Document:

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                                                                     Exhibit 4.5

                       WEIGHT WATCHERS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

                                       and

                         EQUISERVE TRUST COMPANY, N.A.,

                                  Rights Agent

                                Rights Agreement

                          Dated as of November 15, 2001

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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

<Table>
<Caption>
Section                                                                                                        Page
-------                                                                                                        ----
<S>               <C>                                                                                            <C>
Section 1.        Certain Definitions.............................................................................1

Section 2.        Appointment of Rights Agent.....................................................................6

Section 3.        Issuance of Rights Certificates.................................................................6

Section 4.        Form of Rights Certificates.....................................................................8

Section 5.        Countersignature and Registration...............................................................9

Section 6.        Transfer, Split-Up, Combination and Exchange of Rights Certificates; Mutilated,
                  Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Rights Certificates...................................................9

Section 7.        Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights..................................10

Section 8.        Cancellation of Rights Certificates............................................................12

Section 9.        Reservation and Availability of Capital Stock..................................................12

Section 10.       Preferred Stock Record Date....................................................................14

Section 11.       Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number and Kind of Shares or Number of Rights....................14

Section 12.       Certificate of Adjusted Purchase Price or Number of Shares.....................................21

Section 13.       Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets, Cash Flow or Earning Power................21

Section 14.       Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares........................................................23

Section 15.       Rights of Action...............................................................................25

Section 16.       Agreement of Rights Holders....................................................................25

Section 17.       Rights Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder.............................................26

Section 18.       Concerning the Rights Agent....................................................................26

Section 19.       Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent......................................27

Section 20.       Duties of Rights Agent.........................................................................27

Section 21.       Change of Rights Agent.........................................................................30

Section 22.       Issuance of New Rights Certificates............................................................31

Section 23.       Redemption and Termination.....................................................................31
</Table>

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<Table>
<Caption>
                                                                                                               Page
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<S>               <C>                                                                                            <C>
Section 24.       Exchange.......................................................................................32

Section 25.       Notice of Certain Events.......................................................................33

Section 26.       Notices........................................................................................33

Section 27.       Supplements and Amendments.....................................................................34

Section 28.       Successors.....................................................................................35

Section 29.       Determinations and Actions by the Board, etc...................................................35

Section 30.       Benefits of this Agreement.....................................................................35

Section 31.       Severability...................................................................................35

Section 32.       Governing Law..................................................................................36

Section 33.       Counterparts...................................................................................36

Section 34.       Descriptive Headings...........................................................................36
</Table>

EXHIBITS
Exhibit A -- Form of Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation to
             Create a New Series of Preferred Stock
Exhibit B -- Form of Rights Certificates
Exhibit C -- Form of Summary of Rights

                                       ii
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                                RIGHTS AGREEMENT

          RIGHTS AGREEMENT, dated as of November 15, 2001 (the "Agreement"),
between Weight Watchers International, Inc., a Virginia corporation (the
"Company"), and EquiServe Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust
company (the "Rights Agent").

                                   WITNESSETH

          WHEREAS, on November 14, 2001, the Board of Directors of the Company
(the "Board") authorized the issuance and distribution of one Right (as
hereinafter defined) for each share of Common Stock, no par value, of the
Company outstanding at the close of business on the date of this Agreement (the
"Record Date"), and has authorized the issuance of one Right (as such number may
hereinafter be adjusted pursuant to the provisions of Section 11(p) hereof) for
each share of Common Stock of the Company issued between the Record Date
(whether originally issued or delivered from the Company's treasury) and the
earliest of the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, the Redemption Date
and the Close of Business on the Final Expiration Date (as such terms are
hereinafter defined) each Right initially representing the right to purchase one
one-hundredth of a share of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock of the
Company (the "Preferred Stock") having the rights, powers and preferences set
forth in the form of Form of Articles of Amendment to the Articles of
Incorporation to Create a New Series of Preferred Stock attached hereto as
Exhibit A, upon the terms and subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth
(the "Rights"); provided, however, that Rights may be issued with respect to
shares of Common Stock that shall become outstanding after the Distribution Date
and prior to the earlier of the Redemption Date and the Close of Business on the
Final Expiration Date in accordance with the provisions of Section 22 of the
Agreement;

          NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual
agreements herein set forth, the parties hereby agree as follows:

          Section 1. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Agreement, the
following terms have the meanings indicated:

          (a) "Acquiring Person" shall mean any Person who or which, together
with all Associates and Affiliates of such Person, shall be the Beneficial Owner
of ten percent (10%) or more of the then outstanding Common Stock, but shall not
include (i) any Exempted Entity, (ii) the Company, (iii) any Subsidiary of the
Company, (iv) any employee benefit plan of the Company, or of any Subsidiary of
the Company, or any Person or entity organized, appointed or established by the
Company for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan or (v) any Person who
becomes the Beneficial Owner of ten percent (10%) or more of the shares of
Common Stock then outstanding as a result of a reduction in the number of shares
of Common Stock outstanding due to the repurchase of shares of Common Stock by
the Company unless and until such Person, after becoming aware that such Person
has become the Beneficial Owner of ten percent (10%) or more of the then
outstanding shares of Common Stock, acquires beneficial ownership of additional
shares of Common Stock representing one percent (1%) or more of the shares of
Common Stock then outstanding or (vi) any such Person who has reported or is
required to report such ownership (but less than 20%) on Schedule 13G under the
Securities and Exchange

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Act of 1934, as amended and in effect on the date of the Agreement (the
"Exchange Act") (or any comparable or successor report) or on Schedule 13D under
the Exchange Act (or any comparable or successor report) which Schedule 13D does
not state any intention to or reserve the right to control or influence the
management or policies of the Company or engage in any of the actions specified
in Item 4 of such schedule (other than the disposition of the Common Stock) and,
within 10 Business Days of being requested by the Company to advise it regarding
the same, certifies to the Company that such Person acquired shares of Common
Stock in excess of 9.9% inadvertently or without knowledge of the terms of the
Rights and who, together with all Associates and Affiliates, thereafter does not
acquire additional shares of Common Stock while the Beneficial Owner of 10% or
more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding; provided, however, that if
the Person requested to so certify fails to do so within 10 Business Days, then
such Person shall become an Acquiring Person immediately after such
10-Business-Day period.

          (b) "Act" shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

          (c) "Adjustment Shares" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
11(a)(ii) hereof.

          (d) "Affiliate" and "Associate" shall have the respective meanings
ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under
the Exchange Act.

          (e) "Artal Entity" shall mean Artal Luxembourg S.A., a Luxembourg
SOCIETE ANONYME, or any Affiliate thereof, except for the Company and its
Subsidiaries.

          (f) A Person shall be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of, and shall be
deemed to "beneficially own," any securities:

          (i) which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or
Associates, directly or indirectly, has the right to acquire (whether such right
is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time) pursuant to any
agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing) or upon the
exercise of conversion rights, exchange rights, rights, warrants or options, or
otherwise; provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the "Beneficial
Owner" of, or to "beneficially own," (A) securities tendered pursuant to a
tender or exchange offer made by such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates
or Associates until such tendered securities are accepted for purchase or
exchange, (B) securities issuable upon exercise of Rights at any time prior to
the occurrence of a Triggering Event (as hereinafter defined) or (C) securities
issuable upon exercise of Rights from and after the occurrence of a Triggering
Event, which Rights were acquired by such Person or any of such Person's
Affiliates or Associates prior to the Distribution Date (as hereinafter defined)
or pursuant to Section 3(a) or Section 22 hereof (the "Original Rights") or
pursuant to Section 11(i) hereof in connection with an adjustment made with
respect to any Original Rights;

          (ii) which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or
Associates, directly or indirectly, has the right to vote or dispose of or has
"beneficial ownership" of (as determined pursuant to Rule 13d-3 of the General
Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act), including pursuant to any
agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in

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writing; provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the "Beneficial
Owner" of, or to "beneficially own," any security under this subparagraph (ii)
as a result of an agreement, arrangement or understanding to vote such security
if such agreement, arrangement or understanding: (A) arises solely from a
revocable proxy given in response to a public proxy or consent solicitation made
pursuant to, and in accordance with, the applicable provisions of the General
Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act and (B) is not reportable by such
Person on Schedule 13D under the Exchange Act (or any comparable or successor
report); or

          (iii) which are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by any
other Person (or any Affiliate or Associate thereof) with which such Person (or
any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates) has any agreement, arrangement or
understanding (whether or not in writing), for the purpose of acquiring,
holding, voting (except pursuant to a revocable proxy as described in the
proviso to subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph (f)) or disposing of any voting
securities of the Company; provided, however, that nothing in this paragraph (d)
shall cause a Person engaged in business as an underwriter of securities to be
the "Beneficial Owner" of, or to "beneficially own," any securities acquired
through such Person's participation in good faith in a firm commitment
underwriting until the expiration of forty days after the date of such
acquisition, and then only if such securities continue to be owned by such
Person at such expiration of forty days. Notwithstanding anything in this
definition of Beneficial Ownership to the contrary, the phrase "then
outstanding," when used with reference to a Person's Beneficial Ownership of the
securities of the Company, shall mean the number of such securities then issued
and outstanding together with the number of such securities not then actually
issued and outstanding which such Person would be deemed to own beneficially
hereunder.

          (g) "Board" shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this
Agreement.

          (h) "Business Day" shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or
a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or
obligated by law or executive order to close.

          (i) "Close of Business" on any given date shall mean 5:00 P.M., New
York City time, on such date; provided, however, that if such date is not a
Business Day, it shall mean 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on the next
succeeding Business Day.

          (j) "Common Stock" shall mean the Common Stock, no par value, of the
Company, except that "Common Stock" when used with reference to any Person other
than the Company shall mean the capital stock of such Person with the greatest
voting power, or the equity securities or other equity interest having power to
control or direct the management, of such Person.

          (k) "Common Stock Equivalents" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 11(a)(iii) hereof.

          (l) "Company" shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this
Agreement, as it may be modified by Section 13(a) hereof.

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          (m) "Current Market Price" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
11(d)(i) hereof.

          (n) "Current Value" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
11(a)(iii) hereof.

          (o) "Distribution Date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
3(a) hereof.

          (p) "Equivalent Preferred Stock" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 11(b) hereof.

          (q) "Exchange Act" shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended.

          (r) "Exchange Ratio" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 24(a)
hereof.

          (s) "Exempted Entity" shall mean: (1) any Artal Entity, (2) any
transferee of any Artal Entity that acquires directly from any such Artal Entity
ten percent (10%) or more of the then outstanding Common Stock (a "Non-Artal
Exempted Entity"), (3) any transferee of any Non-Artal Exempted Entity that
acquires directly from any Non-Artal Exempted Entity ten percent (10%) or more
of the then outstanding Common Stock (a "Non-Artal Exempted Entity Transferee")
and (4) any Person who or which is the Beneficial Owner of Common Stock
beneficially owned by an Exempted Entity; provided, however, that any Artal
Entity, any Non-Artal Exempted Entity and any Non-Artal Exempted Entity
Transferee shall cease to be an Exempted Entity as of the date that such Artal
Entity, Non-Artal Exempted Entity or Non-Artal Exempted Entity Transferee ceases
to beneficially own ten percent (10%) or more of the shares of the then
outstanding Common Stock.

          (t) "Expiration Date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(a)
hereof.

          (u) "Final Expiration Date" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 7(a) hereof.

          (v) "NYSE" shall mean the New York Stock Exchange.

          (w) "NASDAQ" shall mean the National Association of Securities Dealers
Automated Quotation System.

          (x) "Person" shall mean any individual, firm, corporation,
partnership, limited liability company or other entity.

          (y) "Preferred Stock" shall mean shares of Series B Junior
Participating Preferred Stock, no par value, of the Company, and, to the extent
that there are not a sufficient number of shares of Series B Junior
Participating Preferred Stock authorized to permit the full exercise of the
Rights, any other series of preferred stock of the Company designated for such
purpose containing terms substantially similar to the terms of the Series B
Junior Participating Preferred Stock.

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          (z) "Principal Party" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
13(b) hereof.

          (aa) "Purchase Price" shall have the meaning set forth in Sections
4(a) and 11(a)(ii) hereof.

          (bb) "Record Date" shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of
this Agreement.

          (cc) "Redemption Date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
23(b) hereof.

          (dd) "Redemption Price" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
23(a) hereof.

          (ee) "Rights" shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this
Agreement.

          (ff) "Rights Agent" shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble
of this Agreement.

          (gg) "Rights Certificate" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
3(a) hereof

          (hh) "Section 11(a)(ii) Event" shall mean any event described in
Section 11(a)(ii) hereof.

          (ii) "Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date" shall have the meaning set forth
in Section 11(a)(iii) hereof.

          (jj) "Section 13 Event" shall mean any event described in clauses (x),
(y) or (z) of Section 13(a) hereof.

          (kk) "Spread" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii)
hereof.

          (ll) "Stock Acquisition Date" shall mean the earlier of the date of
(i) the first date of public announcement (which, for purposes of this
definition, shall include, without limitation, a report filed or amended
pursuant to Section 13(d) under the Exchange Act) by the Company or an Acquiring
Person that an Acquiring Person has become such or (ii) the public disclosure of
facts by the Company or an Acquiring Person indicating that a Person has become
such.

          (mm) "Subsidiary" of any Person shall mean any corporation or other
Person in which such Person beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, an amount
of voting securities sufficient to elect at least a majority of the directors or
control the management of such corporation or Person.

          (nn) "Substitution Period" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
11(a)(iii) hereof.

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          (oo) "Summary of Rights" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
3(b) hereof.

          (pp) "Trading Day" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
11(d)(i) hereof.

          (qq) "Triggering Event" shall mean any Section 11(a)(ii) Event or any
Section 13 Event.

          Section 2. APPOINTMENT OF RIGHTS AGENT. The Company hereby appoints
the Rights Agent to act as agent for the Company in accordance with the terms
and conditions hereof, and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such appointment. The
Company may from time to time appoint such co-rights agents as it may deem
necessary or desirable upon ten days written notice to the Rights Agent. The
Rights Agent shall have no duty to supervise and shall in no event be liable for
the acts or omissions of, any such co-rights agent.

          Section 3. ISSUANCE OF RIGHTS CERTIFICATES.

          (a) Until the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on the tenth (10th)
Day after the Stock Acquisition Date or (ii) the Close of Business on the tenth
Business Day (or such later date as may be determined by action of the Board
prior to such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring Person) after the date
that a tender or exchange offer by any Person (other than the Company, any
Subsidiary of the Company, any employee benefit plan of the Company or of any
Subsidiary of the Company, any Exempted Entity or any Person or entity
organized, appointed or established by the Company for or pursuant to the terms
of any such plan) is first published or sent or given within the meaning of Rule
14d-2(a) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act, if upon
consummation thereof, such Person would become an Acquiring Person (the earlier
of (i) and (ii) being herein referred to as the "Distribution Date"), (x) the
Rights will be evidenced (subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this
Section 3) by the certificates for the Common Stock registered in the names of
the holders of the Common Stock (which certificates for Common Stock shall be
deemed also to be certificates for Rights) and not by separate certificates and
(y) the Rights will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of the
underlying shares of Common Stock (including a transfer to the Company). The
Company shall promptly notify the Rights Agent of the occurrence of a
Distribution Date and request its transfer agent to provide to the Rights Agent
a shareholder list together with all other relevant information. As soon as
practicable after the Rights Agent is notified of the Distribution Date and
receives such notice, list and information from the Company, the Rights Agent
will, at the Company's expense, send by first-class, insured, postage-prepaid
mail, to each record holder of the Common Stock as of the close of business on
the Distribution Date, at the address of such holder shown on the records of the
Company, one or more right certificates, in substantially the form of Exhibit B
hereto (the "Rights Certificates"), evidencing one Right for each share of
Common Stock so held, subject to adjustment as provided herein. In the event
that an adjustment in the number of Rights per share of Common Stock has been
made pursuant to Section 11(p) hereof, at the time of distribution of the Rights
Certificates, the Company shall make the necessary and appropriate rounding
adjustments (in accordance with Section 14(a) hereof) so that Rights
Certificates representing only whole numbers of Rights are distributed and cash
is paid in lieu of any fractional Rights. As of and after the Distribution Date,
the Rights will

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be evidenced  solely by such Rights  Certificates.  The failure to mail a Rights
Certificate shall not affect the legality or validity of the Rights.

