Document:

Exhibit 10.1

                              AMENDED AND RESTATED
                              EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

         THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") by and between
Rite Aid Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company "), and David R.
Jessick (the "Employee"), is entered into as of this 27th day of June, 2002 and
shall become effective at the close of business on June 27, 2002 (the "Effective
Date").

                                   WITNESSETH

         WHEREAS, the Company and the Employee are parties to the Employment
Agreement dated as of December 5, 1999 (the "Original Employment Agreement");
and

         WHEREAS, the Company wishes to provide for the continued services of
Employee, and the Employee wishes to continue to serve the Company on the terms
and conditions set forth in this Agreement; and

         WHEREAS, Employee and the Company deserve to settle fully all
employment related matters between them arising prior to the Effective Date
including, but not limited to, any differences that might have arisen under the
Original Employment Agreement based on Employee's change of position with the
Company;

         NOW, THEREFORE, as of the Effective Date, and except as otherwise
expressly set forth herein, the Original Employment Agreement is hereby amended
and restated as follows (with this Agreement superseding the Original Employment
Agreement from and after the Effective Date in its entirety):

         1. TERM. Subject to earlier termination in accordance with the
provisions of Section 4, the term of Employee's employment under this Agreement
(such period, commencing as of the Effective Date, being referred to herein as
the "Employment Period") shall end on February 26, 2005.

         2. POSITION AND DUTIES. As of the Effective Date, Employee hereby
resigns as Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer of
the Company and from all other offices and positions he holds with the Company
and its subsidiaries. During the Employment Period, the Employee shall continue
to be an employee of the Company, with such duties and responsibilities as may
from time to time be assigned to him by the Company's Chief Executive Officer
(or his or her designee) or the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board").
As an employee, Employee shall make himself available to provide services to the
Company and its subsidiaries from time to time on such project(s) relating to
the business, affairs and management of the Company as may be assigned to him.
The Company acknowledges that Employee will have other activities, obligations
and engagements that will command his time and attention, subject to the
provisions of Section 8 and the other provisions hereof. In no event shall the
period of services (which shall include travel time) required hereunder exceed
an average of six (6) hours per week calculated on a weekly basis. The duties of
Employee may be performed in Portland, Oregon (or such other place where
Employee principally resides) and Employee shall be provided with office space
in the Company's Portland, Oregon office, which shall include secretarial and
other support services.

<PAGE>

         3. COMPENSATION. (a) BASE SALARY. During the Employment Period, the
Company shall pay Employee an annual base salary ("Annual Base Salary") of
$150,000. The Annual Base Salary shall be payable in accordance with the
Company's regular payroll practice, as in effect from time to time (but in no
event less frequently than monthly).

             (b) INCENTIVE COMPENSATION. With respect to the 2003 fiscal year
only, Employee shall be entitled to participate on the same basis as other
executives in the bonus plan authorized by the Company's Board of Directors (the
"Board") on April 3, 2002. Employee's bonus level shall be based upon sixty
percent (60%) of Employee's current annualized Base Salary ($600,000 per year)
in effect on the day preceding the Effective Date even though the entire
$600,000 Base Salary for fiscal year 2003 will not be paid to Employee as a
result of this Agreement, and (ii) if bonuses under that plan are not earned,
the bonus payment, if any, to Employee shall be approved by the Board. Any
salary paid pursuant to section 3(a) of this Agreement shall not be taken into
account for purposes of determining the payment, if any, pursuant to this
subsection (b). Employee shall not be entitled to participate in such plan or
any successor thereto for any fiscal year after fiscal year 2003. In the event
the Company pays a performance or other bonus with respect to fiscal year 2003
in lieu of or in addition to the bonus under the plan, Employee shall not be
entitled to participate therein. Employee's death or disability shall not affect
or diminish any payment of the bonus which would otherwise be due and payable.

             (c ) CERTAIN OTHER BENEFITS During the Employment Period, except as
and to the extent otherwise provided herein, (i) the Company shall, subject to
the immediately succeeding sentence, continue to maintain Employee's term life
insurance on the Employee's life, in the face amount of $1,500,000 (in the form
currently provided) and (ii) Employee shall be entitled to participate in
employee discounts, Internet access arrangements and Company- sponsored health
benefits and health plans which will provide the same coverage and benefits
(which shall be continuous and uninterrupted) as those plans in which Executive
employees of the Company are generally able to participate, subject in the case
of health benefits and health plans to any generally applicable eligibility
requirements and the other generally applicable terms (including, but not
limited to contribution requirements) thereof, other than any requirements
relating to minimum hours worked or scheduled to work. The Employee agrees to
cooperate with the Company in maintaining such term life insurance, including
submitting to a physical examination if required to do so by the insurance
carrier. The beneficiary of each of the aforementioned policies shall be
designated by the Employee and if not so designated shall be his estate. In
addition, during the Employment Period, the Company shall promptly reimburse
Employee against receipts for (x) all necessary and reasonable business expenses
incurred by the Employee in connection with the discharge of his duties
hereunder, and (y) all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by Employee in the
course of meeting with Company directors and officers.

             (d) DEFERRED COMPENSATION. As of the first day of each month
through and including February 1, 2003, the Company shall continue to credit
Employee's account under the New Deferred Compensation Plan established under
the Original Employment Agreement with an amount equal to $10,000. The Employee
shall be fully vested at all times in his account balance under the New Deferred
Compensation Plan. In addition, Employee shall have the right to defer all or
any portion of the Annual Base Salary receivable after the Effective Date
hereunder pursuant to deferred compensation arrangements to be established in
good faith after the Effective Date.

                                       2
<PAGE>

             (e) EQUITY AWARDS. As of the Effective Date, Employee holds the
options ("Options") to purchase Company common stock and the shares of
restricted Company common stock ("Restricted Stock") set forth on Schedule I
hereto (collectively, the "Company Securities"). Except as otherwise provided
herein, the time vesting provisions applicable to the Options and the Restricted
Stock shall continue to apply after the Effective Date based solely upon the
lapse of time until such Options have vested and restrictions had lapsed in
full; provided, however, that upon a Change in Control (as defined in Appendix
A) all Options shall vest in full and all restrictions on the Restricted Stock
shall lapse in full. The exercise period of the Options shall not be shortened
by virtue of any provision of this Agreement or any termination of Employee's
status as an employee of the Company, and in all events, each Option shall
remain exercisable by Employee, his estate or successors for ten (10) years from
the date of its grant. To the extent Company has a withholding obligation with
respect to any vesting of Restricted Stock, Employee shall either pay such
amount to Company or make an election (if made within 5 business days of such
vesting or such longer period as is provided to all executive officers of the
Company)to receive a net amount of vested shares of Restricted Stock based on
cancellation of the number of shares equal to such withholding obligation
calculated at the fair market value of such shares as determined under the
relevant plan or, if not so determined, by the Board of Directors or
compensation committee in good faith. Except as expressly provided herein, the
terms and conditions of the Company Securities in effect immediately prior to
the Effective Date shall remain in full force and effect from and after the
Effective Date.

             (f) INDEMNIFICATION. The Company shall (a) indemnify and hold
Employee harmless, to the full extent permitted under applicable law, for, from
and against any and all losses, claims, costs, expenses, damages, liabilities or
actions (including security holder actions, in respect thereof) related to or
arising out of the Employee's employment with or his service to the Company
prior to and after the Effective Date as an officer or employee of the Company
and (b) advance and pay all reasonable costs, expenses and attorney's fees
incurred by Employee in connection with or relating to the defense of any such
loss, claim, cost, expense, damage, liability or action. The Company shall cause
any director and officer liability insurance policies applicable to the Employee
to remain in effect for six (6) years following the termination of employment
for any reason. The provisions of this Section 3(f) shall survive termination of
this Agreement for any reason.

         4. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT. (a) DEATH OR DISABILITY. The Employee's
employment shall terminate automatically upon the Employee's death during the
Employment Period. The Company shall be entitled to terminate the Employee's
employment because of the Employee's Disability during the Employment Period.
"Disability" means that Employee has been unable, for six consecutive months, to
perform the Employee's duties under this Agreement, as a result of physical or
mental illness or injury. The effective date of any termination of Employee's
employment for Disability is referred to herein as the "Disability Effective
Date." A termination of the Employee's employment by the Company for Disability
shall be communicated to the Employee by written notice, and shall be effective
on the 30th day after receipt of such notice by the Employee, unless the
Employee is able to return to the performance of the Employee's duties before
the Disability Effective Date. During any period prior to the Disability
Effective Date during which Employee is unable to fully perform his duties with
the Company due to such physical or mental illness or injury, there shall be no
diminution in the amounts payable or benefits available to Employee hereunder.

                                       3
<PAGE>

             (b) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY. The Company may terminate the
Employee's employment at any time during the Employment Period for Cause.
"Cause" shall mean only an act of fraud, embezzlement or misappropriation by the
Employee, in any such case intended by the Employee to result in substantial
personal enrichment at the expense of the Company. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, Employee shall not be deemed to have been terminated for Cause unless
and until there shall have been delivered to Employee a copy of a resolution
duly adopted by the affirmative vote of not less than two-thirds of the
non-employee members of the Board at a meeting of the Board called and held for
such purpose (after reasonable written notice to Employee setting forth in
reasonable detail the specific conduct of the Employee upon which the Board
relied in reaching its determination, and an opportunity for Employee, together
with his counsel, to be heard before the Board), finding that in the good faith
opinion of the Board, Employee was guilty of conduct constituting Cause as
defined above, Employee shall be entitled to receive all compensation and
benefits hereunder pending the delivery of such resolution. The effective date
of any termination for Cause shall be the date such resolution is delivered to
Employee.

             (c) GOOD REASON. (i) The Employee may terminate employment for Good
Reason or without Good Reason. "Good Reason" shall mean the occurrence of any
one of the following:

                 A. any failure by the Company to comply with any provision of
         Section 3 of this Agreement;

                 B. any other material breach of this Agreement by the Company;
         provided, however, that the Company shall have the right, within ten
         (10) days after receipt of notice from Employee of the Company's
         violation of subparagraphs A or B (or such longer period provided
         below) to cure in full the event or circumstances giving rise to such
         Good Reason, in the event of which cure such event or circumstances
         shall be deemed not to constitute Good Reason hereunder.

         A termination of employment by the Employee for Good Reason shall be
effectuated by giving the Company written notice ("Notice of Termination for
Good Reason") of the termination, setting forth in reasonable detail the
specific conduct of the Company that constitutes Good Reason and the specific
provision(s) of this Agreement on which the Employee relies, provided, that
Employee's continued employment shall not be deemed to constitute consent to, or
a waiver of rights with respect to, any act, omission or other grounds
constituting Good Reason hereunder. For clarity, it is understood that the
requirement of setting forth such specific conduct and specific provisions(s) is
intended (i) to permit the Company to make a reasonable evaluation of Employee's
claim of termination for Good Reason and (ii) to permit the Company, where
applicable, to cure such conduct, but not to require Employee to specify each
act, omission or other grounds constituting Good Reason, there being no
intention of the parties that failure to so specify will function as an estoppel
with respect to any claim by Employee. A termination of employment by the
Employee for Good Reason shall be effective on the latest of (i) the fifth
business day following the expiration of the Company's cure period described
above, if applicable, (ii) the date specified by Employee in the Notice of
Termination for Good Reason or (iii) 45 days following the date the Notice of
Termination for Good Reason is delivered to the Company.

                                       4
<PAGE>

         In addition, a Change of Control of the Company (as defined in Appendix
A) during the Employment Period shall be deemed to constitute a termination of
employment by the Employee for Good Reason (provided that the Employee need not
actually terminate his employment before or after such Change in Control). In
such event, in addition to the provisions of Section 5(a), the Company shall pay
to the Employee, not later than ten (10) days following the Date of Termination,
an amount equal to the following (but not less than zero):

                  (x) $2,880,000;

                                      less
                                      ----

                  (y) the gross amount, if any that Employee realizes (which
         amount Employee agrees to promptly report to the Company) with respect
         to the Options (other than with respect to the Options granted in
         January 2002 set forth in Schedule I which shall not be included as an
         offset) at any time prior to or as a result of the Change in Control
         (with any Options converted into immediately freely tradeable
         securities as of the date of the Change of Control being deemed to be
         realized and valued by the Board of Directors of the Company in good
         faith at such date of closing).

         (ii) A termination of the Employee's employment by the Employee without
Good Reason shall be effected by giving the Company at least 90 days' written
notice of such termination, and shall be effective on the date specified by
Employee in such notice, provided, however, that no such notice period shall be
required with respect to any such termination as to which such written notice of
termination is delivered to the Company following a Change in Control of the
Company.

             (d) DATE OF TERMINATION. The "Date of Termination" means the date
of the Employee's death, the Disability Effective Date, or the date on which the
termination of the Employee's employment by the Company for Cause or by the
Employee for Good Reason or without Good Reason becomes effective, as the case
may be. On the Date of Termination, the Employment Period shall terminate.

         5. OBLIGATIONS OF THE COMPANY UPON TERMINATION. (a) FOR GOOD REASON OR
FOR OTHER THAN FOR CAUSE, DEATH OR DISABILITY. If, during the Employment Period,
the Company terminates the Employee's employment for any reason other than
Cause, Death or Disability, or the Employee terminates his employment for Good
Reason;

         (1) the Company shall continue to pay (as and when due under this
         Agreement) to the Employee: (A) his Annual Base Salary through the end
         of the Employment Period, (B) the incentive compensation as provided in
         Section 3(b) above, payable when generally paid under such Plan, (C)
         any other compensation and benefits accrued (and, where applicable,
         vested) through the Date of Termination under the terms of the
         Company's compensation and benefit plans, programs or arrangements
         applicable to Employee hereunder as in effect immediately prior to the
         Date of Termination (or, if in any case providing a greater benefit to
         Employee, as in effect immediately prior to an event constituting Good
         Reason), and (D) any amounts of reimbursable business expenses incurred
         through the Date of Termination.

                                       5
<PAGE>

         (2) health benefits provided to the Employee immediately prior to the
         Date of Termination (or, at Employee's sole discretion, medical
         coverage provided to the Employee immediately prior to the occurrence
         of any event constituting Good Reason) and the life insurance set forth
         in Section 3(c) shall continue to be provided by the Company to the
         Employee (and, if applicable, his spouse and dependents) through
         February 26, 2005;

         (3) all of the Employee's then outstanding Options shall vest and
         become fully exercisable as of the Date of Termination and the Options
         shall remain fully vested and exercisable by Employee, his estate or
         successor for ten (10) years from the date of its grant;

         (4) all remaining restrictions applicable to the Restricted Stock shall
         immediately lapse; and

         (5) if the date of termination is prior to February 1, 2003, the
         Company shall continue to credit Employee's account under the New
         Deferred Compensation Plan as provided in Section 3(d) above through
         and including February 1, 2003.

             (b) DEATH AND DISABILITY. If the Employee's employment is
terminated by reason of the Employee's death or Disability during the Employment
Period;

         (1) the Company shall pay to the Employee or, in the case of the
         Employee's death, to the Employee's designated beneficiaries (or, if
         there is no such beneficiary, to the Employee's estate or legal
         representative), in a lump sum in cash within ten (10) days after the
         Date of Termination (or, if later, when payable in accordance with the
         relevant Plans), (a) any earned but unpaid Annual Base Salary through
         the Date of Termination, (b) the incentive compensation, as provided in
         Section 3(b) above, payable when generally paid under such Plan, and
         (c) any unreimbursed business expenses (collectively, the "Accrued
         Benefits").

         (2) health benefits provided to the Employee immediately prior to the
         Date of Termination shall continue to be provided by the Company (i) in
         the event of Disability, to the Employee (and, if applicable, his
         spouse and dependents) or (ii) in the event of Employee's death, to his
         surviving spouse (and, if applicable, his dependents), through February
         26, 2005;

         (3) all of the Employee's then outstanding Options shall vest and
         become fully exercisable as of the Date of Termination and (i) the
         Options shall remain fully vested and exercisable by Employee, his
         estate or successor for ten (10) years from the date of its grant;

         (4) all remaining restrictions applicable to the Restricted Stock shall
         immediately lapse; and

                                       6
<PAGE>

         (5) if the termination date is prior to February 1, 2003, the Company
         shall continue to credit Employee's account under the New Deferred
         Compensation Plan as provided in Section 3(d) above through and
         including February 1,2003.

             (c) BY THE COMPANY FOR CAUSE. If the Employee's employment is
terminated by the Company for Cause during the Employment Period, (1) the
Company shall pay to the Employee the Accrued Benefits within ten (10) days
after the Date of Termination , (2) Employee's outstanding vested Options shall
remain exercisable for the remainder of their term and Employee's unvested
Options shall terminate and be immediately canceled, and (3) any portion of the
Restricted Stock as to which time vesting restrictions have not lapsed prior to
the Date of Termination shall terminate and be immediately canceled.

             (d) BY THE EMPLOYEE OTHER THAN FOR GOOD REASON. If the Employee's
employment is terminated by Employee (other than for Good Reason) during the
Employment Period, (1) the Company shall pay to the Employee the Accrued
Benefits, within ten (10) days after the Date of Termination; (2) Employee's
outstanding vested Options shall remain exercisable for the remainder of their
term and Employee's unvested Options shall continue to vest based on the lapse
of time as if Employee's employment with the Company had continued uninterrupted
in full and thereafter remain exercisable for the remainder of their term, in
each case without any regard to any early termination provision, and (3) the
restrictions on the Restricted Stock shall continue to lapse as if Employee's
employment with the Company had continued uninterrupted until such restrictions
had lapsed in full.

