Document:

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                                                                    EXHIBIT 4.18

                       ALLEGHENY TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

                                       and

                               _________________,
                                     Trustee

                                    Indenture

                          Dated as of __________, 20__

                            _________________________

                          SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES
                            _________________________

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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS      ..........................................................................................          i

ARTICLE 1.  DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION..............................................          1

     SECTION 101. DEFINITIONS....................................................................................          1

     SECTION 102.  COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS..........................................................          7

     SECTION 103.  FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE........................................................          8

     SECTION 104.  ACTS OF HOLDERS; RECORD DATES.................................................................          8

     SECTION 105.  NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY.........................................................         10

     SECTION 106.  NOTICES TO HOLDERS; WAIVER....................................................................         10

     SECTION 107.  CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.............................................................         11

     SECTION 108.  EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................         11

     SECTION 109.  SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS........................................................................         11

     SECTION 110.  SEPARABILITY CLAUSE...........................................................................         11

     SECTION 111.  BENEFITS OF INDENTURE.........................................................................         11

     SECTION 112.  GOVERNING LAW.................................................................................         11

     SECTION 113.  LEGAL HOLIDAYS................................................................................         11

ARTICLE 2.  SECURITY FORMS.......................................................................................         12

     SECTION 201.  FORMS GENERALLY...............................................................................         12

     SECTION 202.  FORM OF FACE OF SECURITY......................................................................         12

     SECTION 203.  FORM OF REVERSE OF SECURITY...................................................................         14

     SECTION 204.  FORM OF LEGEND FOR GLOBAL SECURITIES..........................................................         18

     SECTION 205.  FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION...............................................         18

ARTICLE 3.  THE SECURITIES.......................................................................................         19

     SECTION 301.  AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES..........................................................         19
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     SECTION 302.  DENOMINATIONS.................................................................................         21

     SECTION 303.  EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING................................................         22

     SECTION 304.  TEMPORARY SECURITIES..........................................................................         23

     SECTION 305.  REGISTRATION, REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE...........................................         23

     SECTION 306.  MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST OR STOLEN SECURITIES...............................................         26

     SECTION 307.  PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED................................................         26

     SECTION 308.  PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS.........................................................................         27

     SECTION 309.  CANCELLATION..................................................................................         27

     SECTION 310.  COMPUTATION OF INTEREST.......................................................................         28

ARTICLE 4.  SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE...........................................................................         28

     SECTION 401.  SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE.......................................................         28

     SECTION 402.  APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY....................................................................         29

ARTICLE 5.  REMEDIES.............................................................................................         29

     SECTION 501.  EVENTS OF DEFAULT.............................................................................         29

     SECTION 502.  ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT............................................         30

     SECTION 503.  COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT; TRUSTEE.................................         31

     SECTION 504.  TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM..............................................................         32

     SECTION 505.  TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF SECURITIES...................................         32

     SECTION 506.  APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED................................................................         33

     SECTION 507.  LIMITATION ON SUITS...........................................................................         33

     SECTION 508.  UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE
                   PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST AND TO CONVERT................................................         34

     SECTION 509.  RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES............................................................         34
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     SECTION 510.  RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE................................................................         34

     SECTION 511.  DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER..................................................................         34

     SECTION 512.  CONTROL BY HOLDERS............................................................................         34

     SECTION 513.  WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS.......................................................................         35

     SECTION 514.  UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS.........................................................................         35

ARTICLE 6.  THE TRUSTEE..........................................................................................         35

     SECTION 601.  CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES...........................................................         35

     SECTION 602.  NOTICE OF DEFAULTS............................................................................         36

     SECTION 603.  CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.....................................................................         37

     SECTION 604.  NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES........................................         38

     SECTION 605.  MAY HOLD SECURITIES...........................................................................         38

     SECTION 606.  MONEY HELD IN TRUST...........................................................................         38

     SECTION 607.  COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT................................................................         38

     SECTION 608.  CONFLICTING INTERESTS.........................................................................         39

     SECTION 609.  CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY.......................................................         39

     SECTION 610.  RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR.............................................         39

     SECTION 611.  ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR........................................................         41

     SECTION 612.  MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS...................................         42

     SECTION 613.  PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY.............................................         42

     SECTION 614.  APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT...........................................................         42

ARTICLE 7.  HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY....................................................         43

     SECTION 701.  COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS.....................................         43
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     SECTION 702.  PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS TO HOLDERS........................................         44

     SECTION 703.  REPORTS BY TRUSTEE............................................................................         44

ARTICLE 8.  CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE OF ASSETS..............................................................         44

     SECTION 801.  CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE OF ASSETS BY THE COMPANY........................................         45

     SECTION 802.  SUCCESSOR SUBSTITUTED.........................................................................         45

ARTICLE 9.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES..............................................................................         45

     SECTION 901.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS............................................         45

     SECTION 902.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS...............................................         47

     SECTION 903.  EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES..........................................................         48

     SECTION 904.  EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.............................................................         48

     SECTION 905.  CONFORMITY WITH THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT.......................................................         48

     SECTION 906.  REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE.............................................         48

     SECTION 907.  SUBORDINATION UNIMPAIRED......................................................................         48

ARTICLE 10.  COVENANTS...........................................................................................         48

     SECTION 1001.  PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST...................................................         48

     SECTION 1002.  MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY..............................................................         49

     SECTION 1003.  MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST............................................         49

     SECTION 1004.  COMMISSION REPORTS...........................................................................         50

     SECTION 1005.  COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE.......................................................................         50

     SECTION 1006.  STAY, EXTENSION AND USURY LAWS...............................................................         51

     SECTION 1007.  CORPORATE EXISTENCE..........................................................................         51
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     SECTION 1008.  WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS..................................................................         51

     SECTION 1009.  TAXES........................................................................................         51

ARTICLE 11.  REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES............................................................................         52

     SECTION 1101.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.....................................................................         52

     SECTION 1102.  ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE........................................................         52

     SECTION 1103.  SELECTION OF TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED............................................         52

     SECTION 1104.  NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.........................................................................         53

     SECTION 1105.  DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE..................................................................         53

     SECTION 1106.  SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE........................................................         54

     SECTION 1107.  SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART..................................................................         54

ARTICLE 12.  SINKING FUNDS.......................................................................................         54

     SECTION 1201.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.....................................................................         54

     SECTION 1202.  SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES........................................         54

     SECTION 1203.  REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND....................................................         55

ARTICLE 13.  DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE..................................................................         55

     SECTION 1301.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE; COMPANY'S OPTION TO
       ELECT DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE...................................................................         55

     SECTION 1302.  DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE.....................................................................         55

     SECTION 1303.  COVENANT DEFEASANCE..........................................................................         56

     SECTION 1304.  CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE..............................................         56

     SECTION 1305.  DEPOSITED MONEY AND U.S. GOVERNMENT
       OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN TRUST; MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.................................................         59

     SECTION 1306.  REINSTATEMENT................................................................................         60

     SECTION 1307.  QUALIFYING TRUSTEE...........................................................................         60
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ARTICLE 14.  SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES.........................................................................         60

     SECTION 1401.  DEBT SECURITIES SUBORDINATE TO SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS...........................................         60

     SECTION 1402. TRUSTEE AND HOLDERS OF DEBT SECURITIES MAY RELY ON
       CERTIFICATE OF LIQUIDATING AGENT; TRUSTEE MAY REQUIRE FURTHER EVIDENCE
       AS TO OWNERSHIP OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS; TRUSTEE NOT FIDUCIARY TO
       HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS............................................................................         63

     SECTION 1403.  PAYMENT PERMITTED IF NO DEFAULT..............................................................         63

     SECTION 1404.  TRUSTEE NOT CHARGED WITH KNOWLEDGE OF PROHIBITION............................................         64

     SECTION 1405.  TRUSTEE TO EFFECTUATE SUBORDINATION..........................................................         64

     SECTION 1406.  RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE AS HOLDER OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS...........................................         64

     SECTION 1407.  ARTICLE APPLICABLE TO PAYING AGENTS..........................................................         64

     SECTION 1408. SUBORDINATION RIGHTS NOT IMPAIRED BY ACTS OR OMISSIONS OF THE
       COMPANY OR HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.................................................................         64
</TABLE>

NOTE: This Table of Contents shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part
of the Indenture.

                                       vi

<PAGE>

         INDENTURE dated as of ___________, 20__ between ALLEGHENY TECHNOLOGIES
INCORPORATED, a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the
State of Delaware (herein sometimes called the "Company"), and _____________, a
corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of
_____________, as Trustee (herein sometimes called the "Trustee").

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

         The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its debentures, notes
or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the "Securities"), to be
issued in one or more series as this Indenture provides.

         All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the
Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

                   NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

         For and in consideration of the promises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually agreed, for the equal and
proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series thereof, as
follows:

                                   ARTICLE 1.

                        DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS
                             OF GENERAL APPLICATION

         SECTION 101. DEFINITIONS. For all purposes of this Indenture, except as
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

         (1)      the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned
to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

         (2)      all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust
Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings
assigned to them therein;

         (3)      all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the
meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles, and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the terms
"generally accepted accounting principles" or "GAAP" with respect to any
computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting
principles as are generally accepted at the date hereof;

         (4)      unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an
Article or a Section refers to an Article or a Section, as the case may be, of
this Indenture; and

<PAGE>

         (5)      the words herein, hereof, and hereunder and other words of
similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular
Article, Section or other subdivision.

         "Act of Holder" has the meaning specified in Section 104.

         "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, control
when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the
management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through
the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms
controlling and controlled have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

         "Authenticating Agent" means any Person authorized by the Trustee
pursuant to Section 614 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of one or more series.

         "Board of Directors" means either the board of directors of the Company
or any duly authorized committee of that board.

         "Board Resolution" means (i) a copy of a resolution certified by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by
the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, or (ii) a certificate signed by the authorized officer or
officers of the Company to whom the Board of Directors of the Company has
delegated its authority, and in each case, delivered to the Trustee.

         "Business Day," when used with respect to any Place of Payment, means
each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which
banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated by law
or executive order to close.

         "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, from time to
time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after the
execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the
duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body
performing such duties at such time.

         "Company" means the Person named as the Company in the first paragraph
of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to
the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter Company shall mean
such successor Person.

         "Company Request" or "Company Order" means a written request or order
signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, its Vice
Chairman of the Board, its President or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer,
an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered
to the Trustee.

         "Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Trustee or agent of
the Trustee, in either case, in the City of New York, at which at any particular
time the corporate trust business of the Trustee or such agent shall be
principally administered.

                                       2
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         "Corporation" means a corporation, association, company, joint-stock
company or business trust.

         "Covenant Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1303.

         "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

         "Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1302.

         "Depositary" means, with respect to Securities of any series issuable
in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, a clearing
agency registered under the Exchange Act that is designated to act as Depositary
for such Securities as contemplated by Section 301.

         "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

         "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any
statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

         "Existing Subordinated Indebtedness" means ___________________________.

         "Expiration Date" means a date, designated in accordance with Section
104, by which Holders must take an action contemplated by Section 104 for such
action to be effective.

         "Foreign Government Obligation" has the meaning specified in Section
1304.

         "generally accepted accounting principles" or "GAAP" has the meaning
specified in Section 101(3).

         "Global Security" means a Security that evidences all or part of the
Securities of any series and bears the legend set forth in Section 204 (or such
legend as may be specified as contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities).

         "Holder" means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the
Security Register.

         "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed and as it may
from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof,
including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental
indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a
part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture,
respectively. The term Indenture shall also include the terms of particular
series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 301.

         "interest," when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount
Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest
payable after Maturity.

                                       3
<PAGE>

         "Interest Payment Date," when used with respect to any Security, means
the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

         "Investment Company Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940 and
any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

         "Maturity," when used with respect to any Security, means the date on
which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due
and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by
declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

         "Notice of Default" means a written notice of the kind specified in
Section 501(4).

         "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the Chairman of
the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial
Officer or any Vice President, and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Company, and delivered to the
Trustee.

         "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who may be
counsel for the Company, and who shall be acceptable to the Trustee.

         "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which provides
for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon
a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502.

         "Outstanding," when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the
date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture, except:

         (1)      Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation;

         (2)      Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the
necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying
Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by
the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders
of such Securities; provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice
of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision
therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made;

         (3)      Securities as to which Defeasance has been effected pursuant
to Section 1302; and

         (4)      Securities that have been paid pursuant to Section 306 or in
exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and
delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect
of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it
that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such
Securities are valid obligations of the Company; provided, however, that in
determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities have given, made or

                                       4
<PAGE>

taken any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action hereunder as of any date, (A) the principal amount of an Original
Issue Discount Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the
amount of the principal thereof which would be due and payable as of such date
upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof to such date pursuant to Section 502,
(B) if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of
a Security is not determinable, the principal amount of such Security which
shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount as specified or determined
as contemplated by Section 301, (C) the principal amount of a Security
denominated in one or more foreign currencies or currency units which shall be
deemed to be Outstanding shall be the U.S. dollar equivalent, determined as of
such date in the manner provided as contemplated by Section 301, of the
principal amount of such Security (or, in the case of a Security described in
Clause (A) or (B) above, of the amount determined as provided in such Clause),
and (D) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities
or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded
and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the
Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, only
Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so
owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in
good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the
satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such
Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the
Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor.

