Document:

Form of Indenture

 Exhibit 4.8 
 GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD. 
 as Issuer 

and 
  

 
 as Trustee

  
  

INDENTURE 
 dated
as of                     , 20     

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

					
	 ARTICLE 1. DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
	 	1
	 SECTION 1.01
	    	Certain Definitions.	 	1
	 SECTION 1.02
	    	Other Definitions.	 	4
	 SECTION 1.03
	    	Trust Indenture Act.	 	4
	 SECTION 1.04
	    	Rules of Construction.	 	5
		
	 ARTICLE 2. THE SECURITIES
	 	5
	 SECTION 2.01
	    	Unlimited In Amount, Issuable In Series, Form and Dating.	 	5
	 SECTION 2.02
	    	Execution and Authentication.	 	7
	 SECTION 2.03
	    	Registrar and Paying Agent.	 	8
	 SECTION 2.04
	    	Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.	 	8
	 SECTION 2.05
	    	Securityholder Lists.	 	9
	 SECTION 2.06
	    	Transfer and Exchange.	 	9
	 SECTION 2.07
	    	Replacement Securities.	 	9
	 SECTION 2.08
	    	Outstanding Securities.	 	10
	 SECTION 2.09
	    	Temporary Securities.	 	10
	 SECTION 2.10
	    	Cancellation.	 	10
	 SECTION 2.11
	    	Defaulted Interest.	 	11
	 SECTION 2.12
	    	Special Record Dates.	 	11
	 SECTION 2.13
	    	Global Securities.	 	11
	 SECTION 2.14
	    	CUSIP Numbers.	 	13
		
	 ARTICLE 3. REDEMPTION
	 	13
	 SECTION 3.01
	    	Notices to Trustee.	 	13
	 SECTION 3.02
	    	Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed.	 	13
	 SECTION 3.03
	    	Notice of Redemption.	 	14
	 SECTION 3.04
	    	Effect of Notice of Redemption.	 	14
	 SECTION 3.05
	    	Deposit of Redemption Price.	 	15
	 SECTION 3.06
	    	Securities Redeemed in Part.	 	15
		
	 ARTICLE 4. COVENANTS
	 	15
	 SECTION 4.01
	    	Payment of Securities.	 	15
	 SECTION 4.02
	    	Commission Reports.	 	15
	 SECTION 4.03
	    	Compliance Certificate.	 	15
		
	 ARTICLE 5. SUCCESSORS
	 	16
	 SECTION 5.01
	    	When Company May Merge, etc.	 	16
	 SECTION 5.02
	    	Successor Corporation Substituted.	 	16
		
	 ARTICLE 6. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
	 	17
	 SECTION 6.01
	    	Events of Default.	 	17
	 SECTION 6.02
	    	Acceleration.	 	18
	 SECTION 6.03
	    	Other Remedies.	 	18
	 SECTION 6.04
	    	Waiver of Defaults.	 	19

 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) 

 

					
	 	    	 	 	 Page

	 SECTION 6.05
	    	Control by Majority.	 	19
	 SECTION 6.06
	    	Limitation on Suits.	 	19
	 SECTION 6.07
	    	Rights of Holders to Receive Payment.	 	20
	 SECTION 6.08
	    	Collection Suit by Trustee.	 	20
	 SECTION 6.09
	    	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.	 	20
	 SECTION 6.10
	    	Priorities.	 	21
	 SECTION 6.11
	    	Undertaking for Costs.	 	21
		
	 ARTICLE 7. TRUSTEE
	 	21
	 SECTION 7.01
	    	Duties of Trustee.	 	21
	 SECTION 7.02
	    	Rights of Trustee.	 	22
	 SECTION 7.03
	    	Individual Rights of Trustee.	 	23
	 SECTION 7.04
	    	Trustee’s Disclaimer.	 	23
	 SECTION 7.05
	    	Notice of Defaults.	 	23
	 SECTION 7.06
	    	Reports by Trustee to Holders.	 	24
	 SECTION 7.07
	    	Compensation and Indemnity.	 	24
	 SECTION 7.08
	    	Replacement of Trustee.	 	25
	 SECTION 7.09
	    	Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.	 	26
	 SECTION 7.10
	    	Eligibility; Disqualification.	 	26
	 SECTION 7.11
	    	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.	 	26
		
	 ARTICLE 8. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
	 	26
	 SECTION 8.01
	    	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.	 	26
	 SECTION 8.02
	    	Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.	 	27
	 SECTION 8.03
	    	Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series.	 	28
	 SECTION 8.04
	    	Covenant Defeasance.	 	30
	 SECTION 8.05
	    	Repayment to Company.	 	31
		
	 ARTICLE 9. SUPPLEMENTS, AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
	 	31
	 SECTION 9.01
	    	Without Consent of Holders.	 	31
	 SECTION 9.02
	    	With Consent of Holders.	 	32
	 SECTION 9.03
	    	Revocation and Effect of Consents.	 	33
	 SECTION 9.04
	    	Notation on or Exchange of Securities.	 	33
	 SECTION 9.05
	    	Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc.	 	33
		
	 ARTICLE 10. MISCELLANEOUS
	 	34
	 SECTION 10.01
	    	Notices.	 	34
	 SECTION 10.02
	    	Communication By Holders With other Holders.	 	35
	 SECTION 10.03
	    	Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.	 	35
	 SECTION 10.04
	    	Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.	 	35
	 SECTION 10.05
	    	Rules by Trustee and Agents.	 	35
	 SECTION 10.06
	    	Legal Holidays.	 	36
	 SECTION 10.07
	    	No Recourse Against Others.	 	36
	 SECTION 10.08
	    	Counterparts.	 	36
	 SECTION 10.09
	    	Governing Law.	 	36
	 SECTION 10.10
	    	Severability.	 	36
	 SECTION 10.11
	    	Effect of Headings, Table of Contents, etc.	 	36
	 SECTION 10.12
	    	Successors and Assigns.	 	36
	 SECTION 10.13
	    	No Interpretation of Other Agreements.	 	37

  
 ii 

 CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE* 

 

					
	 Trust Indenture Act Section
	  	 Indenture Section

	310	    	(a)(1)	  	7.10
		    	 (a)(2)
	  	7.10
		    	 (a)(3)
	  	N.A.
		    	 (a)(4)
	  	N.A.
		    	 (a)(5)
	  	7.10
		    	 (b)
	  	7.03, 7.08;7.10
		    	 (c)
	  	N.A.
	311	    	 (a)
	  	7.11
		    	 (b)
	  	7.11
		    	 (c)
	  	N.A.
	312	    	 (a)
	  	2.05
		    	 (b)
	  	10.03
		    	 (c)
	  	10.03
	313	    	 (a)
	  	7.06
		    	 (b)
	  	7.06
		    	 (c)
	  	7.06; 10.02
		    	 (d)
	  	7.06
	314	    	 (a)
	  	4.02; 10.02
		    	 (b)
	  	N.A.
		    	 (c)(1)
	  	10.04
		    	 (c)(2)
	  	10.04
		    	 (c)(3)
	  	N.A.
		    	 (d)
	  	N.A.
		    	 (e)
	  	10.05
		    	 (f)
	  	N.A.
	315	    	 (a)
	  	7.01(b)(ii), 7.02
		    	 (b)
	  	7.02, 7.05; 10.02
		    	 (c)
	  	7.01(a), 7.02
		    	 (d)
	  	7.01(d), 7.02
		    	 (e)
	  	6.11
	316	    	 (a)(last sentence)
	  	2.13(f)
		    	 (a)(1)(A)
	  	6.05
		    	 (a)(1)(B)
	  	6.04
		    	 (a)(2)
	  	N.A.
		    	 (b)
	  	6.07
		    	 (c)
	  	2.12; 9.03
	317	    	 (a)(1)
	  	6.08
		    	 (a)(2)
	  	6.09
		    	 (b)
	  	2.04
	318	    	 (a)
	  	1.03
		    	 (b)
	  	N.A.
		    	 (c)
	  	1.03

  
 N.A.
means not applicable. 

