Document:

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                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.2

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                            VIROPHARMA INCORPORATED,

                                     ISSUER

                                      AND

                     [___________________________________],

                                    TRUSTEE

                                   INDENTURE

                         DATED AS OF [__________], 2001

                          SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES

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                            CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE(1)

       Section of Trust
        Indenture Act                                 Section of
of 1939, as amended Indenture                         Indenture
-----------------------------                         ---------
310(a)..............................................  7.09
310(b)..............................................  7.08
 ....................................................  7.10
310(c)..............................................  Applicable
311(a)..............................................  7.13(a)
311(b)..............................................  7.13(b)
311(c)..............................................  Inapplicable
312(a)..............................................  5.02(a)
312(b)..............................................  5.02(b)
312(c)..............................................  5.02(c)
313(a)..............................................  5.04(a)
313(b)..............................................  5.04(b)
313(c)..............................................  5.04(a)
 ....................................................  5.04(b)
313(d)..............................................  5.04(c)
314(a)..............................................  5.03
314(b)..............................................  Inapplicable
314(c)..............................................  13.06
314(d)..............................................  Inapplicable
314(e)..............................................  13.06
314(f)..............................................  Inapplicable
315(a)..............................................  7.01(a)
 ....................................................  7.02
315(b)..............................................  6.07
315(c)..............................................  7.01
315(d)..............................................  7.01(b)
 ....................................................  7.01(c)
315(e)..............................................  6.07
316(a)..............................................  6.06
 ....................................................  8.04
316(b)..............................................  6.04
316(c)..............................................  8.01
317(a)..............................................  6.02
317(b)..............................................  4.03
318(a)..............................................  13.08

_________________
(1)  This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of the Indenture
and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its
terms or provisions.

                                     -ii-
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                              TABLE OF CONTENTS(2)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                 Page
                                                                                 ----
<S>                                                                              <C>
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS............................................................   1
 SECTION 1.01. Definitions of Terms..............................................   1

ARTICLE II ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE
 OF SECURITIES...................................................................   4

 SECTION 2.01. Designation and Terms of Securities...............................   4
 SECTION 2.02. Form of Securities and Trustee's Certificate......................   5
 SECTION 2.03. Denominations:  Provisions for Payment............................   5
 SECTION 2.04. Execution and Authentications.....................................   6
 SECTION 2.05. Registration of Transfer and Exchange.............................   7
 SECTION 2.06. Temporary Securities..............................................   8
 SECTION 2.07. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities...................   8
 SECTION 2.08. Cancellation......................................................   9
 SECTION 2.09. Benefits of Indenture.............................................   9
 SECTION 2.10. Authenticating Agent..............................................   9
 SECTION 2.11. Global Securities.................................................   9

ARTICLE III REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS.................  10

 SECTION 3.01. Redemption........................................................  10
 SECTION 3.02. Notice of Redemption..............................................  10
 SECTION 3.03. Payment Upon Redemption...........................................  11
 SECTION 3.04. Sinking Fund......................................................  11
 SECTION 3.05. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.............  12
 SECTION 3.06. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.........................  12

ARTICLE IV COVENANTS.............................................................  12

 SECTION 4.01. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest........................  12
 SECTION 4.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency...................................  12
 SECTION 4.03. Paying Agents.....................................................  13
 SECTION 4.04. Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee..................  13
 SECTION 4.05. Compliance with Consolidation Provisions..........................  13

ARTICLE V SECURITYHOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE......  14

 SECTION 5.01. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders.  14
 SECTION 5.02. Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders..  14
 SECTION 5.03. Reports by the Company............................................  14
 SECTION 5.04. Reports by the Trustee............................................  15

ARTICLE VI REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON
 EVENT OF DEFAULT................................................................  15

 SECTION 6.01. Events of Default.................................................  15
</TABLE>

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<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                <C>
 SECTION 6.02.  Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee...  16
 SECTION 6.03.  Application of Moneys Collected...................................  17
 SECTION 6.04.  Limitation on Suits...............................................  18
 SECTION 6.05.  Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver......  18
 SECTION 6.06.  Control by Securityholders........................................  18
 SECTION 6.07.  Undertaking to Pay Costs..........................................  19

ARTICLE VII CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE................................................  19

 SECTION 7.01.  Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee....................  19
 SECTION 7.02.  Certain Rights of Trustee.........................................  20
 SECTION 7.03.  Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities....  21
 SECTION 7.04.  May Hold Securities...............................................  21
 SECTION 7.05.  Moneys Held in Trust..............................................  21
 SECTION 7.06.  Compensation and Reimbursement....................................  21
 SECTION 7.07.  Reliance on Officers' Certificate.................................  22
 SECTION 7.08.  Disqualification; Conflicting Interests...........................  22
 SECTION 7.09.  Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility...........................  22
 SECTION 7.10.  Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.................  22
 SECTION 7.11.  Acceptance of Appointment By Successor............................  23
 SECTION 7.12.  Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.......  24
 SECTION 7.13.  Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company.............  24

ARTICLE VIII CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS.......................................  24

 SECTION 8.01.  Evidence of Action by Securityholders.............................  24
 SECTION 8.02.  Proof of Execution by Securityholders.............................  25
 SECTION 8.03.  Who May be Deemed Owners..........................................  25
 SECTION 8.04.  Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded...................  25
 SECTION 8.05.  Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.........................  26

ARTICLE IX SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.... ...........................................  26

 SECTION 9.01.  Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders....  26
 SECTION 9.02.  Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders...........  27
 SECTION 9.03.  Effect of Supplemental Indentures.................................  27
 SECTION 9.04.  Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures....................  27
 SECTION 9.05.  Execution of Supplemental Indentures..............................  27

ARTICLE X SUCCESSOR ENTITY........................................................  28

 SECTION 10.01. Company May Consolidate, Etc......................................  28
 SECTION 10.02. Successor Entity Substituted......................................  28
 SECTION 10.03. Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee........................  28

ARTICLE XI SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE.............................................  29

 SECTION 11.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture...........................  29
 SECTION 11.02. Discharge of Obligations..........................................  29
</TABLE>

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<TABLE>
<S>                                                                               <C>
 SECTION 11.03. Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust.............................  29
 SECTION 11.04. Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents..........................  29
 SECTION 11.05. Repayment to Company.............................................  30

ARTICLE XII IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS......  30

 SECTION 12.01. No Recourse......................................................  30

ARTICLE XIII MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS............................................  30

 SECTION 13.01. Effect on Successors and Assigns.................................  30
 SECTION 13.02. Actions by Successor.............................................  30
 SECTION 13.03. Surrender of Company Powers......................................  30
 SECTION 13.04. Notices..........................................................  31
 SECTION 13.05. Governing Law....................................................  31
 SECTION 13.06. Treatment of Securities as Debt..................................  31
 SECTION 13.07. Compliance Certificates and Opinions.............................  31
 SECTION 13.08. Payments on Business Days........................................  31
 SECTION 13.09. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act................................  31
 SECTION 13.10. Counterparts.....................................................  32
 SECTION 13.11. Separability.....................................................  32
 SECTION 13.12. Assignment.......................................................  32

ARTICLE XIV SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES..........................................  32

 SECTION 14.1. Subordination Terms...............................................  32

</TABLE>

(2)  This Table of Contents does not constitute part of the Indenture and
shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or
provisions.

                                      -v-
<PAGE>

              INDENTURE, dated as of [ ], 2001, among ViroPharma Incorporated, a
Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and [ ], as trustee (the "Trustee"):

              WHEREAS, for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly
authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the
issuance of unsecured subordinated debt securities (hereinafter referred to as
the "Securities"), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from
time to time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered
Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the certificate of the
Trustee;

              WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions upon which the
Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly
authorized the execution of this Indenture; and

              WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid
agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

              NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the purchase
of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed
as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:

                                   ARTICLE I
                                  DEFINITIONS

SECTION 1.01. Definitions of Terms.

              The terms defined in this Section (except as in this Indenture
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all
purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have
the respective meanings specified in this Section and shall include the plural
as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined
in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such
Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933 as amended (except as herein otherwise
expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have the
meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said
Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this instrument.

              "Authenticating Agent" means an authenticating agent with respect
to all or any of the series of Securities appointed with respect to all or any
series of the Securities by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.

              "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal
or state law for the relief of debtors.

              "Board of Directors" means the Board of Directors of the Company
or any duly authorized committee of such Board.

              "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by
the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification.

              "Business Day" means, with respect to any series of Securities,
any day other than a day on which Federal or State banking institutions in the
Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, are authorized or obligated by law,
executive order or regulation to close.

              "Certificate" means a certificate signed by the principal
executive officer, the principal financial officer or the principal accounting
officer of the Company. The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of
Section 13.07.
<PAGE>

          "Company" means ViroPharma Incorporated, a corporation duly organized
and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and, subject to the
provisions of Article Ten, shall also include its successors and assigns.

          "Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Trustee at which, at
any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally
administered, which office at the date hereof is located at [ ], except that
whenever a provision herein refers to an office or agency of the Trustee in the
Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, such office is located, at the date
hereof, at [ ].

          "Custodian" means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, or
similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

          "Default" means any event, act or condition that with notice or lapse
of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.

          "Depositary" means, with respect to Securities of any series, for
which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a
Global Security, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, another
clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the
Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or other
applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by
the Company pursuant to either Section 2.01 or 2.11.

          "Event of Default" means, with respect to Securities of a particular
series any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for the period of time, if
any, therein designated.

          "Global Security" means, with respect to any series of Securities, a
Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary
or pursuant to the Depositary's instruction, all in accordance with the
Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its
nominee.

          "Governmental Obligations" means securities that are (i) direct
obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full
faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or
supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of
America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and
credit obligation by the United States of America that, in either case, are not
callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also
include a depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) as custodian with respect to any such
Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any
such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the
holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required
by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount
payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the
custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of
principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such
depositary receipt.

          "Herein", "hereof" and "hereunder", and other words of similar import,
refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or
other subdivision.

          "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed or as it may
from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.

          "Interest Payment Date", when used with respect to any installment of
interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such
Security or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with
respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment of interest
with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.

          "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the President or
a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the
Controller or an Assistant Controller or the Secretary or an Assistant

                                      -2-
<PAGE>

Secretary of the Company that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the
terms hereof. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in
Section 13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.

          "Opinion of Counsel" means an opinion in writing of legal counsel, who
may be an employee of or counsel for the Company that is delivered to the
Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the
statements provided for in Section 13.07, if and to the extent required by the
provisions thereof.

          "Outstanding", when used with reference to Securities of any series,
means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, as of any particular time, all
Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee
under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee
or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for
cancellation or that have previously been canceled; (b) Securities or portions
thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental
Obligations in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the
Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall have been set
aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its
own paying agent); provided, however, that if such Securities or portions of
such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such
redemption shall have been given as in Article Three provided, or provision
satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and (c)
Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have
been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.07.

          "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint-
venture, joint-stock company, unincorporated organization or government or any
agency or political subdivision thereof.

