Document:

EX-10.1

 Exhibit 10.1 

RADIAN GROUP INC. SHORT-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN 

FOR EMPLOYEES 
 I.
Purpose. The purpose of the Radian Group Inc. Short-Term Incentive Plan for Employees (the “Plan”) is to provide a means whereby Radian Group Inc. may provide incentive compensation to eligible employees. The Plan is
effective as of January 1, 2022 and shall apply to STI Awards calculated for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2022. The Plan supersedes all annual short-term incentive plans of Radian and its Affiliates for fiscal years
beginning on or after January 1, 2022. For the avoidance of doubt, the Plan does not modify any terms of an Executive Agreement. 
 II.
Definitions. Whenever used in this Plan, the following terms will have the respective meanings set forth below: 
 2.1
“Affiliate” means each entity partially or wholly owned or controlled by Radian. Only Affiliates specified by the Committee will be participating employers in the Plan. 

2.2 “Base Salary” means the regular annualized fixed rate of base compensation payable to an Employee by Radian or an Affiliate as of last day
of each fiscal year. Base Salary shall not include awards under this Plan, awards under any cash or equity plan, overtime or premium pay, or any other awards or payments. 

2.3 “Board” means the board of directors of Radian. 

2.4 “Cause” means any of the following conduct by a Participant, as determined in the sole discretion of the Chief Executive Officer of Radian
and the Chief Human Resources Officer of Radian: (a) indictment for, conviction of, or pleading nolo contendere to, a felony or a crime involving fraud, misrepresentation, or moral turpitude (excluding traffic offenses other than traffic
offenses involving the use of alcohol or illegal substances); (b) fraud, dishonesty, theft, or misappropriation of funds in connection with the Participant’s duties with Radian and its Affiliates; (c) material violation of
Radian’s Code of Conduct or employment policies, as in effect from time to time; (d) a breach of any written confidentiality, nonsolicitation or noncompetition covenant with Radian or an Affiliate; or (e) gross negligence or willful
misconduct in the performance of the Employee’s duties with Radian and its Affiliates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a Participant has an Executive Agreement, “Cause” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in the
Participant’s Executive Agreement. 
 2.5 “Committee” means (a) for determinations made with respect to Officers and for
determinations specifically reserved for the Compensation Committee, the Compensation Committee, and (b) for determinations made with respect to all Employees other than Officers, Management.

2.6 “Compensation Committee” means the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee of the Board. 

 

 2.7 “Disability” means a physical or mental impairment of sufficient severity that the
Participant is both eligible for and in receipt of benefits under the long-term disability program maintained by Radian. The date of Disability for purposes of the Plan is the date on which the Participant begins receiving such long-term disability
benefits. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a Participant has an Executive Agreement, “Disability” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in the Participant’s Executive Agreement. 

2.8 “Employee” means an employee of Radian or an Affiliate specified by the Committee who is not classified as a “temporary
employee,” but excluding any person who is classified by Radian or any Affiliate as a “contractor” or “consultant,” no matter how characterized by the Internal Revenue Service, other governmental agency or a court. Any
change of characterization of an individual by the Internal Revenue Service or any court or government agency shall have no effect upon the classification of an individual as an Employee for purposes of this Plan, unless the Committee determines
otherwise. 
 2.9 “Executive Agreement” means an executive employment agreement or executive severance agreement between the Participant and
Radian or an Affiliate (for purposes of clarity, “executive employment agreement” and “executive severance agreement” shall not be interpreted to include offer letters, notwithstanding any terms of employment or severance in such
letters). 
 2.10 “Good Reason” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Participant’s Executive Agreement, if any. The term
“Good Reason” shall only apply to Participants who have an Executive Agreement with a Good Reason provision. 
 2.11 “Incentive Award
Pool” means the total amount, based on performance, that is available to be allocated as STI Awards to Participants other than Officers, as determined by the Compensation Committee. 

