Document:

Exhibit 10.40

 

*Portions of this exhibit marked [*] are
requested to be treated confidentially.

 

DCVAX®-L MANUFACTURING AND SERVICES
AGREEMENT

 

This Amended and Restated
Services Agreement (this “Agreement”), originally dated April 1, 2011 is entered into, effective as of January 17,
2014 (the “Effective Date”), by and between Cognate BioServices, a Delaware corporation (Cognate”),
and Northwest Biotherapeutics, a Delaware corporation (“NW Bio”).

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS, NW Bio is in
the business of developing immune cell therapies for cancer, and Cognate is in the business of manufacturing clinical grade cellular
products on a contract services basis;

 

WHEREAS, NW Bio and Cognate
previously entered into a Services Agreement for the production of NW Bio’s DCVax® Products by Cognate (the “Prior
Services Agreement”) and a Conversion and Lock-Up Agreement (the “Lock-Up Agreement”);

 

WHEREAS, Cognate has
dedicated cGMP facilities and other facilities to NW Bio programs, and conducted all of NW Bio’s physical operations including
all collections of patient tumor tissues and leukapheresis materials from clinical sites, all manufacturing, quality control,
cryopreservation and banking of all DCVax® products, and all distribution and logistics to the point of care throughout the
US, [*].

 

WHEREAS, both the quantity
and the scope of services NW Bio has requested Cognate to provide greatly exceed the maximum amounts contemplated or provided
for in the Prior Services Agreement, and the parties have jointly determined that the Prior Services Agreement needs to be amended
accordingly, and certain services beyond the core manufacturing services need to be covered in separate agreements;

 

WHEREAS, Cognate has
delivered, and will continue to deliver during the Term of this Agreement, its invoices to NW Bio on a current monthly basis for
the services and facilities for NW Bio’s programs (collectively, the “Manufacturing Bills”);

 

[*]

 

WHEREAS, the parties
desire to provide incentivized compensation in consideration of entering into series of amended and new Services Agreements to
cover the increased amount of contract manufacturing and the wider range and increased amounts of related services by Cognate
for the manufacture, distribution and handling of DCVax®-L Products for clinical trials and for subsequent commercialization;
and

 

[*] Confidential treatment required; certain information omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

 

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WHEREAS, the parties
also desire to update and reformulate their existing Services Agreement into a more comprehensive and complete set of four agreements
consisting of (i) this DCVax-L Manufacturing and Services Agreement, (ii) a new DCVax-Direct Manufacturing and Services Agreement,
(iii) a new Ancilliary Services Agreement, and (iv) a new Manufacturing Expansion Services Agreement;

 

WHEREAS, the parties
also desire to update their existing Quality Agreement associated with the manufacture of DCVax®-L and ensure that the new
or amended Services Agreements meet the requirements set forth in such Quality Agreement.

 

AGREEMENT

 

Now,
Therefore, in consideration of the foregoing recitals and the mutual promises, representations, warranties, and covenants
hereinafter set forth, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged,
the parties hereby agree as follows:

 

SECTION 1:    SERVICES

 

Cognate will provide
to NW Bio, on the terms and conditions set forth herein, Manufacturing Services as provided in Section 1.1. The Manufacturing
Services may be referred to herein as the “Services.” Under separate agreements, Cognate will also provide Ancillary
Services and Manufacturing Expansion Services as provided in Section 1.2.

 

1.1    Manufacturing
Services

 

1.1.1    Scope
of Manufacturing Services.

 

(A.) In the U.S.,
Cognate will provide Manufacturing Services for the production of DCVax®-L products for various cancers, including brain cancer
(the “DCVax®-L Product(s)”). Such Manufacturing Services, together with related Ancillary Services, will comprise
the services necessary for the production and release of the DCVax®-L Products for administration to human patients [*]. The
Manufacturing Services do not include any services after product release at Cognate’s cGMP manufacturing facility and delivery
by Cognate to the shipping company.

 

(B.) Outside the U.S.,
under the Prior Services Agreement Cognate has been providing extensive and ongoing technology transfer, technical support and
general management and oversight of third party providers and manufacturers, and the services required by NW Bio have been growing
and expanding substantially. Following the Effective Date of this Agreement, such services relating to third parties will be provided
under the separate agreements for Ancillary Services. [*]

 

[*] Confidential treatment required; certain information omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

 

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1.1.2    Manufacturing
Services Capacity.    Cognate will commit to providing the necessary facilities and personnel for production
of DCVax®-L Products for such number of Product Lots as is equal to the Maximum Product Lots for which NW Bio pays Facilities
Capacity Payments and Product and Supplies Fees pursuant to Section 2 hereof. If NW Bio requests production of DCVax®-L Products
in excess of the Maximum Product Lots, Cognate will use commercially reasonable efforts to accomplish such excess production as
requested, provided that NW Bio pays for such services in accordance with Section 2 hereof.

 

1.1.3    Regulatory
Standards. The Manufacturing Services will be carried out in accordance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (“cGMP”)
requirements established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), or the equivalent requirements established
by the applicable regulators outside the U.S.

 

1.2    Additional
Agreements

 

Certain additional services
relating to the DCVax-L program will be provided at NW Bio’s request under separate agreements. These include an Ancillary
Services Agreement and a Manufacturing Expansion Services Agreement. The Ancillary Services will include shipping distribution
and logistics services; cryopreservation and storage services; clinical support services; development and validation services;
recordkeeping services, and others. The Manufacturing Expansion Services will include oversight, management and support of third
party manufacturing outside the U.S., [*].

 

1.3    Quality
Agreement

 

Under the prior Services
Agreement, the parties had entered into a Quality Agreement establishing the quality standards to be met in DCVax®-L Products,
the requirements for product release, the respective roles and responsibilities of NWBO and Cognate in these processes, the standards
and procedures for the handling of any deviations from the usual quality standards or product release requirements, and/or any
complaints, the processes and allocation of responsibilities for reporting of these matters, and related subjects. Within one
hundred eighty (180) days after the Effective Date of this Agreement, the parties will update the existing Quality Agreement consistent
with the terms of this Agreement. Such updated Quality Agreement will be attached hereto as Exhibit A and incorporated
herein by reference.

