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                 AMENDED AND RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
                                       OF
                  METROPOLITAN MORTGAGE & SECURITIES CO., INC.

                                    ARTICLE I

     The name of this corporation is and shall be: Metropolitan Mortgage &
Securities Co., Inc.

                                   ARTICLE II

     The purpose of this corporation is and shall be to engage in any lawful act
or activity for which corporations may be organized under the Washington
Business Corporation Act.

                                   ARTICLE III

     The period of duration of this corporation shall be perpetual.

                                   ARTICLE IV

     The location of the registered office of this corporation shall be 601 W.
First Avenue, Spokane, Washington, the post office address of such office shall
be P.O. Box 2162, Spokane, Washington 99201.

                                    ARTICLE V

AUTHORIZED CAPITAL STOCK

     The capital stock of the corporation shall consist of 444 shares of common
stock and 24,325,000 shares of preferred stock and shall consist of the
following:

1.   Class A Common Stock

          No. of Authorized Shares:     222
          Par Value per Share:          $2,250.00

2.   Class B Common Stock

          No. of Authorized Shares:     222
          Par Value per Share:          $2,250.00

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3.   Preferred Stock, Series A

          No. of Authorized Shares:     750,000
          Par Value per Share:          $1.00

4.   Preferred Stock, Series B

          No. of Authorized Shares:     200,000
          Par Value per Share:          $10.00

5.   Preferred Stock, Series C

          No. of Authorized Shares:     1,000,000
          Par Value per Share:          $10.00

6.   Preferred Stock, Series D

          No. of Authorized Shares:     1,375,000
          Par Value per Share:          $10.00

7.   Preferred Stock, Series E

          No. of Authorized Shares for Series E-1 through E-6:   5,000,000
          Par Value per Share:                                   $10.00

          No. of Authorized Shares for Series E-7:               10,000,000
          Par Value per Share:                                   $2.50

8.   Preferred Stock, Series G

          No. of Authorized Shares:     2,000,000
          Par Value per Share:          $10.00

9.   Preferred Stock, Series H

          No. of Authorized Shares:     3,000,000
          Par Value per Share:          $10.00

10.  The capital stock of the corporation shall include an additional class of
stock designated subordinate preferred stock and consisting of 1,000,000 shares
with no par value.

     The preferences, limitations and relative rights of each series of capital
stock shall be those required by law, and as set forth below or as determined
from time to time by the Board of Directors. In the event the preferences,
limitations and relative rights set forth below conflict with or are different
from those set forth in the Statement of Rights, Designations and

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Preferences related to that series of stock, the Statement of Rights,
Designations and Preferences shall control.

VOTING RIGHTS

     Holders of Class A Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each and
every share of such stock standing in the holder's name at any and all meetings
of the stockholders of the corporation.

     Holders of Class B Common Stock and of Preferred Stock, Series A, B, C, D,
E, G, H and subordinate preferred stock, or any sub-series thereof hereby or
hereafter authorized shall have no voting rights except as may be required by
applicable federal or state law or regulation and as shall be set forth in any
resolution of the Board of Directors of the corporation authorizing the issuance
of any of such stock and establishing the relative rights and preferences
thereof as permitted by these Articles of Incorporation as from time to time
amended and/or restated.

DIVIDEND AND OTHER RIGHTS

     The holders of Preferred Stock, Series A, shall be entitled to receive
cumulative dividends thereon from the date of issuance of said Preferred Stock
Series A, at the rate of 8-1/2% per annum and no more, payable out of the earned
surplus profits of the corporation quarterly before any dividend is payable or
set apart to Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock.

     The corporation may at any time, or from time to time, as may be permitted
under the laws of the State of Washington, redeem and retire the whole or any
part of its Preferred Stock, Series A, by paying to the holders thereof in cash
$1.3333 per share and all accrued unpaid dividends thereon at the date fixed for
redemption. At least thirty (30) days notice of each such redemption shall be
given to the holders of record of the stock to be redeemed by mailing such
notice to the last known address of such stockholders as shown in the corporate
records. The amounts redeemed and the priority of redemption shall be determined
by the Board of Directors.

