Document:

EX-10.40

 Exhibit 10.40 

VANDA PHARMACEUTICALS INC. 

AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT 

This Employment Agreement (this “Agreement”) by and between GUNTHER BIRZNIEKS (the
“Employee”) and VANDA PHARMACEUTICALS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) was originally entered into as of June 12, 2009. This Agreement is hereby further amended
and restated as of April 30, 2018. 
 1. Duties and Scope of Employment. 

(a) Position. During his employment under this Agreement (“Employment”), the Company agrees to employ the Executive in the
position of Senior Vice President, Business Development. The Executive shall be subject to the supervision of, and shall have such authority as is delegated to him by, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The Executive hereby accepts such
employment and agrees to undertake the duties and responsibilities normally inherent in such position and such other duties and responsibilities as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer shall from time to time reasonably assign to him. 

(b) Obligations to the Company. During his Employment, the Executive shall devote his full business efforts and time to the Company.
In addition, during his Employment, without the prior written approval of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”), the Executive shall not render services in any capacity to any other person or entity and shall not act as a
sole proprietor or partner of any other person or entity or as a shareholder owning more than five percent of the voting power of any other entity. The Executive shall comply with the Company’s policies and rules, as they may be in effect from
time to time during his Employment. 
 (c) No Conflicting Obligations. The Executive represents and warrants to the Company that he
is under no obligations or commitments, whether contractual or otherwise, that are inconsistent with his obligations under this Agreement. The Executive represents and warrants that he will not use or disclose, in connection with his Employment, any
trade secrets or other proprietary information or intellectual property in which the Executive or any other person has any right, title or interest and that his Employment as contemplated by this Agreement will not infringe or violate the rights of
any other person or entity. The Executive represents and warrants to the Company that he has returned all property and confidential information belonging to any prior employers. 

2. Cash and Incentive Compensation. 

(a) Salary. The Company shall pay the Executive as compensation for his services a base salary at a gross annual rate of not less than
$375,000. Such salary shall be payable in accordance with the Company’s standard payroll procedures. The annual compensation specified in this Subsection (a), together with any increases in such compensation that the Company may grant from
time to time, is referred to in this Agreement as “Base Compensation.” 

 (b) Incentive Bonuses. Executive shall be eligible for an annual incentive bonus with a
target amount equal to 40% of his Base Compensation (the “Annual Target Bonus”). Such Annual Target Bonus (if any) shall be awarded based on objective or subjective criteria established in advance by the Board or the Compensation Committee
of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”). Any Annual Target Bonus for the fiscal year in which Executive’s employment begins shall not be prorated. Any Annual Target Bonus for a fiscal year shall in no event be paid later than 2 1⁄2 months after the close of such fiscal year. Except as provided in Section 6, such Annual Target shall be paid only if the Executive is employed by the
Company at the time of payment. The determinations of the Board or the Compensation Committee with respect to such Annual Target Bonus shall be final and binding. 

(c) Equity Awards. The Executive has previously been granted options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock and
restricted stock units. In addition, the Executive will be eligible to receive annual equity awards, if any, subject to the approval of the Board or the Compensation Committee in their sole discretion. The timing and size of the annual equity
awards, if any, shall be determined in the sole discretion of the Board or the Compensation Committee based on the Executive’s and/or the Company’s performance. 

3. Vacation and Employee Benefits. During his Employment, the Executive shall be eligible for 25 paid vacation days each year. Vacation
days shall accrue, and may be taken, in accordance with the Company’s standard policy for similarly situated employees, as it may be amended from time to time. During his Employment, the Executive shall be eligible to participate in any
employee benefit plans maintained by the Company for similarly situated employees, subject in each case to the generally applicable terms and conditions of the plan in question and to the determinations of any person or committee administering such
plan. 
 4. Business Expenses. During his Employment, the Executive shall be authorized to incur necessary and reasonable travel,
entertainment and other business expenses in connection with his duties hereunder. The Company shall reimburse the Executive for such expenses upon presentation of an itemized account and appropriate supporting documentation, all in accordance with
the Company’s generally applicable policies. Any reimbursement shall (a) be paid promptly but not later than the last day of the calendar year following the year in which the expense was incurred, (b) not be affected by any other
expenses that are eligible for reimbursement in any calendar year and (c) not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit. 

