Document:

EX-4.3

 Exhibit 4.3 

MACDONALD, DETTWILER AND ASSOCIATES LTD. 

DIRECTORS’ DEFERRED SHARE UNIT PLAN 
  

	1.	Purpose of the Plan 

 The purpose of this Directors’ Deferred Share Unit Plan is to advance
the interests of MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (“MDA or “Company”) and its shareholders by enabling MDA to attract and retain the highest stature of directors and to align the interests of the directors with those of
the shareholders. 
  

	2.	Definitions 

 For the purposes of this Plan and related documents, the following definitions apply: 

“Act” means the Canada Business Corporations Act, as amended. 

“Affiliate” has the meaning specified in the Act. 

“Annual Retainer” means the annual retainer paid by the Company to the Directors for being directors of the Company; including
the annual retainer paid to the Chair, but not including any annual retainer paid to any Director for acting as chair of any committee of the Board. 

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company. 

“Committee” means a committee of the Board designated from time to time by resolution of the Board, which committee shall
consist of no fewer than two members of the Board. 
 “Company” or “MDA” means MacDonald, Dettwiler and
Associates Ltd., a corporation governed by the laws of Canada or any successor thereof. 
 “Director” means a Person who is
a member of the Board. 
 “DSU” means a deferred share unit issued to a Participant under the Plan. 

“DSU Bank” means the accumulated entitlement to all DSU’s that have been issued to a Participant pursuant to this Plan.

 “Effective Date” means October 1, 2003. 

“Eligible Director” means 
  

	 	(a)	any Person who is not an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary, and who becomes Director of the Company after the Effective Date; 

 

	 	(b)	any Non-Employee Director of the Company who was a Director as at the Effective Date, and who returns to the Company for cancellation any options held under the Option Plan; or 

	 	(c)	any Non-Employee of the Company who was a Director as at the Effective Date, and who has been a Director of the Company for a period of five years from the date of his or her initial appointment or election.

 “Equivalent Amount” means, on a particular date in respect of an amount expressed in a currency other than
Canadian dollars, the equivalent amount in Canadian dollars in the case of US dollars, determined by reference to the Bank of Canada noon rate at which Canadian dollars may be exchanged into such currency as published on the Reuters Screen BOFC, and
in the case of a currency other than US dollars, ascertained by reference to any other means (as selected by the Board) by which such rate is quoted or published from time to time by the Bank of Canada; provided that, if at the time of any such
determination, for any reason, no such exchange rate is being quoted or published, the Board may use such reasonable method as it considers appropriate to ascertain such rate, and the resulting determination shall be conclusive absent manifest
error. 
 “Fair Market Value of a Share” means the closing sale price of the Shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange or, if
that measure of price is not available, in a national market system for securities on the day before the issue date or the day before the day on which any action is to be taken as herein provided. In the event that there are no sales of Shares on
any such exchange or market on the issue date (or such other day as is specified herein), the fair market value of Shares on the day before the issue date or such other day on which any action is to be taken or any determination is to be made as
herein provided shall be deemed to be the closing sale price on the next preceding day on which Shares were sold on any such exchange or market. In the event that the Shares are not listed on any such market or exchange on the applicable date, a
valuation of the fair market value of a Share on such date shall be made by the Board in its sole discretion. 
 “Minimum
Shareholding Threshold” means for each Participant, a number of Shares and/or DSU’s held by that Participant having a value equal to five times the aggregate of (i) the Annual Retainer paid to that Participant, and (ii) the
dollar value of the DSU’s issued to that Participant, for any year; where the value of the Shares shall be equal to the Fair Value of a Share on the date of determination multiplied by the number of Shares held by the Participant and the value
of DSU’s shall be equal to the Fair Value of a Share on the date of determination multiplied by the number of DSU’s in the DSU Bank of that Participant. 

“Non-Employee Director” means any Director of the Company who is not an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary of the
Company. 
 “Option Plan” means the Company’s 1999 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time. 

“Participant” means a person who receives or holds DSU’s under the Plan. 

  
 - 2 - 

 “Person” shall mean an individual, corporation, partnership, association or
other person or entity, or any group of two or more of the foregoing that have agreed to act together. 
 “Plan” means this
Directors’ Deferred Share Unit Plan, as amended from time to time. 
 “Securities Laws” means all applicable laws,
rules, regulations, rules, orders, and published policies relating in full or in part to trading in securities, to the extent legally enforceable. 

“Security-Based Compensation Arrangement” means an option, option plan, employee share purchase plan, long-term incentive
plan, phantom unit plan or any other compensation or incentive mechanism pursuant to which Shares from treasury are being issued to one or more directors, officers or employees of the Company or any subsidiary or current or past full-time or
part-time employees of the Company or any subsidiary. 
 “Shares” means common shares in the capital of the Company. 

“Subsidiary” has the meaning specified in the Act. 

“Termination Date” means the date that the Participant voluntarily resigns or a Director ceases to be a Director of the
Company. 
  

	3.	Administration of Plan 

  

	 	(a)	The Plan shall be administered by the Board. The Board shall have authority, not inconsistent with the express provisions of the Plan, to: 

 

	 	(i)	determine the terms and conditions of each issue of DSU’s, including the nature and duration of any restriction or condition (or provision for lapse thereof) relating to the vesting or forfeiture of any DSU’s
issued; 

  

	 	(ii)	adopt such rules and regulations as the Board may deem necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the Plan; 

  

	 	(iii)	interpret the provisions of the Plan and of any issue of DSU’s made hereunder and decide any questions and settle all controversies and disputes that may arise in connection with the Plan; 

 

	 	(iv)	waive the terms of the Plan in specific circumstances, or make such other determinations as it deems necessary or desirable for effective administration, in accordance with the purpose and objectives of the Plan; and

  

	 	(v)	make, waive or revoke rules and regulations pertaining to the Plan. 

 Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the Committee cannot alter or waive any provision of the Plan that would have the effect of permitting a Participant to obtain any benefit or payout under the Plan earlier than set forth herein. 

  
 - 3 - 

 All decisions, determinations, interpretations or other actions by the Board with respect to the
Plan shall be final, conclusive and binding on all Persons, including the Company, and Participants and their respective legal representatives, their successors in interest and permitted assigns and upon all other Persons claiming by, through, under
or against any of them. 
  

