Document:

EX-4.6

 Exhibit 4.6 

SNAP INC., 

Issuer 
 AND

 [TRUSTEE], 

Trustee 
  

 
 INDENTURE

 Dated as of [●], 20__ 
  

 
 Debt
Securities 
  

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

							
	 	 	 	  	PAGE	 
	 ARTICLE 1
	 	 DEFINITIONS
	  	 	1	 
			
	 Section 1.01
	 	Definitions of Terms	  	 	1	 
			
	 ARTICLE 2
	 	 ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION, AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES
	  	 	5	 
			
	 Section 2.01
	 	Designation and Terms of Securities	  	 	5	 
	 Section 2.02
	 	Form of Securities and Trustee’s Certificate	  	 	7	 
	 Section 2.03
	 	Denominations: Provisions for Payment	  	 	8	 
	 Section 2.04
	 	Execution and Authentications	  	 	9	 
	 Section 2.05
	 	Registration of Transfer and Exchange	  	 	10	 
	 Section 2.06
	 	Temporary Securities	  	 	11	 
	 Section 2.07
	 	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost, or Stolen Securities	  	 	11	 
	 Section 2.08
	 	Cancellation	  	 	12	 
	 Section 2.09
	 	Benefits of Indenture	  	 	12	 
	 Section 2.10
	 	Authenticating Agent	  	 	13	 
	 Section 2.11
	 	Global Securities	  	 	13	 
	 Section 2.12
	 	CUSIP Numbers	  	 	14	 
			
	 ARTICLE 3
	 	REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS	  	 	14	 
			
	 Section 3.01
	 	Redemption	  	 	14	 
	 Section 3.02
	 	Notice of Redemption	  	 	15	 
	 Section 3.03
	 	Payment on Redemption	  	 	16	 
	 Section 3.04
	 	Sinking Fund	  	 	16	 
	 Section 3.05
	 	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities	  	 	16	 
	 Section 3.06
	 	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund	  	 	17	 
			
	 ARTICLE 4
	 	COVENANTS	  	 	17	 
			
	 Section 4.01
	 	Payment of Principal, Premium, and Interest	  	 	17	 
	 Section 4.02
	 	Maintenance of Office	  	 	18	 
	 Section 4.03
	 	Paying Agents	  	 	18	 
	 Section 4.04
	 	Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee	  	 	19	 
			
	 ARTICLE 5
	 	SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE	  	 	19	 
			
	 Section 5.01
	 	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders	  	 	19	 

  
 i. 

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

(CONTINUED) 
  

							
	 	 	 	  	PAGE	 
	 Section 5.02
	 	Preservation of Information; Communications With Securityholders	  	 	19	 
	 Section 5.03
	 	Reports by the Company	  	 	20	 
	 Section 5.04
	 	Reports by the Trustee	  	 	20	 
			
	 ARTICLE 6
	 	REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT	  	 	21	 
			
	 Section 6.01
	 	Events of Default	  	 	21	 
	 Section 6.02
	 	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee	  	 	22	 
	 Section 6.03
	 	Application of Funds Collected	  	 	24	 
	 Section 6.04
	 	Limitation on Suits	  	 	24	 
	 Section 6.05
	 	Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver	  	 	25	 
	 Section 6.06
	 	Control by Securityholders	  	 	25	 
	 Section 6.07
	 	Undertaking to Pay Costs	  	 	26	 
			
	 ARTICLE 7
	 	CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE	  	 	26	 
			
	 Section 7.01
	 	Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee	  	 	26	 
	 Section 7.02
	 	Certain Rights of Trustee	  	 	27	 
	 Section 7.03
	 	Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities	  	 	29	 
	 Section 7.04
	 	May Hold Securities	  	 	30	 
	 Section 7.05
	 	Funds Held in Trust	  	 	30	 
	 Section 7.06
	 	Compensation and Reimbursement	  	 	30	 
	 Section 7.07
	 	Reliance on Officer’s Certificate	  	 	31	 
	 Section 7.08
	 	Disqualification; Conflicting Interests	  	 	31	 
	 Section 7.09
	 	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility	  	 	31	 
	 Section 7.10
	 	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor	  	 	31	 
	 Section 7.11
	 	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor	  	 	33	 
	 Section 7.12
	 	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation, or Succession to Business	  	 	34	 
	 Section 7.13
	 	Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company	  	 	34	 
	 Section 7.14
	 	Notice of Default.	  	 	34	 
			
	 ARTICLE 8
	 	CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS	  	 	35	 
			
	 Section 8.01
	 	Evidence of Action by Securityholders	  	 	35	 
	 Section 8.02
	 	Proof of Execution by Securityholders	  	 	35	 

  
 ii. 

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

(CONTINUED) 
  

							
	 	 	 	  	PAGE	 
	 Section 8.03
	 	Who May be Deemed Owners	  	 	36	 
	 Section 8.04
	 	Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded	  	 	36	 
	 Section 8.05
	 	Actions Binding on Future Securityholders	  	 	36	 
			
	 ARTICLE 9
	 	SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	  	 	37	 
			
	 Section 9.01
	 	Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders	  	 	37	 
	 Section 9.02
	 	Supplemental Indentures With the Consent of Securityholders	  	 	38	 
	 Section 9.03
	 	Effect of Supplemental Indentures	  	 	38	 
	 Section 9.04
	 	Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures	  	 	38	 
	 Section 9.05
	 	Execution of Supplemental Indentures	  	 	39	 
			
	 ARTICLE 10
	 	SUCCESSOR ENTITY	  	 	39	 
	 Section 10.01
	 	Company May Consolidate, Etc.	  	 	39	 
	 Section 10.02
	 	Successor Entity Substituted	  	 	40	 
			
	 ARTICLE 11
	 	SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE	  	 	40	 
	 Section 11.01
	 	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture	  	 	40	 
	 Section 11.02
	 	Discharge of Obligations	  	 	41	 
	 Section 11.03
	 	Deposited Funds to be Held in Trust	  	 	41	 
	 Section 11.04
	 	Payment of Funds Held by Paying Agents	  	 	41	 
	 Section 11.05
	 	Repayment to Company	  	 	42	 
			
	 ARTICLE 12
	 	IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS, AND DIRECTORS	  	 	42	 
			
	 Section 12.01
	 	No Recourse	  	 	42	 
			
	 ARTICLE 13
	 	MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS	  	 	43	 
			
	 Section 13.01
	 	Effect on Successors and Assigns	  	 	43	 
	 Section 13.02
	 	Actions by Successor	  	 	43	 
	 Section 13.03
	 	Surrender of Company Powers	  	 	43	 
	 Section 13.04
	 	Notices	  	 	43	 
	 Section 13.05
	 	Governing Law; Jury Trial Waiver	  	 	43	 
	 Section 13.06
	 	Treatment of Securities as Debt	  	 	44	 
	 Section 13.07
	 	Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent	  	 	44	 
	 Section 13.08
	 	Payments on Business Days	  	 	44	 

  
 iii. 

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

(CONTINUED) 
  

							
	 	 	 	  	PAGE	 
	 Section 13.09
	 	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act	  	 	44	 
	 Section 13.10
	 	Counterparts	  	 	44	 
	 Section 13.11
	 	Separability	  	 	45	 
	 Section 13.12
	 	Compliance Certificates	  	 	45	 
	 Section 13.13
	 	U.S.A. Patriot Act	  	 	45	 
	 Section 13.14
	 	Force Majeure	  	 	45	 
	 Section 13.12
	 	Table of Contents; Headings	  	 	46	 

  

  
 iv. 

 INDENTURE 

INDENTURE, dated as of [●], 20__, between SNAP INC., a
Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and [TRUSTEE], as trustee (the “Trustee”): 

WHEREAS, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the
issuance of debt securities (the “Securities”), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in one or more series as provided in this Indenture, as registered Securities without coupons, to be
authenticated by a certificate of the Trustee; and 
 WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions on
which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued, and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the execution of this Indenture. 

NOW, THEREFORE, it is mutually agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the
holders of Securities: 
 ARTICLE 1 

DEFINITIONS 

Section 1.01 Definitions of Terms. 

As used in this Indenture and any indenture supplemental to this Indenture (a “supplemental indenture”), the terms
below have the following meanings (except as expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires). Any such term, unless the context otherwise requires, will include the plural as well as the singular. The term “includes” or
“including” means “including without limitation.” All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, or that are by reference in the Trust Indenture Act defined in the Securities Act, have the
meanings assigned to such terms in the Trust Indenture Act and the Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this Indenture (except as expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires). 

“Authenticating Agent” means the Trustee or an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of
Securities appointed pursuant to Section 2.10. 
 “Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar
federal or state law for the relief of debtors. 
 “Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company
or any duly authorized committee of the Board of Directors. 
 “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution
certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors (or duly authorized committee of the Board of Directors) and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.

  
 1. 

 “Business Day” means any day other than a day on which federal or
state banking institutions in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, or in the city of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, are authorized or obligated by law, executive order, or regulation to close. 

“Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the
Exchange Act, or, if at any time after the execution of this Indenture such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time. 

“Company” means Snap Inc., a Delaware corporation, and, subject to the provisions of Article Ten, its successors and
assigns. 
 “Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate
trust business is principally administered, which office as of the date of this Indenture is located at
                                         
                                         
              . 
 “Custodian” means any
receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law. 
 “Depositary” means, with
respect to Securities of any series that the Company determines will be issued as a Global Security, The Depository Trust Company, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act, or other applicable
statute or regulation, which, in each case, is designated pursuant to either Section 2.01 or 2.11. 
 “Event of
Default” means, with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for the period of time, if any, designated in Section 6.01. 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by
the Commission under such act. 
 The term “given,”, “mailed,”
“notify,” or “sent” with respect to any notice to be given to a Securityholder pursuant to this Indenture, means notice (a) given to the Depositary (or its designee) pursuant to the standing
instructions from the Depositary or its designee, including by electronic mail in accordance with accepted practices or procedures at the Depositary (in the case of a Global Security) or (b) mailed to such Securityholder by first class mail,
postage prepaid, at its address as it appears on the Security Register (in the case of a definitive Security). Notice so “given” will include any notice to be “mailed” or “delivered,” as applicable, under this
Indenture. 
 “Global Security” means a Security issued to evidence all or a part of any series of Securities which
is executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which will be registered in the name of the Depositary or its
nominee. 

  
 2. 

 “Governmental Obligations” means securities that are (a) direct
obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (b) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the
payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America that, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer at any time prior to the stated maturity of the
Securities, and will also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such
custodian for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt
from any funds received by the custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt. 

“Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by
one or more supplemental indentures entered into in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and includes the terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 2.01. 

“Interest Payment Date,” when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series,
means the date specified in such Security, a Board Resolution, or a supplemental indenture with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable. 

“Officer” means, with respect to the Company, the chairman of the Board of Directors, a chief executive officer, a
president, a chief financial officer, a chief strategy officer, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, any vice president, the treasurer or any assistant treasurer, the controller or any assistant controller, or the secretary or
any assistant secretary. 
 “Officer’s Certificate” means a certificate signed by any Officer. Each such
certificate will include the statements provided for in Section 13.07, if required. 
 “Opinion of Counsel”
means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company, that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms of this Indenture. Each such opinion will include the
statements provided for in Section 13.07, if required. 
 “Outstanding,” when used with respect to Securities
of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, as of any particular time, all Securities of that series previously authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities previously canceled
by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for cancellation; (b) Securities or portions of Securities for which funds or Governmental Obligations in the necessary amount for payment or redemption have
been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company is acting as its own paying agent); provided, however, that if such
Securities or portions of Securities are to be redeemed prior to maturity, notice of such redemption has been given as provided in Article Three, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee has been made for giving such notice; and (c) Securities
in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to Section 2.07. 

  
 3. 

 “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint
venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated organization, or any other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality. 

“Predecessor Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the
same debt; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in lieu of a lost, destroyed, or stolen Security will be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed, or stolen
Security. 
 “Responsible Officer,” when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer within the Corporate
Trust Office of the Trustee (or any successor group of the Trustee) or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular
corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and in each case who has direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture. 

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. 

“Securityholder,” “holder of Securities,” “registered holder,” or
other similar term, means the Person or Persons in whose name or names a particular Security is registered on the Security Register kept for that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture. 

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, association, partnership, or other business entity in
which such Person, directly or indirectly, owns a majority of the total voting power of shares of capital stock or other interests (including partnership interests) or which such Person otherwise, directly or indirectly, controls through an
investment or participation in the equity of such entity. 
 “Trustee” means _________________________, and, subject
to the provisions of Article Seven, its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more than one Person acting in such capacity, “Trustee” means each such Person. The term “Trustee” as used with respect to a particular
series of the Securities means the trustee with respect to that series. 
 “Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. 
 “U.S.A. Patriot Act” means the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing
Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, Pub. L. 107-56, as amended and signed into law October 26, 2001. 

  
 4. 

 ARTICLE 2 

ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION, AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES 

Section 2.01 Designation and Terms of Securities. 

(a) The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The
Securities may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more supplemental indentures. Prior to the initial issuance of
Securities of any series, there will be established by a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more supplemental indentures: 

(i) the title of the Securities of the series (which will distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities); 

(ii) any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered on registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of that series); 

(iii) the maturity date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable; 

(iv) the form of the Securities of the series, including the form of the certificate of authentication for such series; 

(v) the applicability of any guarantees; 

(vi) whether or not the Securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt; 

(vii) whether the Securities rank as senior debt, senior subordinated debt, subordinated debt, or any combination, and the terms of any
subordination; 
 (viii) if the price (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount) at which the Securities will be
issued is a price other than the principal amount, the portion of the principal amount payable on declaration of acceleration of maturity, or, if applicable, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities that is convertible into another
security or the method by which any such portion will be determined; 
 (ix) the interest rate or rates, which may be fixed or
variable, or the method for determining the rate, and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable, and the regular record dates for interest payment dates, or the method for determining such dates; 

  
 5. 