          (b) The Company will send, as promptly as practicable following the
Record Date, a copy of a Summary of Rights, in the form attached hereto as
Exhibit C (the "Summary of Rights") by first-class, postage-prepaid mail, to
each record holder of Common Stock as of the Close of Business on the Record
Date, at the address of such holder shown on the records of the Company and will
make the Summary of Rights available to any holder of Rights who may so request
from time to time prior to the Expiration Date. With respect to certificates for
the Common Stock outstanding as of the Record Date, until the Distribution Date,
the Rights will be evidenced by such certificates registered in the names of the
holders thereof together with a copy of the Summary of Rights attached thereto
and the registered holders of the Common Stock shall also be the registered
holders of the associated Rights. Until the Close of Business on the
Distribution Date (or the earlier of the Redemption Date or the Close of
Business on the Final Expiration Date), the surrender for transfer of any
certificates representing shares of Common Stock outstanding on the Record Date,
with or without a copy of the Summary of Rights attached thereto, shall also
constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with such shares of Common
Stock.

          (c) Rights shall be issued in respect of all shares of Common Stock
which are issued (whether originally issued or from the Company's treasury) on
or after the Record Date but prior to the earliest of the Close of Business on
the Distribution Date, the Redemption Date or the Close of Business on the Final
Expiration Date. Certificates representing such shares of Common Stock shall
also be deemed to be certificates for Rights, and shall bear the following
legend:

          "This certificate also evidences and entitles the holder hereof to
     certain rights (the "Rights") as set forth in a Rights Agreement (the
     "Rights Agreement"), the terms of which are hereby incorporated herein by
     reference and a copy of which is on file at the principal executive offices
     of Weight Watchers International, Inc. Under certain circumstances, as set
     forth in the Rights Agreement, such Rights will be evidenced by separate
     certificates and will no longer be evidenced by this certificate. Weight
     Watchers International, Inc. will mail to the holder of this certificate a
     copy of the Rights Agreement without charge after receipt of a written
     request. As described in the Rights Agreement, Rights beneficially owned by
     an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person
     (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement), shall become null and
     void."

          With respect to such certificates containing the foregoing legend,
until the earlier of (i) the Distribution Date or (ii) the Expiration Date, the
Rights associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificates shall
be evidenced by such certificates alone and registered holders of Common Stock
shall also be the registered holders of the associated Rights, and the transfer
of any of such certificates shall also constitute the transfer of the Rights
associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificates.

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          Section 4. FORM OF RIGHTS CERTIFICATES.

          (a) The Rights Certificates (and the forms of election to purchase and
of assignment to be printed on the reverse thereof) shall each be substantially
in the form set forth in Exhibit B hereto and may have such marks of
identification or designation and such legends, summaries or endorsements
printed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate (but which do not affect the
rights, duties or responsibilities of the Rights Agent) and as are not
inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to
comply with any applicable law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant
thereto or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which the Rights
may from time to time be listed, or to conform to usage. The Rights Certificates
shall be in machine printable format and in a form reasonably satisfactory to
the Rights Agent. Subject to the provisions of Section 11 and Section 22 hereof,
the Rights Certificates, whenever distributed, shall be dated as of the Record
Date, show the date of countersignature, and on their face shall entitle the
holders thereof to purchase such number of one one-hundredths of a share of
Preferred Stock as shall be set forth therein at the price set forth therein
(such exercise price per one one-hundredth of a share, the "Purchase Price"),
but the amount and type of securities purchasable upon the exercise of each
Right and the Purchase Price thereof shall be subject to adjustment as provided
herein.

          (b) Any Rights Certificate issued pursuant to Section 3(a), Section
11(i) or Section 22 hereof that represents Rights beneficially owned by: (i) an
Acquiring Person or any Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person, (ii) a
transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or Affiliate) who
becomes a transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes such or (iii) a
transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or Affiliate) who
becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with the Acquiring Person becoming
such and receives such Rights pursuant to either (A) a transfer (whether or not
for consideration) from the Acquiring Person to holders of equity interests in
such Acquiring Person or to any Person with whom such Acquiring Person has any
continuing agreement, arrangement or understanding regarding the transferred
Rights or (B) a transfer which the Board has determined is part of a plan,
continuing agreement, arrangement or understanding which has as a primary
purpose or effect avoidance of Section 7(e) hereof, and provided that the
Company shall have notified the Rights Agent that this Section 4(b) applies, any
Rights Certificate issued pursuant to Section 6 or Section 11 hereof upon
transfer, exchange, replacement or adjustment of any other Rights Certificate
referred to in this sentence, shall contain (to the extent feasible) the
following legend:

          "The Rights represented by this Rights Certificate are or were
     beneficially owned by a Person who was or became an Acquiring Person or an
     Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person (as such terms are defined in
     the Rights Agreement). Accordingly, this Rights Certificate and the Rights
     represented hereby may become null and void in the circumstances specified
     in Section 7(e) of the Rights Agreement.

          The Company shall supply the Rights Agent with such legended Rights
     Certificates."

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          Section 5. COUNTERSIGNATURE AND REGISTRATION.

          (a) The Rights Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the Company
by its Chairman of the Board, its President or any Vice President, either
manually or by facsimile signature, and shall have affixed thereto the Company's
seal or a facsimile thereof which shall be attested by the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary of the Company, either manually or by facsimile signature.
The Rights Certificates shall be countersigned by the Rights Agent, either
manually or by facsimile signature, and shall not be valid for any purpose
unless so countersigned. In case any officer of the Company who shall have
signed any of the Rights Certificates shall cease to be such officer of the
Company before countersignature by the Rights Agent and issuance and delivery by
the Company, such Rights Certificates, nevertheless, may be countersigned by the
Rights Agent and issued and delivered by the Company with the same force and
effect as though the person who signed such Rights Certificates had not ceased
to be such officer of the Company; and any Rights Certificates may be signed on
behalf of the Company by any person who, at the actual date of the execution of
such Rights Certificate, shall be a proper officer of the Company to sign such
Rights Certificate, although at the date of the execution of this Rights
Agreement any such person was not such an officer.

          (b) Following the Distribution Date and receipt by the Rights Agent of
all reasonably necessary information, the Rights Agent will keep, or cause to be
kept, at its principal office or offices designated as the appropriate place for
surrender of Rights Certificates upon exercise or transfer, books for
registration and transfer of the Rights Certificates issued hereunder. Such
books shall show the names and addresses of the respective holders of the Rights
Certificates, the number of Rights evidenced on its face by each of the Rights
Certificates and the date of each of the Rights Certificates.

          Section 6. TRANSFER, SPLIT-UP, COMBINATION AND EXCHANGE OF RIGHTS
CERTIFICATES; MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST OR STOLEN RIGHTS CERTIFICATES.

          (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 4(b), Section 7(e) and
Section 14 hereof, at any time after the Close of Business on the Distribution
Date, and at or prior to the Close of Business on the Expiration Date, any
Rights Certificate or Certificates (other than Rights Certificates representing
Rights that may have been exchanged pursuant to Section 24 hereof) may be
transferred, split up, combined or exchanged for another Rights Certificate or
Certificates, entitling the registered holder to purchase a like number of one
one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock (or, following a Triggering Event,
Common Stock, other securities, cash or other assets, as the case may be) as the
Rights Certificate or Certificates surrendered then entitles such holder (or
former holder in the case of a transfer) to purchase. Any registered holder
desiring to transfer, split up, combine or exchange any Rights Certificate or
Certificates shall make such request in writing delivered to the Rights Agent,
and shall surrender the Rights Certificate or Certificates to be transferred,
split up, combined or exchanged at the office of the Rights Agent designated for
such purpose. Neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to
take any action whatsoever with respect to the transfer of any such surrendered
Rights Certificate until the registered holder shall have properly completed and
signed the certificate contained in the form of assignment on the reverse side
of such Rights Certificate and shall have provided such additional evidence of
the identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates
or Associates thereof as the Company or the Rights Agent shall

                                        9
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reasonably request. Thereupon the Rights Agent shall, subject to Section 4(b),
Section 7(e), Section 14 hereof and Section 24 hereof, countersign and deliver
to the Person entitled thereto a Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates, as
the case may be, as so requested. The Company may require payment by the holders
of Rights of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that may
be imposed in connection with any transfer, split up, combination or exchange of
Rights Certificates. The Rights Agent shall have no duty or obligation to take
any action under any Section of this Agreement which requires the payment by a
holder of Rights of applicable taxes and governmental charges unless and until
the Rights Agent is satisfied that all such taxes and/or charges have been paid.

          (b) Upon receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent of evidence
reasonably satisfactory to them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of
a Rights Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity
or security reasonably satisfactory to them, and, at the Company's or the Rights
Agent's request, reimbursement to the Company and the Rights Agent of all
reasonable expenses incidental thereto, and, upon surrender to the Rights Agent
and cancellation of the Rights Certificate, if mutilated, the Company will
execute and deliver a new Rights Certificate of like tenor to the Rights Agent
for countersignature and delivery to the registered owner in lieu of the Rights
Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated.

          Section 7. EXERCISE OF RIGHTS; PURCHASE PRICE; EXPIRATION DATE OF
RIGHTS.

          (a) Subject to Section 7(e) hereof, at any time after the Distribution
Date the registered holder of any Rights Certificate may exercise the Rights
evidenced thereby (except as otherwise provided herein including, without
limitation, the restrictions on exercisability set forth in Section 9(c),
Section 11(a)(ii) and Section 23(a) hereof) in whole or in part upon surrender
of the Rights Certificate, with the form of election to purchase and the
certificate on the reverse side thereof duly executed, to the Rights Agent at
the principal office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose,
together with payment of the aggregate Purchase Price with respect to the total
number of one one-hundredths of a share (or other securities, cash or other
assets, as the case may be) as to which such surrendered Rights are then
exercisable, at or prior to the earlier of (i) 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on
November 19, 2011, or such later date as may be established by the Board prior
to the expiration of the Rights (such date, as it may be extended by the Board,
the ("Final Expiration Date")); (ii) the time at which the right to exercise the
Rights terminates pursuant to Section 23 hereof; or (iii) the time at which the
right to exercise the Rights terminates pursuant to Section 24 hereof (the
earliest of (i), (ii) and (iii) being herein referred to as the "Expiration
Date").

          (b) The Purchase Price for each one one-hundredth of a share of
Preferred Stock pursuant to the exercise of a Right shall initially be $102.00,
and shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in Section 11
and Section 13(a) hereof and shall be payable in accordance with paragraph (c)
below.

          (c) Upon receipt of a Rights Certificate representing exercisable
Rights, with the form of election to purchase and the certificate duly executed,
accompanied by payment, with respect to each Right so exercised, of the Purchase
Price per one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock (or other shares,
securities, cash or other assets, as the case may be) to be

                                       10
<Page>

purchased as set forth below and an amount equal to any applicable tax or
charge, the Rights Agent shall, subject to Section 20(k) hereof, thereupon
promptly (i) (A) requisition from any transfer agent of the shares of Preferred
Stock (or make available, if the Rights Agent is the transfer agent for such
shares) certificates for the total number of one one-hundredths of a share of
Preferred Stock to be purchased and the Company hereby irrevocably authorizes
its transfer agent to comply with all such requests or (B) if the Company shall
have elected to deposit the total number of shares of Preferred Stock issuable
upon exercise of the Rights hereunder with a depositary agent, requisition from
the depositary agent depositary receipts representing such number of one
one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock as are to be purchased (in which
case certificates for the shares of Preferred Stock represented by such receipts
shall be deposited by the transfer agent with the depositary agent) and the
Company will direct the depositary agent to comply with such request, (ii)
requisition from the Company the amount of cash, if any, to be paid in lieu of
fractional shares in accordance with Section 14 hereof, (iii) after receipt of
such certificates or depositary receipts, cause the same to be delivered to or,
upon the order of the registered holder of such Rights Certificate, registered
in such name or names as may be designated by such holder and (iv) after receipt
thereof, deliver such cash, if any, to or upon the order of the registered
holder of such Rights Certificate. The payment of the Purchase Price (as such
amount may be reduced pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof) shall be made in
cash or by certified bank check or bank draft payable to the order of the
Company. In the event that the Company is obligated to issue other securities
(including Common Stock) of the Company, pay cash and/or distribute other
property pursuant to Section 11(a) hereof, the Company will make all
arrangements necessary so that such other securities, cash and/or other property
are available for distribution by the Rights Agent, if and when necessary to
comply with this Agreement. The Company reserves the right to require, prior to
the occurrence of a Triggering Event, that, upon any exercise of Rights, a
number of Rights be exercised so that only whole shares of Preferred Stock would
be issued.

          (d) In case the registered holder of any Rights Certificate shall
exercise less than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new Rights Certificate
evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining unexercised shall be issued
by the Rights Agent and delivered to, or upon the order of, the registered
holder of such Rights Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be
designated by such holder, subject to the provisions of Section 14 hereof.

          (e) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, from
and after the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, any Rights
beneficially owned by (i) an Acquiring Person or an Associate or Affiliate of an
Acquiring Person, (ii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such
Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee after the Acquiring Person
becomes such or (iii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such
Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with
the Acquiring Person becoming such and receives such Rights pursuant to either
(A) a transfer (whether or not for consideration) from the Acquiring Person to
holders of equity interests in such Acquiring Person or to any Person with whom
the Acquiring Person has any continuing agreement, arrangement or understanding
regarding the transferred Rights or (B) a transfer which the Board has
determined is part of a plan, continuing agreement, arrangement or understanding
which has as a primary purpose or effect the avoidance of this Section 7(e),
shall become null and void without any further action and no holder of such
Rights shall have any rights whatsoever with respect to such Rights, whether
under any provision of this Agreement or otherwise. The

                                       11
<Page>

Company shall notify the Rights Agent when this Section 7(e) applies and should
use all reasonable efforts to ensure that the provisions of this Section 7(e)
and Section 4(b) hereof are complied with, but neither the Company nor the
Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder of Rights Certificates or
any other Person as a result of the Company's failure to make any determinations
with respect to an Acquiring Person or its Affiliates, Associates or transferees
hereunder. The Rights Agent will endeavor to comply with the provisions hereof
to the extent it has received instructions from the Company concerning such
matters.

          (f) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to undertake any
action with respect to a registered holder upon the occurrence of any purported
exercise as set forth in this Section 7 unless such registered holder shall have
(i) properly completed and signed the certificate contained in the form of
election to purchase set forth on the reverse side of the Rights Certificate
surrendered for such exercise and (ii) provided such additional evidence of the
identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Associates or
Affiliates thereof as the Company or the Rights Agent shall reasonably request.

          Section 8. CANCELLATION OF RIGHTS CERTIFICATES. All Rights
Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise, transfer, split-up,
combination or exchange shall, if surrendered to the Company or any of its
agents, be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in cancelled form,
or, if surrendered to the Rights Agent, shall be cancelled by it, and no Rights
Certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by
any of the provisions of this Agreement. The Company shall deliver to the Rights
Agent for cancellation and retirement, and the Rights Agent shall so cancel and
retire, any other Rights Certificate purchased or acquired by the Company
otherwise than upon the exercise thereof. The Rights Agent shall deliver all
cancelled Rights Certificates to the Company.

          Section 9. RESERVATION AND AVAILABILITY OF CAPITAL STOCK.

          (a) The Company covenants and agrees that it will cause to be reserved
and kept available out of its authorized and unissued shares of Preferred Stock
(and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, out of its authorized and
unissued shares of Common Stock and/or other securities or out of its authorized
and issued shares held in its treasury), the number of shares of Preferred Stock
(and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common Stock and/or other
securities) that, as provided in this Agreement including Section 11(a)(iii)
hereof, will be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding
Rights.