	*	This Cross-Reference Table is not part of the Indenture. 

  
 iii

 INDENTURE dated as of
                    , 20     between Golden Star Resources Ltd., a Canadian corporation (the “Company”), and
            , a             , as Trustee (the “Trustee”). 

The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its
debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness to be issued in one or more series (the “Securities”), as herein provided, up to such principal amount as may from time to time be authorized in or pursuant to one or more resolutions of
the Board of Directors or by supplemental indenture. 
 Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for
the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of each series of the Securities: 
 ARTICLE 1. 

DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
 SECTION 1.01 Certain Definitions. 
 “Affiliate”
means any Person controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company. For purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and
“under common control with”), as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership
of voting stock, by agreement or otherwise. 
 “Agent” means any Registrar, Paying Agent, authenticating agent
or co-Registrar. 
 “Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any authorized
committee thereof. 
 “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification (and delivered to the Trustee, if
appropriate). 
 “Closing Date” means the date on which the Securities of a particular series were originally
issued under this Indenture. 
 “Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission. 

“Company” means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it pursuant to this Indenture and thereafter
means the successor. 
 “Company Order” means a written order signed in the name of the Company by two
officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer. 

 “Company Request” means a written request signed in the name of the Company
by its Chairman of the Board, a President or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee. 

“Corporate Trust Office” shall mean the corporate trust office of the Trustee, which shall initially be 

“Default” means any event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of
Default. 
 “Depositary” means, with respect to the Securities of any series issuable or issued in whole or in
part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person designated as Depositary for such series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such
person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such series. 
 “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time. 
 “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are applicable to the
circumstances as of the Closing Date. 
 “Global Security” shall mean a Security issued to evidence all or a
part of any series of Securities that is executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee to a Depositary or pursuant to such Depositary’s instructions, all in accordance with this Indenture and pursuant to
Section 2.01, which shall be registered as to principal and interest in the name of such Depositary or its nominee. 

“Holder” or “Securityholder” means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the register of
Securities kept by the Registrar. 
 “Indenture” means this Indenture, as amended or supplemented from time to
time. 
 “Interest” when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security that by its terms bears
interest only after maturity, means interest payable after maturity. 
 “Maturity” when used with respect to
any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or
otherwise. 
 “Officer” means the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief
Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, any Vice President, the Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary of the Company. 

  
 2 

 “Officers Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers, one of
whom must be the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company. 

“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion from legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel
may be an employee of or counsel to the Company or the Trustee. 
 “Original Issue Discount Security” means any
Security which provides that an amount less than its principal amount is due and payable upon acceleration after an Event of Default. 
 “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or
any agency or political subdivision thereof. 
 “Principal” of a Security means the principal amount due on the
Stated Maturity of the Security plus the premium, if any, on the Security. 
 “Securities” means the Securities
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. 
 “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended from time to time. 
 “Stated Maturity” when used with respect to any Security or any installment of
interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of interest is due and payable. 
 “Subsidiary” means any corporation, partnership or limited liability company of which the Company, or the Company and one or more Subsidiaries, or any one or more Subsidiaries, directly
or indirectly owns or own (i) in the case of a corporation, voting securities entitling the holders thereof to elect a majority of the directors, either at all times or so long as there is no default or contingency which permits the holders of
any other class of securities to vote for the election of one or more directors, (ii) in the case of a partnership, at least a majority of the general partnership interests and at least a majority of total outstanding partnership interests or
(iii) in the case of a limited liability company, at least a majority of the membership interests. 

“TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended from time to time, and as in effect on the date of execution of
this Indenture; provided, however, that in the event the TIA is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act, as so amended. 

“Trustee” means the party named as such above until a successor becomes such pursuant to this Indenture and thereafter
means or includes each party who is then a trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such party, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any series means the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.
If Trustees with respect to different series of Securities are trustees under this Indenture, nothing herein shall constitute the Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, and each Trustee shall be the trustee of a trust separate and apart from any
trust administered by any other Trustee with respect to a different series of Securities. 

  
 3 

 “Trust Officer” means any officer or assistant officer of the Trustee
assigned by the Trustee to administer its corporate trust matters. 
 “U.S. Government Obligations” means
securities that are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality
of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America that is not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include
a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government obligation held by such custodian for the account
of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in
respect of the U.S. Government obligation evidenced by such depository receipt. 
 SECTION 1.02 Other Definitions.

  

			
	 Term
	  	Defined in Section
	 “Bankruptcy Law”
	  	6.01
	 “Custodian”
	  	6.01
	 “Event of Default”
	  	6.01
	 “Legal Holiday”
	  	10.07
	 “Paying Agent”
	  	2.03
	 “Place of Payment”
	  	2.01
	 “Redemption price”
	  	3.03
	 “Registrar”
	  	2.03

 SECTION 1.03 Trust Indenture Act. 

The provisions of TIA Sections 310 through 317 that impose duties on any Person (including the provisions automatically deemed
included herein unless expressly excluded by this Indenture) are a part of and govern this Indenture upon and so long as the Indenture and Securities are subject to the TIA. If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with such
duties, the duties imposed by the Indenture shall control. If a provision of the TIA requires or permits a provision of this Indenture and the TIA provision is amended, then the Indenture provision shall be automatically amended to like effect.

 The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings: 

“indenture securities” means the Securities. 
 “indenture securityholder” means a Securityholder. 
 “indenture to
be qualified” means this Indenture. 

  
 4 

 “indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee.

 “obligor” on the Securities means the Company and any successor obligor on the Securities. 

SECTION 1.04 Rules of Construction. 
 Unless the context otherwise requires: 
  

	 	(i)	a term defined in Section 1.01 or 1.02 has the meaning assigned to it therein, and terms defined in the TIA and not defined in Section 1.01 or 1.02 have the
meanings assigned to them in the TIA; 

  

	 	(ii)	an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP; 

 

	 	(iii)	“or” is not exclusive; 

  

	 	(iv)	words in the singular include the plural, and words in the plural include the singular; 

 

	 	(v)	provisions apply to successive events and transactions; and 

  

	 	(vi)	“including” means without limitation. 

 ARTICLE 2. 
 THE SECURITIES 

SECTION 2.01 Unlimited In Amount, Issuable In Series, Form and Dating. 

