Document:

Certificate of Incorporation of EXCO Services, Inc.

 Exhibit 4.12 

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION 

OF 
 EXCO
SERVICES, INC. 
 (a stock corporation) 

The undersigned, for the purpose of incorporating and organizing a corporation under the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware, does hereby certify as follows: 
 1. Name. The name of the corporation (the “Corporation”) is EXCO
Services, Inc. 
 2. Registered Office and Agent. The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of
Delaware is Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801, New Castle County. The name of the Corporation’s registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company. 

3. Purpose. The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized
under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. 
 4. Capital Stock. The Corporation will have authority to
issue 1,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”). All shares of Common Stock will have identical rights and privileges in every respect, and each holder of Common Stock will have one vote for each share
held thereof on all matters to be voted on by the stockholders of the Corporation. 
  

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 5. Management. The Corporation will be managed by as Board of Directors. The number
of members of the Board of Directors will be fixed in accordance with the Bylaws of the Corporation. Elections of members of the Board of Directors need not be by written ballot except and to the extent provided in the Bylaws of the Corporation. The
names and mailing addresses of the persons who are to serve as the initial members of the Board of Directors until the first annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualified are as follows: 

 

					
	 NAME
	  	  	  	 MAILING ADDRESS

	 Douglas H. Miller
	  		  	 12377 Merit Drive

Suite 1700
 Dallas, TX 75251

			
	 Stephen F. Smith
	  		  	 12377 Merit Drive
 Suite
1700
 Dallas, TX 75251

			
	 Harold L. Hickey
	  		  	 12377 Merit Drive
 Suite
1700
 Dallas, TX 75251

6. Director Liability. To the full extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or any other
applicable laws presently or hereafter in effect, no member of the Board of Directors of the Corporation will be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for or with respect to any acts or omissions in the performance of his or her
duties as a member of the Board of Directors of the Corporation. Any repeal or modification of this Article 6 will not adversely affect any right or protection of a member of the Board of Directors of the Corporation existing immediately prior to
the repeal or modification. 
 7. Indemnification. Each person who is or was or had agreed to become a member of the
Board of Directors or an officer of the Corporation, or each such person who is or was serving or who had agreed to serve at the request of the Board of Directors or an officer of the Corporation as an employee or agent of the Corporation or as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise (including the heirs, executors, administrators or estate of such person), will be indemnified by the Corporation to the full extent
permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or any other applicable laws as presently or hereafter in effect. Without limiting the generality or effect of the foregoing, the Corporation may enter into one or more agreements
with any person which provide for indemnification greater or different than that provided in this Article 7. Any repeal or modification of this Article 7 will not adversely affect any right or protection existing hereunder immediately prior to the
repeal or modification. 
 8. Amendment to Bylaws. Any amendment, alteration or repeal of the Bylaws of the Corporation,
or the adoption of new Bylaws by the Corporation, will require the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote. 
  

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 9. Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation. The Corporation reserves the right at
any time and from time to time to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, and other provisions authorized by the laws of the State of Delaware at the time in force may be added or inserted, in the
manner now or hereafter prescribed herein or by applicable law; and all rights, preferences and privileges of whatsoever nature conferred upon stockholders, members of the Board of Directors or any other persons whomsoever by and pursuant to this
Certificate of Incorporation in its present form or as hereafter amended are granted subject to this reservation. 
 10.
Incorporator. The name and mailing address of the incorporator is William L. Boeing, 12377 Merit Drive, Suite 1700, Dallas, Texas 75251. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being the incorporator hereinabove named, does hereby execute this Certificate
of Incorporation this 16th day of November, 2007.

  

	
	
	/s/ William L. Boeing
	William L. Boeing, Incorporator

  

 -3-Bylaws of EXCO Services, Inc.

 Exhibit 4.13 

BYLAWS 

OF 

EXCO SERVICES, INC. 

Article I 

Offices 

Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation required by the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware to be maintained in the State of Delaware, shall be the registered office named in the original Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (as the same may be amended and restated from time to time, the “Certificate of
Incorporation”), or such other office as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors in the manner provided by law. Should the Corporation maintain a principal office within the State of Delaware such registered office need
not be identical to such principal office of the Corporation. 
 Section 2. Other Offices. The Corporation
may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require. 