          (b) So long as the shares of Preferred Stock (and, following the
occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common Stock and/or other securities) issuable
and deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights may be listed on any national
securities exchange, the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause,
from and after such time as the Rights become exercisable, all shares reserved
for such issuance to be listed on such exchange upon official notice of issuance
upon such exercise.

          (c) The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to (i) file, as
soon as practicable following the earliest date after the first occurrence of a
Section 11(a)(ii) Event on which the consideration to be delivered by the
Company upon exercise of the Rights has been

                                       12
<Page>

determined in accordance with Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, a registration
statement under the Act, with respect to the securities purchasable upon
exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form, (ii) cause such registration
statement to become effective as soon as practicable after such filing and (iii)
cause such registration statement to remain effective (with a prospectus at all
times meeting the requirements of the Act) until the earlier of (A) the date as
of which the Rights are no longer exercisable for such securities and (B) the
date of the expiration of the Rights. The Company will also take such action as
may be appropriate under, or to ensure compliance with, the securities or "blue
sky" laws of the various states in connection with the exercisability of the
Rights. The Company may temporarily suspend, for a period of time not to exceed
ninety (90) days after the date set forth in clause (i) of the first sentence of
this Section 9(c), the exercisability of the Rights in order to prepare and file
such registration statement and permit it to become effective. Upon any such
suspension, the Company shall issue a public announcement and shall give
simultaneous written notice to the Rights Agent stating that the exercisability
of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public announcement
at such time as the suspension has been rescinded. In addition, if the Company
shall determine that a registration statement is required following the
Distribution Date, the Company may by issuing a public announcement temporarily
suspend the exercisability of the Rights until such time as a registration
statement has been declared effective. The Company shall promptly provide the
Rights Agent with copies of such announcements. Notwithstanding any provision of
this Agreement to the contrary, the Rights shall not be exercisable in any
jurisdiction if the requisite qualification in such jurisdiction shall not have
been obtained, the exercise thereof shall not be permitted under applicable law,
or a registration statement shall not have been declared effective. The Rights
Agent may assume that any Right exercised is permitted to be exercised under
applicable law and shall have no liability for acting in reliance upon such
assumption.

          (d) The Company covenants and agrees that it will take all such action
as may be necessary to ensure that all one one-hundredths of a share of
Preferred Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common
Stock and/or other securities) delivered upon exercise of Rights shall, at the
time of delivery of the certificates for such shares (subject to payment of the
Purchase Price), be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and
nonassessable.

          (e) The Company further covenants and agrees that it will pay when due
and payable any and all taxes and governmental charges which may be payable in
respect of the issuance or delivery of the Rights Certificates and of any
certificates for a number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock
(or Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) upon the exercise
of Rights. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any tax or charge
which may be payable in respect of any transfer or delivery of Rights
Certificates to a Person other than, or the issuance or delivery of a number of
one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or other
securities, as the case may be) in respect of a name other than that of the
registered holder of the Rights Certificates evidencing Rights surrendered for
exercise or to issue or deliver any certificates for a number of one
one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or other
securities, as the case may be) in a name other than that of the registered
holder upon the exercise of any Rights until such tax or charge shall have been
paid (any such tax being payable by the holder of such Rights Certificate at the
time of surrender) or until it has been established to the Company's
satisfaction that no such tax or charge is due.

                                       13
<Page>

          Section 10. PREFERRED STOCK RECORD DATE. Each Person in whose name any
certificate for a number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock (or
Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) is issued upon the
exercise of Rights shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of
record of such fractional shares of Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or
other securities, as the case may be) represented thereby on, and such
certificate shall be dated, the date upon which the Rights Certificate
evidencing such Rights was duly surrendered and payment of the Purchase Price
(and all applicable taxes and charges) was made; provided, however, that if the
date of such surrender and payment is a date upon which the Preferred Stock (or
Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) transfer books of the
Company are closed, such Person shall be deemed to have become the record holder
of such shares (fractional or otherwise) on, and such certificate shall be
dated, the next succeeding Business Day on which the Preferred Stock (or Common
Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) transfer books of the Company
are open. Prior to the exercise of the Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a
Rights Certificate shall not be entitled to any rights of a stockholder of the
Company with respect to shares for which the Rights shall be exercisable,
including, without limitation, the right to vote, to receive dividends or other
distributions or to exercise any preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to
receive any notice of any proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein.

          Section 11. ADJUSTMENT OF PURCHASE PRICE, NUMBER AND KIND OF SHARES OR
NUMBER OF RIGHTS. The Purchase Price, the number and kind of shares covered by
each Right and the number of Rights outstanding are subject to adjustment from
time to time as provided in this Section 11.

          (a) (i) In the event the Company shall at any time after the date of
this Agreement (A) declare a dividend on the Preferred Stock payable in shares
of Preferred Stock, (B) subdivide the outstanding Preferred Stock, (C) combine
the outstanding Preferred Stock into a smaller number of shares or (D) issue any
shares of its capital stock in a reclassification of the Preferred Stock
(including any such reclassification in connection with a consolidation or
merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation), except
as otherwise provided in this Section 11(a) and Section 7(e) hereof, the
Purchase Price in effect at the time of the record date for such dividend or of
the effective date of such subdivision, combination or reclassification, and the
number and kind of shares of Preferred Stock or capital stock, as the case may
be, issuable on such date, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the holder
of any Right exercised after such time shall be entitled to receive, upon
payment of the Purchase Price then in effect, the aggregate number and kind of
shares of Preferred Stock or capital stock, as the case may be, which, if such
Right had been exercised immediately prior to such date and at a time when the
Preferred Stock transfer books of the Company were open, such holder would have
owned upon such exercise and been entitled to receive by virtue of such
dividend, subdivision, combination or reclassification. If an event occurs which
would require an adjustment under both this Section 11(a)(i) and Section
11(a)(ii) hereof, the adjustment provided for in this Section 11(a)(i) shall be
in addition to, and shall be made prior to, any adjustment required pursuant to
Section 11(a)(ii) hereof.

          (ii) In the event any Person shall become an Acquiring Person, then,
promptly following the occurrence of such event, proper provision shall be made
so that each holder of a Right (except as provided below and in Section 7(e)
hereof) shall thereafter have the right to

                                       14
<Page>

receive, upon exercise thereof at the then current Purchase Price in accordance
with the terms of this Agreement, in lieu of a number of one one-hundredths of a
share of Preferred Stock, such number of shares of Common Stock of the Company
as shall equal the result obtained by (x) multiplying the then current Purchase
Price by the then number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock for
which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of a
Section 11(a)(ii) Event and (y) dividing that product (which, following such
first occurrence, shall thereafter be referred to as the "Purchase Price" for
each Right and for all purposes of this Agreement) by 50% of the Current Market
Price (determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) per share of Common Stock on
the date of such first occurrence (such number of shares, the "Adjustment
Shares").

          (iii) In the event that the number of shares of Common Stock which are
authorized by the Company's Articles of Incorporation, but which are not
outstanding or reserved for issuance for purposes other than upon exercise of
the Rights, are not sufficient to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in
accordance with the foregoing subparagraph (ii) of this Section 11(a), the
Company shall (A) determine the value of the Adjustment Shares issuable upon the
exercise of a Right (the "Current Value") and (B) with respect to each Right
(subject to Section 7(e) hereof), make adequate provision to substitute for the
Adjustment Shares, upon the exercise of a Right and payment of the applicable
Purchase Price, (1) cash, (2) a reduction in the Purchase Price, (3) Common
Stock or other equity securities of the Company (including, without limitation,
shares, or units of shares, of preferred stock, such as the Preferred Stock,
which the Board has deemed to have essentially the same value or economic rights
as shares of Common Stock (such shares of preferred stock being referred to as
"Common Stock Equivalents")), (4) debt securities of the Company, (5) other
assets or (6) any combination of the foregoing, having an aggregate value equal
to the Current Value (less the amount of any reduction in the Purchase Price),
where such aggregate value has been determined by the Board based upon the
advice of a nationally recognized investment banking firm selected by the Board;
provided, however, that if the Company shall not have made adequate provision to
deliver value pursuant to clause (B) above within thirty (30) days following the
later of (x) the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event and (y) the date
on which the Company's right of redemption pursuant to Section 23(a) expires
(the later of (x) and (y) being referred to herein as the "Section 11(a)(ii)
Trigger Date"), then the Company shall be obligated to deliver, upon the
surrender for exercise of a Right and without requiring payment of the Purchase
Price, shares of Common Stock (to the extent available) and then, if necessary,
cash, which shares and/or cash have an aggregate value equal to the Spread. For
purposes of the preceding sentence, the term "Spread" shall mean the excess of
(i) the Current Value over (ii) the Purchase Price. If the Board determines in
good faith that it is likely that sufficient additional shares of Common Stock
could be authorized for issuance upon exercise in full of the Rights, the thirty
(30) day period set forth above may be extended to the extent necessary, but not
more than ninety (90) days after the Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date, in order
that the Company may seek shareholder approval for the authorization of such
additional shares (such thirty (30) day period, as it may be extended, is herein
called the "Substitution Period"). To the extent that action is to be taken
pursuant to the first and/or third sentences of this Section 11(a)(iii), the
Company (1) shall provide, subject to Section 7(e) hereof, that such action
shall apply uniformly to all outstanding Rights and (2) may suspend the
exercisability of the Rights until the expiration of the Substitution Period in
order to seek such shareholder approval for such authorization of additional
shares and/or to decide the appropriate form of distribution to be made pursuant
to such first sentence and to determine the value thereof. In the

                                       15
<Page>

event of any such suspension, the Company shall issue a public announcement
stating that the exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as
well as a public announcement at such time as the suspension is no longer in
effect, in each case with simultaneous written notice to the Rights Agent. For
purposes of this Section 11(a)(iii), the value of each Adjustment Share shall be
the Current Market Price per share of the Common Stock on the Section 11(a)(ii)
Trigger Date and the per share or per unit value of any Common Stock Equivalent
shall be deemed to equal the Current Market Price per share of the Common Stock
on such date.

          (b) In case the Company shall fix a record date for the issuance of
rights, options or warrants to all holders of Preferred Stock entitling them to
subscribe for or purchase (for a period expiring within forty-five (45) calendar
days after such record date) Preferred Stock (or shares having the same rights,
privileges and preferences as the shares of Preferred Stock ("Equivalent
Preferred Stock")) or securities convertible into Preferred Stock or Equivalent
Preferred Stock at a price per share of Preferred Stock or per share of
Equivalent Preferred Stock (or having a conversion price per share, if a
security convertible into Preferred Stock or Equivalent Preferred Stock) less
than the Current Market Price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof)
per share of Preferred Stock on such record date, the Purchase Price to be in
effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase
Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the
numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding
on such record date, plus the number of shares of Preferred Stock which the
aggregate offering price of the total number of shares of Preferred Stock and/or
Equivalent Preferred Stock so to be offered (and/or the aggregate initial
conversion price of the convertible securities so to be offered) would purchase
at such Current Market Price, and the denominator of which shall be the number
of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding on such record date, plus the number of
additional shares of Preferred Stock and/or Equivalent Preferred Stock to be
offered for subscription or purchase (or into which the convertible securities
so to be offered are initially convertible). In case such subscription price may
be paid by delivery of consideration, part or all of which may be in a form
other than cash, the value of such consideration shall be as determined in good
faith by the Board, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed
with the Rights Agent and shall be binding on the Rights Agent and the holders
of the Rights. Shares of Preferred Stock owned by or held for the account of the
Company shall not be deemed outstanding for the purpose of any such computation.
Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed,
and in the event that such rights or warrants are not so issued, the Purchase
Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would then be in effect
if such record date had not been fixed.

          (c) In case the Company shall fix a record date for a distribution to
all holders of Preferred Stock (including any such distribution made in
connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the surviving
corporation) of evidences of indebtedness, cash (other than a regular quarterly
cash dividend out of the earnings or retained earnings of the Company), assets
(other than a dividend payable in Preferred Stock, but including any dividend
payable in stock other than Preferred Stock) or evidences of indebtedness, or of
subscription rights or warrants (excluding those referred to in Section 11(b)
hereof), the Purchase Price to be in effect after such record date shall be
determined by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such
record date by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the Current Market
Price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) per share of Preferred
Stock on such record date, less the fair market value (as determined in good
faith by the Board, whose

                                       16
<Page>

determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent) of
the portion of the cash, assets or evidences of indebtedness so to be
distributed or of such subscription rights or warrants applicable to a share of
Preferred Stock, and the denominator of which shall be such Current Market Price
(as determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) per share of Preferred Stock.
Such adjustments shall be made successively whenever such a record date is
fixed, and in the event that such distribution is not so made, the Purchase
Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would have been in effect
if such record date had not been fixed.

          (d) (i) For the purpose of any computation hereunder, other than
computations made pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, the Current Market
Price per share of Common Stock on any date shall be deemed to be the average of
the daily closing prices per share of such Common Stock for the thirty (30)
consecutive Trading Days immediately prior to and not including such date, and
for purposes of computations made pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, the
Current Market Price per share of Common Stock on any date shall be deemed to be
the average of the daily closing prices per share of such Common Stock for the
ten (10) consecutive Trading Days immediately following and not including such
date; provided, however, that in the event that the Current Market Price per
share of the Common Stock is determined during a period following the
announcement by the issuer of such Common Stock of (A) a dividend or
distribution on such Common Stock payable in shares of such Common Stock or
securities convertible into shares of such Common Stock (other than the Rights)
or (B) any subdivision, combination or reclassification of such Common Stock,
and the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution, or the record date
for such subdivision, combination or reclassification shall not have occurred
prior to the commencement of the requisite thirty (30) Trading Day or ten (10)
Trading Day period, as set forth above, then, and in each such case, the Current
Market Price shall be properly adjusted to take into account ex-dividend
trading. The closing price for each day shall be the last quoted price or, if
not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the
over-the-counter market, as reported by NASDAQ or such other system then in use,
or, if the shares of Common Stock are listed or admitted to trading on the New
York Stock Exchange, the closing price for each day shall be the last sale
price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the
average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either case as
reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system or, if the
shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on the New York
Stock Exchange, as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting
system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities
exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are listed or admitted to trading,
or, if on any such date the shares of Common Stock are not quoted by any such
organizations, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a
professional market maker making a market in the Common Stock selected by the
Board. If on any such date no market maker is making a market in the Common
Stock, the fair value of such shares on such date as determined in good faith by
the Board shall be used. The term "Trading Day" shall mean a day on which the
principal national securities exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are
listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if the
shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on any national
securities exchange, a Business Day. If the Common Stock is not publicly held or
not so listed or traded, Current Market Price per share shall mean the fair
value per share as determined in good faith by the Board, whose determination
shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be
conclusive for all purposes.

                                       17
<Page>

          (ii) For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the Current Market
Price per share of Preferred Stock shall be determined in the same manner as set
forth above for the Common Stock in clause (i) of this Section 11(d) (other than
the last sentence thereof). If the Current Market Price per share of Preferred
Stock cannot be determined in the manner provided above or if the Preferred
Stock is not publicly held or listed or traded in a manner described in clause
(i) of this Section 11(d), the Current Market Price per share of Preferred Stock
shall be conclusively deemed to be an amount equal to 100 (as such number may be
appropriately adjusted for such events as stock splits, stock dividends and
recapitalizations with respect to the Common Stock occurring after the date of
this Agreement) multiplied by the Current Market Price per share of the Common
Stock. If neither the Common Stock nor the Preferred Stock is publicly held or
so listed or traded, Current Market Price per share of the Preferred Stock shall
mean the fair value per share as determined in good faith by the Board, whose
determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and
shall be conclusive for all purposes. For all purposes of this Agreement, the
Current Market Price of a Unit shall be equal to the Current Market Price of one
share of Preferred Stock divided by 100.

          (e) Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, no adjustment in
the Purchase Price shall be required unless such adjustment would require an
increase or decrease of at least one percent (1%) in the Purchase Price;
provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of this Section 11(e)
are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken into account in
any subsequent adjustment. All calculations under this Section 11 shall be made
to the nearest cent or to the nearest ten-thousandth of a share of Common Stock
or other share or one-millionth of a share of Preferred Stock, as the case may
be. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 11(e), any adjustment
required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than the earlier of (i) three
(3) years from the date of the transaction which mandates such adjustment or
(ii) the Expiration Date.