             (e) GOLDEN PARACHUTE PAYMENTS. (i) In the event that any payment or
benefit received or to be received by the Employee pursuant to the terms of this
agreement or of any other plan, arrangement or agreement of the Company (or any
affiliate) (collectively, the "Payments") would be subject to the excise tax
(the "Excise Tax") imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended (the "Code"), as determined as provided below, the Company shall pay
to the Employee, at the time specified in Section 5(e)(ii) below, an additional
amount (the "Gross-Up Payment") such that the net amount retained by the
Employee, after deduction of the Excise Tax on Payments and any federal, state
and local income and employment or other tax and the Excise Tax upon the
Gross-Up Payment, and any interest, penalties or additions to tax payable by the
Employee with respect thereto, shall be equal to the total Payments. For
purposes of determining whether any of the Payments will be subject to the
Excise Tax and the amounts of such Excise Tax, (1) the total amount of the
Payments shall be treated as "parachute payments" within the meaning of section
280G(b)(2) of the Code, and all "excess parachute payments" within the meaning
of section 280G(b)(1) of the Code shall be treated as subject to the Excise Tax,
except to the extent that, in the opinion of tax counsel ("Tax Counsel")
reasonably acceptable to Employee and selected by the accounting firm which was,
immediately prior to the event giving rise to the Payment, the Company's
independent auditor (the "Auditor"), a Payment (in whole or in part) does not
constitute a "parachute payment" within the meaning of section 280G(b)(2) of the
Code, or such "excess parachute payments" (in whole or in part) are not subject
to the Excise Tax, (2) the amount of the Payments that shall be treated as
subject to the Excise Tax shall be equal to the lesser of (A) the total amount
of the Payments or (B) the amount of "excess parachute payments" within the
meaning of section 280G(b)(l) of the Code (after applying clause (1) hereof),
and (3) the value of any noncash benefits or any deferred payment or benefit
shall be determined by the Auditor in accordance with the principles of sections
280G(d)(3) and (4) of the Code. For purposes of determining the amount of the
Gross-Up Payment, the Employee shall be deemed to pay federal income taxes at
the highest marginal rates of federal income taxation applicable to the
individuals in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made and
state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rates of taxation
applicable to individuals as are in effect in the state and locality of the
Employee's residence in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be
made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes that can be obtained
from deduction of such state and local taxes, taking into account any
limitations applicable to individuals subject to federal income tax at the
highest marginal rates.
                                       7
<PAGE>

                  (ii) The Gross-Up Payments provided for in Section 5(e)(i)
hereof shall be made upon the earlier of (i) ten days following the Date of
Termination or (ii) the imposition upon the Employee or payment by the Employee
of any Excise Tax.

                  (iii) If it is established pursuant to a final determination
of a court or an Internal Revenue Service proceeding that the Excise Tax is less
than the amount taken into account under Section 5(e)(i) hereof, the Employee
shall repay to the Company within thirty (30) days of the Employee's receipt of
notice of such final determination the portion of the Gross-Up Payment
attributable to such reduction (plus the portion of the Gross-Up Payment
attributable to the Excise Tax and federal, state and local income tax imposed
on the portion of the Gross-Up Payment being repaid by the Employee if and to
the extent that such repayment results in a reduction in Excise Tax and a
dollar-for-dollar reduction in the Employee's taxable income and wages for the
purpose of federal, state and local income taxes) plus any interest received by
the Employee on the amount of such repayment. If it is established pursuant to a
final determination of a court or an Internal Revenue Service proceeding that
the Excise Tax exceeds the amount taken into account hereunder (including
without limitation by reason of any payment the existence or amount of which
cannot be determined at the time of the Gross-Up Payment), the Company shall
make an additional Gross-Up Payment pursuant to Section 5(e)(i) in respect of
such excess within thirty (30) days of the Company's receipt of notice of such
final determination or opinion. The Employee and the Company shall each
reasonably cooperate with the other in connection with any administrative or
judicial proceedings concerning the existence or amount of liability for Excise
Tax with respect to the Payments.

                  (iv) In the event of any change in, or further interpretation
of, sections 280G or 4999 of the Code and the regulations promulgated
thereunder, the Employee shall be entitled, by written notice to the Company, to
request an opinion of Tax Counsel regarding the application of such change to
any of the foregoing, and the Company shall use its best efforts to cause such
opinion to be rendered as promptly as practicable. All fees and expenses of the
Auditor and Tax Counsel incurred in connection with this Agreement shall be
borne by the Company.

         6. [INTENTIONALLY OMITTED.]

         7. FULL SETTLEMENT. The Company's obligation to make the payments
provided for in, and otherwise to perform its obligations under, this Agreement
shall not be affected by any set-off, counterclaim, recoupment, defense or other
claim, right or action that the Company may have against the Employee or others
whether in respect of claims made under this Agreement or otherwise. In no event
shall the Employee be obligated to seek other employment or take any other
action by way of mitigation of the amounts, benefits and other compensation
payable or otherwise provided to the Employee under any of the provisions of
this Agreement, and such amounts shall not be reduced, regardless of whether the
Employee obtains other employment. In no event shall any amounts, benefits or
other compensation payable or otherwise provided to Employee hereunder be
reduced in respect of, or the Company's obligations to Employee hereunder be
affected by, or any other form of "clawback" provision apply to, the payment to
Employee at any time of any amounts, benefits or other compensation in respect
of his employment with any prior employer.

                                       8
<PAGE>

         8. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION; SOLICITATION. During the Employment Period
and for a period of three years following the applicable Date of Termination,
the Employee shall hold in a fiduciary capacity for the benefit of the Company
all secret or confidential information, knowledge or data relating to the
Company or any of its affiliated companies and their respective businesses that
the Employee obtains during the Employee's employment by the Company or any of
its affiliated companies and that is not public knowledge (other than as a
result of the Employee's violation of this Section 8) ("Confidential
Information") and the Employee shall not communicate, divulge or disseminate
Confidential Information at any time during such period to anyone other than the
Company, appropriate Company personnel and those other persons designated by the
Company, except (i) with the prior written consent of the Company, (ii) as
otherwise required by law or legal process, (iii) on behalf of the Company in
the furtherance of its business or in the course of performing Employee's duties
to the Company or (iv) in the course of any adversarial proceeding against the
Company. During the Employment Period (and if during the Employment Period (A)
the Employee terminates his employment with the Company without Good Reason or
(B) the Employee is terminated by the Company for Cause, then for one year after
the Date of Termination), (i) the Employee shall not, without the written
consent of the Board, directly or indirectly solicit or recruit any person
(other than persons employed in a clerical or other non-professional position)
who is then employed by the Company or who was employed by the Company or any of
its subsidiaries or affiliates at any time during the six-month period preceding
the Date of Termination for the purpose of being employed by the Employee, by
any entity or person on whose behalf the Employee is acting as an agent,
representative or employee or by any Competitor of the Company and (ii) the
Employee shall not, without the written consent of the Board, directly or
indirectly, solicit, entice, persuade or induce any person or entity doing
business with the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates, to terminate such
relationship or to refrain from extending or renewing the same. In the event of
a breach or any threatened breach of the Section 8, Employee agrees that, in
addition to any other remedy available to the Company at law or in equity, the
Company shall be entitled to injunctive relief in a court of appropriate
jurisdiction to remedy any breach or prevent any threatened breach. Employee
further acknowledges that damages would be inadequate and insufficient to
compensate the Company for any breach of this Section 8.

         9. NON-DISPARAGEMENT. Employee agrees that he will not in any public
forum (i.e., lectures, to the media, in published articles, to analysts, or in
comparable public forums) or in private conversations (i.e., social settings,
etc.) criticize, disparage, denigrate, or speak adversely of, or disclose
negative information about, the operations, management or performance of the
Company or about any director, officer, employee or agent of the Company. The
intent of this Section 9 is to ensure that Employee does not say or do anything
that damages or impairs, or might damage or impair, in any way the business
organization, goodwill, or reputation of the Company or any of its directors,
officers, employees or agents.

                                       9
<PAGE>

         10. DISPUTE RESOLUTION; ATTORNEYS' FEES. All disputes arising under or
related to the employment of the Employee by the Company or the provisions of
this agreement shall be settled by arbitration under the rules of the American
Arbitration Association then in effect, such arbitration to be held in Portland,
Oregon, as the sole and exclusive remedy of either party and judgment on any
arbitration award may be entered in any court of competent jurisdiction. The
Company agrees to reimburse all reasonable legal fees and other expenses
incurred by the Employee in any such dispute if the Employee prevails as to one
or more of the material issues in the dispute.

         11. SUCCESSORS. (a) No rights or obligations of Employee under this
Agreement may be assigned or transferred by Employee other than his rights to
payments, benefits or other compensation hereunder, which (without the prior
written consent of the Company) may be transferred only by will or the laws of
descent and distribution or as otherwise provided in the applicable agreements
covering the Company's securities. Upon Employee's death, this Agreement and all
rights of Employee hereunder, including with regard to the Company's Securities
shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by Employee's spouse,
beneficiary or beneficiaries, personal or legal representatives, or estate, to
the extent any such person succeeds to Employee's right to benefits under this
Agreement. Employee shall be entitled to select and change a beneficiary or
beneficiaries to receive any payment, benefit or other compensation payable
hereunder following Employee's death by giving the Company written notice
thereof. In the event of Employee's death or a judicial determination of his
incompetence, reference in this Agreement to Employee shall be deemed, where
appropriate, to refer to his beneficiary or beneficiaries, estate or other legal
representative(s).

             (b) No rights or obligations of the Company under this Agreement
may be assigned or transferred except that the Company shall require any
successor (whether direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation or
otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of the
Company expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same
manner and to the same extent that the Company would have been required to
perform it if no such succession had taken place. As used in this Agreement, the
"Company" shall mean both the Company as defined above and any successor to its
business and/or assets (by merger, purchase or otherwise) which executes and
delivers the agreement provided for in this Section 1l(b) or which otherwise
becomes bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement by operation of
law or otherwise.

         12. COMPANY REPRESENTATION. The Company represents and warrants to the
Employee that (i) it has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute
and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder in full,
(ii) the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and the
performance of its obligations hereunder have been duly and validly authorized
by all necessary corporate action and (iii) no other corporate proceedings on
the part of the Company (including on the part of the shareholders of the
Company) are necessary to authorize this Agreement or perform such obligations.
This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by the Company
and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company,
enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms.

                                       10
<PAGE>

         13. WAIVER AND RELEASE.

             (a) Employee acknowledges that there are various state, local and
federal laws that prohibit, among other things, employment discrimination on the
basis of age, sex, race, color, national origin, religion, disability, sexual
orientation or veteran status and that these laws are enforced through the Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission, Department of Labor and State or Local Human
Rights agencies. Such laws include, without limitation, Title VII of the Civil
Rights Act of 1964; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act ("ADEA"); the
Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA"); the Employee Retirement Income Security
Act ("ERISA"); 42 U.S.C. Section 1981; the California Fair Employment and
Housing Act, etc., as each may have been amended, and other state and local
human or civil rights laws as well as other statutes which regulate employment;
and the common law of contracts and torts. Employee hereby waives and releases
any rights he may have under these or any other laws with respect to his
employment under the Original Employment Agreement (and the termination thereof)
and acknowledges that the Company has not (a) discriminated against him,
including on the basis of age, (b) breached any contract with him, (c) committed
any civil wrong (tort) against him, or (d) otherwise acted unlawfully toward
him.

         Employee also waives any right to become, and promises not to consent
to become, a member of any class in a case in which claims are asserted against
any Releasee (as defined in Section 13(b) hereof) that are related in any way to
his employment under the Original Employment Agreement (and the termination
thereof), and that involve events which have occurred as of the date of this
Agreement (defined to mean the date on which Employee signs this Agreement). If
Employee, without his prior knowledge and consent, is made a member of a class
in any proceeding, he will opt out of the class at the first opportunity
afforded to him after learning of his inclusion. In this regard, Employee agrees
that he will execute, without objection or delay, an "opt-out" form presented to
him either by the court in which such proceeding is pending or by counsel for
any Releasee who is made a defendant in any such proceeding.

             (b) Employee, on behalf of himself and his heirs, executors,
administrators, successors and assigns, hereby unconditionally releases and
discharges the Company, and its subsidiaries, successors, assigns, affiliates,
shareholders, directors, officers, representatives, agents and employees as well
as any benefit plan and its fiduciaries and insurors (collectively "Releasees"
and individually "Releasee") from all known and unknown claims (including claims
for attorneys' fees and costs), charges, actions and causes of action, demands,
damages, and liabilities of any kind or character, in law or equity, suspected
or unsuspected, past or present, that he ever had, may now have, or may later
assert against any Releasee, arising out of or related to his employment with
the Company prior to the Effective Date, including but not limited to severance
or other claims arising under the Original Employment Agreement or as a result
of Employee's change in position with the Company pursuant to this Agreement and
any other claims against the Company other than claims arising pursuant to the
terms of this Agreement after the Effective Date. To the fullest extent
permitted by law, this release includes, but is not limited to: (a) claims
arising under the ADEA, the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act, the Workers'
Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, the ERISA, the Family and Medical
Leave Act of 1993, the ADA, the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, and
any other federal, state, or local law prohibiting age, race, color, gender,
creed, religion, sexual preference/orientation, marital status, national origin,
mental or physical disability, veteran status, or any other form of unlawful
discrimination or claim with respect to or arising out of Employee's employment
with the Company or this Agreement; (b) claims (whether based on common law or
otherwise) arising out of or related to any contract (whether express or
implied); (c) claims under any federal, state or local constitutions, statutes,
rules or regulations; (d) claims (whether based on common law or otherwise)
arising out of any kind of tortious conduct (whether intentional or otherwise)
including but not limited to, wrongful termination, defamation, violation of
public policy; and (e) claims included in, related to, or which could have been
included in any presently pending federal, state or local lawsuit filed by
Employee or on his behalf against any Releasee, which Employee agrees to
immediately dismiss with prejudice. Section 1542 of the Civil Code of the State
of California states:

                                       11
<PAGE>

             "A general release does not extend to claims which the creditor
             does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of
             executing the release, which if known by him must have materially
             affected his settlement with the debtor."

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 1542, and for the purpose of
implementing a full and complete release and discharge of all Releasees with
respect to claims in California as well as all other jurisdictions, Employee
expressly acknowledges that this Release is intended to include not only claims
that are known, anticipated or disclosed, but also claims that are unknown,
unanticipated and undisclosed.

         14. MISCELLANEOUS. (a) This Agreement shall be governed by, and
construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Oregon, without reference
to principles of conflict of laws. The captions of this Agreement are not part
of the provisions hereof and shall have no force or effect. This Agreement may
not be amended or modified except by a written agreement executed by the parties
hereto or their respective successors and legal representatives.

         (b) All notices and other communications under this Agreement shall be
in writing and shall be given by hand delivery to the other party or by
registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or by a
nationally recognized overnight courier addressed as follows:

                           If to the Employee:

                           David R. Jessick
                           16025 N. E. Eilers Road
                           Aurora, OR  97002

                           If to the Company:

                           Rite Aid Corporation
                           30 Hunter Lane
                           Camp Hill, Pennsylvania  17011
                           Attention:  General Counsel

or to such other address as either party furnishes to the other in writing in
accordance with this paragraph (b) of Section 14. Notices and communications
shall be effective when actually received by the addressee.

                                       12
<PAGE>

             (c) The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this
Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision
of this Agreement. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held invalid or
unenforceable in part, the remaining portion of such provision, together with
all other provisions of this Agreement, shall remain valid and enforceable and
continue in full force and effect to the fullest extent consistent with law.

             (d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, (and,
except as specifically provided in Section 3(e) above), the Company may withhold
from amounts payable under this Agreement all federal, state, local and foreign
taxes that are required to be withheld by applicable laws or regulations.

             (e) The Employee's or the Company's failure to insist upon strict
compliance with any provisions of, or to assert, any right under, this Agreement
(including, without limitation, the right of the Employee to terminate
employment for Good Reason pursuant to paragraph (c) of Section 4 of this
Agreement) shall not be deemed to be a waiver of such provision or right or of
any other provision of or right under this Agreement.

             (f) The rights and benefits of the Employee under this Agreement
may not be anticipated, assigned, alienated or subject to attachment,
garnishment, levy, execution or other legal or equitable process except as
required by law. Any attempt by the Employee to anticipate, alienate, assign,
sell, transfer, pledge, encumber or charge the same shall be void. Payments
hereunder shall not be considered assets of the Employee in the event of
insolvency or bankruptcy.

             (g) This Agreement (together with the exhibits hereto) sets forth
the entire agreement of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter
construed herein and supersedes all prior agreements, promises, covenants,
arrangements, communications, representations or warranties, whether oral or
written by any party or any officer or other representative of such party in
respect of such subject matter.

             (h) This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, and said counterparts shall constitute but
one and the same instrument.

             (i) This Agreement shall survive the termination of the Employment
Period and the termination of Employee's employment hereunder under any
circumstances to the extent necessary to give effect to its provisions.

                                       13
<PAGE>

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Employee and the Company have executed this
Agreement as of the date first written above.

                              RITE AID CORPORATION

                                            By: /s/ Robert G. Miller
                                            ---------------------------
                                                  Robert G. Miller, CEO

                                            EMPLOYEE

                                             /s/ David R. Jessick
                                            -------------------------
                                            David R. Jessick

                                       14
<PAGE>

                                   APPENDIX A

         A "Change in Control of the Company" shall be deemed to have occurred
if, as the result of a single transaction or a series of transactions, the event
set forth in any one of the following paragraphs shall have occurred:

                  (1) any Person is or becomes the Beneficial Owner, directly or
         indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 25% or more of
         the combined voting power of the Company's then outstanding voting
         securities; or

                  (2) Incumbent Directors cease at any time and for any reason
         to constitute a majority of the number of directors then serving on the
         Board. "Incumbent Directors" shall mean directors who either (A)are
         directors of the Company as of the Effective Date or (B) are elected,
         or nominated for election, to the Board with the affirmative votes of
         at least a majority of the Incumbent Directors at the time of such
         election or nomination (but shall not include an individual whose
         election or nomination is in connection with an actual or threatened
         election contest, including but not limited to a consent solicitation,
         relating to the election of directors to the Board); or

                  (3) there is consummated a merger or consolidation of the
         Company or any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company with any
         other corporation, other than (i) a merger or consolidation which would
         result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately
         prior to such merger or consolidation continuing to represent (either
         by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities
         of the surviving entity or any parent thereof) at least 60% of the
         combined voting power of the securities of the Company or such
         surviving entity or any parent thereof outstanding immediately after
         such merger or consolidation, or (ii) a merger or consolidation
         effected to implement a recapitalization of the Company (or similar
         transaction) in which no Person is or becomes the Beneficial Owner,
         directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 25%
         or more of the combined voting power of the Company's then outstanding
         voting securities; or

                  (4) the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete
         liquidation or dissolution of the Company or an agreement for the sale
         or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the
         Company's assets, other than a sale or disposition by the Company of
         all or substantially all of the Company's assets to an entity, at least
         60% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are
         owned by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same
         proportions as their ownership of the Company immediately prior to such
         sale.