 (x) the Company’s right, if any, to defer the payment of interest and the
maximum length of any such deferral period; 
 (xi) if applicable, the date or dates after which, or the period or periods during
which, and the price or prices at which, the Company may, at its option, redeem the series of Securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions; 

(xii) if applicable, the date or dates on which, and the price or prices at which, the Company is obligated, pursuant to any mandatory
sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the Securityholder’s option to purchase, the series of Securities and the currency or currency unit in which the Securities are payable; 

(xiii) the denominations in which the Securities of the series are issuable, if other than denominations or integral multiples of U.S.
$1,000; 
 (xiv) if applicable, any and all terms relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that series and any
security for the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities and any other terms which may be advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities of that series; 

(xv) whether the Securities of the series will be issued in whole or in part in the form of a Global Security or Securities, the terms
and conditions, if any, on which such Global Security or Securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual Securities, and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities; 

(xvi) if applicable, the provisions relating to conversion or exchange of any Securities of the series and the terms and conditions on
which such Securities will be convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company’s or the holders’ option) conversion or
exchange features, the applicable conversion or exchange period, and the manner of settlement for any conversion or exchange, which may include the payment of cash as well as the delivery of securities; 

(xvii) if other than the full principal amount, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series that is payable on
declaration of acceleration of maturity pursuant to Section 6.01; 
 (xviii) additions to or changes in the covenants applicable
to the series of Securities being issued; 
 (xix) additions to or changes in the Events of Default with respect to the Securities
and any change in the right of the Trustee or the Securityholders to declare the principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, with respect to such Securities to be due and payable; 

(xx) additions to, changes in, or deletions of the provisions relating to covenant defeasance and legal defeasance; 

  
 6. 

 (xxi) additions to or changes in the provisions relating to satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture; 
 (xxii) additions to or changes in the provisions relating to the modification of this Indenture both
with and without the consent of Securityholders; 
 (xxiii) the currency of payment of Securities if other than U.S. dollars and the
manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars; 
 (xxiv) whether interest will be payable in cash or additional
Securities at the Company’s or the Securityholders’ option and the terms and conditions on which the election may be made; 

(xxv) if applicable, the terms and conditions on which the Company will pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if
any, and principal amounts of the Securities of the series to any Securityholder that is not a “U.S. person” for federal tax purposes; 

(xxvi) any restrictions on transfer, sale, or assignment of the Securities of the series; and 

(xxvii) any other specific terms, preferences, rights, or limitations of, or restrictions on, the Securities, other additions or
changes in the provisions of this Indenture, and any terms that may be required by or advisable under applicable laws or regulations. 
 All
Securities of any one series will be substantially identical except as may otherwise be provided by Board Resolution or in any supplemental indenture. 

If any of the terms of the series are established by a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action will be certified by
the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officer’s Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series. 

Securities of any particular series may be issued at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of
principal is payable, with different rates of interest, if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest may be payable, and with different redemption dates. 

Section 2.02 Form of Securities and Trustee’s Certificate. 

The Securities of any series and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities will be substantially of the
tenor and purport as set forth in one or more supplemental indentures or as provided by a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, and they may have such letters, numbers, or other marks of identification or designation and
such legends or endorsements printed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law, rule, or regulation or with any rule or regulation of
any securities exchange on which Securities of that series may be listed, or conform to usage. 

  
 7. 

 Section 2.03 Denominations: Provisions for Payment. 

The Securities will be issuable as registered Securities and in the denominations or integral multiples of U.S. $1,000 , subject to
Section 2.01(a)(xviii). The Securities of a particular series will bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect to that series. Subject to Section 2.01(a)(xxiii), the principal of and the interest on the
Securities of any series, as well as any premium in case of redemption or repurchase prior to maturity, and any cash amount due on conversion or exchange, will be payable in U.S. dollars, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that
purpose. Each Security will be dated the date of its authentication. Interest on the Securities will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day
months. 
 The interest installment on any Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment
Date for Securities of that series will be paid to the Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular record date for such interest installment. If any Security or
portion of a Security of a particular series is called for redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest Payment Date, interest on such Security will be
paid on presentation and surrender of such Security as provided in Section 3.03. 
 Any interest on any Security that is payable, but
is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (“Defaulted Interest”) will cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date; and
such Defaulted Interest will instead be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in clause (a) or clause (b) below: 

(a) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their
respective Predecessor Securities) are registered in the Security Register at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which will be fixed in the following manner: 

(i) the Company will notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security and the
date of the proposed payment; 
 (ii) the Company will deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount
proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or will make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment (such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled to such Defaulted Interest); 
 (iii) the Trustee will fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest,
which will not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment; 

(iv) the Trustee will promptly notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, will
cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date to be sent to each Securityholder not less than ten days prior to such special record date; and 

  
 8. 

 (v) such Defaulted Interest will be paid to the Persons in whose names such
Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered in the Security Register on such special record date. 
 (b)
The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and on such notice as may be required
by such exchange; provided that such manner of payment must be deemed practicable by the Trustee. 
 Unless otherwise set forth in a
Board Resolution or one or more supplemental indentures establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01, the term “regular record date” as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any
Interest Payment Date for such series will mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately before the month in which an Interest Payment Date for such series occurs, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the first day
of the month in which an Interest Payment Date for such series occurs, if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day. 

Subject to the foregoing, each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture on transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other
Security of such series will carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security. 

Section 2.04 Execution and Authentications. 

The Securities will be signed on behalf of the Company by one of its Officers. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile
signature. 
 The Company may use the facsimile signature of any Person who was an Officer at the time of execution, notwithstanding the
fact that at the time the Securities are authenticated and delivered or disposed of such Person has ceased to be an officer of the Company. The Securities may contain such notations, legends, or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule, or
usage. Each Security will be dated the date of its authentication by the Trustee. 
 A Security will not be valid until authenticated
manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such signature will be conclusive evidence that the Security has been duly authenticated and delivered and that the holder is entitled to the benefits of this
Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company
for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by an Officer, and the Trustee will authenticate and deliver such Securities in accordance with such written order. 

On the Company’s delivery of an authentication order to the Trustee at any time after the initial issuance of Securities under this
Indenture, the Trustee will be provided with, and (subject to Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of the Trust Indenture Act) will be fully protected in relying on, (a) an Opinion of Counsel or reliance letter and (b) an Officer’s Certificate
stating that all conditions precedent to the execution, authentication, and delivery of such Securities are in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture. 

  
 9. 

 The Trustee will not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such
Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties, or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. 

Section 2.05 Registration of Transfer and Exchange. 

(a) Securities of any series may be exchanged on presentation at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, for
other Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal amount, on payment of funds sufficient to cover any associated tax or other governmental charge, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any
Securities surrendered for exchange, the Company will execute, the Trustee will authenticate, and such office will deliver, in exchange for such surrendered Securities, the Security or Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the
exchange is entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously outstanding. 
 (b) The Company will keep, or cause to be kept,
at its office or agency designated for such purpose a register or registers (the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company will register the Securities and the
transfers of Securities as provided in this Article and which at all reasonable times will be open for inspection by the Trustee. The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities (the “Security
Registrar”) will be appointed as authorized by Board Resolution or supplemental indenture. 
 On surrender for transfer of any
Security at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company will execute, the Trustee will authenticate, and such office will deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same
series as the Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount. 
 The Company appoints the Trustee as Security Registrar for each
series of Securities. 
 All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, will
be accompanied (if required by the Company or the Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly executed by the registered holder or by such holder’s
duly authorized attorney in writing. 
 (c) Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 by a Board Resolution, and set forth in
an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more supplemental indentures, no service charge will be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series
or repurchase, conversion, or exchange of less than the entire principal amount of a Security, but the Company may require payment of funds sufficient to cover any associated tax or other governmental charge, other than exchanges pursuant to
Section 2.06, Section 3.03(b), and Section 9.04 not involving any transfer. 

  
 10. 

 (d) The Company and the Security Registrar will not be required to (i) issue,
exchange, or register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the sending of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities of the same series and ending at the close of
business on the day of such sending, or (ii) register the transfer of or exchange any Securities or portions of Securities of any series called for redemption or surrendered for repurchase, but not validly withdrawn, other than the unredeemed
portion of any such Securities being redeemed in part or not surrendered for repurchase, as the case may be. The provisions of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section 2.11. 

The Trustee has no obligation or duty to monitor, determine, or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this
Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security (including any transfers between or among Depositary participants or beneficial owners of interests in any Global Security) other than to require delivery
of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine such certificates and other documentation or evidence to determine
substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements of this Indenture. 
 Section 2.06 Temporary
Securities. 
 Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee will authenticate
and deliver, temporary Securities of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities will be substantially in the form of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions, and variations as may
be appropriate for temporary Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series will be executed by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee on the same conditions and in substantially the same manner,
and with like effect, as the definitive Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay, the Company will execute and furnish definitive Securities of such series and any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange
for such definitive Securities (without charge to the Securityholders), at the office of the Company designated for the purpose, and the Trustee will authenticate and such office will deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal
aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be executed and furnished until further notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the
temporary Securities of such series will be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series. 

Section 2.07 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost, or Stolen Securities. 

If any temporary or definitive Security becomes mutilated or is destroyed, lost, or stolen, the Company (subject to the next sentence) will
execute, and on the Company’s request the Trustee (subject to the next sentence) will authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the
mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost, or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Security will furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by
them to save each of them harmless, and, in 

  
 11. 

 
every case of destruction, loss, or theft, the applicant will also furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss, or theft, and ownership, of the
applicant’s Security. The Trustee may authenticate and deliver any such substituted Security on the written request or authorization of any officer of the Company. On the issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment
of funds sufficient to cover any associated tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. 

If any Security that has matured or is about to mature becomes mutilated or is destroyed, lost, or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing
a substitute Security, pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment furnishes to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require
to save them harmless, and, in case of destruction, loss, or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss, or theft, and ownership, of such Security. 

Every replacement Security issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section will constitute an additional contractual obligation of the
Company whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost, or stolen Security is found at any time, or is enforceable by anyone, and will be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other duly issued
Securities of the same series. All Securities will be held and owned on the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost, or stolen Securities, and will
preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without
their surrender. 
 Section 2.08 Cancellation. 

All Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment, redemption, repurchase, exchange, registration of transfer, or conversion will, if
surrendered to the Company or any paying agent (or any other applicable agent), be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, will be cancelled by it, and no Securities will be issued in lieu of such surrendered
Securities except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. On request of the Company at the time of such surrender, the Trustee will deliver to the Company canceled Securities held by the Trustee. In the absence
of such request the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition to the Company. If the Company otherwise acquires any of the Securities, such acquisition will not
operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. 

Section 2.09 Benefits of Indenture. 

Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, will give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties to
this Indenture and the holders of the Securities, any legal or equitable right, remedy, or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition, or provision contained in this Indenture; all such covenants, conditions, and
provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties to this Indenture and of the holders of the Securities. 

  
 12. 

 Section 2.10 Authenticating Agent. 

So long as any of the Securities of any series remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of
Securities, which the Trustee will have the right to appoint. The Authenticating Agent will be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued on exchange, transfer, or partial redemption, repurchase, or
conversion, and Securities so authenticated will be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and will be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee. All references in this Indenture to the authentication of Securities
by the Trustee will be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating Agent for such series. Each Authenticating Agent will be acceptable to the Company and will be a corporation that has a combined capital and surplus, as most recently
reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such business and is
subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent ceases to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it will resign immediately. 

Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and the Company. The Trustee may at any
time (and on request by the Company will) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating Agent and the Company. On resignation, termination, or cessation of eligibility of any
Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, on acceptance of its appointment, will become vested with all the rights, powers, and duties of
its predecessor as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. 
 Section 2.11 Global Securities. 

(a) If the Company establishes pursuant to Section 2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global
Security, then the Company will execute and the Trustee will, in accordance with Section 2.04, authenticate and deliver a Global Security that (i) represents, and is denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all
of the Outstanding Securities of such series, (ii) is registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) is delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction (or if the Depositary names
the Trustee as its custodian, retained by the Trustee), and (iv) bears a legend substantially to the following effect: “Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not
in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.” 
 (b)
Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.05, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided in Section 2.05, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a
successor Depositary for such series selected or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary. 

  
 13. 

 (c) If at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies the Company
that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series is no longer registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor
Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Company has
received a request from the Depositary or from the Trustee, this Section 2.11 will no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee will authenticate and
deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global
Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series will no longer be represented by a Global Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 will no longer apply to the Securities of such
series. In such event the Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee, on receipt of an Officer’s Certificate evidencing such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in
definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security. On the exchange of the Global
Security for such Securities in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security will be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security
pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) will be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, instructs the Trustee. The Trustee will
deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered. 

Section 2.12 CUSIP Numbers. 

The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee will use
“CUSIP” numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Securityholders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as
contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption will not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company
will promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the “CUSIP” numbers. 
 ARTICLE 3 

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS 

Section 3.01 Redemption. 

The Company may redeem the Securities of any series issued under this Indenture on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms
established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01. 

  
 14. 

 Section 3.02 Notice of Redemption. 

