Document:

Certificate of Incorporation

 Exhibit 4.1 
  

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION 
 OF

 INTERNAP NETWORK SERVICES CORPORATION 
  
 The undersigned, a natural person (the “Sole Incorporator”), for purposes of organizing a corporation to conduct the business and promote
the purposes hereinafter stated, under the provisions and subject to the requirements of the law of the State of Delaware hereby certifies that: 
  
 I. 
  
 The name of this Corporation (hereinafter called the “Corporation”) is INTERNAP NETWORK SERVICES CORPORATION. 
  
 II. 
  
 The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is 1209 Orange Street, City of Wilmington,
County of New Castle, and the name of the registered agent of the Corporation at such address is the Corporation Trust Center. 
  
 III. 
  
 The purpose of this Corporation is to engage in any lawful activity or activity for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation Law
of the State of Delaware. 
  
 IV. 
  
 A. This Corporation is authorized to issue two classes of stock to be
designated, respectively, “Common Stock” and “Preferred Stock.” The total number of shares which the Corporation is authorized to issue is 800,000,000 shares of stock. Such shares shall be divided into two classes
as follows: 
  
 (i) 600,000,000 shares of common stock
(“Common Stock”), each having a par value of one-tenth of one cent ($0.001). 
  
 (ii) 200,000,000 shares of preferred stock (“Preferred Stock”), each having a par value of one-tenth of one cent ($0.001). 
  
 B. The Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board of Directors is hereby
authorized, by a filing a certificate (a “Preferred Stock Designation”) pursuant to Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), to fix or alter from time to time the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the
shares of each such Series And the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of any wholly unissued series of Preferred Stock, and to establish from time to time the number of shares constituting any such series or any of them; and to increase or
decrease the number of shares of any series subsequent to the issuance of shares of that series, but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding. In case the number of shares of any series shall be decreased in accordance with the
foregoing sentence, the shares constituting such decrease shall resume the status that they had prior to the adoption of the resolution originally fixing the number of shares of such series. 
  
 C. 3,500,000 of the authorized shares of Preferred Stock are hereby
designated “Series A Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series A Stock”). 
  

 D. The rights, preferences, privileges, restrictions and other matters relating to the Series A
Stock are as follows: 
  
 1. DIVIDENDS. 
  
 (a) Series A Dividends. Holders of Series A Stock shall be
entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, but only out of funds that are legally available therefor, cash dividends, at the rate often percent (10%) of the Original Issue Price (as hereinafter defined) per annum on
each outstanding share of Series A Stock (as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to such shares). The Original Issue Price of the Series A Stock shall be $32.00 per share (the
“Original Issue Price”). Such dividends shall be payable only when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors and shall be non-cumulative. 
  

(b) Common Stock Dividends. So long as any shares of Series A Stock shall be outstanding, no dividend, whether in cash or other property,
shall be declared or paid or set apart for payment in any fiscal year nor shall any other distribution be made (other than repurchases by the Corporation of unvested shares pursuant to the terms of the applicable stock purchase agreements and
acquisitions of Common Stock in exercise of the Corporation’s right of first refusal to repurchase such shares) on any Common Stock (other than any dividend or distribution payable solely in Common Stock), nor shall any Common Stock be
redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired, unless dividends for the entire twelve (12) months of such fiscal year, and all declared and unpaid dividends, shall have been paid in full with respect to all outstanding shares of Series A Stock in an
amount per share as set forth in Section (IV)(D)(1)(a). 
  
 2. LIQUIDATION
RIGHTS. 
  
 (a) General. 
  
 (i) Upon any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the
Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of Common Stock, the holders of shares of Series A Stock shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Corporation legally
available for distribution or the consideration received in such transaction an amount per share of Series A Stock equal to the Original Issue Price of such Series A Stock plus all declared and unpaid dividends on such Series A Stock (as adjusted
for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to such shares after the filing date hereof) for each share of Series A Stock held by them. If, upon the occurrence of such event, the assets of the
Corporation are insufficient to permit the payment of the full liquidation preference set forth in this Section (IV)(D)(2)(a)(i), then such assets (or consideration) shall be distributed ratably among the holders of shares of Series A Stock, if any,
in the same proportions as the aggregate liquidation preference each such holder would otherwise be entitled to receive bears to the total liquidation preference that would otherwise be payable to all such holders, and no distribution to other
stockholders of the Corporation shall be made. 
  
 (ii)
Upon the completion of the distributions contemplated pursuant to Section (IV)(D)(2)(a)(i) above, if assets (or consideration received in such transaction) remain in the Corporation, such remaining assets (or consideration) shall be distributed
ratably to the holders of the Common Stock and the holders of the Series A Stock (on an as-converted basis) until such time as the holders of Series A Stock have received an amount per share of Series A Stock equal in the aggregate to three (3)
times the Original Issue Price (as adjusted for stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to such Series A Stock after the filing date hereof). Thereafter, 
  

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 the remaining assets (or consideration) legally available for distribution, if any, shall be distributed ratably to the
holders of Common Stock. 
  
 (b) Distributions Other
Than Cash. Whenever the distribution provided for in this Section (IV)(D)(2) shall be payable in property other than cash, the value of such distribution shall be the fair market value of such property as determined in good faith by the Board of
Directors. Any securities shall be valued as follows: 
  
 (i)
Securities not subject to investment letter or other similar restrictions on free marketability covered by (ii) below: 
  
 (1) If traded on a securities exchange or through the Nasdaq National Market, the value shall be deemed to be the average of the closing prices of
the securities on such quotation system over the thirty (30) day period ending three (3) days prior to such distribution; 
  
 (2) If actively traded over-the-counter, the value shall be deemed to be the average of the closing bid or sales price (whichever is applicable)
over the thirty (30) day period ending three (3) days prior to such distribution; and 
  
 (3) If there is no active public market, the value shall be the fair market value thereof, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors. 
  
 (ii) The method of valuation of securities subject to investment letter or other restrictions on free marketability
(other than restrictions arising solely by virtue of a stockholder’s status as an affiliate or former affiliate) shall be to make an approximate discount from the market value determined above in subsection (i)(1), (2) or (3) to reflect the
approximate fair market value thereof, as determined by the Board of Directors. 
  
 (c) Deemed Liquidation Event. For purposes of this Section (IV)(D)(2), each of the following events shall be deemed a liquidation event: 
  
 (i) (A) any consolidation or merger of the Corporation with or into any other corporation or other entity or person,
or any other corporate reorganization, effected by the Corporation with the approval of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, in which the stockholders of the Corporation immediately prior to such consolidation, merger or reorganization, own
less than fifty percent (50%) of the Corporation’s voting power immediately after such consolidation, merger or reorganization; or (B) a transaction or series of transactions, effected with the approval of the Board of Directors of the
Corporation, in which a person or group of persons (as defined in Rule 13d-5(b)(1) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), acquires beneficial ownership (as determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 of
the Exchange Act) of more than fifty percent (50%) of the Common Stock or voting power of the Corporation (each, an “Acquisition”), excluding, in each case, 
  
 (1) any transaction solely to effect a holding company reorganization or to change the Corporation’s domicile;
or 
  
 (2) any transaction pursuant to which the Series A
Stock was first acquired from the Corporation; or 
  
 (3)
any change in ownership caused by a change in the applicable Series A Conversion Price (as defined herein); or 
  

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 (ii) a sale, lease or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation (an
“Asset Transfer”); provided that an Asset Transfer shall not include any sale, lease or disposition not effected voluntarily by the Corporation (including, without limitation, actions taken in response to a contractual obligation or court
order). 
  
 3. VOTING RIGHTS. 
  
 (a) General. Except as otherwise provided herein or as required
bylaw, the Series A Stock shall be voted together with the shares of Common Stock and not as a separate class at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation upon the following basis: each share of Series A Stock shall be
entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of shares of Common Stock into which such share of Series A Stock could be converted pursuant to the applicable provisions of Section (IV)(D)(4) hereof immediately after the close of business on
the record date fixed for such meeting and shall be entitled to notice of any stockholders’ meeting in accordance with the Bylaws of the Corporation. Such votes shall be counted together with all other shares of capital stock having general
voting powers and not separately as a class or series. Fractional votes shall not be permitted and any fractional voting rights available on an as-converted basis (after aggregating all shares into which shares of Series A Stock held by each holder
could be converted) shall be rounded to the nearest whole number (with one-half shares and greater being rounded upward). In all cases where the holders of shares of Series A Stock have the right to vote separately as a class or series, such holders
shall be entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock into which such holders’ shares of Series A Stock are convertible pursuant to the applicable provisions of Section (IV)(D)(4) hereof. 
  
 (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section (IV)(D)(3), if
the Value of voting securities of the Corporation beneficially owned on the Original Issue Date by any holder of Series A Stock is greater than fifty million dollars ($50,000,000), then those shares of Series A Stock (and any shares of Common Stock
issuable upon conversion thereof) shall be non-voting in all respects to the extent they cause the Value of such holder’s voting securities of the Corporation to exceed fifty million dollars ($50, 000, 000) until such holder has obtained the
required clearances under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1986, as amended. For purposes of this subsection (b), “Value” shall mean the sum of (i) the product obtained by multiplying the number of shares of
Common Stock held by the holder on the Original Issue Date by the closing market price on such date, and (ii) the aggregate Original Issue Price of the shares of Series A Stock held by such holder. 
  
 (c) Election of the Board of Directors. 
  
 (i) In addition to the right to vote on all matters submitted to a
vote of stockholders, including the election of directors, so long as at least shares of the Series A Stock, representing five million (5,000,000) Common Stock equivalents (as adjusted for stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and
the like with respect to such Series A Stock after the filing date hereof) remain outstanding, the holders of the Series A Stock shall have the right, as a separate voting class, to elect two (2) directors to the Board of Directors of the
Corporation and to remove from office such directors or fill any vacancy caused by the resignation, death or removal of such directors. This right to elect two directors as a separate voting class may be waived in any election of directors with the
written consent of holders of more than fifty percent (50%) of the shares of Series A Stock. The Board of Directors shall consist of no more than nine (9) members. 
  
 (ii) The holders of Common Stock and Series A Stock, voting together as a single class on an as converted basis,
shall be entitled to elect all remaining directors of the Board of Directors at each meeting for the election of directors and to remove from office such directors or fill any vacancy caused by the resignation, death or removal of such directors.