     Holders of Preferred Stock, Series B shall be entitled to receive monthly
cumulative variable rate dividends thereon from the date of issuance of said
stock payable out of the earned surplus profits of the corporation before any
dividend is payable or set apart to holders of common stock. The monthly
dividend rate shall be equal to two percentage points over the rate payable on
six month U.S. Treasury Bills as determined by the treasury bill auction last
preceding the monthly dividend declaration date.

     Holders of Preferred Stock, Series B shall be entitled to convert such
stock, at such times and upon such terms as the Board of Directors shall
hereafter authorize, to any other series of preferred stock authorized pursuant
to these Articles, except Preferred Stock, Series A. The corporation shall have
the right to call and repurchase, at any time, all of the issued and outstanding
shares of Preferred Stock, Series B upon thirty days written notice to holders
of

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record, by payment therefor in the amount of $10.50 per share as of the date of
issuance of said shares reduced proratably to $10.20 per share as of the date
five years from the date of issuance.

     Holders of Preferred Stock, Series C, D, E, G and H shall be entitled to
such dividend and other rights, and subject to such conditions, as are set forth
in the respective Statement of Rights, Designations and Preferences related to
each series or sub-series.

     Holders of Subordinate Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive
dividends at such time and at such rates and under such conditions as shall be
authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors prior to issuance of any
shares thereof. Provided, however, that any such dividend rights shall at all
times be subordinate and junior to the dividend rights of Preferred Stock Series
A, B, C, D, E, G and H, and any sub-series thereof, as heretofore or hereafter
established in these Articles or by the Board of Directors as authorized herein.

RIGHTS OF LIQUIDATION

     In the event of liquidation or dissolution of the corporation, whether
voluntary or involuntary, the holders of preferred stock of all series, after
debts have been paid, shall be entitled to be paid in full the liquidation
preferences thereof before the Class A Common stockholders or Class B Common
stockholders shall be entitled to participate in such liquidation or
dissolution. After the preferred stockholders have received their liquidation
preferences as provided in these Amended Articles of Incorporation and/or the
Authorizing Resolutions creating the respective series of preferred stock then
the holders of any preferred stock which has a liquidation preference less than
the amount for which such stock was sold by the corporation shall be entitled to
receive the difference between such liquidation preference and the amount for
which such stock was sold. Subordinate Preferred Stock shall be entitled to such
distributions in liquidation in such priority as shall be established by the
Board of Directors by resolution prior to issuance of any shares thereof.
Provided, however, that such liquidation rights shall at all times be
subordinate and junior to the liquidation rights of Preferred Stock Series A, B,
C, D, E, G and H as heretofore or hereafter established in these Articles or by
the Board of Directors as authorized herein. After the preferred stockholders
have been paid as provided above, the holders of Class B Common Stock shall be
entitled to be paid in full on the basis of the amount which was paid for each
such share by the shareholder to the corporation at the time such share was
originally issued. After the holders of preferred stock and Class B Common Stock
have been fully paid as provided above, holders of Class A Common Stock shall be
entitled to be paid the par value thereon. In the event there is a surplus
remaining after payment of stockholders in full as provided above, the said
surplus shall be divided equally between all Class A and Class B Common Stock
shares.

GENERAL

     Shares of stock which are reissued for any reason shall have the
liquidation and dissolution rights of the original shares for which they were
issued.

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     The Board of Directors is expressly vested with the authority to the extent
not set forth herein to establish sub-series of Preferred Stock, Series E, G and
H, the amounts thereof and to fix and determine, or to amend, the relative
rights and preferences of the shares of any sub-series so established or which
may be wholly unissued.

     Subject to the limitations and provisions herein set forth, the Board of
Directors is expressly vested with the authority to adopt and establish the
relative rights, preferences, terms and conditions of Subordinate Preferred
Stock, including without limitation, provisions for the redemption of such stock
or any part thereof, conversion rights and to establish sub-series of such class
of stock not inconsistent herewith.

     Unless otherwise specified in the Statement of Rights, Designations and
Preferences with respect to a series of capital stock of the corporation,
holders of shares of capital stock of the corporation shall not have preemptive
rights to acquire the corporation's unissued shares.

                                   ARTICLE VI

     The amount of paid-in capital with which this corporation began business
was the sum of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00).