          "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security
authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in lieu of a lost, destroyed or
stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed
or stolen Security.

          "Responsible Officer" when used with respect to the Trustee means the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President, the
Secretary, the Treasurer, any trust officer, any corporate trust officer or any
other officer or assistant officer of the Trustee customarily performing
functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be
such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred
because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

          "Securities" means the debt Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.

          "Securityholder", "holder of Securities", "registered holder", or
other similar term, means the Person or Persons in whose name or names a
particular Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for
that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.

          "Subsidiary" means, with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation at
least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Stock shall at the time be owned,
directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or
by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries, (ii) any general
partnership, joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose
outstanding partnership or similar interests shall at the time be owned by such
Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such Person and one or more
of its Subsidiaries and (iii) any limited partnership of which such Person or
any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner.

          "Trustee" means [ ], and, subject to the provisions of Article Seven,
shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more
than one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, "Trustee" shall mean each
such Person. The term "Trustee" as used with respect to a particular series of
the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.

          "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended, subject to the provisions of Sections 9.01, 9.02, and 10.01, as in
effect at the date of execution of this instrument.

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

          "Voting Stock", as applied to stock of any Person, means shares,
interests, participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however
designated) in such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a
majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of such Person, other than shares,
interests, participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason
of the occurrence of a contingency.

                                  ARTICLE II
 ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES

SECTION 2.01. Designation and Terms of Securities.

                   (a)  The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities
may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of
Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or pursuant to a Board
Resolution of the Company or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental
hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series, there shall
be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, and set
forth in an Officers' Certificate of the Company, or established in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto:

                        (1)  the title of the Security of the series (which
shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other Securities);

                        (2)  any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration
of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of that
series);

                        (3)  the date or dates on which the principal of the
Securities of the series is payable and the place(s) of payment;

                        (4)  the rate or rates at which the Securities of the
series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates,
if any;

                        (5)  the date or dates from which such interest shall
accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the
manner of determination of such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment,
and the record date for the determination of holders to whom interest is payable
on any such Interest Payment Dates;

                        (6)  the right, if any, to extend the interest payment
periods and the duration of such extension;

                        (7)  the period or periods within which, the price or
prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the
series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;

                        (8)  the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or
purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
provisions (including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking
fund obligations) or at the option of a holder thereof and the period or periods
within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon
which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in
part, pursuant to such obligation;

                        (9)  the subordination terms of the Securities of the
series;

                        (10) the form of the Securities of the series including
the form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series;

                                      -4-
<PAGE>

                        (11) if other than denominations of one thousand U.S.
dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which
the Securities of the series shall be issuable;

                        (12) any and all other terms with respect to such series
(which terms shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture, as
amended by any supplemental indenture) including any terms which may be required
by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable in
connection with the marketing of Securities of that series;

                        (13) whether the Securities are issuable as a Global
Security and, in such case, the identity of the Depositary for such series;

                        (14) whether the Securities will be convertible into
shares of common stock or other securities of the Company and, if so, the terms
and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible, including the
conversion price and the conversion period;

                        (15) if other than the principal amount thereof, the
portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be
payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to
Section 6.01; and

                        (16) any additional or different Events of Default or
restrictive covenants provided for with respect to the Securities of the series.

              All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical
except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant
to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures supplemental hereto.

             If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken
pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record
of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of
the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the
Officers' Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.

              Securities of any particular series may be issued at various
times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of
principal is payable, with different rates of interest, if any, or different
methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on
which such interest may be payable and with different redemption dates.

SECTION 2.02. Form of Securities and Trustee's Certificate.

              The Securities of any series and the Trustee's certificate of
authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the
tenor and purport as set forth in one or more indentures supplemental hereto or
as provided in a Board Resolution of the Company and as set forth in an
Officers' Certificate of the Company and may have such letters, numbers or other
marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed,
lithographed or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are
not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to
comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with
any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which Securities of that series
may be listed, or to conform to usage.

SECTION 2.03. Denominations:  Provisions for Payment.

              The Securities shall be issuable as registered Securities and in
the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple
thereof, subject to Section 2.01(11). The Securities of a particular series
shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect
to that series. The principal of and the interest on the Securities of any
series, as well as any premium thereon in case of redemption thereof prior to
maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of
America that at the time is legal tender for public and private debt, at the
office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in the Borough of

                                      -5-
<PAGE>

Manhattan, the City and State of New York. Each Security shall be dated the date
of its authentication. Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis
of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.

              The interest installment on any Security that is payable, and is
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for
Securities of that series shall be paid to the Person in whose name said
Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of
business on the regular record date for such interest installment. In the event
that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is called for
redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with
respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest Payment Date,
interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such
Security as provided in Section 3.03.

              Any interest on any Security that is payable, but is not
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for
Securities of the same series (herein called "Defaulted Interest") shall
forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular
record date by virtue of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest
shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in clause (1) or
clause (2) below:

                             (1)   The Company may make payment of any Defaulted
Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their
respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a
special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be
fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing
of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such Security
and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall
deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount
proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make
arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of
the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the
benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause
provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment
of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days
prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the
receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall
promptly notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at
the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such
Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor to be mailed, first
class postage prepaid, to each Securityholder at his or her address as it
appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than 10 days
prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such
Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor having been mailed as
aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names
such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on
such special record date.

                             (2)   The Company may make payment of any Defaulted
Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the
requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed,
and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given
by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause,
such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

              Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution of the Company or
one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series
of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the term "regular record date" as
used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities with respect to any
Interest Payment Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the
month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date
established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such
Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the last day of the month
immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established
for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest
Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a
Business Day.

              Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security
of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for
or in lieu of any other Security of such series shall carry the rights to
interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other
Security.

SECTION 2.04. Execution and Authentications.

                                      -6-
<PAGE>

              The Securities shall be signed on behalf of the Company by its
President, or one of its Vice Presidents, or its Treasurer, or one of its
Assistant Treasurers, or its Secretary, or one of its Assistant Secretaries,
under its corporate seal attested by its Secretary or one of its Assistant
Secretaries. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.
The Company may use the facsimile signature of any Person who shall have been a
President or Vice President thereof, or of any Person who shall have been a
Secretary or Assistant Secretary thereof, notwithstanding the fact that at the
time the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered or disposed of such
Person shall have ceased to be the President or a Vice President, or the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Company. The seal of the Company may
be in the form of a facsimile of such seal and may be impressed, affixed,
imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities. The Securities may contain
such notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or
usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication by the
Trustee.

              A Security shall not be valid until authenticated manually by an
authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such
signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has
been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled
to the benefits of this Indenture.

              At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery
of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by
the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of
the Company for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by
its President or any Vice President and its Secretary or any Assistant
Secretary, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order shall
authenticate and deliver such Securities.

              In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional
responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the
Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be
fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and
terms thereof have been established in conformity with the provisions of this
Indenture.

              The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities
if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the
Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this
Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the
Trustee.

SECTION 2.05. Registration of Transfer and Exchange.

                             (1)   Securities of any series may be exchanged
upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for
such purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, for
other Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like
aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or
other governmental charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section.
In respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall
execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver
in exchange therefor the Security or Securities of the same series that the
Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers
not contemporaneously outstanding.

                             (2)   The Company shall keep, or cause to be kept,
at its office or agency designated for such purpose in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City and State of New York, or such other location designated by the Company
a register or registers (herein referred to as the "Security Register") in
which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company
shall register the Securities and the transfers of Securities as in this Article
provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the
Trustee. The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of
Securities as herein provided shall be appointed as authorized by Board
Resolution (the "Security Registrar").

Upon surrender for transfer of any Security at the office or agency of the
Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee
shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the
transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series as the
Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount.

                                      -7-
<PAGE>

All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange or registration of
transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by
the Company or the Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of
transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly
executed by the registered holder or by such holder's duly authorized attorney
in writing.

                             (3)   No service charge shall be made for any
exchange or registration of transfer of Securities, or issue of new Securities
in case of partial redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment
of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation
thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.06, Section 3.03(b) and
Section 9.04 not involving any transfer.

The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the
transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business
15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all
the Outstanding Securities of the same series and ending at the close of
business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or
exchange any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption.
The provisions of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any Global Security,
subject to Section 2.11 hereof.

SECTION 2.06. Temporary Securities.

              Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series,
the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver,
temporary Securities (printed, lithographed or typewritten) of any authorized
denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of
the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such
omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary
Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of
any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated by the Trustee
upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like
effect, as the definitive Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay
the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series
and thereupon any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered
in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders), at the office or agency of
the Company designated for the purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and
State of New York, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency
shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate
principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company
advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be
executed and furnished until further notice from the Company. Until so
exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same
benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series
authenticated and delivered hereunder.

SECTION 2.07. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities.

              In case any temporary or definitive Security shall become
mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next
succeeding sentence) shall execute, and upon the Company's request the Trustee
(subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the
same series, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and
substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for
the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a
substituted Security shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security
or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in
every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to
the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction,
loss or theft of the applicant's Security and of the ownership thereof. The
Trustee may authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver the same upon
the written request or authorization of any officer of the Company. Upon the
issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a
sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed
in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of
the Trustee) connected therewith. In case any Security that has matured or is
about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the
Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or authorize the
payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated
Security) if the applicant for such payment shall furnish to the Company and the
Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless,
and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the
Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security and
of the ownership thereof.

                                      -8-
<PAGE>

              Every replacement Security issued pursuant to the provisions of
this Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the
Company whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall
be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all
the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all
other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall
be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are
exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all
other rights or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or
hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of
negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.

SECTION 2.08. Cancellation.

              All Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment, redemption,
exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any
paying agent, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered
to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in
lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions
of this Indenture. On request of the Company at the time of such surrender, the
Trustee shall deliver to the Company canceled Securities held by the Trustee. In
the absence of such request the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in
accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition
to the Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities,
however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of
the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

SECTION 2.09. Benefits of Indenture.

              Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or
implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the
parties hereto and the holders of the Securities (and, with respect to the
provisions of Article Fourteen, the holders of Senior Indebtedness) any legal or
equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under
any covenant, condition or provision herein contained; all such covenants,
conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and
of the holders of the Securities (and, with respect to the provisions of Article
Fourteen, the holders of Senior Indebtedness).

SECTION 2.10. Authenticating Agent.

              So long as any of the Securities of any series remain Outstanding
there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities
which the Trustee shall have the right to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent
shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities
of such series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and
Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture
and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the
Trustee hereunder. All references in this Indenture to the authentication of
Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an
Authenticating Agent for such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital
and surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the
laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized or in which it is doing
business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under
such laws to conduct such business and is subject to supervision or examination
by Federal or State authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall
cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign
immediately.

              Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign by giving written
notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any
time (and upon request by the Company shall) terminate the agency of any
Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or
cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an
eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor
Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become
vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if
originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto.

SECTION 2.11. Global Securities.

