Document:

Exhibit
10.3

 

REGISTRATION
RIGHTS AGREEMENT

 

THIS
REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of April 6, 2021, is made and entered into
by and among: (i) New Providence Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation (“NPA”); (ii) New Providence
Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”); and (iii) the Persons identified
as AST Equityholders on the signature pages hereto (collectively, the “AST Equityholders” and together
with the Sponsor and any person or entity who hereafter becomes a party to this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.2 of this
Agreement, a “Holder” and collectively the “Holders”).

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS,
NPA has entered into that certain Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2020 (as the same may be amended, restated,
amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Purchase Agreement”),
by and among NPA, Sponsor, AST & Science LLC (“AST”), certain of the AST Equityholders and the Existing
Equityholder representatives (as defined therein), pursuant to which and subject to the terms and conditions contained therein
(i) the Company will reclassify the Existing Company Units (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) held by the AST Equityholders
into new Common Units (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) and (ii) NPA will contribute to AST the Closing Date Contribution
Amount (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) and, in consideration thereof, AST will issue to NPA 51,729,704 common units in
AST (the “Common Units”) (collectively, the “Transactions”);

 

WHEREAS,
concurrently with the consummation of the Transactions, NPA will be renamed “AST SpaceMobile Inc.” (NPA, following
the consummation of the Transactions, the “Company”);

 

WHEREAS,
pursuant to the amended and restated its certificate of incorporation of the Company (such amended and restated certificate of
incorporation, as the same may be amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified form time, the “Company
Certificate of Incorporation”), the Company is authorized to issue the following classes of stock: (A) Class A Common
Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”), (B) Class B Common Stock, par value
$0.0001 per share, and (C) Class C Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share;

 

WHEREAS,
following the consummation of the Transactions, AST has provided the AST Equityholders with a redemption right pursuant to which
the AST Equityholders may redeem their Common Units for cash or, at the Company’s option, exchange Common Units for an equal
number of shares of Class A Common Stock upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Fifth Amended and Restated
Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of AST (as the same may be amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented
or otherwise modified from time to time, the “AST LLC Agreement”) and the Company Certificate of Incorporation;
and

 

WHEREAS,
in connection with the consummation of the transactions described above, the Company and the Holders desire to enter into this
Agreement, pursuant to which the Company shall grant the Holders certain registration rights with respect to the Registrable Securities
(as defined below) on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.

 

NOW,
THEREFORE, in consideration of the representations, covenants and agreements contained herein, and certain other good and
valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally
bound, hereby agree as follows:

 

    	 

     

    

 

Article
I

DEFINITIONS

 

1.1
Definitions. The terms defined in this Article I shall, for all purposes of this Agreement, have the respective meanings
set forth below:

 

“Additional
Registrable Security” shall mean (i) any shares of Class A Common Stock issued by the Company to a Holder in connection
with the redemption by a Holder of Common Units owned by any Holder and (ii) any other equity security of the Company or any of
its subsidiaries issued or issuable with respect to any securities referenced in clause (i) above by way of a stock dividend or
stock split or in connection with a recapitalization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, reorganization or similar transaction.

 

“Adverse
Disclosure” shall mean any public disclosure of material non-public information, which disclosure, in the good faith
judgment of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company or the Board, after consultation with counsel to the Company, (i) would
be required to be made in any Registration Statement or Prospectus in order for the applicable Registration Statement or Prospectus
not to contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements contained
therein (in the case of any prospectus and any preliminary prospectus, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made) not misleading, (ii) would not be required to be made at such time if the Registration Statement were not being filed, declared
effective or used, as the case may be, and (iii) the Company has a bona fide business purpose for not making such information
public.

 

“Action”
shall mean any claim, action, suit, audit, examination, assessment, arbitration, mediation or inquiry, or any proceeding or investigation,
by or before any Governmental Authority.

 

“Agreement”
shall have the meaning given in the Preamble hereto.

 

“AST
Equityholders” shall have the meaning given in the Preamble hereto.

 

“AST
LLC Agreement” shall have the meaning given in the Recitals hereto.

 

“Board”
shall mean the board of directors of the Company.

 

“Block
Trade” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.4.1.

 

“Class
A Common Stock” shall have the meaning given in the Recitals hereto.

 

“Closing”
shall have the meaning given in the Purchase Agreement.

 

“Closing
Date” shall have the meaning given in the Purchase Agreement.

 

“Commission”
shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Common
Units” shall have the meaning given in the Recitals hereto.

 

“Company”
shall have the meaning given in the Preamble hereto and includes the Company’s successors by recapitalization, merger, consolidation,
spin-off, reorganization or similar transaction.

 

“Company
Certificate of Incorporation” shall have the meaning given in the Recitals hereto.

 

“Demanding
Holder” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.5.

 

    	2

     

    

 

“Exchange
Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as it may be amended from time to time.

 

“FINRA”
shall mean the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Inc.

 

“Form
S-1 Shelf” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.1.

 

“Form
S-3 Shelf” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.1.

 

“Governmental
Authority” shall mean any federal, state, provincial, municipal, local or foreign government, governmental authority,
regulatory or administrative agency (which for the purposes of this Agreement shall include FINRA and the Commission), governmental
commission, department, board, bureau, agency or instrumentality, court or tribunal.

 

“Governmental
Order” shall mean any order, judgment, injunction, decree, writ, stipulation, determination or award, in each case,
entered by or with any Governmental Authority.

 

“Holder
Information” shall have the meaning given in Section 4.1.2.

 

“Holders”
shall have the meaning given in the Preamble hereto, for so long as such person or entity holds any Registrable Securities.

 

“Initial
Registrable Security” shall mean (i) any outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock held by a Holder immediately
following the Closing, (ii) any shares of Class A Common Stock that may be acquired by Holders upon the exercise of a warrant
or other right to acquire Class A Common Stock held by a Holder immediately following the Closing, (iii) any outstanding shares
of Class A Common Stock or warrants to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock (including any shares of Class A Common Stock issued
or issuable upon the exercise of any such warrant) of the Company acquired by a Holder following the date hereof to the extent
that such securities are “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) or are otherwise held by an “affiliate”
(as defined in Rule 144) of the Company, and (iv) any other equity security of the Company or any of its subsidiaries issued or
issuable with respect to any securities referenced in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above by way of a stock dividend or stock split
or in connection with a recapitalization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, reorganization or similar transaction.

 

“Issuer
Shelf Registration Statement” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.2.

 

“Law”
shall mean any statute, law, ordinance, rule, regulation or Governmental Order, in each case, of any Governmental Authority.

 

“Lock-up
Period” shall have the meaning given in the Stockholders Agreement.

 

“Maximum
Number of Securities” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.6.

 

“Minimum
Block Threshold” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.4.1.

 

“Minimum
Takedown Threshold” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.5.

 

“Misstatement”
shall mean an untrue statement of a material fact or an omission to state a material fact required to be stated in a Registration
Statement or Prospectus or necessary to make the statements in a Registration Statement or Prospectus (in the case of a Prospectus,
in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading.

 

    	3

     

    

 

“Permitted
Transferees” shall mean any person or entity to whom a Holder of Registrable Securities is permitted to transfer
such Registrable Securities prior to the expiration of the Lock-up Period pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement.

 

“Piggyback
Registration” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.2.1.

 

“Primary
Shares” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.2.

 

“Prospectus”
shall mean the prospectus included in any Registration Statement, as supplemented by any and all prospectus supplements and as
amended by any and all post-effective amendments and including all material incorporated by reference in such prospectus.

 

“Purchase
Agreement” shall have the meaning given in the Recitals hereto.

 

“Registrable
Security” shall mean collectively the Initial Registrable Securities and the Additional Registrable Securities;
provided, however, that, as to any particular Registrable Security, such securities shall cease to be Registrable
Securities upon the earliest to occur of: (i) a Registration Statement with respect to the sale of such securities shall have
become effective under the Securities Act and such securities shall have been sold, transferred, disposed of or exchanged in accordance
with such Registration Statement by the applicable Holder; (ii) such securities shall have been otherwise transferred, new certificates
for such securities not bearing a legend restricting further transfer shall have been delivered by the Company and subsequent
public distribution of such securities shall not require registration under the Securities Act; (iii) such securities shall have
ceased to be outstanding; (iv) such securities may be sold without registration pursuant to Rule 144 or any successor rule promulgated
under the Securities Act (but without the requirement to comply with any volume limitations); and (v) such securities have been
sold to, or through, a broker, dealer or underwriter in a public distribution or other public securities transaction. For the
avoidance of doubt, while Common Units may constitute Registrable Securities, under no circumstances shall the Company be obligated
to register Common Units, and only shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon redemption or exchange of Common Units will be
registered.

 

“Registration”
shall mean a registration, including any related Shelf Takedown, effected by preparing and filing a registration statement, prospectus
or similar document in compliance with the requirements of the Securities Act, and the applicable rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder, and such registration statement becoming effective.

 

“Registration
Expenses” shall mean the expenses of a Registration, including, without limitation, the following:

 

(A)
all registration and filing fees (including fees with respect to filings required to be made with FINRA) and any national securities
exchange on which the Class A Common Stock is then listed;

 

(B)
fees and expenses of compliance with securities or blue sky laws (including reasonable fees and disbursements of outside counsel
for the Underwriters in connection with blue sky qualifications of Registrable Securities);

 

(C)
printing, messenger, telephone and delivery expenses;

 

(D)
reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company;

 

(E)
reasonable fees and disbursements of all independent registered public accountants of the Company incurred specifically in connection
with such Registration; and

 

(F)
reasonable fees and expenses of one legal counsel selected by the majority-in-interest of the Demanding Holders in an Underwritten
Offering.

 

    	4

     

    

 

“Registration
Statement” shall mean any registration statement that covers Registrable Securities pursuant to the provisions of
this Agreement, including any Shelf, and, in each case, including the Prospectus included in such registration statement, amendments
(including post-effective amendments) and supplements to such registration statement, and all exhibits to and all material incorporated
by reference in such registration statement.

 

“Requesting
Holders” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.6.

 

“Restricted
Shares” shall mean shares of Class A Common Stock issued under an Issuer Shelf Registration Statement which if sold
by the holder thereof would constitute “restricted securities” as defined under Rule 144 when acquired by a transferee.

 

“Rule
144” shall mean Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, as amended from time to time, or any similar successor
rule thereto that may be promulgated by the Commission.

 

“Rule
415” shall mean Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, as amended from time to time, or any similar successor
rule thereto that may be promulgated by the Commission.

 

“Securities
Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time.

 

“Shelf”
shall mean the Form S-1 Shelf, the Form S-3 Shelf, any Issuer Shelf Registration Statement or any Subsequent Shelf Registration,
as the case may be.

 

“Shelf
Registration” shall mean a registration of securities pursuant to a registration statement filed with the Commission
in accordance with and pursuant to Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act (or any successor rule then in effect).

 

“Shelf
Takedown” shall mean an Underwritten Shelf Takedown or any proposed transfer or sale using a Registration Statement,
including a Piggyback Registration.

 

“Sponsor”
shall have the meaning given in the Preamble hereto.

 

“Stockholders
Agreement” shall mean the Stockholders Agreement of the Company, dated as of April 6, 2021, by and among the Company
and the AST Equityholders, as the same may be amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from
time to time.

 

“Subsequent
Shelf Registration” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.3.

 

“Total
Limit” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.5.

 

“Transactions”
shall have the meaning given in the Recitals hereto.

 

“Transfer”
shall mean the (i) sale of, offer to sell, contract or agreement to sell, hypothecate, pledge, grant of any option to purchase
or otherwise dispose of or agreement to dispose of, directly or indirectly, or establishment or increase of a put equivalent position
or liquidation with respect to or decrease of a call equivalent position within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act
with respect to, any security, (ii) entry into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any
of the economic consequences of ownership of any security, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of such securities,
in cash or otherwise, or (iii) public announcement of any intention to effect any transaction specified in clause (i) or (ii).

 

    	5

     

    

 

“Underwriter”
shall mean a securities dealer who purchases any Registrable Securities as principal and not as part of such dealer’s market-making
activities.

 

“Underwritten
Lock-Up Period” shall have the meaning given in Section 3.4.3.

 

“Underwritten
Offering” shall mean a Registration in which securities of the Company are sold to an Underwriter in a firm commitment
underwriting for distribution to the public.

 

“Underwritten
Shelf Takedown” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.5.

 

“Withdrawal
Notice” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.7.

 

“Yearly
Limit” shall have the meaning given in Section 2.1.5.

 

Article
II

REGISTRATIONS AND OFFERINGS

 

2.1
Shelf Registration.

 

2.1.1
Filing. The Company shall file within 90 days of the Closing Date, and use commercially reasonable efforts to cause to
be declared effective as soon as practicable thereafter, a Registration Statement for a Shelf Registration on Form S-1 (the “Form
S-1 Shelf”) or, if the Company is eligible to use a Registration Statement on Form S-3, a Shelf Registration on
Form S-3 (the “Form S-3 Shelf”), in each case, covering the resale of all the Initial Registrable Securities
(determined as of two business days prior to such filing) on a delayed or continuous basis. Such Shelf shall provide for the resale
of the Registrable Securities included therein pursuant to any method or combination of methods legally available to, and requested
by, any Holder named therein. Subject to Sections 2.1.3 and 3.4, the Company shall maintain a Shelf in accordance
with the terms hereof, and shall prepare and file with the SEC such amendments, including post-effective amendments, and supplements
as may be necessary to keep a Shelf continuously effective, available for use and in compliance with the provisions of the Securities
Act until such time as there are no longer any Registrable Securities. In the event the Company files a Form S-1 Shelf, the Company
shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to convert the Form S-1 Shelf (and any Subsequent Shelf Registration) to a Form
S-3 Shelf as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company is eligible to use Form S-3.

 

2.1.2
Issuer Shelf Registration. The Company shall file within nine months of the Closing Date, and use commercially reasonable
efforts to cause to be declared effective as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter, a Registration Statement on an appropriate
form covering issuance and resale of the Additional Registrable Securities on a delayed or continuous basis (an “Issuer
Shelf Registration Statement”). Such Shelf shall provide for (i) the issuance by the Company, from time to time,
to the Holders of Common Units, of shares of Class A Common Stock registered under the Securities Act in connection with the redemption
thereof (the “Primary Shares”) and (ii) to the extent such Primary Shares constitute Restricted Shares,
the registered resale of such Class A Common Stock by their Holders from time to time in accordance with the methods of distribution
elected by the Holders and set forth therein. Subject to Sections 2.1.3 and 3.4, the Company shall maintain an Issuer
Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with the terms hereof, and shall prepare and file with the SEC such amendments, including
post-effective amendments, and supplements as may be necessary to keep an Issuer Shelf Registration Statement continuously effective,
available for use and in compliance with the provisions of the Securities Act until such time as there are no longer any Additional
Registrable Securities to be issued that are subject to such Issuer Shelf Registration Statement. In the event the Company files
a Form S-1 Shelf, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to convert the Form S-1 Shelf (and any Subsequent
Shelf Registration) to a Form S-3 Shelf as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company is eligible to use Form S-3. If the
Company shall exercise its rights under this Section 2.1.2, Holders shall have no right to have shares of Class A Common
Stock issued or issuable upon exchange of Common Units included in a Shelf pursuant to Section 2.1.1.

 

    	6

     

    

 

2.1.3
Subsequent Shelf Registration. If any Shelf ceases to be effective under the Securities Act for any reason at any time
while Registrable Securities are still outstanding, the Company shall, subject to Section 3.4, use its commercially reasonable
efforts to as promptly as is reasonably practicable cause such Shelf to again become effective under the Securities Act (including
obtaining the prompt withdrawal of any order suspending the effectiveness of such Shelf), and shall use its commercially reasonable
efforts to as promptly as is reasonably practicable amend such Shelf in a manner reasonably expected to result in the withdrawal
of any order suspending the effectiveness of such Shelf or file an additional registration statement as a Shelf Registration (a
“Subsequent Shelf Registration” with such Subsequent Shelf Registration to constitute a Shelf or an
Issuer Registration Statement, as the case may be, hereunder) registering the resale of all Registrable Securities (determined
as of two business days prior to such filing), and pursuant to any method or combination of methods legally available to, and
requested by, any Holder named therein. If a Subsequent Shelf Registration is filed, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable
efforts to (i) cause such Subsequent Shelf Registration to become effective under the Securities Act as promptly as is reasonably
practicable after the filing thereof (it being agreed that the Subsequent Shelf Registration shall be an automatic shelf registration
statement (as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act) if the Company is a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined
in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act) at the most recent applicable eligibility determination date) and (ii) keep
such Subsequent Shelf Registration continuously effective, available for use and in compliance with the provisions of the Securities
Act until such time as there are no longer any Registrable Securities. Any such Subsequent Shelf Registration shall be on Form
S-3 to the extent that the Company is eligible to use such form. Otherwise, such Subsequent Shelf Registration shall be on another
appropriate form.

 

2.1.4
New Registerable Securities. In the event that any Holder or Holders, collectively, hold Registrable Securities that are
not registered for resale on a delayed or continuous basis, the Company, upon request of such Holder(s), shall promptly use its
commercially reasonable efforts to cause the resale of such Registrable Securities to be covered by either, at the Company’s
option, the Shelf (including by means of a post-effective amendment) or a Subsequent Shelf Registration and cause the same to
become effective as soon as practicable after such filing and such Shelf or Subsequent Shelf Registration shall be subject to
the terms hereof; provided, however, that (i) the Company shall only be required to cause such Registrable Securities
to be so covered if the total offering price thereof is reasonably expected to exceed, in the aggregate, $50 million and (ii)
the Company shall only be required to cause such Registrable Securities to be so covered once per calendar year.

 

2.1.5
Requests for Underwritten Shelf Takedowns. Following the expiration of the Lock-up Period, at any time and from time to
time when an effective Shelf is on file with the Commission, any AST Equityholder (a “Demanding Holder”)
may request to sell all or any portion of its Registrable Securities in an Underwritten Offering or other coordinated offering
that is registered pursuant to the Shelf (each, an “Underwritten Shelf Takedown”); provided that
the Company shall only be obligated to effect an Underwritten Shelf Takedown if such offering shall include Registrable Securities
proposed to be sold by the Demanding Holder with a total offering price reasonably expected to exceed, in the aggregate, $50 million
(the “Minimum Takedown Threshold”). All requests for Underwritten Shelf Takedowns shall be made by giving
written notice to the Company, which shall specify the approximate number of Registrable Securities proposed to be sold in the
Underwritten Shelf Takedown. Subject to Section 2.4.4, the Company shall have the right to select the Underwriters for
such offering (which shall consist of one or more reputable nationally recognized investment banks), subject to the initial Demanding
Holder’s prior approval (which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). The AST Equityholders collectively
may demand Underwritten Shelf Takedowns pursuant to this Section 2.1.5 and Block Trades pursuant to Section 2.4.1
(i) not more than two (2) times in any 12-month period (the “Yearly Limit”) and (ii) not more than five
(5) times in the aggregate (the “Total Limit”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement,
the Company may effect any Underwritten Offering pursuant to any then effective Registration Statement, including a Form S-3,
that is then available for such offering.

