Document:

NANOMETRICS INCORPORATED

                        2003 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN

         The following  constitute  the  provisions  of the 2003 Employee  Stock
Purchase Plan of Nanometrics Incorporated.

         1.  Purpose.  The  purpose of the Plan is to provide  employees  of the
Company and its Designated  Subsidiaries  with an opportunity to purchase Common
Stock of the Company through accumulated payroll deductions. It is the intention
of the Company to have the Plan qualify as an  "Employee  Stock  Purchase  Plan"
under  Section  423 of the  Internal  Revenue  Code of  1986,  as  amended.  The
provisions  of the Plan,  accordingly,  shall be  construed  so as to extend and
limit  participation in a uniform and  nondiscriminatory  manner consistent with
the requirements of that section of the Code.

         2. Definitions.

                  (a)  "Administrator"  shall  mean the  Board or any  Committee
designated by the Board to administer the plan pursuant to Section 14.

                  (b) "Board" shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.

                  (c) "Change of Control"  shall mean the  occurrence  of any of
the following events:

                           (i) Any  "person"  (as such term is used in  Sections
13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) becomes the "beneficial  owner" (as defined
in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the
Company  representing  fifty  percent  (50%) or more of the total  voting  power
represented by the Company's then outstanding voting securities; or

                           (ii) The  consummation  of the sale or disposition by
the Company of all or substantially all of the Company's assets; or

                           (iii) The  consummation of a merger or  consolidation
of the Company, with any other corporation, other than a merger or consolidation
which  would  result  in  the  voting  securities  of  the  Company  outstanding
immediately   prior  thereto   continuing  to  represent  (either  by  remaining
outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity
or its  parent)  at  least  fifty  percent  (50%)  of  the  total  voting  power
represented by the voting securities of the Company, or such surviving entity or
its parent outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation.

                           (iv) A change in the  composition of the Board,  as a
result of which fewer than a majority of the Directors are Incumbent  Directors.
"Incumbent  Directors"  shall mean Directors who either (A) are Directors of the
Company, as applicable,  as of the date hereof, or (B) are elected, or nominated
for election,  to the Board with the affirmative votes of at least a majority of
those  Directors  whose  election or nomination  was not in connection  with any
transaction described

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in subsections  (i), (ii) or (iii) or in connection with an actual or threatened
proxy contest relating to the election of Directors of the Company.

                  (d) "Code"  shall mean the Internal  Revenue Code of 1986,  as
amended.

                  (e) "Common Stock" shall mean the Common Stock of the Company.

                  (f)  "Committee"  means a committee of the Board  appointed by
the Board in accordance with Section 14 hereof.

                  (g)  "Company"   shall  mean   Nanometrics   Incorporated,   a
California corporation.

                  (h)  "Compensation"  shall mean all base  straight  time gross
earnings,   exclusive  of  payments  for  overtime,  shift  premium,   incentive
compensation, incentive payments, bonuses, commissions and other compensation.

                  (i) "Designated Subsidiary" shall mean any Subsidiary that has
been designated by the Administrator from time to time in its sole discretion as
eligible to participate in the Plan.

                  (j) "Director" shall mean a member of the Board.

                  (k) "Eligible  Employee"  shall mean any  individual  who is a
common law employee of the Company or any Designated  Subsidiary whose customary
employment with the Company or any Designated Subsidiary is at least twenty (20)
hours per week and more than five (5) months in any calendar  year. For purposes
of the Plan, the employment  relationship  shall be treated as continuing intact
while the individual is on sick leave or other leave of absence  approved by the
Company. Where the period of leave exceeds ninety (90) days and the individual's
right to  reemployment is not guaranteed  either by statute or by contract,  the
employment  relationship  shall be deemed to have  terminated on the 91st day of
such leave.

                  (l)  "Enrollment  Date"  shall  mean  the  first  day of  each
Offering Period.

                  (m)  "Exercise  Date" shall mean the last day of each Offering
Period. The first Exercise Date under the Plan shall be the first Trading Day on
or after the last day of the Company's  fiscal  quarter ending in March or April
of 2004.

                  (n) "Fair Market Value" shall mean, as of any date,  the value
of Common Stock determined as follows:

                           (i) If the Common Stock is listed on any  established
stock exchange or a national  market system,  including  without  limitation the
Nasdaq National Market or The Nasdaq SmallCap Market of The Nasdaq Stock Market,
its Fair Market  Value  shall be the closing  sales price for such stock (or the
closing bid, if no sales were reported) as quoted on such exchange or system for
the last market  trading day on the date of such  determination,  as reported in
The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Board deems reliable, or;

                           (ii) If the  Common  Stock is  regularly  quoted by a
recognized  securities  dealer but  selling  prices are not  reported,  its Fair
Market Value shall be the mean of the closing bid

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and asked  prices for the  Common  Stock on the date of such  determination,  as
reported  in The Wall  Street  Journal or such other  source as the Board  deems
reliable, or;

                           (iii) In the absence of an established market for the
Common Stock, the Fair Market Value thereof shall be determined in good faith by
the Board.