5. Term of Employment. 

(a) Employment at Will. The Executive’s Employment with the Company shall be “at will,” meaning that either the
Executive or the Company may terminate the Executive’s Employment at any time and for any reason, with or without Cause. Any contrary representations which may have been made to the Executive shall be superseded by this Agreement. This
Agreement shall constitute the full and complete agreement between the Executive and the Company on the “at will” nature of the Executive’s Employment, which may only be changed in an express written agreement signed by the Executive
and a duly authorized officer of the Company (other than the Executive). The termination of Executive’s Employment shall not limit or otherwise affect his obligations under Section 7 below. 

  
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 (b) Termination. The Company may terminate the Executive’s Employment at any time
and for any reason (or no reason), and with or without Cause, by giving the Executive notice in writing. The Executive may terminate his Employment by giving the Company 14 days’ advance notice in writing. The Executive’s Employment shall
terminate automatically in the event of his death. 
 (c) Rights Upon Termination. Except as expressly provided in Section 6,
upon the termination of the Executive’s Employment pursuant to this Section 5, the Executive shall only be entitled to accrued and unpaid compensation, benefits and expense reimbursements described in Sections 2, 3 and 4 for the
period preceding the effective date of the termination. The payments under this Agreement shall fully discharge all responsibilities of the Company to the Executive. 

6. Termination Benefits. 

(a) Preconditions. Any other provision of this Agreement notwithstanding, the remaining Subsections of this Section 6 shall
not apply unless each of the following requirements is satisfied: 
 (i) The Executive has executed a general release of all
known and unknown claims that the Executive may then have against the Company or persons affiliated with the Company in a form prescribed by the Company, without alterations. The Executive shall execute and return the release on or before the date
specified by the Company in the prescribed form (the “Release Deadline”). The Release Deadline shall in no event be later than 50 days after the Executive’s Separation. If the Executive fails to return the release on or before the
Release Deadline, or if the Executive revokes the release, then the Executive shall not be entitled to the benefits described in this Section 6. 

(ii) The Executive has returned all property of the Company in the Executive’s possession. 

(b) Severance Pay. If, during the term of this Agreement, the Executive is subject to an Involuntary Termination, then the Company
shall pay the Executive both of the following: 
 (i) Base Compensation. The Company shall continue to pay Executive
his Base Compensation for a period of 12 months following the Separation (the “Continuation Period”). Such severance payments shall be paid at the Base Compensation rate in effect at the time of the Separation and in accordance with the
Company’s standard payroll procedures. The severance payments shall commence within 60 days after the Executive’s Separation and, once they commence (the “Payment Commencement”), shall include any unpaid

  
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amounts accrued from the date of the Employee’s Separation. However, if the 60-day period described in the preceding sentence spans two calendar
years, then the Payment Commencement shall in any event begin on the first payroll period following expiration of any applicable revocation period in the second calendar year. 

(ii) Target Bonus. An amount equal to his Annual Target Bonus at the rate in effect at the time of the Separation. Such
amount shall be payable in a lump sum on the Company’s next regularly scheduled payroll that occurs following the Payment Commencement. 

(c) Options. If, during the term of this Agreement, Executive is subject to an Involuntary Termination, then (i) the vested
portion of the shares of the Company’s Common Stock subject to all options held by the Executive at the time of his Separation shall be determined by adding three months to the actual period of service that he has completed with the Company and
(ii) such options shall be exercisable for up to six months after the Executive’s Separation (provided, however, that the Option shall remain subject to the terms of the Plan in the event the Company is subject to a Change in Control, and
further provided that the Option in any event shall expire no later than the Expiration Date set forth in the Notice of Stock Option Grant evidencing the Option). 

7. Non-Solicitation, Non-Disclosure and Non-Competition. The Executive has entered into a Proprietary Information and Inventions
Agreement with the Company, which agreement is incorporated herein by reference. 
 8. Successors. 

(a) Company’s Successors. This Agreement shall be binding upon any successor (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase,
lease, merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the Company’s business and/or assets. For all purposes under this Agreement, the term “Company” shall include any successor to the Company’s
business and/or assets which becomes bound by this Agreement. 
 (b) Executive’s Successors. This Agreement and all rights of
the Executive hereunder shall inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by, the Executive’s personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, successors, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees. 