                                   ARTICLE VII

     The number of directors of this corporation shall be a minimum of one (1);
the number, qualifications, terms of office, manner of election, time and place
of meetings, and the powers and duties of directors shall be such as are
prescribed by the Bylaws of the corporation.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

     Authority to make Bylaws for this corporation is hereby expressly vested
in, the Board of Directors of this corporation, subject to the power of the
stockholders to change or repeal such Bylaws.

                                   ARTICLE IX

     Any person made a party to any civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding
by reason of the fact that he, his testator or intestate is, or was, a director,
officer or employee of this corporation or of any corporation which he served as
such at the request of this corporation shall be indemnified by the corporation
against the reasonable expenses, including, without limitation, attorney's fees
and amounts paid in satisfaction of judgment or in settlement, other than
amounts paid to the corporation by him, actually and necessarily incurred by or
imposed upon him in connection with, or resulting from the defense of such civil
or criminal action, suit or proceeding, or in connection with or resulting from
any appeal therein, except in relation to matters as to which it shall be
adjudged in such civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding that such
director, officer or employee is liable by reason of his willful malfeasance,
bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of his office. In the case of a criminal

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action, suit or proceeding, a conviction (whether based on a plea of guilty or
nolo contendere or its equivalent, or after trial) shall not, of itself, be
deemed an adjudication that such director, officer or employee is liable for
negligence or misconduct in the performance of his duties to the corporation.
Such right of indemnification shall not be exclusive of any other right which
any such director, officer or employee of the corporation, and any such other
person mentioned above, may have or hereafter acquire and, without limiting the
generality of such statement, any such director, officer, employee or other
person shall be entitled to any rights of indemnification under any Bylaw,
agreement, vote of stockholders, provisions of law or otherwise, as well as any
rights under this Article.

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this document as of this
26th day of November, 2001.

                                        /s/ C. Paul Sandifur, Jr.
                                        ----------------------------------------
                                        C. Paul Sandifur, Jr., President

                                        /s/ Reuel Swanson
                                        ----------------------------------------
                                        Reuel Swanson, Secretary

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                              AMENDED AND RESTATED
              STATEMENT OF RIGHTS, DESIGNATIONS AND PREFERENCES OF
                    VARIABLE RATE CUMULATIVE PREFERRED STOCK,
                      SERIES E-7 PURSUANT TO RCW 23B.06.020

1.       Name of corporation: Metropolitan Mortgage & Securities Co., Inc.

2.       Copy of resolution establishing and designating Variable Rate of
         Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E-7, and determining the relative
         rights and preferences thereof: Attached hereto.

3.       The undersigned does hereby certify that the attached resolution was
         duly adopted by the Board of Directors of the corporation on April 28,
         1997 and amended on October 22, 2001.

                                       /s/ Reuel Swanson
                                       -------------------------------------
                                       Reuel Swanson, Secretary

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                  METROPOLITAN MORTGAGE & SECURITIES CO., INC.
                PREFERRED STOCK SERIES E-7 AUTHORIZING RESOLUTION

         Resolved, that pursuant to the authority expressly granted and
vested in the Board of Directors (the "Board") of this Corporation by its
Articles of Incorporation, as amended, a sub-series of Preferred Stock,
Series E of the Corporation be, and is hereby, established which shall be
designated "Variable Rate Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E-7", par value
$2.50 per share (hereafter called "Preferred Stock"), which shall have
rights, preferences, qualifications and restrictions as follows:

         1. DIVIDENDS.

                  a) Dividends (or other distributions deemed dividends for
purposes of this resolution) on the issued and outstanding shares of
Preferred Stock shall be declared and paid monthly at a percentage rate per
annum of the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share equal to the
"Applicable Rate," as hereinafter defined, or such greater rate as may be
determined by the Board. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Applicable Rate
for any monthly dividend period shall, in no event, be less than 6% per annum
or greater than 14% per annum. Such dividends shall be cumulative from the
date of original issue of such shares and shall be payable, when and as
declared by the Board, on such dates as the Board deems advisable, but at
least once a year, commencing May 1, 1997. Each such dividend shall be paid
to the holders of record of shares of Preferred Stock as they appear on the
stock register of the Corporation on such record date as shall be fixed by
the Board in advance of the payment date thereof. Dividends on account of
arrears for any past Dividend Periods may be declared and paid at any time,
without reference to any regular dividend payment date, to holders of record
on such date as shall be fixed by the Board in advance of the payment date
thereof.