2.12 “Management” means the Chief Executive Officer of Radian and members of the executive team as designated by the Chief Executive Officer
of Radian. 
 2.13 “Officer” means an officer of Radian as defined in the rules promulgated under Section 16 of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended. 
 2.14 “Participant” means an Employee who is designated as a participant in the Plan pursuant to Section III for
a Performance Period. 
 2.15 “Performance Goals” shall be established by the Compensation Committee based on one or more of the following
criteria, or derivations of such criteria or such other criteria as determined by the Compensation Committee: stock price, earnings per share, price-earnings multiples, stock price to book value multiple, net earnings, operating earnings, operating pre-tax earnings, revenue or revenue growth, productivity, margin, EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), net capital employed, return on assets, return on equity, return on
capital employed, growth in assets, unit volume, sales, cash flow, losses incurred, losses paid, loss ratio (including as may be measured and reported over a specified period), paid loss ratio, gains to losses on sales of assets or investments,
market share, market value added, capital management, margin growth, contribution margin, labor margin, EBITDA margin, stockholder return, operating profit or improvements in operating profit, improvements in asset or financial measures (including
working capital and the ratio of revenues to working capital), 

  
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credit quality, risk/credit characteristics (including FICO, debt to income, or loan to value), early default experience, expense management and expense ratios,
pre-tax earnings or variations of income criteria in varying time periods, economic value added, book value, book value per share, book value growth, or comparisons with other peer companies or industry groups
or classifications with regard to one or more of these criteria, or strategic business criteria consisting of one or more objectives based on meeting specified revenue goals, market penetration goals, customer growth, employee retention rates,
customer retention rates, customer attraction rates, geographic business expansion goals, cost targets or goals relating to acquisitions, divestitures, capital and liquidity management, portfolio and risk management, human capital management, ESG
(environmental, social and governance), diversity, equity and inclusion and any other criteria that any regulatory body (e.g., Securities and Exchange Commission, stock exchange) requires Radian to measure. The Performance Goals may relate to
one or more business units or the performance of Radian and its subsidiaries as a whole, or any combination of the foregoing. To the extent applicable and unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise, the determination of the achievement
of Performance Goals shall be determined based on the relevant financial measure, computed in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and in a manner consistent with the methods used in Radian’s audited financial
statements. 
 2.16 “Performance Period” means Radian’s fiscal year. 

2.17 “Plan” means this Radian Group Inc. Short-Term Incentive Plan for Employees, as in effect from time to time. 

2.18 “Radian” means Radian Group Inc. or any successor thereto. 

2.19 “Release” means a release of claims described in Section 5.2. 

2.20 “Retirement” unless determined by the Compensation Committtee, means a Participant’s separation from service following the
Participant’s (1) attainment of age 65 and completion of five years of service with Radian and its Affiliates, or (2) attainment of age 55 and completion of 10 years of service with Radian and its Affiliates, in either case other than
(a) by Radian or an Affiliate for Cause, or (b) on account of death or Disability. 
 2.21 “Section 409A” means
section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. 
 2.22 “STI Award” means the short-term incentive award payable to a
Participant as provided in Section 5.1(c). 
 2.23 “Target Incentive Award” means a target award amount established by the Committee
for each Participant for a Performance Period, which will be equal to a stated dollar amount or a specified percentage of the Participant’s Base Salary, as determined in the sole discretion of the Committee. 

2.24 “Target Incentive Award Pool” means the aggregate amount of all Target Incentive Award amounts established for all eligible
Participants other than Officers for a Performance Period. 

  
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 III. Eligibility; Participation; Newly Hired Employees; Transfers. 

3.1 The Committee will designate the Employees who will participate in the Plan for each Performance Period. Employees are eligible for
designation by the Committee if they (a) are employed by Radian or an Affiliate specified by the Committee, and (b) are not participating in any other short-term incentive plan sponsored by Radian or an Affiliate, unless otherwise
specifically designated by the Committee. The Committee has sole discretion to determine which Employees will participate in the Plan. 
 3.2
Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise determined by the Compensaiton Committee, Employees who are newly hired or who are promoted or transferred into a position eligible to participate in the Plan on or after October 1st of the Performance
Period shall not be eligible to participate in the Plan for such Performance Period. Employees who are newly hired or who are promoted or transferred into a position eligible to participate in the Plan before October 1st of the Performance Period
shall be eligible to receive a prorated award calculated based on the relative number of days spent in the eligible position during the Performance Period, as determined by the Committee. 