	 	(b)	Subject to the Act but otherwise in its sole discretion, the Board may delegate some of its powers with respect to the Plan to a Committee (in which case references to the Board in this Plan shall be deemed to refer to
the Committee, where appropriate). 

  

	4.	Effective Date 

 The Plan shall be effective as of the Effective Date. 

 

	5.	Issue of DSU’s 

  

	 	(a)	Each Eligible Director will be issued quarterly on the first business day of each quarter (January 1, April 1, July 1, October 1), a number of DSU’s equal to the quotient of: 

 

	 	(i)	one-quarter of that Eligible Director’s Annual Retainer, or one-quarter of the Equivalent Amount of the Annual Retainer calculated as of the day before the issue date; divided by 

 

	 	(ii)	the Fair Market Value of a Share, 

 rounded to the nearest second decimal. 

 

	 	(b)	If a person becomes an Eligible Director after January 1 of any year, that Eligible Director will be issued on the day such person becomes an Eligible Director, a number of DSU’s equal to the quotient of that
Eligible Director’s pro rata portion of one-quarter of his or her Annual Retainer, or the pro-rata Equivalent Amount of one-quarter of the Annual Retainer calculated as of the day before the issue date, divided by the Fair Market Value of a
Share, rounded to the second decimal. After the first calendar quarter of that Eligible Director, the Eligible Director will receive DSU’s calculated pursuant to Section 5(a) for the balance of the quarters of that calendar year. For the
purposes hereof, pro rata portion of one-quarter of the Annual Retainer will be determined by multiplying one-quarter of the Annual Retainer which would have been paid to an Eligible Director for the quarter in which the person became an Eligible
Director by the fraction of the number of days in the calendar quarter that the person is an Eligible Director over the total number of days in that quarter. 

  
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	 	(c)	Notwithstanding the foregoing (a) and (b), any Participant who holds the Minimum Shareholding Threshold in Shares and/or DSU’s as at December 1 of any year, may elect annually, by notice in writing given
to the Corporate Secretary on or before December 15, to have the amount of the DSU’s issuable to him or her pursuant to Section 5(a) hereof paid in cash in which event, the Company will pay to that Participant, subject as hereinafter
provided, on the days as set forth in Section 5(a) an amount equal to the number of DSU’s that would be issuable to him or her pursuant to Section 5(a) multiplied by the Fair Value of a Share, less any applicable amount required to be
withheld under any applicable income tax laws. If a Participant has given written notice as provided in this Section 5(c), such election shall continue to bind that Participant until the earlier of (i) the day of which DSU’s are to be
issued pursuant to Section 5(a), if on the day that is three days prior to that date, the Participant shall cease to hold the number of Shares and/or DSU’s necessary to satisfy the Minimum Shareholding Threshold; and (ii) if a
Participant has given written notice to the Corporate Secretary at least two weeks prior to the date of which any portion of the Annual Retainer is to be paid by the Company terminating any election made pursuant to Section 5(c), on the date
the payment of the portion of the Annual Retainer is to be made. Notwithstanding the foregoing for 2015, the notice that may be given by a Participant to make the election hereunder may be given on or before March 15, 2015 with respect to 2015.

  

	6.	Election with respect to Annual Retainer 

 Each Participant may elect, by notice in writing given to the
Corporate Secretary on or before December 15 of any year to have his or her Annual Retainer for the following year, or the Equivalent Amount thereof, issued in DSU’s. The DSU’s issued under this Section 6, from time to time, will
be issued on the dates that such Annual Retainer or portion hereunder is paid to such Participants. The number of DSU’s to be issued will be equal to the quotient of: 
  

	 	(a)	the amount of the electing Director’s Annual Retainer to be paid on that issue date, or the Equivalent Amount thereof calculated as of the day before the issue date; divided by 

 

	 	(b)	the Fair Market Value of a Share, 

 rounded to the nearest second decimal. 

If a Participant has given a written notice as provided in this Section 6, such election shall continue to bind that Participant until the Participant
gives written notice to the Corporate Secretary, at least 2 weeks prior to the date on which any portion of the Annual Retainer is paid, terminating such election. 
  

	7.	Increase of DSU’s on Payment of Dividends 

 The number of DSU’s in each Participant’s DSU
Bank will be increased between the period from the date of issue to that Participant’s Termination Date by an amount equal to the quotient of the dollar amount of any dividend declared by the Company to holders of Shares, from time to time,
multiplied by the number of DSU’s in the Participant’s DSU Bank divided by the Fair Market Value of a Share at the date of dividend payment, rounded to the second decimal. 

  
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	8.	Adjustments 

 If the Company will, at any time, issue Shares by way of dividend or other distribution, or
effect a Share split or consolidation of the outstanding Shares, the number of DSU’s in each Participant’s DSU Bank will be proportionately adjusted to reflect such Share dividend, Share split or consolidation. In the case of any
reclassification capital reorganization or other change of outstanding Shares (other than a change in par value or as a result of an issuance of Shares by way of dividend or other distribution or of a Share split or consolidation) or in case of any
consolidation, amalgamation, merger, arrangement, or any business combination of the Company with or into another corporation (other than a merger with a subsidiary in which merger the Company is the continuing corporation and does not result in any
reclassification, capital reorganization or other change of outstanding Shares) or in case of any sale or conveyance to another corporation of the property of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety, the Board will cause provision
to be made to that the number of DSU’s in each Participant’s DSU Bank will be equivalent to the kind and amount of share or other securities and property receivable upon such reclassification, capital reorganization or other change,
consolidation, amalgamation, merger, business combination, sale or conveyance as would be received by a holder of Shares at the time of such reclassification, capital reorganization or other change, consideration, merger, sale or conveyance. 

 

	9.	DSU’s not Securities 

 DSU’s are not securities and are only a term used to determine a method
of paying an incentive to Participants. Under no circumstances will DSU’s be considered Shares, nor entitle any Participant to the exercise of voting rights, the receipt of dividends (other than the DSU’s allocated pursuant to
Section 7) or the exercise of any other rights attaching to the ownership of Shares. 
  