The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities
may be issued in one or more series. There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution or an Officers Certificate pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto,
prior to the issuance of Securities of any series: 
  

	 	(a)	the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other securities); 

 

	 	(b)	the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the series will be issued;

  

	 	(c)	any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities
authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to this Article 2); 

 

	 	(d)	the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable; 

  
 5 

	 	(e)	the rate or rates that may be fixed or variable at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or the manner in which such rate or rates shall be
determined, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the interest payment dates on which such interest shall be payable and the record dates for the determination of Holders to whom interest is payable; 

 

	 	(f)	the place or places where the principal of and any interest on Securities of the series shall be payable, if other than as provided herein; 

 

	 	(g)	one currency or currencies in which the Securities are issued and payable; 

 

	 	(h)	the conversion or exchange provisions applicable to the Securities; 

  

	 	(i)	whether and upon what terms the series of Securities will be convertible into equity or debt securities of the Company; 

 

	 	(j)	the price or prices at which (if any), the period or periods within which (if any) and the terms and conditions upon which (if other than as provided herein) Securities
of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option, or as an obligation, of the Company; 

  

	 	(k)	the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, purchase or repay Securities of the series, in whole or in part, pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions
or at the option of a Holder thereof and the price or prices at which and the period and periods within which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, purchased or repaid pursuant to such obligation;

  

	 	(l)	if other than denominations of $1,000 and any multiple thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable; 

 

	 	(m)	whether the Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a Global Security or Securities; the terms and conditions, if any, upon which
such Global Security or Securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual securities, and the Depositary for such Global Security and Securities; 

 

	 	(n)	if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of
the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02 hereof; 

  

	 	(o)	any Events of Default with respect to the Securities of a particular series, if not set forth herein; 

 

	 	(p)	any additions or changes to, or deletions from, the covenants set forth in Article 4 or the acceleration provisions applicable to Securities of the series;

  

	 	(q)	the provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the series; 

  
 6 

	 	(r)	the Trustee for the series of Securities; 

  

	 	(s)	any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, but which may modify or delete any provision of this
Indenture with respect to such series; provided, however, that no such term may modify or delete any provision hereof if imposed by the TIA; and provided, further, that any modification or deletion of the rights, duties or immunities of the Trustee
hereunder shall have been consented to in writing by the Trustee). 

 All Securities of any series shall be
substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such Board Resolution or Officers Certificate or in any such indenture supplemental hereto. 

The principal of and any interest on the Securities shall be payable at the office or agency of the Company designated in the form of
Security for the series (each such place herein called the “Place of Payment”); provided, however, that payment of interest may be made at the option of the Company by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such
address shall appear in the register of Securities referred to in Section 2.03 hereof. 
 Each Security shall be in one of
the forms approved from time to time by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or Officers Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the delivery of a Security to the Trustee for authentication in any form
approved by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or Officers Certificate, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee the Board Resolution or Officers Certificate by or pursuant to which such form of Security has been approved, which Board Resolution or
Officers Certificate shall have attached thereto a true and correct copy of the form of Security that has been approved by or pursuant thereto. 
 The Securities may have notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. 

SECTION 2.02 Execution and Authentication. 
 Two officers shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature. 
 If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid. 

A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual or facsimile signature of the Trustee. The signature shall be conclusive
evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture. 
 The Trustee shall authenticate Securities for
original issue upon a Company Order. 
 The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to
authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the
same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company. 

  
 7 

 SECTION 2.03 Registrar and Paying Agent. 

The Company shall maintain an office or agency where Securities of a particular series may be presented for registration of transfer or
for exchange (the “Registrar”) and an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented for payment (a “Paying Agent”). The Registrar for a particular series of Securities shall keep a register of the Securities
of that series and of their transfer and exchange. The Company may appoint one or more co-Registrars and one or more additional paying agents for each series of Securities. The term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent. The
Company may change any Paying Agent, Registrar or co-Registrar without prior notice to any Securityholder. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the name and address of any Agent not a party to this Indenture. 

If the Company fails to maintain a Registrar or Paying Agent for any series of Securities, the Trustee shall act as such. The Company or
any of its Affiliates may act as Paying Agent, Registrar or co-Registrar. 
 The Company hereby appoints the Trustee the initial
Registrar and Paying Agent for each series of Securities unless another Registrar or Paying Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that series are first issued. 

SECTION 2.04 Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust. 
 Whenever the Company has one or more Paying Agents it will, prior to each due date of the principal of or interest on, any Securities, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal or
interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal or interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to
act. 
 The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that such Paying Agent will hold
in trust for the benefit of the Securityholders of the particular series for which it is acting, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal or interest on the Securities of such series, and that such Paying Agent
will notify the Trustee of any Default by the Company or any other obligor of the series of Securities in making any such payment and at any time during the continuance of any such Default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to
the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent. If the Company or an Affiliate acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of the Securityholders of the particular series for which it is
acting all money held by it as Paying Agent. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon so doing, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) shall have no
further liability for such money. Upon any bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings relating to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Securities. 

  
 8 

 SECTION 2.05 Securityholder Lists. 

The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and
addresses of Securityholders, separately by series, and shall otherwise comply with TIA Section 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least seven business days before each interest payment date
and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of Securityholders, separately by series, relating to such interest payment date
or request, as the case may be. 
 SECTION 2.06 Transfer and Exchange. 

Where Securities of a series are presented to the Registrar or a co-Registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them
for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same series of other authorized denominations, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfers
and exchanges, the Company shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar’s request. 
 No
service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer
tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.09, 2.13, 3.06 or 9.04). 
 The Company need
not issue, and the Registrar or co-Registrar need not register the transfer or exchange of, (i) any Security of a particular series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of any selection of Securities of
that series for redemption under Section 3.02 and ending at the close of business on the day of selection, or (ii) any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security of that series
being redeemed in part. 
 SECTION 2.07 Replacement Securities. 

If a mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee or if the Holder of a Security claims that the Security has been lost, destroyed or
wrongfully taken, the Company shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate a replacement Security of same series if the Company’s and the Trustee’s requirements are met. The Trustee or the Company may require an indemnity bond to be
furnished which is sufficient in the judgment of both to protect the Company, the Trustee, and any Agent from any loss which any of them may suffer if a Security is replaced. The Company may charge such Holder for its expenses in replacing a
Security. 
 Every replacement Security is an obligation of the Company and shall be entitled to all the benefit of the
Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series. 

  
 9 

 SECTION 2.08 Outstanding Securities. 

The Securities of any series outstanding at any time are all the Securities of that series authenticated by the Trustee except for those
canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, and those described in this Section as not outstanding. 
 If a Security
is replaced pursuant to Section 2.07, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a bona fide purchaser. 

If Securities are considered paid under Section 4.01, they cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.

 A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate holds the Security. 

For each series of Original Issue Discount Securities, the principal amount of such Securities that shall be deemed to be outstanding and
used to determine whether the necessary Holders have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver shall be the principal amount of such Securities that could be declared to be due and payable upon acceleration upon
an Event of Default as of the date of such determination. When requested by the Trustee, the Company shall advise the Trustee of such amount, showing its computations in reasonable detail. 