                                      -9-
<PAGE>

                             (a)  If the Company shall establish pursuant to
Section 2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a
Global Security, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in
accordance with Section 2.04, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security that
(i) shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the
aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities of such series,
(ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii)
shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the
Depositary's instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the
following effect: "Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the
Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to
another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee
of such successor Depositary."

                             (b)  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section
2.05, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in
part and in the manner provided in Section 2.05, only to another nominee of the
Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series
selected or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor
Depositary.

                             (c)  If at any time the Depositary for a series of
the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue
as Depositary for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series
shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or
other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such
series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives
such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, this Section
2.11 shall no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the
Company will execute, and subject to Section 2.05, the Trustee will authenticate
and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without
coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal
to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for
such Global Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that
the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global Security
and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the
Securities of such series. In such event the Company will execute and subject to
Section 2.05, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers' Certificate evidencing
such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities
of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized
denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global
Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in
definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the
Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive
registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this
Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in such names and in such authorized
denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or
indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee
shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in
whose names such Securities are so registered.

                                  ARTICLE III
              REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS

SECTION 3.01. Redemption.

             The Company may redeem the Securities of any series issued
hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established
for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.

SECTION 3.02. Notice of Redemption.

                             (a)  In case the Company shall desire to exercise
such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of
any series in accordance with the right reserved so to do, the Company shall, or
shall cause the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the
Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing, first class postage
prepaid, a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90
days before the date fixed for redemption of that series to such holders at
their last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security Register unless a
shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is
mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been
duly given, whether or not the registered holder receives the notice. In any
case, failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any
series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the
notice, shall not affect

                                     -10-
<PAGE>

the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities of
such series or any other series. In the case of any redemption of Securities
prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the
terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall
furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance with any
such restriction.

Each such notice of redemption shall specify the date fixed for redemption and
the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and
shall state that payment of the redemption price of such Securities to be
redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company in the Borough of
Manhattan, the City and State of New York, upon presentation and surrender of
such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be
paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will
cease to accrue and that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the
case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the notice
to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed in whole or in part
shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed. In case any Security
is to be redeemed in part only, the notice that relates to such Security shall
state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and shall
state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a
new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal to the
unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.

                             (b)  If less than all the Securities of a series
are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days' notice
in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount
of Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall
select, by lot or in such other manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair in
its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions
(equal to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof)
of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than $1,000,
the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company
in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part.

The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions
signed on its behalf by its President or any Vice President, instruct the
Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a
particular series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner
set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of the Company or its
own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in
which notice of redemption is to be given by the Trustee or any such paying
agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to
remain with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security
Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable copies or extracts
therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any
notice by mail that may be required under the provisions of this Section.

SECTION 3.03.    Payment Upon Redemption.

                             (a)  If the giving of notice of redemption shall
have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities
of the series to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and
payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable
redemption price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for
redemption and interest on such Securities or portions of Securities shall cease
to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall
default in the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest with
respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation and surrender
of such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of
payment specified in the notice, said Securities shall be paid and redeemed at
the applicable redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued
thereon to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption
is an interest payment date, the interest installment payable on such date shall
be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the applicable
record date pursuant to Section 2.03).

                             (b)  Upon presentation of any Security of such
series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the
Trustee shall authenticate and the office or agency where the Security is
presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a
new Security of the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount
equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.

SECTION 3.04.    Sinking Fund.

                                     -11-
<PAGE>

              The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06 shall be applicable
to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.01 for Securities of such
series.

              The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking
fund payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by
the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional
sinking fund payment". If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series,
the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as
provided in Section 3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the
redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of
Securities of such series.

SECTION 3.05. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

              The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series
(other than any Securities previously called for redemption) and (ii) may apply
as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the
election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the
application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of
such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking
fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made
pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such
series, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such
Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the
redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation
of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

SECTION 3.06. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

              Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for
any series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for
that series pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any,
that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series
pursuant to Section 3.05 and the basis for such credit and will, together with
such Officers' Certificate, deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so
delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the
Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund
payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the
redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company
in the manner provided in Section 3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the
redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner
stated in Section 3.03.

                                  ARTICLE IV
                                   COVENANTS

SECTION 4.01. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.

              The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the
principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series
at the time and place and in the manner provided herein and established with
respect to such Securities.

SECTION 4.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency.

              So long as any series of the Securities remain Outstanding, the
Company agrees to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the
City and State of New York, with respect to each such series and at such other
location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.02,
where (i) Securities of that series may be presented for payment, (ii)
Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized for
registration of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon
the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may
be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or
agency until the Company shall, by written notice signed by its President or a
Vice President and delivered to the trustee, designate some other office or
agency for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company

                                     -12-
<PAGE>

shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to
furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and
demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and
the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such
presentations, notices and demands.

SECTION 4.03. Paying Agents.

                        (a)  If the Company shall appoint one or more paying
agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the
Company will cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee
an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the
provisions of this Section:

                             (1)  that it will hold all sums held by it as such
agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on
the Securities of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the
Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of
the Persons entitled thereto;

                             (2)  that it will give the Trustee notice of any
failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any
payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities
of that series when the same shall be due and payable;

                             (3)  that it will, at any time during the
continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above,
upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums
so held in trust by such paying agent; and

                             (4)  that it will perform all other duties of
paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.

                        (b)  If the Company shall act as its own paying agent
with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date
of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that
series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or
interest so becoming due on Securities of that series until such sums shall be
paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will
promptly notify the Trustee of such action, or any failure (by it or any other
obligor on such Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have
one or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each
due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities
of that series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the
principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held
in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or
interest, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will
promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.

                        (c)  Notwithstanding anything in this Section to the
contrary, (i) the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is
subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any
time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to
the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such paying agent, such
sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon
which such sums were held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such
payment by any paying agent to the Trustee, such paying agent shall be released
from all further liability with respect to such money.

SECTION 4.04. Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee.

              The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the
office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a
Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder.

SECTION 4.05. Compliance with Consolidation Provisions.

                                -13-
<PAGE>

          The Company will not, while any of the Securities remain Outstanding,
consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the
Company is not the survivor of such transaction, or sell or convey all or
substantially all of its property to any other company unless the provisions of
Article Ten hereof are complied with.

                                   ARTICLE V
                       SECURITYHOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS
                         BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 5.01. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of
              Securityholders.

          The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee (a)
on each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.03) a list, in such form as
the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of
each series of Securities as of such regular record date, provided that the
Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any
time that the list shall not differ in any respect from the most recent list
furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the
Trustee may request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company
of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more
than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that,
in either case, no such list need be furnished for any series for which the
Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.

SECTION 5.02. Preservation Of Information; Communications With
              Securityholders.

          (a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the holders of
Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in
Section 5.01 and as to the names and addresses of holders of Securities received
by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such
capacity).

          (b) The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in
Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

          (c) Securityholders may communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of
the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights
under this Indenture or under the Securities.

SECTION 5.03.  Reports by the Company.

          (a) The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee, within
15 days after the Company is required to file the same with the Commission,
copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports
(or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from
time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company may be
required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of
the Exchange Act; or, if the Company is not required to file information,
documents or reports pursuant to either of such sections, then to file with the
Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with the rules and regulations
prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and
periodic information, documents and reports that may be required pursuant to
Section 13 of the Exchange Act, in respect of a security listed and registered
on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in such
rules and regulations.

          (b) The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee and the
Commission, in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed from to time
by the Commission, such additional information, documents and reports with
respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants provided
for in this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and
regulations.

          (c) The Company covenants and agrees to transmit by mail, first class
postage prepaid, or reputable over-night delivery service that provides for
evidence of receipt, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear
upon the Security Register, within 30 days after the filing

                                     -14-
<PAGE>

thereof with the Trustee, such summaries of any information, documents and
reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to subsections (a) and (b)
of this Section as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time
to time by the Commission.

SECTION 5.04. Reports by the Trustee.

          (a) On or before [ ] in each year in which any of the Securities are
Outstanding, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, to
the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security
Register, a brief report dated as of the preceding [ ], if and to the extent
required under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

          (b) The Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the
Trust Indenture Act.

          (c) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission
to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each stock
exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the
Commission. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when any Securities become
listed on any stock exchange.

                                  ARTICLE VI
                  REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS
                              ON EVENT OF DEFAULT

SECTION 6.01. Events of Default.

          (a) Whenever used herein with respect to Securities of a particular
series, "Event of Default" means any one or more of the following events that
has occurred and is continuing:

              (1) the Company defaults in the payment of any installment of
interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same shall
become due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 90 days;
provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by the
Company in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall
not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;

              (2) the Company defaults in the payment of the principal of (or
premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same
shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by
declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous
fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid
extension of the maturity of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any
indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of
principal or premium, if any;

              (3) the Company fails to observe or perform any other of its
covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture
or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to
Section 2.01 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement that has been expressly
included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of
Securities other than such series) for a period of 90 days after the date on
which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and
stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder, shall have been
given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified mail, or to the
Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of
the Securities of that series at the time Outstanding;

              (4) the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any
Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an
order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the
appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property
or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or

                                     -15-
<PAGE>

              (5) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any
Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary
case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of
its property, or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or
decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.

          (b) In each and every such case, unless the principal of all the
Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the
Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to
the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare
the principal of all the Securities of that series to be due and payable
immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be
immediately due and payable, notwithstanding anything contained in this
Indenture or in the Securities of that series or established with respect to
that series pursuant to Section 2.01 to the contrary.

          (c) At any time after the principal of the Securities of that series
shall have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree
for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as
hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by written notice to
the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its
consequences if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum
sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities
of that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all
Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by
acceleration (with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the
extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue
installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of
that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount payable to
the Trustee under Section 7.06, and (ii) any and all Events of Default under the
Indenture with respect to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal on
Securities of that series that shall not have become due by their terms, shall
have been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.06.

No such rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent
default or impair any right consequent thereon.

          (d) In case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right with
respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings
shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or
annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to the
Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such
proceedings, the Company, and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to
their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers
of the Company and the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had
been taken.

SECTION 6.02. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.

          (a) The Company covenants that (1) in case it shall default in the
payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a series, or
any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect
to that series as and when the same shall have become due and payable, and such
default shall have continued for a period of 90 Business Days, or (2) in case it
shall default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of
the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and payable,
whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon
declaration or otherwise, then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay
to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series,
the whole amount that then shall have been become due and payable on all such
Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case
may be, with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to
the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law)
upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the
Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as
shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and the
amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06.

          (b) If the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such
demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall
be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in
equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute

                                     -16-
<PAGE>

any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any
such judgment or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon the
Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be
payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or
other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated.

          (c) In case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy,
reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial proceedings
affected the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power
to intervene in such proceedings and take any action therein that may be
permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be
entitled to file such proofs of claim and other papers and documents as may be
necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the
holders of Securities of such series allowed for the entire amount due and
payable by the Company under the Indenture at the date of institution of such
proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the
Company after such date, and to collect and receive any moneys or other property
payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the
deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06; and any
receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby
authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such
payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the
making of such payments directly to such Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee
any amount due it under Section 7.06.

