Document:

<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.1

                                 EBIX.COM, INC.
                     2001 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN FOR EMPLOYEES

     1.   PURPOSE. The purpose of this Plan is to attract and retain key
employees of and consultants to ebix.com, Inc. (the "Corporation") and its
Subsidiaries and to provide such persons with incentives and rewards for
superior performance.

     2.   DEFINITIONS. (a) As used in this Plan:

     "BOARD" means the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

     "CODE" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to
time.

     "COMMITTEE" means a committee of not less than two Directors (which shall
be the Compensation Committee unless otherwise directed by the Board) appointed
by and serving at the pleasure of the Board.

     "COMMON SHARES" means (i) shares of the Common Stock, par value $.10 per
share, of the Corporation and (ii) any security into which Common Shares may be
converted by reason of any transaction or event of the type referred to in
Section 8 of this Plan.

     "DATE OF GRANT" means the date specified by the Board on which a grant of
Option Rights or a grant or sale of Restricted Shares or Deferred Shares shall
become effective, which shall not be earlier than the date on which the Board
takes action with respect thereto.

     "DEFERRAL PERIOD" means the period of time during which Deferred Shares are
subject to deferral limitations under Section 6 of this Plan.

     "DEFERRED SHARES" means an award pursuant to Section 6 of this Plan of the
right to receive Common Shares at the end of a specified Deferral Period.

     "EXCHANGE ACT" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from
time to time.

     "LESS-THAN-80-PERCENT SUBSIDIARY" means a Subsidiary with respect to which
the Corporation directly or indirectly owns or controls less than 80 percent of
the total combined voting or other decision-making power.

     "MARKET VALUE PER SHARE" means the fair market value of the Common Shares
as determined by the Board from time to time.

     "NONQUALIFIED OPTION" means an Option Right that is not intended to qualify
for favorable tax treatment under particular provisions of the Code.

     "OPTIONEE" means the person so designated in an agreement evidencing an
outstanding Option Right.

<PAGE>

     "OPTION PRICE" means the purchase price payable upon the exercise of an
Option Right.

     "OPTION RIGHT" means the right to purchase Common Shares from the
Corporation upon the exercise of a Nonqualified Option granted pursuant to
Section 4, or a Replacement Option Right granted pursuant to Section 15(c), of
this Plan.

     "PARTICIPANT" means a person who is selected by the Board to receive
benefits under this Plan and (i) is at that time a key employee of or a
consultant to the Corporation or any Subsidiary or (ii) has agreed to commence
serving in any such capacity, provided, however, that any person who is a
director or an officer of the Corporation or has agreed to commence serving in
any such capacity may not be selected to receive benefits under this Plan.

     "REPLACEMENT OPTION RIGHT" means an Option Right granted pursuant to
Section 15(c) of this Plan in exchange for the surrender and cancellation of an
option to purchase shares of another corporation that is acquired by the
Corporation or a Subsidiary by merger or otherwise.

     "RESTRICTED SHARES" means Common Shares granted or sold pursuant to Section
5 of this Plan as to which neither the substantial risk of forfeiture nor the
restrictions on transfer referred to in Section 5 hereof has expired.

     "SUBSIDIARY" means a corporation, partnership, joint venture,
unincorporated association or other entity in which the Corporation has a direct
or indirect ownership or other equity interest.

     3.   SHARES AVAILABLE UNDER THE PLAN.

          (a)  Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 8 of this Plan, the
aggregate number of Common Shares covered by outstanding awards, except
Replacement Option Rights, granted under this Plan and issued or transferred
upon the exercise or payment thereof shall not exceed 500,000. Common Shares
issued or transferred under this Plan may be Common Shares of original issuance
or Common Shares held in treasury or a combination thereof.

          (b)  Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 8 of this Plan, the
aggregate number of Common Shares covered by Replacement Option Rights granted
under this Plan during any calendar year shall not exceed five percent of the
Common Shares outstanding on January 1 of that year.

          (c)  For the purposes of this Section 3, Common Shares covered by any
award granted under this Plan shall be deemed to have been issued or
transferred, and shall cease to be available for future issuance or transfer in
respect of any other award granted hereunder, at the earlier of the time when
they are actually issued or transferred or the time when dividends or dividend
equivalents are paid thereon; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that Restricted Shares shall be
deemed to have been issued or transferred at the earlier of the time when they
cease to be subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture or the time when
dividends are paid thereon.

                                       2
<PAGE>

     4.   OPTION RIGHTS. The Board may from time to time authorize grants to
Participants of Option Rights upon such terms and conditions as the Board may
determine in accordance with the following provisions:

          (a)  Each grant shall specify the number of Common Shares to which it
pertains.

          (b)  Each grant shall specify an Option Price per Common Share, which
may be equal to, greater than, or less than the Market Value per Share on the
Date of Grant.

          (c)  Each grant shall specify the form of consideration to be paid in
satisfaction of the Option Price and the manner of payment of such
consideration, which may include (i) cash in the form of currency or check or
other cash equivalent acceptable to the Corporation, (ii) nonforfeitable,
unrestricted Common Shares that are already owned by the optionee and have a
value at the time of exercise that is equal to the Option Price, (iii) any other
legal consideration that the Board may deem appropriate, including but not
limited to any form of consideration authorized under Section 4(d) below, on
such basis as the Board may determine in accordance with this Plan and (iv) any
combination of the foregoing.

          (d)  On or after the Date of Grant of any Nonqualified Option, the
Board may determine that payment of the Option Price may also be made in whole
or in part in the form of Restricted Shares or other Common Shares that are
subject to risk of forfeiture or restrictions on transfer. Unless otherwise
determined by the Board on or after the Date of Grant, whenever any Option Price
is paid in whole or in part by means of any of the forms of consideration
specified in this Section 4(d), the Common Shares received by the Optionee upon
the exercise of the Nonqualified Option shall be subject to the same risks of
forfeiture or restrictions on transfer as those that applied to the
consideration surrendered by the optionee; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that such risks of
forfeiture and restrictions on transfer shall apply only to the same number of
Common Shares received by the optionee as applied to the forfeitable or
restricted Common Shares surrendered by the Optionee.

          (e)  Any grant may provide for deferred payment of the Option Price
from the proceeds of sale through a broker on the date of exercise of some or
all of the Common Shares to which the exercise relates.

          (f)  Successive grants may be made to the same Participant regardless
of whether any Option Rights previously granted to the Participant remain
unexercised.

          (g)  Each grant may specify a period or periods of continuous
employment of the Optionee by the Corporation or any Subsidiary that are
necessary before the Option Rights or installments thereof shall become
exercisable, and any grant may provide for the earlier exercise of the Option
Rights in the event of a change in control of the Corporation or other similar
transaction or event.

          (h)  On or after the Date of Grant of any Nonqualified Option, the
Board may provide for the payment to the Optionee of dividend equivalents
thereon in cash or Common Shares on a current, deferred or contingent basis, or
the Board may provide that any dividend equivalents shall be credited against
the Option Price.

                                       3
<PAGE>

          (i)  No Option Right granted pursuant to this Section 4 may be
exercised more than 10 years from the Date of Grant.

          (j)  Each grant shall be evidenced by an agreement, which shall be
executed on behalf of the Corporation by an officer thereof and delivered to and
accepted by the Optionee and shall contain such terms and provisions as the
Board may determine consistent with this Plan.

     5.   RESTRICTED SHARES. The Board may also authorize grants or sales to
Participants of Restricted Shares upon such terms and conditions as the Board
may determine in accordance with the following provisions:

          (a)  Each grant or sale shall constitute an immediate transfer of the
ownership of Common Shares to the Participant in consideration of the
performance of services, entitling the Participant to dividend, voting and other
ownership rights, subject to the substantial risk of forfeiture and restrictions
on transfer hereinafter referred to.

          (b)  Each grant or sale may be made without additional consideration
from the Participant or in consideration of a payment by the Participant that is
less than, equal to or greater than the Market Value per Share on the Date of
Grant.

          (c)  Each grant or sale shall provide that the Restricted Shares
covered thereby shall be subject to a "substantial risk of forfeiture" within
the meaning of Section 83 of the Code for a period to be determined by the Board
on the Date of Grant, and any grant or sale may provide for the earlier
termination of such period in the event of a change in control of the
Corporation or other similar transaction or event.

          (d)  Each grant or sale shall provide that, during the period for
which such substantial risk of forfeiture is to continue, the transferability of
the Restricted Shares shall be prohibited or restricted in the manner and to the
extent prescribed by the Board on the Date of Grant. Such restrictions may
include, but are not limited to, rights of repurchase or first refusal in the
Corporation or provisions subjecting the Restricted Shares to a continuing
substantial risk of forfeiture in the hands of any transferee.

          (e)  Any grant or sale may require that any or all dividends or other
distributions paid on the Restricted Shares during the period of such
restrictions be automatically sequestered and reinvested on an immediate or
deferred basis in additional Common Shares, which may be subject to the same
restrictions as the underlying award or such other restrictions as the Board may
determine.

          (f)  Each grant or sale shall be evidenced by an agreement, which
shall be executed on behalf of the Corporation by any officer thereof and
delivered to and accepted by the Participant and shall contain such terms and
provisions as the Board may determine consistent with this Plan. Unless
otherwise directed by the Board, all certificates representing Restricted
Shares, together with a stock power that shall be endorsed in blank by the
Participant with respect to the Restricted Shares, shall be held in custody by
the Corporation until all restrictions thereon lapse.

                                       4
<PAGE>

     6.   DEFERRED SHARES. The Board may also authorize grants or sales to
Participants of Deferred Shares upon such terms and conditions as the Board may
determine in accordance with the following provisions:

          (a)  Each grant or sale shall constitute the agreement by the
Corporation to issue or transfer Common Shares to the Participant in the future
in consideration of the performance of services, subject to the fulfillment
during the Deferral Period of such conditions as the Board may specify.

          (b)  Each grant or sale may be made without additional consideration
from the Participant or in consideration of a payment by the Participant that is
less than, equal to or greater than the Market Value per Share on the Date of
Grant.

          (c)  Each grant or sale shall provide that the Deferred Shares covered
thereby shall be subject to a Deferral Period, which shall be fixed by the Board
on the Date of Grant, and any grant or sale may provide for the earlier
termination of the Deferral Period in the event of a change in control of the
Corporation or other similar transaction or event.

          (d)  During the Deferral Period, the Participant shall not have any
right to transfer any rights under the subject award, shall not have any rights
of ownership in the Deferred Shares and shall not have any right to vote the
Deferred Shares, but the Board may on or after the Date of Grant authorize the
payment of dividend equivalents on the Deferred Shares in cash or additional
Common Shares on a current, deferred or contingent basis.

          (e)  Each grant or sale shall be evidenced by an agreement, which
shall be executed on behalf of the Corporation by any officer thereof and
delivered to and accepted by the Participant and shall contain such terms and
provisions as the Board may determine consistent with this Plan.

     7.   TRANSFERABILITY.

          (a)  Any grant of an Option Right or other "derivative security" (as
defined in Rule 16a-1(c) under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act) under this
Plan may permit the transfer thereof by the Participant upon such terms and
conditions as the Board shall specify.

          (b)  Any grant made under this Plan may provide that all or any part
of the Common Shares that are to be issued or transferred by the Corporation
upon the exercise of Option Rights or upon the termination of the Deferral
Period applicable to Deferred Shares, or are no longer subject to the
substantial risk of forfeiture and restrictions on transfer referred to in
Section 5 of this Plan, shall be subject to further restrictions upon transfer.

     8.   ADJUSTMENTS. The Board may make or provide for such adjustments in the
number of Common Shares covered by outstanding Option Rights, Restricted Shares,
and Deferred Shares granted hereunder, the Option Prices per Common Share
applicable to any such Option Rights, and the kind of shares (including shares
of another issuer) covered thereby, as the Board may in good faith determine to
be equitably required in order to prevent dilution or expansion of the rights of
Participants that otherwise would result from (a) any stock dividend, stock
split, combination of shares, recapitalization or other change in the capital
structure of the

                                       5
<PAGE>

Corporation or (b) any merger, consolidation, spin-off, spin-out, split-off,
split-up, reorganization, partial or complete liquidation or other distribution
of assets, issuance of warrants or other rights to purchase securities or any
other corporate transaction or event having an effect similar to any of the
foregoing. In the event of any such transaction or event, the Board may provide
in substitution for any or all outstanding awards under this Plan such
alternative consideration as it may in good faith determine to be equitable
under the circumstances and may require in connection therewith the surrender of
all awards so replaced. Moreover, the Board may on or after the Date of Grant
provide in the agreement evidencing any award under this Plan that the holder of
the award may elect to receive an equivalent award in respect of securities of
the surviving entity of any merger, consolidation or other transaction or event
having a similar effect, or the Board may provide that the holder will
automatically be entitled to receive such an equivalent award. The Board may
also make or provide for such adjustments in the numbers of Common Shares
specified in Sections 3(a) and 3(b) of this Plan as the Board may in good faith
determine to be appropriate in order to reflect any transaction or event
described in this Section 8.

     9.   FRACTIONAL SHARES. The Corporation shall not be required to issue any
fractional Common Shares pursuant to this Plan. The Board may provide for the
elimination of fractions or for the settlement thereof in cash.

     10.  WITHHOLDING TAXES. To the extent that the Corporation is required to
withhold federal, state, local or foreign taxes in connection with any payment
made or benefit realized by a Participant or other person under this Plan, and
the amounts available to the Corporation from the Participant's award for the
withholding are insufficient, it shall be a condition to the receipt of any such
payment or the realization of any such benefit that the Participant or such
other person make arrangements satisfactory to the Corporation for payment of
the balance of any taxes required to be withheld. At the discretion of the
Board, any such arrangements may include relinquishment of a portion of any such
payment or benefit.

     11.  PARTICIPATION BY KEY EMPLOYEES OF OR CONSULTANTS TO A
LESS-THAN-80-PERCENT SUBSIDIARY. As a condition to the effectiveness of any
grant or award to be made hereunder to a Participant who is a key employee of or
a consultant to a Less-Than-80-Percent Subsidiary, regardless of whether the
Participant is also employed by the Corporation or another Subsidiary, the Board
may require the Less-Than-80-Percent Subsidiary to agree to transfer to the
Participant (as, if and when provided for under this Plan and any applicable
agreement entered into between the Participant and the Less-Than-80-Percent
Subsidiary pursuant to this Plan) the Common Shares that would otherwise be
delivered by the Corporation upon receipt by the Less-Than 80-Percent Subsidiary
of any consideration then otherwise payable by the Participant to the
Corporation. Any such award may be evidenced by an agreement between the
Participant and the Less-Than-80-Percent Subsidiary, in lieu of the Corporation,
on terms consistent with this Plan and approved by the Board and the
Less-Than-80-Percent Subsidiary. All Common Shares so delivered by or to a
Less-Than-80-Percent Subsidiary will be treated as if they had been delivered by
or to the Corporation for purposes of Section 3 of this Plan, and all references
to the Corporation in this Plan shall be deemed to refer to the
Less-Than-80-Percent Subsidiary except with respect to the definitions of the
Board and the Committee and in other cases where the context otherwise requires.

                                       6
<PAGE>

     12.  CERTAIN TERMINATIONS OF EMPLOYMENT, HARDSHIP AND APPROVED LEAVES OF
ABSENCE. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Plan to the contrary, in
the event of termination of employment by reason of death, disability, normal
retirement, early retirement with the consent of the Corporation, termination of
employment to enter public service with the consent of the Corporation or leave
of absence approved by the Corporation, or in the event of hardship or other
special circumstances, of a Participant who holds an Option Right that is not
immediately and fully exercisable, any Restricted Shares as to which the
substantial risk of forfeiture or the prohibition or restriction on transfer has
not lapsed, any Deferred Shares as to which the Deferral Period is not complete,
or any Common Shares that are subject to any transfer restriction pursuant to
Section 7(b) of this Plan, the Board may take any action that it deems to be
equitable under the circumstances or in the best interests of the Corporation,
including without limitation waiving or modifying any limitation or requirement
with respect to any award under this Plan.

     13.  FOREIGN PARTICIPANTS. In order to facilitate the making of any award
or combination of awards under this Plan, the Board may provide for such special
terms for awards to Participants who are foreign nationals, or who are employed
by the Corporation or any Subsidiary outside of the United States of America, as
the Board may consider necessary or appropriate to accommodate differences in
local law, tax policy or custom. Moreover, the Board may approve such
supplements to, or amendments, restatements or alternative versions of, this
Plan as it may consider necessary or appropriate for such purposes without
thereby affecting the terms of this Plan as in effect for any other purpose;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER that no such supplements, amendments, restatements or
alternative versions shall include any provisions that are inconsistent with the
terms of this Plan, as then in effect, unless this Plan could have been amended
to eliminate the inconsistency without further approval by the stockholders of
the Corporation.

     14.  ADMINISTRATION OF THE PLAN.

          (a)  This Plan shall be administered by the Board, which may delegate
any or all of its authority hereunder to the Committee. To the extent of any
such delegation, references in this Plan to the Board shall be deemed to refer
to the Committee, unless the context requires otherwise. A majority of the Board
shall constitute a quorum, and the acts of the members of the Board who are
present at any meeting thereof at which a quorum is present, or acts unanimously
approved by the members of the Board in writing, shall be the acts of the Board.

          (b)  The interpretation and construction by the Board of any provision
of this Plan or any agreement, notification or document evidencing the grant of
Option Rights, Restricted Shares, or Deferred Shares, and any determination by
the Board pursuant to any provision of this Plan or any such agreement,
notification or document, shall be final and conclusive. No member of the Board
shall be liable for any such action taken or determination made in good faith.

     15.  AMENDMENTS AND OTHER MATTERS.

          (a)  This Plan may be amended from time to time by the Board.

                                       7
<PAGE>

          (b)  With the concurrence of the affected Participant, the Board may
cancel any agreement evidencing Option Rights or any other award granted under
this Plan. In the event of any such cancellation, the Board may authorize the
granting of new Option Rights or other awards hereunder, which may or may not
cover the same number of Common Shares as had been covered by the cancelled
Option Rights or other award, at such Option Price, in such manner and subject
to such other terms, conditions and discretion as would have been permitted
under this Plan had the cancelled Option Rights or other award not been granted.

          (c)  The Board may grant under this Plan any award or combination of
awards authorized under this Plan, including but not limited to Replacement
Option Rights, in exchange for the surrender and cancellation of an award that
was not granted under this Plan, including but not limited to an award that was
granted by the Corporation or a Subsidiary, or by another corporation that is
acquired by the Corporation or a Subsidiary by merger or otherwise, prior to the
adoption of this Plan by the Board, and any such award or combination of awards
so granted under this Plan may or may not cover the same number of Common Shares
as had been covered by the cancelled award and shall be subject to such other
terms, conditions and discretion as would have been permitted under this Plan
had the cancelled award not been granted.

          (d)  This Plan shall not confer upon any Participant any right with
respect to continuance of employment with the Corporation or any Subsidiary and
shall not interfere in any way with any right that the Corporation or any
Subsidiary would otherwise have to terminate any Participant's employment at any
time.

                                       8EXHIBIT 4.1

                          WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

                                       AND

                                                   , as Trustee
                 ----------------------------------

                               -------------------

                                    INDENTURE

                         Dated as of
                                     -------------

                               -------------------

<PAGE>

                          WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

                    Reconciliation and Tie between Indenture
                                       and
                           Trust Indenture Act of 1939

        Trust Indenture                                       Indenture
    Act Section                                                Section
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

310    (a)(1)...........................................  11.5
       (a)(2)...........................................  11.5
       (a)(3)...........................................  Not applicable
       (a)(4)...........................................  Not applicable
       (b)..............................................  11.4, 11.5
311    (a)..............................................  11.9(a), (c)
       (b)..............................................  11.9(b), (c)
312    (a)..............................................  4.6(d), 11.1
       (b)..............................................  11.11
       (c)..............................................  11.11
313    (a)..............................................  11.10(a)
       (b)(i)...........................................  Not applicable
       (b)(2)...........................................  11.10(b)
       (c)..............................................  11.10(c)
       (d)..............................................  11.10(c)
314    (a)(1)...........................................  4.6(a)
       (a)(2)...........................................  4.6(b)
       (a)(3)...........................................  4.6(c)
       (b)..............................................  Not applicable
       (c)..............................................  3.8
       (d)..............................................  Not applicable
       (e)..............................................  3.8
315    (a)..............................................  11.1(a), (b)
       (b)..............................................  11.3
       (c)..............................................  11.1(a)
       (d)..............................................  11.1(a), 11.1(b), 13.3
       (e)..............................................  7.7
316    (a)(1)(A)........................................  7.6, 13.3
       (a)(1)(B)........................................  7.1, 7.5, 13.3
       (a)(2)...........................................  Not required
       (b)..............................................  7.7
317    (a)..............................................  7.2
       (b)..............................................  4.8
318    (a)..............................................  3.4

NOTE: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be
      part of the Indenture.