SECTION 2.09 Temporary Securities. 
 Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a written order of the Company signed by one Officer of the
Company. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee
shall authenticate definitive Securities in exchange for temporary Securities. 
 Holders of temporary securities shall be
entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture. 
 SECTION 2.10 Cancellation. 

The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and Paying Agent shall forward to the
Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall return such
canceled Securities to the Company at the Company’s written request. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or that have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. 

  
 10 

 SECTION 2.11 Defaulted Interest. 

If the Company fails to make a payment of interest on any series of Securities, it shall pay such defaulted interest plus (to the extent
lawful) any interest payable on the defaulted interest, in any lawful manner. It may elect to pay such defaulted interest, plus any such interest payable on it, to the Persons who are Holders of such Securities on which the interest is due on a
subsequent special record date. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of defaulted interest proposed to be paid on each such Security. The Company shall fix any such record date and payment date for such payment. At least 15
days before any such record date, the Company shall mail to Securityholders affected thereby a notice that states the record date, payment date, and amount of such interest to be paid. 

SECTION 2.12 Special Record Dates. 
  

	 	(a)	The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, set a record date for the purpose of determining the identity of Holders entitled to consent to any supplement,
amendment or waiver permitted by this Indenture. If a record date is fixed, the Holders of Securities of that series outstanding on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to consent to such supplement, amendment or waiver or
revoke any consent previously given, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date. No consent shall be valid or effective for more than 90 days after such record date unless consents from Holders of the principal amount of
Securities of that series required hereunder for such amendment or waiver to be effective shall have also been given and not revoked within such 90-day period. 

 

	 	(b)	The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of any series of Securities entitled to join in
the giving or making of any notice of Default, any declaration of acceleration, any request to institute proceedings or any other similar direction. If a record date is fixed, the Holders of Securities of that series outstanding on such record date,
and no other Holders, shall be entitled to join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided, however, that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on
or prior to the date 90 days after such record date. 

 SECTION 2.13 Global Securities. 

 

	 	(a)	Terms of Securities. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a series shall be
issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities. 

  

	 	(b)	 Transfer and Exchange. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.06 of this Indenture and in addition thereto,
any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.06 of this Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depositary for such Security or its nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the
Company that it is 

  
 11 

	 	
unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the
Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary within 90 days of such event or (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers Certificate to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable. Any Global Security
that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security
with like tenor and terms. 

 Except as provided in this paragraph (b) of this Section, a
Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the
Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary. 
  

	 	(c)	Legend. Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: 

“Unless this certificate is presented by an authorized representative of The Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation
(“DTC”), New York, New York, to the issuer or its agent for registration of transfer, exchange or payment, and any certificate issued is registered in the name of Cede & Co. or such other name as may be requested by an authorized
representative of DTC (and any payment is made to Cede & Co. or such other entity as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL
inasmuch as the registered owner hereof, Cede & Co. has an interest herein. Transfer of this Global Security shall be limited to transfers in whole, but not in part, to nominees of DTC or to a successor thereof or such successor’s
nominee and limited to transfers made in accordance with the restrictions set forth in the Indenture referred to herein.” 
  

	 	(d)	Acts of Holders. The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under this Indenture. 

  

	 	(e)	Payments. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.01 hereof, payment of the
principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Person specified therein. 

  
 12 

	 	(f)	Consents, Declaration and Directions. Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this Section, the Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a Person as
the Holder of such principal amount of outstanding Securities of such series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any
consents, declarations or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture. 

 SECTION
2.14 CUSIP Numbers. 
 The Company in issuing any series of Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then
generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in notices as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on
such Securities or as contained in any notice and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on such Securities, and any such action relating to such notice shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such
numbers in such notice. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the “CUSIP” numbers. 

ARTICLE 3. 

REDEMPTION 

SECTION 3.01 Notices to Trustee. 
 If the Company elects to redeem Securities of any series pursuant to any optional redemption provisions thereof, it shall notify the Trustee of the redemption date and the principal amount of Securities
of that series to be redeemed. 
 If the Company elects to reduce the principal amount of Securities of any series to be
redeemed pursuant to mandatory redemption provisions thereof, it shall notify the Trustee of the amount of, and the basis for, any such reduction. If the Company elects to credit against any such mandatory redemption Securities it has not previously
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, it shall deliver such Securities with such notice. 
 The Company shall give the
notice provided for in this Section at least 45 days before the redemption date (unless a shorter notice period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), which notice shall specify the provisions of such Security pursuant to which the Company elects to
redeem such Securities. 
 SECTION 3.02 Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed. 

If less than all the securities of any series are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select the Securities of that series to be redeemed
by a method that complies with the requirements of any exchange on which the Securities of that series are listed, or, if the Securities of that series are not listed on an exchange, by lot or by such other method as the Trustee deems appropriate.
The Trustee shall make the selection not more than 75 days and not less than 30 days before the redemption date from Securities of that series outstanding and not previously called for redemption. Except as otherwise provided as to any particular
series of Securities, Securities and 

  
 13 

 
portions thereof that the Trustee selects shall be in amounts equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of the series to be redeemed or any integral multiple thereof. Provisions
of this Indenture that apply to Securities called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities called for redemption. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly in writing of the Securities or portions of Securities to be called for
redemption. 
 SECTION 3.03 Notice of Redemption. 

Except as otherwise provided as to any particular series of Securities, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption
date, the Company shall mail a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed. 
 The notice shall
identify the Securities of the series to be redeemed and shall state: 
  

	 	(1)	the redemption date; 

  

	 	(2)	the redemption price; 

  

	 	(3)	if any Security is being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Security to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date, upon surrender of
such Security, a new Security or Securities in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion will be issued; 

  

	 	(4)	the name and address of the Paying Agent; 

  

	 	(5)	that Securities called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price; 

 

	 	(6)	that, unless the Company defaults in payment of the redemption price, interest on Securities called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date;
and 

  

	 	(7)	the CUSIP number, if any, of the Securities to be redeemed. 

 At the Company’s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at its expense. The notice mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed
to have been duly given whether or not the Holder receives such notice. In any case, failure to give such notice by mail or any defect in the notice of the Holder of any Security shall not affect the validity of the proceeding for the redemption of
any other Security. 
 SECTION 3.04 Effect of Notice of Redemption. 

Once notice of redemption is mailed in accordance with Section 3.03 hereof, Securities called for redemption become due and payable
on the redemption date for the redemption price. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities will be paid at the Redemption Price. 

  
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 SECTION 3.05 Deposit of Redemption Price. 

On or before the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent (or, if the Company or any Affiliate is the Paying
Agent, shall segregate and hold in trust) money sufficient to pay the redemption price of all Securities called for redemption on that date, other than Securities that have previously been delivered by the Company to the Trustee for cancellation.
The Paying Agent shall return to the Company any money not required for that purpose. 
 SECTION 3.06 Securities Redeemed
in Part. 
 Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Company shall issue and the Trustee shall
authenticate for the Holder at the expense of the Company a new Security of same series equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered. 
 ARTICLE 4. 
 COVENANTS 

SECTION 4.01 Payment of Securities. 
 The Company shall pay or cause to be paid the principal of and interest on the Securities on the dates and in the manner provided in this Indenture and the Securities. Principal and interest shall be
considered paid on the date due if the Paying Agent, if other than the Company or an Affiliate, holds on that date immediately available funds designated for and sufficient to pay all principal and interest then due. 