  

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 (d) Separate Vote of Series A Stock. So long as at least shares of Series A Stock,
representing five million (5,000,000) Common Stock equivalents (as adjusted for stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to such Series A Stock after the filing date hereof), remain outstanding, in addition
to any other vote or consent required herein or by law, the vote of more than fifty percent (50%) (unless a greater number is otherwise required by law) of the outstanding Series A Stock shall be necessary for effecting or validating the following
actions: 
  
 (i) Any amendment, alteration, or repeal of
any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Corporation (including any filing of a Certificate of Designation) that affects adversely the voting powers, preferences, or other special rights or privileges, qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of the Series A Stock; 
  
 (ii)
Any increase or decrease (other than by redemption or conversion) in the authorized number of shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock; 
  
 (iii) Any authorization or any designation, whether by reclassification or otherwise, or any offer, sale or issuance of any new class or series of
stock or any other securities convertible into equity securities of the Corporation ranking on parity with or senior to the Series A Stock in rights of redemption, liquidation preference, voting or dividends or any increase in the authorized or
designated number of any such new class or series; 
  
 (iv)
Any redemption, repurchase (including by a tender or exchange offer made by the Corporation or any of its affiliates for all or any portion of the Common Stock), payment of dividends or other distributions with respect to Common Stock or any
other junior stock of the Corporation (except for acquisitions of Common Stock by the Corporation pursuant to agreements which permit the Corporation to repurchase such shares upon termination of services to the Corporation or in exercise of the
Corporation’s right of first refusal upon a proposed transfer); 
  
 (v) Any deemed liquidation event or winding up of the Corporation set forth in Section (IV)(D)(2)(c) hereof; 
  
 (vi) Any change in the number of directors on the Corporation’s Board of Directors; 
  
 (vii) Any loans to or repayment of debts to officers or other
affiliates of the Corporation, except as may be in effect prior to the Original Issue Date; 
  
 (viii) Any issuance of a debt instrument, including any equipment leasing arrangement, in excess of five million dollars ($5,000,000); 
  
 (ix) Any Section 305 transaction as defined in the Internal Revenue Code; or 
  
 (x) Any increase in the number of shares subject to the
Corporation’s stock compensation plans. 
  
 Notwithstanding the foregoing,
any shares of Series A Stock beneficially owned by Morgan Stanley Venture Partners, Capital Ventures International, RGC International Investors, LDC or any of their affiliates, shall not be entitled to vote on, and shall not be counted for purposes
of determining the percentage of votes cast, the actions set forth above in subsection 3(c)(i) and this subsection 3(d) (other than those set forth in subsections (i), (iii) and (iv) of this subsection 3(d)). 
  

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 4. CONVERSION. 
  
 (a) General. 
  
 (i) Mandatory Conversion. 
  
 (1) Subject to the Corporation’s compliance with Section(IV)(D)(4)(a)(i)(2) below, each share of Series A Stock (and fraction thereof) shall
be converted automatically, without any action by the holders of such shares and whether or not the certificates representing such shares are surrendered to the Corporation or its transfer agent, into such number of fully paid and nonassessable
shares of Common Stock as is determined by dividing the Original Issue Price by the Series A Conversion Price upon the date (the “Mandatory Conversion Date”) which is the earlier of: (A) three (3) years after the Original Issue Date
(as hereinafter defined); (B) a date six(6) months after the Original Issue Date on which the Common Stock price has traded above the greater of $5.00 (as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like) per
share or 1/4 (one fourth) times the Original Issue Price (as adjusted for stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like) for a period of forty-five (45) consecutive Trading Days (as defined below); provided, however,
that such shares shall be automatically converted only to the extent that the restrictions set forth in Section 5.5(a) and Section 5.5(c) of the Purchase Agreement (as hereinafter defined) are no longer applicable; or (C) upon the affirmative
election of holders of at least sixty percent (60%) of the outstanding shares of Series A Stock. Upon any such automatic conversion, any declared and unpaid dividends shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of Section (IV)(D)(4)(m). For
purposes herein, “Original Issue Date” shall mean the date that the first share of Series A Stock is issued and “Purchase Agreement” shall mean the Unit Purchase Agreement by and between the Corporation and the
Purchasers (as identified on Exhibit A thereto) dated July 20, 2001. 
  
 (2) The automatic conversion of the Series A Stock pursuant to Section (IV)(D)(4)(a)(i) is subject to the satisfaction of the following additional conditions: 
  
 a. the Registration Statement as defined in the Purchase Agreement
shall be available to the holders on the Mandatory Conversion Date for the resale by the holders thereof of the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A Stock and the exercise of the Warrants(as defined in the Purchase Agreement);

  
 b. the Corporation shall have complied with or
performed in all material respects its covenants and agreements set forth in the Purchase Agreement and the Warrants that are required to be complied with or performed by the Corporation on or before the Mandatory Conversion Date; 
  
 c. the representations and warranties of the Corporation set forth
in the Purchase Agreement have been, as of the date of Closing (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date which representations shall be true and correct as of such date), true
and correct in all material respects except for any inaccuracy which does not constitute a material adverse change in the business or status of the Corporation provided that “material adverse effect” qualifications and other
qualifications based on the word “material” contained in any representation and warranty shall be disregarded with respect to this exception on each Mandatory Conversion Date; and 
  
 d. the Common Stock issuable upon the Mandatory Conversion of the
Series A Stock and upon exercise of the Warrants shall be listed for quotation and/or trading on the Nasdaq National Market, New York Stock Exchange or American Stock Exchange and no suspension of 
  

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 trading in the Common Stock on such market shall have occurred and be continuing as of the Mandatory Conversion Date and
the Common Stock shall continue to meet the minimum listing requirements of the market on which the Common Stock is then listed for quotation or trading. 
  
 Not more than three (3) Trading Days following the Mandatory Conversion Date, the Corporation shall deliver to each holder of Series A Stock a certificate signed by an
officer of the Corporation certifying that the conditions set forth in this subparagraph 4(a)(i) have been fulfilled and specifying the actual Mandatory Conversion Date and the actual Series A Conversion Ratio and Series A Conversion Price, it being
understood that the holder may rely on such certificate as though it were a representation and warranty of the Corporation made in the Purchase Agreement and, in the event of any breach thereof, shall be entitled to the same remedies as may be
available to the holder in the event of a breach of any such representation or warranty. 
  
 (3) For purposes of this Certificate, “Trading Day” shall mean (A) if the applicable security is listed or admitted for trading on the New York Stock Exchange or another national security
exchange, a day on which the New York Stock Exchange or such other national security exchange is open for business or (B) if the applicable security is quoted on the Nasdaq National Market, a day on which trades may be quoted thereon or (C) if the
applicable security is not so listed, admitted for trading or quoted, any day other than a Saturday or Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close. 

 
 (ii) Voluntary Conversion. Each share of Series A Stock (or
fraction thereof) may, at the option of the holder, be converted at any time into such number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock as determined by dividing the Original Issue Price by the Series A Conversion Price. 
  
 (b) Conversion Price and Conversion Ratio.  
  
 (i) Conversion Ratio. The conversion ratio for Series A Stock
in effect at any time for conversion of the Series A Stock (the “Series A Conversion Ratio”) shall be the quotient obtained by dividing the Original Issue Price by the Series A Conversion Price, calculated as provided in Section
(IV)(D)(4)(b)(ii). 
  
 (ii) Conversion Price. The
conversion price for Series A Stock shall initially be $1.60 (the “Series A Conversion Price”). Such initial Series A Conversion Price shall be adjusted from time to time in accordance with this Section (IV)(D)(4). All references to
Series A Conversion Price herein shall mean the Series A Conversion Price as so adjusted. 
  
 (c) Adjustments for Stock Splits and Combinations. If at any time or from time to time after July 20, 2001 (the “Designation Date”) the Corporation effects a subdivision of outstanding
Common Stock without a corresponding subdivision of Series A Stock, the Series A Conversion Price shall be proportionately decreased. Conversely, if at any time or from time to time after the Designation Date the Corporation combines the outstanding
shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares without a corresponding combination of Series A Stock, the Series A Conversion Price shall be proportionately increased. Any adjustment under this Section (IV)(D)(4)(c) shall become effective at
the close of business on the date the applicable subdivision or combination becomes effective. 
  
 (d) Adjustments for Common Stock Dividends and Distributions. If at any time or from time to time after the Designation Date the Corporation pays a dividend or other distribution in 
  

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 additional shares of Common Stock, the Series A Conversion Price shall be decreased as of the time of such issuance, as
provided below: 
  
 (i) The Series A Conversion Price
shall be adjusted by multiplying the Series A Conversion Price by a fraction: 
  
 (1) the numerator of which is the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the time of such issuance; and 
  
 (2) the denominator of which is the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior
to the time of such issuance plus the number of shares of Common Stock issuable in payment of such dividend or distribution; 
  
 (ii) If the Corporation fixes a record date to determine which holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive such dividend or other distribution,
the Series A Conversion Price shall be fixed as of the close of business on such record date and the number of shares of Common Stock shall be calculated immediately prior to the close of business on such record date; and 
  
 (iii) If such record date is fixed and such dividend is not fully
paid or if such distribution is not fully made on the date fixed therefor, the Series A Conversion Price shall be recomputed accordingly as of the close of business on such record date and thereafter the Series A Conversion Price shall be adjusted
pursuant to this Section (IV)(D)(4)(d) to reflect the actual payment of such dividend or distribution. 
  
 (e) Adjustments for Reclassifications, Exchanges or Substitutions. If at any time or from time to time after the Designation Date, the
Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A Stock is changed into the same or a different number of shares of any class or classes of stock, whether by recapitalization, reclassification or otherwise (other than an Acquisition or Asset
Transfer as defined in Section (IV)(D)(2)(c) hereto or a subdivision or combination of shares or stock dividend or a reorganization, merger, consolidation or sale of assets provided for elsewhere in this Section(IV)(D)(4)), in any such event each
holder of Series A Stock shall then have the right thereafter to convert such stock into the kind and amount of stock and other securities and property receivable upon such recapitalization, reclassification or other change as if this Series A Stock
had been converted immediately prior to such event. Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever any event listed above shall occur. 
  