 

    	7

     

    

 

2.1.6
Reduction of Underwritten Offering. If the managing Underwriter or Underwriters in an Underwritten Shelf Takedown, in good
faith, advises the Company, the Demanding Holders and the Holders requesting piggy back rights pursuant to this Agreement with
respect to such Underwritten Shelf Takedown (the “Requesting Holders”) (if any) in writing that the
dollar amount or number of Registrable Securities that the Demanding Holders and the Requesting Holders (if any) desire to sell,
taken together with all other shares of Class A Common Stock or other equity securities that the Company desires to sell and all
other shares of Class A Common Stock or other equity securities, if any, that have been requested to be sold in such Underwritten
Offering pursuant to separate written contractual piggy-back registration rights held by any other stockholders, exceeds the maximum
dollar amount or maximum number of equity securities that can be sold in the Underwritten Offering without adversely affecting
the proposed offering price, the timing, the distribution method, or the probability of success of such offering (such maximum
dollar amount or maximum number of such securities, as applicable, the “Maximum Number of Securities”),
then the Company shall include in such Underwritten Offering, before including any shares of Class A Common Stock or other equity
securities proposed to be sold by Company or by other holders of Class A Common Stock or other equity securities, the Registrable
Securities of the Demanding Holders and the Requesting Holders (if any) (pro rata based on the respective number of Registrable
Securities that each Demanding Holder and Requesting Holder (if any) has requested be included in such Underwritten Shelf Takedown
and the aggregate number of Registrable Securities that the Demanding Holders and Requesting Holders have requested be included
in such Underwritten Shelf Takedown) that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities.

 

2.1.7
Withdrawal. Prior to the filing of the applicable “red herring” prospectus or prospectus supplement used for
marketing such Underwritten Shelf Takedown, a majority-in-interest of the Demanding Holders initiating an Underwritten Shelf Takedown
shall have the right to withdraw from such Underwritten Shelf Takedown for any or no reason whatsoever upon written notification
(a “Withdrawal Notice”) to the Company and the Underwriter or Underwriters (if any) of their intention
to withdraw from such Shelf Takedown; provided that any other Demanding Holder(s) may elect to have the Company continue
an Underwritten Shelf Takedown if the Minimum Takedown Threshold would still be satisfied by the Registrable Securities proposed
to be sold in the Underwritten Shelf Takedown by the Demanding Holder(s). If withdrawn, a demand for an Underwritten Shelf Takedown
shall constitute a demand for an Underwritten Shelf Takedown for purposes of Section 2.1.5 and shall count toward the Yearly
Limit and the Total Limit, unless either (i) the Demanding Holder(s) making the withdrawal has not previously withdrawn any Underwritten
Shelf Takedown or (ii) the Demanding Holder(s) making the withdrawal reimburses the Company for all Registration Expenses with
respect to such Underwritten Shelf Takedown; provided that, if any other Demanding Holder elects to continue an Underwritten
Shelf Takedown pursuant to the proviso in the immediately preceding sentence, such Underwritten Shelf Takedown shall instead count
as an Underwritten Shelf Takedown demanded by the Demanding Holders for purposes of Section 2.1.5 and shall count toward
the Yearly Limit and the Total Limit. Following the receipt of any Withdrawal Notice, the Company shall promptly forward such
Withdrawal Notice to any other Holders that had elected to participate in such Shelf Takedown. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary in this Agreement, the Company shall be responsible for the Registration Expenses incurred in connection with a Shelf
Takedown, other than if a Demanding Holder elects to pay such Registration Expenses pursuant to clause (ii) of the second sentence
of this Section 2.1.7.

 

    	8

     

    

 

2.2
Piggyback Registration.

 

2.2.1
Piggyback Rights. Subject to Section 2.4.3, if the Company or any Holder proposes to conduct a registered offering
of, or if the Company proposes to file a Registration Statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Registration of,
equity securities, or securities or other obligations exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into equity securities,
for its own account or for the account of stockholders of the Company (or by the Company and by the stockholders of the Company
including, without limitation, an Underwritten Shelf Takedown pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof), other than a Registration
Statement (or any registered offering with respect thereto) (i) filed in connection with any employee stock option or other benefit
plan, (ii) pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-4 (or similar form that relates to a transaction subject to Rule 145
under the Securities Act or any successor rule thereto), (iii) for an offering of debt that is convertible into equity securities
of the Company or (iv) for a dividend reinvestment plan, then the Company shall give written notice of such proposed offering
to all of the Holders of Registrable Securities as soon as practicable but not less than ten (10) days before the anticipated
filing date of such Registration Statement or, in the case of an Underwritten Offering pursuant to a Shelf Registration, the applicable
“red herring” prospectus or prospectus supplement used for marketing such offering, which notice shall (A) describe
the amount and type of securities to be included in such offering, the intended method(s) of distribution, and the name of the
proposed managing Underwriter or Underwriters, if any, in such offering, and (B) offer to all of the Holders of Registrable Securities
the opportunity to include in such registered offering such number of Registrable Securities as such Holders may request in writing
within five (5) days after receipt of such written notice (such registered offering, a “Piggyback Registration”).
Subject to Section 2.2.2, the Company shall, in good faith, cause such Registrable Securities to be included in such Piggyback
Registration and, if applicable, shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the managing Underwriter or Underwriters
of such Piggyback Registration to permit the Registrable Securities requested by the Holders pursuant to this Section 2.2.1
to be included therein on the same terms and conditions as any similar securities of the Company included in such registered
offering and to permit the sale or other disposition of such Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method(s)
of distribution thereof. The inclusion of any Holder’s Registrable Securities in a Piggyback Registration shall be subject
to such Holder’s agreement to enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form with the Underwriter(s) selected for
such Underwritten Offering.

 

2.2.2
Reduction of Piggyback Registration. If the managing Underwriter or Underwriters in an Underwritten Offering that is to
be a Piggyback Registration, in good faith, advises the Company and the Holders of Registrable Securities participating in the
Piggyback Registration in writing that the dollar amount or number of shares of Class A Common Stock or other equity securities
that the Company desires to sell, taken together with (i) the shares of Class A Common Stock or other equity securities, if any,
as to which Registration or a registered offering has been demanded pursuant to separate written contractual arrangements with
persons or entities other than the Holders of Registrable Securities hereunder, (ii) the Registrable Securities as to which registration
has been requested pursuant to Section 2.2 hereof, and (iii) the shares of Class A Common Stock or other equity securities,
if any, as to which Registration or a registered offering has been requested pursuant to separate written contractual piggy-back
registration rights of other stockholders of the Company, exceeds the Maximum Number of Securities, then:

 

(a)
If the Registration or registered offering is undertaken for the Company’s account, the Company shall include in any such
Registration or registered offering (A) first, the shares of Class A Common Stock or other equity securities that the Company
desires to sell, which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; (B) second, to the extent that the Maximum
Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clause (A), the Registrable Securities of Holders exercising their
rights to register their Registrable Securities pursuant to Section 2.2.1, pro rata, based on the respective number
of Registrable Securities that each Holder has requested be included in such Underwritten Offering and the aggregate number of
Registrable Securities that the Holders have requested to be included in such Underwritten Offering, which can be sold without
exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; and (C) third, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached
under the foregoing clauses (A) and (B), the shares of Class A Common Stock or other equity securities, if any, as to which Registration
or a registered offering has been requested pursuant to written contractual piggy-back registration rights of other stockholders
of the Company, which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities;

 

    	9

     

    

 

(b)
If the Registration or registered offering is pursuant to a request by persons or entities other than the Holders of Registrable
Securities, then the Company shall include in any such Registration or registered offering (A) first, the shares of Class A Common
Stock or other equity securities, if any, of such requesting persons or entities, other than the Holders of Registrable Securities,
which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; (B) second, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities
has not been reached under the foregoing clause (A), the Registrable Securities of Holders exercising their rights to register
their Registrable Securities pursuant to Section 2.2.1, pro rata, based on the respective number of Registrable
Securities that each Holder has requested be included in such Underwritten Offering and the aggregate number of Registrable Securities
that the Holders have requested to be included in such Underwritten Offering, which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum
Number of Securities; (C) third, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing
clauses (A) and (B), the shares of Class A Common Stock or other equity securities that the Company desires to sell, which can
be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; and (D) fourth, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities
has not been reached under the foregoing clauses (A), (B) and (C), the shares of Class A Common Stock or other equity securities
for the account of other persons or entities that the Company is obligated to register pursuant to separate written contractual
arrangements with such persons or entities, which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; and

 

(c)
If the Registration or registered offering is pursuant to a request by Holder(s) of Registrable Securities pursuant to Section
2.1 hereof, then the Company shall include in any such Registration or registered offering securities pursuant to Section
2.1.6.

 

2.2.3
Piggyback Registration Withdrawal. Any Holder of Registrable Securities (other than a Demanding Holder, whose right to
withdrawal from an Underwritten Shelf Takedown, and related obligations, shall be governed by Section 2.1.7) shall have
the right to withdraw from a Piggyback Registration for any or no reason whatsoever upon written notification to the Company and
the Underwriter or Underwriters (if any) of his, her or its intention to withdraw from such Piggyback Registration prior to the
effectiveness of the Registration Statement filed with the Commission with respect to such Piggyback Registration or, in the case
of a Piggyback Registration pursuant to a Shelf Registration, the filing of the applicable “red herring” prospectus
or prospectus supplement with respect to such Piggyback Registration used for marketing such transaction. The Company (whether
on its own good faith determination or as the result of a request for withdrawal by persons pursuant to separate written contractual
obligations) may withdraw a Registration Statement filed with the Commission in connection with a Piggyback Registration (which,
in no circumstance, shall include the Shelf) at any time prior to the effectiveness of such Registration Statement. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary in this Agreement (other than Section 2.1.7), the Company shall be responsible for the Registration
Expenses incurred in connection with the Piggyback Registration.

 

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2.2.4
Unlimited Piggyback Registration Rights. For purposes of clarity, subject to Section 2.1.7, any Piggyback Registration
effected pursuant to Section 2.2 hereof shall not be counted as a demand for an Underwritten Shelf Takedown under Section
2.1.5 hereof and shall not count toward the Yearly Limit or the Total Limit.

 

2.3
Market Stand-off. In connection with any Underwritten Offering of equity securities of the Company (other than a Block
Trade), each Holder participating in the Underwritten Offering agrees that it shall not Transfer any shares of Class A Common
Stock or other equity securities of the Company (other than those included in such offering pursuant to this Agreement), without
the prior written consent of the Company, during the 90-day period beginning on the date of pricing of such offering, except in
the event the Underwriters managing the offering otherwise agree by written consent. Each Holder agrees to execute a customary
lock-up agreement in favor of the Underwriters to such effect (in each case on substantially the same terms and conditions as
all such Holders).

 

2.4
Block Trades.

 

2.4.1
Notwithstanding the foregoing, following the expiration of the Lock-up Period, at any time and from time to time when an effective
Shelf is on file with the Commission, if a Demanding Holder wishes to engage in an underwritten or other coordinated registered
offering not involving a “roadshow,” an offer commonly known as a “block trade” (a “Block
Trade”), with a total offering price reasonably expected to exceed, in the aggregate, either (x) $50 million or
(y) all remaining Registrable Securities held by the Demanding Holder (the “Minimum Block Threshold”),
then notwithstanding the time periods provided for in Section 2.1.5, such Demanding Holder only need to notify the Company
of the Block Trade at least five (5) business days prior to the day such offering is to commence and the Company shall as expeditiously
as possible use its commercially reasonable efforts to facilitate such Block Trade; provided that the Demanding Holders
representing a majority of the Registrable Securities wishing to engage in the Block Trade shall use commercially reasonable efforts
to work with the Company and any Underwriters prior to making such request in order to facilitate preparation of the registration
statement, prospectus and other offering documentation related to the Block Trade. Any demand for a Block Trade, unless withdrawn
pursuant to Section 2.4.2, shall count as a Block Trade demanded by the AST Equityholders, and shall count toward the Yearly
Limit and the Total Limit.

 

2.4.2
Prior to the filing of the applicable “red herring” prospectus or prospectus supplement used in connection with a
Block Trade, a majority-in-interest of the Demanding Holders initiating such Block Trade shall have the right to submit a Withdrawal
Notice to the Company and the Underwriter or Underwriters (if any) of their intention to withdraw from such Block Trade; provided
that any other Demanding Holder(s) may elect to have the Company continue a Block Trade if the Minimum Block Threshold would
still be satisfied by the Registrable Securities proposed to be sold in the Block Trade by the Demanding Holder(s). If withdrawn,
a demand for a Block Trade shall constitute a demand for a Block Trade for purposes of Section 2.4.1 and shall count toward
the Yearly Limit and the Total Limit, unless either (i) the Demanding Holder(s) making the withdrawal has not previously withdrawn
any Underwritten Shelf Takedown or Block Trade or (ii) the Demanding Holder(s) making the withdrawal reimburses the Company for
all Registration Expenses with respect to such Block Trade; provided that, if any other Demanding Holder elects to continue
a Block Trade pursuant to the proviso in the immediately preceding sentence, such Block Trade shall instead count as a Block Trade
demanded by the Demanding Holders for purposes of Section 2.4.1 and shall count toward the Yearly Limit and the Total Limit.
Following the receipt of any Withdrawal Notice, the Company shall promptly forward such Withdrawal Notice to any other Holders
that had elected to participate in such Block Trade. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Company shall
be responsible for the Registration Expenses incurred in connection with a Block Trade, other than if a Demanding Holder elects
to pay such Registration Expenses pursuant to clause (ii) of the second sentence of this Section 2.4.2.

 

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2.4.3
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Section 2.2 hereof shall not apply to a Block Trade initiated
by a Demanding Holder pursuant to this Agreement.

 

2.4.4
The Demanding Holder in a Block Trade shall have the right to select the Underwriters for such Block Trade (which shall consist
of one or more reputable nationally recognized investment banks).

 

Article
III

COMPANY PROCEDURES

 

3.1
General Procedures. In connection with any Shelf and/or Shelf Takedown, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable
efforts to effect such Registration to permit the sale of such Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended plan of
distribution thereof, and pursuant thereto the Company shall, as expeditiously as possible:

 

3.1.1
prepare and file with the Commission as soon as reasonably practicable a Registration Statement with respect to such Registrable
Securities and use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Registration Statement to become effective and remain effective
until all Registrable Securities have ceased to be Registrable Securities;

 

3.1.2
prepare and file with the Commission such amendments and post-effective amendments to the Registration Statement, and such supplements
to the Prospectus, as may be reasonably requested by any Holder that holds at least two and one-half percent (2.5%) percent of
the Registrable Securities registered on such Registration Statement or any Underwriter of Registrable Securities or as may be
required by the rules, regulations or instructions applicable to the registration form used by the Company or by the Securities
Act or rules and regulations thereunder to keep the Registration Statement effective until all Registrable Securities covered
by such Registration Statement are sold in accordance with the intended plan of distribution set forth in such Registration Statement
or supplement to the Prospectus;

 

3.1.3
prior to filing a Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, furnish without charge to the
Underwriters, if any, and the Holders of Registrable Securities included in such Registration, and such Holders’ legal counsel,
copies of such Registration Statement as proposed to be filed, each amendment and supplement to such Registration Statement (in
each case including all exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein), the Prospectus included in such Registration
Statement (including each preliminary Prospectus), and such other documents as the Underwriters and the Holders of Registrable
Securities included in such Registration or the legal counsel for any such Holders may request in order to facilitate the disposition
of the Registrable Securities owned by such Holders;

 

3.1.4
prior to any public offering of Registrable Securities (i) register or qualify the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration
Statement under such securities or “blue sky” laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as the
Holders of Registrable Securities included in such Registration Statement (in light of their intended plan of distribution) may
request (or provide evidence satisfactory to such Holders that the Registrable Securities are exempt from such registration or
qualification) and (ii) take such action necessary to cause such Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement
to be registered with or approved by such other governmental authorities as may be necessary by virtue of the business and operations
of the Company and do any and all other acts and things that may be necessary or advisable to enable the Holders of Registrable
Securities included in such Registration Statement to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Securities in such jurisdictions;
provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction
where it would not otherwise be required to qualify or take any action to which it would be subject to general service of process
or taxation in any such jurisdiction where it is not then otherwise so subject;

 

    	12

     

    

 

3.1.5
cause all such Registrable Securities to be listed on each national securities exchange on which similar securities issued by
the Company are then listed;

 

3.1.6
provide a transfer agent or warrant agent, as applicable, and registrar for all such Registrable Securities no later than the
effective date of such Registration Statement;

 

3.1.7
advise each seller of such Registrable Securities, promptly after it shall receive notice or obtain knowledge thereof, of the
issuance of any stop order by the Commission suspending the effectiveness of such Registration Statement or the initiation or
threatening of any proceeding for such purpose and promptly use its reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop
order or to obtain its withdrawal if such stop order should be issued;

 

3.1.8
at least two (2) days prior to the filing of any Registration Statement or Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to such Registration
Statement or Prospectus (or such shorter period of time as may be necessary in order to comply with the Securities Act, the Exchange
Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated under the Securities Act or Exchange Act, as applicable), furnish a copy thereof
to each seller of such Registrable Securities or its counsel (excluding any exhibits thereto and any filing made under the Exchange
Act that is to be incorporated by reference therein);

 

3.1.9
notify the Holders at any time when a Prospectus relating to such Registration Statement is required to be delivered under the
Securities Act, of the happening of any event as a result of which the Prospectus included in such Registration Statement, as
then in effect, includes a Misstatement, and then to correct such Misstatement as set forth in Section 3.4 hereof;

 

3.1.10
permit a representative of the Holders, the Underwriters, if any, and any attorney or accountant retained by such Holders or Underwriter
to participate, at each such person’s own expense, in the preparation of the Registration Statement, and cause the Company’s
officers, directors and employees to supply all information reasonably requested by any such representative, Underwriter, attorney
or accountant in connection with the Registration; provided, however, that such representatives or Underwriters
agree to confidentiality arrangements reasonably satisfactory to the Company, prior to the release or disclosure of any such information;

 

3.1.11
obtain a “comfort” letter from the Company’s independent registered public accountants in the event of an Underwritten
Offering or other coordinated offering that is registered pursuant to a Registration Statement, in customary form and covering
such matters of the type customarily covered by “comfort” letters as the managing Underwriter or other similar type
of sales agent or placement agent may reasonably request, and reasonably satisfactory to a majority-in-interest of the participating
Holders;

 

3.1.12
on the date the Registrable Securities are delivered for sale pursuant to such Registration, obtain an opinion, dated such date,
of counsel representing the Company for the purposes of such Registration, addressed to the Holders, the placement agent or sales
agent, if any, and the Underwriters, if any, covering such legal matters with respect to the Registration in respect of which
such opinion is being given as the Holders, placement agent, sales agent, or Underwriter may reasonably request and as are customarily
included in such opinions and negative assurance letters, and reasonably satisfactory to a majority-in-interest of the participating
Holders;

 

    	13

     

    

 

3.1.13
in the event of any Underwritten Offering or other coordinated offering that is registered pursuant to a Registration Statement,
enter into and perform its obligations under an underwriting agreement, sales agreement or placement agreement, in usual and customary
form, with the managing Underwriter, sales agent or placement agent of such offering;

 

3.1.14
make available to its security holders, as soon as reasonably practicable, an earnings statement covering the period of at least
twelve (12) months beginning with the first day of the Company’s first full calendar quarter after the effective date of
the Registration Statement which satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 thereunder (or any
successor rule then in effect);

 

3.1.15
with respect to an Underwritten Offering pursuant to Section 2.1.5, use its reasonable efforts to make available senior
executives of the Company to participate in customary “road show” presentations that may be reasonably requested by
the Underwriter in such Underwritten Offering; and

 

3.1.16
otherwise, in good faith, cooperate reasonably with, and take such customary actions as may reasonably be requested by the Holders,
in connection with such Registration.