         "Affiliate" shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 12b-2 under
Section 12 of the Exchange Act.

         "Beneficial Owner" shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 13d-3 under
the Exchange Act, except that a Person shall not be deemed to be the Beneficial
Owner of any securities which are properly filed on a Form 13G.

                                       15
<PAGE>

         "Exchange Act" shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended from time to time.

         "Person" shall have the meaning given in Section 3(a)(9)of the Exchange
Act, as modified and used in Sections 13(d)and 14(d) thereof, except that such
term shall not include (i) the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) a
trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of
the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (iii) an underwriter temporarily holding
securities pursuant to an offering of such securities or (iv) a corporation
owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in
substantially the same proportions as their ownership of stock of the Company.<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.1

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                              VERIZON VIRGINIA INC.

                                       AND

                               JPMORGAN CHASE BANK

                                   AS TRUSTEE

                               ------------------

                                    INDENTURE

                          Dated as of October 15, 2002

                               ------------------

                                   Securities

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE

    Section of
Trust Indenture Act                                              Section of
of 1939, as amended                                              Indenture

310(a)........................................................... 7.09
310(b)........................................................... 7.08
                                                                  7.10
310(c)........................................................... Inapplicable
311(a).                                                           7.13(a)
311(b)........................................................... 7.13(b)
311(c)........................................................... Inapplicable
312(a............................................................ 5.01
                                                                  5.02(a)
312(b)........................................................... 5.02(b)
312(c)........................................................... 5.02(c)
313(a)........................................................... 5.04(a)
313(b)........................................................... 5.04(b)
313(c)........................................................... 5.04(a)
                                                                  5.04(b)
313(d)........................................................... 5.04(c)
314(a)........................................................... 5.03
314(b)........................................................... Inapplicable
314(c)........................................................... 13.06
314(d)........................................................... Inapplicable
314(e)........................................................... 13.06
314(f)........................................................... Inapplicable
315(a)........................................................... 7.01(a)
                                                                  7.02
315(b)........................................................... 6.07
315(c)........................................................... 7.01
315(d)........................................................... 7.01(b)
                                                                  7.01(c)
315(e)........................................................... 6.08
316(a)........................................................... 6.06
                                                                  8.04
316(b)........................................................... 6.04
316(c)........................................................... 8.01
317(a)........................................................... 6.02
317(b)........................................................... 4.04
318(a)........................................................... 13.08

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                              TABLE OF CONTENTS*

                                                                                                         Page
<S>                                                                                                        <C>
PARTIES................................................................................................... 1

                                                   RECITALS:

Purpose of Indenture...................................................................................... 1
Compliance with legal requirements........................................................................ 1
Purpose of and consideration for Indenture................................................................ 1

                                                  ARTICLE ONE
                                                  DEFINITIONS

SECTION 1.01.     Certain terms defined; other terms defined in Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
                  amended or by reference therein in Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to have
                  meanings therein assigned............................................................... 1

                  Affiliate............................................................................... 1
                  Authenticating Agent.................................................................... 2
                  Board of Directors...................................................................... 2
                  Board Resolution........................................................................ 2
                  Business day............................................................................ 2
                  Certificate............................................................................. 2
                  Corporate Trust Office.................................................................. 2
                  Company................................................................................. 2
                  Default................................................................................. 2
                  Depository.............................................................................. 2
                  Event of Default........................................................................ 2
                  Global Security......................................................................... 2
                  Governmental Obligations................................................................ 2
                  Indenture............................................................................... 3
                  Interest payment date................................................................... 3
                  Officers' Certificate................................................................... 3
                  Opinion of Counsel...................................................................... 3
                  Outstanding............................................................................. 3
                  Predecessor Security.................................................................... 3
                  Responsible officer..................................................................... 3
                  Security or Securities.................................................................. 3
                  Securityholder.......................................................................... 3
                  Subsidiary.............................................................................. 3
                  Trustee................................................................................. 4
                  Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended................................................. 4
</TABLE>

--------------
*    This Table of Contents does not constitute part of the Indenture and should
     not have any bearing upon the interpretation of any of its terms or
     provisions.

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                  ARTICLE TWO
                              ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION
                                          AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES

<S>                    <C>                                                                                 <C>
SECTION 2.01.          Designation, terms, amount, authentication and delivery of Securities...............4
SECTION 2.02.          Form of Securities and Trustee's certificate........................................5
SECTION 2.03.          Date and denominations of Securities, and provisions for payment of
                       principal, premium and interest.....................................................5
SECTION 2.04.          Execution of Securities.............................................................6
SECTION 2.05.          Exchange of Securities..............................................................7
                       (a)  Registration and transfer of Securities........................................7
                       (b)  Securities to be accompanied by proper instruments of transfer.................7
                       (c)  Charges upon exchange, transfer or registration of Securities..................7
                       (d)  Restrictions on transfer or exchange at time of redemption.....................7
SECTION 2.06.          Temporary Securities................................................................7
SECTION 2.07.          Mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.....................................8
SECTION 2.08.          Cancellation of surrendered Securities..............................................8
SECTION 2.09.          Provisions of Indenture and Securities for sole benefit of parties and
                       Securityholders.....................................................................8
SECTION 2.10.          Appointment of Authenticating Agent.................................................9
SECTION 2.11.          Global Securities...................................................................9
                       (a)  Authentication and delivery....................................................9
                       (b)  Limitation on Transfer.........................................................9
                       (c)  Exchange of Global Securities for definitive Securities........................9

                                                 ARTICLE THREE
                             REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS

SECTION 3.01.          Redemption of Securities............................................................10
SECTION 3.02.          (a)  Notice of redemption...........................................................10
                       (b)  Selection of Securities in case less than all Securities to be redeemed........10
SECTION 3.03.          (a)  When Securities called for redemption become due and payable...................10
                       (b)  Receipt of new Security upon partial payment...................................11
SECTION 3.04.          Sinking Fund for Securities.........................................................11
SECTION 3.05.          Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities...............................11
SECTION 3.06.          Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund...........................................11

                                                 ARTICLE FOUR
                                      PARTICULAR COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY

SECTION 4.01.          Payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on Securities............12
SECTION 4.02.          Maintenance of office or agency for payment of Securities; designation of
                       office or agency for payment, registration, transfer-and exchange of
                       Securities..........................................................................12
SECTION 4.03.          (a)  Duties of paying agent.........................................................12
                       (b)  Company as paying agent........................................................12
                       (c)  Holding sums in trust..........................................................13
SECTION 4.04.          Appointment to fill vacancy in office of Trustee....................................13
SECTION 4.05.          Covenant against certain prior liens................................................13
SECTION 4.06.          Restriction on consolidation, merger or sale........................................14
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                 ARTICLE FIVE
                              SECURITYHOLDERS' LISTS, AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY
                                                AND THE TRUSTEE

<S>                    <C>                                                                                <C>
SECTION 5.01.          Company to furnish Trustee information as to names and addresses of
                       Securityholders.....................................................................14
SECTION 5.02.          (a)  Trustee to preserve information as to names and addresses of
                            Securityholders received by it in capacity of paying agent.....................14
                       (b)  Trustee may destroy list of Securityholders on certain conditions..............14
                       (c)  Trustee to make information as to names and Addresses of
                            Securityholders available to "applicants" or mail communications to
                            Securityholders in certain circumstances.......................................14
                       (d)  Procedure if Trustee elects not to make Information available to
                            applicants.....................................................................15
                       (e)  Company and Trustee not accountable for disclosure of information..............15
SECTION 5.03.          (a)  Annual and other reports to be filed by Company with Trustee...................15
                       (b)  Additional information and reports to be filed with Trustee and
                            Securities and Exchange Commission.............................................15
                       (c)  Summaries of information and reports to be Transmitted by Company to
                            Securityholders................................................................15
                       (d)  Annual Certificate to be furnished to the Trust................................15
SECTION 5.04.          (a)  Trustee to transmit annual report to Securityholders...........................16
                       (b)  Trustee to transmit certain further reports to Securityholders.................16
                       (c)  Copies of reports to be filed with stock exchanges and Securities and
                            Exchange Commission............................................................16

                                                  ARTICLE SIX
                                  REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS
                                             UPON EVENT OF DEFAULT

SECTION 6.01.          (a)  Events of Default defined......................................................17
                       (b)  Acceleration of maturity upon Event of Default.................................17
                       (c)  Waiver of default and rescission of declaration of maturity....................18
                       (d)  Restoration of former position and rights upon curing default..................18
SECTION 6.02.          (a)  Covenant of Company to pay to Trustee  whole amount due on  Securities
                            on default in payment of interest or principal (and premium, if
                            any)...........................................................................18
                       (b)  Trustee may recover judgment for whole amount due on Securities on
                            failure of Company to Pay......................................................18
                       (c)  Filing of proof of claim by Trustee in bankruptcy, reorganization or
                            receivership Proceedings.......................................................18
                       (d)  Rights of action and of asserting claims may be enforced by Trustee
                            without possession of Securities...............................................19
SECTION 6.03.          Application of moneys collected by Trustee..........................................19
SECTION 6.04.          Limitation on suits by holders of Securities........................................19
SECTION 6.05.          (a)  Remedies cumulative............................................................20
                       (b)  Delay or omission in exercise of rights not waiver of default..................20
SECTION 6.06.          Rights of holders of majority in principal amount of Securities to direct
                       Trustee and to waive Defaults.......................................................20
SECTION 6.07.          Trustee to give notice of defaults known to it, but may withhold in
                       certain circumstances...............................................................20
SECTION 6.08.          Requirements of an undertaking to pay costs in certain suits under
                       Indenture or against Trustee........................................................21
</TABLE>

<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                 ARTICLE SEVEN
                                            CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE
<S>                    <C>                                                                                <C>
SECTION 7.01.        (a)  Upon Event of Default occurring and Continuing, Trustee shall exercise
                          powers Vested in it, and use same degree of care and skill in their
                          exercise, as prudent Individual would use.......................................21
                     (b)  Trustee not relieved from liability for Negligence or willful
                          misconduct except as Provided in this section...................................21
                          (1)  Prior to Event of Default and after the curing of all Events of
                               Default which may have occurred............................................21
                               (i)    Trustee not liable except for performance of duties
                                      specifically set forth..............................................21
                               (ii)   In absence of bad faith, Trustee may conclusively rely on
                                      certificates or opinions furnished it hereunder, subject to
                                      duty to examine the same if specifically required to be
                                      furnished to it.....................................................21
                          (2)  Trustee not liable for error of judgment made in good faith by
                               responsible officer unless Trustee negligent...............................21
                          (3)  Trustee not liable for action or non-action in accordance
                               with direction of holders of Majority in principal amount
                               of Securities..............................................................21
                          (4)  Trustee need not expend own funds without adequate indemnity...............21
SECTION 7.02.        Subject to provisions of Section 7.01:...............................................22
                     (a)  Trustee may rely on documents believed genuine and properly signed or
                          presented.......................................................................22
                     (b)  Sufficient evidence by certain instruments provided for.........................22
                     (c)  Trustee may consult with counsel and act on advice or Opinion of Counsel........22
                     (d)  Trustee may require indemnity from Securityholders..............................22
                     (e)  Trustee not liable for actions in good faith believed to be authorized..........22
                     (f)  Prior to Event of Default Trustee not bound to investigate facts
                          or matters stated in certificates, etc., unless requested in writing
                          by Securityholders..............................................................22
                     (g)  Trustee may perform duties directly or through agents or attorneys..............22
SECTION 7.03.        (a)  Trustee not liable for recitals in Indenture or in Securities...................22
                     (b)  No representations by Trustee as to validity or Indenture or of
                          Securities......................................................................22
                     (c)  Trustee not accountable for use of Securities or proceeds...... ................22
SECTION 7.04.        Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar may own Securities.......................23
SECTION 7.05.        Moneys received by Trustee to be held in trust without interest......................23
SECTION 7.06.        (a)  Trustee entitled to compensation, reimbursement and indemnity...................23
                     (b)  Obligations to Trustee to be secured by lien prior to Securities................23
                     (c)  Certain expenses of Trustee considered expenses of administration in a
                          bankruptcy proceeding...........................................................23
SECTION 7.07.        Right of Trustee to rely on certificate of officers of Company where no
                     other evidence etc., unless requested in writing by Securityholders
                     pecifically prescribed:..............................................................23
SECTION 7.08.        (a)  Trustee acquiring conflicting interest to eliminate conflict or resign..........23
                     (b)  Notice to Securityholders in case of failure to comply with subsection (a)......23
                     (c)  Definition of conflicting interest..............................................23
                     (d)  Definition of certain terms.....................................................26
                     (e)  Calculation of percentages of Securities........................................26
                     (f)  Trustee resignation not required under certain circumstances....................27
SECTION 7.09.        Requirements for eligibility of Trustee..............................................27
SECTION 7.10.        (a)  Resignation of Trustee and appointment of successor.............................28

                     (b)  Removal of Trustee by Company or by court on Securityholders'
                          application.....................................................................28
                     (c)  Removal of Trustee by holders of majority in principal amount of
                          Securities......................................................................28
                     (d)  Time when resignation or removal of Trustee effective...........................28
                     (e)  One Trustee for each series.....................................................28
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S>                    <C>                                                                                <C>
SECTION 7.11.        (a)  Acceptance by successor to Trustee..............................................28
                     (b)  Trustee with respect to less than all series....................................29
                     (c)  Company to confirm Trustee's rights.............................................29
                     (d)  Successor Trustee to be qualified...............................................29
                     (e)  Notice of succession............................................................29
SECTION 7.12.        Successor to Trustee by merger, consolidation or succession to business..............29
SECTION 7.13.        (a)  Limitations on rights of Trustee as a creditor to obtain payment of
                          certain claims within four months prior to default or during default,
                          or to realize on property as such creditor thereafter...........................29
                     (b)  Certain creditor relationships excluded.........................................31
                     (c)  Definition of certain terms.....................................................31

                                                 ARTICLE EIGHT
                                        CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS

SECTION 8.01.         Evidence of action by Securityholders...............................................32
SECTION 8.02.         Proof of execution of instruments and of holding of Securities......................32
SECTION 8.03.         Who may be deemed owners of Securities..............................................33
SECTION 8.04.         Securities owned by Company or controlled or controlling companies
                      disregarded for certain purposes....................................................33
SECTION 8.05.         Instruments executed by Securityholders bind future holders.........................33

                                                 ARTICLE NINE
                                            SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 9.01.         Purposes for which supplemental indenture may be entered into without
                      consent of Securityholders..........................................................33
                      (a)  To evidence successor to the Company and assumption of covenants...............33
                      (b)  To add covenants...............................................................34
                      (c)  To cure ambiguity..............................................................34
                      (d)  When no securities are outstanding.............................................34
SECTION 9.02.         Modification of Indenture with consent of Securityholders...........................34
SECTION 9.03.         Effect of supplemental indentures...................................................35
SECTION 9.04.         Securities may bear notation of changes by supplemental indentures..................35
SECTION 9.05.         Opinion of Counsel..................................................................35

                                                  ARTICLE TEN
                                        CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALE

SECTION 10.01.        Consolidations  or  mergers  of  Company  and  sales  or  conveyances  of
                      property of Company permitted.......................................................35
SECTION 10.02.        (a)  Rights and duties of successor company.........................................35
                      (b)  Appropriate changes may be made in phraseology and form of
                           Securities.....................................................................36
                      (c)  Company may consolidate or merge into itself or acquire properties
                           of other corporations..........................................................36
SECTION 10.03.        Opinion of Counsel..................................................................36
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                ARTICLE ELEVEN
                                   SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE;
                                               UNCLAIMED MONEYS
<S>                    <C>                                                                                <C>
SECTION 11.01.           Satisfaction and discharge of Indenture..........................................36
SECTION 11.02.           Discharge of Company's Obligations...............................................36
SECTION 11.03.           Application by Trustee of funds deposited for payment of Securities..............37
SECTION 11.04.           Repayment of moneys held by paying agent.........................................37
SECTION 11.05.           Repayment of moneys held by Trustee..............................................37

                                                ARTICLE TWELVE
                                   IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS,
                                            OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

SECTION 12.01.         Incorporators, stockholders, officers and directors of Company exempt from
                       individual liability...............................................................37

                                               ARTICLE THIRTEEN
                                               SUNDRY PROVISIONS

SECTION 13.01.         Successors and assigns of Company bound by Indenture...............................37
SECTION 13.02.         Acts of board, committee or officer of successor company valid.....................37
SECTION 13.03.         Surrender of powers by Company.....................................................38
SECTION 13.04.         Required notices or demands may be served by mail..................................38
SECTION 13.05.         Indenture and Securities to be construed in accordance with laws of the
                       State of New York..................................................................38
SECTION 13.06.         (a)  Officers' Certificate and Opinion ofCounsel to be furnished upon
                            applications or demands by Company............................................38
                       (b)  Statements to be included in each certificate or opinion with respect
                            to compliance with condition or covenant......................................38
SECTION 13.07.         Payments due on Sundays or holidays................................................38
SECTION 13.08.         Provisions required by Trust Indenture Act of 1939 to control......................38
SECTION 13.09.         Indenture may be executed in counterparts..........................................38
SECTION 13.10.         Separability of Indenture provisions...............................................38