(a) If the Company wishes to exercise its right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series in
accordance with any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.01, the Company will, or will cause the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing
(or, with regard to any Global Security held in book entry form, by electronic mail in accordance with the applicable procedures of the Depositary), a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days nor more than 90 days before the date fixed for
redemption of that series to such Securityholders, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner provided in this Indenture will be conclusively presumed to have been duly given,
whether or not the registered holder receives the notice. In any case, failure to give such notice to any Securityholder of any series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, will not affect the validity of the
proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities of such series or any other series. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or
elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company will furnish the Trustee with an Officer’s Certificate evidencing compliance with any such restriction. 

Each such notice of redemption will identify the Securities to be redeemed (including CUSIP numbers, if any), specify the date fixed for
redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and state that payment of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company, on presentation and
surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, and that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption is from a sinking fund, if such is
the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed in part will specify the particular Securities to be redeemed. 

If any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice that relates to such Security will state the portion of the principal amount to be
redeemed, and will state that on and after the redemption date, on surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion will be issued. 

(b) If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company will give the Trustee at least 45 days’ notice
(unless a shorter notice is satisfactory to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of the series to be redeemed, and, upon such notice, the Trustee will select the Securities to be
redeemed (by lot, on a pro rata basis, or in such other manner as the Company deems appropriate and fair in its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal to or in integral multiples of U.S. $1,000) of the
principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than $1,000) and will promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it elects, by delivery
of instructions signed on its behalf by an Officer, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section,
such notice to be in the name of the Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. If notice of redemption is to be given by the Trustee or any paying agent, the Company will deliver or cause to be delivered to, or
permit to remain with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books, or other records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice
by mail that may be required under the provisions of this Section. 

  
 15. 

 Section 3.03 Payment on Redemption. 

(a) If the giving of notice of redemption has been completed, the Securities or portions of Securities of the series to be redeemed
specified in such notice will become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued to, but excluding, the date fixed for redemption and interest on such
Securities or portions of Securities will cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company defaults in the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion. On
presentation and surrender of such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, such Securities will be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price for such series, together with
interest accrued thereon to, but excluding, the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an Interest Payment Date, the interest installment payable on such date will be payable to the registered holder at the close of
business on the applicable record date pursuant to Section 2.03). 
 (b) On presentation of any Security of such series that is
to be redeemed in part only, the Company will execute, the Trustee will authenticate, and the office where the Security is presented will deliver to the Securityholder, at the expense of the Company, a new Security of the same series of authorized
denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented. 
 Section 3.04
Sinking Fund. 
 The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05, and 3.06 will be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities
of a series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.01 for Securities of such series. 
 The minimum amount of any
sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,” and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any
series is referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.05.
Each sinking fund payment will be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series. 

Section 3.05 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities. 

The Company may (a) deliver Outstanding Securities of a series and (b) apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been
redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part
of any sinking 

  
 16. 

 
fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such
Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities will be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount
of such sinking fund payment will be reduced accordingly. 
 Section 3.06 Redemption of Securities for Sinking
Fund. 
 Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities (unless a shorter period is
satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion, if any, that is to
be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 3.05, and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officer’s Certificate, deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not
less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date, the Securities to be redeemed on such sinking fund payment date will be selected in the manner specified in Section 3.02 and the Company will cause notice of the redemption to be
given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities will be made on the terms and in the manner stated in Section 3.03. 

ARTICLE 4 
 COVENANTS

 Section 4.01 Payment of Principal, Premium, and Interest. 

The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that
series at the time and place and in the manner provided in this Indenture and established with respect to such Securities. Payments of principal on the Securities may be made at the time provided in this Indenture and established with respect to
such Securities by U.S. dollar check drawn on and mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled to such payment as such address appears in the Security Register, or by U.S. dollar wire transfer to a U.S. dollar account if such Securityholder
has furnished wire instructions in writing to the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date. Payments of interest on the Securities may be made at the time provided in this Indenture and established with respect to such
Securities by U.S. dollar check mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled to such payment as such address appears in the Security Register, or by U.S. dollar wire transfer to a U.S. dollar account if such Securityholder has furnished wire
instructions in writing to the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date. 

  
 17. 

 Section 4.02 Maintenance of Office. 

So long as any series of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Company will maintain an office with respect to each such series and at such
location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.02, where (a) Securities of that series may be presented for payment, (b) Securities of that series may be presented for registration of transfer and exchange,
and (c) notices and demands to or on the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office until the Company, by written notice signed by any
officer authorized to sign an Officer’s Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designates some other office for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company fails to maintain any such required office or fails to furnish the
Trustee with the address of such office, such presentations, notices, and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, notices, and
demands. The Company initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as its paying agent with respect to the Securities. 

Section 4.03 Paying Agents. 

(a) If the Company appoints one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will
cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent agrees with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that it will: 

(i) hold all funds held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of
that series (whether such funds have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such funds; 

(ii) give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same is due and payable; 
 (iii) at any
time during the continuance of any failure referred to in clause (a)(ii) above, on the written request of the Trustee, promptly pay to the Trustee all funds so held in trust by such paying agent; and 

(iv) perform all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture. 

(b) If the Company acts as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate, and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium, or interest, as applicable, funds sufficient to pay such
principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due on Securities of that series until such funds are paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as provided in this Indenture and will promptly notify the Trustee of such action, or any
failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company has one or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on
any Securities of that series, deposit with the paying agent funds sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such funds to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium,
or interest, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure to act. 

  
 18. 

 (c) Notwithstanding anything in this Section to the contrary, (i) the agreement
to hold funds in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay,
or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all funds held in trust by the Company or such paying agent, such funds to be held by the Trustee on the same terms and conditions as those on which such funds were held by the Company or such paying
agent; and, on such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the Company or such paying agent will be released from all further liability with respect to such money. 

Section 4.04 Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee. 

The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10,
a Trustee, so that there will at all times be a Trustee under this Indenture. 
 ARTICLE 5 

SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE 

Section 5.01 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders. 

The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee (a) within 15 days after each regular record date (as defined in
Section 2.03), a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular record date, provided that the Company will not be obligated to furnish
or cause to be furnished such list at any time that the list does not differ in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company, and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days
after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no such list need be furnished for
any series for which the Trustee is the Security Registrar. 
 Section 5.02 Preservation Of Information;
Communications With Securityholders. 
 (a) The Trustee will preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all
information as to the names and addresses of the holders of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 and as to the names and addresses of holders of Securities received by the Trustee in its
capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity). 
 (b) The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in
Section 5.01 on receipt of a new list so furnished. 
 (c) Securityholders may communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of
the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee will satisfy its obligations under Section 312(b) of the
Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of such section. 

  
 19. 

 Section 5.03 Reports by the Company. 

(a) The Company will at all times comply with Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act. The Company will provide (which delivery
may be via electronic mail) to the Trustee, within 30 days after the Company files the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as
the Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company is required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, that the Company will
not be required to deliver to the Trustee any correspondence filed with the Commission or any materials for which the Company has sought and received confidential treatment by the Commission; and provided, further, that so long as such
filings by the Company are available on the Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (EDGAR), or any successor system, such filings will be deemed to have been filed with the Trustee for purposes of this Indenture
without any further action by the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, a failure by the Company to file annual reports, information, and other reports with the Commission within the time period prescribed by the Commission will not be deemed a
breach of this Section 5.03. 
 (b) Delivery of reports, information, and documents to the Trustee under Section 5.03 is for
informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of the foregoing will not constitute constructive notice of any information contained, or determinable from information contained, in such reports, information, or documents, including the
Company’s compliance with any of its covenants under this Indenture (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on an Officer’s Certificate). The Trustee is under no duty to examine any such reports, information, or documents
delivered to the Trustee or filed with the Commission via EDGAR to ensure compliance with the provisions of this Indenture or to ascertain the correctness or otherwise of the information or the statements contained in such reports, information, or
documents. The Trustee has no responsibility or duty whatsoever to ascertain or determine whether the above referenced filings with the Commission on EDGAR (or any successor system) have occurred. 

Section 5.04 Reports by the Trustee. 

(a) If required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee, within 60 days after each May 1, will send to the
Securityholders a brief report dated as of such May 1, which complies with Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act. 
 (b)
The Trustee will comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act. 
 (c) A copy of each such report will, at
the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each securities exchange on which any Securities are listed (if so listed), and with the Commission. The Company will notify the Trustee when any
Securities become listed on any securities exchange. 

  
 20. 

 ARTICLE 6 

REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT 

Section 6.01 Events of Default. 

(a) Whenever used in this Indenture with respect to Securities of a particular series, “Event of Default” means
any one or more of the following events that has occurred and is continuing: 
 (i) the Company defaults in the payment of any
installment of interest on any of the Securities of that series, as and when due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by the Company in
accordance with the terms of any supplemental indenture will not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose; 

(ii) the Company defaults in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when
due and payable, whether at maturity, on redemption, by declaration, or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity
of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any supplemental indenture will not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any; 

(iii) the Company fails to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this
Indenture or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 (other than a covenant or agreement that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of
Securities other than such series) for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the failure to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” under this Indenture, has been
given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that series at the time Outstanding; 

(iv) the Company (1) commences a voluntary case, (2) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an
involuntary case, (3) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property, or (4) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, in each case pursuant to or within the meaning of
Bankruptcy Law; or 
 (v) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (1) is for relief
against the Company in an involuntary case, (2) appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property, or (3) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90
days. 
 (b) In each such case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (iv) or clause (v) above), unless the
principal of all the Securities of that series has already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding, by notice in writing to the
Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, and on any such declaration
such amounts will be immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (iv) or clause (v) above occurs, the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series will automatically be
immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities. 

  
 21. 

 (c) At any time after the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and
unpaid interest on the Securities of that series has been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the amounts due has been obtained or entered, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of that series then Outstanding, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee funds sufficient to pay all
matured installments of interest on all the Securities of that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest on such principal and
premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, on overdue installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount
payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06, and (ii) any and all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal on (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on
Securities of that series that have not become due by their terms, have been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.06. 
 No such
rescission and annulment will extend to or affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon. 
 (d) If the Trustee
has proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or have been determined
adversely to the Trustee, then, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the Company and the Trustee will be restored respectively to their former positions and rights, and all rights, remedies, and powers of the Company and the Trustee
will continue as though no such proceedings had been taken. 
 Section 6.02 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for
Enforcement by Trustee. 
 (a) The Company covenants that if it defaults in the payment of (i) any installment of interest on
any of the Securities of a series, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series when due and payable, and such default has continued for a period of 90 days, or (ii) the principal of (or
premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when due and payable, whether on maturity, redemption, declaration, or otherwise, then, on demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the
Securities of that series, the whole amount that is then due and payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest on the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the
extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) on overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition, such further amount as is sufficient to cover the costs
and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06. 

  
 22. 

 (b) If the Company fails to pay such amounts promptly on such demand, the Trustee, in
its own name and as trustee of an express trust, will be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the funds so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment
or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree against the Company or other obligor on the Securities of that series and collect the amounts adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law or equity out of the
property of the Company or other obligor on the Securities of that series, wherever situated. 
 (c) In case of any receivership,
insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition, or judicial proceedings affecting the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee will have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any
action that may be permitted by the court and will (except as otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of claim and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the
holders of Securities of such series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the Company after
such date, and to collect and receive any funds or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06; and any receiver, assignee, or
trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee consents to the making of such payments directly to such
Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.06. 
 (d) All rights of action and of asserting claims
under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production of any such Securities at any trial or other
proceeding, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee will be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment will, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under
Section 7.06, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series. 
 In case of an Event of Default, the
Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee deems most effectual, either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether
for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by
law. 
 Nothing contained in this Indenture will be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize, consent to, accept, or adopt on behalf of
any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any Securityholder or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in
any such proceeding. 

  
 23. 

 Section 6.03 Application of Funds Collected. 

Any funds collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities will be applied in the following
order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such funds on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, on presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation on such Securities of the
payment, if only partially paid, and on surrender of such Securities if fully paid: 
 FIRST: To the payment of costs and expenses of
collection and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06; 
 SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid
on Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and
payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and 
 THIRD: To the payment of the remainder, if
any, to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled to such funds. 
 Section 6.04 Limitation on Suits. 

No holder of any Security of any series will have any right by virtue of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action, or
proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy under this Indenture, unless (a) such Securityholder has previously given to the Trustee
written notice of the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as provided in this Indenture; (b) the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding have made written request on the Trustee to institute such action, suit, or proceeding in its own name as Trustee; (c) such Securityholder or Securityholders have offered to the Trustee
indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses, and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request; (d) the Trustee, for 90 days after its receipt of such notice, request, and offer of indemnity, has failed to institute
any such action, suit, or proceeding; and (e) during such 90 day period, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of that series have not given the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request. 

Notwithstanding anything contained in this Indenture to the contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any
Securityholder to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Security on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit
for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates or redemption date, will not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and by accepting a Security it is expressly understood, intended, and covenanted by
every Securityholder of such series with every other Securityholder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series have any 

  
 24. 

 
right in any manner whatsoever by virtue of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb, or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain
priority over or preference to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner provided in this Indenture and for the equal, ratable, and common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series. For the
protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee will be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity. 

Section 6.05 Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver. 

(a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.07, all powers and remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the
Securityholders will, to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance
or observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities. 
 (b)
No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing on any Event of Default occurring and continuing will impair any such right or power, or will be construed to be a waiver of or
acquiescence to any such default; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every power and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as is deemed
expedient, by the Trustee or by the Securityholders. 
 Section 6.06 Control by Securityholders. 