Article II 

Stockholders 

Section 1. Place of Meetings. All meetings of the stockholders shall be held at the principal office of the
Corporation, or at such other place within or without the State of Delaware as shall be specified or fixed in the notices or waivers of notice thereof. 

Section 2. Quorum; Adjournment of Meetings. Unless otherwise required by law or provided in the Certificate of
Incorporation or these Bylaws, the holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of stockholders for the transaction of
business and the act of a majority of such stock so represented at any meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present shall constitute the act of the meeting of stockholders. The stockholders present at a duly organized meeting may continue to
transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. 

Notwithstanding the other provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the chairman of the meeting or the holders of a
majority of the issued and outstanding stock present in person or represented by proxy at any meeting of stockholders, whether or not a quorum is present, shall have the power to adjourn such meeting from time to time, without any notice other than
announcement at the meeting of the time and place of the holding of the adjourned meeting; provided, however, if the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned
meeting, a notice of the 
  

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adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. At any such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented any business may
be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. 
 Section 3. Annual
Meetings. An annual meeting of the stockholders, for the election of directors to succeed those whose terms expire and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting, shall be held at such place, within or
without the State of Delaware, on such date, and at such time as the Board of Directors shall fix and set forth in the notice of the meeting, which date shall be within thirteen (13) months subsequent to the later of the date of incorporation
or the last annual meeting of stockholders. 
 Section 4. Special Meetings. Unless otherwise provided in the
Certificate of Incorporation, special meetings of the stockholders for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board (if any), by the President or by a majority of the Board of Directors, or by a majority of the
executive committee (if any), and shall be called by the Chairman of the Board (if any), by the President or the Secretary upon the written request therefor, stating the purpose or purposes of the meeting, delivered to such officer, signed by the
holder(s) of at least ten percent (10%) of the issued and outstanding stock entitled to vote at such meeting. 

Section 5. Record Date. For the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of
stockholders, or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any
rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors of the Corporation may fix, in advance, a date as the record date for any such determination of stockholders,
which date shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action. 

If the Board of Directors does not fix a record date for any meeting of the stockholders, the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at such meeting shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if in accordance with Article VIII, Section 3 of these Bylaws notice is waived, at the close of
business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. If, in accordance with Section 12 of this Article II, corporate action without a meeting of stockholders is to be taken, the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to express consent to such corporate action in writing, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is necessary, shall be the day on which the first written consent is expressed. The record date for determining stockholders for any
other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. 

A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of
the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting. 
  

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 Section 6. Notice of Meetings. Written notice of the place, date and hour
of all meetings, and, in case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given by or at the direction of the Chairman of the Board (if any) or the President, the Secretary or the other person(s) calling
the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting. Such notice may be delivered either personally or by mail. If mailed, notice is given when
deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation. 

Section 7. Stock List. A complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders, arranged in
alphabetical order for each class of stock and showing the address of each such stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of such stockholder, shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the
meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to the list is provided with the
notice of the meeting, or during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. The stock list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected
by any stockholder who is present. 
 Section 8. Proxies. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of
stockholders or to express consent or dissent to a corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy. Proxies for use at any meeting of stockholders shall be filed with the Secretary, or
such other officer as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine by resolution, before or at the time of the meeting. All proxies shall be received and taken charge of and all ballots shall be received and canvassed by the secretary of
the meeting who shall decide all questions touching upon the qualification of voters, the validity of the proxies, and the acceptance or rejection of votes, unless an inspector or inspectors shall have been appointed by the chairman of the meeting,
in which event such inspector or inspectors shall decide all such questions. 
 No proxy shall be valid after three
(3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Each proxy shall be revocable unless expressly provided therein to be irrevocable and coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power.

