Document:

RIGHTS AGREEMENT, DATED AS OF JANUARY 13, 2012

 EXHIBIT 4.1 
 Execution Version 
 CVR ENERGY, INC. 

and 
 AMERICAN
STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY, LLC 
 as Rights Agent 

 
  

RIGHTS AGREEMENT 

Dated January 13, 2012 

 Table of Contents 

 

					
	 Section 1. Definitions.
	  	 	1	  
	 Section 2. Appointment of Rights Agent.
	  	 	8	  
	 Section 3. Issuance of Right Certificates.
	  	 	9	  
	 Section 4. Form of Right Certificates; Notice to Rights Agent as to Acquiring Person.
	  	 	11	  
	 Section 5. Countersignature and Registration.
	  	 	12	  
	 Section 6. Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Right Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right
Certificates.
	  	 	13	  
	 Section 7. Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights.
	  	 	14	  
	 Section 8. Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates.
	  	 	17	  
	 Section 9. Reservation and Availability of Shares of Preferred Stock.
	  	 	18	  
	 Section 10. Preferred Stock Record Date.
	  	 	19	  
	 Section 11. Adjustments to Number and Kind of Securities or Other Property, Number of Rights or Purchase
Price.
	  	 	20	  
	 Section 12. Certification of Adjustments.
	  	 	32	  
	 Section 13. Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power.
	  	 	32	  
	 Section 14. Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares.
	  	 	38	  
	 Section 15. Rights of Action.
	  	 	38	  
	 Section 16. Agreement of Right Holders.
	  	 	39	  
	 Section 17. Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder.
	  	 	40	  
	 Section 18. Concerning the Rights Agent.
	  	 	40	  
	 Section 19. Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent.
	  	 	41	  
	 Section 20. Duties of Rights Agent.
	  	 	42	  
	 Section 21. Change of Rights Agent.
	  	 	45	  
	 Section 22. Issuance of New Right Certificates.
	  	 	46	  
	 Section 23. Redemption.
	  	 	47	  
	 Section 24. Exchange.
	  	 	48	  
	 Section 25. Notice of Proposed Actions.
	  	 	50	  
	 Section 26. Notices.
	  	 	51	  
	 Section 27. Supplements and Amendments.
	  	 	52	  
	 Section 28. Successors.
	  	 	54	  
	 Section 29. Benefits of this Rights Agreement.
	  	 	54	  
	 Section 30. Governing Law.
	  	 	54	  
	 Section 31. Descriptive Headings.
	  	 	54	  
	 Section 32. Severability.
	  	 	54	  
	 Section 33. Determination and Actions by the Board of Directors, etc.
	  	 	55	  

 Exhibit A – Certificate of Designations, Rights and Preferences 

Exhibit B – Form of Right Certificate 

Exhibit C – Form of Summary of Rights 

  
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 RIGHTS AGREEMENT 

RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “Rights Agreement”), dated January 13, 2012, between CVR Energy, Inc., a
Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, a New York limited liability trust company (the “Rights Agent”). 

W I T N E S S E T H: 
 WHEREAS, on January 13, 2012, the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) (i) authorized and declared a dividend of one right (a “Right”) for each share
of the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company outstanding as of the Close of Business (as defined herein) on January 23, 2012 (the “Record Date”), and authorized the issuance of the Rights as of the Record
Date, each Right representing the right to purchase one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company having the voting powers, designation, preferences and relative rights described in the
Certificate of Designations, Rights and Preferences attached hereto as Exhibit A (each one one-thousandth of a share, a “Unit”, and such shares of preferred stock, “Preferred Stock”), and (ii) further
authorized the issuance of one Right with respect to each share of Common Stock of the Company that shall become outstanding between the Record Date and the Distribution Date (as defined herein) (or thereafter in accordance with Section 22),
all upon the terms and subject to the conditions hereafter set forth. 
 NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and
the mutual agreements herein set forth, the parties hereby agree as follows: 
 Section 1. Definitions. 

For purposes of this Rights Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated: 

“Acquiring Person” shall mean any Person who or which, together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, shall
be the Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding or who was such a Beneficial Owner at any 

  
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time after the date of this Rights Agreement, whether or not the Person continues to be the Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the term “Acquiring Person” shall not include (w) the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, any employee benefit plan or employee stock plan of the Company or any Subsidiary of the
Company, or any Person organized, appointed, established or holding Common Stock of the Company for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan, (x) any underwriter acting in this capacity by agreement with the Company, (y) any Person who
shall become the Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding with the approval of the Board (so long as such Person’s Beneficial Ownership of shares of Common Stock does not exceed the
Beneficial Ownership level approved by the Board), or (z) any Grandfathered Person unless and until such time as such Person shall become the Beneficial Owner of any additional shares of Common Stock of the Company in addition to those shares
of Common Stock Beneficially Owned by such Grandfathered Person as of the date of this Rights Agreement; and (ii) no Person shall become an “Acquiring Person” (x) solely by virtue of a reduction in the number of
outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company, unless the Person thereafter becomes the Beneficial Owner of any additional shares of Common Stock of the Company (other than pursuant to a dividend or distribution paid or made by the Company on
the outstanding shares of Common Stock in shares of Common Stock or pursuant to a split or subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common Stock), without previously receiving the approval of the Board or (y) if the Person becomes an Acquiring
Person (but for the operation of this clause (y)) inadvertently, in the judgment of the Board and (i) within fifteen Business Days after the Person discovers that it would be an Acquiring Person (but for the operation of this clause (y)) the
Person notifies the Board that it would be an Acquiring Person but for the operation of this clause (y) and (ii) as promptly as practicable (as determined by the Board, whose determination shall be final and binding) the Person
divests itself of Beneficial Ownership of a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock of the Company so that the Person is no longer an Acquiring Person (disregarding any effect of this clause (y)). 

  
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 “Affiliate” and “Associate” shall have the respective
meanings ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act as in effect on the date of this Rights Agreement. 
 “Adjustment Units” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(ii). 
 A Person shall be deemed the “Beneficial Owner” of, and shall be deemed to “beneficially own” and have “Beneficial Ownership” of, any securities:

 (a) which such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, for
purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 thereunder (or any comparable or successor law or regulation); 
 (b) which such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates has (i) the right to acquire (whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time) pursuant to
any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing), or upon the exercise of conversion, exchange purchase rights (other than the Rights), warrants or options, or otherwise; (ii) the right to vote or to direct the vote of,
pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing; or (iii) the right to dispose or direct the disposition of, pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing; 

(c) which are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by any other Person (or any Affiliate or Associate thereof) with which such
Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates has any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of any securities of the Company; or 

(d) in respect of which such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates has a Synthetic Long Position; 

provided, however, that (v) a Person will not be deemed the Beneficial Owner of, or to beneficially own, any security if such
beneficial ownership arises solely as a result of such Person’s status as a “clearing agency,” as defined in Section 3(a)(23) of the Exchange Act; (w) a 

  
 - 3 -

 
Person engaged in business as an underwriter of securities shall not be deemed the Beneficial Owner of, or to beneficially own, any securities acquired through such Person’s participation in
good faith in an underwriting syndicate until the expiration of 40 calendar days after the date of such acquisition; (x) a Person shall not be deemed to be the Beneficial Owner of, or to beneficially own, securities tendered pursuant to a
tender or exchange offer made by or on behalf of such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates until such tendered securities are accepted for purchase or exchange; (y) a Person shall not be deemed the Beneficial Owner of,
or to beneficially own, any security by reason of an agreement, arrangement or understanding to vote such security if such agreement, arrangement or understanding (1) arises solely from a revocable proxy or consent given to such Person in
response to a public proxy or consent solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, the applicable rules and regulations of the Exchange Act and (2) is not also then reportable on Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G under the Exchange Act (or
any comparable or successor reports); and (z) an officer or director of the Company shall not be deemed (1) the Beneficial Owner of any securities beneficially owned by another officer or director of the Company solely by reason of actions
undertaken by such persons in their capacity as officers or directors of the Company or (2) the Beneficial Owner of securities held of record by the trustee of any employee benefit plan of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company for the
benefit of any employee of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, other than the officer or director, by reason of any influence that such officer or director may have over the voting of the securities held in the plan. Notwithstanding
anything in this definition of Beneficial Owner to the contrary, the phrase “then outstanding,” when used with reference to a Person’s Beneficial Ownership of securities of the Company, shall mean the number of such securities
then actually issued and outstanding together with the number of such securities not then actually issued and outstanding which such Person would be deemed to own beneficially hereunder. 

“Board” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals. 

  
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 “Business Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday, or a day
on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close. 

“Close of Business” on any given date shall mean 5:00 P.M. New York City time, on such date; provided,
however, that if such date is not a Business Day, it shall mean 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on the next succeeding Business Day. 
 “Common Stock,” when used with reference to the Company, shall mean the common stock (presently $0.01 par value per share) of the Company. “Common Stock”, when used with
reference to any Person other than the Company, shall mean shares of the capital stock with the greatest voting power of such other Person or, if such other Person is a subsidiary of another Person, the entity which ultimately controls such
first-mentioned Person. “Common Stock” when used with reference to any Person not organized in corporate form shall mean units of beneficial interest which (x) represent the right to participate generally in the profits and
losses of such Person (including without limitation any flow-through tax benefits resulting from an ownership interest in such Person) and (y) are entitled to exercise the greatest voting power of such Person or, in the case of a limited
partnership, have the power to remove the general partner or partners. 
 “Company” shall have the meaning set
forth in the preamble. 
 “Current Market Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(d).

 “Current Value” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii). 

“Distribution Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(a). 

“Equivalent Preferred Securities” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(b). 

“Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 

“Expiration Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(a). 

  
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 “Final Expiration Date” shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 7(a). 
 “Grandfathered Person” shall mean any Person who or which, together with all Affiliates
and Associates of such Person, is, as of the date of this Rights Agreement, the Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided in this Rights
Agreement, any Grandfathered Person who, after the date of this Rights Agreement, becomes the Beneficial Owner of less than 15% of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding shall cease to be a Grandfathered Person and shall be
subject to all of the provisions of this Rights Agreement in the same manner as any Person who is not and was not a Grandfathered Person. 
 “NASDAQ” shall mean the NASDAQ Stock Market or any of its listing venues. 
 “NYSE” shall mean the New York Stock Exchange. 

“Person” shall mean any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, limited liability
partnership, association, trust, syndicate or other entity, and includes without limitation an unincorporated group of individuals who, by formal or informal agreement or arrangement (whether or not in writing), have embarked on a common purpose or
act. 
 “Preferred Stock” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals. 

“Principal Party” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(b). 

“Purchase Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(b). 

“Record Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals. 

“Redemption Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 23(a). 

“Right” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble. 

“Rights Agent” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble. 

“Right Certificate” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(a). 

  
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 “Section 11(a)(ii) Event” shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 11(a)(ii). 
 “Section 13 Event” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(a).

 “Securities Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. 

“Stock Acquisition Date” shall mean the first date of a public announcement (which, for purposes of this definition,
shall include, without limitation, a report filed or amended pursuant to Section 13(d) under the Exchange Act) by the Company or an Acquiring Person indicating that an Acquiring Person has become such; provided that, if such Person is
determined not to be or have become an Acquiring Person, then no Stock Acquisition Date shall be deemed to have occurred. 

“Subsidiary” of a Person shall mean any corporation or other entity of which securities or other ownership interests
having ordinary voting power sufficient to elect or appoint a majority of the board of directors or other persons performing similar functions are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person and any corporation or other entity that is
otherwise controlled by such Person. 
 “Substitution Period” shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 11(a)(iii). 
 “Summary of Rights” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(b).

 “Synthetic Long Position” shall mean, with respect to any security, any option, warrant, convertible
security, stock appreciation right or other contractual right, whether or not presently exercisable, which has an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to such security or a value determined in
whole or part with reference to, or derived in whole or in part from, the market price or value of such security (without regard to whether such instrument or right (i) conveys any voting power to such Person or any Affiliate or Associate
thereof, or (ii) is required to be, or capable of being, settled through delivery of such securities) and which increases in value as the value of such security increases or which provides to the holder of such instrument or right an
opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in 

  
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any profit derived from any increase in the value of such security, but shall not include interests in broad-based index options, broad-based index futures, and broad-based publicly traded market
baskets of stocks approved for trading by the appropriate federal governmental authority. The number of securities in respect of which a Person has a Synthetic Long Position shall be the notional or other number of securities specified in the
documentation evidencing the Synthetic Long Position as being subject to be acquired upon the exercise or settlement of the applicable right or as the basis upon which the value or settlement amount of such right, or the opportunity of the holder of
such right to profit or share in any profit, is to be calculated in whole or in part or, if no such number of securities is specified in such filing or documentation, as determined by the Board in good faith to be the number of securities to which
the Synthetic Long Position relates. 
 “Trading Day” shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 11(d)(i). 
 “Triggering Event” shall mean any Section 11(a)(ii) Event or Section 13
Event. 
 “Unit” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals. 

“Unit Equivalents” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii). 

Section 2. Appointment of Rights Agent. The Company hereby appoints the Rights Agent to act as agent for the Company and the
holders of the Rights (who, in accordance with Section 3 hereof, shall prior to the Distribution Date also be the holders of the Common Stock) in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Rights Agreement, and the Rights Agent hereby
accepts this appointment. The Company may from time to time appoint such co-Rights Agents as it may deem necessary or desirable. In the event the Company appoints one or more co-Rights Agents, the respective duties of the Rights Agents and any
co-Rights Agents shall be as the Company shall determine. No Rights Agent shall have a duty to supervise, and in no event shall be liable for, the acts or omissions of any such co-Rights Agent. 

  
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 Section 3. Issuance of Right Certificates. 

(a) Until the Close of Business on the earlier to occur of (i) the Stock Acquisition Date or (ii) the tenth calendar day (or
such later time as determined by the Board but in no event later than the time such Person becomes an Acquiring Person) after the date of the commencement by any Person of a tender or exchange offer, upon the successful consummation of which such
Person, together with its Affiliates and Associates, would be an Acquiring Person (irrespective of whether any shares are actually purchased pursuant to such offer), or in the case of clause (ii) such later date specified by the Board which
date shall not be later than the date specified in clause (i) (the earliest of such dates being referred to herein as the “Distribution Date”), (x) the Rights will be evidenced by the certificates for the shares of Common
Stock of the Company registered in the names of the holders of the shares of Common Stock of the Company (which certificates for shares of Common Stock of the Company shall be deemed also to be certificates for Rights) or, with respect to shares of
Common Stock of the Company not represented by certificates, the Rights related thereto will be evidenced by the notation on the records of the Company representing these shares, and, in each case, not by separate certificates, (y) the
registered holders of shares of Common Stock of the Company shall also be the registered holders of the associated Rights, and (z) the Rights (and the right to receive certificates therefor) will be transferable only in connection with the
transfer of the underlying shares of Common Stock of the Company (including a transfer to the Company). As soon as practicable after the Distribution Date, the Rights Agent will, if requested to do so by the Company and provided with all necessary
information, send, by first-class, postage prepaid mail, to each record holder of shares of Common Stock of the Company as of the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, at the address of the holder shown on the records of the Company, a
certificate in substantially the form of Exhibit B (the “Right Certificate”) evidencing the Rights underlying the shares of Common Stock of the Company so held. As of and after the Distribution Date, the Rights will be evidenced
solely by the Right Certificates. The Company shall promptly notify the Rights Agent in writing upon the occurrence of the Distribution Date and, if notification is given orally, the Company shall confirm the same in writing on or prior to the
Business Day next following. Until this notice is received by the Rights Agent, the Rights Agent may presume conclusively for all purposes that the Distribution Date has not occurred. 

  
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 (b) Upon request of any holder of record of a Right, the Company will send a copy of this
Agreement and a copy of the Summary of the Terms of the Rights, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C (the “Summary of Rights”), by postage prepaid mail, to the holder. 

(c) Until the Distribution Date (or, if earlier, the Expiration Date or Final Expiration Date), the surrender for transfer of any
certificate for shares of Common Stock of the Company shall also constitute the surrender for transfer of the Rights associated with the shares of Common Stock represented thereby and the transfer of shares of Common Stock on the records of the
Company shall also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with the shares. 
 (d) Certificates issued for shares of
Common Stock of the Company (including, without limitation, certificates issued upon transfer or exchange of shares of Common Stock of the Company) after the Record Date, but prior to the earlier of the Distribution Date, the Expiration Date or the
Final Expiration Date, shall have impressed on, printed on, written on or otherwise affixed to them the following legend: 

This certificate also evidences and entitles the holder to certain Rights as set forth in a Rights Agreement between CVR Energy, Inc. and
American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as Rights Agent, dated January 13, 2012, as from time to time amended, extended or renewed (the “Rights Agreement”), the terms of which are incorporated herein by reference and a
copy of which is on file at the principal executive office of the Company. Under certain circumstances, as set forth in the Rights Agreement, such Rights will be evidenced by separate certificates and will no longer be evidenced by this certificate.
The Company will mail to the holder of record of this certificate a copy of the Rights Agreement, without charge, within ten Business Days after receipt of a written request therefor. Under certain circumstances, as provided in the Rights Agreement,
Rights issued to or beneficially owned by Acquiring Persons or their Associates or Affiliates (as defined in the Rights Agreement) or any purported 

  
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subsequent holder of such Rights will become null and void. The Rights shall not be exercisable, and shall be void so long as held, by a holder in any jurisdiction where the requisite
qualification to the issuance to such holder, or the exercise by such holder, of the Rights in such jurisdiction shall not have been obtained or be obtainable. 
 The failure to print the foregoing legend on any such certificate representing shares of Common Stock of the Company or any defect therein shall not affect in any manner whatsoever the application or
interpretation of the provisions of Section 7(e) hereof. 
 Section 4. Form of Right Certificates; Notice to Rights
Agent as to Acquiring Person. 
 (a) The Right Certificates (and the forms of election to purchase shares and forms of
assignment to be printed on the reverse thereof), when, as and if issued, shall be substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit B and may have such marks of identification or designation and such legends, summaries or endorsements printed thereon
as the Company may deem appropriate (which do not affect the duties or responsibilities of the Rights Agent) and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Rights Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or
regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which the Rights may from time to time be listed, or to conform to usage. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Right Certificates evidencing the
Rights, whenever issued, on their face shall entitle the holders thereof to purchase, for each Right, one Unit, at the Purchase Price, but the number and type of shares or other property holders thereof shall be entitled to purchase and the Purchase
Price shall be subject to adjustment as provided in this Rights Agreement. 
 (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this
Rights Agreement, any Right Certificate that represents Rights that may be or may have been at any time on or after the Distribution Date beneficially owned by an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate thereof (or any purported transferee of
such Rights) may have impressed on, printed on, written on or otherwise affixed to it the following legend: 
 The beneficial
owner of the Rights represented by this Right Certificate may be an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate (as defined in the Rights Agreement) of an Acquiring Person or a subsequent holder of a Right Certificate beneficially owned by such
Persons. Accordingly, under certain circumstances as provided in the Rights Agreement, this Right Certificate and the Rights represented hereby will be null and void. 

  
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 The provisions of this Rights Agreement shall be operative whether or not the foregoing
legend is imprinted on any such Right Certificate. The Company shall give notice to the Rights Agent promptly after it becomes aware of the existence of any Acquiring Person. 
 Section 5. Countersignature and Registration. 
 (a) The Right
Certificates shall be signed on behalf of the Company by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President of the Company, either manually or by facsimile signature, and shall have affixed thereto the
Company’s seal or a facsimile thereof which shall be attested by the Secretary, Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer of the Company, either manually or by facsimile signature. The Right Certificates shall be
countersigned by the Rights Agent, manually, or where permitted, in facsimile, and shall not be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned. In case any officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Right Certificates shall cease to be
such officer of the Company before countersignature by the Rights Agent and issuance and delivery by the Company, the Right Certificates nevertheless may be countersigned by the Rights Agent, issued and delivered with the same force and effect as
though the person who signed the Right Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the Company; and any Right Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by any person who, at the actual date of the execution of such Right Certificate,
shall be a proper officer of the Company to sign the Right Certificate, although at the date of the execution of this Rights Agreement any such person was not such an officer. 
 (b) Following the Distribution Date and receipt by the Rights Agent of notice to that effect and all other relevant information referred to in Section 3(a), the Rights Agent will

  
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keep or cause to be kept books for registration and transfer of the Right Certificates issued hereunder. The books shall show the names and addresses of the respective holders of the Right
Certificates, the number of Rights evidenced on its face by each of the Right Certificates, the date of each of the Right Certificates, and the certificate numbers for each of the Right Certificates. 

Section 6. Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Right Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right
Certificates. 
 (a) Subject to the provisions of Sections 4(b), 7(e) and 14(b), at any time after the Close of Business on
the Distribution Date and at or prior to the Close of Business on the earlier of the Expiration Date or the Final Expiration Date, any Right Certificate or Right Certificates may be (a) transferred or (b) split up, combined or exchanged
for another Right Certificate or Right Certificates, entitling the registered holder to purchase a like number of Units (and/or other securities or property, as the case may be) as the Right Certificate or Right Certificates surrendered then
entitled such holder to purchase. Any registered holder desiring to transfer any Right Certificate shall surrender the Right Certificate at the office of the Rights Agent designated for this purpose with the form of assignment on the reverse side
thereof duly endorsed (or enclose with such Right Certificate a written instrument of transfer in a form satisfactory to the Company and the Rights Agent, duly executed by the registered holder thereof or the registered holder’s attorney duly
authorized in writing), and with all signatures duly guaranteed. Any registered holder desiring to split up, combine or exchange any Right Certificate shall make such request in writing delivered to the Rights Agent, and shall surrender the Right
Certificate or Right Certificates to be split up, combined or exchanged at the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose. Thereupon the Rights Agent shall countersign (by manual or, where permitted, facsimile signature) and deliver to
the Person entitled thereto a Right Certificate or Right Certificates, as the case may be, as so requested. The Company may require payment from the holder of a Right Certificate of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that may
be imposed in connection with any transfer, split up, combination or exchange of Right Certificates. The Rights Agent shall have no duty or obligation to take any action under this Section 6 unless and until the Rights Agent is reasonably
satisfied that all such taxes and/or charges have been paid. 

  
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 (b) Upon receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to
them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of a Right Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to them, and, if requested by the Company, reimbursement to the Company of all
reasonable expenses incidental thereto, and upon surrender to the Rights Agent and cancellation of the Right Certificate if mutilated, the Company will execute and deliver to the Rights Agent a new Right Certificate of like tenor for delivery to the
registered owner in lieu of the Right Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company may require the owner of any lost, stolen or destroyed Right Certificate, or his legal representative, to give the
Company a bond sufficient to indemnify the Company against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such Right Certificate or the issuance of any such new Right Certificate. 

Section 7. Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights. 

(a) Subject to Section 7(e) or as otherwise provided in this Rights Agreement, the registered holder of any Right Certificate may
exercise the Rights evidenced thereby in whole at any time or in part from time to time after the Distribution Date upon surrender of the Right Certificate, with the form of election to purchase on the reverse side thereof duly executed (with such
signature duly guaranteed), to the Rights Agent at the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purposes together with payment of the Purchase Price (defined below), or portion thereof, as applicable, with respect to each Unit or Units (and/or
other securities or property in lieu thereof) as to which the Rights are exercised, subject to adjustment as hereinafter provided, at or prior to the Close of Business on the earlier of (i) December 31, 2012 (this date, the “Final
Expiration Date”), (ii) the date on which all of the Rights are redeemed as provided in Section 23 (this date, the “Expiration Date”) or (iii) the date on which the Rights are exchanged as provided in
Section 24. 

  
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 (b) The purchase price shall initially be $100.00 for each Unit issuable pursuant to the
exercise of a Right. The purchase price and the number of Units (and/or other securities or property, as the case may be) to be acquired upon exercise of a Right shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in Sections 11 and 13.
(The purchase price, after giving effect to any adjustments, shall be referred to as the “Purchase Price.”) The Purchase Price shall be payable in lawful money of the United States of America, in accordance with Section 7(c).

 (c) Except as provided in Sections 7(d) and 7(e), upon receipt of a Right Certificate with the form of election to purchase
duly executed, accompanied by payment of the Purchase Price, or the applicable portion thereof, for the Units (and/or other securities or property, as the case may be) to be purchased and an amount equal to any applicable tax or governmental charge,
by cash, certified check or official bank check payable to the order of the Company or the Rights Agent, the Rights Agent shall thereupon promptly (i) (A) requisition from the Company or any transfer agent for the Unit certificates for the
number of Units so elected to be purchased, and the Company will comply and hereby authorizes and directs the transfer agent to comply with all such requests or (B) if the Company, in its sole discretion, shall have elected to deposit the
shares of Preferred Stock underlying the Units issuable upon exercise of the Rights hereunder into a depositary, requisition from the depositary agent depositary receipts representing the number of Units as are to be purchased (in which case
certificates for the shares of Preferred Stock underlying the Units represented by the receipts shall be deposited by the transfer agent with the depositary agent) and the Company will direct the depositary agent to comply with such request,
(ii) requisition from the Company the amount of cash to be paid in lieu of issuance of fractional shares in accordance with Section 14(b) and (iii) promptly after receipt of the Units certificates or depositary receipts, as the case
may be, cause the same to be delivered to or upon the order of the registered holder of the Right Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be designated by such holder, and, when appropriate, after receipt promptly deliver the cash to or
upon the order of the registered holder of the Right Certificate; provided, however, that in the case of a purchase of securities pursuant to Section 13, the Rights Agent shall promptly take the appropriate actions corresponding
to the foregoing clauses (i)

  
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through (iii). In the event that the Company is obligated to issue other securities of the Company, pay cash and/or distribute other property pursuant to Section 11(a), the Rights Agent
shall promptly take the appropriate actions corresponding to the foregoing clauses (i) through (iii), as applicable, and the Company shall otherwise make all arrangements necessary so that those other securities, cash and/or other property are
available for distribution by the Rights Agent, if and when necessary to comply with this Rights Agreement. In addition, in the case of an exercise of the Rights by a holder pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii), the Rights Agent shall return the Right
Certificate to the registered holder thereof after imprinting, stamping or otherwise indicating thereon that the Rights represented by the Right Certificate no longer include the rights provided by Section 11(a)(ii) and, if less than all the
Rights represented by such Right Certificate were so exercised, the Rights Agent shall indicate on the Right Certificate the number of Rights represented thereby which continue to include the rights provided by Section 11(a)(ii). In case the
holder of any Rights Certificate shall exercise (except pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii)) less than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new Rights Certificate evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining unexercised shall be issued by the
Rights Agent and delivered to the registered holder of the Rights Certificate or the holder’s duly authorized assigns, subject to the provisions of Section 14(b). 
 (d) Notwithstanding anything in this Rights Agreement to the contrary, neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to undertake any action with respect to a registered holder upon the
occurrence of any purported exercise as set forth in this Section 7 unless the registered holder shall have (i) properly completed and signed the certificate contained in the form of election to purchase set forth on the reverse side of
the Right Certificate surrendered for exercise and (ii) provided such additional evidence of the identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or Associates thereof as the Company or the Rights Agent shall
reasonably request. 
 (e) Notwithstanding anything in this Rights Agreement to the contrary, from and after the first
occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, any Rights beneficially owned by (i) an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate thereof, (ii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any Affiliate or Associate thereof) who becomes a
transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes such, or (iii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or 

  
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of any Affiliate or Associate thereof) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with the Acquiring Person becoming such and receives those Rights pursuant to either (A) a transfer
(whether or not for consideration) from the Acquiring Person to holders of equity interests in the Acquiring Person or to any Person with whom the Acquiring Person has a continuing agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing)
regarding the transferred Rights or (B) a transfer which the Board has determined is part of an agreement, arrangement or understanding which has as a primary purpose or effect the avoidance of this Section 7(e), shall become null and void
without any further action and no holder of those Rights shall have any rights whatsoever with respect to those Rights, whether under any provision of this Rights Agreement or otherwise. The Company shall notify the Rights Agent when this
Section 7(e) applies and shall use best efforts to insure that the provisions of this Section 7(e) and Section 4(b) are complied with, but neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder of Right
Certificates or other Person as a result of the Company’s failure to make any determinations with respect to an Acquiring Person or its Affiliates, Associates or transferees hereunder. 

Section 8. Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates. 

All Right Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise, transfer, split up, combination or exchange shall, if surrendered to the
Company or to any of its agents, be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in cancelled form, or, if surrendered to the Rights Agent, shall be cancelled by it, and no Right Certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly
permitted by any of the provisions of this Rights Agreement. The Company shall deliver to the Rights Agent for cancellation and retirement, and the Rights Agent shall so cancel and retire, any Right Certificate purchased or acquired by the Company
otherwise than upon the exercise thereof. The Rights Agent shall deliver all cancelled Right Certificates to the Company, or shall, at the written request of the Company, destroy the cancelled Right Certificates, and in such case shall deliver a
certificate of destruction thereof to the Company. 

