Document:

SECURITIES
PURCHASE AGREEMENT

 

This Securities Purchase
Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of April 17, 2013, between Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its
successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively the “Purchasers”).

 

WHEREAS, subject to
the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each
Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in
this Agreement.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, IN
CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and
adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I.

DEFINITIONS

 

1.1         
Definitions.   In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement,
for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:

 

“Acquiring
Person” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.

 

“Action”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).

 

“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common
control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

“Board
of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

 

“Business
Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or
any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to
close.

 

“Closing”
means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.

 

“Closing
Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable
parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii)
the Company’s obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than
the third Trading Day following the date hereof.

 

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“Closing
Statement” means the Closing Statement in the form on Annex A attached hereto.

 

“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Common
Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which
such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

 

“Common
Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to
acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument
that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common
Stock.

 

“Company
Counsel” means Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP, with offices located at 61 Broadway, 32nd Fl, New York,
New York 10006.

 

“Disclosure
Schedules” means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company, if any, delivered concurrently herewith.

 

“EGS”
means Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, with offices located at 150 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10017.

 

“Evaluation
Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(r).

 

“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. 

 

“Exempt
Issuance” means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock or options to employees, officers or directors of the Company
pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors
or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose, (b) securities upon the exercise
or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible
into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended
since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or
conversion price of such securities, (c) up to 1,500,000 unregistered shares of Common Stock issued in payment of contractor invoices
in the ordinary course of business, and (d)   issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved
by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the
equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business
synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment
of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital
or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.

 

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“FCPA”
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.

 

“FDA”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(gg).

 

“FDCA”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(gg).

 

“GAAP”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).

 

“Indebtedness”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(z).

 

“Intellectual
Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(o).

 

“Liens”
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.

 

“Material
Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).

 

“Material
Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(m).

 

“Per
Share Purchase Price” equals $3.90, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends,
stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.

 

“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability
company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

 

“Pharmaceutical
Product” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(gg).

 

“Proceeding”
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial
proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.

 

“Prospectus”
means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.

 

“Prospectus
Supplement” means the supplement to the Prospectus complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with
the Commission and delivered by the Company to each Purchaser at the Closing.

 

“Purchaser
Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.

 

“Registration
Statement” means the effective registration statement with Commission file No. 333-185898 which registers the sale of
the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares to the Purchasers.

 

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“Required
Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).

 

“Rule
144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted
from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose
and effect as such Rule.

 

“Rule
424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted
from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose
and effect as such Rule.

 

“SEC
Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).

 

“Securities”
means the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares.

 

“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

“Shares”
means the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.

 

“Short
Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but
shall not be deemed to include the location and/or reservation of borrowable shares of Common Stock). 

 

“Subscription
Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares and Warrants purchased hereunder as specified
below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Subscription Amount,”
in United States dollars and in immediately available funds.

 

“Subsidiary”
means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company
formed or acquired after the date hereof.

 

“Trading
Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.

 

“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on
the date in question: the NYSE MKT, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New
York Stock Exchange or the OTC Bulletin Board (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

 

“Transaction
Documents” means this Agreement, the Warrants and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions
contemplated hereunder.

 

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“Transfer
Agent” means Computershare, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 520 Pike Street, Suite
1220, Seattle, WA 98101 and a facsimile number of _______________, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

 

“Variable
Rate Transaction” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(b).

 

“Warrants”
means, collectively, the Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a)
hereof, which Warrants shall be exercisable six (6) months following their issuance and have a term of exercise equal to five years,
in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.

 

“Warrant
Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.

 

ARTICLE II.

PURCHASE AND SALE

 

2.1         Closing.   On
the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with the execution and
delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly,   agree
to purchase, up to an aggregate of $10,000,000 of Shares and Warrants.   Each Purchaser shall deliver to the Company,
via wire transfer or a certified check, immediately available funds equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as set
forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser and the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares
and a Warrant as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth
in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing.   Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections
2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur at the offices of EGS or such other location as the parties shall mutually agree, including
the delivery to the Company of immediately available funds comprising the full Subscription Amounts.

 

2.2         Deliveries.

 

(a)         On
or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:

 

(i)         this
Agreement duly executed by the Company;

 

(ii)         a
legal opinion of Company Counsel, substantially in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto;

 

(iii)         a
copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via
The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) Shares equal to such Purchaser’s
Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser;

 

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(iv)         a
Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 40% of such
Purchaser’s Shares, with an exercise price equal to $4.29, subject to adjustment therein (such Warrant certificate
may be delivered within three Trading Days of the Closing Date); and

 

(v)         the
Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).

 

(b)         On
or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, the following:

 

(i)         this
Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and

 

(ii)         such
Purchaser’s Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the account specified in writing by the Company.

 

2.3         Closing
Conditions. 

 

(a)         The
obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:

 

(i)         the
accuracy in all material respects on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein
(unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);

 

(ii)         all
obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been
performed; and

 

(iii)         the
delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.

 

(b)         The
respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being
met:

 

(i)         the
accuracy in all material respects when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained
herein (unless as of a specific date therein);

 

(ii)         all
obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;

 

(iii)         the
delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;

 

(iv)         there
shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and

 

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(v)         from
the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company’s
principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg
L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are
reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States
or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national
or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in
each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the
Closing.

 

ARTICLE III.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

3.1         Representations
and Warranties of the Company.   Except as set forth in the last Annual
Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement and by the Disclosure Schedules (if any), which   reports
and Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent
of the disclosure contained therein, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser:

 

(a)         Subsidiaries.   The
Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any
Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid,
non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.   If the Company
has no subsidiaries, all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.

 

(b)         Organization
and Qualification.   The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized,
validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite
power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted.   Neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of
incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents.   Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is
duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which
the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be
so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse
effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of
operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole,
or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations
under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Proceeding has
been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and
authority or qualification.

 

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(c)         Authorization;
Enforcement.   The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations
hereunder and thereunder.   The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents
by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all
necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s
stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals.   This Agreement
and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company
and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company
enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’
rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable
remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

 

(d)         No
Conflicts.   The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction
Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s
certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute
a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien
upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment,
acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other
instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary
is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required
Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction
of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities
laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case
of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(e)         Filings,
Consents and Approvals.   The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order
of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental
authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents,
other than: (i) the filings required pursuant to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus
Supplement, (iii) application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Shares and Warrant Shares for trading
thereon in the time and manner required thereby and (iv) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities
laws (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).