The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with
Section 8.04, will have the right to direct the time, method, and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided,
however, that such direction will not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture or subject the Trustee in its sole discretion to personal liability. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee will have the right
to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determines that the proceeding so directed, subject to the Trustee’s duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve
the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the Securityholders not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding affected thereby,
determined in accordance with Section 8.04, may on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants contained in this Indenture or established pursuant to
Section 2.01 with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when due by the terms of such Securities
otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured and funds sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.01(c)). On any
such waiver, the default covered thereby will be deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee, and the holders of the Securities of such series will be restored to their former positions and rights,
respectively; but no such waiver will extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon. 

  
 25. 

 Section 6.07 Undertaking to Pay Costs. 

All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Securityholder by such holder’s acceptance of Securities will be deemed to have agreed, that
any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit
of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and
good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section will not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of Securityholders, holding more than
10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any), or interest on any Security of such series,
on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this Indenture. 
 ARTICLE 7 

CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE 

Section 7.01 Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee. 

(a) The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all
Events of Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, will undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of such series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no
implied covenants will be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. If an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee will exercise with respect to Securities of that
series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs. 

(b) No provision of this Indenture will be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, negligent
failure to act, or willful misconduct, except that: 
 (i) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred: 

(A) the duties and obligations of the Trustee will with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express
provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee will not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or
obligations will be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and 

  
 26. 

 (B) in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with
respect to the Securities of such series conclusively rely on any certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed
in such certificates or opinions; provided, however, that in the case of any certificates or opinions that are specifically required by this Indenture to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee will be under a duty to examine the same to
determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture; 
 (ii) the Trustee will not be liable to any
Securityholder or any other Person for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; 

(iii) the Trustee will not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the time, method, and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or
exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; 
 (iv)
nothing in this Indenture will require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable
ground for believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it; 

(v) the Trustee will not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the performance of its powers or duties under this
Indenture; 
 (vi) the permissive right of the Trustee to do things enumerated in this Indenture will not be construed as a duty of
the Trustee; and 
 (vii) no Trustee will have any duty or responsibility for any act or omission of any other Trustee appointed with
respect to a series of Securities under this Indenture. 
 Section 7.02 Certain Rights of Trustee. 

Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01: 

(a) the Trustee may conclusively rely and will be protected in acting or refraining from acting on any resolution, certificate,
statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties; 

(b) any request, direction, order, or demand of the Company mentioned in this Indenture will be sufficiently evidenced by a Board
Resolution or an instrument signed in the name of the Company by any authorized Officer of the Company (unless other evidence is specifically prescribed by this Indenture); 

  
 27. 

 (c) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the opinion or written advice of such
counsel or, if requested, any Opinion of Counsel will be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted under this Indenture in good faith and in reliance on such opinion or advice; 

(d) the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request,
order, or direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably acceptable to the Trustee against the costs, expenses, and
liabilities that may be incurred by the Trustee; provided, however, that nothing contained in this Indenture will relieve the Trustee of the obligation, on the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that
has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use
under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs; 
 (e) the Trustee will not be liable for any action taken or
omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred on it by this Indenture; 

(f) the Trustee will not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents or inquire as to the performance by the Company of one of its covenants under this Indenture, unless requested in writing so to do
by the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section 8.04); provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable
time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses, or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this
Indenture, the Trustee may require security or indemnity reasonably acceptable to the Trustee against such costs, expenses, or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such examination will be paid by the Company
or, if paid by the Trustee, will be repaid by the Company on demand; 
 (g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers or
perform any duties under this Indenture either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee will not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it; 

(h) in no event will the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations under this
Indenture arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes, or acts of God, and
interruptions, loss, or malfunctions of utilities, communications, or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee will use reasonable efforts consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume
performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances; 

  
 28. 

 (i) in no event will the Trustee be responsible or liable for special, indirect,
punitive, or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action; 

(j) the Trustee agrees to accept and act on instructions or directions pursuant to this Indenture sent by
e-mail, facsimile transmission, or other similar unsecured electronic methods; provided, however, that such instructions or directions will be signed by an authorized representative of the party
providing such instructions or directions. If the party elects to give the Trustee e-mail or facsimile instructions (or instructions by a similar electronic method) and the Trustee in its discretion elects to
act on such instructions, the Trustee’s understanding of such instructions will be deemed controlling. The Trustee will not be liable for any losses, costs, or expenses arising directly or indirectly from the Trustee’s reliance on and
compliance with such instructions notwithstanding such instructions conflict or are inconsistent with a subsequent written instruction. The party providing electronic instructions agrees to assume all risks arising out of the use of such electronic
methods to submit instructions and directions to the Trustee, including the risk of the Trustee acting on unauthorized instructions, and the risk or interception and misuse by third parties. The Trustee may request that the Company deliver an
Officer’s Certificate setting forth the names of individuals or titles of officers authorized at such time to furnish the Trustee with Officer’s Certificates, Company Orders, and any other matters or directions pursuant to this Indenture;

 (k) the rights, privileges, protections, immunities, and benefits given to the Trustee, including its right to be indemnified, are
extended to, and will be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities under this Indenture and the Securities, and each agent, custodian, or other person employed to act under this Indenture; and 

(l) the Trustee will not be deemed to have knowledge of any Default or Event of Default (other than an Event of Default constituting the
failure to pay the interest on, or the principal of, the Securities if the Trustee also serves the paying agent for such Securities) until the Trustee has received written notification in the manner set forth in this Indenture or a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee has obtained actual knowledge. 
 Section 7.03 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance
or Securities. 
 (a) The recitals contained in this Indenture and in the Securities will be taken as the statements of the
Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the same. The Trustee will not be responsible for any statement in any registration statement, prospectus, or any other document in connection with the sale of Securities. The
Trustee will not be responsible for any rating on the Securities or any action or omission of any rating agency. 
 (b) The Trustee
makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. 
 (c) The Trustee will not be
accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities, or for the use or application of any funds paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or
established pursuant to Section 2.01, or for the use or application of any funds received by any paying agent other than the Trustee. 

  
 29. 

 Section 7.04 May Hold Securities. 

The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities
with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, paying agent, or Security Registrar. 
 Section 7.05 Funds
Held in Trust. 
 Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, all funds received by the Trustee will, until used or applied as
provided in this Indenture, be held in trust for the purposes for which they were received but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee will be under no liability for interest on any funds received by
it under this Indenture except such as it may agree with the Company. 
 Section 7.06 Compensation and
Reimbursement. 
 (a) The Company will pay to the Trustee compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee will from
time to time agree in writing. The Trustee’s compensation will not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company will reimburse the Trustee on request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses will include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel. 

(b) The Company will indemnify the Trustee against any loss, liability, or expense (including the cost of defending itself and including
the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel) incurred by it except as set forth in Section 7.06(c) in the exercise or performance of its powers, rights, or duties under this Indenture as Trustee or Agent.
The Trustee will notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. The Company will defend the claim and the Trustee will cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have one separate counsel and the Company will pay the
reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification will apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders, and
agents of the Trustee. 
 (c) The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the
Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder, or agent of the Trustee through negligence, willful misconduct, or bad faith. 

(d) To ensure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee will have a lien prior to the Securities on all funds
or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of or interest on particular Securities. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in
Section 6.01(iv) or (v), the expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for services in connection therewith are to constitute expenses of administration under any bankruptcy law. The provisions of
this Section 7.06 will survive the termination of this Indenture and the resignation or removal of the Trustee. 

  
 30. 

 Section 7.07 Reliance on Officer’s Certificate.

 Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01, whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee deems it
reasonably necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or omitting to take any action under this Indenture, such matter (unless other evidence is specifically prescribed by this Indenture) may, in the absence of
negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officer’s Certificate delivered to the Trustee and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the
Trustee, will be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture in reliance on such certificate. 

Section 7.08 Disqualification; Conflicting Interests. 

If the Trustee has or acquires any “conflicting interest” within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the
Trustee and the Company will in all respects comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. 

Section 7.09 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility. 

There will at all times be a Trustee with respect to the Securities issued under this Indenture, which will at all times be a corporation
organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or any U.S. state or territory or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person permitted to act as trustee by the Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise
corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus of at least U.S. $50,000,000, and subject to supervision or examination by federal, state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority. 

If such corporation or other Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the federal,
state, territorial, or District of Columbia supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person will be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set
forth in its most recent report of condition. The Company may not, nor may any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. If at any time the Trustee ceases to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee will resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 7.10. 

Section 7.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor. 

(a) The Trustee or any successor may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice of
such resignation to the Company and the Securityholders of such series. On receiving such notice of resignation, the Company will promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate,
executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which will be delivered to 

  
 31. 

 
the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor trustee has been appointed and accepted appointment within 30 days after the sending of such notice of resignation,
the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or
Securities for at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may then appoint a successor trustee. 

(b) If at any time any of the following occurs: 

(i) the Trustee fails to comply with the provisions of Section 7.08 after written request by the Company or by any Securityholder
who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or 
 (ii) the Trustee ceases to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of Section 7.09 and fails to resign after written request to resign by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or 

(iii) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting, is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, commences a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding, or a
receiver of itself or of its property appointed or consented to, or any public officer takes charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation, or liquidation; 

then, in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written
instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which will be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or
Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of that holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may then remove
the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee. 
 (c) The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any
series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the consent of the Company. 

(d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant
to any of the provisions of this Section will become effective on acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11. 

(e) Any successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or
all of such series, and at any time there will be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series. 

  
 32. 

 Section 7.11 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. 

(a) If a successor trustee is appointed under this Indenture with respect to all Securities, such successor trustee will execute,
acknowledge, and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, at which point the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee will become effective and such successor trustee, without any further
act, deed, or conveyance, will become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts, and duties of the retiring Trustee. On request of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee will, on payment of any amounts due to it pursuant to the
provisions of Section 7.06, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and will duly assign, transfer, and deliver to such successor trustee all property
and funds held by such retiring Trustee pursuant to this Indenture. 
 (b) If a successor trustee is appointed under this Indenture
with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee, and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series will execute and deliver a supplemental indenture pursuant to
which each successor trustee accepts such appointment and which (i) contains such provisions as are necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts, and duties of the
retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (ii) contains such provisions as are deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers,
trusts, and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) adds to or changes any of the provisions
of this Indenture as are necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts under this Indenture by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing in this Indenture or in such supplemental indenture will constitute such
Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee will be trustee of a trust or trusts under this Indenture separate and apart from any trust or trusts under this Indenture administered by any
other such Trustee, and that no Trustee will be responsible for any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee. On the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee will become
effective to the extent provided in such supplemental indenture, such retiring Trustee will with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility for the
exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed, or conveyance, will become vested with all the rights,
powers, trusts, and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates. On request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee will duly
assign, transfer, and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and funds held by such retiring Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that or those series to
which the appointment of such successor trustee relates. 
 (c) On request of any such successor trustee, the Company will execute any
and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers, and trusts referred to in clause (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be. 

  
 33. 

 (d) No successor trustee will accept its appointment unless at the time of such
acceptance such successor trustee is qualified and eligible under this Article. 
 (e) On acceptance of appointment by a successor
trustee as provided in this Section, the Company will send notice of the succession of such trustee to the Securityholders. If the Company fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the
successor trustee will cause such notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company. 
 Section 7.12 Merger,
Conversion, Consolidation, or Succession to Business. 
 Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which
it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion, or consolidation to which the Trustee is a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business of the Trustee, including the
administration of the trust created by this Indenture, will be the successor of the Trustee under this Indenture, provided that such corporation will be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and eligible under the provisions of
Section 7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties to this Indenture, anything in this Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding. If any Securities have been authenticated, but not
delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion, or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor
Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities. 
 Section 7.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against the
Company. 
 The Trustee will comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in
Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed will be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included in such section. 

Section 7.14 Notice of Default.  

If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if such Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee
will send to each Securityholder in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act notice of the Event of Default within the earlier of 90 days after it occurs and 30 days after it is known to a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee or written notice of it is received by the Trustee, unless such Event of Default has been cured; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
interest on any Security, the Trustee will be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Securityholders. 

  
 34. 

 ARTICLE 8 

CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS 

Section 8.01 Evidence of Action by Securityholders. 

Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of a particular series may take any action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent, or waiver, or the taking of any other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders
of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined in such action may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders of Securities of that series in person or by agent or proxy
appointed in writing. 
 If the Company solicits from the Securityholders of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver, or other action, the Company may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officer’s Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, or other action, but the Company will have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, or other action may be
given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business on the record date will be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities
of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series will be computed as of the record date;
provided, however, that no such authorization, agreement, or consent by such Securityholders on the record date will be deemed effective unless it becomes effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after
the record date. 
 Section 8.02 Proof of Execution by Securityholders. 

Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, proof of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (which will not require
notarization) or his or her agent or proxy and proof of the holding by any Person of any of the Securities will be sufficient if made in the following manner: 

(a) The fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the
Trustee. 
 (b) The ownership of Securities will be proved by the Security Register or by a certificate of the Security Registrar, in
each case of such Securities. 
 The Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter referred to in this Section as it deems necessary. 

  
 35. 

 Section 8.03 Who May be Deemed Owners. 

Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent, and any Security
Registrar may deem and treat the Person in whose name such Security is registered on the books of the Security Registrar as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security is overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or
writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 2.03) interest on such Security and for all other purposes;
and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any Security Registrar will be affected by any notice to the contrary. 

Section 8.04 Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded. 

In determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any
direction, consent, or waiver under this Indenture, the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under
common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series will be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee is
protected in relying on any such direction, consent, or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so owned will be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as
Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly controlling or
controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. If there is a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken on the advice of counsel will be full protection to the Trustee. 