3.3 Employees who are transferred from one eligible position with a Target Incentive Award to another eligible position with a different Target
Incentive Award will be eligible to receive an STI Award calculated based on the relative number of days spent in each eligible position during the Performance Period, as determined by the Committee. 

IV. Performance Goals. The Compensation Committee will establish the applicable Performance Goals that Radian and/or specified
Affiliates will be measured against in order to determine whether, and to what extent, STI Awards are to be payable for the Performance Period. The Performance Goals will be established and the performance criteria will be communicated in writing to
eligible Participants; provided, however, specific targets may be excluded from communications to eligible Participants other than Officers as may be determined necessary and appropriate by Management. At the end of each Performance Period, the
Compensation Committee will determine whether, and to what extent, such Performance Goals have been met for that Performance Period. The Compensation Committee may adjust the performance results for extraordinary items or other events or
circumstances, as the Compensation Committee deems appropriate. 
 V. STI Award Program. 

5.1 STI Awards 
 (a)
Target Incentive Awards. At the beginning of each Performance Period, the Committee will establish a Target Incentive Award for each Participant. Unless the Committee establishes a new Target Incentive Award for a Participant for a
Performance Period, the Participant’s Target Incentive Award will be the same Target Incentive Award as in effect for the Participant for the immediately preceding Performance Period. The Target Incentive Award Pool will be equal to 100% of the
Target Incentive Award amounts for the eligible Participants other than Officers for the Performance Period. 

  
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 (b) Approval of STI Award Amounts. 

(1) Performance Goal Achievement. At the end of the Performance Period, the Compensation Committee will determine achievement of the
Performance Goals for the Performance Period. The Compensation Committee will determine how much, if any, of the Target Incentive Award Pool will be available for payment as STI Awards to Participants other than Officers based on Radian’s and
its Affiliates’ achievement of the Performance Goals for the Performance Period established pursuant to Section IV. The Incentive Award Pool may range from zero to 200% of the Target Incentive Award Pool. 

(2) Non-Officer STI-Awards. The Committee will allocate
the Incentive Award Pool among Participants other than Officers, in its sole discretion. The Committee will take into account such criteria as the Committee deems appropriate in allocating the Incentive Award Pool, which may include the
Participant’s performance rating, the Participant’s relative Target Incentive Award and other factors determined in the sole discretion of the Committee. A Participant’s STI Award may range from zero to 200% of the Participant’s
Target Incentive Award amount. The total amount of the STI Awards allocated to Participants other than Officers in a Performance Period will not exceed the Incentive Award Pool established under Section 5.1(b)(1) for the Performance Period
based on the performance of Radian and its Affiliates. 
 (3) Officer STI Awards. At the end of the Performance Period, the
Compensation Committee will determine the STI Award payable to each Officer based on (i) Radian’s achievement of the Performance Goals established for the applicable Performance Period, as described above, and (ii) such Officer’s
individual performance. The STI Awards for Officers, which for purposes of the clarity are not subject to the Incentive Award Pool, may range from zero to 200% of the Officer’s Target Incentive Award. 

(4) A Participant has no contractual right to an STI Award. The Committee has discretion to determine whether a Participant will receive an
STI Award and has discretion to determine the amount of the STI Award, if any. No STI Award is earned until the Committee has determined the amount payable and the Participant has met all of the conditions of the Plan. 

