Document:

Prepared by R.R. Donnelley Financial -- By-Laws of American Safety Holdings Corp.

 EXHIBIT 4.4 
 BYLAWS OF

 AMERICAN SAFETY HOLDINGS CORP. 
  
 TABLE OF CONTENTS 
  
 
	  	  	  	  	 PAGE
 

	 ARTICLE ONE—OFFICES
 	  	  
	         Section 1.
 	  	 Registered Office and Agent
 	  	 4
 
	         Section 2.
 	  	 Other Offices
 	  	 4
 
	 
	 ARTICLE TWO—SHAREHOLDERS' MEETINGS
 	  	  
	         Section 2.1.
 	  	 Date, Time and Place of Meetings
 	  	 4
 
	         Section 2.2.
 	  	 Annual Meetings
 	  	 4
 
	         Section 2.3.
 	  	 Special Meetings
 	  	 4
 
	         Section 2.4.
 	  	 Notice of Meetings
 	  	 4
 
	         Section 2.5.
 	  	 Quorum
 	  	 5
 
	         Section 2.6.
 	  	 Adjournment
 	  	 5
 
	         Section 2.7
 	  	 Vote Required
 	  	 5
 
	         Section 2.8
 	  	 Voting of Shares
 	  	 6
 
	         Section 2.9
 	  	 No Action by Written Consent
 	  	 6
 
	         Section 2.10
 	  	 Shareholders' List
 	  	 6
 
	         Section 2.11
 	  	 Inspectors of Election
 	  	 6
 
	         Section 2.12
 	  	 Conduct of Meetings
 	  	 7
 
	         Section 2.13
 	  	 Voting of Shares by Certain Holders
 	  	 8
 
	 
	 ARTICLE THREE—THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 	  	  
	         Section 3.1
 	  	 General Powers
 	  	 9
 
	         Section 3.2
 	  	 Number and Tenure
 	  	 9
 
	         Section 3.3
 	  	 Qualification of Directors
 	  	 9
 
	         Section 3.4
 	  	 Vacancy
 	  	 9
 
	         Section 3.5
 	  	 Removal
 	  	 10
 
	         Section 3.6
 	  	 Compensation
 	  	 10
 
	         Section 3.7
 	  	 Nominations of Directors
 	  	 10
 
	 
	 ARTICLE FOUR—MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 	  	  
	         Section 4.1
 	  	 Annual and Other Regular Meetings
 	  	 11
 
	         Section 4.2
 	  	 Special Meetings
 	  	 11
 
	         Section 4.3
 	  	 Notice
 	  	 12
 

 
 

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	         Section 4.4
 	  	 Quorum and Adjournment
 	  	 12
 
	         Section 4.5
 	  	 Voting
 	  	 12
 
	         Section 4.6
 	  	 Presumption of Assent
 	  	 12
 
	         Section 4.7
 	  	 Meeting by Means of Conference Telephone or Similar Telecommunications Equipment
 	  	 13
 
	         Section 4.8
 	  	 Action by Directors Without a Meeting
 	  	 13
 
	         Section 4.9
 	  	 Conduct of Meetings
 	  	 13
 
	         Section 4.10
 	  	 Resignation
 	  	 13
 
	 
	 ARTICLE FIVE—BOARD COMMITTEES
 	  	  
	         Section 5.1
 	  	 Committees
 	  	 14
 
	 
	 ARTICLE SIX—OFFICERS
 	  	  
	         Section 6.1
 	  	 Officers
 	  	 14
 
	         Section 6.2
 	  	 Compensation
 	  	 15
 
	         Section 6.3
 	  	 Election and Term of Office
 	  	 15
 
	         Section 6.4
 	  	 Removal
 	  	 15
 
	         Section 6.5
 	  	 Vacancy
 	  	 15
 
	         Section 6.6
 	  	 Chairman of the Board
 	  	 15
 
	         Section 6.7
 	  	 President
 	  	 15
 
	         Section 6.8
 	  	 Vice President
 	  	 16
 
	         Section 6.9
 	  	 Secretary
 	  	 16
 
	         Section 6.10
 	  	 Treasurer
 	  	 16
 
	         Section 6.11
 	  	 Assistant Vice President, Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer
 	  	 16
 
	         Section 6.12
 	  	 Delegation of Authority
 	  	 17
 
	 
	 ARTICLE SEVEN—CAPITAL STOCK
 	  	  
	         Section 7.1
 	  	 Stock Certificates
 	  	 17
 
	         Section 7.2
 	  	 Stock Records
 	  	 17
 
	         Section 7.3
 	  	 Stock Transfers
 	  	 17
 
	         Section 7.4
 	  	 Record Dates
 	  	 18
 
	         Section 7.5
 	  	 Transfer Agents and Registrars
 	  	 18
 
	         Section 7.6
 	  	 Lost Certificates
 	  	 18
 

 
 

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	 ARTICLE EIGHT—GENERAL PROVISIONS
 	  	  
	         Section 8.1
 	  	 References
 	  	 19
 
	         Section 8.2
 	  	 Reference to Gender
 	  	 19
 
	         Section 8.3
 	  	 Legal Restrictions
 	  	 19
 
	         Section 8.4
 	  	 Seal
 	  	 19
 
	         Section 8.5
 	  	 Fiscal Year
 	  	 19
 
	         Section 8.6
 	  	 Voting Shares in Subsidiaries
 	  	 19
 
	         Section 8.7
 	  	 Inspection of Books
 	  	 19
 
	         Section 8.8
 	  	 Contracts
 	  	 20
 
	         Section 8.9
 	  	 Amendment of Bylaws
 	  	 20
 
	 
	 ARTICLE NINE—INDEMNIFICATION
 	  	  
	         Section 9.1
 	  	 Indemnification
 	  	 20
 

 
  
 

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 AMERICAN SAFETY HOLDINGS CORP. 
 (a Georgia corporation) 
  
 ARTICLE ONE 
  

OFFICES 
  
 SECTION
1.    Registered Office and Agent. 
  
 The Corporation will maintain a registered office
and will have a registered agent whose business office is identical with such registered office. The registered office need not be identical with the principal business office of the Corporation. 
  

SECTION 2.    Other Offices. 
  
 The Corporation may have offices at such other place(s), within or without the State of Georgia, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require. 
  
 ARTICLE TWO 
  
 SHAREHOLDERS’ MEETINGS 
  
 SECTION 2.1.    Date, Time and Place of
Meetings. 
  
 All meetings of the shareholders shall be held on such date, time and place, within or without the
State of Georgia, as the Board of Directors may set forth from time to time, or if no place is so specified, at the principal executive office of the Corporation. 
  
 SECTION 2.2.    Annual Meetings. 
  
 The annual meeting of shareholders shall be held on a date and at a time following the end of the Corporation’s fiscal year as may be determined by the Board of Directors, for the purpose of electing directors and transacting
any and all business that may properly come before the meeting. 
  
 SECTION 2.3.    Special
Meetings. 
  
 Special meetings of the shareholders for any purpose(s) may be called at any time by the Chairman
of the Board, or by a majority of the directors then in office or by written demand of holders of at least 51% of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to be cast, voting together as a single class. Business
transacted at any special meeting of shareholders shall be limited to the purpose(s) stated in the notice thereof. 
  
 SECTION 2.4.    Notice of Meetings. 
  
 Written notice of
each shareholders’ meeting stating the date, time and place of the meeting will be delivered either personally or by mail to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting, not less than 10 days 
 

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nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting. In the case of an annual meeting, the notice of the meeting need not state the purpose(s) for which the meeting is called. In the case of a
special meeting, the notice of meeting shall state the purpose(s) for which the meeting is called. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail with first class postage affixed thereon, prepaid,
addressed to each shareholder at his address as it appears on the Corporation’s record of shareholders. Attendance of a shareholder at a meeting of the shareholders shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting and of all objections to
the place or time of such meeting, or the manner in which it has been called or convened, except when a shareholder attends a meeting solely for the purpose of stating, at the beginning of the meeting, any such objection to the transaction of any
business. Notice need not be given to any shareholder who signs a waiver of notice, in person or by proxy, either before or after the meeting. If the language of a proposed resolution or plan requiring the approval of the shareholders is included in
a written notice of a meeting of the shareholders, the shareholders’ meeting considering the resolution or plan may adopt it with such clarifying or other amendments as do not enlarge its original purpose without further notice to shareholders
not present in person or by proxy. 
  
 SECTION 2.5.    Quorum. 
  
 The presence, in person or by proxy, of the holders of a majority of shares then issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of shareholders, except as otherwise required by statute or the Articles of Incorporation. Where a quorum is once present at a meeting, it shall not be broken by the subsequent
withdrawal of any of those present. 
  
 SECTION 2.6.    Adjournment. 
  
 In the absence of a quorum or for any other reason, the holders of the majority of the shares then issued and outstanding and entitled to
vote at any meeting of the shareholders, present in person or represented by proxy, or the Chairman of the Board shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting of the date, time
and place of the adjourned meeting. At such adjourned meeting in which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified. If after the adjournment a new
record date is picked for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting. 
  
 SECTION 2.7    Vote Required. 
  
 When a quorum is present at any meeting, the affirmative vote of the holders of a plurality of the shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote and present in person or represented by proxy, voting together as a single class,
shall decide any questions brought before such meeting, except as otherwise required by statute or the Articles of Incorporation. 
 

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 SECTION 2.8    Voting of Shares.    

  
 Except as otherwise required by statue or the Articles of Incorporation, each shareholder shall be entitled to
one vote, in person or represented by proxy, for each share of stock having voting power held by such shareholder at every meeting of the shareholders. Shareholders may vote in person or by written proxy; provided, however, no proxy shall be voted
or acted on after 11 months from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Any proxy to be voted at a meeting of shareholders shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation before or at the time of the meeting. Voting on matters
brought before a shareholders’ meeting may, at the discretion of the person presiding at the meeting, be by voice vote or show of hands, unless any qualified voter, prior to the voting on such matter, demands vote by ballot, in which event the
voting shall be by ballot. 
  
 SECTION 2.9     No Action by Written
Consent.     
  
 Shareholders shall not be entitled to take any action by written consent in
lieu of taking such action at an annual or special meeting of shareholders. 
  
 SECTION
2.10    Shareholders’ List.     
  
 A complete list of
shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders, arranged in alphabetical order showing the address of each such shareholder as it appears in the records of the Corporation and the number of shares registered in the name of such
shareholder, shall be prepared by the Secretary of the Corporation at least 10 days prior to every meeting of shareholders. Such list shall be open to the examination of any shareholder, for any purpose relating to the meeting, during ordinary
business hours for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held or, if not so specified, the place where the meeting is to be held, and a duplicate list shall be similarly open
to examination at the principal executive office of the Corporation. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the duration thereof, and may be inspected by any shareholder who is present. 

 
 SECTION 2.11    Inspectors of Election.     
  
 In advance of any meeting of shareholders, the Board of Directors may appoint any persons, other than nominees for office, as inspectors
of election to act at such meeting or any adjournment thereof. The number of inspectors shall be either one or three. If such persons are not so appointed or fail or refuse to act, the presiding officer of such meeting shall make such appointment(s)
at the meeting. If there are three inspectors, the decision, action or certificate of a majority of such inspectors shall be effective and shall represent the decision, action or certificate of all. No such inspector need be a shareholder of the
Corporation. 
  
 Unless otherwise required by statute or the Articles of Incorporation, the duties of such inspectors
shall include: determining the number of shares outstanding and the

 

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voting power of each share, the number of shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the authenticity, validity and effect of proxies; receiving votes or ballots; hearing and
determining all challenges and questions in any way arising in connection with the right to vote; counting and tabulating all ballots or votes and determining the results thereof; and such acts as may be proper to conduct the election or vote with
fairness to all shareholders. Upon request, the inspectors shall make a report in writing to the presiding officer of the meeting concerning any challenge, question or other matter as may have been determined by them and shall execute and deliver to
such presiding officer a certificate of any fact found by them. 
  
 SECTION 2.12    Conduct of
Meetings. 
  
 (a)  All annual and special meetings or shareholders shall be conducted in accordance
with such rules and procedures as the Board of Directors may determine subject to the requirements of statute and, as to matters not governed by such rules and procedures, as the presiding officer of such meeting shall determine. The presiding
officer of any annual or special meeting of shareholders shall be the President or, in his absence, such person as designated by the Board of Directors. The Secretary, or in his absence, a person designated by the presiding officer, shall act as
secretary of the meeting. 
  
 (b)  At any annual meeting of shareholders, only such business shall be
conducted as shall have been brought before the meeting (i) as specified in the notice of the meeting given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors, or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by any shareholder of the Corporation who is entitled to vote with respect thereto and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this subparagraph (b). 

 
 For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder, the shareholder must have given timely notice
thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a shareholder’s notice must be delivered or mailed to and received at the principal executive office of the Corporation not less than 30 days prior to the date of the annual
meeting; provided, however, that in the event that less than 40 days’ notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or made to shareholders, notice by a shareholder to be timely must be received not later than the close
of business on the 10th day following the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was made. A shareholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter such shareholder
proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting (ii) the name and address, as they appear on the
books of the Corporation, of the shareholder proposing such business, (iii) the

 

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class and number of shares of the Corporation’s capital stock that are beneficially owned by such shareholder and (iv) any material interest of such shareholder in such business.
Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be brought before or conducted at an annual meeting except in accordance with the provisions of this subparagraph (b). The presiding officer at the annual meeting shall, if
the facts so warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a matter of business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this subparagraph (b) and, if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the
meeting and any such business so determined to be not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted. 
  
 (c)  At any special meeting of the shareholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors. 
  
 SECTION 2.13    Voting of Shares by Certain Holders. 
  
 (a)  If shares or other securities having voting power stand of record in the names of two or more persons, whether fiduciaries, members of a partnership, joint
tenants, tenants in common, tenants by the entirety or otherwise, or if two or more persons have the same fiduciary relationship respecting the same shares, unless the Secretary of the Corporation is given written notice to the contrary and is
furnished with a copy of the instrument or order appointing them or creating the relationship wherein it is so provided, their acts with respect to voting shall have the following effect: (1) if only one votes, his act binds all; (2) if more than
one vote, the act of the majority so voting binds all; (3) if more than one vote, but the vote is evenly split on any particular matter, each faction may vote the securities in question proportionally, or any person voting the shares, or a
beneficiary, if any, may apply to such Court as may have jurisdiction to appoint an additional person to act with the persons so voting the shares, which shall then be voted as determined by the majority of such persons and the person appointed by
the Court. If the instrument so filed shows that any such tenancy is held in unequal interests, a majority or even-split for the purposes hereof shall be a majority or even-split in interests. Shares standing in the name of another corporation may
be voted by any officer, agent or proxy as the bylaws of such corporation may prescribe, or, in the absence of such provision, as the board of directors of such corporation may determine. Shares held by an administrator, executor, guardian or
conservator may be voted by him, either in person or by proxy, without a transfer of such shares into his name. Shares standing in the name of a trustee may be voted by him, either in person or by proxy, but no trustee shall be entitled to vote
shares held by him without a transfer of such shares into his name. Shares standing in the name of a receiver may be voted by such receiver, and shares held by or under the control of a receiver may be voted by such receiver without the transfer
thereof into his name if authority so to do is contained in an appropriate order of the court or other public authority by which such receiver was appointed. 
 

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 (b)  A shareholder whose shares are pledged shall be entitled to vote
such shares until the shares have been transferred into the name of the pledgee, and thereafter the pledgee shall be entitled to vote the shares so transferred. 
  
 ARTICLE THREE 
  
 THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

 
 SECTION 3.1    General Powers. 
  
 The business and affairs of the Corporation will be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the powers and authority expressly conferred
upon it by these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute, by any legal agreement among shareholders, by the Articles of Incorporation or by these
Bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the shareholders. The Board of Directors shall annually elect a Chairman of the Board from among its members and may elect a Vice Chairman of the Board from among its members. 

 
 SECTION 3.2    Number and Tenure. 
  
 The Board of Directors shall consist of not less than three (3) nor more than seven (7) directors. The number of directors shall be determined from time to time by
resolution of the Board of Directors. Each director shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified or until his earlier death, resignation, incapacity to serve or removal. No decrease in the number of directors shall shorten the term
of any incumbent director. Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of shareholders, or at a special meeting of shareholders called for purposes that include the election of directors.

  
 SECTION 3.3    Qualification of Directors. 
  
 Directors shall be natural persons who have attained the age of twenty-one years but need not be residents of the State of Georgia or
shareholders of the Corporation. 
  
 SECTION 3.4    Vacancy. 
  
 Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors, including any vacancy occurring by reason of an increase in the number of directors or by
the removal of a director, may be filled by the vote of a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum. Any director chosen by the Board of Directors to fill a vacancy created, other than by reason of an increase in the number
of directorships, shall serve for the unexpired term of the director whose vacancy is being filled. Any director chosen by the Board of Directors to fill a vacancy created by reason of an increase in the

 

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number of directorships shall serve for a term to expire at the next election of directors by the shareholders. 
  
 SECTION 3.5    Removal. 
  
 At a meeting of shareholders with respect to which notice of such purpose has been given, any or all members of Board of Directors may be removed for cause, and then only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 51% of the
then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to be cast, voting together as single class. For purposes hereof, “cause” shall mean any act or omission for which a director may be personally liable to the Corporation
or its shareholders pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation, as well as any other act or omission which relates to personal dishonesty, criminal conduct, incompetence or intentional failure to perform stated duties. 
  
 SECTION 3.6    Compensation. 
  
 The Board of Directors shall have the authority to set the compensation of directors and members of any committees thereof. The directors and members of any committees thereof may also be paid for
their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board or any committee thereof. No provision of these Bylaws shall be construed to preclude any director or committee member from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and
receiving compensation therefor. 
  
 SECTION 3.7    Nominations of Directors. 

 
 (a)  Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws shall be eligible for
election as Directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation may be made at any meeting of shareholders at which Directors are to be elected only (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii)
by any shareholder of the Corporation entitled to vote for the election of Directors at the meeting who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section. Each year the President shall appoint a special committee of three directors to
recommend to the Board of Directors persons to be the management nominees for election as directors. Based on such recommendations, the Board of Directors shall act as a nominating committee to select the management nominees for election as
directors. Except in the case of a nominee substituted as a result of the death or other incapacity of a management nominee, the nominating committee shall deliver the names of its nominees to the Secretary at least 40 days prior to the date of the
annual meeting. 
  
 (b)  Nominations, other than those management nominees made by or at the direction of
the Board of Directors, shall be made by timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a shareholder’s notice shall be delivered or mailed to and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not
less than 30 days prior to the date of the meeting; provided, however, that in the event that less than 40 days’ notice or

 

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 prior public disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or made to shareholders, notice by the shareholder to be timely must be so received
not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which such notice of the date of the meeting is mailed or such public disclosure was made. Such shareholder’s notice shall set forth (i) as to each person whom the
shareholder proposes to nominate for election or re- election as a director, all information relating to such person as required to be disclosed in solicitation of proxies for election of directors, or as otherwise required, in each case pursuant to
Regulation 14A under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (including such person’s written consent to being named in a proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); and (ii) as to the shareholder giving
the notice (x) the name and address, as they appear on the books of the Corporation, of such shareholder and (y) the class and number of shares of the Corporation’s capital stock that are beneficially owned by such shareholder. At the request
of the Board of Directors any person nominated by the Board of Directors for election as a director shall furnish to the Secretary of the Corporation that information required to be set forth in a shareholder’s notice of nomination which
pertains to the nominee. No person shall be eligible for election as a Director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the provisions of this Section. The presiding officer at the meeting shall, if the facts so warrant, determine and
declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the provisions of this Section and, if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be discharged. 
  
 ARTICLE FOUR 
  
 MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
  
 SECTION 4.1    Annual and Other Regular
Meetings. 
  
 The annual regular meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held at the time and place of the
regularly scheduled meeting of the Board of Directors next following the annual meeting of the shareholders. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be held between annual meetings without notice at such time and at
such place, within or without the State of Georgia, as from time to time shall be determined by the Board or any committee thereof, as the case may be. 
  
 SECTION 4.2    Special Meetings. 
  
 Special meetings of
Board of Directors may be called for any purpose(s) by the Chairman of the Board or by written request of a majority of the directors then in office. Special meetings of any committee of the Board of Directors may be held on the date set at the
previous meeting of the committee or when called by its chairman or by a majority of its members. Any such special meetings shall be held at such

 

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date, time and place, within or without the State of Georgia, as shall be communicated in the notice of the meeting. 
  
 SECTION 4.3    Notice. 
  
 Notice of any special meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, setting forth the date, time and place of the meeting, shall be delivered to each director or committee member, addressed to him at his residence or
usual place of business, or by telephone, telegram, cable, telecommunication, teletype, facsimile transmission or personal delivery not later than the second business day immediately preceding the date of the meeting. Neither the business to be
transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting need be specified in the notice or any waiver of notice. 
  
 Notice of any meeting need not be given to any director or committee member who shall attend such meeting in person (except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to
the transaction of any business because the meeting is not properly called or convened) or who shall waive notice thereof, before or after such meeting, in a signed writing. 
  
 SECTION 4.4    Quorum and Adjournment. 
  
 At all meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, the presence of a majority of the directors or committee members then in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum
or for any other reason, a majority of the directors or committee members present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time. Notice of any adjourned meeting shall be given to each director or committee member who was not present at the time
of adjournment and, unless the time and place of the adjourned meeting are announced at the time of adjournment, to the other directors or committee members. At any reconvened meeting following such adjournment at which a quorum shall be present,
any business may be transacted which might have transacted at the meeting as originally notified. 
  
 SECTION
4.5    Voting. 
  