 

SECTION 2:    PAYMENTS

 

2.1    Payments
for Manufacturing Services in the U.S.

 

2.1.1    Facilities
Capacity Payments. 

For regular ongoing
costs associated with facilities and equipment to be used in NW Bio programs, NW Bio will pay a monthly Facilities Capacity Payment.
Such monthly payment does not include start-up costs, shut down costs, capital expenditures or other non-recurring costs (which
are expected to be covered in the separate Manufacturing Expansion Services Agreement). The amount of the monthly Facilities Capacity
Payment will be determined in relation to the capacity to provide for a specified number of Product Lots as follows, and will
escalate with a consumer price index jointly selected by the parties:

 

[*] Confidential treatment required; certain information omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

 

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[*]

 

2.1.2 Fixed
Fees for Manufacturing Services and Supplies; Minimum Commitments. 

 

(A.) For each Product
Lot in the U.S. for which DCVax®-L Product is to be made, Cognate will undertake the Manufacturing Services as provided in
Section 1. NW Bio will pay Cognate a fixed fee per Product Lot for the product costs as part of the Manufacturing Services relating
to that Product Lot (the “Product Fee”). The Product Fee will initially be as follows, and will escalate with a consumer
price index jointly selected by the parties.

 

[*]

 

(B.) In addition,
NW Bio will pay a fixed fee per Product Lot for materials and consumables (including reagents and other) used in the Manufacturing
Services for that Product Lot (the “Supplies Fee”). The amount of such Supplies Fee will be as follows, and will escalate
with the consumer price index jointly selected by the parties.

 

[*]

 

(C.) The Manufacturing
Services do not include any repetition of some or all of the manufacturing processes [*] except as expressly provided for and
paid for, nor any additional processing beyond the standard processing, [*].

 

(D.) Cognate will
hire, train and maintain sufficient technical staff for the manufacture of such volume of DCVax®-L products as specified in
the Minimum Commitment below (or such higher volume as NW Bio may request and may be jointly agreed), and for ongoing regulatory
compliance for such volume of DCVax®-L products.

 

(E.) Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary, NW Bio hereby commits to a minimum volume of DCVax®-L Products (the “Minimum Commitment”)
equal to [*]. 

 

(F.) [*]

 

2.1.3 Start-up,
Change, Reduction and/or Shut-down Costs, Capital Expenditures:

For each program and/or
facility that NW Bio desires to start up, expand, upgrade, change, reduce or shut down, Cognate will prepare budgets for the capital
expenditures required. NW Bio will review and approve the applicable budgets for the capital expenditures involved in each such
program or site start-up, expansion, upgrade, change, reduction or shut-down. NW Bio will pay the budgeted capital expenditures
[*].

 

[*] Confidential treatment required; certain information omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

 

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During the Term of
this Agreement, if NWBO for any reason shuts down, suspends or incurs substantial delay in the DCVax®-L program in whole or
in part, the following shutdown, suspension or delay fees shall apply to cover costs associated with such a shutdown or suspension.
[*].

 

[*].

 

2.1.4 Expansion
Planning and Implementation Costs:

 

Until the Manufacturing
Expansion Services Agreement is executed between the parties, for each program and/or facility that NW Bio desires to expand,
upgrade or change, Cognate will prepare budgets for the costs involved and the capital expenditures required. NW Bio will review
and approve the applicable budgets for the costs and the capital expenditures involved in each such expansion. NW Bio will pay
the budgeted costs and capital expenditures.

 

2.2 Payment for
Manufacturing, and/or Supervisory Services Outside the U.S.

 

[*] Such services will
be covered under a separate Agreement as needed, but in the absence of such a separate Agreement, the parties agree that such
Services will be paid on market terms proportional in the applicable country market to the terms under to this Agreement, adjusted
for the higher costs of such manufacturing services being performed [*].

 

2.3    Reimbursement
of Travel Costs

 

In addition to the payments
for various services and expenses provided in this Section 2, NW Bio will reimburse all travel-related costs incurred by Cognate
in performing any services hereunder. Such reimbursements will include appropriate per diem travel cost payments, to be jointly
agreed by the parties in connection with each set of services, and reimbursement of all travel-related costs not covered by agreed
per diem payments.

 

2.4    [*]

 

[*]

 

2.5    Credit
Terms and Collection Costs

 

If NW Bio does not make
a payment or reimbursement when due, the outstanding unpaid amounts will accrue interest at a default interest rate of one and
one-half percent (1-1/2%) per month. If any collection action is undertaken to collect unpaid amounts, NW Bio will pay all fees
and costs associated with such collection actions including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees, as incurred.

 

[*] Confidential treatment required; certain information omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

 

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2.6    Yearly
Adjustment

 

All payment amounts
referenced in this Agreement shall be subject to a yearly increase of three percent (3%). The first increase shall be effective
on the first invoice after the 12 month anniversary of this Agreement.

 

2.7    Milestone
and Initiation Payments

        

The
disinterested members of the Board of Directors of NW Bio agree that the magnitude of the undertakings now being asked of
Cognate, particularly in view of the extraordinary performance by Cognate to date, and the scale and scope of services
needed, which far exceeds the parties’ expectations when the Prior Agreement was entered into, requires a substantial
initiation payment in connection with the major expansion of the DCVax-L program needed by NW Bio (the
“Initiation Payment”). The disinterested Members of the Board agree that the excess services and accelerated
timelines are of great value to NW Bio. Previously, NW Bio has left approximately half of Cognate’s invoices unpaid for
more than a year. NW Bio desires to recognize and compensate Cognate for its superior performance, and to rectify the payment
situation at Cognate going forward. NW Bio will make an Initiation Payment in connection with the substantial expansion of
the DCVax program pursuant to this Agreement: 1,020,273 shares of NW Bio common stock, and a warrant exercisable for 486,802
shares of NW Bio common stock at $4.00 per share, with an exercise period of five (5) years from issuance, cashless exercise
provisions and most favored nation provisions for anti-dilution protection. [*] NW Bio will also make milestone payments to
Cognate upon the achievement of mutually agreed operational milestones, such as [*]. The securities issued to Cognate hereunder will be subject to a lock-up for up to thirty (30) months from
issuance, or such longer period as the parties may mutually agree. NW Bio will compensate Cognate for such-lock up on market based
terms, and such terms will be subject to most favored nation provisions with respect to any securities issuances, agreements or
exercises involving any other investor or creditor. Under the lock-up, Cognate will be prohibited from selling or trading the covered
securities in the market.