          (f) If as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii)
or Section 13(a) hereof, the holder of any Right thereafter exercised shall
become entitled to receive any shares of capital stock other than Preferred
Stock, thereafter the number of such other shares so receivable upon exercise of
any Right and the Purchase Price thereof shall be subject to adjustment from
time to time in a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the
provisions with respect to the Preferred Stock contained in Sections 11(a), (b),
(c), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k) and (m), and the provisions of Sections 7, 9,
10, 13 and 14 hereof with respect to the Preferred Stock shall apply on like
terms to any such other shares.

          (g) All Rights originally issued by the Company subsequent to any
adjustment made to the Purchase Price hereunder shall evidence the right to
purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, the number of one one-hundredths of a
share of Preferred Stock purchasable from time to time hereunder upon exercise
of the Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.

          (h) Unless the Company shall have exercised its election as provided
in Section 11(i), upon each adjustment of the Purchase Price as a result of the
calculations made in Sections 11(b) and (c), each Right outstanding immediately
prior to the making of such adjustment shall thereafter evidence the right to
purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, that number of one one-hundredths of a
share of Preferred Stock (calculated to the nearest one-

                                       18
<Page>

millionth) obtained by (i) multiplying (x) the number of one one-hundredths of a
share covered by a Right immediately prior to this adjustment, by (y) the
Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment of the Purchase
Price and (ii) dividing the product so obtained by the Purchase Price in effect
immediately after such adjustment of the Purchase Price.

          (i) The Company may elect on or after the date of any adjustment of
the Purchase Price to adjust the number of Rights, in lieu of any adjustment in
the number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock purchasable upon
the exercise of a Right. Each of the Rights outstanding after the adjustment in
the number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number of one one-hundredths
of a share of Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable immediately
prior to such adjustment. Each Right held of record prior to such adjustment of
the number of Rights shall become that number of Rights (calculated to the
nearest one ten-thousandth) obtained by dividing the Purchase Price in effect
immediately prior to adjustment of the Purchase Price by the Purchase Price in
effect immediately after adjustment of the Purchase Price. The Company shall
make a public announcement (with prompt written notice thereof to the Rights
Agent) of its election to adjust the number of Rights, indicating the record
date for the adjustment, and, if known at the time, the amount of the adjustment
to be made, and shall promptly give the Rights Agent a copy of such
announcement. This record date may be the date on which the Purchase Price is
adjusted or any day thereafter, but, if the Rights Certificates have been
issued, shall be at least ten (10) days later than the date of the public
announcement. If Rights Certificates have been issued, upon each adjustment of
the number of Rights pursuant to this Section 11(i), the Company shall, as
promptly as practicable, cause to be distributed to holders of record of Rights
Certificates on such record date Rights Certificates evidencing, subject to
Section 14 hereof, the additional Rights to which such holders shall be entitled
as a result of such adjustment, or, at the option of the Company, shall cause to
be distributed to such holders of record in substitution and replacement for the
Rights Certificates held by such holders prior to the date of adjustment, and
upon surrender thereof, if required by the Company, new Rights Certificates
evidencing all the Rights to which such holders shall be entitled after such
adjustment. Rights Certificates to be so distributed shall be issued, executed
and countersigned in the manner provided for herein (and may bear, at the option
of the Company, the adjusted Purchase Price) and shall be registered in the
names of the holders of record of Rights Certificates on the record date
specified in the public announcement.

          (j) Irrespective of any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price or
the number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock issuable upon the
exercise of the Rights, the Rights Certificates theretofore and thereafter
issued may continue to express the Purchase Price per one one-hundredth of a
share and the number of one one-hundredths of a share which were expressed in
the initial Rights Certificates issued hereunder.

          (k) Before taking any action that would cause an adjustment reducing
the Purchase Price below the then stated value, if any, of the number of one
one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock issuable upon exercise of the
Rights, the Company shall take any corporate action which may, in the opinion of
its counsel, be necessary in order that the Company may validly and legally
issue fully paid and nonassessable such number of one one-hundredths of a share
of Preferred Stock at such adjusted Purchase Price.

                                       19
<Page>

          (l) In any case in which this Section 11 shall require that an
adjustment in the Purchase Price be made effective as of a record date for a
specified event, the Company may elect to defer (and shall give prompt written
notice of such election to the Rights Agent) until the occurrence of such event
the issuance to the holder of any Right exercised after such record date the
number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock and other capital
stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise over and
above the number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock and other
capital stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise
on the basis of the Purchase Price in effect prior to such adjustment; provided,
however, that the Company shall deliver to such holder a due bill or other
appropriate instrument evidencing such holder's right to receive such additional
shares (fractional or otherwise) or securities upon the occurrence of the event
requiring such adjustment.

          (m) Anything in this Section 11 to the contrary notwithstanding, the
Company shall be entitled to make such reductions in the Purchase Price, in
addition to those adjustments expressly required by this Section 11, as and to
the extent that in its good faith judgment the Board shall determine to be
advisable in order that any (i) consolidation or subdivision of the Preferred
Stock, (ii) issuance wholly for cash of any shares of Preferred Stock at less
than the Current Market Price, (iii) issuance wholly for cash of shares of
Preferred Stock or securities which by their terms are convertible into or
exchangeable for shares of Preferred Stock, (iv) stock dividends or (v) issuance
of rights, options or warrants referred to in this Section 11, hereafter made by
the Company to holders of its Preferred Stock shall not be taxable to such
stockholders.

          (n) The Company covenants and agrees that it shall not, at any time
after the Distribution Date, (i) consolidate with any other Person (other than a
Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o)
hereof), (ii) merge with or into any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of
the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof) or (iii)
sell or transfer (or permit any Subsidiary to sell or transfer), in one
transaction, or a series of related transactions, assets, cash flow or earning
power aggregating more than 50% of the assets, cash flow or earning power of the
Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other Person or Persons
(other than the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries in one or more
transactions each of which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), if (x) at the
time of or immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale there are any
rights, warrants or other instruments or securities outstanding or agreements in
effect which would substantially diminish or otherwise eliminate the benefits
intended to be afforded by the Rights or (y) prior to, simultaneously with or
immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale, the shareholders of the
Person who constitutes, or would constitute, the "Principal Party" for purposes
of Section 13(a) hereof shall have received a distribution of Rights previously
owned by such Person or any of its Affiliates and Associates.

          (o) The Company covenants and agrees that, after the Distribution
Date, it will not, except as permitted by Section 23 or Section 26 hereof, take
(or permit any Subsidiary to take) any action if at the time such action is
taken it is reasonably foreseeable that such action will diminish substantially
or otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights.

                                       20
<Page>

          (p) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the
event that the Company shall at any time after the Record Date and prior to the
Distribution Date (i) declare a dividend on the outstanding shares of Common
Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding shares
of Common Stock or (iii) combine the outstanding shares of Common Stock into a
smaller number of shares, the number of Rights associated with each share of
Common Stock then outstanding, or issued or delivered thereafter but prior to
the Distribution Date, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the number of
Rights thereafter associated with each share of Common Stock following any such
event shall equal the result obtained by multiplying the number of Rights
associated with each share of Common Stock immediately prior to such event by a
fraction the numerator which shall be the total number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding immediately prior to the occurrence of the event and the denominator
of which shall be the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding
immediately following the occurrence of such event.

          Section 12. CERTIFICATE OF ADJUSTED PURCHASE PRICE OR NUMBER OF
SHARES.

Whenever an adjustment is made as provided in Section 11 and Section 13 hereof,
the Company shall (a) promptly prepare a certificate setting forth such
adjustment and a brief statement of the facts and computations accounting for
such adjustment, (b) promptly file with the Rights Agent, and with each transfer
agent for the Preferred Stock and the Common Stock, a copy of such certificate
and (c) if a Distribution Date has occurred, mail a brief summary thereof to
each holder of a Rights Certificate in accordance with Section 27 hereof (or, if
prior to the Distribution Date, to each holder of a certificate representing
shares of Common Stock). The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying on
any such certificate and on any adjustment therein contained and shall have no
duty with respect to and shall not be deemed to have knowledge of such
adjustment unless and until it shall have received such certificate.

          Section 13. CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE OR TRANSFER OF ASSETS, CASH
FLOW OR EARNING POWER.

          (a) In the event that, at any time after a Person becomes an Acquiring
Person, directly or indirectly, (x) the Company shall consolidate with, or merge
with and into, any other Person (other than (i) an Exempted Entity or a (ii)
Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o)
hereof), and the Company shall not be the continuing or surviving corporation of
such consolidation or merger, (y) any Person (other than (i) an Exempted Entity
or (ii) a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section
11(o) hereof) shall consolidate with, or merge with or into, the Company, and
the Company shall be the continuing or surviving corporation of such
consolidation or merger and, in connection with such consolidation or merger,
all or part of the outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be changed into, or
exchanged for, stock or other securities of any other Person or cash or any
other property or (z) the Company shall sell or otherwise transfer (or one or
more of its Subsidiaries shall sell or otherwise transfer), in one transaction
or a series of related transactions, assets, cash flow or earning power
aggregating more than 50% of the assets, cash flow or earning power of the
Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any Person or Persons (other
than (i) an Exempted Entity or the Company or (ii) any Subsidiary of the Company
in one or more transactions each of which complies with Section 11(o) hereof),
then, and in each such case (except as may be contemplated by Section 13(d)
hereof), proper provision shall be made so that: (i) each holder of a Right,
except as provided in Section 7(e) hereof, shall

                                       21
<Page>

thereafter have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the then
current Purchase Price in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, such
number of validly authorized and issued, fully paid, non-assessable and freely
tradeable shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party (as such term is
hereinafter defined), not subject to any liens, encumbrances, rights of first
refusal or other adverse claims, as shall be equal to the result obtained by (1)
multiplying the then current Purchase Price by the number of one one-hundredths
of a share of Preferred Stock for which a Right is exercisable immediately prior
to the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event (or, if a Section 11(a)(ii) Event
has occurred prior to the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event, multiplying
the number of such one one-hundredths of a share for which a Right was
exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii)
Event by the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such first
occurrence), and dividing that product (which, following the first occurrence of
a Section 13 Event, shall be referred to as the "Purchase Price" for each Right
and for all purposes of this Agreement) by (2) 50% of the Current Market Price
(determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) hereof) per share of the Common Stock
of such Principal Party on the date of consummation of such Section 13 Event;
(ii) such Principal Party shall thereafter be liable for, and shall assume, by
virtue of such Section 13 Event, all the obligations and duties of the Company
pursuant to this Agreement; (iii) the term "Company" shall thereafter be deemed
to refer to such Principal Party, it being specifically intended that the
provisions of Section 11 hereof shall apply only to such Principal Party
following the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event; (iv) such Principal Party
shall take such steps (including, but not limited to, the reservation of a
sufficient number of shares of its Common Stock) in connection with the
consummation of any such transaction as may be necessary to assure that the
provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as reasonably may
be, in relation to its shares of Common Stock thereafter deliverable upon the
exercise of the Rights; and (v) the provisions of Section 11(a)(ii) hereof shall
be of no effect following the first occurrence of any Section 13 Event.

          (b) "Principal Party" shall mean:

          (i) in the case of any transaction described in clause (x) or (y) of
the first sentence of Section 13(a), the Person that is the issuer of any
securities into which shares of Common Stock of the Company are converted in
such merger or consolidation, and if no securities are so issued, the Person
that is the other party to such merger or consolidation; and

          (ii) in the case of any transaction described in clause (z) of the
first sentence of Section 13(a), the Person that is the party receiving the
greatest portion of the assets, cash flow or earning power transferred pursuant
to such transaction or transactions; provided, however, that in any such case
described in the foregoing clause (i) or (ii) of this Section 13(b) (1) if the
Common Stock of such Person is not at such time and has not been continuously
over the preceding twelve (12) month period registered under Section 12 of the
Exchange Act, and such Person is a direct or indirect Subsidiary of another
Person the Common Stock of which is and has been so registered, "Principal
Party" shall refer to such other Person; and (2) in case such Person is a
Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, of more than one Person, the Common Stocks
of two or more of which are and have been so registered, "Principal Party" shall
refer to whichever of such Persons is the issuer of the Common Stock having the
greatest aggregate market value.

                                       22
<Page>

          (c) The Company shall not consummate any such consolidation, merger,
sale or transfer unless the Principal Party shall have a sufficient number of
authorized shares of its Common Stock which have not been issued or reserved for
issuance to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with this
Section 13 and unless prior thereto the Company and such Principal Party shall
have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent a supplemental agreement
providing for the terms set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section 13
and further providing that, as soon as practicable after the date of any
consolidation, merger or sale of assets mentioned in paragraph (a) of this
Section 13, the Principal Party will

          (i) prepare and file a registration statement under the Act, with
respect to the Rights and the securities purchasable upon exercise of the Rights
on an appropriate form, and will use its reasonable best efforts to cause such
registration statement to (A) become effective as soon as practicable after such
filing and (B) remain effective (with a prospectus at all times meeting the
requirements of the Act) until the Expiration Date; and

          (ii) take such all such other action as may be necessary to enable the
Principal Party to issue the securities purchasable upon exercise of the Rights,
including but not limited to the registration or qualification of such
securities under all requisite securities laws of jurisdictions of the various
states and the listing of such securities on such exchanges and trading markets
as may be necessary or appropriate; and

          (iii) will deliver to holders of the Rights historical financial
statements for the Principal Party and each of its Affiliates which comply in
all respects with the requirements for registration on Form 10 under the
Exchange Act.

The provisions of this Section 13 shall similarly apply to successive mergers or
consolidations or sales or other transfers. In the event that a Section 13 Event
shall occur at any time after the occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, the
Rights which have not theretofore been exercised shall thereafter become
exercisable in the manner described in Section 13(a).

          (d) The Rights Agent may rely and be fully protected in relying upon a
certificate of the Company stating that the provisions of this Section 13 have
been fulfilled. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the
prior written consent of the Rights Agent must be obtained in connection with
any supplemental agreement which alters the rights or duties of the Rights
Agent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.

          Section 14. FRACTIONAL RIGHTS AND FRACTIONAL SHARES.

          (a) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Rights,
except prior to the Distribution Date as provided in Section 11(p) hereof, or to
distribute Rights Certificates which evidence fractional Rights. In lieu of such
fractional Rights, the Company shall pay to the registered holders of the Rights
Certificates with regard to which such fractional Rights would otherwise be
issuable, an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market
value of a whole Right. For purposes of this Section 14(a), the current market
value of a whole Right shall be the closing price of the Rights for the Trading
Day immediately prior to the date on which such fractional Rights would have
been otherwise issuable. The closing price of the Rights for any day shall be
the last quoted price or, if not so quoted, the average of the high

                                       23
<Page>

bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by NASDAQ
or such other system then in use, or, if the Rights are listed or admitted to
trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the closing price for each day shall be
the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such
day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either
case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system or,
if the Rights are not listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock
Exchange, as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system
with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange
on which the Rights are listed or admitted to trading, or, if on any such date
the Rights are not quoted by any such organizations, the average of the closing
bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market
in the Rights selected by the Board. If on any such date no market maker is
making a market in the Rights, the fair value of the Rights on such date as
determined in good faith by the Board shall be used.

          (b) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares of
Preferred Stock (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one
one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock) upon exercise of the Rights or to
distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of Preferred Stock
(other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-hundredth of a
share of Preferred Stock). In lieu of fractional shares of Preferred Stock that
are not integral multiples of one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock,
the Company may pay to the registered holders of Rights Certificates at the time
such Rights are exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same
fraction of the current market value of one one-hundredth of a share of
Preferred Stock. For purposes of this Section 14(b), the current market value of
one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock shall be one one-hundredth of
the closing price of a share of Preferred Stock (as determined pursuant to
Section 11(d)(ii) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of
such exercise.