<PAGE>

                          WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
                                    INDENTURE

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S>                                                                                                              <C>
ARTICLE I        DEFINITIONS; TRUST INDENTURE ACT CONTROLLING....................................................1

         SECTION 1.1.          Definitions.......................................................................1

         SECTION 1.2.          Trust Indenture Act definitions controlling.......................................6

ARTICLE II       FORM, ISSUE AND REGISTRATION OF DEBT SECURITIES.................................................6

         SECTION 2.1.          Forms generally and dating........................................................6

         SECTION 2.2.          Amount unlimited; Issuable in series..............................................7

         SECTION 2.3.          Denominations....................................................................10

         SECTION 2.4.          Execution of Debt Securities; Authentication.....................................11

         SECTION 2.5.          Issue of Debt Securities.........................................................13

         SECTION 2.6.          Transfer of Debt Securities......................................................14

         SECTION 2.7.          Persons deemed owners of Debt Securities.........................................14

         SECTION 2.8.          Provisions for Debt Securities in temporary form.................................14

         SECTION 2.9.          Mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Securities.............................14

         SECTION 2.10.         Exchanges of Debt Securities.....................................................15

         SECTION 2.11.         Cancellation of surrendered Debt Securities......................................16

         SECTION 2.12.         Payment of interest; Defaulted interest..........................................16

         SECTION 2.13.         Global Securities; Depositary....................................................17

ARTICLE III      MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.......................................................................18

         SECTION 3.1.          Rights under Indenture limited to the parties and holders of Debt Securities.....18

         SECTION 3.2.          Certificate of independent accountants conclusive................................18

         SECTION 3.3.          Treatment of Debt Securities owned or held by the Company in determining
                               required percentages.............................................................18

         SECTION 3.4.          Remaining provisions not affected by invalidity of any other provisions -
                               required provisions of Trust Indenture Act of 1939 to control....................19

         SECTION 3.5.          Company released from Indenture requirements if entitled to have Indenture
                               cancelled........................................................................19

         SECTION 3.6.          Date of execution................................................................19

         SECTION 3.7.          Execution of documents furnished under the Indenture.............................19

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                   (CONTINUED)

                                                                                                               PAGE
                                                                                                               ----

         SECTION 3.8.          Officers' Certificate and Opinions of Counsel to be furnished to  Trustee........20

         SECTION 3.9.          Presentation of notices and demands..............................................20

         SECTION 3.10.         Successors and assigns bound by Indenture........................................21

         SECTION 3.11.         Descriptive headings for convenience only........................................21

         SECTION 3.12.         New York law to govern...........................................................21

         SECTION 3.13.         Indenture may be executed in counterparts........................................21

ARTICLE IV       COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY.......................................................................21

         SECTION 4.1.          Payment of Principal and interest................................................21

         SECTION 4.2.          Maintenance of office or agency..................................................22

         SECTION 4.3.          Corporate existence..............................................................22

         SECTION 4.4.          Restrictions on mergers, sales and consolidations................................22

         SECTION 4.5.          Further assurances...............................................................22

         SECTION 4.6.          File certain reports and information with the Trustee and the Securities and
                               Exchange Commission - transmit to holders of Debt Securities summaries of
                               certain documents filed with the Trustee - furnish list of holders of Debt
                               Securities to the Trustee........................................................23

         SECTION 4.7.          File statement by officers annually with the Trustee.............................24

         SECTION 4.8.          Duties of Paying Agent...........................................................24

ARTICLE V        REDEMPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES; SINKING FUND....................................................25

         SECTION 5.1.          Applicability of Article.........................................................25

         SECTION 5.2.          Notice of redemption to be given to Trustee - deposit of cash (or other form
                               of payment) with Trustee - selection by Trustee of Debt Securities to be
                               redeemed.........................................................................25

         SECTION 5.3.          Debt Securities called for redemption to become due - rights of holders of
                               redeemed Debt Securities - return of funds on conversion.........................26

         SECTION 5.4.          Credits against sinking fund.....................................................27

         SECTION 5.5.          Redemption through sinking fund..................................................27

         SECTION 5.6.          Debt Securities no longer Outstanding after notice to Trustee and deposit of
                               cash.............................................................................28

         SECTION 5.7.          Conversion arrangement on call for redemption....................................29

                                      -ii-

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                   (CONTINUED)

                                                                                                               PAGE
                                                                                                               ----

ARTICLE VI       SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE........................................................30

         SECTION 6.1.          Satisfaction and discharge of Indenture with respect to Debt Securities
                               of any series....................................................................30

         SECTION 6.2.          Deposits for payment or redemption of Debt Securities to be held in trust........31

         SECTION 6.3.          Repayment of moneys..............................................................31

ARTICLE VII      REMEDIES UPON DEFAULT..........................................................................31

         SECTION 7.1.          Events of Default defined-- acceleration of maturity upon default--waiver
                               of default after acceleration....................................................32

         SECTION 7.2.          Covenant of Company to pay to Trustee whole amount due on default in payment
                               of Principal or interest - Trustee may recover judgment for whole amount due -
                               application of moneys received by the Trustee....................................33

         SECTION 7.3.          Trustee may enforce rights of action without possession of Debt Securities.......36

         SECTION 7.4.          Delays or omissions not to impair any rights or powers accruing upon default.....36

         SECTION 7.5.          In Event of Default Trustee may protect and enforce its rights by appropriate
                               proceedings - holders of majority in aggregate Principal amount of Debt
                               Securities of a series may waive default.........................................36

         SECTION 7.6.          Holders of majority in aggregate principal amount of Debt Securities of any
                               series may direct exercise of remedies...........................................37

         SECTION 7.7.          Limitation on suits by holders of Debt Securities................................37

         SECTION 7.8.          No Debt Securities owned or held by, for the account of or for the
                               benefit of the Company to be deemed Outstanding for purpose of payment
                               or distribution..................................................................38

         SECTION 7.9.          Company and Trustee restored to former position on discontinuance or
                               abandonment of proceedings.......................................................38

ARTICLE VIII     EVIDENCE OF ACTION BY HOLDERS OF DEBT SECURITIES...............................................38

         SECTION 8.1.          Evidence of action by holders of Debt Securities.................................38

ARTICLE IX       IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS................................39

         SECTION 9.1.          Immunity of incorporators, stockholders, officers, directors and employees.......39

                                     -iii-

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                   (CONTINUED)

                                                                                                               PAGE
                                                                                                               ----

ARTICLE X        MERGER, CONSOLIDATION, SALE OR LEASE...........................................................40

         SECTION 10.1.         Documents required to be filed with the Trustee upon consolidation, merger,
                               sale, transfer or lease - execution of supplemental indentures - acts of
                               successor corporation............................................................40

         SECTION 10.2.         Trustee may rely upon Opinion of Counsel.........................................41

ARTICLE XI       CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE.........................................................................41

         SECTION 11.1.         Acceptance of Trust - responsibilities of Trustee................................41

         SECTION 11.2.         Trustee to be entitled to compensation - Trustee not to be accountable for
                               application of proceeds - moneys held by Trustee to be trust funds...............44

         SECTION 11.3.         Trustee to give holders of Debt Securities notice of default.....................45

         SECTION 11.4.         Trustee acquiring conflicting interest must eliminate it or resign...............46

         SECTION 11.5.         Eligibility of Trustee...........................................................46

         SECTION 11.6.         Resignation or removal of Trustee................................................46

         SECTION 11.7.         Acceptance by successor Trustee..................................................47

         SECTION 11.8.         Successor to Trustee by merger or consolidation, etc.............................48

         SECTION 11.9.         Limitations on right of Trustee as a creditor to obtain payment of certain
                               claims...........................................................................49

         SECTION 11.10.        Trustee to make annual report to holders of Debt Securities - Trustee to make
                               other reports to holders of Debt Securities - holders of Debt Securities to
                               whom reports to be transmitted...................................................49

         SECTION 11.11.        Preservation of information by Trustee - Trustee to give certain information to
                               holders of Debt Securities upon application......................................50

         SECTION 11.12.        Trustee may hold Debt Securities and otherwise deal with Company.................51

         SECTION 11.13.        Trustee may comply with any rule, regulation or order of the Securities and
                               Exchange Commission..............................................................51

         SECTION 11.14.        Appointment of Authenticating Agent..............................................51

ARTICLE XII      SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES........................................................................53

         SECTION 12.1.         Company and Trustee may enter into supplemental indenture for special purposes...53

         SECTION 12.2.         Modification of Indenture with consent of holders of Debt Securities.............55

                                      -iv-

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                   (CONTINUED)

                                                                                                               PAGE
                                                                                                               ----

         SECTION 12.3.         Effect of supplemental indentures................................................56

         SECTION 12.4.         Supplemental indentures to conform to Trust Indenture Act........................56

         SECTION 12.5.         Notation on or exchange of Debt Securities.......................................56

ARTICLE XIII     CONVERSION OF DEBT SECURITIES..................................................................56

         SECTION 13.1.         Applicability of Article.........................................................56

         SECTION 13.2.         Right of holders of Debt Securities to convert Debt Securities...................56

         SECTION 13.3.         Issuance of shares of Capital Stock on conversion................................57

         SECTION 13.4.         No payment or adjustment for interest or dividends...............................58

         SECTION 13.5.         Adjustment of conversion rate....................................................58

         SECTION 13.6.         No fractional shares to be issued................................................62

         SECTION 13.7.         Preservation of conversion rights upon consolidation, merger, sale or
                               conveyance.......................................................................62

         SECTION 13.8.         Notice to holders of Debt Securities of a series prior to taking certain types
                               of action........................................................................63

         SECTION 13.9.         Covenant to reserve shares for issuance on conversion of Debt Securities.........64

         SECTION 13.10.        Compliance with governmental requirements........................................64

         SECTION 13.11.        Payment of taxes upon certificates for shares issued upon conversion.............64

         SECTION 13.12.        Trustee's duties with respect to conversion provisions...........................64

</TABLE>

                                      -v-

<PAGE>

         INDENTURE dated as of the ____ day of _________, ____, among WESTELL
TECHNOLOGIES, INC., a Delaware corporation (hereinafter called the "COMPANY")
and _______________________, a ___________ banking corporation with its
principal offices in ___________, ___________, as Trustee hereunder (hereinafter
called the "TRUSTEE");

         WHEREAS, the Company for its lawful corporate purposes has duly
authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the
issuance from time to time of its debentures, notes or other evidences of
indebtedness (hereinafter called the "DEBT SECURITIES"), to be issued in one or
more series as herein provided; and

         NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

         THAT, in consideration of the premises and of the mutual covenants
herein contained and of the purchase and acceptance of the Debt Securities by
the holders thereof, and for other valuable consideration the receipt whereof is
hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound hereby, it is hereby
agreed between the Company and the Trustee, for the benefit of those who shall
hold the Debt Securities, as follows:

                                   ARTICLE I

                  DEFINITIONS; TRUST INDENTURE ACT CONTROLLING

         SECTION 1.1. Definitions. Unless otherwise specified or the context
otherwise requires, the terms defined in this Article I shall for all purposes
of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto have the meanings
herein specified, the following definitions to be equally applicable to both the
singular and plural forms of any of the terms herein defined. All accounting
terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of
America, and the words "HEREIN", "HEREOF" and "HEREUNDER" and other words of
similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular
Article, Section or other subdivision.

Affiliate

         An "AFFILIATE" shall mean any person directly or indirectly controlling
or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or
any other obligor under this Indenture.

Authenticating Agent

         The term "AUTHENTICATING AGENT" means any Person authorized by the
Trustee pursuant to Section 11.14 to act on behalf of the Trustee to
authenticate Debt Securities of one or more series.

Authorized Newspaper

         The term "AUTHORIZED NEWSPAPER" shall mean a newspaper in the English
language or in an official language of the country of publication, customarily
printed on each Business Day, whether or not published on Saturdays, Sundays or
holidays, and of general circulation in the place in connection with which the
term is used or in the financial community of such place. If, because of
temporary suspension of publication or general circulation of any newspaper or
for

<PAGE>

any other reason, it is impossible or, in the opinion of the Trustee,
impracticable to make any publication of any notice required by this Indenture
in the manner herein provided, such publication or other notice in lieu thereof
which is made at the written direction of the Company by the Trustee shall
constitute a sufficient publication of such notice. Where successive
publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive
publications may be made in the same or in different newspapers in the same
place meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any Business Day.
Bankruptcy Law

         The term "BANKRUPTCY LAW" means Title 11 of the United States Code, as
now constituted or hereafter in effect, or any other applicable Federal or State
bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law.

Board; Board of Directors

         The term "BOARD" or "BOARD OF DIRECTORS" shall mean the Board of
Directors of the Company or (i) the Executive Committee, if any, of such Board,
(ii) any other committee of such Board duly authorized to act hereunder, or
(iii) any officers of the Company duly authorized by such Board or by any duly
authorized committee of such Board to act hereunder.

Business Day

         The term "BUSINESS DAY" shall mean, with respect to any series of Debt
Securities, a day that, in the city (or in any of the cities, if more than one)
in which amounts are payable, as specified in the terms of such Debt Securities,
is not a day upon which banking institutions are authorized or required by law,
or by executive order issued by a governmental authority or agency regulating
such banking institutions, to close.

Capital Stock

         The term "CAPITAL STOCK" shall mean stock of any class of the Company.
Certified Resolution

         The term "CERTIFIED RESOLUTION" shall mean a copy of a resolution
certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been
duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the
date of such certification.

Closing Price

         The term "CLOSING PRICE" on any day when used with respect to any class
of Capital Stock shall mean (i) if the stock is then listed or admitted to
trading on a national securities exchange in the United States, the last
reported sale price, regular way, for the stock as reported in the consolidated
transaction or other reporting system for securities listed or traded on such
exchange, or (ii) if the stock is listed on the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotations System National Market System (the
"NASDAQ NATIONAL MARKET SYSTEM"), the last reported sale price, regular way, for
the stock, as reported on such list, or (iii)

                                      -2-

<PAGE>

if the stock is not so admitted for trading on any national securities exchange
or the Nasdaq National Market System, the average of the last reported closing
bid and asked prices reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers,
Inc. Automated Quotations System as furnished by any member in good standing of
the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., selected from time to time
by the Company for that purpose or as quoted by the National Quotation Bureau
Incorporated. In the event that no such quotation is available for any day, the
Board of Directors shall be entitled to determine the current market price on
the basis of such quotations as it considers appropriate.

Code

         The term "THE CODE" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended.

Common Stock

         The term "COMMON STOCK" shall mean the Common Stock, par value $.01 per
share, of the Company.

Company

         The term "COMPANY" shall mean Westell Technologies, Inc., a Delaware
corporation, and, subject to the provisions of Article X, shall include its
successors and assigns.

Company Order

         The term "COMPANY ORDER" means a written order signed in the name of
the Company by its Chairman of the Board, President or any Vice President
(regardless of Vice Presidential designation), and by its Chief Financial
Officer, Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, Secretary or any Assistant
Secretary and delivered to the Trustee.

Debt Security

         The term "DEBT SECURITY" shall mean one of the debentures, notes or
other evidences of indebtedness that are issued from time to time in one or more
series under this Indenture and, more particularly, any series of Debt
Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.
holder of Debt Securities

         The term "HOLDER OF DEBT SECURITIES" or other similar term shall mean
any person who shall at the time be the registered holder of any Debt Security
or Debt Securities as shown by the register or registers kept by the Company or
its agent for that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.
Depositary

         The term "DEPOSITARY" has the meaning specified in Section 2.13.

                                      -3-

<PAGE>

Event of Default

         The term "EVENT OF DEFAULT" shall mean an event listed in Section 7.1,
continued for the period of time, if any, and after the required notices, if
any, therein designated.

Global Security

         The term "GLOBAL SECURITY" has the meaning specified in Section 2.13.
Indenture

         The term "INDENTURE" shall mean this instrument as originally executed
or, if amended or supplemented as herein provided, as so amended or supplemented
and, unless the context otherwise indicates, shall include the form and terms of
each particular series of Debt Securities established as contemplated hereunder.
Officers' Certificate

         The term "OFFICERS' CERTIFICATE" shall mean a certificate signed by the
Chairman of the Board, President or any Vice President (regardless of Vice
Presidential designation), and by its Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, any
Assistant Treasurer, Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Company, in
their capacities as such officers of the Company and delivered to the Trustee.
Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 3.8,
if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.

Opinion of Counsel

         The term "OPINION OF COUNSEL" shall mean an opinion in writing signed
by legal counsel (who may be an employee of the Company) acceptable in form and
substance to the Trustee and delivered to the Trustee. Such opinion shall
include the statements provided for in Section 3.8, if and to the extent
required by the provisions thereof.

Original Issue Discount

         The term "ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT" with respect to any debt security,
including an Original Issue Discount Security, has the same meaning as set forth
in Section 1273 of the Code, or any successor provision, and the applicable
Treasury Regulations thereunder.

Original Issue Discount Security

         The term "ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT SECURITY" means any series of a Debt
Security, including a series of a Debt Security that does not provide for the
payment of interest prior to maturity, which is issued at a price lower than the
principal amount thereof and which provides that upon redemption or acceleration
of the stated maturity thereof an amount less than the principal amount thereof
to be due and payable pursuant to Section 7.1.

                                      -4-

<PAGE>

Outstanding

         The term "OUTSTANDING," when used with respect to the Debt Securities,
shall, subject to Section 3.3, mean, as of the date of determination, all Debt
Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except:
(a) Debt Securities for the payment or redemption of which cash (or other form
of payment if permitted by the terms of such Debt Securities) in the necessary
amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or any paying agent
(other than the Company) provided that, if such Debt Securities are to be
redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have
been duly given or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made
for giving such notice; (b) Debt Securities converted into Capital Stock in
accordance with Article XIII hereof, if the terms of such Debt Securities
provide for convertibility pursuant to Section 2.2; (c) Debt Securities paid or
in lieu of or in substitution for which other Debt Securities shall have been
authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.9, unless proof
satisfactory to the Trustee is presented that any such Debt Securities are held
by persons in whose hands such Debt Securities are valid, binding and legal
obligations; and (d) Debt Securities which have been cancelled by the Trustee or
delivered to the Trustee or its designee for cancellation.

Paying Agent

         The term "PAYING AGENT" shall mean any person authorized by the Company
to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on any Debt Securities.
Person

         The term "PERSON" shall mean an individual, a corporation, a limited
liability company, a partnership, an association, a joint-stock company, a
trust, any unincorporated organization, or a government or political subdivision
thereof.

Preferred Stock

         The term "PREFERRED STOCK" shall mean the Preferred Stock of the
Company.

Principal

         The term "PRINCIPAL" of a debt security, including any series of Debt
Securities, on any day and for any purpose means the amount (including, without
limitation, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, any accrued
original issue discount, but excluding interest) that is payable with respect to
such debt security as of such date and for such purpose (including, without
limitation, in connection with any sinking fund, upon any redemption at the
option of the Company upon any purchase or exchange at the option of the Company
or the holder of such debt security and upon any acceleration of the maturity of
such debt security).

Principal amount

         The term "PRINCIPAL AMOUNT" of a debt security, including any series of
Debt Securities, means the principal amount as set forth on the face of such
debt security.

                                      -5-

<PAGE>

Responsible Officer

         The term "RESPONSIBLE OFFICER", when used with respect to the Trustee,
shall mean any officer of the Trustee assigned by the Trustee to administer its
corporate trust matters.

Securities Exchange Act

         The term "SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT" shall mean the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended.

Significant Subsidiary

         The term "SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARY" shall mean any subsidiary (i) whose
revenues exceed 10% of the total revenues of the Company, in each case for the
most recent fiscal year, or (ii) whose net worth exceeds 10% of the total
stockholders' equity of the Company, in each case as of the end of the most
recent fiscal years.

Trustee; corporate principal office

         The term "TRUSTEE" shall mean the trustee or trustees hereunder for the
time being, whether original or successor. "TRUSTEE" as used with respect to the
Debt Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Debt
Securities of such series. The term "PRINCIPAL OFFICE" of the Trustee shall mean
the principal office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, the
corporate trust business of the Trustee shall be administered, which office as
of the date hereof is at ______________________________________________________.
U.S. Government Obligations

         The term "U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS" means direct obligations of, or
obligations entitled to the full faith and credit of, the United States of
America.

         SECTION 1.2. Trust Indenture Act definitions controlling. All terms
used in this Indenture which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended, or which are by reference therein defined in the Securities Act of 1933
(except as herein otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise
requires) shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in such Trust Indenture
Act and such Securities Act as they were respectively in force at the date of
this Indenture, except as otherwise provided in Section 12.3.

                                   ARTICLE II

                 FORM, ISSUE AND REGISTRATION OF DEBT SECURITIES

         SECTION 2.1. Forms generally and dating. The Debt Securities of each
series shall be in the form or forms (including temporary or permanent global
form) established from time to time by or pursuant to a resolution of the Board
of Directors or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, which shall set
forth the information required by Section 2.2. The Debt Securities and the
Trustee's certificate of authentication shall have such appropriate insertions,
omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by
this Indenture or by

                                      -6-

<PAGE>

a resolution of the Board of Directors and may have such notations, legends or
endorsements as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent
with the provisions of this Indenture or as may be required by law, stock
exchange rule or usage. The Company shall approve and provide the form of the
Debt Securities and any notation, legend or endorsement thereon. If the form of
Debt Securities of any series is established by action taken pursuant to a
resolution of the Board of Directors, a copy of an appropriate record of such
action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the
Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company
Order contemplated by Section 2.5 for the authentication and delivery of such
Debt Securities.

         Each Debt Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. The
form of the Trustee's certificate of authentication to be borne by the Debt
Securities shall be substantially as follows:

                         [FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE]

         This is one of the Debt Securities of the series referred to on the
reverse hereof.

                      -----------------------------------,
                      as Trustee

                      By:
                         --------------------------------
                                       Authorized Officer

         SECTION 2.2. Amount unlimited; Issuable in series.

         The aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities which may be
authenticated and delivered under this indenture is unlimited.

         The Debt Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be
established in or pursuant to one or more resolutions of the Board of Directors,
or established in or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto,
prior to the issuance of the Debt Securities of any series:

                  (1) the title and designation of the Debt Securities of the
         series (which shall distinguish Debt Securities of the series from all
         other Debt Securities) including whether such Debt Securities shall be
         issued as senior Debt Securities, senior subordinated Debt Securities
         or subordinated Debt Securities, any subordination provisions
         particular to such series of Debt Securities, and whether such Debt
         Securities are convertible and/or exchangeable;

                  (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Debt
         Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under
         this Indenture (except for the Debt Securities authenticated and
         delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in
         lieu of, other Debt Securities of the series pursuant to Section 2.6,
         2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 5.2 or 12.5) and except for any Debt

                                      -7-

<PAGE>

         Securities which pursuant to Section 2.4 are deemed not to have been
         authenticated and delivered hereunder;

                  (3) the date or dates (and whether fixed or extendable) on
         which the principal of the Debt Securities of the series is payable or
         the method of determination thereof;

                  (4) the rate or rates (which may be fixed, floating or
         adjustable) at which the Debt Securities of the series shall bear
         interest, if any, the method of calculating such rates, the date or
         dates from which such interest shall accrue or the manner of
         determining such dates, the interest payment dates on which such
         interest shall be payable and the record dates for the determination of
         holders of Debt Securities to whom interest is payable;

                  (5) the place or places where the principal of and premium, if
         any, and interest on the Debt Securities, if any, of the series shall
         be payable;

                  (6) any provisions relating to the issuance of the Debt
         Securities of such series at an original issue discount;

                  (7) the price or prices at which, the period or periods within
         which and the terms and conditions upon which the Debt Securities of
         the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the
         Company, pursuant to any sinking fund or otherwise (including, without
         limitation, the form or method of payment thereof if other than in
         cash);

                  (8) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, purchase
         or repay the Debt Securities of the series pursuant to any mandatory
         redemption, sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a
         holder of Debt Securities thereof and the price or prices at which and
         the period or periods within which and the terms and conditions upon
         which the Debt Securities of the series shall be redeemed, purchased or
         repaid, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation (including,
         without limitation, the form or method of payment thereof if other than
         in cash), and any provisions for the remarketing of such Debt
         Securities;

                  (9) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral
         multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Debt Securities of the
         series shall be issuable;

                  (10) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion
         of the principal amount of the Debt Securities of the series which
         shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity
         thereof pursuant to Section 7.1 or provable in bankruptcy pursuant to
         Section 7.2, or, if applicable, which is convertible in accordance with
         Article XIII.