          (d) All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture,
or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that series,
may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities,
or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and
any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its
own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall,
after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section
7.06, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such
series.

In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the Trustee may in its discretion
proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such
appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to
protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in
bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or
agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power
granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right
vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.

Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize
or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of
reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities
of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee
to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.

SECTION 6.03. Application of Moneys Collected.

          Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article with
respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following
order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the
distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or
interest, upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation
thereon the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof if fully
paid:

          FIRST: To the payment of costs and expenses of collection and of all
amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06;

          SECOND: To the payment of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company if
and to the extent required by Article Fourteen; and

          THIRD: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon
Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in
respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected,
ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts
due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and
interest, respectively.

                                     -17-
<PAGE>

SECTION 6.04. Limitation on Suits.

          No holder of any Security of any series shall have any right by virtue
or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action
or proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this
Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other
remedy hereunder, unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the
Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof
with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default,
as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have
made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or
proceeding in its own name as trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders
shall have offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require
against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby;
and (iv) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and
offer of indemnity, shall have failed to institute any such action, suit or
proceeding and (v) during such 60 day period, the holders of a majority in
principal amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a
direction inconsistent with the request.

          Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, any other
provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive
payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Security,
as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such
Security (or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute
suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates
or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of
such holder and by accepting a Security hereunder it is expressly understood,
intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security of such series
with every other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more
holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any manner
whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to
affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of such
Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any
other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the
manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all
holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the
provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall
be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.

SECTION 6.05. Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

          (a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.07, all powers and
remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall,
to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any
other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the holders of the
Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or
observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture or
otherwise established with respect to such Securities.

          (b) No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the
Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default
occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or
shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or on acquiescence
therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every power and remedy
given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be
exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the
Trustee or by the Securityholders.

SECTION 6.06. Control by Securityholders.

          The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with
Section 8.01, shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series;
provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of
law or with this Indenture or be unduly prejudicial to the rights of holders of
Securities of any other series at the time Outstanding determined in accordance
with Section 8.01. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee shall
have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good
faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or Officers of the Trustee, determine that
the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability. The
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any
series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with
Section 8.01, may on behalf of the holders of all of the

                                     -18-
<PAGE>

Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of
the covenants contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.01 with
respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of
the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any of the Securities of
that series as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such
Securities otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured
and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal
and any premium has been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section
6.01(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby shall be deemed to
be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the
holders of the Securities of such series shall be restored to their former
positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to
any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

SECTION 6.07. Undertaking to Pay Costs.

          All parties to this Indenture agree, and each holder of any Securities
by such holder's acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any
court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any
right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any
action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in
such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court
may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys'
fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits
and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the
provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of
Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any
Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or
premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the
respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this
Indenture.

                                  ARTICLE VII
                             CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 7.01. Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee.

          (a) The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with
respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events of
Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred,
shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of such series such
duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and
no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In
case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred
(that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to
Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this
Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a
prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his
own affairs.

          (b) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the
Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure
to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:

              (1) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to
the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of
Default with respect to that series that may have occurred: the duties and
obligations of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series
be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture, and the
Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except
for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth
in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into
this Indenture against the Trustee; and in the absence of bad faith on the part
of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series
conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the
opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the
Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of
any such certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof are specifically
required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to
examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirement of
this Indenture;

                                     -19-
<PAGE>

              (2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made
in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee,
unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the
pertinent facts;

              (3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action
taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the time, method
and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee,
or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture
with respect to the Securities of that series; and

              (4) None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall
require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal
financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise
of any of its rights or powers, if there is reasonable ground for believing that
the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under
the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity against such risk is not
reasonably assured to it.

SECTION 7.02. Certain Rights of Trustee.

     Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:

          (a) The Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or
refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or
other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or
presented by the proper party or parties;

          (b) Any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned
herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument
signed in the name of the Company, by the President or any Vice President and by
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or an Assistant
Treasurer thereof (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically
prescribed herein);

          (c) The Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of
such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder
in good faith and in reliance thereon;

          (d) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or
direction of any of the Securityholders, pursuant to the provisions of this
Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee
reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities
that may be incurred therein or thereby; nothing contained herein shall,
however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event
of Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured
or waived) to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the
rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of
care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under
the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;

           (e) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted
to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within
the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

           (f) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the
facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or
other papers or documents, unless requested in writing so to do by the holders
of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of
the particular series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section 8.04);
provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee
of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making
of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured
to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture,
the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses or
liabilities as a condition to

                                     -20-
<PAGE>

so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such examination shall be paid by
the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon
demand; and

          (g) The Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it
hereunder.

SECTION 7.03. Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities.

          (a) The recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken
as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for
the correctness of the same.

          (b) The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or
sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.

          (c) The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by
the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities, or
for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance
with any provision of this Indenture or established pursuant to Section 2.01, or
for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than
the Trustee.

SECTION 7.04. May Hold Securities.

          The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar, in its
individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities
with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or
Security Registrar.

SECTION 7.05. Moneys Held in Trust.

          Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, all moneys received by the
Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for
the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other
funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no
liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it
may agree with the Company to pay thereon.

SECTION 7.06. Compensation and Reimbursement.

          (a) The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the
Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall not be
limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an
express trust), as the Company, and the Trustee may from time to time agree in
writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby
created and in the exercise and performance of any of the powers and duties
hereunder of the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein,
the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all
reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee
in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the
reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of
all Persons not regularly in its employ) except any such expense, disbursement
or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith. The Company also
covenants to indemnify the Trustee (and its officers, agents, directors and
employees) for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense
incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising
out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust,
including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim of
liability in the premises.

          (b) The obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate
and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for expenses,
disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder.
Such additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien prior to that of the
Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such,
except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular
Securities.

                                     -21-
<PAGE>

SECTION 7.07.  Reliance on Officers' Certificate.

          Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01, whenever in the
administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it
necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or
suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other
evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the
absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be
conclusively proved and established by an Officers' Certificate delivered to the
Trustee and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the
part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken,
suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture
upon the faith thereof.

SECTION 7.08.  Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.

          If the Trustee has or shall acquire any "conflicting interest" within
the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and the
Company shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of
the Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 7.09.  Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.

          There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to the Securities
issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing
business under the laws of the United States of America or any State or
Territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other
Person permitted to act as trustee by the Commission, authorized under such laws
to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus of at
least 50 million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or
examination by Federal, State, Territorial, or District of Columbia authority.
If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant
to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining
authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and
surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and
surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The
Company may not, nor may any Person directly or indirectly controlling,
controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In
case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner
and with the effect specified in Section 7.10.

SECTION 7.10.   Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

          (a) The Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed, may at any time
resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written
notice thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail,
first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders of such series, as their
names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Upon receiving such
notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee
with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate,
executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall
be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If
no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment
within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning
Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of
a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series, or any
Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or
Securities for at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others
similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor
trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem
proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.

          (b) In case at any time any one of the following shall occur:

              (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of
Section 7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any
Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for
at least six months; or

                                     -22-
<PAGE>

              (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of Section 7.09 and shall fail to resign after written request
therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or

              (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be
adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding,
or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented
to, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its
property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or
liquidation, then, in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with
respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument,
in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which
instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the
successor trustee, or, unless the Trustee's duty to resign is stayed as provided
herein, any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or
Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of that holder and all others
similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal
of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may
thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove
the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.

          (c) The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the
Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company
and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the consent of the
Company.

          (d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a
successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any of
the provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of
appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11.

          (e) Any successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may be
appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of such
series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any particular series.

SECTION 7.11.  Acceptance of Appointment By Successor.

          (a) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with
respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall
execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an
instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request
of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon
payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such
successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and
shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property
and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

           (b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the
retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of
one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall
contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and
confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (2)
shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to
confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee
with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring
Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or
in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the
same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts
hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by
any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or
failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the
execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall

                                     -23-
<PAGE>

become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall
with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment
of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility for the
exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and
obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture, and each such successor
trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with
all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect
to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
successor trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor
trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such
successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture,
the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to
the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
successor trustee relates.

          (c) Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall
execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and
confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred
to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

          (d) No successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the
time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible
under this Article.

          (e) Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided
in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession of such
trustee hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders,
as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. If the Company
fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by
the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be
transmitted at the expense of the Company.

SECTION 7.12.  Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.

          Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or
with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be
the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be
qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and eligible under the provisions
of Section 7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act
on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary
notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not
delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or
consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and
deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such
successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

SECTION 7.13. Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company.

          The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture
Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the
Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject
to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein.

ARTICLE VIII
                         CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS

SECTION 8.01. Evidence of Action by Securityholders.

          Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the holders of a
majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities
of a particular series may take any action (including the making of any demand
or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any
other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders
of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined therein may
be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor
executed by such holders of Securities of that series in Person or by agent or
proxy appointed in writing.

                                     -24-
<PAGE>

          If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders of any series
any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action, the Company may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officers'
Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination
of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have
no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action may be given
before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the
close of business on the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for
the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion
of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented
to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series
shall be computed as of the record date; provided, however, that no such
authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date
shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the
provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.

SECTION 8.02.  Proof of Execution by Securityholders.

          Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, proof of the execution of
any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or
his agent or proxy and proof of the holding by any Person of any of the
Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:

          (a) The fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any
instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.

          (b) The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security
Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar
thereof.

          (c) The Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter
referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.

SECTION 8.03.  Who May be Deemed Owners.

          Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of any
Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar
may deem and treat the Person in whose name such Security shall be registered
upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or
not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership
or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar) for the
purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if
any, and (subject to Section 2.03) interest on such Security and for all other
purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any
Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

SECTION 8.04.  Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded.

          In determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregate
principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any
direction, consent of waiver under this Indenture, the Securities of that series
that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that
series or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or
under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of
that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the
purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent
or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so
owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged in
good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if
the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's
right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a
Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or
indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. In case of a
dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of
counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee.

                                     -25-
<PAGE>

SECTION 8.05.  Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.

          At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as
provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders of the
majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a
particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action,
any holder of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be
included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action
may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as
provided in Section 8.02, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security.
Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be
conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners
of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on
registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or
not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken
by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection
with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and
the holders of all the Securities of that series.

                                  ARTICLE IX
                            SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 9.01.  Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders.

          In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise authorized by this
Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time
enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform
to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without the
consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:

          (a) to cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency herein, in the
Securities of any series;

          (b) to comply with Article Ten;

          (c) to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in
place of certificated Securities;

          (d) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the
holders of all or any Series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for
the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants
are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to
surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;

          (e) to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations, and
restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue,
authentication, and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;

          (f) to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of
any Securityholder in any material respect; or

          (g) to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms
and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section 2.01, to
establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to
the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add to the rights
of the holders of any series of Securities.