 

2.8    Other
Payment Terms

 

2.8.1 Payment
of Manufacturing Bills Pursuant to Work Performed Under the Terms of this Agreement: Payment of Manufacturing Bills will
be due within fifteen (15) after the invoice date. In the event that NW Bio fails to pay any Manufacturing Bills within fifteen
(15) days after the invoice date, then commencing thirty (30) days after the invoice date and continuing until paid in full by
cash and/or stock, the overdue amount will bear default interest at the rate of one and one-half percent (1-1/2%) per month. At
least half of all Manufacturing Bills during the first eighteen (18) months following the Effective Date of this Agreement (the
“Conversion Period”) will be paid in shares of NW Bio common stock, with the remaining portions of such Manufacturing
Bills paid in cash. [*]. The conversion price for any conversions after the Conversion Period will be jointly determined by the
parties, based upon market factors. With respect to any shares of NW Bio stock to be issued hereunder, Cognate may elect to receive
unregistered shares immediately (with registration rights as provided herein) or to receive registered shares on the earliest
date that any registered shares are issued to any other investors after the date of the Manufacturing Bill being converted [*].

 

2.8.2 Most Favored
Nation Conversion Terms: Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, or in any other document or source, any amounts
owed that are paid by NW Bio in shares, warrants and/or other securities of any kind (such as restricted stock units, convertible
debt securities or other) issued or issuable in connection with this Agreement (including any subsequent amendments hereof) ,
will be subject to adjustment on a most favored nation basis relative to the terms provided or applied to any other investor or
creditor of NW Bio during the Term of this Agreement or the Lock-Up Agreement, so that the terms of all shares, warrants and other
securities issued or issuable under this Agreement will have terms no less favorable to Cognate than the terms of any shares,
warrants and/or other securities issued or issuable to any other investor or creditor during the Term of this Agreement or the
Lock-Up Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the application of most favored nation treatment will include not only the price
and terms of securities issued but also the addition of, and terms relating to, additional securities, and additional rights and/or
benefits to the investor or creditor (including warrants, rights of first refusal, pre-emptive rights, and/or other securities,
rights or benefits). Such most favored nation adjustments may be implemented at any time or times after being times after being
triggered by terms provided to other investors or creditors, and may be triggered on multiple occasions with respect to a particular
security issued hereunder.

 

[*] Confidential treatment required; certain information omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

 

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SECTION 3:    CONFIDENTIALITY

 

In connection with this
Agreement, the parties will maintain a mutual Confidentiality Agreement.

 

SECTION 4:    REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES 

 

4.1    Agreement
Duly Authorized; Valid and Binding Obligations

 

Cognate and NW Bio each
hereby represents and warrants, severally and not jointly, that:

 

4.2.1    Such
party is a corporation or entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction where
such party is domiciled, and has all necessary power and authority to (i) own, operate and occupy its properties and to carry
on its business as presently conducted and (ii) enter into this Agreement and the other agreements, instruments and documents
contemplated hereby, and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. Such party is qualified to do business
and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the failure to so qualify would have a material adverse effect.

 

4.2    All
necessary corporate or other proceedings, votes, resolutions, consents, waivers and approvals relating to the sale and purchase
of shares have been completed by the applicable party. Upon execution, this Agreement will constitute a valid and legally binding
obligation of the party, enforceable in accordance with its terms except (i) as limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium, and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally,
and (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies.

  

4.2    Valid
Issuances; No Violation

 

NW Bio hereby represents
and warrants that:

 

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Upon issuance hereunder,
each conversion share will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. The execution, delivery, performance, issuance, sale
and delivery of this Agreement and compliance with the provisions hereof by NW Bio will not (a) violate any provision of NW Bio’s
certificate of incorporation or bylaws or, to the knowledge of the NW Bio, any law, statute, rule or regulation applicable to
or NW Bio any order, judgment or decree of any court, arbitrator, administrative agency or other governmental body applicable
to NW Bio or any of its assets or (b) conflict with or result in material breach of any of the terms or conditions of any agreement
or instrument to which NW Bio is a party, or given rise to any right of termination, cancellation or acceleration under any such
agreement or instrument, or result in the creation of any lien or other encumbrance upon any of the material assets of NW Bio.

 

4.3    No
Warranties of Merchantability or Fitness

 

EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET
FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, COGNATE MAKES NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY, WITH RESPECT TO ANY DCVAX®-L PRODUCTS OR ANY SERVICES
RENDERED HEREUNDER, OR ANY TECHNOLOGY THAT MAY BE USED IN SUCH SERVICES OR INCORPORATED INTO SUCH DCVAX®-L PRODUCTS.

 

SECTION 5:    INSURANCE,
INDEMNIFICATION, LIABILITY

 

5.1    NW
Bio Insurance Obligations

 

NW Bio is required to obtain
and to maintain throughout the term of this Agreement, in such amounts as are reasonably acceptable to Cognate, (a) clinical trial
insurance covering all clinical trials of DCVax®-L Products, (b) all-risks umbrella insurance, (c) product liability insurance
covering the distribution, use and administration of DCVax®-L Products to patients, and (d) such other insurance as is reasonable
or customary in the industry. Cognate shall be a named insured and beneficiary on all such insurance coverages.

 

5.2    Cognate
Insurance Obligations

 

Cognate is required to
obtain and to maintain throughout the term of this Agreement, in such amounts as are reasonably acceptable to NW Bio, (a) product
liability insurance covering the manufacture of DCVax®-L Products by Cognate, and (b) such other insurance as is reasonable
or customary in the industry. NW Bio shall be a named insured and beneficiary on all such insurance coverages.

 

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5.3    Indemnification

 

In addition to all rights
and remedies available to Cognate at law or in equity, NW Bio will indemnify and hold harmless Cognate and its successors, assigns,
affiliates and their respective present and former directors, officers, partners, employees, agents, representatives, shareholders,
successors and assigns (each an "Indemnified Party") to the fullest extent permitted by law from and against all costs,
expenses, losses, claims, damages, liabilities, [*] (a) arising from or relating to this Agreement and/or any transactions or
services contemplated hereunder, (b) arising from or relating to any changes from the original agreement of the parties as described
herein, or arising from or relating to a delayed agreement, or arising from or relating to delayed payment, delayed conversions
and/or delayed issuances hereunder beyond the applicable Manufacturing Bill dates or other applicable reference dates, and (c)
arising from or relating to any use or administration to patients of DCVax®-L Products manufactured by Cognate, provided that
Cognate has manufactured such DCVax® Products substantially in accordance with the applicable specifications or SOPs for such
DCVax®-L Products and/or with commercially reasonable deviation from such SOPs. NW Bio will pay all fees and expenses (including
reasonable attorneys’ fees), as incurred, which are incurred by or on behalf of an Indemnified Party, or to which an Indemnified
Party may become subject, in connection with any matters covered by this indemnification and/or in connection with investigating,
preparing, pursuing, defending and resolving any threatened or pending claim, action, proceeding or investigation (collectively,
“Proceedings") arising therefrom, whether or not such Indemnified Party is a formal party to such Proceedings.