                                      -8-

<PAGE>

                  (11) any Events of Default with respect to the Debt Securities
         of a particular series, in lieu of or in addition to those set forth
         herein and the remedies therefor;

                  (12) the obligations, if any, of the Company to permit the
         conversion of the Debt Securities of such series into Preferred Stock
         or Common Stock, or combination thereof, and the terms and conditions
         upon which such conversion shall be effected (including, without
         limitation, the initial conversion price or rate, the conversion period
         and any other provision in addition to or in lieu of those set forth in
         this Indenture relative to such obligation);

                  (13) any trustees, authenticating or paying agents, transfer
         agents or registrars or any other agents with respect to the Debt
         Securities of such series;

                  (14) the currency or currencies, including composite
         currencies, in which the Debt Securities of the series shall be
         denominated if other than the currency of the United States of America,
         and, if so, whether the Debt Securities of the series may be satisfied
         and discharged other than as provided in Article VI;

                  (15) if other than the coin or currency in which the Debt
         Securities of that series are denominated, the coin or currency in
         which payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the
         Debt Securities of such series shall be payable (and the manner in
         which the equivalent of the principal amount thereof in the currency of
         the United States is to be determined for any purpose, including for
         the determination of the principal amount outstanding);

                  (16) if the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the
         Debt Securities of such series are to be payable, at the election of
         the Company or a holder of Debt Securities thereof, in a coin or
         currency other than that in which the Debt Securities are denominated,
         the period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon
         which, such election may be made;

                  (17) if the amount of payments of principal of, premium, if
         any, and interest on the Debt Securities of the series may be
         determined with reference to an index, the manner in which such amounts
         shall be determined;

                  (18) whether and under what circumstances the Company will pay
         additional amounts on the Debt Securities of the series held by a
         person who is not a United States of America person in respect of any
         tax, assessment or governmental charge withheld or deducted and, if so,
         whether the Company will have the option to redeem such Debt Securities
         rather than pay such additional amounts;

                  (19) if receipt of certain certificates or other documents or
         satisfaction of other conditions will be necessary for any purpose,
         including, without limitation, as a condition to the issuance of the
         Debt Securities of such series in definitive

                                      -9-

<PAGE>

         form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary Debt
         Security of such series), the form and terms of such certificates,
         documents or conditions;

                  (20) any other affirmative or negative covenants with respect
         to the Debt Securities of such series;

                  (21) whether the Debt Securities of such series shall be
         issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities
         and in such case, (i) the Depositary for such Global Security or Debt
         Securities, which Depositary must be a clearing agency registered under
         the Securities Exchange Act, (ii) the circumstances under which any
         such Global Security may be exchanged for Debt Securities registered in
         the name of, and under which any transfer of such Global Security may
         be registered in the name of, any Person other than such Depositary or
         its nominee, if other than as set forth in Section 2.13 and (iii) any
         other provisions regarding such Global Securities which provisions may
         be in addition to or in lieu of, in whole or in part, the provisions of
         Section 2.13;

                  (22)  whether the Debt Securities are defeasible;

                  (23) any other terms of a particular series and any other
         provisions expressing or referring to the terms and conditions upon
         which the Debt Securities of such series are to be issued under the
         Indenture, which terms and provisions are not in conflict with the
         provisions of this Indenture; provided, however, that the addition to
         or subtraction from or variation of Articles IV, V, VI, VII, and X (and
         Section 1.1, insofar as it relates to the definition of certain terms
         as used in such Articles) with regard to the Debt Securities of a
         particular series shall not be deemed to constitute a conflict with the
         provisions of those Articles.

         All Debt Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical
except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant
to such resolution of the Board of Directors or in any such indenture
supplemental hereto. Not all Debt Securities of any one series need be issued at
the same time, and, unless otherwise so provided, a series may be reopened for
issuances of additional Debt Securities of such series.

         If any of the terms of the Debt Securities of a series are established
by action taken pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, a copy of an
appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee with an
Officers' Certificate setting forth the terms of the Debt Securities of such
series. With respect to Debt Securities of a series which are not to be issued
at one time, such resolution of the Board of Directors or action may provide
general terms or parameters for Debt Securities of such series and provide
either that the specific terms of particular Debt Securities of such series
shall be specified in a Company Order or that such terms shall be determined by
the Company or its agents in accordance with a Company Order as contemplated by
the proviso clause of Section 2.5.

         SECTION 2.3. Denominations. The Debt Securities of each series shall be
registered Debt Securities without coupons, in such denominations as shall be
specified as contemplated by

                                      -10-

<PAGE>

Section 2.2. In the absence of any such provisions with respect to the Debt
Securities of any series, the Debt Securities of such series shall be issuable
in denominations of $1,000 or of any integral multiple of $1,000.

         SECTION 2.4. Execution of Debt Securities; Authentication. The Debt
Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its President, its
Treasurer or one of its Executive Vice Presidents or Vice Presidents, whose
signatures may be manual or facsimile, and attested by the manual or facsimile
signature of its Secretary or one of its Assistant Secretaries. In case any
officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Debt Securities shall
cease to be such officer before the Debt Securities so signed and attested shall
actually have been authenticated and delivered by the Trustee or the
Authenticating Agent or disposed of by the Company, such Debt Securities
nevertheless may be authenticated, issued and delivered or disposed of with the
same force and effect as though the person or persons who signed or attested
such Debt Securities had not ceased to be such officer of the Company; and any
such Debt Security may be signed and attested on behalf of the Company by such
persons, as at the actual date of the execution of such Debt Security, shall be
the proper officers of the Company, although at the date of such Debt Security
or the date of execution of this Indenture any such person was not such officer.

         No Debt Security of any series shall be entitled to the benefits hereof
or shall be or become valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there shall
appear on the Debt Security a certificate of authentication, substantially in
the form hereinbefore recited, manually executed by the Trustee for such series
or an Authenticating Agent; and such certificate on any series of Debt
Securities issued by the Company shall be conclusive evidence that it has been
duly authenticated and delivered hereunder.

         Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any series of Debt Securities shall
have been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold
by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Debt Security to the Trustee
or its designee for cancellation as provided in Section 2.11 together with a
written statement (which need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel)
stating that such Debt Security has not been issued and sold by the Company, for
all purposes of this Indenture such Debt Security shall be deemed not to have
been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall not be entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.

         If the form or forms or terms of the Debt Securities of any series have
been established in or pursuant to one or more resolutions of the Board of
Directors or indentures supplemental hereto as permitted by Sections 2.1 and
2.2, in authenticating such Debt Securities, and accepting the additional
responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Debt Securities, the
Trustee and the Authenticating Agent shall be entitled to receive, and (subject
to Section 11.2) shall be fully protected in relying upon, a copy of such
resolution or resolutions delivered to the Trustee and the Authenticating Agent
and certified by the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company to have
been duly adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company and to be in full
force and effect on the date of such certification, and an Opinion of Counsel
stating:

                  (1) if the form or forms of such Debt Securities have been
         established by or pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors or
         indenture supplemental

                                      -11-

<PAGE>

         hereto, that such form or forms have been established in conformity
         with the provisions of this Indenture;

                  (2) if the terms of such Debt Securities have been established
         by or pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors or indenture
         supplemental hereto, that such terms have been established in
         conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

                  (3) that such Debt Securities, when authenticated and
         delivered by the Trustee or an Authenticating Agent and issued by the
         Company and the Guarantors in the manner and subject to any conditions
         specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and legally
         binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with
         their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance,
         reorganization and other laws of general applicability relating to or
         affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights and to general equity
         principles (or such other similar matters as in the opinion of such
         counsel shall not materially adversely affect such enforceability); and

                  (4) that the issuance and authentication of such Debt
         Securities to be issued will not conflict with, result in a breach or
         constitute a default or with the giving of notice or the passage of
         time or both, would not constitute a default, under the articles of
         incorporation or bylaws of the Company or result in such a default or
         violation;

provided, however, that, with respect to Debt Securities of a series which are
not to be issued at one time, the Trustee and the Authenticating Agent shall be
entitled to receive such Opinion of Counsel only once at or prior to the time of
the first authentication of Debt Securities of such series and that the opinions
described in clauses (2) and (3) above may state, respectively,

                  (a) that, when the terms of such Debt Securities shall have
         been established pursuant to a Company Order or pursuant to such
         procedures as may be specified from time to time by a Company Order,
         all as contemplated by and in accordance with a resolution of the Board
         of Directors or an Officers' Certificate pursuant to a resolution of
         the Board of Directors or indenture supplemental hereto, as the case
         may be, such terms will have been established in conformity with the
         provisions of this Indenture; and

                  (b) that such Debt Securities, when (i) executed by the
         Company, (ii) completed, authenticated and delivered by the Trustee or
         Authenticating Agent in accordance with this Indenture, (iii) issued
         and delivered by the Company, and (iv) paid for, all as contemplated by
         and in accordance with the aforesaid Company Order or specified
         procedures, as the case may be, will constitute valid and legally
         binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with
         their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance,
         reorganization and other laws or general applicability relating to or
         affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights and to general equitable
         principles (or such other similar matters as in the opinion of such
         counsel shall not materially adversely affect such enforceability).

                                      -12-

<PAGE>

         Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 2.1, 2.2, 3.8 and this
Section, if all the Debt Securities of a series are not to be originally issued
at one time, the resolution of the Board of Directors or indenture supplemental
hereto, the certified copy of the record of action taken pursuant to such
resolution or supplemental indenture, the Officers' Certificate, the Company
Order and any other documents otherwise required pursuant to such Sections need
not be delivered at or prior to the time of authentication of each Debt Security
of such series if such documents are delivered at or prior to the authentication
upon original issuance of the first Debt Security of such series to be issued;
provided, however, that any subsequent request by the Company to the Trustee or
the Authenticating Agent to authenticate Debt Securities of such series shall
constitute a representation and warranty by the Company that, as of the date of
such request, the statements made in the Officers' Certificate delivered
pursuant to Section 3.8 at or prior to authentication of the first such Debt
Security shall be true and correct on the date thereof as if made on and as of
the date thereof.

         The Trustee or the Authenticating Agent shall not be required to
authenticate such Debt Securities if the issue of such Debt Securities pursuant
to this Indenture will adversely affect the Trustee's or the Authenticating
Agent's own rights, duties or immunities under the Debt Securities and this
Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the
Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

         With respect to Debt Securities of a series which are not all issued at
one time, the Trustee and the Authenticating Agent may conclusively rely, as to
the authorization by the Company of any such Debt Securities, the form and terms
thereof and the legality, validity, binding effect and enforceability thereof,
upon the Opinion of Counsel, Officers' Certificate and other documents delivered
pursuant to Sections 2.1, 2.2, 3.8 and this Section, as applicable, at or prior
to the time of the first authentication of Debt Securities of such series unless
and until such opinion, certificate or other documents have been superseded or
revoked in a writing delivered to the Trustee. In connection with the
authentication and delivery of Debt Securities of a series which are not all
issued at one time, the Trustee and the Authenticating Agent shall be entitled
to assume that the Company's instructions to authenticate and deliver such Debt
Securities do not violate any rules, regulations or orders of any governmental
agency or commission having jurisdiction over the Company.

         SECTION 2.5. Issue of Debt Securities. The Trustee and the
Authenticating Agent, forthwith upon the execution and delivery of this
Indenture and from time to time thereafter, upon the execution and delivery to
it of Debt Securities of any series by the Company as herein provided, and
without any further action on the part of the Company, shall authenticate such
Debt Securities up to a maximum amount, if any, designated for such series
pursuant to Section 2.2 and deliver them to or upon the receipt of a Company
Order; provided, however, that if not all the Debt Securities of a series are to
be issued at one time and if the resolution of the Board of Directors or
indenture supplemental hereto establishing such series as contemplated by
Sections 2.1 and 2.2 shall so permit, such Company Order may set forth
procedures acceptable to the Trustee for the issuance of such Debt Securities
and for determining the form or forms or terms of particular Debt Securities of
such series including, but not limited to, interest rate, if any, maturity date,
date of issuance and date from which interest, if any, shall accrue.

                                      -13-

<PAGE>

         SECTION 2.6. Transfer of Debt Securities. The transfer of any series of
Debt Securities may be registered by the registered owner thereof, in person or
by his attorney duly authorized in writing, at the office or agency of the
Company to be maintained by it as provided in Section 4.2, by delivering such
Debt Security for cancellation, accompanied by delivery of a duly executed
instrument of transfer, in form approved by the Company and satisfactory to the
Trustee or its designee, and thereupon the Company shall execute in the name of
the transferee or transferees, and the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent shall
authenticate and deliver, a new Debt Security or Debt Securities of the same
series and of like form for the same aggregate principal amount.

         SECTION 2.7. Persons deemed owners of Debt Securities. Prior to due
presentation of any series of Debt Securities for registration of transfer, the
person in whose name a Debt Security of any series shall be registered, on books
kept for such purpose in accordance with Section 4.2, shall be deemed the
absolute owner thereof for all purposes of this Indenture, whether or not such
Debt Security is overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any Paying
Agent or conversion agent nor any series of Debt Securities registrar shall be
affected by notice to the contrary. Subject to the provisions of Section 2.12,
payment of or on account of the principal, premium, if any, and interest shall
be made only to or upon the order in writing of such registered owner thereof,
but such registration may be changed as above provided. All such payments shall
be valid and effectual to satisfy and discharge the liability upon such Debt
Security to the extent of the sum or sums so paid.

         SECTION 2.8. Provisions for Debt Securities in temporary form. Until
Debt Securities of any series in definitive form are ready for delivery, the
Company may execute and, upon its request in writing, the Trustee or the
Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu thereof and subject
to the same conditions, one or more printed or lithographed Debt Securities in
temporary form, substantially of the tenor of Debt Securities of the same
series, without a recital of specific redemption prices and with such other
appropriate omissions, variations and insertions, all as may be determined by
the Board of Directors. Until exchanged for Debt Securities of the same series
in definitive form such Debt Securities in temporary form shall be entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture. The Company shall, without unreasonable delay
after the issue of Debt Securities in temporary form, prepare, execute and
deliver definitive Debt Securities of the same series to the Trustee, and upon
the presentation and surrender of Debt Securities in temporary form, the Trustee
or the Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange
therefor, Debt Securities of the same series in definitive form for the same
aggregate principal amount as the Debt Securities in temporary form surrendered.
Such exchange shall be made by the Company at its own expense and without any
charge therefor.

         SECTION 2.9. Mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Securities. Upon
receipt by the Company, the Trustee and the Authenticating Agent of evidence
satisfactory to them that any Debt Security of any series has been mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen, and upon receipt of indemnity (and in case of a
destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Security, proof of ownership) satisfactory to
them, the Company shall, in the case of a mutilated Debt Security, and may in
the case of a lost, stolen or destroyed Debt Security, execute, and thereupon
the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver, a new
Debt Security of the same series of like tenor bearing a serial number not
contemporaneously outstanding (bearing such notation, if any, as may be required
by the rules of any stock exchange upon which the Debt Securities of the same
series are listed or are to be listed), in exchange and substitution for, and
upon surrender

                                      -14-

<PAGE>

and cancellation of, the mutilated Debt Security, or in lieu of and in
substitution for the Debt Security so destroyed, lost or stolen; or, if any
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Security of any series shall have
matured or be about to mature, instead of issuing a new Debt Security, the
Company, upon written notice to the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent, may pay
the same without surrender of the destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Security. The
Company may require payment of the expenses which may be incurred by the Company
or any agent thereof and the charges and expenses of the Trustee and the
Authenticating Agent in the premises. Any series of Debt Securities issued under
the provisions, of this Section 2.9 in lieu of any series of Debt Securities
alleged to have been destroyed, lost or stolen, shall constitute an additional
contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the Debt Security alleged
to have been destroyed, lost or stolen shall be found at any time, and shall be
equally and proportionately entitled to the benefits of this Indenture with all
other Debt Securities of the same series issued under this Indenture.

         All Debt Securities shall be held and owned upon the express condition
that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Securities, and shall
preclude, to the extent lawful, any and all other rights or remedies,
notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary
with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments or other
securities without their surrender.

         SECTION 2.10. Exchanges of Debt Securities. Debt Securities of any
series may, upon surrender thereof as hereinafter provided in this Section 2.10,
be exchanged for one or more Debt Securities of the same series of the same
aggregate principal amount, in authorized denominations. The Debt Securities to
be exchanged shall be surrendered at the office or agency of the Company to be
maintained by it as provided in Section 4.2, accompanied by duly executed
instruments of transfer in a form acceptable to the Company, the Trustee and the
registrar, and the Company and the Guarantors shall execute and the Trustee or
the Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange therefor,
the Debt Security or Debt Securities of the same series, bearing numbers not
contemporaneously outstanding, which the holder of Debt Securities making the
exchange shall be entitled to receive. Every exchange of Debt Securities of any
series shall be effected in such manner as may be prescribed by the Company with
the approval of the Trustee and registrar, and as may be necessary to comply
with the regulations of any stock exchange upon which Debt Securities of such
series are listed or are to be listed or to conform to usage in respect thereof.

         Upon every exchange or registration of transfer of Debt Securities, no
service charge shall be made but the Company may require the payment of any
taxes or other governmental charges required to be paid with respect to such
exchange or registration, as a condition precedent to the exercise of the
privilege of such exchange or registration.

         All Debt Securities executed, authenticated and delivered in exchange
or upon registration of transfer shall be the valid obligations of the Company,
evidencing the same debt as the Debt Securities surrendered, and shall be
entitled to the benefits of this Indenture to the same extent as the Debt
Securities in exchange for which they were authenticated and delivered.

                                      -15-

<PAGE>

         The Company shall not be required to make exchanges or registrations of
transfer under any provision of this Article II of: (a) the Debt Securities of
any series for the period of 15 days next preceding the date of any designation
of Debt Securities of such series to be redeemed, as provided in Article V, or
(b) any series of Debt Securities or portion thereof called or to be called for
redemption.

         SECTION 2.11. Cancellation of surrendered Debt Securities. All Debt
Securities of any series surrendered for the purpose of payment, exchange,
conversion or cancellation (including Debt Securities authenticated which the
Company has not issued and sold) shall, if surrendered to the Company or any
Paying Agent or conversion agent, be delivered to the Trustee or its designee
and cancelled by it, or, if surrendered to the Trustee or its designee, shall be
cancelled by it, and no Debt Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof except
as expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture or as
otherwise provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors or indenture
supplemental hereto establishing such series as contemplated by Section 2.2. All
Debt Securities of any series surrendered for the purpose of redemption or
credit against any sinking fund shall similarly be delivered to the Trustee or
its designee for cancellation, and no Debt Securities shall be issued in lieu
thereof except Debt Securities of the same series in the case of redemption of a
Debt Security in part only. If the Company shall acquire any of the Debt
Securities, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction
of the indebtedness represented by such Debt Securities unless and until the
same are delivered to the Trustee or its designee for cancellation. Unless
otherwise directed in writing by the Company, the Trustee or its designee shall
destroy all cancelled Debt Securities and furnish to the Company a certificate
evidencing such destruction.

         SECTION 2.12. Payment of interest; Defaulted interest. Except as
provided in Section 13.4, interest (except defaulted interest) on the Debt
Securities of any series which is payable on any interest payment date shall be
paid to the persons who are holders of Debt Securities of such series at the
close of business on the record date specified for that purpose as contemplated
by Section 2.2. At the option of the Company, payment of interest on any series
of Debt Securities may be made by check mailed to the holder's registered
address.

         If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on the Debt Securities
of any series, it shall pay the defaulted interest to the persons who are
holders of Debt Securities of such series at the close of business on a
subsequent special record date. The Company shall fix the record date (which
shall be not less than five Business Days prior to the date of payment of such
defaulted interest) and payment date. At least 15 days before the record date,
the Company shall mail to each holder of Debt Securities of such series a notice
that states the record date, the payment date and the amount of defaulted
interest to be paid. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the
amount of defaulted interest proposed to be paid on each Debt Security of such
series and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company
shall deposit with the Trustee or any paying agent for such series an amount of
money in immediately available funds by 10:00 a.m. New York time on the payment
date equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such
defaulted interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to any Paying Agent
for such series for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment. The
Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner not inconsistent
with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Debt Security may
be listed, and upon notice as may be

                                      -16-

<PAGE>

required by such exchange if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee
of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such payment shall be deemed
practicable by the Trustee.

         SECTION 2.13. Global Securities; Depositary. For the purpose of this
Section, the term "AGENT MEMBER" means a member of, or participant in, a
Depositary; the term "DEPOSITARY" means, with respect to Debt Securities
issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global
Securities, the entity designated as Depositary by the Company pursuant to
Section 2.2, and, if at any time there is more than one such person,
"DEPOSITARY" as used with respect to the Debt Securities shall mean the
respective Depositary with respect to a particular series of Debt Securities;
and the term "GLOBAL SECURITY" means a global certificate evidencing all or part
of the series of Debt Securities as shall be specified herein, issued to the
Depositary for the series or such portion of the series, and registered in the
name of such Depositary or its nominee. The Global Security may provide that it
shall represent the aggregate amount of Outstanding Debt Securities from time to
time endorsed thereon which may from time to time be reduced to reflect
exchanges. Any endorsement to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in
the amount, of Outstanding Debt Securities shall be made by the Trustee.

         Notwithstanding Section 2.10, except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 2.2, hereof, any Global Security shall be exchangeable
only as provided in this paragraph. A Global Security shall be exchangeable
pursuant to this Section 2.13 if (i) the Depositary notifies the Company that it
is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if
at any time the Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the
Securities Exchange Act, (ii) the Company in its sole discretion determines that
all Global Securities of any series then outstanding under this Indenture shall
be exchangeable for definitive Debt Securities of such series in registered form
or (iii) an Event of Default with respect to the Debt Securities of the series
represented by such Global Security has occurred and is continuing. Any Global
Security of such series exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be
exchangeable for definitive Debt Securities of such series in registered form,
bearing interest (if any) at the same rate or pursuant to the same formula,
having the same date of issuance, redemption, conversion (if any) and other
provisions, and of differing denominations aggregating a like amount. Such
definitive Debt Securities of such series shall be registered in the names of
the owners of the beneficial interests in such Global Securities of such series
as such names are from time to time provided by the relevant participants in the
Depositary holding such Global Securities (as such participants are identified
from time to time by such Depositary).

         No Global Security may be transferred except as a whole by a nominee of
the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the
Depositary or any such nominee to a successor of the Depositary or a nominee of
such successor. Except as provided above, owners solely of beneficial interests
in a Global Security shall not be entitled to receive physical delivery of Debt
Securities of such series in definitive form and will not be considered the
holders of Debt Securities thereof for any purpose under this Indenture.

         Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding
paragraph shall be exchangeable for Debt Securities of such series in authorized
denominations and registered in such names as the Depositary that is the holder
of Debt Securities of such Global Securities of such series shall direct.

                                      -17-

<PAGE>

         In the event that a Global Security is surrendered for redemption in
part pursuant to Section 5.2 or 5.5, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
or the Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver to the Depositary for
such Global Security, without service charge, a new Global Security in a
denomination and tenor equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of
the principal for the Global Security so surrendered.

         The Agent Members shall have no rights under this Indenture with
respect to any Global Security held on their behalf by a Depositary, and such
Depositary may be treated by the Company, the Trustee, and any agent of the
Company or the Trustee as the owner of such Global Security for all purposes
whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the
Company, the Trustee, or any agent of the Company or the Trustee, from giving
effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by a
Depositary or impair, as between a Depositary and its Agent Members, the
operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of a
holder of a Debt Security of any series, including without limitation the
granting of proxies or other authorization of participants to give or take any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action which a holder of Debt Securities is entitled to give or take under this
Indenture.

         The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate Global Securities
until it has received documentation satisfactory to it.