	10.	Winding Up of a Participant’s DSU Bank 

 Immediately upon a Participant’s Termination
Date, the Company will windup that Participant’s DSU Bank. All DSU’s will be converted into cash and paid to the Participant, less any applicable amounts required to be withheld under any income tax laws (the
“Deductions”), by the Company within thirty (30) days of the Termination Date. The value for each DSU will be the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Termination Date (or the last trading day of the Toronto Stock Exchange prior
to the Termination Date). The effective date, for the purpose of income tax calculation on the proceeds of such windup will be the Termination Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing and provided that the Shares are traded on a recognized stock
exchange, the Company shall, at its discretion, on the wind-up of a Participant’s DSU Bank, elect to issue from treasury to that Participant, Shares equal to the number of DSU’s in that Participant’s DSU Bank, which Shares will be
issued at the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Termination Date. In the event of the issue of Shares, the Participant shall forthwith pay to the Company in cash an amount equal to the Deductions payable by that Participant. Any issue of Shares
hereunder is subject to the prior approval of the Toronto Stock Exchange and the shareholders of the Company. 

  
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	11.	Reservation of Shares 

 There are hereby reserved for issuance pursuant to Section 10 of the Plan,
100,000 Shares. 
  

	12.	Limitation of Issue of DSU’s 

 Any issue of DSU’s shall be subject to the following limits if
the Company shall determine to issue Shares from treasury to satisfy the payment of any DSU’s: 
  

	 	(a)	the aggregate number of Shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of all deferred share units granted under this Plan and any appreciation units granted under any other Security-Based Compensation Arrangement of
the Company, shall not exceed 10% of the issued and outstanding Shares; 

  

	 	(b)	the aggregate number of Shares issuable to insiders (as defined in the Securities Act (BC)) under this Plan, and any other Security-Based Compensation Arrangement of the Company cannot at any time exceed 10% of
the issued and outstanding Shares; and 

  

	 	(c)	the aggregate number of Shares issued to insiders (as defined in the Securities Act (BC)) under this Plan, and any other Security-Based Compensation Arrangement of the Company within a one-year period, cannot
exceed 10% of the issued and outstanding Shares. 

  

	13.	Taxes 

 The Board shall make such provisions and take such steps as it deems necessary or appropriate for
the withholding of any federal, provincial, state, local and other tax required by law to be withheld by the Company with respect to the issue of DSU’s, or with respect to any payment for any DSU’s pursuant to Section 5(c). In the
event of the issue of Shares from treasury by the Company to satisfy payment of DSU’s, the Participant shall forthwith pay to the Company the amount of any tax required. 
  

	14.	Certain Rights 

 Neither the adoption of the Plan nor the issue of any DSU’s shall confer upon any
Participant any right to continue as a director of the Company or affect in any way the rights of the shareholders or the Board with respect thereto. 
  

	15.	Corporate Action 

 Nothing contained in the Plan shall be construed so as to prevent the Company from
taking corporate action which is deemed by the Company, acting in good faith, to be appropriate or in its best interest, whether or not such action would have an adverse effect on the Plan or any outstanding DSU’s, provided that the Company
shall not undertake any such corporate action with the intent to adversely prejudice any outstanding DSU’s. 

  
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	16.	Amendment or Termination of Plan 

  

	 	(a)	The following amendments to the Plan or to DSU’s granted thereunder must be approved by the shareholders of the Company: 

  

	 	(i)	an amendment allowing a Participant to transfer DSU’s, other than by will or pursuant to the laws of succession; 

  

	 	(ii)	an increase in the number of treasury Shares reserved for issuance under the Plan. 

  

	 	(b)	Subject to the foregoing paragraph, the Board may amend, suspend or terminate the Plan and any DSU’s granted thereunder without obtaining the prior approval of the shareholders. However, the Board must obtain,
where necessary, the prior consent of applicable regulatory authorities and the Toronto Stock Exchange. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Board may decide to: 

 

	 	(i)	wind up, suspend or terminate the Plan; 

  

	 	(ii)	terminate a DSU granted under the Plan; 

  

	 	(iii)	modify the eligibility for, and limitations on, participation in the Plan; 

  

	 	(iv)	modify the terms on which the DSU’s may be granted, terminated, cancelled and adjusted; 

  

	 	(v)	amend the provisions of the Plan to comply with applicable laws, the requirements of regulatory authorities or applicable stock exchanges; 

 

	 	(vi)	amend the Plan or a DSU to correct or rectify an ambiguity, a deficient or inapplicable provision, an error or an omission; and 

  

	 	(vii)	amend a provision of the Plan relating to the administration or technical aspect of the Plan. 

 The amendments,
suspension or termination of the Plan shall not, except with the written consent of the Participants concerned, in any way affect the terms and conditions of DSU’s previously granted under the Plan if such amendment would materially adversely
affect the rights of a Participant. 
 For greater certainty, the only effect of a termination of the Plan will be that, subject to the following, the award
of additional DSU’s will be discontinued as of a specific date and no new participants will be admitted to the Plan thereafter. 
  

	17.	Notices 

 Any notice to be given to a Participant may be delivered personally, by facsimile or using
regular mail or courier services to the address for the Participant as shown in the books of the Company. Any notice given to the Company may be delivered personally, by facsimile or using regular mail or courier services to the Corporate Secretary
at the address of the Company at 13800 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, B.C., V6V 2J3. 

  
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	18.	General Provisions 

  

	 	(a)	Non-Transferability of DSU’s. No DSU’s may be transferred, encumbered, pledged or alienated in any way other than by will or by the laws of succession, and subject to the terms of the Plan.

  

	 	(b)	Titles and Headings. Titles and headings of sections of the Plan are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the construction of any provision of the Plan. 

 

	 	(c)	Governing Law. The Plan shall be governed by, interpreted under and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws, and not the laws pertaining to conflicts or choice of laws, of the Province of
British Columbia and the federal laws of Canada applicable therein. 

  

	 	(d)	Severability. If any provision of the Plan or any Award Agreement shall be determined to be illegal or unenforceable by any court of law in any jurisdiction, the remaining provisions hereof and thereof shall be
severable and enforceable in accordance with their terms, and all provisions shall remain enforceable in any other jurisdiction. 

 The Plan
was duly adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company as of November 5, 2003 and as amended effective February 24, 2011, October 28, 2014 and February 25, 2015. 

 

	
	 “Gordon Thiessen”

	Corporate Secretary

  
 - 9 -EX-4.4

 Exhibit 4.4 

MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. 