 

5.4    No
Consequential Damages

 

Notwithstanding anything
to the contrary, in no event shall either party shall be liable hereunder, on any basis, for any indirect or consequential damages.

 

SECTION 6:    TERM
AND TERMINATION

 

6.1    Term

 

This Agreement
will remain in force  until the later of seven (7) years from the Effective Date (the “Term”) or five (5)
years after the first commercial sales of DCVax®-L Products
pursuant to a Biologics License Application or marketing authorization (not a compassionate use, hospital exemption or
similar authorization), unless terminated earlier pursuant to Section 6.2.

 

6.2    Termination

 

Either party may terminate
this Agreement in the event of a material breach by the other party which remains uncured after notice of such breach for a period
of thirty (30) days in the case of a monetary breach, or a period of one hundred twenty (120) days in the case of a non-monetary
breach that is material to the contract taken as a whole.

  

[*] Confidential treatment required; certain information omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

 

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SECTION 7:    REGISTRATION

 

7.1.    Unregistered
Shares.

 

For any conversion shares issued hereunder
which are unregistered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) at the time of issuance,
the certificates evidencing such unregistered conversion shares may, if necessary, bear the following legend (or a substantially
similar legend) and such other legends as may be required by applicable laws:

 

“THESE
SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”). THEY MAY NOT BE SOLD,
OFFERED FOR SALE, PLEDGED OR HYPOTHECATED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT AS TO SUCH SECURITIES UNDER THE
ACT OR UNLESS SUCH TRANSACTION IS IN COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE FEDERAL AND STATE SECURITIES LAWS.”

 

7.2    Registration.

 

Cognate will be entitled to “piggyback”
registration rights, with respect to all unregistered conversion shares issued hereunder and all other shares and securities of
NW Bio owned by Cognate and its affiliates, in any registrations effected by NW Bio until all such shares and securities have
been registered. NW Bio will use commercially reasonable efforts to complete registration of such unregistered conversion shares
by the earlier of six (6) months after the Effective Date of this Agreement or six (6) months after issuance during the Term of
this Agreement.

 

7.3    Registration
Costs.

 

NW Bio will bear all costs and expenses (including
attorneys’ fees) relating to the preparation and filing of all registrations which NW Bio is required to undertake pursuant
to this Agreement. 

 

SECTION 8:    MISCELLANEOUS

 

8.1    Governing
Law

 

This Agreement will be
governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to principles of conflicts of law.

 

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8.2    Entire
Agreement 

 

This Agreement (including
the Exhibits hereto), constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes
all prior agreements, understandings, promises or undertakings with respect to the subject matter hereof, including the prior
Services Agreement, provided however, that the provision in the Prior Services Agreement (and the agreement prior to that) for
a penalty payment of $2 million from NW Bio to Cognate, to which Cognate was entitled in connection with failure by NW Bio to
complete enrollment in NW Bio’s Glioblastoma multiforme clinical trial by a specified date, survives and remains applicable,
and has not been and is not waived, and provided further that this Agreement is part of a package of agreements which also a DCVax®-Direct
Services Agreement and multiple Ancillary Services agreements (including a Distribution, Software and Specialty Services Agreement,
a Manufacturing Expansion and Support Agreement and related agreements).

 

8.3    Amendments

 

Except as otherwise expressly
provided herein, this Agreement may not be amended except by a written instrument signed by both parties hereto.

 

8.4    Adjustments
for Stock Splits and Similar Transactions

 

In the event of a stock
split, reverse split or other similar transaction during the Term of this Agreement, the prices and other numbers herein will
be adjusted accordingly.

 

8.5    Survival

 

The provisions of Sections
2 - 5 herein will survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement until expiration of the applicable statute of limitations.

 

8.6    Notices

 

Any notices, consents,
waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will
be deemed to be effective upon delivery when delivered (a) personally; (b) by facsimile or email, provided a copy is mailed no
later than the next business day through a nationally recognized overnight delivery service; or (c) by overnight delivery through
a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the receiving party at such address or
facsimile number as the receiving party has furnished to the sending party in writing.

 

8.7    Severability

 

If one or more provisions
of this Agreement are held to be unenforceable under applicable law, then such provision shall be excluded from this Agreement,
the balance of the Agreement shall be enforceable in accordance with its terms, and the parties shall negotiate in good faith
to amend or add to the provisions of this Agreement to effectuate as nearly as reasonably practicable, and as nearly as permitted
under applicable law, the original intent of the parties with respect to the provision excluded.

 

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8.8    Successors
and Assigns 

 

Except as otherwise expressly
provided herein, the provisions hereof will be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of the respective successors, assigns, heirs,
executors and administrators of the parties hereto. Neither party hereto may transfer all or any portion of its rights under this
Agreement to a third party other than an affiliate without the prior written consent of the other party hereto.

 

8.9    Interpretations

  

All pronouns and any variations
thereof will be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular or plural, as the identity of the person or persons
or entity or entities may require. All references to “$” or dollars herein will be construed to refer to United States
dollars. The titles of the Sections and subsections of this Agreement are for convenience or reference only and are not to be
considered in construing this Agreement. All references to “including” shall be deemed to mean “including, without
limitation.”

 

8.10    Counterparts

 

This Agreement may be executed
in counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered will constitute a complete and original instrument but all of which
together will constitute one and the same agreement, and it will not be necessary when making proof of this Agreement or any counterpart
thereof to account for any counterpart other than the counterpart of the party against whom enforcement is sought.

 

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[signatures on the following
page]

 

    	13

    	 

    

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the
parties have executed this Services Agreement effective as of the date first set forth above.

 

	NORTHWEST	 	COGNATE BIOSERVICES, INC.
	BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.	 	 	 
	 	 	 	 	 
	By:	 	 	By:	 
	 	 	 	 	 
	Name:	 	 	Name:	 

 

    	14Exhibit 10.41

 

*Portions of this exhibit marked [*] are requested
to be treated confidentially.

