Document:

EX-10.1

 Exhibit 10.1 

CERTAIN IDENTIFIED INFORMATION HAS BEEN EXCLUDED FROM THIS 

EXHIBIT BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE 

COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE REGISTRANT IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED. [***] 

PROMISSORY NOTE 
  

			
	US$20,000,000	  	June 3, 2019

 MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE CANADA INC., a legal person governed by the laws of British Columbia and having its
principal place of business at 100-360 rue Franquet, Québec (Québec), G1P 4N3, herein acting and represented by [***], its duly authorized representative for the purposes hereof as he so
declares; 
 (hereinafter the “Obligor”) 

GENEPOC INC., a legal person governed by the Canada Business Corporations Act and having its registered office at 100-360 rue Franquet, Québec (Québec), G1P 4N3, herein acting and represented by [***], its duly authorized representative for the purposes hereof as [***] so declares; 

(hereinafter the “Holder”) 

(the Obligor and the Holder are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Parties”) 

 

	1.	 Reference  

This Note (as defined below) is being issued in accordance with section 2.02 (b) (ii) of the Share Purchase Agreement amongst inter alios the
Obligor, the Holder and Meridian Bioscience, Inc. dated April 29, 2019 (the “Purchase Agreement”). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Note have the same meanings ascribed to them in
the Purchase Agreement. 
  

	2.	 Note Amount 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the Obligor, hereby promises to pay to or to the order of the Holder, on each Maturity Date (as defined below), the sum indicated in
Schedule A hereto which as of the date hereof amounts to twenty million dollars (US$20,000,000) in lawful money of the United States of America (such note amount appearing in Schedule A as amended from time to time by the Holder and the
Obligor being hereinafter referred to as the “Note Amount”), in immediately available funds, in accordance with the terms of this promissory note (as same may be amended, supplemented, restated or replaced from time to time,
the “Note”). The Parties hereby agree that Schedule A shall, as the case may be, updated by the Obligor and Holder from time to time to reflect the balance of the Note Amount to reflect any adjustment pursuant to the Purchase
Agreement and such update shall account for an amendment of this Note accordingly. 
  

  Page 
 2
 
  

	3.	 Interest  

The Note Amount shall not bear interest.  
  

	4.	 Payment 

Subject to the provisions set out in section 5 below, the Obligor hereby binds and obliges itself to pay the Note Amount in two equal installments of ten
million dollars US ($10,000,000) (each an “Installment”) each on the following dates: 
  

	 	a)	 On the date that is forty-five days (the “First Maturity Date”) following the achievement of
the First [***] Milestone which achievement shall be no later than October 30th, 2020; and 

  

	 	b)	 On the date that is forty-five days (the “Second Maturity Date”, collectively with the First
Maturity Date, the “Maturity Dates”) following the achievement of the Second [***] Milestone which achievement shall be no later than April 30th, 2021. 

If an installment on this Note becomes due and payable on a day other than a Business Day, then the payment to be made on that date shall be made on the
immediately following Business Day. 
 In addition, the Note Amount shall become due and payable upon the request of the Holder, if the Installment due on a
Maturity Date is not paid within five (5) Business Days following written notice from Holder of failure to pay such Installment. 
  

	5.	 Note Amount Adjustment  

In accordance with Section 2.05 of the Purchase Agreement: 
  

	 	a)	 in the event that the First [***] Milestone is not met on or before October 30th, 2020, then a negative adjustment is to be made to the Purchase Price in the amount of the First [***] Milestone Payment, which amount shall be deducted from the aggregate amount of the
Note Amount; 

  

	 	b)	 in the event that the First [***] Milestone is met between September 30th, 2020 and October 30th, 2020, then in accordance with paragraph 2.05(c) of the Purchase Agreement, a negative adjustment is to be made
to the Purchase Price in an amount equal to one percent (1%) of the First [***] Milestone Payment per day by which the First [***] Milestone is delayed between September 30th, 2020 and
October 30th, 2020, which amount shall be deducted from the aggregate amount of the Note Amount; 

  

	 	c)	 in the event that the Second [***] Milestone is not met on or before April 30th, 2021, then a negative adjustment is to be made to the Purchase Price in the amount of the Second [***] Milestone Payment, which amount shall be deducted from the aggregate amount of the Note
Amount; and 

  Page 
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	 	d)	 in the event that the Second [***] Milestone is met between March 31st, 2021 and April 30th, 2021, then in accordance with
 paragraph 2.05(c), a negative adjustment is to be made to the Purchase Price in an amount
equal to one percent (1%) of the Second [***] Milestone Payment per day by which the Second [***] Milestone is delayed between March 31st, 2021 and April 30th, 2021, which amount shall be deducted from the aggregate amount of the Note Amount. 

  

	 	e)	 The Parties hereby acknowledge and confirm that in the event that (i) the First [***] Milestone is not met
on or before October 30th, 2020, and (ii) the Second [***] Milestone is not met on or before April 30th, 2021, then the Note Amount shall
be equal to zero dollars ($0) and this Note shall be deemed and cancelled as of May 1st, 2021. 

  

	6.	 Purchase Agreement 

The payment of this Note is subject to the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement. This Note is only payable to the extent payable under the Purchase
Agreement. 
  

	7.	 Issue of a Replacement Upon Loss of the Note 

In case of damage or loss, destruction or theft of this Note, the Obligor shall issue, execute and deliver a new Note entirely consistent with the present
Note, in exchange of and as substitution for this Note. 
  

	8.	 Further Assurances 

Each of the Parties shall from time to time execute and deliver all such further documents and instruments and do all acts and things as another Party may,
reasonably require to effectively carry out or better evidence or perfect the full intent and meaning of this Note. 
  

	9.	 Assignment 

This Note shall bind, benefit, and be enforceable by and against the Obligor and the Holder and their respective successors and assigns. This Note is not
negotiable and no Party shall in any manner assign any of its rights or obligations under this Note without the express prior written consent of the other Parties. The Obligor and the Holder acknowledge that the Obligor and GenePOC Canada Inc., a
company governed by the laws of British Columbia and the subsidiary company of the Obligor, intend to amalgamate on or shortly after the date of this Note under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia). Such amalgamation will not
constitute an assignment for the purposes of this section and the company resulting from such amalgamation shall remain and become the Obligor. 
  

	10.	 Governing Law 

This Note shall be governed by and construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the province of Québec and the federal laws of Canada
applicable therein. 

  Page 
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		 	MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE CANADA INC.
		
	By:  	 	/s/ Jack Kenny
		 	Jack Kenny, Director
		
		 	GENEPOC INC.
		
	By:	 	/s/ Patrice Allibert
		 	Patrice Allibert, President

  

 SCHEDULE A 

NOTE AMOUNT 
  

							
	 Date
	 	 Adjustment, as the case may
be
	  	
Note Amount Balance
	 
			
	 First Maturity Date
	 		  	US$	10,000,000	 
			
	 Second Maturity Date
	 		  	US$	10,000,000EX-4.1

 Exhibit 4.1 

MFA FINANCIAL, INC., as Issuer, 

-and- 
 WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION, as Trustee 
 INDENTURE 

Dated as of June 3, 2019 

Debt Securities 
  

 CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE* 

 

			
	 Trust Indenture Act
Section
	  	 Indenture Section

	310(a)(1)	  	607
	      (a)(2)	  	607
	      (a)(3)	  	  N.A.
	      (a)(4)	  	  N.A.
	      (a)(5)	  	607
	  (b)	  	608
	  (c)	  	  N.A.
	311(a)    	  	611
	  (b)	  	611
	  (c)	  	  N.A.
	312(a)    	  	       701, 702
	  (b)	  	702
	  (c)	  	702
	313(a)    	  	703
	  (b)	  	          703, 1501
	  (c)	  	703
	  (d)	  	703
	314(a)    	  	          704, 1107
	  (b)	  	  N.A.
	(c)(1)	  	102
	(c)(2)	  	102
	(c)(3)	  	  N.A.
	  (d)	  	  N.A.
	  (e)	  	101
	  (f)	  	  N.A.
	315(a)    	  	601
	  (b)	  	602
	  (c)	  	503
	  (d)	  	601
	  (e)	  	515
	316(a)(1)(A)	  	        502, 512
	(a)(1)(B)	  	513
	(a)(2)	  	  N.A.
	  (b)	  	508
	  (c)	  	104
	317(a)(1)	  	503
	(a)(2)	  	504
	  (b)	  	1003
	318(a)	  	108

 N.A. means not applicable. * This Cross-Reference Table is not part of the Indenture. 

 

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 
  

							
	 	 	 	  	PAGE	 
	ARTICLE ONE	  

	
	DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION	  

	 Section 101.
	 	Definitions	  	 	1	 
	 Section 102.
	 	Compliance Certificates and Opinions	  	 	8	 
	 Section 103.
	 	Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee	  	 	8	 
	 Section 104.
	 	Acts of Holders	  	 	9	 
	 Section 105.
	 	Notices, etc, to Trustee and Company	  	 	10	 
	 Section 106.
	 	Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver	  	 	10	 
	 Section 107.
	 	Language of Notices	  	 	11	 
	 Section 108.
	 	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act	  	 	11	 
	 Section 109.
	 	Effect of Headings and Table of Contents	  	 	11	 
	 Section 110.
	 	Successors and Assigns	  	 	11	 
	 Section 111.
	 	Separability Clause	  	 	11	 
	 Section 112.
	 	Benefits of Indenture	  	 	11	 
	 Section 113.
	 	Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction and Service	  	 	11	 
	 Section 114.
	 	Legal Holidays	  	 	12	 
	 Section 115.
	 	Counterparts	  	 	12	 
	 Section 116.
	 	Judgment Currency	  	 	12	 
	 Section 117.
	 	Extension of Payment Dates	  	 	12	 
	 Section 118.
	 	Immunity of Shareholders, Directors, Officers and Agents of the Company	  	 	12	 
	 Section 119.
	 	Force Majeure	  	 	13	 
	 Section 120.
	 	Patriot Act	  	 	13	 
	
	ARTICLE TWO	 
	
	SECURITIES FORMS	 
	 Section 201.
	 	Forms Generally	  	 	13	 
	 Section 202.
	 	Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication	  	 	14	 
	 Section 203.
	 	Securities in Global Form	  	 	14	 
	
	ARTICLE THREE	 
	
	THE SECURITIES	 
	 Section 301.
	 	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series	  	 	14	 
	 Section 302.
	 	Currency; Denominations	  	 	17	 
	 Section 303.
	 	Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating	  	 	17	 
	 Section 304.
	 	Temporary Securities	  	 	18	 
	 Section 305.
	 	Registration, Transfer and Exchange	  	 	19	 
	 Section 306.
	 	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities	  	 	21	 
	 Section 307.
	 	Payment of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts; Rights to Interest and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved	  	 	21	 
	 Section 308.
	 	Persons Deemed Owners	  	 	22	 
	 Section 309.
	 	Cancellation	  	 	22	 
	 Section 310.
	 	Computation of Interest	  	 	23	 

  
 i 

 ARTICLE FOUR 

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE 
  

							
	 Section 401.
	 	Satisfaction and Discharge	  	 	23	 
	 Section 402.
	 	Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance	  	 	24	 
	 Section 403.
	 	Application of Trust Money	  	 	27	 
	 Section 404.
	 	Reinstatement	  	 	27	 
	
	ARTICLE FIVE	 
	
	REMEDIES	 
			
	 Section 501.
	 	Events of Default	  	 	27	 
	 Section 502.
	 	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment	  	 	29	 
	 Section 503.
	 	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee	  	 	30	 
	 Section 504.
	 	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	  	 	30	 
	 Section 505.
	 	Trustee May Enforce Claims without Possession of Securities	  	 	31	 
	 Section 506.
	 	Application of Money Collected	  	 	31	 
	 Section 507.
	 	Limitations on Suits	  	 	31	 
	 Section 508.
	 	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts	  	 	32	 
	 Section 509.
	 	Restoration of Rights and Remedies	  	 	32	 
	 Section 510.
	 	Rights and Remedies Cumulative	  	 	32	 
	 Section 511.
	 	Delay or Omission Not Waiver	  	 	32	 
	 Section 512.
	 	Control by Holders of Securities	  	 	32	 
	 Section 513.
	 	Waiver of Past Defaults	  	 	33	 
	 Section 514.
	 	Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws	  	 	33	 
	 Section 515.
	 	Undertaking for Costs	  	 	33	 
	
	ARTICLE SIX	 
	
	THE TRUSTEE	 
			
	 Section 601.
	 	Certain Rights of Trustee	  	 	34	 
	 Section 602.
	 	Notice of Defaults	  	 	35	 
	 Section 603.
	 	Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities	  	 	36	 
	 Section 604.
	 	May Hold Securities	  	 	36	 
	 Section 605.
	 	Money Held in Trust	  	 	36	 
	 Section 606.
	 	Compensation and Reimbursement	  	 	36	 
	 Section 607.
	 	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility	  	 	37	 
	 Section 608.
	 	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor	  	 	37	 
	 Section 609.
	 	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor	  	 	38	 
	 Section 610.
	 	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business	  	 	39	 
	 Section 611.
	 	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company	  	 	39	 
	 Section 612.
	 	Appointment of Authenticating Agent	  	 	39	 
	
	ARTICLE SEVEN	 
	
	HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY	 
			
	 Section 701.
	 	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders	  	 	40	 
	 Section 702.
	 	Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders	  	 	41	 
	 Section 703.
	 	Reports by Trustee	  	 	41	 
	 Section 704.
	 	Reports by Company	  	 	41	 

  
 ii 

 ARTICLE EIGHT 

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALES 
  

							
	 Section 801.
	 	Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms	  	 	41	 
	 Section 802.
	 	Successor Person Substituted for Company	  	 	42	 
	
	ARTICLE NINE	 
	
	SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	 
			
	 Section 901.
	 	Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders	  	 	42	 
	 Section 902.
	 	Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders	  	 	43	 
	 Section 903.
	 	Execution of Supplemental Indentures	  	 	44	 
	 Section 904.
	 	Effect of Supplemental Indentures	  	 	45	 
	 Section 905.
	 	Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures	  	 	45	 
	 Section 906.
	 	Conformity with Trust Indenture Act	  	 	45	 
	
	ARTICLE TEN	 
	
	COVENANTS	 
			
	 Section 1001.
	 	Payment of Principal, Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts	  	 	45	 
	 Section 1002.
	 	Maintenance of Office or Agency	  	 	45	 
	 Section 1003.
	 	Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust	  	 	46	 
	 Section 1004.
	 	Additional Amounts	  	 	47	 
	 Section 1005.
	 	Legal Existence	  	 	47	 
	 Section 1006.
	 	Waiver of Certain Covenants	  	 	47	 
	 Section 1007.
	 	Company Statement as to Compliance	  	 	47	 
	 Section 1008.
	 	Calculation of Original Issue Discount	  	 	47	 
	
	ARTICLE ELEVEN	 
	
	REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES	 
			
	 Section 1101.
	 	Applicability of Article	  	 	47	 
	 Section 1102.
	 	Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee	  	 	47	 
	 Section 1103.
	 	Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed	  	 	48	 
	 Section 1104.
	 	Notice of Redemption	  	 	48	 
	 Section 1105.
	 	Deposit of Redemption Price	  	 	49	 
	 Section 1106.
	 	Securities Payable on Redemption Date	  	 	49	 
	 Section 1107.
	 	Securities Redeemed in Part	  	 	50	 
	
	ARTICLE TWELVE	 
	
	SINKING FUNDS	 
			
	 Section 1201.
	 	Applicability of Article	  	 	50	 
	 Section 1202.
	 	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities	  	 	50	 
	 Section 1203.
	 	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund	  	 	51	 

  
 iii 

 ARTICLE THIRTEEN 

REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS 
  

							
	 Section 1301.
	 	Applicability of Article	  	 	51	 
	
	ARTICLE FOURTEEN	 
	
	SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES	 
			
	 Section 1401.
	 	Applicability of Article	  	 	51	 
	
	ARTICLE FIFTEEN	 
	
	SECURITY	 
			
	 Section 1501.
	 	Security	  	 	52	 

  

  
 iv 

 INDENTURE, dated as of June 3, 2019 (this “Indenture”), between MFA
Financial, Inc., a Maryland corporation (hereinafter called the “Company”), having its principal executive office located at 350 Park Avenue, 20th Floor, New York, New York, 10022 and Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national
banking association duly organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America (hereinafter called the “Trustee”). 