ACCEPTANCE OF TRUST BY TRUSTEE............................................................................38
TESTIMONIUM...............................................................................................39
SIGNATURES AND SEALS......................................................................................40
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...........................................................................................40
</TABLE>

<PAGE>

       THIS INDENTURE, dated as of the 15th day of October, 2002, between
VERIZON VIRGINIA INC., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws
of the Commonwealth of Virginia (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the
"Company"), and JPMorgan Chase Bank, a New York banking corporation organized
and existing under the laws of the State of New York, as trustee (hereinafter
sometimes referred to as the "Trustee"):

       WHEREAS, for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly
authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the
issuance of unsecured securities, debentures, notes or other evidences of
indebtedness (hereinafter referred to as the "Securities"), in an unlimited
aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in one or more series
as in this Indenture provided as registered Securities without coupons, to be
authenticated by the certificate of the Trustee;

       WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions upon which the Securities
are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized
the execution of this Indenture;

       WHEREAS, the Securities and the certificate of authentication to be borne
by the Securities (the "Certificate of Authentication") are to be substantially
in such forms as may be approved by the Board of Directors (as defined below) or
set forth in any indenture supplemental to this Indenture;

       AND WHEREAS, all acts and things necessary to make the Securities issued
pursuant hereto, when executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by
the Trustee as in this Indenture provided, the valid, binding and legal
obligations of the Company, and to constitute these presents a valid indenture
and agreement according to its terms, have been done and performed or will be
done and performed prior to the issuance of such Securities, and the execution
of this Indenture and the issuance hereunder of the Securities have been or will
be prior to issuance in all respects duly authorized, and the Company, in the
exercise of the legal right and power in it vested, executes this Indenture and
proposes to make, execute, issue and deliver the Securities;

       NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

       That in order to declare the terms and conditions upon which the
Securities are and are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, and in
consideration of the premises, of the purchase and acceptance of the Securities
by the holders thereof and of the sum of one dollar ($1.00) to it duly paid by
the Trustee at the execution of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby
acknowledged, the Company covenants and agrees with the Trustee, for the equal
and proportionate benefit (subject to the provisions of this Indenture) of the
respective holders from time to time of the Securities, without any
discrimination, preference or priority of any one Security over any other by
reason of priority in the time of issue, sale or negotiation thereof, or
otherwise, except as provided herein, as follows:

                                   ARTICLE ONE
                                   Definitions

       SECTION 1.01. The terms defined in this Section (except as in this
Indenture otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires)
for all purposes of this Indenture, any resolution of the Board of Directors of
the Company and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective
meanings specified in this Section. All other terms used in this Indenture which
are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or which are by
reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except
as herein otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise
requires), shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust
Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of the
execution of this instrument.

Affiliate: The term "Affiliate" of the Company shall mean any company at least a
majority of whose outstanding voting stock shall at the time be owned by Verizon
Communications Inc., a Delaware corporation, or by one or more direct or
indirect subsidiaries of Verizon Communications Inc. or by Verizon
Communications Inc. and one or more direct or indirect subsidiaries of Verizon
Communications Inc. For the purposes only of this definition of the term
"Affiliate", the term "voting stock", as applied to the stock of any company,
shall mean stock of any class or classes having ordinary voting power for the
election of a majority of the directors of such company, other than stock having
such power only by reason of the occurrence of a contingency.
<PAGE>

Authenticating Agent: The term "Authenticating Agent" means an authenticating
agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities, as the case may
be, appointed with respect to all or any series of the Securities, as the case
may be, by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.

Board of Directors: The term "Board of Directors" shall mean the Board of
Directors of the Company, or an Executive or Special Committee of such Board.

Board Resolution: The term "Board Resolution" shall mean a copy of a resolution
certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been
duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the
date of such certification.

Business day: The term "business day", with respect to any series of securities,
shall mean any day other than a day on which banking institutions in the Borough
of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, as the case may be (depending on
whether an office or agency of the Company is being maintained in either such
city with respect to any such series), are authorized or obligated by law or
executive order to close.

Certificate: The term "Certificate" shall mean a certificate signed by the
principal executive officer, the principal financial officer or the principal
accounting officer of the Company. The Certificate need not comply with the
provisions of Section 13.06.

Corporate Trust Office: The term "Corporate Trust Office" shall mean the office
of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business
shall be principally administered, which office at the date of the execution of
this Indenture is located at 450 West 33rd Street, New York, New York 10001,
Attention: Institutional Trust Services.

Company: The term "Company" shall mean Verizon Virginia Inc., a corporation duly
organized and existing under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and,
subject to the provisions of Article Ten, shall also include its successors and
assigns.

Default: The term "Default" shall mean any event, act or condition which with
notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.

Depository: The term "Depository" shall mean, with respect to Securities of any
series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued
as a Global Security, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, another
clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the
Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or other applicable statute or
regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to
either Section 2.01 or 2.11.

Event of Default: The term "Event of Default" with respect to Securities of a
particular series shall mean any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for
the period of time, if any, therein designated.

Global Security: The term "Global Security" shall mean, with respect to any
series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and authenticated and
delivered by the Trustee to the Depository or pursuant to the Depository's
written instruction (if acceptable to the Trustee) held by the Trustee as
custodian for the Depository, all in accordance with this Indenture, which shall
be registered in the name of the Depository or its nominee.

Governmental Obligations: The term, "Governmental Obligations" shall mean
securities that are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America for
the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of
a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality
of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally
guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of
America, which, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of
the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank
(as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) as
custodian with respect to any such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment
of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such
custodian for the account of the holder of such depository receipt; provided
that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any
deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from
any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation
or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental
Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

                                       2
<PAGE>

Indenture: The term "Indenture" shall mean this instrument as originally
executed, or, if amended or supplemented as herein provided, as so amended or
supplemented.

Interest payment date: The term "interest payment date" when used with respect
to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series shall mean
the date specified in such Security or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture
supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an
installment of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and
payable.

Officers' Certificate: The term "Officers' Certificate" shall mean a certificate
signed by the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant
Treasurer or the Controller or an Assistant Controller or the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary of the Company. Each such certificate shall include the
statements provided for in Section 13.06, if and to the extent required by the
provisions thereof.

Opinion of Counsel: The term "Opinion of Counsel" shall mean an opinion in
writing signed by legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the
Company. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section
13.06, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.

Outstanding: The term "outstanding", when used with reference to Securities of
any series, shall, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, mean, as of any
particular time, all Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and
delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore
cancelled by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any
paying agent for cancellation or which have previously been cancelled; (b)
Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or
Governmental Obligations in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in
trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or
shall have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company
shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however, that if such Securities
or portions of such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof,
notice of such redemption shall have been given as in Article Three provided, or
provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such
notice; and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other
Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of
Section 2.07.

Predecessor Security: The term "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security
shall mean every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt
as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this
definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in lieu
of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same
debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.

Responsible officer: The term "responsible officer" when used with respect to
the Trustee shall mean the chairman of the board of directors, the president,
any vice president, the secretary, the treasurer, any trust officer, any
corporate trust officer or any other officer or assistant officer of the Trustee
customarily performing functions similar to those performed by the persons who
at the time shall be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust
matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the
particular subject.

Security or Securities: The term "Security" or "Securities" shall mean any
Security or Securities, as the case may be, authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture.

Securityholder: The term "Securityholder", "holder of Securities", "registered
holder", or other similar term, shall mean the person or persons in whose name
or names a particular Security shall be registered on the books of the Company
kept for that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.

Subsidiary: The term "Subsidiary" shall mean any corporation at least a majority
of whose outstanding voting stock shall at the time be owned by the Company or
by one or more Subsidiaries or by the Company and one or more Subsidiaries. For
the purposes only of this definition of the term "Subsidiary", the term "voting
stock", as applied to the stock of any corporation, shall mean stock of any
class or classes having ordinary voting power for the election of a majority of
the directors of such corporation, other than stock having such power only by
reason of the occurrence of a contingency.

                                       3
<PAGE>

Trustee: The term "Trustee" shall mean JPMorgan Chase Bank and, subject to the
provisions of Article Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns, and,
if at any time there is more than one person acting in such capacity hereunder,
"Trustee" shall mean each such person. The term "Trustee" as used with respect
to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to
that series.

Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended: The term "Trust Indenture Act of 1939,
as amended," subject to the provisions of Sections 9.01, 9.02, and 10.01, shall
mean the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended and in effect at the date of
execution of this Indenture.

                                   ARTICLE TWO
                      Issue, Description, Terms, Execution,
                     Registration and Exchange of Securities

       SECTION 2.01. The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

       The Securities may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate
principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, prior to the initial issuance of Securities of a particular
series. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series, there shall
be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an
Officers' Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental
hereto:

       (1)    the title of the  Securities  of the series  (which shall
              distinguish the Securities of the series from all other
              Securities);

       (2)    any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
              that series which may be authenticated and delivered under this
              Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon
              registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of,
              other Securities of that series);

       (3)    the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of
              the series is payable;

       (4)    the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear
              interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if
              any, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the
              interest payment dates on which such interest shall be payable or
              the manner of determination of such interest payment dates;

       (5)    the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which
              and the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series
              may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the
              Company;

       (6)    the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase
              Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
              provisions (including payments made in cash in anticipation of
              future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of a holder
              thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or
              prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which,
              Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole
              or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

       (7)    the form of the Securities of the series including the form of the
              Certificate of Authentication for such series;

       (8)    if other than denominations of $1,000 or any integral multiple
              thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the series
              shall be issuable;

       (9)    whether the Securities of the series are issuable as a Global
              Security and, in such case, the identity of the Depository for
              such series; and

                                       4
<PAGE>

       (10)   any and all other terms with respect to such series (which terms
              shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture).

       All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except
as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any
such Board Resolution or in any indentures supplemental hereto.

       If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken
pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action
shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers'
Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.

       SECTION 2.02. The Securities of any series and the Trustee's Certificate
of Authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the
tenor and purport as set forth in one or more indentures supplemental hereto or
as provided in a Board Resolution and as set forth in an Officers' Certificate,
and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or
designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved
thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the
provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law or
with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation
of any stock exchange on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to
conform to usage.

       SECTION 2.03. The Securities shall be issuable as registered Securities
and in the denominations of $1,000 or any multiple thereof, subject to Section
2.01(8). The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on
the dates and at the rate specified with respect to that series. The principal
of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any premium
thereon in case of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be payable in the
coin or currency of the United States of America which at the time is legal
tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the Company
maintained for that purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of
New York. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Interest
on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of
twelve 30-day months; provided that interest on Securities bearing interest of a
floating rate shall be computed on the basis of a year of 365 or 366 days, as
appropriate, for the actual number of days elapsed.

       The interest installment on any Security which is payable, and is
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any interest payment date for
Securities of that series shall be paid to the person in whose name said
Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of
business on the regular record date for such interest installment. In the event
that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is called for
redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with
respect to any interest payment date and prior to such interest payment date,
interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such
Security as provided in Section 3.03.

       Any interest on any Security which is payable, but is not punctually paid
or duly provided for, on any interest payment date for Securities of the same
series (herein called "Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable
to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date by virtue of having
been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at
its election, as provided in clause (1) or clause (2) below:

       (1)    The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on
              Securities to the persons in whose names such Securities (or their
              respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of
              business on a special record date for the payment of such
              Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner:
              the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of
              Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such Security and
              the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company
              shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the
              aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted
              Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
              for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such
              money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the
              persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause
              provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special record date
              for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more
              than 15 or less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed
              payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee
              of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly
              notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name
              and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the
              proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record
              date therefor to be mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each
              Securityholder at his or her address as it appears in the Security
              Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than 10 days prior to
              such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such
              Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor having
              been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to
              the persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective
              Predecessor Securities) are registered on such special record date
              and shall be no longer payable pursuant to the following
              clause (2).

                                       5
<PAGE>

       (2)    The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any
              Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the
              requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities
              may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such
              exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of
              the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of
              payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

       Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution or one or more
indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of
Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the term "regular record date" as
used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities with respect to any
interest payment date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the
month immediately preceding the month in which an interest payment date
established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such
interest payment date is the first day of a month, or the first day of the month
in which an interest payment date established for such series pursuant to
Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such interest payment date is the fifteenth
day of a month, whether or not such date is a business day.

       Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security of a
series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in
lieu of any other Security of such series shall carry the rights to interest
accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

       SECTION 2.04. The Securities shall, subject to the provisions of Section
2.06, be printed on steel engraved borders or fully or partially engraved, or
legibly typed, as the proper officers of the Company may determine, and shall be
signed on behalf of the Company by its President or one of its Vice Presidents,
under its corporate seal attested by its Secretary or one of its Assistant
Secretaries. The signature of the President or a Vice President and/or the
signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary in attestation of the
corporate seal, upon the Securities, may be in the form of a facsimile signature
of a present or any future President or Vice President and of a present or any
future Secretary or Assistant Secretary and may be imprinted or otherwise
reproduced on the Securities and for that purpose the Company may use the
facsimile signature of any person who shall have been a President or Vice
President, or of any person who shall have been a Secretary or Assistant
Secretary, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be
authenticated and delivered or disposed of such person shall have ceased to be
the President or a Vice President, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary,
of the Company, as the case may be. The seal of the Company may be in the form
of a facsimile of the seal of the Company and may be impressed, affixed,
imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities.

       Only such Securities as shall bear thereon a certificate of
authentication substantially in the form established for such Securities,
executed manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by any
Authenticating Agent with respect to such Securities, shall be entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose. Such
certificate executed by the Trustee, or by any Authenticating Agent appointed by
the Trustee with respect to such Securities, upon any Security executed by the
Company shall be conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has been
duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture.

       At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of
this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the
Company for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by its
President or any Vice President and its Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer,
and the Trustee in accordance with such written order shall authenticate and
deliver such Securities.

                                       6
<PAGE>

       In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional
responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the
Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be
fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and
terms thereof have been established in conformity with the provisions of this
Indenture and that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee, will be duly authorized, executed and delivered and will constitute the
legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against it in
accordance with their terms.

         The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if
the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the
Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this
Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the
Trustee.

       SECTION 2.05. (a) Securities of any series may be exchanged upon
presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such
purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, for other
Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate
principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section. In
respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall
execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver
in exchange therefor the Security or Securities of the same series which the
Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers
not contemporaneously outstanding.

       (b) The Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or agency
designated for such purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of
New York, or such other location designated by the Company a register or
registers (herein referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject to
such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register the
Securities and the transfers of Securities as in this Article provided and which
at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the Trustee. The
registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities
as herein provided shall be appointed by the Board of Directors by Board
Resolution (the "Security Registrar").

       Upon surrender for transfer of any Security at the office or agency of
the Company designated for such purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City
and State of New York, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate
and such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or
transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series as the Security
presented for a like aggregate principal amount.

       All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange or registration of
transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by
the Company or the Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of
transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly
executed by the registered holder or by his duly authorized attorney in writing.

       (c) No service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of
transfer of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption
of any series, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges
pursuant to Section 2.06, the second paragraph of Section 3.03 and Section 9.04
not involving any transfer.

       (d) The Company shall not be required (a) to issue, exchange or register
the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of
business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less
than all the outstanding Securities of the same series and ending at the close
of business on the day of such mailing, nor (b) to register the transfer of or
exchange any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption.

       The provisions of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any Global
Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.

       SECTION 2.06. Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any
series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver,
temporary Securities (printed, lithographed or typewritten) of any authorized
denomination, and substantially in the form of the definitive Securities in lieu
of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as
may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all as may be determined by the
Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company
and be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in
substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive
Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute
and will furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon any or all
temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor
(without charge to the holders), at the office or agency of the Company
designated for the purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of
New York, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall
deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal
amount of definitive Securities of such series. Until so exchanged, the
temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under
this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated and
delivered hereunder.

                                       7
<PAGE>

       SECTION 2.07. In case any temporary or definitive Security shall become
mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next
succeeding sentence) shall execute, and upon its request the Trustee (subject as
aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series
bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution
for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security
so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted
Security shall furnish to the Company and to the Trustee such security or
indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in
every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to
the Company and to the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the
destruction, loss or theft of the applicant's Security and of the ownership
thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver
the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer of the
Company. Upon the issue of any substituted Security, the Company may require the
payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that
may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees
and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. In case any Security which has
matured or is about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or
stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or
authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case
of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment shall furnish to the
Company and to the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to
save them harmless, and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the
satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of
such Security and of the ownership thereof.

       Every Security issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section in
substitution for any Security which is mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen
shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or
not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found at any
time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of
this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of
the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall be held and owned
upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with
respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen
Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights
or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to
the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable
instruments or other securities without their surrender.

       SECTION 2.08. All Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment,
redemption, exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the
Company or any paying agent, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, or,
if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall
be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of
the provisions of this Indenture. On request of the Company, the Trustee shall
deliver to the Company cancelled Securities held by the Trustee. In the absence
of such request the Trustee may dispose of cancelled Securities in accordance
with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of destruction to the
Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however,
such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the
indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

       SECTION 2.09. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or
implied, shall give or be construed to give to any person, firm or corporation,
other than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities, any legal or
equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under
any covenant, condition or provision herein contained; all such covenants,
conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and
of the holders of the Securities.