 

DCVAX-DIRECT MANUFACTURING AND SERVICES
AGREEMENT

 

This Services Agreement
(this “Agreement”) is entered into, effective as of January 17, 2014(the “Effective Date”),
by and between Cognate BioServices, a Delaware corporation (Cognate”), and Northwest Biotherapeutics, a Delaware corporation
(“NW Bio”).

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS, NW Bio is in
the business of developing immune cell therapies for cancer, and Cognate is in the business of manufacturing clinical grade cellular
products on a contract services basis;

 

WHEREAS, NW Bio and Cognate
previously entered into a Services Agreement for the production of NW Bio’s DCVax® Products by Cognate (the “Prior
Services Agreement”) and a Conversion and Lock-Up Agreement (the “Lock-Up Agreement”);

 

WHEREAS, Cognate has dedicated
cGMP facilities and other facilities to NW Bio programs, and conducted all of NW Bio’s physical operations including all
collections of patient tumor tissues and leukapheresis materials from clinical sites, all manufacturing, quality control, cryopreservation
and banking of all DCVax® products, and all distribution and logistics to the point of care throughout the US, as well as management
and oversight of all such functions in Europe and Israel;

 

WHEREAS, both the quantity
and the scope of services NW Bio has requested Cognate to provide greatly exceed the maximum amounts contemplated or provided for
in the Prior Services Agreement, and the parties have jointly determined that the Prior Services Agreement needs to be amended
accordingly, and certain services beyond the core manufacturing services need to be covered in separate agreements;

 

WHEREAS, Cognate has delivered,
and will continue to deliver during the Term of this Agreement, its invoices to NW Bio on a current monthly basis for the services
and facilities for NW Bio’s programs (collectively, the “Manufacturing Bills”);

 

[*]

 

WHEREAS, Cognate has also
undertaken and completed on a highly accelerated basis [*] NW Bio’s DCVax®-Direct product and the manufacturing thereof,
[*];

 

WHEREAS, building upon
the initial stages of work already completed, the parties desire to carry out the [*]work required, including research and development,
manufacture, distribution and handling of DCVax®-Direct Products for clinical trials and for subsequent commercialization.
[*];

 

 

 

[*]
Confidential treatment requested; certain information omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

    	 

    	 

    

  

WHEREAS, the parties also
desire to update and reformulate their existing Services Agreement into a more comprehensive and complete set of four agreements
consisting of (i) this DCVax-L Manufacturing and Services Agreement, (ii) a new DCVax-Direct Manufacturing And Services Agreement,
(iii) a new Ancilliary Services Agreement, and (iv) a new Manufacturing Expansion Services Agreement; and

 

WHEREAS, the parties also
desire to update their existing Quality Agreement associated with the manufacture of DCVax®-Direct and ensure that the new
or amended Services Agreements meet the requirements set forth in such Quality Agreement.

 

AGREEMENT

 

Now,
Therefore, in consideration of the foregoing recitals and the mutual promises, representations, warranties, and covenants
hereinafter set forth, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged,
the parties hereby agree as follows:

 

SECTION 1:    
SERVICES

 

Cognate will provide
to NW Bio, on the terms and conditions set forth herein, Manufacturing Services as provided in Section 1.1. The Manufacturing Services
may be referred to herein as the “Services.” Under separate agreements, Cognate will also provide Ancillary Services
and Manufacturing Expansion Services as provided in Section 1.2.

 

1.1    Manufacturing
Services

 

1.1.1 Scope of Manufacturing
Services.

 

(A.) In the U.S., Cognate
will provide Manufacturing Services for the production of DCVax®-Direct products for various solid tumor cancers, (the “DCVax®-Direct
Product(s)”). Such Manufacturing Services, together with related Ancillary Services, will comprise the services necessary
for the production and release of the DCVax®-Direct Products for administration to human patients (including, without limitation,
materials management, quarantined inventory, quality control, quality assurance, sterility testing, potency assays and lot release).
The Manufacturing Services do not include any services after product release at Cognate’s cGMP manufacturing facility and
delivery by Cognate to the shipping company.

 

(B.) Outside the U.S.,
under the Prior Services Agreement Cognate has been providing extensive and ongoing technology transfer, technical support and
general management and oversight of third party providers and manufacturers, and the services required by NW Bio have been growing
and expanding substantially. Following the Effective Date of this Agreement, such services relating to third parties will be provided
under the separate agreements for Ancillary Services. [*]. The amounts to be billed by Cognate for such direct Manufacturing Services
outside the U.S. will be jointly agreed by the parties based upon market factors and costs, and are anticipated to be substantially
higher than in the U.S., particularly with respect to direct and indirect personnel costs. This Agreement will include (and will
be further amended and restated as needed to include) direct Manufacturing Services outside the U.S. as soon as Cognate is ready
to begin preparations for and implementation of such Services.

 

 

 

[*]
Confidential treatment requested; certain information omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

    	2

    	 

    

  

1.1.2    Manufacturing
Services Capacity.        Cognate will commit to providing
the necessary facilities and personnel for production of DCVax®-Direct Products [*]. If NW Bio requests production of DCVax®-Direct
Products in excess of the Maximum Product Lots, Cognate will use commercially reasonable efforts to accomplish such excess production
as requested, provided that NW Bio pays for such services in accordance with Section 2 hereof.

 

1.1.3    Regulatory
Standards. The Manufacturing Services will be carried out in accordance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (“cGMP”)
requirements established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), or the equivalent requirements established
by the applicable regulators outside the U.S.

 

1.2    Additional
Agreements

 

Certain additional services
relating to the DCVax-L program will be provided at NW BIO’s request under separate agreements. These include an Ancillary
Services Agreement and a Manufacturing Expansion Services Agreement. The Ancillary Services will include shipping distribution
and logistics services; cryopreservation and storage services; clinical support services; development and validation services;
recordkeeping services, and others. The Manufacturing Expansion Services will include oversight, management and support of third
party manufacturing outside the U.S., [*] and supporting new and/or upgraded or expanded manufacturing capacity for NW BIO’s
programs. 

