Document:

Lock-Up Agreement, dated November 1, 2006

 EXHIBIT 4.1 
 Lock-Up Agreement 
 November 1, 2006 
 Encorium Group, Inc. 
 One Glenhardie Corporate Center 
 1275 Drummers Lane, Suite 100 
 Wayne, PA 19087 
 Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 Encorium Group, Inc., formerly Covalent Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), has entered into an Amended and Restated Combination Agreement dated as of July 6, 2006 (the “Combination Agreement”) by
and between the Company and Kai Lindevall, Jan Lilja, Sven-Erik Nilsson, Vesa Manninen, NTGLT Pharma BVBA, Seppo Oksanen, Heikki Vapaatalo, Riitta Korpela and Agneta Lindevall (each a “Stockholder”), constituting all of the stockholders of
Remedium Oy, a corporation organized under the laws of Finland (“Remedium”). Pursuant to the terms of the Combination Agreement the Stockholders have agreed to contribute, convey, transfer and assign to the Company all of the issued and
outstanding shares of Remedium at the Closing (as defined in the Combination Agreement). In consideration of the contribution, conveyance, transfer and assignment of the Shares, at the Closing (as defined in the Combination Agreement), the Company,
among other consideration, will issue to each Stockholder the number of shares of Common Stock of the Company as set forth next to such Stockholders name on Exhibit A hereto (the “Shares”). 
 In order to induce Company to close under the Combination Agreement and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which
is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Company, the undersigned will not, directly or indirectly offer, sell, pledge, contract to sell, grant any option to purchase or otherwise dispose of any
Shares or other capital stock of the Company, or any securities convertible, exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock or derivative thereof or request the registration for the offer and sale of any of the foregoing (including, without
limitation, shares of Common Stock of the Company which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by the undersigned on the date hereof in accordance with the Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and shares of Common
Stock which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant) or enter into any Hedging Transaction (as defined below) relating to the Common Stock (each of the foregoing referred to as a “Disposition”) for a period of commencing
on the Closing Date (as defined in the Combination Agreement) and ending nine calendar months after the Closing Date (the “Lock-Up Period”). The foregoing restriction is expressly intended to preclude the undersigned from engaging in any
Hedging Transaction or other transaction which is designed to or reasonably expected to lead to or result 

 in a Disposition during the Lock-Up Period even if the securities would be disposed of by someone other than the
undersigned. “Hedging Transaction” means any short sale (whether or not against the box) or any purchase, sale or grant of any right (including, without limitation, any put or call option) with respect to any security (other than a
broad-based market basket or index) that includes, relates to or derives any significant part of its value from the Common Stock. 
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned may (A) transfer any or all of the Shares (i) by gift, will or intestacy or (ii) to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family of the
undersigned, provided that any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value and (B) pledge the Shares; provided, however, that in any such case it shall be a condition to the transfer that the transferee or pledgee, as applicable,
execute an agreement stating that the transferee or pledge, as applicable, is receiving and holding the Shares subject to the provisions of this Agreement, and there shall be no further transfer or pledge, as applicable, of such Shares except in
accordance with this Agreement. 
 Without limiting the restrictions herein, any Disposition by the undersigned shall remain at all times
subject to applicable securities laws, including without limitation the resale restrictions imposed by Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933. 
 The undersigned agrees that the Company may (i) with respect to any shares for which the undersigned is the record holder, cause the transfer agent for the Company to note stop transfer instructions with respect
to such shares on the transfer books and records of the Company and (ii) with respect to any shares for which the undersigned is the beneficial holder but not the record holder, cause the record holder of such shares to cause the transfer agent
for the Company to note stop transfer instructions with respect to such shares on the transfer books and records of the Company. 
 The
undersigned understands that the Company will proceed with the Closing of the Transaction in reliance on this letter agreement. 
 The
undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this letter agreement. All authority herein conferred or agreed to be conferred shall survive the death or incapacity of the undersigned and
any obligations of the undersigned shall be binding upon the heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of the undersigned. 
 This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together, when executed and delivered, shall constitute one and the same instrument. 
 [signature page follows] 
  

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	Very truly yours,
	
	STOCKHOLDERS:
	
	 /s/ Kai Lindevall

	Kai Lindevall
	
	 /s/ Agneta Lindevall

	Agneta Lindevall
	
	 /s/ Sven-Erik Nilsson

	Sven-Erik Nilsson
	
	 /s/ Sven-Erik Nilsson

	Jan Lilja (Executed by Sven-Erik Nilsson by Power of Attorney)
	