 

Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the Company shall not be required to provide any documents or information to an Underwriter or other sales agent
or placement agent if such Underwriter or other sales agent or placement agent has not then been named with respect to the applicable
Underwritten Offering or other coordinated offering that is registered pursuant to a Registration Statement.

 

3.2
Registration Expenses. The Registration Expenses of all Registrations shall be borne by the Company. It is acknowledged
by the Holders that the Holders shall bear all incremental selling expenses relating to the sale of Registrable Securities, such
as Underwriters’ or agents’ commissions and discounts, brokerage fees, Underwriter marketing costs and, other than
as set forth in the definition of “Registration Expenses,” all reasonable fees and expenses of any legal counsel
representing the Holders.

 

3.3
Requirements for Participation in Registration Statement Underwritten Offerings. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement
to the contrary, if any Holder does not timely provide the Company with its requested Holder Information, the Company may exclude
such Holder’s Registrable Securities from the applicable Registration Statement or Prospectus if the Company determines,
based on the advice of counsel, that such information is necessary to effect the registration and such Holder continues thereafter
to withhold such information. No person may participate in any Underwritten Offering or other coordinated offering for equity
securities of the Company pursuant to a Registration initiated by the Company hereunder unless such person (i) agrees to sell
such person’s securities on the basis provided in any arrangements approved by the Company and (ii) timely completes and
executes all customary questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, lock-up agreements, underwriting or other agreements and
other customary documents as may be reasonably required under the terms of such arrangements. The exclusion of a Holder’s
Registrable Securities as a result of this Section 3.3 shall not affect the registration of the other Registrable Securities to
be included in such Registration.

 

3.4
Suspension of Sales; Adverse Disclosure; Restrictions on Registration Rights.

 

3.4.1
Upon receipt of written notice from the Company that a Registration Statement or Prospectus contains a Misstatement, each of the
Holders shall forthwith discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities until it has received copies of a supplemented or amended
Prospectus correcting the Misstatement (it being understood that the Company hereby covenants to prepare and file such supplement
or amendment as soon as practicable after the time of such notice), or until it is advised in writing by the Company that the
use of the Prospectus may be resumed.

 

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3.4.2
If the filing, initial effectiveness or continued use of a Registration Statement in respect of any Registration at any time would
(i) require the Company to make an Adverse Disclosure, (ii) require the inclusion in such Registration Statement of financial
statements that are unavailable to the Company for reasons beyond the Company’s control, or (iii) in the good faith judgment
of the majority of the Board such Registration, be seriously detrimental to the Company and the majority of the Board concludes
as a result that it is essential to defer such filing, initial effectiveness or continued use at such time, the Company may, upon
giving prompt written notice of such action to the Holders, delay the filing or initial effectiveness of, or suspend use of, such
Registration Statement for the shortest period of time determined in good faith by the Company to be necessary for such purpose.
In the event the Company exercises its rights under this Section 3.4.2, the Holders agree to suspend, immediately upon
their receipt of the notice referred to above, their use of the Prospectus relating to any Registration in connection with any
sale or offer to sell Registrable Securities.

 

3.4.3
(i) during the period starting with the date sixty (60) days prior to the Company’s good faith estimate of the date of the
filing of, and ending on a date one hundred and twenty (120) days after the effective date of, a Company-initiated Registration
and provided that the Company continues to actively employ, in good faith, all reasonable efforts to maintain the effectiveness
of the applicable Shelf Registration Statement, or (ii) if, pursuant to Section 2.1.5, Holders have requested an Underwritten
Shelf Takedown and the Company and such Holders are unable to obtain the commitment of underwriters to firmly underwrite such
offering, the Company may, upon giving prompt written notice of such action to the Holders, delay any other registered offering
pursuant to Section 2.1.5 or 2.4.

 

3.5
Lock-Up Agreements. The Holders agree that, if requested by the Underwriters in any Company-initiated Registration for
the account of the Company (subject to the Company’s compliance with Section 2.2), the Holders will enter into customary
“lock-up” agreements providing that the Holders will not, directly or indirectly, sell, offer to sell, grant any option
for the sale of, or otherwise dispose of any securities that are the same or similar to the securities being offered in such offering
(or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such securities) (subject to customary exceptions) and will
not enter into derivative transactions with similar economic effect, for a period not to exceed ninety (90) days from the effective
date of the registration statement pertaining to such securities or from such other date as may be requested by the Underwriter(s)
(the “Underwritten Lock-Up Period”); provided, that in no event shall the Holders be obligated to enter
into such lock-agreements that are any more restrictive than such lock-up agreements agreed to by the Company, its directors and
executive officers or the other stockholders of the Company participating in such offering. The Company will not be obligated
to undertake an Underwritten Shelf Takedown during any Underwritten Lock-Up Period binding on the Holders, nor will the Company
be obligated to include in any Piggyback Registration any Registrable Securities that are then subject to a “lock-up”
agreement.

 

3.6
Reporting Obligations. As long as any Holder shall own Registrable Securities, the Company, at all times while it shall
be a reporting company under the Exchange Act, covenants to use commercially reasonable efforts to file timely (or obtain extensions
in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date
hereof pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

 

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Article
IV

INDEMNIFICATION AND CONTRIBUTION

 

4.1
Indemnification.

 

4.1.1
The Company agrees to indemnify, to the extent permitted by law, each Holder of Registrable Securities, its officers, directors
and agents and each person who controls such Holder (within the meaning of the Securities Act) against all losses, claims, damages,
liabilities and reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including without limitation reasonable outside attorneys’ fees) resulting
from any untrue or alleged untrue statement of material fact contained in any Registration Statement, Prospectus or preliminary
Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto or any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, except insofar as the same are caused by or contained
in any information or affidavit so furnished in writing to the Company by such Holder expressly for use therein.

 

4.1.2
In connection with any Registration Statement in which a Holder of Registrable Securities is participating, such Holder shall
furnish to the Company in writing such information and affidavits as the Company reasonably requests for use in connection with
any such Registration Statement or Prospectus (the “Holder Information”) and, to the extent permitted
by law, shall indemnify the Company, its directors, officers and agents and each person who controls the Company (within the meaning
of the Securities Act) against all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including without
limitation reasonable outside attorneys’ fees) resulting from any untrue or alleged untrue statement of material fact contained
in any Registration Statement, Prospectus or preliminary Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto or any omission
or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading,
but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information or affidavit so furnished in writing
by such Holder expressly for use therein; provided, however, that the obligation to indemnify shall be several,
not joint and several, among such Holders of Registrable Securities, and the liability of each such Holder of Registrable Securities
shall be in proportion to and limited to the net proceeds received by such Holder from the sale of Registrable Securities pursuant
to such Registration Statement. The Holders of Registrable Securities shall indemnify the Underwriters, their officers, directors
and each person who controls such Underwriters (within the meaning of the Securities Act) to the same extent as provided in the
foregoing with respect to indemnification of the Company.

 

4.1.3
Any person entitled to indemnification herein shall (i) give prompt written notice to the indemnifying party of any claim with
respect to which it seeks indemnification (provided that the failure to give prompt notice shall not impair any person’s
right to indemnification hereunder to the extent such failure has not materially prejudiced the indemnifying party) and (ii) unless
in such indemnified party’s reasonable judgment a conflict of interest between such indemnified and indemnifying parties
may exist with respect to such claim, permit such indemnifying party to assume the defense of such claim with counsel reasonably
satisfactory to the indemnified party. If such defense is assumed, the indemnifying party shall not be subject to any liability
for any settlement made by the indemnified party without its consent (but such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld). An
indemnifying party who is not entitled to, or elects not to, assume the defense of a claim shall not be obligated to pay the fees
and expenses of more than one counsel for all parties indemnified by such indemnifying party with respect to such claim, unless
in the reasonable judgment of any indemnified party a conflict of interest may exist between such indemnified party and any other
of such indemnified parties with respect to such claim. No indemnifying party shall, without the consent of the indemnified party,
consent to the entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement which cannot be settled in all respects by the payment of money
(and such money is so paid by the indemnifying party pursuant to the terms of such settlement) or which settlement does not include
as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such indemnified party of a release from all liability
in respect to such claim or litigation.

 

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4.1.4
The indemnification provided for under this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made
by or on behalf of the indemnified party or any officer, director or controlling person of such indemnified party and shall survive
the transfer of securities. The Company and each Holder of Registrable Securities participating in an offering also agrees to
make such provisions as are reasonably requested by any indemnified party for contribution to such party in the event the Company’s
or such Holder’s indemnification is unavailable for any reason.

 

4.1.5
If the indemnification provided under Section 4.1 hereof from the indemnifying party is unavailable or insufficient to
hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and out-of-pocket expenses referred
to herein, then the indemnifying party, in lieu of indemnifying the indemnified party, shall contribute to the amount paid or
payable by the indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages, liabilities and out-of-pocket expenses in such proportion
as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party, as well as any other relevant
equitable considerations. The relative fault of the indemnifying party and indemnified party shall be determined by reference
to, among other things, whether any action in question, including any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or
omission or alleged omission to state a material fact, was made by, or relates to information supplied by, such indemnifying party
or indemnified party, and the indemnifying party’s and indemnified party’s relative intent, knowledge, access to information
and opportunity to correct or prevent such action; provided, however, that the liability of any Holder under this
Section 4.1.5 shall be limited to the amount of the net proceeds received by such Holder in such offering giving rise to
such liability. The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses or other liabilities referred to above shall be
deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth in Sections 4.1.1, 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 above, any legal
or other fees, charges or out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with any investigation or proceeding.
The parties hereto agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 4.1.5 were determined
by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation, which does not take account of the equitable considerations
referred to in this Section 4.1.5. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f)
of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution pursuant to this Section 4.1.5 from any person who was not guilty
of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

 

Article
V

MISCELLANEOUS

 

5.1
Notices. Any notice or communication under this Agreement must be in writing and given by (i) deposit in the United States
mail, addressed to the party to be notified, postage prepaid and registered or certified with return receipt requested, (ii) delivery
in person or by courier service providing evidence of delivery, or (iii) transmission by hand delivery, electronic mail or facsimile.
Each notice or communication that is mailed, delivered, or transmitted in the manner described above shall be deemed sufficiently
given, served, sent, and received, in the case of mailed notices, on the third business day following the date on which it is
mailed and, in the case of notices delivered by courier service, hand delivery, electronic mail or facsimile, at such time as
it is delivered to the addressee (with the delivery receipt or the affidavit of messenger) or at such time as delivery is refused
by the addressee upon presentation. Any notice or communication under this Agreement must be addressed, if to the Company, to:
AST & Science LLC, Midland International Air and Space Port, 2901 Enterprise Lane, Midland, TX 79706, Attention: Tom Severson,
Email: [●], and, if to any Holder, at such Holder’s address or facsimile number as set forth in the Company’s
books and records. Any party may change its address for notice at any time and from time to time by written notice to the other
parties hereto, and such change of address shall become effective thirty (30) days after delivery of such notice as provided in
this Section 5.1.

 

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5.2
Assignment; No Third Party Beneficiaries.

 

5.2.1
This Agreement and the rights, duties and obligations of the Company hereunder may not be assigned or delegated by the Company
in whole or in part.

 

5.2.2
This Agreement and the rights, duties and obligations of the Holders hereunder may not be assigned or delegated by the Holders
in whole or in part; provided, however, that, subject to Section 5.2.5, a Holder may assign the rights and
obligations of such Holder hereunder relating to particular Registrable Securities in connection with the transfer of such Registrable
Securities to a Permitted Transferee of such Holder in accordance with the Stockholders Agreement.

 

5.2.3
This Agreement and the provisions hereof shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of each of the parties and its successors
and the permitted assigns.

 

5.2.4
This Agreement shall not confer any rights or benefits on any persons that are not parties hereto, other than as expressly set
forth in this Agreement and Section 5.2 hereof.

 

5.2.5
No assignment by any party hereto of such party’s rights, duties and obligations hereunder shall be binding upon or obligate
the Company unless and until the Company shall have received (i) written notice of such assignment as provided in Section 5.1
hereof and (ii) the written agreement of the assignee, in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to be bound by the
terms and provisions of this Agreement (which may be accomplished by an addendum or certificate of joinder to this Agreement).
Any transfer or assignment made other than as provided in this Section 5.2 shall be null and void.

 

5.3
Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts (including facsimile or PDF counterparts), each of
which shall be deemed an original, and all of which together shall constitute the same instrument, but only one of which need
be produced.

 

5.4
Governing Law. This Agreement, and all claims or causes of action based upon, arising
out of, or related to this Agreement, shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware,
without giving effect to principles or rules of conflict of Laws to the extent such principles or rules would require or permit
the application of Laws of another jurisdiction.

 

5.5
Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial.

 

5.5.1
Any proceeding or Action based upon, arising out of or related to this Agreement or the Transactions must be brought in the Court
of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, to the extent such Court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, the Superior Court
of the State of Delaware), or, if it has or can acquire jurisdiction, in the United States District Court for the District of
Delaware, and each of the parties irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of each such court in any such proceeding
or Action, waives any objection it may now or hereafter have to personal jurisdiction, venue or to convenience of forum, agrees
that all claims in respect of the proceeding or Action shall be heard and determined only in any such court, and agrees not to
bring any proceeding or Action arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the Transactions in any other court. Nothing herein
contained shall be deemed to affect the right of any party to serve process in any manner permitted by Law or to commence legal
proceedings or otherwise proceed against any other party in any other jurisdiction, in each case, to enforce judgments obtained
in any Action, suit or proceeding brought pursuant to this Section 5.5.

 

    	18

     

    

 

5.5.2
Each party acknowledges and agrees that any controversy which may arise under this Agreement and the Transactions is likely to
involve complicated and difficult issues, and therefore each such party hereby irrevocably, unconditionally and voluntarily waives
any right such party may have to a trial by jury in respect of any Action, suit or proceeding directly or indirectly arising out
of or relating to this Agreement or any of the Transactions.

 

5.6
Amendments and Modifications. Upon the written consent of (i) the Company and (ii) the Holders of a majority of the total Registrable
Securities, compliance with any of the provisions, covenants and conditions set forth in this Agreement may be waived, or any of such
provisions, covenants or conditions may be amended or modified; provided, however, that in the event any such waiver, amendment
or modification would be adverse in any material respect to the material rights or obligations hereunder of a Holder of at least two
and one-half percent (2.5%) percent of the Registrable Securities, the written consent of such Holder will also be required; provided
further that in the event any such waiver, amendment or modification would be disproportionate and adverse in any material respect
to the material rights or obligations hereunder of a Holder, the written consent of such Holder will also be required. No course of dealing
between any Holder or the Company and any other party hereto or any failure or delay on the part of a Holder or the Company in exercising
any rights or remedies under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver of any rights or remedies of any Holder or the Company. No single
or partial exercise of any rights or remedies under this Agreement by a party shall operate as a waiver or preclude the exercise of any
other rights or remedies hereunder or thereunder by such party.

 

5.7
Other Registration Rights. From and after the date hereof, the Company shall not enter into any agreement granting registration
rights to any party with respect to the Company’s securities that would cause a violation of the rights granted to the Holders
hereunder. The Company represents and warrants that no person, other than a Holder of Registrable Securities, has any right to
require the Company to register any securities of the Company for sale or to include such securities of the Company in any Registration
Statement filed by the Company for the sale of securities for its own account or for the account of any other person.

 

5.8
Term. This Agreement shall terminate with respect to any Holder on the date that such Holder no longer holds any Registrable
Securities. The provisions of Section 3.5 and Article IV shall survive any termination.

 

5.9
Holder Information. Each Holder agrees, if requested in writing, to represent to the Company the total number of Registrable
Securities held by such Holder in order for the Company to make determinations hereunder.

 

[SIGNATURE
PAGES FOLLOW]

 

    	19

     

    

 

IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date first written above.

 

	 	COMPANY:
	 	 
	 	New
    Providence Acquisition Corp.
	 	a
    Delaware corporation
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/
    Gary Smith
	 	Name:	Gary
    Smith
	 	Title:	Chief
    Executive Officer

 

[Signature
Page to Registration Rights Agreement]

 

    	 

     

    

 

	 	SPONSOR:
	 	 	 
	 	New
    Providence Management LLC
	 	a
    Delaware limited liability company
	 	 	 
	 	By:
    	/s/
    Alexander Coleman
	 	Name:	Alexander
    Coleman
	 	Title:	Co-Chief
    Executive Officer

 

[Signature
Page to Registration Rights Agreement]

 

    	 

     

    

 

	 	AST
    EQUITYHOLDERS:
	 	 	                        
	 	Invesat
    LLC
	 	a
    Delaware limited liability company
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Adriana Cisneros
	 	Name:	Adriana Cisneros
	 	Title:
    	President

 

[Signature
Page to Registration Rights Agreement]

 

    	 

     

    

 

	 	Vodafone
    Ventures Limited
	 	a
private limited company organized under the

                                                                     Laws of England and Wales

	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/
Edward Verner
	 	Name:
    	Edward
    Verner
	 	Title:
    	Authorized
    Signatory

 

[Signature
Page to Registration Rights Agreement]

 

    	 

     

    

 

	 	ATC
    TRS II LLC
	 	a
    Delaware limited liability company
	 	 	 
	 	By:
    	/s/
    Edmund DiSanto
	 	Name:
    	Edmund
    DiSanto
	 	Title:
    	EVP,
    Chief Administration Officer and General Counsel

 

[Signature
Page to Registration Rights Agreement]

 

    	 

     

    

 

	 	Rakuten
    Mobile USA Serivce Inc.,
	 	a Delaware Corporation
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Kaname Sueyoshi
	 	Name:
    	Kaname
    Sueyoshi
	 	Title:
    	Authorized
    Signatory

 

[Signature
Page to Registration Rights Agreement]

 

    	 

     

    

 

	 	Samsung
    Next Fund LLC
	 	a
    Delaware limited liability company
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/
    Brendon Kim
	 	Name:	Brendon Kim
	 	Title:
    	Authorized
    Officer of Samsung Next Fund LLC

 

[Signature
Page to Registration Rights Agreement]

 

    	 

     

    

 

	 	/s/
    Abel Avellan
	 	Abel
    Avellan

 

[Signature
Page to Registration Rights Agreement]

 

    	 

     

    

 

	 	/s/
    Tom Severson
	 	Tom
    Severson

 

[Signature
Page to Registration Rights Agreement]Exhibit
10.4

 

TAX
RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT

 

by
and among

 

AST
SPACEMOBILE, INC.