                  b) Except as provided below in this section, the Applicable
Rate for any monthly dividend period shall be the highest of the Treasury
Bill Rate, the Ten Year Constant Maturity Rate and the Twenty Year Constant
Maturity Rate (each as defined in Exhibit A attached hereto and incorporated
by reference herein) plus one half of one percentage point. In the event that
the Board determines in good faith that for any reason one or more of such
rates cannot be determined for any dividend period, than the Applicable Rate
for such dividend period shall be the higher of whichever of such rates can
be so determined. In the event that the Board determines in good faith that
none of such rates can be determined for any dividend period, then the
Applicable Rate in effect for the preceding dividend period shall be
continued for such dividend period. The Treasury Bill Rate, the Ten Year
Constant Maturity Rate and the Twenty Year Constant Maturity Rate shall each
be rounded to the nearest five hundredths of a percentage point.

                  c) No dividend shall be paid upon, or declared or set apart
for, any share of Preferred Stock for any Dividend Period unless at the same
time a like dividend shall be paid upon, or be declared and set apart for,
all shares of Preferred Stock then issued and outstanding and all shares of
all other series of preferred stock then issued and outstanding and entitled
to receive dividends. Holders of Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to any
dividend, whether payable in cash, property or stock, in excess of full
cumulative dividends as herein provided. No

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interest, or sum of money in lieu of interest, shall be payable in respect of
any dividend payment or payments which may be in arrears on Preferred Stock.

                  d) Dividends payable for each full monthly Dividend Period
shall be computed by dividing the Applicable Rate for such monthly Dividend
Period by twelve and applying such rate against the liquidation preference of
$25.00 per share. Dividends shall be rounded to the nearest whole cent.
Dividends payable for any period less than a full monthly Dividend Period
shall be computed on the basis of 30 day months and a 360 day year. The
Applicable Rate with respect to each monthly Dividend Period shall be
calculated as promptly as practicable by the Corporation according to the
method provided herein. The Corporation will cause notice of such Applicable
Rate to be enclosed with the dividend payment check next mailed to the
holders of shares of Preferred Stock.

                  e) So long as any shares of Preferred Stock are
outstanding, (i) no dividend (other than a dividend in common stock or in any
other stock ranking junior to Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon
liquidation and other than as provided in the foregoing section 1(c)) shall
be declared or paid or set aside for payment; (ii) no other distribution
shall be declared or made upon common stock or upon any other stock ranking
junior to or on a parity with Preferred Stock as to dividends or upon
liquidation; and (iii) no common stock or any other stock of the Corporation
ranking junior to or on a parity with Preferred Stock as to dividends or upon
liquidation shall be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired by the
Corporation for any consideration (or any monies paid to or made available
for a sinking fund for the redemption of any shares of any such stock) except
by conversion into or exchange for stock of the Corporation ranking junior to
Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon liquidation unless, in each case,
the full cumulative dividends on all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock
shall have been paid or declared and set apart for all past dividend payment
periods.

                  f) The holders of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to
receive, when and as declared by the Board, dividend distributions out of the
funds of the Corporation legally available therefor. Any distribution made
which may be deemed to have been made out of the capital surplus of Preferred
Stock shall not reduce either the redemption process or the liquidation
rights as hereafter specified.

         2. REDEMPTION.

                  a) The Corporation, at its option, may redeem shares of
Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, at
redemption prices hereafter set forth plus accrued and unpaid dividends to
the date fixed for redemption.

                           (i) In the event of a redemption of shares
pursuant to this subsection the redemption price shall be $25.00 per share in
the event of redemption anytime after December 31, 1996.

                           (ii) In the event that fewer than all of the
outstanding shares of Preferred Stock are to be redeemed, the number of
shares to be redeemed shall be determined by the Corporation and the shares
to be redeemed shall be determined by lot, or pro rata, or by any other
method, as may be determined by the Corporation in its sole discretion to be
equitable.