                  (o) "Offering Periods" shall mean the periods of approximately
six (6)  months  during  which an  option  granted  pursuant  to the Plan may be
exercised,  (i)  commencing on the first Trading Day on or after the last day of
the Company's first fiscal quarter, which typically ends in March, of each year,
and  terminating  on the  first  Trading  Day on or  after  the  last day of the
Company's third fiscal quarter, which typically ends in September, approximately
six months later,  and (ii)  commencing on the first Trading Day on or after the
last  day of the  Company's  third  fiscal  quarter,  which  typically  ends  in
September,  of each year,  and  terminating on the first Trading Day on or after
the last day of the Company's  first fiscal  quarter,  which  typically  ends in
March, of the following year, approximately six months later; provided, however,
that the first  Offering  Period  under the Plan shall  commence  with the first
Trading Day on or after the last day of the  Company's  third fiscal  quarter of
2003,  which ends in September or October of 2003,  and end on the first Trading
Day on or after the last day of the  Company's  first  fiscal  quarter  of 2004,
which  ends in March or April of 2004.  The  duration  and  timing  of  Offering
Periods may be changed pursuant to Section 4 of this Plan.

                  (p) Plan" shall mean this Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

                  (q) "Purchase  Price" shall mean an amount equal to 85% of the
Fair Market  Value of a share of Common Stock on the  Enrollment  Date or on the
Exercise Date, whichever is lower;  provided,  however,  that the Purchase Price
may be adjusted by the Administrator pursuant to Section 20.

                  (r)  "Subsidiary"  shall  mean  a  "subsidiary   corporation,"
whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code.

                  (s)  "Trading  Day" shall mean a day on which  national  stock
exchanges and the Nasdaq System are open for trading.

         3. Eligibility.

                  (a)  Offering  Periods.  Any  Eligible  Employee  on  a  given
Enrollment Date shall be eligible to participate in the Plan.

                  (b)  Limitations.  Any  provisions of the Plan to the contrary
notwithstanding,  no Eligible Employee shall be granted an option under the Plan
(i) to the extent that,  immediately after the grant, such Eligible Employee (or
any other  person  whose stock would be  attributed  to such  Eligible  Employee
pursuant to Section  424(d) of the Code) would own capital  stock of the Company
and/or hold  outstanding  options to purchase such stock possessing five percent
(5%) or more of the total  combined  voting power or value of all classes of the
capital  stock of the Company or of any  Subsidiary,  or (ii) to the extent that
his or her rights to purchase  stock under all employee  stock purchase plans of
the Company and its  subsidiaries  accrues at a rate which  exceeds  twenty-five

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

thousand dollars  ($25,000) worth of stock  (determined at the fair market value
of the shares at the time such  option is  granted)  for each  calendar  year in
which such option is outstanding at any time.

         4.  Offering  Periods.  The Plan shall be  implemented  by  consecutive
Offering Periods with a new Offering Period  commencing on the first Trading Day
on or after the last day of the Company's first fiscal quarter,  which typically
ends in March,  of each year, and the first Trading Day on or after the last day
of the Company's  third fiscal quarter,  which  typically ends in September,  of
each year, or on such other date as the Board shall  determine,  and  continuing
thereafter  until  terminated  in accordance  with Section 20 hereof;  provided,
however,  that the first Offering  Period under the Plan shall commence with the
first Trading Day on or after the last day of the Company's third fiscal quarter
of 2003,  which  ends in  September  or  October  of 2003,  and end on the first
Trading Day on or after the last day of the  Company's  first fiscal  quarter of
2004,  which ends in March or April of 2004.  The Board  shall have the power to
change the  duration of  Offering  Periods  (including  the  commencement  dates
thereof) with respect to future offerings without  shareholder  approval if such
change is  announced  prior to the  scheduled  beginning  of the first  Offering
Period to be affected thereafter.

         5. Participation.  An Eligible Employee may become a participant in the
Plan by completing a subscription agreement in the form of Exhibit A authorizing
payroll  deductions to this Plan and filing it with the Company's payroll office
prior to the applicable Enrollment Date.

         6. Payroll Deductions.

                  (a) At the time a  participant  files his or her  subscription
agreement, he or she shall elect to have payroll deductions made on each pay day
during the Offering Period in an amount not less than one percent (1.0%) and not
exceeding ten percent  (10.0%) of the  Compensation  which he or she receives on
each pay day during the Offering Period;  provided,  however,  that should a pay
day occur on an Exercise Date, a participant  shall have the payroll  deductions
made on such day applied to his or her account under the new Offering  Period. A
participant's  subscription  agreement  shall  remain in effect  for  successive
Offering Periods unless terminated as provided in Section 10 hereof.

                  (b) Payroll deductions for a participant shall commence on the
first payday  following the Enrollment  Date and shall end on the last payday in
the Offering  Period to which such  authorization  is applicable,  unless sooner
terminated by the participant as provided in Section 10 hereof.

                  (c) All payroll  deductions  made for a  participant  shall be
credited  to his or her  account  under the Plan and shall be  withheld in whole
percentages  only. A participant may not make any additional  payments into such
account.

                  (d) A participant may discontinue his or her  participation in
the Plan as provided in Section 10 hereof,  or may increase or decrease the rate
of his or her payroll  deductions  during the Offering  Period by  completing or
filing with the Company a new  subscription  agreement  authorizing  a change in
payroll  deduction rate. The  Administrator  may, in its  discretion,  limit the
nature and/or number of  participation  rate changes during any Offering Period.
The  change in rate  shall be  effective  with the  first  full  payroll  period
following  five  (5)  business  days  after  the  Company's

                                      -4-
<PAGE>

receipt of the new subscription agreement unless the Company elects to process a
given change in participation more quickly.

                  (e) Notwithstanding the foregoing,  to the extent necessary to
comply  with  Section   423(b)(8)  of  the  Code  and  Section  3(b)  hereof,  a
participant's  payroll  deductions  may be decreased to zero percent (0%) at any
time during an Offering Period.  Payroll deductions shall recommence at the rate
provided in such  participant's  subscription  agreement at the beginning of the
first Offering Period which is scheduled to end in the following  calendar year,
unless terminated by the participant as provided in Section 10 hereof.