MDA 
 EMPLOYEE SHARE
PURCHASE PLAN 
 PLAN TERMS 

(Effective October 1, 2001 as amended October, 2005) 

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

							
	 ARTICLE 1
	  	 	1	 
	 1.1
	  	Definitions	  	 	1	 
	 1.2
	  	Headings	  	 	3	 
	 1.3
	  	Number and Gender	  	 	3	 
		
	 ARTICLE 2
	  	 	4	 
	 2.1
	  	Establishing the Plan	  	 	4	 
	 2.2
	  	Source of Contribution	  	 	4	 
		
	 ARTICLE 3
	  	 	4	 
	 3.1
	  	Eligibility	  	 	4	 
	 3.2
	  	Right to Refuse Participation	  	 	4	 
	 3.3
	  	Enrollment	  	 	4	 
	 3.4
	  	Notice of Participation to Plan Administrator	  	 	4	 
		
	 ARTICLE 4
	  	 	5	 
	 4.1
	  	Participant Contributions	  	 	5	 
	 4.2
	  	Allocation of Participant Contributions	  	 	6	 
	 4.3
	  	Timing of Participant Contributions	  	 	6	 
		
	 ARTICLE 5
	  	 	6	 
	 5.1
	  	Investment of Contributions	  	 	6	 
	 5.2
	  	Issue from Treasury	  	 	6	 
	 5.3
	  	Limitation of Issue	  	 	7	 
	 5.4
	  	Holding of Participant Account Assets	  	 	7	 
	 5.5
	  	Purchases and Allocation of Common Shares	  	 	7	 
	 5.6
	  	Allocation of Income	  	 	7	 
	 5.7
	  	Right to Withdraw Common Shares	  	 	7	 
	 5.8
	  	Enrollment in the Registered Retirement Savings Plan	  	 	8	 
	 5.9
	  	Transfer of Common Shares to the Registered Retirement Savings Plan with the RRSP Plan	  	 	9	 
	 5.10
	  	Right to Transfer to Another Registered Retirement Savings Plan	  	 	9	 
	 5.11
	  	Right to De-Register	  	 	9	 
	 5.12
	  	Brokerage Commissions and Administrative Fees	  	 	9	 
	 5.13
	  	Termination of Participation	  	 	9	 
		
	 ARTICLE 6
	  	 	10	 
	 6.1
	  	Voting	  	 	10	 
	 6.2
	  	Securities Held by Plan Administrator	  	 	10	 

							
		
	 ARTICLE 7
	  	 	10	 
	 7.1
	  	Termination Settlement	  	 	10	 
	 7.2
	  	No Contributions in Last Month	  	 	11	 
	 7.3
	  	Discharge of Obligations	  	 	11	 
		
	 ARTICLE 8
	  	 	11	 
	 8.1
	  	Entitlement of a Beneficiary	  	 	11	 
	 8.2
	  	Disability or Leave of Absence	  	 	11	 
		
	 ARTICLE 9
	  	 	11	 
	 9.1
	  	Plan Amendment or Termination	  	 	11	 
	 9.2
	  	Plan Administrator Duties	  	 	11	 
	 9.3
	  	Termination of Plan	  	 	12	 
		
	 ARTICLE 10
	  	 	12	 
	 10.1
	  	Voluntary Plan	  	 	12	 
	 10.2
	  	The Administrator	  	 	12	 
	 10.3
	  	No Assignment	  	 	12	 
	 10.4
	  	Applicable Law	  	 	12	 
	 10.5
	  	Bankruptcy of Employer	  	 	13	 
	 10.6
	  	Plan Administrator	  	 	13	 
	 10.7
	  	Further Agreements	  	 	13	 
	 10.8
	  	Administration by Plan Administrator	  	 	13	 
	 10.9
	  	Records	  	 	13	 
	 10.10
	  	Issue of Statements	  	 	13	 
	 10.11
	  	Expenses	  	 	13	 
	 10.12
	  	Tax Matters	  	 	14	 
	 10.13
	  	Enurement	  	 	14	 
	 10.14
	  	Severability	  	 	14	 

  
 - ii - 

 MDA EMPLOYEE SHARE PURCHASE PLAN 

ARTICLE 1 

INTERPRETATION 
 1.1
Definitions 
 For purposes of this Plan, the expressions set forth below shall have the following meanings: 

“Administrator” means the person or persons appointed from time to time by the Company to administer the Plan; 

“Allocated Common Shares” mean the whole Common Shares allocated to a Participant’s Account as at the end of the second
month prior to the applicable Withdrawal Period. For example, during the April Withdrawal Period the Allocated Common Shares in a Participant’s Account are those allocated up to the last day of February; 

“Average Market Price” means the weighted average market price of the Common Shares on the Toronto Stock
Exchange for the 5 trading days immediately preceding the Investment Date; 
 “Beneficiary” means any person or persons
designated by a Participant in an enrollment form, in the form provided from time to time by an Employee, to receive benefits hereunder in the event of the death of such Participant and as described in Section 4.4; 

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company; 

“Business Day” means any day that is not a Saturday, a Sunday or a statutory holiday in the jurisdiction in which the Plan
Administrator is located, and if there are one or more Plan Administrators, the jurisdiction in which the Plan Administrator designated by the Company for any Participant or group of Participants is located; 

“Common Shares” mean Common Shares of the Company; 

“Company” means MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd., a company amalgamated under the laws of Canada; 

“Effective Date” means October 1, 2001; 

“Eligible Compensation” means the regular annual base salary of a Participant, but does not include any variable compensation,
bonuses, sales commission, payment for overtime, long-term disability payments, premium payments, differentials, achievement award payments, any special compensation or any mid-year salary increases; 

“Employee” or “Employees” means any person or persons, including officers of an Employer, on the payroll of
an Employer as an active, permanent full-time or permanent part-time employee who works at least 20 hours per week on a regular full-time basis, including any employee on maternity or parental leave or on leave of absence with a job guarantee of the
Employer, excluding inactive employees, hourly, co-op/intern and assignment/contract employees, personal service contractors and consultants; 

 “Employer” means the Company, any of its subsidiaries or such other corporation
or entity as may from time to time be designated by the Company. References herein to “an Employer” or “the Employer” shall be references to each Employer in the context of the Employees or Participants of such Employer; 