 At all meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof,
each director or committee member present shall have one vote. The act of a majority of the directors or committee members present at any meeting, in which there is a quorum, shall be the act of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof,
except as otherwise provided by statute, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws. On any question on which the Board of Directors or any committee thereof shall vote, the names of those voting and their votes shall be entered into the minutes
of the meeting when any member of the Board of Directors or any committee member present at the meeting so requests. 
  
 SECTION 4.6    Presumption of Assent. 
  
 Any director or
committee member present at a meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof shall be presumed

 

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to have assented to any action taken at the meeting unless his dissent or abstention is entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless he files, at the meeting or immediately after its
adjournment, his written dissent to the action with the person acting as secretary of the meeting. This right to dissent shall not be available to a director or committee member who voted in favor of the action. 
  
 SECTION 4.7    Meeting by Means of Conference Telephone or Similar Telecommunications Equipment. 

 
 Members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board or any committee by means
of conference telephone or similar telecommunications equipment, by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation in the meeting in this matter shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

  
 SECTION 4.8    Action by Directors Without a Meeting. 
  
 Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken without a
meeting if a written consent, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by all the directors or all the committee members, as the case may be, and filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board or the committee. Such consent will have the
same force and effect as a unanimous vote of the Board of Directors or the committee. 
  
 SECTION
4.9    Conduct of Meetings. 
  
 All meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee
thereof shall be conducted in accordance with such rules and procedures as the directors may determine subject to the requirements of statute and, as to matters not governed by such rules and procedures, as the presiding officer of such meeting
shall determine. The presiding officer of any meeting of the Board of Directors shall be the Chairman of the Board or, in his absence, the President, or, in the absence of both, such person as designated by the Board of Directors. The Secretary, or
in his absence, a person designated by the presiding officer, shall act as secretary of the meeting. 
  
 SECTION
4.10    Resignation. 
  
 Any director may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Corporation addressed to the Chairman of the Board or the President. Unless otherwise specified, such resignation shall take effect upon delivery of such notice unless some other date is specified in such notice. Acceptance of any
resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective unless the resignation is tendered subject to such acceptance. A director’s absence from more than three consecutive regular meetings of the Board of Directors, unless excused by
resolution of the Board of Directors, shall be deemed to constitute the resignation of such a director, effective once such resignation is accepted by resolution of the Board of Directors. 
 

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 ARTICLE FIVE 
  
 BOARD COMMITTEES 
  
 SECTION
5.1    Committees. 
  
 (a)  The Board of Directors may, by the vote of a
majority of the directors then in office, establish committees, including standing or special committees, which shall have such duties as are authorized by the Board or by these Bylaws. Committee members, and the chairman of each committee, shall be
appointed by the Board of Directors. The presiding officer of any committee meeting shall be the chairman of the committee and the chairman shall designate a person to act as secretary of the committee meeting. 
  
 (b)  Each committee shall keep minutes of its actions and proceedings. Any action taken by the Board of Directors with respect
to the actions or proceedings of any committee shall be entered into the minutes of the Board of Directors. 
  
 (c)  The Board of Directors may, by the vote of majority of the directors then in office, remove any member of any committee, with or without cause, or fill any vacancies in any committee, and dissolve or discontinue any
committee. 
  
 (d)  The designation of any committee under this Article and the delegation of authority
thereto shall not operate to relieve the Board of Directors, or any director, of any responsibility imposed by statute. 
  
 ARTICLE SIX 
  
 OFFICERS 
  
 SECTION 6.1    Officers. 
  
 The officers of the Corporation shall include a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer. The Board of Directors may also designate the Chairman of the Board as an officer of the Corporation. The Board of
Directors may also designate one or more Vice Presidents as Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President. The Board of Directors may also elect or authorize the appointment of such other officers or assistant officers as the business of the
Corporation may require. In addition to the duties and powers enumerated in this Article, the officers of the Corporation shall perform such other duties and exercise such further powers as the Board of Directors may authorize or determine from time
to time. Any two or more of the above offices may be held by the same persons except as prohibited by statute, but no officers shall

 

 14 

 
execute, acknowledge or verify an instrument in more than one capacity if the instrument is required by statute or the Articles of Incorporation to be executed, acknowledged or verified by two or
more officers. No officer need be a shareholder of the Corporation. 
  
 SECTION
6.2    Compensation. 
  
 The salaries of the officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by
the Board of Directors. No officer shall be prevented from receiving compensation by reason of also being a director of the Corporation. 
  
 SECTION 6.3    Election and Term of Office. 
  
 The
officers of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at the first meeting of the Board of Directors held after each annual meeting of the shareholders. If the election of officers is not held at such meeting, such election
shall be held as soon as possible thereafter. Each officer of the Corporation shall hold office until his successor is elected or until his earlier resignation, death or removal, or the termination of his office. The election or appointment of an
officer, employee or agent shall not itself create contractual rights. The Board of Directors may authorize the Corporation to enter into an employment contract or other arrangement with any officer; but no such contract shall impair the rights of
the Board of Directors to remove any officer at any time in accordance with this Article. 
  
 SECTION
6.4    Removal. 
  
 Any officer may be removed from office at any time, with or without
cause, by the vote of a majority of the directors then in office whenever, in their judgement, the best interest of the Corporation will be served thereby. Any such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the officer so
removed. 
  
 SECTION 6.5    Vacancy. 
  
 Any vacancy in an office resulting from any cause may be filled by the Board of Directors in the manner prescribed by these Bylaws. 
  
 SECTION 6.6    Chairman of the Board. 
  
 The Chairman of the Board shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors from among its members. The Chairman shall preside at all meetings of the Board and shall
perform all of the duties and shall have all the powers commonly incident to his office or delegated to him by the Board of Directors, or which are or may at any time be authorized or required by statute or these Bylaws. 
  
 SECTION 6.7    President. 
  
 The President shall be the Chief Executive Officer and shall have general responsibility for the management and supervision of the business of the Corporation and corporate policy. The President shall
have administrative authority over the business of the Corporation, and shall have such further authority and perform such other duties as may be delegated to him by the Board of Directors. 
 

 15 

  
 SECTION 6.8    Vice President. 
  
 Each Executive Vice President, each Senior Vice President and each other Vice President shall have such powers and perform such duties as
may be delegated to him by the Board of Directors or delegated by the President. In the absence or disability of the President, those powers, duties and functions of the President may be temporarily performed and exercised by such one of the
Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents or the other Vice Presidents as shall be expressly designated by the Board of Directors. When more than one Vice President is elected, the Board may specify an order of seniority among such Vice
Presidents. 
  
 SECTION 6.9    Secretary. 
  

The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of the shareholders and record all votes and the minutes of all proceedings in books
to be kept for that purpose, and shall perform like duties for any Board committees when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, any notice required to be given of any meetings of the shareholders, of the Board of Directors or any
Board committees when required, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the President, under whose supervision the Secretary shall be. The Secretary shall cause to be kept such books and records as the
Board of Directors or the President may require and shall cause to be prepared, recorded, transferred, issued, sealed and cancelled certificates of stock as required by the transactions of the Corporation and its shareholders. The Secretary shall
attend to such other correspondence and shall perform such other duties as may be incident to such office or as may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors or the President. The Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation, shall
have the authority to affix the same to any instrument, the execution of which on behalf of the Corporation under its seal is duly authorized, and shall attest the same by his signature whenever required. The Board of Directors may give general
authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the same by his signature. 
  
 SECTION
6.10    Treasurer. 
  
 The Treasurer shall have charge of and be responsible for all
funds, securities, receipts and disbursements of the Corporation, and shall deposit, or cause to be deposited, in the name of the Corporation, all monies or other valuable effects, in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as shall from
time to time be selected by the Board of Directors. He shall render to the President and to the Board of Directors, whenever requested, an account of the financial condition of the Corporation, and in general, he shall perform all such other duties
as may be delegated to him by the Board of Directors or the President. 
  
 SECTION 6.11    Assistant
Vice President, Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer. 
  
 The Assistant Vice President, Assistant
Secretary and Assistant Treasurer, in the absence or disability of any Vice President, the Secretary or the Treasurer, respectively, shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of those offices, and, in general, they shall

 

 16 

 
perform such other duties as shall be delegated to them by the Board of Directors or by the person appointing them. Specifically, the Assistant Secretary may affix the seal of the Corporation to
all necessary documents and attest the signature of any officer of the Corporation. 
  
 SECTION
6.12    Delegation of Authority. 
  
 In the case of the absence of any officer of the
Corporation or for any other reason that the Board of Directors may deem sufficient, the Board of Directors may delegate, for the time being, any or all of the powers or duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director. 

 
 ARTICLE SEVEN 
  
 CAPITAL STOCK 
  
 SECTION 7.1    Stock Certificates. 

 
 Each shareholder shall be entitled to a certificate representing the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation owned
by such person. The certificate shall be in such form as approved by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. Each certificate shall be signed by the President or a Vice President and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary and shall be sealed
with the seal of the Corporation or a facsimile thereof. The signatures upon a certificate may be facsimiles. In case any officer who shall have signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such
officer of the Corporation before such certificate shall have been issued by the Corporation, such certificate may nevertheless be issued as though the person who signed such certificate had not ceased to be such officer. 
  
 SECTION 7.2    Stock Records. 
  
 Each certificate for shares of Stock in the Corporation shall be numbered or otherwise identified in the stock records of the Corporation. The Corporation shall keep stock records which shall show the
names and addresses of the persons to whom the shares are issued, with the number of shares and date of issuance. 
  
 SECTION
7.3    Stock Transfers. 
  
 Transfers of shares of stock of the Corporation shall be made
on the stock transfer books of the Corporation only when authorized by the person named in the certificate, or by his legal representative, who shall furnish written evidence of such authority, or by his attorney authorized by a duly executed power
of attorney and filed with the Corporation. Such transfer shall be made only upon surrender of the certificate therefor, or in the case of a certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon compliance with the provisions of this
Article and as may otherwise be provided by statute. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote as such

 

 17 

 
owner, and for all other purposes, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall
have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by law. No transfer shall be valid, except between the parties thereto, until such transfer shall have been made upon the books of the Corporation as herein provided. The Board of
Directors shall have the power and authority to make such other rules and regulations concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificates of the Corporation’s stock as it may deem appropriate. 
  
 SECTION 7.4    Record Dates. 
  
 The Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a date as the record date for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, any meeting of shareholders or any adjournment
thereof, or shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend of other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or in order to make a determination
of shareholders for any other purpose. Such date in any case shall not be more than 70 days, and in the case of the meeting of shareholders, not less than 10 days, prior to the date on which the particular action, requiring the determination of
shareholders is to be taken. Only those shareholders of record on the dates so fixed shall be entitled to any of the foregoing rights, notwithstanding the transfer of any such stock on the books of the Corporation after any such record date fixed by
the Board of Directors. 
  
 SECTION 7.5    Transfer Agents and Registrars. 

 
 The Corporation may have one or more transfer agents and one or more registrars of its stock whose respective duties the Board
of Directors or Secretary may, from time to time, determine. No certificate of stock shall be valid until countersigned by a transfer agent, if the Corporation has a transfer agent, or until registered by the registrar, if the Corporation has a
registrar. The duties of transfer agent and registrar may be combined. 
  
 SECTION 7.6    Lost
Certificates. 
  
 The Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in place of any certificate previously
issued and alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, and the Corporation may require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative to give the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any
claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate and any other conditions as may otherwise be provided by statute. 
  
 

 18 

  
 ARTICLE EIGHT 
  
 GENERAL PROVISIONS 
  
 SECTION
8.1    References. 
  
 Whenever in these Bylaws reference is made to an Article or Section
number, such reference is to the number of an Article or Section of the Bylaws. Whenever in the Bylaws reference is made to the Bylaws, such reference is to these Bylaws of the Corporation as the same may be amended from time to time. Whenever in
the Bylaws reference is made to the Articles of Incorporation, such reference is to the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation as the same may be amended from time to time. 
  
 SECTION 8.2    Reference to Gender. 
  
 Whenever in the Bylaws reference is made to the masculine gender, such reference shall where the context so requires be deemed to include the feminine gender and the neuter gender, and the Bylaws shall be read accordingly.

  
 SECTION 8.3    Legal Restrictions. 
  
 All matters covered in these Bylaws shall be subject to such restrictions as shall be imposed on the Corporation by applicable state and federal statutes, rules and
regulations. 
  
 SECTION 8.4    Seal. 
  
 The seal of the Corporation shall be in such form as the Board of Directors may determine from time to time. The seal may be used by causing it or by facsimile thereof to
be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise. If it is inconvenient to use such a seal at any time, the signature of the Chairman of the Board, President, Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, followed by the word
“Seal” shall be deemed the seal of the Corporation. 
  
 SECTION 8.5    Fiscal Year.

  
 The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors and may be changed from
time to time. 
  
 SECTION 8.6    Voting Shares in Subsidiaries. 
  
 In the absence of other arrangements by the Board of Directors, shares of stock issued by another corporation and owned or controlled by
the Corporation, whether in a fiduciary capacity or otherwise, may be voted by the President of the Corporation or by such other person as the Board of Directors by resolution shall so designate, and such person may execute the aforementioned powers
by executing proxies and written waivers and consents on behalf of the Corporation. 
  
 SECTION
8.7    Inspection of Books. 
  
 The Board of Directors shall have the power to determine
which accounts and books of the Corporation, if any, shall be opened to the inspection of shareholders, except such as may by statute be specifically opened to

 

 19 

 
inspection, and shall have the power to affix reasonable rules and regulations not in conflict with the applicable statute for the inspection of accounts and books which by statute or by the
determination of the Board of Directors shall be opened to inspection, and the shareholders’ rights in this respect are and shall be restricted and limited accordingly. 
  
 SECTION 8.8    Contracts. 
  
 No contract or other transaction between Corporation and any other corporation, partnership or other entity shall be affected or invalidated by the fact that a shareholder, director or officer of the Corporation is a shareholder,
director, partner or other officer of, or is interested in, such other corporation, partnership or other entity, and no contract or other transaction between Corporation and any other person shall be affected or invalidated by the fact that a
shareholder, director or officer of the Corporation is a party to, or interested in, such contract or transaction; provided that, in each such case, the nature and extent of the interest of such shareholder, director or officer in such contract or
other transaction or the fact that such shareholder, director or officer is a shareholder, director, officer, partner or other party of such other corporation, partnership, entity or other person is known to the Board of Directors or is disclosed at
the meeting of the Board of Directors at which such contract or the transaction is authorized. 
  
 SECTION
8.9    Amendment of Bylaws. 
  
 These Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed, or new
Bylaws adopted by the shareholders at a meeting of the shareholders or by the Board of Directors at a meeting of the Board of Directors; provided, however, such action shall be required to be taken at a meeting of shareholders or directors, and
notice of the general nature of the proposed change(s) in the Bylaws will be given in the notice of such meeting. The shareholders may provide by resolution that any Bylaw provision altered, amended, repealed or adopted by them may not be altered,
amended, repealed or adopted by the Board of Directors. Action by the shareholders with respect to the Bylaws shall require an affirmative vote of holders of at least 51% of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to
be cast, voting together as a single class. Action by the Board of Directors with respect to the Bylaws shall require the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office. 
  
 ARTICLE NINE 
  
 INDEMNIFICATION

  
 SECTION 9.1    Indemnification. 
  
 Subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation, the Corporation shall indemnify any person acting in the capacity of a director or officer of the Corporation to
the fullest extent authorized by statute. 
 

 20 

 The undersigned, being the duly elected Secretary of the Corporation, hereby certifies that the foregoing Bylaws were
duly adopted by the Board of Directors on the 30th day of July, 1999. 
  
 
	  
	 
	  	 	 /s/    FRED J. PINCKNEY        
 

	  	 	 Secretary
 

 
 

 21Prepared by R.R. Donnelley Financial -- Form of Junior Subordinated Indenture

 EXHIBIT 4.6 
  
 
 
  
 JUNIOR SUBORDINATED INDENTURE 
  
 Among 
  
 AMERICAN SAFETY HOLDINGS CORP., 
  
 (as Issuer) 
  
 AMERICAN SAFETY INSURANCE GROUP, LTD. 
  
 (as Guarantor) 
  
 and 
  
 DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AMERICAS 
  
 (as Trustee) 
  
 dated as of 
  

                        , 2002 

 
  
 
 

 AMERICAN SAFETY CAPITAL TRUST I 
  
 Certain Sections of this Junior Subordinated Indenture relating to 
 Sections 310 through 318 of the

 Trust Indenture Act of 1939: 
  
 
	 Trust Indenture
 Act Section
 
	  	  	  	 Junior Subordinated
 Indenture
Section
 

	 Section 310
 	  	 (a)(1)
 	  	 6.9
 
	  	  	 (a)(2)
 	  	 6.9
 
	  	  	 (a)(3)
 	  	 Not Applicable
 
	  	  	 (a)(4)
 	  	 Not Applicable
 
	  	  	 (a)(5)
 	  	 6.9
 
	  	  	 (b)
 	  	 6.8,6.10
 
	 Section 311
 	  	 (a)
 	  	 6.13
 
	  	  	 (b)
 	  	 6.13
 
	  	  	 (b)(2)
 	  	 7.3(a)
 
	 Section 312
 	  	 (a)
 	  	 7.1, 7.2(a)
 
	  	  	 (b)
 	  	 7.2(b)
 
	  	  	 (c)
 	  	 7.2(c)
 
	 Section 313
 	  	 (a)
 	  	 7.3(a)
 
	  	  	 (a)(4)
 	  	 7.3(a)
 
	  	  	 (b)
 	  	 7.3(b)
 
	  	  	 (c)
 	  	 7.3(a)
 
	  	  	 (d)
 	  	 7.3(c)
 
	 Section 314
 	  	 (a)
 	  	 7.4
 
	  	  	 (b)
 	  	 7.4
 
	  	  	 (c)(1)
 	  	 1.2
 
	  	  	 (c)(2)
 	  	 1.2
 
	  	  	 (c)(3)
 	  	 Not Applicable
 
	  	  	 (e)
 	  	 1.2
 
	 Section 315
 	  	 (a)
 	  	 6.1(a)
 
	  	  	 (b)
 	  	 6.2,7.3
 
	  	  	 (c)
 	  	 6.1(b)
 
	  	  	 (d)
 	  	 6.1(c)
 
	  	  	 (e)
 	  	 5.14
 
	 Section 316
 	  	 (a)
 	  	 5.12
 
	  	  	 (a)(1)(A)
 	  	 5.12
 
	  	  	 (a)(1)(B)
 	  	 5.13
 
	  	  	 (a)(2)
 	  	 Not Applicable
 
	  	  	 (b)
 	  	 5.8
 
	  	  	 (c)
 	  	 1.4(f)
 
	 Section 317
 	  	 (a)(1)
 	  	 5.3
 
	  	  	 (a)(2)
 	  	 5.4
 
	  	  	 (b)
 	  	 10.3
 
	 Section 318
 	  	 (a)
 	  	 1.7
 
	  	  	  	  	  
	 Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.
 