                  (f) At the time the option is exercised,  in whole or in part,
or at the time some or all of the  Company's  Common Stock issued under the Plan
is disposed of, the participant  must make adequate  provision for the Company's
federal, state, or other tax withholding  obligations,  if any, which arise upon
the exercise of the option or the  disposition of the Common Stock. At any time,
the Company may, but shall not be obligated to, withhold from the  participant's
compensation the amount necessary for the Company to meet applicable withholding
obligations, including any withholding required to make available to the Company
any tax  deductions or benefits  attributable  to sale or early  disposition  of
Common Stock by the Eligible Employee.

         7. Grant of Option.  On the  Enrollment  Date of each Offering  Period,
each Eligible Employee participating in such Offering Period shall be granted an
option  to  purchase  on the  Exercise  Date of  such  Offering  Period  (at the
applicable  Purchase  Price) up to a number of  shares of the  Company's  Common
Stock  determined  by  dividing  such  Eligible  Employee's  payroll  deductions
accumulated  prior to such  Exercise  Date  and  retained  in the  Participant's
account as of the Exercise Date by the applicable Purchase Price;  provided that
in no event shall an  Eligible  Employee be  permitted  to purchase  during each
Offering Period more than 5,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock (subject to
any adjustment  pursuant to Section 19), and provided further that such purchase
shall be subject to the  limitations  set forth in Sections  3(b) and 13 hereof.
The  Eligible  Employee  may  accept  the grant of such  option by  turning in a
completed and signed  subscription  agreement  (in the form  attached  hereto as
Exhibit A) to the Company on or prior to an Enrollment  Date. The  Administrator
may,  for  future  Offering  Periods,  increase  or  decrease,  in its  absolute
discretion,  the  maximum  number  of shares of the  Company's  Common  Stock an
Eligible Employee may purchase during an Offering Period. Exercise of the option
shall  occur as  provided  in  Section  8 hereof,  unless  the  participant  has
withdrawn pursuant to Section 10 hereof. The option shall expire on the last day
of the Offering Period.

         8. Exercise of Option.

                  (a) Unless a participant  withdraws  from the Plan as provided
in Section 10 hereof,  his or her  option for the  purchase  of shares  shall be
exercised  automatically  on the Exercise  Date,  and the maximum number of full
shares  subject  to  option  shall  be  purchased  for such  participant  at the
applicable  Purchase Price with the accumulated payroll deductions in his or her
account.  No  fractional  shares  shall be  purchased;  any  payroll  deductions
accumulated  in a  participant's  account which are not sufficient to purchase a
full share  shall be retained in the  participant's  account for the  subsequent
Offering Period, subject to earlier withdrawal by the participant as provided in
Section 10 hereof. Any other monies left over in a participant's account

                                      -5-
<PAGE>

after  the  Exercise  Date  shall  be  returned  to the  participant.  During  a
participant's  lifetime,  a participant's option to purchase shares hereunder is
exercisable only by him or her.

                  (b) If the Administrator  determines that, on a given Exercise
Date, the number of shares with respect to which options are to be exercised may
exceed (i) the number of shares of Common  Stock  that were  available  for sale
under the Plan on the Enrollment Date of the applicable Offering Period, or (ii)
the number of shares  available for sale under the Plan on such  Exercise  Date,
the  Administrator may in its sole discretion (x) provide that the Company shall
make a pro rata  allocation of the shares of Common Stock available for purchase
on such Enrollment Date or Exercise Date, as applicable,  in as uniform a manner
as shall be practicable  and as it shall  determine in its sole discretion to be
equitable among all participants  exercising options to purchase Common Stock on
such  Exercise  Date,  or (y)  provide  that the  Company  shall make a pro rata
allocation  of the shares  available  for  purchase on such  Enrollment  Date or
Exercise Date, as applicable, in as uniform a manner as shall be practicable and
as it  shall  determine  in  its  sole  discretion  to be  equitable  among  all
participants  exercising options to purchase Common Stock on such Exercise Date.
The  Company  may  make pro  rata  allocation  of the  shares  available  on the
Enrollment  Date of any  applicable  Offering  Period  pursuant to the preceding
sentence,  notwithstanding  any  authorization of additional shares for issuance
under the Plan by the Company's shareholders subsequent to such Enrollment Date.

         9. Delivery. As promptly as reasonably  practicable after each Exercise
Date on which a  purchase  of shares  occurs,  the  Company  shall  arrange  the
delivery to each participant, as appropriate, the shares purchased upon exercise
of his or her option in determined by the Administrator.

         10. Withdrawal.

                  (a) A  participant  may withdraw all but not less than all the
payroll  deductions  credited to his or her account and not yet used to exercise
his or her  option  under the Plan at any time by giving  written  notice to the
Company in the form of Exhibit B to this Plan. All of the participant's  payroll
deductions  credited  to his or her  account  shall be paid to such  participant
promptly after receipt of notice of withdrawal and such participant's option for
the Offering Period shall be  automatically  terminated,  and no further payroll
deductions for the purchase of shares shall be made for such Offering Period. If
a participant  withdraws from an Offering Period,  payroll  deductions shall not
resume at the beginning of the succeeding Offering Period unless the participant
delivers to the Company a new subscription agreement.