(c) Payment of STI Awards. Each STI Award amount will be paid in cash to the Participant in a single lump sum payment between
January 1 and March 15 following the end of the Performance Period for which the STI Award is determined. Except as provided in Sections 5.1 (d), (e) and (f), a Participant must have maintained employment with Radian or an Affiliate
through the date on which the STI Award is paid as a prerequisite to earning the STI Award for the Performance Period. If no STI Award amount is allocated to a Participant for a Performance Period, the Participant will not receive an STI Award. 

(d) Involuntary Termination. If, on or after the last day of the Performance Period for which an STI Award is determined but prior to
the payment date for the STI Award, a Participant’s employment is terminated by Radian and its Affiliates without Cause (or the Participant terminates employment for Good Reason, in the case of a Participant who has an Executive Agreement that
provides for termination on account of Good Reason), and in either case the Participant executes and does not revoke a Release, the Participant will receive his or her STI Award, as determined under Section 5.1(b), based on the achievement of
the Performance Goals and the Committee’s determination. The payable amount, if any, will be paid to the Participant at the same time as STI Awards are paid to other Participants for the Performance Period. 

  
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 (e) Retirement. A Participant who terminates employment with Radian and its
Affiliates on account of Retirement prior to the last day of the Performance Period shall not be entitled to receive an STI Award for that Performance Period. A Participant who terminates employment on account of Retirement on or after the last day
of the Performance Period and before the payment date for the STI Award will receive his or her STI Award, as determined under Section 5.1(b), based on the achievement of the Performance Goals and the Committee’s determination, provided
that the Participant executes and does not revoke a Release. The payable amount, if any, will be paid to the Participant at the same time as STI Awards are paid to other Participants for the Performance Period. 

(f) Death or Disability. If a Participant’s employment terminates on account of death, or a Participant incurs a Disability, before
the payment date for the STI Award, the Participant will be paid a pro rata portion of the Participant’s STI Award; provided that, in the case of Disability, payment is conditioned on the Participant executing and not revoking a Release. The
pro rata portion of the Participant’s STI Award that shall be paid pursuant to this Section 5.1(f), if any, shall be calculated by multiplying the amount of the Participant’s STI Award, as determined under Section 5.1(b), based
on the achievement of the Performance Goals and the Committee’s determination, by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days during the Performance Period that the Participant was employed by Radian or an Affiliate and the
denominator of which is the number of days in the Performance Period. The payable amount, if any, will be paid to the Participant, or the Participant’s personal representative in the case of death, at the same time as STI Awards are paid to
other Participants. 
 5.2 Release. Any payment of an STI Award after the Participant’s termination of employment (except for
termination of employment upon death) or on account of Disability shall be conditioned on the Participant executing and not revoking a written Release. The Release will be in a form provided by Radian and will release all claims against Radian, its
Affiliates and all related parties with respect to all matters arising out of Participant’s employment by Radian or an Affiliate, or the termination thereof (other than claims based upon any entitlements under the terms of this Plan or accrued
benefits under any plans or programs of Radian and its Affiliates). 
 VI. Administration. The Committee will have full power and
discretionary authority to interpret the Plan. Except as specifically provided otherwise herein, the Committee will have full power and discretionary authority to administer the Plan, to make all determinations, including all participation and award
determinations, and to prescribe, amend and rescind any rules, forms or procedures as the Committee deems necessary or appropriate for the proper administration of the Plan and to make any other determinations and take such other actions as the
Committee deems necessary or advisable in carrying out its duties under the Plan. Any action required of the Committee under the Plan will be made in the sole discretion of the Committee and not in a fiduciary capacity. All decisions and
determinations by the Committee will be final, conclusive and binding on Radian, its Affiliates, the Participants and any other persons having or claiming an interest hereunder. All STI Awards will be awarded conditional upon the
Participant’s acknowledgement, by participation in the Plan, that all decisions and determinations of the Committee will be final and binding on the Participant, his or her beneficiaries and any other person having or claiming an interest in
such STI Awards. 

  
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 VII. General Provisions. 