 

AST
& SCIENCE, LLC,

 

THOMAS
SEVERSON, as TRA HOLDER REPRESENTATIVE,

 

the
several TRA HOLDERS (as defined herein)

 

and

 

OTHER
TRA HOLDERS

FROM TIME TO TIME PARTY HERETO

 

Dated
as of April 6, 2021

 

 

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

TABLE
OF CONTENTS

 

	 	Page
	 	 
	Article
    I. DEFINITIONS	2
	 	 	 
	Section
    1.1	Definitions	2
	Section
    1.2	Rules
    of Construction	10
	 	 	 
	Article
    II. DETERMINATION OF REALIZED TAX BENEFIT	11
	 	 	 
	Section
    2.1	Basis
    Adjustments; LLC 754 Election	11
	Section
    2.2	Reorganization
    Transaction Date Attribute Schedule	11
	Section
    2.3	Basis
    Schedules	12
	Section
    2.4	Tax
    Benefit Schedules	12
	Section
    2.5	Procedures;
    Amendments	13
	 	 	 
	Article
    III. TAX BENEFIT PAYMENTS	14
	 	 	 
	Section
    3.1	Timing
    and Amount of Tax Benefit Payments	14
	Section
    3.2	No
    Duplicative Payments	17
	Section
    3.3	Pro-Ration
    of Payments as Between the TRA Holders	18
	Section
    3.4	Optional
    Estimated Tax Benefit Payment Procedure	19
	 	 	 
	Article
    IV. TERMINATION	20
	 	 	 
	Section
    4.1	Early
    Termination of Agreement; Breach of Agreement	20
	Section
    4.2	Early
    Termination Notice	22
	Section
    4.3	Payment
    Upon Early Termination	22
	 	 	 
	Article
    V. SUBORDINATION AND LATE PAYMENTS	23
	 	 	 
	Section
    5.1	Subordination	23
	Section
    5.2	Late
    Payments by the Corporation	23
	 	 	 
	Article
    VI. TAX MATTERS; CONSISTENCY; COOPERATION	24
	 	 	 
	Section
    6.1	Participation
    in the Corporation’s Tax Matters	24
	Section
    6.2	Consistency	24
	Section
    6.3	Cooperation	25
	 	 	 
	Article
    VII. MISCELLANEOUS	25
	 	 	 
	Section
    7.1	Notices	25
	Section
    7.2	Counterparts	26
	Section
    7.3	Entire
    Agreement; No Third Party Beneficiaries	26
	Section
    7.4	Governing
    Law	26

 

    	i

    	 

    

 

	Section
    7.5	Severability	26
	Section
    7.6	Assignments;
    Amendments; Successors; No Waiver	27
	Section
    7.7	Titles
    and Subtitles	28
	Section
    7.8	Resolution
    of Disputes	28
	Section
    7.9	Reconciliation	29
	Section
    7.10	Withholding	30
	Section
    7.11	Admission
    of the Corporation into a Consolidated Group; Transfers of Corporate Assets	30
	Section
    7.12	Change
    in Law	31
	Section
    7.13	Interest
    Rate Limitation	31
	Section
    7.14	Independent
    Nature of Rights and Obligations	31
	Section
    7.15	LLC
    Agreement	32
	Section
    7.16	TRA
    Holder Representative	32
	Section
    7.17	Non-Effect
    of Other Tax Receivable Agreements	32

 

	Exhibits	 	 
	 	 	 
	Exhibit
    A	-	Form
    of Joinder Agreement

 

    	ii

    	 

    

 

TAX
RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT

 

This
TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT (as the same may be amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from
time to time, this “Agreement”), dated as of April 6, 2021, is hereby entered into by and among AST SpaceMobile,
Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”), AST & Science, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company
(the “LLC”), the TRA Holder Representative (as defined below), and each of the Exchange TRA Holders and the
Blocker TRA Holders (each as defined below) from time to time party hereto (collectively, the “TRA Holders”).

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS,
the LLC is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

WHEREAS,
each of the members of the LLC other than the Corporation (such members who are parties hereto, and their respective assignees
who become parties hereto by satisfying the Joinder Requirement, directly or indirectly owns limited liability company interests
in the LLC (the “Units”);

 

WHEREAS,
pursuant to that certain Equity Purchase Agreement by and among (i) the LLC, (ii) the AST Equityholders, (iii) the other existing
equityholders of the LLC (other than the AST Equityholders) set forth on Annex A thereto, (iv) New Providence Acquisition Corp.,
a Delaware corporation and predecessor to the Company (“NPA”), (v) New Providence Management LLC, a Delaware
limited liability company (“NPA Sponsor”) and (vi) Abel Avellan as the Existing Equityholder Representative
(as defined therein), the Corporation will acquire newly-issued LLC Units in exchange for the Closing Date Contribution Amount
(as defined therein) and become the Managing Member of the LLC (as defined in the LLC Agreement (such Equity Purchase Agreement
the “Equity Purchase Agreement,” and the foregoing transactions, the “Business Combination”);

 

WHEREAS,
in connection with the Business Combination, the LLC will revalue its property for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and any corresponding
U.S. state or local tax purposes) pursuant to Section 1.704-1 of the Treasury Regulations;

 

WHEREAS,
pursuant to and subject to the terms of the LLC Agreement, from time to time following the twelve (12) month anniversary of the
Business Combination, certain Members (as defined in the LLC Agreement) or their respective Affiliates may enter into certain
reorganization transactions with the Corporation (the “Blocker TRA Holders”) pursuant to which the Corporation
acquires, directly or indirectly including by way of merger, a Blocker Corporation (as defined in the LLC Agreement) from such
Blocker TRA Holders or their respective Affiliates (the “Reorganization Transactions”), and as a result of
any such transactions, the Corporation may obtain or be entitled to certain Tax attributes as further described herein;

 

    	1

    	 

    

 

WHEREAS,
pursuant to and subject to the terms of the LLC Agreement, from time to time following the twelve (12) month anniversary of the
Business Combination, each holder of Units (other than the Corporation) has the right to require the LLC to redeem (a “Redemption”)
all or a portion of such holder’s Units, at the Corporation’s election, cash or Class A Common Stock, in either case
contributed to the LLC by the Corporation; provided that, at the election of the Corporation in its sole discretion, the
Corporation may effect a direct exchange (a “Direct Exchange”) of such cash or shares of Class A Common Stock
for such Units (holders described in this clause, the “Exchange TRA Holders”);

 

WHEREAS,
the LLC and any direct or indirect Subsidiary (owned through a chain of entities each of which is treated as a partnership or
a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of the LLC that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income
tax purposes (together with the LLC and any direct or indirect Subsidiary (owned through a chain of entities each of which is
treated as a partnership or a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of the LLC that is treated as a disregarded
entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the “LLC Group”) will, to the extent such direct or indirect Subsidiary
is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, have in effect an election under Section 754 of the Code (as
defined below) for the Taxable Year (as defined below) in which any Exchange (as defined below) occurs, which election should
result in an adjustment to the Corporation’s share of the tax basis of the assets owned by the LLC Group as of the date
of the Exchange; and

 

WHEREAS,
the parties to this Agreement desire to provide for certain payments and make certain arrangements with respect to certain tax
benefits derived by the Corporation as a result of any Exchanges or any Reorganization Transactions, certain tax attributes of
the LLC Group and the receipt of payments under this Agreement.

 

NOW,
THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the respective covenants and agreements set forth herein, and intending to be
legally bound hereby, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

Article
I.

DEFINITIONS

 

Section 1.1 Definitions.
As used in this Agreement, the terms set forth in this Article I shall have the following meanings (such meanings to be
equally applicable to both (i) the singular and plural and (ii) the active and passive forms of the terms
defined).

 

“Advisory
Firm” means any accounting firm that is nationally recognized as being an expert in Covered Tax matters and is not an
Affiliate of the Corporation, provided that such Advisory Firm that is used by the Corporation shall be selected by the Corporation
and be reasonably acceptable to the TRA Holder Representative.

 

“Actual
Interest Amount” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(vii) of this Agreement.

 

“Affiliate”
means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, Controls,
is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, such first Person.

 

“Agreed
Rate” means LIBOR plus 200 basis points.

 

    	2

    	 

    

 

“Agreement”
is defined in the preamble to this Agreement.

 

“Amended
Schedule” is defined in Section 2.5(b) of this Agreement.

 

“Assumed
State and Local Tax Rate” means the tax rate equal to the sum of the products of (x) the Corporation’s income
tax apportionment factor for each state and local jurisdiction in which the Corporation files income or franchise tax returns
for the relevant Taxable Year and (y) the highest corporate income and franchise tax rate in effect for such Taxable Year for
each such state and local jurisdiction in which the Corporation files income tax returns for each relevant Taxable Year.

 

“Attributable”
is defined in Section 3.1(b)(i) of this Agreement.

 

“Bankruptcy
Code” is defined in Section 4.1(c) of this Agreement.

 

“Basis
Adjustment” means the increase or decrease to the tax basis of, or the Corporation’s share of, the tax basis of
the Reference Assets (i) under Section 734(b), 743(b) and 754 of the Code (in situations where, following an Exchange, the LLC
remains in existence as an entity for tax purposes) and (ii) under Sections 732 and 1012 of the Code (in situations where, as
a result of one or more Exchanges, the LLC becomes an entity that is disregarded as separate from its owner for tax purposes),
in each case, as a result of any Exchange and any payments made under this Agreement. Notwithstanding any other provision of this
Agreement, the amount of any Basis Adjustment resulting from an Exchange of one or more Units shall be determined without regard
to any Pre-Exchange Transfer of such Units and as if any such Pre-Exchange Transfer had not occurred.

 

“Basis
Schedule” is defined in Section 2.3 of this Agreement.

 

“Blocker
Attributes” means any U.S. federal, state, or local net operating losses, capital losses, disallowed interest expense
carryforwards under Section 163(j) of the Code (and any comparable provision of U.S. federal, state, or local tax law),credit
carryforwards, and foreign tax credits of a Blocker Corporation relating to taxable periods ending on or prior to the date of
an applicable Reorganization Transaction.

 

“Blocker
Corporation” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Blocker
TRA Holders” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Board”
means the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

 

“Business
Combination” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Business
Combination Date” means the closing of the Business Combination.

 

“Business
Day” means any day excluding Saturday, Sunday and any day that is a legal holiday under the laws of the State of New
York or is a day on which banking institutions located in New York are closed.

 

    	3

    	 

    

 

“Change
of Control” shall have the same meaning defined in the LLC Agreement.

 

“Class
A Common Stock” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Class
B Common Stock” means shares of Class B common stock of the Corporation.

 

“Class
C Common Stock” means the shares of Class C common stock of the Corporation.

 

“Code”
means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

“Common
Basis” means the existing tax basis of the Reference Assets (determined, with respect to each TRA Holder, as of immediately
prior to such TRA Holder’s Exchange or Reorganization Transaction) that are depreciable or amortizable (including assets
that will eventually be subject to depreciation or amortization, once placed in service) for U.S. federal income tax purposes
attributable to Units acquired by the Corporation in an Exchange or Reorganization Transaction. For the avoidance of doubt, Common
Basis shall not include any Basis Adjustments.

 

“Control”
means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person,
whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or other agreement.

 

“Corporation”
is defined in the preamble to this Agreement.

 

“Covered
Person” is defined in Section 7.16 of this Agreement.

 

“Covered
Tax Benefit” is defined in Section 3.3(a) of this Agreement.

 

“Covered
Taxes” means any and all U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign taxes, assessments or similar charges that are based
on or measured with respect to net income or profits and any interest related thereto.

 

“Cumulative
Net Realized Tax Benefit” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(iii) of this Agreement.

 

“Default
Rate” means LIBOR plus 400 basis points.

 

“Default
Rate Interest” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(ix) of this Agreement.

 

“Determination”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 1313(a) of the Code or similar provision of U.S. state tax law, as applicable,
or any other event (including the execution of IRS Form 870-AD) that finally and conclusively establishes the amount of any liability
for tax.

 

“Direct
Exchange” is defined in the recitals to this agreement.

 

“Dispute”
is defined in Section 7.8(a) of this Agreement.

 

    	4

    	 

    

 

“Early
Termination Effective Date” means the date of an Early Termination Notice for purposes of determining the Early Termination
Payment.

 

“Early
Termination Notice” is defined in Section 4.2 of this Agreement.

 

“Early
Termination Payment” is defined in Section 4.3(b) of this Agreement.

 

“Early
Termination Rate” means the LIBOR plus 200 basis points.

 

“Early
Termination Reference Date” is defined in Section 4.2 of this Agreement.

 

“Early
Termination Schedule” is defined in Section 4.2 of this Agreement.

 

“Equity
Purchase Agreement” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Estimated
Reorganization Transaction Date Attribute Schedule” is defined in Section 2.2.

 

“Estimated
Tax Benefit Payment” is defined in Section 3.4 of this Agreement.

 

“Exchange”
means any Direct Exchange or Redemption.

 

“Exchange
Date” means the date of any Exchange.

 

“Exchange
TRA Holders” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Expert”
is defined in Section 7.9 of this Agreement.

 

“Final
Payment Date” means any date on which a payment is required to be made pursuant to this Agreement. For the avoidance
of doubt, the Final Payment Date in respect of a Tax Benefit Payment is determined pursuant to Section 3.1(a) of this Agreement.

 

“Hypothetical
Tax Liability” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the hypothetical liability of the Corporation that would arise
in respect of Covered Taxes, using the same methods, elections, conventions and similar practices used on the actual relevant
Tax Returns of the Corporation but (i) calculating depreciation, amortization, or other similar deductions, or otherwise calculating
any items of income, gain, or loss, using the Corporation’s share of the Non-Adjusted Tax Basis as reflected on the applicable
Basis Schedule, including amendments thereto for the Taxable Year, (ii) excluding the effect of any and all Blocker Attributes,
and (iii) excluding any deduction attributable to Imputed Interest for the Taxable Year; provided, that for purposes determining
the Hypothetical Tax Liability, the combined tax rate for U.S. state and local Covered Taxes (but not, for the avoidance of doubt,
federal Covered Taxes) shall be the Assumed State and Local Tax Rate. For the avoidance of doubt, (A) the Hypothetical Tax Liability
shall be determined without taking into account the carryover or carryback of any tax item attributable to Imputed Interest, Basis
Adjustments (or portions thereof), Blocker Attributes, or Common Basis and (B) the calculation of the Hypothetical Tax Liability
shall take into account any U.S. federal income tax benefit actually realized by the Corporation with respect to state and local
jurisdiction income taxes (with such benefit taking into account the Corporation’s marginal U.S. federal income tax rate
for the relevant Taxable Year, the Assumed State and Local Tax Rate, and the deductibility, if any, of state and local jurisdiction
income taxes).

 

    	5

    	 

    

 

“Imputed
Interest” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(vi) of this Agreement.

 

“IRS”
means the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.

 

“Joinder”
means a joinder to this Agreement, in form and substance substantially similar to Exhibit A to this Agreement.

 

“Joinder
Requirement” is defined in Section 7.6(a) of this Agreement.

 

“LIBOR”
means for each month (or portion thereof) during any period, an interest rate per annum equal to the rate per annum reported,
on the date two Business Days prior to the first Business Day of such month, as published on the applicable Bloomberg screen page
(or other commercially available source providing quotations of LIBOR) for one-month London interbank offered rates for U.S. dollar
deposits for such month (or portion thereof). If LIBOR ceases to be published in accordance with the definition thereof, the Corporation
and the LLC shall work together in good faith to select a replacement rate with similar characteristics that gives due consideration
to the prevailing market conventions for determining rates of interest in the United States at such time, and from and after the
date LIBOR ceases to be so published any such replacement rate so selected shall be treated as LIBOR for purposes of this Agreement.

 

“LLC”
is defined in the preamble to this Agreement.

 

“LLC
Agreement” means that certain Fifth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the LLC, dated as of
the date hereof, as such agreement may be further amended, restated, supplemented and/or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

“LLC
Group” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Net
Tax Benefit” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(ii) of this Agreement.

 

“Non-Adjusted
Tax Basis” means (i) with respect to any Reference Asset at any time the tax basis for purposes of U.S. federal income
tax law that such asset would have had at such time if no Basis Adjustments had been made, and (ii) in the case of any Reference
Asset that is depreciable or amortizable (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any amortizable Section 197 intangible (as such
term is used in the Code), for purposes of U.S. federal income tax law, treating such Reference Asset as having a Common Basis
of zero at all times.

 

“Objection
Notice” is defined in Section 2.5(a)(i) of this Agreement.

 

“Parties”
means the parties named on the signature pages to this agreement and each additional party that satisfies the Joinder Requirement,
in each case with their respective successors and assigns.

 

    	6

    	 

    

 

“Person”
means any individual, corporation, firm, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, estate, trust, business association,
organization, governmental entity or other entity.

 

“Pre-Exchange
Transfer” means any transfer of one or more Units (including upon the death of a TRA Holder) (i) that occurs after the
Business Combination but prior to an Exchange of such Units and (ii) to which Section 743(b) of the Code applies.

 

“Realized
Tax Benefit” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(iv) of this Agreement.

 

“Realized
Tax Detriment” is defined in Section 3.1(b)(v) of this Agreement.

 

“Reconciliation
Dispute” is defined in Section 7.9 of this Agreement.

 

“Reconciliation
Procedures” is defined in Section 2.5(a) of this Agreement.

 

“Redemption”
has the meaning in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Reference
Asset” means any tangible or intangible asset of any member of the LLC Group or any of their respective successors or
assigns, whether held directly by the LLC or indirectly by the LLC through any entity in which the LLC now holds or may subsequently
hold an ownership interest (but only if such entity is treated as a partnership or disregarded entity for U.S. federal income
tax purposes and for purposes of state or local income tax law), at the time of an Exchange, Reorganization Transaction or other
applicable transaction. A Reference Asset also includes any asset the tax basis of which is determined, in whole or in part, by
reference to the tax basis of an asset that is described in the preceding sentence, including “substituted basis property”
within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(42) of the Code.

 

“Reorganization
Transactions” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Reorganization
Transaction Date” means the date of any applicable Reorganization Transaction.