 Should a proxy designate two or more persons to act as proxies, unless such instrument shall provide the contrary, a majority
of such persons present at any meeting at which their powers thereunder are to be exercised shall have and may exercise all the powers of voting or giving consents thereby conferred, or if only one be present, then such powers may be exercised by
that one; or, if an even number attend and a majority do not agree on any particular issue, each proxy so attending shall be entitled to exercise such powers in respect of the same portion of the shares as he or she is of the proxies representing
such shares. 
 Section 9. Voting; Elections; Inspectors. Unless otherwise required by law or provided in the
Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder shall have one vote for each share of stock entitled to vote which is registered in his name on the record date for the meeting. Shares registered in the name of another corporation, domestic or
foreign, may be voted by such 
  

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officer, agent or proxy as the bylaw (or comparable instrument) of such corporation may prescribe, or in the absence of such provision, as the Board of Directors (or comparable body) of such
corporation may determine. Shares registered in the name of a deceased person may be voted by his or her executor or administrator, either in person or by proxy. 

All voting, except as required by the Certificate of Incorporation or where otherwise required by law, may be by a voice vote; provided,
however, that upon demand therefor by stockholders holding a majority of the issued and outstanding stock present in person or by proxy at any meeting a stock vote shall be taken. Every stock vote shall be taken by written ballots, each of which
shall state the name of the stockholder or proxy voting and such other information as may be required under the procedure established for the meeting. All elections of directors shall be by ballot, unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of
Incorporation. 
 At any meeting at which a vote is taken by ballots, the chairman of the meeting may appoint one or more
inspectors, each of whom shall subscribe an oath or affirmation to execute faithfully the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. Such inspector shall receive the ballots, count
the votes and make and sign a certificate of the result thereof. The chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to serve as inspector, except no candidate for the office of director shall be appointed as an inspector. 

Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, cumulative voting for the election of directors shall be prohibited.

 Section 10. Conduct of Meetings. The meetings of the stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman
of the Board (if any), or if the Chairman of the Board is not present, by the President, or if neither the Chairman of the Board (if any), nor President is present, by a chairman elected at the meeting. The Secretary of the Corporation, if present,
shall act as secretary of such meetings, or if the Secretary is not present, an Assistant Secretary shall so act; if neither the Secretary nor an Assistant Secretary is present, then a secretary shall be appointed by the chairman of the meeting. The
chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall determine the order of business and the procedure at the meeting, including such regulation of the manner of voting and the conduct of discussion as seem to the chairman in order. Unless the chairman of
the meeting of stockholders shall otherwise determine, the order of business shall be as follows: 
  

	 	(a)	Calling of meeting to order. 

  

	 	(b)	Election of a chairman and the appointment of a secretary if necessary. 

  

	 	(c)	Presentation of proof of the due calling of the meeting. 

  

	 	(d)	Presentation and examination of proxies and determination of a quorum. 

  

	 	(e)	Reading and settlement of the minutes of the previous meeting. 

  

	 	(f)	Reports of officers and committees. 

  

	 	(g)	The election of directors if an annual meeting, or a meeting called for that purpose. 

 

	 	(h)	Unfinished business. 

  

	 	(i)	New business. 

  

	 	(j)	Adjournment. 

  

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 Section 11. Treasury Stock. The Corporation shall not vote, directly or
indirectly, shares of its own stock owned by it and such shares shall not be counted for quorum purposes. 

Section 12. Action Without Meeting. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any action
permitted or required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws to be taken at a meeting of stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so
taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted.
Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than a unanimous written consent shall be given by the Secretary to those stockholders who have not consented in writing. 

Article III 

Board of Directors 

Section 1. Power; Number; Term of Office. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the
direction of the Board of Directors, and subject to the restrictions imposed by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, they may exercise all the powers of the Corporation. 

The number of directors of the Corporation shall be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors, unless the
Certificate of Incorporation fixes the number of directors, in which case a change in the number of directors shall be made only by amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation. Each director shall hold office for the term for which he or she is
elected, and until his or her successor shall have been elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. 

Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, directors need not be stockholders nor residents of the State of Delaware.

 Section 2. Quorum. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, a majority of the total
number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business of the Board of Directors and the vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors.

