Document:

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                                                                    EXHIBIT 10.6

                          CONSULTING SERVICES AGREEMENT

                                    BETWEEN:

                                DBS HOLDINGS INC.

                                      AND:

                                442668 B.C. LTD.

                                DBS HOLDINGS INC.
                            Suite 1, 8765 Ash Street
                      Vancouver, British Columbia, V6P 6T3
             Telephone: (604) 301-9545 and Facsimile: (604) 301-9546

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                       -- Consulting Services Agreement --
                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

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                          CONSULTING SERVICES AGREEMENT

               THIS CONSULTING SERVICES AGREEMENT is made and dated for
reference effective as at the 1st day of November, 2001 (the "Effective Date")
as fully executed on this ____ day of November, 2001.

BETWEEN:

               DBS HOLDINGS INC., a company duly incorporated under the laws of
               the State of Nevada, U.S.A., and having a business office and an
               address for notice and delivery located at Suite 1, 8765 Ash
               Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6P 6T3

               (the "Company");

                                                               OF THE FIRST PART

AND:

               442668 B.C. Ltd., a company duly incorporated under the laws of
               the Province of British Columbia and having an address for notice
               and delivery located at IRC 331 - 2194 Health Sciences Mall,
               Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia,
               Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3

               (the "Consultant");

                                                              OF THE SECOND PART

               (the Company and the Consultant being hereinafter singularly also
               referred to as a "Party" and collectively referred to as the
               "Parties" as the context so requires).

               WHEREAS:

A.             The Company is a non-reporting company, duly incorporated under
the laws of the State of Nevada, U.S.A., and is in the business of acquiring,
inventing and developing various therapeutics for vascular applications
(collectively, the "Business");

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                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

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B.             The Consultant is a non-reporting company, duly incorporated
under the laws of the Province of British Columbia, and is owned and controlled
by Dr. Wilfred A. Jefferies ("Dr. Jefferies");

C.             Dr. Jefferies specializes in and, in the course of working in and
on behalf of the Biotechnology Laboratory at the University of the Province of
British Columbia, has developed certain expertise in the research, invention and
development of certain technology which may be of material benefit to the
Business of the Company;

D.             The Company is hereby desirous of formally retaining the
Consultant as a consultant, and the Consultant is hereby desirous of accepting
such position, in order to provide the Company, with the exception of any
blood-brain barrier and auto-immunity application-related services, such
scientific, technical, research and technology development services as may be
necessary and determined by the Board of Directors of the Company, from to time
and in its sole and absolute discretion, to develop the Business of the Company
(collectively, the "General Services") during the initial term and during the
continuance of this agreement (the "Agreement");

E.             Since the introduction of the Parties hereto the Parties hereby
acknowledge and agree that there have been various discussions, negotiations,
understandings and agreements between them relating to the terms and conditions
of the proposed General Services and, correspondingly, that it is their
intention by the terms and conditions of this Agreement to hereby replace, in
their entirety, all such prior discussions, negotiations, understandings and
agreements with respect to the proposed General Services; and

F.             The Parties hereto have agreed to enter into this Agreement which
initially replaces, in their entirety, all such prior discussions, negotiations,
understandings and agreements, and, furthermore, which necessarily clarifies
their respective duties and obligations with respect to the within General
Services to be provided hereunder, all in accordance with the terms and
conditions of this Agreement;

               NOW THEREFORE THIS AGREEMENT WITNESSETH that, in consideration of
the mutual covenants and provisos herein contained, THE PARTIES HERETO AGREE AS
FOLLOWS:

                                    ARTICLE 1
                         DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION

1.1            DEFINITIONS. For all purposes of this Agreement, except as
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires, the
following words and phrases shall have the following meanings:

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                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

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        (a)    "Agreement" means this Consulting Services Agreement as from time
               to time supplemented or amended by one or more agreements entered
               into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof;

        (b)    "Arbitration Act" means the Commercial Arbitration Act of the
               Province of British Columbia, R.S.B.C. 1996, as amended, as set
               forth in Article "7" hereinbelow;

        (c)    "Board of Directors" means the Board of Directors of the Company
               as duly constituted from time to time;

        (d)    "Business" has the meaning ascribed to it in recital "A."
               hereinabove;

        (e)    "business day" means any day during which Canadian Chartered
               Banks are open for business in the City of Vancouver, Province of
               British Columbia;

        (f)    "Company" means DBS Holdings Inc., a company duly incorporated
               under the laws of the State of Nevada, U.S.A., or any successor
               company, however formed, whether as a result of merger,
               amalgamation or other action;

        (g)    "Company's Non-Renewal Notice" has the meaning ascribed to it in
               section "3.2" hereinbelow;

        (h)    "Company's Notice of Termination" has the meaning ascribed to it
               in section "3.4" hereinbelow;

        (i)    "Consultant" means 442668 B.C. Ltd., a company duly incorporated
               under the laws of the Province of British Columbia, or any
               successor company, however formed, whether as a result of merger,
               amalgamation or other action;

        (j)    "Dr. Jefferies" means Dr. Wilfred A. Jefferies;

        (k)    "Effective Date" has the meaning ascribed to it in section "3.1"
               hereinbelow;

        (l)    "Effective Termination Date" has the meaning ascribed to it in
               section "3.4" hereinbelow;

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                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

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        (m)    "Expenses" has the meaning ascribed to it in section "4.2"
               hereinbelow;

        (n)    "Fee" has the meaning ascribed to it in section "4.1"
               hereinbelow;

        (o)    "General Services" has the meaning ascribed to it in section
               "2.1" hereinbelow;

        (p)    "Initial Term" has the meaning ascribed to it in section "3.1"
               hereinbelow;

        (q)    "Insurance" has the meaning ascribed to it in section "5.9"
               hereinbelow;

        (r)    "Parties" or "Party" means the Company and/or the Consultant
               hereto, as the context so requires, together with their
               respective successors and permitted assigns as the context so
               requires;

        (s)    "Property" has the meaning ascribed to it in section "5.7"
               hereinbelow;

        (t)    "subsidiary" means any company or companies of which more than
               50% of the outstanding shares carrying votes at all times
               (provided that the ownership of such shares confers the right at
               all times to elect at least a majority of the directors of such
               company or companies) are for the time being owned by or held for
               that company and/or any other company in like relation to that
               company and includes any company in like relation to the
               subsidiary; and

        (u)    "University" means The University of British Columbia, a company
               duly continued under the University Act of the Province of
               British Columbia, or any successor company, however formed,
               whether as a result of merger, amalgamation or other action.

1.2            INTERPRETATION. For the purposes of this Agreement, except as
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

        (a)    the words "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of
               similar import refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any
               particular Article, section or other subdivision of this
               Agreement;

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                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

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        (b)    the headings are for convenience only and do not form a part of
               this Agreement nor are they intended to interpret, define or
               limit the scope or extent of this or any provision of this
               Agreement;

        (c)    any reference to an entity shall include and shall be deemed to
               be a reference to any entity that is a permitted successor to
               such entity; and

        (d)    words in the singular include the plural and words in the
               masculine gender include the feminine and neuter genders, and
               vice versa.