         "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the
principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on behalf of the
Company.

         "Person" means an individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture,
limited liability company, association, joint-stock company, trust,
unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision
thereof.

         "Place of Payment," when used with respect to the Securities of any
series, means the place or places where the principal of any premium and
interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified as
contemplated by Section 301.

         "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security
authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in lieu of a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the
same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

         "Redemption Date," when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this
Indenture.

         "Redemption Price," when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this
Indenture.

                                       5
<PAGE>

         "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment
Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that purpose
as contemplated by Section 301.

         "Responsible Officer," when used with respect to the Trustee, means any
officer within the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee including any vice
president, the secretary, any assistant secretary, the treasurer, any assistant
treasurer, the cashier, any assistant cashier, any trust officer, any senior
trust officer or assistant trust officer or any other officer of the Trustee
customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above
designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust
matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his
knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

         "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this
Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.

         "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933 and any statute
successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

         "Security Registrar" shall mean the Person appointed to register
Securities and transfers of Securities in the Security Register, as contemplated
by Section 305.

         "Security Register" has the meaning specified in Section 305.

         "Senior Indebtedness" means the principal of (and premium, if any) and
interest (including, without limitation, any post-petition interest) on any
indebtedness, whether outstanding as of the date hereof or thereafter created or
incurred, which is for (a) money borrowed by the Company, (b) obligations of the
Company evidencing the purchase price for acquisitions by the Company or a
subsidiary other than in the ordinary course of business, (c) money borrowed by
others and assumed or guaranteed by the Company (d) capitalized lease
obligations of the Company, (e) obligations under performance guarantees,
support agreements and other agreements in the nature thereof and (f) renewals,
extensions, refundings, amendments and modifications of any indebtedness, of the
kind described in the forgoing subclauses (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) or of the
instruments creating or evidencing such indebtedness, unless, in each case, by
the terms of the instrument creating or evidencing such indebtedness or such
renewal, extension, refunding, amendment and modification, if it provided that
such indebtedness is not senior in right of payment to the Securities.

         "Significant Subsidiary" means any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the
Company that would be a "significant subsidiary" as defined in Article 1, Rule
1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, as such regulation is in effect on the date hereof.

         "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a
date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

                                       6
<PAGE>

         "Stated Maturity," when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified
in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

         "Subsidiary" means with respect to any Person, any corporation,
association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the outstanding
voting stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person and one or more
Subsidiaries of such Person (or combination thereof). Unless otherwise
specified, "Subsidiary" means a Subsidiary of the Company.

         "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force
at the date as of which this instrument was executed; provided, however, that in
the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, "Trust
Indenture Act" means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

         "Trustee" means the Person named as the Trustee in the first paragraph
of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to
the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter Trustee shall mean
or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there
is more than one such Person, Trustee as used with respect to the Securities of
any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

         "U.S. Government Obligation" has the meaning specified in Section 1304.

         "Vice President," when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee,
means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or
words added before or after the title Vice President.

         SECTION 102. COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS. Upon any application
or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision
of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee such certificates
and opinions as may be required under the Trust Indenture Act. Each such
certificate or opinion shall be given in the form of an Officers' Certificate,
if to be given by an officer of the Company, or an Opinion of Counsel, if to be
given by counsel, and shall comply with the requirements of the Trust Indenture
Act and any other requirements set forth in this Indenture.

         Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than the Officers'
Certificate provided for in Section 1005 hereof) shall include:

         (1)      a statement that each individual signing such certificate or
opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating
thereto;

         (2)      a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in
such certificate or opinion are based;

                                       7
<PAGE>

         (3)      a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he
has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to
express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has
been complied with; and

         (4)      a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such
individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

         SECTION 103. FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE. In any case where
several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of,
any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by,
or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified
or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an
opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to
other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such
matters in one or several documents.

         Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an opinion of counsel, unless such
officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the
opinion with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is
based is erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of counsel may be based,
insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate of, or
representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the
information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the
Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should
know, that the certificate or representations with respect to such matters are
erroneous.

         Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.

         SECTION 104. ACTS OF HOLDERS; RECORD DATES. Any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or
permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken by Holders may be
embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar
tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agent duly appointed in writing;
and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become
effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and,
where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or
instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein
sometimes referred to as the Act of the Holders signing such instrument or
instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing
appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture
and (subject to Section 601) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company,
if made in the manner provided in this Section.

         The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument
or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a
certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take
acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument
or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such

                                       8
<PAGE>

execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual
capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof
of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or
writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved
in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

         The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register.

         Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the
same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of
transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of
anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in
reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such
Security.

         The Company may set any day as a record date for the purpose of
determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to
give, make or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be
given, made or taken by Holders of Securities of such series, provided that the
Company may not set a record date for, and the provisions of this paragraph
shall not apply with respect to, the giving or making of any notice,
declaration, request or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding
Securities of the relevant series on such record date, and no other Holders,
shall be entitled to take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders
remain Holders after such record date; provided that no such action shall be
effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date
by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such
series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to
prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any action for which a
record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the
record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person
be cancelled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed
to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal
amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action
is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the
Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the
proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the
Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in
the manner set forth in Section 106.

         The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of
determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to join
in the giving or making of (i) any Notice of Default, (ii) any declaration of
acceleration referred to in Section 502, (iii) any request to institute
proceedings referred to in Section 507(2) or (iv) any direction referred to in
Section 512, in each case with respect to Securities of such series. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be
entitled to join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or
not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided that no such
action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable
Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall
be construed to prevent the Trustee from setting a new record date for any

                                       9
<PAGE>

action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this
paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with
no action by any Person be cancelled and of no effect), and nothing in this
paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders
of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant
series on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set
pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee, at the Company's expense, shall cause
notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable
Expiration Date to be given to the Company in writing and to each Holder of
Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Section 106.

         With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party
hereto which sets such record dates may designate any date as the Expiration
Date and from time to time may change the Expiration Date to any earlier or
later day; provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the
proposed new Expiration Date is given to the other party hereto in writing, and
to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in
Section 106, on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration Date
is not designated with respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section,
the party hereto which sets such record date shall be deemed to have initially
designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration Date with
respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Expiration Date as provided
in this paragraph. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Expiration Date shall be
later than the 180th day after the applicable record date.

         Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to give or
take any action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with
regard to all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or
more duly appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment
with regard to all or any part of such principal amount.

         SECTION 105. NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY. Any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or
other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or
furnished to, or filed with,

         (1)      the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be
sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in
writing to or with the Trustee at ___________________, or at any other address
previously furnished in writing to the Company and the Holders by the Trustee,
or

         (2)      the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be
sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly
provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company
addressed to it at the address of its principal office specified in the first
paragraph of this instrument, Attn. Secretary, or at any other address
previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.

         SECTION 106. NOTICES TO HOLDERS; WAIVER. Where this Indenture provides
for notice to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given
(unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed,
first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected by such event, at his
address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the

                                       10
<PAGE>

latest date (if any), and not earlier than the earliest date (if any),
prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders is
given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any
notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such
notice with respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice
in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to
receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be
the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with
the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity
of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

         In case, by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by
reason of any other cause, it shall be impracticable to give such notice by
mail, then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee
shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

         SECTION 107. CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT. If any provision hereof
limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision of the Trust Indenture Act that
is required under such Act to be a part of and govern this Indenture, the latter
provision shall control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes
any provision of the Trust Indenture Act that may be so modified or excluded,
the latter provision shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified
or to be excluded, as the case may be.

         SECTION 108. EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS. The Article and
Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and
shall not affect the construction hereof.

         SECTION 109. SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. All covenants and agreements in
this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so
expressed or not.

         SECTION 110. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE. In case any provision in this
Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the
validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in
any way be affected or impaired thereby.

         SECTION 111. BENEFITS OF INDENTURE. Nothing in this Indenture or in the
Securities, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties
hereto and their successors hereunder and the Holders, any benefit or any legal
or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

         SECTION 112. GOVERNING LAW. This Indenture and the Securities shall be
governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State of New York,
without regard to principles of conflicts of laws.

         SECTION 113. LEGAL HOLIDAYS. In any case where any Interest Payment
Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business
Day at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this
Indenture or of the Securities (other than a provision of any Security that
specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section))
payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) need not be made at such

                                       11
<PAGE>

Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business
Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the
Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, or at the Stated Maturity, provided,
that no interest shall accrue with respect to such payment for the period from
and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity, as the
case may be.

                                   ARTICLE 2.

                                 SECURITY FORMS

         SECTION 201. FORMS GENERALLY. The Securities of each series shall be in
substantially the form set forth in this Article, or in such other form as shall
be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions,
substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this
Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification
and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply
with the rules of any securities exchange or as may, consistently herewith, be
determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their
execution thereof. If the form of Securities of any series is established by
action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of
such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the
Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company
Order contemplated by Section 303 for the authentication and delivery of such
Securities.

         The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on
steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined
by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of
such Securities.

         SECTION 202.  FORM OF FACE OF SECURITY.

         [Insert any legend required by the Internal Revenue Code and the
regulations thereunder.]

                       ALLEGHENY TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

                    No. ____________             $_____________

                              CUSIP _______________

         Allegheny Technologies Incorporated, a corporation duly organized and
existing under the laws of Delaware (herein called the "Company," which term
includes any successor Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for
value received, hereby promises to pay to _____________________, or registered
assigns, the principal sum of ______________________ [Dollars] [if other than
Dollars, substitute other currency or currency units] on
_________________________________ [If the Security is to bear interest prior to
Maturity, insert --, and to pay interest thereon from _________________ or from
the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly
provided for, [semi-annually on ________

                                       12
<PAGE>

______________________ and _____________________ in each year] [if other than
semi-annual interest at a fixed rate, insert frequency of payments and payment
dates,] commencing ___________________ at [If the Security is to bear interest
at a fixed rate, insert -- the rate of ____% per annum] [if the Security is to
bear interest at a rate determined with reference to one or more formula, refer
to description of index below], until the principal hereof is paid or made
available for payment.

         [If applicable, insert --, provided that any principal and premium, and
any such installment of interest, which is overdue shall bear interest at the
rate of ____% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall
be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due until they are paid
or made available for payment, and such interest shall be payable on demand.]
Interest shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day
months. The interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on
any Interest Payment Date will, as provided in such Indenture, be paid to the
Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is
registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such
interest, which shall be the _________________ or ____________ (whether or not a
Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date.
Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for will forthwith
cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be
paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for
the Payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice
whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this series not less than 10
days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid at any time in any other
lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange
on which the Securities of this series may be listed, and upon such notice as
may be required by such exchange, all as more fully provided in said Indenture].

         [If the Securities are securities with respect to which the principal
of or any premium or interest may be determined with reference to one or more
indices or formulas, insert the text of such indices or formulas.]

         [If the Security is not to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert -
The principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a
default in payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated
Maturity and in such case the overdue principal and any overdue premium shall
bear interest at the rate of _____% per annum (to the extent that the payment of
such interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due
until they are paid or made available for payment. Interest on any overdue
principal or premium shall be payable on demand. [Any such interest on overdue
principal or premium which is not paid on demand shall bear interest at the rate
of _______________% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest
on interest shall be legally enforceable), from the date of such demand until
the amount so demanded is paid or made available for payment. Interest on any
overdue interest shall be payable on demand.]]

         Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and [if applicable,
insert -- any such] interest on this Security will be made at the office or
agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in ________________ in such
coin or currency [of the United States of America] [if the

                                       13
<PAGE>

Security is denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars, specify other
currency or currency unit in which payment of the principal of any premium or
interest may be made] as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of
public and private debts [if applicable, insert --; provided, however, that at
the option of the Company payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the
address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the
Security Register or by wire transfer to an account maintained by the Person
entitled thereto as specified in the Security Register.]

         Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set
forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes
have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

         Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by
the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security
shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or
obligatory for any purpose.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly
executed under its corporate seal.

         Dated: ________________

         ALLEGHENY TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

         By__________________________

         Attest:

         SECTION 203. FORM OF REVERSE OF SECURITY. This Security is one of a
duly authorized issue of securities of the Company (herein called the
Securities), issued and to be issued in one or more series under an Indenture,
dated as of ________________, ____ (herein called the Indenture, which term
shall have the meaning assigned to it in such instrument), between the Company
and __________________, as Trustee (herein called the Trustee, which term
includes any successor trustee under the Indenture), and reference is hereby
made to the Indenture for a statement of the respective rights, limitations of
rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee and the
Holders of the Securities and of the terms upon which the securities are, and
are to be authenticated and delivered. This Security is one of the series
designated on the face hereof [if applicable, insert -- limited in aggregate
principal amount to $________________]. [The Securities are [unsecured general
obligations of the Company.]]