 (f) Reorganizations, Mergers or Consolidations. If at any time or from time to time after the Designation Date, there is a capital
reorganization of the Common Stock or the merger or consolidation of the Corporation with or into another corporation or another entity or person(other than an Acquisition or Asset Transfer as defined in Section(IV)(D)(2)(c) hereof or a
recapitalization, subdivision, combination, reclassification, exchange or substitution of shares provided for elsewhere in this Section (IV)(D)(4)), as a part of such capital reorganization, provision shall be made so that the holders of the Series
A Stock shall thereafter be entitled to receive upon conversion of the Series A Stock the number of shares of stock or other securities or property to which a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock deliverable upon conversion would have been
entitled on such capital reorganization assuming (i) such holder of Common Stock is not a person with which the Corporation consolidated or into which the Corporation merged or which merged into the Corporation or to which such sale or transfer was
made, as the case may be (the “Constituent Person”), or an affiliate of a Constituent Person and (ii) in the case of a consolidation, merger, sale or transfer which includes an election as to the consideration to be received by the
holders, such holders of Common Stock failed to exercise its rights of election, as to the kind or amount of securities, cash and other property receivable 
  

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 upon such consolidation, merger, sale or other transfer; (provided that if the kind or amount of securities, cash
and other property receivable upon such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer is not the same for each share of Common Stock held immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer by other than the Constituent Person or an
affiliate thereof and in respect of which such rights of election shall not have been exercised(the “Non-Electing Share”), then for purposes of this paragraph the kind and amount of securities, cash and other property receivable
upon such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer for each Non-Electing Share shall be deemed to be the kind and amount so receivable per share by a plurality of the Non-Electing Shares. In any such case, appropriate adjustment shall be made in the
application of the provisions of this Section (IV)(D)(4) with respect to the rights of the holders of Series A Stock after the capital reorganization to the end that the provisions of this Section (IV)(D)(4) (including adjustment of the Series A
Conversion Price and the number of shares issuable upon conversion of the Series A Stock) shall be applicable after that event and be as nearly equivalent as practicable. 
  
 (g) Extraordinary Dividend. In case the Corporation shall fix a record date for the making of a distribution
to holders of Common Stock(including any such distribution made in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Corporation is the continuing corporation) of evidences of indebtedness, assets or other property (other than dividends payable
in Common Stock or rights, options or warrants referred to in, and for which an adjustment is made pursuant to, this Section (IV)(D)(4)), the Series A Conversion Price to be in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying the
Series A Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the Current Market Price (as hereinafter defined) per share of Common Stock on such record date, less the fair market value of
the portion of the assets, other property or evidence of indebtedness so to be distributed which is applicable to one share of Common Stock, and the denominator of which shall be such Current Market Price per share of Common Stock. Such fair market
value shall be determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation; provided that if the holder of Series A Stock shall object to any such determination, the holder of Series A Stock shall retain an independent appraiser reasonably
satisfactory to the Corporation to determine such fair market value. Such adjustments shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed; and in the event that such distribution is not so made, the Series A Conversion Price shall again
be adjusted to be the Series A Conversion Price which would then be in effect if such record date had not been fixed. The “Current Market Price” per share of Common Stock at any date shall be deemed to be the average of the last
reported sale prices for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days preceding the date in question. 
  
 (h) Adjustment to Reflect Future Market Price. In the event that the volume-weighted average trading price on the Nasdaq National Market System for the Common Stock for the five Trading Days following
the tenth (10th) Trading Day following the public announcement of the Corporation’s financial results for the three months ended June 30, 2001 (which announcement shall be made on the same Trading Day as the public announcement of the sale of
the Units) (the “Reset Price”) is less than the then effective Series A Conversion Price, then and in such case, the then existing Series A Conversion Price, then and in such case, the then existing Series A Conversion Price shall
be adjusted, as of the close of business on the date the Reset Price is determinable, to a price equal to the Reset Price. 
  
 (i) Sales of Shares Below Series A Conversion Price. 
  
 (i) If at any time or from time to time after the Designation Date, the Corporation issues or sells, or is deemed by
the express provisions of this subsection (i) to have issued or sold, Additional Shares of Common Stock (as defined in subsection (i)(vii) below), other than as a dividend or other distribution on Common Stock as provided in Sections (IV)(D)(4)(c)
and(IV)(D)(4)(d) above, and 
  

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 other than a subdivision or combination of shares of Common Stock as provided in Section (IV)(D)(4)(c) above, for an
Effective Price (as defined in subsection (i)(vii) below) less than the Series A Conversion Price, then and in each such case, the Series A Conversion Price shall be adjusted, as of the opening of business on the date of such issue or sale, to a
price equal to the Effective Price at which such Additional Shares of Common Stock are so issued. 
  
 (ii) For the purpose of making any adjustment required under this Section (IV)(D)(4)(i), the aggregate consideration received by the Corporation
for any issue or sale of securities shall be: (A) to the extent it consists of cash, be computed at the net amount of cash received by the Corporation after deduction of any underwriting or similar commissions, compensation or concessions paid or
allowed by the Corporation in connection with such issue or sale but without deduction of any expenses payable by the Corporation; (B) to the extent it consists of property other than cash, be computed at the fair value of that property as
determined in good faith by the Board of Directors; and (C) if Additional Shares of Common Stock, Convertible Securities (as hereinafter defined) or rights or options to purchase either Additional Shares of Common Stock or Convertible Securities are
issued or sold together with other stock or securities or other assets of the Corporation for a consideration which covers both, be computed as the portion of the consideration so received that may be reasonably determined in good faith by the Board
of Directors to be allocable to such Additional Shares of Common Stock, Convertible Securities or rights or options (the “Aggregate Consideration”). 
  
 (iii) For the purpose of the adjustment required under this Section (IV)(D)(4)(i), if the Corporation issues or sells
(A) any rights or options for the purchase of, or stock or other securities convertible into, Additional Shares of Common Stock (such convertible stock or securities being herein referred to as “Convertible Securities”) or (B)
rights or options for the purchase of Additional Shares of Common Stock or Convertible Securities, in each case the Corporation shall be deemed to have issued at the time of the issuance of such rights or options or Convertible Securities the
maximum number of Additional Shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise or conversion thereof and to have received as consideration for the issuance of such shares an amount equal to the total amount of the consideration, if any, received by the
Corporation for the issuance of such rights or options or Convertible Securities plus: in the case of such rights or options, the minimum amounts of consideration, if any, payable to the Corporation upon the exercise of such rights or options, and,
in the case of Convertible Securities, the minimum amounts of consideration, if any, payable to the Corporation upon the conversion thereof (other than by cancellation of liabilities or obligations evidenced by such Convertible Securities);
provided that if in the case of Convertible Securities the minimum amounts of such consideration cannot be ascertained, but are a function of antidilution or similar protective clauses, the Corporation shall be deemed to have received the
minimum amounts of consideration without reference to such clauses. 
  
 (iv) If the minimum amount of consideration payable to the Corporation upon the exercise or conversion of rights, options or Convertible Securities is reduced over time or on the occurrence or non-occurrence of specified events other
than by reason of antidilution adjustments for which a corresponding adjustment is made hereunder, the Effective Price shall be recalculated using the figure to which such minimum amount of consideration is reduced; provided further that if the
minimum amount of consideration payable to the Corporation upon the exercise or conversion of such rights, options or Convertible Securities is subsequently increased, the Effective Price shall be again recalculated using the increased minimum
amount of consideration payable to the Corporation upon the exercise or conversion of such rights, options or Convertible Securities. 
  
 (v) No further adjustment of the Series A Conversion Price, as adjusted upon the issuance of such rights, options or Convertible Securities, shall
be made as a result of the actual issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock or the exercise of any such rights or options or the conversion of any such Convertible Securities. If any such rights or options or the conversion privilege represented
by 
  

 Page 10 of 17 

 any such Convertible Securities shall expire without having been exercised, the Series A Conversion Price as adjusted
upon the issuance of such rights, options or Convertible Securities shall be readjusted to the Series A Conversion Price which would have been in effect had an adjustment been made on the basis that the only Additional Shares of Common Stock so
issued were the Additional Shares of Common Stock, if any, actually issued or sold on the exercise of such rights or options or rights of conversion of such Convertible Securities, and such Additional Shares of Common Stock, if any, were issued or
sold for the consideration actually received by the Corporation upon such exercise, plus the consideration, if any, actually received by the Corporation for the granting of all such rights or options, whether or not exercised, plus the consideration
received for issuing or selling the Convertible Securities actually converted, plus the consideration, if any, actually received by the Corporation (other than by cancellation of liabilities or obligations evidenced by such Convertible Securities)
on the conversion of such Convertible Securities, provided that such readjustment shall not apply to prior conversions of Series A Stock. 
  
 (vi) No adjustment of the Series A Conversion Price shall be made in an amount less than one cent per share, provided that any adjustments
that are not required to be made by reason of this sentence shall be carried forward and shall be taken into account in any subsequent adjustment made to the Series A Conversion Price. Except as provided in Section (IV)(D)(4)(c), no adjustment of
the Series A Conversion Price pursuant to this Section(IV)(D)(4)(i) shall have the effect of increasing the Series A Conversion Price above the Series A Conversion Price in effect immediately before such adjustment. 
  
 (vii) Additional Shares of Common Stock. For the purpose of
making any adjustment to the Series A Conversion Price required under this Section (IV)(D)(4), “Additional Shares of Common Stock” shall mean all shares of Common Stock issued by the Corporation or deemed to be issued pursuant to this
Section (IV)(D)(4), whether or not subsequently reacquired or retired by the Corporation other than: (A) shares of Common Stock issued upon conversion of the Series A Stock; (B) shares of Common Stock and/or options, warrants or other Common Stock
purchase rights, and the Common Stock issued pursuant to such options, warrants or other rights (as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like) issued after the Designation Date to employees, officers or
directors of, or consultants or advisors to, the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to stock purchase or stock option plans or other similar arrangements that are approved by the Board; (C) shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to the
exercise of options, warrants or convertible securities outstanding as of the Designation Date; (D) shares of Common Stock and/or options, warrants or other Common Stock purchase rights, and the Common Stock issued pursuant to such options, warrants
or other rights issued for consideration other than cash pursuant to a merger, consolidation, acquisition or similar business combination approved by the Board; and (E) shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to any equipment leasing arrangement, or
debt financing from a bank or similar financial institution approved by the Board. References to Common Stock in the subsections of this clause (vii) above shall mean all shares of Common Stock issued by the Corporation or deemed to be issued
pursuant to this Section (IV)(D)(4). The “Effective Price” of Additional Shares of Common Stock shall mean the quotient determined by dividing the total number of Additional Shares of Common Stock issued or sold, or deemed to have
been issued or sold, by the Corporation under this Section (IV)(D)(4)(i), into the Aggregate Consideration received, or deemed to have been received, by the Corporation for such issuance or sale. 
  