                                  ARTICLE III

                            MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

         SECTION 3.1. Rights under Indenture limited to the parties and holders
of Debt Securities. Nothing in this Indenture or the Debt Securities, express or
implied, is intended or shall be construed to confer upon, or to give to, any
person or corporation, other than the parties hereto, their successors and
assigns, and the holders of the Debt Securities, any right, remedy or claim
under or by reason of this Indenture or any provision hereof; and the provisions
of this Indenture are for the exclusive benefit of the parties hereto, their
successors and assigns, and the holders of the Debt Securities.

         SECTION 3.2. Certificate of independent accountants conclusive. Unless
otherwise specifically provided, the certificate or opinion of an independent
firm of public accountants of recognized standing selected by the Board of
Directors and acceptable to the Trustee in the exercise of reasonable care
(which firm may be regular independent accountants to the Company ), shall be
conclusive evidence of the correctness of any computation made under the
provisions of this Indenture, and wherever reference is made in this Indenture
to "GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES" the certificate or opinion of such
a firm shall be conclusive evidence thereof. The Company shall furnish to the
Trustee upon its request a copy of any such certificate or opinion.

         SECTION 3.3. Treatment of Debt Securities owned or held by the Company
in determining required percentages. For all purposes of this Indenture, in
determining whether the holders of a required percentage or proportion of the
principal amount of Debt Securities of one or more series have concurred in any
request, waiver, vote, direction or consent, Debt Securities

                                      -18-

<PAGE>

owned or held by or for the account or for the benefit of the Company or any
other obligor under this Indenture or any Affiliate shall be disregarded and
deemed not Outstanding, except that, for the purposes of determining whether the
Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, waiver, direction or
consent, only Debt Securities which the Trustee knows to be so owned or held
shall be so disregarded. Debt Securities so owned which have been pledged in
good faith to secure an obligation may be regarded as Outstanding for all such
purposes, if the Trustee receives an Officers' Certificate stating that said
Debt Securities have been so pledged, that the pledgee is entitled to vote with
respect to such Debt Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any
other obligor on the Debt Securities, an Affiliate of the Company or an
Affiliate of such other obligor. In case of a dispute as to such right, any
decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be conclusive,
and, subject to the provisions of Section 11.1 of this Indenture, shall afford
full protection to the Trustee.

         SECTION 3.4. Remaining provisions not affected by invalidity of any
other provisions - required provisions of Trust Indenture Act of 1939 to
control. In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Indenture
or in the Debt Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or
unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of this Indenture, but
this Indenture shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable
provisions had never been contained herein.

         If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with
any other provision of this Indenture which is required to be included in an
indenture qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, such provision which
is so required to be included shall control. If any provisions of this Indenture
modifies or excludes any provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that may be so
modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to apply to this
Indenture as so modified or excluded, as the case may be.

         SECTION 3.5. Company released from Indenture requirements if entitled
to have Indenture cancelled. Whenever by the terms of this Indenture the Company
shall be required to do or not to do anything so long as any of the Debt
Securities shall be Outstanding of any series, the Company shall,
notwithstanding any such provision, not be required to comply with such
provision with respect to such series if it shall be entitled to have this
Indenture satisfied and discharged pursuant to the provisions hereof, even
though in either case the holders of any of the Debt Securities of such series
shall have failed to present and surrender such Debt Securities for payment
pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.

         SECTION 3.6. Date of execution. Although this Indenture, for
convenience and for the purpose of reference, is dated as of the date first
above written, the actual date of execution by the Company and by the Trustee is
as indicated by their respective acknowledgements hereto annexed.

         SECTION 3.7. Execution of documents furnished under the Indenture.
Unless otherwise expressly provided, any order, notice, request, demand,
certificate or statement of the Company required or permitted to be made or
given under any provision hereof shall be sufficiently executed if signed by its
Chairman of the Board, President or any Vice President (regardless of Vice
Presidential designation), and by its Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, any
Assistant Treasurer, Secretary or any Assistant Secretary.

                                      -19-

<PAGE>

         SECTION 3.8. Officers' Certificate and Opinions of Counsel to be
furnished to Trustee. Upon any application, demand or request by the Company to
the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture,
the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that
all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the
proposed action have been complied with, and an Opinion of Counsel stating that
in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied
with and that such action is in compliance with applicable law.

         Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition
or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include (a) a statement that
the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or
condition; (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination
or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
certificate or opinion are based; (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such
person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable
him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or
condition has been complied with; and (d) a statement as to whether or not, in
the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

         Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Company may
be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion
of or representations by counsel, unless such officer knows that the certificate
or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his
certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in
the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous. Any
certificate, statement or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates
to factual matters, information with respect to which is in the possession of
the Company, upon the certificate, statement or opinion of or representations by
an officer or officers of the Company unless such counsel knows that the
certificate, statement or opinion or representations with respect to the matters
upon which his certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are
erroneous, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are
erroneous.

         Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Company or
of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to accounting matters, upon a
certificate or opinion of or representations by an accountant or firm of
accountants in the employ of the Company unless such officer or counsel, as the
case may be, knows that the certificate or opinion or representations with
respect to the accounting matters upon which his certificate, statement or
opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous. Any certificate or
opinion of any independent firm of public accountants filed with the Trustee
shall contain a statement that such firm is independent.

         SECTION 3.9. Presentation of notices and demands. All notices to or
demands upon the Trustee shall be in writing and may be served or presented at
the principal office of the Trustee. Any notice to or demand upon the Company
shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or served by the Trustee or the
holders of Debt Securities, for all purposes, by being mailed by first class
mail addressed to the Company, attention of the Chief Executive Officer at
Westell's principal offices, or at such other address or to such other counsel,
as may be filed in writing by the Company with the Trustee.

                                      -20-

<PAGE>

         Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, where this Indenture
provides for notice to holders of Debt Securities of any event, such notice
shall be sufficiently given to holders of Debt Securities if in writing and
mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each holder of a Debt Security affected
by such event, at the address of such holder as it appears in the Debt Security
register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the earliest
date, prescribed for the giving of such notice.

         In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by
reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice to
holders of Debt Securities by mail, then such notification as shall be made with
the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every
purpose hereunder. In any case where notice to holders of Debt Securities is
given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any
notice so mailed, to any particular holder of a Debt Security shall affect the
sufficiency of such notice with respect to other holders of Debt Securities.

         SECTION 3.10. Successors and assigns bound by Indenture. All the
covenants, promises and agreements in this Indenture contained by or on behalf
of the Company or by or on behalf of the Trustee, shall bind and inure to the
benefit of their respective successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

         SECTION 3.11. Descriptive headings for convenience only. The
descriptive headings of the several Articles of this Indenture are inserted for
convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of
any of the provisions hereof.

         SECTION 3.12. New York law to govern. This Indenture and each Debt
Security shall be deemed to be a contract made under the laws of the State of
New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the laws of
said jurisdiction, and the rights, obligations, duties, immunities and
limitations of rights of the Trustee shall be construed in accordance with the
laws of the State of New York.

         SECTION 3.13. Indenture may be executed in counterparts. This Indenture
may be simultaneously executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when
so executed and delivered shall be an original, but such counterparts shall
together constitute but one and the same instrument. __________________________,
as Trustee, hereby accepts the trusts in this Indenture declared and provided
upon the terms and conditions hereinbefore set forth.

                                   ARTICLE IV

                            COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY

         The Company covenants and agrees as follows:

         SECTION 4.1. Payment of Principal and interest. The Company will for
the benefit of each series of Debt Securities duly and punctually pay or cause
to be paid the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Debt
Securities of such series at the times and place and in the manner specified in
this Indenture and in the Debt Securities of such series. At the option of the
Company, interest on the Debt Securities shall be payable without presentation
of such Debt

                                      -21-

<PAGE>

Securities by a check to the registered holder. Any payment of principal and any
premium or interest required to be made on an interest payment date, redemption
date or at maturity which is not a Business Day need not be made on such date,
but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and
effect as if made on such interest payment date, redemption date or at maturity,
as the case may be, and no interest shall accrue for the period from and after
such interest payment date, redemption date or maturity.

         SECTION 4.2. Maintenance of office or agency. So long as any of the
Debt Securities of any series remain unpaid, the Company will at all times keep
an office or agency in New York, New York, where Debt Securities of such series
may be presented for registration of transfer and exchange as in this Indenture
provided, where notices and demands with respect to the Debt Securities and this
Indenture may be served and where the Debt Securities may be presented for
payment or, for Debt Securities of each series that is convertible, for
conversion. The principal office of the Trustee shall be the office or agency
for all of the aforesaid purposes unless otherwise provided in a supplemental
indenture or unless the Company shall maintain some other office or agency with
respect to the Debt Securities of any series for such purposes and shall give
the Trustee written notice of the location thereof. In case the Company shall
fail to maintain such office or agency, presentations may be made and notices
and demands may be served at the principal office of the Trustee.

         The Company shall keep, at said office or agency, a register or
registers in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe,
the Company shall register or cause to be registered Debt Securities of each
series and shall register or cause to be registered the transfer or exchange of
Debt Securities of each series as in Article II provided. Such register or
registers shall be in written form in the English language or any other form
capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable time. At all
reasonable times, such register or registers shall be open for inspection by the
Trustee.

         SECTION 4.3. Corporate existence. Subject to Article X hereof, the
Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in
full force and effect its corporate existence and the rights (charter and
statutory) and franchises of the Company; provided, however, that the Company
shall not be required to preserve any such right or franchise if the Company
shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the
conduct of the business and that the loss thereof is not disadvantageous in any
material respect to the holders of Debt Securities.

         SECTION 4.4. Restrictions on mergers, sales and consolidations. So long
as any of the Debt Securities remain unpaid, the Company will not consolidate or
merge with or sell, convey or lease all or substantially all of its property to
any other corporation, partnership or limited liability company except (a) to
the extent expressly permitted pursuant to the terms of any supplemental
indenture governing any series of the Debt Securities and (b) as otherwise
permitted in Article X hereof.

         SECTION 4.5. Further assurances. From time to time whenever requested
by the Trustee, the Company will execute and deliver such further instruments
and assurances and do such further acts as may be reasonably necessary or proper
to carry out more effectually the

                                      -22-

<PAGE>

purposes of this Indenture or to secure the rights and remedies hereunder of the
holders of the Debt Securities of any series.

         SECTION 4.6. File certain reports and information with the Trustee and
the Securities and Exchange Commission transmit to holders of Debt Securities
summaries of certain documents filed with the Trustee - furnish list of holders
of Debt Securities to the Trustee. The Company will:

                  (a) file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company
         files the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of
         the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports
         which the Company may be required to file with the Securities and
         Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
         Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (or copies of such portions thereof as
         may be prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission); or, if
         the Company is not required to file with the Securities and Exchange
         Commission information, documents or reports pursuant to either Section
         13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, then the
         Company will file with the Trustee and will file with the Securities
         and Exchange Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations
         prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission, such of the
         supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports required
         pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in
         respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities
         exchange as may be prescribed in such rules and regulations;

                  (b) file with the Trustee and the Securities and Exchange
         Commission, in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed
         from time to time by the Securities and Exchange Commission, such
         additional information, documents and reports with respect to
         compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants provided
         for in this Indenture as may be required by such rules and regulations;

                  (c) transmit to the holders of Debt Securities, in the manner
         and to the extent provided in subdivision (c) of Section 11.10, such
         summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be
         filed with the Trustee pursuant to the provisions of subdivisions (a)
         and (b) of this Section 4.6 as may be required by the rules and
         regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission; and

                  (d) furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee, not more
         than 15 days after each record date (but in no event less frequently
         than every six months) for the payment of interest with respect to Debt
         Securities of any series, and at such other times as the Trustee may
         request in writing, within 30 days after receipt by the Company of any
         such request, a list in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require
         containing all information in the possession or control of the Company
         or of any Paying Agent, other than the Trustee, as to the names and
         addresses of the holders of Debt Securities of such series obtained
         since the date as of which the next previous list, if any, was
         furnished; provided, that so long as the Trustee is Debt Security
         registrar for such series, no such list need be furnished. Any such
         list may be dated as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time
         such information is furnished or caused to be furnished, and need not
         include

                                      -23-

<PAGE>

         information received after such date (excluding from any such list
         names and addresses received by the Trustee in its capacity as Debt
         Security registrar).

         SECTION 4.7. File statement by officers annually with the Trustee.
Within 120 days after the close of the fiscal year ending February 28, 1999, and
within 120 days after the close of each fiscal year thereafter, the Company will
file with the Trustee a brief certificate from the chief executive officer,
chief financial officer or treasurer as to his or her knowledge of the Company's
compliance with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes
of this paragraph, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any
period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture.

         SECTION 4.8. Duties of Paying Agent. The Company will cause each Paying
Agent for the Debt Securities of any series other than the Trustee to execute
and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with
the Trustee:

                  (a) that it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for
         the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the
         Debt Securities of such series (whether such sums have been paid to it
         by the Company or by any other obligor on the Debt Securities of such
         series) in trust for the benefit of the holders of the Debt Securities
         of such series;

                  (b) that it will give the Trustee written notice of any
         failure by the Company (or by any other obligor on the Debt Securities
         of such series) to make any payment of the principal of, premium, if
         any, or interest on the Debt Securities of such series when the same
         shall be due and payable; and

                  (c) that it will, at any time during the continuance of any
         Event of Default with respect to such series, upon the written request
         of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust
         by such Paying Agent.

If the Company acts as its own Paying Agent for the Debt Securities of any
series, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of, premium, if
any, or interest on the Debt Securities of such series, set aside and segregate
and hold in trust for the benefit of the holders of the Debt Securities of such
series a sum sufficient to pay such principal, premium, if any, or interest and
will notify the Trustee of such action or any failure to take such action.

         Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any
series of Debt Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the principal
of, premium, if any, or interest on any Debt Securities of such series, deposit
with the Paying Agent or Agents for the Debt Securities of such series a sum, by
10:00 a.m. New York time in immediately available funds on the payment date,
sufficient to pay the principal, premium, if any, or interest so becoming due
with respect to the Debt Securities of such series, and (unless such paying
agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee in writing of
any failure so to act.

         The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to the Debt Securities
of one or more series or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company order direct
any Paying Agent for such series to pay, to the

                                      -24-

<PAGE>

Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to
be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were
held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying
Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further
liability with respect to such payment.

         Anything in this Section 4.8 to the contrary notwithstanding, the
agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section 4.8 shall be subject
to the provisions of Section 6.3.

                                   ARTICLE V

                   REDEMPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES; SINKING FUND

         SECTION 5.1. Applicability of Article. Debt Securities of any series
which are redeemable before their stated maturity at the election of the Company
or through the operation of any sinking fund for the retirement of Debt
Securities of such series shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms
established pursuant to Section 2.2 and (except as otherwise established
pursuant to Section 2.2 for Debt Securities of such series) in accordance with
this Article.

         SECTION 5.2. Notice of redemption to be given to Trustee - deposit of
cash (or other form of payment) with Trustee - selection by Trustee of Debt
Securities to be redeemed. Not less than 30 days (or such lesser number of days
as the Trustee shall approve) nor more than 60 days (or such greater number of
days as the Trustee shall approve) prior to the date fixed by the Company for
the redemption at the option of the Company of any Debt Securities of any series
which are subject to redemption or portions thereof, the Company shall give
written notice, by delivering a Company Order to the Trustee, stating the
aggregate principal amount of Debt Securities of such series which the Company
elects to redeem and the date and place fixed for redemption, that the Company,
in the case of any redemption of Debt Securities subject to any restrictions on
such redemption provided in the terms of Debt Securities of such series
established pursuant to Section 2.2 or elsewhere in this Indenture, is in
compliance with such restrictions. On or before 10:00 a.m. New York time of the
date fixed for redemption, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or the
Paying Agent money in immediately available funds on such redemption date (or
other form of payment if permitted by the terms of such Debt Securities) in an
amount sufficient to redeem on the date fixed for redemption all the Debt
Securities of such series or portions thereof to be redeemed, other than any
Debt Securities of such series called for redemption on such date which have
been converted prior to the date of such deposit, at the appropriate redemption
price, together with any accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption. If
less than all the Debt Securities then Outstanding of such series are to be
redeemed, the Trustee shall select, substantially pro rata or by lot, in such
manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair, in its sole discretion, the
numbers of the Debt Securities to be redeemed as a whole or in part, and shall
thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the Debt
Securities to be redeemed; provided, however, that Debt Securities of such
series registered in the name of the Company shall be excluded from any such
selection for redemption until all Debt Securities of such series not so
registered shall have been previously selected for redemption. For the purpose
of such selection in case of redemption of less than all of the Debt Securities
of any series, the Trustee and the Company shall have the option to treat as
Outstanding Debt Securities any Debt Securities of such series which are
surrendered for

                                      -25-

<PAGE>

conversion after the fifteenth day immediately preceding the mailing of the
notice of such redemption, and need not treat as Outstanding Debt Securities any
Debt Securities authenticated and delivered during such period in exchange for
the unconverted portion of any Debt Securities converted in part during such
period. In case any series of Debt Securities shall be redeemed in part only,
the notice of redemption shall specify the principal amount thereof to be
redeemed and shall state that, upon surrender thereof for redemption, a new Debt
Security or new Debt Securities of the same series of an aggregate principal
amount equal to the unredeemed portion of such Debt Security will be issued in
lieu thereof; and in such case the Company shall execute and the Trustee or the
Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver such new Debt Security or
Debt Securities of such series to or upon the written order of the holder of
Debt Securities, at the expense of the Company. Provisions of this Indenture
that apply to Debt Securities called for redemption also apply to portions of
Debt Securities called for redemption.

         Upon or after the receipt of such notice, the Trustee, in the name of
the Company and as its agent, shall mail by first-class mail, postage prepaid,
to each registered holder of a Debt Security to be redeemed in whole or in part
at his last address appearing on the registration books of the Company, a notice
of redemption. Such notice of redemption shall identify the Debt Securities to
be so redeemed in whole or in part and whether such Debt Securities are to be
redeemed in whole or in part and shall state: (i) the date fixed for redemption;
(ii) the redemption price at which Debt Securities are to be redeemed and method
of payment, if other than in cash; (iii) if applicable, the current conversion
price or rate; (iv) if applicable, that the right of the holder of Debt
Securities to convert Debt Securities called for redemption shall terminate at
the close of business on the date fixed for redemption (or such other day as may
be specified as contemplated by Section 2.2 for Debt Securities of any series);
(v) if applicable, that holders of Debt Securities who want to convert Debt
Securities called for redemption must satisfy the requirements for conversion
contained in such Debt Securities; (vi) that, subject to Section 13.4, interest,
if any, accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in
said notice and that on and after said date interest thereon shall cease to
accrue; (vii) the provision of the Debt Security or this Indenture under which
the redemption is being made; and (viii) that the Company so elects to redeem
such Debt Securities or portions thereof at the place or places specified in
such notice. Such notice shall be mailed not later than the tenth, and not
earlier than the sixtieth, day before the date fixed for redemption. Any notice
which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to
have been duly given, whether or not the holder receives such notice; and
failure duly to give such notice by mail, or any defect in such notice, to the
holder of any series of Debt Securities designated for redemption as a whole or
in part shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of
any other Debt Security.

         The Company shall pay to the Trustee the cost of mailing notices of
redemption and any other necessary expenses incurred by the Trustee in
connection therewith.

         SECTION 5.3. Debt Securities called for redemption to become due -
rights of holders of redeemed Debt Securities return of funds on conversion. The
notice of election to redeem having been mailed as hereinbefore provided, the
Debt Securities or portions thereof called for redemption shall become due and
payable on the redemption date at the applicable redemption price, together with
interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption, at the place or places
specified in such notice, and if cash (or other form of payment if permitted by
the terms of such

                                      -26-

<PAGE>

Debt Securities) in the amount necessary to redeem such Debt Securities or
portions thereof has been deposited with the Trustee, interest on such Debt
Securities or portions thereof shall cease to accrue from and after the date
fixed for redemption (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the
redemption price, plus accrued interest, if any) and the right to convert such
Debt Securities or portions thereof, if the terms of such Debt Securities
provide for conversion pursuant to Section 2.2, shall terminate at the close of
business on the date fixed for redemption or such other day as may be specified
as contemplated by Section 2.2 for Debt Securities of such series. The
respective registered holders of Debt Securities or portions thereof so called
for redemption shall be entitled to receive payment of the applicable redemption
price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption on or
after the date fixed for redemption (unless the Company shall default in the
payment of the redemption price, plus accrued interest, if any), upon
presentation and surrender at the place or places of payment specified in such
notice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, subject to Section 13.4, if the record
date for payment of interest is on or prior to the redemption date, such
interest shall be payable to the persons who are holders of such Debt Securities
on such record date according to the terms of such Debt Securities and Section
2.12.

         If any series of Debt Securities called for redemption pursuant to
Section 5.1 is converted pursuant to Article XIII, any monies deposited with the
Trustee for the purpose of paying or redeeming any such Debt Security shall be
promptly paid to the Company.

         SECTION 5.4. Credits against sinking fund. Against any one or more
sinking fund payments to be made pursuant to the terms of the Debt Securities of
any series providing for a sinking fund, the Company may elect, by delivery of
an Officers' Certificate to the Trustee, at least 45 days prior to the sinking
fund payment date (or such shorter period as may be acceptable to the Trustee or
is otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2 for Debt Securities of any
series), to take credit for any Debt Securities of such series or portions
thereof acquired or redeemed by the Company, pursuant to the terms of such Debt
Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund
payments pursuant to the terms of such Debt Securities, which have not
previously been used by the Company for the purposes permitted in this Section
5.4 and for any Debt Securities which have been converted pursuant to the terms
of such Debt Securities. Such Debt Securities shall be received and credited for
such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption price specified in such Debt
Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount
of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. Upon any such
election the Company shall receive credit against such sinking fund payments
required to be made in the order in which they are to be made. Any series of
Debt Securities for which credit is elected to be taken which shall not
theretofore have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall at the
time of such election be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation by the
Trustee.

         SECTION 5.5. Redemption through sinking fund. Each sinking fund payment
made under the terms of the Debt Securities of any series established pursuant
to Section 2.2 shall be applied to the redemption of Debt Securities of such
series on the date for redemption specified in the Debt Securities of such
series next succeeding such sinking fund payment date; provided, however, if at
any time the amount of cash to be paid into the sinking fund for such series on
the next succeeding such sinking fund payment date; provided, however, if at any
time the amount of cash to be paid into the sinking fund for such series on the
next succeeding sinking fund

                                      -27-

<PAGE>

payment date, together with any unused balance of any preceding sinking fund
payment or payments for such series, shall not exceed in the aggregate $10,000,
the Trustee, unless requested by the Company, shall not give notice of the
redemption of Debt Securities of such series through the operation of the
sinking fund on the succeeding date for redemption specified in the Debt
Securities of such series. At least 45 days (or such lesser number of days as
the Trustee shall approve) prior to the date on which a sinking fund payment
with respect to the Debt Securities of any series is due, the Company shall give
written notice to the Trustee of the principal amount of Debt Securities of such
series registered in the name of the Company (which shall be excluded from such
redemption) and the Trustee shall select, substantially pro rata or by lot, in
such manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair, the principal amount of Debt
Securities of such series to be redeemed in accordance with the terms of the
Debt Securities of such series after allowance for any credit elected under
Section 5.4 and shall, in the name and at the expense of the Company and as its
agent, give notice of such redemption, all in the manner provided for in Section
5.2, except that such notice shall state that the Debt Securities of such series
are being redeemed for the sinking fund. The notice of redemption having been
mailed as hereinbefore provided, the Debt Securities or portions thereof called
for redemption shall become due and payable on the next succeeding date for
redemption specified in the Debt Securities of such series at the sinking fund
redemption price thereof, all in the manner and with the effect provided for in
Section 5.3.