                                       8
<PAGE>

       SECTION 2.10. So long as any of the Securities of any series remain
outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of
Securities which the Trustee shall have the right to appoint. Said
Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to
authenticate Securities of such series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial
redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as
if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. All references in this Indenture to
the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include
authentication by an Authenticating Agent for such series except for
authentication upon original issuance or pursuant to Section 2.07 hereof. Each
Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a
corporation which has a combined capital and surplus, as most recently reported
or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which
it is organized or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business,
and which is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such business and
is subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authorities. If at
any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with
these provisions, it shall resign immediately.

       Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign by giving written notice
of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time
(and upon request by the Company shall) terminate the agency of any
Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or
cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an
eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor
Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become
vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if
originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto.

         SECTION 2.11. (a) If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section
2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global
Security, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance
with Section 2.04, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security which (i) shall
represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate
principal amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities of such series, (ii)
shall be registered in the name of the Depository or its nominee, (iii) shall be
delivered by the Trustee to the Depository or pursuant to the Depository's
written instruction or (if acceptable to the Trustee) held by the Trustee as
custodian for the Depository, and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the
following effect: 'Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the
Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to
another nominee of the Depository or to a successor Depository or to a nominee
of such successor Depository'.

       (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.05, the Global Security
of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner
provided in Section 2.05, only to another nominee of the Depository for such
series, or to a successor Depository for such series selected or approved by the
Company or to a nominee of such successor Depository.

       (c) If at any time the Depository for a series of Securities notifies the
Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depository for such series
or if at any time the Depository for such series shall no longer be registered
or in good standing under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or
other applicable statute or regulation and a successor Depository for such
series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives
such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, this Section
2.11 shall no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the
Company will execute, and subject to Section 2.05, the Trustee will authenticate
and deliver, Securities of such series in definitive registered form without
coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal
to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for
such Global Securities. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that
the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global Security
and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the
Securities of such series. In such event the Company will execute and subject to
Section 2.05, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers' Certificate evidencing
such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver Securities of
such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized
denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global
Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in
definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the
Global Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive
registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this
Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in such names and in such authorized
denominations as the Depository, pursuant to instructions from its direct or
indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee
shall deliver such Securities to the Depository for delivery to the persons in
whose names such Securities are so registered.

                                       9
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE THREE
              Redemption of Securities and Sinking Fund Provisions

       SECTION 3.01. The Company may redeem the Securities of any series issued
hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established
for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.

       SECTION 3.02. (a) In case the Company shall desire to exercise such right
to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series
in accordance with the right reserved so to do, it shall give notice of such
redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by
mailing, first class postage prepaid, a notice of such redemption not less than
30 days and not more than 60 days before the date fixed for redemption of that
series to such holders at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the
Security Register. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided
shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the
registered holder receives the notice. In any case, failure duly to give such
notice to the holder of any Security of any series designated for redemption in
whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not affect the validity of
the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities of such series or any
other series. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the
expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such
Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee
with an Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance with any such restriction.

       Each such notice of redemption shall specify the date fixed for
redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be
redeemed, and shall state that payment of the redemption price of such
Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company in
the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, upon presentation and
surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for
redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said
date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption is for a sinking
fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be
redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed
in whole or in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed.
In case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice which relates to
such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be
redeemed, and shall state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender
of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal
amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.

       (b) If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the
Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days' notice in advance of the date
fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of the
series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in such
other manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion and which
may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal to $1,000 or any
multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination
larger than $1,000, the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly
notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed,
in whole or in part.

       The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of
instructions signed on its behalf by its President or any Vice President,
instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the
Securities of a particular series for redemption and to give notice of
redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the
name of and at the expense of the Company. In any case in which notice of
redemption is to be given by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company
shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee
or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books
or other records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable
the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required
under the provisions of this Section.

       SECTION 3.03. (a) If the giving of notice of redemption shall have been
completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the
series to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on
the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption
price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and
interest on such Securities or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue on
and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the
payment of such redemption price and accrued interest with respect to any such
Security or portion thereof. On presentation and surrender of such Securities on
or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the
notice, said Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption
price for such series, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed
for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an interest payment
date, the interest installment payable on such date shall be payable to the
registered holder at the close of business on the applicable record date
pursuant to Section 2.03).

                                       10
<PAGE>

       (b) Upon presentation of any Security of such series which is to be
redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall
deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security or
Securities of the same series, of authorized denominations in principal amount
equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.

       SECTION 3.04. The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06 shall be
applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series,
except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.01 for Securities of
such series.

       The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms
of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund
payment", and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional sinking
fund payment". If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the
cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided
in Section 3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of
Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such
series.

       SECTION 3.05. The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a
series (other than any previously called for redemption) and (2) may apply as a
credit Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of
the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application
of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such
Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund
payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made
pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such
series; provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such
Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the
redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation
of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

       SECTION 3.06. Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment
date for any series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an
Officers' Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund
payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion
thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities
of that series pursuant to Section 3.05 and the basis for such credit and will
also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30
days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the
Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner
specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given
in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in
Section 3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such
Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section
3.03.

                                       11
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE FOUR
                       Particular Covenants of the Company

       The Company covenants and agrees for each series of the Securities as
follows:

       SECTION 4.01. The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be
paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of
that series at the time and place and in the manner provided herein and
established with respect to such Securities.

       SECTION 4.02. So long as any series of the Securities remain outstanding,
the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City and State of New York, with respect to each such series and at such
other location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section
4.02, where (i) Securities of that series may be presented for payment, (ii)
Securities of that series may be presented as hereinabove authorized for
registration of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon
the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may
be given or served. As to such office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the
City and State of New York, the Company shall, designate the required office or
agency to be located in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New
York, for each Series of Securities, such designation to continue with respect
to such office or agency until the Company shall, by written notice signed by
its President or a Vice President and delivered to the Trustee, designate some
other office or agency for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the
Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail
to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and
demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and
the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such
presentations, notices and demands.

       SECTION 4.03. (a) If the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents
for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company
will cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an
instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the
provisions of this Section,

       (1)    that it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the
              payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on
              the Securities of that series (whether such sums have been paid to
              it by the Company or by any other obligor on such securities) in
              trust for the benefit of the persons entitled thereto;

       (2)    that it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company
              (or by any other obligor on such Securities) to make any payment
              of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the
              Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;

       (3)    that it will, at any time during the continuance of any failure
              referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the
              written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all
              sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and

       (4)    that it will perform all other duties of paying agent as set forth
              in this Indenture.

The Company initially appoints the First Union National Bank, or its successor
by merger, as paying agent. At any time prior to the occurrence of an Event of
Default and during a period when the Company has appointed a paying agent other
than the Trustee, all references to payments of funds under the Indenture shall
mean payments to be made by such paying agent.

       (b) If the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect to any
series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the principal of
(and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside,
segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the persons entitled thereto a
sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so
becoming due on Securities of that series until such sums shall be paid to such
persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the
Trustee of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such
Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have one or more
paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of
the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that
series, deposit with a paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and
premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for
the benefit of the persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and
(unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the
Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

                                       12
<PAGE>

       (c) Anything in this Section to the contrary notwithstanding, (i) the
agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the
provisions of Section 11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the
purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any
other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums
held in trust by the Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the
Trustee upon the same terms as those upon which such sums were held by the
Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by any paying agent to the
Trustee, such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with
respect to such money.

       SECTION 4.04. The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy
in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10,
a Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder.

       SECTION 4.05. The Company will not, while any of the Securities remain
outstanding, create, or suffer to be created or to exist, any mortgage, lien,
pledge, security interest or other encumbrance of any kind upon any property of
any character of the Company whether now owned or hereafter acquired or upon any
of the income or profits therefrom unless it shall make effective provision
whereby the Securities then outstanding shall be secured by such mortgage, lien,
pledge, security interest or other encumbrance equally and ratably with any and
all obligations and indebtedness thereby secured so long as any such obligations
and indebtedness shall be so secured; provided, however, that nothing in this
Section shall be construed to prevent the Company from creating, or from
suffering to be created or to exist, any mortgages, liens, pledges, security
interests or other encumbrances, or any agreements, with respect to:

       (1)    Purchase money mortgages, or other purchase money liens, pledges
              or encumbrances of any kind upon property hereafter acquired by
              the Company, or mortgages, liens, pledges, security interests or
              other encumbrances of any kind existing on such property at the
              time of the acquisition thereof, or conditional sales agreements
              or other title retention agreements with respect to any property
              hereafter acquired; provided, however, that no such mortgage,
              lien, pledge, security interest or other encumbrance, and no such
              agreement, shall extend to or cover any other property of the
              Company;

       (2)    The replacement, extension or renewal of any such mortgage, lien,
              pledge, security interest or other encumbrance, or of any such
              agreement, permitted by the foregoing clause (1), or the
              replacement or renewal (without increase in principal amount or
              extension of final maturity date) of the indebtedness secured
              thereby;

       (3)    Liens for taxes or assessments or governmental charges or levies;
              pledges or deposits to secure obligations under worker's
              compensation laws or similar legislation; pledges or deposits to
              secure performance in connection with bids, tenders, contracts
              (other than contracts for the payment of money) or leases to which
              the Company is a party; deposits to secure public or statutory
              obligations of the Company; materialmen's, mechanics', carriers',
              workers', repairmen's or other like liens in the ordinary course
              of business, or deposits to obtain the release of such liens;
              deposits to secure surety and appeal bonds to which the Company is
              a party; other pledges or deposits for similar purposes in the
              ordinary course of business; liens created by or resulting from
              any litigation or legal proceeding which at the time is currently
              being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings; leases
              made, or existing on property acquired, in the ordinary course of
              business; landlord's liens under leases to which the Company is a
              party; zoning restrictions, easements, licenses, restrictions on
              the use of real property or minor irregularities in title thereto,
              which do not materially impair the use of such property in the
              operation of the business of the Company or the value of such
              property for the purpose of such business; or the lien of the
              Trustee described in Section 7.06 hereof; or

       (4)    Indebtedness assumed by the Company of the character specified in
              clause (a) of the second paragraph of Section 4.06 hereof.

                                       13
<PAGE>

       SECTION 4.06. The Company will not, while any of the Securities remain
outstanding, consolidate with, or merge into, or merge into itself, or sell or
convey all or substantially all of its property to, any other company unless the
provisions of Article Ten hereof are complied with.

       If upon any such consolidation or merger, or sale or conveyance, any of
the property of the Company owned by the Company prior thereto would thereupon
become subject to any mortgage, security interest, pledge or lien, the Company,
prior to such consolidation, merger, sale or conveyance, will secure the
outstanding Securities, or cause the same to be secured, equally and ratably
with the other indebtedness or obligations secured by such mortgage, security
interest, pledge or lien so long as such other indebtedness or obligations shall
be so secured; provided, however, that (a) the subjection of the property of the
Company to any mortgage, security interest, pledge or lien securing indebtedness
of an Affiliate which is required to be assumed by the Company in connection
with any merger or consolidation of such Affiliate shall be deemed excluded from
the operation of this Section and shall not require that any of the Securities
be secured; and (b) the subjection of property of the Company to any mortgage,
security interest, pledge or lien of the character referred to in clauses (1),
(2) and (3)of Section 4.05 shall be deemed excluded from the operation of this
Section and shall not require that any of the Securities be secured.

                                  ARTICLE FIVE
                Securityholders' Lists and Reports by the Company
                                 and the Trustee

       SECTION 5.01. The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the
Trustee (a) semi-annually, not more than 15 days after each regular record date
(as defined in Section 2.03) a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably
require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities
as of such regular record date and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may
request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such
request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days
prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, no such list need
be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall be the Security
Registrar.

       SECTION 5.02. (a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is
reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the
holders of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as
provided in Section 5.01 and as to the names and addresses of holders of
Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if
acting in such capacity).

       (b) The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in
Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

       (c) In case three or more holders of Securities of a series (hereinafter
referred to as "applicants") apply in writing to the Trustee, and furnish to the
Trustee reasonable proof that each such applicant has owned a Security for a
period of at least six months preceding the date of such application, and such
application states that the applicants desire to communicate with other holders
of Securities of such series or holders of all Securities with respect to their
rights under this Indenture or under such Securities, and is accompanied by a
copy of the form of proxy or other communication which such applicants propose
to transmit, then the Trustee shall, within five business days after the receipt
of such application, at its election, either

       (1)    afford to such applicants access to the information preserved at
              the time by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions of
              subsection (a) of this Section, or

                                       14
<PAGE>

       (2)    inform such applicants as to the approximate number of holders of
              Securities of such series or of all Securities, as the case may
              be, whose names and addresses appear in the information preserved
              at the time by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of
              subsection (a) of this Section, and as to the approximate cost of
              mailing to such Securityholders the form of proxy or other
              communication, if any, specified in such application.

       (d) If the Trustee shall elect not to afford such applicants access to
such information, the Trustee shall, upon the written request of such
applicants, mail to each holder of such series or of all Securities, as the case
may be, whose name and address appears in the information preserved at the time
by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this
Section, a copy of the form of proxy or other communication which is specified
in such request, with reasonable promptness after a tender to the Trustee of the
material to be mailed and of payment, or provision for the payment, of the
reasonable expenses of mailing, unless within five days after such tender, the
Trustee shall mail to such applicants and file with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, together with a copy of the material to be mailed, a written
statement to the effect that, in the opinion of the Trustee, such mailing would
be contrary to the best interests of the holders of Securities of such series or
of all Securities, as the case may be, or would be in violation of applicable
law. Such written statement shall specify the basis of such opinion. If said
Commission, after opportunity for a hearing upon the objections specified in the
written statement so filed, shall enter an order refusing to sustain any of such
objections or if, after the entry of an order sustaining one or more of such
objections, said Commission shall find, after notice and opportunity for
hearing, that all the objections so sustained have been met and shall enter an
order so declaring, the Trustee shall mail copies of such material to all such
Securityholders with reasonable promptness after the entry of such order and the
renewal of such tender; otherwise the Trustee shall be relieved of any
obligation or duty to such applicants respecting their application.

       (e) Each and every holder of the Securities, by receiving and holding the
same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the
Trustee nor any paying agent nor any Security Registrar shall be held
accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names
and addresses of the holders of Securities in accordance with the provisions of
subsection (b) of this Section, regardless of the source from which such
information was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by
reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under said subsection
(b).

       SECTION 5.03. (a) The Company covenants and agrees to file with the
Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is required to file the same with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the
information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of
the foregoing as said Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations
prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with said Commission
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended; or, if the Company is not required to file information, documents or
reports pursuant to either of such sections, then to file with the Trustee and
said Commission, in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed from
time to time by said Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic
information, documents and reports which may be required pursuant to Section 13
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in respect of a security
listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed
from time to time in such rules and regulations.

       (b) The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee and the
Securities and Exchange Commission, in accordance with the rules and regulations
prescribed from time to time by said Commission, such additional information,
documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company with the
conditions and covenants provided for in this Indenture as may be required from
time to time by such rules and regulations.

       (c) The Company covenants and agrees to transmit by mail, first class
postage prepaid, or reputable over-night delivery service which provides for
evidence of receipt, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear
upon the Security Register, within 30 days after the filing thereof with the
Trustee, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be
filed by the Company pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this Section as may
be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
Securities and Exchange Commission.

       (d) The Company covenants and agrees to furnish to the Trustee, on or
before May 15 in each calendar year in which any of the Securities are
outstanding, or on or before such other day in each calendar year as the Company
and the Trustee may from time to time agree upon, a certificate from the
principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting
officer as to his or her knowledge of the Company's compliance with all
conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this subsection
(d), such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace
or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture.

                                       15
<PAGE>

       SECTION 5.04. (a) On or before July 15 in each year in which any
Securities are outstanding hereunder, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first
class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses
appear upon the Security Register, a brief report dated as of the preceding May
15, with respect to any of the following events which may have occurred within
the previous twelve months (but if no such event has occurred within such period
no report need be transmitted):

       (1)    any change to its eligibility under Section 7.09, and its
              qualifications under Section 7.08;

       (2)    the creation of or any material change to a relationship specified
              in paragraphs (1) through (10) of subsection (c) of Section 7.08;

       (3)    the character and amount of any advances (and if the Trustee
              elects so to state, the circumstances surrounding the making
              thereof) made by the Trustee (as such) which remain unpaid on the
              date of such report, and for the reimbursement of which it claims
              or may claim a lien or charge, prior to that of the Securities, on
              any property or funds held or collected by it as Trustee if such
              advances so remaining unpaid aggregate more than 1/2 of 1% of the
              principal amount of the Securities outstanding on the date of such
              report;

       (4)    any change to the amount, interest rate, and maturity date of all
              other indebtedness owing by the Company, or by any other obligor
              on the Securities, to the Trustee in its individual capacity, on
              the date of such report, with a brief description of any property
              held as collateral security therefor, except any indebtedness
              based upon a creditor relationship arising in any manner described
              in paragraphs (2), (3), (4), or (6) of subsection (b) of Section
              7.13;

       (5)    any change to the property and funds, if any, physically in the
              possession of the Trustee as such on the date of such report;

       (6)    any release, or release and substitution, of property subject to
              the lien of this Indenture (and the consideration thereof, if any)
              which it has not previously reported;

       (7)    any additional issue of Securities which the Trustee has not
              previously reported; and

       (8)    any action taken by the Trustee in the performance of its duties
              under this Indenture which it has not previously reported and
              which in its opinion materially affects the Securities or the
              Securities of any series, except any action in respect of a
              default, notice of which has been or is to be withheld by it in
              accordance with the provisions of Section 6.07.

       (b) The Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, to
the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security
Register, a brief report with respect to the character and amount of any
advances (and if the Trustee elects so to state, the circumstances surrounding
the making thereof) made by the Trustee as such since the date of the last
report transmitted pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of this Section
(or if no such report has yet been so transmitted, since the date of execution
of this Indenture), for the reimbursement of which it claims or may claim a lien
or charge prior to that of the Securities of any series on property or funds
held or collected by it as Trustee, and which it has not previously reported
pursuant to this subsection if such advances remaining unpaid at any time
aggregate more than 10% of the principal amount of Securities of such series
outstanding at such time, such report to be transmitted within 90 days after
such time.