 

(f)         Issuance
of the Securities; Registration.   The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance
with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all
Liens imposed by the Company.   The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, will
be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company.   The Company
has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement
and the Warrants. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements of the Securities
Act, which became effective on February 5, 2013 (the “Effective Date”), including the Prospectus, and such
amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement.   The Registration Statement
is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement
or suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have
been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission.   The Company, if required
by the rules and regulations of the Commission, shall file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b).   At
the time the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing
Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements
of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus and any amendments
or supplements thereto, at time the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed
and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

 

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(g)         Capitalization.   The
Company has not issued any capital stock since its Prospectus Supplement on From 424B4 filed on December
10, 2012 (“December Pro Supp”) under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee
stock options under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the
Company’s employee stock purchase or incentive plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents
outstanding as of the date of the December Pro Supp.   No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right,
right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.   Except
as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities or payment of the contractor invoices in whole or in part in Shares in the
ordinary course of business, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of
any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for,
or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock, or contracts, commitments, understandings
or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common
Stock Equivalents.   The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common
Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers) and will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities
to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such securities. All of the outstanding shares of capital
stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all
federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar
rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.   No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board
of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities.   There are no stockholders agreements,
voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party
or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.

 

(h)         SEC
Reports; Financial Statements.   The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents
required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d)
thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to
file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together
with the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”)
on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration
of any such extension.   As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the
requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any
untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to
make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company has never
been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports
comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect
thereto as in effect at the time of filing.   Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United
States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”),
except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements
may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company
and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods
then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.

 

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(i)         Material
Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments.   Since the date of the latest audited financial statements
included within the SEC Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof, (i)
there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses
incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s
financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission and (C) non-cash accounting measures that
have effect of reducing shareholder equity, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not
declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any
agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any
officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans.   The Company does not have
pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information.   No event, liability, fact,
circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the
Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that
would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed
made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made.

 

(j)         Litigation.   There
is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened
against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental
or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”)
which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities
or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.   Neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim
of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty.   There
has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving
the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company.   The Commission has not issued any stop
order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the
Exchange Act or the Securities Act.   

 

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(k)         Labor
Relations.   No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of
the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.   None
of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship
with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining
agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good.   To
the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation
of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition
agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment
of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of
the foregoing matters.   The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local
and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages
and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to
have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(l)         Compliance.   Neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived
that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company
or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or
credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether
or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator
or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental
authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection,
occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have
or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(m)         Regulatory
Permits.   The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the
appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described
in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect (“Material Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings
relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.

 

(n)         Title
to Assets.   The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property
owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company
and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such
property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries
and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made in accordance with
GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties.   Any real property and facilities
held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which
the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.

 

    	12

    	 

    

 

(o)         Intellectual
Property.   The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications,
trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual
property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in
the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual
Property Rights”).   None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written
or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is essential for the
Company’s business and is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement.   Neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC
Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon
the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect.   To
the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another
Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights.   The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security
measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do
so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(p)         Insurance.   The
Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in
such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but
not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to $5,000,000.   Neither the Company nor
any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage
expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant
increase in cost.

 

(q)         Transactions
With Affiliates and Employees.   Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of
the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently
a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including
any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or
personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments
to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director,
or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case
in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses
incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option or incentive agreements under any stock
option or incentive plan of the Company.

 

    	13

    	 

    

 

(r)         Sarbanes-Oxley;
Internal Accounting Controls.   The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable
requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations
promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date.   The
Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that:
(i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded
as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii)
access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded
accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect
to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to
ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded,
processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms.   The
Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and
the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date,
the “Evaluation Date”).   The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under
the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based
on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date.   Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal
control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.

 

(s)         Certain
Fees.   Except as set forth in the Prospectus Supplement, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions
are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent,
investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.   The
Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons
for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents.

 

(t)         Investment
Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will
not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended.   The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company”
subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

 

    	14

    	 

    

 

(u)         Registration
Rights.   No Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the
Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.

 

(v)         Listing
and Maintenance Requirements.   The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange
Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the
registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating
terminating such registration.   The Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice
from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance
with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will
not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.

 

(w)         Application
of Takeover Protections.   The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in
order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under
a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar
charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of
the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including
without limitation as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Securities.

 

(x)         Disclosure.   Except
with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms
that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any
information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed
in the Prospectus Supplement.    The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing
representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.   All of the disclosure furnished by or on
behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions
contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light
of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve
months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances
under which they were made and when made, not misleading.   The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser
makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically
set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.

 

    	15

    	 

    

 

(y)         No
Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2,
neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made
any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering
of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions
of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.

 

(z)         Solvency.   Based
on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company
of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the
amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including
known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry
on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular
capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability
thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate
all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in
respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid.   The Company does not intend to incur debts
beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in
respect of its debt).   The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that
it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year
from the Closing Date.   The SEC Reports sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured
Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments.   For
the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed
in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements
and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the
Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for
deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments
in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.   Neither the Company
nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.

 

(aa)         Tax
Status.   Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected
to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal,
state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction
to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown
or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate
for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply.   There
are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the
Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.

 

    	16

    	 

    

 

(bb)         Foreign
Corrupt Practices.   Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary,
any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for
unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii)
made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties
or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made
by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material
respect any provision of FCPA.

 

(cc)         Accountants.   To
the knowledge and belief of the Company, the Company’s accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required
by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s
Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013.         

 

(dd)         
Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities.   The Company acknowledges and agrees
that each of the Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction
Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby.   The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting
as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the
transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in
connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers’
purchase of the Securities.   The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s decision
to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions
contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.

 

    	17

    	 

    

 

(ee)         Acknowledgement
Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity.   Anything
in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Sections 3.2(e) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood
and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser
agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities
based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term; (ii) past or future open market or
other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions,
before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s
publicly-traded securities; (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which any such
Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Common Stock, and (iv) each
Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative”
transaction.   The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage
in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during
the periods that the value of the Warrant Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, and (z) such hedging
activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders' equity interests in the Company at and after the time
that the hedging activities are being conducted.   The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities
do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.

 

(ff)         Regulation
M Compliance.   The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly
or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the
Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for
soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another
to purchase any other securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Company’s
placement agent in connection with the placement of the Securities.