	NTGLT Pharma BVBA
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Petri Manninen

	Name:	 	Petri Manninen
	Title:	 	Manager
	
	 /s/ Vesa Manninen

	Vesa Manninen
	
	 /s/ Seppo Oksanen

	Seppo Oksanen
	
	 /s/ Heikki Vapaatalo

	Heikki Vapaatalo
	
	 /s/ Riitta Korpela

	Riitta Korpela

  

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 EXHIBIT A 
  

			
	 Stockholder Name
	  	Number of shares
	 Kai Lindevall
	  	1,044,116
	 Sven-Erik Nilsson
	  	1,017,351
	 Jan Lilja
	  	909,762
	 Vesa Manninen
	  	15,532
	 NTGLT Pharma BVBA
	  	232,814
	 Seppo Oksanen
	  	188,274
	 Heikki Vapaatalo
	  	200,492
	 Riitta Korpela
	  	143,439
	 Agneta Lindevall
	  	135,146
		  	 
	 Total
	  	3,886,926
		  	 

  

 - 4 -Option Exchange Agreement

 Exhibit 4.2 
 OPTION EXCHANGE AGREEMENT 
 OPTION EXCHANGE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), made this
2nd day of March, 2006, by and among Covalent Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Covalent”) and
each holder of an option, warrant or other right to purchase shares of stock of Remedium Oy, a corporation organized under the laws of Finland (“Remedium”), set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto (each an “Option
Holder” and collectively the “Option Holders”). 
 W I T N E S S E T H: 
 WHEREAS, Covalent has entered into that certain Combination Agreement of even date herewith among Covalent and the holders of shares of stock of
Remedium (the “Remedium Shareholders”) to combine the businesses of Covalent and Remedium (the “Combination Agreement”); 
 WHEREAS, pursuant to the Combination Agreement, the Remedium Shareholders have agreed to contribute, convey, transfer and assign to Covalent all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Remedium
(“Remedium Stock”), in consideration of which the Remedium shareholders will receive a combination of cash and shares of common stock of Covalent (“Covalent Stock”); 
 WHEREAS, pursuant to the Combination Agreement, the Remedium Shareholders have agreed to execute Lock-Up Agreements in substantially the form
attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “Lock-Up Agreements”); 
 WHEREAS, the Option Holders own options, warrants or
other rights to purchase shares of Remedium Stock, whether or not vested or immediately exercisable (the “Remedium Options”), with each Option Holder individually owning the Remedium Options described opposite such Option
Holder’s name on Exhibit A attached hereto; 
 WHEREAS, the Option Holders are not parties to the Combination Agreement
and therefore are not exchanging their Remedium Options for shares of Covalent Stock or any other consideration pursuant to the Combination Agreement; 
 WHEREAS, the Option Holders and Covalent have agreed that no Remedium Options will be exercised as prior to the date of the Closing under the Combination Agreement (“Closing”) and that such Remedium
Options shall remain outstanding after the Closing, with such shares of Remedium Stock issuable upon exercise of Remedium Options automatically converting into shares of Covalent Stock, in each case on the terms and conditions set forth below;

 WHEREAS, as an inducement to, and as a condition of, Covalent entering into the Combination Agreement, the Option Holders have
agreed to enter into this Agreement. 
 NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and the mutual agreements and
covenants hereinafter set forth, and for other valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows: 
 ARTICLE I 
 EXERCISE OF OPTIONS 
 Section 1.01 No Exercise of Remedium Options Prior to Closing. Notwithstanding any vesting provisions set forth in the original instrument
creating a Remedium Option (the “Option Instrument”), no Option Holder may exercise a Remedium Option prior to Closing. 
  