9. Definitions. For all purposes under this Agreement: 

“Cause” shall mean: 

(a) An unauthorized use or disclosure by the Executive of the Company’s confidential information or trade secrets, which use or
disclosure causes material harm to the Company; 
 (b) A material breach by the Executive of any agreement between the Executive and the
Company; 

  
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 (c) A material failure by the Executive to comply with the Company’s written policies or
rules; 
 (d) The Executive’s conviction of, or plea of “guilty” or “no contest” to, a felony under the laws of
the United States or any State thereof; 
 (e) The Executive’s gross negligence or willful misconduct; 

(f) A continuing failure by the Executive to perform assigned duties after receiving written notification of such failure from the Board; or

 (g) A failure by the Executive to cooperate in good faith with a governmental or internal investigation of the Company or its directors,
officers or employees, if the Company has requested the Executive’s cooperation. 
 “Change in Control” shall mean:

 (a) The consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another entity or any other corporate reorganization, if
persons who were not stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such merger, consolidation or other reorganization own immediately after such merger, consolidation or other reorganization 50% or more of the voting power of the outstanding
securities of each of (i) the continuing or surviving entity and (ii) any direct or indirect parent corporation of such continuing or surviving entity; 

(b) The sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; 

(c) A change in the composition of the Board, as a result of which fewer than 50% of the incumbent directors are directors who either: 

(i) Had been directors of the Company on the date 24 months prior to the date of such change in the composition of the Board
(the “Original Directors”); or 
 (ii) Were appointed to the Board, or nominated for election to the Board, with
the affirmative votes of at least a majority of the aggregate of (A) the Original Directors who were in office at the time of their appointment or nomination and (B) the directors whose appointment or nomination was previously approved in
a manner consistent with this Subsection (c)(ii); or 
 (d) Any transaction as a result of which any person is the “beneficial
owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing at least 50%
of the total voting power represented by the Company’s then outstanding voting securities. For 

  
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purposes of this Subsection (d), the term “person” shall have the same meaning as when used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act but shall exclude (i) a
trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or of a parent or subsidiary of the Company and (ii) a corporation owned directly or indirectly by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the
same proportions as their ownership of the Common Stock of the Company. 
 A transaction shall not constitute a Change in Control if its
sole purpose is to change the State of the Company’s incorporation or to create a holding company that will be owned in substantially the same proportions by the persons who held the Company’s securities immediately before such
transaction. 
 “Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. 

“Good Reason” shall mean Executive’s resignation within 6 months after one of the following conditions has come into
existence without Executive’s consent: (i) a change in the Executive’s position with the Company that materially reduces his level of authority or responsibility, (ii) a material reduction in his Base Compensation or
(iii) receipt of notice that his principal workplace will be relocated by more than 30 miles. A condition shall not be considered “Good Reason” unless the Executive gives the Company written notice of such condition within 90 days
after the initial existence of such condition and the Company fails to remedy such condition within 30 days after receiving the Executive’s written notice. 

“Involuntary Termination” shall mean a Separation resulting from either (i) the Executive’s involuntary discharge
by the Company for reasons other than Cause, Executive’s death or Permanent Disability or (ii) the Executive’s voluntary resignation for Good Reason. 

“Permanent Disability” shall mean the Executive’s inability to perform the essential functions of the Executive’s
position, with or without reasonable accommodation, for a period of at least 120 consecutive days because of a physical or mental impairment. 

“Separation” shall mean a “separation from service,” as defined in the regulations under Section 409A of the
Code. 
 10. Miscellaneous Provisions. 

(a) Notice. Notices and all other communications contemplated by this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been
duly given when personally delivered or when mailed by overnight courier, U.S. registered or certified mail, return receipt requested and postage prepaid. In the case of the Executive, mailed notices shall be addressed to him at the home address
that he most recently communicated to the Company in writing. In the case of the Company, mailed notices shall be addressed to its corporate headquarters, and all notices shall be directed to the attention of its Secretary. 

(b) Modifications and Waivers. No provision of this Agreement shall be modified, waived or discharged unless the modification, waiver
or discharge is agreed to 

  
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in writing and signed by the Executive and by an authorized officer of the Company (other than the Executive). No waiver by either party of any breach of, or of compliance with, any condition or
provision of this Agreement by the other party shall be considered a waiver of any other condition or provision or of the same condition or provision at another time. 

