Document:

Exhibit 4.6
 DESCRIPTION OF XOMA CORPORATION CAPITAL STOCK
The following is a description of the Common Stock, $0.0075 par value (the “Common Stock”) and Preferred Stock, $0.05 par value (the “Preferred Stock”) of XOMA Corporation (the “Company”). The Common Stock and the 8.625% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) are the only securities of the Company registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
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Common Stock
General. The Company is authorized to issue up to 277,333,332 shares of Common Stock. The following description is based on (i) the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as currently in effect (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), (ii) the Company’s By-laws, as currently in effect (the “By-laws”), and (iii) the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). The following summary description of the Common Stock of the Company is qualified in its entirety by reference to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws, copies of which have been filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report filed herewith, and the applicable provisions of the DGCL.
Dividend Rights. The holders of our Common Stock have the right to receive dividends and distributions, whether payable in cash or otherwise, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors, from legally available funds. 
Voting Rights. Each holder of our Common Stock is generally entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock owned of record on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. Except as otherwise required by law, holders of Common Stock (as well as holders of any Preferred Stock entitled to vote with the common stockholders) will generally vote together as a single class on all matters presented to the stockholders for their vote or approval, including the election of directors. Any matter brought before the stockholders for a vote, other than the election of directors, will generally be decided by a majority of the votes cast on the matter, unless the matter is one in which an express provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation, the By-laws, the rules or regulations of any stock exchange applicable to us, applicable law or pursuant to any regulation applicable to us or our securities requires a different vote, in which case the express provision will govern and control the decision of the matter. Directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast and entitled to vote generally on the election of directors. There are no cumulative voting rights with respect to the election of directors or any other matters.
No Preemptive or Similar Rights. Holders of our Common Stock have no redemption rights, conversion rights or preemptive rights to purchase or subscribe for our securities.
Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, holders of our Common Stock will be entitled to share equally in the assets available for distribution after payment of all creditors and the liquidation preferences of our Preferred Stock (if any).
The rights of the holders of our Common Stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of shares of any Preferred Stock that we may designate and issue in the future.
Preferred Stock 
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General. Under our Certificate of Incorporation, our board of directors is authorized to issue up to 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, and, by resolution, to divide the Preferred Stock into series and, with respect to each series, to determine the designations and the powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, including the dividend rights, conversion or exchange rights, voting rights, redemption rights and terms, liquidation preferences, sinking fund provisions and the number of shares constituting the series. Our board of directors can, without stockholder approval but subject to the terms of the Certificate of Incorporation and to any resolution of the stockholders approved by at least 75% of all issued shares entitled to vote in respect thereof, issue 

Preferred Stock with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our Common Stock and which could have certain anti-takeover effects. Before we may issue any series of Preferred Stock, our board of directors will be required to adopt resolutions creating and designating such series of Preferred Stock. 
The following summary description of the Preferred Stock of the Company is qualified in its entirety by reference to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, By-laws and the certificates of designation of preferences, rights and limitations of each series of the Preferred Stock, copies of which have been filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the applicable provisions of the DGCL. As of December 31, 2020, 5,003 shares of Series X Preferred Stock and 984,000 shares of 8.625% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) were issued and outstanding.
The 8.625% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock. We have designated 984,000 shares of our Preferred Stock as Series A Preferred Stock. 
The Series A Preferred Stock will rank, as to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up:

		●	senior to all classes or series of our common stock and to all other equity securities issued by us expressly designated as ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock;

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		●	senior with respect to the payment of dividends and on parity with respect to the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up with our Series X Preferred Stock and on parity with any future class or series of our equity securities expressly designated as ranking on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock;

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		●	junior to all equity securities issued by us with terms specifically providing that those equity securities rank senior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, none of which exists on the date hereof; and;

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		●	effectively junior to all our existing and future indebtedness (including indebtedness convertible into our common stock or preferred stock) and to the indebtedness and other liabilities of (as well as any preferred equity interests held by others in) our existing or future subsidiaries.