 Section 3. Place of Meetings; Order of Business. The directors may hold their meetings and may have an
office and keep the books of the Corporation, except as otherwise provided by law, in such place or places, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine by resolution. At all meetings of the
Board of Directors business shall be transacted in such order as shall from time to time be determined by the Chairman of the Board (if any), or in the absence of the Chairman of the Board (if any) by the President, or by resolution of the Board of
Directors. 
 Section 4. First Meeting. Each newly elected Board of Directors may hold its first meeting for
the purpose of organization and the transaction of business, if a quorum is present, immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of the stockholders. Notice of 

 

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such meeting shall not be required. At the first meeting of the Board of Directors in each year at which a quorum shall be present, held next after the annual meeting of stockholders, the Board
of Directors shall proceed to the election of the officers of the Corporation. 
 Section 5. Regular
Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such times and places as shall be designated from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. Notice of such regular meetings shall not be required. 

Section 6. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board (if
any), the President or, on the written request of any two directors, by the Secretary, in each case on at least twenty-four (24) hours personal, written, telegraphic, cable or wireless notice to each director. Such notice, or any waiver thereof
pursuant to Article VIII, Section 3 hereof, need not state the purpose or purposes of such meeting, except as may otherwise be required by law or provided for in the Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws. 

Section 7. Removal. Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the
holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors; provided that, unless the Certificate of Incorporation otherwise provides, if the Board of Directors is classified, then the stockholders may effect such removal
only for cause; and provided further that, if the Certificate of Incorporation expressly grants to stockholders the right to cumulate votes for the election of directors and if less than the entire board is to be removed, no director may be removed
without cause if the votes cast against his or her removal would be sufficient to elect him or her if then cumulatively voted at an election of the entire Board of Directors, or, if there be classes of directors, at an election of the class of
directors of which such director is a part. 
 Section 8. Vacancies; Increases in the Number of Directors.
Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less
than a quorum, or a sole remaining director; and any director so chosen shall hold office until the next annual election and until his or her successor shall be duly elected and shall qualify, unless sooner displaced. 

If the directors of the Corporation are divided into classes, any directors elected to fill vacancies or newly created directorships
shall hold office until the next election of the class for which such directors shall have been chosen, and until their successors shall be duly elected and shall qualify. 

Section 9. Compensation. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors shall
have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. 
 Section 10. Action Without a Meeting; Telephone
Conference Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may be taken
without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or 
  

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committee, as the case may be consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. Such consent shall have the
same force and effect as a unanimous vote at a meeting, and may be stated as such in any document or instrument filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware. 

Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, subject to the requirement for notice of meetings, members of the Board
of Directors, or members of any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of such Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means
of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in such a meeting shall constitute presence in person at such meeting, except where a person participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to
the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. 
 Section 11.
Approval or Ratification of Acts or Contracts by Stockholders. The Board of Directors in its discretion may submit any act or contract for approval or ratification at any annual meeting of the stockholders, or at any special meeting of the
stockholders called for the purpose of considering any such act or contract, and any act or contract that shall be approved or be ratified by the vote of the stockholders holding a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of stock of the
Corporation entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy at such meeting (provided that a quorum is present), shall be as valid and as binding upon the Corporation and upon all the stockholders as if it has been approved or ratified by every
stockholder of the Corporation. In addition, any such act or contract may be approved or ratified by the written consent of stockholders holding a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote and
such consent shall be as valid and as binding upon the Corporation and upon all the stockholders as if it had been approved or ratified by every stockholder of the Corporation. 

Article IV 

Committees 

Section 1. Designation; Powers. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board,
designate one or more committees, including, if they shall so determine, an executive committee, each such committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. Any such designated committee shall have and may exercise such of the
powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation as may be provided in such resolution, except that no such committee shall have the power or authority of the Board of Directors in
reference to amending the Certificate of Incorporation, adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s property and assets,
recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution of the Corporation, or amending, altering or repealing the bylaws or adopting new bylaws for the Corporation and, unless such resolution or the
Certificate of Incorporation expressly so provides, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of stock. Any such designated committee may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be
affixed to all papers which may require it. In addition to the above such committee or committees shall have such other powers and limitations of authority as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.

  

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 Section 2. Procedure; Meetings; Quorum. Any committee designated pursuant
to Section 1 of this Article shall choose its own chairman, shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings and report the same to the Board of Directors when requested, shall fix its own rules or procedures, and shall meet at such times and at
such place or places as may be provided by such rules, or by resolution of such committee or resolution of the Board of Directors. At every meeting of any such committee, the presence of a majority of all the members thereof shall constitute a
quorum and the affirmative vote of a majority of the members present shall be necessary for the adoption by it of any resolution. 