       (c) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to
Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each stock
exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee
when any Securities become listed on any stock exchange.

                                       16
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE SIX
                   Remedies of the Trustee and Securityholders
                               on Event of Default

       SECTION 6.01. (a) Whenever used herein with respect to Securities of a
particular series, "Event of Default" means any one or more of the following
events which has occurred and is continuing:

       (1)    default in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of
              the Securities of that series, as and when the same shall become
              due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of
              30 business days;

       (2)    default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any,
              on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same
              shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption,
              by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any
              sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series;

       (3)    failure on the part of the Company duly to observe or perform any
              other of the covenants or agreements on the part of the Company
              with respect to that series contained in such Securities or
              otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities
              pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof or contained in this Indenture
              (other than a covenant or agreement which has been expressly
              included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more
              series of Securities other than such series) for a period of 90
              days after the date on which written notice of such failure,
              requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such notice is
              a "Notice of Default" hereunder, shall have been given to the
              Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified mail, or to the
              Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in
              principal amount of the Securities of that series at the time
              outstanding;

       (4)    a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the premises
              shall have been entered adjudging the Company a bankrupt or
              insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking
              liquidation or reorganization of the Company under the Federal
              Bankruptcy Code or any other similar applicable Federal or State
              law, and such decree or order shall have continued unvacated and
              unstayed for a period of 90 days; or an involuntary case shall be
              commenced under such Code in respect of the Company and shall
              continue undismissed for a period of 90 days or an order for
              relief in such case shall have been entered; or a decree or order
              of a court having jurisdiction in the premises shall have been
              entered for the appointment on the ground of insolvency or
              bankruptcy of a receiver or custodian or liquidator or trustee or
              assignee in bankruptcy or insolvency of the Company or of its
              property, or for the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and
              such decree or order shall have remained in force unvacated and
              unstayed for a period of 90 days; or

       (5)    the Company shall institute proceedings to be adjudicated a
              voluntary bankrupt, or shall consent to the filing of a bankruptcy
              proceeding against it, or shall file a petition or answer or
              consent seeking liquidation or reorganization under the Federal
              Bankruptcy Code or any other similar applicable Federal or State
              law, or shall consent to the filing of any such petition, or shall
              consent to the appointment on the ground of insolvency or
              bankruptcy of a receiver or custodian or liquidator or trustee or
              assignee in bankruptcy or insolvency of it or of its property, or
              shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors.

       (b) In each and every such case, unless the principal of all the
Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the
Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of that series then outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to
the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare
the principal of all the Securities of that series to be due and payable
immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be
immediately due and payable, anything contained in this Indenture or in the
Securities of that series or established with respect to that series pursuant to
Section 2.01 hereof to the contrary notwithstanding.

                                       17
<PAGE>

       (c) This provision, however, is subject to the condition that if, at any
time after the principal of the Securities of that series shall have been so
declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of
the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided, the
Company shall pay or shall deposit with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all
matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of that series and the
principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series
which shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest upon
such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is
enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue installments of interest, at the
rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to the date of such
payment or deposit) and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06,
and any and all defaults under the Indenture, other than the nonpayment of
principal on Securities of that series which shall not have become due by their
terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.06 then and
in every such case the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of that series then outstanding, by written notice to the Company
and to the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences;
but no such rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any
subsequent default, or shall impair any right consequent thereon.

       (d) In case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right with
respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings
shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or
annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to the
Trustee, then and in every such case the Company and the Trustee shall be
restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all
rights, remedies and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall continue as
though no such proceedings had been taken.

       SECTION 6.02. (a) The Company covenants that (1) in case default shall be
made in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a
series, or any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established
with respect to that series as and when the same shall become due and payable,
and such default shall have continued for a period of 30 business days, or (2)
in case default shall be made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if
any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due
and payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon
redemption or upon declaration or otherwise--then, upon demand of the Trustee,
the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the
Securities of that series, the whole amount that then shall have become due and
payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest,
or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the overdue principal (and
premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable
under applicable law) upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per
annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such
further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of
collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06.

       (b) In case the Company shall fail forthwith to pay such amounts upon
such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust,
shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or
in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute
any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any
such judgment or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon the
Securities of that series and collect in the manner provided by law out of the
property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series
wherever situated the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable.

       (c) In case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy,
reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or other judicial
proceedings affecting the Company, any other obligor on such Securities, or the
creditors or property of either, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in
such proceedings and take any action therein that may be permitted by the court
and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such
proofs of claim and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable
in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the holders of Securities of
such series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company or such
other obligor under the Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings
and for any additional amount which may become due and payable by the Company or
such other obligor after such date, and to collect and receive any moneys or
other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the
same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section
7.06; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is
hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make
such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent
to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders, to pay to the
Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.06.

                                       18
<PAGE>

       (d) All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or
under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that series,
may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities,
or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and
any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its
own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall,
after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section
7.06, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such
series.

       In case of an Event of Default hereunder the Trustee may in its
discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this
Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem
most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in
equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of
any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise
of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or
equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.

       Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any
plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the
Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize
the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such
proceeding.

       SECTION 6.03. Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to Section
6.02 with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the
order following, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the
distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or
interest, upon presentation of the several Securities of that series, and
stamping thereon the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof
if fully paid:

       FIRST:       To the payment of costs and expenses of collection and of
                    all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06;

       SECOND:      To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon
                    Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if
                    any) and interest, in respect of which or for the benefit of
                    which such money has been collected, ratably, without
                    preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts
                    due and payable on such Securities for principal (and
                    premium, if any) and interest, respectively.

       SECTION 6.04. No holder of any Security of any series shall have any
right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute
any suit, action or proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect
to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any
other remedy hereunder, unless such holder previously shall have given to the
Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof
with respect to Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as
hereinbefore provided, and unless also the holders of not less than 25% in
aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then outstanding
shall have made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit
or proceeding in its own name as trustee hereunder and shall have offered to the
Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses
and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby, and the Trustee for 60 days
after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall have
failed to institute any such action, suit or proceeding; it being understood and
intended, and being expressly covenanted by the taker and holder of every
Security of such series with every other such taker and holder and the Trustee,
that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in
any manner whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this
Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other
of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference
to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except
in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of
all holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of
the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee
shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.

                                       19
<PAGE>

       Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, however, the
right of any holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after
the respective due dates expressed in such Security (or in the case of
redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of
any such payment on or after such respective dates or redemption date, shall not
be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder.

       SECTION 6.05. (a) All powers and remedies given by this Article to the
Trustee or to the Securityholders shall, to the extent permitted by law, be
deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any others thereof or of any other powers
and remedies available to the Trustee or the holders of the Securities, by
judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of
the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise
established with respect to such Securities.

       (b) No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the
Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default
occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or
shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or an acquiescence
therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every power and remedy
given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Securityholders may be
exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the
Trustee or by the Securityholders.

       SECTION 6.06. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of any series at the time outstanding, determined in accordance
with Section 8.04, shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series;
provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of
law or with this Indenture or unduly prejudicial to the rights of holders of
Securities of any other series at the time outstanding determined in accordance
with Section 8.04, not parties thereto. Subject to the provisions of Section
7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction
if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a responsible officer or officers of the
Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in
personal liability. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of any series at the time outstanding, determined in accordance
with Section 8.04, may on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of that
series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants
contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.01 with respect to such
series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal
of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as
and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities or a call for
redemption of Securities of that series. Upon any such waiver, the default
covered thereby shall be deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture
and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of that series
shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively;
but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any
right consequent thereon.

       SECTION 6.07. The Trustee shall, within 90 days after the occurrence of a
default with respect to a particular series, transmit by mail, first class
postage prepaid, to the holders of Securities of that series, as their names and
addresses appear upon the Security Register, notice of all defaults with respect
to that series known to the Trustee, unless such defaults shall have been cured
before the giving of such notice (the term "defaults" for the purposes of this
Section being hereby defined to be the events specified in subsections (1), (2),
(3), (4) and (5) of Section 6.01(a), not including any periods of grace provided
for therein and irrespective of the giving of notice provided for by subsection
(3) of Section 6.01(a)); provided, that, except in the case of default in the
payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any of the
Securities of that series or in the payment of any sinking fund installment
established with respect to that series, the Trustee shall be protected in
withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive
committee, or a trust committee of directors and/or responsible officers, of the
Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the
interests of the Securityholders of Securities of that series; provided further,
that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section 6.01(a)(3)
with respect to Securities of such series no such notice to the holders of the
Securities of that series shall be given until at least 30 days after the
occurrence thereof.

       The Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any default, except
(i) a default under subsections (a)(1) or (a)(2) of Section 6.01 as long as the
Trustee is acting as paying agent for such series of Securities or (ii) any
default as to which the Trustee shall have received written notice or a
responsible officer charged with the administration of this Indenture shall have
obtained actual knowledge.

                                       20
<PAGE>

       SECTION 6.08. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each holder of any
Securities by his or her acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that
any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any
right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any
action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in
such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court
may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys'
fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits
and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the
provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of
Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the
outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any
Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or
premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the
respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this
Indenture.

                                  ARTICLE SEVEN
                             Concerning the Trustee

       SECTION 7.01. (a) The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of
Default with respect to Securities of a series and after the curing of all
Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series which may have
occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to Securities of such series
such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this
Indenture, and no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture against
the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to Securities of a series
has occurred (which has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise
with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested
in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their
exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the
conduct of his own affairs.

       (b) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the
Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure
to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that

       (1)    prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to
              Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such
              Events of Default with respect to that series which may have
              occurred:

              (i)   the duties and obligations of the Trustee shall with respect
                    to Securities of such series be determined solely by the
                    express provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall
                    not be liable with respect to Securities of such series
                    except for the performance of such duties and obligations as
                    are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied
                    covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture
                    against the Trustee; and

              (ii)  in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the
                    Trustee may with respect to Securities of such series
                    conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the
                    correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any
                    certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and
                    conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the
                    case of any such certificates or opinions which by any
                    provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished
                    to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine
                    the same to determine whether or not they conform to the
                    requirements of this Indenture;

       (2)    the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in
              good faith by a responsible officer or responsible officers of the
              Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent
              in ascertaining the pertinent facts;

       (3)    the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken
              or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
              direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal
              amount of the Securities of any series at the time outstanding
              relating to the time, method and place of conducting any
              proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
              any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture
              with respect to the Securities of that series; and

       (4)    None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require
              the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur
              personal financial liability in the performance of any of its
              duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if there
              is reasonable ground for believing that the repayment of such
              funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms
              of this Indenture or adequate indemnity against such risk is not
              reasonably assured to it.

                                       21
<PAGE>

       SECTION 7.02.   Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:

       (a) The Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining
from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion,
report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper
or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by
the proper party or parties;

       (b) Any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned
herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument
signed in the name of the Company by the President or any Vice President and by
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or an Assistant
Treasurer (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed
herein);

       (c) The Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such
counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in
good faith and in reliance thereon;

       (d) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or
direction of any of the Securityholders, pursuant to the provisions of this
Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee
reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities
which may be incurred therein or thereby; nothing herein contained shall,
however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event
of Default with respect to a series of the Securities (which has not been cured
or waived) to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the
rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of
care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under
the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;

       (e) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be
taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the
discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

       (f) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the
facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or
other papers or documents, unless requested in writing so to do by the holders
of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of
the particular series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section 8.04);
provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee
of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making
of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured
to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture,
the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses or
liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every
such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall
be repaid by the Company upon demand; and

       (g) The Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it
hereunder.

       SECTION 7.03. (a) The recitals contained herein and in the Securities
(other than the Certificate of Authentication on the Securities) shall be taken
as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for
the correctness of the same.

       (b) The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or
sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.

       (c) The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by
the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities, or
for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance
with any provision of this Indenture or established pursuant to Section 2.01, or
for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than
the Trustee.

                                       22
<PAGE>

       SECTION 7.04. The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar, in
its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of
Securities with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, paying
agent or Security Registrar.

       SECTION 7.05. Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, all moneys
received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held
in trust for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee
shall be under no liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder
except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.

       SECTION 7.06. (a) The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee
from time to time, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, reasonable compensation
(which shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the
compensation of a trustee of an express trust) for all services rendered by it
in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the exercise and
performance of any of the powers and duties hereunder of the Trustee, and the
Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable
expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in
accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the
reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel
(including in-house counsel) and of all persons not regularly in its employ)
except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its
negligence or bad faith. The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee
(and its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless
against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith
on the part of the Trustee and arising out of or in connection with the
acceptance or administration of this trust, including the costs and expenses of
defending itself against any claim of liability in the premises.

       (b) The obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate and
indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for expenses,
disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder.
Such additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien prior to that of the
Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such,
except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular
Securities.

       (c) The parties hereto agree that any expenses that the Trustee incurs in
connection with Section 6.01(a)(4) and (a)(5) hereof are intended to constitute
expenses of administration in a bankruptcy proceeding.

       SECTION 7.07. Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01, whenever in
the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it
necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or
suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other
evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the
absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be
conclusively proved and established by an Officers' Certificate delivered to the
Trustee and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the
part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken,
suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture
upon the faith thereof.

       SECTION 7.08. (a) If the Trustee has or shall acquire any conflicting
interest, as defined in this Section, with respect to the Securities of any
series and if the Default to which such conflicting interest relates has not
been cured, duly waived or otherwise eliminated, within 90 days after
ascertaining that it has such conflicting interest, it shall either eliminate
such conflicting interest, except as otherwise provided herein, or resign with
respect to the Securities of that series in the manner and with the effect
specified in Section 7.10 and the Company shall promptly appoint a successor
Trustee in the manner provided herein.

       (b) In the event that the Trustee shall fail to comply with the
provisions of subsection (a) of this Section, with respect to the Securities of
any series the Trustee shall, within ten days after the expiration of such
90-day period, transmit notice of such failure by mail, first class postage
prepaid, to the Securityholders of that series as their names and addresses
appear upon the registration books.

       (c) For the purposes of this Section the Trustee shall be deemed to have
a conflicting interest with respect to the Securities of any series if a Default
has occurred and is continuing and:

                                       23
<PAGE>

           (1)    the Trustee is trustee under this Indenture with respect to
                  the outstanding Securities of any series other than that
                  series, or is trustee under another indenture under which any
                  other securities, or certificates of interest or participation
                  in any other securities, of the Company are outstanding,
                  unless such other indenture is a collateral trust indenture
                  under which the only collateral consists of Securities issued
                  under this Indenture; provided that there shall be excluded
                  from the operation of this paragraph the Securities of any
                  series other than that series and any other indenture or
                  indentures under which other securities, or certificates of
                  interest or participation in other securities, of the Company
                  are outstanding if (i) this Indenture and such other indenture
                  or indentures and all series of securities issuable thereunder
                  are wholly unsecured and rank equally and such other indenture
                  or indentures (and such series) are hereafter qualified under
                  the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, unless the
                  Securities and Exchange Commission shall have found and
                  declared by order pursuant to subsection (b) of Section 305 or
                  subsection (c) of Section 307 of the Trust Indenture Act of
                  1939, as amended, that differences exist between (A) the
                  provisions of this Indenture with respect to Securities of
                  that series and with respect to one or more other series or
                  (B) the provisions of this Indenture and the provisions of
                  such other indenture or indentures (or such series), which are
                  so likely to involve a material conflict of interest as to
                  make it necessary in the public interest or for the protection
                  of investors to disqualify the Trustee from acting as such
                  under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that
                  series and such other series or such other indenture or
                  indentures, or (ii) the Company shall have sustained the
                  burden of proving, on application to the Securities and
                  Exchange Commission and after opportunity for hearing thereon,
                  that the trusteeship under this Indenture with respect to
                  Securities of that series and such other series or such other
                  indenture or indentures is not so likely to involve a material
                  conflict of interest as to make it necessary in the public
                  interest or for the protection of investors to disqualify the
                  Trustee from acting as such under this Indenture with respect
                  to Securities of that series and such other series or under
                  such other indentures;

           (2)    the Trustee or any of its directors or executive officers is
                  an underwriter for the Company;

           (3)    the Trustee directly or indirectly controls or is directly or
                  indirectly controlled by or is under direct or indirect common
                  control with or an underwriter for the Company;

           (4)    the Trustee or any of its directors or executive officers is a
                  director, officer, partner, employee, appointee or
                  representative of the Company, or of an underwriter (other
                  than the Trustee itself) for the Company who is currently
                  engaged in the business of underwriting, except that (A) one
                  individual may be a director and/or an executive officer of
                  the Trustee and a director and/or an executive officer of the
                  Company, but may not be at the same time an executive officer
                  of both the Trustee and the Company; (B) if and so long as the
                  number of directors of the Trustee in office is more than
                  nine, one additional individual may be a director and/or an
                  executive officer of the Trustee and a director of the
                  Company; and (C) the Trustee may be designated by the Company
                  or by an underwriter for the Company to act in the capacity of
                  transfer agent, registrar, custodian, paying agent, fiscal
                  agent, escrow agent, or depository, or in any other similar
                  capacity, or, subject to the provisions of paragraph (1) of
                  this subsection (c), to act as trustee whether under an
                  indenture or otherwise;

           (5)    10% or more of the voting securities of the Trustee is
                  beneficially owned either by the Company or by any director,
                  partner, or executive officer thereof, or 20% or more of such
                  voting securities is beneficially owned, collectively, by any
                  two or more of such persons; or 10% or more of the voting
                  securities of the Trustee is beneficially owned either by an
                  underwriter for the Company or by any director, partner, or
                  executive officer thereof, or is beneficially owned,
                  collectively, by any two or more such persons;