 (j) Third Party Tender Offer. If at any time or from time to
time after the Designation Date, a tender or exchange offer is made by a person other than the Corporation or one of its affiliates for an amount that increases the offeror’s ownership of Common Stock to more than twenty-five percent (25%) of
the Common Stock outstanding and shall involve the payment by such person of consideration per share of Common Stock having a fair market value (as determined by the Board of 
  

 Page 11 of 17 

 Directors and described in a resolution of the Board of Directors) that as of the last time (the “Offer
Expiration Time”) tenders or exchanges may be made pursuant to such tender or exchange offer (as it shall have been amended) exceeds the Current Market Price of the Common Stock on the Trading Day next succeeding the Offer Expiration Time,
and in which, as of the Offer Expiration Time the Board of Directors is not recommending rejection of the offer, the Series A Conversion Price shall be reduced so that the same shall equal the price determined by multiplying the Series A Conversion
Price in effect immediately prior to the Offer Expiration Time by a fraction the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding (including any tendered or exchanges shares) at the Offer Expiration Time multiplied by the
Current Market Price of the Common Stock on the Trading Day next succeeding the Offer Expiration Time and the denominator of which shall be the sum of (i) the fair market value of the aggregate consideration payable to stockholders based on the
acceptance (up to a maximum specified in the terms of the tender or exchange offer) of all shares validly tendered or exchanged and not withdrawn as of the Offer Expiration Time (the shares deemed so accepted, up to any such maximum, being referred
to as the “Accepted Purchased Shares”) and (ii) the product of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding (less any Accepted Purchased Shares) at the Offer Expiration Time and the Current Market Price of the Common Stock on
the Trading Day next succeeding the Offer Expiration Time, such reduction to become effective immediately prior to the opening of business on the Trading Day following the Offer Expiration Time. In the event that the offeror is obligated to purchase
shares pursuant to any such tender or exchange offer, but such person is permanently prevented by applicable law from effecting any such purchase or all such purchases are rescinded, the Series A Conversion Price shall again be adjusted to be the
Series A Conversion Price that would be in effect if such tender or exchange offer had not been made. 
  
 (k) Certificate as to Adjustments—Notice by the Corporation. In each case of an adjustment or readjustment of the Series A Conversion
Price, the Corporation, at its expense, shall compute such adjustment or readjustment in accordance with the provisions hereof and prepare a certificate showing such adjustment or readjustment, and shall mail such certificate, by first class mail,
postage prepaid, to each registered holder of Series A Stock at the holder’s address as shown in the Corporation’s books. The certificate shall set forth such adjustment or readjustment, showing in detail the facts upon which such
adjustment or readjustment is based, including a statement of (i) the consideration received or deemed to be received by the Corporation for any Additional Shares of Common Stock issued or sold or deemed to have been issued or sold, (ii) the Series
A Conversion Price at the time in effect, (iii) the number of Additional Shares of Common Stock and (iv) the type and amount, if any, of other property which at the time would be received upon conversion of the Series A Stock. 
  
 (l) Notices of Record Date. Upon (i) any taking by the
Corporation of a record of the holders of any class of securities for the purpose of determining the holders thereof who are entitled to receive any dividend or other distribution, or (ii) any Acquisition or other capital reorganization of the
Corporation, any reclassification or recapitalization of the capital stock of the Corporation, any merger or consolidation of the Corporation with or into any other corporation, Asset Transfer, or any voluntary or involuntary dissolution,
liquidation or winding up of the Corporation, the Corporation shall mail to each holder of Series A Stock at least ten (10) days prior to the record date specified therein a notice specifying (A) the date on which any such record is to be taken for
the purpose of such dividend or distribution and a description of such dividend or distribution, (B) the date on which any such Acquisition, reorganization, reclassification, transfer, consolidation, merger, Asset Transfer, dissolution, liquidation
or winding up is expected to become effective, and (C) the date, if any, that is to be fixed as to when the holders of record of Common Stock (or other securities) shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock (or other securities) for
securities or other property deliverable upon such Acquisition, reorganization, reclassification, transfer, consolidation, merger, Asset Transfer, dissolution, liquidation or winding up. 
  

 Page 12 of 17 

 (m) Mechanics of Conversion. Each holder of Series A Stock who desires to convert the same
into shares of Common Stock pursuant to this Section (IV)(D)(4) shall surrender the certificate or certificates therefor, duly endorsed, at the office of the Corporation or any transfer agent for the Series A Stock, and shall give written notice to
the Corporation at such office that such holder elects to convert the same. Such notice shall state the number of shares of Series A Stock being converted. Thereupon, the Corporation shall promptly issue and deliver at such office to such holder a
certificate or certificates for the number of shares of Common Stock to which such holder is entitled and shall promptly pay (i) in cash or, to the extent sufficient funds are not then legally available therefor, in Common Stock (at the Current
Market Price), any declared and unpaid dividends on the shares of Series A Stock being converted and (ii) in cash (at the Current Market Price)the value of any fractional share of Common Stock otherwise issuable to any holder of Series A Stock. Such
conversion shall be deemed to have been made at the close of business on the date of such surrender of the certificates representing the shares of Series A Stock to be converted, and the person entitled to receive the shares of Common Stock issuable
upon such conversion shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder of such shares of Common Stock on such date. 
  
 (n) Partial Conversion. If some but not all of the shares of Series A Stock represented by a certificate or certificates surrendered by a
holder are converted, the Corporation shall execute and deliver to or on the order of the holder, at the expense of the Corporation, a new certificate representing the shares of Series A Stock that were not converted. 
  
 (o) Fractional Shares. No fractional shares of Common Stock
shall be issued upon conversion of shares of Series A Stock. In lieu of fractional shares, the Corporation shall pay cash equal to the fair market value of such Common Stock, as determined by the Board of Directors in good faith based on the
earnings history, book value and prospects of the Corporation in light of market conditions generally. 
  
 (p) Notice. Any notice required by the provisions of this Section (IV)(D)(4) shall be in writing and shall be deemed effectively given: (i)
upon personal delivery to the party to be notified, (ii) when sent by confirmed electronic mail or facsimile if sent during normal business hours of the recipient; if not, then on the next business day, (iii) five (5) days after having been sent by
registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or (iv) one (1) day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier, specifying next day delivery, with verification of receipt. All notices shall be addressed to
each holder of record at the address of such holder appearing on the books of the Corporation. 
  
 (q) Payment of Taxes. The Corporation shall pay all taxes (other than taxes based upon income) and other governmental charges that may be imposed with respect to the issue or delivery of shares of Common
Stock upon conversion of shares of Series A Stock, excluding any tax or other charge imposed in connection with any transfer involved in the issue and delivery of shares of Common Stock in a name other than that in which the shares of Series A Stock
so converted were registered. 
  
 (r) No Impairment.
Without the consent of the holders of then outstanding Series A Stock as required under Section (IV)(D)(3)(d), the Corporation shall not amend its Certificate of Incorporation or participate in any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation,
merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or take any other voluntary action, for the purpose of avoiding or seeking to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms to be observed or performed hereunder by the Corporation, but
shall at all times in good faith assist in carrying out all such action as maybe reasonably necessary or appropriate in order to protect the conversion rights of the holders of the Series A Stock against other impairment. 
  

 Page 13 of 17 

 (s) Reservation of Common Stock. The Corporation shall at all times reserve and keep
available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the shares of the Series A Stock, such number of its shares of Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect
the conversion of all outstanding shares of the Series A Stock and, if at any time the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock is insufficient to effect the conversion of all then outstanding shares of the Series A Stock, the
Corporation shall immediately take such corporate action as may be necessary to increase its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock to such number of shares as is sufficient for such purpose. 
  
 5. NO REISSUANCE OF STOCK. No share or shares of Series A Stock converted, purchased,
redeemed or otherwise acquired by the Corporation may be reissued, and all such shares shall be canceled, retired and eliminated from the shares that the Corporation is authorized to issue. The Corporation may from time to time take such appropriate
corporate action as may be necessary to reduce the authorized number of shares of Series A Stock accordingly. 
  

	6.	 	REDEMPTION. Shares of Series A Stock shall not be subject to involuntary redemption by the Corporation, in whole or in part. 

  
 7. PURCHASE OF SERIES A STOCK BY CORPORATION. Nothing in this Certificate of
Incorporation prevents or restricts the Corporation from offering to purchase, from time to time either in a public or private sale, all or any of the Series A Stock at such price or prices as the Corporation may determine, subject to provisions of
applicable law. 
  
 8. FRACTIONAL SHARES OF SERIES A STOCK. The Corporation
may sell or issue, and holders of Series A Stock may hold, own or transfer, fractional shares of Series A Stock. Nothing in this Certificate of Incorporation shall prevent or restrict the application of the provisions of this Certificate to
fractional shares of Series A Stock. 
  
 9. ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS ON
VOLUNTARY CONVERSION OR TRANSFER AND RIGHT TO VOTE. In no event shall either Capital Ventures International or RGC International Investors, LDC have the right voluntarily to convert shares of Series A Stock into shares of Common Stock under
Section (IV)(D)(4)(a)(ii) hereof or to dispose of any Series A Stock or to vote any shares of Series A Stock to the extent that such right to effect such voluntary conversion or disposition or to vote would result in either Capital Ventures
International or any of its affiliates or RGC International Investors, LDC or any of its affiliates beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock. For purposes of this Section(IV)(D)(9), beneficial ownership shall be
determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Regulation 13D-G thereunder. The restriction contained in this Section (IV)(D)(9) shall not in any event apply to the mandatory conversion provisions contained in Section
(IV)(D)(4)(a)(i)of this Agreement and may not be altered, amended, deleted or changed in any manner whatsoever unless the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock and either Capital Ventures International with respect to its
shares or RGC International Investors, LDC with respect to its shares shall approve, in writing, such alteration, amendment, deletion or change. 
  
 V. 
  
 For the management of the business and for the conduct of the affairs of the Corporation, and in further definition, limitation and regulation of the
powers of the Corporation, of its directors and of its stockholders or any class thereof, as the case may be, it is further provided that: 
  

 Page 14 of 17 

 A. The management of the business and the conduct of the affairs of the Corporation shall be
vested in its Board of Directors. The number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be fixed as provided in Section (IV)(D)(3)(c) of this Certificate of Incorporation. 
  
 1. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred
Stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the directors shall be divided into three classes designated as Class I, Class II and Class III, respectively. Directors shall be assigned to each Class in accordance with a
resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors. As of the first annual meeting of stockholders following the date upon which this Certificate of Incorporation was filed, the term of office of the Class III directors shall expire and
Class III directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. As of the second annual meeting of stockholders following the date upon which this Certificate of Incorporation was filed, the term of office of the Class I directors shall expire
and Class I directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. As of the third annual meeting of stockholders following the date upon which this Certificate of Incorporation was filed, the term of office of the Class II directors shall
expire and Class II directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At each succeeding annual meeting of stockholders, directors shall be elected for a full term of three years to succeed the directors of the class whose terms expire at
such annual meeting. 
  
 Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions
of this section, each director shall serve until his successor is duly elected and qualified or until his death, resignation or removal. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any
incumbent director. 
  
 2. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS. Neither the Board of
Directors nor any individual director may be removed without cause. Subject to any limitation imposed by law, any individual director or directors may be removed with cause by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Corporation entitled
to vote at an election of directors. 
  
 3. VACANCIES. 
  
 (a) Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred
Stock, any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other causes and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors, shall, unless the Board of
Directors determines by resolution that any such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by the stockholders, except as otherwise provided by law, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office,
even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, and not by the stockholders. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was
created or occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been elected or qualified. The stockholders may elect a director at any time to fill any vacancy not filled by the directors, subject to Section (V)(A)(4)(b) hereof. 

 
 (b) If at any time of filling any vacancy or any newly created
directorship, the directors then in office shall constitute less than a majority of the whole board (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), the Delaware Court of Chancery may, upon application of stockholder or stockholders holding
at least ten percent (10%) of the total number of the shares at the time outstanding having the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to be held to fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships, or to replace the
directors chosen by the directions then in offices as aforesaid, which election shall be governed by Section 211 of DGCL. 
  
 B. BYLAW AMENDMENTS. Subject to paragraph (h) of Section 43 of the Bylaws, the Bylaws may be altered or amended or new Bylaws adopted by the affirmative vote of at
least sixty-six 
  

 Page 15 of 17 

 and two-thirds percent (662/3%) of the voting power of all the then-outstanding shares of the voting stock of the Corporation entitled to vote. The Board of Directors shall also have the power to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws
by a resolution adopted by a majority of the directors. 
  
 C.
The directors of the Corporation need not be elected by written ballot unless the Bylaws so provide. 
  
 D. No action shall be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation except at an Annual Meeting or special meeting of the stockholders called in
accordance with the Bylaws. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any action that may be taken or that is required by statute to be taken by the holders of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock at any annual or special meeting, may be taken without a
meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if taken in accordance with the procedures contained in the Bylaws. 
  
 E. Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of the
stockholders of the Corporation shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws of the Corporation. 
  
 VI. 
  
 A. No stockholder of this Corporation shall have, solely by reason of being a stockholder, any preemptive or preferential right or subscription right to any stock of this Corporation or to any obligations convertible into stock of
this Corporation, or to any warrant or option for the purchase thereof, except to the extent provided by resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors establishing a series of Preferred Stock or by written agreement with this Corporation.

  
 B. In any election for directors of the Corporation, a
holder of shares of any class or series of stock then entitled to vote has the right to vote in person or by proxy the number of shares of stock held thereby for as many persons as there are directors to be elected. No cumulative voting for
directors shall be permitted. 
  
 VII. 
  
 A. The liability of the directors for monetary damages shall be
eliminated to the fullest extent under applicable law. 
  
 B.
Any repeal or modification of this Article VII shall be prospective and shall not affect the rights under this Article VII in effect at the time of the alleged occurrence of any act or omission to act giving rise to liability or indemnification

  
 VIII. 
  
 A. The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or
repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner or hereafter prescribed by statute, except as provided in paragraph B. of this Article VIII, and all rights conferred upon the stockholders are granted subject to
this reservation. 
  
 B. Notwithstanding any other
provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation or any provision of law which might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders of any particular class or series of voting stock required by law,
this Certificate of Incorporation or any Preferred Stock Designation, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six 
  

 Page 16 of 17 

 and two-thirds percent (662/3%) of the voting power of all the then-outstanding shares of the voting stock, voting together as a single class, shall be required to alter, amend or repeal Articles V, VII and VIII of this
Certificate of Incorporation. 
  
 IX. 
  
 The name and mailing address of the Sole Incorporator is as follows:

  
 Peggy A. Pennington 
 Cooley Godward LLP 
 5200 Carillon Point 
 Kirkland, WA 98033-7356 
  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Certificate has been subscribed this 20th day of July, 2001 by the undersigned who affirms that the statements made herein are true and correct. 
  
 INTERNAP NETWORK
SERVICES CORPORATION 
  
 By: /s/ Peggy A.
Pennington                                 
  
         Peggy A.
Pennington, Sole Incorporator 
  

 Page 17 of 17Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant

 Exhibit 4.2 
  

INTERNAP NETWORK SERVICES CORPORATION 
  
 BYLAWS 
  
  
 Effective July 11, 2003 

 ARTICLE I 
  

Offices 
  
 Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the corporation in the State of Delaware shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New
Castle. 
  
 Section 2. Other Offices. The corporation shall
also have and maintain an office or principal place of business at such place as may be fixed by the Board of Directors, and may also have offices at such other places, both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from
time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require. 
  
 ARTICLE II 
  
 Corporate Seal 
  
 Section 3. Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall consist of a die
bearing the name of the corporation and the inscription, “Corporate Seal-Delaware.” Said seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise. 
  
 ARTICLE III 
  
 Stockholders’ Meetings 
  
 Section 4. Place Of Meetings. Meetings of the stockholders of the
corporation shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, or, if not so designated, then at the office of the corporation required to be maintained
pursuant to Section 2 hereof. 
  
 Section 5. Annual Meetings.

  
 (a) The annual meeting of the stockholders of the
corporation, for the purpose of election of directors and for such other business as may lawfully come before it, shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. Nominations of persons
for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders: (i) pursuant to the corporation’s notice of meeting of stockholders;
(ii) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors; or (iii) by any stockholder of the corporation who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in the following paragraph, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and
who complied with the notice procedures set forth in Section 5. 
  
 (b) At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a
stockholder pursuant to clause (c) of Section 5(a) of these Bylaws, (i) the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the corporation, (ii) such other business must be a proper matter for stockholder action
under the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), (iii) if the stockholder, or the beneficial owner on whose behalf any such proposal or nomination is made, has provided the corporation with a Solicitation Notice (as defined in this
Section 5(b)), such stockholder or beneficial owner must, in the case of a proposal, have delivered a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the corporation’s voting shares required under applicable law to
carry any such proposal, or, in the case of a nomination or nominations, have delivered a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of a percentage of the corporation’s voting shares reasonably believed by such stockholder or beneficial
owner to be sufficient to elect the nominee or nominees proposed to be nominated by such stockholder, and must, in either case, have included in such materials the Solicitation Notice, and (iv) if no Solicitation Notice relating thereto has been
timely provided pursuant to this section, the stockholder or beneficial owner proposing such business or nomination must not have solicited a number of proxies sufficient to have required the delivery of such a Solicitation Notice under this Section
5. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day nor 

 earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is
advanced more than thirty (30) days prior to or delayed by more than thirty (30) days after the anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the close of
business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of
business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. In no event shall the public
announcement of an adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth: (A) as to each person whom the stockholder proposed to
nominate for election or reelection as a director all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant
to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and Rule 14a-11 thereunder (including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a
director if elected); (B) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and
any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made; and (C) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or
proposal is made (i) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the corporation’s books, and of such beneficial owner, (ii) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by such
stockholder and such beneficial owner, and (iii) whether either such stockholder or beneficial owner intends to deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of, in the case of the proposal, at least the percentage of the corporation’s
voting shares required under applicable law to carry the proposal or, in the case of a nomination or nominations, a sufficient number of holders of the corporation’s voting shares to elect such nominee or nominees (an affirmative statement of
such intent, a “Solicitation Notice”). 
  
 (c)
Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of Section 5(b) of these Bylaws to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation is increased and there is no public announcement
naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors made by the corporation at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a
stockholder’s notice required by this Section 5 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of
the corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public
announcement is first made by the corporation. 
  
 (d) Only
such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 5 shall be eligible to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting
in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 5. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting
was made, or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with these Bylaws, to declare that such defective proposal or nomination shall
not be presented for stockholder action at the meeting and shall be disregarded. 
  
 (e) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5, in order to include information with respect to a stockholder proposal in the proxy statement and form of proxy for a stockholders’ meeting,
stockholders must provide notice as required by the regulations promulgated under the 1934 Act. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the corporation proxy statement
pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the 1934 Act. 
  
 (f) For
purposes of this Section 5, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the corporation with
the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the 1934 Act. 

 Section 6. Special Meetings. 
  
 (a) Special meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be called, for any purpose or purposes, by (i) the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, (ii) the Chief Executive Officer, or (iii) the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors (whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized
directorships at the time any such resolution is presented to the Board of Directors for adoption). 
  
 (b) If a special meeting is properly called by any person or persons other than the Board of Directors, the request shall be in writing, specifying
the general nature of the business proposed to be transacted, and shall be delivered personally or sent by registered mail or by telegraphic or other facsimile transmission to the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or
the Secretary of the corporation. No business may be transacted at such special meeting otherwise than specified in such notice. The Board of Directors shall determine the time and place of such special meeting, which shall be held not less than
thirty-five (35) nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days after the date of the receipt of the request. Upon determination of the time and place of the meeting, the officer receiving the request shall cause notice to be given to the stockholders
entitled to vote, in accordance with the provisions of Section 7 of these Bylaws. If the notice is not given within one hundred (100) days after the receipt of the request, the person or persons properly requesting the meeting may set the time and
place of the meeting and give the notice. Nothing contained in this paragraph (b) shall be construed as limiting, fixing or affecting the time when a meeting of stockholders called by action of the Board of Directors may be held. 
  
 (c) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may
be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the corporation’s notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) by any stockholder of the corporation who is a
stockholder of record at the time of giving notice provided for in these Bylaws who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 6(c). In the event the corporation calls a special
meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one (1) or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be), for election to such position(s) as specified in the
corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice required by Section 5(b) of these Bylaws shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not earlier than the close of business on the
one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the
later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to
be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. 
  
 Section 7. Notice Of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided by law or
the Certificate of Incorporation, written notice of each meeting of stockholders shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, such notice to
specify the place, date and hour and purpose or purposes of the meeting. Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting of stockholders may be waived in writing, signed by the person entitled to notice thereof, either before or after such
meeting, and will be waived by any stockholder by his attendance thereat in person or by proxy, except when the stockholder attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business
because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such meeting in all respects as if due notice thereof had been given. 
  
 Section 8. Quorum. At all meetings of stockholders, except where
otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, or by these Bylaws, the presence, in person or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum
for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum, any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned, from time to time, either by the chairman of the meeting or by vote of the holders of a majority of the shares represented thereat, but no
other business shall be transacted at such meeting. The stockholders present at a duly called or convened meeting, at which a quorum is present, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough
stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Except as otherwise provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, in all matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative vote of the majority of shares present in

  
 person or represented by proxy at the
meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders. Except as otherwise provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares
present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors. Where a separate vote by a class or classes or series is required, except where otherwise provided by the statute or by the Certificate of
Incorporation or these Bylaws, a majority of the outstanding shares of such class or classes or series, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to that vote on that matter and, except
where otherwise provided by the statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the affirmative vote of the majority (plurality, in the case of the election of directors) of the votes cast by the holders of shares of such class or
classes or series shall be the act of such class or classes or series. 
  