  
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 Section 9. Reservation and Availability of Shares of Preferred Stock.

 (a) The Company covenants and agrees that, from and after the Distribution Date, it will cause to be reserved and kept
available, out of and to the extent of its authorized and unissued shares of Preferred Stock not reserved for another purpose or shares of Preferred Stock not reserved for another purpose held in its treasury, the number of Units that, as provided
in this Rights Agreement, will be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding Rights; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to reserve and keep available Units sufficient to permit the exercise in
full of all outstanding Rights pursuant to the adjustments set forth in Sections 11(a)(ii), 11(a)(iii) or 13 unless, and only to the extent that, the Rights become exercisable pursuant to such adjustments. 

(b) The Company shall (i) use its best efforts to cause, from and after the Distribution Date, the Rights and all Units (and/or
following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, other securities, as the case may be) issued or reserved for issuance upon exercise thereof to be listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE, NASDAQ or another national securities exchange, and
(ii) if then necessary to permit the offer and issuance of such Units and/or other securities, as the case may be, register and qualify such Units (and/or other securities, as the case may be) under the Securities Act and any applicable state
securities or “blue sky” laws (to the extent exemptions therefrom are not available), cause the related registration statement and qualifications to become effective as soon as possible after filing and keep such registration
statement and qualifications effective (with a prospectus at all times meeting the requirements of the Securities Act) until the earlier of the expiration of the 60-day period referred to in Section 11(a)(ii), the Expiration Date or the Final
Expiration Date. The Company may temporarily suspend, for a period of time not to exceed 90 days, the exercisability of the Rights in order to prepare and file a registration statement under the Securities Act and permit it to become effective. Upon
any such suspension, the Company shall issue a public announcement stating that the exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public announcement at such time as the suspension is no longer in effect. The Company
shall notify the Rights Agent whenever it makes a public announcement pursuant to this Section 9(b) and 

  
 - 18 -

 
give the Rights Agent a copy of such announcement. Notwithstanding any provision of this Rights Agreement to the contrary, the Rights shall not be exercisable in any jurisdiction if the requisite
qualification in such jurisdiction shall not have been obtained or the exercise thereof shall not otherwise be permitted under applicable law or a registration statement under the Securities Act (if required) shall not have been declared effective.

 (c) The Company covenants and agrees that it will take all such action as may be necessary to insure that all Units (and/or
other securities) delivered upon exercise of Rights shall, at the time of delivery of the certificates for such Units (and/or other securities) subject to payment of the Purchase Price (or the applicable portion thereof) in respect thereof, be duly
and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and nonassessable Units (and/or other securities, as the case may be) in accordance with applicable law. 
 (d) The Company further covenants and agrees that it will pay when due and payable any and all federal and state transfer taxes and governmental charges which may be payable in respect of the issuance or
delivery of the Right Certificates or of any Units (and/or other securities or property, as the case may be) upon the exercise of Rights. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any tax or charge which may be payable in respect of any
transfer or delivery of Right Certificates to a Person other than, or the issuance or delivery of certificates for Units (and/or other securities or property, as the case may be) upon exercise of Rights in a name other than that of, the registered
holder of the Right Certificate, and the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver a Right Certificate or certificate for Units (and/or other securities or property, as the case may be) to a Person other than the registered holder until any
such tax or charge shall have been paid (any such tax or charge being payable by the holder of such Right Certificate at the time of surrender) or until it has been established to the Company’s satisfaction that no such tax or charge is due.

 Section 10. Preferred Stock Record Date. Each Person in whose name any certificate for Units (and/or other
securities, as the case may be) is issued upon the exercise of Rights shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of record of the Units (and/or other securities, as the case may be) represented thereby on, and the certificate shall
be dated, the date 

  
 - 19 -

 
upon which the Right Certificate evidencing these Rights was duly surrendered and payment of the Purchase Price, or the applicable portion thereof (and any applicable taxes and governmental
charges), was made; provided, however, that if the date of such presentation and payment is a date upon which the transfer books for the Units (and/or other securities, as the case may be) are closed, such Person shall be deemed to
have become the record holder of such Units (and/or other securities) on, and such certificate shall be dated, the next succeeding Business Day on which the transfer books for the Units (and/or other securities) are open. Prior to the exercise of
the Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a Right Certificate, as such, shall not be entitled to any rights of a stockholder of the Company with respect to shares for which the Right shall be exercisable, including without limitation the right to
vote, to receive dividends or other distributions or to exercise any preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to receive any notice of any proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein. 

Section 11. Adjustments to Number and Kind of Securities or Other Property, Number of Rights or Purchase Price. 

The number and kind of securities or other property subject to purchase upon the exercise of each Right, the number of Rights outstanding
and the Purchase Price are subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in this Section 11. 
 (a) (i) In the event
that the Company shall at any time after the date of this Rights Agreement (A) declare or pay any dividend on the shares of Preferred Stock payable in shares of Preferred Stock, (B) subdivide or split the outstanding shares of Preferred
Stock into a greater number of shares, (C) combine or consolidate the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into a smaller number of shares or effect a reverse split of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock or (D) issue any shares of
its capital stock in a reclassification of the shares of Preferred Stock (including any such reclassification in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation), then except as otherwise
provided in this Section 11(a) and Section 7(e), the Purchase Price in effect at the time of the record date for the dividend or of the effective date of the subdivision, split, combination, consolidation or reclassification, and the
number of Units and the number and kind of other securities, as the case 

  
 - 20 -

 
may be, issuable on such date, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the holder of any Right exercised after such time shall be entitled to receive, upon payment of the Purchase Price then in
effect, the aggregate number of Units and/or the number and kind of other securities as the case may be, which, if the Right had been exercised immediately prior to such date, whether or not such Right was then exercisable, and at a time when the
transfer books for the Preferred Stock (or other capital stock, as the case may be) of the Company were open, such holder would have owned upon such exercise and been entitled to receive by virtue of the dividend, subdivision, split, combination
consolidation or reclassification. If an event occurs which would require an adjustment under both Sections 11(a)(i) and 11(a)(ii), the adjustment provided for in this Section 11(a)(i) shall be in addition to, and shall be made prior to, any
adjustment required pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii). 
 (ii) In the event any Person at any time after the Record Date
becomes an Acquiring Person (this event being referred to as a “Section 11(a)(ii) Event”), then, subject to Sections 23(a) and 24, and except as otherwise provided in Section 7(e), each holder of a Right shall, for a period of
sixty days (or such longer period as may be established by the Board) after the later of the occurrence of any such event and the effective date of an appropriate registration statement under the Securities Act pursuant to Section 9, have a
right to receive for each Right, upon exercise thereof in accordance with the terms of this Rights Agreement and payment of the Purchase Price (or the applicable portion thereof) such number of Units as shall equal the result obtained by
(x) multiplying the then current Purchase Price by the then number of Units for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event (whether or not such right was then exercisable), and
(y) dividing that product by 50% of the Current Market Price per Unit on the date of such first occurrence (such number of Units is called the “Adjustment Units”); provided, however, that the Purchase Price and
the number of Adjustment Units shall be further adjusted as appropriate to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction, or as provided in this Agreement to reflect any other events, occurring after the date of such first
occurrence; and provided, further, that if the transaction that would otherwise give rise to the foregoing adjustment is also subject to the provisions of Section 13, then only the provisions of Section 13 shall apply and no
adjustment shall be made pursuant to this Section 11(a)(ii). 

  
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 (iii) In the event that the number of shares of Preferred Stock which are authorized by the
Company’s certificate of incorporation but not outstanding and which are not reserved for issuance for purposes other than upon exercise of the Rights is not sufficient to permit the exercise in full of the Rights for Units in accordance with
Section 11(a)(ii) and the Rights shall become so exercisable, to the extent permitted by applicable laws, each Right shall thereafter represent the right to receive, upon exercise thereof at the Purchase Price, (x) a number of Units (up to
the maximum number of Units which may be permissibly issued), and (y) a number of shares of Common Stock of the Company so that, when added together, the numbers in clauses (x) and (y) equal the number of Adjustment Units. In the
event the number of shares of Preferred Stock and Common Stock which are authorized by the Company’s certificate of incorporation but not outstanding or reserved for issuance for purposes other than upon exercise of the Rights is insufficient
to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with the prior sentence and the Rights shall become so exercisable, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Company shall: (A) determine the value of the Adjustment Units
issuable upon the exercise of a Right (the “Current Value”) and that value shall be conclusive for all purposes; and (B) with respect to each Right, upon exercise of such Right, issue Units and shares of Common Stock of the
Company to the extent available for the exercise in full of such Right and, to the extent Units and shares of Common Stock are not so available, make adequate provision to substitute for the Adjustment Units not received upon exercise of such Right:
(1) other equity securities of the Company (including, without limitation, shares, or units of shares, of preferred stock which, by virtue of having dividend, voting and liquidation rights substantially comparable to the Units, are deemed in
good faith by the Board to have substantially the same value as one Unit (such shares or units of shares of preferred stock are herein called “Unit Equivalents”) and whose determination shall be conclusive for all purposes);
(2) debt securities of the Company; (3) other assets; (4) cash; or (5) any combination of the foregoing determined by the Board, having a value which, when added to the value of the number of Units and the shares of Common Stock
of the Company actually issued upon exercise of such Right, shall have an 

  
 - 22 -

 
aggregate value equal to the Current Value, where such aggregate value has been determined by the Board based upon the advice of a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm
selected by the Board; provided, however, if the Company shall not have made adequate provision to deliver Units, shares of Common Stock and Unit Equivalents pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii), the prior sentence of this paragraph and
clause (B) above within 30 days following the Stock Acquisition Date, then, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Company shall be obligated to deliver, upon the surrender for exercise of a Right and without requiring payment of the
Purchase Price, Units, shares of Common Stock (to the extent available) or Unit Equivalents and then, if necessary, cash, debt securities, or other assets (in that order) which shares, units, cash, debt securities and/or assets have an aggregate
value equal to the excess of the Current Value over the Purchase Price. If the Board shall determine in good faith that it is likely that sufficient additional shares of Preferred Stock, shares of Common Stock or Unit Equivalents could be authorized
for issuance upon exercise in full of the Rights, the 30 day period set forth above may be extended to the extent necessary, but not more than 120 days after the Stock Acquisition Date, in order that the Company may seek stockholder approval for the
authorization of such additional shares or Unit Equivalents (such 30 day period, as it may be extended, is called the “Substitution Period”). To the extent that the Company determines that some action need be taken pursuant to the
foregoing provisions of this Section 11(a)(iii), the Company (x) shall provide, subject to Section 7(e), that this action shall apply uniformly to all outstanding and exercisable Rights, and (y) may suspend the exercisability of
the Rights until the expiration of the Substitution Period in order to seek any authorization of additional shares and/or to decide the appropriate form of distribution to be made pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 11(a)(iii)
and, if necessary, to determine the value thereof. In the event of any such suspension, the Company shall issue a public announcement stating that the exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public announcement
(with a prompt written notice thereof to the Rights Agent) at such time as the suspension is no longer in effect. For purposes of this Section 11(a)(iii), the value of each Unit, each share of Common Stock and the per share or unit value of any
Unit Equivalent shall be deemed to equal the Current Market Price thereof as of the Stock Acquisition Date. 

  
 - 23 -

 (b) In case the Company shall fix a record date for the issuance of rights (other than the
Rights), options or warrants to all holders of shares of Preferred Stock entitling them to subscribe for or purchase (for a period expiring within 45 calendar days after this record date) shares of Preferred Stock and/or securities having the same
rights, privileges and preferences as the Preferred Stock (“Equivalent Preferred Securities”) or securities convertible into Preferred Stock or Equivalent Preferred Securities at a price per share of Preferred Stock or per unit of
Equivalent Preferred Securities (or having a conversion price per share or unit, if a security convertible into Preferred Stock or Equivalent Preferred Securities) less than the Current Market Price per share of Preferred Stock on the record date,
the Purchase Price to be in effect after the record date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to the record date by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Preferred Stock
outstanding on such record date, plus the number of shares of Preferred Stock which the aggregate offering price of the total number of shares of Preferred Stock and/or units of Equivalent Preferred Securities (and/or the aggregate initial
conversion price of the convertible securities so to be offered) would purchase at that Current Market Price, and the denominator of which shall be the number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding on such record date, plus the number of
additional shares of Preferred Stock and/or units of Equivalent Preferred Securities to be offered for subscription or purchase (or into which the convertible securities so to be offered are initially convertible). In case the subscription price may
be paid by delivery of consideration part or all of which may be in a form other than cash, the value of the non-cash consideration shall be as determined in good faith by the Board, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with
the Rights Agent. Shares of Preferred Stock and units of Equivalent Preferred Securities owned by or held for the account of the Company shall not be deemed outstanding for the purpose of any such computation. This adjustment shall be made
successively whenever such a record date is fixed, and in the event that such rights, options or warrants are not so issued, the Purchase Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would then be in effect if the record date had not been
fixed. 
 (c) In case the Company shall fix a record date for a distribution to all holders of shares of Preferred Stock
(including any such distribution made in connection with a 

  
 - 24 -

 
consolidation, merger or share exchange in which the Company is the continuing corporation) of evidences of indebtedness, cash (other than a regular periodic cash dividend), assets (other than a
dividend payable in shares of Preferred Stock, but including any dividend payable in stock other than Preferred Stock) or subscription rights or warrants (excluding those referred to in Section 11(b)), the Purchase Price to be in effect after
such record date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to the record date by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the Current Market Price per share of Preferred Stock on the record date, less the
fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Board, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent) of the portion of the cash, assets or evidences of indebtedness so to be distributed or of such
subscription rights or warrants applicable to a share of Preferred Stock and the denominator of which shall be such Current Market Price per share of Preferred Stock; provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to be
paid upon exercise of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of the shares of capital stock of the Company issuable upon the exercise of one Right. These adjustments shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed; and in the
event that the distribution is not so made, the Purchase Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would have been in effect if such record date had not been fixed. 

(d) (i) For the purpose of any computation hereunder, other than computations made pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii), and subject to
Section 11d(ii), the “Current Market Price” per share of stock or unit of other securities on any date shall be deemed to be the average of the daily closing prices per share of such stock or unit of other securities for the 30
consecutive Trading Days (as such term is hereinafter defined) immediately prior to such date; provided, however, that in the event that the Current Market Price per share of any stock or unit of other securities is determined during a
period following the announcement by the issuer of that stock or other security of (i) any dividend or distribution on such stock or other securities (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend and other than the Rights), or (ii) any
subdivision, split, combination or reclassification of that stock or other securities, and prior to the expiration of the requisite 30 Trading Day period, the ex-dividend date for the dividend or distribution, or the record date for the subdivision,
combination or reclassification occurs, then, and in each such 

  
 - 25 -

 
case, the Current Market Price shall be properly adjusted to take into account ex-dividend trading. The closing price for each day shall be the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such
sale takes place on that day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to shares of stock or units of securities listed or
admitted to trading on the NYSE or NASDAQ or, if the shares of stock or units of any other securities are not listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE or NASDAQ, as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to
shares of stock or units of other securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which the shares of stock or units of other securities are listed or admitted to trading or, if the shares of stock or units of other security are
not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted sale price or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc., Automated Quotations System or any other system then in use, or, if on any such date the shares of such stock or units of such other security are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked
prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in such stock or other securities selected by the Board; provided, that if such security is not listed or quoted on the NYSE or NASDAQ and the principal market for such securities is
a non-U.S. securities exchange, then the closing price for each day shall be determined by using the customary convention for determining the closing price of a security on such exchange as determined by the Board (in which event the exchange rate
of the relevant currency into U.S. dollars for each Trading Day (as defined below) shall be determined by the Board). The term “Trading Day” shall mean a day on which the principal national securities exchange on which the shares of
such stock or units of other securities are listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if the shares of such stock or other units of such security are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities
exchange, a Business Day; provided, that if such security is not listed or quoted on the NYSE or NASDAQ and the principal market for such security is a non-U.S. securities exchange, then “Trading Day” shall mean a day on which such
non-U.S. securities exchange is open for the transaction of business. Subject to Section 11(d)(ii) with respect to Units, if such stock or unit of 

  
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other securities is not publicly held or not so listed, traded or quoted, “Current Market Price” per share or other unit of such securities shall mean the fair value per share of
stock or other unit of such securities as determined in good faith by the Board whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be conclusive for all purposes. 

(ii) For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the “Current Market Price” per Unit shall be determined in the same
manner as set forth above in paragraph (i) of this Section 11(d) (other than the last sentence thereof). If the Current Market Price per Unit cannot be determined in the manner provided above because the Units are not publicly held, listed
or traded or quoted in a manner described in paragraph (i) of this Section 11(d), the “Current Market Price” per Unit shall be conclusively deemed to be an amount equal to the Current Market Price per share of the Common
Stock of the Company. If neither the shares of Common Stock of the Company nor the Units are listed or traded or quoted as described in Section 11(d)(i), “Current Market Price” per share thereof shall mean the fair value per
share of Common Stock of the Company as determined in good faith by the Board, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be conclusive for all purposes. 

(e) Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, no adjustment in the Purchase Price shall be required unless such adjustment would
require an increase or decrease of at least one percent in the Purchase Price; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of this Section 11(e) are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken into
account in any subsequent adjustment. All calculations under this Section 11 shall be made to the nearest cent or to the nearest ten-thousandth of a Unit or share of Common Stock or any other security, as the case may be. Notwithstanding the
first sentence of this Section 11(e), any adjustment required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than the earlier of (i) three years from the date of the transaction which mandates such adjustment, or (ii) the Final
Expiration Date. 
 (f) If as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii) or Section 13(a), the
holder of any Right thereafter exercised shall become entitled to receive any 

  
 - 27 -

 
securities other than Units, thereafter the number of the other securities so receivable upon exercise of any Right and the Purchase Price thereof shall be subject to adjustment from time to time
in a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with respect to the shares of Preferred Stock and/or Units contained in Sections 11(a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l) and (m), and the provisions
of Sections 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14 with respect to the shares of Preferred Stock and/or Units shall apply on like terms to any such other shares. 
 (g) All Rights originally issued by the Company subsequent to any adjustment made to the Purchase Price hereunder shall evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, the number of Units
(and/or other securities) purchasable from time to time hereunder upon exercise of the Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein. 
 (h) Unless the Company shall have exercised its election as provided in Section 11(i), upon each adjustment of the Purchase Price as a result of the calculations made in Sections 11(b) and (c), each
Right outstanding immediately prior to the making of such adjustment shall thereafter evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, that number of Units (calculated to the nearest one-thousandth) equal to the quotient obtained by
(i) multiplying (x) the number of Units covered by a Right immediately prior to this adjustment by (y) the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment of the Purchase Price, and (ii) dividing the product so
obtained by the Purchase Price in effect immediately after such adjustment of the Purchase Price. 
 (i) The Company may elect
on or after the date of any adjustment of the Purchase Price or any adjustment to the number of Units for which a Right may be exercised, to adjust the number of Rights, in lieu of any adjustment in the number of Units purchasable upon the exercise
of a Right. Each of the Rights outstanding after the adjustment in the number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number of Units for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to such adjustment. Each Right held of record prior to such
adjustment of the number of Rights shall become that number of Rights (calculated to the nearest ten-thousandth) obtained by dividing the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to adjustment of the Purchase Price by the Purchase Price in effect
immediately after adjustment of the Purchase Price. The 

  
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Company shall make a public announcement (with prompt notice thereof to the Rights Agent) of its election to adjust the number of Rights, indicating the record date for the adjustment, and, if
known at the time, the amount of the adjustment to be made. This record date may be the date on which the Purchase Price is adjusted or any date thereafter, but, if the Right Certificates have been issued, shall be at least 10 days later than the
date of the public announcement. If Right Certificates have been issued, upon each adjustment of the number of Rights pursuant to this Section 11(i), the Company shall, as promptly as practicable, cause to be distributed to the registered
holders of Right Certificates on the record date Right Certificates evidencing, subject to Section 14, the additional Rights to which the holders shall be entitled as a result of such adjustment, or, at the option of the Company, shall cause to
be distributed to such registered holders in substitution and replacement for the Right Certificates held by such holders prior to the date of adjustment, and upon surrender thereof, if required by the Company, new Right Certificates evidencing all
the Rights to which such holders shall be entitled after such adjustment. Right Certificates so to be distributed shall be issued, executed and countersigned in the manner provided for herein (and may bear, at the option of the Company, the adjusted
Purchase Price) and shall be registered in the names of the registered holders of Right Certificates on the record date specified in the public announcement. 
 (j) Irrespective of any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price or the number of Units issuable upon the exercise of the Rights, the Right Certificates theretofore and thereafter issued may continue to
express the Purchase Price per Unit and the number of Units which were expressed in the initial Right Certificates issued hereunder. 
 (k) Before taking any action that would cause an adjustment reducing the Purchase Price below the then par value, if any, attributable to the Units, shares of Common Stock or other securities issuable
upon exercise of the Rights, the Company shall use best efforts to take any corporate action, which may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Units, shares
of Common Stock or other securities at such adjusted Purchase Price. 

  
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 (l) In any case in which this Section 11 shall require that an adjustment in the
Purchase Price be made effective as of a record date for a specified event, the Company may elect to defer (with prompt written notice thereof to the Rights Agent) until the occurrence of such event the issuance to the holder of any Right exercised
after such record date the Units and/or other securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise over and above the Units and/or other securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise on the basis of the Purchase Price in
effect prior to such adjustment; provided, however, that the Company shall deliver to such holder a due bill or other appropriate instrument evidencing such holder’s right to receive the additional Units and/or other securities
upon the occurrence of the event requiring such adjustment. 
 (m) Anything in this Section 11 to the contrary
notwithstanding, the Company shall be entitled to make such reductions in the Purchase Price, in addition to those adjustments expressly required by this Section 11, as and to the extent that in its good faith judgment the Board shall determine
to be advisable in order that any (i) consolidation or subdivision of the Preferred Stock or Common Stock, (ii) issuance wholly for cash of any shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock at less than the Current Market Price,
(iii) issuance wholly for cash of shares of Common Stock, Preferred Stock or securities which by their terms are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock, (iv) stock dividends or (v) issuance of
rights, options or warrants referred to in this Section 11, hereafter made by the Company to holders of its Common Stock or Preferred Stock, shall not be taxable to such stockholders. 

(n) The Company covenants and agrees that it shall not, at any time after the Distribution Date, (i) consolidate with any other
Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company), (ii) merge with or into any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company), (iii) effect a share exchange with any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company) or
(iv) sell or transfer (or permit any Subsidiary to sell or transfer), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, assets or earning power aggregating more than 50% of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries
(taken as a whole) to, any other Person or Persons 

  
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(other than the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries), if (x) at the time of or immediately after such consolidation, merger, share exchange, sale or transfer there are any rights,
warrants or other instruments or securities outstanding or agreements in effect which would substantially diminish or otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights or (y) prior to, simultaneously with or immediately
after such consolidation, merger, share exchange, sale or transfer, the stockholders of the Person who constitutes, or would constitute, the Principal Party for purposes of Section 13(a) shall have received a distribution of Rights previously
owned by such Person or any of its Affiliates and Associates. The Company shall not consummate any such consolidation, share exchange, merger, sale or transfer unless prior thereto the Company and such other Person shall have executed and delivered
to the Rights Agent a supplemental agreement evidencing compliance with this Section 11(n). 
 (o) The Company covenants
and agrees that, after the Distribution Date, it will not, except as permitted by Section 23, Section 24 or Section 27, take (or permit any Subsidiary to take) any action if at the time such action is taken it is reasonably
foreseeable that such action will diminish substantially or eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights. 
 (p)
Anything in this Rights Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event that at any time after the date of this Rights Agreement and prior to the Distribution Date, the Company shall (i) declare or pay any dividend on the shares of
Common Stock of the Company payable in shares of Common Stock of the Company or (ii) effect a subdivision or split the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company into a greater number of shares of Common Stock of the Company or
(iii) combine or consolidate the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company into a small number of shares or effect a reverse split of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company, then in any such case, each share of Common
Stock outstanding following payment of such dividend, such subdivision, split, combination, consolidation or issuance shall continue to have one Right (as adjusted as otherwise provided herein) associated therewith and the Purchase Price following
any such event shall be proportionately adjusted to equal the result obtained by multiplying the Purchase Price immediately prior to such event by a fraction the numerator of which shall be the total number of

  
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shares of Common Stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to the occurrence of the event and the denominator of which shall be the total number of shares of Common Stock of the Company
outstanding immediately following the occurrence of such event. The adjustment provided for in the preceding sentence shall be made successively whenever such a dividend is declared or paid or such a subdivision, combination or consolidation is
effected. 
 Section 12. Certification of Adjustments. Whenever an adjustment is made as provided in Sections 11 or
13, the Company shall (a) promptly prepare a certificate setting forth the adjustment and a brief statement of facts and computations accounting for such adjustment, (b) promptly file with the Rights Agent and with each transfer agent for
the shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock a copy of the certificate, and (c) if a Distribution Date has occurred, mail or cause the Rights Agent to mail a brief summary thereof to each registered holder of a Right Certificate (or, if prior
to the Distribution Date, to each holder of record of shares of Common Stock) in accordance with Section 26. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, the failure of the Company to prepare such certificate or statement or make such filings or
mailings shall not affect the validity of, or the force or effect of, the requirement for such adjustment. The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying on any certificate prepared by the Company pursuant to Sections 11 or 13 and shall have
no duty with respect to any adjustment therein contained. Any adjustment to be made pursuant to Sections 11 or 13 shall be effective as of the date of the event giving rise to the adjustment. 

Section 13. Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power. 