 
  

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 
  
 
	  	  	  	  	 Page(s)
 

	 ARTICLE I    DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION
 	  	 1
 
	         Section 1.1.
 	  	 Definitions
 	  	 1
 
	         Section 1.2.
 	  	 Compliance Certificate and Opinions
 	  	         10
 
	         Section 1.3.
 	  	 Forms of Documents Delivered to Trustee
 	  	 11
 
	         Section 1.4.
 	  	 Acts of Holders
 	  	 11
 
	         Section 1.5.
 	  	 Notices, Etc. to Trustee and Company
 	  	 13
 
	         Section 1.6.
 	  	 Notice to Holders; Waiver
 	  	 14
 
	         Section 1.7.
 	  	 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act
 	  	 14
 
	         Section 1.8.
 	  	 Effect of Headings and Table of Contents
 	  	 14
 
	         Section 1.9.
 	  	 Successors and Assigns
 	  	 14
 
	         Section 1.10.
 	  	 Separability Clause
 	  	 15
 
	         Section 1.11.
 	  	 Holders of Preferred Securities as Third Party Beneficiaries
 	  	 15
 
	         Section 1.12.
 	  	 Benefits of Indenture
 	  	 15
 
	         Section 1.13.
 	  	 Governing Law
 	  	 15
 
	         Section 1.14.
 	  	 Non-Business Days
 	  	 15
 
	 
	 ARTICLE II    SECURITY FORMS
 	  	 16
 
	         Section 2.1.
 	  	 Forms Generally
 	  	 16
 
	         Section 2.2.
 	  	 Form of Face of Security
 	  	 16
 
	         Section 2.3.
 	  	 Form of Reverse of Security
 	  	 20
 
	         Section 2.4.
 	  	 Additional Provisions Required in Global Security
 	  	 23
 
	         Section 2.5.
 	  	 Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication
 	  	 23
 
	 
	 ARTICLE III    THE SECURITIES
 	  	 24
 
	         Section 3.1.
 	  	 Title and Terms
 	  	 24
 
	         Section 3.2.
 	  	 Denominations
 	  	 24
 
	         Section 3.3.
 	  	 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating
 	  	 25
 
	         Section 3.4.
 	  	 Temporary Securities
 	  	 26
 
	         Section 3.5.
 	  	 Global Securities
 	  	 26
 
	         Section 3.6.
 	  	 Registration, Transfer and Exchange Generally; Certain Transfers and Exchanges; Securities Act Legends
 	  	 27
 
	         Section 3.7.
 	  	 Mutilated, Lost and Stolen Securities
 	  	 30
 
	         Section 3.8.
 	  	 Payment of Interest and Additional Interest; Interest Rights Preserved
 	  	 31
 
	         Section 3.9.
 	  	 Persons Deemed Owners
 	  	 32
 
	         Section 3.10.
 	  	 Cancellation
 	  	 32
 
	         Section 3.11.
 	  	 Computation of Interest
 	  	 33
 
	         Section 3.12.
 	  	 Deferrals of Interest Payment Dates
 	  	 33
 
	         Section 3.13.
 	  	 Right of Set-Off
 	  	 34
 
	         Section 3.14.
 	  	 Agreed Tax Treatment
 	  	 34
 

 
 

 i 

  
 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont’d) 
  
 
	  	  	  	  	 Page(s)
 

	         Section 3.15.
 	  	 CUSIP Numbers
 	  	         34
 
	         Section 3.16.
 	  	 Shortening of Stated Maturity
 	  	 35
 
	 
	 ARTICLE IV    SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
 	  	 35
 
	         Section 4.1.
 	  	 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture
 	  	 35
 
	         Section 4.2.
 	  	 Application of Trust Money
 	  	 36
 
	 
	 ARTICLE V    REMEDIES
 	  	 36
 
	         Section 5.1.
 	  	 Events of Default
 	  	 36
 
	         Section 5.2.
 	  	 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment
 	  	 37
 
	         Section 5.3.
 	  	 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee
 	  	 38
 
	         Section 5.4.
 	  	 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim
 	  	 39
 
	         Section 5.5.
 	  	 Trustee May Enforce Claim Without Possession of Securities
 	  	 39
 
	         Section 5.6.
 	  	 Application of Money Collected
 	  	 40
 
	         Section 5.7.
 	  	 Limitation on Suits
 	  	 40
 
	         Section 5.8.
 	  	 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest; Direct Action by Holders of Preferred Securities
 	  	 41
 
	         Section 5.9.
 	  	 Restoration of Rights and Remedies
 	  	 41
 
	         Section 5.10.
 	  	 Rights and Remedies Cumulative
 	  	 41
 
	         Section 5.11.
 	  	 Delay or Omission Not Waiver
 	  	 42
 
	         Section 5.12.
 	  	 Control by Holders
 	  	 42
 
	         Section 5.13.
 	  	 Waiver of Past Defaults
 	  	 42
 
	         Section 5.14.
 	  	 Undertaking for Costs
 	  	 43
 
	         Section 5.15.
 	  	 Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws
 	  	 43
 
	 
	 ARTICLE VI    THE TRUSTEE
 	  	 43
 
	         Section 6.1.
 	  	 Certain Duties and Responsibilities
 	  	 43
 
	         Section 6.2.
 	  	 Notice of Defaults
 	  	 44
 
	         Section 6.3.
 	  	 Certain Rights of Trustee
 	  	 45
 
	         Section 6.4.
 	  	 Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities
 	  	 46
 
	         Section 6.5.
 	  	 May Hold Securities
 	  	 46
 
	         Section 6.6.
 	  	 Money Held in Trust
 	  	 46
 
	         Section 6.7.
 	  	 Compensation and Reimbursement
 	  	 46
 
	         Section 6.8.
 	  	 Disqualification; Conflicting Interests
 	  	 47
 
	         Section 6.9.
 	  	 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility
 	  	 48
 
	         Section 6.10.
 	  	 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor
 	  	 48
 
	         Section 6.11.
 	  	 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor
 	  	 49
 
	         Section 6.12.
 	  	 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business
 	  	 50
 
	         Section 6.13.
 	  	 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company
 	  	 50
 
	         Section 6.14.
 	  	 Appointment of Authenticating Agent
 	  	 50
 

 
 

 ii 

  
 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont’d) 
  
 
	  	  	  	  	 Page(s)
 

	 ARTICLE VII    HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE, PAYING AGENT AND
COMPANY
 	  	         52
 
	         Section 7.1.
 	  	 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders
 	  	 52
 
	         Section 7.2.
 	  	 Preservation of Information, Communications to Holders
 	  	 52
 
	         Section 7.3.
 	  	 Reports by Trustee and Paying Agent
 	  	 52
 
	         Section 7.4.
 	  	 Reports by Company
 	  	 53
 
	 
	 ARTICLE VIII    CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE
 	  	 53
 
	         Section 8.1.
 	  	 Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms
 	  	 53
 
	         Section 8.2.
 	  	 Successor Company Substituted
 	  	 54
 
	         Section 8.3.
 	  	 Guarantor May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms
 	  	 54
 
	         Section 8.4.
 	  	 Successor Guarantor Substituted
 	  	 55
 
	 
	 ARTICLE IX    SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
 	  	 55
 
	         Section 9.1.
 	  	 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders
 	  	 55
 
	         Section 9.2.
 	  	 Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders
 	  	 56
 
	         Section 9.3.
 	  	 Execution of Supplemental Indentures
 	  	 57
 
	         Section 9.4.
 	  	 Effect of Supplemental Indentures
 	  	 58
 
	         Section 9.5.
 	  	 Conformity with Trust Indenture Act
 	  	 58
 
	         Section 9.6.
 	  	 Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures
 	  	 58
 
	 
	 ARTICLE X    COVENANTS
 	  	 58
 
	         Section 10.1.
 	  	 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest
 	  	 58
 
	         Section 10.2.
 	  	 Maintenance of Office or Agency
 	  	 58
 
	         Section 10.3.
 	  	 Money for Security Payments to be Held in Trust
 	  	 59
 
	         Section 10.4.
 	  	 Statement as to Compliance
 	  	 60
 
	         Section 10.5.
 	  	 Waiver of Certain Covenants
 	  	 60
 
	         Section 10.6.
 	  	 Additional Sums
 	  	 61
 
	         Section 10.7.
 	  	 Additional Covenants of Company and Guarantor
 	  	 61
 
	         Section 10.8.
 	  	 Federal Tax Reports
 	  	 62
 
	 
	 ARTICLE XI    REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES
 	  	 62
 
	         Section 11.1.
 	  	 Applicability of this Article
 	  	 62
 
	         Section 11.2.
 	  	 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee
 	  	 62
 
	         Section 11.3.
 	  	 Selection of Securities to be Redeemed
 	  	 63
 
	         Section 11.4.
 	  	 Notice of Redemption
 	  	 63
 
	         Section 11.5.
 	  	 Deposit of Redemption Price
 	  	 64
 
	         Section 11.6.
 	  	 Payment of Securities Called for Redemption
 	  	 64
 
	         Section 11.7.
 	  	 Right of Redemption of Securities Initially Issued to the Issuer Trust
 	  	 65
 
	 
	 ARTICLE XII    SINKING FUNDS
 	  	 65
 

 
 

 iii 

  
 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont’d) 
  
 
	  	  	  	  	 Page(s)
 

	 ARTICLE XIII    SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES
 	  	         65
 
	         Section 13.1.
 	  	 Securities Subordinate to Senior Indebtedness
 	  	 65
 
	         Section 13.2.
 	  	 No Payment When Senior Indebtedness in Default; Payment Over of Proceeds Upon Dissolution, Etc.
 	  	 65
 
	         Section 13.3.
 	  	 Payment Permitted if No Default
 	  	 67
 
	         Section 13.4.
 	  	 Subrogation to Rights of Holders of Senior Indebtedness
 	  	 67
 
	         Section 13.5.
 	  	 Provisions Solely to Define Relative Rights
 	  	 68
 
	         Section 13.6.
 	  	 Trustee to Effectuate Subordination
 	  	 68
 
	         Section 13.7.
 	  	 No Waiver of Subordination Provisions
 	  	 68
 
	         Section 13.8.
 	  	 Notice to Trustee
 	  	 69
 
	         Section 13.9.
 	  	 Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent
 	  	 69
 
	         Section 13.10.
 	  	 Trustee Not Fiduciary for Holders of Senior Indebtedness
 	  	 70
 
	         Section 13.11.
 	  	 Rights of Trustee as Holder of Senior Indebtedness; Preservation of Trustee's Rights
 	  	 70
 
	         Section 13.12.
 	  	 Article Applicable to Paying Agents
 	  	 70
 
	         Section 13.13.
 	  	 Certain Conversions or Exchanges Deemed Payment
 	  	 70
 
	 
	 ARTICLE XIV    GUARANTEE AND INDEMNITY
 	  	 71
 
	         Section 14.1.
 	  	 The Guarantee
 	  	 71
 
	         Section 14.2.
 	  	 Subordination of Guarantee
 	  	 71
 
	 
	 ANNEX A
 	  	 73
 

 
 

 iv 

  
 JUNIOR SUBORDINATED INDENTURE 
  
 THIS JUNIOR SUBORDINATED INDENTURE, dated as of
                        , 2002 between AMERICAN SAFETY HOLDINGS CORP., a Georgia corporation (the “Company”),
having its principal office at 1845 The Exchange, Atlanta, Georgia 30339, AMERICAN SAFETY INSURANCE GROUP, LTD., a Bermuda company having its principal office at 44 Church Street, Hamilton HM HX, Bermuda (the “Guarantor”), and
DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AMERICAS, as Trustee, having its principal office at 31 West 52nd St., New
York, New York, New York 10019 (the “Trustee”). 
  
 RECITALS OF THE COMPANY 
  
 WHEREAS, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of its unsecured junior
subordinated deferrable interest debentures due                         , 2032 (the “Securities”) of
substantially the tenor hereinafter provided, including Securities issued to evidence loans made to the Company from the proceeds from the issuance from time to time by American Safety Capital Trust I, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Issuer
Trust”) of preferred undivided beneficial interests in the assets of such Issuer Trust (the “Preferred Securities”) and common undivided interests in the assets of such Issuer Trust (the “Common Securities”
and, collectively with the Preferred Securities, the “Trust Securities”), and to provide the terms and conditions upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered; and 
  
 WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

  
 WHEREAS, for value received, the Guarantor has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to
provide for the issuance of the Guarantee (as such term is defined in Section 1.1 hereof) and the indemnity provided for herein, and all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Guarantor, in accordance with its terms have
been done. 
  
 NOW THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH: 
  
 For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders (as such term is defined in Section 1.1 hereof) thereof, it is mutually
covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of any series thereof, and intending to be legally bound hereby, as follows: 
  
 ARTICLE 1 
  
 DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS
 
 OF GENERAL APPLICATION 
  
 SECTION 1.1    Definitions. 

 
 For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

  
 (a)  the terms defined in this Article I have the
meanings assigned to them in this Article, and include the plural as well as the singular; 
  
 (b)  all other terms used herein that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein; 
  
 (c)  the words “include,” “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without
limitation”; 
  
 (d)  all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the
meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as in effect at the time of computation; 
  
 (e)  whenever the context may require, any gender shall be deemed to include the other; 
  
 (f)  unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an “Article” or a “Section” refers to an Article or a Section, as the case may be, of this Indenture; and

  
 (g)  the words “hereby,” “herein,” “hereof” and
“hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision. 
  
 “Act” when used with respect to any Holder has the meaning specified in Section 1.4(a). 
  
 “Additional Interest” means the interest, if any, that shall accrue on any interest on the Securities of any series the payment of which has not been made on the applicable Interest
Payment Date and which shall accrue at the rate per annum specified or determined as specified in such Security. 
  
 “Additional Sums” has the meaning specified in Section 10.6. 
  
 “Additional
Taxes” means any additional taxes, duties and other governmental charges to which the Issuer Trust has become subject from time to time as a result of a Tax Event. 
  
 “Administrator” means, in respect of the Issuer Trust, each Person appointed in accordance with the Trust Agreement, solely in such Person’s capacity
as Administrator of the Issuer Trust and not in such Person’s individual capacity, or any successor Administrator appointed as therein provided. 
  
 “Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person.
For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities,
by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing. 
  
 “Agent Member” means any member of, or participant in, the Depositary. 
 

 2 

  
 “Applicable Procedures” means, with respect to any transfer or
transaction involving a Global Security or beneficial interest therein, the rules and procedures of the Depositary for such Global Security, in each case to the extent applicable to such transaction and as in effect from time to time. 

 
 “Authenticating Agent” means any Person authorized by the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.14 to act on behalf of
the Trustee to authenticate Securities. 
  
 “Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the
Company or the executive committee of the board of directors of the Company (or any other committee of the board of directors of the Company performing similar functions) or, for purposes of this Indenture, a committee designated by the board of
directors of the Company (or such committee), comprised of two or more members of the board of directors of the Company or officers of the Company, or both. 
  
 “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Company or Guarantor, as applicable, to have been duly adopted by the Board
of Directors, or such committee of the Board of Directors or officers of the Company or Guarantor, as applicable, to which authority to act on behalf of the Board of Directors has been delegated, and to be in full force and effect on the date of
such certification, and delivered to the Trustee. 
  
 “Business Day” means any day other than (a) a
Saturday or Sunday, (b) a day on which banking institutions in the State of Georgia or the City of New York are authorized or required by law or executive order to remain closed, or (c) a day on which the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, or,
with respect to the Securities initially issued to the Issuer Trust, the “Corporate Trust Office” (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee under the Trust Agreement, is closed for business.

  
 “Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted,
created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties on such date.

  
  “Common Securities” has the meaning specified in the first recital of this Indenture.

  
 “Common Stock” means the no par value common stock of the Company. 
  
 “Company” means the Person named as the “Company” in the preamble of this instrument until a successor
entity shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor entity. 
  
 “Company Request” and “Company Order” mean, respectively, the written request or order signed in the name of the Company by any Chairman
of the Board of Directors, any Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, its Chief Executive Officer, President or a Vice President, and by its Chief Financial Officer, its Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the
Trustee. 
 

 3 

  
 “Corporate Trust Office” means the principal office of the
Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered, which office at the date hereof is located at 100 Plaza One, MSJCY 03-0603, Jersey City, New Jersey 07311. 
  
 “Creditor” has the meaning specified in Section 6.7(c). 
  
 “Defaulted Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 3.8. 
  
 “Delaware Trustee” means, with respect to the Issuer Trust, the Person identified as the “Delaware Trustee” in the Trust Agreement, solely in its capacity as Delaware Trustee
of the Issuer Trust under the Trust Agreement and not in its individual capacity, or its successor in interest in such capacity, or any successor Delaware trustee appointed as therein provided. 
  

“Depositary” means, with respect to the Securities issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the Person
designated as Depositary by the Company pursuant to Section 3.1 (or any successor thereto). 
  
 “Direct
Action” has mean specified in Section 5.8. 
  
 “Discount Security” means any security that
provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2. 
  
 “Dollar” or “$” means the currency of the United States of America that, as at the time of payment, is legal tender for the payment of
public and private debts. 
  
 The term “entity” includes a bank, corporation, association, company,
limited liability company, joint–stock company or statutory trust. 
  
 “Event of Default,” has
the meaning specified in Article V. 
  
 “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and
any successor statute thereto, in each case as amended from time to time. 
  
 “Expiration Date” has
the meaning specified in Section 1.4. 
  
 “Extension Period” has the meaning specified in Section
3.12. 
  
 “Global Security” means a Security in the form prescribed in Section 2.4 evidencing all or
part of the Securities, issued to the Depositary or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depositary or its nominee. 
  
 “Guarantee” means the unconditional guarantee of payment of the principle of, any premium or interest (including Additional Interest, if any) on, and any Additional Sums with respect to the Securities by the
Guarantor as more fully set forth in Article XIV. 
  
 “Preferred Securities Guarantee Agreement”
means the Preferred Securities Guarantee Agreement with respect to the Preferred Securities of the Issuer Trust, dated
                        , 2002,
 
 

 4 

 
executed by the Guarantor for the benefit of the Holders of the Preferred Securities issued by the Issuer Trust as modified, amended or supplemented from time to time. 
  
 “Guarantor” means the Person named as the “Guarantor” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a
successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Guarantor” shall mean such successor Person. 
  
 “Guarantor’s Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Guarantor or any committee of that board duly authorized to act generally or in
any particular respect for the Guarantor hereunder. 
  
  “Holder” means a Person in whose name a
Security is registered in the Securities Register. 
  
 “Indenture” means this instrument as
originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof. 
  
 “Institutional Accredited Investor” means an institutional accredited investor within the meaning of Rule 501(a)(1), (2), (3) or (7) of Regulation D under
the Securities Act. 
  
 “Interest Payment Date” means the Stated Maturity of an installment of
interest on such Securities. 
  
 “Investment Company Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940
and any successor statute thereto, in each case as amended from time to time. 
  
  “Investment Company
Event” means the receipt by the Issuer Trust of an Opinion of Counsel, rendered by counsel experienced in such matters, to the effect that, as a result of the occurrence of a change in law or regulation or a written change (including any
announced prospective change) in interpretation or application of law or regulation by any legislative body, court, governmental agency or regulatory authority, there is more than an insubstantial risk that the Issuer Trust is or will be considered
an “investment company” that is required to be registered under the Investment Company Act, which change or prospective change becomes effective or would become effective, as the case may be, on or after the date of the issuance of the
Preferred Securities of the Issuer Trust. 
  
 “Issuer Trust” has the meaning specified in the first
recital of this Indenture. 
  
 “Junior Subordinated Debenture Guarantee Agreement” means the Junior
Subordinated Debenture Guarantee Agreement, dated                         , 2002, executed by the Guarantor for the benefit of
the Holders of the Securities issued by the Issuer as modified, amended or supplemented from time to time. 
  
 “Liquidation Amount” has the meaning assigned in the Trust Agreement. 
 

 5 

  
 “Maturity” when used with respect to any Security means the date
on which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise. 
  

“Notice of Default” means a written notice of the kind specified in Section 5.1(c). 
  
 “Officers’ Certificate” means, with respect to any Person, a certificate signed by the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President or a
Vice President, and by the Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, an Associate Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of such Person, and delivered to the Trustee. Any Officers’ Certificate delivered with
respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include: 
  
 (a)  a statement by each officer signing the Officers’ Certificate that such officer has read the covenant or condition and the definitions relating thereto; 
  
 (b)  a brief statement of the nature and scope of the examination or investigation undertaken by such officer in rendering the Officers’
Certificate; 
  
 (c)  a statement that such officer has made such examination or
investigation as, in such officer’s opinion, is necessary to enable such officer to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and 
  

(d)  a statement as to whether, in the opinion of such officer, such condition or covenant has been complied with; 
  
 provided, however, that the Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to the provisions of Section 10.4 hereof shall comply with the provisions of
Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act. 
  
 “Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel,
who may be counsel for or an employee of the Company or any Affiliate of the Company. 
  
 “Original Issue
Date” means the date of issuance specified as such in each Security. 
  
 “Outstanding”
means, when used in reference to any Securities, as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except: 
  
 (a)  Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; 
  
 (b)  Securities for whose payment money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee
or any Paying Agent in trust for the Holders of such Securities; and 
  
 (c)  Securities in
substitution for or in lieu of other Securities which have been authenticated and delivered or that have been paid pursuant to Section 3.6, unless proof satisfactory to the Trustee is presented that any such Securities are held by Holders in whose
hands such Securities are valid, binding and legal obligations of the Company; 
 

 6 

  
 provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of
Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor
(other than, for the avoidance of doubt, the Issuer Trust to which Securities of the applicable series were initially issued) shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected
in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities that the Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as
Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the
Company or such other obligor (other than, for the avoidance of doubt, the Issuer Trust). Upon the written request of the Trustee, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee promptly an Officers’ Certificate listing and identifying all
Securities, if any, known by the Company to be owned or held by or for the account of the Company, or any other obligor on the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such obligor (other than, for the avoidance of doubt, the Issuer Trust),
and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall be entitled to accept such Officers’ Certificate as conclusive evidence of the facts therein set forth and of the fact that all Securities not listed therein are Outstanding for
the purpose of any such determination. 
  
  “Paying Agent” means the Trustee or any Person
authorized by the Company to pay the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on, or other amounts in respect of any Securities on behalf of the Company. 
  
 “Person” means any individual, partnership, trust, unincorporated organization joint venture or entity (as defined herein) or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

  
 “Place of Payment” means, with respect to the Securities, the place or places where the
principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities are payable pursuant to Section 3.1. 
  
 “Predecessor Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security. For the purposes of this definition, any
security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.7 in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security. 
  
 “Preferred Securities” has the meaning specified in the first recital of this Indenture. 
  
 “Proceeding” has the meaning specified in Section 13.2. 
  
 “Property Trustee” means, with respect to the Issuer Trust, the Person identified as the “Property Trustee” in the Trust Agreement, solely in its
capacity as Property Trustee of the Issuer Trust under the Trust Agreement and not in its individual capacity, or its successor in interest in such capacity, or any successor property trustee appointed as therein provided. 
 

 7 

  
 “Redemption Date”, when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture or the terms of such Security. 
  
 “Redemption Price”, when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture. 
  
 “Regular Record Date” for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date with respect to the Securities means, unless otherwise provided pursuant to
Section 3.1 with respect to the Securities, the close of business on March 15, June 15, September 15 or December 15 next preceding such Interest Payment Date (whether or not a Business Day). 
  
 “Responsible Officer”, when used with respect to the Property Trustee means any officer assigned to the Corporate Trust Office, including any managing
director, principal, vice president, assistant vice president, assistant treasurer, assistant secretary or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and
having direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture, and also, with respect to a particular matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of such officer’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular
subject. 
  
  “Restricted Security” means each Security required pursuant to Section 3.6(c) to bear
a Restricted Securities Legend. 
  
 “Restricted Securities Certificate” means a certificate
substantially in the form set forth in Annex A. 
  
 “Restricted Securities Legend” means a legend
substantially in the form of the legend required in the form of Security set forth in Section 2.2 to be placed upon a Restricted Security. 
  
 “Securities” or “Security” means any debt securities or debt security, as the case may be, authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. 
  
 “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933 and any successor statute thereto, in each case as amended from time to
time. 
  
 “Securities Register” and “Securities Registrar” have the respective
meanings specified in Section 3.6(a). 
  