          The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the
execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further
appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the
Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture
that affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture
or otherwise.

                                     -26-
<PAGE>

Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section may be
executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of
any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the
provisions of Section 9.02.

SECTION 9.02.  Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders.

          With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 8.01) of the
holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures
at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by Board Resolutions, and
the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or
indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions
to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this
Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not
covered by Section 9.01 the rights of the holders of the Securities of such
series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental
indenture shall, without the consent of the holders of each Security then
Outstanding and affected thereby, (i) extend the fixed maturity of any
Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the
rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium
payable upon the redemption thereof or (ii) reduce the aforesaid percentage of
Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any such
supplemental indenture.

          It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders of
any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of
any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent
shall approve the substance thereof.

SECTION 9.03.  Effect of Supplemental Indentures.

          Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the
provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, this Indenture shall, with
respect to such series, be and be deemed to be modified and amended in
accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights,
obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the
Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall
thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all
respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions
of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the
terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.

SECTION 9.04.  Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures.

          Securities of any series, affected by a supplemental indenture,
authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture
pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, may bear a
notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the
requirements of any exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any
matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so
determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the
opinion of the Board of Directors of the Company, to any modification of this
Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the
Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the
Securities of that series then Outstanding.

SECTION 9.05.  Execution of Supplemental Indentures.

          Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by its Board Resolutions
authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the
filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders required
to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the
execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture
affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be
obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture. The Trustee, subject to the
provisions of Section 7.01, may receive an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive
evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article is
authorized or permitted by, and conforms to, the terms of this Article and that
it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions of this Article to join in the
execution thereof; provided, however, that such Opinion of Counsel

                                     -27-
<PAGE>

need not be provided in connection with the execution of a supplemental
indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to
Section 2.01 hereof.

          Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee
shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in
general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the
Securityholders of all series affected thereby as their names and addresses
appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of the Trustee to mail such
notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect
the validity of any such supplemental indenture.

                                   ARTICLE X
                                SUCCESSOR ENTITY

SECTION 10.01.  Company May Consolidate, Etc.

          Nothing contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities shall
prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person
(whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations or
mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors shall be a party or
parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of
the property of the Company or its successor or successors as an entirety, or
substantially as an entirety, to any other corporation (whether or not
affiliated with the Company or its successor or successors) authorized to
acquire and operate the same; provided, however, the Company hereby covenants
and agrees that, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the
Company is not the survivor of such transaction), sale, conveyance, transfer or
other disposition, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if
any) and interest on all of the Securities of all series in accordance with the
terms of each series, according to their tenor and the due and punctual
performance and observance of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture
with respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant
to Section 2.01 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly
assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform to the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) satisfactory in form to the Trustee
executed and delivered to the Trustee by the entity formed by such
consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the
entity which shall have acquired such property.

SECTION 10.02.  Successor Entity Substituted.

          (a) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance,
transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor entity by
supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory
in form to the Trustee, of the due and punctual payment of the principal of,
premium, if any, and interest on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding
and the due and punctual performance of all of the covenants and conditions of
this Indenture or established with respect to each series of the Securities
pursuant to Section 2.01 to be performed by the Company with respect to each
series, such successor entity shall succeed to and be substituted for the
Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and
thereupon the predecessor corporation shall be relieved of all obligations and
covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

          (b) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance,
transfer or other disposition such changes in phraseology and form (but not in
substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be
appropriate.

          (c) Nothing contained in this Article shall require any action by the
Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the Company
where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the
Company, by purchase or otherwise, of all or any part of the property of any
other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).

SECTION 10.03.  Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee.

                                     -28-
<PAGE>

          The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, may receive an
Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger,
sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such assumption, comply
with the provisions of this Article.

                                  ARTICLE XI
                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

SECTION 11.01.  Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.

          If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated (other
than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that
shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.07) and Securities for
whose payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited
in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company (and thereupon repaid to
the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 11.05); or (b)
all such Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their
terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for
redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for
the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or cause to be
deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in moneys or
Governmental Obligations sufficient or a combination thereof, sufficient in the
opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at
maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if
any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed
for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause
to be paid all other sums payable hereunder with respect to such series by the
Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with
respect to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07,
4.01, 4.02, 4.03 and 7.10, that shall survive until the date of maturity or
redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that shall
survive to such date and thereafter, and the Trustee, on demand of the Company
and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute proper instruments
acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to
such series.

SECTION 11.02.  Discharge of Obligations.

          If at any time all such Securities of a particular series not
heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due
and payable as described in Section 11.01 shall have been paid by the Company by
depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount of
Governmental Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all
such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to
become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case
may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums
payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then after the
date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are deposited
with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with
respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect except for the
provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03, 7.06, 7.10 and 11.05
hereof that shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid.
Thereafter, Sections 7.06 and 11.05 shall survive.

SECTION 11.03.  Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust.

          All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be
available for payment as due, either directly or through any paying agent
(including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the
particular series of Securities for the payment or redemption of which such
moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.

SECTION 11.04.  Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.

          In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the
provisions of this Indenture shall, upon demand of the

                                     -29-
<PAGE>

Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be
released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental
Obligations.

SECTION 11.05.  Repayment to Company.

          Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with any paying agent
or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal
of or premium or interest on the Securities of a particular series that are not
applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for at least two
years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or
interest on such Securities shall have respectively become due and payable,
shall be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or (if then held by the
Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and thereupon the paying agent and
the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities
entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter, as an unsecured general
creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.

                                  ARTICLE XII
               IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS
                                 AND DIRECTORS

SECTION 12.01.  No Recourse.

          No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of
this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise
in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer
or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any
predecessor or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or
any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any
constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or
penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the
obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such
personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the
incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company or of
any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the
creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the
obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of
the Securities or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal
liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by
constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against,
every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as such, because of
the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the
obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of
the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as
a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and
the issuance of such Securities.

                                 ARTICLE XIII
                            MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SECTION 13.01.  Effect on Successors and Assigns.

          All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this
Indenture contained by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and
assigns, whether so expressed or not.

SECTION 13.02.  Actions by Successor.

          Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized or
required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the
Company shall and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the
corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the
time be the lawful successor of the Company.

SECTION 13.03.  Surrender of Company Powers.

                                     -30-
<PAGE>

          The Company by instrument in writing executed by authority of its
Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers
reserved to the Company, and thereupon such power so surrendered shall terminate
both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.

SECTION 13.04.  Notices.

          Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, any notice or demand
that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given or
served by the Trustee or by the holders of Securities to or on the Company may
be given or served by being deposited first class postage prepaid in a post-
office letterbox addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the
Company with the Trustee), as follows: [______________]. Any notice, election,
request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder to or upon the Trustee
shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if
given or made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.

SECTION 13.05.  Governing Law.

          This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed to be a contract made
under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be
construed in accordance with the laws of said State.

SECTION 13.06.  Treatment of Securities as Debt.

          It is intended that the Securities will be treated as indebtedness and
not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture
shall be interpreted to further this intention.

SECTION 13.07.  Compliance Certificates and Opinions.

          (a) Upon any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to
take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall
furnish to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions
precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have
been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such
counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except that in
the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such
documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating
to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion
need be furnished.

          (b) Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and
delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant
in this Indenture shall include (1) a statement that the Person making such
certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (2) a brief
statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon
which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are
based; (3) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such
examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an
informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been
complied with; and (4) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such
Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

SECTION 13.08. Payments on Business Days.

          Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board
Resolution, and as set forth in an Officers' Certificate, or established in one
or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, in any case where the date of
maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of
any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal
(and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the
same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption,
and no interest shall accrue for the period after such nominal date.

SECTION 13.09.  Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.

                                     -31-
<PAGE>

          If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits,
qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317,
inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties shall control.

SECTION 13.10.  Counterparts.

          This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of
which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but
one and the same instrument.

SECTION 13.11.  Separability.

          In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Indenture
or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid,
illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or
unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of
such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if
such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained
herein or therein.

SECTION 13.12.  Assignment.

          The Company will have the right at all times to assign any of its
rights or obligations under this Indenture to a direct or indirect wholly- owned
Subsidiary of the Company, provided that, in the event of any such assignment,
the Company, will remain liable for all such obligations. Subject to the
foregoing, the Indenture is binding upon and inures to the benefit of the
parties thereto and their respective successors and assigns. This Indenture may
not otherwise be assigned by the parties thereto.

                                  ARTICLE XIV
                          SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 14.01.  Subordination Terms.

          The payment by the Company of the principal of premium, if any, and
interest on any series of Securities issued hereunder shall be subordinated to
the extent set forth in an indenture supplemental hereto relating to such
Securities.

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to
be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.

                         VIROPHARMA INCORPORATED

                         By:_____________________________________
                              Name:
                              Title:

                         as Trustee

                         By:_____________________________________
                              Name:
                              Title:

                                     -32-<PAGE>

                                                                   Exhibit 10.11

                                  ESPS, Inc.
                             Employment Agreement

To Rick Dool:

     This Agreement establishes the terms of your employment with ESPS, Inc., a
Delaware corporation (the "Company").

Employment and Duties    You and the Company agree to your employment as
                         President and Chief Executive Officer on the terms
                         contained herein. You agree to perform whatever duties
                         the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") may
                         assign you from time to time that are reasonably
                         consistent with your position as President and Chief
                         Executive Officer. During your employment, you agree to
                         devote your full business time, attention, and energies
                         to performing those duties (except as your Direct
                         Report otherwise agrees from time to time). You agree
                         to comply with the noncompetition, secrecy, and other
                         provisions of Exhibit A to this Agreement.

Term of Employment       Your employment under this Agreement begins as of your
                         execution of this Agreement (the "Effective Date").
                         Unless sooner terminated under this Agreement, your
                         employment ends at 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the second
                         anniversary of the Effective Date.

                         The period running from the Effective Date to the
                         second anniversary of the Effective Date in the
                         preceding sentence is the "Term."

                         Termination or expiration of this Agreement ends your
                         employment but does not end your obligation to comply
                         with Exhibit A or the Company's obligation, if any, to
                         make payments under the Payments on Termination and
                         Severance provisions as specified below.

                                                                    Page 1 of 22
<PAGE>

Compensation

     Salary              The Company will pay you an annual salary (the
                         "Salary") from the Effective Date at the rate of not
                         less than $225,000 in accordance with its generally
                         applicable payroll practices. The Board will review
                         your Salary annually and consider you for increases.

     Bonus               You will be eligible for an annual bonus equal to up to
                         $100,000. This bonus will be calculated according to
                         annual incentive plan formulas. The formulas for the 12
                         months ended March 31, 2001 are contained in Exhibit C.
                         It is the Company's good faith intention to provide
                         formulas for future fiscal years within 90 days of the
                         commencement of such fiscal year.