 

1.3    Quality
Agreement

 

Under the prior Services
Agreement, the parties had entered into a Quality Agreement establishing the quality standards to be met in DCVax®-Direct Products,
the requirements for product release, the respective roles and responsibilities of NW Bio and Cognate in these processes, the standards
and procedures for the handling of any deviations from the usual quality standards or product release requirements, and/or any
complaints, the processes and allocation of responsibilities for reporting of these matters, and related subjects. Within one hundred
eighty (180) days after the Effective Date of this Agreement, the parties will update the existing Quality Agreement consistent
with the terms of this Agreement. Such updated Quality Agreement will be attached hereto as Exhibit A and incorporated
herein by reference.

 

 

 

[*] Confidential treatment
requested; certain information omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

    	3

    	 

    

  

SECTION 2:    PAYMENTS

 

2.1    
Payments for Manufacturing Services in the U.S.

 

2.1.1    
Facilities Capacity Payments.

 

For regular ongoing
costs associated with facilities and equipment to be used in NW Bio programs, NW Bio will pay a monthly Facilities Capacity Payment.
Such monthly payment does not include start-up costs, shut down costs, capital expenditures or other non-recurring costs (which
are expected to be covered in the separate Manufacturing Expansion Services Agreement). The amount of the monthly Facilities Capacity
Payment will be determined in relation to the capacity to provide for a specified number of Product Lots as follows, and will escalate
with a consumer price index jointly selected by the parties:

 

·    [*]

 

·    [*]

 

2.1.2 Fixed Fees
for Manufacturing Services and Supplies; Minimum Commitments. 

 

(A.) [*]

 

(B.) [*]

     [*]

 

     [*]

 

(C.) [*]

 

(D.) Cognate will hire,
train and maintain sufficient technical staff for the manufacture of such volume of DCVax®-Direct products as specified in
the Minimum Commitment below (or such higher volume as NW Bio may request and may be jointly agreed), and for ongoing regulatory
compliance for such volume of DCVax®-Direct products.

 

(E.) Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary, NW Bio hereby commits to a minimum volume of DCVax®-Direct Products (the “Minimum Commitment”)
equal to [*]

 

(F.) [*]

 

 

 

 

[*] Confidential treatment requested; certain information
omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

    	4

    	 

    

  

2.1.3 Start-up,
Change, Reduction and/or Shut-down Costs, Capital Expenditures:

 

For each program and/or
facility that NW Bio desires to start up, expand, upgrade, change, reduce or shut down, Cognate will prepare budgets for the capital
expenditures required. NW Bio will review and approve the applicable budgets for the capital expenditures involved in each such
program or site start-up, expansion, upgrade, change, reduction or shut-down. NW Bio will pay the budgeted capital expenditures.
If NW Bio decides for any reason to shut-down or suspend the DCVax®-Direct program in whole or in part, the following shutdown
or suspension fees shall apply to cover costs associated with such a shutdown or suspension. These fees are separate from and additional
to any other payments under this Agreement, including any remedies in connection with any breach of this Agreement whether such
breach is associated with such shut down, suspension or substantial delay or otherwise.

 

[*]

[*]

[*]

[*]

 

2.1.4 Expansion
Planning and Implementation Costs:

 

Until the Manufacturing
Expansion Services Agreement is executed between the parties, for each program and/or facility that NW Bio desires to expand, upgrade,
or change, Cognate will prepare budgets for the costs involved and the capital expenditures required. NW Bio will review and approve
the applicable budgets for the costs and the capital expenditures involved in each such expansion. NW Bio will pay the budgeted
costs and capital expenditures.

 

2.2 Payment for
Manufacturing, and/or Supervisory Services Outside the U.S.

 

[*]. Such services will
be covered under a separate Agreement, as needed, but in the absence of such a separate Agreement, the parties agree that such
Services will be paid on market terms proportional in the applicable country market to the terms under to this Agreement, adjusted
for the higher costs of such manufacturing services being performed [*].

 

2.3    Reimbursement
of Travel Costs

 

In addition to the payments
for various services and expenses provided in this Section 2, NW Bio will reimburse all travel-related costs incurred by Cognate
in performing any services hereunder. Such reimbursements will include appropriate per diem travel cost payments, to be jointly
agreed by the parties in connection with each set of services, and reimbursement of all travel-related costs not covered by agreed
per diem payments.

 

2.4    [*]

 

[*]

 

 

 

 

 

[*] Confidential treatment requested; certain information
omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

    	5

    	 

    

  

2.5    Credit
Terms and Collection Costs

 

If NW Bio does not make
a payment or reimbursement when due, the outstanding unpaid amounts will accrue interest at a default interest rate of one and
one-half percent (1-1/2%) per month. If any collection action is undertaken to collect unpaid amounts, NW Bio will pay all fees
and costs associated with such collection actions including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees, as incurred.

 

2.6    Yearly
Adjustment

 

All payment amounts referenced
in this Agreement shall be subject to a yearly increase of three percent (3%). The first increase shall be effective on the first
invoice after the 12 month anniversary of this Agreement.

 

2.7    Milestone
and Initiation Payments

 

The disinterested members
of the Board of Directors of NW Bio agree that the magnitude of the undertakings now being asked of Cognate, particularly in view
of the extraordinary performance by Cognate to date, and the scale and scope of services needed, which far exceeds the parties’
expectations when the Prior Agreement was entered into, requires a substantial initiation payment in connection with the launch and expansion of the DCVax-Direct
program (the “Initiation Payment”). The disinterested Members of the Board agree that the excess services and accelerated
timelines are of great value to NW Bio. Previously, NW Bio has left approximately half of Cognate’s invoices unpaid for more
than a year. NW Bio desires to recognize and compensate Cognate for its superior performance, and to rectify the payment situation
at Cognate going forward. NW Bio will make an Initiation Payment pursuant to this Agreement: 1,683,541 shares of NW Bio common
stock and a warrant exercisable for 803,224 shares of NW Bio common stock at $4.00 per share, with an exercise period of five (5)
years from issuance, cashless exercise provisions and most favored nation provisions for anti-dilution protection. NW Bio will also make milestone payments to Cognate upon the achievement
of mutually agreed operational milestones, [*]. The securities issued to Cognate hereunder will be subject to a lock-up for up to thirty (30) months from
issuance, or such longer period as the parties may mutually agree. NW Bio will compensate Cognate for such lock-up on market based
terms, and such terms will be subject to most favored national provisions with respect to any securities issuances, agreements
or exercises involving any other investor or creditor. Under the lock-up, Cognate will be prohibited from selling or trading the
covered securities in the market.