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 Section 1.02 Exercise of Remedium Options After Closing 
 (a) Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, any Remedium Option outstanding as of the date of the Closing shall thereafter remain
outstanding and exercisable in accordance with its terms. 
 (b) Subject to any vesting or other restrictions set forth in the Option
Instrument, any Option Holder may exercise a Remedium Option after the date of the Closing by giving written notice of such exercise to Covalent, and delivering therewith: (i) a duly executed instrument effecting the exercise of the Remedium Option
for the number of shares of Remedium Stock with respect to which the Remedium Option is being exercised, and (ii) payment for the purchase price payable upon such exercise of the Remedium Option. 
 (c) All shares of Remedium Stock issued upon exercise of a Remedium Option by an Option Holder after Closing shall automatically convert into that number
of Covalent shares (the “Covalent Conversion Shares”) equal to the number of shares of Remedium Stock issuable upon exercise of the Remedium Option, multiplied by a fraction, (i) the numerator of which is the sum of (A) the
aggregate final adjusted number of shares of Covalent Stock to be received by the Remedium Shareholders under the Combination Agreement, and (B) the number of shares resulting from dividing (x) the aggregate cash price to be paid to the Remedium
Shareholders under the Combination Agreement, by (y) the price per share at which Remedium Shareholders receive shares of Covalent Stock at Closing under the Combination Agreement, and (ii) the denominator of which is the number of issued and
outstanding shares of Remedium Stock at Closing; provided, however, that: 
 (i) No fractional shares of Covalent Stock shall be issued, and
any Option Holder that would otherwise be entitled to receive a fractional share of Covalent Stock (after aggregating all shares of Covalent Stock issuable to such Option Holder) shall receive an aggregate number of shares of Covalent Stock rounded
to the nearest whole number; and 
 (ii) The number of Covalent Conversion Shares shall be subject to adjustment as provided in Section
1.04 hereof; and 
 (iii) Promptly after the Closing under the Combination Agreement, Covalent shall use commercially reasonable efforts
to register the plan under which the Remedium Options are issued with the SEC in order for the Covalent Conversion Shares to be subject to an effective Registration Statement on a Form S-8 when issued. 
 Section 1.03 Lock-Up Provision. 
 To
the extent that any Remedium Options are exercised during the lock-up period specified in the Lock-Up Agreement, the Option Holder, by exercise of the Remedium Option, agrees to be bound by the restrictions set forth in the Lock-Up Agreement as if
the Option Holder were an original signatory thereto. 
 Section 1.04 Adjustment of Covalent Conversion Shares. 
 (a) Stock Dividends; Stock Splits, Reverse Stock Splits; Reclassifications. In case Covalent shall after the date hereof (i) pay a dividend or
make any other distribution with respect to Covalent Stock in shares of its capital stock, (ii) subdivide its outstanding Covalent Stock, (iii) combine its outstanding Covalent Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issue any shares of its
capital stock in a reclassification of the Covalent Stock, the number of Covalent Conversion Shares automatically converted upon exercise of a Remedium Option after Closing (“Exercise”) shall be adjusted so that the Option Holders shall
thereafter be entitled after the completion of each such event to receive upon Exercise the kind and number of shares of Covalent Stock or other securities of Covalent that the Option Holders would have owned or have been entitled to receive after
the happening of each such event, had such Exercise occurred immediately prior to the happening of each such event or any record date with respect thereto. Each adjustment made pursuant to this Section 1.04(a)(i) shall become effective
immediately after the effective date of the applicable event retroactive to the record date, if any, for such event. 
 (b) Notice of
Adjustment. Whenever the number of shares of Covalent Stock or other stock or property issuable upon any Exchange pursuant to Section 1.02 is adjusted as herein provided, Covalent shall promptly notify the Option Holders of such
adjustment or adjustments. 
  

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 ARTICLE II 
 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF COVALENT 
 Covalent hereby represents and warrants to each Option
Holder that the statements contained in this Article II are true and correct as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing. 
 Section 2.01 Organization, Good Standing and Qualification. Covalent is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and has all requisite corporate power and authority
to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted. Covalent and its subsidiaries are duly qualified or licensed to transact business and are in good standing in each jurisdiction where the character of the properties owned,
leased or operated by them or the nature of their business makes such qualification or licensing necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or licensed and in good standing has not had, and could not reasonably be expected to have,
individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect. 
 Section 2.02 Authorization. All corporate action on the part of
Covalent and its officers, directors and stockholders necessary for (i) the authorization, execution and delivery of this Agreement, (ii) the performance of all obligations of Covalent hereunder, and (iii) the authorization, issuance and delivery to
the Option Holders of the Covalent Stock pursuant to the terms of this Agreement has been taken or will be taken prior to the Closing. This Agreement constitutes a valid and legally binding obligations of Covalent, enforceable in accordance with its
terms, except (i) as limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability
of specific performance, injunctive relief, or other equitable remedies. 
 Section 2.03 Valid Issuance. The Covalent Stock issuable
upon conversion of the Remedium Stock issuable to the Option Holders pursuant to this Agreement has been duly and validly reserved for issuance and, upon issuance in accordance with the terms of the Covalent Certificate of Incorporation, will be
duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and will be free of restrictions on transfer other than restrictions on transfer hereunder and under state and federal securities laws. 
 ARTICLE III 
 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE OPTION HOLDERS