Section 3. Substitution of Members. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of
any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether
or not constituting a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of the absent or disqualified member. 

Article V 

Officers 

Section 1. Number, Titles and Term of Office. The officers of the Corporation shall be a President and a Secretary
and, if the Board of Directors so elects, a Chairman of the Board, one or more Vice Presidents (any one or more of whom may be designated Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President), a Treasurer and such other officers as the Board of
Directors may from time to time elect or appoint. Each officer shall hold office until his or her successor shall be duly elected and shall qualify or until his death or until he shall resign or shall have been removed in the manner hereinafter
provided. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless the Certificate of Incorporation provides otherwise. Except for the Chairman of the Board, if any, no officer need be a director. 

Section 2. Salaries. The salaries or other compensation of the officers and agents of the Corporation shall be fixed
from time to time by the Board of Directors. 
 Section 3. Removal. Any officer or agent elected or appointed
by the Board of Directors may be removed, either with or without cause, by the vote of a majority of the whole Board of Directors at a special meeting called for the purpose, or at any regular meeting of the Board of Directors, provided the notice
for such meeting shall specify that the matter of any such proposed removal will be considered at the meeting but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Election or appointment of an officer
or agent shall not of itself create contract rights. 
 Section 4. Vacancies. Any vacancy occurring in any
office of the Corporation may be filled by the Board of Directors. 
  

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 Section 5. Powers and Duties of the Chief Executive Officer. The
President shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation unless the Board of Directors designates the Chairman of the Board as chief executive officer. Subject to the control of the Board of Directors and the executive committee (if any),
the chief executive officer shall have general executive charge, management and control of the properties, business and operations of the Corporation with all such powers as may be reasonably incident to such responsibilities; he or she may agree
upon and execute all leases, contracts, evidences of indebtedness and other obligations in the name of the Corporation and may sign all certificates for shares of capital stock of the Corporation; and shall have such other powers and duties as
designated in accordance with these Bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors. 

Section 6. Powers and Duties of the Chairman of the Board. If elected, the Chairman of the Board shall preside at all
meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors; and he shall have such other powers and duties as designated in these bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors. 

Section 7. Powers and Duties of the President. Unless the Board of Directors otherwise determines, the President shall
have the authority to agree upon and execute all leases, contracts, evidences of indebtedness and other obligations in the name of the Corporation; and, unless the Board of Directors otherwise determines, the President shall, in the absence of the
Chairman of the Board or if there be no Chairman of the Board, preside at all meetings of the stockholders and (should the President be a director) of the Board of Directors; and the President shall have such other powers and duties as designated in
accordance with these Bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to the President by the Board of Directors. 

Section 8. Vice Presidents. In the absence of the President, or in the event of the President’s inability or
refusal to act, a Vice President designated by the Board of Directors shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. In the absence of a
designation by the Board of Directors of a Vice President to perform the duties of the President, or in the event of his or her absence or inability or refusal to act, the Vice President who is present and who is senior in terms of time as a Vice
President of the Corporation shall so act. The Vice Presidents shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. 

Section 9. Treasurer. The Treasurer, if any, shall have responsibility for the custody and control of all the funds
and securities of the Corporation, and he or she shall have such other powers and duties as designated in these bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors. He or she shall perform all acts incident to the
position of Treasurer, subject to the control of the chief executive officer and the Board of Directors; and he or she shall, if required by the Board of Directors, give such bond for the faithful discharge of his or her duties in such form as the
Board of Directors may require. 
 Section 10. Assistant Treasurers. Each Assistant Treasurer, if any, shall
have the usual powers and duties pertaining to his or her office, together with such other powers and duties as designated in these Bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the chief executive officer or the Board of
Directors. The Assistant Treasurers shall exercise the powers of the Treasurer during that officer’s absence or inability or refusal to act. 
  