         Any sinking fund payment not so required to be applied to the
redemption of Debt Securities of any series on the date for redemption specified
in the Debt Securities of such series next succeeding any sinking fund payment
date may, at the direction of the Company as evidenced by a Company Order, be
applied by the Trustee prior to the forty-fifth day preceding the next following
sinking fund payment date for such series, in such manner and from time to time,
in such amount as the Company may direct the Trustee in writing, so far as such
moneys shall be adequate, to the purchase for the sinking fund of Debt
Securities of such series or portions thereof, in the open market, from the
Company or otherwise, at prices (exclusive of accrued interest and brokerage
commissions) not in excess of the sinking fund redemption price for such series.
The Company agrees to pay to the Trustee, upon request, accrued interest and
brokerage commissions paid by the Trustee with respect to any Debt Securities of
such series so purchased by the Trustee and such accrued interest and brokerage
commissions shall not be charged against the sinking fund for such series.

         Any unused balance of sinking fund moneys with respect to Debt
Securities of any series remaining in the hands of the Trustee on the
forty-fifth day preceding the sinking fund payment date for such series in any
year shall be added to any sinking fund payment for such series to be made in
cash in such year, and together with such payment, if any, shall be applied to
the redemption or purchase of Debt Securities of such series in accordance with
the provisions of this Section 5.5, provided that any sinking fund moneys so
remaining in the hands of the Trustee after the date specified in the Debt
Securities of such series and not utilized in the purchase of Debt Securities of
such series as provided in this Section 5.5 shall be applied by the Trustee to
the payment of Debt Securities at maturity.

         SECTION 5.6. Debt Securities no longer Outstanding after notice to
Trustee and deposit of cash. If the Company, having given notice to the Trustee
as provided in Section 5.1 or 5.2, shall have deposited with the Trustee or the
Paying Agent, for the benefit of the holders of any

                                      -28-

<PAGE>

Debt Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption in whole
or in part cash or other form of payment if permitted by the terms of such Debt
Securities (which amount shall be immediately due and payable to the holders of
such Debt Securities or portions thereof) in the amount necessary so to redeem
all such Debt Securities or portions thereof on the date fixed for redemption
and provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for the giving of
notice of such redemption, such Debt Securities, or portions thereof, shall
thereupon, for all purposes of this Indenture, be deemed to be no longer
Outstanding, and the holders thereof shall be entitled to no rights thereunder
or hereunder, except the right to receive payment of the applicable redemption
price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption, on or
after the date fixed for redemption of such Debt Securities or portions thereof
and the right to convert such Debt Securities or portions thereof, if the terms
of such Debt Securities provide for convertibility pursuant to Section 2.2, at
or prior to the close of business on the date fixed for redemption.

         SECTION 5.7. Conversion arrangement on call for redemption. In
connection with any redemption of Debt Securities, the Company may arrange for
the purchase and conversion of any Debt Securities called for redemption by an
agreement with one or more investment bankers or other purchasers to purchase
such Debt Securities by paying to the Trustee or the Paying Agent in trust for
the holders of Debt Securities, on or before 10:00 a.m. New York time on the
redemption date, an amount no less than the redemption price, together with
interest, if any, accrued to the redemption date of such Debt Securities, in
immediately available funds. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
in this Article V, the obligation of the Company to pay the redemption price of
such Debt Securities, including all accrued interest, if any, shall be deemed to
be satisfied and discharged to the extent such amount is so paid by such
purchasers. If such an agreement is entered into, any Debt Securities not duly
surrendered for conversion by the holders thereof may, at the option of the
Company, be deemed, to the fullest extent permitted by law, acquired by such
purchasers from such holders and (notwithstanding anything to the contrary
contained in Article XIII) surrendered by such purchasers for conversion, all as
of immediately prior to the close of business on the last day on which Debt
Securities of such series called for redemption may be converted in accordance
with this Indenture and the terms of such Debt Securities, subject to payment of
the above amount aforesaid. The Trustee or the Paying Agent shall hold and pay
to the holders of Debt Securities whose Debt Securities are selected for
redemption any such amount paid to it in the same manner as it would moneys
deposited with it by the Company for the redemption of Debt Securities. Without
the Trustee's and the Paying Agent's prior written consent, no arrangement
between the Company and such purchasers for the purchase and conversion of any
Debt Securities shall increase or otherwise affect any of the powers, duties,
responsibilities or obligations of the Trustee as set forth in this Indenture,
and the Company agrees to indemnify the Trustee from, and hold it harmless
against, any loss, liability or expense arising out of or in connection with any
such arrangement for the purchase and conversion of any Debt Securities between
the Company and such purchasers, including the costs and expenses incurred by
the Trustee and the Paying Agent in the defense of any claim or liability
arising out of or in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its
powers, duties, responsibilities or obligations under this Indenture.

                                      -29-

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE VI

                     SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE

         SECTION 6.1. Satisfaction and discharge of Indenture with respect to
Debt Securities of any series. If (a) the Company shall deliver to the Trustee
for cancellation all Debt Securities of any series theretofore authenticated
(other than any such Debt Securities which shall have been destroyed, lost or
stolen and in lieu of or in substitution for which other such Debt Securities
shall have been authenticated and delivered or Debt Securities for whose payment
money (or other form of payment if permitted by the terms of such Debt
Securities) has theretofore been held in trust and thereafter repaid to the
Company, as provided in Section 6.3) and not theretofore cancelled, or (b) the
Company shall irrevocably deposit (subject to Section 6.3) with the Trustee or
Paying Agent as trust funds the entire amount in cash or U.S. Government
Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all of the Debt
Securities of such series (other than any Debt Securities which shall have been
destroyed, lost or stolen and in lieu of or in substitution for which other Debt
Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered or Debt Securities for
whose payment money (or other form of payment if permitted by the terms of such
Debt Securities) has theretofore been held in trust and thereafter repaid to the
Company, as provided in Section 6.3) not theretofore paid, surrendered or
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including the principal, premium, if
any, and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or redemption
date, as the case may be, and if in either case the Company shall also pay or
cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company and the Company
shall deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel,
each stating that in the opinion of the signers all conditions precedent to the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to the Debt Securities
of such series have been complied with (and, in the event that such deposit
shall be made more than one year prior to the maturity of the Debt Securities of
such series, such Opinion of Counsel shall also state that such deposit will not
result in an obligation of the Company, the Trustee or the trust fund created by
such deposit to register as an investment company under the Investment Company
Act of 1940, as amended) and a certificate (upon which the Trustee may rely) of
a firm of independent public accounts of recognized national standing selected
by the Board of Directors (who may be the regular accountants employed by the
Company) stating that the cash, if any, and U.S. Government Obligations, if any,
deposited as set forth above are sufficient to pay at maturity or upon
redemption all of the Debt Securities of such series as set forth above, then,
except with respect to the remaining rights of conversion of any Debt Securities
the terms of which provide for conversion (which shall continue in full force
and effect pursuant to the terms set forth in Article XIII to the extent
provided for in such terms) or to rights of exchange or registration of transfer
or of the Company's right of optional redemption of any Debt Securities of such
series, this Indenture shall cease to be of further effect with respect to the
Debt Securities of such series, and the Trustee, on demand of and at the cost
and expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to the Debt
Securities of such series. Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of
this Indenture with respect to the Debt Securities of such series, the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 11.2 shall survive, and
if moneys or U.S. Government Obligations shall have been irrevocably deposited
with the Trustee or Paying Agent pursuant to clause (b) of this Section, the
obligations of the Trustee under Section 6.2 and the first paragraph of Section
6.3 shall survive.

                                      -30-

<PAGE>

         In order to have money available on a payment date to pay the principal
of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the Debt Securities, the U.S.
Government Obligations shall be payable as to principal or interest on or before
such payment date in such amounts as will provide the necessary money. Such U.S.
Government Obligations shall not be callable at the issuer's option.

         SECTION 6.2. Deposits for payment or redemption of Debt Securities to
be held in trust. Subject to the provisions hereinafter contained in this
Article VI, any moneys or U.S. Government Obligations (or other form of payments
if permitted by the terms of such Debt Security) which at any time shall be
deposited by the Company, or on its behalf with the Trustee or Paying Agent, for
the purpose of paying or redeeming any of the Debt Securities of any series
shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee to the payment to the holders
of the particular Debt Securities for the payment or redemption of which such
moneys (or other form of payments if permitted by the terms of such Debt
Security) have been deposited, of all sums due and to become due thereon for
principal, premium, if any, and interest, upon presentation and surrender of
such Debt Securities at the office or agency of the Company maintained as
provided in this Indenture. Neither the Company nor the Trustee (except as
provided in Section 11.2) nor any Paying Agent shall be required to pay interest
on any moneys so deposited.

         SECTION 6.3. Repayment of moneys. Any moneys or U.S. Government
Obligations deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent remaining unclaimed
by the holders of Debt Securities for two years after the date upon which the
principal of or interest on such Debt Securities shall have become due and
payable, shall (unless otherwise required by mandatory provisions of applicable
escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law) be repaid to the Company by the
Trustee or Paying Agent and such holders shall (unless otherwise required by
mandatory provisions of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property
law) thereafter be entitled to look to the Company only for payment thereof;
provided, however, that, before being required to make any such payment to the
Company, the Trustee or Paying Agent may, at the expense and written direction
of the Company, cause to be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper, a notice
that such moneys remain unclaimed and that, after the date set forth in said
notice, the balance of such moneys then unclaimed will be returned to the
Company.

         Upon satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, all moneys then held
by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee hereunder shall, upon demand of the
Company, be repaid to it and thereupon such Paying Agent shall be released from
all further liability with respect to such moneys.

         The Trustee or any Paying Agent shall deliver or pay to the Company
from time to time upon a request in writing by the Company any moneys or U.S.
Government Obligations (or the principal or interest on such U.S. Government
Obligations) held by it as provided in Section 6.1 which, in the opinion of a
nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a
written certification thereof to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount
thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for
which such money or U.S. Government Obligations were deposited or received.

                                  ARTICLE VII

                              REMEDIES UPON DEFAULT

                                      -31-

<PAGE>

         SECTION 7.1. Events of Default defined -- acceleration of maturity upon
default -- waiver of default after acceleration. The following events are hereby
defined for all purposes of this Indenture (except where the term is otherwise
defined for specific purposes) as Events of Default with respect to Debt
Securities of a particular series, unless it is either inapplicable to a
particular series or is specifically deleted or modified as contemplated by
Section 2.2 for the Debt Securities of such series, in addition to any other
events as may be defined as Events of Default pursuant to Section 2.2 for the
Debt Securities of such series:

                  (a) Failure of the Company to pay or provide for payment of
         the principal of or premium, if any, on any of the Debt Securities of
         such series, when and as the same shall become due and payable, whether
         at maturity thereof, by call for redemption, through any mandatory
         sinking fund, by redemption at the option of the holder of any series
         of Debt Securities pursuant to the terms of such Debt Security, by
         declaration of acceleration or otherwise; or

                  (b) Failure of the Company to pay or provide for payment of
         any installment of interest on any of the Debt Securities of such
         series, when and as the same shall become due and payable, which
         failure shall have continued for a period of 30 days; or

                  (c) Failure of the Company to perform or observe any other of
         the covenants or agreements on the part of the Company in this
         Indenture or in the Debt Securities of such series (other than a
         covenant or agreement which has expressly been included in this
         Indenture solely for the benefit of Debt Securities of any series other
         than that series or is expressly made inapplicable to the Debt
         Securities of such series pursuant to Section 2.2), which failure shall
         have continued for a period of 90 days after written notice by
         certified or registered mail given to the Company by the Trustee
         hereunder or to the Company and to the Trustee from the holders of not
         less than 25% of the aggregate principal amount of Debt Securities then
         Outstanding of such series under this Indenture specifying such Event
         of Default or failure and requesting that it be remedied and stating
         that such notice is a notice of an event which, if continued for 90
         days after such written notice, will become an Event of Default;

                  (d) The institution by the Company of proceedings to be
         adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the
         institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against it, or the
         filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking relief under
         any Bankruptcy Law or the consent by it to the institution of
         proceedings thereunder or consent by it to the filing of any such
         petition or to the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee,
         trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the
         Company or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by
         the Company of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the
         admission by the Company in writing of its inability to pay its debts
         generally as they become due; or

                  (e) The entry of a decree or order by a court having
         jurisdiction for relief in respect of the Company, or adjudging the
         Company a bankruptcy or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a
         petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition
         of or in respect of the Company under any Bankruptcy Law or appointing
         a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other
         similar official) of the

                                      -32-

<PAGE>

         Company or of any substantial part of its property, or ordering the
         winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any
         such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 180
         consecutive days.

         If one or more Events of Default shall occur and be continuing with
respect to Debt Securities then Outstanding of any series, then, and in each and
every such case, either the Trustee, by notice in writing to the Company, or the
holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Debt
Securities then Outstanding of such series, by notice in writing to the Company
and to the Trustee, may declare the principal amount (or, if the Debt Securities
of such series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the
principal amount as may be specified in the terms of the Debt Securities of such
series) of all Debt Securities of such series and/or such other amount or
amounts as the Debt Securities or supplemental indenture with respect to such
series may provide, if not already due and payable, to be immediately due and
payable; and upon any such declaration all Debt Securities of such series shall
become and be immediately due and payable, anything in this Indenture or in any
of the Debt Securities of such series contained to the contrary notwithstanding.
This provision, however, is subject to the condition that if, at any time after
the principal of (and/or such other specified amount on) the Debt Securities of
such series shall so become due and payable, and before any judgement or decree
for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as
hereinafter provided, the Company shall pay or shall deposit with the Trustee a
sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Debt
Securities of such series and the principal of (and/or such other specified
amount) and premium, if any, on any and all Debt Securities of such series which
shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration, with interest on such
principal (and/or such other specified amount) and premium, if any, and (to the
extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) on any
overdue installment of interest, at the rate specified in the Debt Securities of
such series (or, if no such rate is specified, at the rate borne by the Debt
Securities of such series), to the date of such payment or deposit, and the
reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee, and any and all defaults
under this Indenture with respect to the Debt Securities of such series, other
than the nonpayment of principal of (and/or such other specified amount) or
premium, if any, and accrued interest on Debt Securities of such series which
shall have become due by acceleration, shall have been remedied, then and in
every such case the Trustee shall, upon written request or consent of the
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities then
Outstanding of such series delivered to the Company and to the Trustee, waive
such default and its consequences and rescind or annul such declaration and its
consequences, but no such waiver, rescission or annulment shall extend to or
affect any subsequent default, or impair any right consequent thereon.

         For all purposes under this Indenture, if the portion of the principal
amount as may be specified in the terms of any Original Issue Discount
Securities shall have been accelerated and declared due and payable pursuant to
the provisions hereof, then, from and after such declaration, unless such
declaration has been rescinded and annulled, payment of such portion of the
principal amount thereof, together with interest, if any, thereon and all other
amounts owing thereunder, shall constitute payment in full of such Original
Issue Discount Securities.

         SECTION 7.2. Covenant of Company to pay to Trustee whole amount due on
default in payment of Principal or interest - Trustee may recover judgment for
whole amount due -

                                      -33-

<PAGE>

application of moneys received by the Trustee. In case the Company shall commit
an Event of Default with respect to the Debt Securities of any series described
in Section 7.1(a) or (b), then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company shall
pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Debt Securities then
Outstanding of such series, the whole amount which then shall have become due on
all such Debt Securities of such series for principal, premium, if any, and
interest, with interest on the overdue principal and premium, if any, and (to
the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law)
upon overdue installments of interest, at the rate specified in the Debt
Securities of such series (or, if no such rate is specified, at the rate borne
by the Debt Securities of such series), and in addition thereto, such additional
amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection,
including the reasonable compensation, expenses, liabilities, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, any predecessor Trustee, their agents and counsel. In
case the Company shall pay the same in accordance with the provisions of this
Section 7.2 and, prior to such payment neither the Trustee nor the holders of
the Debt Securities then Outstanding of such series shall have taken any steps
to begin enforcing their rights under this Indenture and so long as no
additional Event of Default with respect to the Debt Securities of such series
shall have occurred, from and after such payment, the Event of Default giving
rise to the demand by the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.2 shall be deemed
to be no longer continuing and shall be deemed to have thereupon been remedied,
cured or waived without further action upon the part of either the Trustee or
any of the holders of Debt Securities. In case the Company shall fail to pay the
same forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of
an express trust, may institute any judicial proceedings at law or in equity for
the collection of the sums so due and unpaid and may prosecute such proceedings
to judgment or final decree, and may enforce the same against the Company or any
other obligor upon the Debt Securities of such series and collect the moneys
adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the
property of the Company or any other obligor upon the Debt Securities of such
series, wherever situated. The right of the Trustee to recover such judgment
shall not be affected by the exercise of any other right, power or remedy for
the enforcement of the provisions of this Indenture.

         In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation,
bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other
judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Debt
Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their
creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of any Debt
Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration
of acceleration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have
made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest)
shall be entitled and empowered to file and prove a claim for the whole amount
of principal, premium, if any, and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the
Debt Securities of any series for which it serves as Trustee and to file such
other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the
claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation,
expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, any predecessor Trustee,
their agents and counsel) and of the holders of Debt Securities of such series
allowed in such judicial proceeding, and to receive payment of or on account of
such claims and to distribute the same after the deduction of its charges and
expenses; and any receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator (or
other similar official) in any judicial proceeding is hereby irrevocably
authorized and instructed by each of the holders of Debt Securities of such
series to make such payments to the Trustee, and,

                                      -34-

<PAGE>

in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments
directly to the holders of Debt Securities of such series, to pay to the Trustee
any amount due it or any predecessor Trustee, for compensation and expenses,
including counsel fees incurred up to the date of such distribution. Nothing
contained in this Indenture shall be deemed to give to the Trustee any right to
accept or consent to any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or
composition affecting the holders of Debt Securities or the rights of any holder
of Debt Securities, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim
of any holder of Debt Securities in any such proceeding; provided, however, that
the Trustee may, on behalf of the holders of Debt Securities, vote for the
election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and may be a member of
any creditors' committee.

         Any moneys or property received by the Trustee under this Section 7.2
shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the
Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys or property on account
of principal, premium, if any, or interest, upon presentation of the several
Debt Securities of the series in respect of which such moneys were received, and
stamping thereon the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof
if fully paid:

                  First: To the payment of costs and expenses of collections,
         and reasonable compensation to the Trustee, its agents, attorneys and
         counsel, and all advances made and expenses and liabilities incurred by
         the Trustee, except as a result of its negligence or bad faith and all
         other amounts owing to the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee pursuant
         to Section 11.2 hereof;

                  Second: In case the principal of the Outstanding Debt
         Securities in respect of which such moneys were received shall not have
         become due and be unpaid, to the payment of interest on such Debt
         Securities, in the order of the maturity of the installments of such
         interest, with interest (so far as may be lawful) upon the overdue
         installments of interest at the rate specified in such Debt Securities
         (or, if no such rate is specified, at the rate borne by the Debt
         Securities of such series), such payments to be made ratably to the
         persons entitled thereto;

                  Third: In case the principal of the Outstanding Debt
         Securities in respect of which such moneys were received and/or such
         other amount or amounts as the Debt Securities or supplemental
         indenture with respect to such series shall provide, shall have become
         due, by declaration or otherwise, to the payment of the whole amount
         then owing and unpaid upon such Debt Securities for principal (and/or
         such other specified amount), premium, if any, and interest, with
         interest on the overdue principal (and/or such other specified amount),
         premium, if any, and (so far as may be lawful) upon overdue
         installments of interest, at the rate specified in such Debt Securities
         (or, if no such rate is specified, at the rate borne by the Debt
         Securities of such series), and in case such moneys shall be
         insufficient to pay in full the whole amount so due and unpaid upon
         such Debt Securities, then to the payment of such principal (and/or
         such other specified amount), premium, if any, and interest, with
         interest on the overdue principal (and/or such other specified amount),
         premium, if any, and (so far as may be lawful) upon overdue
         installments of interest, at the rate specified in such Debt Securities
         (or, if no such rate is specified, at the rate borne by the Debt
         Securities of such series), without preference or priority of principal
         (and/or such other specified amount) and premium, if

                                      -35-

<PAGE>

         any, over interest, or of interest over principal (and/or specified
         amount) and premium, if any, or of any installment of interest over any
         other installment of interest, or of any such Debt Security over any
         other such Debt Security, ratably to the aggregate of such principal
         (and/or such other specified amount), premium, if any, and accrued and
         unpaid interest; and

                  Fourth: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the
         Company, its successors or assigns, or to whomever may be so lawfully
         entitled to receive the same, or as a court of competent jurisdiction
         may direct.

         SECTION 7.3. Trustee may enforce rights of action without possession of
Debt Securities. All rights of action under this Indenture or any of the Debt
Securities Outstanding of any series hereunder enforceable by the Trustee may be
enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Debt Securities or
the production thereof at the trial or other proceedings relative thereto, and
any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought for the
ratable benefit of the holders of the Debt Securities with respect to which the
rights are being exercised, subject to the provisions of this Indenture.

         SECTION 7.4. Delays or omissions not to impair any rights or powers
accruing upon default. No delay or omission of the Trustee or of the holders of
Debt Securities to exercise any rights or powers accruing upon any default which
shall not have been remedied shall impair any such right or power, or shall be
construed to be a waiver of any such default or acquiescence therein; and every
power and remedy given by this Article VII to the Trustee and the holders of the
Debt Securities of any series may be exercised from time to time and as often as
may be deemed expedient by the Trustee or by the holders of the Debt Securities
of such series.

         SECTION 7.5. In Event of Default Trustee may protect and enforce its
rights by appropriate proceedings - holders of majority in aggregate Principal
amount of Debt Securities of a series may waive default. If any one or more
Events of Default shall happen and be continuing, the Trustee may, in its
discretion, proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this
Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee, being advised
by its counsel, shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of said
rights, either by suit in equity or by action at law or by proceeding in
bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific performance of any covenant or
agreement contained in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power
granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right
vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.