“Enrollment Date” means, in respect of an Employee, the date of enrollment as a Participant in the Plan, which date shall be
the first day of the pay period on which Participant Contributions to this Plan commence, or the date the initial Lump Sum Payment is received from an Employee when that Employee first enrols as a Participant in the Plan; 

“Investment Date” means the last Business Day of each month on which investments are made pursuant to Sections 5.1 of this
Plan; 
 “Issue Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.1 hereof; 

“Lump Sum Payment” means a one-time annual payment made by a Participant as provided in section 4.1(a) of the Plan; 

“Maximum Annual Amount” means 300,000 Common Shares, or such other amount as from time to time determined by the Board of
Directors; 
 “Maximum Annual Contribution” means initially an amount of $20,000 CDN and, thereafter such other amount as
determined by the Administrator at the beginning of each Plan Year; such Maximum Annual Contribution shall be converted into the currency that the Employee receives his or her compensation in, by the Administrator, based on the applicable exchange
rate as quoted by the Bank of Canada noon rate at the beginning of each Plan Year; 
 “Participant” means an Employee who
complies with the provisions of Article 3 hereof and executes an enrollment form in the form provided from time to time by an Employer; 

“Participant Account” means an account maintained by the Plan Administrator in the name of each Participant for Participant
Contributions made in respect of each Participant and any income or loss arising from the investment of such Participant Contributions; 

“Participant Account Assets” mean securities and other assets held from time to time in a Participant Account; 

“Participant Contributions” mean contributions made by a Participant on his or her own behalf pursuant to Section 4.1(a)
of this Plan; 
 “Participant’s Election” means a notification in writing or in such other form acceptable to the Plan
Administrator and the Company delivered by the Participant to the Plan Administrator requesting the withdrawal of an amount not exceeding the amount permitted to be withdrawn from the Participant Account of such Participant at such time. 

  
 2 

 “Plan” means the employee share purchase plan set forth herein and as amended
from time to time which shall be referred to as the “MDA Employee Share Purchase Plan”; 
 “Plan Administration
Agreement” means any agreement entered into between the Company and a Plan Administrator which sets out the authority of the Plan Administrator under the Plan; and 

“Plan Administrator” means a trust company or trust companies from time to time appointed by the Company to be Plan
Administrator of the Plan and with whom the Company enters into a Plan Administration Agreement with respect thereto and if there is more than one Plan Administrator, for any particular group of Participants means that Plan Administrator designated
by the Company by written notice to the Participants as the Plan Administrator for that group of Participants. 
 “Plan
Year” means the period beginning on the Effective Date and ending on the day twelve months thereafter and each twelve month period thereafter; 

“RRSP” means a Registered Retirement Savings Plan established under the Income Tax Act (Canada); 

“RRSP Plan” means the group RRSP’s established by the Trustee on the instructions of individual Participants in accordance with
Section 5.8; 
 “Tax Act” means the Income Tax Act (Canada), as amended from time to time and the equivalent
taxation statute in any other jurisdiction in which a Participant resides; 
 “Trustee” means Computershare Trust Company of Canada
or such other trust company as may from time to time be appointed by the Board of Directors to act as trustee for the RRSP Plan; and 

“Withdrawal Period” means the months of January, April, July and October in any calendar year. 

1.2 Headings 
 Article and section
headings are convenient references only and shall not be deemed to be a part of the substance of this instrument or in any way enlarge or limit the contents of any Article, section or paragraph. 

1.3 Number and Gender 
 In this instrument
words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa; words importing the masculine gender include the feminine and vice versa; and words importing persons include firms or companies and vice versa. 

  
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 ARTICLE 2 

PURPOSE OF THE PLAN 
 2.1
Establishing the Plan 
  

	 	(a)	The Plan is hereby established for the benefit of Employees to be effective from and after the Effective Date. 

  

	 	(b)	The purpose of the Plan is to encourage Employees to invest in Common Shares through Participant Contributions, thereby providing the Employee with an opportunity to share in the growth and success of the Company and
its subsidiaries. 

 2.2 Source of Contribution 

Contributions to the Plan will be made by the Participants pursuant to Article 4. 

ARTICLE 3 

ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION 
 3.1
Eligibility 
 All Employees, as defined herein, are eligible to participate in the Plan. 

3.2 Right to Refuse Participation 
 The
Employer, in its absolute discretion, shall have the right to refuse any Employee or group of Employees the right of participation or continued participation in the Plan. 

3.3 Enrollment 
 Employees may elect to
enroll in the Plan at any time by signing and delivering to the Employer an enrollment form or any other method provided from time to time by an Employer. Participation shall commence on the Enrollment Date, subject to receipt by Administrator of
the enrollment forms within a date prior to the Enrollment Date as specified by the Administrator. By the delivery of such form to the Employer, an Employee shall be deemed to have among other things, confirmed that a copy of the Plan has been made
available to such Employee, and agreed to be bound by all the terms and conditions of the Plan. 
 3.4 Notice of Participation to Plan Administrator

 At the time that Participant Contributions are made, the Employer shall submit to the Plan Administrator a file or record listing each
Participant’s name and the amount of the Participant Contributions to be allocated to each such Participant Account. 

  
 4 

 ARTICLE 4 

PARTICIPANT CONTRIBUTIONS 
 4.1
Participant Contributions 
  

	 	(a)	A Participant may make contributions to the Plan in the following manner: 

  

	 	(i)	in respect of each pay period by payroll deduction of an amount between one and ten percent of such Participant’s Eligible Compensation as elected by the Participant at the time of enrollment or as herein provided,
on a pro rata basis per pay period; 

  

	 	(ii)	a one-time Lump Sum Payment, per calendar year as elected by the Participant upon giving 5 Business Days notice to the Plan Administrator; or 

 

	 	(iii)	a combination of payments pursuant to (i) and (ii); 

 provided however that all Participant
Contributions for a Participant in any calendar year shall not exceed the Maximum Annual Contribution. 
  

	 	(b)	A Participant may change the designated percentage payroll deduction within the range set out in Section 4.1(a) at any time by completing and delivering the form or any other method provided by the Employer for
this purpose at least 5 Business Days prior to the commencement of the pay period from which such change is to take effect. 

