Document:

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                                   Exhibit 4.5

                      SECOND AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT,
                FIRST AMENDMENT TO PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT,
                         AND LENDER'S CONSENT AND WAIVER

         THIS SECOND AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT, FIRST AMENDMENT TO PLEDGE
AND SECURITY AGREEMENT, AND LENDER'S CONSENT (this "Amendment") is dated
effective September 30, 2002, by and among TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC., a Delaware
corporation ("Borrower") and BANK OF TEXAS, N.A., a national banking association
("Lender").

                              W I T N E S S E T H:

         WHEREAS, Borrower and Lender entered into that certain Credit
Agreement, dated February 27, 2002, pursuant to which Lender agreed to make the
Loan (as therein defined) available to Borrower (as heretofore or hereafter
amended, the "Credit Agreement")(each capitalized term used herein, but not
otherwise defined shall have the same meaning given to it in the Credit
Agreement); and

         WHEREAS, the Credit Agreement has been amended by that certain First
Amendment to Credit Agreement dated March 5, 2002 whereby Lender and Borrower
agreed to (i) increase the principal amount of the Loan from $8,000,000 to
$10,000,000, and (ii) delete the $5,000,000 limit on the aggregate amount of
Letter of Credit Exposure; and

         WHEREAS, to secure the Loan, Borrower and Lender entered into that
certain Pledge and Security Agreement dated February 27, 2002 (the "Pledge
Agreement") whereby Borrower pledged as security, among other things, all of its
shares of stock in H.T.E., Inc. ("HTE"); and

         WHEREAS, Borrower has requested that Lender: (i) allow Borrower to
repurchase up to 1,500,000 shares of outstanding Borrower stock; (ii) return
stock certificate number 2391, representing 4,650,000 shares of HTE stock, and
stock certificate number 2416, representing 968,952 shares of HTE stock
(collectively referred to herein as the "HTE Stock Certificates"), for the
purpose of allowing HTE to reissue the shares in smaller denominations; and
(iii) amend the Credit Agreement to: (a) allow Borrower to sell up to $1,000,000
of HTE stock per fiscal year, and (b) reduce the Minimum Tangible Net Worth
Covenant for the quarter ending September 30, 2002; and

         WHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions herein contained, Lender
is willing to agree to such requests.

         NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants, conditions and
agreements hereinafter set forth, and for other good and valuable consideration,
the receipt and adequacy of which are all hereby acknowledged, Borrower and
Lender hereby covenant and agree as follows:

                  ARTICLE I - AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

SECTION 1.1       SALE OF HTE STOCK. The Credit Agreement is hereby amended
to include after Section 9.12 the following:

                  SECTION 9.13 SALE OF CERTAIN COLLATERAL. Sell, transfer or
                  convey shares of HTE, Inc. owned by Borrower; provided,
                  however, that Borrower shall be permitted to sell, transfer or
                  convey, without Lender's consent, any such shares of HTE, Inc.
                  (and, concurrently therewith, Lender shall

SECOND AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT, FIRST AMENDMENT TO PLEDGE AND SECURITY
AGREEMENT AND LENDER'S CONSENT (TYLER)

                                       1
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                  release such shares as are sold, transferred or conveyed in
                  compliance with this Section 9.13 from the Liens of the Loan
                  Documents) so long as: (i) the proceeds from such sale,
                  transfer or conveyance do not exceed, in the aggregate,
                  $1,000,000 during any fiscal year, (ii) at the time of any
                  such sale, no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is
                  continuing under the Credit Agreement and (iii) Borrower gives
                  Lender five (5) Business Day's prior written notice of any
                  such sale and reimburses Lender for any costs incurred by
                  Lender in connection with the return of the stock certificates
                  evidencing the shares so sold, transferred or conveyed.

SECTION 1.2       MINIMUM TANGIBLE NET WORTH COVENANT. Section 9.9(a) of the
Credit Agreement is hereby deleted and restated as follows:

                  (a)      Tangible Net Worth on the last day of any fiscal
                  quarter to be less than the sum of (i) the amount equal to
                  eighty nine and eight tenths percent (89.8%) of Borrower's
                  consolidated Tangible Net Worth computed as of September 30,
                  2002, plus (ii) as of the end of each fiscal quarter
                  commencing with December 31, 2002, the product of (A) ninety
                  percent (90%) times (b) the consolidated net income of
                  Borrower for the immediately preceding fiscal quarter,
                  provided, that in no case shall such sum be less than the
                  minimum Tangible Net Worth calculated hereunder for the
                  previous quarter.

                        ARTICLE II - CONSENT AND WAIVER

SECTION 2.1       REPURCHASE OF OUTSTANDING STOCK. The Credit Agreement
provides, among other things, that, without the prior written consent of Lender,
Borrower shall declare no Distribution nor make any Investment, prior to payment
in full of the Obligations owed to Lender, and the termination of Lender's
Commitment, under the Credit Agreement. Borrower has requested Lender's consent
to Borrower's repurchase of up to 1,500,000 shares of outstanding stock in
Borrower during the period from August 15, 2002 to November 30, 2002 (the
"Targeted Repurchase"). Lender hereby consents to the Targeted Repurchase and
waives any Default or Event of Default that may have occurred as a result of any
portion of the Targeted Repurchase occurring prior to the effective date of this
Amendment; provided that such waiver shall be limited to the Targeted Repurchase
and shall not constitute a waiver of any other Default or Event of Default.

SECTION 2.2       HTE STOCK CERTIFICATES. Borrower has also requested that
Lender return to Borrower the HTE Stock Certificates so that HTE may reissue the
shares in smaller denominations (the "Reissued Shares"). Lender hereby consents
to such request. Upon receipt of the Reissued Shares, Borrower is hereby
required to forward such Reissued Shares to Lender, together with appropriate
stock powers. This consent and the temporary return of the HTE Stock
Certificates do not constitute a release of lien against the shares evidenced by
the HTE Stock Certificates.