          (c) Following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, the Company shall
not be required to issue fractions of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of
the Rights or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of
Common Stock. In lieu of fractional shares of Common Stock, the Company may pay
to the registered holders of Rights Certificates at the time such Rights are
exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the
current market value of one (1) share of Common Stock. For purposes of this
Section 14(c), the current market value of one share of Common Stock shall be
the closing price of one share of Common Stock (as determined pursuant to
Section 11(d)(i) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of
such exercise.

          (d) The holder of a Right by the acceptance of the Rights expressly
waives his right to receive any fractional Rights or any fractional shares upon
exercise of a Right, except as permitted by this Section 14.

          (e) Whenever a payment for fractional Rights or fractional shares is
to be made by the Rights Agent, the Company shall (i) promptly prepare and
deliver to the Rights Agent a certificate setting forth in reasonable detail the
facts related to such payment and the prices and/or formulas utilized in
calculating such payments and (ii) provide sufficient monies to the Rights Agent
in the form of fully collected funds to make such payments. The Rights Agent
shall be fully protected in relying upon such a certificate and shall have no
duty with respect to, and shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any payment
for fractional Rights or fractional

                                       24
<Page>

shares under any Section of this Agreement relating to the payment of fractional
Rights or fractional shares unless and until the Rights Agent shall have
received such a certificate and sufficient monies.

          Section 15. RIGHTS OF ACTION. All rights of action in respect of this
Agreement are vested in the respective registered holders of the Rights
Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of the
Common Stock); and any registered holder of any Rights Certificate (or, prior to
the Distribution Date, of the Common Stock), without the consent of the Rights
Agent or of the holder of any other Rights Certificate (or, prior to the
Distribution Date, of the Common Stock), may, in his own behalf and for his own
benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding
against the Company to enforce, or otherwise act in respect of, his right to
exercise the Rights evidenced by such Rights Certificate in the manner provided
in such Rights Certificate and in this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing
or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is specifically
acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have an adequate remedy at law
for any breach of this Agreement and shall be entitled to specific performance
of the obligations hereunder and injunctive relief against actual or threatened
violations of the obligations hereunder of any Person subject to this Agreement.

          Section 16. AGREEMENT OF RIGHTS HOLDERS. Every holder of a Right, by
accepting the same, consents and agrees with the Company and the Rights Agent
and with every other holder of a Right that:

          (a) prior to the Distribution Date, the Rights will be transferable
only in connection with the transfer of Common Stock;

          (b) after the Distribution Date, the Rights Certificates are
transferable only on the registry books of the Rights Agent if surrendered at
the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purposes, duly endorsed or
accompanied by a proper instrument of transfer and with the appropriate forms
and certificates fully executed;

          (c) subject to Section 6(a) and Section 7(f) hereof, the Company and
the Rights Agent may deem and treat the Person in whose name a Rights
Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the associated Common Stock
certificate) is registered as the absolute owner thereof and of the Rights
evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or writing on the
Rights Certificates or the associated Common Stock certificate made by anyone
other than the Company or the Rights Agent) for all purposes whatsoever, and
neither the Company nor the Rights Agent, subject to the last sentence of
Section 7(e) hereof, shall be required to be affected by any notice to the
contrary; and

          (d) notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder
of a Right or other Person as a result of its inability to perform any of its
obligations under this Agreement by reason of any preliminary or permanent
injunction or other order, decree or ruling issued by a court of competent
jurisdiction or by a governmental, regulatory or administrative agency or
commission, or any statute, rule, regulation or executive order promulgated or
enacted by any governmental authority, prohibiting or otherwise restraining
performance of such obligation; provided,

                                       25
<Page>

however, the Company must use its reasonable best efforts to have any such
order, decree, judgment or ruling (whether interlocutory or final) lifted or
otherwise overturned as soon as possible.

          Section 17. RIGHTS CERTIFICATE HOLDER NOT DEEMED A STOCKHOLDER. No
holder, as such, of any Rights Certificate shall be entitled to vote, receive
dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the number of one
one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock or any other securities of the
Company which may at any time be issuable on the exercise of the Rights
represented thereby, nor shall anything contained herein or in any Rights
Certificate be construed to confer upon the holder of any Rights Certificate, as
such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for
the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any
meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, or to
receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as
provided in Section 25 hereof), or to receive dividends or subscription rights,
or otherwise, until the Right or Rights evidenced by such Rights Certificate
shall have been exercised in accordance with the provisions hereof.

          Section 18. CONCERNING THE RIGHTS AGENT.

          (a) The Company agrees to pay to the Rights Agent such compensation as
shall be agreed in writing between the Company and the Rights Agent for all
services rendered by it hereunder and, from time to time, on demand of the
Rights Agent, its reasonable expenses and counsel fees and disbursements and
other disbursements incurred in the preparation, delivery, execution, amendment
and administration of this Agreement and the exercise and performance of its
duties hereunder. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Rights Agent for, and
to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability, damage, judgment, fine,
penalty, claim, demand, settlement, cost or expense, incurred without gross
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent
(each as determined by a final, non-appealable order, judgment, decree or ruling
of a court of competent jurisdiction) for any action taken, suffered or omitted
by the Rights Agent in connection with the acceptance and administration of this
Agreement, including, without limitation, the costs and expenses of defending
against any claim (whether asserted by the Company or any holder of Rights) of
liability in the premises. The costs and expenses incurred by the Rights Agent
in enforcing this right of indemnification shall be paid by the Company unless
it is determined by a final, non-appealable order, judgment, decree or ruling of
a court of competent jurisdiction that the Rights Agent is not entitled to
indemnification due to the Rights Agent's gross negligence, bad faith or willful
misconduct, in which case the costs and expenses of the Company incurred in
defending this claim for indemnification shall be paid by the Rights Agent. The
provisions of this Section 18 and Section 20 below shall survive the termination
of this Agreement, the exercise or expiration of the Rights and the resignation
or removal of the Rights Agent.

          (b) The Rights Agent shall be authorized and protected and shall incur
no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in
connection with its acceptance and administration of this Agreement in reliance
upon any Rights Certificate or certificate for Common Stock or for other
securities of the Company, instrument of assignment or transfer, power of
attorney, endorsement, affidavit, letter, notice, instruction, direction,
consent, certificate, statement or other paper or document believed by it to be
genuine and to be

                                       26
<Page>

signed and executed by the proper Person or Persons. The Rights Agent shall not
be deemed to have knowledge of any event of which it was supposed to receive
notice thereof hereunder, and the Rights Agent shall be fully protected and
shall incur no liability for failing to take any action in connection therewith
unless and until it has received such notice.

          (c) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in no
event shall the Rights Agent be liable for special, indirect, incidental,
punitive or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but
not limited to lost profits), even if the Rights Agent has been advised of the
likelihood of the loss or damage and regardless of the form of the action.

          Section 19. MERGER OR CONSOLIDATION OR CHANGE OF NAME OF RIGHTS AGENT.

          (a) Any Person into which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights
Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated, or any Person
resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Rights Agent or any
successor Rights Agent shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to the
business of the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent, shall be the
successor to the Rights Agent under this Agreement without the execution or
filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto;
but only if such Person would be eligible for appointment as a successor Rights
Agent under the provisions of Section 21 hereof. In case at the time such
successor Rights Agent shall succeed to the agency created by this Agreement,
any of the Rights Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered,
any such successor Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of a predecessor
Rights Agent and deliver such Rights Certificates so countersigned; and in case
at that time any of the Rights Certificates shall not have been countersigned,
any successor Rights Agent may countersign such Rights Certificates either in
the name of the predecessor or in the name of the successor Rights Agent; and in
all such cases such Rights Certificates shall have the full force provided in
the Rights Certificates and in this Agreement.

          (b) In case at any time the name of the Rights Agent shall be changed
and at such time any of the Rights Certificates shall have been countersigned
but not delivered, the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature under its
prior name and deliver Rights Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that
time any of the Rights Certificates shall not have been countersigned, the
Rights Agent may countersign such Rights Certificates either in its prior name
or in its changed name; and in all such cases such Rights Certificates shall
have the full force provided in the Rights Certificates and in this Agreement.

          Section 20. DUTIES OF RIGHTS AGENT. The Rights Agent undertakes only
the duties and obligations expressly imposed by this Agreement, and no implied
duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement against the Rights
Agent, upon the following terms and conditions, by all of which the Company and
the holders of Rights Certificates, by their acceptance thereof, shall be bound:

          (a) The Rights Agent may consult with legal counsel of its selection
(who may be legal counsel for the Company), and the opinion of such counsel
shall be full and complete authorization and protection to the Rights Agent, and
the Rights Agent shall incur no

                                       27
<Page>

liability for or in respect of, any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in
accordance with such opinion.

          (b) Whenever in the performance of its duties under this Agreement the
Rights Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter
(including, without limitation, the identity of any Acquiring Person and the
determination of Current Market Price) be proved or established by the Company
prior to taking, suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such fact
or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically
prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a
certificate signed by the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice
President, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any
Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Rights Agent; and such
certificate shall be full authorization to the Rights Agent for any action
taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this
Agreement in reliance upon such certificate.

          (c) The Rights Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own gross
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct (each as determined by a final,
non-appealable order, judgment, decree or ruling of a court of competent
jurisdiction). Any liability of the Rights Agent under this Rights Agreement
will be limited to the amount of fees paid by the Company to the Rights Agent.

          (d) The Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any of
the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement or in the Rights
Certificates or be required to verify the same (except as to its
countersignature on such Rights Certificates), but all such statements and
recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only.

          (e) The Rights Agent shall not be under any responsibility or have any
liability in respect of the validity of this Agreement or the execution and
delivery hereof (except the due execution hereof by the Rights Agent) or in
respect of the validity or execution of any Rights Certificate (except its
countersignature thereof); nor shall it be responsible for any breach by the
Company of any covenant or condition contained in this Agreement or in any
Rights Certificate; nor shall it be responsible for any change in the
exercisability of the Rights (including the Rights becoming null and void
pursuant to Section 7(e)) or any adjustment required under the provisions of
Section 11, Section 13 or Section 24 hereof or responsible for the manner,
method or amount of any such adjustment or the ascertaining of the existence of
facts that would require any such adjustment (except with respect to the
exercise of Rights evidenced by Rights Certificates after the Rights Agent's
actual notice of any such adjustment); nor shall it by any act hereunder be
deemed to make any representation or warranty as to the authorization or
reservation of any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock to be issued
pursuant to this Agreement or any Rights Certificate or as to whether any shares
of Common Stock or Preferred Stock will, when so issued, be validly authorized
and issued, fully paid and nonassessable, nor shall the Rights Agent be
responsible for the legality of the terms hereof in its capacity as an
administrative agent.

          (f) The Company agrees that it will perform, execute, acknowledge and
deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and delivered all such
further and

                                       28
<Page>

other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required by the
Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by the Rights Agent of the
provisions of this Agreement.

          (g) The Rights Agent is hereby authorized and directed to accept
instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder from the
Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Secretary, any
Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer of the Company,
and to apply to such officers for advice or instructions in connection with its
duties, and such instruction shall be full authorization and protection to the
Rights Agent and the Rights Agent shall incur no liability for or in respect of
any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in accordance with
instructions of any such officer or for any delay in acting while waiting for
these instructions. Any application by the Rights Agent for written instructions
from the Company may, at the option of the Rights Agent, set forth in writing
any action proposed to be taken or omitted by the Rights Agent under this
Agreement and the date on and/or after which such action shall be taken or such
omission shall be effective. The Rights Agent shall not be liable for any action
taken by, or omission of, the Rights Agent in accordance with a proposal
included in such application on or after the date specified in such application
(which date shall not be less than three (3) Business Days after the date any
officer of the Company actually receives such application, unless such officer
shall have consented in writing to any earlier date) unless prior to taking any
such action (or the effective date in the case of an omission), the Rights Agent
shall have received written instructions in response to such application
specifying the action to be taken or omitted or unless the Rights Agent shall
have acted with gross negligence or willful misconduct.

          (h) The Rights Agent and any stockholder, director, Affiliate, officer
or employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the Rights or
other securities of the Company or become pecuniarily interested in any
transaction in which the Company may be interested, or contract with or lend
money to the Company or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not
Rights Agent under this Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude the Rights
Agent from acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other Person.

          (i) The Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights or
powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself or by or
through its attorneys or agents, and the Rights Agent shall not be answerable or
accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any such attorneys or
agents or for any loss to the Company resulting from any such act, default,
neglect or misconduct, absent gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct
(each as determined by a final, non-appealable order, judgment, decree or ruling
of a court of competent jurisdiction) in the selection and continued employment
thereof.

          (j) No provision of this Agreement shall require the Rights Agent to
expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the
performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of its rights if
it reasonably believes that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnification
against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

          (k) If, with respect to any Rights Certificate surrendered to the
Rights Agent for exercise or transfer, the certificate attached to the form of
assignment or form of election to purchase, as the case may be, has either not
been completed or indicates an affirmative response

                                       29
<Page>

to clause 1 and/or 2 thereof, the Rights Agent shall not take any further action
with respect to such requested exercise of transfer without first consulting
with the Company.

          (l) In addition to the foregoing, the Rights Agent shall be protected
and shall incur no liability for, or in respect of, any action taken or omitted
by it in connection with its administration of this Agreement if such acts or
omissions are in reliance upon (i) the proper execution of the certification
concerning beneficial ownership appended to the form of assignment and the form
of election to purchase attached hereto unless the Rights Agent shall have
actual knowledge that, as executed, such certification is untrue or (ii) the
non-execution of such certification including, without limitation, any refusal
to honor any otherwise permissible assignment or election by reason of such
non-execution.

          (m) The Company agrees to give the Rights Agent prompt written notice
of any event or ownership which would prohibit the exercise or transfer or the
Rights Certificates.

          Section 21. CHANGE OF RIGHTS AGENT. The Rights Agent or any successor
Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this Agreement
upon thirty (30) days' notice in writing mailed to the Company, and to each
transfer agent of the Common Stock and Preferred Stock, by registered or
certified mail. Any successor to the Rights Agent that so resigns will send
notice to the registered holders of the Rights Certificates by first-class mail
if such resignation occurs after the Distribution Date. The Company may remove
the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent upon thirty (30) days' notice in
writing, mailed to the Rights Agent or successor Rights Agent, as the case may
be, and to each transfer agent of the Common Stock and Preferred Stock, by
registered or certified mail. Any successor to the Rights Agent so removed will
send notice to the holders of Rights Certificates by registered or certified
mail if such removal occurs after the Distribution Date. If the Rights Agent
shall resign or be removed or shall otherwise become incapable of acting, the
Company shall appoint a successor to the Rights Agent. If the Company shall fail
to make such appointment within a period of sixty (60) days after giving notice
of such removal or after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or
incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated Rights Agent or by the holder of a
Rights Certificate (who shall, with such notice, submit his Rights Certificate
for inspection by the Company, at the expense of the Company), then the Rights
Agent or any registered holder of any Rights Certificate may apply to any court
of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a new Rights Agent. Any
successor Rights Agent, whether appointed by the Company or by such a court,
shall be a Person organized and doing business under the laws of the United
States or of the State of New York or of any other state of the United States,
in good standing, having an office in the State of New York, which is authorized
under such laws to exercise corporate trust or stock transfer or shareholder
services powers and which has at the time of its appointment as Rights Agent a
combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 or (b) an affiliate of a
Person described in clause (a) of this sentence. After appointment, the
successor Rights Agent shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and
responsibilities as if it had been originally named as Rights Agent without
further act or deed; but the predecessor Rights Agent shall deliver and transfer
to the successor Rights Agent any property at the time held by it hereunder, and
execute and deliver any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed necessary for
the purpose. Not later than the effective date of any such appointment, the
Company shall file notice thereof in writing with the predecessor Rights Agent
and each transfer agent of the Common Stock and the Preferred Stock, and, if
such appointment occurs after the Distribution

                                       30
<Page>

Date, mail a notice thereof in writing to the registered holders of the Rights
Certificates. Failure to give any notice provided for in this Section 21,
however, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of the
resignation or removal of the Rights Agent or the appointment of the successor
Rights Agent, as the case may be.