RECITALS 
 The Company has
duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of senior unsecured and secured debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (hereinafter called the “Securities”),
unlimited as to principal amount, to bear such rates of interest, to mature at such time or times, to be issued in one or more series and to have such other provisions as shall be fixed as hereinafter provided. 

The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture. All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of
the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done. 
 This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of
1939, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated thereunder that are required to be part of this Indenture and, to the extent applicable, shall be governed by such provisions. 

NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH: 

For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders (as herein defined) thereof, it is mutually
covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of any series thereof as follows: 

ARTICLE ONE 

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION 

Section 101. Definitions. 

Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or unless the context otherwise requires, for all purposes of this
Indenture: 
 (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article, and include the plural as well as the
singular; 
 (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act either directly or by reference therein, have the
meanings assigned to them therein; 
 (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance
with GAAP; 
 (4) the words “herein”, “hereof”, “hereto” and “hereunder” and other words of similar
import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; 
 (5) the word “or” is
always used inclusively (for example, the phrase “A or B” means “A or B or both”, not “either A or B but not both”); 

(6) provisions apply to successive events and transactions; 

(7) the term “merger” includes a statutory share exchange and the terms “merge” and “merged” have correlative
meanings; 

  
 1 

 (8) the masculine gender includes the feminine and the neuter; and 

(9) references to agreements and other instruments include subsequent amendments and supplements thereto. 

Certain terms used principally in certain Articles hereof are defined in those Articles. 

Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the context otherwise requires, for all purposes of this Indenture,
references to the conversion or exchange of any Securities for or into other securities (other than Securities of the same series) or property shall not include the exchange of Securities of any series for other Securities of the same series. 

“Act”, when used with respect to any Holders, has the meaning specified in Section 104. 

“Additional Amounts” means any additional amounts which are required by this Indenture or by any Security, or by the terms of any
Security established pursuant to Section 301, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes, duties, levies, imposts, assessments or other governmental charges imposed on Holders
specified herein or therein. 
 “Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or
controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control,” when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of
such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise, and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing. 

“Authenticating Agent” means the Trustee or any Person authorized by the Trustee pursuant to Section 611 to act on behalf of
the Trustee to authenticate Securities of one or more series. 
 “Authorized Newspaper” means a newspaper, in an official language
of the place of publication or in the English language, customarily published on each day that is a Business Day in the place of publication, whether or not published on days that are not Business Days in the place of publication, and of general
circulation in each place in connection with which the term is used or in the financial community of each such place. Where successive publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same
or in different newspapers in the same place meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any day that is a Business Day in the place of publication. 

“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal, state, or foreign law for the relief of debtors. 

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company or any committee of that board duly authorized to act generally or
in any particular respect for the Company hereunder. The term “board of directors” means the board of directors of the Company and does not include committees of the board of directors. 

“Board Resolution” means a copy of one or more resolutions, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to
have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, delivered to the Trustee. 

“Business Day” means, unless otherwise specified with respect to the Securities of any series pursuant to Section 301, any day
other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which trust companies or banking institutions in The City of New York are authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to close; provided that such term shall mean, when used with
respect to any payment of principal of, or premium or interest, if any, on, or Additional Amounts with respect to, the Securities of any series to be made at any Place of Payment for such Securities, unless otherwise specified pursuant to
Section 301 with respect to such Securities, any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which trust companies or banking institutions in such Place of Payment are authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to
close. 

  
 2 

 “Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time
constituted, or, if at any time after the execution of this Indenture such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time. 

“Common Shares” means the common shares of the Company as such common shares exist on the date of this Indenture or shares of any
class or classes resulting from any reclassification or reclassifications thereof and which have no preference in respect of dividends or similar distributions or of amounts payable in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of the Company and which are not subject to redemption by the Company; provided that, solely in the case of any Securities that are convertible into Common Shares, unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section 301 with
respect to the Securities of such series, if at any time there shall be more than one such resulting class, the shares of each such class then so issuable on conversion of such Securities shall be substantially in the proportion which the total
number of shares of such class resulting from all such reclassifications bears to the total number of shares of all such classes resulting from all such reclassifications. 

“Company” means the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall
have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person and any other obligor upon the Securities. 

“Company Request” and “Company Order” mean, respectively, a written request or order, as the case may be, signed in the
name of the Company by the Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer or a Vice President and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, and delivered to
the Trustee. 
 “Conversion Event” means (i) with respect to any Foreign Currency other than the Euro, the cessation of use
of such Foreign Currency both by the government of the country or the confederation which issued such Foreign Currency and for the settlement of transactions by a central bank or other public institutions of or within the international banking
community or (ii) in the case of the Euro, the cessation of use of the Euro both within the European Monetary System and for the settlement of transactions by public institutions of or within the European Union. 

“Corporate Trust Office” means (a) with respect to the Trustee, the corporate trust office which at any particular time its
corporate trust business shall be administered, which office at the date of execution of this Indenture is located at Wilmington Trust, National Association, 50 South Sixth Street, Suite 1290, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402, Attn: MFA Financial, Inc.
Administrator, or any other address that the Trustee may designate with respect to itself from time to time by notice to the Company and the Holders and (b) with respect to any other party, the office designed in the supplemental indenture for
a particular Series. 
 The term “Corporation” includes corporations, partnerships, associations, limited liability companies and
other companies, and business trusts. The term “corporation” means a corporation and does not include partnerships, associations, limited liability companies or other companies or business trusts. 

“Currency”, with respect to any payment, deposit or other transfer in respect of the principal of or any premium or interest on or
any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security, means Dollars or the Foreign Currency, as the case may be, in which such payment, deposit or other transfer is required to be made by or pursuant to the terms hereof or such Security and, with
respect to any other payment, deposit or transfer pursuant to or contemplated by the terms hereof or such Security, means Dollars. 

“CUSIP number” means the alphanumeric designation assigned to a Security by Standard & Poor’s, CUSIP Service Bureau.

 “Defaulted Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 307. 

  
 3 

 “Depository” means, with respect to any Security issuable or issued in the form of
one or more global Securities, the Person designated as depository by the Company in or pursuant to this Indenture, and, unless otherwise provided with respect to any Security, any successor to such Person. If at any time there is more than one such
Person, “Depository” shall mean, with respect to any Securities, the depository which has been appointed with respect to such Securities. 

“Dollars” or “$” means a dollar or other equivalent unit of legal tender for payment of public or private debts in the
United States of America. 
 “Equity Interests” means, with respect to any Person, all of the shares of capital stock of (or other
ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the warrants, options or other rights for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the securities
convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person or warrants, rights or options for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of such shares (or such other interests), and all
of the other ownership or profit interests in such Person (including partnership, member or trust interests therein), whether voting or nonvoting, and whether or not such shares, warrants, options, rights or other interests are outstanding on any
date of determination. 
 “Euro” means the currency introduced at the start of the third stage of European economic and monetary
union pursuant to the Treaty establishing European Community, as amended by the Treaty on European Union. 
 “European Monetary
System” means the European Monetary System established by the Resolution of December 5, 1978 of the Council of the European Community. 

“European Union” means the participating member states that adopt a single currency in accordance with the Treaty establishing the
European Community, as amended by the Treaty on European Union. 
 “Event of Default” has the meaning specified in
Section 501. 
 “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor thereto, in each case
as amended from time to time. 
 “Foreign Currency” means any currency, currency unit or composite currency, including, without
limitation, the Euro, issued by the government of one or more countries other than the United States of America or by any recognized confederation or association of such government. 

“GAAP” and “generally accepted accounting principles” mean, unless otherwise specified with respect to any series of
Securities pursuant to Section 301, such accounting principles as are generally accepted in the United States of America as of the date or time of any computation required hereunder. 

“Governmental Authority” means the government of the United States or any other nation, or of any political subdivision thereof,
whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to
government. 
 “Government Obligations” means securities which are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America or
the other government or governments in the confederation which issued the Foreign Currency in which the principal of or any premium or interest on the relevant Security or any Additional Amounts in respect thereof shall be payable, in each case
where the payment or payments thereunder are supported by the full faith and credit of such government or governments or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of
America or such other government or governments, in each case where the timely payment or payments thereunder are unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America or such other government or
governments, and which, in the case of (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer or issuers thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any
such Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of or other amount with respect to any such Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as
required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of
interest on or principal of or other amount with respect to the Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt. 

  
 4 

 “Holder” means the Person in whose name such Security is registered in the
Security Register. 
 “Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or
amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and, with respect to any Security, by the terms and provisions of such Security established pursuant to Section 301 (as such terms
and provisions may be amended pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof), provided, however, that, if at any time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under this instrument, “Indenture” shall mean, with respect to any one or more
series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions
hereof and shall include the terms of those particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established pursuant to Section 301, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of Securities
for which such Person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted. 
 “Indexed Security” means a
Security the terms of which provide that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the principal face amount thereof at original issuance. 

“interest”, with respect to any Original Issue Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means
interest payable after Maturity. 
 “Interest Payment Date”, with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an
installment of interest on such Security. 
 “Judgment Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 116. 

“Maturity”, with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal
becomes due and payable as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, upon redemption at the option of the Company, upon repurchase or repayment at the option of the
Holder or otherwise, and includes a Redemption Date for such Security and a date fixed for the repurchase or repayment of such Security at the option of the Holder. 

“New York Banking Day” has the meaning specified in Section 116. 

“Non-recourse Debt” means an obligation for indebtedness that can only be satisfied out of
the collateral securing the obligations and not out of the debtor’s other assets. 
 “Office” or “Agency”, with
respect to any Securities, means an office or agency of the Company maintained or designated in a Place of Payment for such Securities pursuant to Section 1002 or any other office or agency of the Company maintained or designated for such
Securities pursuant to Section 1002 or, to the extent designated or required by Section 1002 in lieu of such office or agency, the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. 

“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by the Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief
Financial Officer or a Vice President and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, that complies with the requirements of Section 314(e) of the Trust Indenture Act and is delivered to the
Trustee. 
 “Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company or other
counsel who shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee and the Paying Agents, if applicable, and which shall not be at the expense of the Trustee and that, if required by the Trust Indenture Act, complies with the requirements of
Section 314(e) of the Trust Indenture Act. 

  
 5 

 “Original Issue Discount Security” means a Security issued pursuant to this
Indenture which provides for an amount less than the principal face amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration pursuant to Section 502. 

“Outstanding”, when used with respect to any Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all such Securities theretofore
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except: 
 (a) any such Security theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or the Security
Registrar or delivered to the Trustee or the Security Registrar for cancellation; 
 (b) any such Security for whose payment at the Maturity
thereof money in the necessary amount (or, to the extent that such Security is payable at such Maturity in Common Shares or other securities or property, Common Shares or such other securities or property in the necessary amount, together with, if
applicable, cash in lieu of fractional shares or securities) has been theretofore deposited pursuant hereto (other than pursuant to Section 402) with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated
in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities, provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or
provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; 
 (c) any such Security with respect to which the Company has effected
defeasance or covenant defeasance pursuant to Section 402, except to the extent provided in Section 402; 
 (d) any such Security
which has been paid pursuant to Section 306 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, unless there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it
that such Security is held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Security is a valid obligation of the Company; and 
 (e) any such
Security converted or exchanged as contemplated by this Indenture into Common Shares or other securities or property, if the terms of such Security provide for such conversion or exchange pursuant to Section 301; 

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder or are present at a meeting of Holders of Securities for quorum purposes, (i) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that may be counted in making such
determination and that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purposes shall be equal to the amount of the principal thereof that pursuant to the terms of such Original Issue Discount Security would be declared (or shall have been declared to
be) due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration thereof pursuant to Section 502 at the time of such determination, and (ii) the principal amount of any Indexed Security that may be counted in making such determination and that shall
be deemed Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the principal face amount of such Indexed Security at original issuance, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, and (iii) the principal amount of a Security
denominated in a Foreign Currency that may be counted in making such determination and that shall be deemed Outstanding for such purposes shall be the Dollar equivalent, determined on the date of original issuance of such Security, of the principal
amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the Dollar equivalent on the date of original issuance of such Security of the amount determined as provided in (i) above) of such Security, and (iv) Securities owned by the
Company or any other obligor upon the Securities, or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in making any such
determination or relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which
shall have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee (A) the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and (B) that the pledgee is not the
Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or an Affiliate (other than a Trust) of the Company or such other obligor. 

  
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 “Patriot Act” means the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate
Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, Pub. L. 107-56, as amended, and signed into law October 26, 2001. 

“Paying Agent” means the Trustee and/or any other Person authorized by the Company to pay the principal of, or any premium or
interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security on behalf of the Company. 
 “Person” means any natural
person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or other entity. 

“Place of Payment”, with respect to any Security, means the place or places where the principal of, or any premium or interest on,
or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Security are payable as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security. 