         [If applicable, insert -- The securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than 30 days' notice by mail, [If applicable, insert --

         (1)      on _______________ in any year commencing with the year
_____________ and ending with the year ______________ through operation of the
sinking fund for this series at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the
principal amount, and

                                       14
<PAGE>

         (2)]     at any time [if applicable, insert -- on or after
______________, ____], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at
the following Redemption Prices (expressed as percentages of the principal
amount): If redeemed [if applicable, insert -- on or before __________________,
_____% and if redeemed] during the 12-month period beginning ________________ of
the years indicated,

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
          Year                   Redemption Price                   Year                       Redemption Price
-------------------------     -----------------------      -----------------------          -----------------------
<S>                           <C>                          <C>                              <C>
</TABLE>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to _____% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption [if applicable, insert -- (whether
through operation of the sinking fund or otherwise)] with accrued interest to
the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or
prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities,
or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the
relevant Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the
Indenture.]

         [If applicable, insert -- The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than 30 days' notice by mail, (1) on ______________ in
any year commencing with the year ______ and ending with the year ______ through
operation of the sinking fund for this series at the Redemption Prices for
redemption through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as percentages of
the principal amount) set forth in the table below, and (2) at any time [if
applicable, insert -- on or after ________________, as a whole or in part, at
the election of the Company, at the Redemption Prices for redemption otherwise
than through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as percentages of the
principal amount) set forth in the table below: If redeemed during the 12-month
period beginning _____________________ of the years indicated,

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                    Redemption Price for                Redemption Price for
                                    Redemption Through                   Redemption Otherwise
                                     Operation of the                  Than Through Operation
           Year                        Sinking Fund                      of the Sinking Fund
----------------------------     ----------------------------      -------------------------------
<S>                              <C>                               <C>
</TABLE>

and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to ______% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption (whether through operation of the
sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but
interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption
Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more

                                       15
<PAGE>

Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant
Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.]

         [If applicable, insert -- Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company
may not, prior to ________________ redeem any Securities of this series as
contemplated by [if applicable, insert -- Clause (2) of the preceding paragraph
as a part of, or in anticipation of, any refunding operation by the application,
directly or indirectly, of moneys borrowed having an interest cost to the
Company (calculated in accordance with generally accepted financial practice) of
less than _________% per annum.]

         [If applicable, insert -- The sinking fund for this series provides for
the redemption on __________________ in each year beginning with the year
___________ and ending with the year ________ of [if applicable, insert - not
less than $_______________ (mandatory sinking fund) and not more than]
$_______________ aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series.
Securities of this series acquired or redeemed by the Company otherwise than
through [if applicable, insert -- mandatory] sinking fund payments may be
credited against subsequent [if applicable, insert -- mandatory] [sinking fund
payments otherwise required to be made [if applicable, insert --, in the inverse
order in which they become due].]

         [If the Security is subject to redemption of any kind, insert -- In the
event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new Security or Securities
of this series and of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof will be
issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.]

         [If the Security is not subject to redemption of any kind, insert -
This Security is not redeemable prior to the Stated Maturity.]

         [Insert paragraph regarding subordination of the Security.]

         [If applicable, insert -- The Indenture contains provisions for
defeasance at any time of [the entire indebtedness of this Security] [or]
[certain restrictive covenants and Events of Default with respect to this
Security] [, in each case] upon compliance with certain conditions set forth in
the Indenture.]

          [If the Security is convertible into securities of the Company,
specify the conversion features.]

         [If the Security is not an Original Issue Discount Security, insert -
If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and
be continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared
due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.]

         [If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security, insert -- If
an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be
declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the
Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to -- [insert formula for determining the

                                       16
<PAGE>

amount.] Upon payment (i) of the amount of principal so declared due and payable
and (ii) of interest on any overdue principal, premium and interest (in each
case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable), all of the Company's obligations in respect of the payment of the
principal of and premium and interest, if any, on the Securities of this series
shall terminate.]

         The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the
amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be
affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the
consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities at
the time Outstanding of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains
provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount
of the Securities of each series at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the
Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company
with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the
Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of
this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all
future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration
of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not
notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.

         As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the
Holder of this Security shall not have the right to institute any proceeding
with respect to the Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee or
for any other remedy thereunder, unless such Holder shall have previously given
the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of this series, the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount
of the Securities of this series at the time Outstanding shall have made written
request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of
Default as Trustee and offered the Trustee reasonable indemnity, and the Trustee
shall not have received from the Holders of a majority in principal amount of
Securities of this series at the time Outstanding a direction inconsistent with
such request, and shall have failed to institute any such proceeding, for 60
days after receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity. The foregoing
shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Holder of this Security for the
enforcement of any payment of principal hereof or any premium or interest hereon
on or after the respective due dates expressed herein.

         No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security
or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which
is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and any premium and
interest on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or
currency, herein prescribed.

         As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein
set forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Security
Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the
office or agency of the Company in any place where the principal of and any
premium and interest on this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or
accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his
attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one

                                       17
<PAGE>

or more new Securities of this series and of like tenor, of authorized
denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the
designated transferee or transferees.

         The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form
without coupons in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. As
provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth,
Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount
of Securities of this series and of like tenor of a different authorized
denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same.

         No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer
or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

         Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer,
the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat
the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all
purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the
Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

         All terms used in this Security which are defined in the Indenture
shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

         SECTION 204. FORM OF LEGEND FOR GLOBAL SECURITIES. Unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 for the Securities evidenced thereby,
every Global Security authenticated and delivered hereunder shall bear a legend
in substantially the following form:

         THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE
         HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY
         OR A NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED TO, OR
         REGISTERED OR EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR A SECURITY REGISTERED
         IN THE NAME OF ANY PERSON OTHER THAN SUCH DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE
         THEREOF, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE
         INDENTURE.

         SECTION 205. FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION. The
Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be in substantially the following
form:

         This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                             __________, as Trustee

                             By:________________________________
                                      Authorized Officer

                                       18
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE 3.

                                 THE SECURITIES

         SECTION 301. AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES. The aggregate
principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture is unlimited.

         The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be
established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution and, subject to Section 303,
set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers' Certificate, or
established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance
of Securities of any series:

         (1)      the title of the Securities of the series (which shall
distinguish the Securities of the series from Securities of any other series);

         (2)      any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration
of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the
series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906 or 1107 and except for any
Securities which, pursuant to Section 303, are deemed never to have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder);

         (3)      the Person to whom any interest on a Security of the series
shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security (or one
or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the
Regular Record Date for such interest;

         (4)      the date or dates on which the principal of any Securities of
the series is payable;

         (5)      the rate or rates at which any Securities of the series shall
bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which any such interest shall
accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall be payable
and the Regular Record Date for any such interest payable on any Interest
Payment Date;

         (6)      the place or places where the principal of and any premium and
interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable;

         (7)      the period or periods within which, the price or prices at
which and the terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the series may
be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;

         (8)      the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase
any Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
provisions or at the option of the Holder thereof and the period or periods
within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions

                                       19
<PAGE>

upon which any Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole
or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

         (9)      any provision for the conversion or exchange of Securities of
the series, either at the option of the Holder thereof or the Company, into or
for another security or securities of the Company, the security or securities
into or for which, the period or periods within which, the price or prices,
including any adjustments thereto, at which and the other terms and conditions
upon which any Securities of the series shall be converted or exchanged, in
whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

         (10)     if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral
multiple thereof, the denominations in which any Securities of the series shall
be issuable;

         (11)     if the amount of principal of or any premium or interest on
any Securities of the series may be determined with reference to one or more
indices or pursuant to a formula, the manner in which such amounts shall be
determined;

         (12)     if other than the currency of the United States of America,
the currency, currencies or currency units in which the principal of or any
premium or interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable and the
manner of determining the equivalent thereof in the currency of the United
States of America for any purpose, including for purposes of the definition of
"Outstanding" in Section 101;

         (13)     if the principal of or any premium or interest on any
Securities of the series is to be payable, at the election of the Company or the
Holder thereof, in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or
those in which such Securities are stated to be payable, the currency,
currencies or currency units in which the principal of or any premium or
interest on such Securities as to which such election is made shall be payable,
the periods within which and the terms and conditions upon which such election
is to be made and the amount so payable (or the manner in which such amount
shall be determined);

         (14)     if other than the entire principal amount thereof, the portion
of the principal amount of any Securities of the series which shall be payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section
502;

         (15)     if the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of any
Securities of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more dates
prior to the Stated Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the
principal amount of such Securities as of any such date for any purpose
thereunder or hereunder, including the principal amount thereof which shall be
due and payable upon any Maturity other than the Stated Maturity or which shall
be deemed to be Outstanding as of any date prior to the Stated Maturity (or, in
any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount
shall be determined);

         (16)     if applicable, that the Securities of the series, in whole or
any specified part, shall be defeasible pursuant to Section 1302 or Section 1303
or both such Sections (or, if defeasible by another method, such other method)
and, if other than by an action pursuant to a Board

                                       20
<PAGE>

Resolution, the manner in which any election by the Corporation to defease such
Securities shall be evidenced;

         (17)     if and as applicable, that any Securities of the series shall
be issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities
and, in such case, the respective Depositaries for such Global Securities, the
form of any legend or legends which shall be borne by any such Global Security
in addition to or in lieu of that set forth in Section 204 and any circumstances
in addition to or in lieu of those set forth in Clause (2) of the last paragraph
of Section 305 in which any such Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in
part for Securities registered, and any transfer of such Global Security in
whole or in part may be registered, in the name or names of Persons other than
the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof;

         (18)     any addition to or change in the Events of Default which
applies to any Securities of the series and any change in the right of the
Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal
amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 502;

         (19)     any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in
Article Ten which applies to Securities of the series;

         (20)     if applicable, that the subordination provisions in Article
Fourteen shall apply to the Securities of the series or that any different
subordination provisions, including different definitions of the terms "Senior
Indebtedness" or "Existing Subordinated Indebtedness," shall apply to Securities
of the series; and

         (21)     any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be
inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, except as permitted by
Section 901(5)).

         All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical
except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant
to the Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section 303) set
forth, or determined in the manner provided in the Officers' Certificate
referred to above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto. All Securities
of any one series need not be issued at one time and, unless otherwise provided,
a series may be reopened for issuances of additional Securities of such series.

         Unless otherwise provided with respect to the Securities of any series,
at the option of the Company, interest on the Securities of any series that
bears interest may be paid by mailing a check to the address of the person
entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register.

         If any of the terms of a series are established by action taken
pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action
shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers'
Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.

         SECTION 302. DENOMINATIONS. The Securities of each series shall be
issuable only in registered form without coupons and only in such denominations
as shall be specified as

                                       21
<PAGE>

contemplated by Section 301. In the absence of any such specified denomination
with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of such series
shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

         SECTION 303. EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING. The
Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the
Board, its President, one of its Vice Presidents or an Assistant Treasurer,
under its corporate seal reproduced thereon attested by its Secretary or one of
its Assistant Secretaries. The signature of any of these officers on the
Securities may be manual or facsimile.

         Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals
who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

         At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of
this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance
with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If the
form or terms of the Securities of the series have been established by or
pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by Sections 201 and 301,
in authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be
entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in
relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating,

         (1)      if the form of such Securities has been established by or
pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 201, that such form has
been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

         (2)      if the terms of such Securities have been established by or
pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 301, that such terms have
been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and

         (3)      that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions
specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and legally binding
obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject
to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and
similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors' rights
and to general equity principles and, if applicable, to provisions of law which
may require that a judgment for money damages rendered by a court in the United
States be expressed in United States dollars.

         If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not
be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner
which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

                                       22
<PAGE>

         Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 301 and of the preceding
paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one
time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers' Certificate otherwise
required pursuant to Section 301 or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel
otherwise required pursuant to such preceding paragraph at or prior to the
authentication of each Security of such series if such documents are delivered
at or prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the first Security
of such series to be issued.

         Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

         No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be
valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein,
executed by the Trustee by manual signature of an authorized officer, and such
certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only
evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered
hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company,
and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as
provided in Section 309, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall
be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall
never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

         SECTION 304. TEMPORARY SECURITIES. Pending the preparation of
definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon Company
Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities which are
printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any
authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities
in lieu of which they are issued and with such appropriate insertions,
omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such
Securities may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

         If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will
cause definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable
delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the
temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive
Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such
series at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that
series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one
or more temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more
definitive Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of
like tenor and aggregate principal amount. Until so exchanged, the temporary
Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits
under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series and tenor.