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 Section 11. Secretary. The Secretary shall keep the minutes of all
meetings of the Board of Directors, committees of directors and the stockholders, in books provided for that purpose; he or she shall attend to the giving and serving of all notices; he or she may, in the name of the Corporation, affix the seal of
the Corporation to all contracts of the Corporation and attest the affixation of the seal of the Corporation thereto; he or she may sign with the other appointed officers all certificates for shares of capital stock of the Corporation; he or she
shall have charge of the certificate books, transfer books and stock ledgers, and such other books and papers as the Board of Directors may direct, all of which shall at all reasonable times be open to inspection of any director upon application at
the office of the Corporation during business hours; he or she shall have such other powers and duties as designated in these Bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors; and he or she shall in general
perform all acts incident to the office of Secretary, subject to the control of the chief executive officer and the Board of Directors. 

Section 12. Assistant Secretaries. Each Assistant Secretary, if any, shall have the usual powers and duties pertaining
to his or her office, together with such other powers and duties as designated in these Bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the chief executive officer or the Board of Directors. The Assistant Secretaries shall exercise
the powers of the Secretary during that officer’s absence or inability or refusal to act. 
 Section 13.
Action with Respect to Securities of Other Corporations. Unless otherwise directed by the Board of Directors, the chief executive officer shall have power to vote and otherwise act on behalf of the Corporation, in person or by proxy, at any
meeting of security holders of or with respect to any action of security holders of any other corporation in which this Corporation may hold securities and otherwise to exercise any and all rights and powers which this Corporation may possess by
reason of its ownership of securities in such other corporation. 
 Article VI 

Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and Agents 

Section 1. Right to Indemnification. Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or
is involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was
or has agreed to become a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving or has agreed to serve at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust
or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director or officer or in any other capacity while serving or having agreed to serve
as a director or officer, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, (but, in the case of any such amendment,
only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the 

 

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Corporation to provide prior to such amendment) against all expense, liability and loss (including without limitation, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and
amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to serve in the capacity which initially entitled such person to
indemnity hereunder and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof),
other than a proceeding (or part thereof) brought under Section 3 of this Article VI, initiated by such person or his or her heirs, executors and administrators only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors
of the Corporation. The right to indemnification conferred in this Article VI shall be a contract right and shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final
disposition; provided, however, that, if the Delaware General Corporation Law requires, the payment of such expenses incurred by a current, former or proposed director or officer in his or her capacity as a director or officer or proposed director
or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is or has been agreed to be rendered by such person while a director or officer, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) in advance of the final
disposition of a proceeding, shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such indemnified person, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such indemnified person is not
entitled to be indemnified under this Section or otherwise. 
 Section 2. Indemnification of Employees and
Agents. The Corporation may, by action of its Board of Directors, provide indemnification to employees and agents of the Corporation, individually or as a group, with the same scope and effect as the indemnification of directors and officers
provided for in this Article. 
 Section 3. Right of Claimant to Bring Suit. If a written claim received by
the Corporation from or on behalf of an indemnified party under this Article VI is not paid in full by the Corporation within ninety days after such receipt, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the
unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting such claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for
expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any is required, has been tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make it
permissible under the Delaware General Corporation Law for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its
Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable
standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable
standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct. 
  

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 Section 4. Nonexclusivity of Rights. The right to indemnification and the
advancement and payment of expenses conferred in this Article VI shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any law (common or statutory), provision of the Certificate of Incorporation of the
Corporation, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. 
 Section 5.
Insurance. The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any person who is or was serving as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such
expense, liability or loss under the Delaware General Corporation Law. 
 Section 6. Savings Clause. If this
Article VI or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify and hold harmless each director and officer of the Corporation, as to costs, charges and
expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative to the full extent permitted by any applicable
portion of this Article VI that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. 

Section 7. Definitions. For purposes of this Article, reference to the “Corporation” shall include, in
addition to the Corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger prior to (or, in the case of an entity specifically designated in a resolution of the Board of Directors,
after) the adoption hereof and which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had the power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or
agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the
same position under the provisions of this Article with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. 