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                           (iii) In the event that the Corporation shall
redeem shares hereunder, notice of such redemption shall be given by first
class mail, postage prepaid, mailed not less than 30 days or more than 60
days prior to the redemption date, to each holder of record of the shares to
be redeemed, at such holder's address as it appears on the stock register of
the Corporation. Each such notice shall state: (i) the redemption date; (ii)
the number of shares to be redeemed and, if fewer than all shares held by
such holder are to be redeemed, the number of such shares to be redeemed from
such holder; (iii) the redemption price; (iv) the place or places where
certificates for such shares are to be surrendered for payment of the
redemption price; and (v) that dividends on the shares to be redeemed will
cease to accrue on such redemption date.

                           (iv) Notice having been mailed as aforesaid, from
and after the redemption date (unless default shall be made by the
Corporation in providing money for the payment of the redemption price),
dividends on the shares so called for redemption shall no longer be deemed to
be outstanding, and all rights of the holders thereof as stockholders of the
Corporation (except the right to receive from the Corporation the redemption
price) shall cease. Upon surrender in accordance with said notice of the
certificates representing shares redeemed (properly endorsed or assigned for
transfer, if the Board shall so require and the notice shall so state), such
shares shall be redeemed by the Corporation at the redemption price
aforesaid. In case fewer than all of the shares represented by any such
certificate are redeemed, a new certificate shall be issued representing the
unredeemed shares without cost to the holder thereof.

                  b) Discretionary Redemption Upon Request of the Holder: The
shares of Preferred Stock are not redeemable at the option of the holder. If,
however, the Corporation receives an unsolicited written request for
redemption of shares from any holder, the Corporation may, in its sole
discretion and subject to the limitations described below, accept such shares
for redemption. Any shares so tendered, which the Corporation in its
discretion, allows for redemption, shall be redeemed by the Corporation
directly, and not from or through a broker or dealer, at a price established
by time to time by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, plus any
accrued but unpaid dividends to date.

         For a period of three years from the date of initial sale of each
share of Preferred Stock, any such optional redemption of such share shall
occur only upon the death or major medical emergency of the holder or any
joint holder of the share requested to be redeemed. Any optional redemption
of a share in any calendar year after the third year from the date of sale of
the share, not arising from the death or medical emergency of the holder or
any joint holder shall occur only when the sum of all optional redemptions
(including those arising out of the death or medical emergency of the holder
or any joint holder) of shares of Preferred Stock during that calendar year
shall not exceed 10% of the number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding
at the end of the preceding calendar year. In the event the 10% limit is
reached in any calendar year, the only redemption which may thereafter occur
during that calendar year shall be those arising from the death or medical
emergency of the holder or any joint holder; provided, however, that to the
extent that total optional redemptions in any calendar year do not reach the
10% limit, the amount by which such optional redemptions shall fall short of
the 10% limit may be carried over into ensuing years; and provided further
that to the extent that all redemptions, including those involving the death
or medical emergency of the holder or any joint holder, exceed the 10% in any
year, the amount by which such redemptions exceed the 10% limit shall reduce
the limit in the succeeding year for limiting redemptions not involving the
death or medical emergency of a

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holder or any joint holder. In no event shall such optional redemptions of
all types in a single calendar year exceed 20% of the number of shares of
Preferred Stock outstanding at the end of the preceding calendar year.

         The Corporation may not redeem any such shares tendered for
redemption if to do so would be unsafe or unsound in light of the
Corporation's financial condition (including its liquidity position); if
payment of interest or principal on any outstanding instrument of
indebtedness is in arrears or in default; or if payment of any dividend on
Preferred Stock or share of any stock of the Company ranking at least on a
parity therewith is in arrears as to dividends.

                  c) Any shares of Preferred Stock which shall at any time
have been redeemed shall, after such redemption, have the status of
authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock, without designation as to
series until such shares are designated as part of a particular series by the
Board.

                  d) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section
2, if any dividends on Preferred Stock are in arrears, no shares of Preferred
Stock shall be redeemed unless all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock are
simultaneously redeemed, and the Corporation shall not purchase or otherwise
acquire any shares of Preferred Stock; provided, however, that the foregoing
shall not prevent the purchase or acquisition of shares of Preferred Stock
pursuant to a purchase or exchange offer made on the same terms to holders of
all of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock.

         3. CONVERSION OR EXCHANGE. The holders of shares of Preferred Stock
shall not have any rights to convert such shares into or exchange such shares
for shares of any other class or series of any class of securities of the
Corporation.