 Each Option Holder, severally and not jointly, hereby represents and warrants to Covalent that the statements contained in this
Article III are true and correct as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing: 
 Section 3.01 Authority. Such Option Holder
has all necessary power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform all of such Option Holder’s obligations hereunder The execution and delivery of this Agreement by such Option Holder and the consummation by such Option
Holder of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary action and no other proceedings on the part of such Option Holder is necessary to authorize this Agreement or to consummate the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement. This Agreement constitutes a valid and legally binding obligations of such Option Holder, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium, and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief, or other equitable
remedies. 
 Section 3.02 Title to Shares and Remedium Options. Such Option Holder is the record or beneficial owner of the Remedium
Options set forth next to such Option Holder’s name on Exhibit A attached hereto, and such Remedium Options are (and the Remedium Stock issuable upon exercise of such options will be) free and clear 

  

 - 3 - 

 
of all liens, encumbrances, claims, proxies or voting restrictions other than pursuant to this Agreement. Except for Remedium Stock set forth on Exhibit
B, the Remedium Options set forth on Exhibit A constitute all of the securities of Remedium owned, directly or indirectly, of record or beneficially by such Option Holder on the date of this Agreement. Except for the instruments creating
any such Remedium Option, such Option Holder is not a party to any currently outstanding option, warrant, right or agreement (oral or in writing) for the purchase or acquisition of securities from the Remedium, and such Option Holder has not granted
any third party any right with respect to any of the Remedium Options owned by such Option Holder. The information contained on Exhibit A with respect to the Remedium Options owned by such Option Holder is true and correct. 
 Section 3.03 No Conflicts. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by such Option Holder does not, and the consummation by such Option Holder
of the Exercise and the other transactions contemplated to be consummated by such Option Holder by this Agreement will not (i) conflict with any document, agreement or instrument to which such Option Holder is a party, (ii) conflict with or violate
any law applicable to such Option Holder or (iii) require consent or approval of, or notice to, any governmental entity or third party. 
 ARTICLE IV 
 MISCELLANEOUS 
 Section 4.01 Amendments and Waivers. Any term of this Agreement may be amended and the observance of any such term may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or
prospectively) only with the written consent of Covalent and the holders of a majority of the shares of Covalent Stock issued or issuable to Option Holders, voting together as a single group, upon Exercise. Any amendment or waiver for which such
written consent is obtained shall be binding on all parties hereto. 
 Section 4.02 Benefit; Successors and Assigns. Except as
otherwise provided herein, this Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Nothing in this Agreement either express or implied is intended to confer on
any person other than the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns, any rights, remedies or obligations under or by reason of this Agreement. 
 Section 4.03 Expenses. Except as otherwise specified in this Agreement, all costs and expenses, including, without limitation, fees and disbursements of counsel, financial advisors and accountants, incurred in
connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be paid by the party incurring such costs and expenses. 
 Section 4.04 Notices. All notices, requests, demands and other communications required or permitted under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given, made and received only when delivered
(personally, by courier service such as Federal Express, or by other messenger), when sent by electronic facsimile, or seven days following the day when deposited in the United States or Finnish mails, registered or certified air mail, postage
prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed as set forth below: 
  

	 	(i)	If to Covalent: 

 Covalent Group, Inc. 
 One Glenhardie Corporate Center 
 1275
Drummers Lane, Suite 100 
 Wayne, PA 19087 
 Attention: Kenneth M. Borow 
 Fax: (610)-975-9018 
  

 - 4 - 

 with a copy, given in the manner prescribed above, to: 
 David Gitlin, Esquire 
 Wolf, Block, Schorr
and Solis-Cohen LLP 
 1650 Arch Street 
 Philadelphia, PA 19103 
 Telephone: 215-977-2284 
 Fax: 215-405-3884 
  

	 	(ii)	If to Option Holders: 

 to their respective addresses as
set forth 
 on Exhibit A 
 Any party may
alter the address to which communications or copies are to be sent by giving notice of such change of address in conformity with the provisions of this subparagraph for the giving of notice. 
 Section 4.05 Exhibits. All Exhibits attached hereto are hereby incorporated by reference into, and made a part of, this Agreement. 
 Section 4.06 Headings. The descriptive headings contained in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect in any way
the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. 
 Section 4.07 Severability. If any term or other provision of this Agreement is
invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any law or public policy, all other terms and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions
contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any party. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to
modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.