         SECTION 305. REGISTRATION, REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE. The
Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee a
register (the register maintained in such office or in any other office or
agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes referred to
as the "Security Register") in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as
it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the

                                       23
<PAGE>

registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The Trustee is hereby
appointed Security Registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and
transfers of Securities as herein provided.

         Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of a series
at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series,
the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in
the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities
of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and
aggregate principal amount.

         At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged
for other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of
like tenor and aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to
be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so
surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is
entitled to receive.

         All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same
debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

         Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or
for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly
endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the
Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

         No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection
with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than
exchanges pursuant to Section 304, 906 or 1107 not involving any transfer.

         If the Securities of any series (or of any series and specified tenor)
are to be redeemed in part, the Company shall not be required (A) to issue,
register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of that series (or of that
series and specified tenor, as the case may be) during a period beginning at the
opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of
redemption of any such Securities selected for redemption under Section 1103 and
ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (B) to register
the transfer or exchange of any Security so selected for redemption in whole or
in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

         The provisions of Clauses (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) below shall
apply only to Global Securities:

         (1)      Each Global Security authenticated under this Indenture shall
be registered in the name of the Depositary designated for such Global Security
or a nominee thereof and delivered

                                       24
<PAGE>

to such Depositary or a nominee thereof or custodian therefor, and each such
Global Security shall constitute a single Security for all purposes of this
Indenture.

         (2)      Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, no
Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered,
and no transfer of a Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in
the name of any Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a
nominee thereof unless (A) such Depositary (i) has notified the Company that it
is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or
(ii) has ceased to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, (B)
there shall have occurred and be continuing an Event of Default with respect to
such Global Security or (C) there shall exist such circumstances, if any, in
addition to or in lieu of the foregoing as have been specified for this purpose
as contemplated by Section 301.

         (3)      Subject to the provisions of Clause (2) above, the rights of
holders of such Global Securities shall be exercised only through the Depositary
and shall be limited to those established by law and agreements between such
holders and the Depositary and or the Depositary participants. The initial
Depositary will make book-entry transfers among the Depositary participants and
receive and transmit distributions of principal and interest on the Global
Securities to such Depositary participants.

         The Depositary may be treated by the Company and the Trustee, and any
of their respective agents, employees, officers and directors, as the absolute
owner of the Global Securities for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, nothing in this Indenture shall prevent the Company and the Trustee,
or any of their respective agents, from giving effect to any written
certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary, or
shall impair the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the
rights of a holder of any Global Security. Subject to the foregoing provisions
of this Section, any holder may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any person
to take any action which a holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or
the Global Securities.

         (4)      Subject to Clause (2) above, any exchange of a Global Security
for other Securities may be made in whole or in part, and all Securities issued
in exchange for a Global Security or any portion thereof shall be registered in
such names as the Depositary for such Global Security shall direct.

         (5)      Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration
of transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global Security or any
portion thereof, whether pursuant to this Section, Section 304, 306, 906 or 1107
or otherwise, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and shall be,
a Global Security, unless such Security is registered in the name of a Person
other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof.

         (6)      None of the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company
or the Trustee will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the
records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership
interests of a Global Security or maintaining, supervising or reviewing any
records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

                                       25
<PAGE>

         SECTION 306. MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST OR STOLEN SECURITIES. If any
mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security
of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number
not contemporaneously outstanding.

         If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence
to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii)
such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and
any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the
Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security
of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number
not contemporaneously outstanding.

         In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has
become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

         Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company
may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

         Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in
lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original
additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed,
lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be
entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with
any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder.

         The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

         SECTION 307. PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED. Except as
otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to any series of
Securities, interest on any Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or
duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in
whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered
at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest.

         Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein
called "Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder
on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and
such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each
case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below:

                                       26
<PAGE>

         (1)      The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted
Interest to the Persons in whose name the Securities of such series (or their
respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a
Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be
fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing
of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such
series and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company
shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount
proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make
arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of
the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the
benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this Clause
provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment
of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less
than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days
after the receipt by the Trustee of any notice of the proposed payment. The
Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in
the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed
payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be
mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of Securities of such
series, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the
proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date
therefore having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the
Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special
Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following Clause (2).

         (2)      The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the
Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the
requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed,
and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given
by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this Clause,
such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

         Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security
delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange
for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued
and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

         SECTION 308. PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS. Prior to due presentment of a
Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of
the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Security is
registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of
principal of and any premium and (subject to Section 307) any interest on such
Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be
overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or
the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

         SECTION 309.  CANCELLATION.

         All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of
transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if
surrendered to any Person other than the

                                       27
<PAGE>

Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee and shall be promptly cancelled by it. The
Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities
previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have
acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any
other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities
previously authenticated hereunder which the Company has not issued and sold,
and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. No
Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities
cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this
Indenture. All cancelled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of by
the Trustee in accordance with its customary procedure, unless otherwise
directed by a Company Order.

         SECTION 310. COMPUTATION OF INTEREST. Except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of any series, interest on the
Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of
twelve 30-day months.

                                   ARTICLE 4.

                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

         SECTION 401. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE. This Indenture
shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect (except as to any
surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities herein
expressly provided for), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall
execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture, when

         (1)      either

                  (a)      all Securities theretofore authenticated and
         delivered (other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed, lost or
         stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 306
         and (ii) Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been
         deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and
         thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as
         provided in Section 1003) have been delivered to the Trustee for
         cancellation; or

                  (b)      all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the
         Trustee for cancellation

                           (i)      have become due and payable, or

                           (ii)     will become due and payable at their Stated
                  Maturity within one year, or

                           (iii)    are to be called for redemption within one
                  year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the
                  giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and
                  at the expense, of the Company,

                                       28
<PAGE>

         and the Company, in the case of (i) (ii) or (iii) above, has deposited
         or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for
         the purpose money (either in United States dollars or such other
         currency or currency units in which the Securities of any series may be
         payable) in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire
         indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the
         Trustee for cancellation, for principal and any premium and interest to
         the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become
         due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the
         case may be;

         (2)      the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums
payable hereunder by the Company; and

         (3)      the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture have been complied with.

         Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 607, the obligations of
the Company to any Authenticating Agent under Section 614 and, if money shall
have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (b) of Clause (1) of
this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the last
paragraph of Section 1003 shall survive.

         SECTION 402. APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY. Subject to the provisions of
the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Section 401 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance
with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either
directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own
Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of
the principal and any premium and interest for whose payment such money has been
deposited with the Trustee.

                                   ARTICLE 5.

                                    REMEDIES

         SECTION 501. EVENTS OF DEFAULT. Event of Default, wherever used herein
with respect to Securities of any series, means any of the following events
(whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary
or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment,
decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any
administrative or governmental body):

         (1)      default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of
that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for
a period of 30 days; or

         (2)      default in the payment of the principal of or any premium on
any Security of that series when due, whether at its Maturity, upon acceleration
or otherwise; or

                                       29
<PAGE>

         (3)      default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and
as due by the terms of a Security of that series; or

         (4)      default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant,
agreement or warranty of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of the
Security in this Indenture (other than a covenant, agreement or warranty a
default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section
specifically dealt with or which has expressly been included in this Indenture
solely for the benefit of series of Securities other than that series), and
continuance of such default or breach for a period of 90 days after there has
been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to
the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of that series a written notice specifying such
default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice
is a Notice of Default hereunder; or

         (5)      the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of
(A) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary
case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization or other similar law or (B) a decree or order adjudging the
Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition
seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect
of the Company under any applicable Federal or State law, or appointing a
custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other
similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or
ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of
any such decree or order for relief or any such other decree or order unstayed
and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or

         (6) the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case or proceeding
under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or
other similar law or of any other case or proceeding to be adjudicated a
bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the entry of a decree or order
for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under
any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other
similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or
proceeding against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent
seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable Federal or State law, or
the consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or
taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part
of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of
creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts
generally as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company
in furtherance of any such action; or

         (7) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of
that series.

         SECTION 502. ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT. If an
Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 501(5) or
501(6)) with respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs
and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not
less than 25% in principal

                                       30
<PAGE>

amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal
amount of all the Securities of that series (or, if any Securities of that
series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal
amount of such Securities as may be specified by the terms thereof) to be due
and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the
Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal
amount (or specified amount) shall become immediately due and payable. If an
Event of Default specified in Section 501(5) or 501(6) with respect to
Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs, the principal amount of
all the Securities of that series (or, if any Securities of that series are
Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount of such
Securities as may be specified by the terms thereof) shall automatically, and
without any declaration or other action on the part of the Trustee or any
Holder, become immediately due and payable.

         At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this
Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company and the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if:

         (1)      the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum
sufficient to pay;

                  (A)      all overdue interest on all Securities of that
         series,

                  (B)      the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any
         Securities of that series which have become due otherwise than by such
         declaration or acceleration and any interest thereon at the rate or
         rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,

                  (C)      to the extent that payment of such interest is
         lawful, interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed
         therefor in such Securities, and

                  (D)      all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder
         and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances
         of the Trustee, its agents and counsel; and

         (2)      all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that
series other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series
which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been
cured or waived as provided in Section 513.

         No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any
right consequent thereon.

         SECTION 503. COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT;
TRUSTEE. The Company covenants that if:

         (1)      default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security
when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a
period of 30 days; or

                                       31
<PAGE>

         (2)      default is made in the payment of the principal of (or
premium, if any, on) any Security whether at the Maturity or upon acceleration
or otherwise thereof;

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the
Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such
Securities for principal and any premium and interest and, to the extent that
payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue
principal and premium and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates
prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further
amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection,
including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of
the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

         If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs
and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and
enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by
such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual
to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of
any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any
power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

         SECTION 504. TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM. In case of any judicial
proceeding relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities),
its property or its creditors, the Trustee shall be entitled and empowered, by
intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, to take any and all actions
authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to have claims of the Holders
and the Trustee allowed in any such proceeding. In particular, the Trustee shall
be authorized to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or
deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian,
receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official
in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such
payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the
making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any
amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the
Trustee under Section 607.

         No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee
to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan
of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the
Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to
vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; provided,
however, that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the election
of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member of a creditors'
or other similar committee.

         SECTION 505. TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF
SECURITIES. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the
Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession
of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating
thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in
its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall,
after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses,

                                       32
<PAGE>

disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the
ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such
judgment has been recovered.

         SECTION 506. APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED. Any money collected by the
Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the
date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such
money on account of principal or any premium or interest, upon presentation of
the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid
and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

         First, to the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 607;
and

         Second, subject to Article Fourteen, to the payment of the amounts then
due and unpaid for principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities
in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected,
ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts
due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest,
respectively.

         Third, to the Company or any other Person or Persons entitled thereto.

         SECTION 507.  LIMITATION ON SUITS.

         No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to
institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture,
or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy
hereunder, unless:

         (1)      such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee
of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that series;

         (2)      the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written request to the
Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own
name as Trustee hereunder;

         (3)      such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable
indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in
compliance with such request;

         (4)      the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice,
request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

         (5)      no direction inconsistent with such written request has been
given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of
such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or

                                       33
<PAGE>

preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this
Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable
benefit of all of such Holders.

         SECTION 508. UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PRINCIPAL,
PREMIUM AND INTEREST AND TO CONVERT. Notwithstanding any other provision in this
Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute
and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and any premium and
(subject to Section 307) interest on such Security on the respective Stated
Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the
Redemption Date) and to convert such Security in accordance with the provisions
in the form of Security of any particular series pursuant to Section 301(9) and
to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and right to convert,
and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

         SECTION 509. RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES. If the Trustee or any
Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this
Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason,
or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in
every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company,
the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to
their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the
Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been
instituted.

         SECTION 510. RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE. Except as otherwise
provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 306, no right or
remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is
intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and
remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to
every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law
or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy
hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or
employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

         SECTION 511. DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER. No delay or omission of the
Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy
accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or
constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein.
Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the
Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed
expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.

         SECTION 512. CONTROL BY HOLDERS. The Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have the right to
direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy
available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the
Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such series, provided that:

         (1)      such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law
or with this Indenture;

                                       34
<PAGE>

         (2)      the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the
Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; and

         (3)      subject to the provisions of Section 601, the Trustee shall
have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good
faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or Officers of the Trustee, determine that
the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability.

         SECTION 513. WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS. The Holders of not less than a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may on
behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series waive any past
default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except a
default:

         (1)      in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest
on any Security of such series, or

         (2)      in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under
Article Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of
each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

         Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event
of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every
purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or
other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

         SECTION 514. UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS. In any suit for the enforcement of
any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for
any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, a court may require any
party litigant in such suit to file an undertaking to pay the costs of such
suit, and may assess costs against any such party litigant, in the manner and to
the extent provided in the Trust Indenture Act; provided that neither this
Section nor the Trust Indenture Act shall be deemed to authorize any court to
require such an undertaking or to make such an assessment in any suit instituted
by the Company.