Dividends.  We will pay cumulative cash dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock, when and as declared by our board of directors, at the rate of 8.625% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share per year (equivalent to $2.15625 per year). Dividends will be payable quarterly in arrears, on or about the 15th day of January, April, July and October, beginning on or about April 15, 2021; provided that if any dividend payment date is not a business day, then the dividend which would otherwise have been payable on that dividend payment date may be paid on the next succeeding business day, and no interest, additional dividends or other sums will accumulate. Dividends will accumulate and be cumulative from, and including, the date of original issuance, which is expected to be December 15, 2020. The first dividend, which is scheduled to be paid on or about April 15, 2021 in the amount of $0.71875 per share of Series A Preferred Stock, will be for more than a full quarter and will cover the period from, and including, the first date we issue and sell the Series A Preferred Stock through, but not including, April 15, 2021. Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock will continue to accumulate whether or not (i) any of our agreements prohibit the current payment of dividends, (ii) we have earnings or funds legally available to pay the dividends, or (iii) our board of directors does not declare the payment of the dividends.
Liquidation Preference. The liquidation preference of each share of Series A Preferred Stock is $25.00. Upon liquidation, holders of our Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive the liquidation preference with respect to their shares of Series A Preferred Stock plus an amount equal to accumulated but unpaid dividends with respect to such shares. 
Optional Redemption. On and after December 15, 2021, the first anniversary of December 15, 2020, to but excluding the second anniversary, the shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be redeemable at our option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $26.00 per Preferred Share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. On and 

after December 15, 2022, the second anniversary of December 15, 2020, to but excluding the third anniversary, the shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be redeemable at our option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $25.75 per Preferred Share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. On and after December 15, 2023, the third anniversary of December 15, 2020, to but excluding the fourth anniversary, the shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be redeemable at our option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $25.50 per Preferred Share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. On and after December 15, 2024, the fourth anniversary of December 15, 2020, to but excluding the fifth anniversary, the shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be redeemable at our option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $25.25 per Preferred Share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. On and after December 15, 2025, the fifth anniversary of December 15, 2020, the shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be redeemable at our option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per Preferred Share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. We may not redeem the shares of Series A Preferred Stock before the first anniversary of December 15, 2020, except as described below.
Special Optional Redemption Upon a Change of Control or Delisting Event. Upon the occurrence of a Delisting Event (as defined below), we may, at our option, redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, within 90 days after the first date on which such Delisting Event occurred, for cash, at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends up to, but not including, the date of redemption.
A “Delisting Event” occurs when, after the original issuance of Series A Preferred Stock, both (i) the shares of Series A Preferred Stock are no longer listed on Nasdaq, the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) or the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE AMER”), or listed or quoted on an exchange or quotation system that is a successor to Nasdaq, the NYSE or the NYSE AMER, and (ii) we are not subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, but any Series A Preferred Stock is still outstanding.
Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined below), we may, at our option, redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole or in part within 120 days after the first date on which such Change of Control occurred, for cash, at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends up to, but not including, the date of redemption.
A “Change of Control” occurs when, after the original issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock, the following have occurred and are continuing:

		●	the acquisition by any person, including any syndicate or group deemed to be a “person” under Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act, of beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, through a purchase, merger or other acquisition transaction or series of purchases, mergers or other acquisition transactions of shares of our company entitling that person to exercise more than 50% of the total voting power of all shares of our company entitled to vote generally in elections of directors (except that such person will be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all securities that such person has the right to acquire, whether such right is currently exercisable or is exercisable only upon the occurrence of a subsequent condition); and

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		●	following the closing of any transaction referred to in the bullet point above, neither we nor any acquiring or surviving entity (or if, in connection with such transaction shares of our common stock are converted into or exchanged for (in whole or in part) common equity securities of another entity), has a class of common securities (or ADRs representing such securities) listed on Nasdaq, the NYSE or the NYSE AMER, or listed or quoted on an exchange or quotation system that is a successor to Nasdaq, the NYSE or the NYSE AMER.

We refer to redemption following a Delisting Event or Change of Control as a “special optional redemption.” If, prior to the Delisting Event Conversion Date (as defined below) or the Change of Control Conversion Date (as defined below), as applicable, we have provided or provide notice of exercise of any of our redemption rights relating to the Series A Preferred Stock (whether our optional redemption right or our special optional redemption right), the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will not have the conversion right described below.

Conversion. Upon the occurrence of a Delisting Event or a Change of Control, as applicable, each holder of Series A Preferred Stock will have the right (unless, prior to the Delisting Event Conversion Date or Change of Control Conversion Date, as applicable, we have provided or provide notice of our election to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock) to convert some or all of the Series A Preferred Stock held by such holder on the Delisting Event Conversion Date or Change of Control Conversion Date, as applicable, into a number of shares of our common stock (or equivalent value of alternative consideration) per share of Series A Preferred Stock equal to the lesser of:

		●	the quotient obtained by dividing (1) the sum of the $25.00 per share liquidation preference plus the amount of any accumulated and unpaid dividends up to, but not including, the Delisting Event Conversion Date or Change of Control Conversion Date, as applicable (unless the Delisting Event Conversion Date or Change of Control Conversion Date, as applicable is after a record date for a Series A Preferred Stock dividend payment and prior to the corresponding Series A Preferred Stock dividend payment date, in which case no additional amount for such accumulated and unpaid dividend will be included in this sum) by (2) the Common Stock Price (as defined below); and

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		●	1.46071 (i.e., the Share Cap), subject to certain adjustments; and subject, in each case, to certain conditions, including, under specified circumstances, an aggregate cap on the total number of shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion and to provisions for the receipt of alternative consideration.