(c) Whole Agreement. No other agreements, representations or understandings (whether oral or written and whether express or implied)
which are not expressly set forth in this Agreement have been made or entered into by either party with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement and the Proprietary Information and Inventions Agreement contain the entire understanding of
the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. Additionally, by execution hereof, the Executive acknowledges and agrees that the severance protection letter between the Company and the Executive dated December 17, 2008 is hereby
terminated and shall be of no further force or effect following April 30, 2018. 
 (d) Tax Matters. All payments made under
this Agreement shall be subject to reduction to reflect taxes or other charges required to be withheld by law. For purposes of Section 409A of the Code, each payment under Section 6(b) is hereby designated as a separate payment. If the
Company determines that the Executive is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code and the regulations thereunder at the time of his Separation, then: 

 (i) Any salary continuation payments under Section 6(b)(i), to the extent not exempt from Section 409A of the
Code, shall commence with the Company’s first regularly scheduled payroll that occurs following the earlier of (x) expiration of the six-month period measured from Executive’s Separation or
(y) the date of Executive’s death and, once such payments commence, any amounts accrued from the Separation date shall be paid in a lump sum on the first payment date; and 

 (ii) Any lump-sum payment under Section 6(b)(ii), to the extent not exempt
from Section 409A of the Code, shall be made with the Company’s first regularly scheduled payroll that occurs following the earlier of (x) expiration of the six-month period measured from
Executive’s Separation or (y) the date of Executive’s death. 
 The Company shall not have a duty to design its compensation policies in a
manner that minimizes the Executive’s tax liabilities, and the Executive shall not make any claim against the Company or the Board related to tax liabilities arising from the Executive’s compensation. 

(e) Choice of Law. The validity, interpretation, construction and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the
District of Columbia (except its provisions governing the choice of law). 
 (f) Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of
any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof, which shall remain in full force and effect. 

  
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 (g) No Assignment. This Agreement and all rights and obligations of the Executive
hereunder are personal to the Executive and may not be transferred or assigned by the Executive at any time. The Company may assign its rights under this Agreement to any entity that assumes the Company’s obligations hereunder in connection
with any sale or transfer of all or a substantial portion of the Company’s assets to such entity. 
 (h) Counterparts. This
Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. 

[REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY] 

  
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 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has executed this Agreement, in the case of the
Company by its duly authorized officer, as of the date first written above. 
  

	
	 /s/ Gunther Birznieks

	 Gunther Birznieks

 

			
	VANDA PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
		
	By	 	 /s/ Mihael H. Polymeropoulos

	Title:	 	President and CEO

  
 9EX-4.8

 Exhibit 4.8 
  

 
  

RELX CAPITAL INC., 
 as Issuer,

 and 
 RELX PLC and 

RELX NV, 
 as Guarantors, 

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, 
 as
Trustee, Principal Paying Agent and Securities Registrar 
 THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, LONDON BRANCH, 

as London Paying Agent, and 
 THE
BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON SA/NV, LUXEMBOURG BRANCH, 
 as Luxembourg Paying Agent 

SEVENTH SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE 

Dated as of April 30, 2018 

to 
 INDENTURE 

Dated as of May 9, 1995 
  

 
 Guaranteed Debt
Securities 
  
  

 

 SEVENTH SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE, dated as of April 30, 2018 (“Seventh Supplemental
Indenture”), among RELX Capital Inc., a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, as issuer (the “Issuer”), each of RELX PLC (formerly, Reed Elsevier PLC), a public limited company incorporated in England, and
RELX N.V. (formerly, Reed Elsevier N.V.), a public company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of The Netherlands, as guarantors (each individually, a “Guarantor” and collectively, the “Guarantors”), The Bank of
New York Mellon, as trustee (the “Trustee”), Principal Paying Agent and Securities Registrar, The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, as London Paying Agent, and The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV, Luxembourg Branch (formerly The Bank
of New York Mellon (Luxembourg) S.A.), as Luxembourg Paying Agent. 
 RECITALS 

WHEREAS, the Issuer, the Guarantors and the Trustee entered into an indenture, dated as of May 9, 1995 (as amended and supplemented, the
“Indenture”) providing for the issuance from time to time of the Issuer’s Debt Securities, to be issued in one or more series as provided in the Indenture; 

WHEREAS, on July 1, 2015, Reed Elsevier PLC changed its name to RELX PLC; 

WHEREAS, on June 30, 2015, Reed Elsevier N.V. changed its name to RELX N.V.; 

WHEREAS, there are presently issued and outstanding under the Indenture $400,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 8.625% notes due
January 15, 2019, $150,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 7.500% notes due May 15, 2025, €600,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 1.300% notes due May 12, 2025 and $700,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 3.500% notes due
May 16, 2023 (collectively, the “Existing Notes”), each outstanding series being guaranteed, jointly and severally, by the Guarantors, the Trustee has been appointed as trustee for each outstanding series of Existing Notes, The Bank
of New York Mellon SA/NV, Luxembourg Branch has been appointed as Luxembourg Paying Agent under the Indenture and The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch has been appointed as London Paying Agent under the Indenture; 