                                   ARTICLE 6.

                                   THE TRUSTEE

         SECTION 601. CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES. The Trustee, prior to
the occurrence of an Event of Default and after the curing or waiving of all
Events of Default which may have occurred, undertakes to perform such duties and
only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture. In case an
Event of Default to the actual knowledge of a Responsible Officer of the Trustee
has occurred, has not been waived and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise
such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same
degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or
use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.

                                       35
<PAGE>

         No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the
Trustee from liability for its own negligent actions, its own negligent failure
to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:

         (1)      prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default and after the
curing or waiving of all such Events of Default which may have occurred;

                  (a)      the duties and obligations of the Trustee shall be
         determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture, and the
         Trustee shall not be liable except for the performance of such duties
         and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no
         implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture
         against the Trustee; and

                  (b)      in the absence of bad faith on the part of the
         Trustee, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the
         statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon
         any statements, certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and
         conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of
         any such statements, certificates or opinions which by any provision
         hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the
         Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether
         or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture;

         (2)      the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made
in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee,
unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the
pertinent facts; and

         (3)      the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action
taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
direction of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Securities at the time outstanding relating to the time, method and place of
conducting a proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture.

None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to
expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in
the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or
powers, if there shall be reasonable ground for believing that the repayment of
such funds or adequate indemnity against such liability is not reasonably
assured to it.

         This Section is in furtherance of and subject to Sections 315 and 316
of the Trust Indenture Act.

         SECTION 602. NOTICE OF DEFAULTS. If a default occurs and is continuing
with respect to the Securities of any series and if it is known to a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall give the Holders of the Securities of
such series, notice of such default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later,
after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such default. Except
in the case of a default in payment of principal of, premium on or interest on
any Security of any series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long
as its corporate

                                       36
<PAGE>

trust committee or a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith
determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the Holders of
Securities of that series. For purposes of this Section, the term default means
any event that is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an
Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series.

         SECTION 603. CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE. Subject to the provisions of
Section 601:

         (1)      the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be fully protected
in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond,
debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document
believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper
party or parties;

         (2)      any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall
be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order, and any
resolution of the Board of Directors shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board
Resolution;

         (3)      whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee
shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking,
suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence
be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part,
rely upon an Officers' Certificate;

         (4)      the Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such
counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder
in good faith and in reliance thereon;

         (5)      the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of
the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction
of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have
offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs,
expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such
request or direction;

         (6)      the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into
the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent order, bond,
debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but
the Trustee, in its discretion may make such further inquiry or investigation
into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall
determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to
examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent
or attorney at the sole cost and expense of the Company;

         (7)      the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder
or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
negligence on the part of, or for the supervision of, any agent or attorney
appointed with due care by it hereunder;

                                       37
<PAGE>

         (8)      in the event the Trustee is also acting as Paying Agent,
Authenticating Agent or Security Registrar hereunder, the rights and protections
afforded to the Trustee pursuant to this Indenture shall also be afforded to
such Paying Agent, Authenticating Agent or Security Registrar;

         (9)      the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of an Event of
Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee obtains actual knowledge of
such event or the Trustee receives written notice of such event from the Company
or from Holders of Securities of any series so affected evidencing no less than
51% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of Securities of such series;
and

         (10)     without prejudice to any other rights available to the Trustee
under applicable law, when the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in
connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 501(5) or Section
501(6), such expenses (including the fees and expenses of its counsel) and the
compensation for such services are intended to constitute expenses of
administration under any bankruptcy or insolvency law.

         SECTION 604. NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES.
The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee's
certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company,
and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility
for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity
or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. Neither the Trustee nor
any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the
Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

         SECTION 605. MAY HOLD SECURITIES. The Trustee, any Authenticating
Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any other agent of the
Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or
pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 608 and 613, may otherwise deal
with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee,
Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other agent.

         SECTION 606. MONEY HELD IN TRUST. Money held by the Trustee in trust
hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required
by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money
received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Company.

         SECTION 607.  COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT.  The Company agrees:

         (1)      to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable
compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall
not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a
trustee of an express trust);

         (2)      except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse
the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and
advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of
this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and

                                       38
<PAGE>

the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such
expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its negligence or bad
faith; and

         (3)      to indemnify the Trustee and its officers, directors, agents,
and employees for, and to hold it and its officers, directors, agents, and
employees harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without
negligence or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection with the
acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the
costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim or liability in
connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties
hereunder.

         As security for the performance of the obligations of the Company under
this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities upon all
property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held
in trust for the benefit of the Holders of particular Securities.

         SECTION 608. CONFLICTING INTERESTS. If the Trustee has or shall acquire
a conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act, the
Trustee shall either eliminate such interest or resign, to the extent and in the
manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act
and this Indenture. To the extent permitted by such Act, the Trustee shall not
be deemed to have a conflicting interest by virtue of being a trustee under this
Indenture with respect to Securities of more than one series.

         SECTION 609. CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY. There shall at
all times be a Trustee hereunder, which may be Trustee hereunder for Securities
of one or more other series. Each Trustee shall be a Person that is eligible
pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and has a combined capital
and surplus of at least $50,000,000 and has its Corporate Trust Office in the
City of New York. If any such Person publishes reports of condition at least
annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of its supervising or examining
authority, then for the purposes of this Section and to the extent permitted by
the Trust Indenture Act, the combined capital and surplus of such Person shall
be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent
report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any series shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with
the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

         SECTION 610. RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR. No
resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee
pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of
appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable
requirements of Section 611.

         The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of
one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the
instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 611 shall
not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such
notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series.

                                       39
<PAGE>

         The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities
of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the
Company.

         If at any time:

         (1)      the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 608 after
written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona
fide Holder of a Security for at least six months,

         (2)      the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 609 and
shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any
such Holder, or

         (3)      the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be
adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property
shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the
Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation,
conservation or liquidation;

then, in any such case, (A) the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the
Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (B) subject to Section 514, any
Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months
may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court
of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all
Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

         If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting,
or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect
to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution,
shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the
Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor
Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of
such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to
the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section 611. If, within one year after such resignation, removal
or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by act of the Holders
of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series
delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so
appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance
with the applicable requirements of Section 611, become the successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the
successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or
the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 611, any
Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least
six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition
any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series.

                                       40
<PAGE>

         The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of
the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of
a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to all Holders
of Securities of such series in the manner provided in Section 106. Each notice
shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of such series and the address of its corporate trust office.

         SECTION 611. ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR. In case of the
appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities,
every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver
to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such
appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee
shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed
or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and
duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the
successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges,
execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the
rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder.

         In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the
retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of
one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall
contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and
confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2)
if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall
contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm
that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with
respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring
Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or
in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the
same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts
hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by
any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental
indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become
effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor
Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such
retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor
Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with
respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of
such successor Trustee relates.

         Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute
any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming
to such successor Trustee all

                                       41
<PAGE>

such rights, powers and trusts referred to in the first or second preceding
paragraph, as the case may be.

         No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of
such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under
this Article. No trustee hereunder shall be liable for the acts or omissions of
any successor Trustee.

         SECTION 612. MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO
BUSINESS. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or
with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such
corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger,
conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect
as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

         SECTION 613. PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY. If and
when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or any other
obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of
the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against the Company
(or any such other obligor).

         SECTION 614. APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT. The Trustee may
appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series of
Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to
authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original issue and upon
exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or pursuant to
Section 306, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits
of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if
authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this
Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the
Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to
include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of
the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and
doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof
or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating
Agent, having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and
subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authority. If such
Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant
to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then
for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such
Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as
set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately
in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

                                       42
<PAGE>

         Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or
corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an
Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible
under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further
act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

         An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give notice of such
appointment by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of Securities
of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve. Any
successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder
shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor
hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent.
No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the
provisions of this Section.

         The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to
time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section. If an
appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to this Section,
the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in addition to the
Trustee's certificate of authentication, an alternative certificate of
authentication in the following form:

                  This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein
         referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                             __________, as Trustee

                                             By:________________________________
                                                   As Authenticating Agent

                                             By:________________________________
                                                     Authorized Officer

                                   ARTICLE 7.

                HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

         SECTION 701. COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS.
The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee,

                                       43
<PAGE>

         (1)      semi-annually, not later than June 30 and December 31 in each
year, a list in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names
and addresses of the Holders of Securities of each series as of the preceding
June 30 or December 31 as the case may be; and

         (2)      at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing,
within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of
similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time
such list is furnished;

excluding from any such list names and addresses received by the Trustee in its
capacity as Security Registrar.

         SECTION 702. PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS TO HOLDERS.
The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable,
the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent list furnished
to the Trustee as provided in Section 701 and the names and addresses of Holders
received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar. The Trustee may
destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 701 upon receipt of a
new list so furnished.

         The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to
their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding
rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust
Indenture Act.

         Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees
with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor
any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of any
disclosure of information as to names and addresses of Holders made pursuant to
the Trust Indenture Act.

         SECTION 703. REPORTS BY TRUSTEE. The Trustee shall transmit to the
Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture
as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the
manner provided pursuant thereto.

         Reports so required to be transmitted at stated intervals of not more
than 12 months shall be transmitted no later than _______ in each calendar year,
commencing in ______.

         A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to
Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any
Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company
will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange.

                                   ARTICLE 8.

                    CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE OF ASSETS

                                       44
<PAGE>
         SECTION 801. CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE OF ASSETS BY THE COMPANY.
The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person or sell,
assign, convey or transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of
its properties and assets to any Person, unless:

                  (a)      the Person formed by such consolidation or into which
         the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or
         transfer the properties and assets of the Company shall be a Person
         organized and validly existing under the laws of the United States of
         America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, and shall
         expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and
         delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due
         and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and
         interest on all the Notes and the performance of every covenant of this
         Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed;

                  (b)      immediately after giving effect to such transaction,
         no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time,
         or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be
         continuing; and

                  (c)      the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel each stating that such
         consolidation, merger, conveyance or transfer and such supplemental
         indenture comply with paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section 801 and
         that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such
         transaction have been complied with.

         SECTION 802. SUCCESSOR SUBSTITUTED. Upon any consolidation of the
Company with, or merger of the Company into, any other Person or any conveyance
or transfer of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the
Company in accordance with Section 801, the successor Person formed by such
consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance or
transfer is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise
every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect
as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter
the predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under
this Indenture and the Securities.

                                   ARTICLE 9.

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

         SECTION 901. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS.
Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a Board
Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into
one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee,
for any of the following purposes:

                                       45
<PAGE>

         (1)      to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company
and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company herein
and in the Securities;

         (2)      to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the
Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for
the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants
are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to
surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;

         (3)      to add any additional Events of Default for the benefit of
the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such additional Events of
Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating
that such additional Events of Default are expressly being included solely for
the benefit of such series);

         (4)      to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture
to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of
Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and
with or without interest coupons, or to permit or facilitate the issuance of
Securities in uncertificated form;

         (5)      to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this
Indenture in respect to one or more series of Securities, provided that any such
addition, change or elimination (A) shall neither (i) apply to any Security or
series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and
entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii) modify the rights of the
Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or (B) shall become
effective only when there is no such Security Outstanding;

         (6)      to secure the Securities;

         (7)      to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as
permitted by Sections 201 and 301;

         (8)      to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment
hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more
series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall
be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 611;

         (9)      subject to Section 907, to add to, change or eliminate any of
the provisions of Article Fourteen or change the definition of Senior
Indebtedness in respect of one or more series of Securities, including
Outstanding Securities;

         (10)     to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision
herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein,
or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising
under this Indenture, provided that such action pursuant to this Clause (10)
shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any
series in any material respect; or

                                       46
<PAGE>

         (11)     to make provisions with respect to the conversion rights of
Holders, including providing for the conversion of the Securities into any
security or securities of the Company.

         SECTION 902. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS. With the
consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture,
by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company,
when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an
indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any
provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of
this Indenture, or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of
Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such
supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security affected thereby:

         (1)      change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any
installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce the
principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon (including any change
in the index, indices or formula pursuant to which such rate is determined that
would reduce such rate for any period) or any premium payable upon the
redemption thereof, change the right to convert any Security in accordance with
the provisions in the form of such Security pursuant to Section 301(9) hereof,
or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security or
any other Security which would be due and payable upon a declaration of
acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502, or change any
Place of Payment where, or the coin or currency in which, any Security or any
premium or interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit
for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof
(or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date) or any such
right to convert, or modify the provisions of this Indenture with respect to the
subordination of the Securities in a manner adverse to the Holders, or

         (2)      reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any such
supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any
waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain
defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or

         (3)      modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 513 or
Section 1008, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain
other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the
consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby; provided,
however, that this clause shall not be deemed to require the consent of any
Holder with respect to changes in the references to the Trustee and concomitant
changes in this Section and Section 1008, or the deletion of this proviso, in
accordance with the requirements of Sections 611 and 901(8).