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If, prior to the Delisting Event Conversion Date or Change of Control Conversion Date, as applicable, we have provided or provide a redemption notice, whether pursuant to our special optional redemption right or our optional redemption right, holders of Series A Preferred Stock will not have any right to convert the Series A Preferred Stock, and any Series A Preferred Stock subsequently selected for redemption that has been tendered for conversion will be redeemed on the related date of redemption instead of converted on the Delisting Event Conversion Date or Change of Control Conversion Date, as applicable.
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In the event that the conversion would result in the issuance of fractional shares of common stock, we will pay the holder of Series A Preferred Stock cash in lieu of such fractional shares.
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Except as provided above in connection with a Delisting Event or Change of Control, shares of the Series A Preferred Stock are not convertible into or exchangeable for any other securities or property.
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For purposes of this description, “Change of Control Conversion Date” means a business day fixed by our board of directors that is not fewer than 20 days nor more than 35 days after the date on which we provide notice to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock of a Change of Control.
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For purposes of this description, “Common Stock Price” for any Change of Control will be: (1) if the consideration to be received in the Change of Control by the holders of our common stock is solely cash, the amount of cash consideration per share of common stock; and (2) if the consideration to be received in the Change of Control by holders of our common stock is other than solely cash (x) the average of the closing prices for our common stock on the principal U.S. securities exchange on which our common stock is then traded (or, if no closing sale price is reported, the average of the closing bid and ask prices per share or, if more than one in either case, the average of the average closing bid and the average closing ask prices per share) for the ten consecutive trading days immediately preceding, but not including, the date on which such Change of Control occurred as reported on the principal U.S. securities exchange on which our common stock is then traded, or (y) the average of the last quoted bid prices for our common stock in the over-the-counter market as reported by OTC Markets Group Inc. or similar organization for the ten consecutive trading days immediately preceding, but not including, the date on which such Change of Control occurred, if our common stock is not then listed for trading on a U.S. securities exchange. The “Common Stock Price” for any Delisting Event will be the average of the closing price per share of our common stock on the 10 consecutive trading days immediately preceding, but not including, the effective date of the Delisting Event.
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For purposes of this description, “Delisting Event Conversion Date” means a business day fixed by our board of directors that is not fewer than 20 days nor more than 35 days after the date on which we provide notice to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock of a Delisting Event.

Voting Rights. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock generally will have no voting rights. However, if we do not pay dividends on any outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock for six or more quarterly dividend periods (whether or not declared or consecutive), holders of Series A Preferred Stock (voting separately as a class with all other outstanding series of preferred stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable) will be entitled to elect two additional directors to our board of directors to serve until all unpaid dividends have been fully paid or declared and set apart for payment. In addition, certain material and adverse changes to the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock cannot be made without the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class. In any matter in which the Series A Preferred Stock may vote, each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to one vote.
Anti-takeover Effects of Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws and Delaware Law
Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws Provisions.  Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes our board of directors to issue up to 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock without stockholder approval and to set the rights, preferences and other designations, including voting rights, of those shares as the board of directors may determine. In addition, our By-laws require certain procedures to be followed and time periods to be met for any stockholder to propose matters to be considered at annual meetings of stockholders, including nominating directors for election at those meetings. Our By-laws also provide that our board of directors is able to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or due to the resignation or departure of an existing board member. Provisions of Delaware law and our Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws could make the acquisition of our company through a tender offer, a proxy contest or other means more difficult and could make the removal of incumbent officers and directors more difficult. We expect these provisions to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of our company to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits provided by our ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging these proposals. We believe the negotiation of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal could result in an improvement of its terms.
Delaware Law. We are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, an anti-takeover law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder, unless: 

		●	prior to the date of the transaction, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

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		●	upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding (a) shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and (b) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

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		●	on or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the board and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, beneficially owns, or is an affiliate of the corporation and within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting securities. We expect the existence of this provision to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions our board of directors does not approve in advance.
The Series X Preferred Stock. We have designated 5,003 shares of our Preferred Stock as Series X Preferred Stock. The Series X Preferred Stock ranks: 

		●	senior to any class or series of our capital stock created specifically ranking by its terms junior to the Series X Preferred Stock;

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		●	on parity to our Common Stock;