         Provided the Debt Securities of any series shall not then be due and
payable by reason of a declaration pursuant to Section 7.1 hereof, the holders
of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities of such
series then Outstanding may on behalf of the holders of all of the Debt
Securities of such series waive by written notice any past default hereunder and
its consequences, except a default in the payment of interest on or principal
and premium, if any, of any of the Debt Securities of such series. In the case
of any such waiver, the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Debt
Securities of such series shall be restored to their former positions and rights
hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or
other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

                                      -36-

<PAGE>

         SECTION 7.6. Holders of majority in aggregate principal amount of Debt
Securities of any series may direct exercise of remedies. The holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities then Outstanding
of any series shall have the right, by an instrument in writing executed and
delivered to the Trustee, to direct the time, method and place of conducting any
proceedings for any remedy available to the Trustee, or of exercising any power
or trust conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture, with respect to the
Debt Securities of such series; provided, however, that subject to the
provisions of Section 11.1 of this Indenture, the Trustee shall have the right
to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee, being advised by
counsel, determines that the action or proceedings so directed may not lawfully
be taken or if the Trustee in good faith shall, by Responsible Officers,
determine that the action or proceedings so directed would involve the Trustee
in personal liability, or would be unduly prejudicial to the holders of the Debt
Securities of such series not joining in such direction, it being understood
that the Trustee (subject to Section 11.1) shall have no duty to ascertain
whether or not such actions or forbearances are unduly prejudicial to such
holders, and the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee
which is not inconsistent with such direction.

         SECTION 7.7. Limitation on suits by holders of Debt Securities. No
holder of any Debt Security of any series shall have the right to institute any
suit, action or proceeding, in equity or at law for the execution of any trust
or power hereof, or for the enforcement of any other remedy under or upon this
Indenture or the Debt Securities of such series, unless the holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities then Outstanding
of such series shall have made written request upon the Trustee and shall have
afforded to it a reasonable opportunity either to proceed to exercise the powers
hereinbefore granted or to institute such suit, action or proceeding in its own
name, as Trustee hereunder, and shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable
indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or
thereby, and the Trustee shall have refused or neglected to comply with such
request for 60 days after its receipt of such request and no direction
inconsistent with such request shall have been given to the Trustee pursuant to
Section 7.6; it being understood and intended that no one or more holders of
Debt Securities of any series shall have any right under this Indenture or under
the Debt Securities, by his or their action, to enforce any right hereunder
except in the manner herein provided, and that all proceedings hereunder, at law
or in equity, shall be instituted, had and maintained in the manner herein
provided and for the ratable benefit of all holders of the Debt Securities of
such series. Notwithstanding any provision of this Indenture to the contrary,
the right, which is absolute and unconditional, of any holder of Debt Securities
to receive the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on his
Debt Securities at and after the respective due dates (including maturity by
call for redemption, through any sinking fund, declaration unless annulled
pursuant to Section 7.1 hereof, or otherwise), of such principal, premium, if
any, or interest, or the right, which is also absolute and unconditional, of any
holder of Debt Securities to require conversion of his Debt Securities pursuant
to Article XIII hereof if the terms of such Debt Securities provide for
convertibility pursuant to Section 2.2, or the right to institute suit for the
enforcement of any such payment at or after such due dates or of such right to
convert, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder,
and the obligation of the Company, which is also absolute and unconditional, to
pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on each of the Debt
Securities to the respective holders thereof at the times and places in the Debt
Securities expressed shall not be impaired or affected.

                                      -37-

<PAGE>

         Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 7.7,
the parties to this Indenture and the holders of Debt Securities agree as
follows:

         Any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the
enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against
the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the
filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of
such suit, and such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs,
including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit,
having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by
such party litigant; provided, however, that the provisions of this paragraph
shall not apply to any suit instituted, directly or through an agent or agents,
by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any holder of Debt Securities of any
series, or group of holders of Debt Securities of any series, holding in the
aggregate more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities
then Outstanding of such series or to any suit instituted by any holder of Debt
Securities of any series for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of,
premium, if any, or interest on, any Debt Security of such series at or after
the respective due dates of such principal, premium, if any, or interest
expressed in his Debt Security of such series.

         SECTION 7.8. No Debt Securities owned or held by, for the account of or
for the benefit of the Company to be deemed Outstanding for purpose of payment
or distribution. No Debt Securities owned or held by, for the account of or for
the benefit of the Company or any Affiliate (other than Debt Securities pledged
in good faith which would be deemed Outstanding under the provisions of Section
3.3) shall be deemed Outstanding for the purpose of any payment or distribution
provided for in this Article VII.

         SECTION 7.9. Company and Trustee restored to former position on
discontinuance or abandonment of proceedings. If the Trustee shall have
proceeded to enforce any right under this Indenture with respect to the Debt
Securities of any series, and such proceedings shall have been discontinued or
abandoned because of waiver, or for any other reason, or shall have been
determined adversely to the Trustee, then, and in any such case, the Company,
the Trustee and the holders of Debt Securities of such series shall each be
restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights,
remedies and powers of the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceeding
had been taken.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                EVIDENCE OF ACTION BY HOLDERS OF DEBT SECURITIES

         SECTION 8.1. Evidence of action by holders of Debt Securities. Any
demand, request, consent, proxy or other instrument which this Indenture may
require or permit to be signed and executed by the holders of Debt Securities of
any series may be in any number of concurrent instruments of similar tenor, and
may be signed or executed by such holders of Debt Securities in person or by an
attorney duly authorized in writing. Proof of the execution of any such demand,
request, consent, proxy or other instrument, or of a writing appointing any such
attorney, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture if made in the
following manner: the fact and date of the execution by any person of such
demand, request, consent, proxy or other instrument or writing may be proved by
the certificate of any notary public, or other officer authorized to take

                                      -38-

<PAGE>

acknowledgments of deeds to be recorded in any state or country, that the person
signing such request or other instrument or writing acknowledged to him the
execution thereof, or by an affidavit of a witness of such execution. Where such
execution is by an officer of a corporation or association or a member of a
partnership on behalf of such corporation, association or partnership, or by a
trustee or other fiduciary, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute
sufficient proof of his authority. The Trustee may nevertheless in its
discretion accept such other proof or require further proof of any matter
referred to in this Section 8.1 as it shall deem reasonable. The ownership of
Debt Securities shall be proved by the registry books or by a certificate of the
registrar thereof.

         The Trustee shall not be bound to recognize any person as a holder of
Debt Securities of any series unless and until his title to the Debt Securities
of such series held by him is proved in the manner in this Article VIII
provided.

         Any demand, request, discretion, waiver, consent, vote or other action
of the holder of any series of Debt Securities shall be conclusive and shall
bind all future holders of the same Debt Security and of any series of Debt
Securities issued in exchange or substitution therefor irrespective of whether
or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Debt Security. Any such
holder, however, may revoke the consent as to his Debt Security or portion
thereof. Such revocation shall be effective only if the Trustee receives the
notice of revocation before the date the amendment, supplement, waiver or other
action becomes effective. An amendment, supplement, waiver or other action shall
become effective on receipt by the Trustee of written consents from the holders
of Debt Securities of the requisite percentage in aggregate principal amount of
the Outstanding Debt Securities of the relevant series. After an amendment,
supplement, waiver or other action becomes effective, it shall bind every holder
of Debt Securities of each series of Debt Securities so affected.

         The Company or the Trustee, as applicable, may set a date for the
purpose of determining the holders of Debt Securities entitled to consent, vote
or take any other action referred to in this Section 8.1, which date shall be
not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days prior to the taking of the consent,
vote or other action.

                                   ARTICLE IX

                    IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS,
                             OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

         SECTION 9.1. Immunity of incorporators, stockholders, officers,
directors and employees. No recourse shall be had for the payment of the
principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any series of Debt Securities or
for any claim based thereon or otherwise in any manner in respect thereof, or in
respect of this Indenture, to or against any subsidiary, incorporator,
stockholder, officer, director or employee, as such, past, present or future, of
the Company or any subsidiary, incorporator, stockholder, officer, director or
employee, as such, past, present or future, of any predecessor or successor
corporation, partnership or limited liability company either directly or through
the Company or such predecessor or successor corporation, partnership or limited
liability company, whether by virtue of any constitutional

                                      -39-

<PAGE>

provision or statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or
penalty, or in any other manner, all such liability being expressly waived and
released by the acceptance of any series of Debt Securities and as part of the
consideration for the issue thereof.

                                   ARTICLE X

                      MERGER, CONSOLIDATION, SALE OR LEASE

         SECTION 10.1. Documents required to be filed with the Trustee upon
consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or lease execution of supplemental
indentures - acts of successor corporation. Nothing in this Indenture or in the
Debt Securities shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or
into any other corporation, partnership or limited liability company, or any
consolidation or merger of any other corporation, partnership or limited
liability company with or into the Company, or any sale, transfer or lease of
all or substantially all of the property and assets of the Company to any other
corporation, partnership or limited liability company lawfully entitled to
acquire the same; provided, however, and the Company hereby covenants and
agrees, that any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other
corporation, partnership or limited liability company or the sale, transfer or
lease of all or substantially all of the property and assets of the Company and
its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis shall be upon the condition that (a)
the due and punctual payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest
on all the Debt Securities according to their tenor, and the due and punctual
performance and observance of all the terms, covenants and conditions of this
Indenture to be kept or performed by the Company shall, by an indenture
supplemental hereto complying with the provisions of Section 12.1, executed and
delivered to the Trustee, be expressly assumed by the corporation, partnership
or limited liability company (other than the Company) formed by or resulting
from any such consolidation or merger, or which shall have received the transfer
or lease of all or substantially all of the property and assets of the Company
and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, just as fully and effectually as
if such successor corporation, partnership or limited liability company had been
an original party hereto; and (b) the Company or such successor corporation,
partnership or limited liability company, as the case may be, shall not,
immediately after such consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or lease be in
default in the performance of any such covenant or condition. Thereafter, unless
otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.2 for the Debt Securities of any
series, all obligations of the predecessor corporation, partnership or limited
liability company under the Debt Securities of such series shall terminate. In
the event of any such sale, transfer or lease, the predecessor Company may be
dissolved, wound up and liquidated at any time thereafter.

         Every such successor corporation, partnership or limited liability
company, upon executing an indenture supplemental hereto as provided in this
Section 10.1 in form satisfactory to the Trustee, shall succeed to and be
substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had been named herein
as the Company; and any order, certificate or resolution of the Board or
officers of the Company provided for in this Indenture may be made by like
officials of such successor corporation, partnership or limited liability
company. Such successor corporation, partnership or limited liability company
may thereupon cause to be signed, either in its own name or in the name of the
Company, with such suitable reference, if any, to such consolidation, merger,
sale, transfer or lease as may be required by the Trustee, any or all of the
Debt Securities which shall not theretofore have been signed by the Company and
authenticated by the Trustee

                                      -40-

<PAGE>

or any Authenticating Agent; and upon the written order of such successor
corporation, partnership or limited liability company in lieu of the Company
signed by the President or any Vice President (regardless of Vice Presidential
designation) and the Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or any Assistant
Treasurer of such successor corporation, partnership or limited liability
company, and subject to all the terms, conditions and restrictions herein
prescribed with respect to the authentication and delivery of the Debt
Securities, the Trustee or any Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and
deliver any and all Debt Securities which shall have been previously signed by
the proper officers of the Company and delivered to the Trustee or any
Authenticating Agent for authentication and any of such Debt Securities which
such successor corporation, partnership or limited liability company shall
thereafter, in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture, cause to be
signed and delivered to the Trustee or any Authenticating Agent for such
purpose. All Debt Securities of any series so authenticated and delivered shall
in all respects have the same rank as the Debt Securities of such series
theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered in accordance with the
terms of this Indenture.

         Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 10.1 shall not apply in the
event, and to the extent, that any such consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or
lease described above is expressly permitted pursuant to the terms of any
supplemental indenture governing any series of Debt Securities, provided that
the Company complies with all conditions set forth in such supplemental
indenture for any such consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or lease.

         SECTION 10.2. Trustee may rely upon Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee may
receive and shall, subject to the provisions of Section 11.1 of this Indenture,
be fully protected in relying upon an Officers' Certificate and Opinion of
Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed under
the foregoing Section 10.1 complies with the foregoing conditions and provisions
of this Article X.

                                   ARTICLE XI

                             CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

         SECTION 11.1. Acceptance of Trust - responsibilities of Trustee. (a)
The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default and after the curing
or waiving of all Events of Default which may have occurred, undertakes to
perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this
Indenture or in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, and no implied covenants or
conditions shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In case an
Event of Default with respect to the Debt Securities of a particular series has
occurred (but only during the continuance thereof), the Trustee shall exercise
with respect to the Debt Securities of such series such of the rights and powers
vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in
their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances
in the conduct of his own affairs.

         The Trustee, upon receipt of all resolutions, certificates, statements,
opinions, reports, documents, orders or other instruments furnished to the
Trustee pursuant to any provision of this Indenture, shall examine them to
determine whether they conform to the requirements of this Indenture.

                                      -41-

<PAGE>

         (b) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the
Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure
to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that

                  (i) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with
         respect to the Debt Securities of any series hereunder and after the
         curing or waiving of all Events of Default with respect to the Debt
         Securities of such series which may have occurred, the Trustee shall
         not be liable with respect to the Debt Securities of such series except
         for the performance of such duties as are specifically set forth in
         this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read
         into this Indenture against the Trustee, but the duties and obligations
         of the Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series,
         prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Debt
         Securities of such series and after the curing or waiving of all Events
         of Default with respect to the Debt Securities of such series which may
         have occurred, shall be determined solely by the express provisions of
         this Indenture;

                  (ii) Subject to the limitations contained in subsection (a) of
         this Section 11.1, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with
         respect to the Debt Securities of any series hereunder and after the
         curing or waiving of all Events of Default with respect to the Debt
         Securities of such series which may have occurred, and in the absence
         of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may conclusively
         rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the
         opinions expressed herein, upon certificates or opinions conforming to
         the requirements of this Indenture;

                  (iii) the Trustee shall not be personally liable for any error
         of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Officers of
         the Trustee unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in
         ascertaining the pertinent facts; and

                  (iv) the Trustee shall not be personally liable with respect
         to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in good
         faith in accordance with the direction of the holders of not less than
         a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities then
         Outstanding of any series relating to the time, method and place of
         conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or
         exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this
         Indenture with respect to the Debt Securities of such series.

         (c) Subject to the limitations contained in subsections (a) and (b) of
this Section 11.1, the recitals contained herein and in the Debt Securities
(except in the Trustee's certificate of authentication) shall be taken as the
statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the
correctness of the same. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity
or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Debt Securities except that the
Trustee represents that it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this
Indenture and to perform its obligations hereunder.

                                      -42-

<PAGE>

         (d) Subject to the limitations contained in subsections (a) and (b) of
this Section 11.1:

                  (i) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or
         refraining from action upon any resolution, certificate, opinion,
         notice, consent, request, order, appraisal, report, bond or other paper
         or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or
         presented by the proper party or parties;

                  (ii) before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, the
         Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any
         Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
         protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it
         hereunder in good faith and in accordance with such advice or Opinion
         of Counsel;

                  (iii) whenever in the administration of the trusts of this
         Indenture, prior to an Event of Default hereunder and after the curing
         or waiving of all Events of Default which may have occurred, the
         Trustee shall deem it necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or
         established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action
         hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be
         herein specifically prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved
         and established by an Officers' Certificate delivered to the Trustee,
         and such certificate shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any
         action taken, suffered or omitted by it under the provisions of this
         Indenture upon the faith thereof;

                  (iv) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any
         of the trusts or powers hereof at the request, order or direction of
         any of the holders of Debt Securities, pursuant to the provisions of
         this Indenture, unless such holders of Debt Securities shall have
         offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity against all the costs,
         expenses and liabilities which might be incurred therein;

                  (v) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or
         omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be
         authorized or within the discretion or power conferred upon it by this
         Indenture;

                  (vi) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with
         respect to the Debt Securities of any series hereunder and after the
         curing or waiving of all Events of Default with respect to the Debt
         Securities of such series which may have occurred, the Trustee shall
         not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated
         in any resolution, certificate, opinion, notice, consent, request,
         order, appraisal, report, bond or other document or instrument
         concerning such series, unless requested in writing to do so by the
         holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of
         the Debt Securities then Outstanding of such series; provided, however,
         that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the
         costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the
         making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee (subject
         to the limitations contained in subsections (a) and (b) of this Section
         11.1), not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded
         to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require
         reasonable indemnity against such expense or

                                      -43-

<PAGE>

         liability as a condition to so proceeding; and provided, further, that
         nothing in this subdivision (d)(vi) shall require the Trustee to give
         the holders of Debt Securities any notice other than that required by
         Section 11.3 hereof. The reasonable expense of every such investigation
         shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be
         repaid by the Company upon demand;

                  (vii) the Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or
         surety in respect of the performance of its powers and duties
         hereunder;

                  (viii) except for (i) a default under Sections 7.1(a) or (b)
         hereof, or (ii) any other event which the Trustee has "actual
         knowledge" and which event, with the giving of notice or the passage of
         time or both, would constitute an Event of Default under this
         Indenture, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any
         default or Event of Default unless specifically notified in writing of
         such event by the Company or the holders of not less than 25% aggregate
         principal amount of the Debt Securities then outstanding; as used
         herein, the term "actual knowledge" means the actual fact or statement
         of knowing, without any duty to make any investigation with regard
         thereto;

                  (ix) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers
         hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or
         through agents or attorneys, and the Trustee shall not be responsible
         for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney
         appointed with due care by it hereunder; and

                  (x) none of the provisions of this Indenture shall require the
         Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any personal
         financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder,
         or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have
         reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or
         adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably
         assured to it.

         SECTION 11.2. Trustee to be entitled to compensation - Trustee not to
be accountable for application of proceeds moneys held by Trustee to be trust
funds. The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee from time to time,
and the Trustee shall be entitled to reasonable compensation (which shall not be
limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an
express trust) for services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby
created, and shall also be entitled to payment of reasonable expenses and
disbursements actually made or incurred hereunder, including the reasonable fees
and expenses of counsel, accountants and of all persons not regularly in its
employ, and all taxes which may have been assessed against the Trustee as such
or any funds on deposit with the Trustee. The Company also agrees to indemnify
each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee for and hold it harmless against
loss, liability or expense incurred arising out of or in connection with the
acceptance or administration of this trust or performance of its duties
hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any
claim of liability in the premises and the costs and expenses of enforcing this
Section 11.2, except to the extent that such loss, liability or expense is
incurred due to the negligence or willful misconduct of the Trustee or
predecessor Trustee. If any property other than cash shall at any time be
subject to a lien in favor of the holders of Debt

                                      -44-

<PAGE>

Securities, the Trustee, if and to the extent authorized by a receivership or
bankruptcy court of competent jurisdiction or by the supplemental instrument
subjecting such property to such lien, shall be entitled to make advances for
the purpose of preserving such property or of discharging tax liens or other
prior liens or encumbrances thereon. The obligations of the Company under this
Section 11.2 to compensate the Trustee and to indemnify, pay or reimburse the
Trustee or any predecessor Trustee for expenses, disbursements and advances
shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder and shall survive the
resignation or removal of the Trustee, the termination of this Indenture, and
the satisfaction and discharge or any other termination pursuant to any
Bankruptcy Law hereof. Such additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien
prior to that of the Debt Securities of all series with respect to which the
Trustee acts as Trustee upon all property and funds held or collected by the
Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of
particular Debt Securities.

         The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the
Company of any Debt Securities authenticated and delivered hereunder or of the
proceeds of such Debt Securities, or for the use or application of any moneys
paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture, or
for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent.

         All moneys received by the Trustee in trust under or pursuant to any
provision of this Indenture shall constitute trust funds for the purposes for
which they were paid or were held, but need not be segregated in any manner from
any other moneys and may be deposited by the Trustee, under such conditions as
may be prescribed by law, in its general banking department, and the Trustee
shall not be liable for any interest thereon, except as otherwise agreed with
the Company.

         The parties hereto, and the holders of Debt Securities by their
acceptance of their Debt Securities, hereby agree, that when the Trustee incurs
expenses and renders services after an Event of Default occurs, such expenses
and the compensation for such services are intended by the holders of the Debt
Securities and Company to constitute expenses of administration under any
Bankruptcy Law.

         SECTION 11.3. Trustee to give holders of Debt Securities notice of
default. The Trustee shall give to the holders of Debt Securities of any series
notice of the happening of all defaults with respect to the Debt Securities of
such series known to it, within 90 days after the occurrence thereof unless such
defaults shall have been cured before the giving of such notice; provided,
however, that, except in the case of a default resulting from the failure to
make any payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Debt
Securities of any series, or in the payment of any mandatory sinking fund
installment with respect to the Debt Securities of such series, the Trustee may
withhold the giving of such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the
executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible
Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such
notice is in the interest of the holders of Debt Securities of such series. For
the purpose of this Section 11.3, the term "DEFAULT" means any event which is,
or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default. Such
notice shall be given to the holders of Debt Securities of such series in the
manner and to the extent provided in subsection (c) of Section 11.10.

                                      -45-

<PAGE>

         SECTION 11.4. Trustee acquiring conflicting interest must eliminate it
or resign. Reference is made to Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of
1939, as amended. There shall be excluded under Section 310(b)(1) thereof this
Indenture with respect to the Debt Securities of any series other than the Debt
Securities of the first series.

         SECTION 11.5. Eligibility of Trustee. There shall times be a corporate
Trustee under this Indenture which shall be a bank or trust company organized
and doing business under the laws of the United States or of any State or the
District of Columbia and having a combined capital and surplus of not less than
$50,000,000 which is authorized under the laws of its jurisdiction of
incorporation to exercise corporate trust powers and is subject to supervision
or examination by Federal, State or District of Columbia authority and which has
an office or agency in New York, New York. If the Trustee publishes reports of
condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the
aforesaid supervising or examining authority, the combined capital of the
Trustee shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in
its most recent report of condition so published. If the Trustee shall at any
time cease to meet the foregoing standards of eligibility, then such Trustee
shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section
11.6.

         SECTION 11.6. Resignation or removal of Trustee. (a) Subject to the
limitations contained in subsection (d) of this Section 11.6, the Trustee may
resign and be discharged from the trust hereby created with respect to the Debt
Securities of one or more series by giving notice thereof to the Company and by
giving notice thereof to the holders of Debt Securities of such series, in the
manner and to the extent provided in subsection (c) of Section 11.10. Upon
receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a
successor trustee or trustees (it being understood that any such successor
trustee may be appointed with respect to the Debt Securities of one or more or
all of such series with respect to which the resigning trustee has resigned and
that at any time there shall be only one trustee with respect to the Debt
Securities of any particular series) by written instrument, in duplicate,
executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall
be delivered to the resigning trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If
no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment
within 60 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning
trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of
a successor trustee, or any holder of Debt Securities of such series who has
been a bona fide holder of a Debt Security or Debt Securities of such series for
at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated,
petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court
may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe,
appoint a successor trustee.

         (b)      In case at any time any of the following shall occur:

                  (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of
         Section 11.4 with respect to the Debt Securities of any series after
         written request therefor by the Company or by any holder of Debt
         Securities of such series who has been a bona fide holder of a Debt
         Security or Debt Securities of such series for at least six months; or

                                      -46-

<PAGE>

                  (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with
         the provisions of Section 11.5 with respect to the Debt Securities of
         any series and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by
         the Company or by any such holder of Debt Securities; or

                  (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be
         adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Trustee or of
         its property shall be appointed, or any public officer shall take
         charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs

then, in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all
Debt Securities of such series and appoint a duly qualified successor trustee by
written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors of
the Company, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so
removed and one copy to the successor trustee so appointed, or, subject to the
provisions of Section 7.7, any holder of Debt Securities who has been a bona
fide holder of a Debt Security or Debt Securities of such series for at least
six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition
any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect
to all Debt Securities of such series and the appointment of a successor
trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem
proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a duly qualified successor
trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series.