SECTION 2.3       LIMITATION ON CONSENT. The consents granted in this
Amendment are limited to the foregoing actions and neither consent constitutes a
waiver of any required consent with respect to any other action.
<PAGE>
            ARTICLE III - AMENDMENT TO PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT

SECTION 3.1       EXHIBIT "E". Borrower and Lender hereby agree that Exhibit
"E" of the Pledge Agreement shall be amended upon Lender's receipt of the
Reissued Shares to Lender. Lender shall record the certificate number and number
of shares represented by each of the Reissued Shares on Exhibit "E" and shall
forward a revised Exhibit "E" to Borrower.

                           ARTICLE IV - MISCELLANEOUS

SECTION 4.1       CONDITION TO CLOSING; FURTHER ASSURANCES. As a condition
to the closing of this Amendment, Borrower shall execute and deliver this
Amendment and such other documents as may be necessary or as may be required, in
the opinion of counsel to Lender, to effect the transactions contemplated hereby
and continue the liens and/or security interests of all other collateral
instruments, as modified by this Amendment. Borrower also agrees to provide to
Lenders such other documents and instruments as Lenders reasonably may request
in connection with the modification of the Loans effected hereby.

SECTION 4.2       CONTINUING EFFECT. Except as modified and amended hereby,
the Credit Agreement and other Loan Documents are and shall remain in full force
and effect in accordance with their terms.

SECTION 4.3       PAYMENT OF EXPENSES. Borrower agrees to pay to Lender the
reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses of Lender's counsel and other expenses
incurred by Lender in connection with this Amendment.

SECTION 4.4       BINDING AGREEMENT. This Amendment shall be binding upon,
and shall inure to the benefit of, the parties' respective representatives,
successors and assigns.

SECTION 4.5       NO DEFENSES. Borrower by its execution of this Amendment,
hereby declares that it has no set-offs, counterclaims, defenses or other causes
of action against Lender arising out of the Loan, this Amendment or otherwise;
and, to the extent any such setoffs, counterclaims, defenses or other causes of
action may exist, whether known or unknown, such items are hereby waived by
Borrower.

SECTION 4.6       USURY SAVINGS CLAUSE. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary in this Amendment, the Note or any other Loan Document, or in any other
agreement entered into in connection with the Note or securing the indebtedness
evidenced by the Note, whether now existing or hereafter arising and whether
written or oral, it is agreed that the aggregate of all interest and other
charges constituting interest, or adjudicated as constituting interest, and
contracted for, chargeable or receivable under the Note or otherwise in
connection with the Note shall under no circumstances exceed the maximum rate of
interest permitted by applicable law. In the event the maturity of the Note is
accelerated by reason of an election by the holder thereof resulting from a
default thereunder or under any other document executed as security therefor or
in connection therewith, or by voluntary prepayment by the maker, or otherwise,
then earned interest may never include more than the maximum rate of interest
permitted by applicable law. If from any circumstance any holder of any of the
Note shall ever receive interest or any other charges constituting interest, or
adjudicated as constituting interest, the amount, if any, which would exceed the
maximum rate of interest permitted by applicable law shall be applied to the
reduction of the principal amount owing on such Note or on account of any other
principal indebtedness of the maker to the holders of such Note, and not to the
payment of interest, or if such excessive interest exceeds the unpaid balance of
principal thereof and such other indebtedness, the amount of such excessive
interest that exceeds the unpaid balance of principal thereof and such other
indebtedness shall be refunded to the maker. All sums paid or agreed to be paid
to the holder of the Note for the use, forbearance or detention of the
indebtedness of the maker to the holder of such Note shall be amortized,
prorated, allocated and
<PAGE>
spread throughout the full term of such indebtedness until payment in full for
the purpose of determining the actual rate on such indebtedness is uniform
throughout the term thereof.

         The terms "maximum amount" or "maximum rate" as used in this Amendment
or the Note, or in any other agreement entered into in connection with the Note
or securing the indebtedness evidenced by the Note, whether now existing or
hereafter arising and whether written or oral, include, as to Chapter 303 of the
Texas Finance Code (and as same may be incorporated by reference in other
statutes of the State of Texas), but otherwise without limitation, that rate
based upon the "weekly ceiling"; provided, however, that this designation shall
not preclude the rate of interest contracted for, charged or received in
connection with the Loan from being governed by, or construed in accordance
with, any other state or federal law.

SECTION 4.7       COUNTERPARTS. This Amendment may be executed in several
counterparts, all of which are identical, each of which shall be deemed an
original, and all of which counterparts together shall constitute one and the
same instrument, it being understood and agreed that the signature pages may be
detached from one or more of such counterparts and combined with the signature
pages from any other counterpart in order that one or more fully executed
originals may be assembled.

SECTION 4.8       CHOICE OF LAW. THIS AMENDMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND
CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF TEXAS, EXCEPT TO THE
EXTENT FEDERAL LAWS PREEMPT THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF TEXAS.

SECTION 4.9       ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Amendment, together with the other
Loan Documents, contain the entire agreements between the parties relating to
the subject matter hereof and thereof. This Amendment and the other Loan
Documents may be amended, revised, waived, discharged, released or terminated
only by a written instrument or instruments, executed by the party against which
enforcement of the amendment, revision, waiver, discharge, release or
termination is asserted. Any alleged amendment, revision, waiver, discharge,
release or termination which is not so documented shall not be effective as to
any party.

         THIS AMENDMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS REPRESENT THE FINAL
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES RELATED TO THE SUBJECT MATTER HEREIN CONTAINED AND
MAY NOT BE CONTRADICTED BY EVIDENCE OF PRIOR, CONTEMPORANEOUS OR SUBSEQUENT ORAL
AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES. THERE ARE NO UNWRITTEN ORAL AGREEMENTS BETWEEN THE
PARTIES.

                  [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
<PAGE>
         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Amendment is executed effective as of the date
first written above.

                                    LENDER:

                                    BANK OF TEXAS, N.A., a national banking
                                    association

                                    By: __________________________________
                                             Mark Wade
                                             Senior Vice President

                                    BORROWER:

                                    TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, Inc. a Delaware
                                    corporation

                                    By: ___________________________________
                                             Brian K. Miller,
                                             Vice President-Finance

SECOND AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT, FIRST AMENDMENT TO PLEDGE AND SECURITY
AGREEMENT AND LENDER'S CONSENT (TYLER)

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                              CONSENT OF GUARANTORS

          Each of the undersigned Guarantors hereby acknowledges and consents to
the foregoing amendment and expressly acknowledges and agrees that (a) its
Guaranty shall guaranty, and the Security Agreement executed by it shall secure,
the Loan as amended hereby, and (b) except as may be modified to incorporate the
terms of this Amendment, the Guaranty of the other Loan Documents to which it is
a part, are and shall continue in full force and effect.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the Guarantors has caused this Consent to
be duly executed by its authorized officer.