“Predecessor Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same indebtedness
as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in lieu of a lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen Security shall be deemed to
evidence the same indebtedness as the lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen Security. 
 “Redemption Date”, with respect to any
Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security. 

“Redemption Price”, with respect to any Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed as
determined by or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security. 
 “Regular Record Date” for the interest payable on any Security on
any Interest Payment Date therefor means the date, if any, specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security as the record date for the payment of such interest. 

“Required Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 116. 

“Responsible Officer” means (a) any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office having direct responsibility for
matters pertaining to this Indenture and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer or employee of the Trustee to whom such matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the
particular subject and (b) when used with respect to an Agent, the meaning assigned to such term in the supplemental indenture for a particular series. 

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

 “Security” or “Securities” means any note or notes, bond or bonds, debenture or debentures, or any other evidences of
indebtedness, as the case may be, authenticated and delivered under this Indenture; provided, however, that, if at any time there is more than one Person acting as Trustee under this Indenture, “Securities”, with respect to any such
Person, shall mean Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, exclusive, however, of Securities of any series as to which such Person is not Trustee. 

“Security Register” and “Security Registrar” have the respective meanings specified in Section 305. 

“Significant Subsidiary” means, as of any date of determination, a Subsidiary of the Company that would constitute a
“significant subsidiary,” as such term is defined under Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X of the Commission as in effect on the date of this Indenture. 

“Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Security means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to
Section 307. 

  
 7 

 “Stated Maturity”, with respect to any Security or any installment of principal
thereof or interest thereon or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto, means the date established by or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or
interest is, or such Additional Amounts are, due and payable. 
 “Structured Finance Subsidiary” means a Subsidiary the primary
function of which is to act as an issuer, depositor or special purpose entity in connection with issuances of obligations collateralized by loans, bonds, mortgages or other debt obligations issued by third parties. 

“Subsidiary” of any Person means (a) any corporation, association or other business entity (other than a partnership, joint
venture, limited liability company or similar entity) of which more than 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by the issued and outstanding Equity Interests or (b) any partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or
similar entity of which more than 50% of the capital accounts, distribution rights, total equity and voting interests or general or limited partnership interests, as applicable, is, in the case of clauses (a) and (b), at the time owned or
controlled, directly or indirectly, by (1) such Person, (2) such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person or (3) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person. 

“Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and any reference herein to the Trust Indenture Act or a
particular provision thereof shall mean such Act or provision, as the case may be, as amended or replaced from time to time or as supplemented from time to time by rules or regulations adopted by the Commission under or in furtherance of the
purposes of such Act or provision, as the case may be. 
 “Trustee” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such with respect to one or more series of Securities pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean each Person who is
then a Trustee hereunder; provided, however, that if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” shall mean each such Person and as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series. 
 “United States”, means the United States of America (including the states thereof and the District
of Columbia), its territories, its possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction; and the term “United States of America” means the United States of America. 

“United States Alien”, except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security, means any Person who, for
United States Federal income tax purposes, is a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien individual, a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust, or a
foreign partnership one or more of the members of which is, for United States Federal income tax purposes, a foreign corporation, a nonresident alien individual or a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign
estate or trust. 
 “Vice President”, when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee, means any vice president, whether or
not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title “Vice President”. 
 Section 102.
Compliance Certificates and Opinions. Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company
shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion
of such counsel, all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents or any of them is specifically required by any provision of this
Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished. 

Section 103. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee. In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or
covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may
certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents. 

  
 8 

 Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates
to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the opinion with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based is erroneous. Any such Opinion of
Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company, a governmental official or officers or any other Person or Persons stating that the
information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate, opinion or representations with respect to such matters are
erroneous. 
 Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements,
opinions or other instruments under this Indenture or any Security, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument. 

Section 104. Acts of Holders. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided
by or pursuant to this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in Person or by an agent duly appointed in writing. Except as
herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action
embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments or so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing
appointing any such agent, or of the holding by any Person of a Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 315 of the Trust Indenture Act) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company and any
agent of the Trustee or the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section. 
 (1) Without limiting the generality of this
Section 104, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, a Holder, including a Depository that is a Holder of a global Security, may make, give or take, by a proxy or proxies, duly appointed in writing, any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities to be made, given or taken by Holders, and a Depository that is a Holder of a global Security may provide its proxy or proxies
to the beneficial owners of interests in any such global Security through such Depository’s standing instructions and customary practices. 

(2) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved in any reasonable manner which the Trustee
deems sufficient and in accordance with such reasonable rules as the Trustee may determine; and the Trustee may in any instance require further proof with respect to any of the matters referred to in this Section. 

(3) The ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of Securities held by any Person, and the date of the commencement and the date of the
termination of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security Register. 
 (4) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders of any
Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may at its option (but is not obligated to), by Board Resolution fix in advance a record date for the determination of Holders of Securities
entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be given before or after
such record date, but only the Holders of Securities of record at the close of business on such record date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purpose of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have
authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of such record date; provided that no such authorization,
agreement or consent by the Holders of Securities shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed
to prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any 

  
 9 

 
action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be cancelled and
of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is taken. 

(5) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act by the Holder of any Security shall bind every future
Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done or suffered to be done by the Trustee, any Security Registrar, any
Paying Agent or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such Act is made upon such Security. 
 Section 105.
Notices, etc, to Trustee and Company. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished
to, or filed with, 
 (1) the Trustee by any Holder or the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished
or filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, or 
 (2) the Company by the Trustee or any Holder shall be
sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to the attention of its Chief Financial Officer at the address of the Company’s
principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company. 

Section 106. Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver. Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture, where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of Securities of any event, 
 (1) such notice shall be sufficiently given to
Holders of Securities if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of a Security affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the
earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice; and 
 (2) In any case where notice to Holders of Securities is given by mail,
neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder of a Security shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Securities given as provided herein. Any notice
which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given or provided. In the case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such
notice by mail, then such notification as shall be made in a manner acceptable to the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder. 

Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice,
either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders of Securities shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action
taken in reliance upon such waiver. 
 Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, unless otherwise expressly stated in this Indenture
or pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of any series, if a Depository or its nominee is the Holder of any Security, then any notice given to such Depository or its nominee, as the case may be, in respect of such Security may
be given by the Company or the Trustee electronically in accordance with the procedures of such Depository as in effect from time to time in lieu of giving notice to such Depository or such nominee, as the case may be, by mail and all references in
this Indenture to the mailing of any such notice shall be deemed to mean, solely as concerns the notice given by the Company or the Trustee to such Depository or its nominee, as the case may be, the electronic transmission of such notice as
aforesaid, mutatis mutandis. 

  
 10 

 Section 107. Language of Notices. Any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, election or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language, except that, if the Company so elects, any published notice may be in an official language of the country of publication.

 Section 108. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act. If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with any duties
under any required provision of the Trust Indenture Act imposed hereon by Section 318(c) thereof, such required provision of the Trust Indenture Act shall control. 

Section 109. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents. The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are
for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof. 
 Section 110. Successors and Assigns. All covenants
and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not. 

Section 111. Separability Clause. In case any provision in this Indenture or any Security shall be invalid, illegal or
unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not, to the fullest extent permitted by law, in any way be affected or impaired thereby. 

Section 112. Benefits of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or any Security, express or implied, shall give to any Person,
other than the parties hereto, any Security Registrar, any Paying Agent and their successors hereunder and the Holders of Securities, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture. 

Section 113. Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction and Service. This Indenture and the Securities
shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made or instruments entered into and, in each case, performed in said State, without regard to conflicts of laws or principles thereof.

 EACH OF THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO
TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE SECURITIES OR THE TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. 

To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Company hereby irrevocably submits to the jurisdiction of any federal or state court
located in the Borough of Manhattan in The City of New York, New York in any suit, action or proceeding based on or arising out of or relating to this Indenture or any Securities and irrevocably agrees that all claims in respect of such suit or
proceeding may be determined in any such court. The Company irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection which it may have to the laying of the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding brought in an inconvenient
forum. The Company agrees that final judgment in any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such a court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Company, and may be enforced in any courts to the jurisdiction of which the Company is subject by a
suit upon such judgment, provided, that service of process is effected upon the Company in the manner specified herein or as otherwise permitted by law. The Company hereby irrevocably designates and appoints Harold Schwartz (the “Process
Agent”) as its authorized agent for purposes of this section, it being understood that the designation and appointment of the Process Agent as such authorized agent shall become effective immediately without any further action on the part of
the Company. The Company further agrees that service of process upon the Process Agent and written notice of said service to the Company, mailed by prepaid registered first class mail or delivered to the Process Agent at its principal office, shall
be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon the Company, in any such suit or proceeding. The Company further agrees to take any and all action, including the execution and filing of any and all such documents and instruments as may
be necessary, to continue such designation and appointment of the Process Agent in full force and effect so long as the Company, has any outstanding obligations under this Indenture. To the extent the Company has or hereafter may acquire any
immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from any legal process (whether through service of notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution, executor or otherwise) with respect to itself or its property, the Company hereby
irrevocably waives such immunity in respect of its obligations under this Indenture to the extent permitted by law. 

  
 11 

 Section 114. Legal Holidays. Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to
this Indenture or any Securities, in any case where any Interest Payment Date, Stated Maturity or Maturity of, or any other day on which a payment is due with respect to, any Security shall be a day which is not a Business Day at any Place of
Payment, then payment need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but such payment may be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment
Date, at the Stated Maturity or Maturity or on any such other payment date, as the case may be, and no interest shall accrue on the amount payable on such date or at such time for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Stated
Maturity, Maturity or other payment date, as the case may be, to the next succeeding Business Day. 
 Section 115.
Counterparts. This Indenture may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be an original and all of which shall constitute but one and the same instrument. 

Section 116. Judgment Currency. The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law,
that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment against it in any court, it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of, or premium or interest, if any, or Additional Amounts on the Securities of any series (the
“Required Currency”) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in
The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding that on which a final unappealable judgment is given and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required
Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, or any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with clause (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such
tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for
the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being
obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, “New York Banking Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York or a day on which trust companies or banking
institutions in The City of New York are authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to be closed. The provisions of this Section 116 shall not be applicable with respect to any payment due on a Security which is payable in
Dollars. 
 Section 117. Extension of Payment Dates. 

In the event that (i) the terms of any Security established in or pursuant to this Indenture permit the Company or any Holder thereof to
extend the date on which any payment of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest, if any, on, or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to such Security is due and payable and (ii) the due date for any such payment shall have been so
extended, then all references herein to the Stated Maturity of such payment (and all references of like import) shall be deemed to refer to the date as so extended. 

Section 118. Immunity of Shareholders, Directors, Officers and Agents of the Company. No recourse under or upon any
obligation, covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or in any Security, or because of any indebtedness evidenced thereby, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any past, present or future
shareholder, incorporator, employee, officer or director, as such, of the Company or any predecessor or successor to the Company, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor, under any rule of law, statute or
constitutional provision or by the enforcement of any assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding or otherwise, all such liability being expressly waived and released by the acceptance of the Securities by the Holders and as part of the
consideration for the issue of the Securities; it being expressly understood that, without limitation to the foregoing, this Indenture and the Securities and the obligations created hereunder and thereunder are solely corporate, limited liability
company, partnership, limited partnership or similar obligations, as the case may be, of the Company and that no such Personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, any past, present or future shareholder, incorporator,
employee, officer or director, as such, of the Company or any of its predecessors or successors, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements
contained in this Indenture or in any Security or implied herefrom or therefrom and that any and all such Personal liability of every type and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights
and 

  
 12 

 
claims against, every such past, present or future shareholder, incorporator, employee, officer or director, as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by
reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any Security or implied herefrom or therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this
Indenture and the issuance of the Securities. As used in this Section 118, all references to “shareholders” shall be deemed to mean, with respect to any Person, any past, present or future holder or owner of an equity interest in such
Person, including, without limitation, owners or holders of capital stock, limited or general partnership interests and limited liability company interests. 

Section 119. Force Majeure. In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the
performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances,
nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent
with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances. 

Section 120. Patriot Act. The parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance with Section 326 of the Patriot Act, the
Trustee, like all financial institutions and in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each Person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or
opens an account with the Trustee. The parties to this Indenture agree that they will provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the Patriot Act. 

ARTICLE TWO 
 SECURITIES
FORMS 
 Section 201. Forms Generally. Each Security issued pursuant to this Indenture shall be in the form established
by or pursuant to a Board Resolution and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, shall have such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required
or permitted by or pursuant to this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may, consistently herewith, be determined by
any officer of the Company executing such Security as evidenced by the execution of such Security. 
 Unless otherwise provided in or
pursuant to this Indenture or any Securities, the Securities shall be issuable in registered form without coupons. 
 Definitive Securities
shall be printed, lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods on a steel engraved border or steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the officers of the Company executing such
Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities. 

  
 13 

 Section 202. Form of Trustee’s Certificate of
Authentication. Subject to Section 611, the Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following form: 

This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture. 

 

			
	 WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,

as Trustee

		
	By:	 	  

		 	Authorized Signatory

 Section 203. Securities in Global Form. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to
this Indenture or any Securities, the Securities shall be issuable in global form. If Securities of a series shall be issuable in temporary or permanent global form, any such Security may provide that it or any number of such Securities shall
represent the aggregate amount of all Outstanding Securities of such series (or such lesser amount as is permitted by the terms thereof) from time to time endorsed thereon or reflected on the books and records of the Trustee and may also provide
that the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time to time be increased or reduced to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of any Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the
amount, or changes in the rights of Holders, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby shall be made in such manner and by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or pursuant to Section 301 with respect to such Security or in
the Company Order to be delivered pursuant to Section 303 or 304 with respect thereto. Subject to the provisions of Section 303 and, if applicable, Section 304, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any Security in global form in
the manner and upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or pursuant to Section 301 with respect to such Security or in the applicable Company Order. If a Company Order pursuant to Section 303 or 304 has been, or
simultaneously is, delivered, any instructions by the Company with respect to a Security in global form shall be in writing but need not be accompanied by or contained in an Officers’ Certificate and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of
Counsel. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this paragraph, in the event a global Security is exchangeable for definitive Securities as provided in Section 305, then, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture with
respect to the Securities of such series, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver such global Security to the extent necessary to effect such exchanges, shall endorse such global Security to reflect any decrease in the principal amount thereto
resulting from such exchanges and shall take such other actions, all as contemplated by Section 305. 
 Notwithstanding the provisions
of Section 307, unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Securities, payment of principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, any Security in temporary or permanent global form
shall be made to the Person or Persons specified therein. 
 Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 308 and except as provided in
the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company and the Trustee shall treat as the Holder of such principal amount of Outstanding Securities represented by a global Security, the Holder of such global Security. 