                                    ARTICLE 2
                      SERVICES AND DUTIES OF THE CONSULTANT

2.1            GENERAL SERVICES. During the Initial Term (as hereinafter
determined) and during the continuance of this Agreement the Company hereby
agrees to retain the Consultant as a consultant to and on behalf of the Company,
or to and on behalf of any of the Company's subsidiaries, as the case may be and
as may be determined by the Board of Directors of the Company in its sole and
absolute discretion, and the Consultant hereby agrees to accept such position in
order to provide, with the exception of any blood-brain barrier and
auto-immunity application-related services, such scientific, technical, research
and technology development services as may be necessary and determined by the
Board of Directors of the Company, from to time and in its sole and absolute
discretion, to develop the Business of the Company during the Initial Term and
during the continuance of this Agreement and in accordance with the terms and
conditions of this Agreement (collectively, the "General Services"); it being
expressly acknowledged and agreed by the Parties hereto that the Consultant
shall commit and provide to the Company the General Services on a part-time
basis during the Initial Term and during the continuance of this Agreement for
which the Company, as more particularly set forth hereinbelow, hereby agrees to
pay to the order and direction of the Consultant the Fee and the Expense payment
reimbursements (each as hereinafter determined) in accordance with Article "4"
hereinbelow and during the Initial Term and during the continuance of this
Agreement.

2.2            SPECIFIC SERVICES. Without in any manner limiting the generality
of the General Services to be provided by the Consultant as set forth in section
"2.1" hereinabove, it is hereby also acknowledged and agreed that the Consultant
will provide, with the exception of any blood-brain barrier and auto-immunity
application-related services, the following specific scientific, technical,
research and technology development services to the Company, or to any of the
Company's subsidiaries, as the case may be and as may be determined by the Board
of Directors of the Company in its sole and absolute discretion, and in
connection with the development of the Business of the Company subject, at all
times, to the direction of the Board of Directors of the Company:

                       -- Consulting Services Agreement --
                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

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        (a)    assistance with the initiation, coordination, implementation and
               management of all aspects of any program in connection with the
               scientific research and development of the Business of the
               Company;

        (b)    assistance with the initiation, creation, development,
               coordination and administration of any and all other development
               and maintenance programs in respect of the Business of the
               Company and each of its proposed or potential commercial
               applications;

        (c)    assistance with the ongoing evaluation of all proposed and
               potential development and maintenance programs in respect of the
               Business of the Company;

        (d)    assistance in the negotiation and conclusion of all proposed or
               potential joint venture arrangements in connection with the
               ongoing development and maintenance of the Business of the
               Company and each of its proposed or potential commercial
               applications;

        (e)    assistance in the organization, preparation and dissemination of
               any and all business plans, technical reports, news releases and
               special shareholder or investment reports for the Company, or for
               any of the Company's subsidiaries, as the case may be and as may
               be determined by the Board of Directors of the Company in its
               sole and absolute discretion, and in connection with the ongoing
               development and maintenance of the Business of the Company and
               each of its proposed or potential commercial applications;

        (f)    assistance in the liaison with and the setting up of all
               corporate alliances and regulatory associations for the Company,
               or for any of the Company's subsidiaries, as the case may be and
               as may be determined by the Board of Directors of the Company in
               its sole and absolute discretion, with all required regulatory
               authorities and with potential customers and strategic business
               and financial partners for the purposes of the ongoing
               development and maintenance of the Business of the Company and
               each of its proposed or potential commercial applications;

        (g)    assistance with the identification and recommendation of suitable
               staff for the Company, or for any of the Company's subsidiaries,
               as the case may be and as may be determined by the Board of
               Directors of the Company in its sole and absolute discretion, to
               both provide and lead further consulting services for or in
               connection with the ongoing development and maintenance of the
               Business of the Company and each of its proposed or potential
               commercial applications; and

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                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

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        (h)    assistance in all other scientific, technical, research,
               technology development, maintenance and regulatory services in
               connection with the Business of the Company as may be directed,
               from time to time, by the Board of Directors of the Company in
               its sole and absolute discretion.

               In this regard it is hereby acknowledged and agreed that the
Consultant shall be entitled to communicate with and rely upon the immediate
advice and instructions of Mr. Alan P. Lindsay, the current President, Chief
Executive Officer and a Director of the Company, or upon the advice or
instructions of such other Director or Officer of the Company as Mr. Lindsay
shall, from time to time, designate in times of his absence, in order to
initiate, coordinate and implement the General Services for the Company as
contemplated herein.

2.3            CONSULTANT TO MAKE DR. JEFFERIES AVAILABLE. During the Initial
Term (as hereinafter determined) and during the continuance of this Agreement it
is hereby further acknowledged and agreed that the Consultant will make the
services of Dr. Jefferies available in order to assist the Consultant in the
performance of the General Services hereunder faithfully, diligently, to the
best of the Consultant's abilities and in the best interests of the Company.

2.4            RESTRICTIONS ON GENERAL SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED. It is hereby
acknowledged and agreed that nothing in this Agreement shall:

        (a)    require the Consultant and/or Dr. Jefferies to devote their full
               time and efforts to performing the General Services hereunder;

        (b)    require, or shall be interpreted as requiring, Dr. Jefferies to
               commit a breach of any obligation owed by him, or any limitation
               imposed on him by, the University; or

        (c)    prevent, or be interpreted as preventing, the Consultant and/or
               Dr. Jefferies from performing services similar to the General
               Services for any other person in relation to matters falling
               outside the scope of the Business of the Company.

                                    ARTICLE 3
                      INITIAL TERM, RENEWAL AND TERMINATION

3.1            INITIAL TERM. The initial term of this Agreement (the "Initial
Term") is for a period of five calendar years commencing on the Effective Date
hereof.

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                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

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3.2            RENEWAL BY THE COMPANY. Subject at all times to sections "3.3"
and "3.4" hereinbelow, this Agreement shall renew automatically if not
specifically terminated in accordance with the following provisions. The Company
agrees to notify the Consultant in writing at least 180 calendar days prior to
the end of the Initial Term of its intent not to renew this Agreement (the
"Company's Non-Renewal Notice"). Should the Company fail to provide a Company's
Non-Renewal Notice this Agreement shall automatically renew on a one-year to
one-year basis after the Initial Term until otherwise specifically renewed in
writing by each of the Parties hereto for the next one calendar year or,
otherwise, terminated upon delivery by the Company of a corresponding and
follow-up 180 calendar day Company's Non-Renewal Notice in connection with and
within 180 calendar days prior to the end of any such one year renewal period.
Any such renewal on a one-year basis shall be on the same terms and conditions
contained herein unless modified and agreed to in writing by the Parties.

3.3            TERMINATION FOR CAUSE BY THE COMPANY. Notwithstanding any other
provision of this Agreement, the General Services portion of this Agreement may
be terminated at any time by the Company upon written notice to the Consultant
and, if applicable, damages sought if:

        (a)    the Consultant fails to cure a material breach of any provision
               of this Agreement within 30 calendar days from its receipt of
               written notice from the Company (unless such breach cannot be
               reasonably cured within said 30 calendar days and the Consultant
               is actively pursuing to cure said breach);

        (b)    the Consultant is willfully non-compliant in the performance of
               the Consultant's respective duties under this Agreement within 30
               calendar days from its receipt of written notice from the Company
               (unless such willful non-compliance cannot be reasonably
               corrected within said 30 calendar days and the Consultant is
               actively pursuing to cure said willful non-compliance);

        (c)    the Consultant commits fraud or serious neglect or misconduct in
               the discharge of the Consultant's respective duties hereunder or
               under the law; or

        (d)    the Consultant becomes adjudged bankrupt or a petition for
               reorganization or arrangement under any law relating to
               bankruptcy, and where any such involuntary petition is not
               dismissed within 30 calendar days.

               In any such event the respective obligations of each of the
Parties hereto under this Agreement (and including, without limitation, the
Consultant's ongoing obligation to provide the General Services and the
Company's ongoing obligation to provide the Fee and the Expense payment
reimbursements (each as hereinafter determined)) will immediately terminate.