         (c) The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Debt
Securities then Outstanding of any series may at any time remove the Trustee and
appoint a duly qualified successor trustee with respect to such series by
delivery to the Trustee so removed, to the successor trustee and to the Company
of the evidence provided for in Section 8.1 of the action in that regard taken
by holders of Debt Securities.

         (d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and any appointment of a
duly qualified successor trustee pursuant to any of the provisions of this
Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor
trustee as provided in Section 11.7.

         SECTION 11.7. Acceptance by successor Trustee.

         (a) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with
respect to all Debt Securities, every duly qualified successor trustee so
appointed under any of the methods herein provided shall execute, acknowledge
and deliver to its predecessor trustee and to the Company an instrument in
writing accepting such appointment hereunder and thereupon such successor
trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become fully vested
with the rights, powers, trusts, duties and obligations of its predecessor in
the trust hereunder with like effect as if originally named as Trustee herein.
The predecessor trustee shall, nevertheless, at the written request of the
successor trustee, pay over to the successor trustee all moneys at the time held
by it herein; and the Company and the predecessor trustee upon payment or
provision therefor of any amounts then due the predecessor trustee pursuant to
the provisions of Section 11.2, shall execute and deliver such instruments and
do such other things as may reasonably be required for more fully and certainly
vesting and confirming in the successor trustee all such rights, powers, trusts,
duties and obligations. The Company shall promptly give notice of the
appointment of such successor trustee to the holders of Debt Securities in the
manner and to the extent provided in subsection (c) of Section 11.10.

                                      -47-

<PAGE>

         (b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with
respect to the Debt Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company,
the predecessor trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Debt
Securities of such series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental
hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which
(i) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer
and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the predecessor trustee with respect to the Debt Securities
of such series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (ii)
if the predecessor trustee is not retiring with respect to all Debt Securities
of such series, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or
desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the
predecessor trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series as to
which the predecessor trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the
predecessor trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of
this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the
administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being
understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall
constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such
Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from
any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon
the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or
removal of the predecessor trustee shall become effective to the extent provided
therein and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the predecessor trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series to
which the appointment of such successor trustee relates; but, on request of the
Company or any successor trustee, such predecessor trustee upon payment of its
charges shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all
property and money held by such predecessor trustee hereunder with respect to
the Debt Securities of such series to which the appointment of such successor
trustee relates. Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall
execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and
confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred
to in this subsection (b) of this Section.

         SECTION 11.8. Successor to Trustee by merger or consolidation, etc. Any
corporation or national banking association into which the Trustee may be
merged, or with which it may be consolidated, or to which the Trustee transfers
all or substantially all of its corporate trust assets, or any corporation or
national banking association resulting from any merger or consolidation or
conversion to which the Trustee shall be a party, shall be the successor trustee
under this Indenture without the execution or filing of any instruments or any
further act on the part of any of the parties hereto.

         In case at the time such successor trustee shall succeed to the trusts
created by this Indenture any of the Debt Securities shall have been
authenticated but not delivered, any such successor trustee may adopt the
certificate of authentication of its predecessor trustee, and deliver such Debt
Securities so authenticated; and in case at that time any of the Debt Securities
shall not have been authenticated, any successor trustee may authenticate such
Debt Securities either in the name of any predecessor hereunder or in the name
of the successor trustee; and in all such cases such certificates shall have the
full force which it is anywhere in the Debt Securities or in this Indenture
provided that the certificate of authentication of the Trustee shall have;
provided, however, that the right to adopt the certificate of authentication of
any predecessor

                                      -48-

<PAGE>

trustee or authenticate Debt Securities in the name of any predecessor trustee
shall apply only to its successor or successors by merger, conversion or
consolidation.

         SECTION 11.9. Limitations on right of Trustee as a creditor to obtain
payment of certain claims. Reference is made to Section 311 of the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, for purposes of which the following terms
shall have the following meanings:

                  (i) the term "CASH TRANSACTION" shall mean any transaction in
         which full payment for goods or securities sold is made within seven
         days after delivery of the goods or securities in currency or in checks
         or other orders drawn upon banks or bankers and payable upon demand;
         and

                  (ii) the term "SELF-LIQUIDATING PAPER" shall mean any draft,
         bill of exchange, acceptance or obligation which is made, drawn,
         negotiated or incurred by the Company for the purpose of financing the
         purchase, processing, manufacturing, shipment, storage or sale of
         goods, wares or merchandise and which is secured by documents
         evidencing title to, possession of, or a lien upon, the goods, wares or
         merchandise or the receivables or proceeds arising from the sale of the
         goods, wares, or merchandise previously constituting the security,
         provided the security is received by the Trustee simultaneously with
         the creation of the creditor relationship with the Company arising from
         the making, drawing, negotiating or incurring of the draft, bill of
         exchange, acceptance or obligation.

         SECTION 11.10. Trustee to make annual report to holders of Debt
Securities - Trustee to make other reports to holders of Debt Securities -
holders of Debt Securities to whom reports to be transmitted. (a) The Trustee
shall, so long as any Debt Securities are Outstanding of any series with respect
to which it acts as Trustee, transmit to the holders of Debt Securities of such
series, any report which is required to be transmitted to the holders of Debt
Securities of such series pursuant to Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act
of 1939, as amended.

         (b) The Trustee shall, so long as any Debt Securities of any series
with respect to which it acts as Trustee shall be Outstanding, also transmit to
the holders of Debt Securities of such series, as hereinafter provided, within
the times hereinafter specified, a brief report with respect to the character
and amount of any advances (and if the Trustee elects so to state the
circumstances surrounding the making thereof) made by the Trustee, as such,
since the date of the last report transmitted pursuant to the provisions of
subsection (a) of this Section 11.10 (or if no such report has been so
transmitted, since the date of the execution of this Indenture), for the
reimbursement of which it claims or may claim a lien or charge prior to that of
the Debt Securities of such series, on property or funds held or collected by
the Trustee, as such, and which it has not previously reported pursuant to this
subsection (b), if such advances remaining unpaid at any time aggregate more
than 10% of the principal amount of the Debt Securities of such series then
Outstanding, such report to be so transmitted within 90 days after such time.

         (c) All reports required by this Section 11.10, and all other reports
or notices which are required by any other provision of this Indenture to be
transmitted in accordance with the provisions of this Section 11.10, shall be
transmitted by mail: (i) to all registered holders of Debt Securities of such
series, as the names and addresses of such holders appear upon the Debt

                                      -49-

<PAGE>

Security register; (ii) to such holders of Debt Securities of such series as
have, within the two years preceding such transmission, filed their names and
addresses with the Trustee for that purpose; and (iii) except in the case of
reports pursuant to subsection (b) of this Section 11.10, to all holders of Debt
Securities of such series whose names and addresses have been furnished to or
received by the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.6(d).

         (d) The Trustee shall, at the time of the transmission to the holders
of Debt Securities of any report or notice pursuant to this Section 11.10, file
a copy thereof with the Securities and Exchange commission. The Company will
notify the Trustee if and when the Debt Securities of any series become listed
on any stock exchange and the Trustee will thereafter file a copy of any such
report or notice with such stock exchange.

         SECTION 11.11. Preservation of information by Trustee - Trustee to give
certain information to holders of Debt Securities upon application. The Trustee
shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all
information furnished it pursuant to Section 4.6(d) hereof or received by it as
Debt Security registrar hereunder. The Trustee may destroy such information upon
receipt of new information updating information previously furnished.

         Within five Business Days after receipt by the Trustee or its designee
of a written application by any three or more holders of Debt Securities stating
that the applicants desire to communicate with other holders of Debt Securities
with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Debt Securities,
and accompanied by a copy of the form of proxy or other communication which such
applicants propose to transmit, and by reasonable proof that each such applicant
has owned a Debt Security or Debt Securities for a period of at least six months
preceding such application, the Trustee or its designee shall, at its election,
either (a) afford to such applicants access to all information so furnished to
or received by the Trustee or its designee and not destroyed pursuant to the
provisions of this Section 11.11, or (b) inform such applicants as to the
approximate number of holders of Debt Securities according to the most recent
information so furnished to or received by the Trustee or its designee, and as
to the approximate cost of mailing to the holders of Debt Securities the form of
proxy or other communication, if any, specified in such application. If the
Trustee or its designee shall elect not to afford to such applicants access to
such information, the Trustee or its designee shall, upon the written request of
such applicants, mail to all holders of Debt Securities whose names and
addresses are contained in the then current information filed with the Trustee
or its designee as aforesaid copies of the form of proxy or other communication
which is specified in such request, with reasonable promptness after a tender to
the Trustee or its designee of the material to be mailed and the payment, or
provision for the payment, of the reasonable expenses of such mailing, unless
within five Business Days after such tender, the Trustee or its designee shall
mail to such applicants, and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission,
together with a copy of the material to be mailed, a written statement to the
effect that, in the opinion of the Trustee or its designee, such mailing would
be contrary to the best interests of the holders of Debt Securities or would be
in violation of applicable law. Such written statement shall specify the basis
of such opinion. If the Securities and Exchange Commission, after granting
opportunity for a hearing upon the objections specified in said written
statement and on notice to the Trustee or its designee, shall enter an order
refusing to sustain any of such objections, or, if, after the entry of an order
sustaining one or more of such objections, the Securities and Exchange
Commission shall find, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, that all
objections sustained have been met

                                      -50-

<PAGE>

and shall enter an order so declaring, the Trustee or its designee shall mail
copies of such material to all such holders of Debt Securities with reasonable
promptness after such determination and the renewal of the aforesaid tender;
otherwise the Trustee or its designee shall be relieved of any obligation or
duty to such applicants respecting their application.

         Neither the Company, the Trustee or its designee nor any person acting
as Debt Security registrar or paying agent shall be liable or accountable to the
Company or to any holder of Debt Securities by reason of the disclosure of any
such information as to the names and addresses of holders of Debt Securities in
accordance with the provisions of this Section 11.11, regardless of the source
from which such information was derived, nor by reason of the mailing of any
material pursuant to a request made under this Section 11.11.

         SECTION 11.12. Trustee may hold Debt Securities and otherwise deal with
Company. The Trustee, the Debt Security registrar, any paying agent or any other
agent of the Company in its individual or any other capacity may buy, own, hold
and sell any of the Debt Securities or any other evidences of indebtedness or
other securities, whether heretofore or hereafter created or issued, of the
Company or any subsidiary or Affiliate with the same rights it would have if it
were not Trustee, Debt Security registrar, paying agent or such other agent; and
subject to the provisions of this Article XI, the Trustee may engage or be
interested in any financial or other transaction with the Company or any
subsidiary or Affiliate, including, without limitation, secured and unsecured
loans to the Company or any subsidiary or Affiliate; and may maintain any and
all other general banking and business relations with the Company and any
subsidiary or Affiliate with like effect and in the same manner and to the same
extent as if the Trustee were not a party to this Indenture; and no implied
covenant shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee in respect of any
such matters.

         SECTION 11.13. Trustee may comply with any rule, regulation or order of
the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Trustee may comply in good faith
with any rule, regulation or order of the Securities and Exchange Commission
made pursuant to the terms and provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and
shall be fully protected in so doing notwithstanding that such rule, regulation
or order may thereafter be amended or rescinded or determined by judicial or
other authority to be invalid for any reason, but nothing herein contained shall
require the Trustee to take any action or omit to take any action in accordance
with such rule, regulation or order, except as is in this Indenture otherwise
required.

         SECTION 11.14. Appointment of Authenticating Agent. The Trustee may
appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series of
Debt Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to
authenticate Debt Securities of such series issued upon exchange, registration
of transfer or partial redemption or partial conversion thereof, and if the
Trustee is required to appoint one or more Authenticating Agents with respect to
any series of Debt Securities, to authenticate Debt Securities of such series
and to take such other actions as are specified in Sections 2.4, 2.8, 2.11, 5.2
and 13.3, and Debt Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits
of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if
authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this
Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Debt Securities by the Trustee
or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed
to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf

                                      -51-

<PAGE>

of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent (except in respect of original issue
and Section 2.9). Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company
and shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the
laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of
Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent, having a
combined capital and surplus of not less than $1,000,000 and subject to
supervision or examination by Federal or State authority. If such Authenticating
Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to
the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then for the
purposes of this Section 11.14, the combined capital and surplus of such
Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as
set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section 11.14, such Authenticating Agent shall resign
immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section 11.14.

         Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or
corporate trust business of such Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an
Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible
under this Section 11.14, without the execution or filing of any paper or any
further act on the part of the Trustee or such Authenticating Agent.

         An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice or
resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section 11.14, the Trustee may appoint a successor
Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall provide
notice to the holders of the Debt Securities of the series as to which the
Authenticating Agent will serve as provided in Section 3.9. Any successor
Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become
vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with
like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor
Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of
this Section 11.14.

         The Trustee agrees to pay each Authenticating Agent from time to time
reasonable compensation for its services under this Section, and the Trustee
shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions
of Section 11.2.

         If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant
to this Section 11.14, the Debt Securities of such series may have endorsed
thereon, in addition to the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an
alternative certificate of authentication in the following form:

         This is one of the Debt Securities of the series designated therein
referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                     ___________________________, as Trustee

                                      -52-

<PAGE>

                           By:
                                    As Authenticating Agent

                           By:
                                      Authorized Officer

         If all of the Debt Securities of a series may not be originally issued
at one time, and if the Trustee does not have an office capable of
authenticating Debt Securities upon original issuance located where the Company
wishes to have Debt Securities of such series authenticated upon original
issuance, the Trustee, if so requested by the Company in writing (which writing
need not comply with Section 3.8 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of
Counsel), shall appoint in accordance with this Section 11.14 an Authenticating
Agent having an office in a place designated by the Company with respect to such
series of Debt Securities.

                                  ARTICLE XII

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

         SECTION 12.1. Company and Trustee may enter into supplemental indenture
for special purposes Without the consent of any of the holders of Debt
Securities, the Company, when authorized by resolution of its Board of
Directors, and, upon receipt of an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution
of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture, is
duly authorized by all necessary corporate action, constitutes the legal, valid
and binding obligation of the Company and is in compliance with applicable law,
the Trustee from time to time and at any time, subject to the conditions and
restrictions in this Indenture contained, may enter into an indenture or
indentures supplemental hereto in form satisfactory to the Trustee, which
thereafter shall form a part hereof, for any one or more of the following
purposes:

                  (a) to add to the covenants and agreements of the Company in
         this Indenture contained, other covenants and agreements thereafter to
         be observed for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of Debt
         Securities (and if such covenants and agreements are to be for the
         benefit of less than all series of Debt Securities, stating that such
         covenants and agreements are expressly being included solely for the
         benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein
         reserved to or conferred upon the Company; or

                  (b) to cure any ambiguity or to cure, correct or supplement
         any defect or inconsistent provision contained in this Indenture or in
         any supplemental indenture; or

                  (c) to make such provisions in regard to matters or questions
         arising under this Indenture which may be necessary or desirable, or
         otherwise change this Indenture in any manner which shall not adversely
         affect the interests of the holders of Debt Securities of any series;
         or

                                      -53-

<PAGE>

                  (d) to evidence the succession of another corporation to the
         Company, or successive successions, and the assumption by the successor
         corporation of the covenants, agreements and obligations of the Company
         pursuant to Article X and to provide for the adjustment of conversion
         rights pursuant to Section 13.7; or

                  (e) to establish the form or terms of the Debt Securities of
         any series as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 2.2; or

                  (f) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this
         Indenture, provided that, except as otherwise contemplated by Section
         2.2(11), any such change or elimination shall become effective only
         when there is no Debt Security outstanding of any series created prior
         thereto which is entitled to the benefit of such provision; or

                  (g) to add or change any of the provisions of this Indenture
         to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the
         issuance of Debt Securities in bearer form, registrable or not
         registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons, or
         to provide for uncertificated Debt Securities in addition to
         certificated Debt Securities (so long as any "REGISTRATION-REQUIRED
         OBLIGATION" within the meaning of Section 163(f)(2) of the Code is in
         registered form for purposes of the Code); or

                  (h) to amend or supplement any provision contained herein,
         which was required to be contained herein in order for this Indenture
         to be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, if the Trust
         Indenture Act of 1939 or regulations thereunder change what is so
         required to be included in qualified indentures, in any manner not
         inconsistent with what then may be required for such qualification; or

                  (i) to add any additional Events of Default (and if such
         Events of Default are to be applicable to less than all series of Debt
         Securities, stating that such Events of Default are expressly being
         included solely to be applicable to such series); or

                  (j) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge to the
         Trustee as security for the Debt Securities of one or more series any
         property or assets; or

                  (k) to add to or change any of the provisions of this
         Indenture as contemplated in Section 11.7(b);

and the Company hereby covenants that it will fully perform all the requirements
of any such supplemental indenture which may be in effect from time to time.
Nothing in this Article XII contained shall affect or limit the right or
obligation of the Company to execute and deliver to the Trustee any instrument
of further assurance or other instrument which elsewhere in this Indenture it is
provided shall be delivered to the Trustee.

         The Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of any such
supplemental indenture, make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations
which may be therein contained and accept the conveyance, transfer, assignment,
mortgage or pledge of any property thereunder, but the Trustee shall not be
obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture

                                      -54-

<PAGE>

which adversely affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under
this Indenture or otherwise.

         Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section
12.1 may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the
holders of any of the Debt Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding
any of the provisions of Section 12.2.

         SECTION 12.2. Modification of Indenture with consent of holders of Debt
Securities. With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 8.1) of the
holders of more than 50% in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities at
the time Outstanding of each series affected by such supplement, the Company
when authorized by a resolution of its Board of Directors, and the Trustee may
from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provision to or changing in
any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any
supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the holders
of such series of the Debt Securities; provided, however, that no such
supplemental indenture shall (i) extend the time or times of payment of the
principal of, premium, if any, or the interest on, any series of Debt
Securities, or reduce the principal amount of, premium, if any, or the rate of
interest on, any series of Debt Securities (and/or such other amount or amounts
as any Debt Securities or supplemental indentures with respect thereto may
provide to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity
thereof pursuant to Section 7.1) or change the currency of payment of principal
of, premium, if any, or interest on, any series of Debt Securities or reduce any
amount payable on redemption thereof or alter or impair the right to convert the
same at the rate and upon the terms provided in the Indenture or alter or impair
the right to require redemption at the option of the holder, without the consent
of the holder of each Debt Security so affected, or (ii) reduce the percentage
of Debt Securities of any series, the vote or consent of the holders of which is
required for such modifications and alterations, without the consent of the
holders of all Debt Securities then Outstanding of such series under the
Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no consent of the holders of Debt
Securities shall be necessary to permit the execution of supplemental indentures
pursuant to Section 13.7.

         Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by a copy of a resolution
of its Board of Directors certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary
of the Company authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and
upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of holders of Debt
Securities as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the
execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture
affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise, in which case the Trustee may, in its discretion, but shall not be
obligated, to enter into such supplemental indenture.

         It shall not be necessary for the consent of the holders of Debt
Securities under this Section 12.2 to approve the particular form of any
proposed supplemental indenture, but is shall be sufficient if such consent
shall approve the substance thereof.

         A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any provision of
this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one
or more particular series of Debt Securities, or which modifies the rights of
the holders of Debt Securities of such series with

                                      -55-

<PAGE>

respect to such provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the holders of Debt Securities of any other series.

         SECTION 12.3. Effect of supplemental indentures. Upon the execution of
any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article XII, this
Indenture shall be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance
therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties
and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders
of Debt Securities shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced
hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all
the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be
deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all
purposes.

         The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 11.1, may receive an
Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such supplemental indenture
complies with the provisions of this Article XII.

         SECTION 12.4. Supplemental indentures to conform to Trust Indenture
Act. Any supplemental indenture executed and delivered pursuant to the
provisions of this Article XII shall conform in all respects to the requirements
of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as then in effect.

         SECTION 12.5. Notation on or exchange of Debt Securities. If an
amendment, supplement or waiver changes the terms of a Debt Security of any
series, the Trustee may require the holder of the Debt Security to deliver it to
the Trustee. The Trustee may place an appropriate notation on the Debt Security
about the changed terms and return it to the holder. Alternatively, if the
Company or the Trustee so determines, the Company in exchange for the Debt
Security of any series shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate a new Debt
Security of such series that reflects the changed terms.

                                  ARTICLE XIII

                          CONVERSION OF DEBT SECURITIES

         SECTION 13.1. Applicability of Article. Debt Securities of any series
which are convertible into Capital Stock at the option of the holder of Debt
Securities shall be convertible in accordance with their terms and (unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2 for Debt Securities of any
series) in accordance with this Article. Each reference in this Article XIII to
"A DEBT SECURITY" or "THE DEBT SECURITIES" refers to the Debt Securities of the
particular series that is convertible into Capital Stock. Each reference in this
Article to "CAPITAL STOCK" into which Debt Securities of any series are
convertible refers to the class of Capital Stock into which the Debt Securities
of such series are convertible in accordance with their terms (as specified as
contemplated by Section 2.2). If more than one series of Debt Securities with
conversion privileges are outstanding at any time, the provisions of this
Article XIII shall be applied separately to each such series.

         SECTION 13.2. Right of holders of Debt Securities to convert Debt
Securities. Subject to and upon compliance with the terms of the Debt Securities
and the provisions of Section 5.7

                                      -56-

<PAGE>

and this Article XIII, at the option of the holder thereof, any series of Debt
Securities of any series of any authorized denomination, or any portion of the
principal amount thereof which is $1,000 or any integral multiple of $1,000,
may, at any time during the period specified in the Debt Securities of such
series, or in case such Debt Security or portion thereof shall have been called
for redemption, then in respect of such Debt Security or portion thereof until
and including, but not after (unless the Company shall default in payment due
upon the redemption thereof) the close of business on the date fixed for
redemption except that in the case of redemption at the option of the holder of
Debt Securities, if specified in the terms of such Debt Securities, such right
shall terminate upon receipt of written notice of the exercise of such option,
be converted into duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable
shares of the class of Preferred Stock or Common Stock, or combination thereof,
as specified in such Debt Security, at the conversion rate for each $1,000
principal amount of Debt Securities (such initial conversion rate reflecting an
initial conversion price specified in such Debt Security) in effect on the
conversion date, or, in case an adjustment in the conversion rate has taken
place pursuant to the provisions of Section 13.5, then at the applicable
conversion rate as so adjusted, upon surrender of the Debt Security or Debt
Securities, the principal amount of which is so to be converted, to the Company
at any time during usual business hours at the office or agency to be maintained
by it in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.2, accompanied by a written
notice of election to convert as provided in Section 13.3 and, if so required by
the Company and the Trustee, by a written instrument or instruments of transfer
in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by the
registered holder or his attorney duly authorized in writing. All Debt
Securities surrendered for conversion shall, if surrendered to the Company or
any conversion agent, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation and cancelled
by it, or shall, if surrendered to the Trustee, be cancelled by it, as provided
in Section 2.11.