         4. VOTING. Except as required from time to time by law, the shares
of Preferred Stock shall have no voting powers. Provided, however, not
withstanding the foregoing, that whenever and as often as dividends payable
on any shares of Preferred Stock shall be in arrears in an amount equal to
twenty-four full monthly dividends or more per share, the holders of
Preferred Stock, together with the holders of Preferred Stock, Series C, D,
E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, E-5 & E-6 and any other preferred stock hereafter
authorized, voting separately and as a single class shall be entitled to
elect a majority of the Board of Directors of the Corporation. Such right
shall continue until all dividends in arrears on preferred stock have been
paid in full. In addition, no change in the rights, privileges or preferences
of the Preferred Stock may be made without the approval of the holders of at
least two-thirds of the then outstanding Preferred Stock, voting together as
a class. Further, no new class of preferred stock senior to the Preferred
Stock may be created by the Corporation without the approval by the holders
of at least two-thirds of the then outstanding Preferred Stock, voting
together as a class. Further, no new class of preferred stock equal in
preference to the Preferred Stock may be created by the Corporation without
the approval by the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding
Preferred Stock, voting together as a class.

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         5. LIQUIDATION RIGHTS.

                  a) Upon the dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the
Corporation, the holders of the shares of Preferred Stock shall be entitled
to receive out of the assets of the Corporation, before any payment or
distribution shall be made on the Common Stock, or on any other class of
stock ranking junior to Preferred Stock, upon liquidation, the amount of
$25.00 per share, plus a sum equal to all dividends (whether or not earned or
declared) on such shares accrued and unpaid thereon to the date of final
distribution.

                  b) Neither the sale, lease or conveyance of all or
substantially all the property or business of the Corporation, nor the merger
or consolidation of the Corporation into or with any other corporation or the
merger or consolidation of any other corporation into or with the
Corporation, shall be deemed to be a dissolution, liquidation or winding up,
voluntary or involuntary, for the purposes of this section.

                  c) After the payment to the holders of the shares of
Preferred Stock of the full preferential amounts provided for in this
Section, the holders of Preferred Stock as such shall have no right or claim
to any of the remaining assets of the Corporation.

                  d) In the event the assets of the Corporation available for
distribution to the holders of shares of Preferred Stock upon any
dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary
or involuntary, shall be insufficient to pay in full all amounts to which
such holders are entitled pursuant to this Section, no such distribution
shall be made on account of any shares or any other series of Preferred Stock
or any other class of stock ranking on a parity with the shares of Preferred
Stock upon such dissolution, liquidation or winding up, unless proportionate
distributive amounts shall be paid on account of the shares of Preferred
Stock, ratably in accordance with the sums which would be payable in such
distribution if all sums payable in respect of the shares of all series of
Preferred Stock and any such other class of stock as aforesaid were
discharged in full.

         6. PRIORITIES. For purposes of this Resolution, any stock of any
class or classes of the Corporation shall be deemed to rank:

                  a) Prior to the shares of Preferred Stock, either as to
dividends or upon liquidation if the holders of such class or classes shall
be entitled to the receipt of dividends or of amounts distributable upon
dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Corporation, as the case may
be, in preference or priority to the holders of shares of Preferred Stock.

                  b) On a parity with shares of Preferred Stock, either as to
dividends or upon liquidation, whether or not the dividend rates, dividend
payment dates or redemption or liquidation prices per share or sinking fund
provisions, if any, are different from those of Preferred Stock, if the
holder of such stock shall be entitled to the receipt of dividends or of
amounts distributable upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the
Corporation, as the case may be, in proportion to their respective dividend
rates or liquidation prices, without preference or priority, one over the
other, as between the holder of such stock and the holders of Preferred
Stock; and

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                  c) Junior to shares of Preferred Stock, either as to
dividends or upon liquidation, if the holders of shares of Preferred Stock
shall be entitled to receipt of dividends or of amounts distributable upon
dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Corporation, as the case may
be, in preference or priority to the holders of shares of such class or
classes.

         7. SHARES NON-ASSESSABLE. Any and all shares of Preferred Stock
issued, and for which the full consideration has been paid or delivered,
shall be deemed fully paid stock and the holder of such shares shall not be
liable for any further call or assessment or any other payment thereon.

         8. PRE-EMPTIVE RIGHTS. Holders of Preferred Stock shall have no
preemptive rights to acquire additional shares of Preferred Stock.