                       -- Consulting Services Agreement --
                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

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3.4            TERMINATION WITHOUT CAUSE BY THE COMPANY. Notwithstanding any
other provision of this Agreement, this Agreement may also be terminated by the
Company at any time after the Effective Date and during the Initial Term and
during the continuance of this Agreement upon its delivery to the Consultant of
prior written notice of its intention to do so (the "Company's Notice of
Termination") at least 180 calendar days prior to the effective date of any such
termination (the "Effective Termination Date"). In any such event the respective
obligations of each of Parties hereto under this Agreement (and including,
without limitation, the Consultant's ongoing obligation to provide the General
Services and the Company's ongoing obligation to provide the Fee and the Expense
payment reimbursements (each as hereinafter determined)) will continue until
such Effective Termination Date as provided for in the Company's Notice of
Termination and, furthermore, upon the Effective Termination Date the Company
will also be obligated to provide the Consultant the then balance of any Fee and
Expense payment reimbursement which would then be due and owing by the Company
to the Consultant to the completion of the Initial Term of this Agreement and,
in addition, and if this Agreement had then been previously and automatically
renewed for a further one-year period in accordance with section "3.2"
hereinabove, until the end of any such further one-year period in conjunction
with section "3.2".

                                    ARTICLE 4
                 GENERAL SERVICES COMPENSATION OF THE CONSULTANT

4.1            FEE. It is hereby acknowledged and agreed that the Consultant
shall render the General Services as defined hereinabove during the Initial Term
and during the continuance of this Agreement and shall thus be compensated on a
monthly basis by the Company from the Effective Date of this Agreement to the
termination of the same by way of the payment by the Company to the Consultant,
or to the further order or direction of the Consultant as the Consultant may
determine, in the Consultant's sole and absolute discretion, and advise the
Company prior to such payment, of a monthly fee of U.S. $6,000 (the "Fee"),
with such Fee being due and payable by the Company to the Consultant, or to the
further order or direction of the Consultant as the Consultant may determine, in
the Consultant's sole and absolute discretion, and advise the Company prior to
such payment, on the first business day of the month following the then monthly
period of service during the Initial Term and during the continuance of this
Agreement. In this regard, and for the purposes of evidencing the Company's
ongoing commitment to compensate the Consultant together with the Consultant's
ongoing commitment to perform the General Services faithfully, diligently, to
the best of the Consultant's abilities and in the best interests of the Company
during the Initial Term and during the continuance of this Agreement, it is
hereby acknowledged and agreed that the Company shall provide the Consultant, in
the manner aforesaid, with the initial month's Fee payment for the Initial Term
of this Agreement on the first business day following the Effective Date of this
Agreement.

4.2            REIMBURSEMENT OF EXPENSES. It is hereby also acknowledged and
agreed that the Consultant shall be reimbursed for all pre-approved direct
reasonable expenses actually and properly incurred by the Consultant for the
benefit of the Company

                       -- Consulting Services Agreement --
                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

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(collectively, the "Expenses"), which Expenses have first been approved by the
Board of Directors of the Company, and which Expenses, it is hereby acknowledged
and agreed, shall be payable by the Company to the order, direction and account
of the Consultant as the Consultant may designate in writing, from time to time,
in the Consultant's sole and absolute discretion, as soon as conveniently
possible after the prior delivery by the Consultant of written substantiation on
account of each such reimbursable Expense.

                                    ARTICLE 5
            ADDITIONAL OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONSULTANT AND THE COMPANY

5.1            REPORTING BY THE CONSULTANT. At least once in every month, or so
often as may be required by the Company, the Consultant will provide the Board
of Directors of the Company with such information concerning the results of the
Consultant's General Services and activities hereunder for the previous month as
the Board of Directors of the Company may reasonably require. In addition, it is
hereby acknowledged and agreed that any written information or materials
provided by the Consultant to any person or company hereunder will be subject to
the prior review, approval and direction of the Board of Directors of the
Company.

5.2            CONFIDENTIALITY BY THE CONSULTANT. The Consultant will not,
except as authorized or required by the Consultant's duties hereunder, reveal or
divulge to any person or companies any information concerning the organization,
business, finances, transactions or other affairs of the Company, or of any of
its subsidiaries, which may come to the Consultant's knowledge during the
Initial Term and during the continuance of this Agreement, and the Consultant
will keep in complete secrecy all confidential information entrusted to the
Consultant and will not use or attempt to use any such information in any manner
which may injure or cause loss either directly or indirectly to the Company's
respective businesses. This restriction will continue to apply after the
termination of this Agreement without limit in point of time but will cease to
apply to information or knowledge which may come into the public domain.

5.3            COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE LAWS BY THE CONSULTANT. The Consultant
will comply with all Canadian, U.S. and foreign laws, whether federal,
provincial or state, applicable to the Consultant's duties hereunder and, in
addition, hereby represents and warrants that any information which the
Consultant may provide to any person or company hereunder will, to the best of
the Consultant's knowledge, information and belief, be accurate and complete in
all material respects and not misleading, and will not omit to state any fact or
information which would be material to such person or company.

5.4            OPINIONS, REPORTS AND ADVICE OF THE CONSULTANT. The Consultant
acknowledges and agrees that all written and oral opinions, reports, advice and
materials provided by the Consultant to the Company in connection with the
Consultant's engagement hereunder are intended solely for the Company's benefit
and for the Company's use only, and that any such written and oral opinions,
reports, advice and information are the exclusive property of the Company. In
this regard the Consultant covenants and agrees that the Company may utilize any
such opinion, report, advice and

                       -- Consulting Services Agreement --
                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

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materials for any purpose whatsoever and, furthermore, may reproduce,
disseminate, quote from and refer to, in whole or in part, and at any time any
such opinion, report, advice and materials in the Company's sole and absolute
discretion. The Consultant further covenants and agrees that any such written
opinions, reports, advice or materials shall, unless otherwise required by the
Company, be provided by the Consultant to the Company in a form and with such
substance as would be acceptable for filing with and approval by any regulatory
authority having jurisdiction over the affairs of the Company from time to time.

5.5           COVENANT BY THE COMPANY IN CONNECTION WITH THE CONSULTANT'S
OPINIONS, REPORTS AND ADVICE. The Company hereby covenants and agrees with the
Consultant that it shall not alter the form or substance of any written or oral
opinions, reports, advice or information provided by the Consultant to the
Company in connection with the Consultant's engagement hereunder without the
prior written consent of the Consultant in each such specific instance.

5.6            CONSULTANT'S BUSINESS CONDUCT. The Consultant warrants that it
shall conduct its General Services and other related activities in a manner
which is lawful and reputable and which brings good repute to the Company, to
the Consultant and to the Business of the Company. In this regard the Consultant
warrants to provide all General Services in a sound and professional manner such
that the same meets superior standards of performance quality within the
standards of the industry or as set by the specifications of the Company. In the
event that the Company has a reasonable concern that the General Services as
conducted by the Consultant, or the conduct of any individual thereof, is being
conducted in a way contrary to law or is reasonably likely to bring disrepute to
the Business of the Company or to the Company's or to the Consultant's
reputation, the Company may require that the Consultant make such alterations in
its conduct, personnel or structure, whether of management, employee or
consultant or sub-licensee representation, as the Company may reasonably
require, in its sole and absolute discretion, failing which the Company, in its
sole and absolute discretion, may terminate this Agreement upon 30 calendar
days' prior written notice to the Consultant. In this regard, however, it is
hereby expressly acknowledged and agreed by the Parties hereto that nothing in
this Agreement shall require the Consultant to undertake any act which would
contravene any of the policies of the University as may be determined by the
University from time to time and in its sole and absolute discretion. In the
event of any debate or dispute as to the reasonableness of the Company's request
or requirements, the judgment of the Company shall be deemed correct until such
time as the matter has been determined by arbitration in accordance with Article
"7" hereinbelow.