  

	 	(c)	A Participant may cancel payroll deductions at any time by completing and delivering the form or any other method provided by the Employer for this purpose at least 5 Business Days prior to the commencement of the pay
period for which such cancellation is to take effect. A Participant so choosing to cancel may be eligible for participation and the resumption of payroll deductions for the subsequent participation period, with the approval of the Employer, in its
discretion, by completing and delivering the form or any other method provided by the Employer for this purpose electing the amount to be contributed as set out in Section 4.1(a) at least 5 Business Days prior to the commencement of the pay
period from which resumption of participation is to take place if so approved by the Employer. During a period of cancellation a Participant shall continue to be a member of the Plan for all purposes other than the making of contributions by the
Participant. 

  

	 	(d)	If a Participant is on maternity or parental leave, or on leave of absence with a guaranteed return, and wishes to continue participation in the Plan, that Participant shall provide the Company with post-dated cheques
payable on the first day of each month, with respect to that Participant’s Contributions to the Plan, for the period of that leave. 

  
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 4.2 Allocation of Participant Contributions 

Participant Contributions made by a Participant to the Plan shall be credited to the Participant Account in respect of such Participant upon
receipt thereof by the Plan Administrator and any Participant’s Contribution which is received in a currency other than Canadian dollars will be converted to Canadian dollars by the Administrator, based on the applicable exchange rate of that
currency to Canadian dollars at the Bank of Canada noon rate on the pay period end date. 
 4.3 Timing of Participant Contributions 

Participant Contributions to the Plan shall be made in respect of each pay period of Participants. Notification of contribution shall be
forwarded by the Employer to the Plan Administrator on a monthly basis in respect of such Participant. 
 ARTICLE 5 

INVESTMENT OF CONTRIBUTIONS 
 5.1
Investment of Contributions 
 After notification of Participant Contributions, Market Price and an Investment Date, the Plan
Administrator shall invest all uninvested amounts which have been credited to the Participant Accounts since the last Investment Date, together with all dividends received thereon, if any. Such amounts shall be invested in Common Shares which shall
be purchased from the Company at a price equal to 85% of the Average Market Price on an Investment Date (the “Issue Price”) up to the maximum number of Common Shares as may be issued as provided in Section 6.2 hereof. No interest will
be paid on any funds held by the Plan Administrator between any Investment Dates. 
 5.2 Issue From Treasury 

 

	 	(a)	The maximum number of Common Shares which is to be issued by the Company under the Plan is 1,500,000 Common Shares with the maximum number to be issued in any Plan Year up to the Maximum Annual Amount. This prescribed
maximum may be subsequently increased to any other specific amount, subject to applicable securities laws and the rules and regulations of the stock exchange on which the Common Shares are listed and such shareholder approvals as may be required by
such exchange. 

  

	 	(b)	If the Maximum Annual Amount of Common Shares to be issued is less than the aggregate of number of Common Shares issued to that date and the number of Common Shares to be issued on any Investment Date, the number of
Common Shares to be issued to the Participants on that Investment Date will be issued on a pro rata basis to the Participants. 

  

	 	(c)	The Company shall forthwith give notice to the Participant when the Maximum Annual Amount is or has been reached and no further Participant Contributions or any Lump Sum Payment shall be taken after that date for that
Plan Year and the Plan shall be suspended for the purpose of the acceptance of Participant Contributions and the issue of Common Shares for the balance of that Plan Year. 

  
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 5.3 Limitation of Issue 

Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, the majority of the Common Shares issuable hereunder shall not be issued to any insiders of the
Company (as defined in the Rules of the Toronto Stock Exchange). 
 5.4 Holding of Participant Account Assets 

All Participant Account Assets held by the Plan Administrator shall, to the extent possible, be registered in the name of the Plan
Administrator or its nominee and remain so registered until such time as a Participant’s Election pursuant to Section 5.7 is received by the Plan Administrator or a Participant otherwise withdraws or is deemed to have withdrawn from this
Plan. 
 5.5 Purchases and Allocation of Common Shares 

On each Investment Date, the Plan Administrator shall purchase with the funds provided, Common Shares sufficient to satisfy all Participant
Contributions received for the period. 
 After the Investment Date, the Plan Administrator shall allocate Common Shares to each Participant
Account on a full or fractional share basis, as appropriate. 
 5.6 Allocation of Income 

All income, including without limitation dividends, if any, in respect of a Participant Account shall be credited to that Participant Account
upon receipt or realization of such income by the Plan Administrator. 
 5.7 Right to Withdraw Common Shares 

 

	 	(a)	A Participant, on any Business Day during a Withdrawal Period, may by filing a Participant’s Election, withdraw all or part of the Allocated Common Shares in his or her Participant Account. Common Shares may be
withdrawn in paper certificate, electronic transfer to a broker of choice or transfer to a RRSP account under the RRSP Plan or may be requested to be sold by the Plan Administrator. The cost of the first two withdrawals by way of electronic transfer
to a broker per calendar year will be paid by the Company and any other or more withdrawals in any other form in that year will be paid by the Participant. 

  

	 	(b)	Within 7 Business Days after receiving a Participant’s Election, the Plan Administrator shall carry out the instructions contained therein. A payment for the value of any uninvested funds or for any fractional
interest in a Common Share held in the Participant Account for such Participant will be sent to a Participant only upon termination of participation pursuant to Section 5.13 or termination of employment pursuant to Section 7.1. Payment for
fractional interests shall be made at the average price for the applicable Common Shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange on the applicable Investment Date on which Common Shares are being purchased hereunder. 

  
 7 

 5.8 Enrolment in the Registered Retirement Savings Plan 

A Participant may elect to hold all or part of the Common Shares acquired with Participant Contributions and held in his or her
Participant’s Account in an RRSP under the RRSP Plan by filing with the Plan Administrator a completed application for a RRSP under the RRSP Plan in the form prescribed by the Company. Any Common Shares held by the Trustee pursuant to the RRSP
under the RRSP Plan are held in trust for the account of the individual Participants in that RRSP and a Participant shall be the beneficial owner of all Common Shares held on his or her behalf in that RRSP. 