Section 8.05 Actions Binding on Future Securityholders. 

At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the
holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any holder of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be
included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and on proof of holding as provided in Section 8.02, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security. Except as
expressly provided in the prior sentence, any such action taken by the holder of any Security will be conclusive and binding on such holder and on all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange, on
registration of transfer, or in place of such Security, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard to such action is made on such Security. Any action taken by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action will be conclusively binding on the Company, the Trustee, and the holders of all the Securities of that series. 

  
 36. 

 ARTICLE 9 

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 

Section 9.01 Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders. 

In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time enter into
a supplemental indenture or indentures (which will conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without the consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes: 

(a) to cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series; 

(b) to comply with Article Ten; 

(c) to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities; 

(d) to add to the covenants, restrictions, conditions, or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or
any series of Securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions, or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants, restrictions, conditions, or provisions are expressly being
included solely for the benefit of such series), to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions, or provisions an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or
power conferred on the Company; 
 (e) to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the
authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication, and delivery of Securities; 
 (f) to make any change that does not
adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect; 
 (g) to provide for the issuance of and establish the
form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section 2.01, to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add to
the rights of the holders of any series of Securities; 
 (h) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor
trustee; or 
 (i) to comply with any requirements of the Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of this
Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act. 
 The Trustee is authorized to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental
indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be contained in such supplemental indenture, but the Trustee will not be obligated to enter into any supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee’s own
rights, duties, or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. 
  

  
 37. 

 Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section may be executed by
the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.02. 

Section 9.02 Supplemental Indentures With the Consent of Securityholders. 

With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 8.01) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to time enter into a supplemental indenture or indentures
(which will conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to, changing in any manner, or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of
modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.01 the rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no supplemental indenture will, without the consent of the holders of each
Security then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a) extend the fixed maturity of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount of such Securities, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest on such Securities,
or reduce any premium payable on the redemption of such Securities or (b) reduce the percentage of Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any such supplemental indenture. 

It will not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders of any series affected by such supplemental indenture under this Section to
approve the particular form of proposed supplemental indenture, but will be sufficient if such consent approves the substance of such supplemental indenture. 

Section 9.03 Effect of Supplemental Indentures. 

On the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or Section 10.01, this Indenture will, with
respect to such series, be modified and amended in accordance with such supplemental indenture and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties, and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company, and the holders of
Securities of the series affected thereby will thereafter be determined, exercised, and enforced subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of such supplemental indenture will be part of the terms
and conditions of this Indenture for all purposes. 
 Section 9.04 Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures.

 Securities of any series affected by a supplemental indenture, authenticated, and delivered after the execution of such supplemental
indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or Section 10.01, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities exchange on which such series may be listed, as to
any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company determines, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture contained in any such
supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee, and delivered in exchange for the Securities of that series then Outstanding. 

  
 38. 

 Section 9.05 Execution of Supplemental Indentures. 

On the request of the Company, accompanied by Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of such supplemental indenture, and on the filing
with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders required to consent to such supplemental indenture, the Trustee will join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the
Trustee’s own rights, duties, or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but will not be obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of
Section 7.01, will receive an Officer’s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article is authorized or permitted by the terms of this Article and that all
conditions precedent to the execution of the supplemental indenture have been complied with; provided, however, that such Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in connection with the execution of a supplemental
indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 . 
 Promptly after the execution by the
Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Company will (or will direct the Trustee to) send a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the
Securityholders of all series affected thereby as their names and addresses appear on the Security Register. Any failure of the Company to send, or cause the sending of, such notice, or any defect in such notice, will not in any way impair or affect
the validity of any such supplemental indenture. 
 ARTICLE 10 

SUCCESSOR ENTITY 

Section 10.01 Company May Consolidate, Etc. 

Nothing contained in this Indenture will prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person (whether or not
affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors are a party or parties, or will prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer, or other disposition of the property of the Company or
its successor or successors as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company or its successor or successors); provided, however, the Company agrees that, on any such
consolidation or merger (in each case, if the Company is not the survivor of such transaction) or any such sale, conveyance, transfer, or other disposition (other than a sale, conveyance, transfer, or other disposition to a Subsidiary of the
Company), the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on all of the Securities of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and
observance of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant to Section 2.01 to be kept or performed by the Company will be expressly assumed, by supplemental
indenture (which will conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) reasonably satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and delivered to the Trustee by the entity formed by such consolidation, or into which the Company
has been merged, or by the entity which has acquired such property. 

  
 39. 

 Section 10.02 Successor Entity Substituted. 

(a) If any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer, or other disposition occurs, and on the assumption by the successor
entity by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations set forth under Section 10.01 on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity will
succeed to and be substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company in this Indenture, and the predecessor corporation will be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

 (b) If any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer, or other disposition occurs, such changes in phraseology and
form (but not in substance) may be made in the Securities subsequently to be issued as may be appropriate. 
 (c) Nothing contained in
this Article will require any action by the Company if a consolidation or merger of any Person into the Company occurs, where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the Company acquires, by purchase or otherwise, all or any part of the
property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company). 
 ARTICLE 11 

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE 

Section 11.01 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. 

If at any time: 

(a) (i) the Company has delivered to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series previously authenticated and
not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (other than any Securities that have been destroyed, lost, or stolen and that have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.07 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental
Obligations have been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 11.05); or (ii) all such Securities of a particular series not
previously delivered to the Trustee for cancellation have become due and payable, or by their terms will become due and payable within one year or will be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the
giving of notice of redemption, 
 (b) the Company deposits or causes to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire
amount in money or Governmental Obligations or a combination, sufficient (in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification delivered to the Trustee) to pay at maturity or on
redemption all Securities of that series not previously delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be,
and 

  
 40. 

 (c) the Company pays or causes to be paid all other funds payable under this
Indenture with respect to such series by the Company 
 (i) then this Indenture will cease to be of further effect with respect to
such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03, 7.10, 11.05, and 13.04, which will survive until the date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, which will survive
indefinitely, and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company, will execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series. 

Section 11.02 Discharge of Obligations. 

If at any time all Securities of a particular series not previously delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due and
payable as described in Section 11.01 have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds money or Governmental Obligations sufficient to pay, at maturity or on redemption, all such Securities of that series
not previously delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company also pays or causes
to be paid all other funds payable under this Indenture by the Company with respect to such series, then, after the date such money or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are deposited with the Trustee, the obligations of the Company under
this Indenture with respect to such series will cease to be of further effect except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4,01, 4.02, 4,03, 7.06, 7.10, 11.05, and 13.04, which will survive until such Securities mature and are paid, and
Sections 7.06 and 11.05, which will survive indefinitely. 
 Section 11.03 Deposited Funds to be Held in Trust.

 All money or Governmental Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 will be held in trust and will be
available for payment as due, either directly or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular series of Securities for the payment or redemption of which such money or Governmental
Obligations were deposited with the Trustee. 
 Section 11.04 Payment of Funds Held by Paying Agents. 

In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, all money or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under
the provisions of this Indenture will, on demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and such paying agent will then be released from all further liability with respect to such money or Governmental Obligations. 

  
 41. 

 Section 11.05 Repayment to Company. 

Any money or Governmental Obligations deposited with any paying agent or the Trustee, or held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal
of or premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for at least two years after the date on which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest
on such Securities have respectively become due and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, will be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or on the Company’s
request or (if held by the Company) will be discharged from such trust; and the paying agent and the Trustee will then be released from all further liability with respect to such money or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the
Securities entitled to receive such payment will then, as a general creditor, look only to the Company for payment. 
 ARTICLE 12 

IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS, AND DIRECTORS 

Section 12.01 No Recourse. 

No recourse under or on any obligation, covenant, or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based on or otherwise in
respect of this Indenture, will be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer, or director (in each case, past, present, or future) of the Company or any predecessor or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any
such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute, or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued
under this Indenture are solely corporate obligations, and that no personal liability will attach to, or is or will be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers, or directors of the Company or of any predecessor or successor
corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness authorized by this Indenture, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants, or agreements contained in or implied by this Indenture or in any of the Securities; and that
any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer, or director, because of
the creation of the indebtedness authorized by this Indenture, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants, or agreements contained in or implied by this Indenture or in any of the Securities, are expressly waived and released as a condition
of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities. 

  
 42. 

 ARTICLE 13 

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 

Section 13.01 Effect on Successors and Assigns. 

All the covenants, stipulations, promises, and agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company will bind its successors and
assigns. 
 Section 13.02 Actions by Successor. 

Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee, or officer of
the Company will and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee, or officer of any corporation that at the time is the lawful successor of the Company. 

Section 13.03 Surrender of Company Powers. 

The Company may surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company by instrument in writing executed by authority of its Board of Directors
and delivered to the Trustee, and such surrendered power surrendered will then terminate as to both the Company and any successor corporation. 

Section 13.04 Notices. 

Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture, any notice, request, or demand that is required or permitted to be given, made, or
served by the Trustee, the Security Registrar, any paying or other agent under this Indenture, the holders of Securities, or any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or served by being deposited in first class
mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company with the Trustee), as follows: Snap Inc., 2772 Donald Douglas Loop North, Santa Monica, CA 90405, Attn: Secretary. Any notice, election, request, or demand by
the Company, any Securityholder, or any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Trustee will be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.

 Section 13.05 Governing Law; Jury Trial Waiver. 

This Indenture and each Security will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, except to
the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable. 
 EACH PARTY TO THIS INDENTURE, AND EACH HOLDER OF A SECURITY BY ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH
SECURITY, WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF, UNDER, OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS INDENTURE. 

  
 43. 

 Section 13.06 Treatment of Securities as Debt. 

It is intended that the Securities will be treated as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this
Indenture will be interpreted to further this intention. 
 Section 13.07 Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions
Precedent. 
 (a) On any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this
Indenture, the Company will furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture (other than the certificate to be delivered pursuant to Section 13.12) relating to the
proposed action have been complied with and, if requested, an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which
the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished. 

(b) Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition
or covenant in this Indenture (other than the certificate to be delivered pursuant to Section 13.12 (or Section 314(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act)) will include (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has
read such covenant or condition; (ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation on which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the
opinion of such Person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is reasonably necessary to enable him or her to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (iv) a
statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with. 

Section 13.08 Payments on Business Days. 

Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established
in one or more supplemental indentures, if the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of any Security is not a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the
next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest will accrue for the period after such nominal date. 

Section 13.09 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act. 

If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with the duties imposed by Section 318(c) of the
Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties will control. 
 Section 13.10 Counterparts. 

This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which will be an original, and such counterparts together will constitute
one instrument. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and signature pages by facsimile or PDF transmission will constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties to this Indenture and may be used in lieu of the
original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties to this Indenture transmitted by facsimile or PDF will be deemed to be original signatures for all purposes. 

  
 44. 

 Section 13.11 Separability. 

If any one or more of the provisions contained in this Indenture or the Securities of any series are for any reason held to be invalid,
illegal, or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality, or unenforceability will not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities will be construed as if such invalid or
illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained in this Indenture or such Securities, as applicable. 

Section 13.12 Compliance Certificates. 

The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, an
officer’s certificate stating whether or not the signers know of any Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such certificate will contain a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer, or
principal accounting officer of the Company that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company’s performance under this Indenture and that the Company has complied with all conditions and covenants under this
Indenture. For purposes of this Section 13.12, such compliance will be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. If the officer of the Company signing such certificate has knowledge
of such an Event of Default, the certificate will describe such Event of Default and its status. 
 Section 13.13
U.S.A Patriot Act. 
 The parties to this Indenture acknowledge that in accordance with Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee, like all
financial institutions and in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account
with the Trustee. The parties to this Indenture agree that they will provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot Act. 

Section 13.14 Force Majeure. 

In no event will the Trustee, the Security Registrar, any paying agent, or any other agent under this Indenture be responsible or liable for any failure or
delay in the performance of its obligations under this Indenture arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances,
nuclear or natural catastrophes, or acts of God, and interruptions, loss, or malfunctions of utilities, communications, or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee, the Security Registrar, any paying agent, or
any other agent under this Indenture will use reasonable efforts consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances. 

  
 45. 

 Section 13.15 Table of Contents; Headings. 

The table of contents and headings of the articles and sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not
intended to be considered a part of this Indenture and will not modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions of this Indenture. 

  
 46. 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the
parties have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first written above. 
  

			
	SNAP INC.
		
	By:	 	  

	Name:	 	  

	Title:	 	  

	
	[TRUSTEE], as Trustee
		
	By:	 	  

	Name:	 	  

	Title:	 	  

  
 47. 

 CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE (1) 
  

			
	 Section of Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as Amended
	  	Section of Indenture
	 310(a)
	  	7.09
	 310(b)
	  	7.08
	 	  	7.10
	 310(c)
	  	Inapplicable
	 311(a)
	  	7.13
	 311(b)
	  	7.13
	 311(c)
	  	Inapplicable
	 312(a)
	  	5.01
	 	  	5.02(a)
	 312(b)
	  	5.02(c)
	 312(c)
	  	5.02(c)
	 313(a)
	  	5.04(a)
	 313(b)
	  	5.04(b)
	 313(c)
	  	5.04(a)
	 	  	5.04(b)
	 313(d)
	  	5.04(c)
	 314(a)
	  	5.03
	 	  	13.12
	 314(b)
	  	Inapplicable
	 314(c)
	  	13.07(a)
	 314(d)
	  	Inapplicable
	 314(e)
	  	13.07(b)
	 314(f)
	  	Inapplicable
	 315(a)
	  	7.01(a)
	 	  	7.01(b)
	 315(b)
	  	7.14
	 315(c)
	  	7.01
	 315(d)
	  	7.01(b)
	 315(e)
	  	6.07
	 316(a)
	  	6.06
	 	  	8.04
	 316(b)
	  	6.04
	 316(c)
	  	8.01
	 317(a)
	  	6.02
	 317(b)
	  	4.03
	 318(a)
	  	13.09

  
  

	(1)	 This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of the Indenture and will not have any bearing on the
interpretation of any of its terms or provisions. 