To the extent lawful, the Company shall pay interest on overdue principal and overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum
borne by the applicable series of Securities. 
 SECTION 4.02 Commission Reports. 

The Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 15 days after it files them with the Commission copies of the annual reports and of the
information, documents, and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company is required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Exchange Act; provided, however the Company shall not be required to deliver to the Trustee any materials for which the Company has sought and received confidential treatment by the Commission. The Company also shall comply with the other
provisions of TIA Section 314(a). 
 Section 4.03 Compliance Certificate. 

The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an Officers Certificate
stating that in the course of the performance by the signers of their duties as officers of the Company, they would normally have knowledge of any failure by the Company to comply with all conditions, or default by the Company with respect to any
covenants, under this Indenture, and further stating whether or not they have knowledge of any such failure or default and, if so, specifying each such failure or default and the nature 

  
 15 

 
thereof. For purposes of this Section, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided for in this Indenture. The certificate need not
comply with Section 10.04 hereof. 
 The Company shall, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the
Trustee, forthwith upon becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officers Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto. 

ARTICLE 5. 

SUCCESSORS 

SECTION 5.01 When Company May Merge, etc. 
 Unless the terms of the Securities of a series provide otherwise, the Company shall not consolidate or merge with or into (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation), or sell, assign,
transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its properties or assets in one or more related transactions to any Person unless: 
  

	 	(1)	the Company is the surviving corporation or the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company) or to which such sale,
assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; 

 

	 	(2)	the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company) or the Person to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance
or other disposition shall have been made assumes by supplemental indenture all the obligations of the Company under the Securities and this Indenture; and 

 

	 	(3)	immediately prior to and after giving effect to the transaction no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing. 

The Company shall deliver to the Trustee on or prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officers Certificate to the
foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and such supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture. 
 SECTION 5.02 Successor Corporation Substituted. 
 Upon any
consolidation or merger, or any transfer by the Company (other than by lease) of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.01 hereof, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into which
the Company is merged or to which such transfer is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor

  
 16 

 
corporation had been named as the Company herein. In the event of any such transfer, the predecessor Company shall be released and discharged from all liabilities and obligations in respect of
the Securities and the Indenture, and the predecessor Company may be dissolved, wound up or liquidated at any time thereafter. 

ARTICLE 6. 

DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES 
 SECTION 6.01 Events of Default. 
 An “Event of Default”
occurs with respect to Securities of any particular series if, unless in the establishing Board Resolution, Officers Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto, it is provided that such series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default:

  

	 	(1)	the Company defaults in the payment of interest on any Security of that series when the same becomes due and payable, and the Default continues for a period of 30 days;

  

	 	(2)	the Company defaults in the payment of the principal of any Security of that series when the same becomes due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise;

  

	 	(3)	an Event of Default, as defined in the Securities of that series, occurs and is continuing, or the Company fails to comply with any of its other agreements in the
Securities of that series or in this Indenture with respect to that series and the Default continues for the period and after the notice specified below; 

  

	 	(4)	the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law: 

  

	 	a)	commences a voluntary case; 

  

	 	b)	consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case; 

 

	 	c)	consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property; 

 

	 	d)	makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or 

  

	 	e)	admits in writing its inability generally to pay its debts as the same become due. 

 

	 	(5)	a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that: 

  
 17 

	 	a)	is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case; 

  

	 	b)	appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property; or 

 

	 	c)	orders the liquidation of the Company; 

 and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 days; or 
  

	 	(6)	any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that series which is specified in a Board Resolution, Officers Certificate or supplemental indenture
establishing that series of Securities. 

 The term “Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code or any
similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. The term “Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law. 

A Default under clause (3) above is not an Event of Default with respect to a particular series of Securities until the Trustee or
the Holders of at least 50% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series notify the Company of the Default and the Company does not cure the Default within 60 days after receipt of the notice. The notice must specify the
Default, demand that it be remedied and state that the notice is a “Notice of Default.” Such notice shall be given by the Trustee if so requested in writing by the Holders of 50% of the principal amount of the then outstanding Securities
of that series. 
 SECTION 6.02 Acceleration. 

If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series (other than an Event of Default specified in clauses (4) and
(5) of Section 6.01) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee by notice to the Company, or the Holders of at least 50% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare
the unpaid principal (or, in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities, such lesser amount as may be provided for in such Securities) of and any accrued interest on all the Securities of that series to be due and payable. Upon such declaration,
the principal (or such lesser amount) and interest shall be due and payable immediately. If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or (5) of Section 6.01 occurs, all of such amount shall become and be immediately due and payable
without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series by notice to the Trustee may rescind an acceleration and its consequences
if the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree and if all existing Events of Default with respect to that series have been cured or waived except nonpayment of principal (or such lesser amount) or interest that has become due
solely because of the acceleration. 
 SECTION 6.03 Other Remedies. 

If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy to
collect the payment of principal or interest on the Securities of that series or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Securities of that series or this Indenture. 

  
 18 

 The Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Securities or
does not produce any of them in the proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Securityholder in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or
acquiescence in the Event of Default. All remedies are cumulative to the extent permitted by law. 
 SECTION 6.04 Waiver
of Defaults. 
 Subject to Section 9.02, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding
Securities of any series, by notice to the Trustee, may waive an existing or past Default or Event of Default with respect to that series and its consequences except a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal (including any
mandatory sinking fund or like payment) of or interest on any Security of that series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any series may rescind an acceleration and its
consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration). 
 SECTION 6.05 Control by
Majority. 
 The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series may direct
the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy with respect to that series available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it. However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with
law or this Indenture, that is unduly prejudicial to the rights of another Holder of Securities of that series, or that may involve the Trustee in personal liability. The Trustee may take any other action which it deems proper that is not
inconsistent with any such direction. 
 SECTION 6.06 Limitation on Suits. 

A Holder of Securities of any series may not pursue a remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Securities unless: 

 

	 	(1)	the Holder gives to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to that series; 

 

	 	(2)	the Holders of at least 50% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series make a written request to the Trustee to pursue the remedy;

  

	 	(3)	such Holder or Holders offer to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense; 

 

	 	(4)	the Trustee does not comply with the request within 60 days after receipt of the request and the offer and, if requested, the provision of indemnity; and

  
 19 

	 	(5)	during such 60-day period the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction
inconsistent with the request. 

 No Holder of any series of Securities may use this Indenture to prejudice the
rights of another Holder of Securities of that series or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder of Securities of that series. 
 SECTION 6.07 Rights of Holders to Receive Payment. 
 Notwithstanding
any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Security to receive payment of principal of and interest, if any, on the Security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in the Security, or to bring suit for the
enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of the Holder. 
 SECTION 6.08 Collection Suit by Trustee. 
 If an Event of Default
specified in Section 6.01(l) or (2) hereof occurs and is continuing with respect to Securities of any series, the Trustee may recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an express trust against the Company for the whole amount of
principal (or such portion of the principal as may be specified as due upon acceleration at that time in the terms of that series of Securities) and interest, if any, remaining unpaid on the Securities of that series then outstanding, together with
(to the extent lawful) interest on overdue principal and interest, and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and, to the extent lawful, expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements
and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof. 