                                           GUARANTORS:

                                           APPRAISAL RECORDS SERVICES,
                                           INC., a Texas corporation

                                           By: _______________________________
                                                    Brian K. Miller,
                                                    Vice President-Finance

                                           Address: c/o Tyler Technologies, Inc.
                                           5949 Sherry Lane, Suite 1400
                                           Dallas, Texas 75225
                                           Attention: Treasurer
                                           Fax: (214) 547-4041

                                           AUTOMATED RECORDS SERVICES,
                                           INC., a Texas corporation

                                           By: _______________________________
                                                    Brian K. Miller,
                                                    Vice President-Finance

                                           Address: c/o Tyler Technologies, Inc.
                                           5949 Sherry Lane, Suite 1400
                                           Dallas, Texas 75225
                                           Attention:  Treasurer
                                           Fax: (214) 547-4041

SECOND AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT, FIRST AMENDMENT TO PLEDGE AND SECURITY
AGREEMENT AND LENDER'S CONSENT (TYLER)

                                       6
<PAGE>
                                           COLE LAYER TRUMBLE COMPANY, a
                                           Delaware corporation

                                           By: ______________________________
                                                    Brian K. Miller,
                                                    Vice President-Finance

                                           Address: c/o Tyler Technologies, Inc.
                                           5949 Sherry Lane, Suite 1400
                                           Dallas, Texas 75225
                                           Attention: Treasurer
                                           Fax: (214) 547-4041

                                           EAGLE COMPUTER SYSTEMS, INC., a
                                           Delaware corporation

                                           By: _______________________________
                                                    Brian K. Miller,
                                                    Vice President-Finance

                                           Address: c/o Tyler Technologies, Inc.
                                           5949 Sherry Lane, Suite 1400
                                           Dallas, Texas 75225
                                           Attention: Treasurer
                                           Fax: (214) 547-4041

                                           FUNDBALANCE, INC., a
                                           Delaware corporation

                                           By: _______________________________
                                                    Brian K. Miller,
                                                    Vice President-Finance

                                           Address: c/o Tyler Technologies, Inc.
                                           5949 Sherry Lane, Suite 1400
                                           Dallas, Texas 75225
                                           Attention:  Treasurer
                                           Fax: (214) 547-4041

SECOND AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT, FIRST AMENDMENT TO PLEDGE AND SECURITY
AGREEMENT AND LENDER'S CONSENT (TYLER)

                                       7
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                                           INTERACTIVE COMPUTER DESIGNS, a
                                           Texas corporation

                                           By: _______________________________
                                                    Brian K. Miller,
                                                    Vice President-Finance

                                           Address: c/o Tyler Technologies, Inc.
                                           5949 Sherry Lane, Suite 1400
                                           Dallas, Texas 75225
                                           Attention: Treasurer
                                           Fax: (214) 547-4041

                                           MUNIS, INC., a Maine corporation

                                           By: _______________________________
                                                    Brian K. Miller,
                                                    Vice President-Finance

                                           Address: c/o Tyler Technologies, Inc.
                                           5949 Sherry Lane, Suite 1400
                                           Dallas, Texas 75225
                                           Attention:  Treasurer
                                           Fax: (214) 547-4041

                                           NATIONSDATA.COM, INC., a
                                           Delaware corporation

                                           By: _______________________________
                                                    Brian K. Miller,
                                                    Vice President-Finance

                                           Address: c/o Tyler Technologies, Inc.
                                           5949 Sherry Lane, Suite 1400
                                           Dallas, Texas 75225
                                           Attention: Treasurer
                                           Fax: (214) 547-4041

SECOND AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT, FIRST AMENDMENT TO PLEDGE AND SECURITY
AGREEMENT AND LENDER'S CONSENT (TYLER)

                                        8
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                                           THE SOFTWARE GROUP, INC., a
                                           Texas corporation

                                           By: _______________________________
                                                    Brian K. Miller,
                                                    Vice President-Finance

                                           Address: c/o Tyler Technologies, Inc.
                                           5949 Sherry Lane, Suite 1400
                                           Dallas, Texas 75225
                                           Attention:  Treasurer
                                           Fax: (214) 547-4041

                                           TYLER LEASING, INC., a
                                           Delaware corporation

                                           By: _______________________________
                                                    Brian K. Miller,
                                                    Vice President-Finance

                                           Address: c/o Tyler Technologies, Inc.
                                           5949 Sherry Lane, Suite 1400
                                           Dallas, Texas 75225
                                           Attention: Treasurer
                                           Fax: (214) 547-4041<PAGE>

                                  EXHIBIT 10.1

                               INDEMNITY AGREEMENT

         This Indemnity Agreement (this "Agreement"), dated to be effective as
of this ___ day of __________, 20__ by and between TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC., a
Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and ________________ ("Indemnitee").

                              ARTICLE V - RECITALS

         WHEREAS, highly competent persons have become more reluctant to serve
publicly-held corporations as directors or in other capacities unless they are
provided with adequate protection through insurance or adequate indemnification
against inordinate risks of claims and actions against them arising out of their
service to, and activities on behalf of, the corporation.

         WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board") has
determined that, in order to attract and retain qualified individuals, the
Company will attempt to maintain on an ongoing basis, at its sole expense,
liability insurance to protect persons serving the Company and its subsidiaries
from certain liabilities. Although the furnishing of such insurance has been a
customary and widespread practice among United States-based corporations and
other business enterprises, the Company believes that, given current market
conditions and trends, such insurance may be available to it in the future only
at higher premiums and with more exclusions. At the same time, directors,
officers, and other persons in service to corporations or business enterprises
are being increasingly subjected to expensive and time-consuming litigation
relating to, among other things, matters that traditionally would have been
brought only against the Company or business enterprise itself. The Bylaws of
the Company require indemnification of the officers and directors of the
Company. Indemnitee may also be entitled to indemnification pursuant to the
Delaware General Corporation Law ("DGCL"). The Bylaws and the DGCL expressly
provide that the indemnification provisions set forth therein are not exclusive,
and thereby contemplate that contracts may be entered into between the Company
and members of the board of directors, officers and other persons with respect
to indemnification.