           (6)    the Trustee is the beneficial owner of, or holds as collateral
                  security for an obligation which is in default (as hereinafter
                  in this subsection (c) defined), (A) 5% or more of the voting
                  securities, or 10% or more of any other class of security, of
                  the Company, not including the Securities issued under this
                  Indenture and securities issued under any other indenture
                  under which the Trustee is also trustee, or (B) 10% or more of
                  any class of security of an underwriter for the Company;

                                       24
<PAGE>

           (7)    the Trustee is the beneficial owner of, or holds as collateral
                  security for an obligation which is in default (as hereinafter
                  in this subsection (c) defined), 5% or more of the voting
                  securities of any person who, to the knowledge of the Trustee,
                  owns 10% or more of the voting securities of, or controls
                  directly or indirectly or is under direct or indirect common
                  control with, the Company;

           (8)    the Trustee is the beneficial owner of, or holds as collateral
                  security for an obligation which is in default (as hereinafter
                  in this subsection (c) defined), 10% or more of any class of
                  security of any person who, to the knowledge of the Trustee,
                  owns 50% or more of the voting securities of the Company;

           (9)    the Trustee owns, on the date of Default upon the Securities
                  of any series or any anniversary of such Default while such
                  Default upon the Securities issued under this Indenture
                  remains outstanding, in the capacity of executor,
                  administrator, testamentary or inter vivos trustee, guardian,
                  committee or conservator, or in any other similar capacity, an
                  aggregate of 25% or more of the voting securities, or of any
                  class of security, of any person, the beneficial ownership of
                  a specified percentage of which would have constituted a
                  conflicting interest under paragraph (6), (7), or (8) of this
                  subsection (c). As to any such securities of which the Trustee
                  acquired ownership through becoming executor, administrator or
                  testamentary trustee of an estate which include them, the
                  provisions of the preceding sentence shall not apply, for a
                  period of two years from the date of such acquisition, to the
                  extent that such securities included in such estate do not
                  exceed 25% of such voting securities or 25% of any such class
                  of security. Promptly after the dates of any such Default upon
                  the Securities issued under this Indenture and annually in
                  each succeeding year that the Securities issued under this
                  Indenture remain in Default, the Trustee shall make a check of
                  its holding of such securities in any of the above-mentioned
                  capacities as of such dates. If the Company fails to make
                  payment in full of principal of or interest on any of the
                  Securities when and as the same becomes due and payable, and
                  such failure continues for 30 days thereafter, the Trustee
                  shall make a prompt check of its holding of such securities in
                  any of the above-mentioned capacities as of the date of the
                  expiration of such 30-day period, and after such date,
                  notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this paragraph
                  (9), all such securities so held by the Trustee, with sole or
                  joint control over such securities vested in it, shall, but
                  only so long as such failure shall continue, be considered as
                  though beneficially owned by the Trustee for the purposes of
                  paragraphs (6), (7) and (8) of this subsection (c); or (10)
                  except under the circumstances described in paragraphs (1),
                  (3), (4), (5) or (6) of subsection (b) of Section 7.13 the
                  Trustee shall be or shall become a creditor of the Company.

       For purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection (c), and of Section
6.06, the term "series of Securities" or "series" means a series, class or group
of securities issuable under an indenture pursuant to whose terms holders of one
such series may vote to direct the indenture trustee, or otherwise take action
pursuant to a vote of such holders, separately from holders of another such
series; provided, that "series of securities" or "series" shall not include any
series of securities issuable under an indenture if all such series rank equally
and are wholly unsecured.

       The specification of percentages in paragraphs (5) to (9), inclusive, of
this subsection (c) shall not be construed as indicating that the ownership of
such percentages of the securities of a person is or is not necessary or
sufficient to constitute direct or indirect control for the purposes of
paragraph (3) or (7) of this subsection (c).

       For the purposes of paragraphs (6), (7), (8) and (9) of this subsection
(c) only, (A) the terms "security" and "securities" shall include only such
securities as are generally known as corporate securities, but shall not include
any note or other evidence of indebtedness issued to evidence an obligation to
repay moneys lent to a person by one or more banks, trust companies or banking
firms, or any certificate of interest or participation in any such note or
evidence of indebtedness; (B) an obligation shall be deemed to be in "default"
when a default in payment of principal shall have continued for 30 days or more
and shall not have been cured; and (C) the Trustee shall not be deemed to be the
owner or holder of (i) any security which it holds as collateral security (as
trustee or otherwise) for any obligation which is not in default as defined in
clause (B) above, or (ii) any security which it holds as collateral security
under this Indenture, irrespective of any Default hereunder, or (iii) any
security which it holds as agent for collection, or as custodian, escrow agent
or depositary, or in any similar representative capacity.

                                       25
<PAGE>

       Except as above provided, the word "security" or "securities" as used in
this Indenture shall mean any note, stock, treasury stock, bond, debenture,
evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any
profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, pre-organization
certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract,
voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional
undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, or, in general, any
interest or instrument commonly known as a "security", or any certificate of
interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for,
guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the
foregoing.

       (d)   For the purposes of this Section:

           (1)    The term "underwriter" when used with reference to the Company
                  shall mean every person, who, within one year prior to the
                  time as of which the determination is made, has purchased from
                  the Company with a view to, or has offered or sold for the
                  Company in connection with, the distribution of any security
                  of the Company outstanding at such time, or has participated
                  or has had a direct or indirect participation in any such
                  undertaking, or has participated or has had a participation in
                  the direct or indirect underwriting of any such undertaking,
                  but such term shall not include a person whose interest was
                  limited to a commission from an underwriter or dealer not in
                  excess of the usual and customary distributors' or sellers'
                  commission.

           (2)    The term "director" shall mean any member of the board of
                  directors of a corporation or any individual performing
                  similar functions with respect to any organization whether
                  incorporated or unincorporated.

           (3)    The term "person" shall mean an individual, a corporation, a
                  partnership, an association, a joint-stock company, a trust,
                  an unincorporated organization or a government or political
                  subdivision thereof. As used in this paragraph, the term
                  "trust" shall include only a trust where the interest or
                  interests of the beneficiary or beneficiaries are evidenced by
                  a security.

           (4)    The term "voting security" shall mean any security presently
                  entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote in the direction
                  or management of the affairs of a person, or any security
                  issued under or pursuant to any trust, agreement or
                  arrangement whereby a trustee or trustees or agent or agents
                  for the owner or holder of such security are presently
                  entitled to vote in the direction or management of the affairs
                  of a person.

           (5)    The term "Company" shall mean any obligor upon the Securities.

           (6)    The term "executive officer" shall mean the president, every
                  vice president, every assistant vice president, every trust
                  officer, the cashier, the secretary, and the treasurer of a
                  corporation, and any individual customarily performing similar
                  functions with respect to any organization whether
                  incorporated or unincorporated, but shall not include the
                  chairman of the board of directors.

       (e) The percentages of voting securities and other securities specified
in this Section shall be calculated in accordance with the following provisions:

           (1)    A specified percentage of the voting securities of the
                  Trustee, the Company or any other person referred to in this
                  Section (each of whom is referred to as a "person" in this
                  paragraph) means such amount of the outstanding voting
                  securities of such person as entitles the holder or holders
                  thereof to cast such specified percentage of the aggregate
                  votes which the holders of all the outstanding voting
                  securities of such person are entitled to cast in the
                  direction or management of the affairs of such person.

           (2)    A specified percentage of a class of securities of a person
                  means such percentage of the aggregate amount of securities of
                  the class outstanding.

                                       26
<PAGE>

           (3)    The term "amount", when used in regard to securities, means
                  the principal amount if relating to evidences of indebtedness,
                  the number of shares if relating to capital shares, and the
                  number of units if relating to any other kind of security.

           (4)    The term "outstanding" means issued and not held by or for the
                  account of the issuer. The following securities shall not be
                  deemed outstanding within the meaning of this definition:

                  (i)    securities of an issuer held in a sinking fund
                         relating to securities of the issuer of the same class,

                  (ii)   securities of an issuer held in a sinking fund relating
                         to another class of securities of the issuer, if the
                         obligation evidenced by such other class of securities
                         is not in default as to principal or interest or
                         otherwise,

                  (iii)  securities  pledged by the issuer  thereof as security
                         for an obligation of the issuer not in default as to
                         principal or interest or otherwise,

                  (iv)   securities held in escrow if placed in escrow by the
                         issuer thereof.

                  Provided, however, that any voting securities of an issuer
                  shall be deemed outstanding if any person other than the
                  issuer is entitled to exercise the voting rights thereof.

           (5)    A security shall be deemed to be of the same class as another
                  security if both securities confer upon the holder or holders
                  thereof substantially the same rights and privileges;
                  provided, however, that, in the case of secured evidences of
                  indebtedness, all of which are issued under a single
                  indenture, differences in the interest rates or maturity dates
                  of various series thereof shall not be deemed sufficient to
                  constitute such series different classes; and provided,
                  further, that, in the case of unsecured evidences of
                  indebtedness, differences in the interest rates or maturity
                  dates thereof shall not be deemed sufficient to constitute
                  them securities of different classes, whether or not they are
                  issued under a single indenture.

       (f) Except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of
(or premium, if any) or interest on any Securities issued under this Indenture,
or in the payment of any sinking or analogous fund installment, the Trustee
shall not be required to resign as provided by this Section 7.08 if such Trustee
shall have sustained the burden of proving, on application to the Securities and
Exchange Commission and after opportunity for hearing thereon, that (i) the
default under the Indenture may be cured or waived during a reasonable period
and under the procedures described in such application and (ii) a stay of the
Trustee's duty to resign will not be inconsistent with the interests of
Securityholders. The filing of such an application shall automatically stay the
performance of the duty to resign until the Securities and Exchange Commission
orders otherwise.

       Any resignation of the Trustee shall become effective only upon the
appointment of a successor trustee and such successor's acceptance of such an
appointment.

       SECTION 7.09. There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to the
Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized
and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or any State
or Territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other
person permitted to act as trustee by the Securities and Exchange Commission,
authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined
capital and surplus of at least 50 million dollars, and subject to supervision
or examination by Federal, State, Territorial, or District of Columbia
authority. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually,
pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining
authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and
surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and
surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The
Company may not, nor may any person directly or indirectly controlling,
controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In
case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner
and with the effect specified in Section 7.10.

                                       27
<PAGE>

       SECTION 7.10. (a) The Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed, may
at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by
giving written notice thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of
resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders of such
series, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Upon
receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a
successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written
instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy
of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to
the successor trustee. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and
have accepted appointment within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of
resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to
Securities of such series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a
bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may,
subject to the provisions of Section 6.08, on behalf of himself and all others
similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor
trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem
proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.

       (b)   In case at any time any of the following shall occur--

           (1)    the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of
                  subsection (a) of Section 7.08 after written request therefor
                  by the Company or by any Securityholder who has been a bona
                  fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six
                  months, or

            (2)   the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
                  provisions of Section 7.09 and shall fail to resign after
                  written request therefor by the Company or by any such
                  Securityholder of Securities, or

            (3)   the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be
                  adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Trustee
                  or of its property shall be appointed, or any public officer
                  shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property
                  or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or
                  liquidation, then, in any such case, the Company may remove
                  the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a
                  successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate,
                  executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which
                  instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and
                  one copy to the successor trustee, or, subject to the
                  provisions of Section 6.08, unless the Trustee's duty to
                  resign is stayed as provided herein, any Securityholder who
                  has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at
                  least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others
                  similarly situated, petition any court of competent
                  jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the
                  appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon
                  after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and
                  prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.

       (c) The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of any series at the time outstanding may at any time remove the
Trustee with respect to such series and appoint a successor trustee.

       (d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a
successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any of
the provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of
appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11.

       (e) Any successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may be
appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of such
series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any particular series.

       SECTION 7.11. (a) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor
trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so
appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the
retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the
resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such
successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become
vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee;
but, on the request of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring
Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument
transferring to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the
retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor
trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

                                       28
<PAGE>

       (b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the
retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of
one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall
contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and
confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (2)
shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to
confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee
with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring
Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or
in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the
same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts
hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by
any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or
failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the
execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein,
such retiring Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of that or those
series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no
further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the
performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this
Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates; but, on request of
the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by
such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring
Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to
which the appointment of such successor trustee relates.

       (c) Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute
any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming
to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in
paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

       (d) No successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time
of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible under
this Article.

       (e) Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in
this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession of such
trustee hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders,
as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. If the Company
fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by
the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be
transmitted at the expense of the Company.

       SECTION 7.12. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a
party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the
Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such
corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and eligible
under the provisions of Section 7.09, without the execution or filing of any
paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything
herein to the contrary notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been
authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor
by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt
such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same
effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

       SECTION 7.13. (a) Subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this
Section, if the Trustee shall be or shall become a creditor, directly or
indirectly, secured or unsecured, of the Company within three months prior to a
default, as defined in subsection (c) of this Section, or subsequent to such a
default, then, unless and until such default shall be cured, the Trustee shall
set apart and hold in a special account for the benefit of the Trustee
individually, the holders of the Securities and the holders of other indenture
securities (as defined in subsection (c) of this Section)

                                       29
<PAGE>

       (1)    an amount equal to any and all reductions in the amount due and
              owing upon any claim as such creditor in respect of principal or
              interest, effected after the beginning of such three months'
              period and valid as against the Company and its other creditors,
              except any such reduction resulting from the receipt or
              disposition of any property described in paragraph (2) of this
              subsection, or from the exercise of any right of set-off which the
              Trustee could have exercised if a petition in bankruptcy had been
              filed by or against the Company upon the date of such default; and

       (2)    all property received by the Trustee in respect of any claim as
              such creditor, either as security therefor, or in satisfaction or
              composition thereof, or otherwise, after the beginning of such
              three months' period, or an amount equal to the proceeds of any
              such property, if disposed of, subject, however, to the rights, if
              any, of the Company and its other creditors in such property or
              such proceeds.

       Nothing herein contained, however, shall affect the right of the Trustee

       (A) to retain for its own account (i) payments made on account of any
such claim by any person (other than the Company) who is liable thereon, and
(ii) the proceeds of the bona fide sale of any such claim by the Trustee to a
third person, and (iii) distributions made in cash, securities, or other
property in respect of claims filed against the Company in bankruptcy or
receivership or in a case for reorganization pursuant to the Federal Bankruptcy
Code or applicable State law;

       (B) to realize, for its own account, upon any property held by it as
security for any such claim, if such property was so held prior to the beginning
of such three months' period;

       (C) to realize, for its own account, but only to the extent of the claim
hereinafter mentioned, upon any property held by it as security for any such
claim, if such claim was created after the beginning of such three months'
period and such property was received as security therefor simultaneously with
the creation thereof, and if the Trustee shall sustain the burden of proving
that at the time such property was so received the Trustee had no reasonable
cause to believe that a default, as defined in subsection (c) of this Section,
would occur within three months; or

       (D) to receive payment on any claim referred to in paragraph (B) or (C),
against the release of any property held as security for such claim as provided
in such paragraph (B) or (C), as the case may be, to the extent of the fair
value of such property.

       For the purposes of paragraphs (B), (C) and (D), property substituted
after the beginning of such three months' period for property held as security
at the time of such substitution shall, to the extent of the fair value of the
property released, have the same status as the property released, and, to the
extent that any claim referred to in any of such paragraphs is created in
renewal of or in substitution for or for the purpose of repaying or refunding
any pre-existing claim of the Trustee as such creditor, such claim shall have
the same status as such pre-existing claim.

       If the Trustee shall be required to account, the funds and property held
in such special account and the proceeds thereof shall be apportioned between
the Trustee, the Securityholders and the holders of other indenture securities
in such manner that the Trustee, the Securityholders and the holders of other
indenture securities realize, as a result of payments from such special account
and payments of dividends on claims filed against the Company in bankruptcy or
receivership or in a case for reorganization pursuant to the Federal Bankruptcy
Code or applicable State law, the same percentage of their respective claims,
figured before crediting to the claim of the Trustee anything on account of the
receipt by it from the Company of the funds and property in such special account
and before crediting to the respective claims of the Trustee, the
Securityholders and the holders of other indenture securities dividends on
claims filed against the Company in bankruptcy or receivership or in a case for
reorganization pursuant to the Federal Bankruptcy Code or applicable State law,
but after crediting thereon receipts on account of the indebtedness represented
by their respective claims from all sources other than from such dividends and
from the funds and property so held in such special account. As used in this
paragraph, with respect to any claim, the term "dividends" shall include any
distribution with respect to such claim, in bankruptcy or receivership or in a
case for reorganization pursuant to the Federal Bankruptcy Code or applicable
State law, whether such distribution is made in cash, securities, or other
property, but shall not include any such distribution with respect to the
secured portion, if any, of such claim. The court in which such bankruptcy,
receivership or a case for reorganization is pending shall have jurisdiction (i)
to apportion between the Trustee, the Securityholders and the holders of other
indenture securities, in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph, the
funds and property held in such special account and the proceeds thereof, or
(ii) in lieu of such apportionment, in whole or in part, to give to the
provisions of this paragraph due consideration in determining the fairness of
the distributions to be made to the Trustee, the Securityholders and the holders
of other indenture securities with respect to their respective claims, in which
event it shall not be necessary to liquidate or to appraise the value of any
securities or other property held in such special account or as security for any
such claim, or to make a specific allocation of such distributions as between
the secured and unsecured portions of such claims, or otherwise to apply the
provisions of this paragraph as a mathematical formula.

