
City of New York in connection with any dispute arising under this Agreement or
any of the other Transaction Agreements and hereby waives, to the maximum extent
permitted by law, any objection, including any objection based on FORUM NON
CONVENIENS, to the bringing of any such proceeding in such jurisdictions. To the
extent determined by such court, the Company shall reimburse the Lender for any
reasonable legal fees and disbursements incurred by the Lender in enforcement of
or protection of any of its rights under any of the Transaction Agreements.

                  Failure of any party to exercise any right or remedy under
this Agreement or otherwise, or delay by a party in exercising such right or
remedy, shall not operate as a waiver thereof.

                  This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding
upon the successors and assigns of each of the parties hereto.

                  All pronouns and any variations thereof refer to the
masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural, as the context may require.

                  A facsimile transmission of this signed Agreement shall be
legal and binding on all parties hereto.

                  This Agreement may be signed in one or more counterparts, each
of which shall be deemed an original.

                  The headings of this Agreement are for convenience of
reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this
Agreement.

                  If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or
unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not
affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement or the
validity or enforceability of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction.

                  This Agreement may be amended only by an instrument in writing
signed by the party to be charged with enforcement thereof.

                  This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements and
understandings among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter
hereof.

                                       25
<PAGE>

                  12. NOTICES. Any notice required or permitted hereunder shall
be given in writing (unless otherwise specified herein) and shall be deemed
effectively given on the earliest of

                  (a) the date delivered, if delivered by personal delivery as
                  against written receipt therefor or by confirmed facsimile
                  transmission,

                  (b) the seventh business day after deposit, postage prepaid,
                  in the United States Postal Service by registered or certified
                  mail, or

                  (c) the third business day after mailing by domestic or
                  international express courier, with delivery costs and fees
                  prepaid,

in each case, addressed to each of the other parties thereunto entitled at the
following addresses (or at such other addresses as such party may designate by
ten (10) days' advance written notice similarly given to each of the other
parties hereto):

Company:                   Advanced Technology Industries, Inc.
                           211 Madison Avenue, #28B
                           New York, New York 10016
                           Attn: Allan Klepfisz
                           Telephone No.:  (212) 532-2736
                           Telecopier No.:  (212) 532-2904

                           with a copy to:
                           Anthony J. Norris , Esq.

                           Ropes & Gray LLP
                           45 Rockefeller Plaza
                           New York, NY 10111
                           Tel: 212-841-0659
                           Fax: 212-841-5725

Lender:           At the address set forth on the signature page of this
                  Agreement.

                           with a copy to:

                           Krieger & Prager LLP, Esqs.
                           39 Broadway
                           Suite 1440
                           New York, NY 10006
                           Attn: Samuel M. Krieger, Esq.
                           Telephone No.: (212) 363-2900
                           Telecopier No.  (212) 363-2999

                                       26
<PAGE>

Escrow Agent:              Krieger & Prager LLP
                           39 Broadway
                           Suite 1440
                           New York, NY 10006
                           Attn: Samuel Krieger, Esq.
                           New York, New York 10016
                           Telephone No.: (212) 363-2900
                           Telecopier No.  (212) 363-2999

                  13. SURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. The Company's
and the Lender's representations and warranties herein shall survive the
execution and delivery of this Agreement and the delivery of the Certificates
and the payment of the Purchase Price for a period of two years after the
Closing Date, and shall inure to the benefit of the Lender and the Company and
their respective successors and assigns.

                   [BALANCE OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]

                                       27
<PAGE>

                  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement has been duly executed by
each Lender (if an entity, by one of its officers thereunto duly authorized) as
of the date set forth below.

                              SIGNATURES FOR LENDER

                  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned represents that the
foregoing statements are true and correct and that it has caused this Securities
Purchase Agreement to be duly executed on its behalf this 15TH day of September
12, 2005.

                                    SILVERLAKE HOLDINGS, INC

                                    By:_____________________________

                                       PURCHASE PRICE:                  $150,000
                                       NUMBER OF WARRANTS:             2,142,857

                                    1040 1ST AVENUE
                                    NEW YORK, NY 10022

                                       28
<PAGE>

As of the date set forth below, the undersigned hereby accepts this Agreement
and represents that the foregoing statements are true and correct and that it
has caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed on its behalf.

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES, INC.

By:________________________

Title:______________________

Date: SEPTEMBER 12, 2005

                                       29
<PAGE>

         ANNEX I           FORM OF DEBENTURE

         ANNEX II          JOINT ESCROW INSTRUCTIONS

         ANNEX III         SECRETARY'S CERTIFICATE

         ANNEX IV          REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

         ANNEX V           COMPANY DISCLOSURE MATERIALS

         ANNEX VI-         FORM OF WARRANT

         ANNEX VII         COMPANY'S SEC DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE ON EDGAR

         ANNEX VIII        SECURITY AGREEMENT

                                       30

Source: [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00092-of-00352.parquet"}, [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00092-of-00352.parquet"}]]