 

(gg)         FDA.   As
to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) under the Federal
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (“FDCA”) that is manufactured, packaged,
labeled, tested, distributed, sold, and/or marketed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a “Pharmaceutical
Product”), such Pharmaceutical Product is being manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold and/or marketed
by the Company in compliance with all applicable requirements under FDCA and similar laws, rules and regulations relating to registration,
investigational use, premarket clearance, licensure, or application approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices,
good clinical practices, product listing, quotas, labeling, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the
failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect.   There is no pending, completed or, to the
Company's knowledge, threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding,
charge, complaint, or investigation) against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
has received any notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) contests
the premarket clearance, licensure, registration, or approval of, the uses of, the distribution of, the manufacturing or packaging
of, the testing of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Pharmaceutical Product, (ii) withdraws its approval of, requests
the recall, suspension, or seizure of, or withdraws or orders the withdrawal of advertising or sales promotional materials relating
to, any Pharmaceutical Product, (iii) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,
(iv) enjoins production at any facility of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (v) enters or proposes to enter into a consent
decree of permanent injunction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (vi) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws,
rules or regulations by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and which, either individually or in the aggregate, would have
a Material Adverse Effect.   The properties, business and operations of the Company have been and are being conducted
in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA.   The Company
has not been informed by the FDA that the FDA will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product
proposed to be developed, produced or marketed by the Company nor has the FDA expressed any concern as to approving or clearing
for marketing any product being developed or proposed to be developed by the Company. 

 

    	18

    	 

    

 

(hh)         Office
of Foreign Assets Control.   Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director,
officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company   or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions
administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).

 

(ii)         U.S.
Real Property Holding Corporation.   The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation
within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser’s
request.

 

(jj)         Bank
Holding Company Act.   Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank
Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”).   Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or
Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting
securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation
by the Federal Reserve.   Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling
influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal
Reserve.

 

(kk)         Money
Laundering.   The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in
compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting
Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the
“Money Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority
or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the
knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.

 

(ll)         
Stock Option Plans. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company’s stock option plan was granted (i) in
accordance with the terms of the Company’s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market
value of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option
granted under the Company’s stock option plan has been backdated.   The Company has not knowingly granted,
and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate
the grant of stock options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its
Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.

 

    	19

    	 

    

 

3.2         Representations
and Warranties of the Purchasers.   Each Purchaser, for itself and
for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows
(unless as of a specific date therein):

 

(a)         Organization;
Authority.   Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly
incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation
with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution
and delivery of this Agreement and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have been duly
authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of
such Purchaser.   Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and
when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation
of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles
and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of
creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief
or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

 

(b)         Understandings
or Arrangements.   Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal
for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding
the distribution of such Securities (this representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities
pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).   Such
Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.

 

(c)         Purchaser
Status.   At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it
was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which it exercises any Warrants, it will be: an “accredited investor”
as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act.   

 

(d)         Experience
of Such Purchaser.   Such Purchaser, either alone or together with
its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of
evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such
investment.   Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities and, at the present
time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.

 

    	20

    	 

    

 

(e)         Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality.   Other than consummating the transactions
contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such
Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company
during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company
or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending
immediately prior to the execution hereof.   Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a
multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets
and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions
of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed
by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.   Other
than to other Persons party to this Agreement, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it
in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for
avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect
to the identification of the availability of, or securing of, available shares to borrow in order to effect Short Sales or similar
transactions in the future.

 

The Company acknowledges
and agrees that the representations contained in Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to
rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained
in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement
or the consummation of the transaction contemplated hereby.

 

ARTICLE IV.

OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES

 

4.1         Warrant
Shares.   If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time
when there is an effective registration statement to cover the issuance or resale of the Warrant Shares or if the Warrant is exercised
via cashless exercise because there is no effective Registration Statement (if so permitted under the terms of the Warrant), the
Warrant Shares issued pursuant to any such exercise shall be issued free of all legends.   If at any time following
the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any subsequent registration statement registering the sale or resale of the Warrant
Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall immediately
notify the holders of the Warrants in writing that such registration statement is not then effective and thereafter shall promptly
notify such holders when the registration statement is effective again and available for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares
(it being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit the ability of the Company to issue, or any Purchaser to sell,
any of the Warrant Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).   The Company shall
use best efforts to keep a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) registering the issuance or resale of
the Warrant Shares effective during the term of the Warrants. 

 

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4.2         Furnishing
of Information.   Until the earliest of the time that (i) no Purchaser
owns Securities or (ii) the Warrants have expired, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof
and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to
the Exchange Act.   

 

4.3         Integration.   The
Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in
Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and
regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction
unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction. 

 

4.4         Securities
Laws Disclosure; Publicity.   The Company shall (a) by 9:00 a.m. (New
York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date hereof, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of
the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including descriptions of the Transaction Documents
or including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act.   From
and after the issuance of such press release, the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all
material, non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their
respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.   The
Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated
hereby.   Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include
the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written
consent of such Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with the filing of final Transaction
Documents with the Commission and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which
case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b).

 

4.5         Shareholder
Rights Plan.   No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or,
with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share
acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan
or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of
any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between
the Company and the Purchasers.

 

4.6         Non-Public
Information.   Except with respect to the material terms and conditions
of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other
Person acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that the Company believes
constitutes material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have entered into a written agreement with
the Company regarding the confidentiality and use of such information.   The Company understands and confirms that
each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.

 

    	22

    	 

    

 

4.7         Use
of Proceeds.   Except as set forth in the Prospectus Supplement, the
Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder for working capital purposes and shall not use such
proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company’s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary
course of the Company’s business and prior practices), (b) for the redemption of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents,
(c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.

 

4.8         Indemnification
of Purchasers.    Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.8, the
Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents
(and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title
or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section
20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons
with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of
such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless
from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments,
amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser
Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or
agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the
Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not
an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless
such action is based upon a breach of such Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction
Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such
Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which constitutes fraud, gross negligence,
willful misconduct or malfeasance).   If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which
indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the
Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser
Party.   Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate
in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the
extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed
after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable
opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser
Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel.   The
Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without
the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only
to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations,
warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification
required by this Section 4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or
defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any
cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject
to pursuant to law.

 

    	23

    	 

    

 

4.9         Reservation
of Common Stock. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall
continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for
the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement and Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the
Warrants. 

 

4.10         Listing
of Common Stock. The Company hereby agrees to use best efforts to maintain the listing
or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the
Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market and use best efforts to promptly
secure the listing of all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies
to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then use best efforts to include in such application all of
the Shares and Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares and Warrant Shares to
be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible.   The Company will then take all action
reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all respects
with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. 

 

4.11         [RESERVED]

 

4.12         Subsequent
Equity Sales.   

 

(a)         From
the date hereof until 30 Trading Days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall issue, enter into any
agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents other
than Exempt Issuances.

 

(b)         From
the date hereof until one year from the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement
to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination
of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction.   “Variable Rate Transaction” means
a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or
exercisable for, or include the right to receive additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price
or exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common
Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange
price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the
occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the
Common Stock or (ii) enters into any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit, whereby the Company may
issue securities at a future determined price.   Any Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against
the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.

 

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(c)         Notwithstanding
the foregoing, this Section 4.12 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate Transaction shall
be an Exempt Issuance.

 

4.13         Equal
Treatment of Purchasers.   No consideration (including any modification
of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision
of this Agreement unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties to this Agreement.   For clarification
purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each
Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers
acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities or otherwise.