 Section 4.08 Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject
matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, between or among Covalent and the Option Holders with respect to the subject matter hereof. 
 Section 4.09 Governing Law. This Agreement and all questions relating to its validity, interpretation, performance and enforcement (including,
without limitation, provisions concerning limitations of actions), shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, notwithstanding any conflict-of-laws doctrines of such state or other jurisdiction to the
contrary, and without the aid of any canon, custom or rule of law requiring construction against the draftsman. 
 Section 4.10
Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, and by the different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when executed and delivered shall be deemed to be an original but all of which taken
together shall constitute one and the same agreement. 
 Section 4.11 Termination. This Agreement shall automatically terminate if the
Combination Agreement terminates for any reason so that there is no Closing. 
  

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 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed or have caused this Agreement to be executed
by its respective officers thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above written. 
  

			
	COVALENT GROUP, INC.
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Kenneth M. Borow, M.D.

		 	 Name: Kenneth M. Borow, M.D.
 Title: President/CEO

  
  

	
	OPTION HOLDERS:
	
	/s/ Kai Lindevall
	 Kai Lindevall

	
	 /s/ Petri Manninen
 Petri Manninen

	
	 /s/ Jan Quistgaard
 Jan Quistgaard

	
	 /s/ Hanna Kanerva
 Hanna Kanerva

	
	 /s/ Anna Minkkinen
 Anna Minkkinen

	
	 /s/ Annika Suni
 Annika Suni

	
	 /s/ Marketta Tuomi
 Marketta Tuomi

	
	 /s/ Atilla Yilmazkurtdag
 Atilla Yilmazkurtdag

 [END OF SIGNATURES] 
  

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 EXHIBIT A 
  

												
	 Name, Address of Remedium Option Holder
	  	Remedium
Stock
Option
program	  	Number
of Shares
Subject
to Option	  	Exercise
Price per
Remedium
share	 	 	Date Option
Exercisable/Vesting
Schedule	  	Expiration
	 Kai Lindevall, *
	  	A	  	120	  	750 	€	 	Dec. 1, 2005	  	Jan. 31, 2009
	 Petri Manninen, *
	  	A	  	120	  	750 	€	 	Dec. 1, 2005	  	Jan. 31, 2009
	 Jan Quistgaard, *
	  	A	  	120	  	750 	€	 	Dec. 1, 2005	  	Jan. 31, 2009
	 Hanna Kanerva, *
	  	B	  	60	  	750 	€	 	Dec. 1, 2006	  	Jan. 31, 2009
	 Anna Minkkinen, *
	  	B	  	60	  	750 	€	 	Dec. 1, 2006	  	Jan. 31, 2009
	 Annika Suni, *
	  	B	  	60	  	750 	€	 	Dec. 1, 2006	  	Jan. 31, 2009
	 Marketta Tuomi, *
	  	B	  	60	  	750 	€	 	Dec. 1, 2006	  	Jan. 31, 2009
	 Atilla Yilmazkurtdag, *
	  	B	  	60	  	750 	€	 	Dec. 1, 2006	  	Jan. 31, 2009
	 SUM
	  		  	660	  			 		  	

 *) C/O Remedium Oy, Keilaranta 16, FIN - 02150 Espoo

  

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 EXHIBIT B 
 Shareholder Address 
 and 
 Number of Shares of Remedium Stock Owned 
  

					
	 Name of Stockholder
	  	 Address
	  	Number of Shares Owned
	 Kai Lindevall
	  	 C/O Remedium Oy, Keilaranta 16,
 FIN – 02150
Espoo
	  	5340
			
	 Petri Manninen (through NTGLT Pharma
BVBA)
	  	 C/O Remedium Oy, Keilaranta 16,
 FIN – 02150
Espoo
	  	750

  

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