SECTION 6.09 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. 
 The Trustee may file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and the Securityholders allowed in any judicial
proceedings relative to the Company (or any other obligor on the Securities), its creditors or its property and shall be entitled to and empowered to collect and receive any money or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to
distribute the same, and any custodian in any such judicial proceedings is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders,
to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agent and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof. Nothing contained herein
shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof,
or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding. 

  
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 SECTION 6.10 Priorities. 

If the Trustee collects any money with respect to Securities of any series pursuant to this Article, it shall pay out the money in the
following order: 
  

	First:	to the Trustee, its agents and attorneys for amounts due under Section 7.07 hereof, including payment of all compensation, expense and liabilities incurred, and
all advances made, by the Trustee and the costs and expenses of collection; 

  

	Second:	to Securityholders for amounts due and unpaid on the Securities of such series for principal and interest, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind,
according to the amounts due and payable on the Securities of such series for principal and interest, respectively; and 

  

	Third:	to the Company or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct. 

The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Holders of Securities of any series pursuant to this Section. The
Trustee shall notify the Company in writing reasonably in advance of any such record date and payment date. 
 SECTION 6.11
Undertaking for Costs. 
 In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit
against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as a Trustee, a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess
reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, against any party litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defense made by the party litigant. This Section does not apply to a
suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder pursuant to Section 6.07 hereof or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series. 

ARTICLE 7. 

TRUSTEE 

SECTION 7.01 Duties of Trustee. 
  

	 	(a)	If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree
of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs. 

  

	 	(b)	Except during the continuance of an Event of Default known to the Trustee: 

 

	 	(i)	the duties of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture or the TIA and the Trustee need perform only those duties that are
specifically set forth in this Indenture or the TIA and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and 

  
 21 

	 	(ii)	in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein,
upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture. However, in the case of any certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee,
the Trustee shall examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein).

  

	 	(c)	The Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:

  

	 	(i)	this paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section; 

 

	 	(ii)	the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a responsible officer of the Trustee, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent
in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and 

  

	 	(iii)	the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to
Section 6.05 hereof. 

  

	 	(d)	Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b) and
(c) of this Section. 

  

	 	(e)	No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or incur any liability. The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise
any right or power unless it receives security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. 

  

	 	(f)	The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Absent written instruction from
the Company, the Trustee shall not be required to invest any such money. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. 

SECTION 7.02 Rights of Trustee. 
 Subject to TIA Section 315(a) through (d): 
  

	 	(a)	The Trustee may conclusively rely on any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee shall not be bound
to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or
document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit. 

  
 22 

	 	(b)	Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel, or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any
action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. 

  

	 	(c)	The Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. 

 

	 	(d)	The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers under the
Indenture, unless the Trustee’s conduct constitutes negligence. 

  

	 	(e)	Unless otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Company shall be sufficient if signed by an officer of the
Company. 

  

	 	(f)	The Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and may rely upon the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel. 

The Trustee shall be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default only if a Trust Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge
thereof or receives at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee written notice of any event that is in fact a Default or Event of Default, and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular series, as the case may
be, and this Indenture. 
 SECTION 7.03 Individual Rights of Trustee. 

The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company
or an Affiliate with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. However, the Trustee is subject to TIA Sections 310(b) and 311. 

SECTION 7.04 Trustee’s Disclaimer. 
 The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Securities, and it
shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its certificate of authentication. 
 SECTION 7.05
Notice of Defaults. 
 If a Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of any series occurs and is
continuing and if the Trustee is deemed to have notice thereof, the Trustee shall mail to all Holders of Securities of that series a notice of the Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs. Except in the case of a Default or Event
of Default in payment on any such Security, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as a committee of its Trust Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of such Securityholders. 

  
 23 

 SECTION 7.06 Reports by Trustee to Holders. 

Within 60 days after May 15 in each year, the Trustee with respect to any series of Securities shall mail to Holders of Securities
of that series as provided in TIA Section 313(c) a brief report dated as of such May 15 that complies with TIA Section 313(a) (if such report is required by TIA Section 313(a)). The Trustee shall also comply with TIA
Section 313(b). 
 A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Securityholders shall be mailed to the Company and
filed with the Commission and each stock exchange on which any of the Securities are listed, as required by TIA Section 313(d). The Company shall notify the Trustee when the Securities are listed on any stock exchange, and of any delisting
thereof. 
 SECTION 7.07 Compensation and Indemnity. 

The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation as shall be agreed upon in writing for its services hereunder.
The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon written request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and out-of-pocket expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.

 The Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee for any loss, liability, damage, claims or
expenses, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by it, without negligence or bad faith on its part, in connection with the acceptance or administration of this Indenture and
its duties hereunder. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel and the
Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent. 
 To secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee in its capacity as
Trustee, except money or property held in trust to pay principal and interest on particular Securities. Such lien will survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. 

If the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(4) or (5) hereof occurs,
the expenses and the compensation for the services will be intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable Bankruptcy Law. 
 This Section 7.07 shall survive the termination of this Indenture. 

  
 24 

 SECTION 7.08 Replacement of Trustee. 

A resignation or removal of the Trustee with respect to one or more or all series of Securities and appointment of a successor Trustee
shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section. 
 The
Trustee may resign with respect to one or more or all series of Securities by so notifying the Company in writing. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series may remove the Trustee as to that
series by so notifying the Trustee in writing and may appoint a successor Trustee with the Company’s consent. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to one or more or all series of Securities if: 

 

	 	(a)	the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10 hereof; 

  

	 	(b)	the Trustee is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent; 

  

	 	(c)	a receiver or other public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or 

 

	 	(d)	the Trustee becomes incapable of acting. 

 If, as to any series of Securities, the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee for that
series. Within one year after the successor Trustee with respect to any series takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor
Trustee appointed by the Company. If a successor Trustee as to a particular series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least 10% in principal
amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee. 
 If the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10 hereof with respect to any series, any Holder of Securities of that series who satisfies the requirements of TIA Section 310(b) may petition any
court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee for that series. 
 A
successor Trustee as to any series of Securities shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee shall promptly transfer all property held by it as
Trustee to the successor Trustee (subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.07 hereof), the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the
Trustee under this Indenture as to that series. The successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to the Holders of Securities of that series. 
 Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring trustee.

 In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all)
series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee 

  
 25 

 
with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and that
(1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or
those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the
Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary or desirable
to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee; provided, however, that nothing herein or in such supplemental Indenture shall constitute such Trustee co-trustees of the same trust and that each such
Trustee shall be trustee of a trust hereunder separate and apart from any trust hereunder administered by any other such Trustee. 
 Upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental Indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee
relates. 
 SECTION 7.09 Successor Trustee by Merger, etc. 