(a) In the event that, at any time on or after the Stock Acquisition Date, directly or indirectly, (x) the Company shall consolidate
with, merge with and into, any other Person or Persons and the Company shall not be the surviving or continuing corporation of the consolidation or merger, or engage in any share exchange pursuant to which its shares are acquired, (y) any
Person or Persons shall consolidate with, or merge with and into, the Company, or engage in any share exchange with the Company, and the Company shall be the continuing, surviving or acquiring corporation of the consolidation, merger or share
exchange and, in connection with the consolidation, merger or share exchange, all or part of the outstanding shares 

  
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of Common Stock of the Company shall be changed into or exchanged for stock or other securities of any other Person or of the Company or cash or any other property, or (z) the Company or one
or more of its Subsidiaries shall sell or otherwise transfer to any other Person or any Affiliate or Associate of such Person, in one or a series of related transactions, assets or earning power aggregating more than 30% of the assets or earning
power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole), then, on the first occurrence of any such event on or after the Stock Acquisition Date (each such event a “Section 13 Event”), proper provision shall be made so that
(i) each registered holder of a Right shall, for a period of 60 days after the later of the occurrence of such event and the effectiveness of an appropriate registration statement under the Securities Act pursuant to Section 13(c), have
the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof and payment of the Purchase Price in accordance with the terms of this Rights Agreement, in lieu of Units, such number of shares of validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and freely tradeable
shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party (as defined herein) not subject to any liens, encumbrances, rights of first refusal or other adverse claims, as shall be equal to the result obtained by (1) multiplying the then current Purchase
Price by the number of Units for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event (or, if a Section 11(a)(ii) Event has occurred prior to the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event,
multiplying the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event by the number of Units for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to such first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii)
Event) and (2) dividing that product by 50% of the Current Market Price (determined as provided in Section 11(d)) per share of the Common Stock of the Principal Party on the date of consummation of the Section 13 Event (or the
Current Market Price of other securities or property of the Principal Party as of such date); provided that the Purchase Price and the number of shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party issuable upon exercise of each Right shall be
further adjusted as appropriate to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction, or as provided in this Rights Agreement to reflect any other events, occurring after the date of the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event;
(ii) the Principal Party shall thereafter be liable for, and shall assume, by virtue of such Section 13 Event, all the obligations and duties of the Company pursuant to this Rights Agreement; (iii) the term

  
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“Company” for all purposes of this Rights Agreement shall thereafter be deemed to refer to such Principal Party, it being specifically intended that the provisions of
Section 11 shall only apply to the Principal Party following the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event; and (iv) the Principal Party shall take such steps (including, but not limited to, the reservation of a sufficient number of
shares of its authorized Common Stock, or if there are an insufficient number of authorized shares of its Common Stock, securities with rights substantially similar to those shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party, which have not been issued
or reserved for any other purpose in order to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with this Section 13) in connection with the consummation of any such transaction as may be necessary to assure that the provisions of this
Rights Agreement shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as reasonably may be, in relation to the shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party thereafter deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights; provided, however, that, upon the
subsequent occurrence of any merger, consolidation, share exchange, sale of all or substantially all assets, recapitalization, reclassification of shares, reorganization or other extraordinary transaction in respect of the Principal Party, each
holder of a Right shall thereupon be entitled to receive, upon exercise of a Right and payment of the Purchase Price, the cash, shares, rights, warrants and other property which the holder would have been entitled to receive had the holder, at the
time of that transaction, owned the shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party purchasable upon the exercise of a Right, and the Principal Party shall take such steps (including, but not limited to, reservation of shares of stock) as may be
necessary to permit the subsequent exercise of the Rights in accordance with the terms for such cash, shares, rights, warrants and other property. 
 (b) “Principal Party” shall mean 
 (i) in the case of any
transaction described in (x) or (y) of the first sentence of Section 13(a) : (A) the Person that is the issuer of the securities into which shares of Common Stock of the Company are converted in such merger, consolidation or
share exchange or, if there is more than one such issuer, the issuer the shares of Common Stock of which has the greatest market value or (B) if no securities are so issued, (x) the Person that is the other party to

  
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the merger, consolidation or share exchange and that survives said merger, consolidation or share exchange or, if there is more than one such Person, the Person the shares of Common Stock of
which has the greatest market value or (y) if the Person that is the other party to the merger, consolidation or share exchange does not survive the merger, consolidation or share exchange, the Person that does survive the merger, consolidation
or share exchange (including the Company if it survives); and 
 (ii) in the case of any transaction described in (z) of
the first sentence in Section 13(a), the Person that is the party receiving the greatest portion of the assets or earning power transferred pursuant to such transaction or transactions or, if each Person that is a party to such transaction or
transactions receives the same portion of the assets or earning power so transferred or if the Person receiving the greatest portion of the assets or earning power cannot be determined, whichever of those Persons as is the issuer of shares of Common
Stock having the greatest market value of shares outstanding; 
 provided, however, that in any such case described in the
foregoing (b)(i) or (b)(ii): (1) if the shares of Common Stock of that Person is not at such time and has not been continuously over the preceding 12-month period registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, and that Person is a direct
or indirect Subsidiary of another Person the shares of Common Stock of which is and has been so registered, the term “Principal Party” shall refer to that other Person; (2) if the Common Stock of such Person is not and has not
so been registered and such Person is a Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, of more than one Person, the shares of Common Stock of two or more of which are and have been so registered, the term “Principal Party” shall refer to
whichever of such Persons is the issuer of the shares of Common Stock having the greatest aggregate market value of shares outstanding; and (3) if the Common Stock of such Person is not and has not so been registered and such Person is owned,
directly or indirectly, by a joint venture formed by two or more Persons that are not owned, directly or indirectly, by the same Person, the rules set forth in (1) and (2) above shall apply to each of the chains of the ownership having an
interest in such joint venture as if the party were a Subsidiary of both or all of such joint 

  
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venturers, and the Principal Parties in each such chain shall bear the obligations set forth in this Section 13 in the same ratio as their direct or indirect interests in such Person bear to
the total of those interests. 
 (c) The Company shall not consummate any consolidation, merger, share exchange, sale or
transfer referred to in Section 13(a) unless prior thereto the Company and the Principal Party involved therein shall have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent an agreement confirming that the requirements of Sections 13(a) and
(b) shall promptly be performed in accordance with their terms and that such consolidation, merger, share exchange, sale or transfer of assets shall not result in a default by the Principal Party under this Rights Agreement as the same shall
have been assumed by the Principal Party pursuant to Sections 13(a) and (b) and further providing that, as soon as practicable after executing such agreement pursuant to this Section 13, the Principal Party will: 

(i) prepare and file a registration statement under the Securities Act, if necessary, with respect to the Rights and the securities
purchasable upon exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form, use its best efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective as soon as practicable after the filing and use its best efforts to cause such registration statement to
remain effective (with a prospectus at all times meeting the requirements of the Securities Act) for at least 60 days after the registration first becomes effective, and similarly comply with applicable state securities laws; 

(ii) use its best efforts, if the shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party shall become listed on a national securities exchange,
to list (or continue the listing of) the Rights and the securities purchasable upon exercise of the Rights on such securities exchange and, if the shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party shall not be listed on a national securities exchange,
to cause the Rights and the securities purchasable upon exercise of the Rights to be listed by NYSE or another national securities exchange; 

  
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 (iii) deliver to holders of the Rights historical financial statements for the Principal
Party which comply in all respects with the requirements for registration on Form 10 (or any successor form) under the Exchange Act; and 
 (iv) obtain waivers of any rights of first refusal or preemptive rights in respect of the shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party subject to purchase upon exercise of outstanding Rights. 

In the event that any of the transactions described in Section 13(a) shall occur at any time after the occurrence of a transaction
described in Section 11(a)(ii), the Rights shall thereafter continue to be exercisable in the manner described in Section 13(a). The provisions of this Section 13 shall similarly apply to all successive Section 13 Events.

 (d) Furthermore, in case the Principal Party which is to be a party to a transaction referred to in this Section 13 has a
provision in any of its authorized securities or in its charter or bylaws or other instrument governing its corporate affairs, which provision would have the effect of (i) causing the Principal Party to issue, in connection with, or as a
consequence of, the consummation of a transaction referred to in this Section 13, shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party at less than the then Current Market Price or par value per share or other securities of the Principal Party at less
than such then Current Market Price (other than to holders of Rights pursuant to this Section 13) or (ii) providing for any special payment, tax or similar provisions in connection with the issuance of shares of Common Stock of the
Principal Party pursuant to the provisions of this Section 13, then, in such event, the Company hereby agrees with each holder of Rights that it shall not consummate any such transaction unless prior thereto the Company and such Principal Party
shall have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent a supplemental agreement providing that the provision in question of such Principal Party shall have been cancelled, waived or amended, or that the authorized securities shall be redeemed, so
that the applicable provision will have no effect in connection with, or as a consequence of, the consummation of the proposed transaction. 

  
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 Section 14. Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares. 

(a) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Rights or to distribute Right Certificates which evidence
fractional Rights. Units may, at the election of the Company,
be evidenced by depositary receipts, pursuant to an appropriate agreement between the Company and a depositary selected by it, provided that the agreement shall provide that the
holders of the depositary receipts shall have all the rights, privileges and preferences to which they are entitled as beneficial owners of the Units represented by the depositary receipts. In lieu of such fractional Rights, there may be paid to the
holders of record of the Right Certificates with regard to which the fractional Rights would otherwise be issuable an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the then Current Market Value of a whole Right. 

(b) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Units or other securities upon exercise of the Rights or to distribute
certificates which evidence fractional Units or other securities. In lieu of issuing fractions of Units or other securities, there may be paid to the registered holders of Right Certificates at the time the Right Certificates are exercised as herein
provided an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the then Current Market Value of a Unit or other securities, as the case may be. 
 (c) The holder of a Right by the acceptance of a Right expressly waives his right to receive any fractional Right or fractional Unit or other fractional securities (other than the fractional shares of
Preferred Stock represented by Units) upon exercise of a Right. 
 Section 15. Rights of Action. All rights of
action in respect of this Agreement, except those rights of action vested in the Rights Agent pursuant to Sections 18 and 20, are vested in the respective registered holders of the Right Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the holders
of record of the Common Stock); and any registered holder of any Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the shares of Common Stock), without the consent of the Rights Agent or of the holder of any other Right Certificate (or, prior
to the Distribution Date, any shares of Common Stock), may, in its own behalf and for its own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding against the Company or any other Person to

  
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enforce, or otherwise act in respect of, its right to exercise the Rights evidenced by the Right Certificate in the manner provided in the Right Certificate and in this Agreement. Without
limiting the foregoing or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is specifically acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have an adequate remedy at law for any breach of this Agreement and, accordingly, that they will be
entitled to specific performance of the obligations under, and injunctive relief against actual or threatened violations of, the obligations of any Person subject to this Agreement. 

Section 16. Agreement of Right Holders. Every holder of a Right by accepting the same consents and agrees with the Company
and the Rights Agent and with every other holder of a Right that: 
 (a) prior to the Distribution Date, the Rights will not be
evidenced by a Rights Certificate and will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of Common Stock of the Company; 

(b) after the Distribution Date, the Right Certificates will be transferable only on the registry books of the Rights Agent if
surrendered at the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purposes, duly endorsed or accompanied by a proper instrument of transfer and with the appropriate forms and certificates contained therein duly executed; 

(c) subject to Section 6 and Section 7(e), the Company and the Rights Agent may deem and treat the Person in whose name the
Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the associated Common Stock certificate) is registered as the absolute owner thereof and of the Rights evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or writing on the Right
Certificate or the associated Common Stock certificate made by anyone other than the Company or the Rights Agent or the transfer agent of the shares of Common Stock) for all purposes whatsoever, and neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall be
affected by any notice to the contrary; and 
 (d) notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, neither the
Company, its directors, officers, employees and agents nor the Rights Agent shall have any 

  
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liability to any holder of a Right or other Person as a result of its inability to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement by reason of any preliminary or permanent injunction or
other order, decree, judgment or ruling (whether interlocutory or final) issued by a court of competent jurisdiction or by a governmental, regulatory or administrative agency or commission, or by reason of any statute, rule, regulation or executive
order promulgated or enacted by any governmental authority, prohibiting or otherwise restraining performance of such obligation. 
 Section 17. Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder. No holder of a Right, as such, shall be entitled to vote, receive dividends in respect of or be deemed for any purpose to be the
holder of shares of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Units or any other securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable upon the exercise of the Rights, nor shall anything contained herein or in any Right Certificate be construed to confer
upon the holder of any Right Certificate, as such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold
consent to any corporate action, or to receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in Section 25 hereof), or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Right or Rights
evidenced by such Right Certificate shall have been exercised in accordance with the provisions. 
 Section 18.
Concerning the Rights Agent. 
 (a) The Company agrees to pay to the Rights Agent reasonable compensation for all
services rendered by it hereunder and, from time to time, on demand of the Rights Agent, reimbursement of its reasonable expenses and counsel fees and disbursements and other disbursements incurred in the preparation, delivery, amendment,
administration and execution of this Rights Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Rights Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability, demand, judgment, fine,
penalty, claim, settlement, cost or expense incurred without gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent as each must be finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, for any action taken, suffered or
omitted by the Rights Agent in connection with the acceptance and administration of this Rights Agreement, including the costs and expenses of defending against any claim of liability in the premises. 

  
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 (b) The Rights Agent shall be authorized and protected and shall incur no liability for or
in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith in connection with its administration of this Rights Agreement in reliance upon any Right Certificate, certificate for shares of Common or Preferred Stock, Units or other
securities of the Company, instrument of assignment or transfer, power of attorney, endorsement, affidavit, letter, notice, direction, consent, certificate, statement or other paper or document reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to be
signed, executed and, where necessary, guaranteed, verified or acknowledged, by the proper person or persons. 
 The indemnity
provided herein shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the termination and the expiration of the Rights. The costs and expenses incurred in enforcing this right of indemnification shall be paid by the Company. Anything to the contrary
notwithstanding, in no event shall the Rights Agent be liable for special, punitive, indirect, consequential or incidental loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits) (other than by reason of bad faith or
willful misconduct), even if the Rights Agent has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage. Any liability of the Rights Agent under this Rights Agreement (other than by reason of bad faith or willful misconduct) will be limited to the
amount of fees paid by the Company to the Rights Agent. 
 Section 19. Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of
Rights Agent. 
 (a) Any Person into which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent may be merged or with which it may
be consolidated, or any Person resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to the shareholder services business of the Rights Agent or any successor
Rights Agent, shall be the successor to the Rights Agent under this Rights Agreement without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, provided that such Person would be eligible for
appointment as a successor Rights Agent under 

  
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the provisions of Section 21. In case at the time such successor Rights Agent shall succeed to the agency created by this Rights Agreement, any of the Right Certificates shall have been
countersigned but not delivered, any such successor Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of the predecessor Rights Agent and deliver such Right Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that time any of the Right Certificates shall not
have been countersigned, any successor Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either in the name of the predecessor Rights Agent or in the name of the successor Rights Agent; and in all such cases such Right Certificates shall have the
full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this Rights Agreement. 
 (b) In case at any time the name of the Rights
Agent shall be changed and at such time any of the Right Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature under its prior name and deliver such Right Certificates so countersigned; and in
case at that time any of the Right Certificates shall not have been countersigned, the Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either in its prior name or in its changed name; and in all such cases such Right Certificates shall have the
full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this Rights Agreement. 
 Section 20. Duties of Rights Agent.
The Rights Agent undertakes to perform only the duties and obligations expressly imposed by this Rights Agreement upon the following terms and conditions, by all of which the Company and the holders of Right Certificates, by their acceptance
thereof, shall be bound: 
 (a) The Rights Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be legal counsel for the Company), and
the advice or opinion of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection to the Rights Agent and the Rights Agent shall incur no liability for or in respect of, any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith and in
accordance with such advice or opinion. 
 (b) Whenever in the performance of its duties under this Rights Agreement the Rights
Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter (including, without limitation, the identity of any Acquiring Person and the determination of Current Market Price) 

  
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be proved or established by the Company prior to taking, suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically
prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a certificate signed by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or any Vice President of the Company and by the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer,
the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Rights Agent; and such certificate shall be full authorization and protection to the Rights Agent, and the Rights Agent shall incur no liability for or in respect of any
action taken, suffered or omitted in good faith by it under the provisions of this Rights Agreement in reliance upon such certificate. 
 (c) The Rights Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct, as each is finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. 

(d) The Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Rights Agreement
or in the Right Certificates (except its countersignature thereof) or be required to verify the same, but all such statements and recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only. 

(e) The Rights Agent shall not have any liability for nor be under any responsibility in respect of the validity of this Rights Agreement
or the execution and delivery hereof (except the due execution hereof by the Rights Agent) or in respect of the validity or execution of any Right Certificate (except its countersignature thereon); nor shall it be liable nor responsible for any
breach by the Company of any covenant or condition contained in this Rights Agreement or in any Right Certificate; nor shall it be liable or responsible for any adjustment required under the provisions of Sections 11 or 13 or responsible for the
manner, method or amount of any such adjustment or the ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment (except with respect to the exercise of Rights evidenced by Right Certificates after receipt of a certificate
describing any such adjustment); nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any representation or warranty as to the authorization or reservation of any shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock to be issued pursuant to this

  
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Rights Agreement or any Right Certificate or as to whether any shares of Preferred Stock (or other securities, as the case may be) will, when issued, be validly authorized and issued, fully paid
and nonassessable. 
 (f) The Company agrees that it will perform, execute, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be performed,
executed, acknowledged and delivered all such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required by the Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by the Rights Agent of the provisions of this Rights Agreement.

 (g) The Rights Agent is hereby authorized and directed to accept instructions with respect to the performance of its duties
hereunder from the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President, the Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Company, and to apply to such officers for advice or
instructions in connection with its duties, and such advice or instructions shall be full authorization and protection to the Rights Agent and the Rights Agent shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted to be
taken by it in good faith in accordance with the advice or instructions of any such officer. 
 (h) The Rights Agent and any
stockholder, Affiliate, director, officer or employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the Rights or other securities of the Company or become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in which the Company may be interested, or
contract with or lend money to the Company or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not the Rights Agent under this Rights Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude the Rights Agent from acting in any other capacity for the Company or
for any other Person. 
 (i) If, with respect to any Rights Certificate surrendered to the Rights Agent for exercise or
transfer, the certificate contained in the form of assignment or the form of election to purchase set forth on the reverse thereof, as the case may be, has either not been completed or indicates an affirmative response to clause 1 and/or 2 of such
certificate, the Rights Agent shall not take any further action with respect to such requested exercise of transfer without first consulting with the Company. 

  
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 (j) No provision of this Agreement shall require the Rights Agent to expend or risk its own
funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder (other than internal costs incurred by the Rights Agent in providing services to the Company in the ordinary course of its business as Rights Agent)
or in the exercise of its rights if it believes that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnification against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. 
 (k) The Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself or by or through its attorneys or agents, and the Rights Agent
shall not be liable, answerable or accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any such attorneys or agents or for any loss to the Company, any holder of Rights or any other Person resulting from any such act, default, neglect or
misconduct, absent gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct in the selection and continued employment thereof, as each is finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. 

Section 21. Change of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its
duties under this Rights Agreement upon 30 days notice in writing mailed to the Company and to each transfer agent of the shares of Common Stock by registered or certified mail, and to the registered holders of the Right Certificates by mail. The
Company may remove the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent (with or without cause) upon 30 days notice in writing, mailed to the Rights Agent or successor Rights Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer agent of the shares of Common
Stock by registered or certified mail, and to the registered holders of the Right Certificates by mail. If the Rights Agent shall resign or be removed or shall otherwise become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a successor to the Rights
Agent. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 21, in no event shall the resignation or removal of a Rights Agent be effective until a successor Rights Agent shall have been appointed and have accepted such appointment. If the
Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of 30 days after such removal or after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated Rights Agent or by the registered holder of a
Right Certificate (who shall, with such notice, submit such 

  
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holder’s Right Certificate for inspection by the Company), then the incumbent Rights Agent or the registered holder of any Right Certificate may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction
for the appointment of a new Rights Agent. Any successor Rights Agent, whether appointed by the Company or by such a court, shall be (a) a Person organized and doing business under the laws of the United States, the State of Delaware or of any
other state of the United States so long as such Person is in good standing, is authorized to do business in such state, is authorized under such laws to exercise shareholder services powers, is subject to supervision or examination by federal or
state authority and has at the time of its appointment as Rights Agent a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 or (b) an Affiliate of a Person described in clause (a) of this sentence. After appointment, the successor Rights
Agent shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if it had been originally named as Rights Agent without further act or deed; but the predecessor Rights Agent shall deliver and transfer to the successor Rights Agent
any property at the time held by it hereunder, and shall execute and deliver, if applicable, any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed necessary for that purpose. Not later than the effective date of any such appointment, the Company shall file
notice thereof in writing with the predecessor Rights Agent and each transfer agent of the Common Stock, and mail a notice thereof in writing to the registered holders of the Right Certificates, if any. Failure to give any notice provided for in
this Section 21, however, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of the resignation or removal of the Rights Agent or the appointment of the successor Rights Agent, as the case may be. 

Section 22. Issuance of New Right Certificates. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Rights Agreement or of the
Rights to the contrary, the Company may, at its option, issue new Right Certificates evidencing Rights in such form as may be approved by its Board to reflect any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price and the number or kind or class of shares
of stock or other securities or property purchasable under the Right Certificates made in accordance with the provisions of this Rights Agreement. In addition, in connection with the issuance or sale of shares of Common Stock of the Company
following the Distribution Date and prior to the earlier of the Redemption Date and the Final Expiration Date, the Company (a) shall, with respect to shares of Common Stock of the Company so issued or sold pursuant to the exercise of stock

  
 - 46 -

 
options or under any employee plan or arrangement, or upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of securities hereafter issued by the Company, and (b) may, in any other case, if deemed
necessary or appropriate by the Board, issue Right Certificates representing the appropriate number of Rights in connection with such issuance or sale; provided, however, that (i) no such Right Certificate shall be issued if, and
to the extent that, the Company shall be advised by counsel that such issuance would create a significant risk of material adverse tax consequences to the Company or the Person to whom such Right Certificate would be issued, and (ii) no such
Right Certificate shall be issued, if, and to the extent that, appropriate adjustment shall otherwise have been made in lieu of the issuance thereof. 
 Section 23. Redemption. 
 (a) (i) The Board may, at its option,
at any time prior to the earlier of (x) the Close of Business on the Stock Acquisition Date or (y) the Close of Business on the Final Expiration Date, direct the Company to, and if directed, the Company shall redeem all but not less than
all of the then outstanding Rights at a redemption price of $0.001 per Right (the total amount paid to any holder of Rights to be rounded up to the nearest $0.01), as such amount may be appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock
dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date (such redemption price being hereinafter referred to as the “Redemption Price”). 
 (ii) In addition, the Board may redeem all but not less than all of the then outstanding Rights at the Redemption Price following the occurrence of a Stock Acquisition Date but prior to any
Section 13 Event either (x) in connection with any event specified in clauses (x),(y) or (z) of Section 13(a) in which all holders of shares of Common Stock and Units are treated alike and not involving (other than as a holder of
shares of Common Stock or Units being treated like all other such holders) an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person, or any other Person acting directly or indirectly on behalf of or in association with any such
Acquiring Person, Affiliate or Associate, or (y) following the occurrence of a Stock Acquisition Date if and for as long as neither the Acquiring Person nor any Affiliate or 

  
 - 47 -

 
Associate thereof is thereafter the Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the Common Stock of the Company then outstanding, and at the time of redemption there is no other person who is an Acquiring
Person. 
 (b) Immediately upon the action of the Board directing the Company to make the redemption of the Rights, evidence of
which shall have been filed with the Rights Agent, and without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right thereafter of the holders of Rights shall be to receive the Redemption Price
for each Right so held. Promptly after the action of the Board directing the Company to make such redemption of the Rights, the Company shall give notice of such redemption to the Rights Agent and each such holder of the then outstanding Rights by
mailing such notice to the Rights Agent and to each such holders at such holder’s last address as it appears upon the registry books of the Rights Agent, or, prior to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of the transfer agent for the
Common Stock. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice. Each such notice of redemption will state the method by which the payment of the Redemption Price will be
made, unless such notice is mailed together with such payment. 
 In the case of a redemption permitted under
Section 23(a), the Company may, at its option, discharge all of its obligations with respect to the Rights by (i) issuing a press release announcing the manner of redemption of the Rights (with prompt notice thereof to the Rights Agent)
and (ii) mailing payment of the Redemption Price to each registered holder of the Rights at each such holder’s last address as it appears on the registry books of the Rights Agent or, prior to the Distribution Date, on the registry books
of the transfer agent of the Common Stock, and upon such action, all outstanding Rights Certificates shall be null and void without any further action by the Company. 
 Section 24. Exchange. 
 (a) The Board may, at its option, at any time
after the time that any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, authorize the exchange of all or part of the then outstanding and 

  
 - 48 -

 
exercisable Rights (which shall not include Rights that have become null and void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7(e)) for Units at an exchange ratio equal to two Units (or, in the
discretion of the Board, two shares of Common Stock in lieu thereof or such lesser number of shares of Common Stock (but not less than one) as shall be determined by the Board) per Right, appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock
dividend or similar transaction involving either the shares of Common Stock of the Company or the shares of Preferred Stock occurring after the date of this Agreement (such exchange ratio being hereinafter referred to as the “Exchange
Ratio”). The Board may, in connection with any exchange authorized pursuant to this Section 24(a), adopt procedures for the implementation of the exchange transaction. 

(b) Immediately upon the action of the Board authorizing the exchange of any Rights pursuant to Section 24(a) and without any
further action and without any notice, the right to exercise such Rights shall terminate and the only right thereafter of the holders of such Rights shall be to receive that number of Units (or shares of Common Stock of the Company, as applicable)
equal to the number of such Rights held by such holder multiplied by the Exchange Ratio. The Company shall promptly give public notice of any such exchange; provided, however, that the failure to give, or any defect in, such notice
shall not affect the validity of such exchange. The Company shall promptly mail a notice of any such exchange to all of the holders of Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon the registry books of the Rights Agent. Any notice which is
mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice. Each notice of exchange will state the method by which the exchange of Units (or shares of Common Stock of the Company, as applicable) for
Rights will be effected and, in the event of any partial exchange, the number of Rights which will be exchanged. Any partial exchange shall be effected pro rata based on the number of Rights (other than Rights which have become null and void
pursuant to the provisions of Section 7(e)) held by each holder of Rights. 
 (c) In any exchange pursuant to this
Section 24, the Company, at its option, may, and to the extent there are an insufficient number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock not reserved for any other purpose to exchange all of the outstanding Rights shall substitute

  
 - 49 -

 
shares of Common Stock of the Company or Unit Equivalents for some or all of the Units exchangeable for Rights, at the initial rate of one share of Common Stock or Unit Equivalent for each Unit.

 (d) The Board shall not authorize any exchange transaction referred to in Section 24(a) unless at the time such exchange
is authorized there shall be sufficient shares of Preferred Stock (or shares of Common Stock of the Company, as applicable) issued but not outstanding, or authorized but unissued, to permit the exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with
this Section 24. 
 Section 25. Notice of Proposed Actions. 

(a) In case the Company shall propose, at any time after the Distribution Date, (i) to pay any dividend to the holders of record of
its shares of Preferred Stock payable in stock of any class or to make any other distribution to the holders of record of its shares of Preferred Stock (other than a regular periodic cash dividend out of earnings or retained earnings of the
Company), (ii) to offer to the holders of record of its shares of Preferred Stock options, warrants, or other rights to subscribe for or to purchase shares of Preferred Stock (including any security convertible into or exchangeable for shares
of Preferred Stock) or shares of stock of any class or any other securities, options, warrants, convertible or exchangeable securities or other rights, (iii) to effect any reclassification of its shares of Preferred Stock or any
recapitalization or reorganization of the Company, (iv) to effect any consolidation, combination or merger with or into, or any share exchange with, or to effect any sale or other transfer (or to permit one or more of its Subsidiaries to effect
any sale or other transfer), in one or more transactions, of 50% or more of the assets, earning power or cash flow of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to, any other Person or Persons, or (v) to effect the liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of the Company, then, in each such case, the Company shall give to the Rights Agent and to each registered holder of a Right Certificate, to the extent feasible and in accordance with Section 26, a notice of such
proposed action, which shall specify the record date for the purposes of such dividend or distribution, or the date on which such reclassification, recapitalization, reorganization, consolidation, combination, merger, share exchange, sale or
transfer of assets, 

  
 - 50 -

 
liquidation, dissolution, or winding up is to take place and the record date for determining participation therein by the holders of record of shares of Preferred Stock, if any such date is to be
fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the case of any action covered by clause (i) or (ii) above at least 10 days prior to the record date for determining holders of record of the shares of Preferred Stock for purposes of such
action, and in the case of any such other action, at least 10 days prior to the date of the taking of such proposed action or the date of participation therein by the holders of record of the shares of Preferred Stock, whichever shall be the
earlier. The failure to give notice required by this Section 25 or any defect therein shall not affect the legality or validity of the action taken by the Company or the vote upon any such action. 

(b) In case a Section 11(a)(ii) Event or Section 13 Event is proposed, then, in any such case, the Company shall, as soon as
practicable thereafter, give to the Rights Agent and to each registered holder of Rights, to the extent feasible, in accordance with Section 26, notice of the occurrence of such event or proposal of such transaction which notice shall specify
the proposed event and the consequences of the event to holders of Rights under Section 11(a)(ii) or Section 13, as the case may be, and, upon consummating such transaction, shall similarly give notice thereof to each holder of Rights.

 Section 26. Notices. Notices or demands authorized by this Rights Agreement to be given or made by the Rights
Agent or by the registered holder of any Right Certificate or Right to or on behalf of the Company shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing with the Rights
Agent) as follows: 
 CVR Energy, Inc. 
 2277 Plaza Drive Suite 500 
 Sugar Land, TX 77479 

Attention: Corporate Secretary 

  
 - 51 -

 Subject to the provisions of Section 21, any notice or demand authorized by this Rights
Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the registered holder of any Right Certificate or Right to or on the Rights Agent shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address
is filed in writing with the Company) as follows: 
 American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC 

6201 15th Avenue 
 Brooklyn, New York 11219 
 Attention: Relationship Manager 

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to: 
 American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC 
 6201
15th Avenue 

Brooklyn, New York 11219 
 Attention: General Counsel 
 Notices or demands authorized by this Rights
Agreement to be given or made by the Company or the Rights Agent to the registered holder of any Right Certificate or Right shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such holder at the address of such holder
as it appears upon the registry books of the Rights Agent or, prior to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of the transfer agent. 
 Section 27. Supplements and Amendments. Subject to extension by the Board by amendments, prior to the Close of Business on the Stock Acquisition Date, the Company may in its sole and absolute
discretion and the Rights Agent shall, if the Company so directs, supplement or amend any provision of this Agreement (including without limitation amendments that increase or decrease the Purchase Price or Redemption Price or accelerate or extend
the Final Expiration Date or the period in which Rights may be redeemed), without the approval of any holders of the Rights or shares of Common Stock. From and after the Close of Business on the Stock Acquisition Date, the Company may and the Rights
Agent shall, if the Company so directs, supplement or amend this Agreement without the approval of any holders of Right Certificates in 

  
 - 52 -

 
order (i) to cure any ambiguity, (ii) to correct or supplement any provision contained herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions herein, (iii) to
shorten or lengthen any time period hereunder, or (iv) to change or supplement the provisions hereunder in any manner which the Company may deem necessary or desirable which shall not adversely affect the interests of the holders of Right
Certificates (other than any interest an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person has other than as a holder of Rights). In addition, the Company may and the Rights Agent shall, if the Company so directs, supplement or
amend this Agreement without the approval of any holders of Rights Certificates following the occurrence of a Stock Acquisition Date but prior to a Section 13 Event either (x) in connection with any event specified in clauses (x),
(y) and (z) of Section 13(a) in which all holders of Common Stock and Units are treated alike and not involving (other than as a holder of shares of Common Stock or Units being treated like all other such holders) an Acquiring Person
or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person, or any other Person acting directly or indirectly on behalf of or in association with any such Acquiring Person, Affiliate or Associate, or (y) following the occurrence of a Stock Acquisition
Date if and for as long as the Acquiring Person is not thereafter the Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the Common Stock of the Company then outstanding, and at the time of such amendment or supplement there is no other Person who is an Acquiring
Person. Upon the delivery of a certificate from an appropriate officer of the Company which states that the proposed supplement or amendment is in compliance with the terms of this Section 27, the Rights Agent shall execute such supplement or
amendment. Prior to the Stock Acquisition Date, the interests of the holders of Rights shall be deemed coincident with the interests of the holders of shares of Common Stock. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Rights
Agent may, but shall not obligated to, enter into any supplement or amendment that affects the Rights Agent’s own rights, duties, obligations or immunities under this Rights Agreement. 