                  (b) A  participant's  withdrawal from an Offering Period shall
not have any effect upon his or her  eligibility  to  participate in any similar
plan which may  hereafter  be adopted by the Company or in  succeeding  Offering
Periods which commence after the  termination of the Offering  Period from which
the participant withdraws.

         11.  Termination of Employment.  Upon a participant's  ceasing to be an
Eligible  Employee for any reason,  he or she shall be deemed to have elected to
withdraw from the Plan and the payroll deductions credited to such participant's
account during the Offering Period but not yet used to exercise the option shall
be  returned  to such  participant  or, in the case of his or her death,  to the
person  or  persons  entitled   thereto  under  Section  15  hereof,   and  such
participant's option shall be

                                      -6-
<PAGE>

automatically terminated. The preceding sentence notwithstanding,  a participant
who receives  payment in lieu of notice of  termination  of employment  shall be
treated as continuing to be an Employee for the  participant's  customary number
of hours per week of employment  during the period in which the  participant  is
subject to such payment in lieu of notice.

         12. Interest.  No interest shall accrue on the payroll  deductions of a
participant in the Plan.

         13. Stock.

                  (a) Subject to adjustment  upon changes in  capitalization  of
the Company as provided  in Section 19 hereof,  the maximum  number of shares of
the Company's Common Stock which shall be made available for sale under the Plan
shall be 750,000 shares.

                  (b)  Until  the  shares  are  issued  (as   evidenced  by  the
appropriate  entry on the books of the Company or of a duly authorized  transfer
agent of the Company),  a participant shall only have the rights of an unsecured
creditor with respect to such shares,  and no right to vote or receive dividends
or any other rights as a shareholder shall exist with respect to such shares.

                  (c) Shares to be  delivered  to a  participant  under the Plan
shall  be  registered  in the  name  of the  participant  or in the  name of the
participant and his or her spouse.

         14.  Administration.  The  Administrator  shall administer the Plan and
shall have full and exclusive discretionary authority to construe, interpret and
apply the terms of the Plan,  to determine  eligibility  and to  adjudicate  all
disputed claims filed under the Plan. Every finding,  decision and determination
made by the  Administrator  shall, to the full extent permitted by law, be final
and binding upon all parties.

         15. Designation of Beneficiary.

                  (a)  A  participant  may  file  a  written  designation  of  a
beneficiary   who  is  to  receive  any  shares  and  cash,  if  any,  from  the
participant's  account under the Plan in the event of such  participant's  death
subsequent  to an Exercise  Date on which the option is  exercised  but prior to
delivery to such participant of such shares and cash. In addition, a participant
may file a written  designation of a beneficiary who is to receive any cash from
the  participant's  account  under the Plan in the  event of such  participant's
death  prior to  exercise of the  option.  If a  participant  is married and the
designated  beneficiary is not the spouse, spousal consent shall be required for
such designation to be effective.

                  (b) Such  designation  of  beneficiary  may be  changed by the
participant  at any time by  written  notice.  In the  event  of the  death of a
participant  and in the absence of a beneficiary  validly  designated  under the
Plan who is living at the time of such  participant's  death,  the Company shall
deliver such shares and/or cash to the executor or  administrator  of the estate
of the participant,  or if no such executor or administrator  has been appointed
(to the knowledge of the Company),  the Company, in its discretion,  may deliver
such  shares  and/or  cash to the  spouse  or to any one or more  dependents  or
relatives of the participant, or if no spouse, dependent or relative is known to
the Company, then to such other person as the Company may designate.

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<PAGE>

                  (c) All  beneficiary  designations  shall be in such  form and
manner as the Administrator may designate from time to time.

         16.   Transferability.   Neither  payroll  deductions   credited  to  a
participant's account nor any rights with regard to the exercise of an option or
to  receive  shares  under the Plan may be  assigned,  transferred,  pledged  or
otherwise  disposed of in any way (other  than by will,  the laws of descent and
distribution or as provided in Section 15 hereof) by the  participant.  Any such
attempt at assignment,  transfer,  pledge or other  disposition shall be without
effect,  except  that the  Company may treat such act as an election to withdraw
funds from an Offering Period in accordance with Section 10 hereof.

         17.  Use of  Funds.  All  payroll  deductions  received  or held by the
Company under the Plan may be used by the Company for any corporate purpose, and
the Company shall not be obligated to segregate such payroll  deductions.  Until
shares are  issued,  participants  shall  only have the  rights of an  unsecured
creditor.

         18.  Reports.   Individual   accounts  shall  be  maintained  for  each
participant in the Plan.  Statements of account shall be given to  participating
Employees at least  annually,  which  statements  shall set forth the amounts of
payroll  deductions,  the Purchase Price, the number of shares purchased and the
remaining cash balance, if any.

         19.   Adjustments   Upon   Changes  in   Capitalization,   Dissolution,
Liquidation, Merger or Change of Control.

                  (a) Changes in Capitalization.  Subject to any required action
by the  shareholders  of the  Company,  the  maximum  number  of  shares  of the
Company's  Common Stock which shall be made  available  for sale under the Plan,
the maximum number of shares each  participant  may purchase per Offering Period
(pursuant to Section 7), as well as the price per share and the number of shares
of Common  Stock  covered by each  option  under the Plan which has not yet been
exercised shall be proportionately  adjusted for any increase or decrease in the
number of issued shares of Common Stock  resulting  from a stock split,  reverse
stock split,  stock  dividend,  combination  or  reclassification  of the Common
Stock,  or any other  change in the  number of shares of Common  Stock  effected
without  receipt  of  consideration  by the  Company;  provided,  however,  that
conversion of any  convertible  securities of the Company shall not be deemed to
have been "effected without receipt of consideration."  Such adjustment shall be
made by the Administrator,  whose  determination in that respect shall be final,
binding and conclusive.  Except as expressly provided herein, no issuance by the
Company of shares of stock of any class, or securities  convertible  into shares
of stock of any class,  shall affect,  and no adjustment by reason thereof shall
be made with respect to, the number or price of shares of Common  Stock  subject
to an option.