     Car Allowance       You will receive a car allowance equal to $600 per
                         month.

     Employee Benefits   While the Company employs you under this Agreement, the
                         Company will provide you with the same benefits as it
                         makes generally available from time to time to the
                         Company's employees, as those benefits are amended or
                         terminated from time to time. Your participation in the
                         Company's benefit plans will be subject to the terms of
                         the applicable plan documents and the Company's
                         generally applied policies, and the Company in its sole
                         discretion may from time to time adopt, modify,
                         interpret, or discontinue such plans or policies.

Place of Employment      Your principal place of employment will be within 50
                         miles of Fort Washington, Pennsylvania.

Expenses                 The Company will reimburse you for reasonable and
                         necessary travel and other business-related expenses
                         you incur for the Company in performing your duties
                         under this Agreement. You must itemize and substantiate
                         all requests for reimbursements. You must submit
                         requests for reimbursement in accordance with the
                         policies and practices of the Company.

                                                                    Page 2 of 22
<PAGE>

No Other Employment      While the Company employs you, you agree that you will
                         not, directly or indirectly, provide services to any
                         person or organization for which you receive
                         compensation or otherwise engage in activities that
                         would conflict or interfere significantly with your
                         faithful performance of your duties as an employee
                         without the Board's prior written consent. (This
                         prohibition excludes any work performed at the
                         Company's direction.) You may manage your personal
                         investments, as long as the management takes only
                         minimal amounts of time and is consistent with the
                         provisions of the No Conflicts of Interest Section and
                         the No Competition Section in Exhibit A.

                         You represent to the Company that you are not subject
                         to any agreement, commitment, or policy of any third
                         party that would prevent you from entering into or
                         performing your duties under this Agreement, and you
                         agree that you will not enter into any agreement or
                         commitment or agree to any policy that would prevent or
                         hinder your performance of duties and obligations under
                         this Agreement, including Exhibit A.

No Conflicts of Interest You confirm that you have fully disclosed to the
                         Company, to the best of your knowledge, all
                         circumstances under which you, your spouse, and other
                         persons who reside in your household have or may have a
                         conflict of interest with the Company. You further
                         agree to fully disclose to the Company any such
                         circumstances that might arise during your employment
                         upon your becoming aware of such circumstances. You
                         agree to fully comply with the Company's policy and
                         practices relating to conflicts of interest.

No Improper              You will neither pay nor permit payment of any
                         remuneration to or
Payments                 on behalf of any governmental official other than
                         payments required or permitted by applicable law. You
                         will comply fully with the Foreign Corrupt Practices
                         Act of 1977, as amended. You will not, directly or
                         indirectly,

                              make or permit any contribution, gift, bribe,
                              rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback, or
                              other payment to

                                                                    Page 3 of 22
<PAGE>

                              any person or entity, private or public,
                              regardless of what form, whether in money,
                              property, or services

                                   to obtain favorable treatment for business
                                   secured,

                                   to pay for favorable treatment for business
                                   secured,

                                   to obtain special concessions or for special
                                   concessions already obtained, or

                                   in violation of any legal requirement, or

                              establish or maintain any fund or asset related to
                              the Company that is not recorded in the Company's
                              books and records, or

                              take any action that would violate (or would be
                              part of a series of actions that would violate)
                              any U.S. law relating to international trade or
                              commerce, including those laws relating to trading
                              with the enemy, export control, and boycotts of
                              Israel or Israeli products (as is sought by
                              certain Arab countries).

Termination    Subject to the provisions of this section, you and the Company
               agree that it may terminate your employment, or you may resign,
               except that, if you voluntarily resign, you must provide the
               Company with 90 days' prior written notice (unless the Board has
               previously waived such notice in writing or authorized a shorter
               notice period).

     For Cause      The Company may terminate your employment for "Cause" if
                    you:

                              (i)  commit a material breach of your obligations
                              or agreements under this Agreement, including
                              Exhibit A;

                                                                    Page 4 of 22
<PAGE>

                              (ii)   commit an act of gross negligence with
                              respect to the Company or otherwise act with
                              willful disregard for the Company's best
                              interests;

                              (iii)  fail or refuse to perform any duties
                              delegated to you that are consistent with the
                              duties of similarly-situated senior executives or
                              are otherwise required under this Agreement,
                              provided that these duties do not conflict with
                              any other provision of this Agreement;

                              (iv)   seize a corporate opportunity for yourself
                              instead of offering such opportunity to the
                              Company if within the scope of the Company's or
                              its subsidiaries' business; or

                              (v)    are convicted of or plead guilty or no
                              contest to a felony (or to a felony charge reduced
                              to misdemeanor), or, with respect to your
                              employment, commit either a material dishonest act
                              or common law fraud or knowingly violate any
                              federal or state securities or tax laws.

                    In any event, termination of your employment for any reason
                    within 12 months after a change of control will be deemed
                    termination without Cause and accordingly, you will be
                    entitled to the severance benefits outlined in the Severance
                    section below.

                    Your termination for Cause will be effective immediately
                    upon the Company's mailing or written transmission of notice
                    of such termination.  Before terminating your employment for
                    Cause under clauses (i) - (iv) above, the Company will
                    specify in writing to you the nature of the act, omission,
                    refusal, or failure that it deems to constitute Cause and,
                    unless the Board reasonably concludes the situation could
                    not be corrected, give you 30 days after you receive such
                    notice to correct the situation (and thus avoid termination
                    for Cause), unless the Company agrees to extend the time for
                    correction.  You agree that the Board will have the
                    discretion to determine in good faith whether your
                    correction is sufficient, provided that this decision does
                    not

                                                                    Page 5 of 22
<PAGE>

                    foreclose you from using the Dispute Resolution provisions
                    of Exhibit B.

Without Cause       Subject to the provisions below under Payments on
                    Termination and Severance, the Company may terminate your
                    employment under this Agreement before the end of the Term
                    without Cause.

Disability          If you become "disabled" (as defined below), the Company may
                    terminate your employment. You are "disabled" if you are
                    unable, despite whatever reasonable accommodations the law
                    requires, to render services to the Company for more than 90
                    consecutive days because of physical or mental disability,
                    incapacity, or illness.  You are also disabled if you are
                    found to be disabled within the meaning of the Company's
                    long-term disability insurance coverage as then in effect
                    (or would be so found if you applied for the coverage).

Good Reason         You may resign for Good Reason with 45 days' advance written
                    notice.  "Good Reason" for this purposes means, without your
                    consent, (i) the Company materially breaches this Agreement
                    or (ii) the Company relocates your primary office by more
                    than 50 miles from Fort Washington, Pennsylvania.

                    You must give notice to the Company of your intention to
                    resign for Good Reason within 30 days after the occurrence
                    of the event that you assert entitles you to resign for Good
                    Reason.  In that notice, you must state the condition that
                    you consider provides you with Good Reason and, if such
                    reason relates to clause (i) above, must give the Company an
                    opportunity to cure the condition within 30 days after your
                    notice.  Before or during the 30 day period, either party
                    may request mediation under Exhibit B to resolve any such
                    disputes, and, if so requested, the parties agree to
                    cooperate to arrange a prompt mediation during no more than
                    a 30 day period.  If the Company fails to cure the
                    condition, your resignation will be effective on the 45th
                    day after your notice (unless the Board has previously
                    waived such notice period in writing or agreed to a shorter
                    notice period or unless mediation is proceeding in good
                    faith), in which case such resignation will

                                                                    Page 6 of 22
<PAGE>

                    become effective 15 days after the end of such mediation, if
                    not previously cured.

                    You will not be treated as resigning for Good Reason if the
                    Company already had given notice of termination for Cause as
                    of the date of your notice of resignation.

     Death          If you die during the Term, the Term will end as of the date
                    of your death.

     Payments on    If you resign or the Company terminates your employment with
     Termination    or without Cause or because of disability or death, the
                    Company will pay you any unpaid portion of your Salary pro-
                    rated through the date of actual termination (and any annual
                    bonuses already determined by such date but not yet paid
                    unless your employment is terminated with Cause), reimburse
                    any substantiated but unreimbursed business expenses, pay
                    any accrued and unused vacation time (to the extent
                    consistent with the Company's policies), and provide such
                    other benefits as applicable laws or the terms of the
                    benefits require. Except to the extent the law requires
                    otherwise or as provided in the Severance paragraph or in
                    your option agreements, neither you nor your beneficiary or
                    estate will have any rights or claims under this Agreement
                    or otherwise to receive severance or any other compensation,
                    or to participate in any other plan, arrangement, or
                    benefit, after such termination or resignation.

     Severance      In addition to the foregoing payments, if the Company
                    terminates your employment without Cause or you resign for
                    Good Reason, the Company will

                              pay you severance equal to your Salary, as then in
                              effect, for six months on the same schedule as
                              though you had remained employed during such
                              period, even though you are no longer employed;

                              pay the after-tax premium cost for you to receive
                              any group health coverage the Company must offer

                                                                    Page 7 of 22
<PAGE>

                              you under Section 4980B of the Internal Revenue
                              Code of 1986 ("COBRA Coverage") for the period of
                              such coverage (unless the coverage is then
                              provided under a self-insured plan);

                              pay you, at the time the Company would otherwise
                              pay your annual bonus, your pro rata share of the
                              bonus for the year of your termination, where the
                              pro rata factor is based on days elapsed in your
                              year of termination till date of termination over
                              365, less any portion of the bonus for the year of
                              your termination already paid; and

                         It is the Company's good faith intention to provide
                         you, within 90 days of this agreement, a description of
                         the number of unvested options that will be subject to
                         accelerated vesting upon either termination without
                         cause, resignation for good reason, or as a result of a
                         change of control.

                         You are not required to mitigate amounts payable under
                         the Severance paragraph by seeking other employment or
                         otherwise, nor must you return to the Company amounts
                         earned under subsequent employment.

     Change of Control   A Change of Control for this purpose means the
                         occurrence of any one or more of the following events:
                         a person, entity, or group (other than the Company, any
                         Company subsidiary, any Company benefit plan, or any
                         underwriter temporarily holding securities for an
                         offering of such securities) acquires ownership of more
                         than 50% of the undiluted total voting power of the
                         Company's then-outstanding securities eligible to vote
                         to elect members of the Board ("COMPANY VOTING
                         SECURITIES"); consummation of a merger or consolidation
                         of the Company with or into any other entity -- unless
                         the holders of the Company Voting Securities
                         outstanding immediately before such consummation,

                                                                    Page 8 of 22
<PAGE>

                         together with any trustee or other fiduciary holding
                         securities under a Company benefit plan, hold
                         securities that represent immediately after such merger
                         or consolidation at least 50% of the combined voting
                         power of the then outstanding voting securities of
                         either the Company or the other surviving entity or its
                         parent; or the stockholders of the Company approve (i)
                         a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the
                         Company or (ii) an agreement for the Company's sale or
                         disposition of all or substantially all the Company's
                         assets, AND such liquidation, dissolution, sale, or
                         disposition is consummated.