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		●	on parity to any class or series of our capital stock created specifically ranking by its terms on parity with the Series X Preferred Stock; and

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		●	junior to any class or series of our capital stock created specifically ranking by its terms senior to the Series X Preferred Stock; 

in each case, as to distributions of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up whether voluntarily or involuntarily. 
Dividends. Holders of Series X Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends on shares of Series X Preferred Stock equal (on an as-converted basis) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on our Common Stock or other junior securities. 
Liquidation Preference. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution, or winding up, holders of our Series X Preferred Stock will participate pari passu (on an as-converted basis, without regard to any blocker provisions) with any distribution of proceeds to holders of our Common Stock. 
Redemption. We are not obligated to redeem or repurchase any shares of Series X Preferred Stock. Shares of Series X Preferred Stock are not otherwise entitled to any redemption rights or mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions. 
Conversion. The Series X Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holders thereof at any time after issuance into the number of registered shares of Common Stock determined by dividing the aggregate stated value of the Series X Preferred Stock being converted by the conversion price then in effect. The initial conversion price is $4.03 and is subject to adjustment as described below. No holder may request a conversion of its Series X Preferred Stock to the extent such conversion would result in the holder and its affiliates beneficially owning more than a pre-set conversion blocker threshold, which will initially be set at 19.99% of our Common Stock then outstanding (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The amount of beneficial ownership of a holder and its affiliates will be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of that section.
Conversion Price Adjustment—Stock Dividends and Stock Splits. If we pay a stock dividend or otherwise make a distribution payable in Common Stock on our Common Stock or any Common Stock equivalents, subdivide or combine our outstanding Common Stock, or reclassify our Common Stock in such a way that we issue additional shares of our capital stock, the conversion price will be adjusted by multiplying the then-existing conversion price by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately before the distribution, dividend, adjustment or recapitalization and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such action. 
Fundamental Transaction. If we effect a “fundamental transaction” (as defined below), then upon any future conversion of the Series X Preferred Stock, the holders will have the right to receive, for each share of Common Stock they would have received upon such conversion, the same kind and amount of securities, cash or property as such holder would have been entitled to receive in the fundamental transaction had it been the holder of Common Stock immediately prior to the fundamental transaction. The term “fundamental transaction” means any of the following: 

		●	a merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another entity or any stock sale to, or other business combination in which the Company is not the surviving entity;

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		●	the sale of all or substantially all of our assets in one transaction or a series of related transactions; 

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		●	any completed tender offer or exchange offer involving holders of Common Stock in which more than 50% of the Common Stock is converted or exchanged into other securities, cash or property, regardless of who makes such offer; or

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		●	any reclassification of Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange by which our Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (but not a reverse stock split).

If the holders of Common Stock are given a choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a fundamental transaction, the holders of Series X Preferred Stock will be given the same choice on conversion of such holders’ shares. 
Voting Rights. The Series X Preferred Stock has no voting rights, except to the extent expressly provided in our Certificate of Incorporation or as otherwise required by law. However, so long as 2,502 shares of Series X Preferred Stock are outstanding, we may not take any of the following actions without the affirmative consent of holders of a majority of the outstanding Series X Preferred Stock: 

		●	amend our Certificate of Incorporation, By-laws or other charter documents so as to materially, specifically and adversely affect the preferences, rights, or privileges of the Series X Preferred Stock; 

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		●	issue additional shares of Series X Preferred Stock or increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of Series X Preferred Stock;

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		●	sell, assign, monetize, pledge or otherwise divest or encumber our rights under any material license agreement, joint venture or other partnership agreement to which we are a party as of the date of this offering and involving any drug or drug candidate;

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		●	issue or commit to issue any other equity securities, with certain exceptions;

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		●	issue any equity-based award or compensation to certain of our officers, unless the award has been unanimously approved by our compensation committee at a time when a designee appointed by the Series X Preferred holders is then serving on that committee; or