                  (b) Dissolution or  Liquidation.  In the event of the proposed
dissolution or liquidation of the Company,  the Offering Period then in progress
shall be shortened by setting a new Exercise Date (the "New Exercise Date"), and
shall  terminate   immediately  prior  to  the  consummation  of  such  proposed
dissolution or liquidation, unless provided otherwise by the Administrator.  The
New Exercise Date shall be before the date of the Company's proposed dissolution
or liquidation.  The Administrator  shall notify each participant in writing, at
least ten (10) business days prior to the New Exercise  Date,  that the Exercise
Date for the participant's  option has been changed to the New Exercise Date and
that the  participant's  option  shall  be  exercised

                                      -8-
<PAGE>

automatically  on  the  New  Exercise  Date,  unless  prior  to  such  date  the
participant  has  withdrawn  from the Offering  Period as provided in Section 10
hereof.

                  (c) Merger or Change of  Control.  In the event of a merger or
Change of Control,  each  outstanding  option shall be assumed or an  equivalent
option substituted by the successor corporation or a Parent or Subsidiary of the
successor  corporation.  In the event that the successor  corporation refuses to
assume or substitute for the option,  the Offering Period then in progress shall
be shortened by setting a new Exercise Date (the "New Exercise  Date").  The New
Exercise  Date  shall be before  the date of the  Company's  proposed  merger or
Change of Control.  The Administrator  shall notify each participant in writing,
at least  ten  (10)  business  days  prior to the New  Exercise  Date,  that the
Exercise Date for the participant's  option has been changed to the New Exercise
Date and that the participant's  option shall be exercised  automatically on the
New Exercise Date,  unless prior to such date the participant has withdrawn from
the Offering Period as provided in Section 10 hereof.

         20. Amendment or Termination.

                  (a) The  Administrator  may at any  time  and  for any  reason
terminate or amend the Plan.  Except as otherwise  provided in the Plan, no such
termination  can affect options  previously  granted,  provided that an Offering
Period  may be  terminated  by the  Administrator  on any  Exercise  Date if the
Administrator determines that the termination of the Offering Period or the Plan
is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. Except as provided
in Section 19 and this Section 20 hereof,  no  amendment  may make any change in
any  option  theretofore  granted  which  adversely  affects  the  rights of any
participant.  To the extent necessary to comply with Section 423 of the Code (or
any successor rule or provision or any other applicable law, regulation or stock
exchange rule), the Company shall obtain  shareholder  approval in such a manner
and to such a degree as required.

                  (b) Without  shareholder consent and without regard to whether
any participant rights may be considered to have been "adversely  affected," the
Administrator  shall be  entitled  to change  the  Offering  Periods,  limit the
frequency  and/or  number of changes in the amount  withheld  during an Offering
Period,  establish  the  exchange  ratio  applicable  to amounts  withheld  in a
currency other than U.S.  dollars,  permit payroll  withholding in excess of the
amount  designated by a participant in order to adjust for delays or mistakes in
the Company's processing of properly completed withholding elections,  establish
reasonable  waiting and  adjustment  periods  and/or  accounting  and  crediting
procedures  to ensure that amounts  applied  toward the purchase of Common Stock
for  each  participant  properly  correspond  with  amounts  withheld  from  the
participant's  Compensation,  and establish such other limitations or procedures
as the  Administrator  determines  in its sole  discretion  advisable  which are
consistent with the Plan.

                  (c) In the event the Administrator determines that the ongoing
operation  of  the  Plan  may  result  in   unfavorable   financial   accounting
consequences,  the  Administrator  may,  in its  discretion  and,  to the extent
necessary or  desirable,  modify or amend the Plan to reduce or  eliminate  such
accounting consequence including, but not limited to:

                           (i)  increasing  the Purchase  Price for any Offering
Period  including  an  Offering  Period  underway  at the time of the  change in
Purchase Price;

                                      -9-
<PAGE>

                           (ii)  shortening any Offering Period so that Offering
Period ends on a new Exercise Date, including an Offering Period underway at the
time of the Board action; and

                           (iii) allocating shares.

         Such modifications or amendments shall not require shareholder approval
or the consent of any Plan participants.

         21. Notices.  All notices or other  communications  by a participant to
the Company  under or in  connection  with the Plan shall be deemed to have been
duly given when received in the form and manner  specified by the Company at the
location, or by the person, designated by the Company for the receipt thereof.

         22. Conditions Upon Issuance of Shares. Shares shall not be issued with
respect to an option  unless the  exercise of such option and the  issuance  and
delivery of such  shares  pursuant  thereto  shall  comply  with all  applicable
provisions  of law,  domestic or foreign,  including,  without  limitation,  the
Securities  Act of 1933,  as amended,  the  Securities  Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder,  and the requirements
of any stock  exchange  upon which the  shares may then be listed,  and shall be
further  subject to the approval of counsel for the Company with respect to such
compliance.

         As a condition  to the  exercise of an option,  the Company may require
the person  exercising  such option to represent  and warrant at the time of any
such  exercise  that the  shares are being  purchased  only for  investment  and
without  any  present  intention  to sell or  distribute  such shares if, in the
opinion of counsel for the Company,  such a representation is required by any of
the aforementioned applicable provisions of law.