ARTICLE THREE 
 THE
SECURITIES 
 Section 301. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series. The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may
be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series. 
 With respect to any
Securities to be authenticated and delivered hereunder, there shall be established in or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to
the issuance of any Securities of a series, 

  
 14 

 (1) the title of the Securities of such series; 

(2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series which may be authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of such series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 905 or 1107, and except for Securities which,
pursuant to Section 303, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder, upon repayment in part of any Security of such series pursuant to Article Thirteen or upon surrender in part of any Security for conversion or
exchange into Common Shares or other securities or property pursuant to its terms), and if such series may not be reopened from time to time for the issuance of additional Securities of such series; 

(3) if any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form, when any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form and
(i) whether such Securities are to be issued in temporary or permanent global form or both, (ii) whether beneficial owners of interests in any such global Security may exchange such interests for Securities of the same series and of like
tenor and of any authorized form and denomination, and the circumstances under which any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner specified in Section 305, (iii) the name of the Depository with respect to any such global Security
and (iv) if applicable and in addition to the Persons specified in Section 305, the Person or Persons who shall be entitled to make any endorsements on any such global Security and to give the instructions and take the other actions with
respect to such global Security contemplated by the first paragraph of Section 203; 
 (4) the date or dates, or the method or methods,
if any, by which such date or dates shall be determined, on which the principal and premium, if any, of such Securities is payable; 
 (5)
the rate or rates at which such Securities shall bear interest, if any, or the method or methods, if any, by which such rate or rates are to be determined, the date or dates, if any, from which such interest shall begin to accrue or the method or
methods, if any, by which such date or dates are to be determined, the Interest Payment Dates, if any, on which such interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on Securities on any Interest Payment Date,
the notice, if any, to Holders regarding the determination of interest on a floating rate Security and the manner of giving such notice, and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other than that of a
360-day year of twelve 30-day months; 
 (6) if in addition
to or other than the place where the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee may from time to time be located, the place or places where the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, such
Securities shall be payable, any of such Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, any of such Securities may be surrendered for conversion or exchange and notices or demands to or upon the Company in respect of such
Securities and this Indenture may be served; 
 (7) whether any of such Securities are to be redeemable at the option of the Company and, if
so, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the other terms and conditions upon which such Securities may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company; 

(8) if the Company is obligated to redeem or purchase any of such Securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or at the
option of any Holder thereof and, if so, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the other terms and conditions upon which such Securities shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part,
pursuant to such obligation, and any provisions for the remarketing of such Securities so redeemed or purchased; 
 (9) the denominations in
which any of such Securities shall be issuable if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiples thereof; 
 (10) whether the
Securities of the series will be convertible into and/or exchangeable for Common Shares or other securities or property, and if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, and any deletions from or
modifications or additions to this Indenture to permit or to facilitate the issuance of such convertible or exchangeable Securities or the administration thereof; 

  
 15 

 (11) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of any
of such Securities that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502 or the method by which such portion is to be determined; 

(12) if other than Dollars, the Foreign Currency in which payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts
with respect to any of such Securities shall be payable; 
 (13) if the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts
with respect to any of such Securities are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in Dollars or in a Foreign Currency other than that in which such Securities are stated to be payable, the date or dates on
which, the period or periods within which, and the other terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made, and the time and manner of determining the exchange rate between the Currency in which such Securities are stated to be payable and
the Currency in which such Securities or any of them are to be paid pursuant to such election, and any deletions from or modifications of or additions to the terms of this Indenture to provide for or to facilitate the issuance of Securities
denominated or payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in a Foreign Currency; 
 (14) if the amount of
payments of principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method or methods (which index, formula or method or methods may be based,
without limitation, on one or more Currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices), and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which and the method by which such amounts shall be determined and paid or payable; 

(15) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or covenants of the Company with respect to such Securities
(whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with the Events of Default or covenants set forth herein), and, if any additional covenants not contained in this Indenture as of its date shall be applicable with respect to such
Securities, whether Section 1006 shall be applicable with respect to any such additional covenants; 
 (16) if any one or more of
Section 401 relating to satisfaction and discharge, Section 402(2) relating to defeasance or Section 402(3) relating to covenant defeasance shall not be applicable to the Securities of such series, and any covenants in addition to or
other than those covenants, if any, specified in Section 402(3) relating to the Securities of such series which shall be subject to covenant defeasance, and, if the Securities of such series are subject to repurchase or repayment at the option
of the Holders thereof pursuant to Article Thirteen, if the Company’s obligation to repurchase or repay such Securities will not be subject to satisfaction and discharge pursuant to Section 401 or to defeasance pursuant to
Section 402, and, if the Holders of such Securities have the right to convert or exchange such Securities into Common Shares or other securities or property, if the right to effect such conversion or exchange will be subject to satisfaction and
discharge pursuant to Section 401 or to defeasance or covenant defeasance pursuant to Section 402, and any deletions from, or modifications or additions to, the provisions of Article Four in respect of the Securities of such series; 

(17) if any of such Securities are to be issuable upon the exercise of warrants, and the time, manner and place for such Securities to be
authenticated and delivered; 
 (18) if any of such Securities are issuable in global form and are to be issuable in definitive form (whether
upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary Security) only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions, then the form and terms of such certificates, documents or conditions; 

(19) whether and under what circumstances the Company will pay Additional Amounts on such Securities to any Holder who is a United States Alien
in respect of specified taxes, assessments or other government charges and, if so, whether the Company will have the option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such Additional Amounts; 

  
 16 

 (20) if there is more than one Trustee, the identity of the Trustee and, if not the Trustee,
the identity of each Security Registrar, Paying Agent or Authenticating Agent with respect to such Securities; 
 (21) the Person to whom any
interest on any Security of such series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name the Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, and the extent
to which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary global Security will be paid if other than in the manner provided in this Indenture; 

(22) whether the Securities of such series are to be secured by any property, assets or other collateral and, if so, the applicable collateral,
any deletions from, or modifications or additions to, the provisions of Article Fifteen hereof or any other provisions of this Indenture in connection therewith or in connection with any other instrument or agreement entered into in connection
therewith; 
 (23) if the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of any Securities of the series will not be determinable as of any
one or more dates prior to the Stated Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such Securities as of any such date for any purpose thereunder or hereunder, including the principal amount thereof which shall be due and
payable upon any Maturity other than the Stated Maturity or which shall be deemed to be Outstanding as of any date prior to the Stated Maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be
determined); and 
 (24) any other terms of such Securities (whether or not such other terms are consistent or inconsistent with any other
terms of this Indenture) and any deletions from or modifications or additions to this Indenture in respect of such Securities. 
 The terms
of the Securities of any series may provide, without limitation, that the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered by the Trustee on original issue from time to time upon written order of Persons designated in the Board Resolution,
Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture, as the case may be, pertaining to such series of Securities and that such Persons are authorized to determine, consistent with such Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental
indenture, such terms and conditions of the Securities of such series as are specified in such Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture. All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless
otherwise provided by the Company as contemplated by this Section 301, a series may be reopened from time to time without the consent of any Holders for issuances of additional Securities of such series. 

If any of the terms of the Securities of any series shall be established by action taken by or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions, such
Board Resolutions shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate setting forth the terms of such series. 

Section 302. Currency; Denominations. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, the principal of, any
premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities shall be payable in Dollars. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, Securities denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in registered form without
coupons in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiples thereof. Securities not denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in such denominations as are established with respect to such Securities in or pursuant to this Indenture. 

Section 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating. Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its
Chairman, its Chief Executive Officer, its President or one of its Vice Presidents and by its Treasurer, one of its Assistant Treasurers, its Secretary or one of its Assistant Secretaries and may (but need not) have its corporate or other seal or a
facsimile thereof reproduced thereon. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile. 
 Securities
bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to
hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities. 

  
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 At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the
Company may deliver Securities executed by the Company, to the Trustee for authentication and, provided that the Board Resolution and Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture or indentures with respect to such Securities referred to in
Section 301 and a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities have been delivered to the Trustee, the Trustee in accordance with the Company Order and subject to the provisions hereof and of such Securities shall
authenticate and deliver such Securities. In authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to the applicable
provisions of Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel to the following effect, which Opinion of Counsel may contain such assumptions, qualifications and limitations
as such counsel shall deem appropriate: 
 (a) the form or forms and terms of such Securities have been established in conformity with
Sections 201 and 301 of this Indenture; and 
 (b) all conditions precedent set forth in Sections 201, 301 and 303 of this Indenture to the
authentication and delivery of such Securities have been complied with and that such Securities, when completed by appropriate insertions (if applicable), executed by duly authorized officers of the Company, delivered by duly authorized officers of
the Company to the Trustee for authentication pursuant to this Indenture, and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute
valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except as enforcement thereof may be subject to or limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, arrangement, fraudulent
conveyance, fraudulent transfer or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally, and subject to general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding in equity or at law). 

If all the Securities of any series are not to be issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver an Opinion of Counsel at the time
of issuance of each Security, but such opinion, with such modifications as counsel shall deem appropriate, shall be delivered at or before the time of issuance of the first Security of such series. After any such first delivery, any separate request
by the Company that the Trustee authenticate Securities of such series for original issue will be deemed to be a certification by the Company that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to authentication and delivery of
such Securities continue to have been complied with. The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate or to cause an Authenticating Agent to authenticate any Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the
Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee or if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not
lawfully be taken. 
 Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. 

No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless there appears on such
Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for in Section 202 or 611 executed by or on behalf of the Trustee or by the Authenticating Agent by the manual signature of one of its authorized signatories. Such
certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. 

Section 304. Temporary Securities. Pending the preparation of definitive Securities, the Company may execute and deliver to
the Trustee and, upon Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the manner provided in Section 303, temporary Securities in lieu thereof which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in
any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, in registered form and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers of the
Company executing such Securities may determine, as conclusively evidenced by their execution of such Securities. Such temporary Securities may be in global form. 

Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form, which shall be exchanged in accordance with the provisions set forth in this
Indenture or the provisions established pursuant to Section 301, if temporary Securities are issued, the Company shall cause definitive Securities to be prepared without unreasonable delay. Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture, after the preparation of definitive Securities of the same series 

  
 18 

 
and containing terms and provisions that are identical to those of any temporary Securities, such temporary Securities shall be exchangeable for such definitive Securities upon surrender of such
temporary Securities at an Office or Agency for such Securities, without charge to any Holder thereof. Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities, the
Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of definitive Securities of authorized denominations of the same series and containing identical terms and provisions. Unless otherwise
provided in or pursuant to this Indenture with respect to a temporary Security, until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such
series. 
 Section 305. Registration, Transfer and Exchange. With respect to the Securities of each series, if any, the
Company shall cause to be kept a register (each such register being herein sometimes referred to as the “Security Register”) at an Office or Agency for such series in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the
Company shall provide for the registration of the Securities of such series and of transfers of the Securities of such series. Such Office or Agency shall be the “Security Registrar” for that series of Securities. Unless otherwise
specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities, the initial Security Registrar for each series of Securities shall be as specified in the last paragraph of Section 1002. The Company shall have the right to remove and replace from
time to time the Security Registrar for any series of Securities; provided that no such removal or replacement shall be effective until a successor Security Registrar with respect to such series of Securities shall have been appointed by the Company
and shall have accepted such appointment. In the event that the Trustee shall not be or shall cease to be Security Registrar with respect to a series of Securities, it shall have the right to examine the Security Register for such series at all
reasonable times. There shall be only one Security Register for each series of Securities. 
 Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to
this Indenture, upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of any series at any Office or Agency for such series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or
transferees, one or more new Securities of the same series denominated as authorized in or pursuant to this Indenture, of a like aggregate principal amount bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding and containing identical terms and
provisions. 
 Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, at the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be
exchanged for other Securities of the same series containing identical terms and provisions, in any authorized denominations, and of a like aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at any Office or Agency for such
series. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. 

Whenever any Securities are surrendered for exchange as contemplated by the immediately preceding two paragraphs, the Company shall execute,
and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, the global Securities of any series shall be
exchangeable for definitive certificated Securities of such series only if (i) the Depository for such global Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a Depository for such global Securities or at any time
the Depository for such global Securities ceases to be a clearing agency registered as such under the Exchange Act, if so required by applicable law or regulation, and no successor Depository for such Securities shall have been appointed within 90
days of such notification or of the Company becoming aware of the Depository’s ceasing to be so registered, as the case may be, (ii) the Company, in its sole discretion, determines that the Securities of such series shall no longer be
represented by one or more global Securities and executes and delivers to the Trustee a Company Order to the effect that such global Securities shall be so exchangeable and notifies the Depository of the same, or (iii) an Event of Default has
occurred and is continuing with respect to such Securities. 
 If the beneficial owners of interests in a global Security are entitled to
exchange such interests for definitive Securities as the result of an event described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) of the preceding paragraph, then without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the earliest date on which such
interests may be so exchanged, the 

  
 19 

 
Company shall deliver to the Trustee definitive Securities in such form and denominations as are required by or pursuant to this Indenture, and of the same series, containing identical terms and
in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such global Security, executed by the Company. On or after the earliest date on which such interests may be so exchanged, such global Security shall be surrendered from time to time by
the Depository (or its custodian) as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto (which the Company agrees to deliver), and in accordance with instructions given to the Trustee and the Depository (which instructions shall be in
writing but need not be contained in or accompanied by an Officers’ Certificate or be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel), as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, as the Company’s agent for such
purpose, to be exchanged, in whole or in part, for definitive Securities as described above without charge. The Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in exchange for each portion of such surrendered global Security, a like
aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor as the portion of such global Security to be exchanged, which shall be in such denominations and registered in such names as shall
be specified by the Depository; provided, however, that no such exchanges may occur during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any selection of Securities of the same series to be redeemed and ending on the relevant
Redemption Date. Promptly following any such exchange in part, such global Security shall be returned by the Trustee to such Depository (or its custodian) or such other Depository (or its custodian) referred to above in accordance with the
instructions of the Company referred to above, and the Trustee shall endorse such global Security to reflect the decrease in the principal amount thereof resulting from such exchange. If a Security is issued in exchange for any portion of a global
Security after the close of business at the Office or Agency for such Security where such exchange occurs on or after (i) any Regular Record Date for such Security and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the next Interest
Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date for such Security and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the related proposed date for payment of interest or Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, interest shall not be
payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Security, but shall be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, only to the Person to whom
interest in respect of such portion of such global Security shall be payable in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture. 
 All
Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company evidencing the same debt and entitling the Holders thereof to the same benefits under this Indenture as the Securities
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange. 
 Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for
exchange or redemption shall (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar for such Security) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar for such
Security duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing. 
 No service charge shall be made for any
registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, or any redemption or repayment of Securities, or any conversion or exchange of Securities for other types of securities or property, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 304, 905 or 1107, upon repayment or repurchase in part of any Security
pursuant to Article Thirteen, or upon surrender in part of any Security for conversion or exchange into Common Shares or other securities or property pursuant to its terms, in each case not involving any transfer. 

Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, the Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of
or exchange any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the selection for redemption of Securities of like tenor and terms and of the same series under Section 1103 and ending at the close of
business on the day of such selection, or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security, or portion thereof, so selected for redemption, except in the case of any Security to be redeemed in part, the portion thereof not to be
redeemed, or (iii) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security which, in accordance with its terms, has been surrendered for repayment at the option of the Holder pursuant to Article Thirteen and not withdrawn, except the
portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid. 

  
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 Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, neither the Trustee nor the
Security Registrar shall be responsible for ascertaining whether any transfer complies with the registration provisions of or exemptions from the Securities Act or applicable state securities laws. 

Section 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities. If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee,
subject to the provisions of this Section 306, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same series containing identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a
number not contemporaneously outstanding. 
 If there be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction
of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security, and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless from and against any and all loss, liability or expense, then, in
the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and, upon the Company’s request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu
of any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same series containing identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. 

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 306, in case any mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is
about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security. 
 Upon the
issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of
the Trustee) connected therewith. 
 Every new Security issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security
shall constitute a separate obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any
and all other Securities of such series duly issued hereunder. 
 The provisions of this Section, as amended or supplemented pursuant to
this Indenture with respect to particular Securities or generally, shall (to the extent lawful) be exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities. 
 Section 307. Payment of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts; Rights to Interest
and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, any interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security which shall be payable, and are punctually paid or duly provided for,
on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered as of the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest. 

Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, any interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security which
shall be payable, but shall not be punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for such Security (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder thereof on the relevant Regular
Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder; and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below: 

(1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Person in whose name such Security (or a Predecessor Security
thereof) shall be registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted
Interest proposed to be paid on such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted
Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit on or prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when so deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Person entitled to such Defaulted Interest as
in this Clause 

  
 21 

 
provided. Thereupon, the Company shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the
proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company shall
cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Holder of such Security (or a Predecessor Security thereof) at his address as it appears in the
Security Register not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. The Trustee may, in its discretion, in the name and at the expense of the Company cause a similar notice to be published at least once in an Authorized Newspaper of general
circulation in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, but such publication shall not be a condition precedent to the establishment of such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record
Date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Security (or a Predecessor Security thereof) shall be registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no
longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2). 
 (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest in any other lawful
manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Security may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment
pursuant to this Clause, such payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee. 
 Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture or the Securities of any particular series, at the option of the Company, interest on Securities that bear interest may be paid by mailing a check to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security
Register or by transfer to an account maintained by the payee with a bank located in the United States of America. 
 Subject to the
foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 305, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and
to accrue, which were carried by such other Security. 
 Section 308. Persons Deemed Owners. Prior to due presentment of a
Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Security is registered in the Security Register as the owner of such Security for the purpose of
receiving payment of principal of, any premium and (subject to Sections 305 and 307) interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not any payment with respect to such Security
shall be overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary. 

No holder of any beneficial interest in any global Security held on its behalf by a Depository shall have any rights under this Indenture with
respect to such global Security, and such Depository may be treated by the Company, the Trustee, and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the owner of such global Security for all purposes whatsoever. None of the Company, the Trustee, any
Paying Agent or the Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a global Security or for maintaining, supervising or
reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests. 
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the
Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Security Registrar from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the applicable Depository, as a Holder, with respect to a global Security or impair, as
between such Depository and the owners of beneficial interests in such global Security, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of such Depository (or its nominee) as the Holder of such global Security. 

Section 309. Cancellation. All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer, exchange or
conversion or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee, and any such Securities, as well as Securities surrendered directly to the Trustee for any such
purpose, shall be cancelled promptly by the Trustee. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company

  
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may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Securities so delivered shall be cancelled promptly by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any
Securities cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by or pursuant to this Indenture. All cancelled Securities held by the Trustee shall be destroyed by the Trustee in accordance with customary procedures. 

Section 310. Computation of Interest. Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or in the Securities of
any series, interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. 

ARTICLE FOUR 

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE 

Section 401. Satisfaction and Discharge. Unless, pursuant to Section 301, the provisions of this Section 401 shall
not be applicable with respect to the Securities of any series, upon the direction of the Company by a Company Order, this Indenture shall cease to be of further effect with respect to any series of Securities specified in such Company Order, and
the Trustee, on receipt of a Company Order, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series, when 

(1) either 
 (a) all Securities of
such series theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities of such series which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 306, and (ii) Securities of such
series for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 1003) have been delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation; or 
 (b) all Securities of such series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation 

(i) have become due and payable, or 

(ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or 

(iii) if redeemable at the option of the Company, are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the
Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, 
 and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii)
or (iii) above, has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose, money in the Currency in which such Securities are payable in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness
on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including the principal of, any premium and interest on, and, to the extent that the Securities of such series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts thereon and
the amount of any such Additional Amounts which are or will be payable with respect to the Securities of such series is at the time of deposit reasonably determinable by the Company (in the exercise by the Company of its sole and absolute
discretion), any Additional Amounts with respect to, such Securities, to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Maturity thereof, as the case may be; 

(2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to the Outstanding Securities of
such series; and 
 (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that
all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been complied with. 

  
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 In the event there are Securities of two or more series Outstanding hereunder, the Trustee
shall be required to execute an instrument acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture only if requested to do so with respect to Securities of such series as to which it is Trustee and if the other conditions thereto are met. 

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to any series of Securities, the obligations of the Company to
the Trustee under Section 606 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (b) of clause (1) of this Section, the respective obligations of the Company and the Trustee with respect to the Securities
of such series under Sections 305, 306, 403, 404, 1002 and 1003, any rights of Holders of the Securities of such series (unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of such series) to convert or exchange,
and the obligations of the Company to convert or exchange, such Securities into Common Shares or other securities or property, and, if expressly provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of such series, any rights of
Holders of the Securities of such series to require the Company to repurchase or repay, and the obligations of the Company to repurchase or repay, such Securities at the option of such Holders as contemplated by Article Thirteen hereof, shall
survive, and, if the Securities of such series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 1004, the Company will remain obligated, following satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to the Securities of
such series, to pay Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities as contemplated by Section 1004, to the extent (and only to the extent) that the Additional Amounts payable with respect to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in
respect of such Additional Amounts pursuant to subclause (b) of clause (1) of this Section. 
 Section 402. Defeasance and Covenant
Defeasance. 
 (1) Unless, pursuant to Section 301, either or both of (i) defeasance of the Securities of or within a series
under clause (2) of this Section 402 or (ii) covenant defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under clause (3) of this Section 402 shall not be applicable with respect to the Securities of such series, then such
provisions, together with the other provisions of this Section 402 (with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to Section 301 with respect to any Securities), shall be applicable to such Securities, and the Company may at
its option by Board Resolution, at any time, with respect to the Securities of or within such series, elect to have Section 402(2) or Section 402(3) be applied to such Outstanding Securities upon compliance with the conditions set forth
below in this Section 402. Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of any series, defeasance under clause (2) of this Section 402 and covenant defeasance under clause (3) of this
Section 402 may be effected with respect to any or all of the Outstanding Securities of any series. To the extent that the terms of any Security established in or pursuant to this Indenture permit the Company or any Holder thereof to extend the
date on which any payment of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest, if any, on, or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to such Security is due and payable, then unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section 301, the right to extend
such date shall terminate upon defeasance or covenant defeasance, as the case may be. 
 (2) Upon the Company’s exercise of the above
option applicable to this Section 402(2) with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to such Outstanding Securities on the date the conditions set
forth in clause (4) of this Section 402 are satisfied (hereinafter, “defeasance”). For this purpose, such defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such
Outstanding Securities, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “Outstanding” only for the purposes of clause (5) of this Section 402 and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) of this
paragraph, and shall be deemed to have satisfied all of its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments
acknowledging the same), except for the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (i) the rights of Holders of such Outstanding Securities to receive, solely (except as provided in clause (ii) below)
from the trust fund described in clause (4)(a) of this Section 402 and as more fully set forth in this Section 402 and Section 403, payments in respect of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on, and Additional
Amounts, if any, with respect to, such Securities when such payments are due, (ii) the obligations of the Company and the Trustee with respect to such Securities under Sections 305, 306, 1002 and 1003 and, if applicable to the Securities of
such series, any rights of Holders of such Securities (unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of such series) to convert or exchange, and the obligations of the Company to convert or exchange, such
Securities into Common Shares or other securities or property, and, if expressly provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to 

  
 24 

 
the Securities of such series, any rights of Holders of the Securities of such series to require the Company to repurchase or repay, and the obligations of the Company to repurchase or repay,
such Securities at the option of such Holders as contemplated by Article Thirteen hereof, and, if the Securities of such series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 1004, the Company will remain obligated, following
defeasance of this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series, to pay Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities as contemplated by Section 1004, to the extent (and only to the extent) that the Additional Amounts payable
with respect to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in respect of such Additional Amounts pursuant to clause 4(a) of this Section 402, (iii) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (iv) this
Section 402 and Sections 403 and 404. The Company may exercise its option under this Section 402(2) notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 402(3) with respect to such Securities. 

(3) Upon the Company’s exercise of the above option applicable to this Section 402(3) with respect to any Securities of or within a
series, the Company shall be released from its obligations under any covenants applicable to such Securities which are specified pursuant to Section 301 as being subject to covenant defeasance on and after the date the conditions set forth in
clause (4) of this Section 402 are satisfied (hereinafter, “covenant defeasance”), and such Securities shall thereafter be deemed to be not “Outstanding” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration
or Act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with any such covenant, but shall continue to be deemed “Outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that with
respect to such Outstanding Securities, the Company may omit to comply with, and shall have no liability in respect of, any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference
elsewhere herein to any such Section or such other covenant or by reason of reference in any such Section or such other covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a default or an
Event of Default under Section 501(5) or 501(11) or otherwise, as the case may be, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby. 

(4) The following shall be the conditions to application of clause (2) or (3) of this Section 402 to any Outstanding Securities of or
within a series: 
 (a) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee
satisfying the requirements of Section 607 who shall agree to comply with the provisions of this Section 402 applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for,
and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, (1) an amount in Dollars or in such Foreign Currency in which such Securities are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity or, if such defeasance or covenant defeasance
is to be effected in compliance with subsection (f) below, on the relevant Redemption Date, as the case may be, or (2) Government Obligations applicable to such Securities (determined on the basis of the Currency in which such Securities
are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity or, if such defeasance or covenant defeasance is to be effected in compliance with subsection (f) below, on the relevant Redemption Date, as the case may be) which through the scheduled payment
of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities, money in an amount,
or (3) a combination thereof, in any case, in an amount, sufficient, without consideration of any reinvestment of such principal and interest, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a
written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, (y) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on,
and, to the extent that such Securities provide for the payment of Additional Amounts thereon and the amount of any such Additional Amounts which are or will be payable with respect to the Securities of such series is at the time of deposit
reasonably determinable by the Company (in the exercise by the Company of its sole and absolute discretion), any Additional Amounts with respect to, such Outstanding Securities on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or
interest or the applicable Redemption Date, as the case may be, and (z) any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to such Outstanding Securities on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with
the terms of this Indenture and of such Securities. 
 (b) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation
of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture. 

  
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 (c) No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become an
Event of Default with respect to such Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit, and, solely in the case of defeasance under Section 402(2), no Event of Default with respect to the Company under clauses (8),
(9) or (10) of Section 501 with respect to such Securities or event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to the Company under clauses (8), (9) or (10) of Section 501 with
respect to such Securities shall have occurred and be continuing at any time during the period ending on and including the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition to defeasance under Section 402(2) shall
not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period). 
 (d) In the case of defeasance pursuant to Section 402(2), the Company
shall have delivered to the Trustee an opinion of independent counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee stating that (x) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (y) since
the date of this Indenture there has been a change in applicable U.S. federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion of independent counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of such Outstanding Securities
will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if
such defeasance had not occurred; or, in the case of covenant defeasance pursuant to Section 402(3), the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an opinion of independent counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee to the effect that the
Holders of such Outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at
the same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred. 
 (e) The Company shall have delivered to the
Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent to the defeasance or covenant defeasance, as the case may be, under this Indenture have been complied with. 

(f) If the monies or Government Obligations or combination thereof, as the case may be, deposited under clause (a) above are sufficient to
pay the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on and, to the extent provided in such clause (a), Additional Amounts with respect to, such Securities provided such Securities are redeemed on a particular Redemption Date, the
Company shall have given the Trustee irrevocable instructions to redeem such Securities on such date and to provide notice of such redemption to Holders as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture. 

(g) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section 402(4), such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in compliance
with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or limitations which may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith pursuant to Section 301. 

(5) Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be
provided pursuant to Section 301) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee—collectively for purposes of this Section 402(5) and Section 403, the “Trustee”) pursuant to
clause (4)(a) of Section 402 in respect of any Outstanding Securities of any series shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or
through any Paying Agent (other than the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal
(and premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts, if any, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. 

Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Securities, if, after a deposit referred to in Section 402(4)(a) has
been made, (a) the Holder of a Security in respect of which such deposit was made is entitled to, and does, elect pursuant to Section 301 or the terms of such Security to receive payment in a Currency other than that in which the deposit
pursuant to Section 402(4)(a) has been made in respect of such Security, or (b) a Conversion Event occurs in respect of the Foreign Currency in which the deposit pursuant to Section 402(4)(a) has been made, the indebtedness
represented by such Security shall be deemed to have been, and will be, fully discharged and satisfied through the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, such
Security as the same becomes due out of the proceeds yielded by 

  
 26 

 
converting (from time to time as specified below in the case of any such election) the amount or other property deposited in respect of such Security into the Currency in which such Security
becomes payable as a result of such election or Conversion Event based on (x) in the case of payments made pursuant to clause (a) above, the applicable market exchange rate for such Currency in effect on the second Business Day prior to
each payment date, or (y) with respect to a Conversion Event, the applicable market exchange rate for such Foreign Currency in effect (as nearly as feasible) at the time of the Conversion Event. 

The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge, imposed on or assessed against the Government
Obligations deposited pursuant to this Section 402 or the principal or interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of such Outstanding Securities. 