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		●	enter into any agreement or understanding to take any of the actions listed above.Exhibit 10.56
FORM OF
INDEMNITY AGREEMENT
This Indemnity Agreement (this “Agreement”) dated as of _______________, 20__, is made by and between XOMA Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and ______________________ (“Indemnitee”).
Recitals
A.The Company desires to attract and retain the services of highly qualified individuals as directors, officers, employees and agents. 
B.The Company’s bylaws (the “Bylaws”) require that the Company indemnify its officers, directors, and employees to the fullest extent possible, except as prohibited by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended (the “Code”), under which the Company is organized and such Bylaws expressly provide that the indemnification provided therein is not exclusive and contemplates that the Company may enter into separate agreements with its directors, officers and other persons to set forth specific indemnification provisions.
C.Indemnitee does not regard the protection currently provided by applicable law, the Company’s governing documents and available insurance as adequate under the present circumstances, and the Company has determined that Indemnitee and other directors, officers, employees and agents of the Company may not be willing to serve or continue to serve in such capacities without additional protection.
D.The Company desires and has requested Indemnitee to serve or continue to serve as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, as the case may be, and has proffered this Agreement to Indemnitee as an additional inducement to serve in such capacity.
E.Indemnitee is willing to serve, or to continue to serve, as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, as the case may be, if Indemnitee is furnished the indemnity provided for herein by the Company.
Agreement
Now Therefore, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set forth herein, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:
1.Definitions.
(a)Agent.  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “agent” of the Company means any person who:  (i) is or was a director, officer, employee or other fiduciary of the Company or a subsidiary of the Company; or (ii) is or was serving at the request or for the 

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convenience of, or representing the interests of, the Company or a subsidiary of the Company, as a director, officer, employee or other fiduciary of a foreign or domestic corporation, partnership,  joint venture, trust or other enterprise. 
(b)Expenses.  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “expenses” shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, all direct and indirect costs of any type or nature whatsoever (including, without limitation, all attorneys’, witness, or other professional fees and related disbursements, and other out-of-pocket costs of whatever nature), actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the investigation, defense or appeal of a proceeding or establishing or enforcing a right to indemnification under this Agreement, the Code or otherwise, and amounts paid in settlement by or on behalf of Indemnitee, but shall not include any judgments, fines or penalties actually levied against Indemnitee for such individual’s violations of law. The term “expenses” shall also include reasonable compensation for time spent by Indemnitee for which he is not compensated by the Company or any subsidiary or third party (i) for any period during which Indemnitee is not an agent, in the employment of, or providing services for compensation to, the Company or any subsidiary; and (ii) if the rate of compensation and estimated time involved is approved by the directors of the Company who are not parties to any action with respect to which expenses are incurred, for Indemnitee while an agent of, employed by, or providing services for compensation to, the Company or any subsidiary.
(c)Proceedings.  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “proceeding” shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing or any other actual, threatened or completed proceeding, whether brought in the right of the Company or otherwise and whether of a civil, criminal, administrative or investigative nature, and whether formal or informal in any case, in which Indemnitee was, is or will be involved as a party or otherwise by reason of:  (i) the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director or officer of the Company; (ii) the fact that any action taken by Indemnitee or of any action on Indemnitee’s part while acting as director, officer, employee or agent of the Company; or (iii) the fact that Indemnitee is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, and in any such case described above, whether or not serving in any such capacity at the time any liability or expense is incurred for which indemnification, reimbursement, or advancement of expenses may be provided under this Agreement.
(d)Subsidiary.  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “subsidiary” means any corporation or limited liability company of which more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities or equity interests are owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company and one or more of its subsidiaries, and any other corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of which Indemnitee is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary.
(e)Independent Counsel.  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “independent counsel” means a law firm, or a partner (or, if applicable, member) of such a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither presently is, nor in the past five (5) years has been, retained to represent: (i) the Company or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party, or (ii) any other party to the proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification 

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hereunder.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “independent counsel” shall not include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the Company or Indemnitee in an action to determine Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement.
2.Agreement to Serve.  Indemnitee will serve, or continue to serve, as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or any subsidiary, as the case may be, faithfully and to the best of his or her ability, at the will of such corporation (or under separate agreement, if such agreement exists), in the capacity Indemnitee currently serves as an agent of such corporation, so long as Indemnitee is duly appointed or elected and qualified in accordance with the applicable provisions of the bylaws or other applicable charter documents of such corporation, or until such time as Indemnitee tenders his or her resignation in writing or is removed or dismissed; provided, however, that nothing contained in this Agreement is intended as an employment agreement between Indemnitee and the Company or any of its subsidiaries or to create any right to continued employment of Indemnitee with the Company or any of its subsidiaries in any capacity.
The Company acknowledges that it has entered into this Agreement and assumes the obligations imposed on it hereby, in addition to and separate from its obligations to Indemnitee under the Bylaws, to induce Indemnitee to serve, or continue to serve, as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, and the Company acknowledges that Indemnitee is relying upon this Agreement in serving as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company.
3.Indemnification.
(a)Indemnification in Third Party Proceedings.  Subject to Section 10 below, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by the Code, as the same may be amended from time to time (but, only to the extent that such amendment permits Indemnitee to be granted broader indemnification rights than the Code permitted prior to adoption of such amendment), if Indemnitee is a party to or threatened to be made a party to or otherwise involved in any proceeding, for any and all expenses, actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the investigation, defense, settlement or appeal of such proceeding.
(b)Indemnification in Derivative Actions and Direct Actions by the Company.  Subject to Section 10 below, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by the Code, as the same may be amended from time to time (but, only to the extent that such amendment permits Indemnitee to be granted broader indemnification rights than the Code permitted prior to adoption of such amendment), if Indemnitee is a party to or threatened to be made a party to or otherwise involved in any proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor, against any and all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the investigation, defense, settlement, or appeal of such proceedings.
4.Indemnification of Expenses of Successful Party.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any proceeding or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, including the dismissal of any action without prejudice, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee 