         WHEREAS, the uncertainties relating to such insurance and to
indemnification have increased the difficulty of attracting and retaining such
persons.

         WHEREAS, the Board has determined that the increased difficulty in
attracting and retaining such persons is detrimental to the best interests of
the Company's stockholders and that the Company should act to assure such
persons that there will be increased certainty of such protection in the future.

         WHEREAS, it is reasonable, prudent and necessary for the Company
contractually to obligate itself to indemnify, and to advance expenses on behalf
of, such persons to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law so that they
will serve or

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continue to serve the Company free from undue concern that they will not be so
indemnified.

         WHEREAS, this Agreement is a supplement to and in furtherance of the
Bylaws of the Company and any resolutions adopted pursuant thereto, and shall
not be deemed a substitute therefor, nor to diminish or abrogate any rights of
Indemnitee thereunder.

         WHEREAS, Indemnitee does not regard the protection available under the
Company's Bylaws and insurance as adequate in the present circumstances, and may
not be willing to serve as an officer or director without adequate protection,
and the Company desires Indemnitee to serve in such capacity. Indemnitee is
willing to serve, continue to serve and to take on additional service for or on
behalf of the Company on the condition that he be so indemnified;

         NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenants
contained herein, the Company and Indemnitee do hereby covenant and agree as
follows:

         1.       SERVICES TO THE COMPANY. Indemnitee will serve or continue to
serve, at the will of the Company, as an officer, director or key employee of
the Company for so long as Indemnitee is duly elected or appointed or until
Indemnitee tenders his or her resignation.

         2.       DEFINITIONS.  As used in this Agreement:

                  (a)      A "Change in Control" shall be deemed to occur upon
the earliest to occur after the date of this Agreement of any of the following
events:

                           (i) Acquisition of Stock by Third Party. Any Person
(as defined below) is or becomes the Beneficial Owner (as defined below),
directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing fifteen
percent (15%) or more of the combined voting power of the Company's then
outstanding securities;

                           (ii) Change in Board of Directors. During any period
of two (2) consecutive years (not including any period prior to the execution of
this Agreement), individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the
Board, and any new director (other than a director designated by a person who
has entered into an agreement with the Company to effect a transaction described
in Sections 2(a)(i), 2(a)(iii) or 2(a)(iv)) whose election by the Board or
nomination for election by the Company's stockholders was approved by a vote of
at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who either were
directors at the beginning of the period or whose election or nomination for
election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute at least
a majority of the members of the Board;

                           (iii) Corporate Transactions. The effective date of a
merger or consolidation of the Company with any other entity, other than a
merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the
Company outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation continuing
to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting
securities of the surviving entity) more than 51% of the combined voting power
of the voting securities of the surviving entity outstanding immediately after
such merger or consolidation and with the power to elect at least a majority of
the board of directors or other governing body of such surviving entity;

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<PAGE>
                           (iv) Liquidation. The approval by the stockholders of
the Company of a complete liquidation of the Company or an agreement for the
sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company's
assets; and

                           (v) Other Events. There occurs any other event of a
nature that would be required to be reported in response to Item 6(e) of
Schedule 14A of Regulation 14A (or a response to any similar item on any similar
schedule or form) promulgated under the Exchange Act (as defined below), whether
or not the Company is then subject to such reporting requirement.

                           (vi) Certain Definitions. For purposes of this
Section 2(a), the following terms shall have the following meanings:

                                    (A)      "Exchange Act" shall mean the
                           Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

                                    (B)      "Person" shall have the meaning as
                           set forth in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange
                           Act; provided, however, that Person shall exclude (i)
                           the Company, (ii) any trustee or other fiduciary
                           holding securities under an employee benefit plan of
                           the Company, and (iii) any corporation owned,
                           directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the
                           Company in substantially the same proportions as
                           their ownership of stock of the Company.

                                    (C)      "Beneficial Owner" shall have the
                           meaning given to such term in Rule 13d-3 under the
                           Exchange Act; provided, however, that Beneficial
                           Owner shall exclude any Person otherwise becoming a
                           Beneficial Owner by reason of the stockholders of the
                           Company approving a merger of the Company with
                           another entity.

                  (b)      "Corporate Status" describes the status of a person
who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or of any
other corporation, partnership or joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or
other enterprise which such person is or was serving at the request of the
Company.

                  (c)      "Disinterested Director" means a director of the
Company who is not and was not a party to the Proceeding in respect of which
indemnification is sought by Indemnitee.

                  (d)      "Enterprise" shall mean the Company and any other
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other
enterprise of which Indemnitee is or was serving at the request of the Company
as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary.

                  (e)      "Expenses" shall include all reasonable attorneys'
fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees,
travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone
charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all other disbursements or expenses
of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending,
preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a
witness in, or otherwise participating in a Proceeding. Expenses also shall
include Expenses incurred in connection with any appeal resulting from any
Proceeding, including, without limitation, the premium, security for, and other
costs relating to any cost bond, supersede as bond, or other appeal bond or its

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<PAGE>
equivalent. Expenses, however, shall not include amounts paid in settlement by
Indemnitee or the amount of judgments or fines against Indemnitee.

                  (f)      Reference to "other enterprise" shall include
employee benefit plans; references to "fines" shall include any excise tax
assessed with respect to any employee benefit plan; references to "serving at
the request of the Company" shall include any service as a director, officer,
employee or agent of the Company which imposes duties on, or involves services
by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee
benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good
faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the best interests of the
participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to
have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the Company" as
referred to in this Agreement.

                  (g)      The term "Proceeding" shall include any threatened,
pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution
mechanism, investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing or any other actual,
threatened or completed proceeding, whether brought in the right of the Company
or otherwise and whether of a civil, criminal, administrative or investigative
nature, in which Indemnitee was, is or will be involved as a party or otherwise
by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director or officer of the
Company, by reason of any action taken by him or of any action on his part while
acting as director or officer of the Company, or by reason of the fact that he
is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee
or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise, in each case whether or not serving in such capacity at the time any
liability or expense is incurred for which indemnification, reimbursement, or
advancement of expenses can be provided under this Agreement.