 “Senior Indebtedness” means, whether recourse is to all or
a portion of the assets of the Company and the Guarantor and whether or not contingent, (a) every obligation of the Company and the Guarantor for money borrowed; (b) every obligation of the Company and the Guarantor evidenced by bonds, debentures,
notes or other similar instruments, including obligations incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, assets or businesses; (c) every reimbursement obligation of the Company and the Guarantor with respect to letters of credit,
bankers’ acceptances or similar facilities issued for the account of the Company and the Guarantor, respectively; (d) every obligation of the Company and the Guarantor issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services
(but excluding trade accounts payable or accrued liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business); (e) every capital lease obligation of the Company and the Guarantor; (f) every obligation of the Company and the
 
 

 8 

 
Guarantor for claims (as defined in Section 101(4) of the United States Bankruptcy Code of 1978, as amended) in respect of derivative products such as interest and foreign exchange rate
contracts, commodity contracts and similar arrangements; and (g) every obligation of the type referred to in clauses (a) through (f) of another person and all dividends of another person the payment of which, in either case, the Company and the
Guarantor have guaranteed or are responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, as obligor or otherwise. Senior Indebtedness shall not include (a) any obligations which, by their terms, are expressly stated to rank pari passu in right of
payment with, or to not be superior in right of payment to, the Securities, (b) any Senior Indebtedness of the Company and the Guarantor which when incurred and without respect to any election under Section 1111(b) of the United States Bankruptcy
Code of 1978, as amended, was without recourse to the Company and the Guarantor, respectively, (c) any indebtedness of the Company and the Guarantor to any of its subsidiaries or Affiliates, (d) indebtedness to any executive officer or director of
the Company and the Guarantor, or (e) any indebtedness in respect of debt securities issued to any trust, or a trustee of such trust, partnership or other entity affiliated with the Company or the Guarantor that is a financing entity of the Company
or the Guarantor in connection with the issuance of such financing entity of securities that are similar to the Preferred Securities. 
  
 “Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.8. 
  
 “Stated Maturity,” when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified pursuant to
the terms of such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable, as such date may, in the case of such principal, be shortened or extended as provided pursuant to
the terms of such Security and this Indenture. 
  
 “Subsidiary” means an entity more than 50% of the
outstanding voting stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more other Subsidiaries. For purposes of this definition, “voting stock” means stock that
ordinarily has voting power for the election of directors, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock has such voting power by reason of any contingency. 
  
 “Successor Security” of any particular Security means every Security issued after, and evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by,
such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.7 in exchange for or in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as
the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security. 
  
 “Tax Event” means the receipt by the Issuer
Trust of an Opinion of Counsel, rendered by counsel experienced in such matters, to the effect that, as a result of any amendment to, or change (including any announced prospective change) in, the laws (or any regulations thereunder) of the United
States or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein, or as a result of any official or administrative pronouncement or action or judicial decision interpreting or applying such laws or regulations, which amendment or change is
effective or which pronouncement or decision is announced on or after the date of issuance of the Preferred Securities of the Issuer Trust, there is more than an insubstantial risk that (a) the Issuer
 
 

 9 

 
Trust is, or will be within 90 days of the delivery of such Opinion of Counsel, subject to United States federal income tax with respect to income received or accrued on the corresponding series
of Securities issued by the Company to the Issuer Trust, (b) interest payable by the Company on the Securities is not, or within 90 days of the delivery of such Opinion of Counsel will not be, deductible by the Company, in whole or in part, for
United States federal income tax purposes, (c) the deduction of interest payable by the Company on the Securities will be deferred or suspended for United States federal income tax purposes and the net present value of the benefits of such tax
deductions will be materially reduced or (d) the Issuer Trust is, or will be within 90 days of the delivery of such Opinion of Counsel, subject to more than a de minimis amount of other taxes, duties or other governmental charges.

  
  “Trust Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, dated as of , 2002, as
amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, among the trustees of the Issuer Trust named therein, the Company, as depositor, the Administrators and the holders from time to time of undivided beneficial ownership interests in the assets of
the Issuer Trust. 
  
 “Trustee” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the preamble of
this Indenture, solely in its capacity as such and not in its individual capacity, until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or
include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder and, if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities. 
  
 “Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended by the Trust Indenture Reform Act of 1990, or any
successor statute, in each case as amended from time to time, except as provided in Section 9.5. 
  
 “Trust
Securities” has the meaning specified in the first recital of this Indenture. 
  
 “Vice
President,” when used with respect to the Company, means any duly appointed vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title “vice president.” 
  
 SECTION 1.2.    Compliance Certificate and Opinions. 
  
 Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an
Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent (including covenants compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent), if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an
Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent (including covenants compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent), if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such
application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished. 

 10 

 Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture
(other than the certificates provided pursuant to Section 10.4) shall include: 
  
 (a)  a
statement by each individual signing such certificate or opinion that such individual has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating thereto; 
  
 (b)  a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions of such individual
contained in such certificate or opinion are based; 
  
 (c)  a statement that, in the
opinion of such individual, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him or her to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and 
  
 (d)  a statement as to whether, in the opinion of such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied
with. 
  
 SECTION 1.3.    Forms of Documents Delivered to Trustee. 
  
 (a)  In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is
not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters
and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents. 
  
 (b)  Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company or the Guarantor may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by,
counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to matters upon which his or her certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such
certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company or the Guarantor stating that the information with respect to
such factual matters is in the possession of the Company or the Guarantor, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.

  
 (c)  Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests,
consents, certificates, statements, opinions, or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument. 
  
 SECTION 1.4.    Acts of Holders. 
  
 (a)  Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given, made or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of
substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly

 

 11 

 
provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments is or are delivered to the Trustee, and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or
instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing
appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 6.1) conclusive in favor of the Trustee, the Company and the Guarantor, if made in the manner provided in this Section 1.4. 

 
 (b)  The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the
affidavit of a witness of such execution or by the certificate of any notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him or her the
execution thereof. Where such execution is by a Person acting in other than his or her individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his or her authority. 
  
 (c)  The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person
executing the same, may also be provided in any other manner that the Trustee deems sufficient and in accordance with such reasonable rules as the Trustee may determine. 
  
 (d)  The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Securities Register. 
  
 (e)  Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action by the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the
same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation
of such action is made upon such Security. 
  
 (f)  The Company may set any day as a record date for the
purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities entitled to give, make or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken by
Holders of Securities, provided that the Company may not set a record date for, and the provisions of this Section 1.4(f) shall not apply with respect to, the giving or making of any notice, declaration, request or direction referred to in Section
1.4(g). If any record date is set pursuant to this Section 1.4(f), the Holders of Outstanding Securities on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such
record date, provided, however that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date (as defined below) by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on such
record date. Nothing in this Section 1.4(f) shall be construed to prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this Section 1.4(f) (whereupon the record date previously
set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this Section 1.4(f) shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding
Securities on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this Section 1.4(f), the Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such
 
 

 12 

 
record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities in the manner set forth in Section 1.6.

  
 (g)    The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the
Holders of Outstanding Securities entitled to join in the giving or making of (i) any Notice of Default, (ii) any declaration of acceleration referred to in Section 5.2, (iii) any request to institute proceedings referred to in Section 5.7(b), or
(iv) any direction referred to in Section 5.12, in each case with respect to Securities. If any record date is set pursuant to this Section 1.4(g), the Holders of Outstanding Securities on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to
join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date, provided, however that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable
Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on such record date. Nothing in this Section 1.4(g) shall be construed to prevent the Trustee from setting a new record date for any action for which a record
date has previously been set pursuant to this Section 1.4(g) (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be canceled and of no effect) and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render
ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee, at the Company’s expense, shall
cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Company in writing and to each Holder of Securities in the manner set forth in Section 1.6. 
  
 (h)    With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section 1.4, the party hereto that sets such record date
may designate any day as the “Expiration Date” and from time to time may change the Expiration Date to any earlier or later day, provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the proposed new Expiration Date is
given to the other party hereto in writing, and to each Holder of Securities in the manner set forth in Section 1.6 on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration Date is not designated with respect to any record date set pursuant to
this Section, the party hereto that set such record date shall be deemed to have initially designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration Date with respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Expiration Date as provided in
this Section 1.4(h). Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Expiration Date shall be later than the 180th day after the applicable record date. 
  
 (i)     Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to take any action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with regard to all or any part of the principal amount of
such Security or by one or more duly appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with regard to all or any part of such principal amount. 
  
 SECTION 1.5    Notices, Etc. to Trustee and Company. 
  
 Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with:

  
 

 13 

  
 (a) the Trustee by any Holder, any holder of Preferred Securities or the Company
shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, or 
  
 (b) the Company by the Trustee, any Holder or any holder of Preferred Securities shall be sufficient for every purpose (except as otherwise provided in Section 5.1) hereunder if in writing and mailed,
first class, postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.

  
 SECTION 1.6.    Notice to Holders; Waiver. 
  
 Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein
expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected by such event, at the address of such Holder as it appears in the Securities Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the
earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. If, by reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular mail services or for any other reason, it shall be impossible or impracticable to mail notice of any event to Holders when said
notice is required to be given pursuant to any provision of this Indenture or of the Securities, then any manner of giving such notice as shall be satisfactory to the Trustee shall be deemed to be a sufficient giving of such notice. In any case
where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture
provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be
filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver. 
  
 SECTION 1.7.    Conflict with Trust Indenture Act. 
  
 If
any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision of the Trust Indenture Act that is required thereunder to be a part of and govern this Indenture, the provision of the Trust Indenture Act shall control. If any provision of this
Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust Indenture Act that may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or to be excluded, as the case may be. 

 
 SECTION 1.8.    Effect of Headings and Table of Contents. 
  
 The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

  
 SECTION 1.9.    Successors and Assigns. 
  

All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company and/or Guarantor shall bind their successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not. 

 14 

  
 SECTION
1.10.    Separability Clause. 
  
 If any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities
shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. 
  
 SECTION 1.11.    Holders of Preferred Securities as Third Party Beneficiaries. 
  
 The Company and the Guarantor hereby acknowledge that, to the extent specifically set forth herein, the holders of the Preferred
Securities of the Issuer Trust shall expressly be third party beneficiaries of this Indenture. The Company and the Guarantor further acknowledge that, if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and is attributable to the failure of the
Company and/or the Guarantor to pay the principal of or premium, if any, or interest with respect to the Securities of the Issuer Trust, any holder of the Preferred Securities of the Issuer may institute a Direct Action against the Company and/or
the Guarantor. 
  
 SECTION 1.12.    Benefits of Indenture.

  
 Except as provided in Section 1.11 and for the benefit of the parties hereto and their successors and
assigns, the holders of Senior Indebtedness and the Holders of the Securities, nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give to any Person, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this
Indenture. 
  
 SECTION 1.13.    Governing Law.

  
 THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK. 
  
 SECTION 1.14.    Non-Business Days.

  
 If any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day,
then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or the Securities) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) or other amounts in respect of such Security need not be made on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding
Business Day (and no interest shall accrue in respect of the amounts whose payment is so delayed for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity, as the case may be, until such next succeeding Business
Day) except that, if such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar year, such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day (in each case with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption
Date or at the Stated Maturity). 
 

 15 

  
 ARTICLE II 
  
 SECURITY FORMS 
  
 SECTION 2.1.    Forms Generally. 
  
 (a)  The
Securities and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the forms set forth in this Article II, or in such other form or forms as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such
legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with applicable tax laws or the rules of any securities exchange or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such securities, as evidenced by their
execution of the Securities. If the form of Securities is established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 3.3 with respect to the authentication and delivery of such Securities. The Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be substantially in the
form set forth in this Article. 
  
 (b)  The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or
engraved or produced by any combination of these methods, if required by any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed, on a steel engraved border or steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner permitted by the
rules of any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities. 
  
 (c)  Securities distributed to holders of Global Preferred Securities (as defined in the Trust Agreement) upon the dissolution of the Issuer Trust shall be
distributed in the form of one or more Global Securities registered in the name of a Depositary or its nominee, and deposited with the Securities Registrar, as custodian for such Depositary, or with such Depositary, for credit by the Depositary to
the respective accounts of the beneficial owners of the Securities represented thereby (or such other accounts as they may direct). Securities distributed to holders of Preferred Securities other than Global Preferred Securities upon the dissolution
of the Issuer Trust shall not be issued in the form of a Global Security or any other form intended to facilitate book-entry trading in beneficial interests in such Securities. 
  
 SECTION 2.2.    Form of Face of Security. 
  
 AMERICAN SAFETY HOLDINGS CORP. 
  
         % Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures due
                        , 2032 
  
  [If the Security is a Restricted Security, insert—THE SECURITIES EVIDENCED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”) AND
MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT (A) BY AN INITIAL INVESTOR THAT IS

 

 16 

 
NOT A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER WITHIN THE MEANING OF RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (I) TO A PERSON WHO THE TRANSFEROR REASONABLY BELIEVES IS A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER PURCHASING
FOR ITS OWN ACCOUNT OR FOR THE ACCOUNT OF A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER IN A TRANSACTION MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF RULE 144A, (II) IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION COMPLYING WITH THE PROVISIONS OF RULE 903 OR RULE 904 OF REGULATION S UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT, OR (III) PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT PROVIDED BY RULE 144 THEREUNDER (IF AVAILABLE), OR (B) BY AN INITIAL INVESTOR THAT IS A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER OR BY ANY SUBSEQUENT INVESTOR, AS SET
FORTH IN (A) ABOVE AND, IN ADDITION, TO AN INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITED INVESTOR IN A TRANSACTION EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT, AND, IN EACH CASE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS OF THE STATES AND
OTHER JURISDICTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES. THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY AGREES THAT IT WILL COMPLY WITH THE FOREGOING RESTRICTIONS. SECURITIES OWNED BY AN INITIAL INVESTOR THAT IS NOT A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER MAY NOT BE HELD IN GLOBAL FORM AND
MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED WITHOUT CERTIFICATION THAT THE TRANSFER COMPLIES WITH THE FOREGOING RESTRICTIONS, AS PROVIDED IN THE INDENTURE REFERRED TO BELOW. NO REPRESENTATION CAN BE MADE AS TO THE AVAILABILITY OF THE EXEMPTION PROVIDED BY RULE 144 FOR
RESALES OF THE SECURITIES.] 
  
 No.                                     
                                        
                                        
                                        
                           
$                 
  
 American Safety
Holdings Corp., a Georgia corporation (hereinafter called the “Company”, which term includes any successor Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to American Safety Capital
Trust I, or registered assigns, the principal sum of                          Dollars on
                        , 2032, or such other principal amount represented hereby as may be set forth in the records of the
Securities Registrar hereinafter referred to in accordance with the Indenture provided that the Company may shorten the Stated Maturity of the principal of this Security to a date not earlier than
                        , 2007. The Company further promises to pay interest on said principal from
                        , 2002, or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided
for, quarterly (subject to deferral as set forth herein) in arrears on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year, commencing December 31, 2002 at the rate of         % per annum, together
with Additional Sums, if any, as provided in Section 10.6 of the Indenture, until the principal hereof is paid or duly provided for or made available for payment; provided that any overdue principal, premium or Additional Sums and any overdue
installment of interest shall bear Additional Interest at the rate of         % per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), compounded quarterly from the dates
such amounts are due until they are paid or made available for payment, and such interest shall be payable on demand. The amount of interest payable for any period less than a full interest period shall be computed on the basis of a 360–day
year of twelve 30–day months and the actual days elapsed in a partial
 
 

 17 

 
month in such period. The amount of interest payable for any full interest period shall be computed by dividing the applicable rate per annum by four. The interest so payable, and punctually paid
or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as provided in the Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for
such interest installment, which shall be the 15th day of March, June, September and December (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided
for shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special Record
Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this series not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid at any time in any other lawful
manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, all as more fully provided in said Indenture. 
  
 So long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Company shall have the right, at any time during the term of this
Security, from time to time to defer the payment of interest on this Security for up to 20 consecutive quarterly interest payment periods with respect to each deferral period (each an “Extension Period”), during which Extension
Periods the Company shall have the right to make partial payments of interest on any Interest Payment Date, and at the end of which the Company shall pay all interest then accrued and unpaid including Additional Interest, as provided below;
provided however, that no Extension Period shall extend beyond the Stated Maturity of the principal of this Security, as then in effect, and no such Extension Period may end on a date other than an Interest Payment Date; and provided
further, however, that during any such Extension Period, the Company shall not (a) declare or pay any dividends or distributions on, or redeem, purchase, acquire or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of the Company’s capital
stock, or (b) make any payment of principal of or interest or premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any debt securities of the Company that rank pari passu in all respects with or junior in interest to this Security, (other than
(i) repurchases, redemptions or other acquisitions of shares of capital stock of the Company in connection with any employment contract, benefit plan or other similar arrangement with or for the benefit of any one or more employees, officers,
directors or consultants, in connection with a dividend reinvestment or stockholder stock purchase plan or in connection with the issuance of capital stock of the Company (or securities convertible into or exercisable for such capital stock) as
consideration in an acquisition transaction entered into prior to the applicable Extension Period, (ii) as a result of a reclassification, an exchange or conversion of any class or series of the Company’s capital stock (or any capital stock of
a Subsidiary of the Company) for any class or series of the Company’s capital stock or of any class or series of the Company’s indebtedness for any class or series of the Company’s capital stock, (iii) the purchase of fractional
interests in shares of the Company’s capital stock pursuant to the conversion or exchange provisions of such capital stock or the security being converted or exchanged, or (iv) any dividend in the form of stock, warrants, options or other
rights where the dividend stock or the stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants, options or other rights is the same stock as that on which the dividend is being paid or ranks pari passu with or junior to such stock). Prior to the
termination of any such Extension Period, the Company may further defer the payment of interest, provided that no Extension Period shall exceed 20 consecutive quarterly interest payment periods, extend beyond
 
 

 18 

 
the Stated Maturity of the principal of this Security or end on a date other than an Interest Payment Date. Upon the termination of any such Extension Period and upon the payment of all accrued
and unpaid interest and any Additional Interest then due on any Interest Payment Date, the Company may elect to begin a new Extension Period, subject to the above conditions. No interest shall be due and payable during an Extension Period, except at
the end thereof, but each installment of interest that would otherwise have been due and payable during such Extension Period shall bear Additional Interest (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable) at the rate
of     % per annum, compounded quarterly and calculated as set forth in the first paragraph of this Security, from the date on which such amounts would otherwise have been due and payable until paid or made available for payment.
The Company shall give the Holder of this Security and the Trustee notice of its election to begin any Extension Period at least one Business Day prior to the next succeeding Interest Payment Date on which interest on this Security would be payable
but for such deferral or so long as such securities are held by American Safety Capital Trust I, or at least one Business Day prior to the earlier of (a) the next succeeding date on which Distributions on the Preferred Securities of the Issuer Trust
would be payable but for such deferral, and (b) the date on which the Property Trustee of the Issuer Trust is required to give notice to holders of such Preferred Securities of the record date or the date such Distributions are payable, but in any
event not less than one Business Day prior to such record date. 
  
 Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest on this Security will be made at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in the United States, in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of
public and private debts; provided however, that at the option of the Company payment of interest may be made (a) by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Securities Register, or (b) if
to a Holder of $1,000,000 or more in aggregate principal amount of this Security, by wire transfer in immediately available funds upon written request to the Trustee not later than 15 calendar days prior to the date on which the interest is payable.

  
 The indebtedness evidenced by this Security is, to the extent provided in the Indenture, subordinate and subject
in right of payments to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness, and this Security is issued subject to the provisions of the Indenture with respect thereto. Each Holder of this Security, by accepting the same, (a) agrees to and shall
be bound by such provisions, (b) authorizes and directs the Trustee on his or her behalf to take such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination so provided, and (c) appoints the Trustee his or her attorney-in-fact
for any and all such purposes. Each Holder hereof, by his or her acceptance hereof, waives all notice of the acceptance of the subordination provisions contained herein and in the Indenture by each holder of Senior Indebtedness, whether now
outstanding or hereafter incurred, and waives reliance by each such holder upon said provisions. 
  
 Reference is
hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this place. 
 

 19 

 Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by
manual or facsimile signature, this Security shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose. 
  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly executed. 
  
  
 
	 AMERICAN SAFETY HOLDINGS CORP.
 
	 
	 By:
 	 	 

	  	 	 Name:
 Title:
 

 
  
 Attest: 
  
                                      
                                        
                           
 Secretary or
Assistant Secretary 
  
 This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the
within-mentioned Indenture. 
  
 Dated: 
  
 
	  DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AMERICAS,
 as Trustee

	 
	 By:
 	 	 

	  	 	 Authorized Signatory
 

 
  
 SECTION 2.3.    Form of Reverse of Security.

  
 This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the Company (herein called the
“Securities”), issued and to be issued under the Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of
                        , 2002 (herein called the “Indenture”), between the Company and Deutsche Bank Trust
Company Americas, as Trustee (herein called the “Trustee”, which term includes any successor trustee under the Indenture), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto reference is hereby made for a statement of the
respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee, the holders of Senior Indebtedness and the Holders of the Securities, and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be,
authenticated and delivered. This Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof, limited in aggregate principal amount to $                . 

 
 All terms used in this Security that are defined in the Indenture or, if not defined in the Indenture, in the Amended and
Restated Trust Agreement dated as of                         , 2002 (as

 

 20 

 
modified, amended or supplemented from time to time the “Trust Agreement”), relating to American Safety Capital Trust I (the “Issuer Trust”) among the Company,
as Depositor, the Trustees named therein and the Holders from time to time of the Trust Securities issued pursuant thereto shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture or the Trust Agreement, as the case may be. 
  
 The Company has the right to redeem this Security (a) on or after
                        , 2007, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, or (b) in whole (but not in part), at any time
within 180 days following the occurrence and during the continuation of a Tax Event or Investment Company Event, in each case at the Redemption Price described below, and subject to possible regulatory approval. The Redemption Price shall equal 100%
of the principal amount hereof being redeemed, together with accrued interest to but excluding the date fixed for redemption. 
  