Anything in this Section 402 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon
Company Request any money or Government Obligations (or other property and any proceeds therefrom) held by it as provided in clause (4)(a) of this Section 402 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public
accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to effect a defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, in accordance with this
Section 402. 
 Section 403. Application of Trust Money. Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of
Section 1003, all money and Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 or 402 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment,
either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal, premium, interest and Additional Amounts for whose payment such money
has or Government Obligations have been deposited with or received by the Trustee; but such money and Government Obligations need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. 

Section 404. Reinstatement. If the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee appointed pursuant to Section 402(4)(a)) or any
Paying Agent is unable to apply any moneys or Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 401(1) or 402(4)(a) to pay any principal of or premium, if any, or interest, if any, on or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to the
Securities of the applicable series by reason of any legal proceeding or any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the Company’s obligations under this
Indenture and the Securities of such series shall be revived and reinstated as though no such deposit had occurred, until such time as the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such moneys and Government
Obligations to pay the principal of and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on and Additional Amounts, if any, in respect of the Securities of such series as contemplated by Sections 401 or 402 as the case may be, and Section 403; provided,
however, that if the Company makes any payment of the principal of or premium, if any, or interest if any, on or Additional Amounts, if any, in respect of the Securities of such series following the reinstatement of its obligations as aforesaid, the
Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the funds held by the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) or Paying Agent. 

ARTICLE FIVE 
 REMEDIES

 Section 501. Events of Default. Event of Default”, wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any
series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order,
rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body) unless such event is specifically deleted or modified in or pursuant to the supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officers’ Certificate establishing the terms of such series
pursuant to this Indenture: 

  
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 (1) default in the payment of any interest, if any, on, or any Additional Amounts, if any,
payable in respect of any interest, if any, on, any of the Securities of such series when such interest or such Additional Amounts, as the case may be, become due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or 

(2) default in the payment of any principal of or premium, if any, on, or any Additional Amounts, if any, payable in respect of any principal
of or premium, if any, on, any of the Securities of such series when due (whether at Maturity or otherwise and whether payable in cash or in Common Shares or other securities or property); or 

(3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment or payment under any analogous provision when due with respect to any of the Securities
of such series; or 
 (4) default in the delivery when due of any securities, cash or other property (including, without limitation, any
Common Shares) when required to be delivered upon conversion of any convertible Security of such series or upon the exchange of any Security of such series which is exchangeable for Common Shares or other securities or property (other than an
exchange of Securities of such series for other Securities of the same series); or 
 (5) default in the performance, or breach, of any
covenant or warranty applicable to the Company in this Indenture or any Security of such series (other than a covenant or warranty for which the consequences of breach or nonperformance are addressed elsewhere in this Section 501 or a covenant
or warranty which has expressly been included in this Indenture, whether or not by means of a supplemental indenture, solely for the benefit of Securities of a series other than such series), and continuance of such default or breach (without such
default or breach having been cured or waived in accordance of the provisions of this Indenture) for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by
the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default”
hereunder; or 
 (6) default after the expiration of any applicable grace period in the payment of principal when due, or resulting in
acceleration of, other indebtedness (other than Non-recourse Debt of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary of the Company or indebtedness of any Structured Finance Subsidiary) for borrowed money where the
aggregate principal amount with respect to which the default or acceleration has occurred exceeds $100.0 million and such indebtedness has not been discharged, or such default in payment or acceleration has not been cured or rescinded, prior to
written notice of acceleration of the Outstanding Securities of such series; or 
 (7) failure by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to
pay final judgments entered by a court or courts of competent jurisdiction aggregating in excess of $100.0 million, which judgments are not paid, discharged or stayed for a period of 30 days after such judgments become final and nonappealable;
or 
 (8) the Company pursuant to or under or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law: 

(i) commences a voluntary case or proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to it or its debts or seeking the
appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of it or any substantial part of its property; or 
 (ii)
consents to any such relief or to the appointment of or taking possession by any such official in an involuntary case or other proceeding commenced against it; or 

(iii) consents to the appointment of a custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property; or 

(iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; or 

  
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 (9) an involuntary case or other proceeding shall be commenced against the Company seeking
liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to it or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar
official of it or any substantial part of its property, and such involuntary case or other proceeding shall remain undismissed and unstayed for a period of 60 days; or 

(10) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that: 

(i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding; or 

(ii) appoints a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of the Company or any substantial part of their respective
properties; or 
 (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company; 

and, in each case in this clause (11), the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 days; or 

(11) any other Event of Default provided in or pursuant to this Indenture with respect to Securities of such series. 

Section 502. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default
specified in clauses (8), (9) or (10) of Section 501 with respect to the Company) occurs and is continuing with respect to Securities of any series, then either the Trustee may, or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series may, declare the principal of all the Securities of such series, or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the Securities of such series, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to
be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by the Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal or such lesser amount, as the case may be, and such accrued and unpaid interest shall
become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (8), (9) or (10) of Section 501 with respect to the Company occurs with respect to the Securities of any series, then the principal of all of the Securities of
such series, or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the Securities of such series, and accrued an unpaid interest, if any, thereon shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act
on the part of the Trustee or any Holder of the Securities of such series. For purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that references in this Indenture to an Event of Default specified in clauses (8), (9) or (10) of Section 501 with
respect to the Company shall not include any Event of Default specified in clauses (8), (9) or (10) of Section 501 with respect to any Significant Subsidiary of the Company. 

At any time after Securities of any series have been accelerated (whether by declaration of the Trustee or the Holders or automatically) and
before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, by
written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if 
 (1) the Company has paid or
deposited with the Trustee a sum of money sufficient to pay (or, to the extent that the terms of the Securities of such series established pursuant to Section 301 expressly provide for payment to be made in Common Shares or other securities or
property, Common Shares or other securities or property, together with cash in lieu of fractional shares or securities to the extent required pursuant to the terms of such Securities, sufficient to pay) 

(a) all overdue installments of any interest on any Securities of such series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of
acceleration and any Additional Amounts with respect thereto, 
 (b) the principal of and any premium on any Securities of such series which
have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and any Additional Amounts with respect thereto and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, interest thereon at the rate or respective rates, as the case may be, provided for in
or with respect to such Securities, or, if no such rate or rates are so provided, at the rate or respective rates, as the case may be, of interest borne by such Securities, 

  
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 (c) to the extent permitted by applicable law, interest upon installments of any interest,
if any, which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and any Additional Amounts with respect thereto at the rate or respective rates, as the case may be, provided for in or with respect to such Securities, or, if no such
rate or rates are so provided, at the rate or respective rates, as the case may be, of interest borne by such Securities, and 
 (d) all sums
paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the compensation, fees and expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Trustee under Section 606; and 

(2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of such series other than the non-payment of the
principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities of such series which shall have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, shall have been cured or waived as provided in Section 513.

 No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon. 

Section 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. The Company covenants that if: 

(1) default is made in the payment of any interest on, or any Additional Amounts payable in respect of any interest on, any Security when such
interest or Additional Amounts, as the case may be, shall have become due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or 

(2) default is made in the payment of any principal of or premium, if any, on, or any Additional Amounts payable in respect of any principal of
or premium, if any, on, any Security at its Maturity, or 
 (3) default is made in the deposit of any sinking fund payment when due, 

the Company shall, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount of money then due and
payable with respect to such Securities, with interest upon the overdue principal, any premium and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, upon any overdue installments of interest and Additional Amounts at the rate or respective rates, as the
case may be, provided for or with respect to such Securities or, if no such rate or rates are so provided, at the rate or respective rates, as the case may be, of interest borne by such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount of
money as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and all other amounts due to the Trustee under Section 606. 

If the Company fails to pay the money it is required to pay the Trustee pursuant to the preceding paragraph forthwith upon the demand of the
Trustee, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the money so due and unpaid, and may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce the same
against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the monies adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.

 If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to
protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement
of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or such Securities or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein or therein, or to enforce any other proper remedy. 

Section 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation,
bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee
(irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of any
overdue principal, premium, interest or Additional Amounts) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, 

  
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 (1) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount, or such lesser amount as may be provided
for in the Securities of such series, of the principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the
claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents or counsel) and of the Holders of Securities allowed in such judicial proceeding, and 

(2) to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; 

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by
each Holder of Securities to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders of Securities, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the compensation,
fees and expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 606. 

Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder of a
Security any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder of a Security in any such proceeding.

 Section 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims without Possession of Securities. All rights of action and claims under this
Indenture or any of the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be
brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery or judgment, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, shall be for the
ratable benefit of each and every Holder of a Security in respect of which such judgment has been recovered. 
 Section 506.
Application of Money Collected. Any money or property collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article with respect to the Securities of any series shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in
case of the distribution of such money on account of principal, or any premium, interest or Additional Amounts, upon presentation of such Securities, and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully
paid: 
 FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under this Indenture; 

SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon the Securities for principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts
in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money or property has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the aggregate amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium,
interest and Additional Amounts; 
 THIRD: The balance, if any, to the Company. 

Section 507. Limitations on Suits. No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute any proceeding,
judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless 

(1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such
series; 

  
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 (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of such series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder; 

(3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, fees and expenses
and liabilities which might be incurred in compliance with such request; 
 (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice,
request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and 
 (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request
has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series; it being understood and intended that no one or more of
such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture or any Security to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other such Holders or Holders of Securities of any other
series, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders. 

Section 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts.
Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of, any premium, if any, and (subject to Sections 305 and 307) interest,
if any, on and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Security, on the respective Stated Maturity or Maturities therefor specified in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment pursuant to
Article Thirteen hereof at the option of such Holder if provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, on the date such repayment is due) and, in the case of any Security which is convertible into or exchangeable for other securities or property, to
convert or exchange, as the case may be, such Security in accordance with its terms, and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and any such right to convert or exchange, and such right shall not be impaired without the consent of
such Holder. 
 Section 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder of a Security has instituted
any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case the Company, the
Trustee and each such Holder shall, subject to any determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder, and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and each such Holder shall
continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted. 
 Section 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative. To the extent
permitted by applicable law and except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or
reserved to the Trustee or to each and every Holder of a Security is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy, to the extent permitted by law, shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right and
remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or
employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. 
 Section 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission of
the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall, to the extent permitted by applicable law, impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or
an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to any Holder of a Security may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by
the Trustee or by such Holder, as the case may be. 
 Section 512. Control by Holders of Securities. The Holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power
conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series, provided that 

  
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 (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture or
with the Securities of any such series, 
 (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent
with such direction, and 
 (3) such direction is not unduly prejudicial to the rights of the other Holders of Securities of such series not
joining in such action. 
 Section 513. Waiver of Past Defaults. The Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series may waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except 

(1) a default in the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security of such
series, or 
 (2) in the case of any Securities which are convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares or other securities or property,
a default in any such conversion or exchange, or 
 (3) a default in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article Nine
cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected. 
 Upon any such
waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right
consequent thereon. 
 Section 514. Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws. The Company covenants that (to the extent that
it may lawfully do so) it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law or any usury law or any other law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter
in force, which would prohibit or forgive the Company from paying all or any portion of the principal of or premium, if any, or interest, if any, on or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to any Securities as contemplated herein and therein or
which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not hinder, delay
or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee or the Holders, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted. 

Section 515. Undertaking for Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance
thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it
as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of any undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements, against any
party litigant in such suit having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section 515 shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit
instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or
premium, if any) or interest, if any, on or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to any Security on or after the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date, and, in the
case of repayment at the option of the Holder pursuant to Article Thirteen hereof, on or after the date for repayment) or for the enforcement of the right, if any, to convert or exchange any Security into Common Shares or other securities in
accordance with its terms. 

  
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 ARTICLE SIX 

THE TRUSTEE 
 Section 601. Certain
Duties and Rights of Trustee. 
 (1) Duties of the Trustee. Subject to Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of the Trust Indenture Act: 

(a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this
Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of such person’s own affairs. 

(i) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default: 

(a) the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no implied
covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and 
 (b) in the absence of bad faith or negligence on its
part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture;
provided, however, that the Trustee will examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether they conform to the requirements set forth in this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of any mathematical
calculations or other facts, statements, opinions or conclusions stated therein). 
 (b) The Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for
its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that: 
  

	 	(1)	 this sub-section (b) does not limit the effect of the
remainder of this Section 601; 

  

	 	(2)	 the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Trust Officer unless it is
proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and 

  

	 	(3)	 the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in
accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 512 hereof, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture absent negligence or willful misconduct. 

(2) Rights of the Trustee: 
 (a)
the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon or other paper or
document reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties; 
 (b) any request or
direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or a Company Order (in each case, other than delivery of any Security to the Trustee for authentication and delivery pursuant to Section 303 which
shall be sufficiently evidenced as provided therein) and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution; 

  
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 (c) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable
that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence shall be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers’
Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel, or both; 
 (d) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of
Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon; 

(e) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by or pursuant to this Indenture at the
request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities of any series pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, fees and expenses and
liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction; 
 (f) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any
investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, coupon or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its
discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine, during business hours and
upon reasonable notice, the books, records and premises of the Company, Personally or by agent or attorney; 
 (g) the Trustee may execute
any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with
due care by it hereunder; 
 (h) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee for any series of the Securities to expend or risk
its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate
indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee
shall be subject to the provisions of this Section; 
 (i) The Trustee shall not be responsible or liable for punitive, special, indirect, or
consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of actions; 

(j) The Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the execution of the trusts and powers under this Indenture;

 (k) Any permissive right of the Trustee to take or refrain from taking actions enumerated in this Indenture shall not be construed as a
duty; and 
 (l) The rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including its right to be indemnified,
are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian and other Person employed to act hereunder. 

Section 602. Notice of Defaults. Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default hereunder actually known to a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders of Securities of such series entitled to receive reports pursuant to Section 703(3), notice of such default hereunder, unless
such default shall have been cured or waived; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any), or interest, if any, on, or Additional Amounts or any sinking fund
installment with respect to, any Security of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of
the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Holders of Securities of such series; and provided, further, that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section 501(5)
or 501(11) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term “default” means any event which is, or after
notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series. 

  
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 Section 603. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities. The
recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility for their
correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities, except that the Trustee represents that it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture, authenticate the
Securities and perform its obligations hereunder and that the statements made by it in a Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 supplied to the Company are true and accurate, subject to the qualifications set
forth therein. Neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the Company of the Securities or the proceeds thereof. 