 

2.8    Other
Payment Terms

 

2.8.1 Payment
of Manufacturing Bills Pursuant to Work Performed Under the Terms of this Agreement: Payment of Manufacturing Bills will
be due within fifteen (15) after the invoice date. In the event that NW Bio fails to pay any Manufacturing Bills within fifteen
(15) days after the invoice date, then commencing thirty (30) days after the invoice date and continuing until paid in full by
cash and/or stock, the overdue amount will bear default interest at the rate of one and one-half percent (1-1/2%) per month. At
least half of all Manufacturing Bills during the first eighteen (18) months following the Effective Date of this Agreement (the
“Conversion Period”) will be paid in shares of NW Bio common stock, with the remaining portions of such Manufacturing
Bills paid in cash. [*]. The conversion price for any conversions after the Conversion Period will be jointly determined by the
parties, based upon market factors. With respect to any shares of NW Bio stock to be issued hereunder, Cognate may elect to receive
unregistered shares immediately (with registration rights as provided herein) or to receive registered shares on the earliest date
that any registered shares are issued to any other investors after the date of the Manufacturing Bill being converted. [*].

 

 

 

[*] Confidential treatment requested; certain information
omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

    	6

    	 

    

  

2.8.2 Most Favored
Nation Conversion Terms: Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, or in any other document or source any amounts
owed that are paid by NW Bio in shares, warrants and/or other securities of any kind (such as restricted stock units, convertible
debt securities or other) issued or issuable under in connection with this Agreement (including any subsequent amendments hereof),
will be subject to adjustment on a most favored nation basis relative to the terms provided or applied to any other investor or
creditor of NW Bio during the Term of this Agreement or the Lock-Up Agreement, so that the terms of all shares, warrants and other
securities issued or issuable under this Agreement will have terms no less favorable to Cognate than the terms of any shares, warrants
and/or other securities issued or issuable to any other investor or creditor during the Term of this Agreement or the Lock-Up Agreement.
For the avoidance of doubt, the application of most favored nation treatment will include not only the price and terms of securities
issued but also the addition of, and terms relating to, additional securities, and additional rights and/or benefits to the investor
or creditor (including warrants, rights of first refusal, registration rights, pre-emptive rights, and/or other securities, rights
or benefits). Such most favored nation adjustments may be implemented at any time or times after being triggered by terms provided
to other investors or creditors, and may be triggered on multiple occasions with respect to a particular security issued hereunder.

 

SECTION 3:    
CONFIDENTIALITY

 

In connection with this
Agreement, the parties will maintain a mutual Confidentiality Agreement.

 

SECTION 4:    
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

4.1    Agreement
Duly Authorized; Valid and Binding Obligations

 

Cognate and NW Bio each
hereby represents and warrants, severally and not jointly, that:

 

4.2.1    Such
party is a corporation or entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction where
such party is domiciled, and has all necessary power and authority to (i) own, operate and occupy its properties and to carry on
its business as presently conducted and (ii) enter into this Agreement and the other agreements, instruments and documents contemplated
hereby, and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. Such party is qualified to do business and is in good
standing in each jurisdiction in which the failure to so qualify would have a material adverse effect.

 

4.2    All
necessary corporate or other proceedings, votes, resolutions, consents, waivers and approvals relating to the sale and purchase
of shares have been completed by the applicable party. Upon execution, this Agreement will constitute a valid and legally binding
obligation of the party, enforceable in accordance with its terms except (i) as limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
moratorium, and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, and (ii) as limited
by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies.

 

4.2    Valid
Issuances; No Violation

 

NW Bio hereby represents
and warrants that:

 

    	7

    	 

    

  

Upon issuance hereunder,
each conversion share will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. The execution, delivery, performance, issuance, sale
and delivery of this Agreement and compliance with the provisions hereof by NW Bio will not (a) violate any provision of NW Bio’s
certificate of incorporation or bylaws or, to the knowledge of the NW Bio, any law, statute, rule or regulation applicable to or
NW Bio any order, judgment or decree of any court, arbitrator, administrative agency or other governmental body applicable to NW
Bio or any of its assets or (b) conflict with or result in any material breach of any of the terms or conditions of any agreement
or instrument to which NW Bio is a party, or give rise to any right of termination, cancellation or acceleration under any such
agreement or instrument, or result in the creation of any lien or other encumbrance upon any of the material assets of NW Bio.

 

4.3    No
Warranties of Merchantability or Fitness

 

EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET
FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, COGNATE MAKES NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY, WITH RESPECT TO ANY DCVAX®-DIRECT PRODUCTS OR ANY SERVICES
RENDERED HEREUNDER, OR ANY TECHNOLOGY THAT MAY BE USED IN SUCH SERVICES OR INCORPORATED INTO SUCH DCVAX®-DIRECT PRODUCTS.

 

SECTION 5:    
INSURANCE, INDEMNIFICATION, LIABILITY

 

5.1    NW
Bio Insurance Obligations

 

NW Bio is required to
obtain and to maintain throughout the term of this Agreement, in such amounts as are reasonably acceptable to Cognate, (a) clinical
trial insurance covering all clinical trials of DCVax®-Direct Products, (b) all-risks umbrella insurance, (c) product liability
insurance covering the distribution, use and administration of DCVax®-Direct Products to patients, and (d) such other insurance
as is reasonable or customary in the industry. Cognate shall be a named insured and beneficiary on all such insurance coverages.

 

5.2    Cognate
Insurance Obligations

 

Cognate is required to
obtain and to maintain throughout the term of this Agreement, in such amounts as are reasonably acceptable to NW Bio, (a) product
liability insurance covering the manufacture of DCVax®-Direct Products by Cognate, and (b) such other insurance as is reasonable
or customary in the industry. NW Bio shall be a named insured and beneficiary on all such insurance coverages.