 

4.14         Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the
other Purchasers, covenants that neither it nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will
execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with
the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly
announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4.   Each
Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, such
Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information included in the
Disclosure Schedules, if any.   Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding
anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes
any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company
after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press
release as described in Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any
securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser
shall have any duty of confidentiality to the Company or its Subsidiaries after the issuance of the initial press release as described
in Section 4.4.   Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment
vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers
have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s
assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that
made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.

 

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4.15         Exercise
Procedures.   The form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants
set forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to exercise the Warrants.   No additional
legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of the Purchasers to exercise their Warrants.   Without
limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other
type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required in order to exercise the Warrants.   The
Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time
periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.

 

ARTICLE V.

MISCELLANEOUS

 

5.1         Termination.   This
Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever
on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, or terminated by the Company, by written notice to the other parties,
if the Closing has not been consummated without breach hereof by the terminating party on or before April 19, 2013; provided,
however, that no such termination will affect the right of any party to
sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).

 

5.2         Fees
and Expenses.   At the Closing, the Company has agreed to reimburse
Sabby Management, LLC (“Sabby”) legal counsel the non-accountable
sum of $25,000 for its legal fees and expenses.   Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to
the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all
other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement.   The
Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction
letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered by a Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied
in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers.

 

5.3         Entire
Agreement.   The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits
and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect
to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to
such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.

 

5.4         Notices.   Any
and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall
be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via
facsimile, with confirmation of delivery, at the facsimile number set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior
to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or
communication is delivered via facsimile, with confirmation of delivery, at the facsimile number set forth on the signature pages
attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) upon delivery
if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is
required to be given.   The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages
attached hereto.

 

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5.5         Amendments;
Waivers.   No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified,
supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Purchasers holding
at least 51%   in interest of the Shares based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder or, in the case of
a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought.   No waiver of any default
with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future
or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay
or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.

 

5.6         Headings.   The
headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect
any of the provisions hereof.

 

5.7         Successors
and Assigns.   This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the
benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.   The Company may not assign this Agreement or
any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser (other than by merger).   Any
Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any
Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions
of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”

 

5.8         No
Third-Party Beneficiaries.   This Agreement is intended for the benefit
of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision
hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8.

 

5.9         Governing
Law.   All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement
and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal
laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof.   Each party agrees
that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers,
shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in
the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting
in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any
transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents),
and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally
subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for
such proceeding.   Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being
served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery
(with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such
service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof, effective upon receipt.   Nothing
contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.   If
either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition
to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.8, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed
by the other party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation
and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

 

    	27

    	 

    

 

5.10         Survival.   The
representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.

 

5.11         Execution.   This
Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement
and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood
that the parties need not sign the same counterpart.   In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile
transmission or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation
of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf”
signature page were an original thereof.

 

5.12         Severability.   If
any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal,
void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full
force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially
reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated
by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that
they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be
hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.

 

5.13         Rescission
and Withdrawal Right.   Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a
right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations
within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon
written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions
and rights; provided, however,
that in the case of a rescission of an exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any shares of
Common Stock subject to any such rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise
price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration of such Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to
such Purchaser’s Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).

 

5.14         Replacement
of Securities.   If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities
is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon
cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but
only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction.   The applicant
for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary
indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.

 

    	28

    	 

    

 

5.15         Remedies.   In
addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the
Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents.   The parties
agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained
in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any action for specific performance of any such obligation
the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

 

5.16         Payment
Set Aside.   To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments
to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment
or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent
or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company,
a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law,
common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally
intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement
or setoff had not occurred.

 

5.17         Independent
Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights.   The obligations
of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no
Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under
any Transaction Document.   Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by
any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint
venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group
with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.   Each Purchaser
shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this
Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional
party in any proceeding for such purpose.   Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel
in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents.   For reasons of administrative convenience only, each
Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through EGS.   EGS does not represent
any of the Purchasers and only represents H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, the placement agent.   The Company has
elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because
it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers.   It is expressly understood and agreed that each
provision contained in this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and
not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.

 

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5.18         Liquidated
Damages.   The Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated
damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate
until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other amounts have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security
pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.

 

5.19         Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc.         If the
last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business
Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

 

5.20         Construction.
The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction
Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting
party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and
every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse
and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after
the date of this Agreement.

 

5.21         WAIVER
OF JURY TRIAL.   IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY
JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT
PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY. 

 

(Signature Pages Follow)

 

    	30

    	 

    

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the
parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
of the date first indicated above.

 

	NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC. 	Address for Notice:	 

 

	 	 	 	 	 
	By:	 	 	Fax:	 
	 	Name:	 	 	 
	 	Title:	 	 	 

	With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):    

 

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]

 

    	31

    	 

    

 

[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO NWBO SECURITIES
PURCHASE AGREEMENT]

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
of the date first indicated above.

 

	Name of Purchaser:	 

 

	Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser:	 

 

	Name of Authorized Signatory:	 

 

	Title of Authorized Signatory:	 

 

	Email Address of Authorized Signatory:	 

 

	Facsimile Number of Authorized Signatory:	 

 

Address for Notice to Purchaser:

 

Address for Delivery of Securities to Purchaser (if not same
as address for notice):

 

Subscription Amount: $_________________

 

Shares: _________________

 

Warrant Shares: __________________

 

EIN Number: _______________________

 

 ̈   Notwithstanding
anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i) the obligations of the above-signed to purchase
the securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations of the Company
to sell such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded, (ii) the
Closing shall occur on the third (3rd) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and (iii) any condition to Closing
contemplated by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i) above) that required delivery by the Company or the
above-signed of any agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) shall no longer be a condition
and shall instead be an unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such agreement,
instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party on the Closing Date.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGES CONTINUE]

 

    	32EXHIBIT 10.2

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

Established 1868

 

 

 

April 17, 2013

 

STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL

 

Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc.