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against all expenses actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the investigation, defense or appeal of such proceeding.
5.Partial Indemnification.  If Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Company for some or a portion of any expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in the investigation, defense, settlement or appeal of a proceeding, but is precluded by applicable law or the specific terms of this Agreement to indemnification for the total amount thereof, the Company shall nevertheless indemnify Indemnitee for the portion thereof to which Indemnitee is entitled.
6.Advancement of Expenses.  To the extent not prohibited by law, the Company shall advance  the expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any proceeding, and such advancement shall be made within twenty (20) days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements requesting such advances (which shall include invoices received by Indemnitee in connection with such expenses but, in the case of invoices in connection with legal services, any references to legal work performed or to expenditures made that would cause Indemnitee to waive any privilege accorded by applicable law shall not be included with the invoice) and upon request of the Company, an undertaking to repay the advancement of expenses if and to the extent that it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final judgment, not subject to appeal, that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company.  Advances shall be unsecured, interest free and without regard to Indemnitee’s ability to repay the expenses. Advances shall include any and all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee pursuing an action to enforce Indemnitee’s right to indemnification under this Agreement, or otherwise and this right of advancement, including expenses incurred preparing and forwarding statements to the Company to support the advances claimed.  Indemnitee acknowledges that the execution and delivery of this Agreement shall constitute an undertaking providing that Indemnitee shall, to the fullest extent required by law, repay the advance if and to the extent that it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final judgment, not subject to appeal, that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company.  The right to advances under this Section shall continue until final disposition of any proceeding, including any appeal thereof.  This Section 6 shall not apply to any claim made by Indemnitee for which indemnity is excluded pursuant to Section 10(b).
7.Notice and Other Indemnification Procedures.
(a)Notification of Proceeding.  Indemnitee will notify the Company in writing promptly upon being served with any summons, citation, subpoena, complaint, indictment, information or other document relating to any proceeding or matter which may be subject to indemnification or advancement of expenses covered hereunder.  The failure of Indemnitee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of any obligation which it may have to Indemnitee under this Agreement or otherwise.
(b)Request for Indemnification and Indemnification Payments.  Indemnitee shall notify the Company promptly in writing upon receiving notice of any demand, judgment or other requirement for payment that Indemnitee reasonably believes to be subject to indemnification under the terms of this Agreement, and shall request payment thereof by the Company.  Indemnification payments requested by Indemnitee under Section 3 hereof shall be 

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made by the Company no later than sixty (60) days after receipt of the written request of Indemnitee.  Claims for advancement of expenses shall be made under the provisions of Section 6 herein.
(c)Application for Enforcement.  In the event the Company fails to make timely payments as set forth in Sections 6 or 7(b) above, Indemnitee shall have the right to apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the purpose of enforcing Indemnitee’s right to indemnification or advancement of expenses pursuant to this Agreement.  In such an enforcement hearing or proceeding, the burden of proof shall be on the Company to prove that indemnification or advancement of expenses to Indemnitee is not required under this Agreement or permitted by applicable law.  Any determination by the Company (including its Board of Directors, stockholders or independent counsel) that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification hereunder, shall not be a defense by the Company to the action nor create any presumption that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advancement of expenses hereunder.
(d)Indemnification of Certain Expenses.  The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all expenses incurred in connection with any hearing or proceeding under this Section 7 unless the Company prevails in such hearing or proceeding on the merits in all material respects.
8.Assumption of Defense.  In the event the Company shall be requested by Indemnitee to pay the expenses of any proceeding, the Company, if appropriate, shall be entitled to assume the defense of such proceeding, or to participate to the extent permissible in such proceeding, with counsel reasonably acceptable to Indemnitee.  Upon assumption of the defense by the Company and the retention of such counsel by the Company, the Company shall not be liable to Indemnitee under this Agreement for any fees of counsel subsequently incurred by Indemnitee with respect to the same proceeding, provided that Indemnitee shall have the right to employ separate counsel in such proceeding at Indemnitee’s sole cost and expense.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Indemnitee’s counsel delivers a written notice to the Company stating that such counsel has reasonably concluded that there may be a conflict of interest between the Company and Indemnitee in the conduct of any such defense or the Company shall not, in fact, have employed counsel or otherwise actively pursued the defense of such proceeding within a reasonable time, then in any such event the fees and expenses of Indemnitee’s counsel to defend such proceeding shall be subject to the indemnification and advancement of expenses provisions of this Agreement.
9.Insurance.  To the extent that the Company maintains an insurance policy or policies providing liability insurance for directors, officers, employees, or agents of the Company or of any subsidiary (“D&O Insurance”), Indemnitee shall be covered by such policy or policies in accordance with its or their terms to the maximum extent of the coverage available for any such director, officer, employee or agent under such policy or policies.  If, at the time of the receipt of a notice of a claim pursuant to the terms hereof, the Company has D&O Insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of the commencement of such proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies.  The Company shall thereafter take all necessary or desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policies.