7.1 Transferability. No awards under this Plan may be transferred, assigned, pledged or encumbered by the Participant nor may any awards
under this Plan be subject to any claim of any creditor, and, in particular, to the fullest extent permitted by law, all such payments, benefits and rights will be free from attachment, garnishment, trustee’s process, or any other legal or
equitable process available to any creditor of such Participant. 
 7.2 Unfunded Arrangement. The Plan is an unfunded incentive
compensation arrangement. Nothing contained in the Plan, and no action taken pursuant to the Plan, will create or be construed to create a trust of any kind. Each Participant’s interest in an STI Award will be no greater than the right of an
unsecured general creditor of Radian. All STI Awards will be paid from the general funds of Radian, and no special or separate fund will be established and no segregation of assets will be made to assure payment of the STI Awards. 

7.3 Withholding Tax. All payments under this Plan shall be made subject to applicable tax withholding, and Radian or an Affiliate shall
withhold from any payments under this Plan all federal, state and local taxes as Radian or an Affiliate is required to withhold pursuant to any law or governmental rule or regulation. The Participant shall bear all expense of, and be solely
responsible for, all federal, state and local taxes due with respect to any payment received under this Plan. 
 7.4 No Rights to
Employment. Nothing in the Plan, and no action taken pursuant hereto, will give a Participant any right to continued employment. Each Participant’s employment continues to be at-will, which means that
Radian or an Affiliate can terminate the Participant’s employment at any time for cause or for no cause whatsoever. 
 7.5
Deferrals. Radian may allow selected Participants to defer part or all of their STI Awards under a deferred compensation plan, consistent with Section 409A. If a Participant elects to defer an STI Award pursuant to a deferred
compensation plan, the STI Award will be paid at the time and in the form determined under the deferred compensation plan, notwithstanding the payment terms of this Plan. 

7.6 Section 409A. The Plan is intended to comply with the short-term deferral rule set forth in the regulations under Section 409A
in order to avoid application of Section 409A to the Plan. If and to the extent that any payment under this Plan is deemed to be deferred compensation subject to the requirements of Section 409A, this Plan will be administered so that such
payments are made in accordance with the requirements of Section 409A, including the six-month delay required for “specified employees,” if applicable. In no event shall a Participant, directly
or indirectly, designate the calendar year of payment, except in accordance with Section 409A. If a payment is subject to Section 409A, is subject to execution of a Release, and could be made in more than one taxable year, based on timing
of the execution of the Release, payment shall be made in the later taxable year, as required under Section 409A. 

  
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 7.7 Termination and Amendment of the Plan. The Compensation Committee may amend or
terminate the Plan at any time. 
 7.8 Successors. The Plan will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of Radian, its successors
and assigns, and each Participant and his or her heirs, executors, administrators and legal representatives. 
 7.9 Radian Policies.
All STI Awards shall be subject to any applicable clawback or recoupment policies and other policies that may be implemented by the Board from time to time. 

7.10 Applicable Law.  
 (a)
The Plan shall be construed, administered and governed in all respects under and by the applicable laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, excluding any conflicts or choice of law rule or principle that might otherwise refer construction or
interpretation to the substantive law of another jurisdiction. 
 (b) As a condition of participating in the Plan, each Participant
irrevocably and unconditionally (1) agrees that any legal proceeding arising out of the Plan may be brought only in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, or if such court does not have jurisdiction or will
not accept jurisdiction, in any court of general jurisdiction in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, (2) consents to the sole and exclusive jurisdiction and venue of such court in any such proceeding, and (3) waives any objection to the laying
of venue of any such proceeding in any such court. The Participant also irrevocably and unconditionally consents to the service of any process, pleadings, notices, or other papers. 

(c) In addition, the Plan shall be subject to any required approvals by any governmental or regulatory agencies. STI Awards shall be subject to
any applicable clawback or recoupment policies and other policies that may be implemented by the Board from time to time in accordance with applicable law. Notwithstanding anything in the Plan to the contrary, the Plan, STI Awards shall be subject
to all applicable laws, including any laws, regulations, restrictions, or governmental guidance that becomes applicable in the event of Radian’s or an Affiliate’s participation in any governmental programs, and the Committee reserves the
right to modify the Plan as necessary to conform to any restrictions imposed by any such laws, regulations, restrictions, or governmental guidance or to conform to any applicable clawback or recoupment policies and other policies that may be
implemented by the Board from time to time. As a condition of participating in the Plan and accepting payment of any STI Award, all Participants agree to any such modifications that may be imposed by the Committee. 