                  (h)      "Independent Counsel" means a law firm, or a member
of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither
presently is, nor in the past five years has been, retained to represent: (i)
the Company or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party (other
than with respect to matters concerning the Indemnitee under this Agreement, or
of other indemnities under similar indemnification agreements), or (ii) any
other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification
hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term "Independent Counsel" shall
not include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional
conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing
either the Company or Indemnitee in an action to determine Indemnitee's rights
under this Agreement. The Company agrees to pay the reasonable fees and expenses
of the Independent Counsel referred to above and to fully indemnify such counsel
against any and all Expenses, claims, liabilities and damages arising out of or
relating to this Agreement or its engagement pursuant hereto.

         3.       INDEMNITY IN THIRD-PARTY PROCEEDINGS. The Company shall
indemnify Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3 if
Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or a participant in any
Proceeding, other than a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure
a judgment in its favor. Pursuant to this Section 3, Indemnitee shall be
indemnified against all Expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in
settlement actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on his behalf in
connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, if
Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in
or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and, in the case of a
criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was
unlawful.

                                       4
<PAGE>

         4.       INDEMNITY IN PROCEEDINGS BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE COMPANY.
The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this
Section 4 if Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or a
participant in any Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a
judgment in its favor. Pursuant to this Section 4, Indemnitee shall be
indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on
his behalf in connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter
therein, if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably
believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company. No
indemnification for Expenses shall be made under this Section 4 in respect of
any claim, issue or matter as to which Indemnitee shall have been finally
adjudged by a court to be liable to the Company, unless and only to the extent
that any court in which the Proceeding was brought shall determine upon
application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the
circumstances of the case, Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to
indemnification.

         5.       INDEMNIFICATION FOR EXPENSES OF A PARTY WHO IS WHOLLY OR
PARTLY SUCCESSFUL. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement, to
the extent that Indemnitee is a party to (or a participant in) and is
successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding or in defense of any
claim, issue or matter therein, in whole or in part, the Company shall indemnify
Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him in
connection therewith. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding
but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than
all claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify
Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on
his behalf in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue or matter.
If the Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding, the Company also
shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses reasonably incurred in
connection with a claim, issue or matter related to any claim, issue, or matter
or which the Indemnitee was successful. For purposes of this Section 5 and
without limitation, the termination of any claim, issue or matter in such a
Proceeding by dismissal, with our without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a
successful result as to such claim, issue or matter.

         6.       INDEMNIFICATION FOR EXPENSES OF A WITNESS. Notwithstanding any
other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that Indemnitee is, by reason
of his Corporate Status, a witness in any Proceeding to which Indemnitee is not
a party, he shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably
incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith.

         7.       ADDITIONAL INDEMNIFICATION.

                  (a)      Notwithstanding any limitation in Sections 3, 4, or
5, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by law
if Indemnitee is a party to or threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding
(including a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment
in its favor) against all Expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in
settlement actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the
Proceeding. No indemnity shall be made under this Section 7(a) on account of
Indemnitee's conduct which constitutes a breach of Indemnitee's duty of loyalty
to the Company or its stockholders or is an act or omission not in good faith or
which involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of the law.

                  (b)      Notwithstanding any limitation in Sections 3, 4, 5 or
7(a), the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by
law if Indemnitee is a party to or threatened to be made a party to any
Proceeding (including a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure
a judgment in its favor) against all Expenses, judgments, fines and amounts

                                       5
<PAGE>
paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection
with the Proceeding.

                  (c)      For purposes of Sections 7(a) and 7(b), the meaning
of the phrase "to the fullest extent permitted by law" shall include, but not be
limited to:

                           (i)      to the fullest extent permitted by the
provision of the DGCL that authorizes or contemplates additional indemnification
by agreement, or the corresponding provision of any amendment to or replacement
of the DGCL, and

                           (ii)     to the fullest extent authorized or
permitted by any amendments to or replacements of the DGCL adopted after the
date of this Agreement that increase the extent to which a corporation may
indemnify its officers and directors.

         8.       EXCLUSIONS.  Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement,
the Company shall not be obligated under this Agreement to make any indemnity in
connection with any claim made against Indemnitee:

                  (a)      for which payment has actually been made to or on
behalf of Indemnitee under any insurance policy or other indemnity provision,
except with respect to any excess beyond the amount paid under any insurance
policy or other indemnity provision; or

                  (b)      for an accounting of profits made from the purchase
and sale (or sale and purchase) by Indemnitee of securities of the Company
within the meaning of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, or similar provisions of state statutory law or common law; or

                  (c)      in connection with any Proceeding (or any part of any
Proceeding) initiated by Indemnitee, including any Proceeding (or any part of
any Proceeding) initiated by Indemnitee against the Company or its directors,
officers, employees or other indemnities, unless (i) the Board of Directors of
the Company authorized the Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding) prior to
its initiation or (ii) the Company provides the indemnification, in its sole
discretion pursuant to the powers vested in the Company under applicable law.

         9.       ADVANCES OF EXPENSES. Notwithstanding any provision of this
Agreement to the contrary, the Company shall advance the expenses incurred by
Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding within 30 days after the receipt by
the Company of a statement or statements requesting such advances from time to
time, whether prior to or after final disposition of any Proceeding. Advances
shall be unsecured and interest free. Advances shall be made without regard to
Indemnitee's ability to repay the expenses and without regard to Indemnitee's
ultimate entitlement to indemnification under the other provisions of this
Agreement. Advances shall include any and all reasonable Expenses incurred
pursuing an action to enforce this right of advancement, including Expenses
incurred preparing and forward statements to the Company to support the advances
claimed. The Indemnitee shall qualify for advances solely upon the execution and
delivery to the Company of an undertaking providing that the Indemnitee
undertakes to repay the advance to the extent that it is ultimately determined
that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company. This Section 9
shall not apply to any claim made by Indemnitee for which indemnity is excluded
pursuant to Section 8.