 In the event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new Security or Securities for the unredeemed portion hereof will be issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof. 
  
 [If applicable, insert—The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance at any time [of the entire indebtedness of this
Security] [or] [certain restrictive covenants and Events of Default with respect to this Security] [, in each case] upon compliance by the Company with certain conditions set forth in the Indenture.] 
  
 The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the Company and the Trustee at any time to enter into a supplemental
indenture or indentures for the purpose of modifying in any manner the rights and obligations of the Company and of the Holders of the Securities, with the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities to be affected by such supplemental indenture. The Indenture also contains provisions permitting Holders of specified percentages in principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the Holders of all Securities,
to waive compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such
Holder and upon all future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.

  
 [If the Security is not a Discount Security, insert—As provided in and subject to the provisions of
the Indenture, if an Event of Default with respect to the Securities at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then and in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities may declare the principal amount of all the Securities to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), provided that, if upon an Event of Default, the Trustee or such
Holders fail to declare the principal of all the Outstanding Securities to be immediately due and payable, the holders of at least 25% in aggregate Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities then outstanding shall have the right to make such
declaration by a notice in writing to the Company and the Trustee; and upon any such declaration the principal amount of and the accrued interest (including any Additional Interest) on all the Securities shall
 
 

 21 

 
become immediately due and payable, provided that the payment of principal and interest (including any Additional Interest) on such Securities shall remain subordinated to the extent
provided in Article XIII of the Indenture.] 
  
 [If the Security is a Discount Security, insert—As
provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, if an Event of Default with respect to the Securities at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then and in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in
aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities may declare an amount of principal of the Securities to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), provided that, if upon
an Event of Default, the Trustee or such Holders fail to declare such principal amount of the Outstanding Securities to be immediately due and payable, the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities then
outstanding shall have the right to make such declaration by a notice in writing to the Company and the Trustee. The principal amount payable upon such acceleration shall be equal to [insert formula for determining the amount]. Upon any such
declaration, such amount of the principal of and the accrued interest (including any Additional Interest) on all the Securities shall become immediately due and payable, provided that the payment of such principal and interest (including any
Additional Interest) on all the Securities shall remain subordinated to the extent provided in Article XIII of the Indenture. Upon payment (a) of the amount of principal so declared due and payable and (b) of interest on any overdue principal,
premium and interest (in each case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), all of the Company’s obligations in respect of the payment of the principal of and premium and interest, if any, on this Security
shall terminate.] 
  
 No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or of the Indenture
shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest (including Additional Interest) on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or
currency, herein prescribed. 
  
 As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth,
the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Securities Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company maintained under Section 10.2 of the Indenture for such purpose, duly
endorsed by, or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Securities Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or such Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more
new Securities, of like tenor, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees. 
  
 As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, Securities are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount of Securities and of
like tenor of a different authorized denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same. 
  
 No service
charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith. 
 

 22 

  
 Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer, the
Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor
any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary. 
  
 The Company and, by its acceptance of this Security
or a beneficial interest therein, the Holder of, and any Person that acquires a beneficial interest in, this Security agrees that for United States federal, state and local tax purposes it is intended that this Security constitute indebtedness.

  
 THIS SECURITY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

  
 THIS SECURITY IS A DIRECT AND UNSECURED OBLIGATION OF THE COMPANY, DOES NOT EVIDENCE DEPOSITS AND IS NOT
INSURED BY THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION OR ANY OTHER INSURER OR GOVERNMENT AGENCY. 
  
 SECTION 2.4.    Additional Provisions Required in Global Security. 
  
 Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, any Global Security issued hereunder shall, in addition to the provisions contained in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, bear a legend in substantially the following form: 

 
 THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS
REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF A DEPOSITARY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE
INDENTURE AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE
INDENTURE. 
  
 SECTION 2.5.    Form of Trustee’s
Certificate of Authentication. 
  
 The Trustee’s certificates of authentication shall be in substantially
the following form: 
  
 This is one of the Securities referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture. 

 
 Dated: 
 
	 DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AMERICAS,
 
	 
	  	 	 as Trustee
 
	  	 	  

 
 

 23 

  
 
	  
	 
	 By:
 	 	 Authorized Signatory  
 

	  	 	  

 
  
 ARTICLE III 
  

THE SECURITIES 
  
 SECTION
3.1.    Title And Terms. 
  
 (a)  The aggregate principal amount of Securities
that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is $            . 
  
 (b)  Subject to Section 3.16, the Securities’ Stated Maturity shall be
                        , 2032. 
  
 (c)  The Securities, established pursuant to a Board Resolution, shall bear interest at a per annum rate equal to         % from
                        , 2001 or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided
for, as the case may be, payable quarterly (subject to deferral as set forth in Section 3.12), in arrears, on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year, commencing December 31, 2002, until the principal thereof is paid or made
available for payment. Interest will compound quarterly and will accrue at a per annum rate equal to         % to the extent permitted by applicable law, on any interest installment in arrears for more than
one quarterly period or during an extension of an interest payment period as set forth below in Section 3.12. 
  
 (d)  The principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities shall be payable at the office or agency of the Paying Agent in the United States maintained for such purpose and at any other office or agency
maintained by the Company for such purpose in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts; provided, however, that at the option of the Company
payment of interest may be made (i) by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register or (ii) if to a Holder of $1,000,000 or more in aggregate principal amount of this Security, by
wire transfer in immediately available funds upon written request to the Trustee not later than 15 calendar days prior to the date on which the interest is payable, at such place and to such account as may be designated by the Person entitled
thereto as specified in the Security Register. 
  
 (e)  Securities may be issuable in whole or in part in
the form of one or more Global Securities and, in such case, the Depositary for such Global Securities shall be The Depository Trust Company. 
  
 (f)  The securities shall be subordinated in right of payment to Senior Indebtedness as provided in Article XIII. 
  
 SECTION 3.2    Denominations. 
  
 The Securities shall be in registered form without coupons and shall be issuable in denominations of $10 and any integral multiple thereof. 
 

 24 

 SECTION 3.3.    Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating. 
  
 (a)  The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, its Vice Chairman of the Board, its
Chief Executive Officer, President or one of its Vice Presidents, and attested by its Secretary or one of its Assistant Secretaries. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile. 
  
 (b)  Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the
Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities. At any
time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such
Securities, and the Trustee in accordance with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If the form or terms of the Securities have been established by or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by Sections
2.1 and 3.1, in authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 6.1) shall be fully protected in
relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating: 
  
 (i)  if the form of such Securities has
been established by or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 2.1, that such form has been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; 
  
 (ii)  if the terms of such Securities have been established by or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 3.1, that such terms have
been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and 
  
 (iii)  that
such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company
enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights and to general equity
principles. 
  
 (c)  If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be required to
authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee. 
  
 (d)  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.1 and Section 3.3(b), if
all Securities are not to be originally issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers’ Certificate otherwise required pursuant to Section 3.1 or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel otherwise required pursuant to
Section 3.3(b) at or prior to the authentication of each Security if such documents are delivered at or prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the first Security to be issued. 
 

 25 

  
 (e)  Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

  
 (f)  No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for
any purpose, unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein executed by the Trustee by the manual or facsimile signature of one of its authorized officers, and such certificate
upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but
never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 3.10, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and
delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. 
  
 SECTION 3.4.    Temporary Securities. 
  
 (a)  Pending the preparation of definitive Securities, the Company may execute, and upon receipt of a Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities that are printed, lithographed,
typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the
officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities. 
  
 (b)  If temporary Securities are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities, the temporary Securities shall be exchangeable
for definitive Securities upon surrender of the temporary Securities at the office or agency of the Company designated for that purpose without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities, the
Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more definitive securities, of any authorized denominations having the same Original Issue Date and Stated Maturity and having the same terms as such
temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities. 
  
 SECTION 3.5.    Global Securities. 
  
 (a)  Each Global Security issued under this Indenture shall be registered in the name of the Depositary designated by the Company for such Global Security or a
nominee thereof and delivered to such Depositary or a nominee thereof or custodian therefor, and each such Global Security shall constitute a single Security for all purposes of this Indenture. 
  

(b)  Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, no Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered, and no
transfer of a Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in the name of any Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof unless (i) such Depositary advises the Trustee in writing that such Depositary is
no longer willing or able to properly discharge its responsibilities as Depositary with respect to such Global Security, and the Company is unable to locate a qualified

 

 26 

 
successor within 90 days of receipt of such notice from the Depositary, (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee a Company Order stating that the Company elects to terminate the
book-entry system through the Depositary, or (iii) there shall have occurred and be continuing an Event of Default. 
  
 (c)  If any Global Security is to be exchanged for other Securities or cancelled in whole, it shall be surrendered by or on behalf of the Depositary or its nominee to the Securities Registrar for exchange or cancellation as
provided in this Article III. If any Global Security is to be exchanged for other Securities or canceled in part, or if another Security is to be exchanged in whole or in part for a beneficial interest in any Global Security, then either (i) such
Global Security shall be so surrendered for exchange or cancellation as provided in this Article III or (ii) the principal amount thereof shall be reduced, or increased by an amount equal to the portion thereof to be so exchanged or canceled, or
equal to the principal amount of such other Security to be so exchanged for a beneficial interest therein, as the case may be, by means of an appropriate adjustment made on the records of the Securities Registrar, whereupon the Trustee, in
accordance with the Applicable Procedures, shall instruct the Depositary or its authorized representative to make a corresponding adjustment to its records. Upon any such surrender or adjustment of a Global Security by the Depositary, accompanied by
registration instructions, the Trustee shall, subject to Section 3.6(b) and as otherwise provided in this Article III, authenticate and deliver any Securities issuable in exchange for such Global Security (or any portion thereof) in accordance with
the instructions of the Depositary. The Trustee shall not be liable for any delay in delivery of such instructions and may conclusively rely on, and shall be fully protected in relying on, such instructions. 
  
 (d)  Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global
Security or any portion thereof, whether pursuant to this Article III, Section 9.6 or 11.6 or otherwise, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and shall be, a Global Security, unless such Security is registered in the name of a Person
other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof. 
  
 (e)  The Depositary or its
nominee, as the registered owner of a Global Security, shall be the Holder of such Global Security for all purposes under this Indenture and the Securities, and owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security shall hold such interests pursuant
to the Applicable Procedures. Accordingly, any such owner’s beneficial interest in a Global Security shall be shown only on, and the transfer of such interest shall be effected only through, records maintained by the Depositary or its nominee
or agent. Neither the Trustee nor the Securities Registrar shall have any liability in respect of any transfers effected by the Depositary. 
  
 (f)  The rights of owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security shall be exercised only through the Depositary and shall be limited to those established by law and agreements between
such owners and the Depositary and/or its Agent Members. 
  
 SECTION 3.6.    Registration, Transfer
and Exchange Generally; Certain Transfers and Exchanges; Securities Act Legends. 
  
 (a)  The Company
shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee a register in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall

 

 27 

 
provide for the registration of Securities and transfers of Securities. Such register is herein sometimes referred to as the “Securities Register.” The Trustee is hereby
appointed “Securities Registrar” for the purpose of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided. 
  
 Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security at the offices or agencies of the Company designated for that purpose, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of any authorized denominations of like tenor and aggregate principal amount and bearing such restrictive legends as may be required by this Indenture.

  
 At the option of the Holder, Securities may be exchanged for other Securities of any authorized denominations, of
like tenor and aggregate principal amount and bearing such restrictive legends as may be required by this Indenture, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any securities are so surrendered for exchange,
the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities that the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. 
  
 All Securities issued upon any transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the
Securities surrendered upon such transfer or exchange. 
  
 Every Security presented or surrendered for transfer or
exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Securities Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or such
Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing. 
  
 No service charge shall be made to a Holder for any transfer
or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer or exchange of Securities. 
  
 Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be required, pursuant to the provisions of this Section, (i) to issue, exchange or register the
transfer of any Security during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of selection for redemption of Securities pursuant to Article XI and ending at the close of business on the day of mailing of the notice of
redemption, or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except, in the case of any such Security to be redeemed in part, any portion thereof not to be redeemed. 

 
 (b)  Certain Transfers and Exchanges.    Notwithstanding any other provision of
this Indenture, transfers and exchanges of Securities and beneficial interests in a Global Security shall be made only in accordance with this Section 3.6(b). 
  
 (i)  Restricted Non-Global Security to Global Security.    If the Holder of a Restricted Security (other than a Global
Security) wishes at any time to transfer all or any portion of such Security to a Person who wishes to take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in a Global Security, such transfer may be effected only in accordance with the
provisions of this clause (b)(i) and subject to the Applicable
 
 

 28 

 
Procedures. Upon receipt by the Securities Registrar of (A) such Security as provided in Section 3.6(a) and instructions satisfactory to the Securities Registrar directing that a beneficial
interest in the Global Security in a specified principal amount not greater than the principal amount of such Security be credited to a specified Agent Member’s account and (B) a Restricted Securities Certificate duly executed by such Holder or
such Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing, then the Securities Registrar shall cancel such Security (and issue a new Security in respect of any untransferred portion thereof) as provided in Section 3.6(a) and increase the aggregate
principal amount of the Global Security by the specified principal amount as provided in Section 3.5(c). 
  
 (ii)  Non-Global Security to Non-Global Security.    A Security that is not a Global Security may be transferred, in whole or in part, to a Person who takes delivery in the form of another
Security that is not a Global Security as provided in Section 3.6(a), provided that if the Security to be transferred in whole or in part is a Restricted Security, the Securities Registrar shall have received a Restricted Securities
Certificate duly executed by the transferor Holder or such Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing. 
  
 (iii)  Exchanges Between Global Security and Non-Global Security.    A beneficial interest in a Global Security may be exchanged for a Security that is not a Global Security as provided in Section
3.5. 
  
 (iv)  Certain Initial Transfers of Non-Global
Securities.    In the case of Securities initially issued other than in global form, an initial transfer or exchange of such Securities that does not involve any change in beneficial ownership may be made to an Institutional
Accredited Investor or Investors as if such transfer or exchange were not an initial transfer or exchange; provided, however that written certification shall be provided by the transferee and transferor of such Securities to the Securities
Registrar that such transfer or exchange does not involve a change in beneficial ownership. 
  
 (c)  Restricted Securities Legend.    Except as set forth below, all Securities shall bear a Restricted Securities Legend: 
  
 (i)  subject to the following clauses of this Section 3.6(c), a Security or any portion thereof that is exchanged, upon transfer or otherwise, for
a Global Security or any portion thereof shall bear the Restricted Securities Legend while represented thereby; 
  
 (ii)  subject to the following clauses of this Section 3.6(c), a new Security which is not a Global Security and is issued in exchange for another Security (including a Global Security) or any portion thereof, upon transfer
or otherwise, shall, if such new Security is required pursuant to Section 3.6(b)(ii) or (iii) to be issued in the form of a Restricted Security, bear a Restricted Securities Legend; 
  
 (iii)  a new Security (other than a Global Security) that does not bear a Restricted Security Legend may be issued in exchange for or in lieu of a
Restricted Security or any portion thereof that bears such a legend if, in the Company’s judgment, placing such a legend upon such new Security is not necessary to ensure compliance with the registration requirements of the Securities Act, and
the Trustee, at the written
 
 

 29 

 
direction of the Company in the form of an Officer’s Certificate, shall authenticate and deliver such a new Security as provided in this Article III; 
  
 (iv)  notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.6(c), a Successor Security of a Security that
does not bear a Restricted Securities Legend shall not bear such form of legend unless the Company has reasonable cause to believe that such Successor Security is a “restricted security” within the meaning of Rule 144, in which case the
Trustee, at the written direction of the Company in the form of an Officer’s Certificate, shall authenticate and deliver a new Security bearing a Restricted Securities Legend in exchange for such Successor Security as provided in this Article
III; and 
  
 (v)  Securities distributed to a holder of Preferred Securities upon
dissolution of an Issuer Trust shall bear a Restricted Securities Legend if the Preferred Securities so held bear a similar legend. 
  
 SECTION 3.7.    Mutilated, Lost and Stolen Securities. 
  
 (a)  If any mutilated Security, including any temporary Securities, is surrendered to the Trustee together with such security or indemnity as may be required by the Company or the Trustee to save each of them harmless, the
Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security, of like tenor and aggregate principal amount, bearing the same legends, and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. 

 
 (b)  If there shall be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the
destruction, loss or theft of any Security, and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona
fide purchaser or a protected purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security, of like tenor and aggregate principal
amount and bearing the same legends as such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. 
  
 (c)  If any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

  
 (d)  Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section 3.7, the Company may require the payment
of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. 
  
 (e)  Every new Security issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an
original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with
any and all other Securities duly issued hereunder. 
 

 30 

  
 (f)  The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude
(to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities. 
  
 SECTION 3.8.    Payment of Interest and Additional Interest; Interest Rights Preserved. 
  
 (a)  Interest and Additional Interest on any Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date, shall be paid to the Person in whose name
that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest in respect of Securities, except that, unless otherwise provided in the Securities, interest payable on the
Stated Maturity of the principal of a Security shall be paid to the Person to whom principal is paid. The initial payment of interest on any Security that is issued between a Regular Record Date and the related Interest Payment Date shall be payable
as provided in such Security or in the Board Resolution pursuant to Section 3.1 with respect to the Securities. 
  
 (b)  Any interest on any Security that is due and payable, but is not timely paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities (herein called “Defaulted Interest”), shall forthwith
cease to be payable to the registered Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (i) or (ii) below:

  
 (i)  The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in
whose names the Securities in respect of which interest is in default (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in
the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security and the date of the proposed payment, and which shall be fixed at the same time the Company shall deposit
with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money
when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon, the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be not
more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special
Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first class, postage prepaid, to each Holder of a Security at
the address of such Holder as it appears in the Securities Register not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. The Trustee may, in its discretion, in the name and at the expense of the Company, cause a similar notice to be published at
least once in a newspaper, customarily published in the English language on each Business Day and of general circulation in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, but such publication shall not be a condition precedent to the establishment
of such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special

 

 31 

 
Record Date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are
registered on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (ii). 
  
 (ii)  The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities in respect of which interest is in default
may be listed and, upon such notice as may be required by such exchange (or by the Trustee if the Securities are not listed), if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause (ii), such payment
shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee. 
  
 (c)  Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section,
each Security delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue interest, that were carried by such other Security. 

 
 SECTION 3.9    Persons Deemed Owners. 
  
 (a)  The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall treat the Person in whose name any Security is
registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and (subject to Section 3.8) any interest on such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and none of the
Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary. 
  
 (b)  No holder of any beneficial interest in any Global Security held on its behalf by a Depositary shall have any rights under this Indenture with respect to such Global Security, and such Depositary may be treated by the
Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the owner of such Global Security for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or
the Trustee from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by a Depositary or impair, as between a Depositary and such holders of beneficial interests, the operation of customary practices governing the
exercise of the rights of the Depositary (or its nominee) as Holder of any Security. 
  
 SECTION 3.10.    Cancellation. 
  
 All Securities
surrendered for payment, redemption, transfer or exchange shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee, and any such Securities, and Securities surrendered directly to the Trustee for any such purpose,
shall be promptly canceled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder that the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Securities so
delivered shall be promptly canceled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities canceled as provided in this Section 3.10, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All

 

 32 

 
canceled Securities shall be destroyed by the Trustee and the Trustee shall deliver to the Company a certificate of such destruction. 
  
 SECTION 3.11.    Computation of Interest. 
  
 Interest on the Securities for any period shall be computed on the basis of a 360–day year of twelve 30–day months and the actual number of days elapsed in any
partial month in such period, and interest on the Securities for a full period shall be computed by dividing the rate per annum by the number of interest periods that together constitute a full twelve months. 
  
 SECTION 3.12.    Deferrals of Interest Payment Dates. 
  
 (a)  So long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Company shall have the right, at any time during the
term of the Securities, from time to time to defer the payment of interest on such Securities for such period or periods (each an “Extension Period”) not to exceed the number of consecutive interest periods that equal 20 consecutive
quarterly periods with respect to each Extension Period, during which Extension Periods the Company shall have the right to make partial payments of interest on any Interest Payment Date. No Extension Period shall end on a date other than an
Interest Payment Date. At the end of any such Extension Period, the Company shall pay all interest then accrued and unpaid on the Securities (together with Additional Interest thereon, if any, at the rate specified for the Securities to the extent
permitted by applicable law); provided, however, that no Extension Period shall extend beyond the Stated Maturity of the principal of the Securities; and provided further, however, that, during any such Extension Period, the Company
shall not (i) declare or pay any dividends or distributions on, or redeem, purchase, acquire or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of the Company’s capital stock, or (ii) make any payment of principal of or interest or premium, if
any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any debt securities of the Company that rank pari passu in all respects with or junior in interest to the Securities (other than (A) repurchases, redemptions or other acquisitions of shares of capital
stock of the Company in connection with any employment contract, benefit plan or other similar arrangement with or for the benefit of any one or more employees, officers, directors or consultants, in connection with a dividend reinvestment or
stockholder stock purchase plan or in connection with the issuance of capital stock of the Company (or securities convertible into or exercisable for such capital stock) as consideration in an acquisition transaction entered into prior to the
applicable Extension Period, (B) as a result of a reclassification, an exchange or conversion of any class or series of the Company’s capital stock (or any capital stock of a Subsidiary of the Company) for any class or series of the
Company’s capital stock or of any class or series of the Company’s indebtedness for any class or series of the Company’s capital stock, (C) the purchase of fractional interests in shares of the Company’s capital stock pursuant to
the conversion or exchange provisions of such capital stock or the security being converted or exchanged, or (D) any dividend in the form of stock, warrants, options or other rights where the dividend stock or the stock issuable upon exercise of
such warrants, options or other rights is the same stock as that on which the dividend is being paid or ranks pari passu with or junior to such stock). Prior to the termination of any such Extension Period, the Company may further defer the
payment of interest, provided that no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and provided further, that no Extension Period shall exceed the period or periods specified in such Securities, extend beyond the Stated Maturity of
the principal of such Securities or end on a date other than an Interest Payment Date. Upon 
 

 33 

 
the termination of any such Extension Period and upon the payment of all accrued and unpaid interest and any Additional Interest then due on any Interest Payment Date, the Company may elect to
begin a new Extension Period, subject to the above conditions. No interest or Additional Interest shall be due and payable during an Extension Period, except at the end thereof, but each installment of interest that would otherwise have been due and
payable during such Extension Period shall bear Additional Interest. The Company shall give the Holders of the Securities and the Trustee notice of its election to begin any such Extension Period at least one Business Day prior to the next
succeeding Interest Payment Date on which interest on Securities would be payable but for such deferral or, with respect to any Securities issued to the Issuer Trust, so long as any such Securities are held by the Issuer Trust, at least one Business
Day prior to the earlier of (x) the next succeeding date on which Distributions (as defined in the Trust Agreement) on the Preferred Securities of the Issuer Trust would be payable but for such deferral, and (y) the date on which the Property
Trustee of the Issuer Trust is required to give notice to holders of such Preferred Securities of the record date or the date such Distributions are payable, but in any event not less than one Business Day prior to such record date. 