4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 800

Bethesda, MD 20814

Attn: Linda Powers, Chief Executive Officer

 

 

Dear Ms. Powers:

 

This
letter agreement (this “Agreement”) constitutes the agreement between Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”)
and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“HCW”) that HCW shall serve as the exclusive (i) placement agent
for the Company in the U.S. (“Direct Placement”) on a reasonable best efforts basis or (ii) underwriter for
the Company in the U.S., on a firm commitment basis (“Underwritten Placement”), in connection with the proposed
transaction, or series of transactions, to occur during the term of this Agreement (each, a “Placement”). The
Placement shall consist of registered or unregistered securities (the “Securities”) of the Company, which Securities
may include one or any combination of the following: shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”),
warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock (“Warrants”) or securities of the Company convertible into shares
of Common Stock of the Company (“Convertible Securities”). Additionally, in the event that the Company undertakes
a restructuring of its outstanding debt or equity securities during the Term (as defined below), HCW shall, at its option, be the
exclusive investment banking firm in respect of such restructuring on commercially reasonable terms to be determined at the time
of such restructuring. The terms of such Placement and the Securities issued in connection therewith shall be mutually agreed upon
by the Company, HCW and, if a Direct Placement, the purchasers (each, a “Purchaser” and collectively, the “Purchasers”)
and nothing herein implies that HCW would have the power or authority to bind the Company or any Purchaser, and the Company shall
not, and nothing herein implies that the Company shall, have an obligation to issue any Securities or complete a Direct Placement.
This Agreement and the documents executed and delivered by the Company and the Purchasers in connection with a Placement shall
be collectively referred to herein as the “Transaction Documents.” The date of a closing of a Placement (including
any subsequent closings that occur pursuant to a Placement, whether at the discretion of the Company, the Purchasers (through additional
investment rights or otherwise), milestones or otherwise) shall be referred to herein as a “Closing Date.” The
Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that the execution of this Agreement does not constitute a commitment by HCW or any Purchaser
to purchase the Securities and does not ensure the successful placement of the Securities or any portion thereof or the success
of HCW with respect to securing any other financing on behalf of the Company. In the event the Placement will consist of unregistered
securities of the Company Sections 2 and 3 (unless otherwise indicated) of Annex A will apply in addition to the provisions
set forth herein and in the event that the Placement will consist of registered securities of the Company, Sections 1, 2 and 3
of Annex A will apply in addition to the provisions set forth herein.

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC – 570
Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022

212-356-0500 – www.hcwco.com

Member: FINRA, SIPC

    	 

    	 

    

 

 

In the event that a
Placement is an Underwritten Placement, prior to the commencement of the Underwritten Placement, the Company shall negotiate the
terms of an underwriting agreement with HCW containing such terms, covenants, conditions, representations, warranties, and providing
for the delivery of legal opinions, comfort letters and officer’s certificates, all in form and substance satisfactory to
HCW and its counsel and the Company.

 

In the event that a
Placement is a Direct Placement, the sale of Securities to any Purchaser will be evidenced by a purchase agreement (“Purchase
Agreement”) between the Company and such Purchaser, if required by the Purchaser, in a form reasonably satisfactory to
the Company and HCW. Prior to the signing of any Purchase Agreement, officers of the Company with responsibility for financial
affairs will be available to answer inquiries from prospective Purchasers.

 

Notwithstanding anything
herein to the contrary, in the event that HCW determines that any of the terms provided for hereunder shall not comply with a FINRA
rule, including but not limited to FINRA Rule 5110, then the Company shall agree to amend this Agreement in writing upon the request
of HCW to comply with any such rules; provided that any such amendments shall not provide for terms that are less favorable to
the Company.

 

A.                
Fees. In connection with the Services described above, the Company shall pay to HCW the following compensation:

 

 

1.                 
HCW’s Fee. The Company shall pay to HCW a cash placement fee (the “HCW’s Fee”) on
each Closing Date equal to 7% of the aggregate purchase price paid by each purchaser of Securities that are placed in a Placement
on such Closing Date during the Term. Other than through an Underwritten Placement, HCW’s Fee shall be paid at each closing
of the Placement (each, a “Closing”) through a third party escrow agent from the gross proceeds of the Securities
sold.

 

 

2.                 
Warrants.As additional compensation for the services performed hereunder, the Company shall issue to HCW
or its designees at each Closing, warrants (the “HCW Warrants”) to purchase that number of shares of common
stock of the Company (“Shares”) equal to 5% of the aggregate number of Shares placed in the Placement (or, if
Convertible Securities, shares of Common Stock underlying any Convertible Securities sold in the Placement to such Purchasers,
but excluding shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of any Warrants issued to Purchasers in the Placement). The HCW
Warrants shall have the same terms as the warrants issued to the Purchasers in the Placement, except that the exercise price shall
be 125% of the offering price per share and they shall have an exercise period of five years from issuance except that if the offering
is registered 5 years from the effective date of the shelf registration statement referred to in Section 1.A of Annex A, attached
hereto if applicable. If no warrants are issued to Purchasers, the HCW Warrants shall be in a customary form reasonably acceptable
to HCW. If required by FINRA Rule 5110, the HCW Warrants shall not be transferable for six months from the date of the Placement,
and further, the number of Shares underlying the HCW Warrants shall be reduced if necessary to comply with FINRA rules or regulations.

 

B.Term
and Termination of Engagement. The term (the “Term”) of HCW’s exclusive engagement will begin on the
date hereof and end seventy-five (75) days after the date hereof, provided, however, that if the execution of the current transaction
of at least $4 million does not occur by April 26, 2013, the Company may thereupon or thereafter cancel this engagement. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary contained herein, the provisions concerning confidentiality, indemnification and contribution contained
herein and the Company’s obligations contained in Section H hereof will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement,
and the Company’s obligation to pay fees actually earned and payable and to reimburse expenses actually incurred and reimbursable
pursuant to Section A hereof, if any, will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement, as permitted by FINRA
Rule 5110(f)(2)(d). Upon any expiration or termination of this Agreement, the Company's obligation to reimburse HCW for out of
pocket accountable expenses actually incurred by HCW and reimbursable upon closing of the Placement pursuant to Section A, if any,
or otherwise due under Section A hereof, will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement, as permitted by FINRA Rule
5110(f)(2)(d).

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC – 570
Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022

212-356-0500 – www.hcwco.com

Member: FINRA, SIPC

    	 

    	 

    

 

 

C.Use of Information.
The Company will furnish HCW such written information as HCW reasonably requests in connection with the performance of its services
hereunder. The Company understands, acknowledges and agrees that, in performing its services hereunder, HCW will use and rely entirely
upon such information as well as publicly available information regarding the Company and other potential parties to an Placement
and that HCW does not assume responsibility for independent verification of the accuracy or completeness of any information, whether
publicly available or otherwise furnished to it, concerning the Company or otherwise relevant to an Placement, including, without
limitation, any financial information, forecasts or projections considered by HCW in connection with the provision of its services.

 

D.Confidentiality.
In the event of the consummation or public announcement of any Placement, HCW shall have the right to disclose its participation
in such Placement, including, without limitation, the placement at its cost of “tombstone” advertisements in financial
and other newspapers and journals.

 

E.Securities
Matters. The Company shall be responsible for any and all compliance with the securities laws applicable to it, including Regulation
D and the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Rule 506 promulgated thereunder, and
unless otherwise agreed in writing, all state securities (“blue sky”) laws. HCW agrees to cooperate with counsel to
the Company in that regard.