 Section 9. Adjournment And Notice Of Adjourned Meetings. Any meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, may be adjourned from time to time either by the chairman of the meeting or by the vote of a majority of the shares
casting votes. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the
corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the
adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. 
  
 Section 10. Voting Rights. For the purpose of determining those stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of the stockholders, except as
otherwise provided by law, only persons in whose names shares stand on the stock records of the corporation on the record date, as provided in Section 12 of these Bylaws, shall be entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders. Every person
entitled to vote shall have the right to do so either in person or by an agent or agents authorized by a proxy granted in accordance with Delaware law. An agent so appointed need not be a stockholder. No proxy shall be voted after three (3) years
from its date of creation unless the proxy provides for a longer period. 
  
 Section 11. Joint Owners Of Stock. If shares or other securities having voting power stand of record in the names of two (2) or more persons, whether fiduciaries, members of a partnership, joint tenants,
tenants in common, tenants by the entirety, or otherwise, or if two (2) or more persons have the same fiduciary relationship respecting the same shares, unless the Secretary is given written notice to the contrary and is furnished with a copy of the
instrument or order appointing them or creating the relationship wherein it is so provided, their acts with respect to voting shall have the following effect: (a) if only one (1) votes, his act binds all; (b) if more than one (1) votes, the act of
the majority so voting binds all; (c) if more than one (1) votes, but the vote is evenly split on any particular matter, each faction may vote the securities in question proportionally, or may apply to the Delaware Court of Chancery for relief as
provided in the DGCL, Section 217(b). If the instrument filed with the Secretary shows that any such tenancy is held in unequal interests, a majority or even-split for the purpose of subsection (c) shall be a majority or even-split in interest.

  
 Section 12. List Of Stockholders. The Secretary shall
prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares
registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at
a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of
meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. 
  
 Section 13. Action Without Meeting. 
  
 (a) Common Stockholders. No action shall be taken by the common stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of stockholders called in accordance with these Bylaws, and no action shall be taken by the
common stockholders by written consent. 
  
 (b) Series A
Preferred Stockholders. 

 (i) Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any action that
may be taken or that is required by statute to be taken by the holders of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock (each a “Series A Holder,” and collectively, the “Series A Holders”) at any annual or special meeting, may be
taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, or by electronic transmission setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding Series A Preferred Stock having not less than
the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. 
  
 (ii) Every written consent or electronic transmission shall bear the date of signature of each Series
A Holder who signs the consent, and no written consent or electronic transmission shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within sixty (60) days of the earliest dated consent delivered to the corporation in the
manner herein required, written consents or electronic transmissions signed by a sufficient number of Series A Holders to take action are delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place
of business or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to a corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered
mail, return receipt requested. 
  
 (iii)
Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those Series A Holders who have not consented in writing or by electronic transmission and who, if the action had been
taken at a meeting, would have been entitled to notice of the meeting if the record date for such meeting had been the date that written consents signed by a sufficient number of Series A Holders to take action were delivered to the corporation as
provided in Section 228(c) of the DGCL. If the action which is consented to is such as would have required the filing of a certificate under any section of the DGCL if such action had been voted on by Series A Holders at a meeting thereof, then the
certificate filed under such section shall state, in lieu of any statement required by such section concerning any vote of the Series A Holders, that written consent has been given in accordance with Section 228 of the DGCL. 
  
 A telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission consenting to an
action to be taken and transmitted by a Series A Holder or proxyholder, shall be deemed to be written, signed and dated for the purposes of this section, provided that any such telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission sets forth or is
delivered with information from which the corporation can determine (1) that the telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission was transmitted by the Series A Holder or proxyholder or by a person or persons authorized to act for the Series A
Holder and (2) the date on which such Series A Holder or proxyholder or authorized person or persons transmitted such telegram, cablegram or electronic transmission. The date on which such telegram, cablegram or electronic transmission is
transmitted shall be deemed to be the date on which such consent was signed. No consent given by telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been delivered until such consent is reproduced in paper form and until
such paper form shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the state of Delaware, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of
meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to a corporation’s registered office shall be made by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Notwithstanding the foregoing limitations on delivery, consents given
by telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission may be otherwise delivered to the principal place of business of the corporation or to an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of
stockholders are recorded if, to the extent and in the manner provided by resolution of the board of directors of the corporation. Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the
original writing for any and all purposes for which the original writing could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing. 
  
         Section 14. Organization. 

 

 (a) At every meeting of stockholders, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or, if a Chairman
has not been appointed or is absent, the President, or, if the President is absent, a chairman of the meeting chosen by a majority in interest of the stockholders entitled to vote, present in person or by proxy, shall act as chairman. The Secretary,
or, in his absence, an Assistant Secretary directed to do so by the President, shall act as secretary of the meeting. 
  
 (b) The Board of Directors of the corporation shall be entitled to make such rules or regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it
shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules and regulations of the Board of Directors, if any, the chairman of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do
all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, establishing an agenda or order of business for the meeting, rules and procedures for
maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present, limitations on participation in such meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation and their duly authorized and constituted proxies and such other persons as the chairman
shall permit, restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof, limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants and regulation of the opening and closing of the polls for balloting on
matters which are to be voted on by ballot. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with rules of parliamentary procedure.

  
 ARTICLE IV 
  
 DIRECTORS 
  
 Section 15. Number And Term Of Office. The authorized number of
directors of the corporation shall be not less than five (5) nor more than nine (9), the specific number to be set by resolution of the Board of Directors. Directors need not be stockholders unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation. If
for any cause, the directors shall not have been elected at an annual meeting, they may be elected as soon thereafter as convenient at a special meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose in the manner provided in these Bylaws. 

 
 Section 16. Powers. The powers of the corporation shall be
exercised, its business conducted and its property controlled by the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation. 
  
 Section 17. Classes of Directors. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect
additional directors under specified circumstances, the directors shall be divided into three classes designated as Class I, Class II and Class III, respectively. Directors shall be assigned to each class in accordance with a resolution or
resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors. At the first annual meeting of stockholders following the adoption and filing of the Certificate of Incorporation providing for a classified Board of Directors, the term of office of the Class III
directors shall expire and Class III directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At the second annual meeting of stockholders following the adoption and filing of the Certificate of Incorporation providing for a classified Board of
Directors, the term of office of the Class I directors shall expire and Class I directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At the third annual meeting of stockholders following the adoption and filing of the Certificate of
Incorporation providing for a classified Board of Directors, the term of office of the Class II directors shall expire and Class II directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At each succeeding annual meeting of stockholders,
directors shall be elected for a full term of three years to succeed the directors of the class whose terms expire at such annual meeting. 
  
 Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, each director shall serve until his successor is duly elected and qualified or until his death,
resignation or removal. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director 
  
         Section 18. Vacancies. 
  
 (a) Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation,
disqualification, removal or other causes and any newly created 
  

 directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors shall, unless the Board of Directors determines by
resolution that any such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by stockholders, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. Any
director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been elected and
qualified. A vacancy in the Board of Directors shall be deemed to exist under this Section 18 in the case of the death, removal or resignation of any director. 
  

(b) If at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created directorship, the directors then in office shall constitute less than a majority
of the whole board (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), the Delaware Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders holding at least ten percent (10%) of the total number of the shares at the time
outstanding having the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to be held to fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships, or to replace the directors chosen by the directors then in offices as aforesaid, which
election shall be governed by Section 211 of the DGCL. 
  
 Section 19. Resignation. Any director may resign at any time by delivering his written resignation to the Secretary, such resignation to specify whether it will be effective at a particular time, upon receipt by the Secretary or at
the pleasure of the Board of Directors. If no such specification is made, it shall be deemed effective at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. When one (1) or more directors shall resign from the Board of Directors, effective at a future date, a
majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each Director so
chosen shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the Director whose place shall be vacated and until his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified. 
  
 Section 20. Removal. 
  
 (a) Neither the Board of Directors nor any individual director may be removed without cause. 
  
 (b) Subject to any limitation imposed by law, any individual director
or directors may be removed with cause by the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the corporation entitled to vote at an election of directors. 
  
 Section 21. Meetings. 
  
 (a) Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately before or after the annual meeting of
stockholders and at the place where such meeting is held. No notice of an annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be necessary and such meeting shall be held for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other business as may
lawfully come before it. 
  
 (b) Regular Meetings.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time or date and at any place within or without the State of Delaware which has been designated by the Board of Directors
and publicized among all directors. No formal notice shall be required for regular meetings of the Board of Directors. 
  
 (c) Special Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, special meetings of the Board of Directors or any
committee designated by the Board may be held at any time and place within or without the State of Delaware whenever called by the Chairman of the Board, the President or any director. 
  
 (d) Telephone Meetings. Any member of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may participate in
a meeting by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such
meeting. 
  
 (e) Notice of Meetings. Notice of the
time and place of all meetings of the Board of Directors shall be orally or in writing, by telephone, including a voice messaging system or other system or technology designed to record and communicate messages, facsimile, telegraph or telex, or by
electronic mail or other electronic means, during normal business hours, at least twenty-four (24) hours before the date and time of the meeting, or sent in writing to each director by first class mail, charges prepaid, at least 
  

 three (3) days before the date of the meeting. Notice of any meeting may be waived in writing at any time before or after
the meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat, except when the director attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not
lawfully called or convened. 
  
 (f) Waiver of
Notice. The transaction of all business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, however called or noticed, or wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a
quorum be present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present shall sign a written waiver of notice. All such waivers shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.

  
 Section 22. Quorum And Voting. 
  
 (a) Unless the Certificate of Incorporation requires a greater number
and except with respect to indemnification questions arising under Section 43 hereof, for which a quorum shall be one-third (1/3) of the exact number of directors fixed from time to time in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation, a quorum of the Board of Directors shall consist of a majority of the exact number of directors fixed from time to time
by the Board of Directors in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation; provided, however, at any meeting whether a quorum be present or otherwise, a majority of the directors present may adjourn from time to time until the time fixed
for the next regular meeting of the Board of Directors, without notice other than by announcement at the meeting. 
  