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10.Exceptions.
(a)Certain Matters.  Any provision herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company shall not be obligated pursuant to the terms of this Agreement to indemnify Indemnitee on account of any proceeding with respect to (i) remuneration paid to Indemnitee if it is determined by final judgment or other final adjudication that such remuneration was in violation of law (and, in this respect, both the Company and Indemnitee have been advised that the Securities and Exchange Commission believes that indemnification for liabilities arising under the federal securities laws is against public policy and is, therefore, unenforceable and that claims for indemnification should be submitted to appropriate courts for adjudication, as indicated in Section 10(d) below); (ii) a final judgment rendered against Indemnitee for an accounting, disgorgement or repayment of profits made from the purchase or sale by Indemnitee of securities of the Company against Indemnitee or in connection with a settlement by or on behalf of Indemnitee to the extent it is acknowledged by Indemnitee and the Company that such amount paid in settlement resulted from Indemnitee's conduct from which Indemnitee received monetary personal profit, pursuant to the provisions of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or other provisions of any federal, state or local statute or rules and regulations thereunder; (iii) a final judgment or other final adjudication that Indemnitee’s conduct was in bad faith, knowingly fraudulent or deliberately dishonest or constituted willful misconduct (but only to the extent of such specific determination); or (iv) on account of conduct that is established by a final judgment as constituting a breach of Indemnitee’s duty of loyalty to the Company or resulting in any personal profit or advantage to which Indemnitee is not legally entitled.  For purposes of the foregoing sentence, a final judgment or other adjudication may be reached in either the underlying proceeding or action in connection with which indemnification is sought or a separate proceeding or action to establish rights and liabilities under this Agreement.  
(b)Claims Initiated by Indemnitee.  Any provision herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company shall not be obligated to indemnify or advance expenses to Indemnitee with respect to proceedings or claims initiated or brought by Indemnitee against the Company or its directors, officers, employees or other agents and not by way of defense, except (i) with respect to proceedings brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification under this Agreement or under any other agreement, provision in the Bylaws or Certificate of Incorporation or applicable law, or (ii) with respect to any other proceeding initiated by Indemnitee that is either approved by the Board of Directors or Indemnitee’s participation is required by applicable law.  However, indemnification or advancement of expenses may be provided by the Company in specific cases if the Board of Directors determines it to be appropriate.
(c)Unauthorized Settlements.  Any provision herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company shall not be obligated pursuant to the terms of this Agreement to indemnify Indemnitee under this Agreement for any amounts paid in settlement of a proceeding effected without the Company’s written consent.  Neither the Company nor Indemnitee shall unreasonably withhold consent to any proposed settlement; provided, however, that the Company may in any event decline to consent to (or to otherwise admit or agree to any liability for indemnification hereunder in respect of) any proposed settlement if the Company is also a party in such proceeding and determines in good faith that such settlement is not in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.