 

F.Company Acknowledgement.
The Company acknowledges that the Placement of convertible Securities may create significant risks, including the risk that the
Company may have insufficient cash resources and/or registered shares to timely meet its payment and conversion obligations. The
Company further acknowledges that, depending on the number and price of new shares issued, such transaction may result in substantial
dilution which could adversely affect the market price of the Company’s shares. The Company agrees that it will perform and
comply with the covenants and other obligations set forth in the Transaction Documents and that HCW will be entitled to rely on
the representations, warranties, agreements and covenants of the Company contained in such Transaction Documents as if such representations,
warranties, agreements and covenants were made directly to HCW by the Company hereunder.

 

G.Indemnity.

 

1.In connection with
the Company’s engagement of HCW as placement agent, the Company hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless HCW and its
affiliates, and the respective controlling persons, directors, officers, members, shareholders, agents and employees of any of
the foregoing (collectively the “Indemnified Persons”), from and against any and all claims, actions, suits,
proceedings (including those of shareholders), damages, liabilities and expenses incurred by any of them (including the reasonable
fees and expenses of counsel), as incurred, (collectively a “Claim”), that are (A) related to or arise out of
(i) any actions taken or omitted to be taken (including any untrue statements made or any statements omitted to be made) by the
Company, or (ii) any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any Indemnified Person in connection with the Company’s engagement
of HCW, or (B) otherwise relate to or arise out of HCW’s activities on the Company’s behalf under HCW’s engagement,
and the Company shall reimburse any Indemnified Person for all expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel)
as incurred by such Indemnified Person in connection with investigating, preparing or defending any such claim, action, suit or
proceeding, whether or not in connection with pending or threatened litigation in which any Indemnified Person is a party. The
Company will not, however, be responsible for any Claim that is finally judicially determined to have resulted from the gross negligence
or willful misconduct of any person seeking indemnification for such Claim. The Company further agrees that no Indemnified Person
shall have any liability to the Company for or in connection with the Company’s engagement of HCW except for any Claim incurred
by the Company as a result of such Indemnified Person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct.

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC – 570
Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022

212-356-0500 – www.hcwco.com

Member: FINRA, SIPC

    	 

    	 

    

 

 

2.The Company further
agrees that it will not, without the prior written consent of HCW, settle, compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in
any pending or threatened Claim in respect of which indemnification may be sought hereunder (whether or not any Indemnified Person
is an actual or potential party to such Claim), unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional, irrevocable
release of each Indemnified Person from any and all liability arising out of such Claim.

 

3.Promptly upon receipt
by an Indemnified Person of notice of any complaint or the assertion or institution of any Claim with respect to which indemnification
is being sought hereunder, such Indemnified Person shall notify the Company in writing of such complaint or of such assertion or
institution but failure to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company from any obligation it may have hereunder, except
and only to the extent such failure results in the forfeiture by the Company of substantial rights and defenses. If the Company
so elects or is requested by such Indemnified Person, the Company will assume the defense of such Claim, including the employment
of counsel reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person and the payment of the fees and expenses of such counsel. In the
event, however, that legal counsel to such Indemnified Person reasonably determines that having common counsel would present such
counsel with a conflict of interest or if the defendant in, or target of, any such Claim, includes an Indemnified Person and the
Company, and legal counsel to such Indemnified Person reasonably concludes that there may be legal defenses available to it or
other Indemnified Persons different from or in addition to those available to the Company, then such Indemnified Person may employ
its own separate counsel to represent or defend him, her or it in any such Claim and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees
and expenses of such counsel. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if the Company fails timely or diligently to defend,
contest, or otherwise protect against any Claim, the relevant Indemnified Party shall have the right, but not the obligation, to
defend, contest, compromise, settle, assert crossclaims, or counterclaims or otherwise protect against the same, and shall be fully
indemnified by the Company therefor, including without limitation, for the reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel and all
amounts paid as a result of such Claim or the compromise or settlement thereof. In addition, with respect to any Claim in which
the Company assumes the defense, the Indemnified Person shall have the right to participate in such Claim and to retain his, her
or its own counsel therefor at his, her or its own expense.

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC – 570
Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022

212-356-0500 – www.hcwco.com

Member: FINRA, SIPC

    	 

    	 

    

 

 

4.The Company agrees
that if any indemnity sought by an Indemnified Person hereunder is held by a court to be unavailable for any reason then (whether
or not HCW is the Indemnified Person), the Company and HCW shall contribute to the Claim for which such indemnity is held unavailable
in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits to the Company, on the one hand, and HCW on the other, in
connection with HCW’s engagement referred to above, subject to the limitation that in no event shall the amount of HCW’s
contribution to such Claim exceed the amount of fees actually received by HCW from the Company pursuant to HCW’s engagement.
The Company hereby agrees that the relative benefits to the Company, on the one hand, and HCW on the other, with respect to HCW’s
engagement shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as (a) the total value paid or proposed to be paid or received by the Company
pursuant to the Placement (whether or not consummated) for which HCW is engaged to render services bears to (b) the fee paid or
proposed to be paid to HCW in connection with such engagement.

 

5.The Company’s
indemnity, reimbursement and contribution obligations under this Agreement (a) shall be in addition to, and shall in no way limit
or otherwise adversely affect any rights that any Indemnified Party may have at law or at equity and (b) shall be effective whether
or not the Company is at fault in any way.

 

H.Limitation
of Engagement to the Company. The Company acknowledges that HCW has been retained only by the Company, that HCW is providing
services hereunder as an independent contractor (and not in any fiduciary or agency capacity) and that the Company’s engagement
of HCW is not deemed to be on behalf of, and is not intended to confer rights upon, any shareholder, owner or partner of the Company
or any other person not a party hereto as against HCW or any of its affiliates, or any of its or their respective officers, directors,
controlling persons (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), employees or agents. Unless otherwise expressly agreed in writing by HCW,
no one other than the Company is authorized to rely upon this Agreement or any other statements or conduct of HCW, and no one other
than the Company is intended to be a beneficiary of this Agreement. The Company acknowledges that any recommendation or advice,
written or oral, given by HCW to the Company in connection with HCW’s engagement is intended solely for the benefit and use
of the Company’s management and directors in considering a possible Placement, and any such recommendation or advice is not
on behalf of, and shall not confer any rights or remedies upon, any other person or be used or relied upon for any other purpose.
HCW shall not have the authority to make any commitment binding on the Company. The Company, in its sole discretion, shall have
the right to reject any investor introduced to it by HCW.

 

I.Limitation
of HCW’s Liability to the Company. HCW and the Company further agree that neither HCW nor any of its affiliates or any
of its their respective officers, directors, controlling persons (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section
20 of the Exchange Act), employees or agents shall have any liability to the Company, its security holders or creditors, or any
person asserting claims on behalf of or in the right of the Company (whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort, for an act
of negligence or otherwise) for any losses, fees, damages, liabilities, costs, expenses or equitable relief arising out of or relating
to this Agreement or the Services rendered hereunder, except for losses, fees, damages, liabilities, costs or expenses that arise
out of or are based on any action of or failure to act by HCW and that are finally judicially determined to have resulted solely
from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of HCW.