  
 - 53 -

 Section 28. Successors. All of the covenants and provisions of this Rights
Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Rights Agent shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder. 
 Section 29. Benefits of this Rights Agreement. Nothing in this Rights Agreement shall be construed to give to any Person other than the Company, the Rights Agent and the registered holders of
the Right Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the shares of Common Stock) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Rights Agreement but this Rights Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Company,
the Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Right Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the shares of Common Stock). 
 Section 30. Governing Law. This Rights Agreement and each Right Certificate issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract made under the laws of the State of Delaware and for all purposes
shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of such state applicable to contracts to be made and performed entirely within such state. 
 Section 31. Counterparts. This Rights Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such
counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Rights Agreement by facsimile or electronic mail shall be as effective as delivery of a manually executed
counterpart of this Rights Agreement. 
 Section 31. Descriptive Headings. Descriptive headings of the several
sections of this Rights Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions. 
 Section 32. Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Rights Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or

  
 - 54 -

 
unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated;
provided, however, that notwithstanding anything in this Rights Agreement to the contrary, if any such term, provision, covenant or restriction is held by such court or authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable and the Board
determines in its good faith judgment that severing the invalid language from this Rights Agreement would adversely affect the purpose or effect of this Agreement, the right of redemption set forth in Section 23 hereof shall be reinstated and
shall not expire until the Close of Business on the tenth Business Day following the date of such determination by the Board. 

Section 33. Determination and Actions by the Board of Directors, etc. For all purposes of this Agreement, any calculation of
the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at any particular time, including for purposes of determining the particular percentage of such outstanding shares of Common Stock or any other securities of which any Person is the Beneficial Owner,
shall be made in accordance with the last sentence of Rule 13d-3(d)(1)(i) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act as in effect on the date of this Agreement. The Board (and any duly authorized committee thereof) shall have the
exclusive power and authority to administer this Agreement and to exercise all rights and powers specifically granted to the Board, or to the Company, or as may be necessary or advisable in the administration of this Agreement, including, without
limitation, the right and power to (i) interpret the provisions of this Agreement, and (ii) make all determinations or judgments deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of this Agreement (including without limitation a
determination to redeem or not redeem the Rights or to amend this Rights Agreement) or otherwise contemplated by this Agreement. All such actions, calculations, interpretations, judgments and determinations (including, for purposes of clause
(y) below, all omissions with respect to the foregoing) which are done or made by the Board (or any duly authorized committee thereof) in good faith, shall (x) be final, conclusive and binding on the Company, the Rights Agent, the holders
of the Rights and all other parties, and (y) not subject the Board to any liability to the holders of the Rights Certificates. The Rights Agent is entitled always to assume the Board (or any committee) acted in good faith and shall be fully
protected and incur no liability in reliance thereon. 
 [signature page follows] 

  
 - 55 -

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Rights Agreement to be duly executed, all
as of the day and year first above written. 
  

													
	Attest:	 	CVR ENERGY, INC.
					
	By:	 	 /s/ Frank A. Pici
	 		 	By:	 	 /s/ John J. Lipinski

		 	Name:	 	Frank A. Pici	 		 		 	Name:	 	John J. Lipinski
		 	Title:	 	CFO & Treasurer	 		 		 	Title:	 	CEO & President
		
	Attest:	 	 AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER & 
 TRUST COMPANY, LLC

					
	By:	 	 /s/ Jennifer Donovan
	 		 	By:	 	 /s/ Paula Caroppoli

		 	Name:	 	Jennifer Donovan	 		 		 	Name:	 	Paula Caroppoli
		 	Title:	 	Vice President	 		 		 	Title:	 	Senior Vice President

  
 - 56 -

 EXHIBIT A 
 CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS, RIGHTS AND 
 PREFERENCES OF THE SERIES OF
THE PREFERRED STOCK 
 OF 
 CVR ENERGY, INC. 
 TO BE DESIGNATED 

Series A Preferred Stock 
 CVR Energy, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”), pursuant to the authority conferred on the Board of Directors of the Corporation by its Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation, and in accordance with the provisions of Section 151 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), certifies that the Board of Directors of the Corporation, at a meeting duly called and held on
January 13, 2012, duly adopted the following resolution providing for the establishment and issuance of a series of Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, to be designated “Series A Preferred Stock” and to consist of 750,000
shares as follows: 
 RESOLVED, that, pursuant to the authority expressly granted and vested in the Board of Directors of this
Corporation in accordance with the provisions of its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, a series of Preferred Stock of the Corporation be and hereby is established, consisting of 750,000 shares, to be designated “Series A
Preferred Stock” (the “Series A Preferred Stock”); the Board of Directors be and hereby is authorized to issue such shares of Series A Preferred Stock from time to time and for such consideration and on such terms as the Board of
Directors shall determine; and subject to the limitations provided by law and by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, option or other special rights of, and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions upon, the Series A Preferred Stock shall be as follows: 
 Section 1. Designation and
Amount. The shares of such series shall be designated as “Series A Preferred Stock” and the number of shares constituting such series shall be 750,000. 
 Section 2. Dividends and Distributions. 
 (A) Subject to the prior and
superior rights of the holders of any shares of any other series of Preferred Stock ranking prior and superior to the shares of Series A Preferred Stock with respect to dividends, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled
to 

  
 A - 1

 
receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available for that purpose, quarterly dividends payable in cash on the first day of January, April, July and
October in each year (each such date being referred to herein as a “Quarterly Dividend Payment Date”), commencing on the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date after the first issuance of a share or fraction of a share of Series A
Preferred Stock (the “First Issuance Time”), in an amount per share (rounded to the nearest cent) equal to the greater of (a) $10.00 or (b) subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, 1000 times the
aggregate per share amount of all cash dividends, and 1000 times the aggregate per share amount (payable in kind) of all non-cash dividends or other distributions other than a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock or a subdivision of the
outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise), declared on the Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Corporation (the “Common Stock”) since the immediately preceding Quarterly Dividend Payment Date,
or, with respect to the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, since the first issuance of any share or fraction of a share of Series A Preferred Stock. In the event the Corporation shall at any time on or after the First Issuance Time:
(i) declare any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each such case the amount
to which holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event under clause (b) of the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of
shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event. 

(B) On or after the First Issuance Time, the Corporation shall declare a dividend or distribution on the Series A Preferred Stock as
provided in Paragraph (A) above immediately after it declares a dividend or distribution on the Common Stock (other than a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock); provided, however that, in the event no dividend or
distribution shall have been declared on the Common Stock during the period between any Quarterly Dividend Payment Date and the next subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, a dividend of $10.00 per share on the Series A Preferred Stock shall
nevertheless be payable on such subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date. 
 (C) Dividends shall accrue and be deemed to
accrue from day to day whether or not earned or declared and shall begin to accrue and be cumulative on outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock from the Quarterly Dividend Payment Date next preceding the date of issue of such shares of Series
A Preferred Stock, unless the date of issue of such shares is prior to the record date for the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in which case dividends on such shares shall begin to accrue from the date of issue of such shares, or unless the
date of issue is a Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or is a date after the record date for the determination of holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock entitled to receive a quarterly dividend and before such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in
either of which events such dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative from such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date. Accrued but unpaid dividends shall not bear interest. Dividends paid on the shares of Series A Preferred Stock in an amount less
than the total amount of such dividends at the time accrued and payable on such shares shall be allocated pro rata on a share-by-share basis among all such shares at the time 

  
 A - 2

 
outstanding. The Board of Directors may fix a record date for the determination of holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock entitled to receive payment of a dividend or distribution declared
thereon, which record date shall be no more than 30 days prior to the date fixed for the payment thereof. 
 Section 3.
Voting Rights. 
 (A) Subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, each share of Series A Preferred
Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to 1000 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation. In the event the Corporation shall at any time after the First Issuance Time: (i) declare any dividend on Common
Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each such case the number of votes per share to which holders of
shares of Series A Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event shall be adjusted by multiplying such number by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and
the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event. 
 (B)
Except as otherwise provided herein or by law, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock and the holders of shares of Common Stock shall vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Corporation.

 (C) Except as expressly set forth herein, holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall have no special voting rights and their
consent shall not be required (except to the extent they are entitled to vote with holders of Common Stock as set forth herein) for taking any corporate action. 
 Section 4. Certain Restrictions. 
 (A) Whenever quarterly dividends or
other dividends or distributions payable on the Series A Preferred Stock as provided in Section 2 are in arrears, thereafter and until all accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions, whether or not earned or declared, on shares of Series A
Preferred Stock outstanding shall have been paid in full, the Corporation shall not 
 (i) declare or pay dividends on, make any
other distributions on, or redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock; 

(ii) declare or pay dividends on or make any other distributions on any shares of stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or
upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Preferred Stock, except dividends paid ratably on the Series A Preferred Stock and all such parity stock on which dividends are payable or in arrears in proportion to the total amounts
to which the holders of all such shares are then entitled; 

  
 A - 3

 (iii) redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration shares of any stock ranking
on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Preferred Stock, provided that the Corporation may at any time redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire shares of any such parity stock in
exchange for shares of any stock of the Corporation ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock; or 
 (iv) redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of Series A Preferred Stock, or any shares of stock ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, except in accordance
with a purchase offer made in writing or by publication (as determined by the Board of Directors) to all holders of such shares upon such terms as the Board of Directors, after consideration of the respective annual dividend rates and other relative
rights and preferences of the respective series and classes, shall determine in good faith will result in fair and equitable treatment among the respective series or classes. 
 (B) The Corporation shall not permit any subsidiary of the Corporation to purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of stock of the Corporation unless the Corporation could, under
Paragraph (A) of this Section 4, purchase or otherwise acquire such shares at such time and in such manner. 

Section 5. Reacquired Shares. Any shares of Series A Preferred Stock purchased or otherwise acquired by the Corporation in
any manner whatsoever shall be retired and cancelled promptly after the acquisition thereof. All such shares shall upon their cancellation become authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock and may be reissued as part of a new series of
Preferred Stock to be created by resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors, subject to the conditions and restrictions on issuance set forth herein. 
 Section 6. Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up. 
 (A) Upon any
liquidation (voluntary or otherwise), dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, no distribution shall be made to the holders of shares of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series
A Preferred Stock unless, prior thereto, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have received $10.00 per share, plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions thereon, whether or not declared, to the date of
such payment (the “Series A Liquidation Preference”). Following the payment of the full amount of the Series A Liquidation Preference, no additional distributions shall be made to the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock
unless, prior thereto, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall have received an amount per share (the “Common Adjustment”) equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the Series A Liquidation Preference by (ii) 1000
(as appropriately adjusted as set forth in subparagraph C below to reflect such events as stock splits, stock dividends and recapitalizations with respect to the Common Stock) (such number in clause (ii), the “Adjustment Number”).
Following the payment of the full amount of the Series A Liquidation Preference and the Common Adjustment in respect of all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Common Stock, respectively, holders of Series A Preferred Stock and
holders of shares of Common Stock shall receive their ratable and proportionate share of the remaining assets to be distributed in the ratio of the Adjustment Number to 1 with respect to such Preferred Stock and Common Stock, on a per share basis,
respectively. 

  
 A - 4

 (B) In the event, however, that there are not sufficient assets available to permit payment
in full of the Series A Liquidation Preference and the liquidation preferences of all other series of preferred stock, if any, which rank on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, then such remaining assets shall be distributed ratably to the
holders of such parity shares in proportion to their respective liquidation preferences. In the event that there are not sufficient assets available to permit payment in full of the Common Adjustment, then such remaining assets shall be distributed
ratably to the holders of Common Stock. 
 (C) In the event the Corporation shall at any time after the First Issuance Time
(i) declare any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each such case, the
Adjustment Number in effect immediately prior to such event shall be adjusted by multiplying such Adjustment Number by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the
denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event. 
 (D)
Neither the merger or consolidation of the Corporation into or with another corporation nor the merger or consolidation of any other corporation into or with the Corporation shall be deemed a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation
within the meaning of this Section 6. 
 Section 7. Consolidation, Merger, etc. In case the Corporation
shall enter into any consolidation, merger, combination, share exchange or other transaction in which the shares of Common Stock are exchanged for or changed into other stock or securities, cash and/or any other property, then in any such case the
shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall at the same time be similarly exchanged or changed in an amount per share (subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth) equal to 1000 times the aggregate amount of stock, securities, cash
and/or any other property (payable in kind), as the case may be, into which or for which each share of Common Stock is changed or exchanged. In the event the Corporation shall at any time after the First Issuance Date (i) declare any dividend
on Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each such case the amount set forth in the preceding
sentence with respect to the exchange or change of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event
and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event. 

Section 8. No Redemption. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be redeemable. 

  
 A - 5

 Section 9. Fractional Shares. Series A Preferred Stock may be issued in
fractions of a share which shall entitle the holder, in proportion to such holder’s fractional shares, to exercise voting rights, receive dividends, participate in distributions and to have the benefit of all other rights of holders of Series A
Preferred Stock. 
 Section 10. Ranking. The Series A Preferred Stock shall rank junior to all other series of the
Corporation’s Preferred Stock as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, unless the terms of any such series shall provide otherwise. 

Section 11. Amendment. At any time any shares of Series A Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Amended and Restated
Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation shall not be further amended in any manner which would materially alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights of the Series A Preferred Stock so as to affect them adversely without the
affirmative vote of the holders of a majority or more of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, voting separately as a class. 
 [remainder of page intentionally left blank] 

  
 A - 6

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have executed and subscribed this Certificate of Designations and do
affirm the foregoing as true under the penalties of perjury this      day of January 2012. 
  

			
	CVR ENERGY, INC.
	
	  

	By:	 	
	Name:	 	
	Title	 	

  

	
	 Attest:

	
	  

	 Name:

  
 A - 7

 EXHIBIT B 
 [Form of Right Certificate] 
  

			
	Certificate No. R-	 	             Rights

 NOT EXERCISABLE AFTER DECEMBER 31, 2012, SUBJECT TO EARLIER REDEMPTION OR EXPIRATION PURSUANT TO THE
RIGHTS AGREEMENT. THE RIGHTS ARE SUBJECT TO REDEMPTION, AT THE OPTION OF THE COMPANY, AT $0.001 PER RIGHT ON THE TERMS SET FORTH IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT. THE RIGHTS EVIDENCED BY THIS CERTIFICATE SHALL NOT BE EXERCISABLE, AND SHALL BE VOID SO LONG AS
HELD BY A HOLDER IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE THE REQUISITE QUALIFICATION FOR THE ISSUANCE TO SUCH HOLDER, OR THE EXERCISE BY SUCH HOLDER, OF THE RIGHTS IN SUCH JURISDICTION SHALL NOT HAVE BEEN OBTAINED OR BE OBTAINABLE. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES,
RIGHTS BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR AN ASSOCIATE OR AFFILIATE OF AN ACQUIRING PERSON (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT) AND ANY SUBSEQUENT HOLDER OF SUCH RIGHTS MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID. [THE BENEFICIAL OWNER OF THE
RIGHTS REPRESENTED BY THIS RIGHT CERTIFICATE MAY BE AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR AN AFFILIATE OR ASSOCIATE (AS DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT) OF AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR A SUBSEQUENT HOLDER OF A RIGHT CERTIFICATE BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY SUCH PERSONS.
ACCORDINGLY, UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES AS PROVIDED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT, THIS RIGHT CERTIFICATE AND THE RIGHTS REPRESENTED HEREBY WILL BE NULL AND VOID.]* 
  

	*	The portion of the legend in brackets shall be inserted only if applicable and shall replace the preceding sentence. 

  
 B - 1

 Right Certificate 
 CVR ENERGY, INC. 
 This certifies that
                    , or registered assigns, is the registered owner of the number of Rights set forth above, each of which entitles the owner
thereof, subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Rights Agreement dated January 13, 2012, as amended, restated, renewed or extended from time to time (the “Rights Agreement”) between CVR Energy, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (“Company”), and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, a New York limited liability trust company (“Rights Agent”), to purchase from the Company at any time after the Distribution Date
(as such term is defined in the Rights Agreement) and prior to 5:00 P.M. New York time on December 31, 2012, at the office or offices of the Rights Agent, or its successors as Rights Agent, designated for such purpose, one one-thousandth of a
fully paid, nonassessable share of Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (a “Unit”) at a purchase price of $100.00, as the same may from time to time be adjusted in accordance with the Rights Agreement
(“Purchase Price”), upon presentation and surrender or this Right Certificate with the Form of Election to Purchase and included Certificate duly completed and executed. The number of Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate (and
the number of shares which may be purchased upon exercise thereof) set forth above, and the Purchase Price set forth above, are the number and Purchase Price as of             ,
20    , based on the Units as constituted at such date. 
 As provided in the Rights Agreement, the Purchase
Price and the number of Units which may be purchased upon the exercise of the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate are subject to modification and adjustment upon the happening of certain events and, upon the happening of certain events,
securities other than Units, or other property, may be acquired upon exercise of the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate, as provided by the Rights Agreement. 
 As more fully set forth in the Rights Agreement, from and after the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event (as such term is defined in the Rights Agreement), if the Rights evidenced by this
Rights Certificate are beneficially owned by (i) an Acquiring Person or an Associate or 

  
 B - 2

 
Affiliate of an Acquiring Person (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement), (ii) a transferee of such Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or Affiliate), or (iii) under
certain circumstances specified in the Rights Agreement, a transferee of such Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with such Acquiring Person becoming such, such Rights shall
become null and void without any further action, and no holder hereof shall have any right with respect to such Rights from and after the occurrence of such Section 11(a)(ii) Event, whether under the Rights Agreement or otherwise. 

This Right Certificate is subject to all of the terms, provisions and conditions of the Rights Agreement, which terms, provisions and
conditions are incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof and to which Rights Agreement reference is hereby made for a full description of the rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities of the Rights Agent, the
Company and the registered holders of the Right Certificates. Copies of the Rights Agreement are on file at the principal executive office of the Company and will be mailed to stockholders upon request to the Rights Agent. 

This Right Certificate, with or without other Right Certificates, upon surrender at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated
for such purpose, may be exchanged for another Right Certificate or Right Certificates of like tenor and date evidencing Rights entitling the registered holder to purchase a like aggregate number of Units as the Rights evidenced by the Right
Certificate or Right Certificates surrendered shall have entitled the holder to purchase. If this Right Certificate shall be exercised in part, the holder shall be entitled to receive, upon surrender hereof, the Right Certificate indicating the
remaining Rights represented thereby or another Right Certificate or Right Certificates for the number of Rights not exercised. 

Subject to the provisions of the Rights Agreement, the Rights evidenced by this Certificate may be (x) redeemed by the Company at
its option at a redemption price of $0.001 per Right at any time prior to the earlier of the Close of Business on (i) the Stock Acquisition Date, and (ii) the Final Expiration Date, or under certain other conditions as specified in the
Rights Agreement, and (y) exchanged, after any Person becomes an Acquiring Person (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement), at the option of the Board, for two Units (or, the extent determined by the Board of Directors, two shares of
Common Stock of the Company or such lesser number of shares of Common Stock (but not less than one) as may be determined by the Board of Directors) as set forth in the Rights Agreement. 

  
 B - 3

 No fractional Units or other securities (other than fractions of a share of Preferred Stock
represented by Units) shall be required to be issued upon the exercise of any Right or Rights evidenced hereby, and in lieu thereof, as provided in the Rights Agreement, a holder otherwise entitled to fractions of Units or other securities (other
than fractions of a share of Preferred Stock represented by Units) may receive an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the then current value of a Unit or such other securities. 

No holder of this Right Certificate shall be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of Units,
shares of Preferred Stock, shares of Common Stock or of any other securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable upon the exercise hereof, nor shall anything contained in the Rights Agreement or herein be construed to confer upon the
holder hereof, as such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors, or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action
or to receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in the Rights Agreement) or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Right or Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate shall
have been exercised as provided in the Rights Agreement. 
 This Right Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for any
purpose until it shall have been countersigned by the Rights Agent. 
 [remainder of page intentionally left blank]

  
 B - 4

 WITNESS the facsimile signature of the proper officers of the Company and its corporate
seal, dated as of                  ,         . 
  

									
	ATTEST:	 		 	CVR ENERGY, INC.
					
	By:	 	  
	 		 	By:	 	  

		 	Title	 		 		 	Title:
				
	Countersigned:	 		 		 	
				
	  
	 		 		 	
	Rights Agent	 		 		 	
					
	By:	 	  
	 		 		 	
		 	Authorized signature	 		 		 	

  
 B - 5

 [Form of Reverse Side of Right Certificate] 

FORM OF ASSIGNMENT 
 (To be executed by the registered holder if such holder 
 desires to transfer the
Right Certificate.) 
 FOR VALUE RECEIVED
                                         hereby
sells, assigns and transfers unto 
  
  

 
 (Please print name and address of
transferee) 
  
  

 

                     Rights evidenced by this Right
Certificate, together with all right, title and interest therein, and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint                      Attorney,
to transfer the within Right Certificate on the books of the within-named Company, with full power of substitution. 
 Dated:
                    , 20     
  

	
	  

	Signature
	
	(Signature must conform in all respects to the name of holder as written upon the face of this Right Certificate, without alteration or enlargement or any change
whatsoever.)

 Signature Guaranteed:* 
  

	*	Signature must be guaranteed by an “Eligible Guarantor Institution” pursuant to Rule 17Ad-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

  
 B - 6

 Certificate 
 The undersigned hereby certifies by checking the appropriate boxes that: 
 (1) the
Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate [    ] are [    ] are not being exercised by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any such Acquiring Person (as
such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement); 
 (2) after due inquiry and to the best knowledge of the undersigned, the
undersigned [    ] did [    ] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate from any Person who is or was an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person or any
transferee of such Persons. 
 Dated:
                    , 20     
  

			
	 Signature:
	 	  

	
	(Signature must conform in all respects to the name of holder as written upon the face of this Right Certificate, without alteration or enlargement or any change
whatsoever.)

 Signature Guaranteed:* 
  

	*	Signature must be guaranteed by an “Eligible Guarantor Institution” pursuant to Rule 17Ad-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

  
 B - 7

 FORM OF ELECTION TO PURCHASE 

(To be executed if registered holder desires to Exercise the Right Certificate.) 
 To: CVR ENERGY, INC. 
 The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise
                     Rights represented by this Right Certificate to purchase the number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock and/or
other securities issuable upon the exercise of such Rights and requests that certificates representing such share(s) or other securities be issued in the name of: 
  

			
	Please insert social security or other identifying number	  	  

	
	  
 

 (Please print name and address) 
 If such number of Rights shall not be all the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate, a new Right Certificate for the remaining such Rights shall be registered in the name of and delivered to:

  

			
	Please insert social security or other identifying number	  	  

	
	  
 

 (Please print name and address) 
 Dated:                     , 20     

	
	  

	Signature
	
	(Signature must conform in all respects to the name of holder as written upon the face of the Right Certificate, without alteration or enlargement or any change
whatsoever.)

 Signature Guaranteed: * 
  

	*	Signature must be guaranteed by an “Eligible Guarantor Institution” pursuant to Rule 17Ad-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

  
 B - 8

 Certificate 
 The undersigned hereby certifies by checking the appropriate boxes that: 
 (1) the
Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate [    ] are [    ] are not being exercised by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any such Acquiring Person (as
such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement); 
 (2) after due inquiry and to the best knowledge of the undersigned, the
undersigned [    ] did [    ] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate from any Person who is or was an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person or any
transferee of such Persons. 
 Dated:
                    , 20     
  

			
	 Signature:
	 	  

	
	(Signature must conform in all respects to the name of holder as written upon the face of this Right Certificate, without alteration or enlargement or any change
whatsoever.)

 Signature Guaranteed:* 
  

	*	Signature must be guaranteed by an “Eligible Guarantor Institution” pursuant to Rule 17Ad-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

  
 B - 9

 EXHIBIT C 
 CVR ENERGY, INC. 
 SUMMARY OF THE TERMS OF THE RIGHTS TO PURCHASE 

UNITS OF 
 Series
A Preferred Stock 
 On January 13, 2012, the Board of Directors of CVR Energy, Inc. (the “Company”)
declared a dividend distribution of one purchase right (a “Right”) for each outstanding share of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), of the Company, payable to stockholders of record on
January 23, 2012, and issuable as of that date. Except in the circumstances described below, each Right, when it becomes exercisable, entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of Series A
Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, of the Company (“Preferred Stock” and each one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock, a “Unit”) at a price of $100.00 per share (the “Purchase Price”). The
rights of a holder of a Unit are substantially equivalent to the rights of a holder of a share of Common Stock. The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement (the “Rights Agreement”) between the Company
and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, a New York limited liability trust company (the “Rights Agent”). 
 As discussed below, initially the Rights will not be exercisable, certificates will not be sent to stockholders and the Rights will automatically trade with the Common Stock. 

The Rights will be evidenced by the Common Stock certificates, and Rights relating to shares of Common Stock not represented by
certificates will be represented by notation on the records of the Company, until the close of business on the earlier to occur of (i) the day on which a public announcement or filing that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons
has 

  
 C - 1

 
become an “Acquiring Person”, which is defined as a person who, at any time after the date of the Rights Agreement, has acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, beneficial
ownership of 15% or more of the Common Stock of the Company then outstanding (which includes common stock referenced in derivative transactions and securities), subject to certain exceptions described below, or (ii) the tenth day (or a later
date determined by the Board of Directors) after the commencement of a tender or exchange offer the consummation of which would result in a person becoming an Acquiring Person (the earlier of these dates is called the “Distribution
Date”). 
 As soon as practicable following a Distribution Date, the Rights Agent will, if requested to do so by the
Company, mail separate certificates evidencing the Rights (“Right Certificates”) to holders of record of shares of the Common Stock as of the close of business on the Distribution Date, and those separate certificates alone will
evidence the Rights from and after the Distribution Date. 
 Each of the following persons will not be deemed to be an Acquiring
Person, even if they have acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding: (i) the Company, any subsidiary of the Company, any employee benefit plan
or employee stock plan of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company; (ii) any underwriter acting under an agreement with the Company; (iii) any person who becomes the beneficial owner of 15% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the
Company then outstanding, with the prior approval of the Board (so long as the person’s beneficial ownership level does not exceed the level approved by the Board of Directors); (iv) any person who is, as of the date of the Rights
Agreement, the beneficial owner of 15% or more of the Common Stock of the Company, until the time as this person shall become the beneficial owner of any additional shares of Common Stock of the Company; (v) any person who becomes an Acquiring
Person solely by virtue of a reduction in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company, unless the person thereafter becomes the beneficial owner of any additional shares of Common Stock of the Company, without the prior approval
of the Board of Directors; and (vi) any person who becomes the beneficial owner of 

  
 C - 2

 
15% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding inadvertently, in the judgment of the Board, and within fifteen business days after discovering that it would be an
Acquiring Person (but for this exception) the person notifies the Company’s Board of Directors and as promptly as practicable (as determined by the Board) the Person divests itself of Beneficial Ownership of a sufficient number of the Common
Stock so that the Person would not be an Acquiring Person (regardless of this exception). 
 The Rights are not exercisable
until after the Distribution Date. The Rights will expire at the close of business on December 31, 2012, unless earlier redeemed by the Company as described below. 
 The Purchase Price, and the number of Units or other securities or property issuable upon exercise of the Rights, are subject to adjustment from time to time to prevent dilution: (i) in the event of
a stock dividend on, or a subdivision, combination or reclassification of, the Preferred Stock; (ii) upon the grant to holders of Preferred Stock of certain rights or warrants to subscribe for Preferred Stock or convertible securities at less
than the current market price of the Preferred Stock; or (iii) upon the distribution to holders of the Preferred Stock of evidences of indebtedness or assets (excluding dividends payable in Preferred Stock) or of subscription rights or warrants
(other than those referred to above). The Purchase Price is also subject to adjustment from time to time in the event of a Common Stock dividend on, or a subdivision or combination of, the shares of Common Stock. 