If the Trustee as to any series of Securities consolidates, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its
corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee as to that series. 
 SECTION 7.10 Eligibility; Disqualification. 
 Each series of
Securities shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA Section 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee as to any series of Securities shall always have a combined capital and surplus of at least $25,000,000 as set forth
in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee is subject to TIA Section 310(b). 
 SECTION 7.11
Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. 
 The Trustee is subject to TIA Section 311(a), excluding
any creditor relationship listed in TIA Section 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA Section 311(a) to the extent indicated therein. 

ARTICLE 8. 

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE 
 SECTION 8.01 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. 
 This
Indenture shall upon Company Order cease to be of further effect (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities herein expressly provided 

  
 26 

 
for), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when 

 

	 	(a)	either 

  

	 	(i)	all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid) have been
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or 

  

	 	(ii)	all such securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation 

 

	 	(1)	have become due and payable, or 

  

	 	(2)	will become due and payable at their stated maturity within one year, or 

  

	 	(3)	are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at
the expense, of the Company, or 

  

	 	(4)	are deemed paid and discharged pursuant to Section 8.03, as applicable; 

 and the Company, in the case of (1), (2) or (3) above, has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount sufficient for the purpose of paying and
discharging the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities that have become due and payable on or prior to the
date of such deposit) or to the stated maturity or redemption date, as the case may be; 
  

	 	(b)	the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and 

 

	 	(c)	the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to
the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with. 

 Notwithstanding the satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof, and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this section or if money or obligations shall have
been deposited with or received by the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 hereof, the obligations of the Trustee under Sections 8.02 and 8.05 hereof shall survive. 
 SECTION 8.02 Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification. 
  

	 	(a)	 Subject to the provisions of Section 8.05 hereof, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.01 hereof, all money and U.S.
Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04 hereof 

  
 27 

	 	
and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04 hereof, shall be held in trust and applied by it,
in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto,
of the principal and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections 8.03 and 8.04 hereof.

  

	 	(b)	The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant
to Sections 8.03 or 8.04 hereof or the interest and principal received in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders. 

  

	 	(c)	The Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any U.S. Government Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections 8.03
or 8.04 hereof that, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have
been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or money were deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government obligations held under this Indenture.

 SECTION 8.03 Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series. 

Unless this Section 8.03 is otherwise specified to be inapplicable to Securities of any series, the Company shall be deemed to have
paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any such series on the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such
outstanding Securities of such series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, upon Company Request, execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except as to: 

 

	 	(a)	the rights of Holders of the Securities of such series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of each installment
of principal of or interest on the outstanding Securities of such series on the stated maturity of such principal of or interest and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such series on the day
on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such series; 

  

	 	(b)	the Company’s obligations with respect to such Securities of such series under Sections 2.03, 2.06 and 2.07 hereof; and 

  
 28 

	 	(c)	the rights, powers, trust and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the duties of the Trustee under Section 8.02 hereof and the duty of the Trustee to
authenticate Securities of such series issued on registration of transfer of exchange; 

 provided that, the
following conditions shall have been satisfied: 
  

	 	(d)	the Company shall have deposited or caused to be deposited irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds, for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically
pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, cash in U.S. Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof, in accordance with their
terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized
firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments) of and interest, if any, on all
the Securities of such series on the dates such installments of interest or principal are due; 

  

	 	(e)	such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other material agreement or instrument to which the
Company is a party or by which it is bound; 

  

	 	(f)	no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period
ending on the 91st day after such date; 

  

	 	(g)	the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the
Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, the Holders of the Securities of such series will not
recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the
case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred; 

  

	 	(h)	the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders
of the Securities of such series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; 

 

	 	(i)	such deposit shall not result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended),
or such trust shall be qualified under such Act or exempt from regulation thereunder; and 

  
 29 

	 	(j)	the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to
the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with. 

 SECTION 8.04 Covenant
Defeasance. 
 Unless this Section 8.04 is otherwise inapplicable to Securities of any series, on and after the
91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (a) hereof, the Company may omit to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.02, 4.03 and 5.01 hereof as well as any additional covenants
contained in a supplemental indenture hereto for a particular series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.01(n) hereof (and the failure to comply with any such provisions shall not
constitute a Default or Event of Default under Section 6.01 hereof) and the occurrence of any event described in clause (e) of Section 6.01 hereof shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the
Securities of such series, provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied: 
  

	 	(a)	With reference to this Section 8.04, the Company has deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.03 hereof) with the
Trustee as trust funds, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, cash in U.S. Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations which through the payment of interest and principal in
respect thereof, in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash sufficient,
in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay principal and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund in respect of
the Securities of such series on the dates such installments of interest or principal are due; 

  

	 	(b)	Such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other material agreement or instrument to which the
Company is a party or by which it is bound; 

  

	 	(c)	No Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period
ending on the 91st day after such date; 

  

	 	(d)	The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel confirming that Holders of the Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss
for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not
occurred; 

  
 30 

	 	(e)	The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the
Securities of such series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and 

 

	 	(f)	The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for
relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with. 

 SECTION 8.05 Repayment
to Company. 
 The Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon the Company’s request any money held
by them for the payment of principal or interest that remains unclaimed for two years after the date upon which such payment shall have become due. After payment to the Company, Securityholders entitled to the money must look to the Company for
payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another Person. 
 ARTICLE 9.

 SUPPLEMENTS, AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS 
 SECTION 9.01 Without Consent of Holders. 
 The Company and the
Trustee as to any series of Securities may supplement or amend this Indenture or the Securities without notice to or the consent of any Securityholder: 
  

	 	(1)	to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency; 

  

	 	(2)	to comply with Article 5; 

  

	 	(3)	to comply with any requirements of the Commission in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA; 

 

	 	(4)	to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities; 

 

	 	(5)	to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities, provided, however, that any such addition, change
or elimination (A) shall neither (i) apply to any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii) modify the rights of the Holder of any such
Security with respect to such provision or (B) shall become effective only when there is no outstanding Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision;

  
 31 

	 	(6)	to make any change that does not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of the Securityholders of any series; or 

 

	 	(7)	to establish additional series of Securities as permitted by Section 2.01 hereof. 

SECTION 9.02 With Consent of Holders. 
 Subject to Section 6.07, the Company and the Trustee as to any series of Securities may amend this Indenture or the Securities of that series with the written consent of the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of each series affected by the amendment, with each such series voting as a separate class. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series may also
waive compliance in a particular instance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture with respect to that series or the Securities of that series; provided, however, that without the consent of each Securityholder affected, an amendment or
waiver may not: 
  

	 	(1)	reduce the percentage of the principal amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment or waiver; 

 

	 	(2)	reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous provision; 

 

	 	(3)	reduce the rate of, or change the time for payment of interest on, any Security; 

 

	 	(4)	reduce the principal of or change the fixed maturity of any Security or waive a redemption payment or alter the redemption provisions with respect thereto;

  

	 	(5)	make any Security payable in money other than that stated in the Security (including defaulted interest); 

 

	 	(6)	reduce the principal amount of original Issue Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof; 

 

	 	(7)	make any change in Section 6.04, 6.07 or 9.02 (this sentence); or 

  

	 	(8)	waive a default in the payment of the principal of, or interest on, any Security, except to the extent otherwise provided for in Section 6.02 hereof.

 An amendment or waiver under this Section that waives, changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of
this Indenture that has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or that modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be
deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series. 