5.7            RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP TO THE BUSINESS AND RELATED PROPERTY. The
Consultant hereby acknowledges and agrees that the Company's Business, together
with any products or improvements derived therefrom and any trade marks or trade
names used in connection with the same (collectively, the "Property"), are
wholly owned and controlled by the Company. Correspondingly, neither this
Agreement, nor the operation of the research and development and the
distribution and marketing Business contemplated by this Agreement, confers or
shall be deemed to confer upon the Consultant any interest whatsoever in and to
any of the Property. In this regard the Consultant hereby further covenants and
agrees not to, during or after the Initial Term

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                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

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and the continuance of this Agreement, contest the title to any of the Company's
Property interests, in any way dispute or impugn the validity of the Company's
Property interests or take any action to the detriment of the Company's
interests therein. The Consultant acknowledges that, by reason of the unique
nature of the Property interests, and by reason of the Consultant's knowledge of
and association with the Property interests during the Initial Term and during
the continuance of this Agreement, the aforesaid covenant, both during the
continuance of this Agreement and thereafter, is reasonable and commensurate for
the protection of the legitimate Business of the Company. As a final note, the
Consultant hereby further covenants and agrees to immediately notify the Company
of any infringement of or challenge to the any of the Company's Property
interests as soon as the Consultant becomes aware of the infringement or
challenge.

5.8            BOARD OF DIRECTORS. During the Initial Term and during the
continuance of this Agreement it is hereby acknowledged and agreed that
management of the Company will consult with the Consultant and consider the
Consultant's advice in connection with the proposed appointment by the Company
of any further members to the present Board of Directors of the Company.

5.9            DIRECTORS' AND OFFICERS' LIABILITY INSURANCE. During the Initial
Term and during the continuance of this Agreement it is hereby acknowledged and
agreed that the Company will use its best efforts to seek and obtain directors'
and officers' liability insurance (collectively, the "Insurance") for its Board
of Directors and Executive Officers which in no case shall be less than the
insurance which a reasonable and prudent businessman carrying on a similar line
of business would acquire from time to time. In connection with the foregoing it
is hereby further acknowledged and agreed that any such Insurance shall be
placed with a reputable and financially secure insurance carrier and shall
include the Company as an additional insured and shall provide primary coverage
with respect to the activities contemplated by this Agreement. Furthermore, it
is also intended that any such Insurance policy(ies) shall include severability
of interest and cross-liability provisions and shall provide that the
policy(ies) shall not be canceled or materially altered except upon at least 30
calendar days' prior written notice to each of the relevant parties thereto.

5.10           INDEMNIFICATION OF DR. JEFFERIES AS A DIRECTOR AND/OR OFFICER OF
THE COMPANY OR ANY SUBSIDIARY. During the Initial Term (as hereinafter
determined) and during the continuance of this Agreement it is hereby also
acknowledged and agreed that, should Dr. Jefferies agree to serve the Company,
or any subsidiary of the Company as the case may be, as a Director and/or
Officer thereof, both Dr. Jefferies and the Consultant shall thereupon be
indemnified by the Company and funded on a current basis for all losses,
damages, legal expenses and any other expenses or costs of any nature which may
be occasioned by any previous acts, deeds and/or conduct of any existing or
previous Directors and/or Officers of the Company or any subsidiary of the
Company. Inter alia, this indemnity shall apply to all manner of actions,
proceedings or prosecutions, whether civil, regulatory or criminal, to which
either Dr. Jefferies or the Consultant may be subject due in whole or in part to
the General Services provided herein or by virtue of any office held. This
indemnity shall apply both during and after the Initial Term and the continuance
of this Agreement for all matters arising during the same, and any extension,
until any limitation period has expired in respect to any action which might be

                       -- Consulting Services Agreement --
                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

<PAGE>
                                     - 13 -

contemplated. The Company shall not refuse coverage for any purpose or reason
and a strict presumption of innocence shall be applied and the Company may only
seek refund of any coverage in the case of finding of fraud or criminal
culpability, after exhaustion of all appeals. The Company shall diligently seek
and support any such court approvals for the within indemnity as Dr. Jefferies
and the Consultant may require. Dr. Jefferies and the Consultant shall pay all
such retainers and trust requirements as counsel for Dr. Jefferies and the
Consultant may require and shall pay all accounts of counsel as they come due
and such accounts shall be rendered in the name of the Company and, furthermore,
and should the Company fail to pay any reasonable account, it shall attorn to
all such actions, summary judgments and garnishing orders as such counsel may
consider fit to enforce and receive payment of its account. The Company shall
not seek to settle or compromise any action without the approval of Dr.
Jefferies and the Consultant. The Company warrants it shall employ due diligence
and good faith and seek the best interests of Dr. Jefferies and the Consultant
as a defendant in any action or prosecution. Dr. Jefferies and the Consultant
shall permit the Company to consult with their counsel and to be informed of any
matters thereof, subject only to any requirements for legal privilege purposes.

                                    ARTICLE 6
                                  FORCE MAJEURE

6.1            EVENTS. If either Party hereto is at any time either during this
Agreement or thereafter prevented or delayed in complying with any provisions of
this Agreement by reason of strikes, walk-outs, labour shortages, power
shortages, fires, wars, acts of God, earthquakes, storms, floods, explosions,
accidents, protests or demonstrations by environmental lobbyists or native
rights groups, delays in transportation, breakdown of machinery, inability to
obtain necessary materials in the open market, unavailability of equipment,
governmental regulations restricting normal operations, shipping delays or any
other reason or reasons beyond the control of that Party, then the time limited
for the performance by that Party of its respective obligations hereunder shall
be extended by a period of time equal in length to the period of each such
prevention or delay.

6.2            NOTICE. A Party shall within three calendar days give notice to
the other Party of each event of force majeure under section "6.1" hereinabove,
and upon cessation of such event shall furnish the other Party with notice of
that event together with particulars of the number of days by which the
obligations of that Party hereunder have been extended by virtue of such event
of force majeure and all preceding events of force majeure.

                                    ARTICLE 7
                                   ARBITRATION

7.1            MATTERS FOR ARBITRATION. The Parties agree that all questions or
matters in dispute with respect to this Agreement shall be submitted to
arbitration pursuant to the terms hereof.

                       -- Consulting Services Agreement --
                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

<PAGE>
                                     - 14 -

7.2            NOTICE. It shall be a condition precedent to the right of any
Party to submit any matter to arbitration pursuant to the provisions hereof,
that any Party intending to refer any matter to arbitration shall have given not
less than five business days' prior written notice of its intention to do so to
the other Party together with particulars of the matter in dispute. On the
expiration of such five business days the Party who gave such notice may proceed
to refer the dispute to arbitration as provided for in section "7.3"
hereinbelow.

7.3            APPOINTMENTS. The Party desiring arbitration shall appoint one
arbitrator, and shall notify the other Party of such appointment, and the other
Party shall, within five business days after receiving such notice, appoint an
arbitrator, and the two arbitrators so named, before proceeding to act, shall,
within five business days of the appointment of the last appointed arbitrator,
unanimously agree on the appointment of a third arbitrator, to act with them and
be chairman of the arbitration herein provided for. If the other Party shall
fail to appoint an arbitrator within five business days after receiving notice
of the appointment of the first arbitrator, and if the two arbitrators appointed
by the Parties shall be unable to agree on the appointment of the chairman, the
chairman shall be appointed in accordance with the Arbitration Act. Except as
specifically otherwise provided in this section, the arbitration herein provided
for shall be conducted in accordance with such Arbitration Act. The chairman, or
in the case where only one arbitrator is appointed, the single arbitrator, shall
fix a time and place for the purpose of hearing the evidence and representations
of the Parties, and he shall preside over the arbitration and determine all
questions of procedure not provided for by the Arbitration Act or this section.
After hearing any evidence and representations that the Parties may submit, the
single arbitrator, or the arbitrators, as the case may be, shall make an award
and reduce the same to writing, and deliver one copy thereof to each of the
Parties. The expense of the arbitration shall be paid as specified in the award.