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(d)Securities Act Liabilities.  Any provision herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company shall not be obligated pursuant to the terms of this Agreement to indemnify Indemnitee or otherwise act in violation of any undertaking appearing in and required by the rules and regulations promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), or in any registration statement filed with the SEC under the Act.  Indemnitee acknowledges that paragraph (h) of Item 512 of Regulation S-K currently generally requires the Company to undertake in connection with any registration statement filed under the Act to submit the issue of the enforceability of Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement in connection with any liability under the Act on public policy grounds to a court of appropriate jurisdiction and to be governed by any final adjudication of such issue.  Indemnitee specifically agrees that any such undertaking shall supersede the provisions of this Agreement and to be bound by any such undertaking.
11.Indemnification of Venture Capital Funds.  If (i) Indemnitee is or was affiliated with one or more venture capital funds that has invested in the Company (each a “VC Fund”), (ii) a VC Fund is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or a participant in any proceeding, and (iii) the VC Fund’s involvement in the proceeding is directly related to Indemnitee’s service to the Company as a director of the Company, then the VC Fund shall be entitled to all of the indemnification rights and remedies under this Agreement to the same extent as Indemnitee.
12.Nonexclusivity and Survival of Rights.  The provisions for indemnification and advancement of expenses set forth in this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under any provision of applicable law, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws or other agreements, both as to action in Indemnitee’s official capacity and Indemnitee’s action as an agent of the Company, in any court in which a proceeding is brought, and Indemnitee’s rights hereunder shall continue after Indemnitee has ceased acting as an agent of the Company and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, administrators and assigns of Indemnitee.  The obligations and duties of the Company to Indemnitee under this Agreement shall be binding on the Company and its successors and assigns until terminated in accordance with its terms.  The Company shall require any successor (whether direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries (as applicable), expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.
No amendment, alteration or repeal of this Agreement or of any provision hereof shall limit or restrict any right of Indemnitee under this Agreement in respect of any action taken or omitted by such Indemnitee in his or her corporate status prior to such amendment, alteration or repeal.  To the extent that a change in the Code, whether by statute or judicial decision, permits greater indemnification or advancement of expenses than would be afforded currently under the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and this Agreement, it is the intent of the parties hereto that Indemnitee shall enjoy by this Agreement the greater benefits so afforded by such change.  No right or remedy herein conferred is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every other right and remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise.  The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, by Indemnitee shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other right or remedy by Indemnitee.  

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13.Term.  This Agreement shall continue until and terminate upon the later of: (a) five (5) years after the date that Indemnitee shall have ceased to serve as a director or and/or officer, employee or agent of the Company; or (b) one (1) year after the final termination of any proceeding, including any appeal then pending, in respect to which Indemnitee was granted rights of indemnification or advancement of expenses hereunder.  
No legal action shall be brought and no cause of action shall be asserted by or in the right of the Company against an Indemnitee or an Indemnitee's estate, spouse, heirs, executors or personal or legal representatives after the expiration of five (5) years from the date of accrual of such cause of action, and any claim or cause of action of the Company shall be extinguished and deemed released unless asserted by the timely filing of a legal action within such five-year period; provided, however, that if any shorter period of limitations is otherwise applicable to such cause of action, such shorter period shall govern.
14.Subrogation.  In the event of payment under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who, at the request and expense of the Company, shall execute all papers required and shall do everything that may be reasonably necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents necessary to enable the Company effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.
15.Interpretation of Agreement.  It is understood that the parties hereto intend this Agreement to be interpreted and enforced so as to provide indemnification to Indemnitee to the fullest extent now or hereafter permitted by law.
16.Severability.  If any provision of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever, (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of the Agreement (including without limitation, all portions of any paragraphs of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that are not themselves invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (b) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, all portions of any paragraph of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that are not themselves invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable and to give effect to Section 14 hereof.
17.Amendment and Waiver.  No supplement, modification, amendment, or cancellation of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by the parties hereto.  No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provision hereof (whether or not similar) nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.  
18.Notice.   Except as otherwise provided herein, all notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder which, by the provisions hereof, is required or which may be given to or served upon the parties hereto shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) when received by the addressee if sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier (receipt requested); (c) on the date sent by facsimile or e-mail of a PDF document (with confirmation of 

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transmission) if sent during normal business hours of the recipient, and on the next business day if sent after normal business hours of the recipient; or (d) on the third day after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail (in each case, return receipt requested, postage pre-paid). Such communications must be sent to the respective parties at the addresses set forth on the signature page of this Agreement (or such other address(es) as a party may designate for itself by like notice).  If to the Company, notices and demands shall be delivered to the attention of the Secretary of the Company.
19.Governing Law.  This Agreement shall be governed exclusively by and construed according to the laws of the State of California, as applied to contracts between California residents entered into and to be performed entirely within California.
20.Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original but all of which together shall constitute but one and the same Agreement.  Only one such counterpart need be produced to evidence the existence of this Agreement.
21.Headings.  The headings of the sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction hereof.
22.Entire Agreement.  This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings and negotiations, written and oral, between the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement; provided, however, that this Agreement is a supplement to and in furtherance of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, the Code and any other applicable law, and shall not be deemed a substitute therefor, and does not diminish or abrogate any rights of Indemnitee thereunder.  
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In Witness Whereof, the parties hereto have entered into this Agreement effective as of the date first above written.
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	COMPANY
By:​ ​
Name: ​ ​
Title: ​ ​

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	INDEMNITEE
​ ​​
Signature of Indemnitee
​ ​​
Print or Type Name of Indemnitee

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