 
 (b)  The Trustee shall promptly give notice of the Company’s election to begin any such Extension Period to the
Holders of the Outstanding Securities. 
  
 SECTION
3.13.    Right of Set-Off. 
  
 With respect to the Securities initially issued to the
Issuer Trust, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Company shall have the right to set off any payment it is otherwise required to make in respect of any such Security to the extent the Company or the Guarantor has theretofore made,
or is concurrently on the date of such payment making, a payment under the Guarantee or to a holder of Preferred Securities pursuant to an action undertaken under Section 5.8 of this Indenture. 
  

SECTION 3.14.    Agreed Tax Treatment. 
  
 Each Security issued hereunder shall provide that the Company and, by its acceptance of a Security or a beneficial interest therein, the Holder of, and any Person that
acquires a beneficial interest in, such Security agree that for United States federal, state and local tax purposes it is intended that such Security constitutes indebtedness. 
  
 SECTION 3.15.    CUSIP Numbers. 
  
 The Company, in issuing the Securities, may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in notice of redemption and other similar or related materials as a
convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice or other materials may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of redemption or other
materials and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. 
 

 34 

  
 SECTION
3.16.    Shortening of Stated Maturity. 
  
 The Company shall have the right to shorten
the Stated Maturity of the principal of the Securities at any time to any date not earlier than                         , 2007,
provided that the Company shall give notice to the Holders, the Trustee and, in the case of Securities issued to an Issuer Trust, the Issuer Trust of such shortening no less than 90 days prior to the effectiveness thereof. 
  
 ARTICLE IV 
  
 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE 
  
 SECTION
4.1.    Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. 
  
 This Indenture shall, upon Company
Request, cease to be of further effect (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities herein expressly provided for and as otherwise provided in this Section 4.1) and the Trustee, on demand of and at the
expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when: 
  
 (a)  either 
  
 (i)  all Securities theretofore
authenticated and delivered (other than (A) Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.7 and (B) Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or
segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 10.3) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or 
  
 (ii)  all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation 
  
 (A)  have become due and payable, 
  
 (B)  will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year of the date of deposit, or 
  
 (C)  are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the
giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, 
  
 and the Company, in the case of subclause
(ii)(A), (B) or (C) above, has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose an amount in the currency or currencies in which the Securities are payable sufficient to pay and discharge the entire
indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for the principal (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest) to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities that have
become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be; 
 

 35 

  
 (b)  the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder by the Company; and 
  
 (c)  the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with. 
  
 Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 6.7, the obligations of the Company to
any Authenticating Agent under Section 6.14 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (ii) of clause (a) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 4.2 and the last paragraph of Section 10.3
shall survive. 
  
 SECTION 4.2.    Application of Trust Money.

  
 Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all money deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Section 4.1 shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own
Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if any) and interest and Additional Interest for the payment of which such money or obligations have been deposited with or received by the
Trustee. 
  
 ARTICLE V 
  
 REMEDIES 
 SECTION 5.1.    Events of Default.

  
 “Event of Default”, wherever used herein with respect to the Securities, means any one of
the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any
administrative or governmental body): 
  
 (a)  default in the payment of any interest upon
any Security, including any Additional Interest in respect thereof, when it becomes due and payable and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (subject to the deferral of any due date in the case of an Extension Period); 

 
 (b)  default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security at its Stated
Maturity; 
  
 (c)  failure on the part of the Company or the Guarantor duly to observe or
perform any other of the covenants or agreements on the part of the Company or the Guarantor in the Securities or in this Indenture for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure (a “Notice of
Default”), requiring the Company or the Guarantor to remedy the same, shall have been given to the Company or the Guarantor by the Trustee by registered or

 

 36 

 
certified mail or to the Company, the Guarantor and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities; or 
  
 (d)  the occurrence of the appointment of a receiver or other similar official in any liquidation, insolvency or
similar proceeding with respect to the Company, Guarantor or all or substantially all of the Company or Guarantor’s property; or a court or other governmental agency shall enter a decree or order appointing a receiver or similar official with
respect to the Company or Guarantor and such decree or order shall remain unstayed and undischarged for a period of 60 days. 
  
 SECTION 5.2.    Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. 
  
 (a)  If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(d)) with respect to Securities at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then, and in every such case, the Trustee or the Holders
of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities may declare the principal amount (or, if the Securities are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms) of all the
Securities to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), provided, however that, if, upon an Event of Default, the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities fail to declare the principal of all the Outstanding Securities to be immediately due and payable, the holders of at least 25% in aggregate Liquidation Amount (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of the Preferred
Securities issued by the Issuer Trust then outstanding shall have the right to make such declaration by a notice in writing to the Company and the Trustee; and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified portion thereof) of and the
accrued interest (including any Additional Interest) on all the Securities shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(d) with respect to Securities at the time Outstanding occurs, the principal amount
of all the Securities (or, if the Securities are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount of such Securities as may be specified by the terms) shall automatically, and without any declaration or other action on the part of the
Trustee or any Holder, become immediately due and payable. Payment of principal and interest (including any Additional Interest) on such Securities shall remain subordinated to the extent provided in Article XIII notwithstanding that such amount
shall become immediately due and payable as herein provided. 
  
 (b)  At any time after such a declaration
of acceleration with respect to the Securities has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article V, provided the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: 
  
 (i)  the Company or the Guarantor have paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay: 
  
 (A)  all overdue installments of interest on all Securities; 
  
 (B)  any accrued Additional Interest on all Securities; 
 

 37 

  
 (C)  the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any
Securities that have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and interest and Additional Interest thereon at the rate borne by the Securities; and 
  
 (D)  all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its
agents and counsel; and 
  
 (ii)  all Events of Default with respect to Securities, other
than the non-payment of the principal of Securities that has become due solely by such acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13. 
  
 (c)  If the Holders of Securities fail to annul such declaration and waive such default, the holders of a majority in aggregate Liquidation Amount (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of
Preferred Securities issued by the Issuer Trust then outstanding shall also have the right to rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set
forth in clauses (a) and (b) above of this Section 5.2. 
  
 (d)  No such rescission shall affect any
subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon. 
  
 SECTION
5.3.    Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. 
  
 (a)  The Company covenants that if: 
  
 (i)  default is made in
the payment of any installment of interest (including any Additional Interest) on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days or 
  

(ii)  default is made in the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Security at the Stated Maturity thereof, 

 
 then the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities, the whole amount then due and
payable on the Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest), and, in addition thereto, all amounts owing the Trustee under Section 6.7. 
  
 (b)  If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a
judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce the same against the Company, the Guarantor and/or any other obligor upon such Securities and
collect the monies adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company, the Guarantor and/or any other obligor upon the Securities, wherever situated. 
  
 (c)  If an Event of Default with respect to Securities occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to
protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the 
 

 38 

	 	
Holders of Securities by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any
covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy. 
 

  
 SECTION 5.4.    Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. 
  
 In
case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial or administrative proceeding relative to the Company, the Guarantor and/or any other obligor upon the Securities or
the property of the Company, the Guarantor and/or of such other obligor or their creditors, 
  
 (a)  the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand
on the Company and/or the Guarantor for the payment of overdue principal (and premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest)) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise: 

 
 (i)  to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal (and premium, if any) and interest
(including any Additional Interest) owing and unpaid in respect to the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable and to take any and all actions as are authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to
have the claims of the Holders and any predecessor to the Trustee under Section 6.7 allowed in any such judicial or administrative proceedings; and 
  
 (ii)  in particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims
and to distribute the same in accordance with Section 5.6; and 
  
 (b)  any custodian,
receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator, conservator (or other similar official) in any such judicial or administrative proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee for distribution in accordance
with Section 5.6, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it and any predecessor Trustee under Section 6.7. 
  
 Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any
plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; provided, however,
that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member of a creditors’ or other similar committee. 
  
 SECTION 5.5.    Trustee May Enforce Claim Without Possession of Securities. 
  
 All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the
production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee

 

 39 

 
shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, subject to Article XIII and after provision for the payment of all the amounts owing the
Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under Section 6.7, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered. 
  

SECTION 5.6.    Application of Money Collected. 
  
 Any money or property collected or to be applied by the Trustee with respect to the Securities pursuant to this Article V shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the
Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money or property on account of principal (and premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest), upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only
partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid: 
  
 FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due
the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under Section 6.7; 
  
 SECOND: Subject to Article XIII, to
the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest) in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without
preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest), respectively; and 
  
 THIRD: The balance, if any, to the Person or Persons entitled thereto. 
  
 SECTION 5.7.    Limitation on Suits. 
  
 Subject to Section 5.8, no Holder of any Securities shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture or for the
appointment of a receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator (or other similar official) or for any other remedy hereunder, unless: 
  
 (a)  such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities, as herein before provided; 
  
 (b)  the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities shall have
made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder; 
  
 (c)  such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request; 

 
 (d)  the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has
failed to institute any such proceeding; and 
  
 (e)  no direction inconsistent with such
written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the

 

 40 

 
Outstanding Securities; it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing itself of, any provision of
this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other Holders of Securities, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner
herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders. 
  
 SECTION 5.8.    Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest; Direct Action by Holders of Preferred 
 Securities. 
  
 Notwithstanding any other provision in this
Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Sections 3.8 and 3.12) interest (including any Additional Interest) on such
Security on the Stated Maturity (or in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such right shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder. Any registered holder of
the Preferred Securities issued by the Issuer Trust shall have the right, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default described in Section 5.1(a) or 5.1(b), to institute a suit directly against the Company and/or the Guarantor for enforcement of
payment to such holder of principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Sections 3.8 and 3.12) interest (including any Additional Interest) on the Securities having a principal amount equal to the aggregate Liquidation Amount (as defined in the
Trust Agreement) of such Preferred Securities held by such holder (a “Direct Action”). 
  
 SECTION
5.9.    Restoration of Rights and Remedies. 
  
 If the Trustee, any Holder or any holder
of Preferred Securities issued by the Issuer Trust has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the
Trustee, such Holder or such holder of Preferred Securities, then, and in every such case, the Company, the Guarantor, the Trustee, such Holders and such holder of Preferred Securities shall, subject to any determination in such proceeding, be
restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder, and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee, such Holder and such holder of Preferred Securities shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

  
 SECTION 5.10.    Rights and Remedies Cumulative. 
  
 Except as otherwise provided in the last paragraph of Section 3.7, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or
the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law
or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. 
 

 41 

 SECTION 5.11.    Delay or Omission Not Waiver. 
  

(a) No delay or omission of the Trustee, any Holder of any Security with respect to the Securities or any holder of any Preferred Security to exercise any right or
remedy accruing upon any Event of Default with respect to the Securities shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. 
  
 (b) Every right and remedy given by this Article V or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders and the right and remedy given to the holders of Preferred Securities by
Section 5.8 may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee, the Holders or the holders of Preferred Securities, as the case may be. 
  
 SECTION 5.12.    Control by Holders. 
  
 The Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or
exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities, provided that: 
  
 (a)
such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture, 
  
 (b) the Trustee may take any
other action deemed proper by the Trustee that is not inconsistent with such direction, and 
  
 (c) subject to the
provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow such direction if a Responsible Officer or Officers of the Trustee shall, in good faith, determine that the proceeding so directed would be unjustly prejudicial to the
Holders not joining in any such direction or would involve the Trustee in personal liability. 
  
 SECTION
5.13.    Waiver of Past Defaults. 
  
 (a) The Holders of not less than a majority in
aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities affected thereby and, the holders of a majority in aggregate Liquidation Amount (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of the Preferred Securities issued by the Issuer Trust may waive any past
default hereunder and its consequences except a default: 
  
 (i) in the payment of the principal of
(or premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on any Security (unless such default has been cured and the Company has paid to or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest
(including Additional Interest) and all principal of (and premium, if any on) all Securities due otherwise than by acceleration), or 
  
 (ii) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof that under Article IX cannot be modified or amended without the consent of each Holder of any Outstanding Security affected thereby. 

 42 

  
 (b)  Any such waiver shall be deemed to be on behalf of the Holders of
all the Securities, or in the case of waiver by holders of Preferred Securities issued by the Issuer Trust, by all holders of Preferred Securities issued by the Issuer Trust. 
  
 (c)  Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of
this Indenture, but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon. 
  
 SECTION 5.14.    Undertaking for Costs. 
  
 All parties to
this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may, in its discretion, require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any
suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may, in its discretion, assess reasonable costs, including
reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant, but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted
by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment
of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity. 
  
 SECTION 5.15.    Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws. 
  
 The Company and the Guarantor covenant (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that they will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or
extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company and the Guarantor (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waive all
benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenant that they will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been
enacted. 
  
 ARTICLE VI 
  
 THE TRUSTEE 
  
 SECTION 6.1.    Certain Duties
and Responsibilities. 
  
 (a)  Except during the continuance of an Event of Default, 

 
 (i)  the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth
in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and 
 

 43 

  
 (ii)  in the absence of bad faith on its part, the
Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture, but in the case of
any such certificates or opinions that by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this
Indenture. 
  
 (b)  In case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise
such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs. 

 
 (c)  No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent
action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct except that: 
  
 (i)  this subsection shall not be construed to limit the effect of subsection (a) of this Section 6.1; 
  
 (ii)  the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the
pertinent facts; and 
  
 (iii)  the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action
taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of Holders pursuant to Section 5.12 relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any
trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities. 
  
 (d)  No
provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if there shall be
reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. 
  
 (e)  Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be
subject to the provisions of this Section. 
  
 SECTION 6.2.    Notice of Defaults. 

 
 Within 90 days after actual knowledge by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee of the occurrence of any default hereunder with
respect to the Securities, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders of Securities, as their names and addresses appear in the Securities Register, notice of such default, unless such default shall have been cured or waived; provided,
however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in

 

 44 

 
withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determines
that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the Holders of Securities; and provided further, that, in the case of any default of the character specified in Section 5.1(c), no such notice to Holders of Securities shall be given
until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section 6.2, the term “default” means any event that is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to the
Securities. 
  
 SECTION 6.3.    Certain Rights of Trustee. 
  
 Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1: 
  
 (a)  the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, Security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties; 
  
 (b)  any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company
Request or Company Order and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution; 
  
 (c)  whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless
other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers’ Certificate; 
  
 (d)  the Trustee may consult with counsel of its choice and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any
action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon; 
  
 (e)  the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall
have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction; provided, however, that nothing herein shall relieve the Trustee of
its obligations upon the occurrence of an Event of Default that has not been cured or waived to exercise with respect to the Securities such of the rights and powers vested in the Trustee by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and
skill in exercising such rights and powers as a reasonably prudent person would use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs. 
  
 (f)  the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request,
direction, consent, order, bond, indenture, Security or other paper or document, but the Trustee in its discretion may make such inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such
inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney; and

 

 45 

 (g)  the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties
hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder. 
  
 SECTION 6.4.    Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities. 
  
 The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the
statements of the Company, and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. Neither
the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the Company of the Securities or the proceeds thereof. 
  
 SECTION 6.5.    May Hold Securities. 
  
 The Trustee, any
Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Securities Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 6.8 and 6.13, may otherwise deal with
the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Securities Registrar or such other agent. 
  
 SECTION 6.6.    Money Held in Trust. 
  
 Money held by the
Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Company.

  
 SECTION 6.7.    Compensation and Reimbursement. 
  
 (a)  The Company agrees to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for all services
rendered by it hereunder in such amounts as the Guarantor and the Trustee shall agree from time to time (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust). 

 
 (b)  The Company agrees to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses,
disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense disbursement
or advance as may be attributable to its negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct. 
  
 (c)  Since the Issuer Trust is being formed solely to facilitate an investment in the Preferred Securities, the Company hereby covenants to pay all debts and obligations (other than with respect to the Preferred Securities
and the Common Securities) and all reasonable costs and expenses of the Issuer Trust (including without limitation all costs and expenses relating to the organization of the Issuer Trust, the fees and expenses of the trustees and all reasonable
costs and expenses relating to the operation of the Issuer Trust) and to pay any and all taxes, duties, assessments or governmental charges of whatever nature (other than withholding taxes) imposed

 

 46 

 on the Issuer Trust by the United States, or any taxing authority, so that the net amounts received and retained by the Issuer Trust and the
Property Trustee after paying such expenses will be equal to the amounts the Issuer Trust and the Property Trustee would have received had no such costs or expenses been incurred by or imposed on the Issuer Trust. The foregoing obligations of the
Company are for the benefit of, and shall be enforceable by, any person to whom any such debts, obligations, costs, expenses and taxes are owed (each, a “Creditor”) whether or not such Creditor has received notice thereof. Any such
Creditor may enforce such obligations directly against the Company, and the Company irrevocably waives any right or remedy to require that any such Creditor take any action against the Issuer Trust or any other person before proceeding against the
Company. The Company shall execute such additional agreements as may be necessary or desirable to give full effect to the foregoing. 
  
 (d)  The Company shall indemnify the Trustee, its directors, officers, employees and agents for, and hold them harmless against, any loss, liability or expense (including the reasonable compensation and the
expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel) incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust or the performance of its duties hereunder,
including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder. This indemnification shall survive the termination of this Indenture or
the resignation or removal of the Trustee. 
  
 (e)  When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services
after an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(d) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 or any successor statute. 

 
 (f)  To secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section 6.7, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the
Securities on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal and interest on particular Securities. 
  
 (g)  In no event shall the Trustee be liable for any indirect, special, punitive or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever, including, but not limited to, lost profits, even if
the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action. 
  
 (h)  In no event shall the Trustee be liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder because of circumstances beyond its control, including, but not limited to, acts of God, flood, war
(whether declared or undeclared), terrorism, fire, riot, embargo, government action, including any laws, ordinances, regulations, governmental action or the like which delay, restrict or prohibit the providing of the services contemplated by this
Agreement. 
  
 SECTION 6.8.    Disqualification; Conflicting Interests. 
  
 The Trustee for the Securities issued hereunder shall be subject to, and shall comply fully with, the provisions of Section 310(b) of the
Trust Indenture Act. Nothing herein shall prevent 
 

 47 

 
the Trustee from filing with the Commission the application referred to in the second to last paragraph of said Section 310(b). 
  
 SECTION 6.9.    Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility. 
  
 There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to the Securities issued hereunder which shall be: 
  
 (a)  a Person organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to
exercise corporate trust powers and subject to supervision or examination by federal, state, territorial or District of Columbia authority, or 
  
 (b)  an entity organized and doing business under the laws of a foreign government that is permitted to act as Trustee pursuant to a rule, regulation or order of the Commission, authorized
under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, and subject to supervision or examination by authority of such foreign government or a political subdivision thereof substantially equivalent to supervision or examination applicable to United
States institutional trustees; in either case having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000, subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority. If such entity publishes reports of condition at least annually,
pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then, for the purposes of this Section 6.9, the combined capital and surplus of such entity shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set
forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified
in this Article VI. Neither the Company nor any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Company shall serve as Trustee for the Securities issued hereunder. 
  
 SECTION 6.10.    Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor. 
  
 (a)  No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become
effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee under Section 6.11. 
  
 (b)  The
Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If an instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such
notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee. 
  
 (c)  The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities by Act of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, delivered to the Trustee and to the
Company. 
  
 (d)  If at any time: 
 

 48 

  
 (i)  the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 6.8
after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or 
  
 (ii)  the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 6.9 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Holder, or 
  
 (iii)  the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of
the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation; 
  
 then, in any such case, (x) the Company, acting pursuant to the authority of a Board Resolution, may remove the Trustee with respect to the Securities issued
hereunder, or (y) subject to Section 5.14, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of such Holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the
removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities issued hereunder and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees. 
  
 (e)  If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause with respect to the Securities, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall
promptly appoint a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities shall be appointed by Act
of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment, become the
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities and supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment
in the manner hereinafter provided, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, subject to Section 5.14, on behalf of such Holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities. 
  
 (f)  The
Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities by mailing written notice of such event by first-class mail,
postage prepaid, to the Holders of Securities as their names and addresses appear in the Securities Register. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

  
 SECTION 6.11.    Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. 
  
 (a)  In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so
appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such

 

 49 

 
successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or
the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and
deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder. 
  
 (b)  Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all rights, powers and trusts referred to
in Section 6.11(a). 
  
 (c)  No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless, at the time of such
acceptance, such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article VI. 
  
 SECTION
6.12.    Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. 
  