         10.      PROCEDURE FOR NOTIFICATION AND DEFENSE OF CLAIM.

                                       6
<PAGE>
                  (a)      To obtain indemnification under this Agreement,
Indemnitee shall submit to the Company a written request, including therein or
therewith such documentation and information as is reasonably available to
Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent
Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, not later than thirty (30) days after
receipt by Indemnitee of notice of the commencement of any Proceeding. The
omission to notify the Company will not relieve the Company from any liability
which it may have to Indemnitee otherwise than under this Agreement. The
Secretary of the Company shall, promptly upon receipt of such a request for
indemnification, advise the Board in writing that Indemnitee has requested
indemnification.

                  (b)      The Company will be entitled to participate in the
Proceeding at its own expense.

         11.      PROCEDURE UPON APPLICATION FOR INDEMNIFICATION.

                  (a)      Upon written request by Indemnitee for
indemnification pursuant to the first sentence of Section 10(a), a
determination, if required by applicable law, with respect to Indemnitee's
entitlement thereto shall be made in the specific case: (i) if a Change in
Control shall have occurred, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the
Board, a copy of which shall be delivered to Indemnitee; or (ii) if a Change in
Control shall not have occurred, (A) by a majority vote of the Disinterested
Directors, even though less than a quorum of the Board, or (B) if there are no
such Disinterested Directors or, if such Disinterested Directors so direct, by
Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board, a copy of which shall be
delivered to Indemnitee, or (C) if so directed by the Board, by the stockholders
of the Company; and, if it is so determined that Indemnitee is entitled to
indemnification, payment to Indemnitee shall be made within ten (10) days after
such determination. Indemnitee shall cooperate with the person, persons or
entity making such determination with respect to Indemnitee's entitlement to
indemnification, including providing to such person, persons or entity upon
reasonable advance request any documentation or information which is not
privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and which is reasonably
available to Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to such determination. Any
costs or expenses (including attorneys' fees and disbursements) incurred by
Indemnitee in so cooperating with the person, persons or entity making such
determination shall be borne by the Company (irrespective of the determination
as to Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification) and the Company hereby
indemnifies and agrees to hold Indemnitee harmless therefrom.

                                       7
<PAGE>
                  (b)      In the event the determination of entitlement to
indemnification is to be made by Independent Counsel pursuant to Section 11(a)
hereof, the Independent Counsel shall be selected as provided in this Section
11(b). If a Change in Control shall not have occurred, the Independent Counsel
shall be selected by the Board, and the Company shall give written notice to
Indemnitee advising him of the identity of the Independent Counsel so selected.
If a Change in Control shall have occurred, the Independent Counsel shall be
selected by Indemnitee (unless Indemnitee shall request that such selection be
made by the Board, in which event the preceding sentence shall apply), and
Indemnitee shall give written notice to the Company advising it of the identity
of the Independent Counsel so selected. In either event, Indemnitee or the
Company, as the case may be, may, within 10 days after such written notice of
selection shall have been given, deliver to the Company or to Indemnitee, as the
case may be, a written objection to such selection; provided, however, that such
objection may be asserted only on the ground that the Independent Counsel so
selected does not meet the requirements of "Independent Counsel" as defined in
Section 2 of this Agreement, and the objection shall set forth with
particularity the factual basis of such assertion. Absent a proper and timely
objection, the person so selected shall act as Independent Counsel. If such
written objection is so made and substantiated, the Independent Counsel so
selected may not serve as Independent Counsel unless and until such objection is
withdrawn or a court has determined that such objection is without merit. If,
within 20 days after submission by Indemnitee of a written request for
indemnification pursuant to Section 10(a) hereof, no Independent Counsel shall
have been selected and not objected to, either the Company or Indemnitee may
petition a court of competent jurisdiction for resolution of any objection which
shall have been made by the Company or Indemnitee to the other's selection of
Independent Counsel and/or for the appointment as Independent Counsel of a
person selected by the court or by such other person as the court shall
designate, and the person with respect to whom all objections are so resolved or
the person so appointed shall act as Independent Counsel under Section 11(a)
hereof. Upon the due commencement of any judicial proceeding or arbitration
pursuant to Section 13(a) of this Agreement, Independent Counsel shall be
discharged and relieved of any further responsibility in such capacity (subject
to the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing).

         12.      PRESUMPTIONS AND EFFECT OF CERTAIN PROCEEDINGS.

                  (a)      In making a determination with respect to entitlement
to indemnification hereunder, the person or persons or entity making such
determination shall presume that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification under
this Agreement if Indemnitee has submitted a request for indemnification in
accordance with Section 10(a) of this Agreement, and the Company shall have the
burden of proof to overcome that presumption in connection with the making by
any person, persons or entity of any determination contrary to that presumption
in connection with the making by any person, persons or entity of any
determination contrary to that presumption. Neither the failure of the Company
(including by the Board or independent legal counsel) to have made a
determination prior to the commencement of any action pursuant to this Agreement
that indemnification is proper in the circumstances because Indemnitee has met
the applicable standard of conduct, nor an actual determination by the Company
(including by the Board or independent legal counsel) that Indemnitee has not
met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or
create a presumption that Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of
conduct.

                  (b)      If the person, persons or entity empowered or
selected under Section 11 of this Agreement to determine whether Indemnitee is
entitled to indemnification shall not have made a determination within sixty
(60) days after receipt by the Company of the request therefor, the requisite
determination of entitlement to indemnification shall be deemed to have been
made

                                       8
<PAGE>
and Indemnitee shall be entitled to such indemnification, absent (i) a
misstatement by Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact
necessary to make Indemnitee's statement not materially misleading, in
connection with the request for indemnification, or (ii) a prohibition of such
indemnification under applicable law; provided, however, that such sixty (60)
day period may be extended for a reasonable time, not to exceed an additional
thirty (30) days, if the person, persons or entity making the determination with
respect to entitlement to indemnification in good faith requires such additional
time for the obtaining or evaluating of documentation and/or information
relating thereto; and provided, further, that the foregoing provisions of this
Section 12(b) shall not apply (i) if the determination of entitlement to
indemnification is to be made by the stockholders pursuant to Section 11(a) of
this Agreement and if (A) within fifteen (15) days after receipt by the Company
of the request for such determination the Board has resolved to submit such
determination to the stockholders for their consideration at an annual meeting
thereof to be held within seventy-five (75) days after such receipt and such
determination is made thereat, or (B) a special meeting of stockholders is
called within fifteen (15) days after such receipt for the purpose of making
such determination, such meeting is held for such purpose within sixty (60) days
after having been so called and such determination is made thereat, or (ii) if
the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent
Counsel pursuant to Section 11(a) of this Agreement.