     Expiration     Expiration of this Agreement, whether because of notice of
                    non-renewal or otherwise, does not constitute termination
                    without Cause nor provide you with Good Reason and does not
                    entitle you to Severance, unless the Company's general
                    severance practices entitle you to severance in that
                    situation.  If you remain employed at the end of the Term
                    and your employment then ends as a result of expiration of
                    the Agreement, the Company will pay you severance equal to
                    your Salary, as then in effect, for 12 months on the same
                    schedule as though you had remained employed during such
                    period, even though you are no longer employed, which
                    payments you agree compensate you for the restrictions under
                    Exhibit A upon contract expiration.

     Severability   If the final determination of an arbitrator or a court of
                    competent jurisdiction declares, after the expiration of the
                    time within which judicial review (if permitted) of such
                    determination may be perfected, that any term or provision
                    of this Agreement, including any provision of Exhibit A, is
                    invalid or unenforceable, the remaining terms and provisions
                    will be unimpaired, and the invalid or unenforceable term or
                    provision will be deemed replaced by a term or provision
                    that is valid and enforceable and that comes closest to
                    expressing the intention of the invalid or unenforceable
                    term or provision.

                                                                    Page 9 of 22
<PAGE>

Amendment; Waiver   Neither you nor the Company may modify, amend, or waive the
                    terms of this Agreement other than by a written instrument
                    signed by you and an executive officer of the Company duly
                    authorized by the Board.  Either party's waiver of the other
                    party's compliance with any provision of this Agreement is
                    not a waiver of any other provision of this Agreement or of
                    any subsequent breach by such party of a provision of this
                    Agreement.

Withholding         The Company will reduce its compensatory payments to you for
                    withholding and FICA taxes and any other withholdings and
                    contributions required by law.

Governing Law       The laws of the State of Pennsylvania (other than its
                    conflict of laws provisions) govern this Agreement.

Notices             Notices must be given in writing by personal delivery, by
                    certified mail, return receipt requested, by telecopy, or by
                    overnight delivery. You should send or deliver your notices
                    to the Company's corporate headquarters.  The Company will
                    send or deliver any notice given to you at your address as
                    reflected on the Company's personnel records.  You and the
                    Company may change the address for notice by like notice to
                    the others.  You and the Company agree that notice is
                    received on the date it is personally delivered, the date it
                    is received by certified mail, the date of guaranteed
                    delivery by the overnight service, or the date the fax
                    machine confirms effective transmission.

Superseding Effect  This Agreement supersedes any prior oral or written
                    employment, severance, option, or fringe benefit agreements
                    between you and the Company, other than with respect to your
                    eligibility for generally applicable employee benefit plans.
                    This Agreement supersedes all prior or contemporaneous
                    negotiations, commitments, agreements, and writings with
                    respect to the subject matter of this Agreement.  All such
                    other negotiations, commitments, agreements, and writings
                    will have no further force or effect; and the parties to any
                    such other negotiation,

                                                                   Page 10 of 22
<PAGE>

                    commitment, agreement, or writing will have no further
                    rights or obligations thereunder.

                                                                   Page 11 of 22
<PAGE>

If you accept the terms of this Agreement, please sign in the space indicated
below.  We encourage you to consult with any advisors you choose.

                              ESPS, Inc.

                         By:  /s/ Charles Heller

I accept and agree to the terms of employment set
forth in this Agreement:

/s/ R. Richard Dool

Dated: November 27, 2000

                                                                   Page 12 of 22
<PAGE>

                                   Exhibit A
                                   ---------

No Competition      You agree to the provisions of this Exhibit A in
                    consideration of your employment by the Company and salary
                    and benefits under this Agreement and the training you will
                    receive in connection with such employment, and you agree
                    that Exhibit A should be considered ancillary to the option
                    agreements by which you will receive options from the
                    Company. While the Company (or its successor or transferee)
                    employs you and to the end of the Restricted Period (as
                    defined below), you agree as follows:

                    You will not, directly or indirectly, be employed by, lend
                    money to, or engage in any Competing Business within the
                    Market Area (each as defined below). That prohibition
                    includes, but is not limited to, acting, either singly or
                    jointly or as agent for, or as an employee of or consultant
                    to, any one or more persons, firms, entities, or
                    corporations directly or indirectly (as a director,
                    independent contractor, representative, consultant, member,
                    or otherwise) that constitutes such a Competing Business.
                    You also will not invest or hold equity or options in any
                    Competing Business, provided that you may own up to 3% of
                    the outstanding capital stock of any corporation that is
                    actively publicly traded without violating this No
                    Competition covenant, so long as you have no involvement
                    beyond passive investing in such business and you comply
                    with the second sentence of this paragraph.

                    If, during the Restricted Period, you are offered and want
                    to accept employment with a business that engages in
                    activities similar to the Company's, you will inform the
                    Chairman of the Board in writing of the identity of the
                    business, your proposed duties with that business, and the
                    proposed starting date of that employment.  You will also
                    inform that business of the terms of this Exhibit A.  The
                    Company will analyze the proposed employment and make a good
                    faith determination as to whether it would threaten the
                    Company's legitimate competitive interests.  If

                                                                   Page 13 of 22
<PAGE>

                    the Company determines that the proposed employment would
                    not pose an unacceptable threat to its interests, the
                    Company will notify you that it does not object to the
                    employment.

                    You acknowledge that, during the portion of the Restricted
                    Period that follows your employment, you may engage in any
                    business activity or gainful employment of any type and in
                    any place except as described above.  You acknowledge that
                    you will be reasonably able to earn a livelihood without
                    violating the terms of this Agreement.

                    You understand and agree that the rights and obligations set
                    forth in this No Competition Section will continue and will
                    survive through the Restricted Period.

   Definitions

       Competing    Competing Business means any service or product of any
       Business     person or organization other than the Company and its
                    successors, assigns, or subsidiaries (collectively, the
                    "Company Group") that competes with any service or product
                    of the Company Group provided by any member of the Company
                    Group during your employment. Competing Business includes
                    any enterprise engaged in the creation or sale of knowledge
                    publishing software, and other related services to assist
                    clients in integrating and maintaining their knowledge
                    publishing solutions.

       Market Area  The Market Area consists of the United States and Canada.
                    You agree that the Company provides services both at its
                    facilities and at the locations of its customers or clients
                    and that, by the nature of its business, it operates
                    globally.

       Restricted   For purposes of this Agreement, the Restricted Period ends
       Period       at the first anniversary of the date your employment with
                    the Company Group ends for any reason.

No Interference;    During the Restricted Period, you agree that you will not,
                    directly

                                                                   Page 14 of 22
<PAGE>

No Solicitation     or indirectly, whether for yourself or for any other
                    individual or entity (other than the Company or its
                    affiliates or subsidiaries), intentionally

                         solicit any person or entity who is, or was, within the
                         24 months preceding your date of termination or
                         resignation, a customer, prospect (with respect to
                         which any member of the Company Group has incurred
                         substantial costs or with which you have been
                         involved), or client of the Company Group within the
                         Market Area, with the 24 month period reduced to 12
                         months for prospects with which you have not been
                         involved;

                         hire away or endeavor to entice away from the Company
                         Group any employee or any other person or entity whom
                         the Company Group engages to perform services or supply
                         products and including, but not limited to, any
                         independent contractors, consultants, engineers, or
                         sales representatives or any contractor, subcontractor,
                         supplier, or vendor; or

                         hire any person whom the Company Group employs or
                         employed within the prior 12 months.

Secrecy

     Preserving     Your employment with the Company under and, if applicable,
     Company        before this Agreement (with a predecessor to a member of the
     Confidences    Company Group), has given and will give you access to
                    Confidential Information (as defined below).  You
                    acknowledge and agree that using, disclosing, or publishing
                    any Confidential Information in an unauthorized or improper
                    manner could cause the Company or Company Group to incur
                    substantial loss and damages that could not be readily
                    calculated and for which no remedy at law would be adequate.
                    Accordingly, you agree with the Company that you will not at
                    any time, except in performing your employment duties to the
                    Company or the Company Group under this Agreement (or with
                    the Board's prior written consent),

                                                                   Page 15 of 22
<PAGE>

                    directly or indirectly, use, disclose, or publish, or permit
                    others not so authorized to use, disclose, or publish any
                    Confidential Information that you may learn or become aware
                    of, or may have learned or become aware of, because of your
                    prior or continuing employment, ownership, or association
                    with the Company or the Company Group or any of their
                    predecessors, or use any such information in a manner
                    detrimental to the interests of the Company or the Company
                    Group.

     Preserving     You agree not to use in working for the Company Group and
     Others'        not to disclose to the Company Group any trade secrets or
     Confidences    other information you do not have the right to use or
                    disclose and that the Company Group is not free to use
                    without liability of any kind. You agree to promptly inform
                    the Company in writing of any patents, copyrights,
                    trademarks, or other proprietary rights known to you that
                    the Company or the Company Group might violate because of
                    information you provide.

     Confidential   "Confidential Information" includes, without limitation,
     Information    information that the Company or the Company Group has not
                    previously disclosed to the public or to the trade with
                    respect to the Company's or the Company Group's present or
                    future business, including its operations, services,
                    products, research, inventions, discoveries, drawings,
                    designs, plans, processes, models, technical information,
                    facilities, methods, trade secrets, copyrights, software,
                    source code, systems, patents, procedures, manuals,
                    specifications, any other intellectual property,
                    confidential reports, price lists, pricing formulas,
                    customer lists, financial information (including the
                    revenues, costs, or profits associated with any of the
                    Company's or the Company Group's products or services),
                    business plans, lease structure, projections, prospects,
                    opportunities or strategies, acquisitions or mergers,
                    advertising or promotions, personnel matters, legal matters,
                    any other confidential and proprietary information, and any
                    other information not generally known outside the Company or
                    the Company Group that may be of value to the Company or the
                    Company Group but, notwithstanding anything to the contrary,

                                                                   Page 16 of 22
<PAGE>

                    excludes any information already properly in the public
                    domain.  "Confidential Information" also includes
                    confidential and proprietary information and trade secrets
                    that third parties entrust to the Company or the Company
                    Group in confidence.

                    You understand and agree that the rights and obligations set
                    forth in this Secrecy Section will continue indefinitely and
                    will survive termination of this Agreement and your
                    employment with the Company or the Company Group.

Exclusive Property  You confirm that all Confidential Information is and must
                    remain the exclusive property of the Company or the relevant
                    member of the Company Group.  Any office equipment
                    (including computers) you receive from the Company Group in
                    the course of your employment and all business records,
                    business papers, and business documents you keep or make,
                    whether on digital media or otherwise, in the course of your
                    employment by the Company relating to the Company or any
                    member of the Company Group must be and remain the property
                    of the Company or the relevant member of the Company Group.
                    Upon the termination of this Agreement with the Company or
                    upon the Company's request at any time, you must promptly
                    deliver to the Company or to the relevant member of the
                    Company Group any such office equipment (including
                    computers) and any Confidential Information or other
                    materials (written or otherwise) not available to the public
                    or made available to the public in a manner you know or
                    reasonably should recognize the Company did not authorize,
                    and any copies, excerpts, summaries, compilations, records,
                    or documents you made or that came into your possession
                    during your employment. You agree that you will not, without
                    the Company's consent, retain copies, excerpts, summaries,
                    or compilations of the foregoing information and materials.
                    You understand and agree that the rights and obligations set
                    forth in this Exclusive Property Section will continue
                    indefinitely and will survive termination of this Agreement
                    and your employment with the Company Group.