7.4            AWARD. The Parties agree that the award of a majority of the
arbitrators, or in the case of a single arbitrator, of such arbitrator, shall be
final and binding upon each of them.

                                    ARTICLE 8
                               GENERAL PROVISIONS

8.1            ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement
to date between the Parties hereto and supersedes every previous agreement,
expectation, negotiation, representation or understanding, whether oral or
written, express or implied, statutory or otherwise, between the Parties with
respect to the subject matter of this Agreement.

8.2            NO ASSIGNMENT. This Agreement may not be assigned by either Party
hereto except with the prior written consent of the other Party.

                       -- Consulting Services Agreement --
                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

<PAGE>
                                     - 15 -

8.3            NOTICE. Each notice, demand or other communication required or
permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be sent
by prepaid registered mail deposited in a recognized post office and addressed
to the Party entitled to receive the same, or delivered to such Party, at the
address for such Party specified on the front page of this Agreement. The date
of receipt of such notice, demand or other communication shall be the date of
delivery thereof if delivered, or, if given by registered mail as aforesaid,
shall be deemed conclusively to be the third day after the same shall have been
so mailed, except in the case of interruption of postal services for any reason
whatsoever, in which case the date of receipt shall be the date on which the
notice, demand or other communication is actually received by the addressee.
Either Party may at any time and from time to time notify the other Party in
writing of a change of address and the new address to which notice shall be
given to it thereafter until further change.

8.4            TIME OF THE ESSENCE. Time will be of the essence of this
Agreement.

8.5            ENUREMENT. This Agreement will enure to the benefit of and will
be binding upon the Parties hereto and their respective heirs, executors,
administrators and assigns.

8.6            CURRENCY. Unless otherwise stipulated, all payments required to
be made pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement and all money amount
references contained herein are in lawful currency of Canada.

8.7            FURTHER ASSURANCES. The Parties will from time to time after the
execution of this Agreement make, do, execute or cause or permit to be made,
done or executed, all such further and other acts, deeds, things, devices and
assurances in law whatsoever as may be required to carry out the true intention
and to give full force and effect to this Agreement.

8.8            REPRESENTATION AND COSTS. It is hereby acknowledged by each of
the Parties hereto that, as between the Company and the Consultant herein,
Devlin Jensen acts solely for the Company, and that the Consultant has been
advised by both Devlin Jensen and the Company to obtain independent legal advice
with respect to the Consultant's review and execution of this Agreement. In
addition, it is hereby further acknowledged and agreed by the Parties hereto
that each Party to this Agreement will bear and pay its own costs, legal and
otherwise, in connection with its respective preparation, review and execution
of this Agreement and, in particular, that the costs involved in the preparation
of this Agreement, and all documentation necessarily incidental thereto, by
Devlin Jensen shall be at the cost of the Company.

8.9            APPLICABLE LAW. The situs of this Agreement is Vancouver, British
Columbia, and for all purposes this Agreement will be governed exclusively by
and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws and Courts prevailing in
the Province of British Columbia.

                       -- Consulting Services Agreement --
                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

<PAGE>
                                     - 16 -

8.10           SEVERABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION. Each Article, section, paragraph,
term and provision of this Agreement, and any portion thereof, shall be
considered severable, and if, for any reason, any portion of this Agreement is
determined to be invalid, contrary to or in conflict with any applicable present
or future law, rule or regulation in a final unappealable ruling issued by any
court, agency or tribunal with valid jurisdiction in a proceeding to which any
Party hereto is a party, that ruling shall not impair the operation of, or have
any other effect upon, such other portions of this Agreement as may remain
otherwise intelligible (all of which shall remain binding on the Parties and
continue to be given full force and effect as of the date upon which the ruling
becomes final).

8.11           CAPTIONS. The captions, section numbers and Article numbers
appearing in this Agreement are inserted for convenience of reference only and
shall in no way define, limit, construe or describe the scope or intent of this
Agreement nor in any way affect this Agreement.

8.12           COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be signed by the Parties hereto
in as many counterparts as may be necessary, and via facsimile if necessary,
each of which so signed being deemed to be an original and such counterparts
together constituting one and the same instrument and, notwithstanding the date
of execution, being deemed to bear the execution date as set forth on the front
page of this Agreement.

8.13           NO PARTNERSHIP OR AGENCY. The Parties have not created a
partnership and nothing contained in this Agreement shall in any manner
whatsoever constitute any Party the partner, agent or legal representative of
the other Party, nor create any fiduciary relationship between them for any
purpose whatsoever.

8.14           CONSENTS AND WAIVERS. No consent or waiver expressed or implied
by either Party in respect of any breach or default by the other in the
performance by such other of its obligations hereunder shall:

        (a)    be valid unless it is in writing and stated to be a consent or
               waiver pursuant to this section;

        (b)    be relied upon as a consent to or waiver of any other breach or
               default of the same or any other obligation;

        (c)    constitute a general waiver under this Agreement; or

        (d)    eliminate or modify the need for a specific consent or waiver
               pursuant to this section in any other or subsequent instance.

                       -- Consulting Services Agreement --
                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --

<PAGE>
                                     - 17 -

               IN WITNESS WHEREOF the Parties hereto have hereunto set their
respective hands and seals as at the Effective Date as hereinabove determined.

The COMMON SEAL of                          )
DBS HOLDINGS INC.,                          )
the Company herein,                         )
was hereunto affixed in the presence of:    )                 (C/S)
                                            )
                                            )
per /Alan Lindsay/                          )
----------------------------------------    )
Authorized Signatory                        )

The COMMON SEAL of                          )
442668 B.C. LTD.,                           )
the Consultant herein,                      )
was hereunto affixed in the presence of:    )                 (C/S)
                                            )
                                            )
 per /Wilfred Jefferies/                    )
----------------------------------------    )
Authorized Signatory                        )

                                   ----------

                       -- Consulting Services Agreement --
                             -- DBS Holdings Inc. --<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.1

                            LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION

                             1999 STOCK OPTION PLAN

                 AMENDED AND RESTATED EFFECTIVE OCTOBER 8, 2001

        SECTION 1 PURPOSE OF PLAN

        This 1999 Stock Option Plan (the "Plan") is adopted as of November 5,
1998 (the "Effective Date"). The purpose of the Plan is to enable Lam Research
Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), to attract and retain
highly qualified personnel who will contribute to the Company's success by their
ability, ingenuity and industry by allowing eligible individuals to acquire or
increase proprietary interests in the Company as an incentive to remain in the
service of the Company.

        SECTION 2 DEFINITIONS

        For purposes of the Plan, the following terms shall be defined as set
forth below:

               (a) "Administrator" means the Board, or if and to the extent the
        Board does not administer the Plan, the Committee appointed by the Board
        to administer the Plan.

               (b) "Board" means the Board of Directors of the Company.

               (c) "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
        from time to time, or any successor thereto.

               (d) "Committee" means the Stock Committee of the Board or any
        Committee the Board may subsequently appoint to administer the Plan. If
        at any time or to any extent the Board shall not administer the Plan,
        Then the functions of the Board or Administrator specified in the Plan
        shall be exercised by the Committee.

               (e) "Designated Subsidiaries" means the Subsidiaries that have
        been designated by the Board or Administrator from time to time in its
        sole discretion, whose Employees are thereon eligible to participate in
        this Plan.