                  (c)      The termination of any Proceeding or of any claim,
issue or matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a
plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not (except as otherwise
expressly provided in this Agreement) of itself adversely affect the right of
Indemnitee to indemnification or create a presumption that Indemnitee did not
act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not
opposed to the best interests of the Company or, with respect to any criminal
Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was
unlawful.

                  (d)      Reliance as Safe Harbor. For purposes of any
determination of good faith, Indemnitee shall be deemed to have acted in good
faith if Indemnitee's action is based on the records or books of account of the
Enterprise, including financial statements, or on information supplied to
Indemnitee by the officers of the Enterprise in the course of their duties, or
on the advice of legal counsel for the Enterprise or on information or records
given or reports made to the Enterprise by an independent certified public
accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with the reasonable care
by the Enterprise. The provisions of this Section 12(d) shall not be deemed to
be exclusive or to limit in any way the other circumstances in which the
Indemnitee may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set
forth in this Agreement.

                  (e)      Actions of Others. The knowledge and/or actions, or
failure to act, of any director, officer, agent or employee of the Enterprise
shall not be imputed to Indemnitee for purposes of determining the right to
indemnification under this Agreement.

         13.      REMEDIES OF INDEMNITEE.

                  (a)      In the event that (i) a determination is made
pursuant to Section 11 of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to
indemnification under this Agreement, (ii) advancement of Expenses is not timely
made pursuant to Section 9 of this Agreement, (iii) no determination of
entitlement to indemnification shall have been made pursuant to Section 11(a) of
this Agreement within 45 days after receipt by the Company of the request for
indemnification, (iv) payment of indemnification is not made pursuant to Section
5, 6, 7 or the last sentence of Section 11(a) of this Agreement within ten (10)
days after receipt by the Company of a written

                                       9
<PAGE>
request therefore, or (v) payment of indemnification pursuant to Section 3 or 4
of this Agreement is not made within ten (10) days after a determination has
been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, Indemnitee shall be
entitled to an adjudication by a court of his entitlement to such
indemnification or advancement of Expenses. Alternatively, Indemnitee, at his
option, may seek an award in arbitration to be conducted by a single arbitrator
pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration
Association. The Company shall not oppose Indemnitee's right to seek any such
adjudication or award in arbitration.

                  (b)      In the event that a determination shall have been
made pursuant to Section 11(a) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled
to indemnification, any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to
this Section 13 shall be conducted in all respects as a de novo trial, or
arbitration, on the merits and Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced by reason of
that adverse determination. In any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced
pursuant to this Section 13 the Company shall have the burden of proving
Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses, as the
case may be.

                  (c)      If a determination shall have been made pursuant to
Section 11(a) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification,
the Company shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding or
arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 13, absent (i) a misstatement by
Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to
make Indemnitee's statement not materially misleading, in connection with the
request for indemnification, or (ii) a prohibition of such indemnification under
applicable law.

                  (d)      In the event that Indemnitee, pursuant to this
Section 13, seeks a judicial adjudication of or an award in arbitration to
enforce his rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Agreement,
Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the Company, and shall be
indemnified by the Company against, any and all Expenses actually and reasonably
incurred by him in such judicial adjudication or arbitration. If it shall be
determined in said judicial adjudication or arbitration that Indemnitee is
entitled to receive part but not all of the indemnification or advancement of
Expenses sought, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the Company,
and shall be indemnified by the Company against, any and all Expenses reasonably
incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such judicial adjudication or
arbitration.

                  (e)      The Company shall be precluded from asserting in any
judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 13 that
the procedures and presumptions of this Agreement are not valid, binding and
enforceable and shall stipulate in any such court or before any such arbitrator
that the Company is bound by all the provisions of this Agreement. The Company
shall indemnify Indemnitee against any and all Expenses and, if requested by
Indemnitee, shall (within ten (10) days after receipt by the Company of a
written request therefore) advance such expenses to Indemnitee, which are
incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any action brought by Indemnitee for
indemnification or advance of Expenses from the Company under this Agreement or
under any directors' and officers' liability insurance policies maintained by
the Company, regardless of whether Indemnitee ultimately is determined to be
entitled to such indemnification, advancement of Expenses or insurance recovery,
as the case may be.

         14.      NON-EXCLUSIVITY; SURVIVAL OF RIGHTS; INSURANCE; SUBROGATION.

                  (a)      The rights of indemnification and to receive
advancement of Expenses as provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed
exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled
under applicable law, the Company's Articles of

                                       10
<PAGE>
Incorporation, the Company's Bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or a
resolution of directors, or otherwise. No amendment, alteration or repeal of
this Agreement or of any provision hereof shall limit or restrict any right of
Indemnitee under this Agreement in respect of any action taken or omitted by
such Indemnitee in his Corporate Status prior to such amendment, alteration or
repeal. To the extent that a change in Delaware law, whether by statute or
judicial decision, permits greater indemnification or advancement of Expenses
than would be afforded currently under the Company's Bylaws and this Agreement,
it is the intent of the parties hereto that Indemnitee shall enjoy by this
Agreement the greater benefits so afforded by such change. No right or remedy
herein conferred is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and
every other right and remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to every other
right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in
equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy
hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or
employment of any other right or remedy.

                  (b)      To the extent that the Company maintains an insurance
policy or policies providing liability insurance for directors, officers,
employees, or agents of the Company or of any other corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise which such
person serves at the request of the Company, Indemnitee shall be covered by such
policy or policies in accordance with its or their terms to the maximum extent
of the coverage available for any such director, officer, employee or agent
under such policy or policies. If, at the time of the receipt of a notice of a
claim pursuant to this Agreement, the Company has director and officer liability
insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of the commencement of
such proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in
the respective policies. The Company shall thereafter take all necessary or
desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of the Indemnitee, all
amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in accordance with the terms of
such policies.