 

“Reorganization
Transaction Date Attribute Schedule” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2 of this Agreement.

 

“Schedule”
means any of the following: (i) a Basis Schedule, (ii) a Reorganization Transaction Date Attribute Schedule, (iii) a Tax Benefit
Schedule, or (iv) the Early Termination Schedule, and, in each case, any amendments thereto.

 

“Senior
Obligations” is defined in Section 5.1 of this Agreement.

 

“Subsidiary”
means, with respect to any Person and as of the date of any determination, any other Person as to which such Person, owns, directly
or indirectly, or otherwise controls, more than 50% of the voting power or other similar interests, or the sole general partner
interest, or managing member or similar interest, of such Person.

 

    	7

    	 

    

 

“Subsidiary
Stock” means any stock or other equity interest in any Subsidiary of the Corporation that is treated as a corporation
for U.S. federal income tax purposes and applicable state and local tax purposes.

 

“Tax
Benefit Payment” is defined in Section 3.1(b) of this Agreement.

 

“Tax
Benefit Schedule” is defined in Section 2.4(a) of this Agreement.

 

“Tax
Return” means any return, declaration, report or similar statement filed or required to be filed with respect to taxes
(including any attached schedules), including, without limitation, any information return, claim for refund, amended return and
declaration of estimated tax.

 

“Taxable
Year” means a taxable year of the Corporation as defined in Section 441(b) of the Code or comparable section of U.S.
state or local tax law, as applicable (and, therefore, for the avoidance of doubt, may include a period of less than 12 months
for which a Tax Return is made), ending on or after the Business Combination Date.

 

“Taxing
Authority” means any national, federal, state, county, municipal, or local government, or any subdivision, agency, commission
or authority thereof, or any quasi-governmental body, or any other authority of any kind, exercising regulatory or other authority
in relation to tax matters.

 

“Termination
Objection Notice” is defined in Section 4.2 of this Agreement.

 

“TRA
Holders” is defined in the preamble to this Agreement.

 

“TRA
Holder Representative” means Thomas Severson, as of the date hereof, and any successor TRA Holder Representative that
may be appointed pursuant to Section 7.16 of this Agreement.

 

“Treasury
Regulations” means the final, temporary, and (to the extent they can be relied upon) proposed regulations under the
Code, as promulgated from time to time (including corresponding provisions and succeeding provisions) as in effect for the relevant
taxable period.

 

“True-Up”
is defined in Section 3.4 of this Agreement.

 

“U.S.”
means the United States of America.

 

“Units”
is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Valuation
Assumptions” means, as of an Early Termination Effective Date, the assumptions that:

 

(1)
in each Taxable Year ending on or after such Early Termination Effective Date, the Corporation will have taxable income sufficient
to fully use the deductions arising from the Basis Adjustments, Common Basis, Blocker Attributes, and the Imputed Interest during
such Taxable Year or future Taxable Years (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Basis Adjustments and Imputed Interest that
would result from future Tax Benefit Payments that would be paid in accordance with the Valuation Assumptions) in which such deductions
would become available, taking into account clause (4) below;

 

    	8

    	 

    

 

(2)
(i) the U.S. federal income tax rates that will be in effect for each such Taxable Year will be those specified for each such
Taxable Year by the Code and other law as in effect on the Early Termination Effective Date, except to the extent any change to
such tax rates for such Taxable Year have already been enacted into law, and (ii) the combined U.S. state and local income tax
rates (but not, for the avoidance of doubt, U.S. federal income tax rates) for each such Taxable Year shall be the Assumed State
and Local Tax Rate for the Taxable Year that includes the Early Termination Effective Date;

 

(3)
all taxable income of the Corporation will be subject to the maximum applicable tax rates for each Covered Tax throughout the
relevant period; provided, the combined tax rate for U.S. state and local income taxes (but not, for the avoidance of doubt,
federal income tax) shall be the Assumed State and Local Tax Rate, and, for the avoidance of doubt, the applicable calculations
shall take into account any U.S. federal income tax benefit actually realized by the Corporation with respect to state and local
jurisdiction income taxes (with such benefit taking into account the Corporation’s applicable marginal U.S. federal income
tax rate, the Assumed State and Local Tax Rate, and the deductibility, if any, of state and local jurisdiction income taxes);

 

(4)
any loss or disallowed interest or other loss carryovers or carryforwards generated by any Basis Adjustments, Common Basis, Blocker
Attributes, or Imputed Interest (including any such Basis Adjustments, and Imputed Interest generated as a result of payments
under this Agreement) and available as of the Early Termination Effective Date, and any Blocker Attributes that have not been
previously utilized in determining a Tax Benefit Payment as of the Early Termination Effective Date, will be used by the Corporation
on a pro rata basis over a fifteen-year period beginning on the Early Termination Effective Date, or up through their scheduled
expiration under applicable law (if earlier) (provided that, in any year that the Corporation is prevented from fully utilizing
net operating losses or other tax attributes attributable to a Blocker Corporation pursuant to Section 382, 383, or 384 of the
Code, or any successor provision or similar provision under state or local law, the amount utilized for purposes of this provision
shall not exceed the amount that would otherwise be utilizable under Section 382, 383, or 384 of the Code, or any successor provision
or similar provision under state or local law);

 

(5)
any non-amortizable assets (other than Subsidiary Stock) will be disposed of on the earlier of (i) the fifteenth anniversary of
the applicable Basis Adjustment (or, if such Basis Adjustment occurred more than fifteen years before the Early Termination Effective
Date, the Early Termination Effective Date) and (ii) the fifteenth anniversary of the Early Termination Effective Date;

 

(6)
any Subsidiary Stock will be deemed never to be disposed of except if Subsidiary Stock is directly disposed of in the Change of
Control;

 

    	9

    	 

    

 

(7)
if, on the Early Termination Effective Date, any TRA Holder has Units that have not been Exchanged, then such Units shall be deemed
to be Exchanged for the fair market value that would be received by such TRA Holder if such Units had been Exchanged on the Early
Termination Effective Date (including Units held by Blocker Corporations that have not consummated a Reorganization Transaction,
in which case, the relevant Blocker Corporation would be treated as having Exchanged its Units, in the manner set forth above
in this clause, and would be an Exchange TRA Holder (and not a Blocker TRA Holder) with respect to such Units), and such TRA Holder
shall be deemed to receive the amount of cash such TRA Holder would have been entitled to pursuant to Section 4.3(a) had such
Units actually been Exchanged on the Early Termination Effective Date; and

 

(8)
any payment obligations pursuant to this Agreement will be satisfied on the date that any Tax Return to which such payment obligation
relates is required to be filed under applicable law as of the Early Termination Effective Date excluding any extensions.

 

Section
1.2 Rules of Construction. Unless otherwise specified herein: 

 

(a)
The meanings of defined terms are equally applicable to the singular and plural forms of the defined terms.

 

(b)
For purposes of interpretation of this Agreement:

 

(i)
The words “herein,” “hereto,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and words of similar import
when used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision thereof.

 

(ii)
References in this Agreement to a Schedule, Article, Section, clause or sub-clause refer to the appropriate Schedule to, or Article,
Section, clause or subclause in, this Agreement.

 

(iii)
References in this Agreement to dollars or “$” refer to the lawful currency of the United States of America.

 

(iv)
The term “including” is by way of example and not limitation.

 

(v)
The term “documents” includes any and all instruments, documents, agreements, certificates, notices, reports, financial
statements and other writings, however evidenced, whether in physical or electronic form.

 

(vi)
The term “or” shall not be exclusive and shall instead mean “and/or.”

 

(c)
In the computation of periods of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word “from” means “from
and including;” the words “to” and “until” each mean “to but excluding;” and the word
“through” means “to and including.”

 

    	10

    	 

    

 

(d)
Unless otherwise expressly provided herein, (a) references to organization documents (including the LLC Agreement), agreements
(including this Agreement) and other contractual instruments shall be deemed to include all subsequent amendments, restatements,
extensions, supplements and other modifications thereto, but only to the extent that such amendments, restatements, extensions,
supplements and other modifications are permitted hereby; and (b) references to any law (including the Code and the Treasury Regulations)
shall include all statutory and regulatory provisions consolidating, amending, replacing, supplementing or interpreting such law.

 

Article
II.

DETERMINATION OF REALIZED TAX BENEFIT

 

Section 2.1 Basis
Adjustments; LLC 754 Election; Revaluation. 

 

(a)
Basis Adjustments. The Parties acknowledge and agree to treat (A) to the fullest extent permitted by law each Direct Exchange
as giving rise to Basis Adjustments and (B) to the fullest extent permitted by law each Redemption using cash or Class A Common
Stock contributed to the LLC by the Corporation as a direct purchase of Units by the Corporation from the applicable Exchange
TRA Holder pursuant to Section 707(a)(2)(B) of the Code as giving rise to Basis Adjustments.

 

(b)
Section 754 Election. The Corporation shall ensure that, on and after the date hereof and continuing throughout the term
of this Agreement, the LLC and each other member of the LLC Group that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes will have in effect an election under Section 754 of the Code (and under any similar provisions of applicable U.S. state
or local law).

 

(c)
Revaluation. Pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 1.704-1 of the Treasury Regulations, for U.S. federal income
tax purposes (and any corresponding U.S. state or local tax purposes), the LLC shall revalue its property to fair market value
as of the time of the Business Combination.

 

Section
2.2 Reorganization Transaction Date Attribute Schedule. At least thirty (30) days prior to any Reorganization
Transaction, the relevant Blocker Corporation shall deliver to the Corporation and the TRA Holder Representative an estimated
schedule (the “Estimated Reorganization Transaction Date Attribute Schedule”) of (a) the Blocker
Attributes of each of the Blocker Entities as of December 31 of the calendar year ending immediately prior to the year of the
applicable Reorganization Transaction and as of the date of the applicable Reorganization Transaction and (b) any current or
anticipated (including after the Reorganization) applicable limitations on the use of the Blocker Attributes for tax purposes
(including under Section 382 of the Code). Within ninety (90) days after the filing of the U.S. federal income Tax Return of
the relevant Blocker Corporation for its short Taxable Year including the Reorganization Transaction, the Corporation, in
consultation with the Advisory Firm, the TRA Holder Representative and the relevant Blocker TRA Holder, shall update the
Estimated Reorganization Transaction Date Attribute Schedule to reflect the actual Blocker Attributes reflected on such Tax
Returns and the Corporation shall deliver such updated schedule (the “Reorganization Transaction Date Attribute
Schedule”) to the TRA Holder Representative and the relevant Blocker TRA Holder. The Reorganization Transaction
Date Attribute Schedule will become final and binding on the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 2.5(a)
and may be amended by the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 2.5(b). 

 

    	11

    	 

    

 

Section 2.3 Basis
Schedules. Within ninety (90) days after the filing of the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for each
relevant Taxable Year, the Corporation shall deliver to the TRA Holder Representative a schedule developed in consultation
with the Advisory Firm (the “Basis Schedule”) that shows, in reasonable detail as necessary in order to
understand the calculations performed under this Agreement: (a) the Basis Adjustments with respect to the Reference Assets as
a result of the relevant Exchanges effected in such Taxable Year, (b) the period (or periods) over which each Basis
Adjustment is amortizable and/or depreciable, (c) the Non-Adjusted Tax Basis with respect to the Reference Assets described
in clause (a) as of each relevant Exchange, (d) the Common Basis Attributable to the relevant TRA Holder that remains (if
any) and may give rise to payments pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and (e) the period (or periods) over which the
Common Basis is amortizable and/or depreciable. The Basis Schedule will become final and binding on the Parties pursuant to
the procedures set forth in Section 2.5(a) and may be amended by the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section
2.5(b). 

 

Section
2.4 Tax Benefit Schedules. 

 

(a)
Tax Benefit Schedule. Within ninety (90) days after the filing of the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation
for any Taxable Year in which there is a Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment, the Corporation shall provide to the
TRA Holder Representative a schedule developed in consultation with the Advisory Firm showing, in reasonable detail, the calculation
of the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year (a “Tax Benefit Schedule”). The
Tax Benefit Schedule will become final and binding on the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 2.5(a), and
may be amended by the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 2.5(b).

 

(b)
Applicable Principles. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment
for each Taxable Year is intended to measure the decrease or increase in the actual liability of the Corporation for Covered Taxes
for such Taxable Year attributable to the Basis Adjustments, Common Basis, Blocker Attributes, and Imputed Interest, as determined
using a “with and without” methodology described in Section 2.5(a). Carryovers, carryforwards, or carrybacks, of any
tax item attributable to any Basis Adjustment, Common Basis, Blocker Attributes, or Imputed Interest or any other tax item in
respect thereof shall be considered to be subject to the rules of the Code and the Treasury Regulations or the appropriate provisions
of U.S. state or local tax law, as applicable, governing the use, limitation, and expiration of carryovers, carryforwards, carrybacks,
or other tax items of the relevant type. If a carryover or carryback of any tax item includes a portion that is attributable to
any Basis Adjustments, Common Basis, Blocker Attributes, or Imputed Interest (a “TRA Portion”) and another
portion that is not (a “Non-TRA Portion”), such portions shall be considered to be used in accordance with
the “with and without” methodology so that: (i) the amount of any Non-TRA Portion is deemed utilized first, followed
by the amount of any TRA Portion (calculated by taking into account the provisions of Section 3.3(a) to the extent applicable);
and (ii) in the case of a carryback of a Non-TRA Portion, such carryback shall not affect the original “with and without”
calculation made in the prior Taxable Year. The Parties agree to treat (i) all Tax Benefit Payments (other than Imputed Interest)
solely to the extent attributable to an Exchange and to the extent permitted by applicable law (A) as subsequent upward purchase
price adjustments that give rise to further Basis Adjustments in respect of an applicable Exchange and (B) have the effect of
creating additional Basis Adjustments arising in the Taxable Year in which the applicable Tax Benefit Payment is made and (ii)
as a result, to the extent permitted by applicable law, any additional Basis Adjustments arising from such a Tax Benefit Payment
shall be treated as giving rise to a Basis Adjustment in the Taxable Year in which the Tax Benefit Payment is made on an iterative
basis continuing until any incremental Basis Adjustment is immaterial as reasonably determined by the TRA Holder Representative
and the Corporation in good faith and in consultation with the Advisory Firm.

 

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Section
2.5 Procedures; Amendments. 

 

(a)
Procedures. Each time the Corporation delivers an applicable Schedule to the TRA Holder Representative, under this Agreement,
including any Amended Schedule delivered pursuant to Section 2.5(b), but excluding any Early Termination Schedule or amended Early
Termination Schedule delivered pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 4.2, the Corporation shall also: (x) deliver supporting
schedules and work papers from an Advisory Firm and any additional materials as reasonably requested by the TRA Holder Representative
that are reasonably necessary in order to understand the calculations that were relevant for purposes of preparing the Schedule;
and (y) allow the TRA Holder Representative and its advisors to have reasonable access to the appropriate representatives, as
reasonably requested by the TRA Holder Representative, at the Corporation and the applicable Advisory Firm in connection with
a review of such Schedule. Without limiting the generality of the preceding sentence, the Corporation shall ensure that any Tax
Benefit Schedule that is delivered to the TRA Holder Representative, along with any supporting schedules and work papers, provides
a reasonably detailed presentation of the calculation of the actual liability of the Corporation for Covered Taxes (the “with”
calculation) and the Hypothetical Tax Liability of the Corporation (the “without” calculation), and identifies any
material assumptions or operating procedures or principles that were used for purposes of such calculations. An applicable Schedule
or amendment thereto shall become final and binding on the Parties forty-five (45) days from the date on which the TRA Holder
Representative first receives the applicable Schedule or amendment thereto unless:

 

(i)
the TRA Holder Representative within forty-five (45) days after receiving the applicable Schedule or amendment thereto, or any
TRA Holder impacted by the applicable Schedule or amendment thereto, provides the Corporation with written notice of a material
objection to such Schedule that is made in good faith and that sets forth in reasonable detail the TRA Holder Representative or
TRA Holder’s material objection (an “Objection Notice”) or

 

(ii)
the TRA Holder Representative provides a written waiver of its right to deliver an Objection Notice within the time period described
in clause (i) above, in which case such Schedule or amendment thereto becomes binding on the date the waiver from the TRA Representative
is received by the Corporation.

 

    	13

    	 

    

 

In
the event that the TRA Holder Representative or any TRA Holder timely delivers an Objection Notice pursuant to clause (i) above,
and if the Corporation and the TRA Holder Representative or applicable TRA Holder(s), for any reason, are unable to successfully
resolve the issues raised in the Objection Notice through good faith discussions within thirty (30) days after receipt by the
Corporation of the Objection Notice, the Corporation and the TRA Holder Representative or applicable TRA Holders shall employ
the reconciliation procedures as described in Section 7.9 of this Agreement (the “Reconciliation Procedures”).

 

(b)
Amended Schedule. The applicable Schedule for any Taxable Year may be amended from time to time by the Corporation: (i)
in connection with a Determination affecting such Schedule; (ii) to correct material inaccuracies in the Schedule identified as
a result of the receipt of additional factual information relating to a Taxable Year after the date the Schedule was originally
provided to the TRA Holder Representative; (iii) to comply with an Expert’s determination under the Reconciliation Procedures
applicable to this Agreement; (iv) to reflect a change in the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable
Year attributable to a carryback or carryforward of a loss or other tax item to such Taxable Year; (v) to reflect a change in
the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year attributable to an amended Tax Return filed for such
Taxable Year; or (vi) to adjust a Basis Schedule to take into account any Tax Benefit Payments made pursuant to this Agreement
(any such Schedule, an “Amended Schedule”).

 

Article
III.

TAX BENEFIT PAYMENTS

 

Section 3.1 Timing
and Amount of Tax Benefit Payments. 

 

(a)
Timing of Payments. Except as provided in Sections 3.4, and subject to Sections 3.2 and 3.3, within three (3) Business
Days following the date on which each Tax Benefit Schedule that is required to be delivered by the Corporation to the TRA Holder
Representative pursuant to Section 2.4(a) of this Agreement becomes final in accordance with Section 2.5(a) of this Agreement,
the Corporation shall pay to each relevant TRA Holder the Tax Benefit Payment as determined pursuant to Section 3.1(b) that is
Attributable to the relevant TRA Holder. Each such Tax Benefit Payment shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available
funds to the bank account previously designated by such TRA Holder or as otherwise agreed by the Corporation and such TRA Holder.
For the avoidance of doubt, without limiting the Corporation’s ability to make offsets against Tax Benefit Payments with
respect to a particular TRA Holder to the extent permitted by Section 3.5, the TRA Holders shall not be required under any circumstances
to return any portion of any Tax Benefit Payment previously paid by the Corporation to the TRA Holders (including any portion
of any Estimated Tax Benefit Payment or any Early Termination Payment).