               (f) "Date of Grant" means the date on which the award of a Stock
        Option is effective.

               (g) "Disability" means the inability of a Participant to perform
        substantially his or her duties and responsibilities to the Company by
        reason of a physical or mental disability or infirmity (i) for a
        continuous period of six months, or (ii) at such earlier time as the
        Participant submits medical evidence satisfactory to the Administrator
        that he or she has a physical or mental disability or infirmity which
        will likely prevent him or her from returning to the performance of his
        or her work duties for six months or longer. The date of such Disability
        shall be the date of interruption of or separation from employment with
        the Company due to such Disability or The day on which the Participant
        submits such satisfactory medical evidence establishing such Disability,
        as the case may be.

               (h) "Employee" means any person who is customarily and
        continuously employed for at least 20 hours per week by the Company or
        one of its Designated Subsidiaries. Unless the Administrator makes a
        contrary determination, the Employees of the Company shall, for all
        purposes of this Plan, be those individuals who satisfy the customary
        employment criteria set forth above and are carried as employees by the
        Company or a Designated Subsidiary for regular payroll purposes;
        provided however, that an Employee's continuous employment shall not be
        considered interrupted in the case of a leave of absence agreed to in
        writing by the Company, where such leave is for a period of not more
        than 90 days or where re-employment upon the expiration of any such
        leave is guaranteed by contract or statute.

               (i) "Fair Market Value" means, as of any given date, with respect
        to any Stock Option award granted hereunder, and at the discretion of
        the Administrator, any of the following: (i) if the Stock is publicly
        traded, the closing sale price of the Stock on such date as reported in
        the Wall Street Journal, or

<PAGE>

        the average of the closing price of the Stock on each day on which the
        Stock was traded over a period of up to twenty trading days immediately
        prior to such date, (ii) the fair market value of the Stock as
        determined in accordance with a method prescribed in the agreement
        evidencing any award hereunder, or (iii) the fair market value of the
        Stock as otherwise determined by the Administrator in the good faith
        exercise of its discretion.

               (j) "Parent Corporation" means any corporation (other the
        Company) in an unbroken chain of corporations ending with the Company,
        if each of the corporations in the chain (other than the Company) owns
        stock possessing 50% or more of the combined voting power of all classes
        of stock in one of the other corporations in the chain.

               (k) "Participant" means any Employee determined to be eligible to
        be awarded Stock Options under this Plan.

               (l) "Stock" means the common stock, par value $0.001 per share
        (the "Common Stock"), of the Company.

               (m) "Stock Option" means any option to purchase shares of Stock
        granted pursuant to this Plan. Each Stock Option shall be a
        non-qualified stock option which, as of the time such Stock Option is
        granted, shall not be treated as an Incentive Stock Option within the
        meaning of Section 422 of the Code.

               (n) "Subsidiary" means any corporation (other than the Company)
        in an unbroken chain of corporations beginning with the Company, if each
        of the corporations (other than the last corporation) in the unbroken
        chain owns stock possessing 50% or more of the total combined voting
        power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in the
        chain.

        SECTION 3 ADMINISTRATION OF PLAN

        The Administrator shall have full authority (subject to the provisions
of this Plan) to establish such rules and regulations as it deems appropriate
for the proper administration of this Plan, and to make such determinations and
interpretations concerning this Plan and Stock Options awarded under this Plan
as it deems necessary or advisable.

        In particular, the Administrator shall have the authority, consistent
with the terms of the Plan:

               (a) to select those Employees who shall be Participants;

               (b) to determine whether and to what extent Stock Options are to
        be awarded hereunder to Participants;

               (c) to determine the number of shares of Stock to be covered by
        each such Stock Option awarded hereunder, including the maximum term for
        which a Stock Option is to be outstanding;

               (d) to determine the terms and conditions of any Stock Option
        awarded hereunder; and

               (e) to determine the terms and conditions which shall govern all
        written instruments evidencing the Stock Options awarded to
        Participants.

        The Administrator shall have the authority, in its discretion, to adopt,
alter and repeal such administrative rules, guidelines and practices governing
the Plan as it shall from time to time deem advisable; to interpret the terms
and provisions of the Plan and any Stock Option awarded under the Plan (and any
agreements relating thereto); and otherwise to supervise the administration of
the Plan. All decisions made by the Administrator pursuant to the
administration, interpretation and execution of the Plan shall be final and
binding on all persons, including the Company and the Participants.

        SECTION 4 STOCK SUBJECT TO PLAN

        The total number of shares of Stock reserved and available for issuance
under the Plan shall be twenty-four million five hundred thousand (24,500,000),
subject to adjustment from time to time in accordance with this Section, or as
provided by amendment of the Board. The shares may be authorized but unissued
shares of Common Stock or reacquired shares of Common Stock, including shares
repurchased by the Company on the open market or in private purchases.

<PAGE>

        To the extent that (i) a Stock Option expires or is otherwise terminated
without being exercised, or (ii) any shares of Stock awarded hereunder are
forfeited, such shares shall again be available for issuance in connection with
future awards under the Plan. If any shares of Stock have been pledged as
collateral for indebtedness incurred by a Participant in connection with the
exercise of a Stock Option, and such shares are returned to the Company in
satisfaction of such indebtedness, such shares shall again be available for
issuance in connection with future awards under the Plan.

        In the event of any merger, reorganization, consolidation,
recapitalization, stock dividend or other change in corporate structure of the
Company affecting the Stock, a substitution or adjustment shall be made in (i)
the aggregate number of shares reserved for issuance under the Plan, and/or (ii)
the kind, number and class of shares and option price of shares subject to
outstanding Stock Options granted under the Plan, as may be determined by the
Administrator, in its sole discretion. Such other substitutions or adjustments
shall be made as may be determined by the Administrator, in its sole discretion.

        In connection with any event described in this paragraph, the
Administrator may provide, in its discretion, for the cancellation of any
outstanding grants and payment in cash or other property therefor. The
adjustments determined by the Administrator shall be final, binding, and
conclusive.

        SECTION 5 ELIGIBILITY

        Unless otherwise designated by the Administrator, Participants eligible
to be awarded Stock Options under the Plan include Employees whose services
contribute to the management, growth or financial success of the Company (or a
Parent Corporation or a Subsidiary), or consultants, advisors or independent
contractors who provide valuable services to the Company (or a Parent
Corporation or a Subsidiary). Any Member of the Board or member of the Company's
senior management (which specifically includes, but is not limited to, all
"officers" of the Company, as that term is intended under Rule 16(b) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Rule 16(b)")), and any principal
stockholder otherwise an eligible Employee, consultant, advisor or independent
contractor of the Company, is not eligible to be awarded Stock Options under
this Plan.

        SECTION 6 DISCRETIONARY GRANTS OF STOCK OPTIONS

        Any Stock Option granted under the Plan shall be in such form as the
Administrator may from time to time approve, and the provisions of Stock Option
awards need not be the same with respect to each optionee. Recipients of Stock
Options shall enter into an option agreement with the Company, in such form as
the Administrator shall determine, which agreement shall set forth, among other
things, the exercise price of the option, the term of the option and provisions
regarding exercisability of the option awarded thereunder. More than one option
may be awarded to the same optionee and be outstanding concurrently hereunder.

        Stock Options awarded under the Plan shall be subject to the following
terms and conditions and shall contain such additional terms and conditions, not
inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, as the Administrator shall deem
desirable:

               (a) Option Price. The option price per share of Stock purchasable
        under a Stock Option shall be determined by the Administrator in its
        sole discretion as of the Date of Grant but shall not be less than 100%
        of the Fair Market Value of the Stock on such date.