  
 8 

 5.9 Transfer of Common Shares to the Registered Retirement Savings Plan within the RRSP Plan 

In the event that a Participant wishes to transfer any Allocated Common Shares acquired with Participant Contributions pursuant to the Plan
into an RRSP under the RRSP Plan, he or she may do so, on any Business Day during any Withdrawal Period by completing the form prescribed by the Company and filing same with the Company and the Plan Administrator authorizing the Plan Administrator
to transfer a specified number of Allocated Common Shares from his or her Participant’s Account to that RRSP. It is the Participant’s sole responsibility to ensure that his or her RRSP contributions, do not, in conjunction with other RRSP
contributions of that Participant, exceed his or her maximum RRSP contribution level for income tax purposes. 
 5.10 Right to Transfer to another
Registered Retirement Savings Plan 
 A Participant may make transfers of Common Shares from his or her RRSP under the RRSP Plan only as
set out in this Section. At any Withdrawal Period, a Participant may, upon completion of the form prescribed by the Company and filing same with the Company and the Plan Administrator on any Business Day during any Withdrawal Period, request that
all or a portion of the Common Shares in that Participant’s RRSP under the RRSP Plan be transferred in certificate form to, or be sold and the proceeds transferred to another RRSP in the Participant’s name which may not be under the RRSP
Plan. 
 5.11 Right to De-Register 
 A
Participant may de-register Common Shares held in his or her RRSP under the RRSP Plan only as set out in this Section. On any Business Day during any Withdrawal Period, a Participant may, upon completion of the form prescribed and filing same with
the Company and the Plan Administrator request that all or a portion of the Common Shares in that Participant’s RRSP under the RRSP Plan be de-registered and sold and the net sale proceeds forwarded to the Participant. 

5.12 Brokerage Commissions and Administrative Fees 

A Participant will be responsible for paying any brokerage commissions or administration fees charged by the Plan Administrator or the Company
with respect to any transfers or sales of Common Shares held in his or her RRSP under the RRSP Plan. The Company may, at its option, elect to impose an administration fee or commission on the transfer or sale of any Common Shares held in a
Participant’s RRSP under the RRSP Plan. 
 5.13 Termination of Participation 

A Participant may terminate participation in the Plan at any time by cancelling payroll deductions as outlined in Section 4.1(c) and by
delivering a Participant’s Election to the Plan Administrator in respect of all Participant Account Assets. Any re-enrollment in the Plan by such Participant shall be subject to Section 4.1(c) hereof. 

  
 9 

 ARTICLE 6 

VOTING AND HOLDING OF SECURITIES 

6.1 Voting 
 To the extent that the Common
Shares contained in a Participant Account or RRSP under the RRSP Plan constitute voting securities or are entitled to vote on any matter, such securities shall be voted by the Plan Administrator in accordance with the directions, if any, of the
Participant and, if no direction has been received by the Plan Administrator, will not be voted in favour of any proposals or resolutions proposed by management of the Company. 

6.2 Securities Held by Plan Administrator 

While Common Shares are held in the Plan whether in a Participant’s Account or in an RRSP under the RRSP Plan, all warrants, options or
rights received on any Common Shares shall be sold by the Plan Administrator on behalf of the Participants. 
 Dividends on Common Shares
held in the Plan whether in a Participant’s Account or in an RRSP under the RRSP Plan, and proceeds from the sale of any options, rights or warrants, received by the Plan Administrator for Common Shares shall be allocated to the appropriate
Participant Account or RRSP under the RRSP Plan based on the Common Shares in such account. 
 ARTICLE 7 

TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT 
 7.1
Termination Settlement 
  

	 	(a)	If a Participant ceases to be an Employee for any reason, including death or retirement, the Participant shall be deemed to have ceased to be a Participant in the Plan, payroll deductions will be cancelled and the
Participant Account of such Participant shall be terminated. Upon receipt of notification from the Employer that such Participant has ceased to be an Employee (other than on account of the death of such Employee) and if the Plan Administrator does
not receive a Participant’s Election upon termination from such Participant, the Plan Administrator shall send to the Participant all vested Participant Account Assets of such Participant registered in the name of such Participant and shall
send or cause to be sent a payment for the value of any uninvested funds or any fractional interest in Common Shares held in the Participant Account for such Participant, such fractional interest to be valued as provided in Section 5.7(b)
hereof. If a Participant’s Election is received by the Plan Administrator from such Participant, the Plan Administrator shall carry out the instructions contained therein within 10 Business Days of receipt of same and payments shall be made to
that Participant within 15 Business Days. 

  

	 	(b)	If a Participant who holds an RRSP under the RRSP Plan, ceases to be an Employee and a Participant as contemplated in Section 7.1(a), he or she shall notify the Plan Administrator upon termination and request, in
the prescribed form, that all of the Common Shares in that Participant’s RRSP under the RRSP Plan be transferred in certificate form to, or be sold and the proceeds transferred to another RRSP in the Participant’s name. If the Plan
Administrator has not received the required notice and request within 60 days following the termination date of such Participant, the Plan Administrator may, at its option, de-register and sell the Common Shares held in that Participant’s RRSP
under the RRSP Plan and forward the net proceeds to the Participant at his or her last known address. 

  
 10 

 7.2 No Contributions in Last Month 

Where employment is terminated, for any reason, there will be no Participant Contributions made during the month of the Employee’s
termination of employment. 
 7.3 Discharge of Obligations 

Settlement in the manner herein provided shall serve as full discharge of all obligations of the Employer, the Plan Administrator and the
Trustee to a Participant under the Plan. 
 ARTICLE 8 

DEATH, DISABILITY, OR LEAVE OF ABSENCE 

8.1 Entitlement of a Beneficiary 
 If a
Participant should die during any period of employment, the Beneficiary or estate of the deceased Participant, as the case may be, shall be entitled to receive all Participant Account Assets and any RRSP under the RRSP Plan of such deceased
Participant or cash in lieu thereof as calculated hereunder. 
 8.2 Disability or Leave of Absence 

In the event that a Participant becomes disabled or takes a leave of absence other than as contemplated in the definition of
“Employee”, and accordingly, has no Eligible Compensation during the period of disability or leave, no Participant Contributions to the Plan shall be made in respect of such Participant. Continued participation in the Plan or disposition
or the Participant Account is at the discretion of the Participant. The Participant must comply with Section 5.7(a) of this Plan. 