WHEREAS, Section 901(5) of the Indenture provides that, without the consent of any Holders of Debt Securities, the Issuer and each
Guarantor, each when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee for the Debt Securities, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental to the Indenture in form satisfactory to such Trustee to change or
eliminate any of the provisions of the Indenture; 
 WHEREAS, the changes and eliminations set forth in this Seventh Supplemental Indenture
shall not apply to the Existing Notes, and Holders thereof will not be entitled to the benefit of any such provision; 
 WHEREAS, the Issuer
and each Guarantor have each been authorized by a duly adopted Board Resolution to enter into this Seventh Supplemental Indenture; 

WHEREAS, the changes and eliminations set forth in this Seventh Supplemental Indenture shall apply to each series of Debt Securities issued on
or after the date hereof, unless such provisions are amended or eliminated hereafter; 
 WHEREAS, the Issuer and each Guarantor have
delivered to the Trustee such certificates or opinions as may be required and requested pursuant to the Indenture; and 

 WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Seventh Supplemental Indenture a valid agreement of
the Issuer and each Guarantor in accordance with its terms have been done and performed. 
 NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises
contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Issuer, each Guarantor, the Trustee, the Luxembourg Paying Agent and the London Paying Agent hereby mutually covenant
and agree as follows: 
 1. Amendment of Section 101. 

a. Section 101 is hereby amended and supplemented by deleting the definition of “Change of Control” as contained therein and
replacing such definition with the following corresponding definition: 
 “Change of Control” means (i) prior
to the Simplification, the occurrence of any of the following: (1) the consummation of any transaction (including, without limitation, any merger or consolidation) the result of which is that any “person” (as such term is used in
Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) (other than a Guarantor) acquires shares in each Guarantor to which attach more than 50% of the voting rights attaching to the entire issued share capital of that Guarantor; provided that a Change of
Control shall be deemed not to have occurred if one or more new holding companies acquires the entire issued share capital of each of the Guarantors and (A) such holding company (or companies) has (or have, as the case may be) substantially the
same shareholders as each of the Guarantors and those shareholders acquired the shares or economic interests in the holding company (or companies) in substantially the same proportion (taking into account the equalization arrangements between the
Guarantors as in effect at such time) as they hold shares or economic interests in the relevant Guarantor(s) prior to the holding company (or companies) so acquiring the share capital of each of the Guarantors and (B) each of the Guarantors is
a wholly owned (directly or indirectly) subsidiary of such holding company (or companies); or (2) the direct or indirect sale, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by way of merger or consolidation), in one or more series of
related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets of the subsidiaries and joint ventures of the Guarantors, taken as a whole, to any “person” (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) (other than an
affiliate of either of the Guarantors); and (ii) subsequent to the Simplification, the occurrence of any of the following: (1) the consummation of any transaction (including, without limitation, any merger or consolidation) the result of
which is that any “person” (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) acquires shares in the Surviving Guarantor to which attach more than 50% of the voting rights attaching to the issued share capital of the
Surviving Guarantor; provided that a Change of Control shall be deemed not to have occurred if a new holding company acquires the entire issued share capital of the Surviving Guarantor and (A) such holding company has substantially the same
shareholders as the Surviving Guarantor and those shareholders acquired the shares or economic interests in the holding company in substantially the same proportion as they hold shares or economic interests in the Surviving Guarantor prior to the
holding company so acquiring the share capital of the Surviving Guarantor and (B) the Surviving Guarantor is a wholly owned (directly or indirectly) subsidiary of such holding company; or (2) the direct or indirect sale, transfer,
conveyance or other disposition (other than by way of merger or consolidation), in one or more series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets of the subsidiaries and joint ventures of the Surviving Guarantor, taken as a
whole, to any “person” (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) (other than an affiliate of the Surviving Guarantor). 

  
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 b. Section 101 is hereby amended and supplemented by adding the following definitions of
“Simplification” and “Surviving Guarantor” in appropriate alphabetical sequence: 