  
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Exhibit 4.4

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following is a description of the capital stock of IES Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”). The Common Stock and Rights of the Company (each as defined below) are registered under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). This description does not describe every aspect of the Company’s capital stock and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the provisions of (i) the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended by the Certificate of Amendment thereto, and the Certificate of Designations of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, and (ii) the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws, each as currently in effect, each of which is incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, of the Company, as well as applicable provisions of Delaware law.

Authorized Capital Stock

The Company’s authorized capital stock consists of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share.

Common Stock

The holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share on all matters voted upon by stockholders, including the election of directors.  Our common stockholders are not entitled to vote cumulatively for the election of directors.  Holders of a majority of the shares of Common Stock entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all of the directors standing for election.

Subject to the rights of any then-outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of Common Stock are entitled to participate in dividends declared in the discretion of the Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor.  We have never paid cash dividends on our Common Stock, and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future.  Any future determination as to the payment of dividends will be made at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon our operating results, financial condition, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that the Board of Directors deems relevant.  We are also restricted under our revolving credit facility from paying cash dividends.

Holders of Common Stock are entitled to share ratably in the net assets of the Company upon liquidation after payment or provision for all liabilities and any preferential liquidation rights of any preferred stock then outstanding.  Holders of Common Stock have no preemptive rights to purchase shares of the Company’s stock.  Shares of Common Stock are not subject to any redemption provisions and are not convertible into any other securities of the Company.  All outstanding shares of Common Stock are fully paid and non-assessable.

The Common Stock is listed on the NASDAQ under the symbol “IESC.” 

Preferred Stock

The preferred stock may be issued from time to time by the Board of Directors as shares of one or more classes or series.  Subject to the provisions of our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and limitations prescribed by law, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt resolutions to issue the shares, to fix the number of shares and to change the number of shares constituting any series, and to provide for or change the voting powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights (including whether dividends are cumulative), dividend rates, terms of redemption (including sinking fund provisions), redemption prices, conversion rights and liquidation preferences of the shares constituting any class or series of the preferred stock, in each case without any further action or vote by the stockholders.

One of the effects of undesignated preferred stock may be to enable the Board of Directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of the Company by means of a tender offer, proxy contest, merger or otherwise, and thereby to protect the continuity of our management.  The issuance of shares of preferred stock pursuant to the Board of Directors’ authority described above may adversely affect the rights of the holders of 

Common Stock.  For example, preferred stock we issue may rank prior to the Common Stock as to dividend rights, liquidation preference or both, may have full or limited voting rights and may be convertible into shares of Common Stock.  Accordingly, the issuance of shares of preferred stock may discourage bids for the Common Stock at a premium or may otherwise adversely affect the market price of the Common Stock.

Statutory Business Combination Provision

We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.  Section 203 provides, with certain exceptions, that a Delaware corporation may not engage in any of a broad range of business combinations with a person or an affiliate, or associate of such person, who is an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years from the date that such person became an interested stockholder unless: (1) the transaction resulting in a person becoming an interested stockholder, or the business combination, is approved by the board of directors of the corporation before the person becomes an interested stockholder, (2) upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced (excluding shares owned by persons who are both officers and directors of the corporation, and shares held by certain employee stock ownership plans) or (3) on or after such time the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at a meeting of stockholders by at least two- thirds of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.  Under Section 203, an “interested stockholder” is defined as any person who is the owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation or an affiliate or associate of the corporation and who became the owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at any time within the three-year period immediately prior to the date on which it is sought to be determined whether such person is an interested stockholder.