                  (c)      In the event of any payment under this Agreement, the
Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights
of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all
action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as
are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights.

                  (d)      The Company shall not be liable under this Agreement
to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable (or for which advancement
is provided hereunder) hereunder if and to the extent that Indemnitee has
otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract,
agreement or otherwise.

                  (e)      The Company's obligation to indemnify or advance
Expenses hereunder to Indemnitee who is or was serving at the request of the
Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of any other corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise
shall be reduced by any amount Indemnitee has actually received as
indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise.

         15.      DURATION OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement shall continue until and
terminate upon the later of: (a) 10 years after the date that Indemnitee shall
have ceased to serve as a director or officer of the Company or as a director,
officer, employee or agent of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise which Indemnitee served at the
request of the Company; or (b) 1 year after the final termination of any

                                       11
<PAGE>
Proceeding then pending in respect of which Indemnitee is granted rights of
indemnification or advancement of Expenses hereunder and of any proceeding
commenced by Indemnitee pursuant to Section 13 of this Agreement relating
thereto. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Company and its successors and
assigns and shall inure to the benefit of Indemnitee and his heirs, executors
and administrators.

         16.      SEVERABILITY. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement
shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatever:
(a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of
this Agreement (including without limitation, each portion of any Section of
this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or
unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not
in any way be affected or impaired thereby and shall remain enforceable to the
fullest extent permitted by law; (b) such provision or provisions shall be
deemed reformed to the extent necessary to conform to applicable law and to give
the maximum effect to the intent of the parties hereto; and (c) to the fullest
extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement (including, without
limitation, each portion of any Section of this Agreement containing any such
provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself
invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to
the intent manifested thereby.

         17.      ENFORCEMENT.

                  (a)      The Company expressly confirms and agrees that it has
entered into this Agreement and assumed the obligations imposed on it hereby in
order to induce Indemnitee to serve as a director or officer of the Company, and
the Company acknowledges that Indemnitee is relying upon this Agreement in
serving as a director or officer of the Company.

                  (b)      This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement
between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and
supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, oral, written and implied,
between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.

         18.      MODIFICATION AND WAIVER. No supplement, modification or
amendment of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by the
parties thereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be
deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provisions of this Agreement
nor shall any waiver constitute a continuing waiver.

         19.      NOTICE BY INDEMNITEE. Indemnitee agrees promptly to notify the
Company in writing upon being served with any summons, citation, subpoena,
complaint, indictment, information or other document relating to any Proceeding
or matter which may be subject to indemnification or advancement of Expenses
covered hereunder. The failure of Indemnitee to so notify the Company shall not
relieve the Company of any obligation which it may have to the Indemnitee under
this Agreement or otherwise.

         20.      NOTICES. All notices, requests, demands and other
communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to
have been duly given (a) if delivered by hand, when received by the party to
whom said notice or other communication shall have been directed, or (b) if
mailed by certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, on the third
business day after the date on which it is so mailed:

                  (a)      If to Indemnitee, at the address indicated on the
Company's records or such other address as Indemnitee shall provide to the
Company.

                                       12
<PAGE>
                  (b)      If to the Company to:

                                    Tyler Technologies, Inc.
                                    2800 W. Mockingbird Lane
                                    Dallas, Texas  75235
                                    Attention: General Counsel

or to any other address as may have been furnished to Indemnitee by the Company.

         21.      CONTRIBUTION. To the fullest extent permissible under
applicable law, if the indemnification provided for in this Agreement is
unavailable to Indemnitee for any reason whatsoever, the Company, in lieu of
indemnifying Indemnitee, shall contribute to the amount incurred by Indemnitee,
whether for judgments, fines, penalties, excise taxes, amounts paid or to be
paid in settlement and/or for Expenses, in connection with any claim relating to
an indemnifiable event under this Agreement, in such proportion as is deemed
fair and reasonable in light of all of the circumstances of such Proceeding in
order to reflect (i) the relative benefits received by the Company and
Indemnitee as a result of the event(s) and/or transaction(s) giving cause to
such Proceeding; and/or (ii) the relative fault of the Company (and its
directors, officers, employees and agents) and Indemnitee in connection with
such events(s) and/or transaction(s).

         22.      APPLICABLE LAW AND CONSENT TO JURISDICTION. This Agreement and
the legal relations among the parties shall be governed by, and construed and
enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard
to its conflict of laws rules. Except with respect to any arbitration commenced
by Indemnitee pursuant to this Agreement, the Company and Indemnitee hereby
irrevocably and unconditionally (i) agree that any action or proceeding arising
out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be brought only in the
Chancery Court of the State of Delaware (the "Delaware Court"), and not in any
other state or federal court in the United States of America or any court in any
other country, (ii) consent to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the
Delaware Court for purposes of any action or proceeding arising out of or in
connection with this Agreement, (iii) appoint, to the extent such party is not a
resident of the State of Delaware, irrevocably RL&F Service Corp., One Rodney
Square, 10th Floor, 10th and King Streets, Wilmington, Delaware 19801 as its
agent in the State of Delaware as such party's agent for acceptance of legal
process in connection with any such action or proceeding against such party with
the same legal force and validity as if served upon such party personally within
the State of Delaware, (iv) waive any objection to the laying of venue of any
such action or proceeding in the Delaware Court, and (v) waive, and agree not to
plead or to make, any claim that any such action or proceeding brought in the
Delaware Court has been brought in an improper or inconvenient forum.

         23.      IDENTICAL COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in one
or more counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed to be an
original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same Agreement.
Only one such counterpart signed by the party against whom enforceability is
sought needs to be produced to evidence the existence of this Agreement.

         24.      MISCELLANEOUS. Use of the masculine pronoun shall be deemed to
include usage of the feminine pronoun where appropriate. The headings of the
paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be
deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction
thereof.

                                       13
<PAGE>
         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be signed
as of the day and year first above written.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.                       INDEMNITEE

By: __________________________              _________________________________
Name: _______________________               Name: ___________________________
Title: _______________________

                                     14

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