Article VII 

Capital Stock 

Section 1. Certificates of Stock. The certificates for shares of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be in such
form, not inconsistent with that required by law and the Certificate of Incorporation, as shall be approved by the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board (if any), President or a Vice President shall cause to be issued to each stockholder one
or more certificates, under the seal of the Corporation or a facsimile thereof if the Board of Directors shall have provided for such seal, and signed by the Chairman of the Board (if any), President or a Vice President and the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer certifying the number of shares (and, if the stock of the Corporation shall be divided into classes or series, the class and series of such shares) owned by such stockholder in the

  

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Corporation; provided, however, that any of or all the signatures on the certificate may be facsimile. The stock record books and the blank stock certificate books shall be kept by the Secretary,
or at the office of such transfer agent or transfer agents as the Board of Directors may from time to time by resolution determine. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who shall have signed or whose facsimile signature or signatures
shall have been placed upon any such certificate or certificates shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued by the Corporation, such certificate may nevertheless be issued by the Corporation
with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. The stock certificates shall be consecutively numbered and shall be entered in the books of the Corporation as they are issued and shall
exhibit the holder’s name and number of shares. 
 Section 2. Transfer of Shares. The shares of stock of
the Corporation shall be transferable only on the books of the Corporation by the holders thereof in person or by their duly authorized attorneys or legal representatives upon surrender and cancellation of certificates for a like number of shares.
Upon surrender to the Corporation or a transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue
a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books. 

Section 3. Ownership of Shares. The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares
of capital stock of the Corporation as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have
express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Delaware. 
 Section 4.
Regulations Regarding Certificates. The Board of Directors shall have the power and authority to make all such rules and regulations as they may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration or the replacement of certificates
for shares of capital stock of the Corporation. 
 Section 5. Lost or Destroyed Certificates. The Board of
Directors may determine the conditions upon which a new certificate of stock may be issued in place of a certificate which is alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed; and may, in their discretion, require the owner of such certificate or his
or her legal representative to give bond, with sufficient surety, to indemnify the Corporation and each transfer agent and registrar against any and all losses or claims which may arise by reason of the issue of a new certificate in the place of the
one so lost, stolen or destroyed. 
 Article VIII 

Miscellaneous Provisions 

Section 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be such as established from time to time by the Board
of Directors. 
  

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 Section 2. Corporate Seal. The Board of Directors may provide a suitable
seal, containing the name of the Corporation. The Secretary shall have charge of the seal (if any). If and when so directed by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof, duplicates of the seal may be kept and used by the Treasurer or by the
Assistant Secretary or Assistant Treasurer. 
 Section 3. Notice and Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is
required to be given by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or under the provisions of these Bylaws, said notice shall be deemed to be sufficient if given (i) by telegraphic, cable or wireless transmission or (ii) by deposit of the same
in a post office box in a sealed prepaid wrapper addressed to the person entitled thereto at his post office address, as it appears on the records of the Corporation, and such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the day of such transmission
or mailing, as the case may be. 
 Whenever notice is required to be given by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or under any
of the provisions of these Bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a
waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the
business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders, directors, or members of a committee of directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by the Certificate of
Incorporation or the Bylaws. 
 Section 4. Resignations. Any director, member of a committee or officer may
resign at any time. Such resignation shall be made in writing and shall take effect at the time specified therein, or if no time be specified, at the time of its receipt by the chief executive officer or Secretary. The acceptance of a resignation
shall not be necessary to make it effective, unless expressly so provided in the resignation. 
 Section 5.
Facsimile Signatures. In addition to the provisions for the use of facsimile signatures elsewhere specifically authorized in these Bylaws, facsimile signatures of any officer or officers of the Corporation may be used whenever and as
authorized by the Board of Directors. 
 Section 6. Reliance upon Books, Reports and Records. Each director
and each member of any committee designated by the Board of Directors shall, in the performance of his duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the books of account or reports made to the Corporation by any of its officers, or by an
independent certified public accountant, or by an appraiser selected with reasonable care by the Board of Directors or by any such committee, or in relying in good faith upon other records of the Corporation. 

 

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 Article IX 

Amendments 

If provided in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, the Board of Directors shall have the power to adopt, amend and
repeal from time to time the Bylaws of the Corporation, subject to the right of the stockholders entitled to vote with respect thereto to amend or repeal such Bylaws as adopted or amended by the Board of Directors. 

 

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