“Simplification” means the completion of the transfer of all assets and liabilities from RELX NV to RELX PLC
in connection with the merger of RELX NV into RELX PLC, with RELX PLC as the surviving entity. 
 “Surviving
Guarantor” means RELX PLC following the Simplification. 
 2. Amendment of Section 305. Section 305
is hereby amended and supplemented by deleting the first paragraph thereof and replacing it with the following: 
 “The
Issuer shall cause to be kept at the office or agency of the securities registrar (the “Securities Registrar”) for the Debt Securities of each series a securities register (the securities register for the Debt Securities of each series
maintained in such office and in any other office or agency of the Issuer in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes collectively referred to with respect to the Debt Securities of each series as the “Securities Register”) in which,
subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Issuer shall provide for the registration of Debt Securities and of transfers of Debt Securities. The Issuer may appoint co-Securities
Registrars. Unless and until otherwise determined by the Issuer and notified in writing to the Trustee for the Debt Securities of such series, the Principal Paying Agent for the Debt Securities of a series shall act as Securities Registrar for such
Debt Securities and the Securities Register shall be kept at the Principal Office of the Principal Paying Agent. At all reasonable times the Securities Register shall be open for inspection by the Issuer, each Guarantor and such Trustee and by their
duly authorized agents.” 
 3. Amendment of Section 501(3). Section 501(3) is amended and
supplemented by deleting Section 501(3) and replacing it with the following: 
 “(3) there shall have been
accelerated because of default the maturity of any Indebtedness of either of the Guarantors or the Issuer in an aggregate principal amount of at least U.S.$100,000,000 (or the equivalent in another currency) or any such Indebtedness in an aggregate
principal amount of at least U.S.$100,000,000 (or the equivalent in another currency) shall not have been paid at final maturity (as extended by any applicable grace period) and, with respect to the Issuer in any case described in this clause (3),
the obligations of the Issuer under such series of Debt Securities shall not have been assumed during the 90-day period following such acceleration or non-payment by
another Component Company wholly owned by the Guarantors;” 
 4. Amendment of Section 1008.
Section 1008 is hereby amended and supplemented by deleting the first three paragraphs thereof and replacing them with the following: 

“All payments of principal, premium (if any) and interest in respect of the Debt Securities or the Guarantees will be made
free and clear of, and without withholding or deduction for, any taxes, assessments, duties or governmental charges of whatever nature imposed, levied or collected by or within a Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction (as defined below), unless that
withholding or deduction is required by law. 

  
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 If withholding or deduction is required by law, then the Issuer or either
Guarantor, as the case may be, will pay to the Holder of any Debt Security additional amounts as may be necessary in order that every net payment of principal of (and premium, if any, on) and interest, if any, on that Debt Security after deduction
or other withholding for or on account of any present or future tax, assessment, duty or other governmental charge of any nature whatsoever imposed, levied or collected by or on behalf of the jurisdiction under the laws of which the Issuer or either
Guarantor, as the case may be, is organized or resident for tax purposes (or any political subdivision or taxing authority of or in that jurisdiction having power to tax), or any jurisdiction from or through which any amount is paid by the Issuer or
either Guarantor, as the case may be (or any political subdivision or taxing authority of or in that jurisdiction having power to tax) (each a “Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction”), will not be less than the amount provided for in any Debt
Security to be then due and payable; provided, however, that the Issuer or either Guarantor, as the case may be, will not be required to make any payment of additional amounts for or on account of: 

 

	 	(a)	any tax, assessment, duty or other governmental charge which would not have been imposed but for (i) the existence of any present or former connection (other than the mere acquisition, ownership or holding of, or
the receipt of payment or the exercise or enforcement of rights in respect of, the Debt Securities) between that Holder (or between a fiduciary, settlor, beneficiary, member of, shareholder of, or possessor of a power over that Holder, if that
Holder is an estate, trust, partnership or corporation or any Person other than the Holder to which that Debt Security or any amount payable on that Debt Security is attributable for the purpose of that tax, assessment or charge) and a Relevant
Taxing Jurisdiction, including without limitation, that Holder (or fiduciary, settlor, beneficiary, member, shareholder or possessor or Person other than the Holder) being or having been a citizen or resident of a Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction, being
or having been present or engaged in a trade or business in a Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction, or having or having had a permanent establishment in a Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction or (ii) the presentation of a Debt Security (where presentation is
required) for payment on a date more than 30 days after the date on which payment became due and payable or the date on which payment was duly provided for, whichever occurred later, except to the extent that the Holder would have been entitled to
additional amounts on presenting that Debt Security for payment on or before the thirtieth day; 

  

	 	(b)	any estate, inheritance, gift, sale, transfer or personal property tax, assessment or other governmental charge of a similar nature; 

 

	 	(c)	any tax, assessment, duty or other governmental charge that is imposed or withheld by reason of the failure by that Holder or any other Person mentioned in (a) above to comply, after reasonable notice (at least 30
days before any such withholding would be payable), with a request of the Issuer or either Guarantor, as the case may be, addressed to that Holder or that other Person to provide information concerning the nationality, residence or identity of that
Holder or that other Person, or to make any declaration or other similar claim or satisfy any reporting requirement, which is, in either case, required by a statute, treaty or regulation of the Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction, as a precondition to
exemption from or reduction of that tax, assessment or other governmental charge; 