 

    	8

    	 

    

  

5.3    Indemnification

 

In addition to all rights
and remedies available to Cognate at law or in equity, NW Bio will indemnify and hold harmless Cognate and its successors, assigns,
affiliates and their respective present and former directors, officers, partners, employees, agents, representatives, shareholders,
successors and assigns (each an "Indemnified Party") to the fullest extent permitted by law from and against all costs,
expenses, losses, claims, damages, liabilities, [*]) (a) arising from or relating to this Agreement and/or any transactions or
services contemplated hereunder, (b) arising from or relating to any changes from the original agreement of the parties as described
herein, or arising from or relating to a delayed agreement, or arising from or relating to from delayed payment, delayed conversions
and/or delayed issuances hereunder beyond the applicable Manufacturing Bill dates or other applicable reference dates, and (c)
arising from or relating to any use or administration to patients of DCVax®-Direct Products manufactured by Cognate, provided
that Cognate has manufactured such DCVax® Products substantially in accordance with the applicable specifications or SOPs for
such DCVax®-Direct Products and/or with commercially reasonable deviation from such SOPs. NW Bio will pay all fees and expenses
(including reasonable attorneys’ fees), as incurred, which are incurred by or on behalf of an Indemnified Party, or to which
an Indemnified Party may become subject, in connection with any matters covered by this indemnification and/or in connection with
investigating, preparing, pursuing, defending and resolving any threatened or pending claim, action, proceeding or investigation
(collectively, “Proceedings") arising therefrom, whether or not such Indemnified Party is a formal party to such Proceedings.

 

5.4 No Consequential
Damages

 

Notwithstanding anything
to the contrary, in no event shall either party shall be liable hereunder, on any basis, for any indirect or consequential damages.

 

SECTION 6:    TERM
AND TERMINATION

 

6.1    Term

 

This Agreement will
remain in force  until the later of seven (7) years from the Effective Date (the “Term”) or five (5) years after
the first commercial sales of DCVax®-Direct Products
pursuant to a Biologics License Application or marketing authorization (not a compassionate use, hospital exemption or
similar authorization), unless terminated earlier pursuant to Section 6.2.

 

6.2    Termination

 

Either party may terminate
this Agreement in the event of a material breach by the other party which remains uncured after notice of such breach for a period
of thirty (30) days in the case of a monetary breach, or a period of one hundred twenty (120) days in the case of a non-monetary
breach that is material to the contract taken as a whole.

 

 

 

[*] Confidential treatment requested; certain information
omitted and filed separately with the SEC.

    	9

    	 

    

  

SECTION 7:    REGISTRATION

 

7.1. Unregistered Shares.

 

For any conversion shares issued hereunder
which are unregistered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) at the time of issuance,
the certificates evidencing such unregistered conversion shares may, if necessary, bear the following legend (or a substantially
similar legend) and such other legends as may be required by applicable laws:

 

“THESE
SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”). THEY MAY NOT BE SOLD,
OFFERED FOR SALE, PLEDGED OR HYPOTHECATED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT AS TO SUCH SECURITIES UNDER THE
ACT OR UNLESS SUCH TRANSACTION IS IN COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE FEDERAL AND STATE SECURITIES LAWS.”

 

7.2    Registration.    

 

Cognate will be entitled to “piggyback”
registration rights, with respect to all unregistered conversion shares issued hereunder and all other shares and securities of
NW Bio owned by Cognate and its affiliates, in any registrations effected by NW Bio until all such shares and securities have been
registered. NW Bio will use commercially reasonable efforts to complete registration of such unregistered conversion shares by
the earlier of six (6) months after the Effective Date of this Agreement or six (6) months after issuance during the Term of this
Agreement.

 

7.3    Registration
Costs.    

 

NW Bio will bear all costs and expenses (including
attorneys’ fees) relating to the preparation and filing of all registrations which NW Bio is required to undertake pursuant
to this Agreement. 

 

SECTION 8:    
MISCELLANEOUS

 

8.1    Governing
Law

 

This Agreement will be governed
by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to principles of conflicts of law.

 

8.2    Entire
Agreement 

 

This Agreement constitutes
the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior agreements for DCVax®-Direct,
understandings, promises or undertakings with respect to the subject matter hereof, provided however, that this Agreement is part
of a package of agreements which also includes a DCVax®-L Services Agreement and multiple Ancillary Services agreements (including
a Clinical Support, Shipping, Distribution and Logistics, and Scheduling Specialty Services Agreement, a Manufacturing Expansion
and Support Agreement and related agreements).

 

    	10

    	 

    

  

8.3    Amendments

 

Except as otherwise expressly
provided herein, this Agreement may not be amended except by a written instrument signed by both parties hereto.

 

8.4    Adjustments
for Stock Splits and Similar Transactions

 

In the event of a stock
split, reverse split or other similar transaction during the Term of this Agreement, the prices and other numbers herein will be
adjusted accordingly.

 

8.5    Survival

 

The provisions of Sections
2 - 5 herein will survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement until expiration of the applicable statute of limitations.    

 

8.6    Notices

 

Any notices, consents,
waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will
be deemed to be effective upon delivery when delivered (a) personally; (b) by facsimile or email, provided a copy is mailed no
later than the next business day through a nationally recognized overnight delivery service; or (c) by overnight delivery through
a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the receiving party at such address or facsimile
number as the receiving party has furnished to the sending party in writing.

 

8.7    Severability

 

If one or more provisions
of this Agreement are held to be unenforceable under applicable law, then such provision shall be excluded from this Agreement,
the balance of the Agreement shall be enforceable in accordance with its terms, and the parties shall negotiate in good faith to
amend or add to the provisions of this Agreement to effectuate as nearly as reasonably practicable, and as nearly as permitted
under applicable law, the original intent of the parties with respect to the provision excluded.

 

8.8    Successors
and Assigns 

 

Except as otherwise expressly
provided herein, the provisions hereof will be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of the respective successors, assigns, heirs,
executors and administrators of the parties hereto. Neither party hereto may transfer all or any portion of its rights under this
Agreement to a third party other than an affiliate without the prior written consent of the other party hereto.    

 

    	11

    	 

    

  

8.9    Interpretations

 

All pronouns and any variations
thereof will be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular or plural, as the identity of the person or persons
or entity or entities may require. All references to “$” or dollars herein will be construed to refer to United States
dollars. The titles of the Sections and subsections of this Agreement are for convenience or reference only and are not to be considered
in construing this Agreement. All references to “including” shall be deemed to mean “including, without limitation.”

 

8.10    Counterparts

 

This Agreement may be executed
in counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered will constitute a complete and original instrument but all of which
together will constitute one and the same agreement, and it will not be necessary when making proof of this Agreement or any counterpart
thereof to account for any counterpart other than the counterpart of the party against whom enforcement is sought.

 

[signatures on the following
page]

 

    	12

    	 

    

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the
parties have executed this Services Agreement effective as of the date first set forth above.

 

	NORTHWEST	 	COGNATE BIOSERVICES, INC.
	BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.	 	 
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	 	 	 
	By:	 	 	By:	 
	 	 	 	 	 
	Name:	 	 	Name:	 

 

    	13

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