         23. Term of Plan.  The Plan shall become  effective upon the earlier to
occur  of its  adoption  by the  Board  of  Directors  or  its  approval  by the
shareholders of the Company.  It shall continue in effect until terminated under
Section 20 hereof.

                                      -10-
<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT A

                            NANOMETRICS INCORPORATED

                        2003 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN

                             SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT

          Original Application                    Enrollment Date:
---------                                                          -------------

          Change in Payroll Deduction Rate
---------

          Change of Beneficiary(ies)
---------

1.   _____________________________________  hereby elects to  participate in the
     Nanometrics  Incorporated  2003 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Employee
     Stock Purchase  Plan") and  subscribes to purchase  shares of the Company's
     Common  Stock  in  accordance  with  this  Subscription  Agreement  and the
     Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

2.   I hereby authorize  payroll  deductions from each paycheck in the amount of
     ____% of my Compensation on each payday (from 1 to 10%) during the Offering
     Period in accordance  with the Employee Stock  Purchase Plan.  (Please note
     that no fractional percentages are permitted.)

3.   I understand  that said payroll  deductions  shall be  accumulated  for the
     purchase  of  shares  of  Common  Stock at the  applicable  Purchase  Price
     determined  in  accordance   with  the  Employee  Stock  Purchase  Plan.  I
     understand  that  if I  do  not  withdraw  from  an  Offering  Period,  any
     accumulated  payroll  deductions will be used to automatically  exercise my
     option.

4.   I have  received a copy of the complete  Employee  Stock  Purchase  Plan. I
     understand that my  participation in the Employee Stock Purchase Plan is in
     all respects subject to the terms of the Plan. I understand that my ability
     to exercise  the option  under this  Subscription  Agreement  is subject to
     shareholder approval of the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

5.   Shares  purchased for me under the Employee  Stock  Purchase Plan should be
     issued in the name(s) of (Eligible Employee or Eligible Employee and Spouse
     only): ______________________________.

6.   I understand that if I dispose of any shares received by me pursuant to the
     Plan  within 2 years  after  the  Enrollment  Date  (the  first  day of the
     Offering Period during which I purchased such shares) or one year after the
     Exercise  Date, I will be treated for federal income tax purposes as having
     received ordinary income at the time of such disposition in an amount equal
     to the  excess  of the fair  market  value of the  shares  at the time such
     shares were  purchased by me over the price which I paid for the shares.  I
     hereby agree to notify the Company in writing within 30 days after the date
     of any  disposition  of  shares  and I will  make  adequate  provision  for
     Federal,  state or other tax withholding  obligations,  if any, which arise
     upon the disposition of the Common Stock.  The Company may, but will not be
     obligated to,  withhold from my compensation  the amount  necessary to meet
     any applicable  withholding  obligation including any withholding necessary
     to  make   available  to  the  Company  any  tax   deductions  or  benefits
     attributable  to sale or early

<PAGE>

     disposition  of Common Stock by me. If I dispose of such shares at any time
     after the expiration of the 2-year and 1-year holding periods, I understand
     that I will be treated for federal  income tax purposes as having  received
     income only at the time of such  disposition,  and that such income will be
     taxed as  ordinary  income  only to the  extent of an  amount  equal to the
     lesser of (1) the excess of the fair market value of the shares at the time
     of such disposition over the purchase price which I paid for the shares, or
     (2) 15% of the fair  market  value of the  shares  on the  first day of the
     Offering  Period.  The  remainder of the gain,  if any,  recognized on such
     disposition will be taxed as capital gain.

7.   I hereby  agree to be bound by the  terms of the  Employee  Stock  Purchase
     Plan. The effectiveness of this Subscription Agreement is dependent upon my
     eligibility to participate in the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

8.   In  the  event  of  my  death,  I  hereby  designate  the  following  as my
     beneficiary(ies)  to  receive  all  payments  and  shares  due me under the
     Employee Stock Purchase Plan:

         NAME: (Please print)
                                 -----------------------------------------------
                                 (First)            (Middle)      (Last)

         ----------------------  -----------------------------------------------
         Relationship
                                 -----------------------------------------------
                                    (Address)

         Employee's Social
         Security Number:
                                 -----------------------------------------------

         Employee's Address:
                                 -----------------------------------------------

                                 -----------------------------------------------

                                      -2-
<PAGE>

I UNDERSTAND THAT THIS SUBSCRIPTION  AGREEMENT SHALL REMAIN IN EFFECT THROUGHOUT
SUCCESSIVE OFFERING PERIODS UNLESS TERMINATED BY ME.

Dated:
      ------------------

                           -----------------------------------------------------
                           Signature of Employee

                           -----------------------------------------------------
                           Spouse's Signature (If beneficiary other than spouse)

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT B

                            NANOMETRICS INCORPORATED

                        2003 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN

                              NOTICE OF WITHDRAWAL

         The  undersigned  participant in the Offering Period of the Nanometrics
Incorporated  2003  Employee  Stock  Purchase  Plan which began on  ___________,
______ (the "Enrollment Date") hereby notifies the Company that he or she hereby
withdraws from the Offering Period.  He or she hereby directs the Company to pay
to the  undersigned  as  promptly  as  practicable  all the  payroll  deductions
credited  to his or her  account  with  respect  to such  Offering  Period.  The
undersigned  understands  and agrees  that his or her  option for such  Offering
Period will be automatically  terminated.  The undersigned  understands  further
that no further  payroll  deductions  will be made for the purchase of shares in
the current Offering Period and the undersigned shall be eligible to participate
in  succeeding  Offering  Periods  only  by  delivering  to  the  Company  a new
Subscription Agreement.