               (b) Option Term. The term of each Stock Option shall be fixed by
        the Administrator, but no Stock Option shall be exercisable more than
        ten years after the date such Stock Option is granted.

               (c) Exercisability. Stock Options shall be exercisable at such
        time or times and subject to such terms and conditions as shall be
        determined by the Administrator at or after grant. The Administrator may
        provide, in its discretion, that any Stock Option shall be exercisable
        only in installments, and the Administrator may waive such installment
        exercise provisions at any time in whole or in part based on such
        factors as the Administrator may determine, in its sole discretion,
        including, but not limited to, in connection with any "change in
        control" of the Company, as defined in any stock option agreement or
        otherwise.

               (d) Method of Exercise. Subject to Section 6(c), above, Stock
        Options may be exercised in whole or in part at any time during the
        option period, by giving written notice of exercise to the Company

<PAGE>

        specifying the number of shares to be purchased, accompanied by payment
        in full of the option exercise price, as provided below or as otherwise
        determined by the Administrator. As determined by the Administrator, in
        its sole discretion, payment in whole or in part may also be made by
        means of any cashless exercise procedure approved by the Administrator.
        An optionee shall generally have the rights to dividends and any other
        rights of a stockholder with respect to the Stock subject to the Stock
        Option, including the right to vote any such Stock, only after the
        optionee has given written notice of exercise, has paid in full for such
        shares, and, if requested, has given the representation described in
        paragraph (a) of Section 9, below. The option exercise price shall be
        immediately due upon exercise of the Stock Option and shall be payable
        in one or a combination of the following forms:

                      (i) cash or check payable to the Company drawn on good and
               sufficient funds;

                      (ii) shares of Common Stock held by the optionee for the
               period necessary to avoid a charge to purposes and valued at Fair
               Market Value on the exercise date; or

                      (iii) a broker-dealer sale-and-remittance procedure
               pursuant to which the optionee shall provide irrevocable written
               instructions (x) to a designated brokerage firm to effect the
               immediate sale of the option shares and remit to the Company,
               from the sale proceeds available on the settlement date,
               sufficient funds to cover the aggregate option exercise price,
               plus all income and employment taxes required to be withheld by
               the Company in connection with the exercise and (y) to the
               Company to deliver the certificates for the purchased shares
               directly to the brokerage firm to complete the transaction.

               (e) Re-Pricing of Options. The Administrator may require the
        voluntary surrender of all or a portion of any Stock Option granted
        under the Plan as a condition precedent to the award of a new Stock
        Option. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, such new Stock Option
        shall be exercisable at the price, during such period and on such other
        terms and conditions as are specified by the Administrator at the time
        the new Stock Option is granted. Upon their surrender, Stock Options
        shall be canceled and the shares previously subject to such canceled
        Stock Options shall again be available for awards of Stock Options and
        other awards hereunder.

               (f) Loans. The Company may make loans available to Stock Option
        holders in connection with the exercise of outstanding options granted
        under the Plan, as the Administrator, in its discretion, may determine.
        Such loans shall

                      (i) be evidenced by promissory notes entered into by the
               Stock Option holders in favor of the Company,

                      (ii) be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in
               this Section and such other terms and conditions, not
               inconsistent with the Plan, as the Administrator shall determine,

                      (iii) bear interest, if any, at such rate as the
               Administrator shall determine, and

                      (iv) be subject to Board approval (or to approval by the
               Administrator to the extent the Board may delegate such
               authority). In no event may the principal amount of any such loan
               exceed the sum of (x) the exercise price less the par value (if
               any) of the shares of Stock covered by the Stock Option, or
               portion thereof, exercised by the holder, and (y) any Federal,
               state, and local income tax attributable to such exercise.

               The initial term of the loan, the schedule of payments of
        principal and interest under the loan, the extent to which the loan is
        to be with or without recourse against the holder with respect to
        principal or interest and the conditions upon which the loan will become
        payable in the event of the holder's termination of employment shall be
        determined by the Administrator. Unless the Administrator determines
        otherwise, when a loan is made, shares of Stock having a Fair Market
        Value at least equal to the principal amount of the loan shall be
        pledged by the holder to the Company as security for payment of the
        unpaid balance of the loan, and such pledge shall be evidenced by a
        pledge agreement, the terms of which shall be determined by the
        Administrator, in its discretion; provided, however, that each loan
        shall comply with all applicable laws, regulations and rules of the
        Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and any other
        governmental agency having jurisdiction.

               (g) Non-Transferability of Options. Unless otherwise provided
        herein or as otherwise determined by the Administrator, no Stock Option
        shall be transferable by the optionee, and all Stock Options shall be
        exercisable, during the optionee's lifetime, only by the optionee.

               (h) Termination of Employment or Service. If an optionee's
        employment with or service as an Employee, consultant, advisor or
        independent contractor to the Company terminates by reason of death,

<PAGE>

        Disability or for any other reason, the Stock Option may thereafter be
        exercised as provided below, or as otherwise provided in the applicable
        award agreement or determined by the Administrator. If an optionee's
        employment with or service to the Company is terminated:

                      (i) for or without cause (and whether termination is
               voluntary or involuntary), each then-outstanding unexercised
               Stock Option vested and held by the optionee as of the
               termination date shall expire within ninety (90) days of such
               termination or as otherwise determined by the Administrator on
               the date such Stock Option was granted;

                      (ii) by reason of Disability, each then-outstanding
               unexercised Stock Option vested and held by the optionee as of
               the termination date shall expire within six (6) months of such
               termination date; and

                      (iii) by reason of the optionee's death during employment,
               or if the optionee dies during the three (3) month period after
               termination of his or her employment (or such other shorter
               period of time as may be determined by the Administrator), where
               such termination is other than for cause or by reason of
               Disability, each then-outstanding unexercised Stock Option vested
               and held by the optionee as of the termination date shall expire
               within six (6) months of such termination date. After the
               optionee's death, the Stock Option may be exercised by the
               personal representative of the optionee's estate or by the
               person(s) to whom the option is transferred pursuant to the
               optionee's will or in accordance with the laws of descent and
               distribution.

               Following termination of the optionee's employment or service, a
        Stock Option shall not be exercisable to any greater extent than on the
        termination date; provided, however, that the Administrator shall have
        complete discretion, at any time while the Stock Option remains
        outstanding, to permit the Stock Option to be exercised, not only with
        respect to the number of shares for which the Stock Option is
        exercisable at the time of the termination, but also with respect to one
        or more subsequent installments of purchasable shares for which the
        Stock Option would otherwise have become exercisable had termination not
        occurred.

        SECTION 7 AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION OF PLAN

        The Board may amend, alter or discontinue the Plan, but no amendment,
alteration, or discontinuation shall be made that would impair the rights of a
Participant under any Stock Option theretofore awarded without such
Participant's consent. The Administrator may amend the terms of any Stock Option
theretofore awarded, prospectively or retroactively, but, as herein provided, no
such amendment shall impair the rights of any Participant without his or her
consent.

        SECTION 8 GENERAL PROVISIONS

               (a) The Administrator may require each person purchasing shares
        pursuant to the exercise of a Stock Option to represent to and agree
        with the Company in writing that such person is acquiring the shares
        without a view to distribution thereof. The certificates for such shares
        may include any legend which the Administrator deems appropriate to
        reflect any restrictions on transfer.

               (b) All certificates for shares of Stock delivered under the Plan
        shall be subject to such stock-transfer orders and other restrictions as
        the Administrator may deem advisable under the rules, regulations, and
        other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"),
        any stock exchange upon which the Stock is then listed, and any
        applicable Federal or state securities law, and the Administrator may
        cause a legend or legends to be placed on any such certificates to make
        appropriate reference to such restrictions.