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC – 570
Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022

212-356-0500 – www.hcwco.com

Member: FINRA, SIPC

    	 

    	 

    

 

 

J.Governing
Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements
made and to be fully performed therein. Any disputes that arise under this Agreement, even after the termination of this Agreement,
will be heard only in the state or federal courts located in the City of New York, State of New York. The parties hereto expressly
agree to submit themselves to the jurisdiction of the foregoing courts in the City of New York, State of New York. The parties
hereto expressly waive any rights they may have to contest the jurisdiction, venue or authority of any court sitting in the City
and State of New York. In the event of the bringing of any action, or suit by a party hereto against the other party hereto, arising
out of or relating to this Agreement, the party in whose favor the final judgment or award shall be entered shall be entitled to
have and recover from the other party the costs and expenses incurred in connection therewith, including its reasonable attorneys’
fees. Any rights to trial by jury with respect to any such action, proceeding or suit are hereby waived by HCW and the Company.

 

K.Notices.
All notices hereunder will be in writing and sent by certified mail, hand delivery, overnight delivery or email, if sent to HCW,
to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, at the address set forth on the first page hereof, email to: notices@hcwco.com
and if sent to the Company, to the address set forth on the first page hereof, fax number __________________ Attention:
Chief Executive Officer. Notices shall be effective upon delivery..

 

L.Miscellaneous.
This Agreement shall not be modified or amended except in writing signed by HCW and the Company. This Agreement shall be binding
upon and inure to the benefit of both HCW and the Company and their respective assigns, successors, and legal representatives.
This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of HCW and the Company with respect to this Placement and supersedes any prior
agreements with respect to the subject matter hereof. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable
in any respect, such determination will not affect such provision in any other respect, and the remainder of the Agreement shall
remain in full force and effect. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (including facsimile counterparts), each of which
shall be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

 

 

 

*********************

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC – 570
Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022

212-356-0500 – www.hcwco.com

Member: FINRA, SIPC

    	 

    	 

    

 

In acknowledgment that
the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding reached by HCW and the Company, please sign in the space provided below, whereupon
this letter shall constitute a binding Agreement as of the date indicated above.

 

 

 

Very truly
yours,

 

 

H.C. WAINWRIGHT
& CO., LLC

 

 

By ___/s/ Mark W. Viklund_________

 Name: Mark W.
Viklund

Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

Accepted and Agreed:

 

 

 

Northwest
Biotherapeutics, Inc.

 

 

 

By ___/s/ Linda Powers_______________________

Name: Linda Powers

Title: Chairman &
Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC – 570
Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022

212-356-0500 – www.hcwco.com

Member: FINRA, SIPC

    	 

    	 

    

 

 

Annex A

 

 

 

SECTION 1. REGISTRATION STATEMENT

 

The Company represents and warrants to,
and agrees with, the Placement Agent that:

 

(A)The Company has filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration File No. 333-185898)
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), which became effective on February 5, 2013, for
the registration under the Securities Act of the Shares. At the time of such filing, the Company met the requirements of Form S-3
under the Securities Act. Such registration statement meets the requirements set forth in Rule 415(a)(1)(x) under the Securities
Act and complies with said Rule. The Company will file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, and
the rules and regulations (the “Rules and Regulations”) of the Commission promulgated thereunder, a supplement to the
form of prospectus included in such registration statement relating to the placement of the Shares and the plan of distribution
thereof and has advised the Placement Agent of all further information (financial and other) with respect to the Company required
to be set forth therein. Such registration statement, including the exhibits thereto, as amended at the date of this Agreement,
is hereinafter called the “Registration Statement”; such prospectus in the form in which it appears in the Registration
Statement is hereinafter called the “Base Prospectus”; and the supplemented form of prospectus, in the form in which
it will be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) (including the Base Prospectus as so supplemented) is hereinafter
called the “Prospectus Supplement.” Any reference in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus
or the Prospectus Supplement shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein (the “Incorporated
Documents”) pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 which were filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”), on or before the date of this Agreement, or the issue date of the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement, as
the case may be; and any reference in this Agreement to the terms “amend,” “amendment” or “supplement”
with respect to the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement shall be deemed to refer to and include
the filing of any document under the Exchange Act after the date of this Agreement, or the issue date of the Base Prospectus or
the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be, deemed to be incorporated therein by reference. All references in this Agreement
to financial statements and schedules and other information which is “contained,” “included,” “described,”
“referenced,” “set forth” or “stated” in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or
the Prospectus Supplement (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements
and schedules and other information which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Base
Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement
or the use of the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement has been issued, and no proceeding for any such purpose is pending
or has been initiated or, to the Company's knowledge, is threatened by the Commission. For purposes of this Agreement, “free
writing prospectus” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act and the “Time of Sale Prospectus”
means the preliminary prospectus, if any, together with the free writing prospectuses, if any, used in connection with the Placement,
including any documents incorporated by reference therein.

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC – 570
Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022

212-356-0500 – www.hcwco.com

Member: FINRA, SIPC

    	 

    	 

    

 

 

(B)The Registration Statement (and
any further documents to be filed with the Commission) contains all exhibits and schedules as required by the Securities Act. Each
of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became effective, complied in all material
respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations and did not and, as amended or supplemented,
if applicable, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated
therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, if any, and
the Prospectus Supplement, each as of its respective date, comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange
Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations. Each of the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, if any, and the Prospectus
Supplement, as amended or supplemented, did not and will not contain as of the date thereof any untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which
they were made, not misleading. The Incorporated Documents, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material
respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations, and none of such documents, when they
were filed with the Commission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements therein (with respect to Incorporated Documents incorporated by reference in the Base Prospectus or Prospectus
Supplement), in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated
by reference in the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, if any, or Prospectus Supplement, when such documents are filed
with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable Rules and
Regulations, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No post-effective amendment
to the Registration Statement reflecting any facts or events arising after the date thereof which represent, individually or in
the aggregate, a fundamental change in the information set forth therein is required to be filed with the Commission. There are
no documents required to be filed with the Commission in connection with the transaction contemplated hereby that (x) have not
been filed as required pursuant to the Securities Act or (y) will not be filed within the requisite time period. There are no contracts
or other documents required to be described in the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, if any, or Prospectus Supplement,
or to be filed as exhibits or schedules to the Registration Statement, which have not been described or filed as required.

 

(C)The Company is eligible to use free
writing prospectuses in connection with the Placement pursuant to Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act. Any free writing
prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will be, filed with
the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission
thereunder. Each free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the
Securities Act or that was prepared by or behalf of or used by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with
the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. The Company will
not, without the prior consent of the Placement Agent, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus.