                                       30
<PAGE>

       Any Trustee who has resigned or been removed after the beginning of such
three months' period shall be subject to the provisions of this subsection (a)
as though such resignation or removal had not occurred. If any Trustee has
resigned or been removed prior to the beginning of such three months' period, it
shall be subject to the provisions of this subsection (a) if and only if the
following conditions exist:

      (i)  the receipt of property or reduction of claim which would have given
           rise to the obligation to account, if such Trustee had continued as
           trustee, occurred after the beginning of such three months' period;
           and

      (ii) such receipt of property or reduction of claim occurred within three
           months after such resignation or removal.

       (b) There shall be excluded  from the operation of  subsection  (a) of
this Section a creditor  relationship arising from

           (1)    the ownership or acquisition of securities issued under any
                  indenture, or any security or securities having a maturity of
                  one year or more at the time of acquisition by the Trustee;

           (2)    advances authorized by a receivership or bankruptcy court of
                  competent jurisdiction, or by this Indenture, for the purpose
                  of preserving any property other than cash which shall at any
                  time be subject to the lien, if any, of this Indenture or of
                  discharging tax liens or other prior liens or encumbrances
                  thereon, if notice of such advance and of the circumstances
                  surrounding the making thereof is given to the Securityholders
                  at the time and in the manner provided in this Indenture;

           (3)    disbursements made in the ordinary course of business in the
                  capacity of trustee under an indenture, transfer agent,
                  registrar, custodian, paying agent, subscription agent, fiscal
                  agent or depositary, or other similar capacity;

           (4)    an indebtedness created as a result of services rendered or
                  premises rented; or an indebtedness created as a result of
                  goods or securities sold in a cash transaction as defined in
                  subsection (c) of this Section;

           (5)    the ownership of stock or of other securities of a Company
                  organized under the provisions of Section 25(a) of the Federal
                  Reserve Act, as amended, which is directly or indirectly a
                  creditor of the Company; or

           (6)    the acquisition, ownership, acceptance or negotiation of any
                  drafts, bills of exchange, acceptances or obligations which
                  fall within the classification of self-liquidating paper as
                  defined in subsection (c) of this Section.

       (c)   As used in this Section:

                                       31
<PAGE>

           (1)    The term "default" shall mean any failure to make payment in
                  full of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest upon
                  any of the Securities or upon the other indenture securities
                  when and as such principal (or premium, if any) or interest
                  becomes due and payable.

           (2)    The term "other indenture securities" shall mean securities
                  upon which the Company is an obligor (as defined in the Trust
                  Indenture Act of 1939, as amended) outstanding under any other
                  indenture (A) under which the Trustee is also trustee, (B)
                  which contains provisions substantially similar to the
                  provisions of subsection (a) of this Section, and (C) under
                  which a default exists at the time of the apportionment of the
                  funds and property held in said special account.

           (3)    The term "cash transaction" shall mean any transaction in
                  which full payment for goods or securities sold is made within
                  seven days after delivery of the goods or securities in
                  currency or in checks or other orders drawn upon banks or
                  bankers and payable upon demand.

           (4)    The term "self-liquidating paper" shall mean any draft, bill
                  of exchange, acceptance or obligation which is made, drawn,
                  negotiated or incurred by the Company for the purpose of
                  financing the purchase, processing, manufacture, shipment,
                  storage or sale of goods, wares or merchandise and which is
                  secured by documents evidencing title to, possession of, or a
                  lien upon, the goods, wares or merchandise or the receivables
                  or proceeds arising from the sale of the goods, wares or
                  merchandise previously constituting the security, provided the
                  security is received by the Trustee simultaneously with the
                  creation of the creditor relationship with the Company arising
                  from the making, drawing, negotiating or incurring of the
                  draft, bill of exchange, acceptance or obligation.

           (5)    The term "Company" shall mean any obligor upon any of the
                  Securities.

                                  ARTICLE EIGHT
                         Concerning the Securityholders

       SECTION 8.01. Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the holders
of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of a particular series may take any action (including the making of
any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking
of any other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the
holders of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined
therein may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of
similar tenor executed by such holders of Securities of that series in person or
by agent or proxy appointed in writing.

       If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders of any series any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action, the Company may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officers'
Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination
of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have
no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action may be given
before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the
close of business on the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for
the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion
of outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented
to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action, and for that purpose the outstanding Securities of that series
shall be computed as of the record date; provided that no such authorization,
agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date shall be deemed
effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this
Indenture not later than six months after the record date.

       SECTION 8.02. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, proof of the
execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require
notarization) or his agent or proxy and proof of the holding by any person of
any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:

       (a) The fact and date of the execution by any such person of any
instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.

                                       32
<PAGE>

       (b) The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register
of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar thereof.

       (c) The Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter referred
to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.

       SECTION 8.03. Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer
of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security
Registrar may deem and treat the person in whose name such Security shall be
registered upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security
(whether or not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of
ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar)
for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of,
premium, if any, and (subject to Section 2.03) interest on such Security and for
all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent
nor any Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

       SECTION 8.04. In determining whether the holders of the requisite
aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred
in any direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture, Securities of that
series which are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of
that series or by any person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by
or under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities
of that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be outstanding for the
purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent
or waiver only Securities of such series which the Trustee actually knows are so
owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in
good faith may be regarded as outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if
the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's
right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a
person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or
indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. In case of a
dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of
counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee.

       SECTION 8.05. At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the
Trustee, as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders
of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action,
any holder of a Security of that series which is shown by the evidence to be
included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action
may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as
provided in Section 8.02, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security.
Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be
conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners
of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on
registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or
not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken
by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection
with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and
the holders of all the Securities of that series.

                                  ARTICLE NINE
                             Supplemental Indentures

       SECTION 9.01. In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise
authorized by this Indenture, the Company, when authorized by a Board
Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an
indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as then in effect), without the
consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:

       (a) to evidence the succession of another corporation to the Company, and
the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company contained
herein or otherwise established with respect to the Securities; or

                                       33
<PAGE>

       (b) to add to the covenants of the Company such further covenants,
restrictions, conditions or provisions for the protection of the holders of the
Securities of all or any series as the Board of Directors and the Trustee shall
consider to be for the protection of the holders of Securities of all or any
series, and to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a
default in any of such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or
provisions a default or an Event of Default with respect to such series
permitting the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies provided in
this Indenture as herein set forth; provided, however, that in respect of any
such additional covenant, restriction, condition or provision such supplemental
indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default (which
period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of other defaults)
or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such default or may limit the
remedies available to the Trustee upon such default or may limit the right of
the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
such series to waive such default; or

       (c) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision
contained herein or in any supplemental indenture which may be defective or
inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in any supplemental
indenture, or to make such other provisions in regard to matters or questions
arising under this Indenture as shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of
this Indenture and shall not adversely affect the interests of the holders of
the Securities of any series; or

       (d) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture,
provided that any such change or elimination shall become effective only when
there is no Security outstanding of any series created prior to the execution of
such supplemental indenture which is entitled to the benefit of such provision.

       The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the
execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further
appropriate agreements and stipulations which may be therein contained, but the
Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture
which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this
Indenture or otherwise.

       Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section
may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the
holders of any of the Securities at the time outstanding, notwithstanding any of
the provisions of Section 9.02.

       SECTION 9.02. With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 8.01) of
the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures
at the time outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and
the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or
indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any
provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of
this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner
the rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture;
provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall (i) extend the
fixed maturity of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount
thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon,
or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, without the consent
of the holder of each Security so affected, or (ii) reduce the aforesaid
percentage of Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any
such supplemental indenture, without the consent of the holders of each Security
then outstanding and affected thereby.

       Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by a Board Resolution
authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the
filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders required
to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the
execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture
affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be
obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture.

       It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders of any
series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of any
proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent
shall approve the substance thereof.

                                       34
<PAGE>

       Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee
shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in
general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the
Securityholders of all series affected thereby as their names and addresses
appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of the Trustee to mail such
notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect
the validity of any such supplemental indenture.

       SECTION 9.03. Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant
to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, this Indenture shall,
with respect to such series, be and be deemed to be modified and amended in
accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights,
obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the
Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall
thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all
respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions
of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the
terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.

       SECTION 9.04. Securities of any series, affected by a supplemental
indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental
indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, may
bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the
requirements of any exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any
matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so
determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the
opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture
contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company,
authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Securities of
that series then outstanding.

       SECTION 9.05. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, may
receive an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental
indenture executed pursuant to this Article is authorized or permitted by, and
conforms to, the terms of this Article and constitutes the legal, valid and
binding obligation of the Company, and that it is proper for the Trustee under
the provisions of this Article to join in the execution thereof.

                                   ARTICLE TEN
                         Consolidation, Merger and Sale

       SECTION 10.01. Nothing contained in this Indenture or in any of the
Securities shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into
any other corporation or corporations (whether or not affiliated with the
Company), or successive consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its
successor or successors shall be a party or parties, or shall prevent any sale,
conveyance, transfer or other disposition of the property of the Company or its
successor or successors as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any
other corporation (whether or not affiliated with the Company or its successor
or successors) authorized to acquire and operate the same; provided, however,
the Company hereby covenants and agrees that, upon any such consolidation,
merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, the due and punctual
payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and interest on all of the
Securities of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according
to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all the
covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or
established with respect to such series pursuant to Section 2.01 to be kept or
performed by the Company, shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture
(which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as
then in effect) satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and delivered to
the Trustee by the Company formed by such consolidation, or into which the
Company shall have been merged, or by the corporation which shall have acquired
such property.

       SECTION 10.02. (a) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale,
conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the
successor corporation, by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the
Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the due and punctual payment
of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on all of the Securities of
all series outstanding and the due and punctual performance of all of the
covenants and conditions of this Indenture or established with respect to each
series of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 to be performed by the Company
with respect to each series, such successor corporation shall succeed to and be
substituted for the Company, with the same effect as if it had been named herein
as the party of the first part, and thereupon the predecessor corporation shall
be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the
Securities. Such successor corporation thereupon may cause to be signed, and may
issue either in its own name or in the name of the Company or any other
predecessor obligor on the Securities, any or all of the Securities issuable
hereunder which theretofore shall not have been signed by the Company and
delivered to the Trustee; and, upon the order of such successor company, instead
of the Company, and subject to all the terms, conditions and limitations in this
Indenture prescribed, the Trustee shall authenticate and shall deliver any
Securities which previously shall have been signed and delivered by the officers
of the predecessor Company to the Trustee for authentication, and any Securities
which such successor corporation thereafter shall cause to be signed and
delivered to the Trustee for that purpose. All the Securities so issued shall in
all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under this Indenture as the
Securities theretofore or thereafter issued in accordance with the terms of this
Indenture as though all of such Securities had been issued at the date of the
execution hereof.

                                       35
<PAGE>

       (b) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer
or other disposition such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance)
may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.

       (c) Nothing contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities shall
prevent the Company from merging into itself or acquiring by purchase or
otherwise all or any part of the property of any other corporation (whether or
not affiliated with the Company).

       SECTION 10.03. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01,
may receive an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such
consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any
such assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article.

                                 ARTICLE ELEVEN
                    Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture;
                                Unclaimed Moneys

       SECTION 11.01. If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered to
the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore
authenticated (other than any Securities which shall have been destroyed, lost
or stolen and which shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section
2.07) and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations has
theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the
Company (and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as
provided in Section 11.05); (b) all such Securities of a particular series not
theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and
payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are
to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to
the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall
deposit or cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire
amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations sufficient; or (c) a combination
thereof, sufficient, without reinvestment, in the opinion of a nationally
recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written
certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon
redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest
due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as
the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other
sums payable hereunder with respect to such series by the Company, then this
Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect to such
series except for the provisions of Sections 2.05, 2.07, 4.02 and 7.10, which
shall survive until the date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be,
and Sections 7.06 and 11.05 which shall survive to such date and thereafter, and
the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the
Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and
discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.

       SECTION 11.02. If at any time all such Securities of a particular series
not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or which have not
become due and payable as described in Section 11.01 shall have been paid by the
Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an
amount of Governmental Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon
redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest
due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as
the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other
sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then after
the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are
deposited with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture
with respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect except for the
provisions of Sections 2.05, 2.07, 4.02, 7.06, 7.10 and 11.05 hereof which shall
survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid. Thereafter, Sections
7.06 and 11.05 shall survive.

                                       36
<PAGE>

       SECTION 11.03. All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with the
Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be
available for payment as due, either directly or through any paying agent
(including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the
particular series of Securities for the payment or redemption of which such
moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.

       SECTION 11.04. In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent
under the provisions of this Indenture shall, upon demand of the Company, be
paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all
further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.

       SECTION 11.05. Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with any
paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment
of principal of or premium or interest on the Securities of a particular series
that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for
at least two years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if
any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively become due and
payable, shall be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or (if then held
by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and thereupon the paying
agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect
to such moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the
Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter, as an unsecured
general creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.

                                 ARTICLE TWELVE
                Immunity of Incorporators, Stockholders, Officers
                                  and Directors

       SECTION 12.01. No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or
agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon
or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator,
stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the
Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, either directly or
through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by
virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any
assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this
Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations,
and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be
incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such, of
the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them,
because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by
reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture
or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom; and that any and all such
personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity
or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims
against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as such,
because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by
reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture
or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived
and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of
this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities.

                                ARTICLE THIRTEEN
                                Sundry Provisions

       SECTION 13.01. All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements
in this Indenture contained by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its
successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

       SECTION 13.02. Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture
authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or
officer of the Company shall and may be done and performed with like force and
effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that
shall at the time be the lawful sole successor of the Company.

                                       37
<PAGE>

       SECTION 13.03. The Company by instrument in writing executed by authority
of two-thirds of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may
surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company and thereupon such power so
surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor
corporation.

       SECTION 13.04. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein any notice
or demand which by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to
be given or served by the Trustee or by the holders of Securities to or on the
Company may be given or served by being deposited first class postage prepaid in
a post-office letterbox addressed (until another address is filed in writing by
the Company with the Trustee), as follows: Verizon Virginia Inc., c/o Verizon
Communications Inc., 1095 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036,
Attention: Corporate Secretary. Any notice, election, request or demand by the
Company or any Securityholder to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have
been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made in writing
at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, Attention: Institutional Trust
Services.

       SECTION 13.05. This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed to be a
contract made under the laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes
shall be construed in accordance with the laws of said State.

       SECTION 13.06. (a) Upon any application or demand by the Company to the
Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the
Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that all
conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed
action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the
opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with,
except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the
furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this
Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional
certificate or opinion need be furnished.

       (b) Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and
delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant
in this Indenture (other than the certificate provided pursuant to Section
5.03(d) of this Indenture) shall include (1) a statement that the person making
such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (2) a brief
statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon
which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are
based; (3) a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such
examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an
informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been
complied with; and (4) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such
person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

       SECTION 13.07. In any case where the date of maturity of interest or
principal of any Security or the date of redemption of any Security shall not be
a business day then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may
be made on the next succeeding business day with the same force and effect as if
made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue
for the period after such nominal date.

       SECTION 13.08. If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture
limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317,
inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, such imposed duties
shall control.

       SECTION 13.09. This Indenture may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be an original; but such counterparts shall
together constitute but one and the same instrument.

       SECTION 13.10. In case any one or more of the provisions contained in
this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held
to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity,
illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this
Indenture or of such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be
construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never
been contained herein or therein.

       JPMORGAN CHASE BANK hereby accepts the trusts in this Indenture declared
and provided, upon the terms and conditions hereinabove set forth.

                                       38
<PAGE>

       IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed and
attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

                                               VERIZON VIRGINIA INC.

[Seal]                                         By
                                                 -------------------------
                                                  Title:

By
----------------------------

     Title:

                                               JPMORGAN CHASE BANK
                                                  as Trustee

                                               By
                                                 -------------------------

                                       39
<PAGE>

STATE OF NEW YORK)
                              ss.:
COUNTY OF NEW YORK)

       On __________,  20__ before me,  _____________,  Notary Public,
 personally appeared  _________________  and _________________

|X|  personally known to me - OR -

|_| proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the person(s) whose
name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that
he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their authorized capacity(ies), and
that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument the person(s), or the
entity upon behalf of which the person(s) acted, executed the instrument.

       Witness my hand and official seal.

       ----------------------------------

           Signature of Notary

CAPACITY CLAIMED BY SIGNER

|_|  INDIVIDUAL(S)
                   -------------------------------------------

|X|  CORPORATE OFFICER(S)
                         ----------------------------

|_|  PARTNER(S)

|_|  ATTORNEY-IN-FACT

|_|  TRUSTEE(S)

|_|  GUARDIAN/CONSERVATOR

|_|  OTHER:

SIGNER IS REPRESENTING:
NAME OF PERSON(S) OR ENTITY(IES)

VERIZON VIRGINIA INC.

                                       40
<PAGE>

STATE OF NEW YORK)
                              ss.:
COUNTY OF NEW YORK)

       On  ________________,   20__  before  me,   _____________________.,
 Notary  Public,   personally  appeared  _____________________,

|X|  personally known to me - OR -

|_| proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the person(s) whose
name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that
he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their authorized capacity(ies), and
that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument the person(s), or the
entity upon behalf of which the person(s) acted, executed the instrument.

       Witness my hand and official seal.

       ----------------------------------

           Signature of Notary

CAPACITY CLAIMED BY SIGNER

|_|  INDIVIDUAL(S)
                   ----------------------------------------------------

|X|  CORPORATE OFFICER(S)           TRUST OFFICER

|_|  PARTNER(S)

|_|  ATTORNEY-IN-FACT

|_|  TRUSTEE(S)

|_|  GUARDIAN/CONSERVATOR

|_|  OTHER:

SIGNER IS REPRESENTING:
NAME OF PERSON(S) OR ENTITY(IES)

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK

                                       41

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