ARTICLE 9 
 PLAN
AMENDMENT, TERMINATION AND INTERPRETATION 
 9.1 Plan Amendment or Termination 

The Board of Directors reserves the right to discontinue use of payroll deductions or lump sum contributions at any time and further reserves
the right to amend, terminate or suspend the Plan, in whole or in part at any time. Any such amendment, termination or suspension will not result in the forfeiture of any funds deducted from the salary of any Participant prior to the date of
amendment or termination of the Plan. 
 9.2 Plan Administrator Duties 

No amendment, change or modification shall be made to the Plan which will, without the Plan Administrator’s written consent, alter the
duties of the Plan Administrator. 

  
 11 

 9.3 Termination of Plan 

Upon the termination of the Plan for any reason whatsoever, the Plan Administrator shall send to each Participant all of the Participant
Account Assets of such Participant registered in the name of such Participant and any RRSP under the RRSP Plan, including, if applicable, a payment for the value of all fractional securities and uninvested contributions held for such Participant in
his or her Participant Account. 
 ARTICLE 10 

GENERAL PROVISIONS AND ADMINISTRATION 

10.1 Voluntary Plan 
 This Plan is a
voluntary program on the part of the Employer and shall not constitute a consideration for, an inducement to or condition of the employment of any Employee. Nothing contained in this Plan shall give any Participant the right to be retained in the
service of the Employer nor shall it interfere with the right of the Employer to discharge any Employee whether a Participant or not at any time. Participation in this Plan will not give any Participant or Beneficiary any right or claim to any
benefit except to the extent provided for in the Plan. Dismissal for cause shall not result in a Participant’s forfeiture of vested rights. Cheques for any fractional shares and unvested contributions will be forwarded by the Company. 

10.2 The Administrator 
 The Plan will be
administered on behalf of the Employer by the Administrator who is empowered to make and enforce rules with respect to the administration of the Plan, to resolve any ambiguities and to decide questions of eligibility to participate in the Plan on
behalf of the Employer. The Administrator may participate in the Plan, if otherwise eligible. The Administrator shall from time to time be entitled to determine additional investments to be included in the authorized investments as set forth herein
or as from time to time determined by the Administrator. 
 10.3 No Assignment 

Any benefits payable under the terms of this Plan are for the Participant’s own use and benefit, are not capable of assignment, alienation
or surrender without the prior written consent of the Employer, and do not confer upon any Participant, Beneficiary, personal representative, dependent, or any other person, any right or interest in the benefits, if any, capable of being assigned,
surrendered, or otherwise alienated. 
 10.4 Applicable Law 

The Plan shall be governed, construed and administered in accordance with the laws of the Province of British Columbia. 

  
 12 

 10.5 Bankruptcy of Employer 

If the Employer is wound up or is or becomes bankrupt, the Participant Account Assets and any RRSP under the RRSP Plan shall, within 90 days
thereof, be distributed to Participants on the basis provided in Section 7.1 hereof. 
 10.6 Plan Administrator 

The Employer shall appoint the Plan Administrator or Plan Administrators and shall enter into a Plan Administration Agreement with such Plan
Administrator or Plan Administrators. The Plan Administrator shall not be liable to any Participant for any loss resulting from a decline in the market value of any securities purchased by the Plan Administrator on behalf of Participants. The Plan
Administrator shall not be liable for any change in the price of securities between the time of a Participant Contribution and the time such purchase or sale takes place, provided that the Plan Administrator, having received proper investment
instructions, uses all reasonable efforts to invest such funds on the Investment Date. 
 10.7 Further Agreements 

The Employer may from time to time enter into agreements with the Plan Administrator or other parties and may take such other steps as the
Employer may deem necessary or desirable to place this Plan into effect or carry it out. 
 10.8 Administration by Plan Administrator 

The Plan Administrator shall operate and administer all Participant Accounts in accordance with this Plan, the terms of the Plan Administration
Agreement and the Tax Act. 
 10.9 Records 

The Plan Administrator shall keep or cause to be kept such records and open and maintain accounts in the names of the Participants as may be
necessary or appropriate for the efficient and effective administration of the Plan. Records of the Plan Administrator and the Employer shall be conclusive as to all matters involved in the administration of the Plan. 

10.10 Issue of Statements 
 The Employer
will cause the Plan Administrator to provide, at a minimum, on-line access to account history to each Participant setting forth the status of each Participant’s Account and RRSP under the RRSP Plan. 

10.11 Expenses 
 All expenses reasonably
incurred in connection with the operation, administration and normal record keeping of the Plan, including compensation of the Plan Administrator, will be paid by the Employer. 

  
 13 

 10.12 Tax Matters 

The Plan Administrator shall issue to all Participants, on a timely basis, the income tax reporting information which is required by the
applicable Tax Act and the regulations passed pursuant thereto. A Participant shall be responsible for paying all income and other taxes applicable to the Participant’s Contributions to the Plan and the RRSP under the RRSP Plan and to all
transactions involving Common Shares held by the Plan Administrator or Trustee on his or her behalf, including, without limitation, any taxes payable on: 

(a) the transfer of Common Shares to a Participant; 

(b) the sale or other disposition of Common Shares of a Participant; 

(c) the transfer of Common Shares to another RRSP other than an RRSP under the RRSP Plan in the name of the Participant; 

(d) the de-registration of Common Shares held in a Participant’s RRSP under the RRSP Plan. 

The Plan Administrator is authorized to deduct from any amounts payable to a Participant following the sale of that Participant’s Common Shares any
amounts which are required to be withheld on account of taxes. 
 10.13 Enurement 

The rights and obligations of such Employer, the Plan Administrator and the Participants pursuant to this Plan shall be binding upon and shall
enure to the benefit of each Employer, the Plan Administrator and the Participants, respectively, and each of their permitted successor and assigns. The rights and obligations of the Plan Administrator and the Participants under this Plan may not be
assigned. The rights and obligations of an Employer under this Plan may be assigned by such Employer to a successor in the business of such Employer or to a corporation with which such Employer may amalgamate or merge or a corporation resulting from
any reconstruction or reorganization of such Employer. 
 10.14 Severability 

If any provisions of this Plan or the application thereof to any person or circumstances shall be invalid or unenforceable to any extent, the
remainder of the Plan and the application of such provisions to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby and shall be enforced to the greatest extent permitted by law. 

  
 14

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