  
 48.EX-4.8

 Exhibit 4.8 

SNAP INC. 
 AND 

, AS WARRANT AGENT 

FORM OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK 

WARRANT AGREEMENT 
 DATED
AS OF [•], 20 

 SNAP INC. 

FORM OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK WARRANT AGREEMENT 

THIS CLASS A COMMON STOCK WARRANT AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of [•], between SNAP INC.,
a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and [•], a [corporation] [national banking association] organized and existing under the laws of [•] and having a corporate trust office in [•], as warrant agent (the
“Warrant Agent”). 
 WHEREAS, the Company proposes to sell [If Warrants are sold with other securities
—[title of other securities being offered] (the “Other Securities”) with] warrant certificates evidencing one or more warrants (the “Warrants” or, individually, a
“Warrant”) representing the right to purchase Class A Common Stock of the Company, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Warrant Securities”), the warrant certificates and other warrant certificates
issued pursuant to this Agreement are herein called the “Warrant Certificates”; and 
 WHEREAS, the Company
desires the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing to act, in connection with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange, exercise and replacement of the Warrant Certificates, and the Company wishes to
set forth in this Agreement, among other things, the form and provisions of the Warrant Certificates and the terms and conditions on which they may be issued, registered, transferred, exchanged, exercised and replaced. 

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and of the mutual agreements contained in this Agreement, the parties agree as follows:

 ARTICLE 1 

ISSUANCE OF WARRANTS AND EXECUTION AND 

DELIVERY OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES 

1.1 Issuance of Warrants. [If Warrants alone — Upon issuance, each Warrant Certificate will evidence one or more
Warrants.] [If Other Securities and Warrants — Warrant Certificates will be issued in connection with the issuance of the Other Securities but will be separately transferable and each Warrant Certificate will evidence one or more
Warrants.] Each Warrant evidenced by a Warrant Certificate will represent the right, subject to the provisions contained in this Agreement and in such Warrant Certificate, to purchase one Warrant Security. [If Other Securities and
Warrants — Warrant Certificates will be issued with the Other Securities and each Warrant Certificate will evidence [•] Warrants for each [$[•] principal amount] [[•] shares] of Other Securities
issued.]  
 1.2 Execution and Delivery of Warrant Certificates. Each Warrant Certificate, whenever issued, will be
in registered form substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A hereto, will be dated the date of its countersignature by the Warrant Agent and may have letters, numbers, or other marks of identification or designation and legends or
endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved on it, as the officers of the Company executing the Warrant Certificate 

  
 1. 

 
may approve (execution of the Warrant Certificate to be conclusive evidence of such approval) and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to comply
with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant to it or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange on which the Warrants may be listed, or to conform to usage. The Warrant Certificates will be signed on behalf of the Company
by any of its present or future chief executive officers, presidents, senior vice presidents, vice presidents, chief financial officers, chief legal officers, treasurers, assistant treasurers, controllers, assistant controllers, secretaries or
assistant secretaries under its corporate seal reproduced on it. The signatures may be manual or facsimile signatures of such authorized officers and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Warrant Certificates. The seal of the Company may
be in the form of a facsimile and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Warrant Certificates. 
 No Warrant
Certificate will be valid for any purpose, and no Warrant evidenced by it will be exercisable, until such Warrant Certificate has been countersigned by the manual signature of the Warrant Agent. The signature of the Warrant Agent on any Warrant
Certificate executed by the Company will be conclusive evidence that the countersigned Warrant Certificate has been duly issued under this Agreement. 

In case any officer of the Company who signed any of the Warrant Certificates either manually or by facsimile signature ceases to be an
officer before the Warrant Certificates have been countersigned and delivered by the Warrant Agent, the Warrant Certificates may be countersigned and delivered notwithstanding that the person who signed such Warrant Certificates ceased to be an
officer of the Company; and any Warrant Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by such persons, at the actual date of the execution of such Warrant Certificate, who are the proper officers of the Company, although at the date of the
execution of this Agreement any such person was not such officer. 
 The term “holder” or “holder of a
Warrant Certificate” as used in this Agreement will mean any person in whose name at the time any Warrant Certificate is registered on the books maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose.  

1.3 Issuance of Warrant Certificates. Warrant Certificates evidencing the right to purchase Warrant Securities may be executed by the
Company and delivered to the Warrant Agent on the execution of this Agreement or from time to time thereafter. The Warrant Agent will, upon receipt of Warrant Certificates duly executed on behalf of the Company, countersign the Warrant Certificates
and deliver the Warrant Certificates to, or upon the order of, the Company. 
 ARTICLE 2 

WARRANT PRICE, DURATION AND EXERCISE OF WARRANTS 

2.1 Warrant Price. During the period specified in Section 2.2, each Warrant will, subject to the terms of this
Agreement and the applicable Warrant Certificate, entitle the holder of the Warrant Certificate to purchase the number of Warrant Securities specified in the applicable Warrant Certificate at an exercise price of $[•] per Warrant Security,
subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, as provided in this Agreement. Such purchase price per Warrant Security is referred to in this Agreement as the “Warrant Price.”  

  
 2. 

 2.2 Duration of Warrants. Each Warrant may be exercised in whole or in part at any
time, as specified herein, on or after [the date thereof] [•] and at or before [•] p.m., [City] time, on [•] or such later date as the Company may designate by notice to the Warrant Agent and the holders of Warrant Certificates mailed
to their addresses as set forth in the record books of the Warrant Agent (the “Expiration Date”). Each Warrant not exercised at or before [•] p.m., [City] time, on the Expiration Date will become void, and all rights of
the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant under this Agreement will cease.  
 2.3 Exercise of
Warrants. 
 (a) During the period specified in Section 2.2, the Warrants may be exercised to purchase a whole number of
Warrant Securities in registered form by providing certain information as set forth on the reverse side of the Warrant Certificate and by paying in full, in lawful funds of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official
bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds] the Warrant Price for each Warrant Security with respect to which a Warrant is being exercised to the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office,
provided that such exercise is subject to receipt within five business days of such payment by the Warrant Agent of the Warrant Certificate with the form of election to purchase Warrant Securities set forth on the reverse side of the Warrant
Certificate properly completed and duly executed. The date on which payment in full of the Warrant Price is received by the Warrant Agent will, subject to receipt of the Warrant Certificate, be deemed to be the date on which the Warrant is
exercised; except that if, at the date of receipt of such Warrant Certificates and payment in full of the Warrant Price, the transfer books for the Warrant Securities purchasable on the exercise of such Warrants will be closed, no receipt of such
Warrant Certificates and no payment of such Warrant Price will be effective to name the designated person as the holder of record of such Warrant Securities on such date, but will be effective to constitute such person as the holder of record of
such Warrant Securities for all purposes at the opening of business on the next succeeding day on which the transfer books for the Warrant Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants will be opened, and the certificates for the Warrant
Securities in respect of which such Warrants are then exercised will be issuable as of the next succeeding day on which the transfer books will be opened, and until such date the Company will be under no duty to deliver any certificate for such
Warrant Securities. The Warrant Agent will deposit all funds received by it in payment of the Warrant Price in an account of the Company maintained with it and will advise the Company by telephone at the end of each day on which a payment for the
exercise of Warrants is received of the amount so deposited to its account. The Warrant Agent will promptly confirm such telephone advice to the Company in writing.  

(b) The Warrant Agent will, from time to time, as promptly as practicable, advise the Company of (i) the number of Warrant
Securities with respect to which Warrants were exercised, (ii) the instructions of each holder of the Warrant Certificates evidencing Warrants with respect to delivery of the Warrant Securities to which each holder is entitled upon exercise,
(iii) delivery of Warrant Certificates evidencing the balance, if any, of the Warrants for the remaining Warrant Securities after exercise, and (iv) any other information as the Company will reasonably require.  

  
 3. 

 (c) As soon as practicable after the exercise of any Warrant, the Company will issue,
to or on the order of the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant, the Warrant Securities to which the holder is entitled, in fully registered form, registered in the name or names as directed by the holder. If fewer than all of
the Warrants evidenced by the Warrant Certificate are exercised, the Company will execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent will manually countersign and deliver, a new Warrant Certificate evidencing Warrants for the number of Warrant
Securities remaining unexercised.  
 (d) The Company will not be required to pay any stamp or other tax or other
governmental charge required to be paid in connection with any transfer involved in the issue of the Warrant Securities, and in the event that any such transfer is involved, the Company will not be required to issue or deliver any Warrant Security
until the tax or other charge has been paid or it has been established to the Company’s satisfaction that no such tax or other charge is due.  

(e) Prior to the issuance of any Warrants there must be a reserve, and the Company will at all times through the Expiration Date keep
reserved, out of its authorized but unissued Warrant Securities, a number of shares sufficient to provide for the exercise of the Warrants.  

ARTICLE 3 
 OTHER
PROVISIONS RELATING TO RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF 
 WARRANT CERTIFICATES 

3.1 No Rights as Warrant Securityholder Conferred by Warrants or Warrant Certificates. No Warrant Certificate or Warrant evidenced by a
Warrant Certificate will entitle the holder to any of the rights of a holder of Warrant Securities, including, without limitation, the right to receive the payment of dividends or distributions, if any, on the Warrant Securities or to exercise any
voting rights, except to the extent expressly set forth in this Agreement or the applicable Warrant Certificate. 
 3.2 Lost, Stolen,
Mutilated or Destroyed Warrant Certificates. Upon receipt by the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it and the Company of the ownership of and the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any Warrant Certificate or indemnity
reasonably satisfactory to the Warrant Agent and the Company and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender of the mutilated Warrant Certificate to the Warrant Agent for cancellation, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Warrant
Agent that such Warrant Certificate has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company will execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent will manually countersign and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of the lost, stolen, destroyed
or mutilated Warrant Certificate, a new Warrant Certificate of the same tenor and evidencing Warrants for a like number of Warrant Securities. Upon the issuance of any new Warrant Certificate under this Section 3.2, the Company may require the
payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation to the new issuance and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Warrant Agent) in connection therewith. Every substitute
Warrant Certificate executed and delivered pursuant to 

  
 4. 

 
this Section 3.2 in lieu of any lost, stolen or destroyed Warrant Certificate will represent an additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificate will be at any time enforceable by anyone, and will be entitled to the benefits of this Agreement equally and proportionately with any and all other Warrant Certificates duly executed and delivered hereunder. The provisions of
this Section 3.2 are exclusive and will preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement of mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed Warrant Certificates.  

3.3 Holder of Warrant Certificate May Enforce Rights. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement, any holder of a
Warrant Certificate, without the consent of the Warrant Agent, the holder of any Warrant Securities or the holder of any other Warrant Certificate, may, in such holder’s own behalf and for such holder’s own benefit, enforce, and may
institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding against the Company suitable to enforce, or otherwise in respect of, each holder’s right to exercise the Warrants evidenced by the holder’s Warrant Certificate in the manner provided in
the holder’s Warrant Certificate and in this Agreement.  
 3.4 Adjustments.

(a) In case the Company will at any time subdivide its outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock into a greater number of shares,
the Warrant Price in effect immediately prior to such subdivision will be proportionately reduced and the number of Warrant Securities purchasable under the Warrants will be proportionately increased. Conversely, in case the outstanding shares of
Class A Common Stock of the Company will be combined into a smaller number of shares, the Warrant Price in effect immediately prior to such combination will be proportionately increased and the number of Warrant Securities purchasable under the
Warrants will be proportionately decreased. 
 (b) If at any time or from time to time the holders of Class A Common Stock (or
any shares of stock or other securities at the time receivable upon the exercise of the Warrants) will have received or become entitled to receive, without payment, 

(i) Class A Common Stock or any shares of stock or other securities which are at any time directly or indirectly convertible into
or exchangeable for Class A Common Stock, or any rights or options to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire any of the foregoing by way of dividend or other distribution; 

(ii) any cash paid or payable otherwise than as a cash dividend paid or payable out of the Company’s current or retained earnings;

 (iii) any evidence of the Company’s indebtedness or rights to subscribe for or purchase the Company’s indebtedness; or

 (iv) Class A Common Stock or additional stock or other securities or property (including cash) by way of spinoff, split-up, reclassification, combination of shares or similar corporate rearrangement (other than shares of Class A Common Stock issued as a stock split or adjustments in respect of which will be covered by the
terms of Section 3.4(a) above), then and 

  
 5. 

 
in each such case, the holder of each Warrant will, on the exercise of the Warrant, be entitled to receive, in addition to the number of Warrant Securities receivable, and without payment of any
additional consideration, the amount of stock and other securities and property (including cash and indebtedness or rights to subscribe for or purchase indebtedness) which a holder would hold on the date of exercise had he been the holder of record
of Warrant Securities as of the date on which holders of Class A Common Stock received or became entitled to receive shares or all other additional stock and other securities and property. 