         A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or
other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for
the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies
the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such
covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

                                       47
<PAGE>

         It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall
be sufficient if such Act of Holders shall approve the substance thereof.

         SECTION 903. EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. In executing, or
accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted
by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this
Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section
601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating
that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by
this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any
such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

         SECTION 904. EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. Upon the execution of
any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified
in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of
this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities theretofore or
thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.

         SECTION 905. CONFORMITY WITH THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT. Every
supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.

         SECTION 906. REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE.
Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by
the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter
provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine,
new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the
Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and
executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in
exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

         SECTION 907. SUBORDINATION UNIMPAIRED. No provision in any supplemental
indenture that affects the superior position of holders of Senior Indebtedness
shall be effective against holders of Senior Indebtedness.

                                   ARTICLE 10.

                                    COVENANTS

         SECTION 1001. PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST. The Company
covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of Securities that it will
duly and punctually pay the principal of and any premium and interest on the
Securities in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture.

                                       48
<PAGE>

         SECTION 1002. MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY. The Company will
maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an office or
agency where Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for
payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of
transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in
respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. The
Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any
change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company
shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to
furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all
such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

         The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other
offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented
or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind
such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission
shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office
or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such
purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such
designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other
office or agency.

         SECTION 1003. MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST. If the
Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series
of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of or any
premium or interest on any of the Securities of that series, segregate and hold
in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay
the principal and any premium and interest so becoming due until such sums shall
be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will
promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

         Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any
series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of or any
premium or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying
Agent a sum sufficient to pay such amount, such sum to be held as provided by
the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the
Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

         The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities
other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in
which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section, that such Paying Agent will (1) comply with the provisions of
the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent and (2) during the
continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the
Securities of that series) in the making of any payment in respect of the
Securities of that series, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith
pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent for payment in
respect of the Securities of that series.

         The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any

                                       49
<PAGE>

Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or
such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as
those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and,
upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be
released from all further liability with respect to such money.

         Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held
by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of or any premium or
interest on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years
after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable shall be
paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall
be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter,
as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof,
and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust
money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon
cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being
required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to
be published once, in a newspaper published in the English language, customarily
published on each Business Day and of general circulation in the Borough of
Manhattan, The City of New York, notice that such money remains unclaimed and
that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from
the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining
will be repaid to the Company.

         SECTION 1004. COMMISSION REPORTS. The Company shall deliver to the
Trustee, within 15 days after it files them with the Commission, copies of the
annual reports and of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies
of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may by rules and
regulations prescribe) which the Company is required to file with the Commission
pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Company also shall
comply with the other provisions of Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

         Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is
for informational purposes only and the Trustee's receipt of such shall not
constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or
determinable from information contained therein, including the Company's
compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is
entitled to rely exclusively on Officers' Certificates).

         SECTION 1005.  COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE.

         (1)      The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days
after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an Officers' Certificate
stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries
during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the
officers signing the Officers' Certificate, with a view to determining whether
the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under
this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such officer signing such
Officers' Certificate, that to the best of his knowledge the Company has kept,
observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant (without regard to
periods of grace or notice requirements) contained in this Indenture and is not
in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and
conditions hereof

                                       50
<PAGE>

(or, if a Event of Default shall have occurred, describing all such Events of
Default of which he may have knowledge).

         (2)      The Company will, so long as any of the Securities are
outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, forthwith upon becoming aware of any Event
of Default, an Officers' Certificate specifying such Event of Default and what
action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.

         SECTION 1006. STAY, EXTENSION AND USURY LAWS. The Company covenants (to
the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon,
plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of,
any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter
in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture or
the Securities; and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby
expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it
will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of
any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the
execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.

         SECTION 1007. CORPORATE EXISTENCE. Subject to Article Eight, the
Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in
full force and effect its corporate existence and the corporate, partnership or
other existence of each Significant Subsidiary in accordance with the respective
organizational documents of each Significant Subsidiary and the rights (charter
and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company and its Significant
Subsidiaries; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to
preserve any such right, license or franchise, or the corporate, partnership or
other existence of any Significant Subsidiary, if the Board of Directors shall
determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of
the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole and that the
loss thereof is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders.

         SECTION 1008. WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS. Except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of such series, the
Company may, with respect to the Securities of any series, omit in any
particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth in
any covenant provided pursuant to Section 301(19), 901(2) or 901(7) for the
benefit of the Holders of such series, if before the time for such compliance
the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of such series shall, by Act of such Holders, either waive such
compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such term,
provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term,
provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such
waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of
the Trustee in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in
full force and effect.

         SECTION 1009. TAXES. The Company shall, and shall cause each of its
Significant Subsidiaries to, pay prior to delinquency all taxes, assessments and
governmental levies, except as contested in good faith and by appropriate
proceedings.

                                       51
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE 11.

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

         SECTION 1101. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE. Securities of any series which
are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance
with their terms and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section
301 for such Securities) in accordance with this Article.

         SECTION 1102. ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE. The election of
the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution or
in another manner specified as contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities.
In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of less than all the
Securities of any series (including any such redemption affecting only a single
Security), the Company shall, at least 60 days prior to the Redemption Date
fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the
Trustee), notify the Trustee in writing of such Redemption Date, of the
principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and, if applicable,
of the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of
Securities (a) prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption
provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, or (b)
pursuant to an election of the Company which is subject to a condition specified
in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company
shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance
with such restriction or condition.

         SECTION 1103. SELECTION OF TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED. If
less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed (unless all the
Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed or unless
such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular Securities to be
redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by
the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series not previously
called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and
appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of a portion
of the principal amount of any Security of such series, provided that the
unredeemed portion of the principal amount of any Security shall be in an
authorized denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized
denomination) for such Security. If less than all the Securities of such series
and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed (unless such redemption affects only
a single Security), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected
not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the
Outstanding Securities of such series and specified tenor not previously called
for redemption in accordance with the preceding sentence.

         The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the
Securities selected for redemption as aforesaid and, in case of any Securities
selected for partial redemption as aforesaid, the principal amount thereof to be
redeemed.

         The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall not apply with
respect to any redemption affecting only a single Security, whether such
Security is to be redeemed in whole or in part. In the case of any such
redemption in part, the unredeemed portion of the principal

                                       52
<PAGE>

amount of the Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not
be less than the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security.

         For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise
requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate,
in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the
portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be
redeemed.

         SECTION 1104. NOTICE OF REDEMPTION. Notice of redemption shall be given
by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed not less than 30 nor more than 60
days prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed,
at his address appearing in the Security Register.

         All notices of redemption shall state:

         (1)      the Redemption Date,

         (2)      the Redemption Price, or if not then ascertainable, the manner
of calculation thereof,

         (3)      if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series
consisting of more than a single Security are to be redeemed, the identification
(and, in the case of partial redemption of any such Securities, the principal
amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed and, if less than all the
Outstanding Securities of any series consisting of a single Security are to be
redeemed, the principal amount of the particular Security to be redeemed,

         (4)      that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become
due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if applicable, that
interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date,

         (5)      the place or places where each such Security is to be
surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price, and

         (6)      that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the
case.

         Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of
the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.

         SECTION 1105. DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE. Prior to any Redemption
Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if
the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as
provided in Section 1003) an amount of money sufficient to pay the Redemption
Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date)
accrued interest on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.

                                       53
<PAGE>

         SECTION 1106. SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE. Notice of
redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed
shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price
therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall
default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such
Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such Security for
redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the
Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the
Redemption Date; provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301, installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is
on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such
Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the
close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the
provisions of Section 307.

         If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until
paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in
the Security.

         SECTION 1107. SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART. Any Security which is to be
redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with,
if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written
instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly
executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and
the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the
Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities of
the same series and of like tenor, of any authorized denomination as requested
by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the
unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered.

                                   ARTICLE 12.

                                  SINKING FUNDS

         SECTION 1201. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE. The provisions of this Article
shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of any
series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for such
Securities.

         The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the
terms of any Securities is herein referred to as a mandatory sinking fund
payment, and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the
terms of such Securities is herein referred to as an optional sinking fund
payment. If provided for by the terms of any Securities, the cash amount of any
sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202.
Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities as
provided for by the terms of such Securities.

         SECTION 1202. SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES.
The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other than

                                       54
<PAGE>

any previously called for redemption) and (2) may apply as a credit Securities
of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company
pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted
optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each
case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect
to any Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of
such Securities as and to the extent provided for by the terms of such
Securities; provided that the Securities to be so credited have not been
previously so credited. The Securities to be so credited shall be received and
credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price, as specified
in the Securities so to be redeemed, for redemption through operation of the
sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

         SECTION 1203. REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND. Not less than
60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Securities, the Company
will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate specifying the amount of
the next ensuing sinking fund payment for such Securities pursuant to the terms
of such Securities, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by
payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by
delivering and crediting Securities pursuant to Section 1202 and stating the
basis for such credit and that such Securities have not been previously so
credited and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered.
Not less than 30 days prior to each such sinking fund payment date, the Trustee
shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date
in the manner specified in Section 1103 and cause notice of the redemption
thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the
manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice having been duly given, the
redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner
stated in Sections 1106 and 1107.

                                   ARTICLE 13.

                       DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

         SECTION 1301. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE; COMPANY'S OPTION TO ELECT
DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE. Unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section
301, this Article Thirteen shall be applicable to the Securities of such series,
and the Company may at its option by Board Resolution, at any time, with respect
to the Securities of such series, elect to have either Section 1302 (if
applicable) or Section 1303 (if applicable) be applied to the Outstanding
Securities of such series upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in
this Article Thirteen.

         SECTION 1302. DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE. Upon the Company's exercise of
its option (if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities or any series
of Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall be deemed to have been
discharged from its obligations, and the provisions of Article Fourteen shall
cease to be effective, with respect to such Securities as provided in this
Section on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 1304 are
satisfied (hereinafter called "Defeasance"). For this purpose, such Defeasance
means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire
indebtedness represented by such Securities and to have satisfied all its other
obligations under such Securities and this Indenture

                                       55
<PAGE>

insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the
Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), subject to
the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged
hereunder; (1) the rights of Holders of such Securities to receive, solely from
the trust fund described in Section 1304 and as more fully set forth in such
Section, payments in respect of the principal of and any premium and interest on
such Securities when payments are due, (2) the Company's obligations with
respect to such Securities under Sections 304, 305, 306, 1002 and 1003, (3) the
rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder, and (4)
this Article. Subject to compliance with this Article, the Company may exercise
its option (if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities
notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option (if any) to have Section 1303
applied to such Securities.

         SECTION 1303. COVENANT DEFEASANCE. Upon the Company's exercise of its
option (if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities or any series of
Securities, as the case may be, (1) the Company shall be released from its
obligations under Sections 801, and any other Sections or covenants applicable
to such Securities that are determined pursuant to Section 301 to be subject to
this provision, and any covenants provided pursuant to Section 301(19), 901(2)
or 901(7) for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities; (2) the occurrence
of any event specified in Section 501(3) (with respect to Sections 801 and any
other Sections or covenants applicable to such Securities that are determined
pursuant to Section 301 to be subject to this provision, and any such covenants
provided pursuant to Sections 301(19), 901(2) or 901(7)) and 501(7) shall be
deemed not to be or result in an Event of Default; and (3) the provisions of
Article Fourteen shall cease to be effective, in each case with respect to such
Securities as provided in this Section on and after the date the conditions set
forth in Section 1304 are satisfied (hereinafter called "Covenant Defeasance").
For this purpose, such "Covenant Defeasance" means that, with respect to such
Securities, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in
respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such specified
Section (to the extent so specified in the case of Section 501(3) or Article
Fourteen), whether directly or indirectly by reason of any reference elsewhere
herein to any such Section or Article or by reason of any reference in any such
Section or Article to any other provision herein or in any other document, but
the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

         SECTION 1304. CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE. The
following shall be the conditions to the application of Section 1302 or Section
1303 to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be:

         (1)      The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be
deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee which satisfies the requirements
contemplated by Section 609 and agrees to comply with the provisions of this
Article applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the
following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely
to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, (A) in the case of Securities
of such series denominated in U.S. dollars, (i) money in an amount, (ii) U.S.
Government Obligations that through the scheduled payment of principal and
interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not
later than one day before the due date of any payment, money in an amount, or
(iii) a combination thereof, in each case sufficient, in the opinion of a
nationally

                                       56
<PAGE>

recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written
certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which
shall be applied by the Trustee (or any such other qualifying trustee) to pay
and discharge, the principal of and any premium and interest on such Securities
on the respective Stated Maturities or on the applicable Redemption Date or
Dates, in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such Securities. As
used herein, U.S. "Government Obligation" means (x) any security that is (i) a
direct obligation of the United States of America for the payment of which the
full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged or (ii) an
obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or
instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of which is
unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United
States of America, which, in either case (i) or (ii), is not callable or
redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and (y) any depositary receipt
issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act) as
custodian with respect to any U.S. Government Obligation which is specified in
Clause (x) above and held by such bank for the account of the holder of such
depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of principal of or
interest on any U.S. Government Obligation which is so specified and held,
provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to
make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary
receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S.
Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal or interest evidenced
by such depositary receipt or (B) in the case of Securities of such series
denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar, (i) money in such currency
in an amount, or (ii) Foreign Government Obligations that through the scheduled
payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their
terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment,
money in such currency in an amount, or (iii) a combination thereof, in each
case sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent
public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the
Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or any
such other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, the principal of and any
premium and interest on the Securities of such series on the respective Stated
Maturities or on the applicable Redemption Date or Dates, in accordance with the
terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such series. As used herein,
"Foreign Government Obligation" means (x) any security that is (i) a direct
obligation of the government that issued such currency for the payment of which
full faith and credit of such government is pledged or (ii) an obligation of a
Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality
for such government the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full
faith and credit obligation by such government, which, in either case (i) or
(ii), is not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and (y)
any depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the
Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any Foreign Government Obligation
which is specified in clause (x) and held by such bank for the account of the
holder of such depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of
principal of or interest on any such Foreign Government Obligation which is so
specified and held, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is
not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of
such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of
the Foreign Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal or
interest evidenced by such depositary receipt.