 

    	14

    	 

    

 

(b)
Amount of Payments. For purposes of this Agreement, a “Tax Benefit Payment” with respect to any TRA
Holder means an amount, not less than zero, equal to the sum of: (i) the portion of the Net Tax Benefit that is Attributable to
such TRA Holder (including Imputed Interest, if any, calculated in respect of such amount); and (ii) the Actual Interest Amount
and any Default Rate Interest with respect to the Net Tax Benefit described in (i).

 

(i)
Attributable. A Net Tax Benefit is “Attributable” to (A) an Exchange TRA Holder to the extent that it
is derived from any Common Basis, Basis Adjustment, or Imputed Interest, that is attributable to such Exchange TRA Holder (whether
through an Exchange or otherwise, which in the case of Common Basis shall be based on the Common Basis attributable to such Exchange
TRA Holder’s LLC Units subject to a given Exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes as of immediately prior to the applicable
Exchange(s)), and (B) any Blocker TRA Holder to the extent that it is derived from any Common Basis, Blocker Attributes, or Imputed
Interest (whether attributable to a Reorganization Transaction in respect of such Blocker TRA Holder’s interest in a Blocker
Corporation, the Units held by such Blocker Corporation, or otherwise, which in the case of Common Basis shall be based on the
Common Basis attributable to such Blocker TRA Holder’s (direct or indirect (through a Blocker Corporation)) LLC Units included
in a Reorganization Transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes as of immediately prior to such Reorganization Transaction),
in the case of each of (A) and (B), determined without regard to any dilutive or antidilutive effect of any contribution to or
distribution from the LLC after an applicable Exchange or Reorganization Transaction.

 

(ii)
Net Tax Benefit. The “Net Tax Benefit” for a Taxable Year equals the amount of the excess, if any, of
(x) 85% of the Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit as of the end of such Taxable Year over (y) the aggregate amount of all Tax
Benefit Payments previously made under this Section 3.1. For the avoidance of doubt, without limiting the Corporation’s
ability to make offsets against Tax Benefit Payments with respect to a particular TRA Holder to the extent permitted by Section
3.5, if the Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit as of the end of any Taxable Year is less than the aggregate amount of all Tax
Benefit Payments previously made, no TRA Holder shall be required to return any portion of any Tax Benefit Payment previously
made by the Corporation to such TRA Holder.

 

(iii)
Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit. The “Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit” for a Taxable Year equals
the cumulative amount of Realized Tax Benefits for all Taxable Years of the Corporation, up to and including such Taxable Year,
net of the cumulative amount of Realized Tax Detriments for the same periods. The Realized Tax Benefit and Realized Tax Detriment
for each Taxable Year shall be determined based on the most recent Tax Benefit Schedule or Amended Schedule, if any, in existence
at the time of such determination. The computation of the Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit shall be adjusted to reflect any
applicable Determination with respect to any Realized Tax Benefits and/or Realized Tax Detriments.

 

(iv)
Realized Tax Benefit. The “Realized Tax Benefit” for a Taxable Year equals the excess, if any, of (a)
the Hypothetical Tax Liability over (b) the actual liability of the Corporation for Covered Taxes; provided, that for purposes
of determining the Hypothetical Tax Liability and actual liability of the Corporation for Covered Taxes, the Corporation shall
use the Assumed State and Local Tax Rate for purposes of determining such liabilities for all state and local Covered Taxes. For
the avoidance of doubt, the calculation of the Hypothetical Tax Liability and the actual liability of the Corporation for Covered
Taxes shall take into account any U.S. federal income tax benefit, if any, received by the Corporation with respect to state and
local jurisdiction income taxes (with such benefit taking into account the Corporation’s marginal U.S. federal income tax
rate for the relevant Taxable Year, the Assumed State and Local Tax Rate, and the deductibility, if any, of state and local jurisdiction
income taxes). If all or a portion of the actual liability for such Covered Taxes for the Taxable Year arises as a result of an
audit by a Taxing Authority of any Taxable Year, such liability shall not be included in determining the Realized Tax Benefit
unless and until there has been a Determination.

 

    	15

    	 

    

 

(v)
Realized Tax Detriment. The “Realized Tax Detriment” for a Taxable Year equals the excess, if any, of
the actual liability of the Corporation for Covered Taxes over the Hypothetical Tax Liability for such Taxable Year; provided,
that for purposes of determining the Hypothetical Tax Liability and actual liability of the Corporation for Covered Taxes, the
Corporation shall use the Assumed State and Local Tax Rate for purposes of determining such liabilities for all state and local
Covered Taxes. For the avoidance of doubt, the calculation of the Hypothetical Tax Liability and the actual liability of the Corporation
for Covered Taxes shall take into account any U.S. federal income tax benefit received by the Corporation with respect to state
and local jurisdiction income taxes (with such benefit taking into account the Corporation’s marginal U.S. federal income
tax rate for the relevant Taxable Year, the Assumed State and Local Tax Rate, and the deductibility, if any, of state and local
jurisdiction income taxes). If all or a portion of the actual liability for such Covered Taxes for the Taxable Year arises as
a result of an audit by a Taxing Authority of any Taxable Year, such liability shall not be included in determining the Realized
Tax Detriment unless and until there has been a Determination.

 

(vi)
Imputed Interest. The Parties acknowledge that the principles of Sections 1272, 1274, or 483 of the Code, as applicable,
and the principles of any similar provision of U.S. state and local tax law, may, as applicable, apply to cause a portion of any
payments by the Corporation to a TRA Holder under this Agreement to be treated as imputed interest (“Imputed Interest”).
For the avoidance of doubt, the deduction for the amount of Imputed Interest, if any, as determined with respect to any payments
made by the Corporation to a TRA Holder shall be excluded in determining the Hypothetical Tax Liability of the Corporation for
purposes of calculating Realized Tax Benefits and Realized Tax Detriments pursuant to this Agreement.

 

(vii)
Actual Interest Amount. Subject to Section 3.4, the “Actual Interest Amount” calculated in respect of
the Net Tax Benefit for a Taxable Year, will equal an amount equal to interest calculated at the Agreed Rate from the due date
(without extensions) for filing the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for such Taxable Year until the date on
which the Corporation makes a timely Tax Benefit Payment to the TRA Holder on or before the Final Payment Date as determined pursuant
to Section 3.1(a).

 

(viii)
Default Rate Interest. In accordance with Section 5.2, in the event that the Corporation does not make timely payment of
all or any portion of a Tax Benefit Payment to a TRA Holder on or before the Final Payment Date as determined pursuant to Section
3.1(a), the amount of any “Default Rate Interest” calculated and payable in accordance with Section 5.2 (if any) in
respect of the Tax Benefit Payment (including previously accrued Imputed Interest and Actual Interest Amounts) for a Taxable Year
will equal interest calculated at the Default Rate from the Final Payment Date for a Tax Benefit Payment as determined pursuant
to Section 3.1(a) until the date on which the Corporation makes such Tax Benefit Payment to such TRA Holder.

 

    	16

    	 

    

 

(ix)
The Corporation and the TRA Holders hereby acknowledge and agree that, as of the date of this Agreement and as of the date of
any future Exchange that may be subject to this Agreement, the aggregate value of the Tax Benefit Payments cannot be reasonably
ascertained for U.S. federal income or other applicable tax purposes. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement,
with respect to each Exchange by any TRA Holder, if such TRA Holder notifies the Corporation in writing of a stated maximum selling
price (within the meaning of Treasury Regulation 15A.453-1(c)(2)) to be applied with respect to such Exchange, the amount of the
initial consideration received in connection with such Exchange and the aggregate Tax Benefit Payments to such TRA Holder in respect
of such Exchange (other than amounts accounted for as interest under the Code) shall not exceed such stated maximum selling price.

 

(c)
Interest. The provisions of Section 3.1(b) and Section 5.2 in respect of Default Rate Interest are intended to operate
so that interest will effectively accrue (or in the case of Imputed Interest be treated as accruing solely for U.S. federal income
or applicable state or local income tax purposes) in respect of the Net Tax Benefit (or Tax Benefit Payment in respect of any
Actual Interest Amount or Default Rate Interest) for any Taxable Year as follows:

 

(i)
first, solely for U.S. federal income or applicable state or local income tax purposes, at the applicable rate used to determine
the amount of Imputed Interest under the Code (from the relevant Exchange Date or Reorganization Transaction Date until the due
date (without extensions) for filing the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for such Taxable Year and, if required
under applicable law, through the Final Payment Date for a Tax Benefit Payment as determined pursuant to Section 3.1(a));

 

(ii)
second, at the Agreed Rate (from the due date (without extensions) for filing the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation
for such Taxable Year until the Final Payment Date for a Tax Benefit Payment as determined pursuant to Section 3.1(a)); and

 

(iii)
third, in accordance with Section 5.2, at the Default Rate (from the Final Payment Date for a Tax Benefit Payment as determined
pursuant to Section 3.1(a) until the date on which the Corporation makes the relevant Tax Benefit Payment to the applicable TRA
Holder).

 

Section
3.2 No Duplicative Payments. It is intended that the provisions of this Agreement will not result in the duplicative
payment of any amount (including interest) that may be required under this Agreement and the provisions of this Agreement
shall be consistently interpreted and applied in accordance with that intent. 

 

    	17

    	 

    

 

Section 3.3 Pro-Ration
of Payments as Between the TRA Holders. 

 

(a)
Insufficient Taxable Income. Notwithstanding anything in Section 3.1(b) to the contrary, if the aggregate potential depreciation,
amortization or other tax benefit in respect of the Basis Adjustments, Blocker Attributes, Imputed Interest, Actual Interest Amounts,
and Default Rate Interest for purposes of determining the Corporation’s liability for Covered Taxes (the “Covered
Tax Benefit”) is limited in a particular Taxable Year because the Corporation does not have sufficient taxable income,
then the available Covered Tax Benefit for the Corporation shall be allocated among the TRA Holders in proportion to the respective
Tax Benefit Payments that would have been payable if the Corporation had in fact had sufficient taxable income and there had been
no such limitation. As an illustration of the intended operation of this Section 3.3(a), if the Corporation had $200 of aggregate
potential Covered Tax Benefits in a particular Taxable Year (with $50 of such Covered Tax Benefits being attributable to TRA Holder
1 and $150 of such Covered Tax Benefits being attributable to TRA Holder 2), such that TRA Holder 1 would have potentially been
entitled to a Tax Benefit Payment of $10.62 and TRA Holder 2 would have been entitled to a Tax Benefit Payment of $31.87 if the
Corporation had $200 of actual taxable income (assuming for purposes of this illustration a 25% tax rate), and if the Corporation
in fact (for purposes of this illustration) only had $100 of actual taxable income in such Taxable Year, then $25 of the aggregate
$100 actual Covered Tax Benefit for the Corporation for such Taxable Year would be allocated to TRA Holder 1 and $75 of the aggregate
$100 actual Covered Tax benefit for the Corporation would be allocated to TRA Holder 2, such that TRA Holder 1 would receive a
Tax Benefit Payment of $5.31 and TRA Holder 2 would receive a Tax Benefit Payment of $15.94. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary
in Section 3.1(b), in no event will the aggregate of the portions of the Net Tax Benefit that are “Attributable” to
the TRA Holders exceed 100% of the Net Tax Benefit.

 

(b)
Late Payments. If for any reason the Corporation is not able to timely and fully satisfy its payment obligations under
this Agreement in respect of a particular Taxable Year, then Default Rate Interest will begin to accrue pursuant to Section 5.2
and the Corporation and other Parties agree that (i) the Corporation shall pay the Tax Benefit Payments due in respect of such
Taxable Year to each TRA Holder pro rata in proportion to the amount of such Tax Benefit Payments, without favoring one obligation
over the other, and (ii) no Tax Benefit Payment shall be made in respect of any Taxable Year until all Tax Benefit Payments to
all TRA Holders in respect of all prior Taxable Years have been made in full.

 

    	18

    	 

    

 

Section 3.4 Optional
Estimated Tax Benefit Payment Procedure. As long as the Corporation is current in respect of its payment obligations owed
to each TRA Holder pursuant to this Agreement and there are no delinquent Tax Benefit Payments (including interest thereon)
outstanding in respect of prior Taxable Years for any TRA Holder, the Corporation may, at any time on or after the due date
(without extensions) for filing the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for a Taxable Year and at the
Corporation’s option, in its sole discretion, make one or more estimated payments to the TRA Holders in respect of any
anticipated amounts to be owed with respect to a Taxable Year to the TRA Holders pursuant to Section 3.1 of this Agreement
(any such estimated payment referred to as an “Estimated Tax Benefit Payment”); provided that any
Estimated Tax Benefit Payment made to a TRA Holder pursuant to this Section 3.4 is matched by a proportionately equal
Estimated Tax Benefit Payment to all other TRA Holders then entitled to a Tax Benefit Payment. Any Estimated Tax Benefit
Payment made under this Section 3.4 shall be paid by the Corporation to the TRA Holders and applied against the final amount
of any Tax Benefit Payment to be made pursuant to Section 3.1. The payment of an Estimated Tax Benefit Payment by the
Corporation to the TRA Holders pursuant to this Section 3.4 shall also terminate the obligation of the Corporation to make
payment of any Actual Interest Amount that might have otherwise accrued with respect to the proportionate amount of the Tax
Benefit Payment that is being paid in advance of the applicable Tax Benefit Schedule being finalized pursuant to Section 2.5.
Upon the making of any Estimated Tax Benefit Payment pursuant to this Section 3.4, the amount of such Estimated Tax Benefit
Payment shall first be applied to any estimated Actual Interest Amount, and then applied to the remaining residual amount of
the Tax Benefit Payment to be made pursuant to Section 3.1. In determining the final amount of any Tax Benefit Payment to be
made pursuant to Section 3.1, and for purposes of finalizing the Tax Benefit Schedule pursuant to Section 2.5, the amount of
any Estimated Tax Benefit Payments that may have been made with respect to the Taxable Year shall be increased if the finally
determined Tax Benefit Payment for a Taxable Year exceeds the Estimated Tax Benefit Payments made for such Taxable Year, with
such increase being paid by the Corporation to the TRA Holders along with an appropriate Actual Interest Amount (and any
Default Rate Interest) in respect of the amount of such increase (a “True-Up”). If the Estimated Tax
Benefit Payment to a TRA Holder for a Taxable Year exceeds the finally determined Tax Benefit Payment to the TRA Holder for
such Taxable Year, such excess shall be applied to reduce the amount of any subsequent future Tax Benefit Payments (including
Estimated Tax Benefit Payments, if any) to be paid by the Corporation to such TRA Holder. As of the date on which any
Estimated Tax Benefit Payments are made, and as of the date on which any True-Up is made, all such payments shall be made in
the same manner and subject to the same terms and conditions as otherwise contemplated by Section 3.1 and all other
applicable terms of this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, as is the case with Tax Benefit Payments made by the
Corporation to the TRA Holders pursuant to Section 3.1, the Parties intend to treat the amount of any Estimated Tax Benefit
Payments made pursuant to this Section 3.4 that are attributable to an Exchange in part as subsequent upward purchase price
adjustments that give rise to Basis Adjustments in the Taxable Year of payment to the extent permitted by applicable law and
as of the date on which such payments are made (exclusive of any amounts treated as Imputed Interest); provided that
any additional Basis Adjustments arising from an Estimated Tax Benefit Payment will be determined on an iterative basis
continuing until any incremental Basis Adjustment is immaterial as determined by the TRA Holder Representative and the
Corporation in good faith and in consultation with the Advisory Firm. 

 

Section
3.5 Overpayments. To the extent the Corporation makes any Tax Benefit Payment to a TRA Holder in respect of a particular
Taxable Year in an amount in excess of the amount of such payment that should have been made to such TRA Holder in respect of
such Taxable Year (taking into account this Article III) under the terms of this Agreement, then such excess shall be applied
to reduce the amount of any subsequent future Tax Benefit Payments (including Estimated Tax Benefit Payments, if any) to be paid
by the Corporation to such TRA Holder and such TRA Holder shall not receive any further Tax Benefit Payments (including Estimated
Tax Benefit Payments, if any) until such TRA Holder has foregone an amount of Tax Benefit Payments equal to such excess. The amount
of any excess Tax Benefit Payment shall be deemed to have been paid by the Corporation to the relevant TRA Holders on the original
due date for the filing of the subsequent Tax Return to which the excess Tax Benefit Payment relates for purposes of determining
the Actual Interest Amount to which such relevant TRA Holders shall be entitled. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything to
the contrary contained in this Agreement, the TRA Holders shall not be required, under any circumstances, to return any portion
of any Tax Benefit Payment previously paid by the Corporation to the TRA Holders (including any portion of any Estimated Tax Benefit
Payment or any Early Termination Payment).

 

    	19

    	 

    

 

Article
IV.

TERMINATION

 

Section
4.1 Early Termination of Agreement; Breach of Agreement. 

 

(a)
Corporation’s Early Termination Right. The Corporation may completely terminate this Agreement, as and to the extent
provided herein, with respect to all amounts payable to the TRA Holders pursuant to this Agreement by paying to the TRA Holders
the Early Termination Payments; provided that Early Termination Payments may be made pursuant to this Section 4.1(a) only
if made to all TRA Holders that are entitled to such a payment, and provided further, that the Corporation may withdraw
any notice to execute its termination rights under this Section 4.1(a) prior to the time at which any Early Termination Payment
has been paid. Upon the Corporation’s payment of the Early Termination Payments, the Corporation shall not have any further
payment obligations under this Agreement, other than with respect to any: (i) prior Tax Benefit Payments that are due and payable
under this Agreement but that still remain unpaid as of the date of the Early Termination Notice and that remain unpaid as of
the payment of the Early Termination Payments (which Tax Benefit Payments shall not be included in the Early Termination Payments);
and (ii) current Tax Benefit Payments due for the Taxable Year ending on or including the date of the Early Termination Notice
(except to the extent that the amount described in clause (ii) is included in the calculation of the Early Termination Payments
or is included in clause (i)) that remain unpaid as of the payment of the Early Termination Payments. If an Exchange or Reorganization
Transaction subsequently occurs with respect to Units (including Units held by Blocker Entities) for which the Corporation has
exercised its termination rights under this Section 4.1(a) and paid all amounts owed in connection with the exercise of such rights,
the Corporation shall have no obligations under this Agreement with respect to such Exchange or Reorganization Transaction.

 

(b)
Acceleration Upon Change of Control. In the event of a Change of Control, the TRA Holder Representative shall have the
option, by written notice to the Corporation, to cause the acceleration of all unpaid payment obligations of the Corporation hereunder
as calculated pursuant to this Article IV as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the closing date of the Change
of Control and utilizing the Valuation Assumptions by substituting the phrase “the closing date of a Change of Control”
in each place where the phrase “Early Termination Effective Date” appears. Such obligations shall include, without
duplication, but not be limited to, (i) the Early Termination Payments calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered
on the closing date of the Change of Control, (ii) any Tax Benefit Payments agreed to by the Corporation and the TRA Holders as
due and payable but unpaid as of the Early Termination Notice (which Tax Benefit Payments shall not be included in the Early Termination
Payments) and that remain unpaid as of the payment of the Early Termination Payments, and (iii) any Tax Benefit Payments due for
any Taxable Year ending prior to, with or including the closing date of a Change of Control unpaid as of the Early Termination
Notice (except to the extent that any amounts described in clause (iii) are included in the Early Termination Payments or are
included in clause (ii)) and that remain unpaid as of the payment of the Early Termination Payments. For the avoidance of doubt,
Sections 4.2 and 4.3 shall apply to a Change of Control, mutadis mutandis.