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                                    EXHIBIT A

         Treasury Bill Rate

         Except as provided below in this paragraph, the "Treasury Bill Rate"
for each dividend period will be the arithmetic average of the two most
recent weekly per annum market discount rates (or the one weekly per annum
market discount rate, if only one such rate shall be published during the
relevant Calendar Period (as defined below)) for three-month U.S. Treasury
bills, as published weekly by the Federal Reserve Board during the Calendar
Period immediately prior to the ten calendar days immediately preceding the
first day of the dividend period for which the dividend rate on Preferred
Stock Series E-7, is being determined. In the event that the Federal Reserve
Board does not publish such a weekly per annum market discount rate during
any such Calendar Period, then the Treasury Bill Rate for the related
dividend period shall be the arithmetic average of the two most recent weekly
per annum market discount rates (or the one weekly per annum market discount
rate, if only one such rate shall be published during the relevant Calendar
Period) for three-month U.S. Treasury bills, as published weekly during such
Calendar Period by any Federal Reserve Bank or by any U.S. Government
department or agency selected by the Company. In the event that a per annum
market discount rate for three-month U.S Treasury bills shall not be
published by the Federal Reserve Board or by any Federal Reserve Bank or by
any U.S. Government department or agency during such Calendar Period, then
the Treasury Bill Rate for such dividend period shall be the arithmetic
average of the two most recent weekly per annum market discount rates (or the
one weekly per annum market discount rate, if only one such rate shall be
published during the relevant Calendar Period) for all of the U.S. Treasury
bills then having maturities of not less than 80 nor more than 100 days, as
published during such Calendar Period by the Federal Reserve Board or, if the
Federal Reserve Board shall not publish such rates, by any Federal Reserve
Bank or by any U.S. Government department or agency selected by the Company.
In the event that the Company determines in good faith that for any reason no
such U.S. Treasury bill rates are published as provided above during such
Calendar Period, then the Treasury Bill Rate for such dividend period shall
be the arithmetic average of the per annum market discount rates based upon
bids during such Calendar Period for each of the issues of marketable
non-interest bearing U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity of not less
than 80 nor more than 100 days from the date of each such quotation, as
quoted daily for each business day in New York City (or less frequently if
daily quotations shall not be generally available) to the Company by at least
three recognized primary U.S. Government securities dealers selected by the
Company. In the event that the Company determines in good faith that for any
reason the Company cannot determine the Treasury Bill Rate for any dividend
period as provided above in this paragraph, the Treasury Bill Rate for such
dividend period shall be the arithmetic average of the per annum market
discount rates based upon the closing bids during such Calendar Period for
each of the issues of marketable interest-bearing U.S. Treasury securities
with a maturity of not less than 80 nor more than 100 days from the date of
each such quotation, as quoted daily for each business day in New York City
(or less frequently if daily quotations shall not be generally available) to
the Company by at least three recognized primary U.S. Government securities
dealers selected by the Company.

<Page>

         Ten Year Constant Maturity Rate

         Except as provided below in this paragraph, the "Ten Year Constant
Maturity Rate" for each dividend period shall be the arithmetic average of
the two most recent weekly per annum Ten Year Average Yields (or the one
weekly per annum Ten Year Average Yield, if only one such Yield shall be
published during the relevant Calendar Period as provided below, as published
weekly by the Federal Reserve Board during the Calendar Period immediately
prior to the ten calendar days immediately preceding the first day of the
dividend period for which the dividend rate on Preferred Stock, Series E-7 is
being determined. In the event that the Federal Reserve Board does not
publish such a weekly per annum Ten Year Average Yield during such Calendar
Period, then the Ten Year Constant Maturity Rate for such dividend period
shall be the arithmetic average of the two most recent weekly per annum Ten
Year Average Yields (or the one weekly per annum Ten Year Average Yield, if
only one such Yield shall be published during such Calendar Period), as
published weekly during such Calendar Period by any Federal Reserve Bank or
by any U.S. Government department or agency selected by the Company. In the
event that a per annum Ten Year Average Yield shall not be published by the
Federal Reserve Board or by any Federal Reserve Bank or by any U.S.
Government department or agency during such Calendar Period, then the Ten
Year Constant Maturity Rate for such dividend period shall be the arithmetic
average of the two most recent weekly per annum average yields to maturity
(or the one weekly average yield to maturity, if only one such yield shall be
published during the relevant Calendar Period) for all of the actively traded
marketable U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate securities (other than Special
securities (as defined below)) then having maturities of not less than eight
nor more than twelve years, as published during such Calendar Period by the
Federal Reserve Board or, if the Federal Reserve Board shall not publish such
yields, by any Federal Reserve Bank or by any U.S. Government department or
agency selected by the Company. In the event that the Company determines in
good faith that for any reason the Company cannot determine the Ten Year
Constant Maturity Rate for any dividend period as provided above in this
paragraph, then the Ten Year Constant Maturity Rate for such dividend period
shall be the arithmetic average of the per annum average yields to maturity
based upon the closing bids during such Calendar Period for each of the
issues of actively traded marketable U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate
securities (other than Special Securities) with a final maturity date not
less than eight nor more than twelve years from the date of each such
quotation, as quoted daily for each business day in New York City (or less
frequently if daily quotations shall not be generally available) to the
Company by at least three recognized primary U.S. Government securities
dealers selected by the Company.