 (b) At each meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present, all questions and business shall be determined by the affirmative vote
of a majority of the directors present, unless a different vote be required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. 
  
 Section 23. Action Without Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or
permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and such writing or
writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. 
  
 Section 24. Fees And Compensation. Directors shall be entitled to such compensation for their services as may be approved by the Board of Directors, including, if so approved, by resolution of the Board of
Directors, a fixed sum and expenses of attendance, if any, for attendance at each regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors and at any meeting of a committee of the Board of Directors. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to
preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity as an officer, agent, employee, or otherwise and receiving compensation therefor. 
  
 Section 25. Committees. 
  
 (a) Executive Committee. The Board of Directors may appoint an Executive Committee to consist of one (1) or more members of the Board of
Directors. The Executive Committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and
affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to (i) approving or adopting, or recommending to the
stockholders, any action or matter expressly required by the DGCL to be submitted to stockholders for approval, or (ii) adopting, amending or repealing any bylaw of the corporation. 
  
 (b) Other Committees. The Board of Directors may, from time to time, appoint such other committees as may be
permitted by law. Such other committees appointed by the Board of Directors shall consist of one (1) or more members of the Board of Directors and shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the resolution or resolutions
creating such committees, but in no event shall any such committee have the powers denied to the Executive Committee in these Bylaws. 
  
 (c) Term. Each member of a committee of the Board of Directors shall serve a term on the committee coexistent with such member’s term
on the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors, subject to any requirements of any outstanding series of preferred Stock and the provisions of subsections (a) or (b) of this Bylaw, may at any time increase or decrease the number of members of a
committee or terminate the existence of a committee. The membership of a committee member shall terminate on the date of his death or voluntary resignation from the committee or from the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors 
  

 may at any time for any reason remove any individual committee member and the Board of Directors may fill any committee
vacancy created by death, resignation, removal or increase in the number of members of the committee. The Board of Directors may designate one (1) or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified
member at any meeting of the committee, and, in addition, in the absence or disqualification of any member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a
quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. 
  
 (d) Meetings. Unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide, regular meetings of the Executive Committee or any other committee
appointed pursuant to this Section 25 shall be held at such times and places as are determined by the Board of Directors, or by any such committee, and when notice thereof has been given to each member of such committee, no further notice of such
regular meetings need be given thereafter. Special meetings of any such committee may be held at any place which has been determined from time to time by such committee, and may be called by any director who is a member of such committee, upon
written notice to the members of such committee of the time and place of such special meeting given in the manner provided for the giving of written notice to members of the Board of Directors of the time and place of special meetings of the Board
of Directors. Notice of any special meeting of any committee may be waived in writing at any time before or after the meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat, except when the director attends such special meeting for the
express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. A majority of the authorized number of members of any such committee shall constitute a quorum
for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of those present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of such committee. 
  
 Section 26. Organization. At every meeting of the directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or, if a Chairman has not been appointed or is
absent, the President (if a director), or if the President is absent, the most senior Vice President (if a director), or, in the absence of any such person, a chairman of the meeting chosen by a majority of the directors present, shall preside over
the meeting. The Secretary, or in his absence, any Assistant Secretary directed to do so by the President, shall act as secretary of the meeting. 
  
 ARTICLE V 
  
 Officers 
  
 Section 27. Officers Designated. The officers of the corporation shall include, if and when designated by the Board of Directors, a Chief Executive Officer, a President, one or more Vice Presidents (the number thereof to be
determined by the Board of Directors), a Secretary, a Chief Financial Officer and a Treasurer, each of whom shall be elected by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may also appoint one (1) or more Assistant Secretaries, Assistant
Treasurers, Assistant Controllers and such other officers and agents with such powers and duties as it shall deem necessary. The Board of Directors may assign such additional titles to one (1) or more of the officers as it shall deem appropriate.
Any one (1) person may hold any number of offices of the corporation at any one time unless specifically prohibited therefrom by law. The salaries and other compensation of the officers of the corporation shall be fixed by or in the manner
designated by the Board of Directors. 
  
 Section 28. Tenure
And Duties Of Officers. 
  
 (a) General. All
officers shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and until their successors shall have been duly elected and qualified, unless sooner removed. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time
by the Board of Directors. If the office of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by the Board of Directors. 
  
 (b) Duties of Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and, subject to
the direction and control of the Board, shall supervise and control all of the assets, business, and affairs of the corporation. The Chief Executive Officer shall vote the shares owned by the corporation in other corporations, domestic or foreign,
unless otherwise prescribed by resolution of the Board. In general, the Chief Executive Officer shall perform all duties incident to the 
  

 office of Chief Executive Officer and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board from time to time. 

 
 The Chief Executive Officer shall, unless a Chairperson of the Board of
Directors has been appointed and is present, preside at all meetings of the shareholders and the Board of Directors. 
  
 (c) Duties of President. The President shall report to the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence of the Chief Executive Officer or his
inability to act, the President, if any, shall perform all the duties of the Chief Executive Officer and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the Chief Executive Officer; provided that no such
President shall assume the authority to preside as Chairperson of meetings of the Board unless such President is a member of the Board. In general, the President shall perform all duties incident to the office of President and such other duties as
may be prescribed by the Board from time to time. 
  
 (d) Duties of Vice Presidents. In the absence of the President or his inability to act, the Vice Presidents, if any, in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of Directors or, if not ranked a Vice President designated by
the Board shall perform all the duties of the President and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the President; provided that no such Vice President shall assume the authority to preside as
Chairperson of meetings of the Board unless such Vice President is a member of the Board. The Vice Presidents shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time to time may be respectively prescribed for them by the Board, these
Bylaws or the President. 
  
 (e) Duties of
Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors and shall record all acts and proceedings thereof in the minute book of the Corporation. The Secretary shall give notice in conformity with
these Bylaws of all meetings of the shareholders and of all meetings of the Board of Directors and any committee thereof requiring notice. The Secretary shall perform all other duties given him in these Bylaws and other duties commonly incident to
his office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers, as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time. The President may direct any Assistant Secretary to assume and perform the duties of the Secretary in the
absence or disability of the Secretary, and each Assistant Secretary shall perform other duties commonly incident to his office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall
designate from time to time. 
  
 (f) Duties of Chief
Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall keep or cause to be kept the books of account of the Corporation in a thorough and proper manner and shall render statements of the financial affairs of the Corporation in such form and as
often as required by the Board of Directors or the President. The Chief Financial Officer, subject to the order of the Board of Directors, shall have the custody of all funds and securities of the Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall
perform other duties commonly incident to his office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to time. The President may direct the Treasurer or any
Assistant Treasurer, or the Controller or any Assistant Controller to assume and perform the duties of the Chief Financial Officer in the absence or disability of the Chief Financial Officer, and each Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer and each
Controller and Assistant Controller shall perform other duties commonly incident to his office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to time.

  
 (g) Duties of Treasurer. Subject to the
direction and control of the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall have charge and custody of and be responsible for all funds and securities of the Corporation; and, at the expiration of his term of office, he shall turn over to his successor all
property of the Corporation in his possession. 
  
 Section 29.
Delegation Of Authority. The Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officer or agent, notwithstanding any provision hereof. 
  
 Section 30. Resignations. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of Directors or to
the President or to the Secretary. Any such resignation shall be effective when received by the person or persons to whom such notice is given, unless a later time is specified therein, in which event the resignation shall become effective at such
later time. Unless otherwise specified in such notice, the acceptance of any such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation 
  

 shall be without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract with the resigning officer.

  
 Section 31. Removal. Any officer may be removed from
office at any time, either with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors in office at the time, or by the unanimous written consent of the directors in office at the time, or by any committee or superior officers upon
whom such power of removal may have been conferred by the Board of Directors. 
  
 ARTICLE VI 
  
 EXECUTION
OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS AND VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY 
 THE CORPORATION 
  
 Section 32. Execution Of Corporate Instruments. The Board of Directors
may, in its discretion, determine the method and designate the signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to execute on behalf of the corporation any corporate instrument or document, or to sign on behalf of the corporation the
corporate name without limitation, or to enter into contracts on behalf of the corporation, except where otherwise provided by law or these Bylaws, and such execution or signature shall be binding upon the corporation. 
  
 All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other depositaries on funds to the
credit of the corporation or in special accounts of the corporation shall be signed by such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize so to do. 
  
 Unless authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or within the agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or
employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount. 
  
 Section 33. Voting Of Securities Owned By The Corporation. All stock and other securities of other corporations owned
or held by the corporation for itself, or for other parties in any capacity, shall be voted, and all proxies with respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors, or, in the absence of
such authorization, by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President. 
  
 ARTICLE VII 
  
 SHARES OF STOCK 
  
 Section 34. Form And Execution Of Certificates. Certificates for the shares of stock of the corporation shall be in such form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law. Every
holder of stock in the corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by or in the name of the corporation by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President and by the
Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or Assistant Secretary, certifying the number of shares owned by him in the corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent or
registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if he were such
officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue. Each certificate shall state upon the face or back thereof, in full or in summary, all of the powers, designations, preferences, and rights, and the limitations or restrictions of the
shares authorized to be issued or shall, except as otherwise required by law, set forth on the face or back a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and
relative, participating, optional, or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of
uncertificated stock, the corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a written notice containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates pursuant to this section or otherwise required by law or with respect to
this section a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights of each class of 
  

 stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Except as
otherwise expressly provided by law, the rights and obligations of the holders of certificates representing stock of the same class and series shall be identical. 
  
 Section 35. Lost Certificates. A new certificate or certificates shall be issued in place of any certificate or
certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. The corporation may
require, as a condition precedent to the issuance of a new certificate or certificates, the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to agree to indemnify the corporation in such manner as it
shall require or to give the corporation a surety bond in such form and amount as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

  
 Section 36. Transfers. 
  
 (a) Transfers of record of shares of stock of the corporation shall
be made only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by attorney duly authorized, and upon the surrender of a properly endorsed certificate or certificates for a like number of shares. 
  
 (b) The corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any
agreement with any number of stockholders of any one (1) or more classes of stock of the corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation of any one (1) or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not
prohibited by the DGCL. 
  
 Section 37. Fixing Record Dates.

  
 (a) In order that the corporation may determine
the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the
record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall, subject to applicable law, not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors,
the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business
on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the
Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting. 
  
 (b) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any
change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is
adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board
of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. 
  
 Section 38. Registered Stockholders. The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not be
bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware. 
  