In the event any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, then each holder of record of a Right, other than the Acquiring Person, will
thereafter have the right to receive, upon payment of the Purchase Price, that number of Units having a value (determined based on the market value of the Common Stock of the Company if the Units are not publicly held, listed or traded) at the time
the person becomes an Acquiring Person equal to twice the Purchase Price. Any Rights that are or were at any time, on or after the Distribution Date, beneficially owned by an Acquiring Person will become null and void. After such an event, to the
extent that insufficient Units are available for the exercise in full of the Rights, holders of Rights will receive upon exercise a 

  
 C - 3

 
number of Units to the extent available and then other securities of the Company, assets, or cash, in proportions determined by the Company, so that the aggregate value received is equal to twice
the Purchase Price. 
 The Rights Agreement provides that, on or after a public announcement or filing indicating that a person
has become an Acquiring Person, if the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination (in which any shares of Common Stock are changed into or exchanged for other securities or assets) or more than 30% of the assets or earning power
of the Company and its subsidiaries (taken as a whole) are sold or transferred in one or a series of related transactions, proper provision will be made so that each registered holder of a Right will have the right to receive, upon payment of the
Purchase Price, in lieu of Units, that number of shares of common stock of the acquiring company having a value at the time of that transaction equal to two times the Purchase Price. 

No fractional Units will be required to be issued upon exercise of the Rights and, in lieu thereof, a payment in cash equal to the
fraction of the then current value of a Unit may be made. 
 At any time after a person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Board
may exchange all of part of the outstanding Rights (other than those held by an Acquiring Person) for Units at an exchange rate of two Units (or, in the discretion of the Board of Directors, two shares of Common Stock of the Company in lieu thereof
or such lesser number of shares of Common Stock (but not less than one) as may be determined by the Board of Directors) for each Right. The Company will promptly give public notice of any exchange (although failure to give notice will not affect the
validity of the exchange). 
 At any time until close of business on the day a public announcement or the filing is made
indicating that a person has become an Acquiring Person (and prior to the giving of notice of the exchange or redemption, as applicable to the holders of the Rights), or thereafter under certain circumstances, the Company may redeem the Rights in
whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.001 per Right. 

  
 C - 4

 Immediately upon the action of the Board authorizing exchange or redemption of the Rights,
the right to exercise the Rights will terminate, and the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive (if applicable) the Units (or shares of Common Stock of the Company) issuable in connection with the exchange or the Redemption Price
without any interest thereon. 
 Until the close of business on the day a public announcement or a filing is made indicating
that a person has become an Acquiring Person, or thereafter under certain circumstances, the Company may amend the Rights in any manner. The Company may also amend the Rights Agreement after the close of business on the day a public announcement or
filing is made indicating that a person has become an Acquiring Person, to cure ambiguities, to correct defective or inconsistent provisions or in any manner that does not adversely affect the interests of holders of the Rights. 

Until a Right is exercised, the holder, as such, will have no rights as a stockholder of the Company, including the right to vote or to
receive dividends. 
 The issuance of the Rights is not taxable to the Company or to stockholders under presently existing
federal income tax law, and will not change the way in which stockholders can presently trade the Company’s shares of Common Stock. If the Rights should become exercisable, stockholders, depending on then existing circumstances, may recognize
taxable income. 
 The Rights have anti-takeover effects. The Rights will cause substantial dilution to a person that attempts
to acquire the Company without obtaining the approval of the Board of Directors, the redemption of the Rights or an amendment to the Rights Agreement permitting the acquisition. However, the Rights generally should not interfere with any merger or
other business combination approved by the Board of Directors. 
 A copy of the Rights Agreement has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to a Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on January 17, 2012. A copy of the Rights Agreement is available free of charge from either the Rights Agent by writing

  
 C - 5

 
to American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, 6201
15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219, or the Company by
writing to CVR Energy, Inc., 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500, Sugar Land, TX 77479 Attention: Corporate Secretary. This summary description of the Rights does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
Rights Agreement, which is incorporated in this summary description by reference. 

  
 C - 6Merger Agreement

 Exhibit 10.1 
 AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER 
 BY AND AMONG 

ONCOGENERIX, INC., 
 THE STOCKHOLDERS’ REPRESENTATIVE, 
 THE PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS,

 DARA BIOSCIENCES, INC. 
 AND 
 ONCOGENERIX ACQUISITION CORPORATION 

JANUARY 17, 2012 

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

									
	 	  	 	 	 	  	Page	 
		
	 Article I DEFINITIONS
	  	 	1	  
		
	 Article II THE MERGER
	  	 	11	  
		  	2.1	 	 The Merger
	  	 	11	  
		  	2.2	 	 Certificate of Merger
	  	 	11	  
		  	2.3	 	 Articles of Incorporation; Bylaws
	  	 	11	  
		  	2.4	 	 Directors and Officers
	  	 	11	  
		  	2.5	 	 Merger Consideration
	  	 	11	  
		  	2.6	 	 Effect on Securities of the Company and Merger Sub
	  	 	14	  
		  	2.7	 	 Dissenting Shares
	  	 	15	  
		  	2.8	 	 The Closing Date
	  	 	15	  
		  	2.9	 	 Closing; Payment of Merger Consideration
	  	 	15	  
		  	2.10	 	 Deduction for Taxes
	  	 	16	  
		  	2.11	 	 Determination of Customer Revenue and Delivery of Contingent Merger Consideration Shares.
	  	 	16	  
		  	2.12	 	 Legends and Restrictions
	  	 	17	  
		  	2.13	 	 Tax Intent of the Parties
	  	 	18	  
		
	 Article III CONDITIONS TO CLOSING
	  	 	18	  
		
	 Article IV REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
	  	 	18	  
		  	4.1	 	 Organization and Corporate Power
	  	 	18	  
		  	4.2	 	 Authorization of Transaction
	  	 	18	  
		  	4.3	 	 Capitalization
	  	 	19	  
		  	4.4	 	 No Investments
	  	 	19	  
		  	4.5	 	 Absence of Conflicts
	  	 	19	  
		  	4.6	 	 Financial Statements
	  	 	19	  
		  	4.7	 	 Absence of Undisclosed Liabilities
	  	 	20	  
		  	4.8	 	 Absence of Certain Developments
	  	 	20	  
		  	4.9	 	 Title to Assets
	  	 	21	  
		  	4.10	 	 Taxes
	  	 	21	  
		  	4.11	 	 Contracts and Commitments
	  	 	22	  
		  	4.12	 	 Intellectual Property
	  	 	22	  
		  	4.13	 	 Brokerage
	  	 	24	  
		  	4.14	 	 Governmental Licenses and Permits
	  	 	24	  
		  	4.15	 	 Employment and Labor Matters
	  	 	25	  
		  	4.16	 	 Insurance
	  	 	25	  
		  	4.17	 	 Affiliate Transactions
	  	 	25	  
		  	4.18	 	 Environmental and Safety Matters
	  	 	26	  
		  	4.19	 	 Litigation and Compliance with Law
	  	 	26	  
		  	4.20	 	 Books and Records
	  	 	27	  
		  	4.21	 	 Bank Accounts, Letters of Credit and Powers of Attorney
	  	 	27	  

  
 i 

									
		  	4.22	 	 Customers and Suppliers
	  	 	27	  
		  	4.23	 	 Accuracy of Information Furnished by the Company; Full Disclosure
	  	 	27	  
		
	 Article V REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
	  	 	28	  
		  	5.1	 	 Organization and Power
	  	 	28	  
		  	5.2	 	 Authorization
	  	 	28	  
		  	5.3	 	 Absence of Conflicts
	  	 	28	  
		  	5.4	 	 Title
	  	 	29	  
		  	5.5	 	 Litigation
	  	 	29	  
		  	5.6	 	 Investment Representations
	  	 	29	  
		
	 Article VI REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE BUYER AND MERGER SUB
	  	 	30	  
		  	6.1	 	 Organization and Power
	  	 	30	  
		  	6.2	 	 Authorization of Transaction
	  	 	30	  
		  	6.3	 	 Absence of Conflicts
	  	 	30	  
		  	6.4	 	 Litigation
	  	 	31	  
		  	6.5	 	 Brokers’ Fees
	  	 	31	  
		  	6.6	 	 SEC Reports; Financial Statements
	  	 	31	  
		  	6.7	 	 Absence of Certain Developments
	  	 	31	  
		
	 Article VII TAX MATTERS COVENANTS
	  	 	32	  
		  	7.1	 	 Stockholders Tax Indemnification
	  	 	32	  
		  	7.2	 	 Closing of Taxable Period
	  	 	32	  
		  	7.3	 	 Responsibility for Filing Tax Returns
	  	 	32	  
		  	7.4	 	 Cooperation on Tax Matters
	  	 	32	  
		  	7.5	 	 Tax Contests
	  	 	33	  
		  	7.6	 	 Transfer Taxes
	  	 	33	  
		
	 Article VIII EMPLOYMENT MATTERS AND OTHER COVENANTS
	  	 	33	  
		  	8.1	 	 New Employment Arrangements
	  	 	33	  
		  	8.2	 	 COBRA Coverage
	  	 	34	  
		  	8.3	 	 Appointment of Directors
	  	 	34	  
		
	 Article IX SURVIVAL, INDEMNIFICATION AND RELATED MATTERS
	  	 	34	  
		  	9.1	 	 Survival
	  	 	34	  
		  	9.2	 	 Indemnification
	  	 	34	  
		  	9.3	 	 Escrow; Satisfaction of Losses
	  	 	37	  
		
	 Article X ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
	  	 	39	  
		  	10.1	 	 Press Releases and Announcements
	  	 	39	  
		  	10.2	 	 Further Assurances
	  	 	39	  
		  	10.3	 	 Expenses
	  	 	39	  
		  	10.4	 	 Stockholders’ Representative
	  	 	39	  

  
 ii 

									
	 Article XI MISCELLANEOUS
	  	 	40	  
		  	11.1	 	 Amendment
	  	 	40	  
		  	11.2	 	 Waiver
	  	 	40	  
		  	11.3	 	 Notices
	  	 	40	  
		  	11.4	 	 Binding Agreement; Assignment
	  	 	41	  
		  	11.5	 	 Severability
	  	 	41	  
		  	11.6	 	 No Strict Construction
	  	 	42	  
		  	11.7	 	 Captions
	  	 	42	  
		  	11.8	 	 Entire Agreement
	  	 	42	  
		  	11.9	 	 Counterparts
	  	 	42	  
		  	11.10	 	 Governing Law; Venue.
	  	 	42	  
		  	11.11	 	 Waiver of Jury Trial
	  	 	43	  
		  	11.12	 	 Parties in Interest
	  	 	43	  
		  	11.13	 	 Exhibits and Schedules
	  	 	43	  
		  	11.14	 	 Certain Interpretive Matters and Definitions
	  	 	43	  

 LIST OF EXHIBITS 
  

			
	Exhibit A	  	Form of Escrow Agreement
	Exhibit B	  	Form of Transmittal Letter

  
 iii

 AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER 

This AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER (this “Agreement”) is made as of January 17, 2012, by and among
Oncogenerix, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”); the stockholders of the Company listed on the signatures pages hereto (the “Principal Stockholders”); Christopher Clement, in his capacity as
the Stockholders’ Representative; DARA BioSciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Buyer”); and Oncogenerix Acquisition Corporation, a Nevada corporation (the “Merger Sub”). The Company, the
Principal Stockholders, the Stockholders’ Representative, the Buyer and the Merger Sub are each referred to herein as a “Party” and collectively as the “Parties.” 

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 
 A. The Buyer, the Merger Sub and the Company wish to effect a tax free business combination through a merger of the Merger Sub with and into the Company on the terms and conditions set forth in this
Agreement and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Nevada Revised Statues (the “N.R.S.”). 
 B. The respective Boards of Directors of each of the Buyer, the Merger Sub and the Company has (i) unanimously approved this Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this
Agreement and (ii) determined that this Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement are advisable and in the best interest of their corporation and their corporation’s stockholders. 

C. The requisite Stockholders of the Company have duly approved and adopted this Agreement, the Merger and the Transaction in accordance
with the applicable provisions of the N.R.S. 
 D. The Buyer, as the sole stockholder of Merger Sub has duly approved and
adopted this Agreement, the Merger and the Transaction in accordance with the applicable provisions of the N.R.S. 

AGREEMENT 
 NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises made herein, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties, intending to be
legally bound, agree as follows: 
 ARTICLE I 
 DEFINITIONS 
 “1933 Act” means the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended. 
 “Action” means any claims, charges, arbitrations, grievances, actions, suits,
proceedings or investigations. 
 “Affiliate” means and includes, with respect to a specified Person,
any other Person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such specified Person, where “control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of
the management or policies of such specified Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, contract or otherwise. 

 “Affiliated Group” means an affiliated group as defined in
Section 1504 of the Code (or any similar combined, consolidated or unitary group defined under any state, local or foreign income Tax law). 
 “Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph hereof. 
 “Ancillary Agreements” means the other agreements attached (or forms of which are attached) as exhibits to this Agreement, and any document, certificate or instrument delivered
pursuant hereto or thereto, including, but not limited to, the Key Employee Employment Agreements. 
 “Articles of
Incorporation” means the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada on February 2, 2011, as amended by that certain Certificate of Amendment filed with the Secretary of
State of the State of Nevada on October 27, 2011. 
 “Audited Financial Statements” has the meaning
set forth in Section 4.6. 
 “Basket” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2(e)(iii). 

“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which banks in Atlanta, Georgia or
New York, New York are closed. 
 “Buyer” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph
hereof. 
 “Buyer Indemnitees” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2(a)(i). 

“Buyer Common Stock” means the common stock, par value $.01, of Buyer. 

“Cap Amount” means that number of shares of Buyer Common Stock equal to fifteen percent (15%) of the
aggregate Merger Consideration. For the avoidance of doubt, the Cap Amount shall be reduced on a dollar for dollar basis by the amount of any set-off against the Escrow Shares pursuant to the terms hereof (but not for amounts payable under Article
VII). 
 “CERCLA” means the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (42
U.S.C. § 9601, et seq.), as amended, and all rules, regulations and standards issued thereunder. 
 “Certificate
of Merger” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2. 
 “Certificates” means,
collectively, the Common Certificates and the Preferred Certificates. 
 “Change of Control” means
(i) the consummation of a transaction or series of related transactions as a result of which any Person becomes the beneficial owner of, or obtains voting control over, more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding Buyer Common Stock;
or (ii) the consummation by the Buyer of (A) a merger or consolidation of the Buyer with or into another 

  
 2 

 
Person, in which the Buyer is not the continuing or surviving corporation or pursuant to which any shares of the Buyer Common Stock would be converted into cash, securities or other property of
another Person, other than a merger or consolidation of the Buyer in which holders of Buyer Common Stock immediately prior to the merger or consolidation have the same proportionate ownership of Buyer Common Stock of the surviving corporation
immediately after the merger as immediately before, or (B) a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all the assets of the Buyer in a single transaction or a series of related transactions. 

“Closing” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8. 

“Closing Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8. 

“Closing Date Merger Consideration Shares” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5(a). 

“COBRA” means Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended. 

“COBRA Coverage” means continuation coverage required under Section 4980B of the Code and Part 6 of Title I
of ERISA or any similar state law. 
 “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 “Common Certificate” shall mean a stock certificate which immediately prior to the Effective Time
represented any shares of Common Stock. 
 “Common Stock” means the shares of the Company’s Common
Stock, par value $0.01 per share. 
 “Company” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph
hereof. 
 “Company Intellectual Property” means all Intellectual Property that is used or held for use
by the Company in connection with the business of the Company. 
 “Company Intellectual Property
Agreements” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.12(b) 
 “Company Securities” means
any and all options, warrants, rights, contracts, calls, puts, rights to subscribe, conversion rights or other agreements or commitments to which the Company is a party or which are binding upon the Company, providing for the issuance, disposition
or acquisition of any of the Company’s capital stock (other than this Agreement), and any and all stock appreciation, phantom stock or similar rights with respect to the Company Company’s capital stock. 

“Company Stock” means the Common Stock and Preferred Stock. 

“Confidential Information” means any confidential information with respect to the Company’s business,
including methods of operation, pending or completed acquisitions of any company, division or other business unit, prices, fees, costs, plans, designs, technology, inventions, trade secrets, know-how, software, marketing methods, policies, plans,
personnel, customers, suppliers, competitors, markets or other specialized information or proprietary matters. 

  
 3 

 “Confidentiality Agreement” means that certain confidentiality
agreement between the Buyer and the Company in effect as of the date hereof. 
 “Contingent Merger Consideration
Shares” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5(b). 
 “Contingent Earnout Period”
has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5(b). 
 “Contract” means any contract, lease, license,
indenture, agreement, commitment or other legally binding arrangement, whether written or oral. 
 “Customer
Revenue” means the aggregate revenue of the Buyer or its Affiliate from Marketed Products shipped and invoiced to customers of the Buyer, the Company, or any other Affiliate of the Company during the Contingent Earnout Period including
revenue from orders shipped and invoiced during the Contingent Earnout Period but for which payment will not be received until after the Contingent Earnout Period, minus all amounts for refunds, returns, allowances, credits, rebates and
charge-backs. 
 “Customer Revenue Calculation Notice” shall have the meaning given that term in
Section 2.11(b). 
 “Designated Representations” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1.

 “Dispute Period” means the period ending thirty (30) days following receipt by an Indemnifying
Party of a notice from an Indemnified Party pursuant to Section 9.2(c)(i). 
 “Effective Time” has
the meaning set forth in Section 2.2. 
 “Environmental Liabilities” means any Liabilities that are
(a) related to environmental issues, or (b) based upon or related to Pollutants or any provision of Environmental Requirements. The term “Environmental Liabilities” includes: (A) fines, penalties, judgments, awards,
settlements, losses, damages, costs, fees (including reasonable attorneys’ and consultants’ fees), expenses and disbursements; (B) defense and other responses to any administrative or judicial Proceeding (including notices, claims,
complaints, Orders, suits and other assertions of Liability); and (C) financial responsibility for cleanup costs and injunctive relief, including any corrective or remedial actions, and natural resource damages or remedial measures. 

“Environmental Requirements” means all Legal Requirements concerning pollution or protection of the environment,
including all those relating to the presence, use, production, generation, handling, transportation, treatment, storage, distribution, labeling, testing, processing, release, threatened release, control, or cleanup of any hazardous substance or
pollutant, as such of the foregoing are in effect, prior to or on the Closing Date. 
 “ERISA” has the
meaning set forth in Section 4.15(e). 

  
 4 

 “Escrow Agent” means Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.

 “Escrow Agreement” means the Escrow Agreement dated as of the Closing Date by and among the Buyer,
the Escrow Agent and the Stockholders’ Representative, in substantially the form of Exhibit A attached hereto. 

“Escrow Shares” means an aggregate number of shares of the Buyer’s Common Stock equal to 2.985% of the
shares of the Buyer’s Common Stock issued and outstanding as of the Closing Date constituting Closing Date Merger Consideration Shares to which the Principal Stockholders are entitled pursuant to Schedule 2.5, and with respect to each Principal
Stockholder, means such Principal Stockholder’s pro rata portion of the Escrow Shares based on the number of shares of Company Stock owned by such Principal Stockholder as a percentage of the Company Stock owned by all of the Principal
Stockholders. 
 “Escrow Fund” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8(a)(iv). 

“Existing Debt” means all Indebtedness of the Company. 

“Existing Debt Payoff Amount” means the amount necessary to fully discharge the Existing Debt outstanding as of
the Effective Time, including any fees and expenses due in connection with such discharge. 
 “FDA”
means the United States Food and Drug Administration. 
 “Financial Statements” has the meaning set
forth in Section 4.6. 
 “GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles,
consistently applied. 
 “Governmental Authority” means any domestic or foreign government, including
any federal, provincial, state, territorial or municipal government, and any government agency, court, tribunal, commission or other instrumentality or authority exercising or purporting to exercise executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory or
administrative functions of, or pertaining to, government, and any official of any of the foregoing. 

“IND” means an Investigational New Drug Application filed with the FDA or foreign equivalent. 

“Indebtedness” means, with respect to the Company, without duplication, (i) any indebtedness related to past
due payables in excess of 60 days owed to any vendors or suppliers of the Company or other Person, (ii) any indebtedness for borrowed money, whether short term or long term, or for the deferred purchase price of property or services,
(iii) any indebtedness relating to a capitalized lease or other indebtedness arising under conditional sales contracts and other similar title retention instruments, (iv) all Liabilities in respect of outstanding letters of credit,
acceptances and similar obligations, (v) all interest, fees, prepayment premiums, penalties, breakage costs and other expenses owed with respect to indebtedness described in the foregoing clauses (i) through (v), and (vi) all
indebtedness referred to in the foregoing clauses (i) through (v) of any Person other than the Company that is directly or indirectly guaranteed by the Company. 

  
 5 

 “Indemnified Party” has the meaning set forth in
Section 9.2(c)(i). 
 “Indemnifying Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2(c)(i).

 “Intellectual Property Right(s)” means any or all of the following and all rights in, arising out of,
or associated therewith: (i) all United States and foreign patents and utility models, including utility patents, design patents, and all registrations and applications therefore and all reissues, divisionals, re-examinations, corrections,
renewals, extensions, provisionals, continuations and continuations in-part thereof, and other derivatives and certificates associated therewith, and equivalent or similar rights anywhere in the world in inventions and discoveries, including,
without limitation, invention disclosures (“Patents”); (ii) all trade secrets, research records, processes, procedures, manufacturing formulae, technical know-how, technology, blue prints, designs, plans, inventions and
confidential or proprietary information throughout the world (“Trade Secrets”); (iii) all copyrights, copyright registrations and applications therefore and all other rights corresponding thereto throughout the world
(“Copyrights”); (iv) all mask works, mask work registrations and applications therefore, and any equivalent or similar rights (“Mask Works”); (v) all industrial designs and any registrations
and applications therefore throughout the world; (vi) all rights in domain names and applications and registrations therefore (“Domain Names”); (vii) all trade names, trade dress, logos or other corporate
designations, common law trademarks and service marks, trademark and service mark registrations and applications therefore and all goodwill associated therewith throughout the world (“Trademarks”); and (viii) any
similar, corresponding or equivalent rights to any of the foregoing anywhere in the world, including, without limitation, moral rights and publicity rights. 
 “Key Employee” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.1. 
 “Key Employee Employment Agreement” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.1. 
 “Knowledge” means with respect to an individual, that such individual will be deemed to have knowledge of a particular fact or other matter if that individual is actually aware of
that fact or matter, following reasonable inquiry. As applied to the Company in this Agreement, “Knowledge” means that any of the officers of the Company is actually aware of a particular fact or other matter, following reasonable inquiry.
As applied to the Buyer or the Merger Sub in this Agreement, “Knowledge” means that the Buyer’s Chief Executive Officer, Lynn Morris, Linda Jett, Mary Kay Delmonico, or Ann Rosar is actually aware of a particular fact or other matter,
following reasonable inquiry. 
 “Law” means any statute, law (including common law), constitution,
treaty, ordinance, code, order, decree, judgment, rule, regulation and any other binding requirement or determination of any Governmental Authority. 
 “Leased Premises” means all leasehold or subleasehold estates and other rights to use or occupy any land, buildings, structures, improvements, fixtures or other interest in real
property held by the Company. 

  
 6 

 “Leases” means all leases, subleases, or other contracts pursuant to
which the Company holds any Leased Premises. 
 “Legal Requirement” means and includes any federal,
state, provincial, local, municipal, foreign, international, multinational, judicial Orders and determinations or other administrative Orders and determinations, constitution, law, ordinance, regulation or similar provision having the force or
effect of law, rule or principle of common law, regulation, statute, or treaty, as the same are in effect or enacted on or prior to the Closing Date. 
 “Letter of Transmittal” means a letter of transmittal in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B. 

“Liability” or “Liabilities” means all liabilities, obligations or commitments of any
nature whatsoever, asserted or unasserted, known or unknown, absolute or contingent, accrued or unaccrued, matured or unmatured or otherwise. 
 “Licensed Company Intellectual Property” shall mean all Company Intellectual Property and Company Intellectual Property Rights, other than the Owned Company Intellectual Property.

 “Licenses” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.14. 

“Lien” means any security interest, pledge, bailment (in the nature of a pledge or for purposes of security),
mortgage, deed of trust, the grant of a power to confess judgment, conditional sales and title retention agreement (including any lease in the nature thereof), charge, encumbrance or other similar arrangement or interest in real or personal
property. 
 “Loss” or “Losses” has the meaning set forth in
Section 9.2(a)(i). 
 "Market Capitalization" means the dollar figure equal to the product of the number of
shares of Buyer Common Stock issued and outstanding multiplied by the Average Trading Price. For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the "Average Trading Price" per share of Buyer Common Stock on any date shall be deemed to be the average of
the daily closing price per share of such shares for the ten consecutive trading days immediately prior to such date; provided, however, if prior to the expiration of such requisite ten trading day period the issuer announces either (i) a
dividend or distribution on Buyer Common Stock payable in such shares or securities convertible into such shares or (ii) any subdivision, combination or reclassification of Buyer Common Stock, then, following the ex-dividend date for such
dividend or the record date for such subdivision, as the case may be, the "Average Trading Price" shall be properly adjusted to take into account such event. The closing price for each day shall be, if the shares are listed and admitted to trading
on a national securities exchange, as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which such the Buyer Common Stock is listed or admitted to
trading or, if such shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price or, if not so quoted, the lowest bid price in the over-the-counter market, as reported by The NASDAQ Stock Market,
Inc.’s OTC Bulletin Board service or such other system then in use. If the Buyer Common Stock is not publicly held or not so listed or traded or if, for the ten days prior to such date, no market maker is making a market in such shares, the
Average Trading 

  
 7 

 
Price of such Buyer Common Stock on such shares shall be deemed to be the fair value of such shares as determined in good faith by the Buyer’s Board of Directors. The term "trading day"
shall mean, if such shares are listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, a day on which the principal national securities exchange on which the Buyer Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction
of business or, if such shares are not listed or admitted, a Business Day. 
 “Marketed Products” means
(i) any current or future product licensed to or owned by the Company and all enhancements and improvements thereof and which is marketed by the Buyer or any Affiliate of the Buyer, including the Company; (ii) any current or future product
licensed to or owned by the Company that is FDA approved or cleared by the FDA for marketing and sale and all enhancements and improvements thereof; (iii) any new products that are discovered or developed by the Key Employees which are marketed
by Buyer or any Affiliate of the Buyer, including the Company; and (iv) any new products that are developed based upon intellectual property owned by the Buyer if the development or marketing of such products results from the efforts of the Key
Employees. For the avoidance of doubt, all products currently owned by or licensed to the Buyer or any Affiliate of the Buyer, immediately prior to the Effective Time shall not be considered Marketed Products. 

“Material Adverse Change” means, any effect or change that would be (or could reasonably be expected to be)
materially adverse to the business, assets, condition (financial or otherwise), operating results, operations or business prospects of the Company, taken as a whole, or to the ability of the Company to consummate timely the transactions contemplated
hereby (regardless of whether or not such adverse effect or change can be or has been cured at any time or whether Buyer has knowledge of such effect or change on the date hereof). 

“Merger” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1. 

“Merger Consideration” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5(a). 

“Merger Sub” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph hereof. 

“NDA” means a New Drug Application filed with the FDA or foreign equivalent. 

“Order” means any order, injunction, judgment, decree, ruling, writ, arbitration decision, award or assessment of
a Governmental Authority. 
 “Ordinary Course of Business” means the ordinary course of business
consistent with past custom and practice (including with respect to nature, scope, magnitude, quantity and frequency) that does not require any board of director or shareholder approval or any other separate or special authorization of any nature
and similar in nature, scope and magnitude to actions customarily taken in the ordinary course of the normal day-to-day operations of other Persons that are in the same line of business. 

“Owned Company Intellectual Property” shall mean that portion of the Company Intellectual Property and Company
Intellectual Property Rights that is owned by the Company 
 “Party” and
“Parties” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph hereof. 

  
 8 

 “Pending Claim Escrow Amount” has the meaning set forth in
Section 9.3(a). 
 “Pending Claim Escrow Excess” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.3(a).

 “Person” means an individual, a partnership, a corporation, a limited liability company, an
association, a joint stock company, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization or a Governmental Authority. 

“Plan” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.15(e). 

“Pre-Closing Tax Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1. 