         The initial conversion price or conversion rate in respect of a series
of Debt Securities shall be as specified in the Debt Securities of such series.
The conversion price or conversion rate will be subject to adjustment on the
terms set forth in Section 13.5 or such other or different terms, if any, as may
be specified by Section 2.2 for Debt Securities of such series. Provisions of
this Indenture that apply to conversion of all of a Debt Security also apply to
conversion of a portion of it.

         SECTION 13.3. Issuance of shares of Capital Stock on conversion. As
promptly as practicable after the surrender, as herein provided, of any series
of Debt Securities or Debt Securities for conversion, the Company shall deliver
or cause to be delivered at its said office or agency to or upon the written
order of the holder of the Debt Security or Debt Securities so surrendered a
certificate or certificates representing the number of duly authorized, validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable shares of Capital Stock into which such
Debt Security or Debt Securities may be converted in accordance with the terms
thereof and the provisions of this Article XIII. Prior to delivery of such
certificate or certificates, the Company shall require a written notice at its
said office or agency from the holder of the Debt Security or Debt Securities so
surrendered stating that the holder irrevocably elects to convert such Debt
Security or Debt Securities, or, if less than the entire principal amount
thereof is to be converted, stating the portion thereof to be converted. Such
notice shall also state the name or names (with address and social security or
other taxpayer identification number) in which said certificate or certificates
are to be issued. Such conversion shall be deemed to have been made at the time
that such Debt Security or Debt Securities shall have been surrendered for
conversion and such notice shall have

                                      -57-

<PAGE>

been received by the Company or the Trustee, the rights of the holder of such
Debt Security or Debt Securities as a holder of Debt Securities shall cease at
such time, the person or persons entitled to receive the shares of Capital Stock
upon conversion of such Debt Security or Debt Securities shall be treated for
all purposes as having become the record holder or holders of such shares of
Capital Stock at such time and such conversion shall be at the conversion rate
in effect at such time. In the case of any series of Debt Securities of any
series which is converted in part only, upon such conversion, the Company shall
execute and the Trustee or an Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and
deliver to the holder thereof, as requested by such holder, a new Debt Security
or Debt Securities of such series of authorized denominations in aggregate
principal amount equal to the unconverted portion of such Debt Security.

         If the last day on which a Debt Security may be converted is not a
Business Day in a place where a conversion agent is located, the Debt Security
may be surrendered to that conversion agent on the next succeeding day that is a
Business Day.

         The Company will not be required to deliver certificates for shares of
Capital Stock upon conversion while its stock transfer books are closed for a
meeting of stockholders or for the payment of dividends or for any other
purpose, but certificates for shares of Capital Stock shall be delivered as soon
as the stock transfer books shall again be opened.

         SECTION 13.4. No payment or adjustment for interest or dividends.
Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2 for Debt Securities of
such series, Debt Securities surrendered for conversion during the period from
the close of business on any regular record date (or special record date for
payment of defaulted interest) next preceding any interest payment date to the
opening of business on such interest payment date (except Debt Securities called
for redemption on a redemption date within such period) when surrendered for
conversion must be accompanied by payment of an amount equal to the interest
thereon which the registered holder is to receive on such interest payment date.
Payment of interest shall be made, as of such interest payment date or such
date, as the case may be, to the holder of record of the Debt Securities as of
such regular, or special record date, as applicable. Except where Debt
Securities surrendered for conversion must be accompanied by payment as
described above, no interest on converted Debt Securities will be payable by the
Company on any interest payment date subsequent to the date of conversion. No
other payment or adjustment for interest or dividends is to be made upon
conversion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon conversion of any series of Debt
Securities with original issue discount, the fixed number of shares of Capital
Stock into which such Debt Security is convertible delivered by the Company to
the holder thereof shall be applied, first, to pay the accrued original issue
discount attributable to the period from the date of issuance to the date of
conversion of such Debt Security, and, second, to pay the balance of the
principal amount of such Debt Security.

         SECTION 13.5. Adjustment of conversion rate. Unless otherwise specified
as contemplated by Section 2.2 for Debt Securities of such series, the
conversion rate for Debt Securities in effect at any time shall be subject to
adjustment as follows:

                  (a) In case the Company shall (i) declare a dividend or make a
         distribution on the class of Capital Stock into which Debt Securities
         of such series are convertible in shares of its Capital Stock, (ii)
         subdivide the outstanding shares of the class of Capital Stock into

                                      -58-

<PAGE>

         which Debt Securities of such series are convertible into a greater
         number of shares, (iii) combine the outstanding shares of the class of
         Capital Stock into which Debt Securities of such series are convertible
         into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issue by reclassification of
         the shares of the class of Capital Stock into which Debt Securities of
         such series are convertible (including any such reclassification in
         connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the
         continuing corporation) any shares, the conversion rate for the Debt
         Securities of such series in effect at the time of the record date for
         such dividend or distribution, or the effective date of such
         subdivision, combination or reclassification, shall be proportionately
         adjusted so that the holder of any series of Debt Securities of such
         series surrendered for conversion after such time shall be entitled to
         receive the number and kind of shares which he would have owned or have
         been entitled to receive had such Debt Security been converted
         immediately prior to such time. Similar adjustments shall be made
         whenever any event listed above shall occur.

                  (b) In case the Company shall fix a record date for the
         issuance of rights or warrants to all holders of the class of Capital
         Stock into which Debt Securities of such series are convertible
         entitling them (for a period expiring within 45 days after such record
         date) to subscribe for or purchase shares of such class of Capital
         Stock (or securities convertible into shares of such class of Capital
         Stock) at a price per share (or, in the case of a right or warrant to
         purchase securities convertible into such class of Capital Stock,
         having a conversion price per share, after adding thereto the exercise
         price, computed on the basis of the maximum number of shares of such
         class of Capital Stock issuable upon conversion of such convertible
         securities, per share of such class of Capital Stock, so issuable) less
         than the current market price per share of such class of Capital Stock
         (as defined in subsection (d) below) on the date on which such issuance
         was declared or otherwise announced by the Company (the "DETERMINATION
         DATE"), the number of shares of such class of Capital Stock into which
         each $1,000 principal amount of Debt Securities shall be convertible
         after such record date shall be determined by multiplying the number of
         shares of such class of Capital Stock into which such principal amount
         of Debt Securities was convertible immediately prior to such record
         date by a fraction, of which the numerator shall be the number of
         shares of such class of Capital Stock outstanding on the Determination
         Date plus the number of additional shares of such class of Capital
         Stock offered for subscription or purchase (or in the case of a right
         or warrant to purchase securities convertible into such class of
         Capital Stock, the aggregate number of additional shares of such class
         of Capital Stock into which the convertible securities so offered are
         initially convertible), and of which the denominator shall be the
         number of shares of such class of Capital Stock outstanding on the
         Determination Date plus the number of shares of such class of Capital
         Stock obtained by dividing the aggregate offering price of the total
         number of shares so offered (or, in the case of a right or warrant to
         purchase securities convertible into such class of Capital Stock, the
         aggregate initial conversion price of the convertible securities so
         offered, after adding thereto the aggregate exercise price of such
         rights or warrants computed on the basis of the maximum number of
         shares of such class of Capital Stock issuable upon conversion of such
         convertible securities) by such current market price. Shares of such
         class of Capital Stock of the Company owned by or held for the account
         of the Company shall not be deemed outstanding for the purpose of any
         such computation. Such

                                      -59-

<PAGE>

         adjustment shall be made successively whenever such a record date is
         fixed; and to the extent that shares of such class of Capital Stock are
         not delivered (or securities convertible into shares of such class of
         Capital Stock are not delivered) after the expiration of such rights or
         warrants (or, in the case of rights or warrants to purchase securities
         convertible into such class of Capital Stock once exercised, the
         expiration of the conversion right of such securities) the conversion
         rate shall be readjusted to the conversion rate which would then be in
         effect had the adjustments made upon the issuance of such rights or
         warrants (or securities convertible into shares) been made upon the
         basis of delivery of only the number of shares actually delivered. In
         the event that such rights or warrants are not so issued, the
         conversion rate shall again be adjusted to the conversion rate which
         would then be in effect if such record date had not been fixed.

                  (c) In case the Company shall fix a record date for the making
         of a distribution to all holders of the class of Capital Stock into
         which Debt Securities of such series are convertible (including any
         such distribution made in connection with a consolidation or merger in
         which the Company is the continuing corporation) of evidences of its
         indebtedness or assets (excluding any cash dividends paid from retained
         earnings and dividends payable in Capital Stock for which adjustment is
         made pursuant to subsection (a) above) or subscription rights or
         warrants (excluding subscription rights or warrants to purchase the
         class of Capital Stock into which Debt Securities of such series are
         convertible), the number of shares of such class of Capital Stock into
         which each $1,000 principal amount of Debt Securities of such series
         shall be convertible after such record date shall be determined by
         multiplying the number of shares of such class of Capital Stock into
         which such principal amount of Debt Securities was convertible
         immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, of which the
         numerator shall be the fair market value of the assets of the Company,
         after deducting therefrom all liabilities of the Company and all
         preferences (including accrued but unpaid dividends) in respect of
         classes of Capital Stock having a preference with respect to the assets
         of the Company over such class of Capital Stock (all as determined by
         the Board of Directors, whose determination shall be conclusive, and
         described in a certificate signed by any Chairmen of the Board,
         President or any Vice President (regardless of Vice Presidential
         designation) and the Chief Financial Officer or Treasurer of the
         Company, filed with the Trustee and each conversion agent) on such
         record date, and of which the denominator shall be such fair market
         value after deducting therefrom such liabilities and preferences, less
         the fair market value (as determined by the Board of Directors, whose
         determination shall be conclusive, and described in a statement filed
         with the Trustee and each conversion agent) of the assets or evidences
         of indebtedness, so distributed or of such subscription rights or
         warrants applicable, so distributed. Such adjustment shall be made
         successively whenever such a record date is fixed; and in the event
         that such distribution is not so made, the conversion rate shall again
         be adjusted to the conversion rate which would then be in effect if
         such record date had not been fixed.

                  (d) For the purpose of any computation under subsection (b)
         above and Section 13.6, the current market price per share of the
         Capital Stock on any date as of which such price is to be computed
         shall mean the average of the Closing Prices for the 30 consecutive
         Business Days commencing 45 Business Days before such date.

                                      -60-

<PAGE>

                  (e) No adjustment in the conversion rate shall be required
         unless such adjustment would require a cumulative increase or decrease
         of at least 1% in such rate; provided, however, that any adjustments
         which by reason of this subsection (e) are not required to be made
         shall be carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent
         adjustment, and provided, further, that adjustments shall be required
         and made in accordance with the provisions of this Article XIII (other
         than this subsection (e)) not later than such time as may be required
         in order to preserve the tax-free nature of a distribution for United
         States income tax purposes to the holders of Debt Securities or the
         class of Capital Stock into which such Debt Securities are convertible.
         All calculations under this Article XIII shall be made to the nearest
         cent or to the nearest one-thousandth of a share, as the case may be.
         Anything in this Section 13.5 to the contrary notwithstanding, the
         Company shall be entitled to make such adjustments in the conversion
         rate, in addition to those required by this Section 13.5, as it in its
         discretion shall determine to be advisable in order that any stock
         dividend, subdivision of shares, distribution of rights to purchase
         stock or securities, or distribution of securities convertible into or
         exchangeable for stock hereafter made by the Company to its
         stockholders shall not be taxable for United States income tax
         purposes.

                  (f) Whenever the conversion rate is adjusted, as herein
         provided, the Company shall promptly file with the Trustee and with the
         office or agency maintained by the Company for the conversion of Debt
         Securities of such series pursuant to Section 4.2, a certificate of a
         firm of independent public accountants of recognized national standing
         selected by the Board of Directors (who may be the regular accountants
         employed by the Company) setting forth the conversion rate after such
         adjustment and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring
         such adjustment and a computation thereof. Such certificate shall be
         conclusive evidence of the correctness of such adjustment. Neither the
         Trustee nor any conversion agent shall be under any duty or
         responsibility with respect to any such certificate or any facts or
         computations set forth therein, except to exhibit said certificate from
         time to time to any holder of Debt Securities of such series desiring
         to inspect the same. The Company shall promptly cause a notice setting
         forth the adjusted conversion rate to be mailed to the holders of Debt
         Securities of such series, as their names and addresses appear upon the
         registration books of the Company.

                  (g) In the event that at any time, as a result of shares of
         any other class of Capital Stock becoming issuable in exchange or
         substitution for or in lieu of shares of the class of Capital Stock
         into which such Debt Securities are convertible or as a result of an
         adjustment made pursuant to subsection (a) above, the holder of any
         series of Debt Securities of such series thereafter surrendered for
         conversion shall become entitled to receive any shares of the Company
         other than shares of the class of Capital Stock into which the Debt
         Securities of such series are convertible, thereafter the number of
         such other shares so receivable upon conversion of any series of Debt
         Securities shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in a manner
         and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with
         respect to the class of Capital Stock into which the Debt Securities of
         such series are convertible contained in subsections (a) to (f),
         inclusive, above, and the provisions of this Article XIII with respect
         to the class of Capital Stock into which the Debt Securities of such
         series are convertible shall apply on like terms to any such other
         shares.

                                      -61-

<PAGE>

                  (h) The conversion rate with respect to any Debt Securities
         with original issue discount, the terms of which provide for
         convertibility, shall not be adjusted during the term of such Original
         Issue Discount Securities for accrued original issue discount.

                  (i) In the event that the Debt Securities of any series are
         convertible into more than one class of Capital Stock, the provisions
         of this Section 13.5 shall apply separately to events affecting each
         such class.

         SECTION 13.6. No fractional shares to be issued. No fractional shares
of Capital Stock shall be issued upon conversions of Debt Securities. If more
than one Debt Security of any series shall be surrendered for conversion at one
time by the same holder, the number of full shares which shall be issuable upon
conversion thereof shall be computed on the basis of the aggregate principal
amount of Debt Securities of such series (or specified portions thereof to the
extent permitted hereby) so surrendered. Instead of a fraction of a share of
Capital Stock which would otherwise be issuable upon conversion of any series of
Debt Securities or Debt Securities (or specified portions thereof), the Company
shall pay a cash adjustment in respect of such fraction of a share in an amount
equal to the same fractional interest of the current market price (as defined in
Section 13.5) per share of Capital Stock on the Business Day next preceding the
day of conversion.

         SECTION 13.7. Preservation of conversion rights upon consolidation,
merger, sale or conveyance. In case of any consolidation of the Company with, or
merger of the Company into, any other corporation (other than a consolidation or
merger in which the Company is the continuing corporation), or in the case of
any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company,
the corporation formed by such consolidation or the corporation into which the
Company shall have been merged or the corporation which shall have acquired such
assets, as the case may be, shall execute and deliver to the Trustee, a
supplemental indenture, subject to the provisions of Article X and XII as they
relate to supplemental indentures, providing that the holder of each Debt
Security then Outstanding of a series which was convertible into Capital Stock
shall have the right thereafter to convert such Debt Security into the kind and
amount of shares of stock and other securities and property, including amount of
shares of stock and other securities and property, including cash, receivable
upon such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer by a holder of the number of
shares of Capital Stock of the Company into which such Debt Securities might
have been converted immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale or
transfer. Such supplemental indenture shall conform to the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as then in effect and shall provide for adjustments
which shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments
which shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments
provided for in this Article XIII. Neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent
shall be under any responsibility to determine the correctness of any provision
contained in any such supplemental indenture relating either to the kind or
amount of shares of stock or other securities or property receivable by holders
of Debt Securities upon the conversion of their Debt Securities after any such
consolidation, merger, sale or transfer, or to any adjustment to be made with
respect thereto and, subject to the provisions of Section 11.1, may accept as
conclusive evidence of the correctness of any such provisions, and shall be
protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel with respect thereto. If in the
case of any such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer, the stock or other
securities and property receivable by a holder of the Debt Securities includes
stock or other securities and property of a

                                      -62-

<PAGE>

corporation other than the successor or purchasing corporation, then such
supplemental indenture shall also be executed by such other corporation and
shall contain such additional provisions to protect the interests of the holders
of the Debt Securities as the Board of Directors shall reasonably consider
necessary. The above provisions of this Section 13.7 shall similarly apply to
successive consolidations, mergers, sales or transfers.

         SECTION 13.8. Notice to holders of Debt Securities of a series prior to
taking certain types of action. With respect to the Debt Securities of any
series, in case:

                  (a) the Company shall authorize the issuance to all holders of
         the class of Capital Stock into which Debt Securities of such series
         are convertible of rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase
         shares of its Capital Stock or of any other right:

                  (b) the Company shall authorize the distribution to all
         holders of the class of Capital Stock into which Debt Securities of
         such series are convertible of evidences of its indebtedness or assets
         (except for the exclusions with respect to certain dividends set forth
         in Section 13.5(c));

                  (c) of any subdivision, combination or reclassification of the
         class of Capital Stock into which Debt Securities of such series are
         convertible or of any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a
         party and for which approval by the stockholders of the Company is
         required, or of the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the
         assets of the Company; or

                  (d) of the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation
         or winding up of the Company;

then the Company shall cause to be filed with the Trustee and at the office or
agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of Debt Securities of such
series pursuant to Section 4.2, and shall cause to be mailed to the holders of
Debt Securities of such series, at their last addresses as they shall appear
upon the registration books of the Company, at least ten days prior to the
applicable record date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (i) the date as
of which the holders of such class of Capital Stock to be entitled to receive
any such rights, warrants or distribution are to be determined, or (ii) the date
on which any such subdivision, combination, reclassification, consolidation,
merger, sale, transfer, dissolution, liquidation, winding up or other action is
expected to become effective, and the date as of which it is expected that
holders of record of such class of Capital Stock shall be entitled to exchange
their Capital Stock of such class for securities or other property, if any,
deliverable upon such subdivision, combination, reclassification, consolidation,
merger, sale, transfer, dissolution, liquidation, winding up or other action.
The failure to give the notice required by this Section 13.8 or any defect
therein shall not affect the legality or validity of any distribution, right,
warrant, subdivision, combination, reclassification, consolidation, merger,
sale, transfer, dissolution, liquidation, winding up or other action, or the
vote upon any of the foregoing. Such notice shall also be published by and at
the expense of the Company not later than the aforesaid filing date at least
once in an Authorized Newspaper.

                                      -63-

<PAGE>

         SECTION 13.9. Covenant to reserve shares for issuance on conversion of
Debt Securities. The Company covenants that at all times it will reserve and
keep available out of each class of its authorized Capital Stock, free from
preemptive rights, solely for the purpose of issue upon conversion of Debt
Securities of any series as herein provided, such number of shares of Capital
Stock of such class as shall then be issuable upon the conversion of all
Outstanding Debt Securities of such series. The Company covenants that all
shares of Capital Stock which shall be so issuable shall, when issued or
delivered, be duly and validly issued shares of the class of authorized Capital
Stock into which Debt Securities of such series are convertible, and shall be
fully paid and nonassessable, free of all liens and charges and not subject to
preemptive rights and that, upon conversion, the appropriate capital stock
accounts of the Company will be duly credited.

         SECTION 13.10. Compliance with governmental requirements. The Company
covenants that if any shares of Capital Stock required to be reserved for
purposes of conversion of Debt Securities hereunder require registration or
listing with or approval of any governmental authority under any Federal or
State law, pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities
Exchange Act, or any national or regional securities exchange on which such
Capital Stock is listed at the time of delivery of any shares of such Capital
Stock, before such shares may be issued upon conversion, the Company will use
its best efforts to cause such shares to be duly registered, listed or approved,
as the case may be.

         SECTION 13.11. Payment of taxes upon certificates for shares issued
upon conversion. The issuance of certificates for shares of Capital Stock upon
the conversion of Debt Securities shall be made without charge to the converting
holders of Debt Securities for any tax (including, without limitation, all
documentary and stamp taxes) in respect of the issuance and delivery of such
certificates, and such certificates shall be issued in the respective names of,
or in such names as may be directed by, the holders of the Debt Securities
converted; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay any
tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issuance and
delivery of any such certificate in a name other than that of the holder of the
Debt Security converted, and the Company shall not be required to issue or
deliver such certificates unless or until the person or persons requesting the
issuance thereof shall have paid to the Company the amount of such tax or shall
have established to the satisfaction of the Company that such tax has been paid.

         SECTION 13.12. Trustee's duties with respect to conversion provisions.
The Trustee and any conversion agent shall not at any time be under any duty or
responsibility to any holder of Debt Securities to determine whether any facts
exist which may require any adjustment of the conversion rate, or with respect
to the nature or extent of any such adjustment when made, or with respect to the
method employed, or herein or in any supplemental indenture provided to be
employed, in making the same. Neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall
be accountable with respect to the registration under securities laws, listing,
validity or value (or the kind or amount) of any shares of Capital Stock, or of
any other securities or property, which may at any time be issued or delivered
upon the conversion of any series of Debt Securities; and neither the Trustee
nor any conversion agent makes any representation with respect thereto. Neither
the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall be responsible for any failure of the
Company to make any cash payment or to issue, transfer or deliver any shares of
stock or stock certificates or other securities or property upon the surrender
of any series of Debt Securities for the purpose

                                      -64-

<PAGE>

of conversion; and the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 11.1, and
any conversion agent shall not be responsible for any failure of the Company to
comply with any of the covenants of the Company contained in this Article XIII.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed, all as of the day and year first above written.

                                    WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

                                    By:
                                       -----------------------------------------
                                       Name:
                                       Title:

Attest:
       ----------------------------
        Name:
        Title:

                                                                            , as
                                       -------------------------------------
                                       Trustee

                                    By:
                                       ----------------------------------------
                                       Name:
                                       Title:

Attest:
       ----------------------------
        Name:
        Title:

                                      -65-

<PAGE>

STATE OF NEW YORK         )
                          )   ss.:
COUNTY OF _______________ )

         On the ____ day of ____________, ____, before me personally came
__________, to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that he
resides at _______________________________________: that he is _________________
of WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC., a Delaware corporation, the corporation described
in and which executed the above instrument; that he knows the corporate seal of
said corporation; that the seal affixed to the said instrument is such corporate
seal; that it was so affixed by authority of the Board of Directors of said
corporation; and that he signed his name thereto by like authority.

[NOTARIAL SEAL]

                                      -66-

<PAGE>

STATE OF ________________  )
                           )   ss.:
COUNTY OF _______________  )

         On the _____ day of ________________, ____, before me personally came
______________ to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that
he or she resides at _________________, that he or she is ______________________
of _____________________________, a __________ banking corporation described in
and which executed the above instrument; that she knows the seal of said
corporation; that the seal affixed to the said instrument is such seal; that it
was so affixed by authority of the Board of Directors of said corporation; and
that he or she signed his or her name thereto by like authority.
[NOTARIAL SEAL]

                                      -67-

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