  

	 	(d)	any tax, assessment, duty or other governmental charge imposed by reason of such Holder’s past or present status as a passive foreign investment company, a controlled foreign corporation or personal holding company
with respect to the United States, or as a corporation which accumulates earnings to avoid United States federal income tax; 

  
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	 	(e)	any tax, assessment, duty or other governmental charge imposed on interest received by (i) a 10% shareholder (as defined in Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the “Code”), and the regulations that may be promulgated thereunder) of the Issuer, (ii) a controlled foreign corporation related to the Issuer within the meaning of Section 864(d)(4) of the Code or (iii) a bank receiving
interest described in Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code; 

  

	 	(f)	any Debt Security that is presented for payment by or on behalf of a resident of a member state of the European Union who would have been able to avoid any withholding or deduction by presenting the relevant Debt
Security to another Paying Agent in a member state of the European Union; 

  

	 	(g)	any tax, assessment, duty or other governmental charge required to be withheld or deducted under Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code (or any amended or successor version of such Sections) (“FATCA”), any
regulations or other guidance thereunder, any agreement (including any intergovernmental agreement) entered into in connection therewith, or any law, regulation or other official guidance enacted in any jurisdiction implementing FATCA or an
intergovernmental agreement in respect of FATCA; or 

  

	 	(h)	any combination of items (a) through (g) above, 

 nor will additional
amounts be paid with respect to (i) any tax, assessment, duty or other governmental charge that is payable other than by deduction or withholding from payments on the Debt Securities or (ii) any payment to any Holder which is a fiduciary
or a partnership or other than the sole beneficial owner of that Debt Security to the extent a beneficiary or settlor with respect to that fiduciary or a member of that partnership or the beneficial owner would not have been entitled to those
additional amounts had it been the Holder of that Debt Security. 
 The Issuer and the Guarantors will pay any present or
future stamp, court or documentary taxes, or any other excise, property or similar taxes, assessments or other charges that arise in a Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction from the execution, delivery, registration or enforcement of any Debt Securities,
Guarantees or this Indenture, or any other document or instrument in relation thereto (other than a transfer of the Debt Securities other than the initial resale of the Debt Securities), and the Issuer and the Guarantors agree to indemnify the
Trustee and the Holders for any such amounts paid by the Trustee and such Holders. The foregoing obligations of this paragraph will survive any termination, defeasance or discharge of this Indenture and will apply mutatis mutandis to any
jurisdiction in which any successor to the Issuer or the Guarantors is organized or any political subdivision or taxing authority or agency thereof or therein.” 

5. Amendment of Section 1108. Section 1108 is hereby amended and supplemented by deleting the second paragraph
thereof and replacing it with the following: 
 “The Debt Securities of any series may be redeemed, at the option of the
Issuer, as a whole, but not in part, at 100 percent of the principal amount (or, in the case of Discounted Securities, such lesser amount as may be provided for with respect to the Debt Securities of such series) thereof, together with accrued
but unpaid interest, if any, thereon to, but excluding, the Redemption Date if, as a result of any change in, or amendment to, the laws, regulations, rulings 

  
 6 

 
or treaties of a Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction, or any change in official position regarding application or interpretation of such laws, regulations, rulings or treaties (including a holding by a
court of competent jurisdiction), which change, amendment, application or interpretation becomes effective on or after the original issue date with respect to those Debt Securities (or if a jurisdiction becomes a Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction after
the original issue date, the date on which such jurisdiction became a Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction under this Indenture) or another date as may be specified for such series, the Issuer or either Guarantor, as the case may be, would, on the occasion
of the next payment of principal or interest in respect of the Debt Securities, be obligated, in making such payment, to pay additional amounts as described in Section 1008 and such obligation cannot be avoided by the Issuer or either
Guarantor, individually or together, as the case may be, taking reasonable measures available to them.” 
 6. New York Law to
Govern. This Seventh Supplemental Indenture shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State of New York. 
 7.
Conflict of Any Provision of Indenture with Trust Indenture Act of 1939. If and to the extent that any provision of this Seventh Supplemental Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision included in this Seventh
Supplemental Indenture or in the Indenture which is required to be included herein or therein by any of Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, such required provision shall control. 