“Preferred Certificate” shall mean a stock certificate which immediately prior to the Effective Time represented
any shares of Preferred Stock. 
 “Preferred Stock” means the shares of the Company’s Preferred
Stock, par value $0.01 per share. 
 “Principal Stockholders” has the meaning set forth in the
introductory paragraph hereof. 
 “Pro Rata Percentage” means with respect to each Stockholder, a
percentage equal to the pro rata share of the Merger Consideration payable to the Stockholder in accordance with the Articles of Incorporation as set forth on Schedule 2.5 attached hereto. 

“Proceeding” means any action, arbitration, audit, demand, examination, hearing, claim, complaint, charge,
investigation, litigation, proceeding or suit (whether civil, criminal, administrative, judicial or investigative, whether public or private) commenced, brought, conducted or heard by or before, or otherwise involving, any Governmental Authority or
arbitrator. 
 “Representative” means, with respect to a particular Person, any director, officer,
manager, member, partner, stockholder, employee, agent, consultant, advisor, accountant, financial advisor, legal counsel or other representative of that Person. 
 “Rosemont License” means that certain Exclusive Distribution Agreement dated as of June 29, 2011 by and between the Company and Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Limited. 

“Safety Requirements” means all Legal Requirements concerning public health and safety, product safety, product
liability, worker health and safety, including the Occupational Safety and Health Act, as enacted or in effect, on or prior to the Closing Date. 
 “Stockholder” means a holder of Company Stock. 

“Stockholders’ Representative” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.4. 

“Stockholders’ Representative Parties” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.4. 

“Stockholders’ Transaction Expenses” means, to the extent payable by the Company (and not paid by the
Company or the Stockholders before the Closing), costs and expenses 

  
 9 

 
incurred by or on behalf of the Company and the Stockholders in connection with the preparation, execution and performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements, up to a maximum amount
of $10,000, including all fees and out of pocket expenses due all attorneys, accountants and financial advisors of the Company and the Stockholders (but excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any income Taxes imposed on the Stockholders as a result
of the Transaction), plus all fees of Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. (“LTC”), or its affiliates, due as a result of the consummation of the Transaction pursuant to an agreement mutually agreed to by Buyer and LTC. For the
avoidance of doubt, (i) Stockholders’ Transaction Expenses shall in no event exceed $10,000, and (ii) neither the Company nor the Stockholders shall be responsible for any fees of LTC, or its affiliates, due as a result of the
consummation of the Transaction. 
 “Straddle Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.2.

 “Surviving Corporation” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1. 

“Tangible Personal Property” means all machinery, equipment, tools, furniture, office equipment, computer
hardware, supplies, materials, vehicles and other items of tangible personal property owned or leased by the Company. 

“Tax” or “Taxes” means (i) any federal, state, local or foreign income, gross
receipts, franchise, estimated, alternative minimum, add-on minimum, sales, use, transfer, registration, value added, excise, natural resources, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, windfall profit, environmental, customs, duties, real property,
personal property, capital stock, social security, unemployment, disability, payroll, license, employee or other withholding, or other tax, of any kind whatsoever, including any interest, penalties or additions to tax or additional amounts in
respect of the foregoing, (ii) any Liability for or in respect of the payment of any amount of a type described in clause (i) of this definition as a result of being or having been a member of an Affiliated Group, or (iii) any
Liability for or in respect of the payment of any amount described in clauses (i) or (ii) of this definition as a transferee or successor, by contract or otherwise. 
 “Tax Contest” means any audit, claim, dispute or controversy relating to Taxes, including any Proceeding, assessment or adjustment. 

“Tax Effective Time” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.2. 

“Tax Returns” means returns, declarations, reports, claims for refund, information returns or other documents
(including any related, supporting, supplemental, or amending schedules, statements or information) filed or required to be filed in connection with the determination, assessment or collection of Taxes of any party or the administration of any laws,
regulations or administrative requirements relating to any Taxes. 
 “Third Party Proceeding” has the
meaning set forth in Section 9.2(c)(i). 
 “Transaction” means the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements. 

  
 10 

 “Treasury Regulation” means any Treasury Regulations (including
temporary regulations) promulgated by the United States Department of the Treasury with respect to the Code, as amended. 

“Unaudited Financial Statements” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.6. 

ARTICLE II 

THE MERGER 

2.1 The Merger. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, at the Effective Time, the Merger Sub shall,
pursuant to the provisions of the applicable provisions of the N.R.S., be merged with and into the Company (the “Merger”), and the separate corporate existence of the Merger Sub shall thereupon cease in accordance with the
provisions of the applicable provisions of the N.R.S. The Company shall be the surviving corporation in the Merger and shall continue to exist as the surviving corporation pursuant to the provisions of the applicable provisions of the N.R.S. The
separate corporate existence of the Company with all its rights, privileges, powers and franchises shall continue unaffected by the Merger. The Merger shall have the effects specified in the applicable provisions of the N.R.S. From and after the
Effective Time, the Company is sometimes referred to herein as the “Surviving Corporation.” 
 2.2
Certificate of Merger. On the Closing Date and subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the parties hereto shall cause the Merger to be consummated by filing the certificate of merger (the “Certificate of
Merger”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada and by making all other filings or recordings required under the applicable provisions of the N.R.S. in connection with the Merger, in such form as is required by, and executed
in accordance with, the relevant provisions of the applicable the N.R.S. The Merger shall be effective at the time and on the date of the filing of the Certificate of Merger in accordance with the applicable provisions of the N.R.S., which filing
shall occur on the Closing Date (the “Effective Time”). 
 2.3 Articles of Incorporation; Bylaws.
At the Effective Time, the Articles of Incorporation of the Company shall remain the Articles of Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended as provided by the applicable provisions of the N.R.S. and such Articles of
Incorporation. The bylaws of the Company in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the bylaws of the Surviving Corporation until amended in accordance with applicable law. 

2.4 Directors and Officers. From and after the Effective Time, until the earlier of their resignation or removal or until their
respective successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified in accordance with applicable law, (i) the directors of the Surviving Corporation shall be those persons who were the directors of the Merger Sub immediately prior to the
Effective Time, and (ii) the officers of the Surviving Corporation shall be those persons who were the officers of the Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time. 
 2.5 Merger Consideration. The aggregate merger consideration (the “Merger Consideration”) due with respect to the securities of the Company shall consist of the Closing Date
Merger Consideration Shares, the Escrow Shares and the Contingent Merger Consideration Shares. 

  
 11 

 (a) Closing Date Merger Consideration Shares. That portion of the Merger
Consideration payable to the Stockholders at the Effective Time of the Merger shall be the sum of (i) 1,114,560 shares of Buyer Common Stock, which is equal to 19.9% of the Buyer Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the
Effective Time, minus (ii) the Escrow Shares (the “Closing Date Merger Consideration Shares”). 
 (b) Contingent Merger Consideration Shares. 
 (i) In
addition to the Closing Date Merger Consideration Shares, the Stockholders shall, subject to the approval of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of the issued and outstanding shares of Buyer Common Stock, be entitled to the following
additional merger consideration (collectively, the “Contingent Merger Consideration Shares”) based upon the achievement by the Buyer of the following financial milestones during the period beginning at the Effective Time and
ending on the date that is sixty (60) months following the Closing Date (the “Contingent Earnout Period”): 
 (A) that number of shares of Buyer Common Stock equal to 3.98% of the Buyer Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of
any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Buyer Common Stock) if the aggregate Customer Revenue is at least $5,000,000 or the Buyer has a Market Capitalization of at least $75,000,000 at any
time during the Contingent Earnout Period; 
 (B) that number of shares of Buyer Common Stock equal to 3.98% of
the Buyer Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Buyer Common
Stock) if the aggregate Customer Revenue is at least $10,000,000 or the Buyer has a Market Capitalization of at least $150,000,000 at any time during the Contingent Earnout Period; 

(C) that number of shares of Buyer Common Stock equal to 3.98% of the Buyer Common Stock issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Buyer Common Stock) if the aggregate Customer Revenue is at
least $15,000,000 or the Buyer has a Market Capitalization of at least $200,000,000 at any time during the Contingent Earnout Period; 
 (D) that number of shares of Buyer Common Stock equal to 3.98% of the Buyer Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of
any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar 

  
 12 

 
recapitalization with respect to the Buyer Common Stock) if the aggregate Customer Revenue is at least $20,000,000 or the Buyer has a Market Capitalization of at least $250,000,000 at any time
during the Contingent Earnout Period; and 
 (E) that number of shares of Buyer Common Stock equal to 3.98% of
the Buyer Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Buyer Common
Stock) upon the consummation by the Buyer of the first equity financing or series of related equity financings as a result of which the Buyer receives an aggregate of at least $10,000,000 in gross proceeds at any time during the Contingent Earnout
Period; and 
 (F) upon the consummation of Change of Control of the Buyer at any time during the Contingent
Earnout Period, if, and only if, the Company has any Marketed Products at the time such Change of Control transaction is consummated, 1,114,560 shares of Buyer Common Stock, which is equal to 19.9% of the Buyer Common Stock issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time, (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Buyer Common Stock) minus that number of the Contingent
Merger Consideration Shares previously issued by the Buyer pursuant to the preceding clauses (i) through (v) of this Section 2.5(b). 
 (ii) If the employment of a Key Employee is terminated by the Buyer without “Cause” (as defined in such Key Employee’s Key Employee Employment Agreement) or if the Key Employee terminates
his employment with the Buyer with “Good Reason” (as defined in such Key Employee’s Key Employee Employment Agreement), then, if, and only if, such termination by the Buyer without “Cause” or by the Key Employee with Good
Reason occurs during the Initial Term (as defined in such Key Employee’s Key Employee Employment Agreement) and after a Qualified Public Offering (as defined in such Key Employee’s Key Employee Employment Agreement), subject to the
approval of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of the issued and outstanding shares of Buyer Common Stock, such Key Employee shall be immediately entitled to his pro rata portion of the previously unissued Contingent Merger Consideration
Shares. Each Key Employee’s pro rata portion of the Contingent Merger Consideration Shares is reflected on Schedule 2.5 of this Agreement. Such Key Employee’s right to receive Contingent Merger Consideration Shares pursuant to this
Section 2.5(b)(ii) is subject to all provisions of this Agreement applicable to the Contingent Merger Consideration Shares, including without limitation the Buyer’s right to satisfy any Buyer Indemnitee Losses by set-off against the
Contingent Merger Consideration Shares to which such Key Employee is entitled pursuant to Section 9.3(b). Upon issuance to a Key Employee of his pro rata portion of the Contingent Merger Consideration Shares pursuant to this Section

  
 13 

 
2.5(b)(ii), Buyer shall be deemed to have fully satisfied and discharged its obligations with respect to such Key Employee’s portion of the Contingent Merger Consideration Shares, and Buyer
shall not be liable to such Key Employee in respect thereof. 
 (c) Stockholders Entitled to Receive Merger
Consideration. The Merger Consideration shall be allocated and paid in accordance with Schedule 2.5 attached hereto and the provisions of this Article II. The Company and the Principal Stockholders warrant that no Person has any other
rights to any portion of the Merger Consideration except as set forth in Schedule 2.5 hereof. 
 (d) The Buyer agrees
that it shall submit to its stockholders at its next annual meeting of the stockholders, which shall be held on or prior to May 31, 2012, a proxy statement that includes a proposal for the issuance of the Contingent Merger Consideration Shares
to the Stockholders subject to and in accordance with the terms hereof and a recommendation of the Buyer to approve such issuance. If Buyer’s stockholders do not approve such issuance at such annual stockholders meeting, then the Buyer agrees
to submit a new proxy statement to its shareholders seeking approval of such issuance at the next three annual stockholders meetings (i.e., ending with the 2015 annual meeting of the stockholders), unless and until such issuance has been approved.

 2.6 Effect on Securities of the Company and Merger Sub. 

(a) By virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of any holder thereof or any party hereto, as of the Effective Time, each
share of Company Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (except for shares held in the Company’s treasury) shall be cancelled and converted into the right to receive said Stockholder’s portion of the Merger
Consideration in accordance with Schedule 2.5 hereof, if any, without interest. 
 (b) Effect on Treasury Stock.
As of the Effective Time, shares of Company Stock in the Company’s treasury shall be cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist, and no payment shall be made in respect thereof. 

(c) Effect on Stockholders Rights; Transfer. As of the Effective Time, the Stockholders of Company Stock shall cease to have any
rights with respect to such Company Stock, except the right to receive the applicable portion of the Merger Consideration in accordance with Schedule 2.5 hereof. After the Effective Time, there shall be no transfers on the stock transfer
books of the Surviving Corporation of the shares of Company Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. If, after the Effective Time, Certificates or affidavits, as the case may be, are presented to the Surviving
Corporation, they shall be cancelled and exchanged for the Merger Consideration as provided for, and in accordance with, the provisions of Section 2.9. 
 (d) Effect on Company Securities. Immediately prior to the Closing, in connection with the Merger, the Company shall cause all outstanding Company Securities to be exercised or cancelled and
terminated, so that the Company shall have no further liability with respect to, and no Company Stock shall be issuable under, such Company Securities as of the Closing. 

  
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 (e) Effect on Securities of Merger Sub. As of the Effective Time, each share of
capital stock of the Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall, without any action on the part of Merger Sub, be converted on a one-for-one basis into shares of the corresponding class of capital stock of the
Surviving Corporation. 
 (f) Waivers. Prior to the Closing, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to
obtain any necessary waivers, consents or releases, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Buyer, from the holders of Options or warrants issued by the Company required to give effect to the transactions contemplated by this
Section 2.6. 
 2.7 Dissenting Shares. Each Stockholder of the Company immediately prior to the Effective Time has
properly waived such Stockholder’s dissenters’ rights with respect to the Transaction under the applicable provisions of the N.R.S. 
 2.8 The Closing Date. The closing of the Transaction (the “Closing”) shall take place at the offices of Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, LLP in Atlanta, Georgia, at
10:00 a.m. local time on January 17, 2012, or at such other place or on such other date as is mutually acceptable to the Parties. The date of the Closing is referred to herein as the “Closing Date”. 

2.9 Closing; Payment of Merger Consideration. 
 (a) Closing; Issuance of Closing Date Merger Consideration Shares. Subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, the Parties agree that the following transfers shall occur at the Closing:

 (i) each of the Stockholders shall deliver to the Buyer fully-completed and executed Letters of Transmittal,
together with all attachments thereto, and Certificates or, in the event that any Certificate shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, an affidavit of that fact and providing for indemnification by the registered Stockholder of such lost, stolen
or destroyed Certificate; 
 (ii) the Buyer shall deliver to the Stockholders’ Representative or the
Stockholders, if so directed by the Stockholders’ Representative, the Closing Date Merger Consideration Shares, which shares shall be issued pursuant to the Letter of Transmittal delivered to the Buyer by such Stockholder; 

(iii) the Company shall deliver evidence that the amount of any Existing Debt Payoff Amount has been paid by it; and

 (iv) the Buyer shall deposit the Escrow Shares with the Escrow Agent, and the Escrow Agent shall hold the
Escrow Shares in a separate account (the “Escrow Fund”), which shall be governed by the terms of the Escrow Agreement, for purposes of the payment to the Buyer or the Stockholders’ Representative, as the case may be, of
indemnification claims of Buyer Indemnitees required by Article IX; and 

  
 15 

 (v) the Company shall cause its legal counsel to deliver to the Buyer an
opinion letter relating to the Transaction, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Buyer; 
 (vi) the
Buyer, Merger Sub, the Stockholders and the Company, as applicable, shall deliver such certificates and other agreements, documents and instruments as reasonably requested by the other Party. 

(b) Post-Closing; Issuance of Contingent Merger Consideration Shares. The Buyer shall deliver an amount equal to the
Stockholders’ Transaction Expenses to the applicable Persons to whom such amounts are owed within fifteen (15) days following the Closing Date. Subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, the Parties agree that within fifteen
(15) Business Days of determination of the Customer Revenue pursuant to Section 2.11, the Buyer shall deliver the Contingent Merger Consideration Shares to which the Stockholders are entitled to the Stockholders’ Representative, or
directly to the Stockholders if so instructed by the Stockholders’ Representative. Upon the payment of the Merger Consideration, including the delivery of the Contingent Merger Consideration Shares to which the Stockholders are entitled, if
any, to the Stockholders’ Representative, Buyer shall be deemed to have fully satisfied and discharged its obligations with respect to such portion of the Merger Consideration delivered to the Stockholders’ Representative, Buyer shall not
be liable to any of the Stockholders in respect thereof and the Stockholders shall look only to the Stockholders’ Representative for any such amounts. 
 2.10 Deduction for Taxes. Each of the Escrow Agent, the Surviving Corporation and the Buyer shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the portion of the Merger Consideration, that number of
shares of Buyer Common Stock equal in value (based on the closing price of the Buyer Common Stock on the day immediately preceding the date such shares are to be delivered) to such amounts as are required to be withheld with respect to the making of
such payment under the Code, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, or any provision of United States federal, state or local Tax laws. To the extent that amounts are so withheld, such withheld amounts shall be paid to the applicable
Governmental Authority and treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the holder thereof in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made. 
 2.11 Determination of Customer Revenue and Delivery of Contingent Merger Consideration Shares. 
 (a) The Principal Stockholders and the Company hereby acknowledge and agree that, notwithstanding anything else contained in the Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement, none of the Buyer, Merger Sub or any
of their respective Affiliates have made or shall be deemed to have made any representation, warranty or guarantee related to the Buyer’s, the Surviving Corporation’s or any of their respective Affiliates’ or any of their respective
employees’, officers’, directors’ or agents’ ability to sell any Marketed Products; provided, however that they shall use their reasonable commercial efforts to sell the Marketed Products; provided, further that the Buyer or any
of its Affiliates shall have the right to discontinue marketing or offering for sale any products, as determined by it in good faith. The Parties hereby acknowledge and agree that none of Buyer, the Surviving Corporation or any of their respective
Affiliates shall have any obligation to sell any Marketed Products after the Closing and none of 

  
 16 

 
the Buyer, the Surviving Corporation or any of their respective Affiliates shall be liable for any Loss or any other claims or actions against or related to the strategy, operations, efforts or
method used by Buyer, the Surviving Corporation or their respective Affiliates or any of their Representatives to sell or refrain from selling any Marketed Products after Closing. 

(b) The Buyer shall provide to the Stockholders’ Representative not more than thirty (30) calendar days following the
expiration of the applicable period for the calculation of the applicable Contingent Merger Consideration Shares a certificate signed by an executive officer of the Buyer showing its calculation of the Customer Revenue for the applicable period in
reasonable detail (the “Customer Revenue Calculation Notice”). The Surviving Corporation shall provide the Stockholders’ Representative reasonable access to the books, records, working papers and other information
supporting such calculation of the Customer Revenue. The Buyer's calculation of Customer Revenue shall be conclusive and binding on the Parties absent manifest error unless the Stockholders deliver a notice as specified below objecting to such
calculation. The Stockholders’ Representative shall be provided access to the books and records of the Buyer and the Company and if they disagree with Buyer’s calculation of the Customer Revenue they may within ten days of their receipt of
written notification of such calculation deliver a notice to the Buyer disagreeing with such calculation. If the parties are unable to agree upon the calculation they shall retain a third party to review the calculation. If the third party
determines that the Customer Revenue has been understated by ten percent or more then the Buyer will pay the fees of such third party and immediately issue any shares that should be issued to the Stockholders based upon the third part calculation.
If the Customer Revenue has been overstated by ten percent or more then the Stockholders shall pay the fees of such third party. In all other cases the Buyer and the Stockholders’ Representative shall equally share the fee of such third parry.
Any understatement shall immediately be rectified by the Buyer. 
 2.12 Legends and Restrictions. The shares of Buyer
Common Stock, and any securities issued in respect thereof or exchange therefor, issued to the Stockholders as Merger Consideration shall be imprinted with a conspicuous legend in substantially the following form (unless otherwise permitted under
this Agreement): 
 “THESE SHARES HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR ANY STATE OR
OTHER SECURITIES LAWS, AND HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND NOT WITH A VIEW TO, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THE SALE OR DISTRIBUTION THEREOF. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF EXCEPT (i) PURSUANT TO
REGISTRATIONS UNDER APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS, OR (ii) IF, IN THE OPINION OF COUNSEL REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY, THE PROPOSED TRANSFER MAY BE EFFECTED IN COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS WITHOUT REGISTRATION.”

 Upon the request of a Stockholder or any successor holder of any shares of Buyer Common Stock issued as Merger Consideration,
accompanied by an opinion of counsel selected by such Stockholder or successor holder, which opinion and other counsel are reasonably satisfactory to the Buyer, to the effect that a transfer by the holder will not violate the 1933 Act or applicable
state or other securities laws, the Buyer shall remove the legend from the Buyer Common Stock held by the holder or shall issue to the holder a new certificate for Buyer Common Stock without the transfer legend. 

  
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 2.13 Tax Intent of the Parties. It is the intention of the parties that the Merger be
treated as a reorganization qualifying under Section 368(a) of the Code. The Parties shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to take all reasonable actions necessary to cause the Merger to qualify as a reorganization pursuant to such
section of the Code and shall treat the Merger accordingly on their respective Tax Returns. 
 ARTICLE III 

CONDITIONS TO CLOSING 
 [INTENTIONALLY OMITTED] 
 ARTICLE IV 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY 
 As a material inducement to the Buyer and the Merger Sub to enter into this Agreement, the Company hereby represents and warrants to the Buyer and the Merger Sub that, as of the date hereof and as of the
Closing Date: 
 4.1 Organization and Corporate Power. The Company is a corporation, duly organized, validly existing and
in good standing under the Legal Requirements of the State of Nevada, has the full corporate power and authority to own, operate and lease its properties and assets and to carry on its business as now conducted and presently proposed to be
conducted, and is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation in each of the jurisdictions listed in Schedule 4.1 attached hereto, which constitute all of the jurisdictions in which the failure to so qualify would have a material
adverse effect on the Company. The Company furnished to the Buyer complete and correct copies of its Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Company, each as in effect as of the date hereof. 

4.2 Authorization of Transaction. The Company has full power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and the Ancillary
Agreements to which the Company is a party and to consummate the Transaction. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which the Company is a party and the consummation of the
Transaction have been duly and validly authorized and approved by all requisite action on the part of the Company, including all action required to be taken by the Stockholders, and no other approval or other proceedings (corporate or otherwise) on
the part of the Company or the Stockholders are necessary to approve and authorize the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which the Company is a party and the consummation of the Transaction. Each
Stockholder of the Company has properly waived such Stockholder’s dissenters’ rights with respect the Transaction under the applicable provisions of the N.R.S. This Agreement and each of the Ancillary Agreements to which the Company is a
party has been duly executed and delivered by the Company, and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability hereof or thereof may be limited by
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other Legal Requirements affecting creditors’ rights generally and limitations on the availability of equitable remedies. 

  
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 4.3 Capitalization. The authorized, issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of
the Company immediately as of the Closing are set forth on Schedule 4.3. All the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid, nonassessable and are free of preemptive right,
and all shares of capital stock of the Company reserved for issuance upon exercise or vesting of outstanding options or warrants to purchase any shares of Company Stock will be, upon issuance, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid,
nonassessable and free of preemptive rights. As of the Closing (a) there are no outstanding or authorized Company Securities; (b) there are no voting trusts, proxies or any other agreements or understandings with respect to the voting of
the Company Stock; and (d) the Company is not subject to any obligation (contingent or otherwise) to repurchase or otherwise acquire or retire any of shares of Company Stock. 

4.4 No Investments. As of the Effective Time, the Company does not own or hold the right to acquire any stock, partnership
interest, joint venture interest or other equity ownership interest in any other Person or other business. 
 4.5 Absence of
Conflicts. Except as set forth on Schedule 4.5, neither the execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which the Company is a party nor the consummation or performance of the Transaction in
accordance with the terms of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements will (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both): (a) contravene, conflict with, or result in a violation of any provision of the Articles of Incorporation or the
Bylaws of the Company; (b) contravene, conflict with, or result in a violation of, or give any Governmental Authority or other Person the right to challenge the Transaction under, any Legal Requirement to which the Company or its business,
properties or assets may be subject; (c) contravene, conflict with, or result in a violation or breach of any of the terms or requirements of, or give any Governmental Authority the right to revoke, withdraw, suspend, cancel, terminate or
modify, any License that is held by the Company; (d) contravene, conflict with, or result in a violation or breach of any provision of, or give any Person the right to declare a default or exercise any remedy under, or to accelerate the
maturity or performance of, or to cancel, terminate, or modify, or give rise to a purchase or comparable right under, or result in the loss of any benefit or right under, any Contract (including the Rosemont License) to which the Company is a party
or by which any of its properties or assets is bound, including, but not limited to, the Contracts listed on Schedule 4.11; or (e) result in the imposition or creation of any Lien upon or with respect to any of the properties or assets owned or
used by the Company. 
 4.6 Financial Statements. Prior to the Closing, the Company has delivered to the Buyer the
audited financial statements of the Company (audited balance sheet and statements of operations, cash flow and stockholders’ equity) for the period ended July 31, 2011 (the “Audited Financial Statements”) and
current year management prepared unaudited financial statements of the Company (balance sheet and statement of operations) for the period ended November 30, 2011 (the “Unaudited Financial Statements”, together with the
Audited Financial Statements, the “Financial Statements”). The Financial Statements are complete and correct in all material respects and have been prepared in accordance with GAAP from the accounting records of the Company
applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods indicated and with each other. The Financial Statements fairly and accurately present the financial condition and operating results of the Company in all material respects as of the respective
dates and for the respective periods indicated, and are consistent with the method in which they are presented, all in accordance with GAAP. The Company also has delivered to the Buyer copies of all letters from the Company’s auditors to its
boards of directors or audit committee since inception, together with copies of all responses thereto. 

  
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 4.7 Absence of Undisclosed Liabilities. 

(a) Except as set forth on Schedule 4.7, the Company has no Liabilities arising out of transactions entered into prior to the
Effective Time, except: (i) Liabilities stated in the Unaudited Financial Statements, and (iii) Liabilities that have arisen after the date of the Unaudited Financial Statements in the Ordinary Course of Business. 

(b) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, except as set forth on Schedule 4.7, the Company has complied in all
material respects with all material applicable Legal Requirements, and the Company has not received notice or other written communication alleging a violation of any applicable Legal Requirement. 

4.8 Absence of Certain Developments. Except as disclosed on Schedule 4.8, since July 31, 2011 through the date hereof, there
has occurred no change which, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted in a Material Adverse Change of the Company. Except as set forth on Schedule 4.8 and except as expressly required by this Agreement, since July 31, 2011,
(x) the Company has operated the business in all material respects in the Ordinary Course of Business and (y) the Company has not: 
 (a) made any loans or advances to, or guarantees for the benefit of, any Person; 

(b) incurred any Indebtedness other than in the Ordinary Course of Business; 

(c) mortgaged, pledged or subjected, or allowed or suffered to become subject, to any Lien, any material portion of its properties or
assets; 
 (d) entered into, amended (including through waivers or other modifications) or terminated, any Lease or contract
(other than in the Ordinary Course of Business); 
 (e) made or granted any bonus or any wage, salary or compensation increase
(including with respect to any severance or change in control payment) in excess of $10,000 to any current or former director, officer, employee or consultant or made or granted any increase in any employee benefit plan or arrangement, or amended or
terminated any existing employee benefit plan or arrangement or adopted any new employee benefit plan or arrangement; 
 (f)
made any capital expenditure or commitments for capital expenditures or any investment in any other Person, or entered into any Lease or lease of capital equipment; 
 (g) changed or authorized any change in the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Company; 
 (h) declared, set aside or paid any dividends or made any other distributions with respect to, or purchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired or agreed to acquire, any shares of capital stock or other
securities of the Company (including any warrants, options or other rights to acquire capital stock or other equity securities; 

  
 20 

 (i) changed or authorized any change in its accounting practices or policies or method of
accounting for any items in the preparation of the financial statements of the Company; 
 (j) incurred any physical damage,
destruction or other casualty loss, whether or not covered by insurance, affecting any of its property; 
 (k) entered into any
settlement, conciliation or similar contract involving claims, or paid, discharged, settled, waived or satisfied any material Liabilities or rights of the Company; 
 (l) any waiver of any material rights or claims of the Company; 
 (m) any
cancellation, or agreement to cancel, any Indebtedness or other obligation owing to the Company; 
 (n) any sale or transfer, or
any agreement to sell or transfer, any material assets, properties or rights of the Company; or 
 (o) entered into or approved
any contract, arrangement or understanding to do, engage in or cause or having the effects of, any of the foregoing. 
 4.9
Title to Assets. 
 (a) The Company does not own any land or other interest in real property. 