          Section 22. ISSUANCE OF NEW RIGHTS CERTIFICATES. Notwithstanding any
of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Rights to the contrary, the
Company may, at its option, issue new Rights Certificates evidencing Rights in
such forms as may be approved by its Board to reflect any adjustment or change
in the Purchase Price and the number or kind or class of shares or other
securities or property purchaseable under the Rights Certificates made in
accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. In addition, in connection
with the issuance or sale of Common Stock following the Distribution Date and
prior to the earlier of the Redemption Date and the Close of Business on the
Final Expiration Date, the Company may, with respect to shares of Common Stock
so issued or sold (i) pursuant to the exercise of stock options, (ii) under any
employee plan or arrangement, (iii) upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of
securities, notes or debentures issued by the Company or (iv) a contractual
obligation of the Company, in each case existing prior to the Distribution Date,
issue Rights Certificates representing the appropriate number of Rights in
connection with such issuance or sale.

          Section 23. REDEMPTION AND TERMINATION.

          (a) The Board may, at its option, at any time prior to the earlier of
(i) such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring Person or (ii) the Final
Expiration Date, redeem all but not less than all of the then outstanding Rights
at a redemption price of $.01 per Right, as such amount may be appropriately
adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction
occurring after the date hereof (such redemption price being hereinafter
referred to as the "Redemption Price"). The Company may, at its option, pay the
Redemption Price in cash, shares of Common Stock (based on the Current Market
Price, as defined in Section 11(d)(i) hereof, of the Common Stock at the time of
redemption) or any other form of consideration deemed appropriate by the Board.

          (b) Immediately upon the time of the effectiveness of the redemption
of the Rights pursuant to paragraph (a) of this Section 23 or such earlier time
as may be determined by the Board ordering the redemption of the Rights,
although not earlier than the time of such action (such time the "Redemption
Date"), evidence of which shall have been filed with the Rights Agent and
without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise the
Rights will terminate and the only right thereafter of the holders of Rights
shall be to receive the Redemption Price for each Right so held. Promptly after
the action of the Board ordering the redemption of the Rights, the Company shall
give notice of such redemption to the Rights Agent and the holders of the then
outstanding Rights by mailing such notice to all such holders at each holder's
last address as it appears upon the registry books of the Rights Agent or, prior
to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of the transfer agent for the
Common Stock; provided, however, that the failure to give or any defect in any
such notice shall not affect the validity of such redemption. Any notice which
is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not
the holder receives the notice. Each such notice of redemption will state the
method by which the payment of the Redemption Price will be made.

                                       31
<Page>

          Section 24. EXCHANGE.

          (a) The Board may, at its option, at any time after any Person becomes
an Acquiring Person, exchange all or part of the then outstanding and
exercisable Rights (which shall not include Rights that have become null and
void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7(e) hereof) for Common Stock at an
exchange ratio of one share of Common Stock per Right, appropriately adjusted to
reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after
the date hereof (such exchange ratio being hereinafter referred to as the
"Exchange Ratio"). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board shall not be
empowered to effect such exchange at any time after any Person (other than the
Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, any employee benefit plan of the Company
or any such Subsidiary, or any entity holding Common Stock for or pursuant to
the terms of any such plan), together with all Associates or Affiliates of such
Person, becomes the Beneficial Owner of a majority of the Common Stock then
outstanding.

          (b) Immediately upon the action of the Board ordering the exchange of
any Rights pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section 24 and without any further
action and without any notice, the right to exercise such Rights shall terminate
and the only right thereafter of the holders of such Rights shall be to receive
that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of such Rights held by
such holder multiplied by the Exchange Ratio. The Company shall promptly give
public notice (with prompt notice thereof to the Rights Agent) of any such
exchange; provided, however, that the failure to give, or any defect in, such
notice shall not affect the validity of such exchange. The Company promptly
shall mail a notice of any such exchange to the Rights Agent and all of the
holders of such Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon the registry
books of the Rights Agent. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein
provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice.
Each such notice of exchange will state the method by which the exchange of the
Common Stock for Rights will be effected and, in the event of any partial
exchange, the number of Rights which will be exchanged. Any partial exchange
shall be effected pro rata based on the number of Rights (other than Rights
which have become void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7(e) hereof) held
by each holder of Rights.

          (c) In any exchange pursuant to this Section 24, the Company, at its
option, may substitute Preferred Stock (or Equivalent Preferred Stock, as such
term is defined in paragraph (b) of Section 11 hereof) for Common Stock
exchangeable for Rights, at the initial rate of one one-hundredth of a share of
Preferred Stock (or Equivalent Preferred Stock) for each share of Common Stock,
as appropriately adjusted to reflect stock splits, stock dividends and other
similar transactions after the date hereof.

          (d) In the event that there shall not be sufficient shares of Common
Stock issued but not outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit any
exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with this Section 24, the
Company shall take all such action as may be necessary to authorize additional
shares of Common Stock for issuance upon exchange of the Rights.

          (e) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares of
Common Stock or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of
Common Stock. In lieu of such fractional shares of Common Stock, there shall be
paid to the registered holders of

                                       32
<Page>

the Rights Certificates with regard to which such fractional shares of Common
Stock would otherwise be issuable, an amount in cash equal to the same fraction
of the current market value of a whole share of Common Stock. For the purposes
of this subsection (e), the current market value of a whole share of Common
Stock shall be the closing price of a share of Common Stock (as determined
pursuant to the second sentence of Section 11(d)(i) hereof) for the Trading Day
immediately prior to the date of exchange pursuant to this Section 24.

          Section 25. NOTICE OF CERTAIN EVENTS.

          (a) In case the Company shall propose, at any time after the
Distribution Date, (i) to pay any dividend payable in stock of any class to the
holders of Preferred Stock or to make any other distribution to the holders of
Preferred Stock (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend out of earnings or
retained earnings of the Company), (ii) to offer to the holders of Preferred
Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or to purchase any additional shares
of Preferred Stock or shares of stock of any class or any other securities,
rights or options, (iii) to effect any reclassification of its Preferred Stock
(other than a reclassification involving only the subdivision of outstanding
shares of Preferred Stock), (iv) to effect any consolidation or merger into or
with any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction
which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), or to effect any sale or other
transfer (or to permit one or more of its Subsidiaries to effect any sale or
other transfer), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, of more
than 50% of the assets, cash flow or earning power of the Company and its
Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other Person or Persons (other than the
Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries in one or more transactions each of which
complies with Section 11(o) hereof) or (v) to effect the liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of the Company, then, in each such case, the Company
shall give to the Rights Agent and to each holder of a Rights Certificate in
accordance with Section 26 hereof, a notice of such proposed action, which shall
specify the record date for the purposes of such stock dividend, distribution of
rights or warrants, or the date on which such reclassification, consolidation,
merger, sale, transfer, liquidation, dissolution or winding up is to take place
and the date of participation therein by the holders of the shares of Preferred
Stock, if any such date is to be fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the
case of any action covered by clause (i) or (ii) above at least twenty (20) days
prior to the record date for determining holders of the shares of Preferred
Stock for purposes of such action, and in the case of any such other action, at
least twenty (20) days prior to the date of the taking of such proposed action
or the date of participation therein by the holders of the shares of Preferred
Stock whichever shall be the earlier.

          (b) In case any of the events set forth in Section 11(a)(ii) hereof
shall occur, then, in any such case, (i) the Company shall as soon as
practicable thereafter give to each holder of a Rights Certificate and to the
Rights Agent, to the extent feasible and in accordance with Section 26 hereof, a
notice of the occurrence of such event, which shall specify the event and the
consequences of the event to holders of Rights under Section 11(a)(ii) hereof
and (ii) all references in the preceding paragraph to Preferred Stock shall be
deemed thereafter to refer to Common Stock and/or, if appropriate, other
securities.

          Section 26. NOTICES. Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement
to be given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Rights
Certificate to or on the Company shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by
first-class mail, postage prepaid,

                                       33
<Page>

addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company with the
Rights Agent) or by facsimile or other generally accepted means of electronic
transmission as follows:

          Weight Watchers International, Inc.
          175 Crossways Park West
          Woodbury, New York 11797
          Attention: General Counsel
          Telecopy No.: (516) 390-1795

          with a copy to:

          Simpson Thacher & Bartlett
          425 Lexington Avenue
          New York, New York 10017
          Attn: Rise Norman
          Telecopy No.: (212) 455-2502

Subject to the provisions of Section 21, any notice or demand authorized by this
Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder of any Rights
Certificate to or on the Rights Agent shall be sufficiently given or made if
sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is
filed in writing by the Rights Agent with the Company) or by facsimile
transmission as follows:

          EquiServe Trust Company, N.A.
          150 Royall Street
          Canton, Massachusetts 02021
          Attention: Brian Smith
          Telecopy No.: (781) 575-2149

          Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by
the Company or the Rights Agent to the holder of any Rights Certificate (or, if
prior to the Distribution Date, to the holder of certificates representing
shares of Common Stock) shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by
first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such holder at the address of
such holder as shown on the registry books of the Company.

          Section 27. SUPPLEMENTS AND AMENDMENTS. Except as provided in the
other provisions of this Section 27, for so long as the Rights are then
redeemable, the Company may in its sole and absolute discretion, and the Rights
Agent shall if the Company so directs, supplement or amend any provision of this
Agreement in any respect without the approval of any holders of the Rights. At
any time when the Rights are no longer redeemable, except as provided in the
other provisions of this Section 27, the Company may, and the Rights Agent
shall, if the Company so directs, supplement or amend this Agreement without the
approval of any holders of Rights; provided that no such supplement or amendment
may (a) adversely affect the interests of the holders of the Rights as such
(other than an Acquiring Person and its Affiliates and Associates), (b) cause
the Rights again to be redeemable or (c) cause the Agreement again to become
amendable other than in accordance with this sentence. Notwithstanding anything
contained in this Agreement to the contrary, (i) no supplement or amendment
shall be made

                                       34
<Page>

which changes the Redemption Price and (ii) no supplement or amendment that
changes the rights of any Exempted Entity contained in Sections 1(a), 1(e) and
1(s) of this Agreement and related provisions thereto (other than the addition
of other Persons as Exempted Entities) will be effective against such Exempted
Entity without its prior written consent, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld. Upon the delivery of a certificate from an appropriate
officer of the Company which states that the supplement or amendment is in
compliance with the terms of this Section 27, and provided that such supplement
or amendment does not change or affect the rights, duties, liabilities or
obligations of the Rights Agent, the Rights Agent shall execute such supplement
or amendment, provided that any supplement or amendment that does not change or
affect the rights, duties, liabilities or obligations of the Rights Agent shall
become effective immediately upon execution by the Company, whether or not also
executed by the Rights Agent.

          Section 28. SUCCESSORS. All the covenants and provisions of this
Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Rights Agent shall bind
and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.

          Section 29. DETERMINATIONS AND ACTIONS BY THE BOARD, ETC. For all
purposes of this Agreement, any calculation of the number of shares of Common
Stock outstanding at any particular time, including for purposes of determining
the particular percentage of such outstanding shares of Common Stock of which
any Person is the Beneficial Owner, shall be made in accordance with the last
sentence of Rule 13d-3(d)(1)(i) of the General Rules and Regulations under the
Exchange Act. The Board shall have the exclusive power and authority to
administer this Agreement and to exercise all rights and powers specifically
granted to the Board or to the Company, or as may be necessary or advisable in
the administration of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the right
and power to (i) interpret the provisions of this Agreement and (ii) make all
determinations deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of this
Agreement (including a determination to redeem or not redeem the Rights or to
amend the Agreement). All such actions, calculations, interpretations and
determinations (including, for purposes of clause (y) below, all omissions with
respect to the foregoing) which are done or made by the Board in good faith,
shall (x) be final, conclusive and binding on the Company, the Rights Agent, the
holders of the Rights and all other parties and (y) not subject the Board, or
any of the directors on the Board to any liability to the holders of the Rights.
The Rights Agent shall always be entitled to assume that the Company's Board
acted in good faith and shall be fully protected and incur no liability in
reliance thereon.

          Section 30. BENEFITS OF THIS AGREEMENT. Nothing in this Agreement
shall be construed to give to any Person other than the Company, the Rights
Agent and the registered holders of the Rights Certificates (and, prior to the
Distribution Date, registered holders of the Common Stock) any legal or
equitable right, remedy or claim under this Agreement; but this Agreement shall
be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Rights Agent and the
registered holders of the Rights Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution
Date, registered holders of the Common Stock).

          Section 31. SEVERABILITY. If any term, provision, covenant or
restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or
other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the
terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in
full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or

                                       35
<Page>

invalidated; provided, however, that notwithstanding anything in this Agreement
to the contrary, if any such term, provision, covenant or restriction is held by
such court or authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable and the Board
determines in its good faith judgment that severing the invalid language from
this Agreement would adversely affect the purpose or effect of this Agreement,
the right of redemption set forth in Section 23 hereof shall be reinstated (with
prompt notice to the Rights Agent) and shall not expire until the Close of
Business on the tenth Business Day following the date of such determination by
the Board. Without limiting the foregoing, if any provision requiring a specific
group of Directors of the Company to act is held to by any court of competent
jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, such
determination shall then be made by the Board in accordance with applicable law
and the Company's Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws.

          Section 32. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement, each Right and each Rights
Certificate issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract made under the
laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia and for all purposes shall be governed by,
and construed in accordance with, the law of such Commonwealth; provided,
however, that all provisions regarding the rights, duties and obligations of the
Rights Agent shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of
the State of New York.

          Section 33. COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in any number
of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed
to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one
and the same instrument.

          Section 34. DESCRIPTIVE HEADINGS. Descriptive headings of the several
sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not
control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.

                                       36
<Page>

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to
be duly executed, all as of the day and year first above written.

                                      WEIGHT WATCHERS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

                                      By   /s/ Robert W. Hollweg
                                        ----------------------------------------
                                      Name:  Robert W. Hollweg
                                      Title: Vice President, General Counsel and
                                             Secretary

                                      EQUISERVE TRUST COMPANY, N.A.

                                      By   /s/ Brian F. Smith
                                        ----------------------------------------
                                      Name:  Brian F. Smith
                                      Title: Account Manager

                                       37
<Page>

                                                                       EXHIBIT A

                              ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
                                     TO THE
               ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION, AS AMENDED AND RESTATED,
                                       OF
                       WEIGHT WATCHERS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
                    TO CREATE A NEW SERIES OF PREFERRED STOCK
                                  DESIGNATED AS
                  SERIES B JUNIOR PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK

       PURSUANT TO SECTION 13.1-639 OF THE VIRGINIA STOCK CORPORATION ACT

                                       I.

          The name of the corporation is Weight Watchers International, Inc.
(the "Corporation").

                                       II.

          Pursuant to Section 13.1-639 of the Virginia Stock Corporation Act and
the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Articles of
Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended and restated (the "Articles of
Incorporation"), the Articles of Incorporation are hereby amended to create a
new series of shares of Preferred Stock, designated as "Series B Junior
Participating Preferred Stock," by adding the following additional Part E after
the last paragraph of Article III:

E. SERIES B JUNIOR PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK. There is hereby established a
series of the Corporation's authorized Preferred Stock, to be designated and to
have the relative rights, preferences and limitations, insofar as not already
fixed by any other provision of the Articles of Incorporation, as follows:

     1.   DESIGNATION AND AMOUNT. The shares of such series shall be designated
as "Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock" and the number of shares
constituting such series shall be 10,000,000.