(c) In case of (i) any reclassification, capital reorganization, or change in the Class A Common Stock of the Company (other
than as a result of a subdivision, combination, or stock dividend provided for in Section 3.4(a) or Section 3.4(b) above), (ii) share exchange, merger or similar transaction of the Company with or into another person or entity (other than
a share exchange, merger or similar transaction in which the Company is the acquiring or surviving corporation and which does not result in any change in the Class A Common Stock other than the issuance of additional shares of Class A
Common Stock) or (iii) the sale, exchange, lease, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company as an entirety (in any such case, a “Reorganization Event”), then,
as a condition of such Reorganization Event, lawful provisions will be made, and duly executed documents evidencing the same from the Company or its successor will be delivered to the holders of the Warrants, so that the holders of the Warrants will
have the right at any time prior to the expiration of the Warrants to purchase, at a total price equal to that payable on the exercise of the Warrants, the kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities and property receivable in connection
with a Reorganization Event by a holder of the same number of Warrant Securities as were purchasable by the holders of the Warrants immediately prior to such Reorganization Event. In this case, appropriate provisions will be made with respect to the
rights and interests of the holders of the Warrants so that the provisions of this Agreement will be applicable with respect to any shares of stock or other securities and property deliverable upon exercise the Warrants, and appropriate adjustments
will be made to the Warrant Price payable under this Agreement if the aggregate purchase price will remain the same. In the case of any transaction described in clauses (ii) and (iii) above, the Company will be relieved of any further
obligation under this Agreement or under the Warrants, and the Company as the predecessor corporation may or at any time after be dissolved, wound up or liquidated. Such successor or assuming entity may cause to be signed, and may issue either in
its own name or in the name of the Company, any or all of the Warrants issuable under this Agreement which previously will not have been signed by the Company, and may execute and deliver securities in its own name, in fulfillment of its obligations
to deliver Warrant Securities upon exercise of the Warrants. All issued Warrants so will have, in all respects, the same legal rank and benefit under this Agreement as the Warrants issued before or after in accordance with the terms of this
Agreement as though all of such Warrants had been issued at the date of the execution of this Agreement. In the case of any such Reorganization Event, changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the Warrants to be issued as
may be appropriate. The Warrant Agent may receive a written opinion of legal counsel as conclusive evidence that the Reorganization Event complies with the provisions of this Section 3.4. 

  
 6. 

 (d) The Company may, at its option, at any time until the Expiration Date, reduce the
then current Warrant Price to any amount deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors of the Company for any period not exceeding twenty consecutive days (as evidenced in a resolution adopted by such Board of Directors), but only after giving the
notices required by Section 3.5 at least ten days prior to taking such action. 
 (e) Except as otherwise expressly provided in
this Agreement, no adjustment in the Warrant Price will be made by reason of the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Class A Common Stock, or securities carrying the
right to purchase any of the foregoing or for any other reason whatsoever. 
 (f) No fractional Warrant Securities will be issued upon
the exercise of Warrants. If more than one Warrant is exercised at one time by the same holder, the number of full Warrant Securities that will be issuable upon exercise will be computed on the basis of the aggregate number of Warrant Securities
purchased pursuant to the exercised Warrants. Instead of any fractional Warrant Security that would otherwise be issuable upon exercise of any Warrant, the Company will pay a cash adjustment in respect of such fraction in an amount equal to the same
fraction of the last reported sale price (or bid price if there were no sales) per Warrant Security, in either case as reported on the principal registered national securities exchange on which the Warrant Securities are listed or admitted to
trading on the business day before the day of exercise or, if the Warrant Securities are not then listed or admitted to trading on any registered national securities exchange, the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on
the OTC Bulletin Board Service (the “OTC Bulletin Board”) operated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) or, if not available on the OTC Bulletin Board, then the average of the
closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on any other U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system on such date, or if on any such date the Warrant Securities are not listed or admitted to trading on a registered national
securities exchange, are not included in the OTC Bulletin Board, and are not quoted on any other U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system, an amount equal to the same fraction of the average of the closing bid and asked prices as
furnished by any FINRA member firm selected from time to time by the Company for that purpose at the close of business on the business day before the day of exercise. 

(g) Whenever the Warrant Price then in effect is adjusted as herein provided, the Company will mail to each holder of the Warrants at
such holder’s address as it will appear on the books of the Company a statement setting forth the adjusted Warrant Price then and thereafter effective under the provisions hereof, together with the facts, in reasonable detail, upon which such
adjustment is based. 
 (h) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, in no event will the Warrant Price, as adjusted in
accordance with the terms hereof, be less than the par value per share of Common Stock. 
 3.5 Notice to Warrantholders. In case the
Company (a) effects any dividend or distribution described in Section 3.4(b), (b) effects any Reorganization Event, (c) makes any distribution on or in respect of the Class A Common Stock in connection with the dissolution,
liquidation or winding up of the Company, or (d) reduces the then current Warrant Price pursuant to Section 3.4(d), then the Company will mail to each holder of Warrants at each holder’s address as it appears on the books of the
Warrant Agent, at least ten days prior to the applicable 

  
 7. 

 
date specified below, a notice stating (x) the record date for such dividend or distribution, or, if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of record of Class A
Common Stock that will be entitled to such dividend or distribution are to be determined, (y) the date on which such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding up is expected to become effective, and the date as of which it is
expected that holders of Class A Common Stock of record will be entitled to exchange their shares of Class A Common Stock for securities or other property deliverable upon such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding up,
or (z) the first date on which the then current Warrant Price will be reduced pursuant to Section 3.4(d). No failure to mail such notice nor any defect in the notice or in the mailing will affect any transaction or any adjustment in the
Warrant Price required by Section 3.4. 
 3.6 [If the Warrants are Subject to Acceleration by the Company,
Insert — Acceleration of Warrants by the Company.  
 (a) At any time on or after [•], the
Company will have the right to accelerate any or all Warrants at any time by causing them to expire at the close of business on the day immediately before a specified date (the “Acceleration Date”), if the Market Price (as
hereinafter defined) of the Class A Common Stock equals or exceeds [•] percent ([•]%) of the then effective Warrant Price on any twenty Trading Days (as defined below) within a period of thirty consecutive Trading Days ending no more
than five Trading Days prior to the date on which the Company gives notice to the Warrant Agent of its election to accelerate the Warrants. 

(b) “Market Price” for each Trading Day will be, if the Class A Common Stock is listed or admitted to
trading on any registered national securities exchange, the last reported sale price, regular way (or, if no such price is reported, the average of the reported closing bid and asked prices, regular way) of Class A Common Stock, in either case
as reported on the principal registered national securities exchange on which the Class A Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading or, if not listed or admitted to trading on any registered national securities exchange, the average of the
closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on the OTC Bulletin Board operated by FINRA, or if not available on the OTC Bulletin Board, then the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on any other U.S. quotation
medium or inter-dealer quotation system, or if on any such date the shares of Class A Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on a registered national securities exchange, are not included in the OTC Bulletin Board, and are not
quoted on any other U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by any FINRA member firm selected from time to time by the Company for that purpose. “Trading
Day” will be each Monday through Friday, other than any day on which securities are not traded in the system or on the exchange that is the principal market for the Class A Common Stock, as determined by the Board of Directors of
the Company. 
 (c) In the event of an acceleration of less than all of the Warrants, the Warrant Agent will select the Warrants to be
accelerated by lot, pro rata or in such other manner as it deems, in its discretion, to be fair and appropriate. 

  
 8. 

 (d) Notice of an acceleration specifying the Acceleration Date will be sent by mail
first class, postage prepaid, to each registered holder of a Warrant Certificate representing an accelerated Warrant at each holder’s address on the books of the Warrant Agent not more than sixty days nor less than thirty days before the
Acceleration Date. Such notice of an acceleration also must be given no more than twenty days, and no less than ten days, prior to the mailing of notice to registered holders of Warrants pursuant to this Section 3.6, by publication at least
once in a newspaper of general circulation in the City of New York. 
 (e) Any accelerated Warrant may be exercised until [•]
p.m., [City] time, on the business day immediately before the Acceleration Date. The Warrant Price will be payable as provided in Section 2.] 

ARTICLE 4 
 EXCHANGE AND
TRANSFER OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES 
 4.1 Exchange and Transfer of Warrant Certificates. Upon surrender at the
corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent, Warrant Certificates evidencing Warrants may be exchanged for Warrant Certificates in other denominations evidencing the Warrants or the transfer of the Warrants may be registered in whole or in part; as
long as the other Warrant Certificates evidence Warrants for the same aggregate number of Warrant Securities as the Warrant Certificates surrendered. The Warrant Agent will keep, at its corporate trust office, books in which, subject to such
reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, it will register Warrant Certificates and exchanges and transfers of outstanding Warrant Certificates, on surrender of the Warrant Certificates to the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office for
exchange or registration of transfer, properly endorsed or accompanied by appropriate instruments of registration of transfer and written instructions for transfer, all in form satisfactory to the Company and the Warrant Agent. There will be no
service charge for any exchange or registration of transfer of Warrant Certificates, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any stamp or other tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with the
exchange or registration of transfer. Whenever Warrant Certificates are surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent will manually countersign and deliver to the person or persons entitled to it, a
Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates duly authorized and executed by the Company, as so requested. The Warrant Agent will not be required to effect any exchange or registration of transfer which will result in the issuance of a Warrant
Certificate evidencing a Warrant for a fraction of a Warrant Security or a number of Warrants for a whole number of Warrant Securities and a fraction of a Warrant Security. All Warrant Certificates issued upon any exchange or registration of
transfer of Warrant Certificates will be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same obligations and entitled to the same benefits under this Agreement as the Warrant Certificate surrendered for such exchange or registration of
transfer. 
 4.2 Treatment of Holders of Warrant Certificates. The Company, the Warrant Agent and all other persons may
treat the registered holder of a Warrant Certificate as the absolute owner of the Warrant Certificate for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights represented by the Warrants evidenced thereby, any notice to the contrary
notwithstanding. 

  
 9. 

 4.3 Cancellation of Warrant Certificates. Any Warrant Certificate
surrendered for exchange, registration of transfer or exercise of the Warrants evidenced by the Warrant Certificate will, if surrendered to the Company, be delivered to the Warrant Agent and all Warrant Certificates surrendered or so delivered to
the Warrant Agent will be promptly canceled by the Warrant Agent and will not be reissued and, except as expressly permitted by this Agreement, no Warrant Certificate will be issued under this Agreement in exchange for a Warrant Certificate or in
lieu of it. The Warrant Agent will deliver to the Company from time to time or otherwise dispose of canceled Warrant Certificates in a manner satisfactory to the Company. 

ARTICLE 5 
 CONCERNING
THE WARRANT AGENT 
 5.1 Warrant Agent. The Company hereby appoints [•] as Warrant Agent of the Company in
respect of the Warrants and the Warrant Certificates upon the terms and subject to the conditions herein set forth, and [•] hereby accepts such appointment. The Warrant Agent has the powers and authority granted to and conferred upon it in the
Warrant Certificates and by this Agreement and further powers and authority to act on behalf of the Company as the Company may later grant or confer upon it. All of the terms and provisions with respect to the powers and authority contained in the
Warrant Certificates are subject to and governed by the terms and provisions of this Agreement. 
 5.2 Conditions of Warrant Agent’s
Obligations. The Warrant Agent accepts its obligations set forth upon the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including the following, all of which the Company agrees to and which the rights of the holders from time to time of
the Warrant Certificates under this Agreement will be subject: 
 (a) Compensation and Indemnification. The Company agrees
to promptly pay the Warrant Agent the compensation to be agreed upon with the Company for all services rendered by the Warrant Agent and to reimburse the Warrant Agent for reasonable
out-of-pocket expenses (including reasonable counsel fees) incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct by the Warrant Agent in connection with the
services rendered by the Warrant Agent under this Agreement. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Warrant Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on
the part of the Warrant Agent, arising out of or in connection with its acting as Warrant Agent, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending against any claim of such liability. 

(b) Agent for The Company. In acting under this Agreement and in connection with the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent
is acting solely as agent of the Company and does not assume any obligations or relationship of agency or trust for or with any of the holders of Warrant Certificates or beneficial owners of Warrants. 

(c) Counsel. The Warrant Agent may consult with counsel satisfactory to it, which may include counsel for the Company, and
the written advice of such counsel will be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it under this Agreement in good faith and in accordance with the advice of such counsel. 

  
 10. 

 (d) Documents. The Warrant Agent will be protected and will not incur
liability for or in respect of any action taken or omitted by it in reliance upon any Warrant Certificate, notice, direction, consent, certificate, affidavit, statement or other paper or document reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have
been presented or signed by the proper parties. 
 (e) Certain Transactions. The Warrant Agent, and its officers,
directors and employees, may become the owner of, or acquire any interest in, Warrants, with the same rights that it or they would have if it were not the Warrant Agent, and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, it or they may engage or be
interested in any financial or other transaction with the Company and may act on, or as depositary, trustee or agent for, any committee or body of holders of Warrant Securities or other obligations of the Company as freely as if it were not the
Warrant Agent. Nothing in this Agreement will be deemed to prevent the Warrant Agent from acting as trustee under any indenture to which the Company is a party. 

(f) No Liability for Interest. Unless otherwise agreed with the Company, the Warrant Agent will not be liable for interest on any
funds at any time received by it pursuant to any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Warrant Certificates. 
 (g) No Liability
for Invalidity. The Warrant Agent is not liable with respect to any invalidity of this Agreement or any of the Warrant Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent’s countersignature thereon). 

(h) No Responsibility for Representations. The Warrant Agent is not responsible for any of the recitals or representations
in this Agreement or in the Warrant Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent’s countersignature), all of which are made solely by the Company. 