(b) Schedule 4.9(b) sets forth the address of all Leased Premises and a true and complete list of all Leases for each of the
Leased Premises. The Company has delivered to the Buyer a complete and correct copy of each such Lease. The Leased Premises constitute all of the real property used, occupied or held for use by the Company. 

(c) Except as set forth on Schedule 4.9(c), the Company has good and marketable title to (or in the case of assets identified as
leased in the books and records of the Company, a valid leasehold interest in) the Tangible Personal Property that is shown on the Unaudited Financial Statements or acquired thereafter, free and clear of all Liens. 

4.10 Taxes. The Company has filed all Tax Returns that it was required to file for all applicable Taxes, for all years and
periods, and portions thereof for which the due date (with extension) falls on or before the Closing Date, the Company has not waived any statute of limitations or is currently the beneficiary of any extension of time within which to file any Tax
Return. All such Tax Returns are complete and correct in all material respects, and proper records have been maintain to substantiate the accuracy and correctness of all such Tax Returns. There are no liens for Taxes (other than for Taxes not yet
due and payable) upon any of the assets of the Company. Except as set forth on Schedule 4.10, with respect to Taxes of the Company, there are no Tax Contests or investigations by any Governmental Authority pending or ongoing, no written
notice that a Tax Contest or investigation is pending or proposed has been received from any Governmental Authority, and, to the Knowledge of the Company, no Tax Contest or investigation has been threatened. No claim has ever been made by an
authority in a jurisdiction where the Company does not file Tax Returns that the Company may be subject to 

  
 21 

 
taxation by that jurisdiction. The Company has timely withheld and paid over to the appropriate Governmental Authority all Taxes required to have been withheld and paid in connection with amounts
paid or owing to any Person, including any employee, equityholder or creditor, and the Company has properly completed and timely filed all IRS Forms W-2, 1042 and 1099 (and similar forms) required with respect thereto. Subject to the approval by the
requisite Stockholders pursuant to Section 280G(b)(5) of the Code, the Company has not made, and is not and will not become obligated to make, any payments that will be nondeductible under Section 280G of the Code. There are no unpaid
Taxes of the Company relating to or arising out of any period (or partial period) ending on or prior to the Closing Date, except to the extent that such Taxes, being current Taxes not yet due and payable, are properly accrued by the Company on the
Unaudited Financial Statements or have been properly accrued since the date of the Unaudited Financial Statements in the Ordinary Course of Business, and since the date of the Unaudited Financial Statements the Company has not incurred any Liability
for Taxes arising from extraordinary gains or losses, as that term is used in GAAP, outside the Ordinary Course of Business. Except as set forth in Schedule 4.10, there are no outstanding agreements or waivers extending the statutory
period of limitations applicable to any Tax Returns required to be filed by the Company, or that include or are treated as including, the Company with respect to any Tax assessment or deficiency or Tax Contest affecting the Company. 

4.11 Contracts and Commitments. Attached as Schedule 4.11 is the list of Contracts provided by the Company to Buyer in the
course of Buyer’s due diligence. Except as described in Schedule 4.11 the Company is not a party to any other material agreement, Contract or arrangement. All of the Contracts listed on Schedule 4.11 are in full force and effect
and are legal, valid, and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, except to the extent such enforceability is subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other
law affecting or relating to creditors’ rights generally and general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law). The Company is in compliance with all terms and
requirements of each such Contract and, to the Knowledge of the Company, each other Person that is party to any such Contract is in material compliance with the terms and requirements of such Contract. To the Knowledge of the Company, no event has
occurred or circumstance existing that (with or without notice or lapse of time) may contravene, conflict with or result in a violation or breach of, or give the Company or any other Person the right to declare a default or exercise any remedy
under, or to accelerate the maturity or performance of, or to cancel, terminate or modify any such Contract. There are no renegotiations, attempts to renegotiate or outstanding rights to negotiate any amount to be paid or payable to or by the
Company under any such Contract other than with respect to non-material amounts in the Ordinary Course of Business, and no Person has made a written demand for such renegotiation. The Company has not released or waived any of its rights under any
Contract listed on Schedule 4.11. 
 4.12 Intellectual Property. 

(a) Schedule 4.12(a) contains a complete and accurate list of the following, to the extent they are Owned Company Intellectual
Property: (i) all registered Trademarks and applications therefor; (ii) all Patents; (iii) all registered Copyrights and applications therefor; and (iv) all Domain Names, in each case listing, if and as applicable, (A) the
name of the applicant/registrant and current owner, (B) the jurisdiction where the application/registration is 

  
 22 

 
located and (C) the application or registration number. To the Knowledge of the Company, all such Owned Company Intellectual Property is valid and enforceable. All of the Intellectual
Property Rights, to the extent they are Owned Company Intellectual Property, are owned beneficially, and with respect to applications and registrations therefor, of record, solely by the Company, and the Company is solely responsible for the costs
of acquisition, development, maintenance, and prosecution of such Company Intellectual Property Rights, and all necessary registration, maintenance, renewal and other relevant filing fees in connection with such Company Intellectual Property Rights
have been timely paid, and all necessary documents, certificates and other relevant filings in connection with any of the foregoing have been timely filed, with the relevant Governmental Authorities and Internet domain name registrars in the United
States or foreign jurisdictions, as the case may be, for the purpose of maintaining such Company Intellectual Property Rights. There are no actions that must be taken by the Company within one hundred twenty (120) days of the Closing Date,
including the payment of any registration, maintenance or renewal fees or the filing of any responses to office actions, documents, applications or certificates for the purposes of obtaining, maintaining, perfecting or preserving or renewing any
Company Intellectual Property Rights. 
 (b) Schedule 4.12(b) contains a complete and accurate list of all Contracts
material to the Company as of the date hereof (i) under which the Company uses or has the right to use any Licensed Company Intellectual Property, other than licenses and related services agreements for commercially available Intellectual
Property or (ii) under which the Company has transferred, assigned or licensed to others the right to use any Company Intellectual Property or Company Intellectual Property Rights, other than, in the case of clauses (i) and (ii), any
customer, developer, distributor, referral, agency, consulting, promotion, and reseller licenses and other agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, in each case specifying the parties to the agreement
(such agreements, the “Company Intellectual Property Agreements”). To the Knowledge of the Company, as of the date hereof, there are no pending disputes regarding the scope of such Company Intellectual Property Agreements,
performance under the Company Intellectual Property Agreements, or with respect to payments made or received under such Company Intellectual Property Agreements. No Company Intellectual Property Agreements give ownership or exclusive rights to any
improvements or derivative works of any Licensed Company Intellectual Property made by the Company, except where the Company has a license or other rights to make use of such improvements or derivative works, or such improvements or derivative works
are not material to the business of the Company. 
 (c) The Company owns all right, title and interest in the Owned Company
Intellectual Property, free and clear of all Liens other than (i) encumbrances, licenses, restrictions or other obligations arising under any of the Company Intellectual Property Agreements, and (iii) Liens that would not result in,
individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Change. The Company owns or have sufficient rights to use the Company Intellectual Property as currently used and proposed to be used by the Company. 

(d) The Company has taken reasonable and appropriate steps to protect and preserve the confidentiality of the Trade Secrets that comprise
any part of the Company Intellectual Property, and to the Knowledge of the Company, as of the date hereof, there are no unauthorized uses, disclosures or infringements of any such Trade Secrets by any Person. To the Knowledge of the Company, all use
and disclosure by the Company of Trade Secrets owned by 

  
 23 

 
another Person have been pursuant to the terms of a written agreement with such Person or was otherwise lawful, except to the extent that any use or disclosure of any Trade Secret owned by
another Person that was not done in accordance with a written agreement would not result in, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Change. 
 (e) As of the date hereof, (i) the Company has not infringed upon or otherwise violated, or is infringing upon or otherwise violating, in any respect the Intellectual Property Rights of any third
party and (ii) no third party is infringing or otherwise violating any Owned Company Intellectual Property. 
 (f) As of
the date hereof, the Company has not received written notice of a claim that the conduct of the Company’s business infringes, misappropriates, or otherwise violates the Intellectual Property Rights of a third Person. As of the date hereof, the
Company is not subject to any Order that restricts or impairs the use of any material Company Intellectual Property Rights, other than restrictions or impairments that would not result in, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Change.

 (g) The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not result
in (i) the Company granting to any third party any rights or licenses to any Company Intellectual Property Rights except as set forth in any of the Company Intellectual Property Agreements, (ii) any third Person that is a party to a
Company Intellectual Property Agreement having the right to terminate the applicable Company Intellectual Property Agreement, (iii) the imposition of any Lien on any Owned Company Intellectual Property, or (iv) the Company or the Buyer
being obligated to pay any royalties, fees, honoraria or other amounts to any third party in excess of those payable by the Company prior to the Closing Date pursuant to contracts to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound. 

4.13 Brokerage. Except as set forth on Schedule 4.13, no broker, finder or investment banker acting on behalf of the
Stockholders or the Company is entitled to any fee, commission or other payment from the Stockholders or the Company in connection with this Agreement or the Transaction. 
 4.14 Governmental Licenses and Permits. Schedule 4.14 contains a complete and correct listing of all permits, licenses, franchises, certificates, approvals, registrations, accreditations and
other authorizations of Governmental Authorities (including all licenses, permits and other authorizations that are required pursuant to any Environmental Requirements for the occupancy of its properties or facilities, or the operation of its
businesses) (collectively, the “Licenses”) owned or possessed by the Company, and to the Company’s Knowledge, no other Licenses are required in the conduct of the business of the Company as currently conducted or as
proposed to be conducted. Except as set forth on Schedule 4.14, all Licenses are in full force and effect and the Company is operating and each of the Company has operated in compliance with all such Licenses as well as the applicable orders,
approvals and variances related thereto, and are not in violation of any of the foregoing. Except as specifically provided on Schedule 4.14, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not result in a default under or a breach or
violation of, or adversely affect the rights and benefits afforded to the Company by any such Licenses. 

  
 24 

 4.15 Employment and Labor Matters. 

(a) Schedule 4.15(a) attached hereto sets forth a true, correct and complete list of: (i) all written agreements with any
employee, officer, director or consultant of the Company, including without limitation all non-competition agreements, (ii) their current fixed and variable rate of compensation and benefits, (iii) their accrued vacation, if applicable,
and (iv) all agreements which provide for severance benefits to be paid or payable to any employee, officer, director or consultant of the Company. The Company has not entered into any other agreements with any director, officer or employee of
the Company, including without limitation, any agreement granting severance benefits or benefits payable upon a change of control of the Company. 
 (b) There are no former employees of the Company, who are entitled to, or receiving, COBRA Coverage as of the date of this Agreement. 

(c) Since its formation, the Company has not been the subject of any union activity or labor dispute, nor has there been any strike of
any kind or similar labor activity called, or threatened to be called, against the Company; and, to the Knowledge of the Company, the Company has not violated in any material respects any applicable federal or state law or regulation relating to
labor or labor practices with regard to the operations of the Company, including, without limitation, all laws relating to labor relations, equal employment opportunities, fair employment practices, prohibited discrimination and similar employment
activities, and the Company is not a party to any collective bargaining agreement affecting the Company. 
 (d) With respect to
the business conducted by the Company, there are no unpaid wages, bonuses or commissions (other than those not yet due) nor does the Company owe any Tax, penalty, assessment or forfeiture for failure to comply with any of the foregoing. 

(e) The Company does not maintain, contribute to or have any Liability or potential Liability with respect to (i) any “employee
benefit plan” (as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”)), or (ii) any other plan, program, policy, practice, arrangement or contract providing
benefits or payments to current or former employees (or to their beneficiaries or dependents) of the Company or to any other Person (in each case of (i) and (ii), a “Plan”). 

4.16 Insurance. Schedule 4.16 lists each insurance policy maintained by or for the benefit of the Company with respect to
the Company’s assets, properties or businesses (including the name of the insurer, the policy number, and the period, amount and scope of coverage). Such policies are in amounts and have coverages as required by any contract to which the
Company is a party or by which any of its assets or properties is bound. All such insurance policies are in full force and effect. The Company is not in default with respect to its obligations under any such insurance policy or has received written
notice of cancellation or termination in respect of any such policy, and, to the Knowledge of the Company, no cancellation or termination of any such policy is pending or threatened by the current insurers of the Company. 

4.17 Affiliate Transactions. To the Knowledge of the Company, except as disclosed on Schedule 4.17, neither (a) any
current or former officer, director, manager, stockholder or unitholder of the Company, (b) any individual related by blood, marriage or adoption to any of the foregoing individuals, (c) any trust or comparable entity that is operated for
the benefit of any 

  
 25 

 
of the individuals referred to in each of the foregoing clauses, nor (d) any entity in which any Person referred to in each of the foregoing clauses owns any beneficial interest, (i) is
a party to any agreement, contract, commitment or transaction with the Company, or (ii) has any interest in any property, real or personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, used in or pertaining to the Company’s business. 

4.18 Environmental and Safety Matters. The Company has obtained and complied in all material respects with all Licenses that may
be required pursuant to Environmental Requirements or Safety Requirements for the occupation of its facilities and the operation of the Company’s business; and the Company is, and at all times been, in compliance in all material respects with
all Environmental Requirements and Safety Requirements. To the Knowledge of the Company, there is no fact or circumstance which could form the basis for the assertion of any claim against any Company under any Environmental Requirements, including
CERCLA or any similar Law, with respect to any on-site or off-site location, or under any Safety Requirements. 
 4.19
Litigation and Compliance with Law. 
 (a) Except as set forth on Schedule 4.19, there are no Proceedings, pending
or, to the Company’s Knowledge, threatened against or affecting the Company, at Law or in equity, or before or by any Governmental Authority or instrumentality having jurisdiction over the Company. No notice of Proceeding, whether pending or
threatened, has been received by the Company, and, there is no basis therefor. 
 (b) Except to the extent set forth on
Schedule 4.19, (i) the Company has, at all times, conducted its business in compliance with all Legal Requirements applicable to the business or the assets of the Company (including, without limitation, obtaining all necessary
authorizations under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938, as amended (the “FDCA”), and all regulations of the FDA), and (ii) the Company currently conduct the Company’s business operations in compliance
with all Legal Requirements applicable to the Company’s business and assets. 
 (c) The Company has not received any
written notice from the FDA or any other Governmental Authority that all biological and drug products being manufactured, distributed or developed by the Company or any preclinical or clinical trial conducted to date by or on behalf of the Company
fails to meet the protocols requested by the FDA or otherwise necessary for inclusion as part of any IND or NDA submission to the FDA. The Company has made available to the Buyer all correspondence between the Company and the FDA through the Closing
Date. 
 (d) The Company has not committed any act, made any statement or failed to make any statement that would reasonably be
expected to provide a basis for the FDA to invoke its policy with respect to “Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery, and Illegal Gratuities” set forth in 56 Fed. Reg. 46191 (September 10, 1991) and any amendments thereto.
Additionally, neither the Company nor any employee of the Company has been convicted of any crime or engaged in any conduct that would reasonably be expected to result in (i) debarment under 21 U.S.C. Section 335a or any similar state Law
or regulation or (ii) exclusion under 42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7 or any similar state Legal Requirement. 

  
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 4.20 Books and Records. The books of account and other financial records to be
transferred to the Buyer pursuant hereto are in all material respects complete and correct, are maintained in accordance with all Legal Requirements, and are accurately reflected in the Financial Statements. The Company has provided to the Buyer and
its Representatives true and complete copies of or access to all minute books or corporate records relating to the Company. 

4.21 Bank Accounts, Letters of Credit and Powers of Attorney. Schedule 4.21 lists (a) all bank accounts,
lock boxes and safe deposit boxes relating to the business and operations of the Company (including the name of the bank or other institution where such account or box is located and the name of each authorized signatory thereto), (b) all
outstanding letters of credit issued by financial institutions for the account of the Company (setting forth, in each case, the financial institution issuing such letter of credit, the maximum amount available under such letter of credit, the terms
(including the expiration date) of such letter of credit and the party or parties in whose favor such letter of credit was issued), and (c) the name and address of each person who has a power of attorney to act on behalf of the Company. The
Company has heretofore delivered to the Buyer true, correct and complete copies of each letter of credit and each power of attorney described in Schedule 4.21. 
 4.22 Customers and Suppliers. 
 (a) The Company has no revenues
since inception. 
 (b) Schedule 4.22(b) sets forth a list of all suppliers to whom the Company made payments aggregating
$1,000 or more during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, or expects to aggregate $10,000 or more during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2012, showing, with respect to each, the name, address and dollar volume involved.

 4.23 Accuracy of Information Furnished by the Company; Full Disclosure. No written representation, statement or
information made or furnished by the Company to the Buyer, including without limitation, those contained in this Agreement and the various attachments hereto, including the Schedules, and the other information and statements previously furnished by
the Company to the Buyer, contains or shall contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omits or shall omit any material fact necessary to make the information contained therein in light of circumstances in which they were made, not
misleading. Except as contemplated by or disclosed in the Schedules, there is no fact or circumstance known to the Company that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. The Company makes no other representation or
warranties other than as expressly set forth in this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements. 

  
 27 

 ARTICLE V 
 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS 
 As a
material inducement to the Buyer and the Merger Sub to enter into this Agreement, each Principal Stockholder, individually with respect to himself, herself or itself only, hereby represents and warrants to the Buyer and the Merger Sub that, as of
the date hereof and as of the Closing Date: 
 5.1 Organization and Power. With respect to each Principal Stockholder
that is a legal entity, such Principal Stockholder is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Legal Requirements of the jurisdiction of its organization or formation, and has full power and authority to execute and deliver
this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which such Principal Stockholder is a party and to perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder and consummate the Transaction. 

5.2 Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance by such Principal Stockholder of this Agreement and the Ancillary
Agreements to which such Principal Stockholder is a party and the consummation of the Transaction have been duly and validly authorized by all requisite action on the part of such Principal Stockholder, and no approval or other proceedings on his,
her or its part are necessary to authorize the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement and such Ancillary Agreements. Such Principal Stockholder has the full power to sell, exchange, assign, transfer and deliver its shares of Company
Stock to the Buyer or the Surviving Corporation, as the case may be, free and clear of all Liens. This Agreement has, been duly executed and delivered by such Principal Stockholder, and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of such
Principal Stockholder enforceable against such Principal Stockholder in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability hereof or thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting
creditors’ rights generally and limitations on the availability of equitable remedies. As of the Closing, the Ancillary Agreements to which such Principal Stockholder is a party will have been duly executed and delivered by such Principal
Stockholder, and will constitute a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Principal Stockholder enforceable against such Principal Stockholder in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability hereof or thereof may be limited by
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other Legal Requirements affecting creditors’ rights generally and limitations on the availability of equitable remedies. 

5.3 Absence of Conflicts. Neither the execution and delivery by such Principal Stockholder of this Agreement and the Ancillary
Agreements to which such Principal Stockholder is a party nor the performance by such Principal Stockholder of its obligations hereunder and thereunder in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements will not (with or
without the giving of notice or the lapse of time, or both): 
 (a) contravene, conflict with or result in a violation or breach
of any of the terms, conditions or provisions of the charter, bylaws, partnership agreement or similar organizational documents of such Principal Stockholder, if applicable; 
 (b) contravene, conflict with or result in a material violation or breach of, or give any Governmental Authority or other Person the right to challenge the Transaction under, any Legal Requirement
applicable to such Principal Stockholder or any of such Principal Stockholder’s assets or properties, or require any consent or approval of or any notice or filing with any Governmental Authority or other Person; or 

(c) contravene, conflict with or result in a material breach or default under, or give rise to any right of acceleration or termination
of, any of the terms, conditions or provisions of any note, bond, lease, license, contract or other instrument or obligation to which such Principal Stockholder is a party or by which any of such Principal Stockholder’s assets or properties is
bound. 

  
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 5.4 Title. As of the Closing, such Principal Stockholder is the sole record and
beneficial owner of the Company Stock set forth opposite such Principal Stockholder’s name on Schedule 4.3 hereto. Except as set forth on Schedule 5.4, such Principal Stockholder is not a party to any voting trust, proxy or other
contract or understanding between or among any Persons that affects or relates to the voting or giving of written consent with respect to any outstanding security of the Company. 

5.5 Litigation. There is no Proceeding at law or in equity pending or, to the Knowledge of such Principal Stockholder, threatened
in writing against, and there is no outstanding Order applicable to, such Principal Stockholder or the Company that seeks to restrain, enjoin, prevent or prohibit the consummation of any part of the Transaction. 

5.6 Investment Representations. 
 (a) Such Principal Stockholder is an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D under the 1933 Act or such Principal Stockholder either alone or with his purchaser
representative has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that he is capable of evaluating the merits and risks involved in acquiring shares of Buyer Common Stock in connection with the Merger. Such Principal
Stockholder either alone or with his purchaser representative has sufficient knowledge and experience in investing in companies similar to the Buyer so as to be able to evaluate the risks and merits of an investment in Buyer Common Stock. Such
Principal Stockholder is able to financially bear the risks of loss of its entire investment in Buyer Common Stock issuable hereunder. 
 (b) Such Principal Stockholder has carefully read this Agreement and the Information Statement provided in connection herewith, including all exhibits and appendices hereto and thereto. The Buyer has made
available to such Principal Stockholder and/or its attorney all documents and materials that it or they have requested relating to an investment in the Buyer and has provided answers to all of its or their questions concerning an investment in the
Company and such Principal Stockholder has carefully reviewed all such documents and materials. In evaluating the suitability of an investment in the Buyer, such Principal Stockholder has not relied upon any representations or other information
(whether oral or written) other than set forth in the Information Statement provided in connection herewith. 
 (c) Such
Principal Stockholder is acquiring the shares of Buyer Common Stock for his or her own account as principal, and not as nominee or agent, for investment purposes and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof except
for any distribution in compliance with the registration provisions of the 1933 Act. 
 (d) Such Principal Stockholder
understands that the shares of Buyer Common Stock being issued in connection with the Merger are “restricted” under applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws inasmuch as they are being acquired from the Buyer in a transaction not
involving a public offering and that, pursuant to these laws and applicable regulations, the Principal Stockholder must hold the shares of Buyer Common Stock indefinitely unless they are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
“SEC”), and qualified by state authorities, or an exemption from such registration and qualification requirements is available. Such Principal Stockholder further acknowledges that if an exemption from registration or
qualification is available, it may be conditioned on various requirements including the timing and 

  
 29 

 
manner of sale, the holding period for the share of Buyer Common Stock, and on requirements relating to the Buyer which are outside of the Principal Stockholder’s control, and which the
Buyer is under no obligation and may not be able to satisfy. In this connection, such Principal Stockholder represents that it is familiar with Rule 144 promulgated under the 1933 Act, as presently in effect, and understands the resale limitations
imposed thereby and by the 1933 Act 
 (e) Such Principal Stockholder understands that the representations and warranties
contained in this Section 5.6 are given with the intention that Buyer may rely thereon for purposes of claiming such exemptions. 
 ARTICLE VI 
 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE BUYER AND MERGER SUB

 As a material inducement to the Company and the Principal Stockholders to enter into this Agreement, the Buyer and the
Merger Sub hereby represent and warrant to the Company and the Principal Stockholders that as of the date hereof and as of the Effective Time: 
 6.1 Organization and Power. Each of the Buyer and the Merger Sub is a corporation validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with full power and authority to
enter into this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which it is a party and to perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder. 
 6.2 Authorization of Transaction. Each of the Buyer and the Merger Sub has full power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which it is a party and to
consummate the Transaction. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which the Buyer or the Merger Sub is a party and the consummation of the Transaction have been duly and validly authorized and
approved by all requisite action on the part of the Buyer and the Merger Sub and no other proceedings (corporate or otherwise) on the part of the Buyer or the Merger Sub are necessary to approve and authorize the execution and delivery of this
Agreement and the consummation of the Transaction. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Buyer and the Merger Sub and constitutes the valid and binding agreement of the Buyer and the Merger Sub enforceable against them in
accordance with its terms, except as enforceability hereof or thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other Legal Requirements affecting creditors’ rights generally and limitations on the availability of
equitable remedies. As of the Closing, the Ancillary Agreements to which the Buyer or the Merger Sub is a party will have been duly executed and delivered by such Person, and will constitute a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Person
enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability hereof or thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other Legal Requirements affecting creditors’ rights generally and
limitations on the availability of equitable remedies. 
 6.3 Absence of Conflicts. Neither the execution and delivery of
this Agreement nor the consummation or performance of the Transaction, will (with or without notice or lapse of time), (a) contravene, conflict with, or result in a violation of any provision of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws or
comparable organizational documents of the Buyer or the Merger Sub; (b) materially contravene, conflict with, or result in a material violation of, or give any Governmental Authority or other Person the right to challenge the Transaction under,
any Legal 

  
 30 

 
Requirement to which the Buyer, the Merger Sub or any of their Subsidiaries may be subject; and (c) materially contravene, conflict with, or result in a material violation of any of the
terms or requirements of, or give any Governmental Authority the right to revoke, withdraw, suspend, cancel, terminate or modify, any License that is held by the Buyer, the Merger Sub or any of their Subsidiaries. 

6.4 Litigation. As of the date hereof, there are no Proceedings pending or, to the Knowledge of the Buyer, threatened against or
affecting the Buyer at law or in equity, or before or by any Governmental Authority, which would materially affect the performance of the Buyer or the Merger Sub or their obligations under this Agreement or the Ancillary Agreements to which the
Buyer or the Merger Sub is a party or the consummation of the Transaction. 
 6.5 Brokers’ Fees. No agent, broker,
finder, investment banker or other Person, acting on behalf of the Buyer or any of its Affiliates, is or will be entitled to any fee, commission or other payment from the Buyer or any of its Affiliates in connection with this Agreement or the
Transaction. 
 6.6 SEC Reports; Financial Statements. The Buyer has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and
other documents required to be filed by the Buyer under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof since December 31, 2009 (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and
documents incorporated by reference therein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to
the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed,
contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading. The Buyer has never been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Buyer included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the
rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the
notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Buyer as of and for the dates thereof and the results of
operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments. 
 6.7 Absence of Certain Developments. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, since September 30, 2011 through the date hereof, there has occurred no change which, individually or in the
aggregate, has resulted in a material adverse change of the Buyer. 

  
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 ARTICLE VII 
 TAX MATTERS COVENANTS 
 7.1 Stockholders Tax Indemnification.
Notwithstanding Article IX hereto, each of the Principal Stockholders shall, jointly and severally, indemnify and defend the Buyer Indemnitees and hold them harmless from and against (without duplication) any Losses attributable to (i) all
Taxes (or the non-payment thereof) of the Company for all Taxable periods ending on or before the Closing Date and the portion through the Tax Effective Time of any Taxable period that includes (but does not end on) the Closing Date
(“Pre-Closing Tax Period”), (ii) all Taxes of any member of an Affiliated Group of which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (or any predecessor of any of the foregoing) is or was a member on or prior to the Closing
Date, including pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 or any analogous or similar state, local, or non-United States law or regulation, and (iii) any and all Taxes of any Person (other than the Company) imposed on the Company as
a transferee or successor, by contract or pursuant to any law, rule or regulation, which Taxes relate to an event or transaction occurring on or before the Closing Date. 
 7.2 Closing of Taxable Period. The Stockholders and the Buyer shall, to the extent permitted by applicable Legal Requirements, elect with the relevant Governmental Authorities to close the Taxable
period of the Company at 11:59 p.m. on the Closing Date. In the case of any Taxable period that includes (but does not end on) the Closing Date (a “Straddle Period”), the amount of any Taxes based on or measured by income or
receipts of the Company and the amount of any sales, use, employment or withholding Taxes of the Company shall be determined based on an interim closing of the books as of 11:59 p.m. on the Closing Date (the “Tax Effective
Time”) (and for such purpose, the Taxable period of any partnership or other pass-through entity in which the Company holds a beneficial interest shall be deemed to terminate at such time) and the amount of other Taxes of the Company
for a Straddle Period that relate to the Pre-Closing Tax Period shall be deemed to be the amount of such Tax for the entire Taxable period multiplied by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of days in the Taxable period ending on and
including the Closing Date and the denominator of which is the number of days in such Straddle Period. 
 7.3 Responsibility
for Filing Tax Returns. The Buyer shall prepare or cause to be prepared and file or cause to be filed all Tax Returns of the Company that are due after the Closing Date. Any expenses incurred by the Buyer in preparation of said Tax Returns shall
be borne by the Principal Stockholders and that number of shares of Buyer Common Stock equal to such expenses (calculated using the closing price of the Buyer Common Stock on the Business Day immediately preceding the date such payment is to be made
to the Buyer) shall be deducted from the Escrow Shares as an adjustment to the Merger Consideration. The Buyer and the Stockholders’ Representative shall consult and cooperate as to any elections to be made on Tax Returns of the Company for
periods ending on or before 11:59 p.m. on the Closing Date. 
 7.4 Cooperation on Tax Matters. 