     2.   DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS.

                                        1
<Page>

          (a) Subject to the prior and superior rights of the holders of any
shares of any series of Preferred Stock ranking prior and superior to the shares
of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock with respect to dividends, the
holders of shares of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall be
entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors out of
funds legally available for the purpose, quarterly dividends payable in cash on
the fifteenth day of January, April, July and October in each year (each such
date being referred to herein as a "Quarterly Dividend Payment Date"),
commencing on the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date after the first issuance
of a share or fraction of a share of Series B Junior Participating Preferred
Stock, in an amount per share (rounded to the nearest cent) equal to the greater
of (a) $0.01 per share or (b) subject to the provision for adjustment
hereinafter set forth, 100 times the aggregate per share amount of all cash
dividends plus 100 times the aggregate per share amount (payable in kind) of all
non-cash dividends or other distributions other than a dividend payable in
shares of Common Stock or a subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common
Stock (by reclassification or otherwise), declared on the Common Stock since the
immediately preceding Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, or, with respect to the
first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, since the first issuance of any share or
fraction of a share of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock. In the
event the Corporation shall at any time after November 19, 2001 (the "Rights
Declaration Date"), (i) declare any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares
of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding Common Stock or (iii) combine
the outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each such
case the amount to which holders of shares of Series B Junior Participating
Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event under clause (b)
of the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a
fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the
number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such
event.

          (b) The Corporation shall declare a dividend or distribution on the
Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock immediately after it declares a
dividend or distribution on the Common Stock (other than a dividend payable in
shares of Common Stock); provided that, in the event no dividend or distribution
shall have been declared on the Common Stock during the period between any
Quarterly Dividend Payment Date and the next subsequent Quarterly Dividend
Payment Date, a dividend of $0.01 per share on the Series B Junior Participating
Preferred Stock shall nevertheless be payable on such subsequent Quarterly
Dividend Payment Date.

          (c) Dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative on outstanding
shares of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock from the Quarterly
Dividend Payment Date next preceding the date of issue of such shares of Series
B Junior Participating Preferred Stock, unless the date of issue of such shares
is prior to the record date for the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in
which case dividends on such shares shall begin to accrue from the date of issue
of such shares, or unless the date of issue is a Quarterly Dividend Payment Date
or is a date after the record date for the determination of holders of shares of
Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock entitled to receive a quarterly
dividend and before such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in either of which
events, such dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative from such
Quarterly Dividend Payment Date. Accrued but unpaid dividends shall not bear
interest. Dividends paid on the shares of Series B Junior Participating
Preferred Stock in an amount less than the total amount of such dividends at the
time accrued and payable on such

                                        2
<Page>

shares shall be allocated pro rata on a share-by-share basis among all such
shares at the time outstanding. The Board of Directors may fix a record date for
the determination of holders of shares of Series B Junior Participating
Preferred Stock entitled to receive payment of a dividend or distribution
declared thereon, which record date shall be no more than 30 days prior to the
date fixed for the payment thereof.

     3.   VOTING RIGHTS. The holders of shares of Series B Junior Participating
Preferred Stock shall have the following voting rights:

          (a) Subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth,
each share of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall entitle the
holder thereof to 100 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of the
shareholders of the Corporation. In the event the Corporation shall at any time
after the Rights Declaration Date (x) declare any dividend on Common Stock
payable in shares of Common Stock, (y) subdivide the outstanding Common Stock or
(z) combine the outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then
in each such case the number of votes per share to which holders of shares of
Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to
such event shall be adjusted by multiplying such number by a fraction the
numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding
immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of
shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

          (b) Except as otherwise provided herein or by law, the holders of
shares of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock and the holders of
shares of Common Stock shall vote together as one class on all matters submitted
to a vote of shareholders of the Corporation.

               (i) If at any time dividends on any Series B Junior Participating
          Preferred Stock shall be in arrears in an amount equal to six
          quarterly dividends thereon, the occurrence of such contingency shall
          mark the beginning of a period (herein called a "Default Period") that
          shall extend until such time when all accrued and unpaid dividends for
          all previous quarterly dividend periods and for the current quarterly
          dividend period on all shares of Series B Junior Participating
          Preferred Stock then outstanding shall have been declared and paid or
          set apart for payment. During each Default Period, all holders of
          Preferred Stock (including holders of the Series B Junior
          Participating Preferred Stock) with dividends in arrears in an amount
          equal to six quarterly dividends thereon, voting as a class,
          irrespective of series, shall have the right to elect two directors.

               (ii) During any Default Period, such voting right of the holders
          of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock may be exercised
          initially at a special meeting called pursuant to Section 3(b)(iii) of
          this Part E or at any annual meeting of shareholders, and thereafter
          at annual meetings of shareholders, provided that neither such voting
          right nor the right of the holders of any other series of Preferred
          Stock, if any, to increase, in certain cases, the authorized number of
          directors shall be exercised unless the holders of ten percent in
          number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding shall be present in
          person or by proxy. The absence of a quorum of the holders of Common
          Stock shall not affect the exercise by the holders of Preferred Stock
          of such voting right. At any meeting at

                                        3
<Page>

          which the holders of Preferred Stock shall exercise such voting right
          initially during an existing Default Period, they shall have the
          right, voting as a class, to elect directors to fill such vacancies,
          if any, in the Board of Directors as may then exist up to two
          directors or, if such right is exercised at an annual meeting, to
          elect two directors. If the number that may be so elected at any
          special meeting does not amount to the required number, the holders of
          the Preferred Stock shall have the right to make such increase in the
          number of directors as shall be necessary to permit the election by
          them of the required number. After the holders of the Preferred Stock
          shall have exercised their right to elect directors in any Default
          Period and during the continuance of such period, the number of
          directors shall not be increased or decreased except by vote of the
          holders of Preferred Stock as herein provided or pursuant to the
          rights of any equity securities ranking senior to or PARI PASSU with
          the Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock.

               (iii) Unless the holders of Preferred Stock shall, during an
          existing Default Period, have previously exercised their right to
          elect directors, the Board of Directors may order, or any shareholder
          or shareholders owning in the aggregate not less than ten percent of
          the total number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding,
          irrespective of series, may request, the calling of a special meeting
          of the holders of Preferred Stock, which meeting shall thereupon be
          called by the President, a Vice President or the Secretary of the
          Corporation. Notice of such meeting and of any annual meeting at which
          holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to vote pursuant to this
          Section 3(b)(iii) shall be given to each holder of record of Preferred
          Stock by mailing a copy of such notice to him at his last address as
          the same appears on the books of the Corporation. Such meeting shall
          be called for a time not earlier than 20 days and not later than 60
          days after such order or request or in default of the calling of such
          meeting within 60 days after such order or request. Such meeting may
          be called on similar notice by any shareholder or shareholders owning
          in the aggregate not less than ten percent of the total number of
          shares of Preferred Stock outstanding. Notwithstanding the provisions
          of this Section 3(b)(iii), no such special meeting shall be called
          during the period within 60 days immediately preceding the date fixed
          for the next annual meeting of the shareholders.

               (iv) In any Default Period, the holders of Common Stock, and
          other classes of stock of the Corporation if applicable, shall
          continue to be entitled to elect the whole number of directors until
          the holders of Preferred Stock shall have exercised their right to
          elect two directors voting as a class, after the exercise of which
          right (X) the directors so elected by the holders of Preferred Stock
          shall continue in office until their successors shall have been
          elected by such holders or until the expiration of the Default Period,
          and (Y) any vacancy in the Board of Directors may (except as provided
          in Section 3(b)(iii) of this Part E above) be filled by vote of a
          majority of the remaining directors theretofore elected by the holders
          of the class of stock that elected the director whose office shall
          have become vacant. References in Section 3 of this Part E to
          directors elected by the holders of a particular class of stock shall
          include directors elected by such directors to fill vacancies as
          provided in clause (Y) of the foregoing sentence.

                                        4
<Page>

               (v) Immediately upon the expiration of a Default Period, (X) the
          right of the holders of Preferred Stock as a class to elect directors
          shall cease, (Y) the term of any directors elected by the holders of
          Preferred Stock as a class shall terminate and (Z) the number of
          directors shall be such number as may be provided for in the Articles
          of Incorporation or the Bylaws, as amended and restated, irrespective
          of any increase made pursuant to the provisions of Section 3(b)(i) of
          this Part E (such number being subject, however, to change thereafter
          in any manner provided by law or in the Articles of Incorporation or
          the Bylaws, as amended and restated). Any vacancies in the Board of
          Directors effected by the provisions of clauses (Y) and (Z) in the
          preceding sentence may be filled by a majority of the remaining
          directors.

          (c) Except as set forth herein, holders of Series B Junior
Participating Preferred Stock shall have no special voting rights, and their
consent shall not be required (except to the extent they are entitled to vote
with holders of Common Stock as set forth herein) for taking any corporate
action.

     4.   CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS.

          (a) Whenever quarterly dividends or other dividends or distributions
payable on the Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock as provided in
Section 2 of this Part E above are in arrears, thereafter and until all accrued
and unpaid dividends and distributions, whether or not declared, on shares of
Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock outstanding shall have been paid
in full, the Corporation shall not:

               (i) declare or pay dividends on, make any other distributions on,
          or redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any
          shares of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon
          liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series B Junior
          Participating Preferred Stock;

               (ii) declare or pay dividends on or make any other distributions
          on any shares of stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or
          upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series B Junior
          Participating Preferred Stock, except dividends paid ratably on the
          Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock and all such parity
          stock on which dividends are payable or in arrears in proportion to
          the total amounts to which the holders of all such shares are then
          entitled;

               (iii) redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration
          shares of any stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or
          upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series B Junior
          Participating Preferred Stock, provided that the Corporation may at
          any time redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire shares of any such
          parity stock in exchange for shares of any stock of the Corporation
          ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon dissolution,
          liquidation or winding up) to the Series B Junior Participating
          Preferred Stock; or

                                        5
<Page>

               (iv) purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares
          of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock, or any shares of
          stock ranking on a parity with the Series B Participating Preferred
          Stock, except in accordance with a purchase offer made in writing or
          by publication (as determined by the Board of Directors) to all
          holders of such shares upon such terms as the Board of Directors,
          after consideration of the respective annual dividend rates and other
          relative rights and preferences of the respective series and classes,
          shall determine in good faith will result in fair and equitable
          treatment among the respective series or classes.

          (b) The Corporation shall not permit any subsidiary of the Corporation
to purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of stock of the
Corporation unless the Corporation could, under Section 4(a) of this Part E,
purchase or otherwise acquire such shares at such time and in such manner.

     5.   REACQUIRED SHARES. Any shares of Series B Junior Participating
Preferred Stock purchased or otherwise acquired by the Corporation in any manner
whatsoever shall be retired and cancelled promptly after the acquisition
thereof. All such shares shall upon their cancellation become authorized but
unissued shares of Preferred Stock to be created by resolution or resolutions of
the Board of Directors, subject to the conditions and restrictions on issuance
set forth herein.

     6.   LIQUIDATION, DISSOLUTION OR WINDING UP.

          (a) Upon any liquidation (voluntary or otherwise), dissolution or
winding up of the Corporation, no distribution shall be made to the holders of
shares of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation,
dissolution or winding up) to the Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock
unless, prior thereto, the holders of shares of Series B Junior Participating
Preferred Stock shall have received $1.00 per share, plus an amount equal to
accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions thereon, whether or not declared,
to the date of such payment (the "Series B Liquidation Preference"). Following
the payment of the full amount of the Series B Liquidation Preference, no
additional distributions shall be made to the holders of shares of Series B
Junior Participating Preferred Stock unless, prior thereto, the holders of
shares of Common Stock shall have received an amount per share (the "Common
Adjustment") equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the Series B
Liquidation Preference by (ii) 100 (as appropriately adjusted as set forth in
Section 6(c) of this Part E below to reflect such events as stock splits, stock
dividends and recapitalizations with respect to the Common Stock) (such number
in clause (ii), the "Adjustment Number"). Following the payment of the full
amount of the Series B Liquidation Preference and the Common Adjustment in
respect of all outstanding shares of Series B Junior Participating Preferred
Stock and Common Stock, respectively, holders of Series B Junior Participating
Preferred Stock and holders of shares of Common Stock shall receive their
ratable and proportionate share of the remaining assets to be distributed in the
ratio of the Adjustment Number to one with respect to such Preferred Stock and
Common Stock, on a per share basis, respectively.

          (b) In the event, however, that there are not sufficient assets
available to permit payment in full of the Series B Liquidation Preference and
the liquidation preferences of all other series of Preferred Stock, if any, that
rank on a parity with the Series B Junior

                                        6
<Page>

Participating Preferred Stock, then such remaining assets shall be distributed
ratably to the holders of such parity shares in proportion to their respective
liquidation preferences. In the event, however, that there are not sufficient
assets available to permit payment in full of the Common Adjustment, then such
remaining assets shall be distributed ratably to the holders of Common Stock.

          (c) In the event the Corporation shall at any time after the Rights
Declaration Date (i) declare any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of
Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding Common Stock or (iii) combine the
outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each such case
the Adjustment Number in effect immediately prior to such event shall be
adjusted by multiplying such Adjustment Number by a fraction, the numerator of
which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such
event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that
were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

     7.   CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, ETC. In case the Corporation shall enter into
any consolidation, merger, statutory share exchange or other transaction in
which the shares of Common Stock are exchanged for or changed into other stock
or securities, cash and/or any other property, then in any such case the shares
of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall at the same time be
similarly exchanged or changed in an amount per share (subject to the provision
for adjustment hereinafter set forth) equal to 100 times the aggregate amount of
stock, securities, cash and/or any other property (payable in kind), as the case
may be, into which or for which each share of Common Stock is changed or
exchanged. In the event the Corporation shall at any time after the Rights
Declaration Date (i) declare any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of
Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) combine the
outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each such case
the amount set forth in the preceding sentence with respect to the exchange or
change of shares of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall be
adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction the numerator of which is the
number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and
the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were
outstanding immediately prior to such event.

     8.   NO REDEMPTION. The shares of Series B Junior Participating Preferred
Stock shall not be redeemable.

     9.   RANKING. The Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall rank
junior to all other series of the Corporation's Preferred Stock as to the
payment of dividends and the distribution of assets, unless the terms of any
such other series shall provide otherwise.

     10.  AMENDMENT. At any time when any shares of Series B Junior
Participating Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Articles of Incorporation, as
amended and restated, and as amended hereby, shall not be amended in any manner
that would materially alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights
of the Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock so as to affect them
adversely without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority or more of
the then outstanding shares of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock,
voting separately as a class.

                                        7
<Page>

     11.  FRACTIONAL SHARES. Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock may
be issued in fractions of a share which shall entitle the holder, in proportion
to such holder's fractional shares, to exercise voting rights, receive
dividends, participate in distributions and to have the benefit of all other
rights of holders of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock.

                                      III.

          The foregoing amendment was duly adopted by the Corporation's Board of
Directors on November 14, 2001. No shareholder action was required.

                                      WEIGHT WATCHERS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Dated:  November 14, 2001                    By:
                                                  ------------------------------
                                                  [Name]

                                                  [Title]

                                        8
<Page>

                                                                       EXHIBIT B

                            FORM OF RIGHT CERTIFICATE

Certificate No. R- ____                                               ___ Rights

     NOT EXERCISABLE AFTER NOVEMBER 19, 2011 OR EARLIER IF REDEMPTION OR
     EXCHANGE OCCURS. THE RIGHTS ARE SUBJECT TO REDEMPTION AT $.01 PER RIGHT AND
     TO EXCHANGE ON THE TERMS SET FORTH IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT. UNDER CERTAIN
     CIRCUMSTANCES, AS SET FORTH IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT, RIGHTS OWNED BY OR
     TRANSFERRED TO ANY PERSON WHO IS OR BECOMES AN ACQUIRING PERSON (AS DEFINED
     IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT) AND CERTAIN TRANSFEREES THEREOF WILL BECOME NULL
     AND VOID AND WILL NO LONGER BE TRANSFERABLE.