 Any entity into
which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any entity resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any entity succeeding to all or substantially all of
the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such entity shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article VI, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on
the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated, and in case any Securities shall not have been authenticated, any successor to the Trustee may authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor Trustee or in the name of
such successor Trustee, and in all cases the certificate of authentication shall have the full force which it is provided anywhere in the Securities or in this Indenture that the certificate of the Trustee shall have. 
  
 SECTION 6.13.    Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. 
  
 If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be
subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against the Company (or any such other obligor). 
  
 SECTION 6.14.    Appointment of Authenticating Agent. 
  
 (a)  The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to the Securities, which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities issued upon original issue and upon
exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or pursuant to Section 3.6, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated
by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and
delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be an entity organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of 
 

 50 

 
America, or of any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent, having a combined capital and surplus of not less than
$50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority,
then for the purposes of this Section the combined capital and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section 6.14, such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section 6.14. 
  
 (b)  Any entity into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any
entity resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any entity succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent shall be the successor
Authenticating Agent hereunder, provided such entity shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent. 
  
 (c)  An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The
Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time
such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent, which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give notice of such appointment in
the manner provided in Section 1.6 to all Holders of Securities. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally
named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provision of this Section. 
  
 (d)  The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section, and the Trustee shall be entitled to be reimbursed
for such payment, subject to the provisions of Section 6.7. 
  
 (e)  If an appointment is made pursuant to
this Section 6.14, the Securities may have endorsed thereon, in addition to the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternative certificate of authentication in the following form: 
  

This is one of the Securities referred to in the within mentioned Indenture. 
  
 Dated: 
 
	 DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AMERICAS,
as Trustee
 
	 
	 By:
 	 	 

	  	 	 Authorized Signatory
 

 
 

 51 

 
	  
	 
	 By:
 	 	 

	  	 	 As Authenticating Agent
 

 
  
 ARTICLE VII 
  

HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE, PAYING AGENT AND COMPANY 
  
 SECTION 7.1.    Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders. 
  
 The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee: 
  
 (a)  quarterly, not more than 15 days after March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15 in each year, a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and
addresses of the Holders as of such dates, excluding from any such list names and addresses received by the Trustee in its capacity as Securities Registrar, and 
  
 (b)  at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and
content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished, excluding from any such list names and addresses received by the Trustee in its capacity as Securities Registrar. 
  
 SECTION 7.2.    Preservation of Information, Communications to Holders.

  
 (a)  The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, the names and
addresses of Holders contained in the most recent list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 7.1 and the names and addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Securities Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list
furnished to it as provided in Section 7.1 upon receipt of a new list so furnished. 
  
 (b)  The rights of
Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided in the Trust Indenture Act. 

 
 (c)  Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that
neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of information as to the names and addresses of the Holders made pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act. 
  
 SECTION 7.3.    Reports by Trustee and Paying Agent. 
  
 (a)  The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be
required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act, at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto. 
  
 (b)  Reports so required to be transmitted at stated intervals of not more than 12 months shall be transmitted within 60 days of January 31 in each calendar year, commencing with January 31, 2003. 
 

 52 

 (c)  A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee
with each securities exchange upon which any Securities are listed and also with the Commission. The Company will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any securities exchange. 
  

(d)  Subject to Section 10.8, the Paying Agent shall comply with all withholding, backup withholding, tax and information reporting requirements under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Treasury Regulations issued thereunder with respect to payments on, or with respect to, the Securities. 
  
 SECTION 7.4.    Reports by Company. 
  
 The
Company shall file or cause to be filed with the Trustee and with the Commission, and transmit to Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act relating to
the Company and Guarantor at the times and in the manner provided in the Trust Indenture Act. In the case of information, documents or reports required to be filed with the Commission by the Company and Guarantor pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section
15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company shall file or cause the filing of such information documents or reports with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is required to be filed with the Commission. 
  
 ARTICLE VIII 
  
 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE 
  
 SECTION
8.1.    Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms. 
  
 The Company shall not
consolidate with or merge into any other Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, and no Person shall consolidate with or merge into the Company or convey, transfer or lease its
properties and assets substantially as an entirety to the Company, unless: 
  
 (a)  if the
Company shall consolidate with or merge into another Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, the entity formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person
that acquires by conveyance or transfer, or that leases, the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall be an entity organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America or any state thereof or the
District of Columbia and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and interest
(including any Additional Interest) on all the Securities of every series and the performance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed; 
  
 (b)  immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event that, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would
constitute an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and 
 

 53 

  
 (c)  the Company has delivered to the Trustee an
Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and any such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for
relating to such transaction have been complied with and, in the case of a transaction subject to this Section 8.1, an Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the surviving, resulting or successor entity is legally bound
by the Indenture and the Securities; and the Trustee, subject to Section 6.1, may rely upon such Officers’ Certificates and Opinions of Counsel as conclusive evidence that such transaction complies with this Section 8.1. 

 
 SECTION 8.2    Successor Company Substituted. 
  
 (a)  Upon any consolidation or merger by the Company with or into any other Person, or any conveyance, transfer or lease by the Company of its properties and
assets substantially as an entirety to any Person in accordance with Section 8.1, the successor entity formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be
substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein; and in the event of any such conveyance, transfer or lease the
Company shall be discharged from all obligations and covenants under the Indenture and the Securities. 
  
 (b)  Such successor Person may cause to be executed, and may issue either in its own name or in the name of the Company, any or all of the Securities issuable hereunder that theretofore shall not have been signed by the
Company and delivered to the Trustee; and, upon the order of such successor Person instead of the Company and subject to all the terms, conditions and limitations in this Indenture prescribed, the Trustee shall authenticate and shall deliver any
Securities that previously shall have been signed and delivered by the officers of the Company to the Trustee for authentication pursuant to such provisions and any Securities that such successor Person thereafter shall cause to be executed and
delivered to the Trustee on its behalf for the purpose pursuant to such provisions. All the Securities so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under this Indenture as the Securities theretofore or thereafter issued in
accordance with the terms of this Indenture. 
  
 (c)  In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale,
conveyance or lease, such changes in phraseology and form may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate. 
  
 SECTION 8.3    Guarantor May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms. 
  
 The Guarantor shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, and no Person shall consolidate with or merge into the
Guarantor or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to the Guarantor, unless: 
  
 (a)  if the Guarantor shall consolidate with or merge into another Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, the entity formed by such consolidation
or into which the Guarantor is merged or the Person that acquires

 

 54 

 
by conveyance or transfer, or that leases, the properties and assets of the Guarantor substantially as an entirety shall be an entity organized and existing under the laws of the United States of
America or any state thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of
(and premium, if any), and interest (including any Additional Interest) on all the Securities of every series and the performance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Guarantor to be performed or observed; 
  
 (b)  immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event that, after notice
or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and 
  
 (c)  the Guarantor has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and any such supplemental indenture comply
with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with and, in the case of a transaction subject to this Section 8.3, an Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel to the
effect that the surviving, resulting or successor entity is legally bound by the Indenture and the Securities; and the Trustee, subject to Section 6.1, may rely upon such Officers’ Certificates and Opinions of Counsel as conclusive evidence
that such transaction complies with this Section 8.3. 
  
 SECTION 8.4.    Successor Guarantor
Substituted. 
  
 (a)  Upon any consolidation or merger by the Guarantor with or into any other Person,
or any conveyance, transfer or lease by the Guarantor of its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person in accordance with Section 8.3, the successor entity formed by such consolidation or into which the Guarantor is merged or
to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Guarantor under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the
Guarantor herein; and in the event of any such conveyance, transfer or lease the Guarantor shall be discharged from all obligations and covenants under the Indenture and the Securities. 
  
 (b)  In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance or lease, such changes in phraseology and form may be made in the Securities thereafter to be
issued as may be appropriate. 
  
 ARTICLE IX 
  
 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 
  
 SECTION
9.1.    Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders. 
  
 Without the consent of any
Holders, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, the Guarantor (when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution by the Guarantor’s Board of Directors) and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may amend or waive any
provision of this Indenture or enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes: 
 

 55 

 (a)  to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and/or the Guarantor, and the
assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company herein and in the Securities contained; 
  
 (b)  to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge any property to or with the Trustee or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; 
  
 (c)  to facilitate the issuance of Securities in certificated or other definitive form; 
  
 (d)  to add to the covenants of the Company and/or the Guarantor for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities or to surrender any right or
power herein conferred upon the Company and/or the Guarantor; 
  
 (e)  to add any
additional Events of Default for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities; 
  
 (f)  to
change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture, provided that any such change or elimination shall not apply to any Outstanding Securities; 
  
 (g)  to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein that may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein,
or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture, provided that such action pursuant to this clause (g) shall not adversely affect the interest of the Holders of Securities in any material
respect or, in the case of the Securities issued to the Issuer Trust and for so long as any of the Preferred Securities issued by the Issuer Trust shall remain outstanding, the holders of such Preferred Securities; 
  
 (h)  to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to
the Securities and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.11(b);
or 
  
 (i)  to comply with the requirements of the Commission in order to effect or
maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act. 
  
 SECTION
9.2.    Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders. 
  
 With the consent of the
Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities affected by such supplemental indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board
Resolution, the Guarantor (when authorized pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Guarantor’s Board of Directors) and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or
changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without
the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby: 
 

 56 

  
 (a)  change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or
any installment of interest (including any Additional Interest) on, any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of principal of a
Discount Security that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Stated Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2, or change the place of payment where, or the coin or currency in which, any Security or interest thereon is
payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), 
  

(b)  reduce the percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, the consent of whose Holders is required for any such
supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or 

 
 (c)  modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 5.13 or Section 10.5, except to increase
any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Security affected thereby; 
  
 provided, further, that, in the case of the Securities issued to the Issuer Trust, so long as any of the Preferred Securities issued by the Issuer Trust remains outstanding, (i) no such
amendment shall be made that adversely affects the holders of such Preferred Securities in any material respect, and no termination of this Indenture shall occur, and no waiver of any Event of Default or compliance with any covenant under this
Indenture shall be effective, without the prior consent of the holders of at least a majority of the aggregate Liquidation Amount (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of such Preferred Securities then outstanding unless and until the principal of
(and premium, if any, on) the Securities and all accrued and (subject to Section 3.8) unpaid interest (including any Additional Interest) thereon have been paid in full, and (ii) no amendment shall be made to Section 5.8 of this Indenture that would
impair the rights of the holders of Preferred Securities issued by the Issuer Trust provided therein without the prior consent of the holders of each such Preferred Security then outstanding unless and until the principal of (and premium, if any,
on) the Securities of such series and all accrued and (subject to Section 3.8) unpaid interest (including any Additional Interest) thereon have been paid in full. 
  
 It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if
such Act shall approve the substance thereof. 
  
 SECTION 9.3.    Execution of Supplemental
Indentures. 
  
 In executing or accepting the additional trusts created by any supplemental indenture permitted
by this Article IX or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 6.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of
Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture, and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such action have been complied with. The Trustee 
 

 57 

 
may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. 

 
 SECTION 9.4.    Effect of Supplemental Indentures. 
  

Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article IX, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall
form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby. 
  
 SECTION 9.5.    Conformity with Trust Indenture Act. 
  
 Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article IX shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect. 
  

SECTION 9.6.    Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures. 
  
 Securities authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article IX may, and shall if required by the Company, bear a
notation in form approved by the Company as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may
be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities. 
  
 ARTICLE X 
  
 COVENANTS 
  
 SECTION 10.1.    Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest. 
  
 The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest) on the
Securities in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture. 
  
 SECTION
10.2.    Maintenance of Office or Agency. 
  
 (a)  The Company will maintain in
each Place of Payment an office or agency where Securities may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of
the Securities and this Indenture may be served. The Company initially appoints the Trustee, acting through its Corporate Trust Office, as its agent for said purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any change in the
location of any such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain such office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served
at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. 
 

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 (b)  The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other
offices or agencies where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any or all of such purposes, and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner
relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation and any change in the location of any
such office or agency. 
  
 SECTION 10.3.    Money for Security Payments to be Held in Trust.

  
 (a)  If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to the Securities,
it will, on or before each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest (including Additional Interest) on any of the Securities, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay
the principal (and premium, if any) or interest (including Additional Interest) so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided, and will promptly notify the Trustee of its failure so to act.

  
 (b)  Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents, it will, prior to 10:00 a.m., New York
City time, on each due date of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, including Additional Interest on any Securities, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest, including
Additional Interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal (and premium, if any) or interest, including Additional Interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company
will promptly notify the Trustee of its failure so to act. 
  
 (c)  The Company will cause each Paying
Agent other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will: 
  
 (i)  hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest (including
Additional Interest) on the Securities in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided; 
  
 (ii)  give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon such Securities) in the making of any payment of principal
(and premium, if any) or interest (including Additional Interest) in respect of any Security; 
  
 (iii)  at any time during the continuance of any default with respect to the Securities, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent; and

  
 (iv)  comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a
Paying Agent. 
 

 59 

  
 (d)  The Company may, at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the
same terms as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.

  
 (e)  Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company in trust for
the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest (including Additional Interest) on any Security and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal (and premium, if any) or interest (including Additional Interest) has become
due and payable shall (unless otherwise required by mandatory provision of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law) be paid on Company Request to the Company, or (if then held by the Company) shall (unless otherwise required by
mandatory provision of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law) be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and
all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to
make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in a newspaper published in the English language, customarily published on each Business Day and of general circulation in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of
New York, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

  
 SECTION 10.4.    Statement as to Compliance. 
  
 The Company and the Guarantor shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company ending after
the date hereof, an Officers’ Certificate covering the preceding calendar year, stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signers thereof the Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be, is in default in the performance, observance
or fulfillment of or compliance with any of the terms, provisions, covenants and conditions of this Indenture, and if the Company or the Guarantor, as the case may be, shall be in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and status
thereof of which they may have knowledge. For the purpose of this Section 10.4, compliance shall be determined without regard to any grace period or requirement of notice provided pursuant to the terms of this Indenture. 
  
 SECTION 10.5.    Waiver of Certain Covenants. 
  
 Subject to the rights of holders of Preferred Securities specified in Section 9.2, if any, the Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any covenant or
condition provided pursuant to Section 3.1, 9.1(c) or 9.1(d) with respect to the Securities, if before or after the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities shall, by Act
of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such covenant or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such covenant or condition except to the extent so expressly waived,

 

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and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company in respect of any such covenant or condition shall remain in full force and effect. 
  
 SECTION 10.6.    Additional Sums. 
  
 So long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.1 or Section 3.1, if: (a) the Issuer Trust is
the Holder of all of the Outstanding Securities, and (b) a Tax Event described in clause (a) or (c) of the definition of “Tax Event” in Section 1.1 hereof has occurred and is continuing in respect of the Issuer Trust, the Company shall pay
the Issuer Trust (and its permitted successors or assigns under the Trust Agreement) for so long as the Issuer Trust (or its permitted successor or assignee) is the registered holder of the Outstanding Securities, such additional sums as may be
necessary in order that the amount of Distributions (including any Additional Amount (as defined in the Trust Agreement)) then due and payable by the Issuer Trust on the Preferred Securities and Common Securities that at any time remain outstanding
in accordance with the terms thereof shall not be reduced as a result of such Additional Taxes (the “Additional Sums”). Whenever in this Indenture or the Securities there is a reference in any context to the payment of principal of
or interest on the Securities, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payments of the Additional Sums provided for in this paragraph to the extent that, in such context, Additional Sums are, were or would be payable in respect
thereof pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph and express mention of the payment of Additional Sums (if applicable) in any provisions hereof shall not be construed as excluding Additional Sums in those provisions hereof where such express
mention is not made; provided, however, that the deferral of the payment of interest pursuant to Section 3.12 or the Securities shall not defer the payment of any Additional Sums that may be due and payable. 
  
 SECTION 10.7.    Additional Covenants of Company and Guarantor. 
  

(a)  The Guarantor covenants and agrees with each Holder of Securities that it shall not: (a) declare or pay any dividends or distributions on, or redeem,
purchase, acquire or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any shares of its capital stock, or (b) make any payment of principal of or interest or premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any debt securities of the Guarantor that
rank pari passu in all respects with or junior in interest to the Guarantor’s obligations with regard to the Securities, (other than (i) repurchases, redemptions or other acquisitions of shares of capital stock of the Guarantor in
connection with any employment contract, benefit plan or other similar arrangement with or for the benefit of any one or more employees, officers, directors or consultants, in connection with a dividend reinvestment or stockholder stock purchase
plan or in connection with the issuance of capital stock of the Guarantor (or securities convertible into or exercisable for such capital stock) as consideration in an acquisition transaction entered into prior to the applicable Extension Period or
other event referred to below, (ii) as a result of a reclassification, exchange or conversion of any class or series of the Guarantor ‘s capital stock (or any capital stock of a Subsidiary of the Guarantor) for any class or series of the
Guarantor’s capital stock or of any class or series of the Guarantor’s indebtedness for any class or series of the Guarantor’s capital stock, (iii) the purchase of fractional interests in shares of the Guarantor’s capital stock
pursuant to the conversion or exchange provisions of such capital stock or the security being converted or exchanged, or (iv) any dividend in the form of stock, warrants, options or other rights where the dividend stock or

 

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the stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants, options or other rights is the same stock as that on which the dividend is being paid or ranks pari passu with or junior to such stock)
if at such time (A) there shall have occurred any event (x) of which the Company or Guarantor has actual knowledge that with the giving of notice or the lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default with respect to the Securities, and
(y) which the Company or Guarantor shall not have taken reasonable steps to cure, (B) if the Securities are held by the Issuer Trust, the Company or Guarantor shall be in default with respect to its payment of any obligations under the Preferred
Securities Guarantee Agreement or the Junior Subordinated Debenture Guarantee Agreement, or (C) the Company shall have given notice of its election to begin an Extension Period with respect to the Securities as provided herein and shall not have
rescinded such notice, or such Extension Period, or any extension thereof, shall be continuing. 
  
 (b)  The Company covenants with each Holder of Securities issued to the Issuer Trust (a) to hold, directly or indirectly, 100% of the Common Securities of the Issuer Trust, provided that any permitted successor of
the Company as provided under Section 8.2 may succeed to the Company’s ownership of such Common Securities, (b) as holder of such Common Securities, not to voluntarily terminate, windup or liquidate the Issuer Trust, other than (i) in
connection with a distribution of the Securities to the holders of the Preferred Securities in liquidation of the Issuer Trust, or (ii) in connection with certain mergers, consolidations or amalgamations permitted by the Trust Agreement, and (c) to
use its reasonable efforts, consistent with the terms and provisions of the Trust Agreement, to cause the Issuer Trust to continue not to be taxable as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes. 
  
 SECTION 10.8.    Federal Tax Reports. 
  
 On or before December 15 of each year during which any Securities are outstanding, the Company shall furnish to each Paying Agent such information as may be reasonably
requested by each Paying Agent in order that each Paying Agent may prepare the information which it is required to report for such year on Internal Revenue Service Forms 1096 and 1099 pursuant to Section 6049 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended. Such information shall include the amount of original issue discount includible in income for each authorized minimum denomination of principal amount at Stated Maturity of outstanding Securities during such year. 
  
 ARTICLE XI 
  
 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES 
  
 SECTION 11.1.    Applicability of this Article.

  
 Redemption of Securities as permitted or required by any form of Security issued pursuant to this Indenture
shall be made in accordance with such form of Security and this Article; provided, however, that, if any provision of any such form of Security shall conflict with any provision of this Article XI, the provision of such form of Security shall
govern. 
  
 SECTION 11.2.    Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. 
  
 The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at
the election of the Company, the Company

 

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shall, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee and, in the case of Securities held
by the Issuer Trust, the Property Trustee under the Trust Agreement of such date and of the principal amount of Securities to be redeemed and provide the additional information required to be included in the notice or notices contemplated by Section
11.4; provided, that, for so long as such Securities are held by the Issuer Trust, such notice shall be given not less than 45 nor more than 75 days prior to such Redemption Date (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Property
Trustee under the Trust Agreement). In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers’
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel evidencing compliance with such restriction. 
  
 SECTION
11.3.    Selection of Securities to be Redeemed. 
  
 (a)  If less than all the
Securities are to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities not previously called for redemption, by such method as the
Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of a portion of the principal amount of any Security, provided that the unredeemed portion of the principal amount of any Security shall be in an
authorized denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security. 
  
 (b)  The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities selected for partial redemption and the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context
otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Security that has been or is to be
redeemed. 
  
 SECTION 11.4.    Notice of Redemption. 
  
 Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed not later than the thirtieth day, and not earlier than
the sixtieth day, prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at the address of such Holder as it appears in the Securities Register. 
  
 With respect to Securities to be redeemed, each notice of redemption shall state: 
  
 (a)  the Redemption Date; 
  
 (b)  the Redemption Price and any accrued interest, if any, or, if the Redemption Price cannot be calculated prior to the time the notice is required to be sent, the estimate of the
Redemption Price provided pursuant to the Indenture together with a statement that it is an estimate and that the actual Redemption Price will be calculated on the third Business Day prior to the Redemption Date (if such an estimate of the
Redemption Price is given, a subsequent notice shall be given as set forth above setting forth the Redemption Price promptly following the calculation thereof); 
 

 63 

 (c)  if less than all Outstanding Securities are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in
the case of partial redemption, the respective principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed; 
  
 (d)  that, on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price will become due and payable upon each such Security or portion thereof, and that interest thereon, if any, shall cease to accrue on and after said date; 

 
 (e)  the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption
Price; 
  
 (f)  such other provisions as may be required in respect of the terms of the
Securities; and 
  
 (g)  that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case.

  
 Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company
or, at the Company’s request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and shall be irrevocable. The notice, if mailed in the manner provided above, shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the
Holder receives such notice. In any case, a failure to give such notice by mail or any defect in the notice to the Holder of any Security designated for redemption as a whole or in part shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the
redemption of any other Security. 
  