A corporation may, at its option, exclude itself from the coverage of Section 203 by amending its certificate of incorporation or bylaws, by action of its stockholders, to exempt itself from coverage.  We have not adopted such an amendment to our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, or our Amended and Restated Bylaws.  As of September 30, 2021, Tontine was the controlling stockholder of our Common Stock.  However, as the transaction which resulted in Tontine becoming an “interested stockholder” was approved by the Board, Tontine is exempt from application of Section 203.

Limitation on Directors’ Liability

Pursuant to our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and Delaware law, our directors are not liable to the Company or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty, except for liability in connection with a breach of the duty of loyalty, for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, for dividend payments or stock repurchases illegal under Delaware law or any transaction in which a director has derived an improper personal benefit.  We have entered into indemnification agreements with certain of our directors and executive officers that indemnify those persons to the fullest extent permitted by our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, our Amended and Restated Bylaws and the Delaware General Corporation Law.  We also have obtained directors’ and officers’ liability insurance.  Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaw Provisions

Our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and Amended and Restated Bylaws include provisions that may have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company or an unsolicited acquisition proposal that a stockholder might consider favorable, including a proposal that might result in the payment of a premium over the market price for the shares held by stockholders.  These provisions are summarized in the following paragraphs.

Supermajority Voting.  Our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, requires the approval of the holders of at least 75% of the then-outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote thereon and the approval of the holders of at least 75% of the then-outstanding shares of each class of stock voting separately as a class on, among other things, certain amendments to our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended.  Our Board of Directors may amend, alter, change or repeal our Amended 
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and Restated Bylaws, or adopt new Bylaws by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors at any meeting and without the assent or vote of the stockholders.  The Amended and Restated Bylaws may also be altered, amended or repealed, or new Bylaws may be adopted, upon the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the shares of Common Stock entitled to vote thereon.

Authorized but Unissued or Undesignated Capital Stock.  Our authorized capital stock consists of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock.  The authorized but unissued (and in the case of preferred stock, undesignated) stock may be issued by the Board of Directors in one or more transactions.  In this regard, our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, grants our Board of Directors broad power to establish the rights and preferences of authorized and unissued preferred stock.  The issuance of shares of preferred stock pursuant to our Board of Directors’ authority described above could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of Common Stock and adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting rights, of such holders and may also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company.  Our Board of Directors does not currently intend to seek stockholder approval prior to any issuance of preferred stock, unless otherwise required by law.

Special Meeting of Stockholders.  Our Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that special meetings of our stockholders may only be called by (1) the Chairman of the Board of Directors upon the written request of the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution approved by a majority of the Board of Directors or (2) upon the receipt of the written request of the holders of at least 25% of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock.

Stockholder Action by Written Consent.  Our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and Amended and Restated Bylaws generally provide that any action required or permitted by our stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of the stockholders and may not be effected by any written consent of the stockholders.

Notice Procedures.  Our Amended and Restated Bylaws establish advance notice procedures with regard to stockholder proposals relating to the nomination of candidates for election as director and amendments to our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, or Amended and Restated Bylaws to be brought before annual meetings of our stockholders.  These procedures provide that notice of such stockholder proposals must be timely given in writing to our Secretary prior to the annual meeting.  Generally, to be timely, notice must be received at our principal executive offices not less than 80 days prior to an annual meeting (or if fewer than 90 days’ notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting is given or made by the Company, not later than the tenth day following the date on which the notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was made).  The notice must contain certain information specified in the Amended and Restated Bylaws, including a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and certain information concerning the stockholder submitting the proposal.

Exclusive Forum. Our Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that, unless we select or consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, and subject to applicable jurisdictional requirements, be the sole and exclusive forum for any current or former stockholder (including any current or former beneficial owner) to bring a claim, including claims in the right of the Company (1) that are based upon a violation of a duty by a current or former director, officer, employee or stockholder in such capacity; or (2) as to which the Delaware General Corporation Law confers jurisdiction upon the Court of Chancery.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The Transfer Agent and Registrar for our Common Stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
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