                                Right Certificate

                       WEIGHT WATCHERS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

          This certifies that ___________, or its registered assigns, is the
registered owner of the number of Rights set forth above, each of which entitles
the owner thereof, subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Rights
Agreement, dated as of November 15, 2001 as the same may be amended from time to
time (the "RIGHTS AGREEMENT"), between Weight Watchers International, Inc., a
Virginia corporation (the "COMPANY"), and EquiServe Trust Company (the "RIGHTS
AGENT"), to purchase from the Company at any time after the Distribution Date
(as such term is defined in the Rights Agreement) and prior to 5:00 P.M., New
York City time, on November 19, 2011 at the office or agency of the Rights Agent
designated for such purpose, or of its successor as Rights Agent, one
one-hundredth of a fully paid non-assessable share of Series B Junior
Participating Preferred Stock, no par value (the "PREFERRED STOCK"), of the
Company, at a purchase price of $_____ per one one-hundredth of a share of
Preferred Stock (the "PURCHASE PRICE"), upon presentation and surrender of this
Right Certificate with the Form of Election to Purchase duly executed. The
number of Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate (and the number of one
one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock which may be purchased upon
exercise hereof) set forth above, and the Purchase Price set forth above, are
the number and Purchase Price as of _________ __, _____, based on the Preferred
Stock as constituted at such date. As provided in the Rights Agreement, the
Purchase Price, the number of one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock
(or other securities or property) which may be

                                        1
<Page>

purchased upon the exercise of the Rights and the number of Rights evidenced by
this Right Certificate are subject to modification and adjustment upon the
happening of certain events.

          This Right Certificate is subject to all of the terms, provisions and
conditions of the Rights Agreement, which terms, provisions and conditions are
hereby incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof and to such
Rights Agreement reference is hereby made for a full description of the rights,
limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities hereunder of the
Rights Agent, the Company and the holders of the Right Certificates. Copies of
the Rights Agreement are on file at the principal executive offices of the
Company. The Company will mail to the holder of this Right Certificate a copy of
the Rights Agreement without charge after receipt of a written request therefor.

          This Right Certificate, with or without other Right Certificates, upon
surrender at the office or agency of the Rights Agent designated for such
purpose, may be exchanged for another Right Certificate or Right Certificates of
like tenor and date evidencing Rights entitling the holder to purchase a like
aggregate number of shares of Preferred Stock as the Rights evidenced by the
Right Certificate or Right Certificates surrendered shall have entitled such
holder to purchase. If this Right Certificate shall be exercised in part, the
holder shall be entitled to receive upon surrender hereof another Right
Certificate or Right Certificates for the number of whole Rights not exercised.

          Subject to the provisions of the Rights Agreement, the Rights
evidenced by this Certificate (i) may be redeemed by the Company at a redemption
price of $.01 per Right or (ii) may be exchanged in whole or in part for shares
of Preferred Stock or shares of the Company's Common Stock, no par value.

          No fractional shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock will be issued
upon the exercise or exchange of any Right or Rights evidenced hereby (other
than fractions of Preferred Stock which are integral multiples of one
one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock, which may, at the election of the
Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts), but in lieu thereof a cash
payment will be made, as provided in the Rights Agreement.

          No holder of this Right Certificate, as such, shall be entitled to
vote or receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the
Preferred Stock or of any other securities of the Company which may at any time
be issuable on the exercise or exchange hereof, nor shall anything contained in
the Rights Agreement or herein be construed to confer upon the holder hereof, as
such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for
the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any
meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, or to
receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as
provided in the Rights Agreement) or to receive dividends or subscription
rights, or otherwise, until the Right or Rights evidenced by this Right
certificate shall have been exercised or exchanged as provided in the Rights
Agreement.

          This Right Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for any
purpose until it shall have been countersigned by the Rights Agent.

                                        2
<Page>

          WITNESS the facsimile signature of the proper officers of the Company
and its corporate seal. Dated as of_________________,______.

ATTEST:                                      WEIGHT WATCHERS
                                             INTERNATIONAL, INC.

By:                                          By:
   --------------------------                   --------------------------------

Countersigned:

---------------------------,
as Rights Agent

By:
   -----------------------------
   Authorized Signatory

                                        3
<Page>

                   [Form of Reverse Side of Right Certificate]

                               FORM OF ASSIGNMENT

                (TO BE EXECUTED BY THE REGISTERED HOLDER IF SUCH
                HOLDER DESIRES TO TRANSFER THE RIGHT CERTIFICATE)

          FOR VALUE RECEIVED _________________________ hereby sells, assigns and
transfer unto ___________________________

          ------------------------------------------------------------
                  (PLEASE PRINT NAME AND ADDRESS OF TRANSFEREE)

          ------------------------------------------------------------

Rights represented by this Right Certificate, together with all right, title and
interest therein, and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint
___________________ Attorney, to transfer said Rights on the books of the
within-named Company, with full power of substitution.

Dated:
       --------------, ----

                                             -----------------------------------
                                                         Signature

Signature Guaranteed:

          Signatures must be guaranteed by a bank, trust company, broker, dealer
or other eligible institution participating in a recognized signature guarantee
medallion program.

          The undersigned hereby certifies that the Rights evidenced by this
Right Certificate are not beneficially owned by, were not acquired by the
undersigned from, and are not being sold, assigned or transferred to, an
Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate thereof (as defined in the Rights
Agreement).

                                             -----------------------------------
                                                         Signature

                                        4
<Page>

             [Form of Reverse Side of Right Certificate-- CONTINUED]

                          FORM OF ELECTION TO PURCHASE

                  (TO BE EXECUTED IF HOLDER DESIRES TO EXERCISE
                  RIGHTS REPRESENTED BY THE RIGHTS CERTIFICATE)

To the Rights Agent:

          The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise _______________
Rights represented by this Right Certificate to purchase the shares of Preferred
Stock (or other securities or property) issuable upon the exercise of such
Rights and requests that certificates for such shares of Preferred Stock (or
such other securities) be issued in the name of:

--------------------------------------------------------------
               (PLEASE PRINT NAME AND ADDRESS)

--------------------------------------------------------------

If such number of Rights shall not be all the Rights evidenced by this Right
Certificate, a new Right Certificate for the balance remaining of such Rights
shall be registered in the name of and delivered to:

Please insert social security
or other identifying number:
                               -------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------
               (PLEASE PRINT NAME AND ADDRESS)

--------------------------------------------------------------

Dated:
       ----------------, ---
                                             -----------------------------------
                                                         Signature
                                              (SIGNATURE MUST CONFORM TO HOLDER
                                               SPECIFIED ON RIGHT CERTIFICATE)

Signature Guaranteed:

          Signatures must be guaranteed by a bank, trust company, broker, dealer
or other eligible institution participating in a recognized signature guarantee
medallion program.

          The undersigned hereby certifies that the Rights evidenced by this
Right Certificate are not beneficially owned by, were not acquired by the
undersigned from, and are not being sold, assigned or transferred to, an
Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate thereof (as defined in the Rights
Agreement).

                                             -----------------------------------

                                        5
<Page>

                                                         Signature

             [Form of Reverse Side of Right Certificate -- CONTINUED]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                     NOTICE

          The signature in the Form of Assignment or Form of Election to
Purchase, as the case may be, must conform to the name as written upon the face
of this Right Certificate in every particular, without alteration or enlargement
or any change whatsoever.

          In the event the certification set forth above in the Form of
Assignment or the Form of Election to Purchase, as the case may be, is not
completed, such Assignment or Election to Purchase will not be honored.

                       -----------------------------------

                                        6
<Page>
                                                                       EXHIBIT C

                       WEIGHT WATCHERS INTERNATIONAL, Inc.

                    SUMMARY OF TERMS OF PROPOSED RIGHTS PLAN

Form of Security:                   Right (a "Right") to purchase one
                                    one-hundredth (1/100) of a share of the
                                    Series B Junior Participating Preferred
                                    Stock ("Series B Preferred Stock") of Weight
                                    Watchers International, Inc. (the
                                    "Company"). One one-hundredth of a share of
                                    Series B Preferred Stock is intended to be
                                    the economic equivalent of one share of the
                                    Company's Common Stock.

Means of Distribution:              The Rights will be distributed to holders of
                                    the Company's outstanding common shares as a
                                    dividend of one Right for each share of
                                    Common Stock. Until the Distribution Date
                                    (as defined below), the Rights will also be
                                    attached to all future issuances of Common
                                    Stock. After the Distribution Date, separate
                                    Rights certificates ("Rights Certificates")
                                    will be issued to all holders of the Rights
                                    and will trade separately from the Common
                                    Stock.

Exercisability:                     Rights become exercisable on the date (the
                                    "Distribution Date") that is the earlier of:
                                    (i) the 10th day following the public
                                    announcement that a person or group (an
                                    "Acquiring Person") has acquired beneficial
                                    ownership of a number of shares of Common
                                    Stock equal to 10% or more of the Company's
                                    outstanding Common Stock or (ii) the 10th
                                    business day following the commencement or
                                    announcement of an intention to make a
                                    tender offer or exchange offer by any person
                                    which would result in such person owning
                                    such number of shares of Common Stock;
                                    PROVIDED, that Artal Luxembourg S.A. and its
                                    transferees of at least 10% of the Company's
                                    then outstanding Common Stock are exempted
                                    from this provision.

                                        1
<Page>

Inadvertent Purchases:              If a person triggers the Rights but the
                                    Company's Board of Directors determines that
                                    Acquiring Person status came about
                                    inadvertently and the person does not
                                    acquire additional shares, the person is
                                    deemed not to have become an Acquiring
                                    Person.

Exercise Price:                     $102, subject to adjustment as set forth in
                                    the rights Agreement (the "Exercise Price")

Term:                               The Rights will expire November 19, 2011,
                                    unless earlier redeemed or exchanged by the
                                    Company as described below.

Redemptionof Rights:                Rights are redeemable at a price of $.01 per
                                    Right, by the vote of the Company's Board of
                                    Directors, at any time prior to the time a
                                    person becomes an Acquiring Person.

Flip-In Rights:                     In the event that any person becomes an
                                    Acquiring Person, each holder of a Right
                                    (other than Rights held by the Acquiring
                                    Person, which will thereupon become void)
                                    will thereafter have the right to receive
                                    upon exercise of the Right at the then
                                    current Exercise Price that number of shares
                                    of Common Stock having a market value on the
                                    date the flip-in right becomes exercisable
                                    of two times the exercise price of the
                                    Right.

Rights in Event of Business         After a person becomes an Acquiring Person,
Combination or Asset Sale (Flip-    the Company is acquired in a merger,
Over Rights):                       statutory share exchange or other business
                                    combination or at least 50% of its assets or
                                    earning power is sold, proper provision must
                                    be made in the business combination
                                    transaction so that each holder of a Right
                                    will thereafter have the right to receive,
                                    upon exercise of the Right at the then
                                    current Exercise Price, that number of
                                    shares of common stock of the acquiring or
                                    surviving entity having a market value of
                                    two times the exercise price of the Right.

                                        2
<Page>

Exchange Rights:                    At any time after a person becomes an
                                    Acquiring Person and prior to the
                                    acquisition by such person of at least 50%
                                    of the number of outstanding shares of
                                    Common Stock, the Board may exchange the
                                    Rights (other than the Rights held by the
                                    Acquiring Person, which will become void) at
                                    an exchange ratio of one share of Common
                                    Stock, or a fractional share of Series B
                                    Preferred Stock (or of a share of a class or
                                    series of the Company's preferred stock
                                    having similar rights, preferences and
                                    privileges) of equivalent value, per Right.

Voting Power of Rights:             The Rights themselves do not entitle the
                                    holder thereof to any voting rights.

Amendment:                          For so long as the Rights are redeemable,
                                    the Company may, except with respect to the
                                    redemption price, amend the Rights in any
                                    manner. After the Rights are no longer
                                    redeemable, the Company may, except with
                                    respect to the redemption price, amend the
                                    Rights in any manner that does not adversely
                                    affect the interests of holders of the
                                    Rights.

Preferred Stock Dividends:          Quarterly dividends on the Series B
                                    Preferred Stock will be payable in an amount
                                    per share equal to the greater of (i) $0.01
                                    or (ii) 100 times the aggregate per share
                                    amount of all cash dividends and 100 times
                                    the aggregate per share amount of all
                                    non-cash dividends declared on the Common
                                    Stock.

Voting Rights of Preferred Stock:   Holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will
                                    vote with the holders of the Common Stock as
                                    a single class and are entitled to 100 votes
                                    per share. The Company may not effect any
                                    amendment to the terms of the Series B
                                    Preferred Stock which would adversely affect
                                    the rights, powers and preferences thereof
                                    without the prior approval of the holders of
                                    two-thirds of the then-outstanding Series B
                                    Preferred Stock.

Redemption of Preferred Stock:      The Series B Preferred Stock is not
                                    redeemable.

Sinking Fund:                       No sinking fund will be established with
                                    respect to the Series B Preferred Stock.

                                        3
<Page>

Liquidation Rights:                 In the event of liquidation, the holders of
                                    Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to
                                    a minimum liquidation payment of $1.00 but
                                    will be entitled to an aggregate liquidation
                                    payment of 100 times the payment made per
                                    share of Common Stock, if greater.

Ranking:                            The Series B Preferred Stock will be junior
                                    to all other preferred stock of the Company
                                    as to dividends and upon liquidation, but
                                    will rank senior to the Common Stock as to
                                    dividends and upon liquidation.

                                        4EXHIBIT 10.89.1

 

FIRST AMENDMENT TO

CREDIT AGREEMENT

 

This First
Amendment to Credit Agreement (“Amendment”) is made to be effective as of
November 8, 1999, by and between Southwall Technologies Inc., a Delaware
corporation (the “Company”) and The Sanwa Bank, Limited (the “Bank”), with
reference to the following facts:

 

RECITALS

 

A.            Company and Bank have previously
entered into that certain Credit Agreement (“Credit Agreement”) dated as of May
6, 1997, pursuant to which Bank agreed to make a loan to Company in the
principal amount of Ten Million Dollars ($10,000,000) (the “Loan”).  Except as otherwise defined herein,
capitalized terms used in this Amendment shall have the meanings given to those
terms in the Credit Agreement.

 

B.            Company’s obligation to repay the
Loan is evidenced by that certain Promissory Note in the original principal
amount of the Loan, dated as of May 6, 1997, executed by Company (the “Note”).

 

C.            Company and Bank wish to amend the
Credit Agreement to provide for a change in the Applicable Spread from 0.4375%
to 1.0%, all in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Amendment.

 

OPERATIVE
PROVISIONS

 

In consideration
of the above recitals and of the covenants and conditions contained herein,
Company and Bank hereby agree as follows:

 

1.             Amendment to Definition of Applicable Spread.  Effective as of November 8,
1999, the definition of Applicable Spread set forth in Section 1.01 of the
Credit Agreement is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows:

 

“Applicable
Spread” means 1.0%.

 

2.             Representations
and Warranties.  Company
hereby represents and warrants to Bank that;

 

(i)            as of the date of this Amendment, the outstanding
principal balance of the Loan is Ten Million Dollars ($10,000,000);

 

(ii)           all of the representations and warranties of Company
contained in the Credit Agreement and the Note are true and correct as of the
date of this Amendment as if made on such date;

 

(iii)          no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is
continuing; and

 

(iv)          the execution, delivery and performance by Company of all
its obligations under this Amendment has been duly authorized by all necessary
action.  This 

 

 

-1-

 

Amendment constitutes the
legal, valid and binding obligations of Company enforceable against Company in
accordance with its terms.

 

3.             Conflict
between this Amendment and the Loan Documents.  If there is a conflict between any of the provisions of this
Amendment and any of the provisions of the Loan Documents, the provisions of this
Amendment shall control.

 

4.             No
Other Amendments or Changes.  Except as expressly amended or modified by this Amendment, all of
the terms and conditions of the Loan Documents shall remain unchanged and in
full force and effect.

 

5.             Governing Law.  This Amendment shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with California law.

 

IN WITNESS
WHEREOF, Company and Bank have caused this Amendment to be executed as of the
date first written above.

 

	
   

  	
  COMPANY:

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
  SOUTHWALL
  TECHNOLOGIES, INC.,

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
  a Delaware corporation.

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
  By:

  	
   

  	 

	
   

  	
  Name:

  	
   

  	 

	
   

  	
  Title:

  	
   

  	 

	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
  BANK:

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
  THE SANWA
  BANK, LIMITED

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
  By:

  	
   

  	 

	
   

  	
  Name:

  	
   

  	 

	
   

  	
  Title:

  	
   

  	 

	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
					

 

 

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