  
 32 

 It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders under this Section to approve the
particular form of any proposed amendment or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. 

The Company shall mail supplemental indentures to Holders upon request. Any failure of the Company to mail such notice, or any defect
therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver. 

SECTION 9.03 Revocation and Effect of Consents. 
 Until an amendment or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of the Security or portion of the Security that
evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security; provided, however, that unless a record date shall have been established pursuant to Section 2.12(a) hereof, any such
Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his or her Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date on which the amendment or waiver becomes effective. An amendment or waiver shall
become effective on receipt by the Trustee of consents from the Holders of the requisite percentage of principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any series, and thereafter shall bind every Holder of Securities of that series. 

SECTION 9.04 Notation on or Exchange of Securities. 

If an amendment or waiver changes the terms of a Security: (a) the Trustee may require the Holder of the Security to deliver it to
the Trustee, the Trustee may, at the written direction of the Company and at the Company’s expense, place an appropriate notation on the Security about the changed terms and return it to the Holder and the Trustee may place an appropriate
notation on any Security thereafter authenticated; or (b) if the Company or the Trustee so determines, the Company in exchange for the Security shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate a new Security that reflects the changed terms.

 SECTION 9.05 Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc. 

The Trustee shall receive an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of any amendment or waiver proposed pursuant to this Article
is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. Subject to the preceding sentence, the Trustee shall sign such amendment or waiver if the same does not adversely affect the rights, duties, liabilities or immunities of the Trustee. The Trustee may, but
shall not be obligated to, execute any such amendment, supplement or waiver that affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties, liabilities or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. 

  
 33 

 ARTICLE 10. 
 MISCELLANEOUS 
 SECTION 10.01 Notices. 

Any notice or communication is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or sent by first-class mail (registered or certified,
return receipt requested), telecopier or overnight air courier guaranteeing next-day delivery, addressed as follows: 
 If to the
Company: 
  
 Golden Star Resources Ltd.

 10901 West Toller Drive, Suite 300 

Littleton, Colorado, 80127-6312 
 Attention: Chief Executive Officer 
 Telephone: (303) 830-9000

 Facsimile: (303) 830-9094 
 If to the Trustee: 
  

 
  

 
  

 
  

 
 Attention: 
  

Telephone: 

 
  

Facsimile: 

 
 The
Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications. 
 All notices and communications (other than those sent to Holders) shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; five business days after being deposited
in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; when receipt acknowledged, if telecopied; and the next business day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next-day delivery. 

Any notice or communication to a Securityholder shall be mailed by first-class mail to his address shown on the register kept by the
Registrar. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Securityholder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders. If the Company mails a notice or communication to Securityholders, it shall mail a
copy to the Trustee at the same time. 
 If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above within the time
prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it. 

  
 34 

 SECTION 10.02 Communication By Holders With other Holders. 

Holders may communicate pursuant to TIA Section 312(b) with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the
Securities. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA Section 312(c). 

SECTION 10.03 Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent. 

Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the
Trustee: 
  

	 	(a)	an Officers Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action
have been complied with; and 

  

	 	(b)	an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with. 

SECTION 10.04 Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion. 

Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than the
certificate provided for in Section 4.03 hereof) shall include: 
  

	 	(1)	a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; 

 

	 	(2)	a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are
based; 

  

	 	(3)	a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him or her to express an informed
opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and 

  

	 	(4)	a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with; provided, however, that with respect to matters of
fact an Opinion of Counsel may rely on an Officers Certificate or certificates of public officials. 

 SECTION
10.05 Rules by Trustee and Agents. 
 The Trustee as to Securities of any series may make reasonable rules for action
by or at a meeting of Holders of Securities of that series. The Registrar and any Paying Agent or Authenticating Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for their functions. 

  
 35 

 SECTION 10.06 Legal Holidays. 

A “Legal Holiday” is a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in
            , are not required to be open. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a
Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period. 
 SECTION 10.07 No Recourse Against Others.

 A past, present or future director, officer, employee, stockholder or incorporator, as such, of the Company or any
successor corporation shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under any series of Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Securityholder
by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration of issuance of the Securities. 
 SECTION 10.08 Counterparts. 
 This Indenture may be executed by the
parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. 

SECTION 10.09 Governing Law. 
 The laws of the State of              shall govern this Indenture and the Securities, without regard to the conflict of laws provisions
thereof. 
 SECTION 10.10 Severability. 
 In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be
affected or impaired thereby. 
 SECTION 10.11 Effect of Headings, Table of Contents, etc. 

The Article and Section headings herein and the table of contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

 SECTION 10.12 Successors and Assigns. 
 All covenants and agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the securities shall bind its successors and assigns. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.

  
 36 

 SECTION 10.13 No Interpretation of Other Agreements. 

This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or any Subsidiary. Any such
indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture. 
 [signature page follows] 

  
 37 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed, all
as of the date first above written. 
  

					
	GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
		
	 By:
	 	  

		 	Name:	 	 
		 	Title:	 	 
	
	  

	as Trustee
		
	By:	 	  

		 	Name:	 	 
		 	Title:	 	 

  
 38Third Amendment to Office Lease

 Exhibit 10.12 
 AMENDMENT #3 
 This Amendment #3 to Lease is made on November 11, 2010 between
SUNTREE GARDEN, LLC (“Lessor”) and SORRENTO THERAPEUTICS, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION (“Lessee”). 
  

	I.	Recital: This amendment of lease is made with reference to the following facts and objectives: 

 

	 	A.	Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. a Delaware corporation (Tenant) and SUNTREE GARDEN. LLC (Landlord) are parties to that certain original lease made and entered into as of
July 28, 2009, as amended on August 1, 2009, and on October 1, 2009, relating to the Premises located in the Building at 6042 Cornerstone Court West, San Diego, CA 92121 (collectively, the “Lease”) 

 

	 	B.	The parties to the Lease desire to amend the Lease to add additional space. 

 

	 	C.	Now, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree and modify the Lease as follows:

  

	II.	Increase in premise: The premises subject to the Lease shall be increased by approximately 1,455 square feet (“Additional Space”) by including the space
directly behind the second floor space currently occupied by Lessee. 

  

	III.	The rent for the Additional Space shall be five hundred ($500.00) per month. Lessee will pay for gas and electricity charges for such Additional Space. There shall be
no common area maintenance (CAM) charge for the Additional Space. 

  

	IV.	The Lease term of the Additional Space shall be 18 months, commencing on December 1, 2010. 

 

	V.	Lessee takes the Additional Space in “as is” condition. 

  

	VI.	Effectiveness of Lease: Except as set forth in this executed Amendment #3 to the Lease, all other terms and conditions of the Lease shall continue in full force and
effect. 

 In witness thereof, the parties hereto execute this Amendments #3 on the dates indicated below: 

 

							
	Lessor	 	Lessee
		
	SUNTREE GARDEN, LLC.	 	SORRENTO THERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware Corporation
				
	By:	 	 /s/ David Wen
	 	By:	 	 /s/ Henry Ji

	Title:	 	Managing Member	 	Title:	 	Chief Scientific Officer
	Date:	 	11/12/2010	 	Date:	 	11/12/2010

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