Section 604. May Hold Securities. The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any
other Person that may be an agent of the Trustee or the Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 310(b) and 311 of the Trust Indenture Act, may otherwise deal with the
Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other Person. 

Section 605. Money Held in Trust. Except as provided in Section 403 and Section 1003, money held by the Trustee in
trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law and shall be held uninvested. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed in
writing with the Company. 
 Section 606. Compensation and Reimbursement. The Company agrees: 

(1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for all services rendered by the Trustee hereunder (which compensation
shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust); 
 (2) except as otherwise
expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation
and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to the Trustee’s negligence or willful misconduct; and 

(3) to indemnify the Trustee and its agents for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss, liability or reasonable expense (including,
without limitation, the reasonable fees and disbursements of the Trustee’s agents, legal counsel, accountants and experts) incurred without negligence or bad faith on their part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or
administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending themselves against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of their powers or duties hereunder, except to
the extent that any such loss, liability or expense was due to the Trustee’s negligence or willful misconduct. 
 As security for the
performance of the obligations of the Company under this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any series upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the payment of
principal of, or premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities. 
 Any compensation or expense incurred by the
Trustee after a default specified by Section 501(8), (9) or (10) is intended to constitute an expense of administration under any then applicable bankruptcy or insolvency law. “Trustee” for purposes of this Section 606 shall
include any predecessor Trustee but the negligence or willful misconduct of any Trustee shall not affect the rights of any other Trustee under this Section 606. The provisions of this Section 606 shall, to the extent permitted by law,
survive any termination of this Indenture (including, without limitation, termination pursuant to any Bankruptcy Laws) and the resignation or removal of the Trustee. 

  
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 Section 607. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility. There shall at all
times be a Trustee hereunder that is a Corporation, organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, eligible under Section 310(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act to act
as trustee under an indenture qualified under the Trust Indenture Act and that has a combined capital and surplus (computed in accordance with Section 310(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act) of at least $50,000,000 subject to supervision or
examination by Federal or state authority. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

 Section 608. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor. 

(1) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until
the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee pursuant to Section 609. 
 (2) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect
to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 609 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving
of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to such series. 

(3) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and the Company. 
 (4) If at any time: 

(a) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the obligations imposed upon it under Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to
Securities of any series after written request therefor by the Company or any Holder of a Security of such series who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months, or 

(b) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 607 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or any
such Holder, or 
 (c) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee
or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case, (i) the Company, by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution, may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities or the Securities of such series, or (ii) subject to Section 315(e) of the Trust Indenture Act, any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder
of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities of such series and the
appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees. 
 (5) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy
shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of
that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any
particular series) and shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 609. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of
any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so

  
 37 

 
appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 609, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders of Securities and accepted
appointment in the manner required by Section 609, any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of
competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. 
 (6) The Company shall
give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series by mailing written notice of such event by
first-class mail, postage prepaid, to the Holders of Securities of such series as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series
and the address of its Corporate Trust Office. 
 Section 609. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. 

(1) Upon the appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute,
acknowledge and deliver to the Company and the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act,
deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties hereunder of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or such successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee, upon payment of its charges, shall execute
and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and, subject to Section 1003, shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money
held by such retiring Trustee hereunder, subject nevertheless to its claim, if any, provided for in Section 606. 
 (2) Upon the
appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and such successor Trustee shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each
successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, such successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the
retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as
shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be
vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood
that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart
from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any notice given to, or received by, or any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder, and, upon the
execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights
and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates other than as hereinafter
expressly set forth, and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which
the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or such successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee, upon payment of its charges with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
successor relates and subject to Section 1003 shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with
respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, subject to its claim, if any, provided for in Section 606. 

  
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 (3) Upon request of any Person appointed hereunder as a successor Trustee, the Company shall
execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (1) or (2) of this Section, as the case may be. 

(4) No Person shall accept its appointment hereunder as a successor Trustee unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Person shall
be qualified and eligible under this Article. 
 Section 610. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.
Any Corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any Corporation succeeding to
all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder (provided that such Corporation shall otherwise be qualified and eligible under this Article), without the execution or filing
of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated but not delivered by the Trustee then in office, any such successor to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities. In case any Securities shall not have been authenticated by such predecessor Trustee, any such
successor Trustee may authenticate and deliver such Securities in either its own name or that of its predecessor Trustee. 

Section 611. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. If and when the Trustee shall be or become a
creditor of the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against the Company (or any such other obligor). 

Section 612. Appointment of Authenticating Agent. The Trustee may appoint one or more Authenticating Agents acceptable to the
Company with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of that or those series issued upon original issue, exchange, registration of transfer, partial redemption,
partial repayment, partial conversion or exchange for Common Shares or other securities or property, or pursuant to Section 306, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and
obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such
reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. 

Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and, except as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, shall at all times be a
Corporation that would be permitted by the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee under an indenture qualified under the Trust Indenture Act, is authorized under applicable law and by its charter to act as an Authenticating Agent and has a combined
capital and surplus (computed in accordance with Section 310(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act) of at least $50,000,000. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it
shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section. 
 Any Corporation into which an Authenticating Agent
may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any Corporation succeeding to all or substantially all
of the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall be the successor of such Authenticating Agent hereunder, provided such Corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing
of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent. 
 An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by
giving written notice thereof to the Trustee and the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable
to 

  
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the Company and shall mail written notice of such appointment by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent
shall serve, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder,
with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section. 

The Company agrees to pay each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section. If the
Trustee makes such payments, it shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions of Section 606. 
 The
provisions of Sections 308, 603 and 604 shall be applicable to each Authenticating Agent. 
 If an Authenticating Agent is appointed with
respect to one or more series of Securities pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in addition to or in lieu of the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication
in substantially the following form: 
 This is one of the Securities of the series designated herein referred to in the within-mentioned
Indenture. 
  

			
	 [Name of Authenticating Agent],

as Authenticating Agent

		
	By:	 	          

		 	As Authenticating Agent
		
	By:	 	          

		 	Authorized Signatory

 If all of the Securities of any series may not be originally issued at one time, and if the Trustee does
not have an office capable of authenticating Securities upon original issuance located in a Place of Payment where the Company wishes to have Securities of such series authenticated upon original issuance, the Trustee, if so requested in writing
(which writing need not be accompanied by or contained in an Officers’ Certificate of the Company), shall appoint in accordance with this Section an Authenticating Agent having an office in a Place of Payment designated by the Company with
respect to such series of Securities. 
 ARTICLE SEVEN 

HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY 

Section 701. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders. In accordance with Section 312(a) of the Trust
Indenture Act, the Company shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee 
 (1) semi-annually with respect to Securities of each
series not later than 15 days after each Regular Record Date or upon such other dates as are set forth in or pursuant to the Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto authorizing such series, a list, in each case in such form as the Trustee
may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders as of the applicable date, and 
 (2) at such other times as the Trustee may
request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished, provided, however, that so long as
the Trustee is the Security Registrar no such list shall be required to be furnished. 

  
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 Section 702. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders. The
Trustee shall comply with the obligations imposed upon it pursuant to Section 312 of the Trust Indenture Act. 
 Every Holder of
Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that none of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or any Security Registrar shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as
to the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities in accordance with Section 312(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, regardless of the source from which such information was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason
of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. 
 Section 703. Reports by Trustee.

 (1) Within 60 days after May 15 of each year commencing with the first May 15 following the first issuance of Securities
pursuant to Section 301, if required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall transmit, pursuant to Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, a brief report dated as of such May 15 with respect to any of
the events specified in said Sections 313(a) and 313(b)(2) which may have occurred since the later of the immediately preceding May 15 and the date of this Indenture. 

(2) The Trustee shall transmit the reports required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act at the times specified therein. 

(3) Reports pursuant to this Section shall be transmitted in the manner and to the Persons required by Sections 313(c) and 313(d) of the
Trust Indenture Act. 
 Section 704. Reports by Company. The Company, pursuant to Section 314(a) of the Trust
Indenture Act, shall: 
 (1) deliver to the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company files the same with the Commission, copies of the
annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with the
Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; or, if the Company is not required to file information, documents or reports pursuant to either of said Sections, then it shall deliver to the Trustee and file with
the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports which may be required pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act
in respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations; 

(2) deliver to the Trustee and file with the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
Commission, such additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and regulations; and 

(3) transmit within 30 days after the delivery thereof with the Trustee, in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the
Trust Indenture Act, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Section as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
Commission. 
 ARTICLE EIGHT 

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALES 

Section 801. Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms. The Company shall not, in any transaction or series of
related transactions, consolidate with, or sell, lease or convey all or substantially all of its property and assets to, or merge with or into, any Person unless: 

  
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 (1) either (A) the Company shall be the continuing Person (in the case of a merger) or
(B) the successor Person (if other than the Company) formed by or resulting from the consolidation or merger or which shall have received the transfer of assets shall be an entity organized and existing under the laws of the United States of
America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly assume the due and punctual payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, all Securities
Outstanding under this Indenture and the due and punctual performance and observance of all covenants and conditions in such Outstanding Securities and this Indenture to be performed or satisfied by the Company (including, without limitation, the
obligation to convert or exchange any Securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for other securities or property in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture) by a supplemental indenture; 

(2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would
become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and 
 (3) either the Company or the successor Person shall have delivered
to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, sale, assignment, transfer, lease or other conveyance and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such
transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with. 

Section 802. Successor Person Substituted for Company. In the case of any such consolidation, sale, lease, conveyance or
merger in which the Company is not the continuing entity and upon execution and delivery by the successor Person of the supplemental indenture described in Section 801, such successor Person shall succeed to, and be substituted for, the Company
and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein, and the predecessor Company shall be automatically released and discharged from all
obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities. 
 ARTICLE NINE 

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 

Section 901. Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders. Without the consent of any Holders of Securities, the
Company (when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution) and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto for any of the following purposes: 

(1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company
contained herein and in the Securities; or 
 (2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series
of Securities (as shall be specified in such supplemental indenture or indentures) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company with respect to all or any series of Securities issued under this Indenture (as shall be
specified in such supplemental indenture or indentures); or 
 (3) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to change or
eliminate any restrictions on the payment of principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated or global form, provided any such
action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series then Outstanding; or 
 (4) to establish the form
or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by Sections 201 and 301, including, without limitation, any conversion or exchange provisions applicable to Securities which are convertible into or exchangeable for other securities or property, and
to make any deletions from or additions or changes to this Indenture in connection with any matters referred to in this clause (4) (provided that any such deletions, additions and changes shall not be applicable to any other series of Securities
then Outstanding); or 

  
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 (5) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee,
pursuant to the requirements of Section 609; or 
 (6) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision herein which may
be defective or which may be inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture which shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities
of any series then Outstanding in any material respect; or 
 (7) to add any additional Events of Default with respect to all or any series
of Securities (as shall be specified in such supplemental indenture); or 
 (8) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such
extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance, covenant defeasance and/or satisfaction and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Article Four, provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests
of any Holder of a Security of such series and or any other Security in any material respect; or 
 (9) to add guarantees or guarantors in
respect of all or any Securities under this Indenture, and to evidence the release and discharge of any guarantor from its obligations under its guarantee of any or all Securities and its obligations under this Indenture in respect of any or all
Securities in accordance with the terms of this Indenture; or 
 (10) to secure or, if applicable, to provide additional security for all or
any Securities issued under this Indenture and all or any guarantees, if any, of all or any such Securities and to provide for any and all matters relating thereto, and to provide for the release of any collateral as security for all or any
Securities or all or any guarantees, if any, of all or any Securities in accordance with the terms of this Indenture; or 
 (11) to make any
change in this Indenture or any Securities to conform the terms thereof to the terms reflected in any prospectus, prospectus supplement, offering memorandum or similar offering document used in connection with the initial offering or sale of any
Securities; or 
 (12) in the case of any series of Securities which are convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares or other
securities or property, to safeguard or provide for the conversion or exchange rights, as the case may be, of such Securities in the event of any reclassification or change of outstanding Common Shares (or any other securities of the Company into
which such Securities are convertible or for which such Securities are exchangeable), or in the event of any merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or combination of the Company with or into another Person or any sale, lease, assignment,
transfer, disposition or other conveyance of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company to any other Person or other similar transactions, if expressly required by the terms of such series of Securities established pursuant
to Section 301; or 
 (13) to amend or supplement any provision contained herein, in any supplemental indenture or in any Securities
(which amendment or supplement may apply to one or more series of Securities or to one or more Securities within any series as specified in such supplemental indenture), provided that such amendment or supplement does not apply to any
Outstanding Security issued prior to the date of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefits of such provision. 

Section 902. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders. With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company (when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution) and the
Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of the Securities of such series or of modifying in
any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, that no such supplemental indenture, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, shall 

  
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 (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or premium, if any, or any installment
of interest, if any, on, or any Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or the premium, if any, thereon or the rate (or modify the calculation of such rate) of interest thereon, or reduce the
amount payable upon redemption thereof, whether such redemption is mandatory or at the option of the Company, or upon repayment thereof at the option of the Holder, or reduce any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, or change the
obligation of the Company to pay Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 1004 (except as contemplated by Section 801(1) and permitted by Section 901(1)), or reduce the amount of the principal of any Original Issue Discount Security
that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502 or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 504, or adversely affect the right of repayment at the option
of any Holder as contemplated by Article Thirteen, or change the Place of Payment where or the Currency in which the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security is payable, or impair the right to
institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment pursuant to Article Thirteen at the option of the Holder, on
or after the date for repayment) in each case as such Stated Maturity, Redemption Date or date for repayment may, if applicable, be extended in accordance with the terms of such Security, or in the case of any Security which is convertible into or
exchangeable for other securities or property, impair the right to institute suit to enforce the right to convert or exchange such Security in accordance with its terms, or 

(2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any
such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in Section 513 or 1006 of this
Indenture, or 
 (3) make any change that adversely affects the right, if any, to convert or exchange any Security for Common Shares or other
securities or property in accordance with its terms, or 
 (4) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 513 or
Section 1006, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby. 

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which shall have been included solely
for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture
of the Holders of Securities of any other series. 
 Anything in this Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding, if more than one series of
Securities is Outstanding, the Company shall be entitled to enter into a supplemental indenture under this Section 902 with respect to any one or more series of Outstanding Securities without entering into a supplemental indenture with respect
to any other series of Outstanding Securities. 
 It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders of Securities under this Section to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof. 

Section 903. Execution of Supplemental Indentures. As a condition to executing, or accepting the additional trusts created
by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trust created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of the Trust Indenture Act) shall
be fully protected in relying upon, an Officers’ Certificate and Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture and that such supplemental indenture has been duly
authorized, executed and delivered by, and is a valid, binding and enforceable obligation of, the Company, subject to customary exceptions. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the
Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. 