                                       57
<PAGE>

         (2)      In the event of an election to have Section 1302 apply to any
Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall
have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that (A) the Company
has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service
a ruling or (B) since the date of this instrument, there has been a change in
the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case (A) or (B) to the effect
that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such
Securities will not recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a
result of the deposit, Defeasance and discharge to be effected with respect to
such Securities and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in
the same manner and at the same times as would be the case if such deposit,
Defeasance and discharge were not to occur.

         (3)      In the event of an election to have Section 1303 apply to any
Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall
have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the
Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for Federal income
tax purposes as a result of the deposit and Covenant Defeasance to be effected
with respect to such Securities and will be subject to Federal income tax on the
same amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would be the case if
such deposit and Covenant Defeasance were not to occur.

         (4)      The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer's
Certificate to the effect that neither such Securities nor any other Securities
of the same series, if then listed on any securities exchange, will be delisted
as a result of such deposit.

         (5)      No event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both
would become, an Event of Default with respect to such Securities shall have
occurred and be continuing at the time of such deposit or, with regard to any
such event specified in Sections 501(5) and (6) at any time on or prior to the
90th day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition
shall not be deemed satisfied until after such 90th day).

         (6)      Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not cause the
Trustee to have a conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture
Act (assuming all Securities are in default within the meaning of such Act).

         (7)      Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a
breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other agreement or
instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound.

         (8)      Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in the
trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within the
meaning of the Investment Company Act unless such trust shall be registered
under such Act or exempt from registration thereunder.

         (9)      At the time of such deposit, (A) no default in the payment of
any principal of or premium or interest on any Senior Indebtedness shall have
occurred and be continuing, (B) no event of default with respect to any Senior
Indebtedness shall have resulted in such Senior Indebtedness becoming, and
continuing to be, due and payable prior to the date on which it

                                       58
<PAGE>

would otherwise have become due and payable (unless payment of such Senior
Indebtedness has been made or duly provided for) and (C) no other event of
default with respect to any Senior Indebtedness shall have occurred and be
continuing permitting (after notice or lapse of time or both) the holders of
such Senior Indebtedness (or a trustee on behalf of such holders) to declare
such Senior Indebtedness due and payable prior to the date on which it would
otherwise have become due and payable.

         (10)     If the Securities are to be redeemed prior to the Stated
Maturity (other than from mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous
payments), notice of such redemption shall have been duly given pursuant to this
Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been
made.

         (11)     The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent with respect to such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance have been
complied with.

         SECTION 1305. DEPOSITED MONEY AND U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE
HELD IN TRUST; MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. Subject to the provisions of the last
paragraph of Section 1003, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign
Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the
Trustee or other qualifying trustee (solely for purposes of this Section and
Section 1306, the Trustee and any such other trustee are referred to
collectively as the Trustee) pursuant to Section 1304 in respect of any
Securities shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with
the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either
directly or through any such Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its
own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such
Securities, of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal
and any premium and interest, but money so held in trust need not be segregated
from other funds except to the extent required by law. Money, U.S. Government
Obligations and Foreign Government Obligations so held in trust shall not be
subject to the provisions of Article Fourteen.

         The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or
other charge imposed on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations or
Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 1304 or the
principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee
or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of Outstanding
Securities.

         Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee
shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any
money or U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held by
it as provided in Section 1304 with respect to any Securities that, in the
opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in
excess of an amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to
effect the Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as the case may be, with respect
to such Securities.

                                       59
<PAGE>

         SECTION 1306. REINSTATEMENT. If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is
unable to apply any money in accordance with this Article with respect to any
Securities by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental
authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then
the obligations under this Indenture and such Securities from which the Company
has been discharged or released pursuant to Section 1302 or 1303 shall be
revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this
Article with respect to such Securities, until such time as the Trustee or
Paying Agent is permitted to apply all money held in trust pursuant to Section
1305 with respect to such Securities in accordance with this Article; provided,
however, that if the Company makes any payment of principal of or any premium or
interest on any such Security following such reinstatement of its obligations,
the Company shall be subrogated to the rights (if any) of the Holders of such
Securities to receive such payment from the money so held in trust.

         SECTION 1307. QUALIFYING TRUSTEE. Any trustee appointed pursuant to
Section 1304 hereof for the purpose of holding trust funds deposited pursuant to
that Section shall be appointed under an agreement in form acceptable to the
Trustee and shall provide to the Trustee a certificate of such trustee, upon
which certificate the Trustee shall be entitled to conclusively rely, that all
conditions precedent provided for herein to the related Defeasance or Covenant
Defeasance have been complied with. In no event shall the Trustee be liable for
any acts or omissions of said trustee.

                                   ARTICLE 14.

                           SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

         SECTION 1401. DEBT SECURITIES SUBORDINATE TO SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS. The
Company covenants and agrees that anything in this Indenture or the Securities
of any series to the contrary notwithstanding, the indebtedness evidenced by the
Securities of each series and any coupons appurtenant thereto is subordinate and
junior in right to payment to all Senior Indebtedness to the extent provided
herein, and each Holder of Securities of each series and coupons appurtenant
thereto, by such Holder's acceptance thereof, likewise covenants and agrees to
the subordination herein provided and shall be bound by the provisions hereof.
Senior Indebtedness shall continue to be Senior Indebtedness and entitled to the
benefits of these subordination provisions irrespective of any amendment,
modification or waiver of any term of the Senior Indebtedness or extension or
renewal of the Senior Indebtedness.

         In the event that the Company shall default in the payment of any
principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior Indebtedness when
the same become due and payable, whether at maturity or at a date fixed for
prepayment or by declaration of acceleration or otherwise, then, upon written
notice of such default to the Company by the Holders of Senior Indebtedness or
any trustee therefor, unless and until such default shall have been cured or
waived or shall have ceased to exist, no direct or indirect payment (in cash,
property, securities, by set-off or otherwise) shall be made or agreed to be
made on account of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any of
the Securities, or in respect of any redemption, repayment, retirement, purchase
or other acquisition of any of the Securities.

                                       60
<PAGE>

         In the event of

         (1)      any insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership, liquidation,
reorganization, readjustment, composition or other similar proceeding relating
to the Company, its creditors or its property,

         (2)      any proceeding for the liquidation, dissolution or other
winding up of the Company, voluntary or involuntary, whether or not involving
insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings,

         (3)      any assignment by the Company for the benefit of creditors, or

         (4)      any other marshalling of the assets of the Company,

all Senior Indebtedness (including any interest thereon accruing after the
commencement of any such proceedings) shall first be paid in full before any
payment or distribution, whether in cash, securities or other property, shall be
made to any Holder of any of the Securities or coupons appurtenant thereto on
account thereof. Any payment or distribution, whether in cash, securities or
other property (other than securities of the Company or any other corporation
provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment the payment of which is
subordinate, at least to the extent provided in these subordination provisions
with respect to the indebtedness evidenced by the Securities, to the payment of
all Senior Indebtedness at the time outstanding and to any securities issued in
respect thereof under any such plan of reorganization or readjustment), which
would otherwise (but for these subordination provisions) be payable or
deliverable in respect of the Securities of any series or coupons appurtenant
thereto shall be paid or delivered directly to the Holders of Senior
Indebtedness in accordance with the priorities then existing among such Holders
until all Senior Indebtedness (including any interest thereon accruing after the
commencement of any such proceedings) shall have been paid in full. In the event
of any such proceeding, after payment in full of all sums owing with respect to
Senior Indebtedness, the Holders of the Securities and coupons appurtenant
thereto, together with the Holders of any obligations of the Company ranking on
a parity with the Securities, shall be entitled to be paid from the remaining
assets of the Company the amounts at the time due and owing on account of unpaid
principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities and such other
obligations before any payment or other distribution, whether in cash, property
or otherwise, shall be made on account of any capital stock or any obligations
of the Company ranking junior to the Securities and such other obligations.

         In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment or
distribution of any character or any security, whether in cash, securities or
other property (other than securities of the Company or any other corporation
provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment the payment of which is
subordinate, at least to the extent provided in these subordination provisions
with respect to the indebtedness evidenced by the Securities, to the payment of
all Senior Indebtedness at the time outstanding with respect to the indebtedness
evidenced by the Securities, to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness at the
time outstanding and to any securities issued in respect thereof under any such
plan of reorganization or readjustment), shall be

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<PAGE>

received by the Trustee or any Holder in contravention of any of the terms
hereof such payment or dissolution or security shall be received in trust for
the benefit of, and shall be paid over or delivered and transferred to, the
holders of the Senior Indebtedness at the time outstanding in accordance with
the priorities then existing among such holders for application to the payment
of all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid, to the extent necessary to pay all
such Senior Indebtedness in full. In the event of the failure of the Trustee or
any Holder to endorse or assign any such payment, distribution or security, each
holder of Senior Indebtedness is hereby irrevocably authorized to endorse or
assign the same.

         No present or future holder of any Senior Indebtedness shall be
prejudiced in the right to enforce subordination of the indebtedness evidenced
by the Securities by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company.
Nothing contained herein shall impair, as between the Company and the Holders of
Securities of each series the obligation of the Company to pay to such Holders
the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Securities and
coupons appurtenant thereto or prevent the Trustee or the Holder from exercising
all rights, powers and remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law or
hereunder upon a default or Event of Default hereunder, all subject to the
rights of the holders of the Senior Indebtedness to receive cash, securities or
other property otherwise payable or deliverable to the Holders.

         Senior Indebtedness shall not be deemed to have been paid in full
unless the holders thereof shall have received cash, securities or other
property equal to the amount of such Senior Indebtedness then outstanding. Upon
the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness, the Holders of Securities of
each series and coupons appurtenant thereto, if any, shall be subrogated to all
rights of any holders of Senior Indebtedness to receive any further payments or
distributions applicable to the Senior Indebtedness until the indebtedness
evidenced by the Securities of such series and coupons appertaining thereto, if
any, shall have been paid in full, and such payments or distributions received
by such Holders, by reason of such subrogation, of cash, securities or other
property which otherwise would be paid or distributed to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness, shall, as between the Company and its creditors other than the
holders of Senior Indebtedness, on the one hand, and such Holders, on the other
hand, be deemed to be a payment by the Company on account of Senior
Indebtedness, and not on account of the Securities of such series.

         The Trustee and Holders will take such action (including without
limitation, the delivery of this Indenture to an agent for the holders of Senior
Indebtedness or consent to the filing of a financing statement with respect
hereto) as may, in the opinion of counsel designated by the holders of a
majority in principal amount of the Senior Indebtedness at the time outstanding,
be necessary or appropriate to assure the effectiveness of the subordination
effected by these provisions.

         The provisions of this Section 1401 shall not impair any rights,
interests, remedies or powers of any secured creditor of the Company in respect
of any security interest the creation of which is not prohibited by the
provisions of this Indenture.

         The securing of any obligations of the Company, otherwise ranking on a
parity with the Securities or ranking junior to the Securities, shall not be
deemed to prevent such obligations

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<PAGE>

from constituting, respectively, obligations ranking on a parity with the
Securities or ranking junior to the Securities.