 

    	20

    	 

    

 

(c)
Acceleration Upon Breach of Agreement. In the event that the Corporation materially breaches any of its material obligations
under this Agreement, whether as a result of failure to make any payment when due, failure to honor any other material obligation
required hereunder, or by operation of law as a result of the rejection of this Agreement in a case commenced under Title 11 of
the United States Code (11 U.S.C. § 101 et seq.) (the “Bankruptcy Code”) or otherwise, then, at the option
of the TRA Holder Representative, all obligations of the Corporation hereunder shall be accelerated and become immediately due
and payable upon notice of acceleration from the TRA Holder Representative (provided that in the case of any proceeding under
the Bankruptcy Code or other insolvency statute, such acceleration shall be automatic without any such notice), and such obligations
shall be calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the date of such notice of acceleration (or, in the
case of any proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code or other insolvency statute, on the date of such breach) and shall include, but
not be limited to: (i) the Early Termination Payments calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the date
of such acceleration; (ii) any prior Tax Benefit Payments that are due and payable under this Agreement but that still remain
unpaid as of the date of such acceleration (which Tax Benefit Payments shall not be included in the Early Termination Payments)
and that remain unpaid as of the payment of the Early Termination Payments; and (iii) any current Tax Benefit Payments due for
the Taxable Year ending with or including the date of such acceleration (except to the extent included in the Early Termination
Payments or in clause (ii)) and that remain unpaid as of the payment of the Early Termination Payments. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
in the event that the Corporation breaches this Agreement and such breach is not a material breach of a material obligation, the
TRA Holder Representative and each TRA Holder shall still be entitled to enforce all of its rights otherwise available under this
Agreement, excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, seeking or otherwise obtaining an acceleration of amounts payable under this
Agreement pursuant to this Section 4.1(c). For purposes of this Section 4.1(c), and subject to the following sentence, the Parties
agree that the failure to make any payment due pursuant to this Agreement within sixty (60) days of the relevant Final Payment
Date shall be deemed to be a material breach of a material obligation under this Agreement for all purposes of this Agreement,
and that it will not be considered to be a material breach of a material obligation under this Agreement to make a payment due
pursuant to this Agreement within sixty (60) days of the relevant Final Payment Date. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement
to the contrary, it shall not be a material breach of a material obligation of this Agreement if the Corporation fails to make
any Tax Benefit Payment within sixty (60) days of the relevant Final Payment Date to the extent that the Corporation has insufficient
funds or cannot make such payment as a result of obligations imposed in connection with the Senior Obligations or under applicable
law, and cannot obtain sufficient funds to make such payments by taking commercially reasonable actions or would become insolvent
as a result of making such payment; provided that the interest provisions of Section 5.2 shall apply to such late payment (unless
the Corporation does not have sufficient funds to make such payment as a result of limitations imposed by any Senior Obligations,
in which case Section 5.2 shall apply, but the Default Rate shall be replaced by the Agreed Rate); and further provided that such
payment obligation shall nonetheless accrue for the benefit of the TRA Holders and the Corporation shall make such payment at
the first opportunity that it has sufficient funds and is otherwise able to make such payment.

 

    	21

    	 

    

 

Section
4.2 Early Termination Notice. If the Corporation chooses to exercise its right of early termination under Section 4.1 above,
the Corporation shall deliver to the TRA Holder Representative a notice of the Corporation’s decision to exercise such right
(an “Early Termination Notice”). Upon delivery of the Early Termination Notice or the occurrence of an event
described in Section 4.1(b) or (c) (or an early termination pursuant to Section 4.1(d)), the Corporation shall deliver a schedule
developed in consultation with the Advisory Firm (the “Early Termination Schedule”) showing in reasonable detail
the calculation of the Early Termination Payment. The Corporation shall also (x) deliver to the TRA Holder Representative supporting
schedules and work papers from an Advisory Firm and any additional materials reasonably requested by the TRA Holder Representative
that are reasonably necessary in order to understand the calculations that were relevant for purposes of preparing the Early Termination
Schedule; and (y) allow the TRA Holder Representative and its advisors to have reasonable access to the appropriate representatives
at the Corporation and the applicable Advisory Firm as determined by the Corporation or as reasonably requested by the TRA Holder
Representative, in connection with a review of such Early Termination Schedule. The Early Termination Schedule shall become final
and binding on each Party forty-five (45) days from the first date on which the TRA Holder Representative received such Early
Termination Schedule unless: 

 

(i)
the TRA Holder Representative within forty-five (45) days after receiving the Early Termination Schedule, provides the Corporation
with notice of a material objection to such Early Termination Schedule made in good faith and setting forth in reasonable detail
the TRA Holder Representative’s material objection (a “Termination Objection Notice”); or

 

(ii)
the TRA Holder Representative provides a written waiver of such right of a Termination Objection Notice within the period described
in clause (i) above, in which case such Early Termination Schedule becomes binding on the date the waiver from the TRA Holder
Representative is received by the Corporation.

 

In
the event that the TRA Holder Representative timely delivers a Termination Objection Notice pursuant to clause (i) above, and
if the Parties, for any reason, are unable to successfully resolve the issues raised in the Termination Objection Notice within
thirty (30) days after receipt by the Corporation of the Termination Objection Notice, the Corporation and the TRA Holder Representative
shall employ the Reconciliation Procedures. The date on which the Early Termination Schedule becomes final in accordance with
this Section 4.2 shall be the “Early Termination Reference Date.”

 

Section
4.3 Payment Upon Early Termination. 

 

(a)
Timing of Payment. Within three (3) Business Days after the Early Termination Reference Date, the Corporation shall pay
to each TRA Holder an amount equal to the Early Termination Payment for such TRA Holder. Such Early Termination Payment shall
be made by the Corporation by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account or accounts designated by such TRA
Holder or as otherwise agreed by the Corporation and such TRA Holder.

 

    	22

    	 

    

 

(b)
Amount of Payment. The “Early Termination Payment” payable to a TRA Holder pursuant to and subject to
Section 4.3(a) shall equal the present value, discounted at the Early Termination Rate as determined as of the Early Termination
Reference Date, of all Tax Benefit Payments that would be required to be paid (and which have not yet been paid prior to the Early
Termination Effective Date) by the Corporation to such TRA Holder, whether payable with respect to Units that were Exchanged prior
to the Early Termination Effective Date or on or after the Early Termination Effective Date (including Units held by Blocker Corporations
that have not consummated a Reorganization Transaction, in which case, the relevant Blocker Corporation shall be treated as having
Exchanged its Units in the manner set forth in the Valuation Assumptions and shall be treated as an Exchange TRA Holder (and not
a Blocker TRA Holder) with respect to such Units), beginning from the Early Termination Effective Date and using the Valuation
Assumptions.

 

Article
V.

SUBORDINATION AND LATE PAYMENTS

 

Section
5.1 Subordination. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, any Tax Benefit Payments or
Early Termination Payments required to be made by the Corporation to the TRA Holders under this Agreement shall rank
subordinate and junior in right of payment to any principal, interest, or other amounts due and payable in respect of any
obligations owed in respect of secured or unsecured indebtedness for borrowed money of the Corporation and its Subsidiaries
(“Senior Obligations”) and shall rank pari passu in right of payment with all current or future
unsecured obligations of the Corporation that are not Senior Obligations. To the extent that any payment under this Agreement
is not permitted to be made at the time payment is due as a result of this Section 5.1 and the terms of the agreements
governing Senior Obligations, such payment obligation nevertheless shall accrue for the benefit of the TRA Holders and the
Corporation shall make any such payments at the first opportunity that such payments are permitted to be made in accordance
with the terms of the Senior Obligations. Furthermore, each TRA Holder shall enter into any subordination agreements in a
form reasonably satisfactory to the TRA Holder Representative in order to effectuate the purposes of this Section
5.1. 

 

Section
5.2 Late Payments by the Corporation. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the amount of all or any portion of
any Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment not made to the TRA Holders when due under the terms of this Agreement shall
be payable together with any interest thereon, computed at the Default Rate and commencing from the Final Payment Date on which
such Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment was first due and payable to the date of actual payment of such Tax Benefit
Payment or Early Termination Payment; provided that if any Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment is not made
to the TRA Holders when due under the terms of this Agreement as a result of Section 5.1 and the terms of the agreements governing
Senior Obligations, any such interest shall be computed at the Agreed Rate and not the Default Rate. 

 

    	23

    	 

    

 

Article
VI.

TAX MATTERS; CONSISTENCY; COOPERATION

 

Section
6.1 Participation in the Corporation’s Tax Matters. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Corporation shall
have full responsibility for, and sole discretion over, all tax matters concerning the Corporation and its Subsidiaries
including without limitation the preparation, filing, or amending of any Tax Return and defending, contesting or settling any
audit, contest, or other proceeding pertaining to Taxes; provided, however, that the Corporation shall not
settle or fail to contest any issue pertaining to Covered Taxes that is reasonably expected to materially and adversely
affect the TRA Holders’ rights and obligations under this Agreement without the consent of the TRA Holder
Representative, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed. The Corporation shall notify the TRA Holder
Representative of, and keep it reasonably informed with respect to, the any tax audit or other tax contest of the Corporation
the outcome of which is reasonably expected to reduce or defer the Tax Benefit Payments payable to any TRA Holder under this
Agreement and the TRA Holder Representative, and any affected TRA Holder, shall have the right to (i) discuss with the
Corporation, and provide input and comment to the Corporation regarding, any portion of any such tax audit or other tax
contest and (ii) participate in, at the affected TRA Holders’ and TRA Holder Representative’s expense, any such
portion of any such tax audit or other tax contest to the extent it relates to issues the resolution of which would
reasonably be expected to reduce or defer the Tax Benefit Payments payable to any TRA Holder under this Agreement. To the
extent there is a conflict between this Agreement and either the Equity Purchase Agreement or the LLC Agreement relating to
tax matters concerning Covered Taxes and the Corporation, including preparation, filing or amending of any Tax Return and
defending, contesting or settling any issue pertaining to taxes, this Agreement shall control solely with respect to the
matters governed by this Agreement. 

 

Section
6.2 Consistency. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, all calculations and determinations made hereunder,
including, without limitation, any Basis Adjustments, the determination of any deductions arising from Common Basis, the
Schedules or the determination of any Realized Tax Benefits or Realized Tax Detriments, shall be made in accordance with the
elections, methodologies or positions taken by the Corporation and the LLC on their respective Tax Returns. Each TRA Holder
shall prepare its Tax Returns in a manner that is consistent with the terms of this Agreement and any related calculations or
determinations that are made hereunder, including, without limitation, the Schedules provided under this Agreement, unless
otherwise required by applicable law. In the event that an Advisory Firm or Expert is used and is replaced with another
Advisory Firm or Expert, such replacement Advisory Firm or Expert shall perform its services under this Agreement using
procedures and methodologies consistent with the previous Advisory Firm or Expert, unless otherwise required by applicable
law or unless the Corporation and the TRA Holder Representative agree to the use of other procedures and
methodologies. 

 

    	24

    	 

    

 

Section
6.3 Cooperation. The TRA Holder Representative and each TRA Holder, on the one hand, and the Corporation, on the other hand,
shall (i) furnish to the other in a timely manner such information, documents and other materials as the other may reasonably
request for purposes of making, reviewing, or approving any determination or computation necessary or appropriate under or with
respect to this Agreement, preparing any Tax Return or contesting or defending any audit, examination, controversy or other proceeding
with any Taxing Authority, or estimating any future Tax Benefit Payments hereunder, (ii) make itself available to the other and
its representatives to provide explanations of documents and materials and such other information as may be reasonably requested
in connection with any of the matters described in clause (i) above, and (iii) reasonably cooperate in connection with any such
matter. Subject to Section 6.1, the Corporation shall provide reasonable assistance as reasonably requested by the TRA Holder
Representative on behalf of any TRA Holder in connection with such TRA Holder’s tax returns or financial reporting materials
that are required to be prepared under applicable law or contract and/or the consummation of any assignment or transfer of any
of its rights and/or obligations under this Agreement, including without limitation, providing any information or executing any
documentation. The requesting Party shall reimburse the other Party for any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and
expenses incurred by such other Party pursuant to Section 6.3(a). 

 

Article
VII.

MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section
7.1 Notices. All notices, requests, consents and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given (and
shall be deemed to have been duly given upon receipt) by delivery in person, by courier service, by fax, by electronic mail (delivery
receipt requested) or by certified or registered mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to the respective Parties at
the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party as shall be as specified in a notice given in accordance with this
Section 7.1). All notices hereunder shall be delivered as set forth below, or pursuant to such other instructions as may be designated
in writing by the Party to receive such notice: 

 

	If
    to the Corporation, to:
	 
	AST
    SpaceMobile, Inc.
	Midland
    International Air and Space Port
	2901
    Enterprise Lane
	Midland,
    TX 79706
	Attn:
    	Abel
    Avellan
	 	Tom
    Severson
	Phone:
    	+1
    (432) 276-3966
	Email:  	[●]
	 	 
	with
    a copy (which shall not constitute notice to the Corporation) to:
	 	 
	Latham
    & Watkins LLP
	355
    South Grand Avenue, Suite 100
	Los
    Angeles, CA 90071-1560 
	Attn:
    	Bradley
    A. Helms
	 	Ryan
    Maierson
	Fax:
    	+1
    (213) 891-8763
	Phone:	 +1
    (213) 891-8640
	 	+1
    (713) 546-7420 
	Email:
    	[●]

 

    	25

    	 

    

 

	If
    to the TRA Holder Representative:
	 	 
	Attn:
Tom Severson
	c/o AST SpaceMobile, Inc.
	Midland International Air and Space Port
	2901 Enterprise Lane
	Midland, TX 79706

 

Any
Party may change its address, fax number or e-mail address by giving each of the other Parties written notice thereof in the manner
set forth above.

 

Section 7.2 Counterparts.
This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and
shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the Parties and delivered to the other
Parties, it being understood that all Parties need not sign the same counterpart. Delivery of an executed signature page to
this Agreement by facsimile transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually signed counterpart of this
Agreement. 

 

Section
7.3 Entire Agreement; No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all
prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. This
Agreement shall be binding upon and inure solely to the benefit of each Party hereto and their respective successors and
permitted assigns, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person
any right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement. 

 

Section 7.4 Governing
Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of Delaware, without
regard to the conflicts of laws principles thereof that would mandate the application of the laws of another
jurisdiction. 

 

Section
7.5 Severability. If any term or other provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced
by any law or public policy, all other terms and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and
effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner
materially adverse to any Party. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of
being enforced, the Parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent
of the Parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby are
consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible. 

 

    	26

    	 

    

 

Section
7.6 Assignments; Amendments; Successors; No Waiver. 

 

(a)
Assignment. Each TRA Holder may assign, sell, pledge, or otherwise alienate or transfer any interest in this Agreement,
including the right to receive any Tax Benefit Payments under this Agreement, without the consent of the Corporation, to any Person;
provided such Person executes and delivers a Joinder agreeing to succeed to the applicable portion of such TRA Holder’s
interest in this Agreement and to become a Party and TRA Holder for all purposes of this Agreement (the “Joinder Requirement”).
For the avoidance of doubt, if a TRA Holder transfers Units in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement but does not assign
to the transferee of such Units its rights under this Agreement with respect to such transferred Units, such TRA Holder shall
continue to be entitled to receive the Tax Benefit Payments arising in respect of a subsequent Exchange of such Units (and any
such transferred Units shall be separately identified, so as to facilitate the determination of Tax Benefit Payments hereunder).
The Corporation may not assign any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement to any Person (other than any direct or indirect
successor (whether by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the
Corporation) without the prior written consent of each of the TRA Holders (and any purported assignment without such consent shall
be null and void).

 

(b)
Amendments. No provision of this Agreement may be amended unless such amendment is approved in writing by (i) the Corporation,
(ii) the TRA Holder Representative, and (iii) TRA Holders who would be entitled to receive at least two-thirds of the Early Termination
Payments payable to all TRA Holders in the event the Corporation exercised its rights pursuant to Section 4.1(a) as of the later
of the most recent Exchange Date or the most recent Reorganization Transaction, in which case such amendment shall be permitted.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no such amendment shall be effective if such amendment would have a disproportionate adverse impact
on the payments certain TRA Holders will or may receive under this Agreement unless all such disproportionately impacted TRA Holders
consent in writing to such amendment (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). No provision of this
Agreement may be waived unless such waiver is in writing and signed by the Party against whom the waiver is to be effective.

 

(c)
Successors. Except as provided in Section 7.6(a), all of the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon,
and shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by, the Parties hereto and their respective successors, assigns, heirs, executors,
administrators and legal representatives. The Corporation shall require and cause any direct or indirect successor (whether by
purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Corporation, by written
agreement, expressly to (i) assume and agree to perform this Agreement, in the same manner and to the same extent that the Corporation
would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place and (ii) become a Party to this Agreement.

 

(d)
Waiver. No failure by any Party to insist upon the strict performance of any covenant, duty, agreement, or condition of
this Agreement, or to exercise any right or remedy consequent upon a breach thereof, shall constitute a waiver of any such breach
or any other covenant, duty, agreement, or condition.

 

    	27

    	 

    

 

Section
7.7 Titles and Subtitles. The titles of the sections and subsections of this Agreement are for convenience of reference
only and are not to be considered in construing this Agreement. 

 

Section 7.8 Resolution
of Disputes. 

 

(a)
Except for Reconciliation Disputes subject to Section 7.9, any and all disputes which cannot be settled amicably, including any
ancillary claims of any Party, arising out of, relating to or in connection with the validity, negotiation, execution, interpretation,
performance or non-performance of this Agreement (including the validity, scope and enforceability of this arbitration provision)
(each a “Dispute”) shall be finally resolved by arbitration in accordance with the International Institute
for Conflict Prevention and Resolution Rules for Administered Arbitration (the “Rules”) by three arbitrators,
of which the Corporation shall appoint one arbitrator and the TRA Holders party to such Dispute shall appoint one arbitrator in
accordance with the “screened” appointment procedure provided in Rule 5.4. The arbitration shall be governed by the
Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §§ 1 et seq., and judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrators may be entered
by any court having jurisdiction thereof. The place of the arbitration shall be New York, New York.