  
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 Section 904. Effect of Supplemental Indentures. Upon the execution of any
supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of a Security theretofore or thereafter
authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby. 
 Section 905. Reference in Securities to Supplemental
Indentures. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any
matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and
executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series. 

Section 906. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act. Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect. 
 ARTICLE TEN 

COVENANTS 

Section 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts. The Company covenants and agrees for the
benefit of the Holders of the Securities of each series that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of, any premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of such series, whether payable in cash, Common
Shares or other securities or property, in accordance with the terms thereof and this Indenture. 
 Section 1002. Maintenance
of Office or Agency. The Company shall maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an Office or Agency where Securities of such series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of such series may be
surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities of such series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the
Securities of such series relating thereto and this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such Office or Agency. If at any time the Company shall fail
to maintain any such required Office or Agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations and surrenders may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee; provided, however, the Trustee shall
not be deemed an agent of the Company for service of process. 
 The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other Offices
or Agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in
any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain an Office or Agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or
rescission and of any change in the location of any such other Office or Agency. 
 Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture (including, without limitation, pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of any series), the Company hereby designates the place where the Trustee shall from time to time maintain its Corporate Trust Office as the
Company’s Office or Agency for such purpose and initially appoints the Trustee as the Security Registrar for each series of Securities and, if the Securities of any series are convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares or other
securities or property, initially appoints the Trustee as conversion or exchange agent, as the case may be, for the Securities of such series. The Company may subsequently appoint a different or additional Office or Agency and, as provided in
Section 305, may remove and replace from time to time the Security Registrar. 

  
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 Section 1003. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in
Trust. If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities, it shall, on or before each due date of the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to any of
the Securities of such series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum in the Currency or Currencies in which the Securities of such series are payable sufficient to pay the principal, any premium, interest
and Additional Amounts, as the case may be, so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided, and shall promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. 

Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it shall, on or prior to each due date of the
principal of, or any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Securities of such series, deposit with any Paying Agent a sum (in the Currency or Currencies described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay the
principal, premium, interest and Additional Amounts, as the case may be, so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify
the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. 
 The Company shall cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities other than the
Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent shall: 

(1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to
Securities of such series in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture; 

(2) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of such series) in the making of any
payment of principal, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of such series; and 
 (3) at any
time during the continuance of any such default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent. 

To the extent that the terms of any Securities established pursuant to Section 301 provide that any principal of, or premium or interest, if any, on or
any Additional Amounts with respect to any such Securities is or may be payable in Common Shares or other securities or property, then the provisions of this Section 1003 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to such Common Shares or
other securities or property. 
 The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms as those upon which such sums were
held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such sums. 

Subject to any applicable abandoned property laws and except as otherwise provided herein or pursuant hereto, any money deposited with the
Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years after such
principal or such premium or interest or Additional Amount shall have become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall
thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon
cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may, not later than 30 days after the Company’s request for such repayment, at the expense of the Company cause to
be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper in each Place of Payment for such series or to be mailed to Holders of Securities of such series, or both, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall
not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication or mailing nor shall it be earlier than two years after such principal and any premium or interest or Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable, any unclaimed balance of such
money then remaining will be repaid to the Company. 

  
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 Section 1004. Additional Amounts. If any Securities of a series provide for
the payment of Additional Amounts by the Company, the Company agrees to pay to the Holder of any such Security Additional Amounts as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or such Securities. Whenever in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any
context, the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on, or in respect of, any Security of any series, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional Amounts provided by the terms of such series
established hereby or pursuant hereto to the extent that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in respect thereof pursuant to such terms, and express mention of the payment of Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any
provision hereof shall not be construed as excluding Additional Amounts in those provisions hereof where such express mention is not made. 

Section 1005. Legal Existence. Subject to Article Eight, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to
preserve and keep in full force and effect its legal existence as any type of Corporation (it being understood that nothing in this Section 1005 shall prohibit the Company from changing its legal form from one type of Corporation to another
type of Corporation). 
 Section 1006. Waiver of Certain Covenants. The Company may omit in any particular instance to
comply with any term, provision or condition set forth in Sections 801, 802, 1002, 1003 or 1005 with respect to the Securities of any series and, if expressly provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of such series, any
additional covenants applicable to the Securities of such series if before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, by Act of such Holders, either shall waive
such compliance in such instance or generally shall have waived compliance with such term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until
such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect. 

Section 1007. Company Statement as to Compliance. The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of
each fiscal year, a written statement (which need not be contained in or accompanied by an Officers’ Certificate) signed by the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer or the principal accounting officer of the Company,
stating whether or not, to the best of his or her knowledge, the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to notice requirements or periods of grace) and
if the Company shall be in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of which he or she may have knowledge. 

Section 1008. Calculation of Original Issue Discount. 

The Company shall deliver to the Trustee promptly at the end of each calendar year (i) a written notice specifying the amount of original
issue discount (including daily rates and accrual periods) accrued on Outstanding Securities as of the end of such year and (ii) such other specific information relating to such original issue discount as may then be relevant under the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. 
 ARTICLE ELEVEN 

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES 

Section 1101. Applicability of Article. Redemption of Securities of any series at the option of the Company as permitted or
required by the terms of such Securities shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise provided herein or pursuant hereto) this Article. 

Section 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced
by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of less than all of the Securities of any series, the Company shall, at least 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter
notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and, in the event that the Company shall determine that the Securities of any series to
be redeemed shall be selected from Securities of such series having the same issue date, interest rate or interest rate formula, Stated Maturity and other terms (the “Equivalent Terms”), the Company shall notify the Trustee of such
Equivalent Terms. 

  
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 In the case of any redemption of Securities (A) prior to the expiration of any
restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture or (B) pursuant to an election of the Company which is subject to a condition specified in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this
Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction or condition. 

Section 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed. If less than all of the Securities of any
series are to be redeemed or if less than all of the Securities of any series with Equivalent Terms are to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee from
the Outstanding Securities of such series or from the Outstanding Securities of such series with Equivalent Terms, as the case may be, not previously called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may
provide for the selection for redemption of portions of the principal amount of Securities of such series; provided, however, that no such partial redemption shall reduce the portion of the principal amount of a Security of such series
not redeemed to less than the minimum denomination for a Security of such series established herein or pursuant hereto. 
 The Trustee shall
promptly notify the Company and the Security Registrar (if other than itself) in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. 

For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall
relate, in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed. 

Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities of any series or in a notice of redemption, if any Security
selected for partial redemption is converted or exchanged for Common Shares or other securities or property in part before termination of the conversion or exchange right with respect to the portion of the Security so selected, the converted or
exchanged portion of such Security shall be deemed (so far as may be) to be the portion selected for redemption. Securities which have been converted or exchanged during a selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated by the Trustee as
Outstanding for the purpose of such selection. 
 Section 1104. Notice of Redemption. Notice of redemption shall be given
in the manner provided in Section 106, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed, to the Holders of Securities to be redeemed. Failure to give
notice by mailing in the manner herein provided to the Holder of any Securities designated for redemption as a whole or in part, or any defect in the notice to any such Holder, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of
any other Securities or portions thereof. 
 Any notice that is mailed to the Holder of any Securities in the manner herein provided shall
be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not such Holder receives the notice. 
 All notices of redemption shall state:

 (1) the Redemption Date, 

(2) the Redemption Price or, if applicable, the manner in which the Redemption Price will be determined, 

(3) if less than all Outstanding Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the
principal amount) of the particular Security or Securities to be redeemed, 

  
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 (4) that, in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, on and after the Redemption
Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder of such Security will receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed, 

(5) that, on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price shall become due and payable upon each such Security or portion thereof to be redeemed,
(subject, if applicable, to the provisos to the first paragraph of Section 1106), and, if applicable, that interest thereon shall cease to accrue on and after said date, 

(6) the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price, 

(7) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case, 

(8) in the case of Securities of any series that are convertible or exchangeable into Common Shares or other securities or property, the then
current conversion or exchange price or rate, the date or dates on which the right to convert or exchange the principal of the Securities of such series to be redeemed will commence or terminate, as applicable, and the place or places where and the
Persons to whom such Securities may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, 
 (9) the CUSIP number of such Securities, if any, and 

(10) if the Redemption Price or any portion thereof shall be payable, at the option of the Company, in cash or in Common Shares or other
securities or property (or a combination thereof), a statement as to whether the Company has elected to pay the Redemption Price in cash or Common Shares or other securities or property or a combination thereof and, if applicable, the portion of the
Redemption Price that is to be paid in cash, Common Shares or other securities or property. 
 A notice of redemption published as
contemplated by Section 106 need not identify particular Securities to be redeemed. 
 Notice of redemption of Securities to be
redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company, so long as the above information is provided to the Trustee at the time the notice
is given to the Trustee pursuant to Section 1102. 
 Section 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price. On or prior to any
Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit, with respect to the Securities of any series called for redemption pursuant to Section 1104, with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate
and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of money in the applicable Currency or, if the Redemption Price shall be payable in cash, securities and/or other property, an amount of money in the applicable Currency, securities
and/or other property, as the case may be, sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of all such Securities or portions thereof which are to be redeemed on that date, except that, if the Securities of such series are convertible or exchangeable into
Common Shares or other securities or property, no such deposit shall be required (unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of such series) with respect to any such Securities (or portions thereof) which
have been converted or exchanged prior to such Redemption Date. 
 Section 1106. Securities Payable on Redemption Date.
Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed (except, in the case of Securities which are convertible or exchangeable into Common Shares or other securities or property, any such Securities which shall have
been so converted or exchanged prior to the applicable Redemption Date) shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of
the Redemption Price) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price; provided,
however, that, except as otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities of such series, installments of interest on Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders
of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the Regular Record Dates therefor according to their terms and the provisions of Section 307. 

  
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 If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for
redemption, the principal and any premium, until paid, shall bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the Security or, if no rate is prescribed therefor in the Security, at the rate of interest, if any, borne by such
Security. 
 Section 1107. Securities Redeemed in Part. Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be
surrendered at any Office or Agency for such Security (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof
or his attorney duly authorized in writing) and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series, containing identical
terms and provisions, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered. If a Security in global form is so
surrendered, the Company shall, if so requested by the Trustee, execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Depository for such Security in global form as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the
Trustee, without service charge, a new Security in global form in a denomination equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security in global form so surrendered. 

ARTICLE TWELVE 
 SINKING
FUNDS 
 Section 1201. Applicability of Article. The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund
for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise permitted or required in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security of such series issued pursuant to this Indenture. 

The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a
“mandatory sinking fund payment”, and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment”. If provided for by the terms
of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the
terms of Securities of such series and this Indenture. 
 Section 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with
Securities. The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver Outstanding Securities of such series
(other than any of such Securities previously called for redemption or any of such Securities in respect of which cash shall have been released to the Company), and (2) apply as a credit Securities of such series which have been redeemed either
at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such series of Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously
so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall
be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities of any series in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 1202, the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the
aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such series for redemption, except upon Company Request, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next
succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall at the request of the Company from time to time pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent
upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment requested to be released to the Company. 

  
 50 

 Section 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. Not less than 75
days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to
the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that series pursuant to Section 1202, and
the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so credited and not theretofore delivered. If such Officers’ Certificate shall
specify an optional amount to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 60 days before each such sinking fund payment date the
Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner
provided in Section 1104. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 1106 and 1107. 

ARTICLE THIRTEEN 

REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS 

Section 1301. Applicability of Article. Securities of any series which are repayable at the option of the Holders thereof
before their Stated Maturity shall be repaid in accordance with the terms of the Securities of such series. The repayment of any principal amount of Securities pursuant to such option of the Holder to require repayment of Securities before their
Stated Maturity, for purposes of Section 309, shall not operate as a payment, redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the Company, at its option, shall deliver or surrender the same to the
Trustee with a directive that such Securities be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 1301, in connection with any repayment of Securities, the Company may arrange for the purchase of any Securities by
an agreement with one or more investment bankers or other purchasers to purchase such Securities by paying to the Holders of such Securities on or before the applicable repayment date an amount not less than the repayment price payable by the
Company on repayment of such Securities, and the obligation of the Company to pay the repayment price of such Securities shall be satisfied and discharged to the extent such payment is so paid by such purchasers. 

Unless otherwise expressly stated in this Indenture or pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of any series or unless the
context otherwise requires, all references in this Indenture to the repayment of Securities at the option of the Holders thereof (and all references of like import) shall be deemed to include a reference to the repurchase or redemption of Securities
at the option of the Holders thereof. 
 ARTICLE FOURTEEN 

SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES 

Section 1401. Applicability of Article. Whenever this Indenture provides for (i) any action by, or the determination of
any of the rights of, Holders of Securities of any series in which not all of such Securities are denominated in the same Currency or (ii) any distribution to Holders of Securities of any series in which not all of such Securities are
denominated in the same Currency, in the absence of any provision to the contrary in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities of such series, any amount in respect of any Security denominated in a Currency other than Dollars shall be treated
for any such action, determination or distribution as that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount on such reasonable basis of exchange and as of the record date with respect to Securities of such series (if any) for such action,
determination or distribution (or, if there shall be no applicable record date, such other date reasonably proximate to the date of such distribution) as the Company may specify in a written notice to the Trustee. 

  
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 ARTICLE FIFTEEN 

SECURITY 

Section 1501. Security. If so provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of any series, the
Securities of such series may be secured by such property, assets or other collateral as may be specified in or pursuant to Section 301. Any and all terms and provisions applicable to the security for the Securities of such series shall also be
provided in or pursuant to Section 301, which may include, without limitation, provisions for the execution and delivery of such security agreements, pledge agreements, collateral agreements and other similar or related agreements as the
Company may elect and which may provide for the Trustee to act as collateral agent or in a similar or other capacity. The Trustee shall comply with Sections 313(a)(5) and (6) and 313(b)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act and the Company shall comply
with Sections 314(b), 314(c) and 314(d) of the Trust Indenture Act, in each case in respect of any secured Securities that may be outstanding hereunder from time to time. 

* * * * * 

  
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 This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed
shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. 
 IN WITNESS
WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written. 
  

			
	MFA FINANCIAL, INC.
		
	By:	 	/s/ Stephen Yarad
		 	Name: Stephen Yarad
		 	Title: Chief Financial Officer
	
	WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee
		
	By:	 	/s/ Jane Schweiger
		 	Name: Jane Schweiger
		 	Title: Vice President

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