                                 Name and Address of Participant:

                                 -----------------------------------------------

                                 -----------------------------------------------

                                 -----------------------------------------------

                                 Signature:

                                 -----------------------------------------------

                                 Date:
                                       -----------------------------------------<PAGE>

                                                                    EXHIBIT 4.01

================================================================================

                      Fisher Scientific International Inc.

                                       TO

                                  [           ]
                                     Trustee

                                SENIOR INDENTURE

                          Dated as of ___________, 2003

                               -------------------

================================================================================

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                         Page
                                                                                                         ----
<S>                                                                                                      <C>
ARTICLE ONE                    DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION..................   1

   SECTION 101.              Definitions................................................................   1
     Act................................................................................................   2
     Affiliate..........................................................................................   2
     Authenticating Agent...............................................................................   2
     Board of Directors.................................................................................   2
     Board Resolution...................................................................................   2
     Business Day.......................................................................................   2
     Commission.........................................................................................   2
     Company............................................................................................   2
     Company Request and Company Order..................................................................   2
     Corporate Trust Office.............................................................................   3
     corporation........................................................................................   3
     Covenant Defeasance................................................................................   3
     Defaulted Interest.................................................................................   3
     Defeasance.........................................................................................   3
     Depositary.........................................................................................   3
     Dollar.............................................................................................   3
     Event of Default...................................................................................   3
     Exchange Act.......................................................................................   3
     Expiration Date....................................................................................   3
     Foreign Currency...................................................................................   3
     Global Security....................................................................................   3
     Governmental Authority.............................................................................   3
     Government Obligations.............................................................................   3
     Holder.............................................................................................   4
     Indebtedness.......................................................................................   4
     Indenture..........................................................................................   4
     Interest Payment Date..............................................................................   4
     Interest Rate......................................................................................   4
     Investment Company Act.............................................................................   5
     Lien...............................................................................................   5
     Maturity...........................................................................................   5
     Notice of Default..................................................................................   5
     Officers' Certificate..............................................................................   5
     Opinion of Counsel.................................................................................   5
     Original Issue Date................................................................................   5
     Original Issue Discount Security...................................................................   5
     Outstanding........................................................................................   5
</TABLE>

                                        i

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                                       <C>
     Paying Agent.......................................................................................   6
     Person.............................................................................................   6
     Place of Payment...................................................................................   6
     Predecessor Security...............................................................................   6
     Redemption Date....................................................................................   7
     Redemption Price...................................................................................   7
     Regular Record Date................................................................................   7
     Responsible Officer................................................................................   7
     Restricted Subsidiary..............................................................................   7
     Securities or Security.............................................................................   7
     Securities Act.....................................................................................   7
     Security Register and Security Registrar...........................................................   7
     Special Record Date................................................................................   7
     Stated Maturity....................................................................................   7
     Subsidiary.........................................................................................   7
     Trust Indenture Act................................................................................   8
     Trustee............................................................................................   8
     Vice President.....................................................................................   8
   SECTION 102.              Compliance Certificates and Opinions.......................................   8
   SECTION 103.              Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.....................................   9
   SECTION 104.              Acts of Holders; Record Dates..............................................   9
   SECTION 105.              Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company......................................  11
   SECTION 106.              Notice to Holders; Waiver..................................................  12
   SECTION 107.              Conflict with Trust Indenture Act..........................................  12
   SECTION 108.              Effect of Headings and Table of Contents...................................  12
   SECTION 109.              Successors and Assigns.....................................................  13
   SECTION 110.              Separability Clause........................................................  13
   Section 111.              Benefits of Indenture......................................................  13
   SECTION 112.              Governing Law..............................................................  13
   SECTION 113.              Legal Holidays.............................................................  13
   SECTION 114.              Computations...............................................................  13

ARTICLE TWO                    SECURITY FORMS...........................................................  14

   SECTION 201.              Forms Generally............................................................  14
   SECTION 202.              Form of Legend for Global Securities.......................................  14
   SECTION 203.              Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication............................  15

ARTICLE THREE                  THE SECURITIES...........................................................  15

   SECTION 301.              Title; Terms...............................................................  15
   SECTION 302.              Denominations..............................................................  18
   SECTION 303.              Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.............................  18
   SECTION 304.              Temporary Securities.......................................................  19
   SECTION 305.              Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange........................  19
   SECTION 306.              Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities...........................  21
   SECTION 307.              Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.............................  22
</TABLE>

                                       ii

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                                       <C>
   SECTION 308.              Persons Deemed Owners......................................................  24
   SECTION 309.              Cancellation...............................................................  24
   SECTION 310.              Computation of Interest....................................................  24

ARTICLE FOUR                   SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE...............................................  24

   SECTION 401.              Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture....................................  24
   SECTION 402.              Application of Trust Money.................................................  26

ARTICLE FIVE                   REMEDIES.................................................................  26

   SECTION 501.              Events of Default..........................................................  26
   SECTION 502.              Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.........................  27
   SECTION 503.              Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee............  28
   SECTION 504.              Trustee May File Proofs of Claim...........................................  29
   SECTION 505.              Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities................  30
   SECTION 506.              Application of Money Collected.............................................  30
   SECTION 507.              Limitation on Suits........................................................  30
   SECTION 508.              Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest..  31
   SECTION 509.              Restoration of Rights and Remedies.........................................  31
   SECTION 510.              Rights and Remedies Cumulative.............................................  31
   SECTION 511.              Delay or Omission Not Waiver...............................................  32
   SECTION 512.              Control by Holders.........................................................  32
   SECTION 513.              Waiver of Past Defaults....................................................  32
   SECTION 514.              Undertaking for Costs......................................................  32
   SECTION 515.              Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws....................................  33