 ARTICLE VIII 
  
 OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION 
  
 Section 39. Execution Of Other Securities. All bonds, debentures and
other corporate securities of the corporation, other than stock certificates (covered in Section 34), may be signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President, or such other person as
may be authorized by the Board of Directors, and the corporate seal impressed thereon or a 
  

 facsimile of such seal imprinted thereon and attested by the signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or the
Chief Financial Officer or Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer; provided, however, that where any such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be authenticated by the manual signature, or where permissible facsimile signature, of a
trustee under an indenture pursuant to which such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be issued, the signatures of the persons signing and attesting the corporate seal on such bond, debenture or other corporate security may be the
imprinted facsimile of the signatures of such persons. Interest coupons appertaining to any such bond, debenture or other corporate security, authenticated by a trustee as aforesaid, shall be signed by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer of the
corporation or such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors, or bear imprinted thereon the facsimile signature of such person. In case any officer who shall have signed or attested any bond, debenture or other corporate security,
or whose facsimile signature shall appear thereon or on any such interest coupon, shall have ceased to be such officer before the bond, debenture or other corporate security so signed or attested shall have been delivered, such bond, debenture or
other corporate security nevertheless may be adopted by the corporation and issued and delivered as though the person who signed the same or whose facsimile signature shall have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer of the corporation.

  
 ARTICLE IX 
  
 DIVIDENDS 
  
 Section 40. Declaration Of Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock
of the corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors pursuant to law at any regular or special meeting. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or
in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law. 
  
 Section 41. Dividend Reserve. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends
such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or
for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interests of the corporation, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created. 
  
 ARTICLE X 
  
 Fiscal Year 
  
 Section 42. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be
fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors. 
  
 ARTICLE XI

  
 Indemnification 
  
 Section 43. Indemnification Of Directors, Executive Officers, Other
Officers, Employees And Other Agents. 
  
 (a)
Directors and Officers. The corporation shall indemnify its directors and officers to the fullest extent not prohibited by the DGCL or any other applicable law; provided, however, that the corporation may modify the extent of such
indemnification by individual contracts with its directors and officers; and, provided, further, that the corporation shall not be required to indemnify any director or officer in connection with any proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by
such person unless (i) such indemnification is expressly required to be made by law, (ii) the proceeding was authorized by the Board of Directors of the corporation, (iii) such indemnification is provided by the corporation, in its sole discretion,
pursuant to the powers vested in the corporation under the DGCL or any other applicable law or (iv) such indemnification is required to be made under subsection (d). 
  

 (b) Employees and Other Agents. The corporation shall have power to indemnify its employees
and other agents as set forth in the DGCL or any other applicable law. The Board of Directors shall have the power to delegate the determination of whether indemnification shall be given to any such person or other persons as the Board of Directors
shall determine. 
  
 (c) Expenses. The corporation
shall advance to any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or
was a director or officer, of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director or executive officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, prior to the final disposition of
the proceeding, promptly following request therefor, all expenses incurred by any director or officer in connection with such proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay said amounts if it should be determined
ultimately that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section 43 or otherwise. 
  
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise determined pursuant to paragraph (e) of this Section 43, no advance shall be made by the corporation to an
officer of the corporation (except by reason of the fact that such officer is or was a director of the corporation in which event this paragraph shall not apply) in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative, if a determination is reasonably and promptly made (i) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the proceeding, or (ii) if such quorum is not obtainable, or, even if
obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, that the facts known to the decision-making party at the time such determination is made demonstrate clearly and convincingly that such
person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation. 
  
 (d) Enforcement. Without the necessity of entering into an express contract, all rights to indemnification and advances to directors and
officers under this Bylaw shall be deemed to be contractual rights and be effective to the same extent and as if provided for in a contract between the corporation and the director or officer. Any right to indemnification or advances granted by this
Section 43 to a director or officer shall be enforceable by or on behalf of the person holding such right in any court of competent jurisdiction if (i) the claim for indemnification or advances is denied, in whole or in part, or (ii) no disposition
of such claim is made within ninety (90) days of request therefor. The claimant in such enforcement action, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting his claim. In connection with any claim for
indemnification, the corporation shall be entitled to raise as a defense to any such action that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct that make it permissible under the DGCL or any other applicable law for the corporation to indemnify
the claimant for the amount claimed. In connection with any claim by an officer of the corporation (except in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such executive officer
is or was a director of the corporation) for advances, the corporation shall be entitled to raise a defense as to any such action clear and convincing evidence that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not believe to be
in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, or with respect to any criminal action or proceeding that such person acted without reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was lawful. Neither the failure of the corporation
(including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he has met the
applicable standard of conduct set forth in the DGCL or any other applicable law, nor an actual determination by the corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such
applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct. In any suit brought by a director or officer to enforce a right to indemnification or to an
advancement of expenses hereunder, the burden of proving that the director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article XI or otherwise shall be on the corporation. 
  
 (e) Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights conferred on any
person by this Bylaw shall not be exclusive of any other right which such person may have or hereafter acquire under any applicable statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested
directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while 
  

 holding office. The corporation is specifically authorized to enter into individual contracts with any or all of its
directors, officers, employees or agents respecting indemnification and advances, to the fullest extent not prohibited by the Delaware General Corporation Law, or by any other applicable law. 
  
 (f) Survival of Rights. The rights conferred on any person by
this Bylaw shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or other agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. 
  
 (g) Insurance. To the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL or
any other applicable law, the corporation, upon approval by the Board of Directors, may purchase insurance on behalf of any person required or permitted to be indemnified pursuant to this Section 43. 
  
 (h) Amendments. Any repeal or modification of this Section 43
shall only be prospective and shall not affect the rights under this Bylaw in effect at the time of the alleged occurrence of any action or omission to act that is the cause of any proceeding against any agent of the corporation. 
  
 (i) Saving Clause. If this Bylaw or any portion hereof shall be
invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each director and officer to the full extent not prohibited by any applicable portion of this Section 43 that shall not have been
invalidated, or by any other applicable law. If this Section 43 shall be invalid due to the application of the indemnification provisions of another jurisdiction, then the corporation shall indemnify each director and officer to the full extent
under any other applicable law. 
  
 (j) Certain
Definitions. For the purposes of this Bylaw, the following definitions shall apply: 
  
 (1) The term “proceeding” shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, the investigation,
preparation, prosecution, defense, settlement, arbitration and appeal of, and the giving of testimony in, any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative. 
  
 (2) The term “expenses” shall be broadly
construed and shall include, without limitation, court costs, attorneys’ fees, witness fees, fines, amounts paid in settlement or judgment and any other costs and expenses of any nature or kind incurred in connection with any proceeding.

  
 (3) The term the
“corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would
have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such
constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Section 43 with respect to the resulting
or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. 
  
 (4) References to a “director,” “executive officer,” “officer,” “employee,” or
“agent” of the corporation shall include, without limitation, situations where such person is serving at the request of the corporation as, respectively, a director, executive officer, officer, employee, trustee or agent of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise. 
  
 (5) References to “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit
plan; and references to “serving at the request of the corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee
or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan
shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the corporation” as referred to in this Section 43. 
  
  

 ARTICLE XII 
  
 NOTICES 
  
 Section 44. Notices. 
  
 (a) Notice To Stockholders. Whenever, under any provisions of these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any stockholder, it shall be
given in writing, timely and duly deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to his last known post office address as shown by the stock record of the corporation or its transfer agent. 
  
 (b) Notice To Directors. Any notice required to be given to any
director may be given by the method stated in subsection (a), or by overnight delivery service, facsimile, telex or telegram, except that such notice other than one which is delivered personally shall be sent to such address as such director shall
have filed in writing with the Secretary, or, in the absence of such filing, to the last known post office address of such director. 
  
 (c) Affidavit Of Mailing. An affidavit of mailing, executed by a duly authorized and competent employee of the corporation or its transfer
agent appointed with respect to the class of stock affected, specifying the name and address or the names and addresses of the stockholder or stockholders, or director or directors, to whom any such notice or notices was or were given, and the time
and method of giving the same, shall in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts therein contained. 
  
 (d) Time Notices Deemed Given. All notices given by mail or by overnight delivery service, as above provided, shall be deemed to have been
given as at the time of mailing, and all notices given by facsimile, telex or telegram shall be deemed to have been given as of the sending time recorded at time of transmission. 
  
 (e) Methods of Notice. It shall not be necessary that the same method of giving notice be employed in respect
of all directors, but one permissible method may be employed in respect of any one or more, and any other permissible method or methods may be employed in respect of any other or others. 
  
 (f) Failure To Receive Notice. The period or limitation of time within which any stockholder may exercise any
option or right, or enjoy any privilege or benefit, or be required to act, or within which any director may exercise any power or right, or enjoy any privilege, pursuant to any notice sent him in the manner above provided, shall not be affected or
extended in any manner by the failure of such stockholder or such director to receive such notice. 
  
 (g) Notice To Person With Whom Communication Is Unlawful. Whenever notice is required to be given, under any provision of law or of the
Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation, to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or agency
for a license or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly
given. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the DGCL, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice was given to all
persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful. 
  
 (h) Notice To Person With Undeliverable Address. Whenever notice is required to be given, under any provision of law or the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation, to any stockholder
to whom (i) notice of two consecutive annual meetings, and all notices of meetings or of the taking of action by written consent without a meeting to such person during the period between such two consecutive annual meetings, or (ii) all, and at
least two, payments (if sent by first class mail) of dividends or interest on securities during a twelve-month period, have been mailed addressed to such person at his address as shown on the records of the corporation and have been returned
undeliverable, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to such person shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. If any such
person shall deliver to the corporation a written notice setting forth his then current address, the requirement that notice be given to such person shall be reinstated. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to require the
filing of a certificate under any provision of the DGCL, the certificate need not state that notice was not given to persons to whom notice was not required to be given pursuant to this paragraph. 
  

 ARTICLE XIII 
  
 AMENDMENTS 
  
 Section 45. Amendments. Subject to paragraph (h) of Section 43 of the Bylaws, the Bylaws may be altered or amended or new Bylaws adopted by the
affirmative vote of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (662/3%) of the voting power of all of the
then-outstanding shares of the voting stock of the corporation entitled to vote. The Board of Directors shall also have the power to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws. 
  
 ARTICLE XIV 
  
 LOANS TO OFFICERS 
  
 Section 46. Loans To Officers. The corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise assist any officer or other employee
of the corporation or of its subsidiaries, including any officer or employee who is a Director of the corporation or its subsidiaries, whenever, in the judgment of the Board of Directors, such loan, guarantee or assistance may reasonably be expected
to benefit the corporation. The loan, guarantee or other assistance may be with or without interest and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the Board of Directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock
of the corporation. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at common law or under any statute.

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