8. Counterparts. This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an
original but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. 
 9. Effect of Seventh
Supplemental Indenture. Upon the execution of this Seventh Supplemental Indenture, the Indenture shall be modified in accordance herewith and this Seventh Supplemental Indenture shall form a part of the Indenture for all purposes, and except as
herein modified, all the provisions, terms and conditions of the Indenture are in all respects ratified and confirmed and shall remain in full force and effect. The provisions of this Seventh Supplemental Indenture shall be applicable only to Debt
Securities originally issued after the date hereof. 
 10. The Trustee. The Trustee, the London Paying Agent and the Luxembourg Paying
Agent shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of this Seventh Supplemental Indenture or for or in respect of the recitals contained herein, all of which are made solely by the Issuer and the
Guarantors. 
 11. Defined Terms. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Seventh Supplemental Indenture shall have
the meanings set forth in the Indenture. 
 12. BRRD Parties. Notwithstanding any other term of the Indenture or any other agreements,
arrangements, or understanding between the parties, each counter-party to a BRRD Party under the Indenture acknowledges, accepts and agrees to be bound by: 

a. the effect of the exercise of Bail-in Powers by the Relevant Resolution Authority in relation to any
BRRD Liability of any BRRD Party to it under the Indenture, that (without limitation) may include and result in any of the following, or some combination thereof: 

  
 7 

 (i) the reduction of all, or a portion, of the BRRD Liability or outstanding
amounts due thereon; 
 (ii) the conversion of all, or a portion, of the BRRD Liability into shares, other securities or
other obligations of the relevant BRRD Party or another person (and the issue to or conferral on it of such shares, securities or obligations); 

(iii) the cancellation of the BRRD Liability; 

(iv) the amendment or alteration of the amounts due in relation to the BRRD Liability, including any interest, if applicable,
thereon, the maturity or the dates on which any payments are due, including by suspending payment for a temporary period; and 
 b. the
variation of the terms of the Indenture, as deemed necessary by the Relevant Resolution Authority, to give effect to the exercise of Bail-in Powers by the Relevant Resolution Authority. 

For purposes of this Section 12: 

“Bail-in Legislation” means in relation to a Member State of the European Economic
Area which has implemented, or which at any time implements, the BRRD, the relevant implementing law, regulation, rule or requirement as described in the EU Bail-in Legislation Schedule from time to time. 

“Bail-in Powers” means any Write-down and Conversion Powers as defined in the
relevant Bail-in Legislation. 
 “BRRD” means Directive 2014/59/EU establishing a
framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms. 
 “BRRD Liability” has the same
meaning as in such laws, regulations, rules or requirements implementing the BRRD under the applicable Bail-in Legislation. 

“BRRD Party” means any agent subject to Bail-in Powers. 

“EU Bail-in Legislation Schedule” means the document described as such, then in
effect, and published by the Loan Market Association (or any successor person) from time to time at http://www.lma.eu.com/. 

“Relevant Resolution Authority” means the resolution authority with the ability to exercise any Bail-in Powers in relation to the relevant BRRD Party. 
 [Signature Page Follows] 

  
 8 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Seventh Supplemental Indenture to be duly
executed, as of the date first referenced above. 
  

			
	 RELX CAPITAL INC.,
 as
Issuer

		
	By:	 	 /s/ Kenneth E. Fogarty

		 	Name: Kenneth E. Fogarty
		 	Title:   President, Treasurer and
		 	            Assistant Secretary
	
	 RELX PLC,
 as
Guarantor

		
	By:	 	 /s/ Nick Luff

		 	Name: Nick Luff
		 	Title:   Chief Financial Officer
	
	 RELX N.V.,
 as
Guarantor

		
	By:	 	 /s/ Nick Luff

		 	Name: Nick Luff
		 	Title:   Chief Financial Officer

 [Signature Page to Seventh Supplemental Indenture] 

 
			
	 THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON,
 as
Trustee, Principal Paying Agent and Securities Registrar

		
	By	 	 /s/ Teresa Wyszomierski

		 	 Name:  Teresa Wyszomierski

		 	 Title:   Vice President

	
	 THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, LONDON BRANCH,

as London Paying Agent

		
	By	 	 /s/ Teresa Wyszomierski

		 	 Name:  Teresa Wyszomierski

		 	 Title:   Vice President

	
	 THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON SA/NV, LUXEMBOURG BRANCH,

as Luxembourg Paying Agent

		
	By	 	 /s/ Teresa Wyszomierski

		 	 Name:  Teresa Wyszomierski

		 	 Title:   Attorney-in-Fact

 [Signature Page to Seventh Supplemental Indenture]

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