(a) The Buyer and the Company, on the one hand, and the Principal Stockholders, on the other hand, shall cooperate fully, as and to the
extent reasonably requested by the other Party, in connection with the filing of Tax Returns pursuant to this Article VII and any Tax Contest. The Company and each Principal Stockholder agree (A) to retain all books and records with respect to
Tax matters pertinent to the Company relating to any taxable period beginning before the Closing Date until the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations (and, to the extent notified by the Buyer or the Principal Stockholders, any
extensions thereof) of the respective Taxable periods, and to abide by all record retention agreements entered into with any taxing authority, and (B) to give the other Parties reasonable written notice prior to

  
 32 

 
transferring, destroying or discarding any such books and records and, if the other Party so requests, the Company or such Principal Stockholder, as the case may be, shall allow the other Party
to take possession of such books and records. 
 (b) The Buyer and each Principal Stockholder further agree, upon request, to
use reasonable efforts to obtain any certificate or other document from any Governmental Authority or any other Person as may be necessary to mitigate, reduce or eliminate any Tax that could be imposed (including, but not limited to, with respect to
the Transaction contemplated by this Agreement), and to provide the other Party with all information that either Party may be required to report pursuant to Section 6043 of the Code, Section 6043A of the Code, and all Treasury Regulations
promulgated thereunder. 
 7.5 Tax Contests. The Buyer shall control any Tax Contest, including determining actions taken
to pay, dispute, compromise or settle such Taxes, and the Stockholders’ Representative shall have the right to participate in such Tax Contest to the extent the proceedings relate to any matter which may give rise to an indemnification payment
by the Principal Stockholders under this Article VII, or to the extent the proceedings may materially adversely affect the Principal Stockholders’ Liability for Taxes relating to the Company; provided, however, neither the Buyer
nor the Company, may compromise or settle any such Tax Contest in a manner that would reasonably be expected to adversely affect a Principal Stockholder with respect to any Taxable period for which such Principal Stockholder is responsible pursuant
to this Article VII, without the prior written consent of such Principal Stockholder (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). Any consent required under this Article VII to be given by a Principal Stockholder may
be given by the Stockholders’ Representative, and if given, shall be binding on such Principal Stockholder. In any Tax Contest where a Principal Stockholder elects to participate, each Party shall bear its own costs for participating in such
Tax Contest, and all Parties shall cooperate in good faith before any final resolution is reached. 
 7.6 Transfer Taxes.
All transfer, documentary, sales, use, stamp, registration and other similar Taxes, and all conveyance fees, recording charges and other fees and charges (including any penalties and interest) incurred in connection with the consummation of the
Transaction shall be paid one-half by the Buyer and one-half by the Stockholders. 
 ARTICLE VIII 

EMPLOYMENT MATTERS AND OTHER COVENANTS 
 8.1 New Employment Arrangements. The Company shall cause each employment agreement or other arrangement listed on Schedule 4.15(a) to be terminated at or prior to the Effective Time, and the
Company shall offer to the employees listed on Schedule 8.1 attached hereto (each a “Key Employee,” and collectively, the “Key Employees”) employment by the Buyer, each pursuant to an employment
agreement in form and substance mutually agreed to by the Buyer and such Key Employee (each a “Key Employee Employment Agreement”). Each employee of the Company who remains an employee of Buyer or the Surviving Corporation
after the Closing Date, including the Key Employees, shall be referred to hereafter as a “Continuing Employee.” Continuing Employees shall be eligible to receive benefits consistent with Buyer’s applicable human
resources policies. Continuing Employees shall execute any standard agreements required to be executed by Buyer’s employees. 

  
 33 

 8.2 COBRA Coverage. Upon and at all times after the Effective Time, the Surviving
Corporation and Buyer shall be solely responsible for providing, and shall assume the obligation to provide, COBRA Coverage with respect to any employees of the Company or other Persons who will be entitled to COBRA Coverage, as a result of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement or otherwise, as required by COBRA and other applicable laws. 
 8.3 Appointment
of Directors. Effective as of the Effective Time, the Buyer shall cause Christopher Clement to be appointed as a member of the Board of Directors of the Buyer, in addition to his appointment as Chief Operating Officer of the Buyer. Following the
Effective Time, the Buyer shall also cause to be appointed as a member of the Board of Directors of the Buyer an individual designated by the Stockholders’ Representative, subject to the approval of the Board of Directors of the Buyer (which
approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), who satisfies the requirements for an independent director under applicable federal securities laws and the applicable rules of any national securities exchange upon which the Buyer Common
Stock is listed. 
 ARTICLE IX 
 SURVIVAL, INDEMNIFICATION AND RELATED MATTERS 
 9.1 Survival. Except
as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements of the Company, the Principal Stockholders, and the Stockholders in this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements, and the rights of the
Parties to seek indemnification with respect thereto, shall survive the Closing for eighteen (18) months following the Closing Date, except for the representations, warranties and indemnity obligations contained in Sections 4.1 (Organization
and Corporate Power), 4.2 (Authorization of Transaction), 4.3 (Capitalization), 4.13 (Brokerage), and Article VII (Tax Matters Covenants), which shall survive for thirty (30) days past the applicable statute of limitations (taking into account
any extensions); and except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement no claim for any Losses may be brought on account of any of the foregoing beyond the applicable survival period. The sections enumerated in the preceding sentence shall
be referred to herein collectively as the “Designated Representations.” Notwithstanding the foregoing, any claims asserted in good faith and with reasonable specificity (to the extent known at such time) and in writing by
notice from any Buyer Indemnitee prior to the expiration date of the applicable survival period shall not thereafter be barred by the expiration of such survival period and such claims shall survive until finally resolved. In any such case, such
representation, warranty, covenant or agreement shall survive, only for the purposes of claims for indemnity related to such event and not for the purposes of claims for indemnity related to any other event, until any claim for indemnity related to
such event is resolved. 
 9.2 Indemnification. 
 (a) Indemnity Obligation of the Principal Stockholders. 

(i) Subject to the terms and conditions contained in this Article IX, each of the Principal Stockholders, jointly and
severally, shall indemnify, defend 

  
 34 

 
and hold harmless the Buyer, the Company, any other Affiliate of the Buyer and their respective Representatives (collectively, the “Buyer Indemnitees”)from and against,
and pay to the Company and, if appropriate, the other Buyer Indemnitees, any loss, deficiency, damage, Liability, claim, action, obligation, cost, Tax, expense or other charge (including interest, penalties, reasonable legal, accounting, consultant
and expert fees and expenses) (each, a “Loss” and collectively “Losses”), which the Company or the other Buyer Indemnitees may suffer, sustain or become subject to: 

(A) as a result of the breach by the Company of any representation or warranty made by the Company in this Agreement or
any Ancillary Agreement; 
 (B) as a result of the breach by the Company of any covenant or other agreement made
by the Company in this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement; 
 (C) in respect of Taxes in accordance with
Article VII; 
 (D) as a result of any Third Party Proceeding arising out of or relating to the Company prior to
the Closing, whether or not disclosed on any Schedule; 
 (E) as a result of any Third Party Proceeding arising
out of or relating to any Actions by Stockholders in connection with or arising from the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein; 
 (F) as a result of any Third Party Proceeding arising out of or relating to any prior discussions, letters of intent or agreements entered into prior to the Closing concerning the acquisition of the
Company or any capital stock of the Company, whether or not disclosed on any Schedule; 
 (G) relating to any
Existing Indebtedness as of the Closing Date that is not paid at Closing; and 
 (H) arising from or otherwise
relating to any Stockholders’ Transaction Expenses, whenever arising or submitted to the Company. 
 (ii)
Subject to the terms and conditions contained in this Article IX, each Principal Stockholder (as to himself, herself or itself only) shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Buyer Indemnitees from and against, and pay to the Buyer
Indemnitees, any Loss that any Buyer Indemnitee may suffer, sustain or become subject to arising from, relating to or otherwise in respect of any breach by such Principal Stockholder of: (A) any representation or warranty made by such Principal
Stockholder in Article V or any Ancillary Agreement, or (B) the covenants or other agreements made by the Principal Stockholders in this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement. 

  
 35 

 (b) [Intentionally Omitted]. 

(c) Procedure. 
 (i) If any Buyer Indemnitee seeks indemnification under this Section 9.2, such party (the “Indemnified Party”) shall give written notice to the party or parties from whom or
which such Indemnified Party is seeking indemnification under this Agreement (the “Indemnifying Party”) of the facts and circumstances giving rise to the claim, which shall mean notice to the Stockholders’
Representative. In that regard, if any Proceeding shall be brought or asserted in writing by any third party (“Third Party Proceeding”) for which an Indemnified Party may seek indemnification pursuant to this
Section 9.2, the Indemnified Party shall promptly notify the Indemnifying Party of the same in writing, specifying in reasonable detail (if known) the basis of such claim and the facts pertaining thereto, and the Indemnifying Party, if it so
elects by written notice to the Indemnified Party prior to the expiration of the Dispute Period, shall assume and control the defense thereof (and shall consult with the Indemnified Party with respect thereto), including the employment of counsel
reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party and the payment of expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the failure of an Indemnified Party to give any notice contemplated by this Section 9.2(c)(i) will not affect the rights or obligations
of any party hereunder except and only to the extent that, as a result of such failure, the Indemnifying Party’s ability to remedy, contest, defend or settle with respect to such Third Party Proceeding is actually prejudiced thereby.

 (ii) If the Indemnifying Party elects to assume and control the defense, prior to the expiration of the
Dispute Period as provided in Section 9.2(c)(i) above, the Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ counsel separate from counsel employed by the Indemnifying Party in any such Proceeding and to participate in the defense thereof, but
the fees and expenses of such counsel employed by the Indemnified Party shall be at the expense of the Indemnified Party, unless (A) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Indemnifying Party in writing, (B) there
exists a conflict of interest between the interests of the Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party, or (C) the Indemnifying Party has failed to assume the defense and employ counsel. The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any
settlement of any Third Party Proceeding that is effected without the written consent of the Indemnifying Party. 

(iii) If the Indemnifying Party notifies the Indemnified Party that it does not dispute the claim described in notice
contemplated by Section 9.2(c)(i) or fails to notify the Indemnified Party within the Dispute Period whether the Indemnifying Party disputes the claim described in such notice, the Loss in the amount specified in the notice will be conclusively
deemed a Liability of the Indemnifying Party under Section 9.2(a) and the Indemnifying Party shall pay the amount of such Loss (subject to the provisions of this Article IX) to the Indemnified Party on demand. 

(d) [Intentionally Omitted]. 

  
 36 

 (e) Limitations. The following provisions shall apply notwithstanding any other
provision contained in this Article IX: 
 (i) Except in respect of any Loss in connection with claims arising
from fraud willful misconduct or intentional breach of covenants or other agreements herein by the Stockholders, the Principal Stockholders or the Company in connection with the Transaction or a breach of a Designated Representation, the aggregate
Liability for indemnification pursuant to Sections 9.2(a)(i)(A) shall not exceed the Cap Amount. 
 (ii) Except
in respect of any Loss in connection with claims arising from fraud willful misconduct or intentional breach of covenants or other agreements herein by the Stockholders, the Principal Stockholders or the Company or a breach of a Designated
Representation, in no event shall any Party be liable pursuant to Sections 9.2(a)(i)(A) or 9.2(a)(ii)(A) unless and until the aggregate amount of all such Losses exceeds $75,000 (the “Basket”), after which point the
Principal Stockholders, as applicable, shall be liable for the amount of all such Losses. 
 (iii) Losses
attributable to Taxes shall be resolved in accordance with Article VII. 
 (f) Materiality/Knowledge. Each of the
representations and warranties that contains any “Material Adverse Change,” “in all material respects,” or other materiality (or correlative meaning) qualification shall be deemed to have been given as though there were no such
qualification for purposes of determining the amount of Losses under this Article IX, but not for purposes of determining the accuracy of any representation or warranty. Each of the representations and warranties that contains any
“Knowledge”, “to the knowledge of” or other knowledge (or correlative meaning) qualification shall be deemed to have been given as though there were no such qualification for purposes of determining whether a breach of such
representation or warranty has occurred. 
 (g) Exclusive Remedies. Except for injunctive action or other equitable
remedies, or fraud or willful misconduct, the remedies provided in this Article IX shall be exclusive remedies of the Parties after the Closing in respect of any matter arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement.

 9.3 Escrow; Satisfaction of Losses. 
 (a) Distributions Related to Escrow Shares. The Escrow Shares shall be used to satisfy pursuant to Section 9.3(b) any Losses of any Buyer Indemnitee for which an Indemnified Party delivers an
indemnification notice under Section 9.2(c) to the Stockholders’ Representative on or prior to the date that is eighteen (18) months immediately following the Closing Date. On the date that is eighteen (18) months
immediately following the Closing Date, the Buyer and Stockholders’ Representative shall cause the Escrow Agent to deliver to the Stockholders’ Representative, on behalf of the Principal Stockholders, an amount equal to (i) the Escrow
Shares, minus (ii) any and all amounts satisfied by Buyer by set-off of the Escrow Shares for satisfaction of Losses pursuant to Section 9.3(b), minus (iii) if any indemnification claim for

  
 37 

 
Losses of any Buyer Indemnitee contained in any indemnification notice delivered pursuant to Section 9.1(c) prior to the date that is eighteen (18) months immediately following the
Closing Date is not finally resolved, an amount equal to Buyer’s good faith estimate of the cumulative amount of all Losses disputed in any such claims as of such time (the “Pending Claim Escrow Amount”). The Pending
Claim Escrow Amount shall be held as security and used by Buyer to satisfy any such disputed claims on a dollar for dollar basis. If it is finally determined pursuant to Section 9.2(c) that no Buyer Indemnitee is entitled to any portion of the
Pending Claim Escrow Amount or any portion of the Pending Claim Escrow Amount is not used to set-off against any such pending claims (the “Pending Claim Escrow Excess”), the Pending Claim Escrow Excess shall be delivered to
the Stockholders’ Representative, on behalf of the Principal Stockholders. The Stockholders’ Representative shall distribute amongst the Principal Stockholders any and all payments of the Escrow Shares received by the Stockholders’
Representative to the Principal Stockholders pro rata, based upon the percentages used to calculate the number of shares of each Principal Stockholder’s Closing Date Merger Consideration Shares that were deposited in the Escrow Fund; provided,
if any amounts are set-off against the Escrow Shares or the Pending Claim Escrow Amount for any Buyer Indemnitee Losses under Section 9.2(a)(ii) or any breach of any representation, warranty or covenant contained in a Letter of Transmittal, the
Stockholders’ Representative shall reduce the amounts that would otherwise be payable from the Escrow Shares to the Principal Stockholder whose breach created such indemnification payment (it being the intent of the Parties, as between the
Stockholders, that such Principal Stockholder should pay all amounts arising from such Principal Stockholder’s breach). 

(b) Satisfaction of Buyer Indemnitees Losses; Set-Off of Escrow Shares and Contingent Merger Consideration Shares. Except with
respect to the indemnity obligations contained in Article VII, any indemnification obligations owed to the Buyer Indemnitees shall be satisfied first by set-off against the Escrow Shares or the Pending Claim Escrow Amount, as applicable, by reducing
the Escrow Shares or the Pending Claim Escrow Amount, as applicable, on a dollar for dollar basis by the amount of such indemnification obligations, unless or until the Escrow Shares, or Pending Claim Escrow Amount, if applicable, has been reduced
to zero. The value of the Escrow Shares for all purposes under this Article IX, shall be calculated using the closing price of the Buyer Common Stock on the Business Day immediately preceding the date on which such set-off or reduction is to occur.
Once the Escrow Shares and the Pending Claim Escrow Amount has been reduced to zero, any remaining indemnification owing to a Buyer Indemnitee by any Principal Stockholder pursuant to this Article IX shall be effected within fifteen
(15) Business Days after the determination thereof by wire transfer of immediately available funds from such Principal Stockholder to an account designated in writing by the applicable Buyer Indemnitee. Notwithstanding anything else contained
herein, the Buyer shall have the right, but not the obligation, to satisfy any Buyer Indemnitee Losses by set-off against the Contingent Merger Consideration Shares to which the Principal Stockholders are entitled pursuant to Article II hereof on a
dollar for dollar basis. The value of the Contingent Merger Consideration Shares for all purposes under this Article IX, shall be calculated using the closing price of the Buyer Common Stock on the Business Day immediately preceding the date on
which such set-off is to occur. 

  
 38 

 ARTICLE X 
 ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS 
 10.1 Press Releases and Announcements. No
press releases or other announcements to the employees, customers or suppliers of the Company related to this Agreement, any Ancillary Agreement or the Transaction shall be issued without the mutual approval of the Buyer and the Stockholders’
Representative; provided, however, that the Buyer may issue a press release after the stock market closes or before the stock market opens on the Closing Date. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement to the contrary,
nothing herein or in any Ancillary Agreement shall prohibit the Buyer from making any filings with or disclosures to any third party and/or any Governmental Authority (including any national securities exchange) with respect to this Agreement, any
Ancillary Agreement or the Transaction, as may be required by applicable Legal Requirements or by obligations pursuant to any listing agreement with or rules of any national securities exchange. 

10.2 Further Assurances. The Parties hereto each agree to execute such other documents or agreements or do such other acts as may
be reasonably necessary or desirable for the implementation of this Agreement and the consummation of the Transaction. In addition, the Buyer agrees to cooperate reasonably with the Stockholders’ Representative, at Stockholders’
Representatives expense, to the extent the Stockholders’ Representative requests access to documents, employees or data in the event that the Stockholders become the subject of an audit or investigation by a Governmental Authority. From time to
time, as and when requested by a party hereto, each party hereto shall execute and deliver, or cause to be executed and delivered, all such documents and instruments, and shall take, or cause to be taken, all such further or other actions, as such
other party may reasonably deem necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The Principal Stockholders agree, for a period of two (2) years after the Closing Date, upon the request of the Buyer, to assist the
Buyer in compiling historical information of the Company (including the compilation of financial information or otherwise) and to comply with any financial reporting obligations imposed by applicable legal requirements, including the provision of
audited financial statements for the calendar year ended December 31, 2011 in accordance with GAAP. 
 10.3
Expenses. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Buyer and the Merger Sub on the one hand and the Company and the Stockholders on the other hand will pay all of their own fees, costs and expenses (including fees, costs and expenses of legal
counsel, investment bankers, brokers or other representatives and consultants and appraisal fees, costs and expenses) incurred in connection with the negotiation of this Agreement, the performance of their obligations hereunder and the consummation
of the Transaction. 
 10.4 Stockholders’ Representative. Each Principal Stockholder hereby irrevocably constitutes
and appoints Christopher Clement (the “Stockholders’ Representative”), as such Principal Stockholder’s agent and attorney-in-fact, with full power and authority to act, including full power of substitution, in his,
her or its name and on his, her or its behalf with respect to all matters arising from or in any way relating to this Agreement and any other agreement entered into in connection with this Agreement (including the Ancillary Agreements) or the
Transaction, including to do all things and to perform all acts required or deemed advisable, in its sole discretion, in connection with the Transaction as fully as such Principal Stockholder could if then personally present and acting alone.
Without limitation, (i) any communication or other delivery 

  
 39 

 
validly delivered to the Stockholders’ Representative shall be deemed to have been validly delivered to each Principal Stockholder, (ii) any consent given or waiver of any provision of
this Agreement or any other agreement entered into in connection with this Agreement, by the Stockholders’ Representative shall be binding upon each and every Principal Stockholder, and (iii) except as otherwise provided in
Section 11.1, the Stockholders’ Representative is hereby authorized to execute for and on behalf of each Principal Stockholder any amendment to this Agreement or any other agreement entered into in connection with this Agreement. This
appointment of agency and this power of attorney is coupled with an interest and shall be irrevocable and shall not be terminated by any Principal Stockholder or by operation of law. Neither the Stockholders’ Representative nor any agent
employed by it shall incur any Liability to any Principal Stockholder by virtue of the failure or refusal of the Stockholders’ Representative for any reason to consummate the Transaction or relating to the performance of its other duties
hereunder or any of its omissions or actions with respect thereto. The Principal Stockholders, jointly and severally, agree to indemnify the Stockholders’ Representative, his successors, assigns, agents, attorneys and affiliates (the
“Stockholders’ Representative Parties”) and to hold the Stockholders’ Representative Parties harmless against any and all losses, Liabilities or expenses incurred without bad faith on the part of the
Stockholders’ Representative and arising out of or in connection with his duties as Stockholders’ Representative, including the reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Stockholders’ Representative in defending against any claim
or Liability in connection herewith. 
 ARTICLE XI 
 MISCELLANEOUS 
 11.1 Amendment. This Agreement may be amended or
modified in whole or in part at any time by an agreement in writing among the Company, the Buyer, the Merger Sub and the Stockholders’ Representative; provided, however, that any amendment which adversely and disproportionately
affects a particular Principal Stockholder relative to the other Principal Stockholders shall also require the written approval of such Principal Stockholder. 
 11.2 Waiver. Any term or provision of this Agreement may be waived in writing at any time by the Buyer, the Company, the Merger Sub and the Stockholders’ Representative; provided,
however, that any waiver which adversely and disproportionately affects a particular Principal Stockholder relative to the other Principal Stockholders, shall also require the written approval of such Principal Stockholder. Any waiver
effected pursuant to this Section 11.2 shall be binding. No failure to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right, power or privilege shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, power or
privilege preclude the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. No waiver of any breach of any covenant or agreement hereunder shall be deemed a waiver of a preceding or subsequent breach of the same or any other covenant or agreement.

 11.3 Notices. All notices, requests, demands, claims and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall
be deemed duly given (a) on the date of delivery when personally delivered, (b) one (1) Business Day after being sent by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid), or (c) on the date of the next Business Day following
the date indicated on the return receipt if delivered by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested). Such notices, demands and other communication shall be sent to the intended recipient at the following address:

 if to Buyer or Merger Sub 
 DARA BioSciences, Inc. 
 8601 Six Forks Road 

Suite 160 

Raleigh, NC 27615 
 Attention: Chief Executive Officer 

  
 40 

 with a copy to: 
 Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice LLP 
 271 17th Street, N.W., Suite 2400

 Atlanta, Georgia 30363 
 Attention: G. Donald Johnson 
 if to the Company 

Oncogenerix, Inc. 
 3069 Pionalelli Crescent 
 Mount Pleasant, South Carolina 29466 

Attention: Christopher Clement 
 with a copy to: 
 Gracin & Marlow, LLP 

Chrysler Building 
 405 Lexington Avenue, 26th Floor 
 New York, New York 10174 

Attention: Hank Gracin, Esq and Leslie Marlow, Esq 
 or to such other address or to the attention of such other Person as the recipient Party has specified by prior written notice to the sending Party. 

11.4 Binding Agreement; Assignment. This Agreement and all the provisions hereof will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of
the Parties and their respective successors, heirs, beneficiaries, representatives and permitted assigns; provided, however, that neither this Agreement nor any of the rights, interests or obligations hereunder may be assigned
(i) by the Company without the prior written consent of the Buyer; (ii) by any Principal Stockholder without the prior written consent of the Company and the Buyer; or (iii) by the Buyer without the prior written consent of the
Company, except that upon written notice to the Company and the Stockholders’ Representative, the Buyer may (A) make a collateral assignment of its rights hereunder to any lender to the Buyer or any of its Affiliates or (B) assign its
rights and obligations hereunder to one or more of its wholly-owned Affiliates so long as the Buyer remains liable for all of its obligations under this Agreement. 
 11.5 Severability. Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement will be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement
is held to be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law and if the rights or obligations of any Party hereto under this Agreement will not be materially and adversely affected thereby, (a) such provision will be fully severable,
(b) this Agreement will be construed 

  
 41 

 
and enforced as if such illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision had never comprised a part hereof, and (c) the remaining provisions of this Agreement will remain in full force and effect
and will not be affected by the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision or by its severance here from. Upon such determination that any term or provision is illegal, invalid or incapable of being enforced, the Company, the Buyer and the
Stockholders’ Representative shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the Parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner so that the Transaction may be fulfilled to the extent
possible. 
 11.6 No Strict Construction. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language jointly
chosen by the Parties hereto to express their mutual intent, and no rule of strict construction will be applied against any Person. No provision of this Agreement will be interpreted in favor of, or against, either of the parties hereto by reason of
the extent to which either such Party or its counsel participated in the drafting thereof or by reason of the extent to which any such provision is inconsistent with any prior draft hereof or thereof. 

11.7 Captions. The captions used in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and do not constitute a part of this
Agreement and will not be deemed to limit, characterize or in any way affect any provision of this Agreement, and all provisions of this Agreement will be enforced and construed as if no captions had been used in this Agreement. 

11.8 Entire Agreement. This Agreement (including the Ancillary Agreements and the Exhibits and Schedules hereto and thereto) and
the Confidentiality Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, both oral and written, among the Parties with respect to the subject
matter hereof; provided that, this Agreement shall not supersede or in any way modify the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement, which agreement shall remain in full force and effect. 

11.9 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts (including by facsimile), each of which shall be
deemed an original but all of which taken together will constitute one and the same instrument. 
 11.10 Governing Law;
Venue. 
 (a) This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware,
without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of Delaware or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of Delaware.

 (b) Each of the Parties (i) consents to submit itself to the exclusive personal jurisdiction of the courts of the State
of Delaware, located in the County of New Castle, or the United States District Court for the District of Delaware (and appellate courts from any of the foregoing), in the event any dispute arises out of this Agreement or the Transaction,
(ii) agrees that it will not attempt to deny or defeat such personal jurisdiction by motion or other request for leave from any such court and (iii) agrees that any action relating to this Agreement or the Transaction shall be brought
exclusively in the courts of the State of Delaware, located in the County of New Castle, or the United States District Court for the District of Delaware (and appellate courts from any of the foregoing). 

  
 42 

 11.11 Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH OF THE BUYER, THE PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS, THE
STOCKHOLDERS’ REPRESENTATIVE, ON BEHALF OF THE STOCKHOLDERS, AND THE COMPANY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF OR
RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE ACTIONS OF THE BUYER OR THE COMPANY IN THE NEGOTIATION, ADMINISTRATION, PERFORMANCE AND ENFORCEMENT THEREOF. 
 11.12 Parties in Interest. This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties hereto and their permitted assigns and, except as provided under Article VII and Article IX, nothing herein express
or implied shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the Parties hereto and such permitted assigns, any legal or equitable rights hereunder. 
 11.13 Exhibits and Schedules. The Exhibits and Schedules constitute a part of this Agreement and are incorporated into this Agreement for all purposes. 

11.14 Certain Interpretive Matters and Definitions. Unless the context otherwise requires, (i) all references to Sections,
Articles or Schedules are to Sections, Articles or Schedules of or to this Agreement, (ii) each term defined in this Agreement has the meaning assigned to it, (iii) “or” is disjunctive but not necessarily exclusive,
(iv) words in the singular include the plural and vice versa, (v) words of any gender include each other gender; the terms “hereof,” “herein,” “hereby” and derivative or similar words refer to this entire
Agreement, (vi) each accounting term not otherwise defined herein has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP, (vii) the term “obligations” means all such matters of any nature, whether fixed or contingent, known or
unknown, or arising under contract, law, equity or otherwise, and (viii) the word “including” and similar terms following any statement will not be construed to limit the statement to matters listed after such word or term, whether or
not a phrase of nonlimitation such as “without limitation” is used. All references to “$” or dollar amounts will be to lawful currency of the United States of America. Any representation or warranty contained herein as to the
enforceability of a contract shall be subject to the effect of any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar Legal Requirement affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and to general equitable
principles (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law). 
 [Signature
Pages Follow] 

  
 43 

 SIGNATURE PAGES TO THE AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written. 

 

			
	BUYER:
	
	DARA BIOSCIENCES, INC.
		
	By:	 	 /s/ David J. Drutz

	Name:	 	David. J. Drutz, M.D.
	Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer
	
	MERGER SUB:
	
	ONCOGENERIX ACQUISITION CORPORATION
		
	By:	 	 /s/ David J. Drutz

	Name:	 	David. J. Drutz, M.D.
	Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer

 [SIGNATURES CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE] 

 [SIGNATURES CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS PAGE] 

 

			
	COMPANY:
	
	Oncogenerix, Inc.
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Christopher Clement

	Name:	 	Christopher Clement
	Title:	 	President and Chief Executive Officer
	
	PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS:
	
	 /s/ Christopher Clement

	CHRISTOPHER CLEMENT
	
	 /s/ David Benharris

	DAVID BENHARRIS
	
	 /s/ Michael Radomsky

	MICHAEL RADOMSKY
	
	STOCKHOLDERS’ REPRESENTATIVE:
	
	 /s/ Christopher Clement

	CHRISTOPHER CLEMENT

 [END OF SIGNATURE PAGES]

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