         Twenty Year Constant Maturity Rate

         Except as provided below in this paragraph, the "Twenty Year
Constant Maturity Rate" for each dividend period shall be the arithmetic
average of the two most recent weekly per annum Twenty Year Average Yields
(or the one weekly per annum Twenty Year Average Yield, if only one such
Yield shall be published during the relevant Calendar Period), as published
weekly by the Federal Reserve Board during the Calendar Period immediately
prior to the ten calendar days immediately preceding the first day of the
dividend period for which the dividend rate on Preferred Stock, Series E-7 is
being determined. In the event that the Federal Reserve Board does not
publish such a weekly per annum Twenty Year Average Yield during such
Calendar Period, then the Twenty Year Constant Maturity Rate for such
dividend period shall be

                                      A-2
<Page>

the arithmetic average of the two most recent weekly per annum Twenty Year
Average Yields (or the one weekly per annum Twenty Year Average Yield, if
only one such Yield shall be published during such Calendar Period), as
published weekly during such Calendar Period by any Federal Reserve Bank or
by any U.S. Government department or agency selected by the Company. In the
event that a per annum Twenty Year Average Yield shall not be published by
the Federal Reserve Board or by any Federal Reserve Bank or by any U.S.
Government department or agency during such Calendar Period, then the Twenty
Year Constant Maturity Rate for such dividend period shall be the arithmetic
average of the two most recent weekly per annum average yields to maturity
(or the one weekly average yield to maturity, if only one such yield shall be
published during such Calendar Period) for all of the actively traded
marketable U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate securities (other than Special
Securities) then having maturities of not less than eighteen nor more than
twenty-two years, as published during such Calendar Period by the Federal
Reserve Board or, if the Federal Reserve Board shall not publish such yields,
by any Federal Reserve Bank or by any U.S. Government department or agency
selected by the Company. In the event that the Company determines in good
faith that for any reason the Company cannot determine the Twenty Year
Constant Maturity Rate for any dividend period as provided above in this
paragraph, then the Twenty Year Constant Maturity Rate for such dividend
period shall be the arithmetic average of the per annum average yields to
maturity based upon the closing bids during such Calendar Period for each of
the issues of actively traded marketable U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate
securities (other than Special Securities) with a final maturity date not
less than eighteen nor more than twenty-two years from the date of each such
quotation, as quoted daily for each business day in New York City (or less
frequently if daily quotations shall not be generally available) to the
Company by at least three recognized primary U.S. Government securities
dealers selected by the Company.

         As used herein, the term "Calendar Period" means a period of 14
calendar days; the term "Special Securities" means securities which may, at
the option of the holder, be surrendered at face value in payment of any
federal estate tax or which provide tax benefits to the holder and are priced
too reflect such tax benefits or which were originally issued at a deep or
substantial discount; the term "Ten Year Average Yield" means the average
yield to maturity for actively traded marketable U.S. Treasury fixed interest
rate securities (adjusted to constant maturities of ten years); and the term
"Twenty Year Average Yield" means the average yield to maturity for actively
traded marketable U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate securities (adjusted to
constant maturities of 20 years).

                                      A-3

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