 SECTION 11.5    Deposit of Redemption Price. 

 
 Prior to 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on the Redemption Date specified in the notice of redemption given as provided in
Section 11.4, the Company will deposit with the Trustee or with one or more Paying Agents (or if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, the Company will segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.3) an amount of money sufficient
to pay the Redemption Price of, and any accrued interest (including Additional Interest) on, all the Securities (or portions thereof) that are to be redeemed on that date. 
  
 SECTION 11.6.    Payment of Securities Called for Redemption. 
  
 (a)  If any notice of redemption has been given as provided in Section 11.4, the Securities or portion of Securities with respect to which such notice has been given shall become due and
payable on the date and at the place or places stated in such notice at the applicable Redemption Price, together with accrued interest (including any Additional Interest) to the Redemption Date. On presentation and surrender of such Securities at a
Place of Payment in said notice specified, the said Securities or the specified portions thereof shall be paid and redeemed by the Company at the applicable Redemption Price, together with accrued interest (including any Additional Interest) to the
Redemption Date; provided, however, that, installments of interest (including Additional Interest) whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor
Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant record dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.8. 
 

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 (b)  Upon presentation of any Security redeemed in part only, the
Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security or Securities, of authorized denominations, in aggregate principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of
the Security so presented and having the same Original Issue Date, Stated Maturity and terms. 
  
 (c)  If
any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid under surrender thereof for redemption, the principal of and premium, if any, on such Security shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the
Security. 
  
 SECTION 11.7.    Right of Redemption of Securities Initially Issued to the Issuer Trust.

  
 (a)  The Company, at its option, may redeem such Securities (i) on or
after                         , 2007, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, or (ii) upon the occurrence and during
the continuation of a Tax Event or an Investment Company Event, at any time within 90 days following the occurrence and during the continuation of such Tax Event or Investment Company Event, in whole (but not in part), in each case at a Redemption
Price specified in such Security, together with accrued interest (including Additional Interest) to the Redemption Date. 
  
 (b)  If less than all the Securities are to be redeemed, the aggregate principal amount of such Securities remaining Outstanding after giving effect to such redemption shall be sufficient to satisfy any provisions of the
Trust Agreement. 
  
 ARTICLE XII 
  
 SINKING FUNDS 
  
 Except as may be provided in any
supplemental or amended indenture, no sinking fund shall be established or maintained for the retirement of Securities. 
  
 ARTICLE XIII 
  
 SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES 
  
 SECTION 13.1.    Securities Subordinate to Senior Indebtedness. 
  

The Company covenants and agrees, and each Holder of a Security, by its acceptance thereof, likewise covenants and agrees, that, to the extent and in the manner
hereinafter set forth in this Article, the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest) on each and all of the Securities are hereby expressly made subordinate and subject in right of payment to
the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness. 
  
 SECTION 13.2    No Payment When Senior
Indebtedness in Default; Payment Over of Proceeds Upon Dissolution, Etc. 
  
 (a)  If the Company or the
Guarantor shall default in the payment of any principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior Indebtedness when the same becomes due and payable, whether at maturity or at a date fixed for prepayment or by declaration of acceleration

 

 65 

 
or otherwise, then, upon written notice of such default to the Company or the Guarantor by the holders of Senior Indebtedness or any trustee therefor, unless and until such default shall have
been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist, no direct or indirect payment (in cash, property, securities, by set-off or otherwise) shall be made or agreed to be made on account of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest (including
Additional Interest) on any of the Securities, or in respect of any redemption, repayment, retirement, purchase or other acquisition of any of the Securities. 
  
 (b)  In the event of (i) any insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership, liquidation, reorganization, readjustment, composition or other similar proceeding relating to the Company, its creditors or
its property, (ii) any proceeding for the liquidation, dissolution or other winding up of the Company, voluntary or involuntary, whether or not involving insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings, (iii) any assignment by the Company for the benefit of
creditors or (iv) any other marshalling of the assets of the Company (each such event, if any, herein sometimes referred to as a “Proceeding”), all Senior Indebtedness (including any interest thereon accruing after the commencement
of any such proceedings) shall first be paid in full before any payment or distribution, whether in cash, securities or other property, shall be made to any Holder on account thereof. Any payment or distribution, whether in cash, securities or other
property (other than securities of the Company or any other entity provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment, the payment of which is subordinate, at least to the extent provided in these subordination provisions with respect to the
indebtedness evidenced by the Securities, to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness at the time outstanding and to any securities issued in respect thereof under any such plan of reorganization or readjustment), which would otherwise (but for these
subordination provisions) be payable or deliverable in respect of the Securities shall be paid or delivered directly to the holders of Senior Indebtedness in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders until all Senior
Indebtedness (including any interest thereon accruing after the commencement of any Proceeding) shall have been paid in full. 
  
 (c)  In the event of any Proceeding, after payment in full of all sums owing with respect to Senior Indebtedness, the Holders of the Securities, together with the holders of any obligations of the Company ranking on a
parity with the Securities, shall be entitled to be paid from the remaining assets of the Company the amounts at the time due and owing on account of unpaid principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities and such other obligations
before any payment or other distribution, whether in cash, property or otherwise, shall be made on account of any capital stock or any obligations of the Company ranking junior to the Securities, and such other obligations. If, notwithstanding the
foregoing, any payment or distribution of any character or any security, whether in cash, securities or other property (other than securities of the Company or any other entity provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment the payment of
which is subordinate, at least to the extent provided in these subordination provisions with respect to the indebtedness evidenced by the Securities, to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness at the time outstanding and to any securities issued in
respect thereof under any plan of reorganization or readjustment), shall be received by the Trustee or any Holder in contravention of any of the terms hereof and before all Senior Indebtedness shall have been paid in full, provided the Trustee or
Holder has actual knowledge of such circumstances, such payment or distribution or security shall be received in trust for the benefit of, and shall be paid over or delivered and transferred to, the holders of the Senior Indebtedness at the time
outstanding in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders for application to
 
 

 66 

 
the payment of all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid, to the extent necessary to pay all such Senior Indebtedness in full. In the event of the failure of the Trustee or any Holder to endorse
or assign any such payment, distribution or security, each holder of Senior Indebtedness is hereby irrevocably authorized to endorse or assign the same. 
  
 (d)  The Trustee and the Holders shall take such action (including, without limitation, the delivery of this Indenture to an agent for the holders of Senior Indebtedness or consent to the
filing of a financing statement with respect hereto) as may, in the opinion of counsel designated by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Senior Indebtedness at the time outstanding, be necessary or appropriate to assure the
effectiveness of the subordination effected by these provisions. 
  
 (e)  The provisions of this Section
13.2 shall not impair any rights, interests, remedies or powers of any secured creditor of the Company in respect of any security interest the creation of which is not prohibited by the provisions of this Indenture. 
  
 (f)  The securing of any obligations of the Company, otherwise ranking on a parity with the Securities or ranking junior to the
Securities shall not be deemed to prevent such obligations from constituting, respectively, obligations ranking on a parity with the Securities or ranking junior to the Securities. 
  
 SECTION 13.3.    Payment Permitted if No Default. 
  
 Nothing contained in this Article XIII or elsewhere in this Indenture or in any of the Securities shall prevent (a) the Company, at any time, except during the pendency of the conditions described in
the first paragraph of Section 13.2 or of any Proceeding referred to in Section 13.2, from making payments at any time of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest (including Additional Interest) on the Securities, or (b) the application by the
Trustee of any monies deposited with it hereunder to the payment of or on account of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on the Securities or the retention of such payment by the Holders, if, at the
time of such application by the Trustee, it did not have knowledge that such payment would have been prohibited by the provisions of this Article. 
  
 SECTION 13.4.    Subrogation to Rights of Holders of Senior Indebtedness. 
  
 Subject to the payment in full of all amounts due or to become due on all Senior Indebtedness, or the provision for such payment in cash or cash equivalents or otherwise in a manner satisfactory to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness, the Holders of the Securities shall be subrogated to the extent of the payments or distributions made to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness pursuant to the provisions of this Article (equally and ratably with the holders of all
indebtedness of the Company that by its express terms is subordinated to Senior Indebtedness of the Company to substantially the same extent as the Securities are subordinated to the Senior Indebtedness and is entitled to like rights of subrogation
by reason of any payments or distributions made to holders of such Senior Indebtedness) to the rights of the holders of such Senior Indebtedness to receive payments and distributions of cash, property and securities applicable to the Senior
Indebtedness until the principal of (and premium if any) and interest (including Additional Interest) on the Securities shall be paid in full. For purposes of such

 

 67 

 
subrogation, no payments or distributions to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of any cash, property or securities to which the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee would be entitled
except for the provisions of this Article, and no payments pursuant to the provisions of this Article to the holders of Senior Indebtedness by Holders of the Securities or the Trustee, shall, as among the Company, its creditors other than holders of
Senior Indebtedness, and the Holders of the Securities, be deemed to be a payment or distribution by the Company to or on account of the Senior Indebtedness. 
  
 SECTION 13.5.    Provisions Solely to Define Relative Rights. 
  
 The provisions of this Article XIII are and are intended solely for the purpose of defining the relative rights of the Holders of the
Securities on the one hand and the holders of Senior Indebtedness on the other hand. Nothing contained in this Article XIII or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities is intended to or shall (a) impair, as between the Company and the
Holders of the Securities, the obligations of the Company, which are absolute and unconditional, to pay to the Holders of the Securities the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest) on the Securities as and
when the same shall become due and payable in accordance with their terms; (b) affect the relative rights against the Company of the Holders of the Securities and creditors of the Company other than their rights in relation to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness; or (c) prevent the Trustee or the Holder of any Security (or to the extent expressly provided herein, the holder of any Preferred Security) from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default under this
Indenture, including filing and voting claims in any Proceeding, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article XIII of the holders of Senior Indebtedness to receive cash, property and securities otherwise payable or deliverable to the Trustee or
such Holder. 
  
 SECTION 13.6.    Trustee to Effectuate
Subordination. 
  
 Each Holder of a Security by his or her acceptance thereof authorizes and directs the Trustee
on his or her behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to acknowledge or effectuate the subordination provided in this Article XIII and appoints the Trustee his or her attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes.

  
 SECTION 13.7.    No Waiver of Subordination
Provisions. 
  
 (a)  No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Indebtedness to enforce
subordination as herein provided shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by the
Company with the terms, provisions and covenants of this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof that any such holder may have or be otherwise charged with. 
  
 (b)  Without in any way limiting the generality of Section 13.7(a), the holders of Senior Indebtedness may, at any time and from time to time, without the consent
of or notice to the Trustee or the Holders of the Securities, without incurring responsibility to such Holders of the Securities and without impairing or releasing the subordination provided in this Article XIII or the obligations hereunder of such
Holders of the Securities to the holders of Senior

 

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Indebtedness, do any one or more of the following: (i) change the manner, place or terms of payment or extent the time of payment of, or renew or alter, Senior Indebtedness, or otherwise amend or
supplement in any manner Senior Indebtedness or any instrument evidencing the same or any agreement under which Senior Indebtedness is outstanding; (ii) sell, exchange, release or otherwise deal with any property pledged, mortgaged or otherwise
securing Senior Indebtedness (iii) release any Person liable in any manner for the collection of Senior Indebtedness; and (iv) exercise or refrain from exercising any rights against the Company, the Guarantor and any other Person. 

 
 SECTION 13.8.    Notice to Trustee. 
  
 (a)  The Company shall give prompt written notice to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee of any fact known to the Company that would prohibit the making of any
payment to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article XIII or any other provision of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts that would
prohibit the making of any payment to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities, unless and until the Trustee shall have received written notice thereof from the Company or a holder of Senior Indebtedness or from any trustee, agent or
representative therefor; provided, however, that if the Trustee shall not have received the notice provided for in this Section at least two Business Days prior to the date upon which by the terms hereof any monies may become payable for any
purpose (including, the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any, on) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on any Security), then, anything herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full power and
authority to receive such monies and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were received and shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary that may be received by it within two Business Days prior to such date. 

 
 (b)  Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall be entitled to rely on the delivery to it of a
written notice by a Person representing himself or herself to be a holder of Senior Indebtedness (or a trustee or attorney-in-fact therefor) to establish that such notice has been given by a holder of Senior Indebtedness (or a trustee or
attorney-in-fact therefor). In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that further evidence is required with respect to the right of any Person as a holder of Senior Indebtedness to participate in any payment or distribution pursuant to
this Article, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amount of Senior Indebtedness held by such Person, the extent to which such Person is entitled to participate in such
payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article, and if such evidence is not furnished, the Trustee may defer any payment to such Person pending judicial determination as to the right of such
Person to receive such payment. 
  
 SECTION 13.9.    Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of
Liquidating Agent. 
  
 Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to in this Article, the
Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, and the Holders of the Securities shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree entered by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such Proceeding is pending, or a certificate of the
trustee in bankruptcy, receiver, conservator, liquidating trustee, custodian, assignee for the benefit of creditors, agent or other Person making

 

 69 

 
such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities, for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such payment or distribution, the
holders of the Senior Indebtedness and other indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article XIII. 

 
 SECTION 13.10.    Trustee Not Fiduciary for Holders of Senior Indebtedness. 
  
 The Trustee, in its capacity as trustee under this Indenture, shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness and shall not be liable to any such holders if it shall in good faith mistakenly pay over or distribute to Holders of Securities or to the Company or to any other Person cash, property or securities to which any holders of Senior
Indebtedness shall be entitled by virtue of this Article or otherwise. 
  
 SECTION 13.11.    Rights of
Trustee as Holder of Senior Indebtedness; Preservation of Trustee’s Rights. 
  
 The Trustee in its
individual capacity shall be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article with respect to any Senior Indebtedness that may at any time be held by it, to the same extent as any other holder of Senior Indebtedness, and nothing in this
Indenture shall deprive the Trustee of any of its rights as such holder. 
  
 SECTION 13.12.    Article
Applicable to Paying Agents. 
  
 In case at any time any Paying Agent other than the Trustee shall have been
appointed by the Company and be then acting hereunder, the term “Trustee” as used in this Article XIII shall in such case (unless the context otherwise requires) be construed as extending to and including such Paying Agent within
its meaning as fully for all intents and purposes as if such Paying Agent were named in this Article in addition to or in place of the Trustee. 
  
 SECTION 13.13.    Certain Conversions or Exchanges Deemed Payment. 
  
 For purposes of this Article only, (a) the issuance and delivery of junior securities upon conversion or exchange of Securities shall not be deemed to constitute a payment or distribution on account of the principal of (or premium,
if any, on) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on such Securities or on account of the purchase or other acquisition of such Securities, and (b) the payment, issuance or delivery of cash, property or securities (other than junior
securities) upon conversion or exchange of a Security shall be deemed to constitute payment on account of the principal of such security. For the purposes of this Section, the term “junior securities” means (i) shares of any stock
of any class of the Company, and (ii) securities of the Company that are subordinated in right of payment to all Senior Indebtedness that may be outstanding at the time of issuance or delivery of such securities to substantially the same extent as,
or to a greater extent than, the Securities are so subordinated as provided in this Article. 
 

 70 

 ARTICLE XIV 
  
 GUARANTEE AND INDEMNITY 
  
 SECTION 14.1.    The Guarantee.

  
 The Guarantor hereby unconditionally guarantees to each Holder of a Security authenticated and delivered by
the Trustee all obligations of the Company under this Indenture in accordance with the terms of the Junior Subordinated Debenture Guarantee Agreement. 
  
 SECTION 14.2.    Subordination of Guarantee. 
  
 Each
Holder of Securities issued hereunder agrees that the payment by the Guarantor pursuant to the Guarantee with respect to all Securities of each series issued hereunder, shall be subordinate in right of payment to the extent and in the manner set
forth in Sections 6.1 and 6.2 of the Junior Subordinated Debenture Guarantee Agreement. 
  
 * * * * 
  
 This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such
counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. 
  
 [SIGNATURES APPEAR ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE]

 

 71 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed, all as of the day and year first
above written. 
  
 
	 AMERICAN SAFETY HOLDINGS CORP.
 
	 
	 By:
 	 	 

	  	 	 Lloyd A. Fox
 President and
Chief Executive Officer
 
	 
	 AMERICAN SAFETY INSURANCE GROUP, LTD.
 
	 
	 By:
 	 	 

	  	 	 Lloyd A. Fox
 President and
Chief Executive Officer
 
	 
	 DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AMERICAS,
as Trustee
 
	 
	 By:
 	 	 

	  	 	  

 
 

 72 

 ANNEX A 
  
 FORM OF RESTRICTED SECURITIES CERTIFICATE 
  
 RESTRICTED SECURITIES CERTIFICATE 

 
 (For transfers pursuant to Section 3.6(b) of 
 the Indenture referred to below) 
  
 [                        ], 
 as Securities Registrar 
 [address] 
  

Re:     % Junior Subordinated Debentures of American Safety Holdings Corp. (the “Securities”) 

 
 Reference is made to the Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of
                        , 2001 (the “Indenture”), between American Safety Holdings Corp., a Georgia corporation,
American Safety Insurance Group, Ltd., a Bermuda company, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Trustee. Terms used herein and defined in the Indenture or in Regulation S, Rule 144A or Rule 144 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the “Securities Act”) are used here as so defined. 
  
 This certificate relates to
$                         aggregate principal amount of Securities, which are evidenced by the following certificate(s) (the
“Specified Securities”): 
  
 CUSIP No(s). 
  
 CERTIFICATE No(s). 
  
 CURRENTLY IN
GLOBAL FORM: Yes     No     (check one) 
  
 The person in whose
name this certificate is executed below (the “Undersigned”) hereby certifies that either (a) it is the sole beneficial owner of the Specified Securities or (b) it is acting on behalf of all the beneficial owners of the Specified
Securities and is duly authorized by them to do so. Such beneficial owner or owners are referred to herein collectively as the “Owner”. If the Specified Securities are represented by a Global Security, they are held through a
Depositary or an Agent Member in the name of the Undersigned, as or on behalf of the Owner. If the Specified Securities are not represented by a Global Security, they are registered in the name of the Undersigned, as or on behalf of the Owner.

  
 The Owner has requested that the Specified Securities be transferred to a person (the
“Transferee”) who will take delivery in the form of a Restricted Security. In connection with such transfer, the Owner hereby certifies that, unless such transfer is being effected pursuant to an effective registration statement
under the Securities Act, it is being effected in accordance
 
 

 73 

 
with Rule 144A, Rule 904 of Regulation S or Rule 144 under the Securities Act and all applicable securities laws of the states of the United States and other jurisdictions. Accordingly, the Owner
hereby further certifies that: 
  
 (a)  Rule 144A Transfers. If the transfer is being effected in
accordance with Rule 144A: 
  
 (i)  the Specified Securities are being transferred to a
person that the Owner and any person acting on its behalf reasonably believe is a “qualified institutional buyer” within the meaning of Rule 144A, acquiring for its own account or for the account of a qualified institutional buyer;
and 
  
 (ii)  the Owner and any person acting on its behalf have taken reasonable steps to
ensure that the Transferee is aware that the Owner may be relying on Rule 144A in connection with the transfer; and 
  
 (b)  Rule 904 Transfers. If the transfer is being effected in accordance with Rule 904: 
  
 (i)  the Owner is not a distributor of the Securities, an affiliate of the Company or any such distributor or a person acting in behalf of any of the foregoing; 
  
 (ii)  the offer of the Specified Securities was not made to a person in the United States; 
  

(iii)  either; 
  
 (A)  at the time the buy order was originated, the Transferee was outside the United States or the Owner and any person acting on its behalf reasonably believed that the Transferee was outside the United States, or

  
 (B)  the transaction is being executed in, on or through the facilities of the Eurobond
market, as regulated by the Association of International Bond Dealers, or another designated offshore securities market and neither the Owner nor any person acting on its behalf know that the transaction has been prearranged with a buyer in the
United States; 
  
 (iv)  no directed selling efforts within the meaning of Rule 902 of
Regulation S have been made in the United States by or on behalf of the Owner or any affiliate thereof; and 
  
 (v)  the transaction is not part of a plan or scheme to evade the registration requirements of the Securities Act. 
  
 (c)  Rule 144 Transfers. If the transfer is being effected pursuant to Rule 144: 
  
 (i)  the transfer is occurring after a holding period of at least one year (computed in accordance with paragraph (d) of Rule 144) has elapsed since the date the Specified Securities were
acquired from the Company or from an affiliate (as such term is
 
 

 74 

 defined in Rule 144) of the Company, whichever is later, and is being effected in accordance with the applicable amount,
manner of sale and notice requirements of paragraphs (e), (f) and (h) of Rule 144; 
  
 (ii)  the transfer is occurring after a holding period by the Owner of at least three years has elapsed since the date the Specified Securities were acquired from the Company or from an affiliate (as such term is defined in
Rule 144) of the Company, whichever is later, and the Owner is not, and during the preceding three months has not been, an affiliate of the Company; or 
  
 (iii)  the Owner is a Qualified Institutional Buyer under Rule 144A or has acquired the Securities otherwise in accordance with Sections (a), (b)
or (c) hereof and is transferring the Securities to an institutional accredited investor in a transaction exempt from the requirements of the Securities Act. 
  
 This certificate and the statements contained herein are made for your benefit and the benefit of the Company and the Underwriters (as defined in the Trust Agreement relating to the Issuer Trust to
which the Securities were initially issued). 
  
 (Print the name of the Undersigned, as such term is defined in the
second paragraph of this certificate) 
  
 
	  
  
  
 Dated: 
 

 

 	  	  
  
 By:
                
 
      Name:
       Title:
 

 
  
 (If the Undersigned is a corporation, partnership or fiduciary, the
title of the person signing on behalf of the Undersigned must be stated.) 
 

 75

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