Copyrights,         You agree that all records, in whatever media (including
                    written

                                                                   Page 17 of 22
<PAGE>

Discoveries,        works), documents, papers, notebooks, drawings, designs,
Inventions,         and technical information, source code, object code,
Patents             processes, methods or other copyrightable or otherwise
                    protected works you conceive, create, make, invent, or
                    discover that relate to or result from any work you perform
                    or performed for the Company or the Company Group or that
                    arise from the use or assistance of the Company Group's
                    facilities, materials, personnel, or Confidential
                    Information in the course of your employment (whether or not
                    during usual working hours), whether conceived, created,
                    discovered, made, or invented individually or jointly with
                    others, will be and remain the absolute property of the
                    Company (or another appropriate member of the Company Group,
                    as specified by the Company), as will all the worldwide
                    patent, copyright, trade secret, or other intellectual
                    property rights in all such works. (All references in this
                    section to the Company include the members of the Company
                    Group, unless the Company determines otherwise.) You
                    irrevocably and unconditionally waive all rights, wherever
                    in the world enforceable, that vest in you (whether before,
                    on, or after the date of this Agreement) in connection with
                    your authorship of any such copyrightable works in the
                    course of your employment with the Company Group or any
                    predecessor. Without limitation, you waive the right to be
                    identified as the author of any such works and the right not
                    to have any such works subjected to derogatory treatment.
                    You recognize any such works are "works for hire" of which
                    the Company is the author.

                    You will promptly disclose, grant, and assign ownership to
                    the Company for its sole use and benefit any and all ideas,
                    processes, inventions, discoveries, improvements, technical
                    information, and copyrightable works (whether patentable or
                    not) that you develop, acquire, conceive or reduce to
                    practice (whether or not during usual working hours) while
                    the Company or the Company Group employs you.  You will
                    promptly disclose and hereby grant and assign ownership to
                    the Company of all patent applications, letters patent,
                    utility and design patents, copyrights, and reissues thereof
                    or any foreign equivalents thereof, that may at any time

                                                                   Page 18 of 22
<PAGE>

                    be filed or granted for or upon any such invention,
                    improvement, or information. In connection therewith:

                         You will, without charge but at the Company's expense,
                         promptly execute and deliver such applications,
                         assignments, descriptions, and other instruments as the
                         Company may consider reasonably necessary or proper to
                         vest title to any such inventions, discoveries,
                         improvements, technical information, patent
                         applications, patents, copyrightable works, or reissues
                         thereof in the Company and to enable it to obtain and
                         maintain the entire worldwide right and title thereto;
                         and

                         You will provide to the Company at its expense all such
                         assistance as the Company may reasonably require in the
                         prosecution of applications for such patents,
                         copyrights, or reissues thereof, in the prosecution or
                         defense of interferences that may be declared involving
                         any such applications, patents, or copyrights and in
                         any litigation in which the Company may be involved
                         relating to any such patents, inventions, discoveries,
                         improvements, technical information, or copyrightable
                         works or reissues thereof. The Company will reimburse
                         you for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses you incur and
                         pay you reasonable compensation for your time if the
                         Company Group no longer employs you.

                    To the extent, if any, that you own rights to works,
                    inventions, discoveries, proprietary information, and
                    copyrighted or copyrightable works, or other forms of
                    intellectual property that are incorporated in the work
                    product you create for the Company Group, you agree that the
                    Company will have an unrestricted, non-exclusive, royalty-
                    free, perpetual, transferable license to make, use, sell,
                    offer for sale, and sublicense such works and property in
                    whatever form, and you hereby grant such license to the
                    Company (and the Company Group).

                    This Copyrights, Discoveries, Inventions and Patents section
                    does not apply to an invention or discovery for which no

                                                                   Page 19 of 22
<PAGE>

                    equipment, supplies, facility or trade secret information of
                    the Company Group  (including its predecessors) was used and
                    that was developed entirely on your own time, unless (a) the
                    invention relates (i) directly to the business of the
                    Company Group, or (ii) the Company Group's actual or then
                    reasonably anticipated research or development, or (b) the
                    invention results from any work you performed for the
                    Company Group or any predecessor.

Maximum Limits      If any of the provisions of Exhibit A are ever deemed to
                    exceed the time, geographic area, or activity limitations
                    the law permits, you and the Company agree to reduce the
                    limitations to the maximum permissible limitation, and you
                    and the Company authorize a court or arbitrator having
                    jurisdiction to reform the provisions to the maximum time,
                    geographic area, and activity limitations the law permits;
                    provided, however, that such reductions apply only with
                    respect to the operation of such provision in the particular
                    jurisdiction with respect to which such adjudication is
                    made.

Injunctive Relief   Without limiting the remedies available to the Company, you
                    acknowledge

                         that a breach of any of the covenants in this Exhibit A
                         may result in material irreparable injury to the
                         Company and Company Group for which there is no
                         adequate remedy at law, and

                         that it will not be possible to measure damages for
                         such injuries precisely.

                    You agree that, if there is a breach or threatened breach,
                    the Company or any member of the Company Group may be
                    entitled to obtain a temporary restraining order and/or a
                    preliminary or permanent injunction restraining you from
                    engaging in activities prohibited by any provisions of this
                    Exhibit A or such other relief as may be required to
                    specifically enforce any of the covenants in this Exhibit A.
                    The Company or any member of the Company Group will, in
                    addition to the remedies provided in this

                                                                   Page 20 of 22
<PAGE>

                    Agreement, be entitled to avail itself of all such other
                    remedies as may now or hereafter exist at law or in equity
                    for compensation and for the specific enforcement of the
                    covenants contained in this Agreement. Resort to any remedy
                    provided for in this Section or provided for by law will not
                    prevent the concurrent or subsequent employment of any other
                    appropriate remedy or remedies, or preclude the Company's or
                    the Company Group's recovery of monetary damages and
                    compensation. You also agree that the Restricted Period or
                    such longer period during which the covenants hereunder by
                    their terms survive will extend for any and all periods for
                    which a court with personal jurisdiction over you finds that
                    you violated the covenants contained in this Exhibit A.

                                   Exhibit B
                                   ---------
                              Dispute Resolution

Mediation      If either party has a dispute or claim relating to this Agreement
               or their relationship and except as set forth in Alternatives,
               the parties must first seek to mediate the same before an
               impartial mediator the parties mutually designate, and the
               parties must equally share the expenses of such proceeding (other
               than their respective attorneys' fees).  Subject to the
               mediator's schedule, the mediation must occur within 45 days of
               either party's written demand.  However, in an appropriate
               circumstance, a party may seek emergency equitable relief from a
               court of competent jurisdiction notwithstanding this obligation
               to mediate.

Binding        If the mediation reaches no solution or the parties agree to
Arbitration    forego mediation, the parties will promptly submit their disputes
               to binding arbitration before one or more arbitrators
               (collectively or singly, the "Arbitrator") the parties agree to
               select (or whom, absent agreement, a court of competent
               jurisdiction selects). The arbitration must follow applicable law
               related to arbitration proceedings and, where appropriate, the
               Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration
               Association.

                                                                   Page 21 of 22
<PAGE>

Arbitration     All statutes of limitations and substantive laws applicable to a
Principles      court proceeding will apply to this proceeding. The Arbitrator
                will have the power to grant relief in equity as well as at law,
                to issue subpoenas duces tecum, to question witnesses, to
                consider affidavits (provided there is a fair opportunity to
                rebut the affidavits), to require briefs and written summaries
                of the material evidence, and to relax the rules of evidence and
                procedure, provided that the Arbitrator must not admit evidence
                it does not consider reliable. The Arbitrator will not have the
                authority to add to, detract from, or modify any provision of
                this Agreement. The parties agree (and the Arbitrator must
                agree) that all proceedings and decisions of the Arbitrator will
                be maintained in confidence, to the extent legally permissible,
                and not be made public by any party or the Arbitrator without
                the prior written consent of all parties to the arbitration,
                except as the law may otherwise require.

Discovery;      The parties have selected arbitration to expedite the resolution
Evidence;       of disputes of disputes and to reduce the costs and burdens
Presumptions    associated with litigation. The parties agree that the
                Arbitrator should take these concerns into account when
                determining whether to authorize discovery and, if so, the scope
                of permissible discovery and other hearing and pre-hearing
                procedures. The Arbitrator may permit reasonable discovery
                rights in preparation for the arbitration, provided that it
                should accelerate the scheduling of and responses to such
                discovery so as not to unreasonably delay the arbitration.
                Exhibits must be marked and left with the Arbitrator until it
                has rendered a decision. Either party may elect, at its expense,
                to record the proceedings by audiotape or stenographic recorder
                (but not by video). The Arbitrator may conclude that the
                applicable law of any foreign jurisdiction would be identical to
                that of Texas on the pertinent issue(s), absent a party's
                providing the Arbitrator with relevant authorities (and copying
                the opposing party) at least five business days before the
                arbitration hearing.

Nature of Award The Arbitrator must render its award, to the extent feasible,
                within 30 days after the close of the hearing. The award must
                set forth the material findings of fact and legal conclusions
                supporting the award. The parties agree that it will be final,
                binding, and enforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction.
                Where necessary or appropriate to

                                                                   Page 22 of 22
<PAGE>

               effectuate relief, the Arbitrator may issue equitable orders as
               part of or ancillary to the award. The Arbitrator must equitably
               allocate the costs and fees of the proceeding and may consider in
               doing so the relative fault of the parties. The Arbitrator may
               award reasonable attorneys' fees to the prevailing party to the
               extent a court could have made such an award.

Appeal         The parties may appeal the award based on the grounds allowed by
               statute, as well as upon the ground that the award misapplies the
               law to the facts, provided that such appeal is filed within the
               applicable time limits law allows.  If the award is appealed, the
               court may consider the ruling, evidence submitted during the
               arbitration, briefs, and arguments but must not try the case de
               novo.  The parties will bear the costs and fees associated with
               the appeal in accordance with the arbitration award or, in the
               event of a successful appeal, in accordance with the court's
               final judgment.

Alternatives   This Dispute Resolution provision does not preclude a party from
               seeking equitable relief from a court (i) to prevent imminent or
               irreparable injury or (ii) pending arbitration, to preserve the
               last peaceable status quo, nor does it preclude the parties from
               agreeing to a less expensive and faster means of dispute
               resolution.  It does not prevent the Company from immediately
               seeking in court an injunction or other remedy with respect to
               Exhibit A.

                                                                   Page 23 of 22

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