(i) No Implied Obligations. The Warrant Agent is obligated to perform only the duties specifically set forth under this
Agreement and in the Warrant Certificates. There are no implied duties or obligations of the Warrant Agent under this Agreement or the Warrant Certificates. The Warrant Agent is not under any obligation to take any action which may tend to involve
it in any expense or liability, the payment of which within a reasonable time is not, in its reasonable opinion, assured to it. The Warrant Agent is not accountable or under any duty or responsibility for the use by the Company of any of the Warrant
Certificates authenticated by the Warrant Agent and delivered by it to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or for the application by the Company of the proceeds of the Warrant Certificates. The Warrant Agent has no duty or responsibility in case
of any default by the Company in the performance of its covenants or agreements contained under this Agreement or in the Warrant Certificates or in the case of the receipt of any written demand from a holder of a Warrant Certificate with respect to
such default, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any duty or responsibility to initiate or attempt to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise or, except as provided in Section 6.2 hereof, to make any demand upon
the Company. 
 5.3 Resignation, Removal and Appointment of Successors.  

(a) The Company agrees, for the benefit of the holders from time to time of the Warrant Certificates, that there will be at all times a
Warrant Agent until all the Warrants have been exercised or are no longer exercisable. 

  
 11. 

 (b) The Warrant Agent may at any time resign as agent by giving written notice to the
Company of its intention, specifying the date on which its desired resignation will become effective; as long as the date of resignation is not less than three months after the date on which such notice is given unless the Company otherwise agrees.
The Company may remove the Warrant Agent at any time by filing with the Warrant Agent an instrument in writing signed by or on behalf of the Company and specifying its intent to remove the Warrant Agent and the intended date when the removal will
become effective. Any resignation or removal will take effect upon the appointment by the Company, as provided in this Agreement, of a successor Warrant Agent (which will be a bank or trust company authorized under the laws of the jurisdiction of
its organization to exercise corporate trust powers) and the acceptance of the appointment by the successor Warrant Agent. The obligation of the Company under Section 5.2(a) will continue to the extent set forth therein notwithstanding the
resignation or removal of the Warrant Agent. 
 (c) If, at any time, the Warrant Agent resigns, or is removed, or becomes incapable of
acting, or is adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commences a voluntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or under any other applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law or consents to the
appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Warrant Agent or its property or affairs, or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or admits in
writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or takes corporate action in furtherance of any action, or a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises will have been entered in respect of the
Warrant Agent in an involuntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, or a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the
premises will have been entered for the appointment of a receiver, custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of the Warrant Agent or of its property or affairs, or any public officer takes charge or control of the
Warrant Agent or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation, winding up or liquidation, a successor Warrant Agent, qualified as described above, will be appointed by the Company by an instrument in writing, filed with
the successor Warrant Agent. Upon the appointment as aforesaid of a successor Warrant Agent and acceptance by the successor Warrant Agent of such appointment, the Warrant Agent will cease to be Warrant Agent. 

(d) Any successor Warrant Agent appointed under this Agreement will execute, acknowledge and deliver to its predecessor and to the
Company an instrument accepting the appointment, and immediately after, successor Warrant Agent, without any further act, deed or conveyance, will become vested with all the authority, rights, powers, trusts, immunities, duties and obligations of
the predecessor as if originally named as Warrant Agent under this Agreement, and the predecessor, on payment of its unpaid charges and disbursements, will then become obligated to transfer, deliver and pay over, and the successor Warrant Agent will
be entitled to receive, all funds, securities and other property on deposit with or held by the predecessor, as Warrant Agent hereunder. 

  
 12. 

 (e) Any corporation into which the Warrant Agent may be merged or converted or any
corporation with which the Warrant Agent may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent will be a party, or any corporation to which the Warrant Agent sells or otherwise
transfers all or substantially all the assets and business of the Warrant Agent, provided that it is qualified as described above, will be the successor Warrant Agent under this Agreement without the execution or filing of any paper or any further
act on the part of any of the parties to this Agreement. 
 ARTICLE 6 

MISCELLANEOUS 
 6.1
Amendment. This Agreement may be amended by the parties to this Agreement, without the consent of the holder of any Warrant Certificate, for the purpose of curing any ambiguity, or of curing, correcting or supplementing any defective
provision contained in this Agreement, or making any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement as the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem necessary or desirable; provided that such action will not
materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of the Warrant Certificates. 
 6.2 Notices and Demands to the Company and
Warrant Agent. If the Warrant Agent receives any notice or demand addressed to the Company by the holder of a Warrant Certificate pursuant to the provisions of the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent will promptly forward the
notice or demand to the Company. 
 6.3 Addresses. Any communication from the Company to the Warrant Agent with respect to
this Agreement must be addressed to [•], Attention: [•] and any communication from the Warrant Agent to the Company with respect to this Agreement must be addressed to Snap Inc., 2772 Donald Douglas Loop North, Santa Monica, California
90405, Attention: [•] (or such other address as will be specified in writing by the Warrant Agent or by the Company). 
 6.4
Governing Law. This Agreement and each Warrant Certificate issued under this Agreement, and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Agreement or any Warrant Certificate, will be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of New York. 
 6.5 Delivery of Prospectus. The Company will furnish to the Warrant
Agent sufficient copies of a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the Warrant Securities deliverable on exercise of the Warrants (the “Prospectus”), and the Warrant Agent
agrees that on the exercise of any Warrant, the Warrant Agent will deliver to the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant, prior to or concurrently with the delivery of the Warrant Securities issued on such exercise, a Prospectus.
The Warrant Agent will not, by reason of any delivery, assume any responsibility for the accuracy or adequacy of such Prospectus. 
 6.6
Obtaining of Governmental Approvals. The Company will, from time to time, take all action which may be necessary to obtain and keep effective any and all permits, consents and approvals of governmental agencies and authorities and
securities act filings under United States Federal and state laws (including without limitation a registration statement in respect of the 

  
 13. 

 
Warrants and Warrant Securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), which may be or become requisite in connection with the issuance, sale, transfer, and delivery of the Warrant
Securities issued upon exercise of the Warrants, the issuance, sale, transfer and delivery of the Warrants or upon the expiration of the period during which the Warrants are exercisable. 

6.7 Persons Having Rights Under the Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement gives to any person other than the Company, the
Warrant Agent or the holders of the Warrant Certificates any right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement. 
 6.8
Headings. The descriptive headings of the several Articles and Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and does not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof. 

6.9 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which as executed will be deemed to
be an original and such counterparts together will constitute one instrument. 
 6.10 Inspection of Agreement. A copy of
this Agreement will be available at all reasonable times at the principal corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent for inspection by the holder of any Warrant Certificate. The Warrant Agent may require such holder to submit such holder’s
Warrant Certificate for inspection by it. 

  
 14. 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of
the day and year first written above. 
  

			
	SNAP INC., as Company
		
	By:	 	              

	Name:	 	
                 

	Title:	 	              

		
	Attest:	 	              

	
	COUNTERSIGNED
	
	[•], as Warrant Agent
	By:	 	
                 

	Name:	 	
                 

	Title:	 	
                 

		
	Attest:	 	
                 

 [SIGNATURE PAGE TO FORM OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK WARRANT AGREEMENT] 

 EXHIBIT A 

FORM OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE 

[FACE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE] 
  

			
	[Form of Legend if Warrants are not immediately exercisable.]	  	[Prior to [•] Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate cannot be exercised.]

 EXERCISABLE ONLY IF COUNTERSIGNED BY THE WARRANT AGENT 

VOID AFTER [•] P.M., [City] time, ON [•]. 

 SNAP INC. 

WARRANT CERTIFICATE REPRESENTING 

WARRANTS TO PURCHASE 

CLASS A COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $0.00001 PER SHARE 
  

			
	 No. [•]
	  	[•] Warrants

 This certificate (“Warrant Certificate”) certifies that [•] or registered assigns is the
registered owner of the above indicated number of Warrants, each Warrant entitling such owner to purchase, at any time [after [•] p.m., [City] time, [on [•] and] on or before [•] p.m., [City] time, on [•] shares of Class A
Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Warrant Securities”), of Snap Inc. (the “Company”) on the following basis: during the period from [•], through and including [•], the exercise
price per Warrant Security will be $[•], subject to adjustment as provided in the Warrant Agreement (as hereinafter defined) (the “Warrant Price”). The Holder may exercise the Warrants evidenced by this Warrant
Certificate by providing certain information set forth on the back of this Warrant Certificate and by paying in full, in lawful funds of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House
funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds], the Warrant Price for each Warrant Security with respect to which this Warrant is exercised to the Warrant Agent (as defined below) and by surrendering this Warrant Certificate, with the
purchase form on the back of this Warrant Certificate duly executed, at the corporate trust office of [name of Warrant Agent], or its successor as warrant agent (the “Warrant Agent”), which is, on the date of this Warrant
Certificate, at the address specified on the reverse of this Warrant Certificate, and upon compliance with and subject to the conditions set forth in this Warrant Certificate and in the Warrant Agreement (as defined below). 

The term “Holder” as used in this Warrant Certificate will mean the person in whose name at the time this Warrant
Certificate will be registered on the books maintained by the Warrant Agent pursuant to Section 4 of the Warrant Agreement. 
 The
Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate may be exercised to purchase a whole number of Warrant Securities in registered form. Upon any exercise of fewer than all of the Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, the Holder will be issued
a new Warrant Certificate evidencing Warrants for the number of remaining Warrant Securities unexercised. 
 This Warrant Certificate is
issued under and in accordance with the Warrant Agreement dated as of [•] (the “Warrant Agreement”), between the Company and the Warrant Agent and is subject to the terms and provisions contained in the Warrant
Agreement, the terms and provisions of which the Holder of this Warrant Certificate consents by acceptance of this Warrant Certificate. Copies of the Warrant Agreement are on file at the above-mentioned office of the Warrant Agent. 

 Transfer of this Warrant Certificate may be registered when this Warrant Certificate is
surrendered at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent by the registered owner or such owner’s assigns, in the manner and subject to the limitations provided in the Warrant Agreement. 

After countersignature by the Warrant Agent and prior to the expiration of this Warrant Certificate, this Warrant Certificate may be exchanged
at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent for Warrant Certificates representing Warrants for the same aggregate number of Warrant Securities. 

This Warrant Certificate will not entitle the Holder of this Warrant Certificate to any of the rights of a holder of the Warrant Securities,
including, without limitation, the right to receive payments of dividends or distributions, if any, on the Warrant Securities (except to the extent set forth in the Warrant Agreement) or to exercise any voting rights. 

Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Warrant Certificate set forth on the reverse of this Warrant Certificate, which
will, for all purposes, have the same effect as if set forth at this place. 
 This Warrant Certificate will not be valid or obligatory for
any purpose until countersigned by the Warrant Agent. 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed in its name
and on its behalf by the facsimile signatures of its duly authorized officers. 
 Dated:
                         

 

			
	SNAP INC., as Company
		
	By:	 	              

	Name:	 	              

	Title:	 	              

	Attest:	 	              

	
	COUNTERSIGNED
	
	[•], as Warrant Agent
		
	By:	 	              

	Name:	 	              

	Title:	 	              

	Attest:	 	              

 [REVERSE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE] 

(Instructions for Exercise of Warrant) 

To exercise any Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate for Warrant Securities (as defined below), the Holder must pay, in lawful funds
of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds], the Warrant Price in full for Warrants exercised, to [•] [address
of Warrant Agent], Attention: [•], which payment must specify the name of the Holder and the number of Warrants exercised by such Holder. In addition, the Holder must complete the information required below and present this Warrant Certificate
in person or by mail (certified or registered mail is recommended) to the Warrant Agent at the appropriate address set forth above. This Warrant Certificate, completed and duly executed, must be received by the Warrant Agent within five business
days of the payment. 
 (To be executed upon exercise of Warrants) 

The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise [•] Warrants, evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, to purchase [•] shares of
the Class A Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Warrant Securities”), of Snap Inc. and represents that he or she has tendered payment for such Warrant Securities, in lawful funds of the United States of
America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds], to the order of Snap Inc., c/o [insert name and address of Warrant Agent], in the amount of
$[•] in accordance with the terms hereof. The undersigned requests that said Warrant Securities be in fully registered form in the authorized denominations, registered in such names and delivered all as specified in accordance with the
instructions set forth below. 
 If the number of Warrants exercised is less than all of the Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate,
the undersigned requests that a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the Warrants for the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised be issued and delivered to the undersigned unless otherwise specified in the instructions below. 

 

							
	Dated:                         	 		 	Name:	 	          

		 		 		 	Please Print

  

	
	Address:
	
	          

	(Insert Social Security or Other Identifying Number of Holder)

 Signature
                                         
                            

Guaranteed: 
 Signature 

(Signature must conform in all respects to name of holder as specified on the face of this Warrant Certificate and must bear a signature guarantee by a FINRA
member firm). 

 This Warrant may be exercised at the following addresses: 

By hand at: 
 By mail at: 

[Instructions as to form and delivery of Warrant Securities and, if applicable, Warrant Certificates evidencing Warrants for the number of Warrant Securities
remaining unexercised — complete as appropriate.] 

 ASSIGNMENT 

[Form of assignment to be executed if Warrant Holder desires to transfer Warrant] 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, [•] hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto: 
  

			
	          
	  	          

	(Please print name and address including zip code)	  	Please print Social Security or other identifying number

 the right represented by the within Warrant to purchase shares of [Title of Warrant Securities] of Snap Inc. to which the
within Warrant relates and appoints attorney [•] to transfer such right on the books of the Warrant Agent with full power of substitution in the premises. 
  

							
	Dated:                    	 		 	Name:	 	          

		 		 		 	Signature

 (Signature must conform in all respects to name of holder as specified on the face of the Warrant) 

 

	
	  
 Signature Guaranteed

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