 

(D)The Company has delivered, or will
as promptly as practicable deliver, to the Placement Agent complete conformed copies of the Registration Statement and of each
consent and certificate of experts, as applicable, filed as a part thereof, and conformed copies of the Registration Statement
(without exhibits), the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, if any, and the Prospectus Supplement, as amended or supplemented,
in such quantities and at such places as the Placement Agent reasonably requests. Neither the Company nor any of its directors
and officers has distributed and none of them will distribute, prior to the Closing Date, any offering material in connection with
the offering and sale of the Shares other than the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, if any, the Prospectus Supplement,
the Registration Statement, copies of the documents incorporated by reference therein and any other materials permitted by the
Securities Act.

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC – 570
Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022

212-356-0500 – www.hcwco.com

Member: FINRA, SIPC

    	 

    	 

    

 

 

In the event that a
Direct Placement occurs off a registration statement other than the Registration Statement, prior to the commencement of any such
Placement, the Company shall make written representations, warranties and covenants to HCW as to such subsequent registration statement
(and other offering documents) that are substantially the same as the representations, warranties and covenants made under this
Section, which representations, warranties and covenants shall be reasonably satisfactory to HCW.

 

SECTION 2.REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES. The Company hereby makes the representations and warranties set forth below to HCW as of the date of the applicable
Placement and as of the applicable Closing Date.

 

(A)Reliance
on Representations and Warranties to Purchasers. HCW shall be entitled to rely upon
any and all representations and warranties of the Company included in the purchase agreements entered into by the Company and the
Purchasers in connection with the Placement, subject to the qualifications and limitations therein, and such representations and
warranties are incorporated by reference as though fully set forth in this Agreement.

 

(B)FINRA Affiliations.
There are no affiliations with any FINRA member firm among the Company’s officers, directors or, to the knowledge of the
Company, any five percent (5%) or greater stockholder of the Company.

 

SECTION 3.CLOSING. The
obligations of HCW and the Purchasers, and the closing of the sale of the Securities under the Transaction Documents are subject
to the accuracy, when made and on the applicable Closing Date, of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company
and its Subsidiaries contained herein, to the accuracy of the statements of the Company and its Subsidiaries made in any certificates
pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the Company and its Subsidiaries of their obligations hereunder, and to
each of the following additional terms and conditions:

 

(A)[REGISTERED
OFFERINGS ONLY] No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have been issued and no proceedings
for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission, and any request for additional information on the part
of the Commission (to be included in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement or otherwise)
shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of HCW.

 

(B)[REGISTERED
OFFERINGS ONLY] HCW shall not have discovered and disclosed to the Company on or prior to the Closing Date that the Registration
Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto contains an untrue statement
of a fact which, in the opinion of counsel for HCW, is material or omits to state any fact which, in the opinion of such counsel,
is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

 

(C)All corporate
proceedings and other legal matters incident to the authorization, form, execution, delivery and validity of each Transaction Document,
and the Securities, and, if the Securities are registered, the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement,
and all other legal matters relating to the Transaction documents and the transactions contemplated thereby shall be reasonably
satisfactory in all material respects to counsel for HCW, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel all documents and
information that they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC – 570
Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022

212-356-0500 – www.hcwco.com

Member: FINRA, SIPC

    	 

    	 

    

 

 

(D)HCW shall have
received from outside counsel to the Company such counsel’s written opinion, addressed to HCW and the Purchasers dated as
of the applicable Closing Date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to HCW, which opinion shall include a “10b-5”
representation from such counsel.

 

(E)Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall have sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements, any loss or
interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood, terrorist act or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance,
or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth in or contemplated by the
Base Prospectus and (ii) except as provided in the Transaction Documents, since such date there shall not have been any change
in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any material change, or any material development
involving a prospective material change, in or affecting the business, general affairs, management, financial position, stockholders’
equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries, the effect of which, in any such case described
in clause (i) or (ii), is, in the judgment of HCW, so material and adverse as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed
with the sale or delivery of the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated under the Transaction Documents or, if
pursuant to an Underwritten Placement, pursuant to the Prospectus Supplement.

 

(F)The Common Stock
is registered under the Exchange Act and, as of the applicable Closing Date, the Shares shall be listed and admitted and authorized
for trading on the Trading Market, and satisfactory evidence of such actions shall have been provided to HCW. The Company shall
have taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange
Act or delisting or suspending from trading the Common Stock from the Trading Market, nor has the Company received any information
suggesting that the Commission or the Trading Market is contemplating terminating such registration or listing.

 

(G)Subsequent to
the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents or underwriting agreement, as applicable, there shall not have occurred
any of the following: (i) trading in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq National Market or the NYSE
Alternext US or in the over-the-counter market, or trading in any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter
market, shall have been suspended or minimum or maximum prices or maximum ranges for prices shall have been established on any
such exchange or such market by the Commission, by such exchange or by any other regulatory body or governmental authority having
jurisdiction, (ii) a banking moratorium shall have been declared by federal or state authorities or a material disruption has occurred
in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States, (iii) the United States shall have become
engaged in hostilities in which it is not currently engaged, the subject of an act of terrorism, there shall have been an escalation
in hostilities involving the United States, or there shall have been a declaration of a national emergency or war by the United
States, or (iv) there shall have occurred any other calamity or crisis or any change in general economic, political or financial
conditions in the United States or elsewhere, if the effect of any such event in clause (iii) or (iv) makes it, in the sole judgment
of HCW, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the sale or delivery of the Securities.

 

(H)No action shall
have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any governmental agency
or body which would, as of the applicable Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities or materially and adversely
affect or potentially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company; and no injunction, restraining order or order
of any other nature by any federal or state court of competent jurisdiction shall have been issued as of the applicable Closing
Date which would prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities or materially and adversely affect or potentially and adversely
affect the business or operations of the Company.

 

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC – 570
Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022

212-356-0500 – www.hcwco.com

Member: FINRA, SIPC

    	 

    	 

    

 

 

(I)The Company
shall have prepared and filed with the Commission a Current Report on Form 8-K with respect to the Placement, including as an exhibit
thereto this Agreement.

 

(J)If a Direct
Placement, the Company shall have entered into subscription agreements with each of the Purchasers and such agreements shall be
in full force and effect and shall contain representations and warranties of the Company as agreed between the Company and the
Purchasers.

 

(K)FINRA shall
have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the terms and arrangements of this Agreement. In addition, the Company
shall, if requested by HCW, make or authorize HCW’s counsel to make on the Company’s behalf, an Issuer Filing with
FINRA pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110 with respect to the Registration Statement and pay all filing fees required in connection therewith.

 

(L)Prior to the
applicable Closing Date, the Company shall have furnished to HCW such further information, certificates and documents as HCW may
reasonably request.

 

All opinions, letters,
evidence and certificates mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions
hereof only if they are in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel for HCW.

 

 

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC – 570
Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022

212-356-0500 – www.hcwco.com

Member: FINRA, SIPC

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