         SECTION 1402. TRUSTEE AND HOLDERS OF DEBT SECURITIES MAY RELY ON
CERTIFICATE OF LIQUIDATING AGENT; TRUSTEE MAY REQUIRE FURTHER EVIDENCE AS TO
OWNERSHIP OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS; TRUSTEE NOT FIDUCIARY TO HOLDERS OF SENIOR
INDEBTEDNESS. Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred
to in this Article Fourteen, the Trustee and the Holders shall be entitled to
rely upon an order or decree made by any court of competent jurisdiction in
which such dissolution or winding up or liquidation or reorganization or
arrangement proceedings are pending or upon a certificate of the trustee in
bankruptcy, receiver, assignee for the benefit of creditors or other Person
making such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders,
for the purpose of ascertaining the persons entitled to participate in such
distribution, the holders of the Senior Indebtedness and other indebtedness of
the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid
or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article
Fourteen. In the absence of any such bankruptcy trustee, receiver, assignee or
other Person, the Trustee shall be entitled to rely upon a written notice by a
Person representing himself or herself to be a holder of Senior Indebtedness (or
a trustee or representative on behalf of such holder) as evidence that such
Person is a holder of such Senior Indebtedness (or is such a trustee or
representative). In the event that the Trustee determines, in good faith, that
further evidence is required with respect to the right of any Person as a holder
of Senior Indebtedness to participate in any payments or distributions pursuant
to this Article Fourteen, the Trustee may request such person to furnish
evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amount of
Senior Indebtedness held by such Person, as to the extent to which such Person
is entitled to participate in such payment or distribution, and as to other
facts pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article Fourteen, and if
such evidence is not furnished, the Trustee may offer any payment to such Person
pending judicial determination as to the right of such Person to receive
payment. The Trustee, however, shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to
the holders of Senior Indebtedness.

         SECTION 1403. PAYMENT PERMITTED IF NO DEFAULT. Nothing contained in
this Article Fourteen or elsewhere in this Indenture, or in any of the
Securities, shall prevent (a) the Company at any time, except during the
pendency of any dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization
proceedings referred to in, or under the conditions described in Section 1401,
from making payments of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on the
Securities or (b) the application by the Trustee or any Paying Agent of any
moneys deposited with it hereunder to payments of the principal of or interest
on the Securities, if, at the time of such deposit, the Trustee or such Paying
Agent, as the case may be, did not have the written notice provided for in
Section 1404 of any event prohibiting the making of such deposit, or if, at the
time of such deposit (whether or not in trust) by the Company with the Trustee
or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) such payment would not have been
prohibited by the provisions of this Article, and the Trustee or any Paying
Agent shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary received by it on or
after such date.

                                       63
<PAGE>

         SECTION 1404. TRUSTEE NOT CHARGED WITH KNOWLEDGE OF PROHIBITION.
Anything in this Article Fourteen or elsewhere in this Indenture contained to
the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall not at any time be charged with
knowledge of the existence of any facts which would prohibit the making of any
payment of money to or by the Trustee and shall be entitled conclusively to
assume that no such facts exist and that no event specified in Section 1401 has
happened, until the Trustee shall have received an Officers' Certificate to that
effect or notice in writing to that effect signed by or on behalf of the holder
or holders, or their representatives, of Senior Indebtedness who shall have been
certified by the Company or otherwise established to the reasonable satisfaction
of the Trustee to be such holder or holders or representatives or from any
trustee under any indenture pursuant to which such Senior Indebtedness shall be
outstanding. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee and to
the Paying Agent of any facts which would prohibit the payment of money to or by
the Trustee or any Paying Agent.

         SECTION 1405. TRUSTEE TO EFFECTUATE SUBORDINATION. Each holder of
Securities or coupons by such Holder's acceptance thereof authorizes and directs
the Trustee on such Holder's behalf to take such action as may be necessary or
appropriate to effectuate the subordination as between such Holder and holders
of Senior Indebtedness as provided in this Article and appoints the Trustee its
attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes.

         SECTION 1406. RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE AS HOLDER OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS. The
Trustee shall be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article with
respect to any Senior Indebtedness which may at the time be held by it, to the
same extent as any other holder of Senior Indebtedness; provided that nothing in
this Article shall deprive the Trustee of any rights as such holder and
providing further than nothing in this Article shall apply to claims of, or
payments to, the Trustee under or pursuant to Section 607.

         SECTION 1407. ARTICLE APPLICABLE TO PAYING AGENTS. In case at any time
any Paying Agent other than the Trustee shall have been appointed by the Company
and be then acting hereunder, the term "Trustee" as used in this Article shall
in such case (unless the context shall otherwise require) be construed as
extending to and including such Paying Agent within its meaning as fully for all
intents and purposes as if the Paying Agent were named in this Article in
addition to or in place of the Trustee; provided, however, that Sections 1404
and 1406 shall not apply to the Company or any Affiliate of the Company if the
Company or such Affiliate acts as Paying Agent.

         SECTION 1408. SUBORDINATION RIGHTS NOT IMPAIRED BY ACTS OR OMISSIONS OF
THE COMPANY OR HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS. No right of any present or future
holders of any Senior Indebtedness to enforce subordination as herein provided
shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired by any act or failure to
act on the part of the Company or by any act or failure to act, in good faith,
by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by the Company with the terms,
provisions and covenants of this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof
which any such holder may have or be otherwise charged with. The holders of
Senior Indebtedness may, at any time or from time to time and in their absolute
discretion, change the manner, place or terms of payment, change or extend the
time of payment of, or renew or alter, any such Senior Indebtedness, or amend or
supplement any

                                       64
<PAGE>

instrument pursuant to which any such Senior Indebtedness is issued or by such
it may be secured, or release any security therefor, or exercise or refrain from
exercising any other of their rights under the Senior Indebtedness including,
without limitation, the waiver of default thereunder, all without notice to or
assent from the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee and without affecting
the obligations of the Company, the Trustee or the Holders of the Securities
under this Article.

         This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of
which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts
shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed and
attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

                                            ALLEGHENY TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

                                            By: ________________________________
                                                [name]
                                                [title]

ATTEST:
                                            ____________________________________
                                            [name]
                                            [title]

                                            ___________________, as Trustee

                                            By: ________________________________
                                                [name]
                                                [title]

ATTEST:
                                            ____________________________________
                                            [name]
                                            [title]

                                       65EXHIBIT 4.1.1

                      AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO RIGHTS AGREEMENT

                         THIS AMENDMENT NO. 1 (the "Amendment") dated as of
                    March 18, 2004, to the Rights Agreement, dated as of May
                    16, 1996 (the "Rights Agreement"), between Ashland Inc., a
                    Kentucky corporation (the "Company"), and National City
                    Bank, a Delaware corporation, as successor to Harris Trust
                    and Savings Bank by appointment, as Rights Agent (the
                    "Rights Agent"). Terms used herein and not otherwise
                    defined shall have the respective meanings ascribed to
                    such terms in the Rights Agreement.

          WHEREAS the Company, ATB Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation
("HoldCo"), EXM LLC, a Kentucky limited liability company ("New Ashland LLC"),
New EXM Inc., a Kentucky corporation ("New Ashland Inc."), Marathon Oil
Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("Marathon"), Marathon Oil Company, an
Ohio corporation ("Marathon Company"), Marathon Domestic LLC, a Delaware
limited liability company ("Merger Sub"), and Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC,
a Delaware limited liability company ("MAP"), have proposed to enter into a
Master Agreement to be dated the date hereof (the "Master Agreement");

          WHEREAS the Company desires to amend the Rights Agreement to render
the Rights inapplicable to the Transactions (as defined in the Master
Agreement) contemplated by the Master Agreement and the other Transaction
Agreements (as defined in the Master Agreement);

          WHEREAS the Company desires that, at the Acquisition Merger
Effective Time (as defined in the Master Agreement), (A) New Ashland Inc. will
succeed to all the rights and obligations of the Company under the Rights
Agreement; (B) all references to Common Stock of the Company and Preferred
Shares of the Company will be deemed to be references to Common Stock of New
Ashland Inc. and Preferred Shares of New Ashland Inc.; and (C) the Rights
Agreement will continue in effect;

          WHEREAS the Company deems this Amendment to the Rights Agreement to
be desirable and in the best interests

<PAGE>

                                                                             2

of the holders of the Rights and has duly approved this Amendment; and

          WHEREAS Section 26 of the Rights Agreement permits the Company at
any time before the occurrence of a Distribution Date and before any person
becomes an Acquiring Person to amend the Rights Agreement in the manner
provided herein.

          NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereby agree as follows:

          1. Succession and Continuance. Effective at the Acquisition Merger
Effective Time, New Ashland Inc. will succeed to all the rights and
obligations of the Company under the Rights Agreement and the Rights Agreement
will continue in effect after the Acquisition Merger Effective Time.

          2. Substitution of New Ashland Inc. Effective at the Acquisition
Merger Effective Time, all references to Common Stock of the Company and
Preferred Shares of the Company in the Rights Agreement will be deemed to be
references to Common Stock of New Ashland Inc. and Preferred Shares of New
Ashland Inc.

          3. Amendment of Section 1. Section 1 of the Rights Agreement is
supplemented to add the following definitions in the appropriate locations:

          "HOLDCO" means ATB Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly
          owned subsidiary of the Company.

          "MASTER AGREEMENT" shall mean the Master Agreement, dated as of
          March 18, 2004, among the Company, HoldCo, New Ashland LLC, New
          Ashland Inc., Marathon, Marathon Company, Merger Sub, and MAP, as it
          may be amended from time to time.

          "MERGER SUB" means Marathon Domestic LLC, a Delaware limited
          liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Marathon.

          "MARATHON" means Marathon Oil Corporation, a Delaware corporation.

<PAGE>

                                                                             3

          "MARATHON COMPANY" means Marathon Oil Company, an Ohio corporation
          and wholly owned subsidiary of Marathon.

          "MAP" means Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC, a Delaware limited
          liability company owned by Marathon Company and the Company.

          "NEW ASHLAND INC." means New EXM Inc., a Kentucky corporation and
          wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo.

          "NEW ASHLAND LLC" means EXM LLC, a Kentucky limited liability
          company and wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo.

          4. Amendment of the Definition of "Acquiring Person". The definition
of "ACQUIRING PERSON" in Section 1 of the Rights Agreement is amended by
adding the following sentence at the end thereof:

          "Notwithstanding anything in this Rights Agreement to the contrary,
     none of Marathon, Marathon Company, Merger Sub, MAP, HoldCo, New Ashland
     LLC, New Ashland Inc. or any other Person, individually, or collectively,
     shall be deemed to be an Acquiring Person solely by virtue of (i) the
     execution and delivery of the Master Agreement or any other Transaction
     Agreement (as defined in the Master Agreement) or (ii) the consummation
     of the Transactions (as defined in the Master Agreement)."

          5. Amendment of Section 3. Section 3(b) of the Rights Agreement is
amended and supplemented by adding the following sentence at the end thereof:

          "Notwithstanding anything in this Rights Agreement to the contrary,
     a Distribution Date or Business Combination shall not be deemed to have
     occurred, no Rights shall separate from the Common Shares or otherwise
     become exerciseable and no adjustment shall be made pursuant to Sections
     11 or 12, in each case solely as a result of (i) the execution and
     delivery of the Master Agreement or any other Transaction Agreement (as
     defined in the Master Agreement) or (ii) the consummation of the
     Transactions (as defined in the Master Agreement)."

<PAGE>

                                                                             4

Furthermore, Section 3 of the Rights Agreement is amended to add the following
sentence at the end thereof as Section 3(e):

          "Nothing in this Rights Agreement shall be construed to give any
     holder of Rights or any other Person any legal or equitable rights,
     remedies or claims under this Rights Agreement by virtue of the execution
     and delivery of the Master Agreement or any other Transaction Agreement
     (as defined in the Master Agreement), or by virtue of any of the
     Transactions (as defined in the Master Agreement), including without
     limitation the consummation thereof."

          6. Effectiveness. This Amendment shall be deemed effective as of the
date first written above, as if executed on such date. Except as amended
hereby, the Rights Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall
be otherwise unaffected hereby.

          7. Miscellaneous. This Amendment may be executed in one or more
counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and
shall become effective immediately upon execution by the Company, whether or
not also executed by the Rights Agent. This Amendment shall be deemed to be a
contract made under the laws of the Commonwealth of Kentucky and for all
purposes shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of
such State applicable to contracts to be made and performed entirely within
such State. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Amendment
is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid,
void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and
restrictions of this Amendment shall remain in full force and effect and shall
in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated. The Rights Agent and the
Company hereby waive any notice requirement under the Rights Agreement
pertaining to the matters covered by this Amendment.

<PAGE>

                                                                             5

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to
be executed and delivered by their authorized officers as of the date first
written above.

                                           ASHLAND INC.,

                                                  by /s/ James J. O'Brien
                                                  ________________________
                                                  Name:  James J. O'Brien
                                                  Title: Chief Executive
                                                         Officer

                                           National City Bank,

                                                  by
                                                  ________________________
                                                  Name:
                                                  Title:

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