 

(b)
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a), any Party may bring an action or special proceeding in any court of competent
jurisdiction for the purpose of compelling another Party to arbitrate, seeking temporary or preliminary relief in aid of an arbitration
hereunder, and/or enforcing an arbitration award and, for the purposes of this paragraph (b), each Party (i) expressly consents
to the application of paragraph (c) of this Section 7.8 to any such action or proceeding, and (ii) agrees that proof shall not
be required that monetary damages for breach of the provisions of this Agreement would be difficult to calculate and that remedies
at law would be inadequate. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 7.8 shall not apply to Reconciliation Disputes to be settled
in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 7.9.

 

(c)
Each Party irrevocably consents to service of process by means of notice in the manner provided for in Section 7.1. Nothing in
this Agreement shall affect the right of any Party to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.

 

(d)
WAIVER OF RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW,
ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT
OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY).

 

(e)
In the event the parties are unable to agree whether a dispute between them is a Reconciliation Dispute subject to the dispute
resolution procedure set forth in Section 7.9 or a Dispute subject to the dispute resolution procedure set forth in this Section
7.8, such disagreement shall be decided and resolved in accordance with the procedure set forth in this Section 7.8.

 

    	28

    	 

    

 

Section 7.9 Reconciliation.
In the event that the Corporation and the TRA Holder Representative (or any applicable TRA Holder) are unable to resolve a
disagreement with respect to a Schedule prepared in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 2.5, or with respect
to an Early Termination Schedule prepared in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 4.2, within the relevant
time period designated in this Agreement (a “Reconciliation Dispute”), the Reconciliation Dispute shall be
submitted for determination to a nationally recognized expert (the “Expert”) in the particular area of
disagreement mutually acceptable to the disputing Parties. The Expert shall be a partner or principal in a nationally
recognized accounting firm, and unless the Corporation and the TRA Holder Representative (or any applicable TRA Holder) agree
otherwise, the Expert shall not, and the firm that employs the Expert shall not, have any material relationship with the
Corporation, the TRA Holder Representative (or any applicable TRA Holder) or other actual or potential conflict of interest.
If the disputing Parties are unable to agree on an Expert within fifteen (15) days of receipt by the respondent(s) of written
notice of a Reconciliation Dispute, the selection of an Expert shall be treated as a Dispute subject to Section 7.8 and an
arbitration panel shall pick an Expert from a nationally recognized accounting firm that does not have any material
relationship with the Corporation, the TRA Holder Representative (or any applicable TRA Holder) or other actual or potential
conflict of interest. The Expert shall resolve any matter relating to any Schedule or an amendment thereto or the Early
Termination Schedule or an amendment thereto within thirty (30) days and shall resolve any matter relating to a Tax Benefit
Schedule or an amendment thereto within fifteen (15) days or as soon thereafter as is reasonably practicable, in each case
after the matter has been submitted to the Expert for resolution. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, if the matter is
not resolved before any payment that is the subject of a disagreement would be due (in the absence of such disagreement) or
any Tax Return reflecting the subject of a disagreement is due, the undisputed amount shall be paid on the date prescribed by
this Agreement and such Tax Return may be filed as prepared by the Corporation, subject to adjustment or amendment upon
resolution. The Corporation and the applicable TRA Holder(s) shall bear their own costs and expenses of such proceeding,
unless (i) the Expert adopts the TRA Holder Representative or applicable TRA Holder(s)’s position, in which case the
Corporation shall reimburse the TRA Holder Representative or applicable TRA Holder(s) for any reasonable and documented
out-of-pocket costs and expenses in such proceeding (including for the avoidance of doubt any costs and expenses incurred by
the TRA Holder Representative or any applicable TRA Holder(s) relating to the engagement of the Expert or amending any
applicable Tax Return), or (ii) the Expert adopts the Corporation’s position, in which case the applicable TRA
Holder(s) (or the TRA Holder Representative on behalf of such TRA Holder(s)) shall reimburse the Corporation for any
reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses in such proceeding (including for the avoidance of doubt costs and
expenses incurred by the Corporation relating to the engagement of the Expert or amending any applicable Tax Return). The
Corporation may withhold payments under this Agreement to collect amounts due under the preceding sentence. The Expert shall
finally determine any Reconciliation Dispute and the determinations of the Expert pursuant to this Section 7.9 shall be
binding on the Corporation, the TRA Holder Representative and the TRA Holders and may be entered and enforced in any court
having competent jurisdiction. 

 

    	29

    	 

    

  

Section
7.10 Withholding. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement, the Corporation, or any other applicable withholding agent,
shall be entitled to deduct and withhold (or cause there to be deduction or withholding), from any payment that is payable to
any TRA Holder (or any other person) pursuant to this Agreement any taxes or other amounts as the Corporation or other applicable
withholding agent is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of any such payment under the Code or any provision
of U.S. state, local or foreign tax law or other applicable tax law. Any such deducted or withheld taxes or other amounts, to
the extent paid over to the appropriate Taxing Authority or other governmental entity shall be treated for all purposes of this
Agreement as having been paid by the Corporation (and/or other applicable withholding agent) to the relevant TRA Holder or other
person in respect of which such deduction or withholding was made. Each TRA Holder or other recipient of any payments hereunder
shall provide the Corporation with any applicable tax forms, including IRS Form W-9 or the appropriate series of IRS Form W-8,
as applicable, or any other information or certifications reasonably requested by the Corporation or other applicable withholding
agent in connection with determining whether any such deductions and withholdings are required under the Code or any provision
of U.S. state, local or foreign tax law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a withholding obligation arises as a result of a Change
of Control or other transaction that causes the Corporation (or its successor) to become a non-U.S. Person (for U.S. federal income
tax purpose), any amount payable to a TRA Holder under this Agreement shall be increased such that after all required deductions
and withholdings have been made (including such deductions and withholdings applicable to additional sums payable under this sentence)
the relevant TRA Holder receives an amount equal to the sum that it would have received had no such deductions or withholdings
been made. 

 

Section 7.11 Admission
of the Corporation into a Consolidated Group; Transfers of Corporate Assets. 

 

(a)
If the Corporation is or becomes a member of an affiliated or consolidated group of corporations that files a consolidated income
Tax Return pursuant to Section 1501 or other applicable Sections of the Code governing affiliated or consolidated groups, or any
corresponding provisions of U.S. state or local tax law, then: (i) the provisions of this Agreement shall be applied with respect
to the group as a whole; and (ii) Tax Benefit Payments, Early Termination Payments, and other applicable items hereunder shall
be computed with reference to the consolidated Covered Taxes of the group as a whole.

 

(b)
If the Corporation, its successor in interest or any member of a group described in Section 7.11(a) or any member of the LLC Group
transfers one or more Reference Assets to a corporation (or a Person classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes)
with which such entity does not file a consolidated Tax Return pursuant to Section 1501 of the Code, such entity, for purposes
of calculating the amount of any Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment due hereunder, shall be treated as having disposed
of such Reference Asset in a fully taxable transaction on the date of such transfer. The consideration deemed to be received by
such entity shall be equal to the fair market value of the transferred Reference Asset as determined by a valuation expert mutually
agreed upon by the Corporation and the TRA Holder Representative plus, without duplication, (i) the amount of debt to which any
such Reference Assets is subject, in the case of a transfer of an encumbered Reference Asset or (ii) the amount of debt allocated
to any such Reference Asset, in the case of a transfer of a partnership interest. For purposes of this Section 7.11, a transfer
of a partnership interest shall be treated as a transfer of the transferring partner’s share of each of the assets and liabilities
of that partnership. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, if the Corporation, its successor in interest
or any member of a group described in Section 7.11(a), transfers its assets pursuant to a transaction that qualifies as a “reorganization”
(within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code) in which such entity does not survive or pursuant to any other transaction,
in each case, to which Section 381(a) of the Code applies (other than any such reorganization or any such other transaction, in
each case, pursuant to which such entity transfers assets to a corporation with which the Corporation, its successor in interest
or any member of the group described in Section 7.11(a) (other than any such member being transferred in such reorganization or
other transaction) does not file a consolidated Tax Return pursuant to Section 1501 of the Code), the transfer will not cause
such entity to be treated as having transferred any assets to a corporation (or a Person classified as a corporation for U.S.
income tax purposes) pursuant to this Section 7.11(b).

 

    	30

    	 

    

 

Section 7.12 Change
in Law. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if, as a result of or, in connection with an actual or proposed
change in law, a TRA Holder reasonably believes that the existence of this Agreement could cause adverse tax consequences to
such TRA Holder or any direct or indirect owner of such TRA Holder, then at the written election of such TRA Holder in its
sole discretion (in an instrument signed by such TRA Holder and delivered to the Corporation and the TRA Holder
Representative) and to the extent specified therein by such TRA Holder, this Agreement shall cease to have further effect and
shall not apply to such TRA Holder after a date specified by such TRA Holder. 

 

Section
7.13 Interest Rate Limitation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the interest paid or agreed to
be paid hereunder with respect to amounts due to any TRA Holder hereunder shall not exceed the maximum rate of non-usurious interest
permitted by applicable law (the “Maximum Rate”). If any TRA Holder shall receive interest in an amount that
exceeds the Maximum Rate, the excess interest shall be applied to the Tax Benefit Payment, Estimated Tax Benefit Payment or Early
Termination Payment, as applicable (but in each case exclusive of any component thereof comprising interest) or, if it exceeds
such unpaid non-interest amount, refunded to the Corporation. In determining whether the interest contracted for, charged, or
received by any TRA Holder exceeds the Maximum Rate, such TRA Holder may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, (a) characterize
any payment that is not principal as an expense, fee, or premium rather than interest, (b) exclude voluntary prepayments and the
effects thereof, and (c) amortize, prorate, allocate, and spread in equal or unequal parts the total amount of interest throughout
the contemplated term of the payment obligations owed by the Corporation to such TRA Holder hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
it is the intention of the Parties to conform strictly to any applicable usury laws. 

 

Section
7.14 Independent Nature of Rights and Obligations. The rights and obligations of each TRA Holder hereunder are several
and not joint with the rights and obligations of any other Person. A TRA Holder shall not be responsible in any way for the
performance of the obligations of any other Person hereunder, nor shall a TRA Holder have the right to enforce the rights or
obligations of any other Person hereunder (other than the Corporation). Nothing contained herein or in any other agreement or
document delivered at any closing, and no action taken by any TRA Holder pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to
constitute the TRA Holders acting as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a
presumption that the TRA Holders are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such rights or obligations or
the transactions contemplated hereby, and the Corporation acknowledges that the TRA Holders are not acting in concert or as a
group and will not assert any such claim with respect to such rights or obligations or the transactions contemplated
hereby. 

 

    	31

    	 

    

 

Section
7.15 LLC Agreement. This Agreement shall be treated as part of the LLC Agreement as described in Section 761(c) of the Code
and Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(h) and 1.761-1(c) of the Treasury Regulations. 

 

Section 7.16 TRA
Holder Representative. By executing this Agreement, each of the TRA Holders shall be deemed to have irrevocably
constituted and appointed Thomas Severson (in the capacity described in this Section 7.16 and each successor as provided
below, the “TRA Holder Representative”) as its agent and attorney in fact with full power of substitution
to act from and after the date hereof and to do any and all things and execute any and all documents on behalf of such TRA
Holders which may be necessary, convenient or appropriate to facilitate any matters under this Agreement, including but not
limited to, and unless otherwise provided by this Agreement: (i) execution of the documents and certificates required
pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) receipt and forwarding of notices and communications pursuant to this Agreement; (iv)
administration of the provisions of this Agreement; (v) giving or agreeing to, on behalf of such TRA Holders, any and all
consents, waivers, amendments or modifications deemed by the TRA Holder Representative, in its sole and absolute discretion,
to be necessary or appropriate under this Agreement and the execution or delivery of any documents that may be necessary or
appropriate in connection therewith; (vi) taking actions the TRA Holder Representative is expressly authorized to take
pursuant to the other provisions of this Agreement; (vii) negotiating and compromising, on behalf of such TRA Holders, any
dispute that may arise under, and exercising or refraining from exercising any remedies available under, this Agreement or
any other agreement contemplated hereby and executing, on behalf of such TRA Holders, any settlement agreement, release or
other document with respect to such dispute or remedy; (viii) engaging attorneys, accountants, agents or consultants on
behalf of such TRA Holders in connection with this Agreement or any other agreement contemplated hereby and paying any fees
related thereto; and (ix) effectuating the purposes of Section 5.1 (Subordination). If the TRA Holder Representative
is unwilling to so serve, then the person then-serving as the TRA Holder Representative shall be entitled to appoint its
successor which such successor shall be subject to the approval of a majority of the TRA Holders. To the fullest extent
permitted by law, none of the TRA Holder Representative, any of its Affiliates, or any of the TRA Holder
Representative’s or Affiliate’s directors, officers, employees or other agents (each a “Covered
Person”) shall be liable, responsible or accountable in damages or otherwise to any TRA Holder, the LLC, or the
Corporation for damages arising from any action taken or omitted to be taken by the TRA Holder Representative or any other
Person with respect to the LLC or the Corporation, except in the case of any action or omission which constitutes, with
respect to such Person, willful misconduct or fraud. Each of the Covered Persons may consult with legal counsel, accountants,
and other experts selected by it, and any act or omission suffered or taken by it on behalf of the LLC or the Corporation or
in furtherance of the interests of the LLC or the Corporation in good faith in reliance upon and in accordance with the
advice of such counsel, accountants, or other experts shall create a rebuttable presumption of the good faith and due care of
such Covered Person with respect to such act or omission; provided that such counsel, accountants, or other experts
were selected with reasonable care. Each of the Covered Persons may rely in good faith upon, and shall have no liability to
the LLC, the Corporation or the TRA Holders for acting or refraining from acting upon, any resolution, certificate,
statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond, debenture, or other paper or document
reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties. For the
avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding the foregoing, if a provision of this Agreement provides a right or entitlement of any
kind to a TRA Holder, this Section 7.16 shall not override the TRA Holder’s ability to exercise or enforce such right
or enjoy such entitlement. 

 

Section 7.17 Non-Effect
of Other Tax Receivable Agreements. If the Corporation enters into any other agreement after the date hereof (for the
avoidance of doubt other than the Equity Purchase Agreement, the LLC Agreement, or any related agreement entered into in
connection with the execution of the Equity Purchase Agreement or as contemplated by the Equity Purchase Agreement in
connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby) after the date of the execution of this Agreement
that obligates the Corporation to make payments to another party in exchange for tax benefits conferred upon the Corporation,
unless otherwise agreed by the TRA Holder Representative, such tax benefits and such payments shall be ignored for all
purposes of this Agreement (including for purposes of calculating the Hypothetical Tax Liability and the actual Tax liability
of the Corporation hereunder). 

 

[Signature
Page Follows This Page]

 

    	32

    	 

    

 

IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed or caused to be executed on their behalf this Agreement as of the date first written
above.

 

	 	CORPORATION:
	 	 	 
	 	AST
    SpaceMobile, Inc.
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/
    Thomas Severson 
	 	Name:	 Thomas
    Severson
	 	Title:
    	Chief
    Financial Officer and
	 	 	Chief
Operating Officer

 

    	 

    	 

    

  

	 	THE LLC:
	 	 
	 	AST
    & Science, LLC
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/
    Thomas Severson 
	 	Name:
    	Thomas
    Severson
	 	Title:
    	Chief
    Financial Officer and
	 	 	Chief
Operating Officer

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

	 	TRA
    HOLDER REPRESENTATIVE:
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/
    Thomas Severson             
	 	Name:	Thomas
Severson

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

	 	TRA
    HOLDER:
	 	 	 
	 	Abel
    Avellan
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/
    Abel Avellan  
	 	Name:	Abel
Avellan

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

	 	TRA
    HOLDER:
	 	 	 
	 	Invesat
    LLC
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/
    Adriana Cisneros  
	 	Name:	Adriana
Cisneros
	 	Title:
    	President

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

	 	TRA
    HOLDER:
	 	 	 
	 	Vodafone
    Ventures Limited
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/
    Rahul Atri   
	 	Name:	 Rahul
    Atri
	 	Title:
    	Managing
    Director

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

	 	TRA
    HOLDER:
	 	 	 
	 	ATC
    TRS II LLC
	 	 	 
	 	By:
    	/s/
    Edmund DiSanto   
	 	Name:	 Edmund
    DiSanto
	 	Title:
    	EVP,
    Chief Administration Officer and General Counsel

 

    	 

    	 

    

  

	 	TRA
    HOLDER:
	 	 	 
	 	Rakuten
    Mobile USA Service Inc. 
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/
    Kaname Sueyoshi  
	 	Name:	Kaname
Sueyoshi
	 	Title:	Authorized
Signatory

 

    	 

    	 

    

  

	 	TRA
    HOLDER:
	 	 	 
	 	SAMSUNG
    NEXT FUND LLC
	 	 	 
	 	By:	/s/
    Brendon Kim   
	 	Name:	 Brendon
    Kim
	 	Title:
    	Authorized
    Officer of Samsung Next Fund LLC

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

Exhibit
A

 

FORM
OF JOINDER AGREEMENT

 

This
JOINDER AGREEMENT, dated as of _________________, 20___ (this “Joinder”), is delivered pursuant to that certain
Tax Receivable Agreement, dated as of [●] (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified
from time to time, the “Tax Receivable Agreement”) by and among AST SpaceMobile, Inc., a Delaware corporation
(the “Corporation”), AST & Science, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “LLC”),
the TRA Holder Representative (as defined in the Tax Receivable Agreement), and each of the Exchange TRA Holders and the Blocker
TRA Holders (each as defined in the Tax Receivable Agreement and, collectively, the “TRA Holders,” from time
to time party thereto). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the respective meanings set forth in the
Tax Receivable Agreement.

 

	 	1.	Joinder
to the Tax Receivable Agreement. Upon the execution of this Joinder by the undersigned and delivery hereof to the Corporation,
the undersigned hereby is and hereafter will be a TRA Holder under the Tax Receivable Agreement and a Party thereto, with all
the rights, privileges and responsibilities of a TRA Holder thereunder. The undersigned hereby agrees that it shall comply with
and be fully bound by the terms of the Tax Receivable Agreement as if it had been a signatory thereto as of the date thereof.
	 	 	 
	 	2.
    	Incorporation
    by Reference. All terms and conditions of the Tax Receivable Agreement are hereby incorporated by reference in this Joinder
    as if set forth herein in full.
	 	 	 
	 	3.
    	Address.
    All notices under the Tax Receivable Agreement to the undersigned shall be direct to:

 

[Name]

[Address]

[City,
State, Zip Code]

Attn:

Facsimile:

E-mail:

 

IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has duly executed and delivered this Joinder as of the day and year first above written.

 

	 	[NAME
    OF NEW PARTY]
	 	 	 
	 	By:
    	 
	 	Name:
    	 
	 	Title:
    	 

 

Acknowledged
and agreed

as
of the date first set forth above:

 

[●]

 

	By:
    	 	 
	Name:
    	 	 
	Title:

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