               (c) Nothing contained in the Plan shall prevent the Board from
        adopting other or additional compensation arrangements, subject to
        stockholder approval if such approval is required; and such arrangements
        may be either generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases.

               (d) Each Participant shall, no later than the date as of which
        the value of a stock option exercise first becomes includable in the
        gross income of the Participant for Federal income tax purposes, pay to
        the Company, or make arrangements satisfactory to the Administrator
        regarding payment of, any Federal, state,

<PAGE>

        or local taxes of any kind required by law (as determined by the
        Administrator, in its sole discretion) to be withheld with respect to
        the award. The obligations of the Company under the Plan shall be
        conditional on the making of such payments or arrangements, and the
        Company shall, to the extent permitted by law, have the right to deduct
        any such taxes from any payment of any kind otherwise due to the
        Participant.

        SECTION 9 NON-LIABILITY

        No member of the Board or the Administrator, nor any officer or employee
of the Company acting on behalf of the Board or the Administrator, shall be
personally liable for any action, determination, or interpretation taken or made
in good faith with respect to the Plan, and all members of the Board or the
Administrator and each and any officer or employee of the Company acting on
their behalf shall, to the extent permitted by law, be fully indemnified and
protected by the Company in respect of any such action, determination or
interpretation.

        SECTION 10 TERM OF PLAN

        No Stock Option award shall be awarded pursuant to the Plan on or after
the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date, but awards theretofore awarded may
extend and be exercisable beyond that date.

        SECTION 11 CORPORATE TRANSACTIONS/CHANGES OF CONTROL

               (a) In the event of any of the following stockholder-approved
        transactions (a "Corporate Transaction"):

                      (i) a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not
               the surviving entity, except for a transaction whose principal
               purpose is to change the State of the Company's incorporation,

                      (ii) the sale, transfer, or other disposition of all or
               substantially all of the assets of the Company in liquidation or
               dissolution, or

                      (iii) any "reverse" merger in which the Company is the
               surviving entity but in which securities possessing more than 50%
               of the total combined voting power of the Company's outstanding
               securities are transferred to holders other than those who owned
               such voting power immediately before the merger,

               then immediately before the effective date of the Corporate
        Transaction, each Stock Option granted under this Plan shall become
        fully exercisable ("accelerate") with respect to the total number of
        shares of Common Stock then subject to the Stock Option. However, a
        Stock Option shall not accelerate if and to the extent:

                      (i) the Stock Option is, in connection with the Corporate
               Transaction, either to be assumed by the successor corporation or
               parent thereof or to be replaced by an option on equivalent terms
               to purchase shares of the capital stock of the successor
               corporation or parent thereof, or

                      (ii) acceleration of the Stock Option is subject to other
               limitations imposed by the Administrator at the Date of Grant.
               The determination of equivalence under clause (i) above shall be
               made by the Administrator and shall be final, binding, and
               conclusive as to all parties.

               (b) Upon consummation of the Corporate Transaction, all Stock
        Options granted under this Plan shall terminate and cease to be
        outstanding, except to the extent assumed by the successor (or
        surviving) corporation or its parent company.

               (c) Each Stock Option granted under this Plan that is replaced by
        an equivalent option in a Corporate Transaction or that otherwise
        continues in effect shall be appropriately adjusted, immediately after
        the Corporate Transaction, to apply to the number and class of
        securities that would have been issued in the Corporate Transaction to
        an actual holder of the number of shares of Common Stock that were
        subject to the Stock Option immediately before the Corporate
        Transaction. Appropriate adjustment shall also be made to the Option
        Price payable per share; provided that the aggregate Option Price
        payable for

<PAGE>

        such securities shall remain the same. In addition, the class and number
        of securities available for issuance under this Plan following the
        consummation of the Corporate Transaction shall be appropriately
        adjusted.

               (d) The Administrator shall have full discretionary authority,
        exercisable either in advance of, or at the time of, a Change in
        Control, to provide for the automatic acceleration of Stock Options
        granted under this Plan upon the occurrence of the Change in Control.
        The Administrator shall also have full discretionary authority to
        condition any such acceleration upon the subsequent termination of the
        optionee's service to the Company (or a parent or subsidiary) within a
        specified period after the Change in Control. Any Stock Option
        accelerated in connection with the Change in Control shall remain fully
        exercisable until the expiration of the option term. For all purposes of
        this Plan, a Change in Control shall mean a change in control of the
        Company of a nature that would be required to be reported in response to
        Item 6(e) of Schedule 14A of Regulation 14A promulgated under the
        Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"),
        whether or not the Company is then subject to such reporting
        requirement, other than a Corporate Transaction; provided that, without
        limitation, a Change in Control shall be deemed to have occurred if:

                      (i) any individual, partnership, firm, corporation,
               association, trust, unincorporated organization or other entity,
               or any syndicate or group deemed to be a "person" under Section
               14(d) (2) of the Exchange Act, is or becomes the "beneficial
               owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the General Rules and
               Regulations under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of
               securities of the Company representing 40% or more of the
               combined voting power of the Company's then-outstanding
               securities entitled to vote in the election of directors of the
               Company, pursuant to a tender or exchange offer that the Board
               does not recommend that the Company's stockholders accept; or

                      (ii) during any period of two consecutive years,
               individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the
               Board and any new members of the Board, whose election by the
               Board or nomination for election by the Company's stockholders
               was approved by a vote of at least three-quarters of the
               directors then in office who either were directors at the
               beginning of the period or whose election or nomination for
               election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to
               constitute a majority thereof.

               (e) The grant of Stock Options under this Plan shall not affect
        the right of the Company to adjust, reclassify, reorganize, or otherwise
        change its capital or business structure or to merge, consolidate,
        dissolve, liquidate, or sell or transfer all or any part of its business
        or assets.

        SECTION 12 MISCELLANEOUS

               (a) Use of Proceeds. Any cash proceeds received by the Company
        from the sale of shares pursuant to Stock Options granted under this
        Plan may be used for general corporate purposes.

               (b) Regulatory Approvals. The implementation of this Plan, the
        awarding of any Stock Option hereunder, and the issuance of Stock upon
        the exercise or surrender of any such Stock Option shall be subject to
        and conditional upon the procurement by the Company of all approvals and
        permits required by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction over this
        Plan, Stock Options granted under it, and Stock issued pursuant to it.

               (c) Securities Laws. No shares of Common Stock or other assets
        shall be issued or delivered under this Plan unless and until there
        shall have been compliance with all applicable requirements of federal
        and state securities laws, including the filing and effectiveness of a
        Form S-8 registration statement for the shares of Common Stock issuable
        under this Plan, and all applicable listing requirements of any
        securities exchange on which stock of the same class is then listed.

               (d) No Employment Rights. Neither the action of the Company in
        establishing this Plan, nor any action taken by the Administrator
        hereunder, nor any provision of this Plan, shall be construed so as to
        grant or offer any individual the right to remain in the employ or
        service of the Company (or any parent or subsidiary corporation) for any
        period, and the Company (or any parent or subsidiary corporation
        retaining the services of such individual) may terminate such
        individual's employment or service at any time and for any reason, with
        or without cause.

               (e) Assignment. Except as otherwise provided in this Plan, the
        right to acquire Common Stock or other assets under this Plan may not
        be assigned, encumbered, or otherwise transferred by any optionee.

<PAGE>

               (f) Governing Law. The provisions of this Plan shall be governed
        by the laws of the State of California, as such laws are applied to
        contracts entered into and performed in that State. The provisions of
        this Plan shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the
        Company and its successors or assigns, and the optionees, the legal
        representatives of their respective estates, their respective heirs or
        legatees, and their permitted assignees.

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