ARTICLE SIX                    THE TRUSTEE..............................................................  33

   Section 601.              Certain Duties and Responsibilities........................................  33
   Section 602.              Notice of Defaults.........................................................  33
   Section 603.              Certain Rights of Trustee..................................................  34
   Section 604.              Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.....................  36
   Section 605.              May Hold Securities........................................................  36
   Section 606.              Money Held in Trust........................................................  36
   Section 607.              Compensation and Reimbursement.............................................  36
   Section 608.              Disqualification; Conflicting Interests....................................  37
   Section 609.              Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility....................................  37
   Section 610.              Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor..........................  37
   Section 611.              Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.....................................  39
   Section 612.              Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business................  40
   Section 613.              Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company..........................  40
   Section 614.              Appointment of Authenticating Agent........................................  40
</TABLE>

                                       iii

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                                       <C>
ARTICLE SEVEN                  HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY........................  42

   SECTION 701.              Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders..................  42
   SECTION 702.              Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.....................  42
   SECTION 703.              Reports by Trustee.........................................................  43
   SECTION 704.              Reports by Company.........................................................  43

ARTICLE EIGHT                  CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE.....................  44

   SECTION 801.              Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.......................  44
   SECTION 802.              Successor Corporation Substituted..........................................  45

ARTICLE NINE                   SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES..................................................  45

   SECTION 901.              Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.........................  45
   SECTION 902.              Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders............................  46
   SECTION 903.              Execution of Supplemental Indentures.......................................  47
   SECTION 904.              Effect of Supplemental Indentures..........................................  47
   SECTION 905.              Conformity with Trust Indenture Act........................................  47
   SECTION 906.              Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.........................  48

ARTICLE TEN                    COVENANTS................................................................  48

   SECTION 1001.             Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.................................  48
   SECTION 1002.             Maintenance of Office or Agency............................................  48
   SECTION 1003.             Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust..........................  49
   SECTION 1004.             Statement by Officers as to Default........................................  50
   SECTION 1005.             Existence..................................................................  50
   SECTION 1006.             Maintenance of Properties..................................................  50
   SECTION 1007.             Payment of Taxes...........................................................  51
   SECTION 1008.             [Intentionally Omitted]....................................................  51
   SECTION 1009.             Waiver of Certain Covenants................................................  51

ARTICLE ELEVEN                 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES.................................................  51

   SECTION 1101.             Company's Right of Redemption..............................................  51
   SECTION 1102.             Applicability of Article...................................................  52
   SECTION 1103.             Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee......................................  52
   SECTION 1104.             Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed..........................  52
   SECTION 1105.             Notice of Redemption.......................................................  53
   SECTION 1106.             Deposit of Redemption Price................................................  54
   SECTION 1107.             Securities Payable on Redemption Date......................................  54
   SECTION 1108.             Securities Redeemed in Part................................................  54
</TABLE>

                                       iv

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                                       <C>
ARTICLE TWELVE                 DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE.......................................  55

   SECTION 1201.             Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance...............  55
   SECTION 1202.             Defeasance and Discharge...................................................  55
   SECTION 1203.             Covenant Defeasance........................................................  55
   SECTION 1204.             Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance............................  56
   SECTION 1205.             Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be
                                Held in Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions.................................  57
   SECTION 1206.             Reinstatement..............................................................  58
   SECTION 1207.             Qualifying Trustee.........................................................  58
</TABLE>

                                        v

<PAGE>

                   CERTAIN SECTIONS OF THIS INDENTURE RELATING
                          TO SECTIONS 310 THROUGH 318,
                  INCLUSIVE OF THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939:

<TABLE>
TRUST INDENTURE ACT SECTION                                                                INDENTURE SECTION
<S>                                                                                        <C>
SECTION 310(a)(1).......................................................................            609, 610
(a)(2)..................................................................................                 609
(a)(3)..................................................................................      NOT APPLICABLE
(a)(4)..................................................................................      NOT APPLICABLE
(a)(5)..................................................................................                 609
(b).....................................................................................            608, 610
SECTION 311(a)..........................................................................                 613
(b).....................................................................................                 613
SECTION 312(a)..........................................................................            701, 702
(b).....................................................................................                 702
(c).....................................................................................                 702
SECTION 313(a)..........................................................................                 703
(b).....................................................................................                 703
(c).....................................................................................                 703
(d).....................................................................................                 703
SECTION 314(a)..........................................................................                 704
(a)(4)..................................................................................           101, 1004
(b).....................................................................................      NOT APPLICABLE
(c)(1)..................................................................................                 102
(c)(2)..................................................................................                 102
(c)(3)..................................................................................      NOT APPLICABLE
(d).....................................................................................      NOT APPLICABLE
(e).....................................................................................                 102
SECTION 315(a)..........................................................................                 601
(b).....................................................................................                 602
(c).....................................................................................                 601
(d).....................................................................................                 601
(e).....................................................................................                 514
SECTION 316(a)..........................................................................                 101
(a)(1)(a)...............................................................................            502, 512
(a)(1)(b)...............................................................................                 513
(a)(2)..................................................................................      NOT APPLICABLE
(b).....................................................................................                 508
(c).....................................................................................                 104
SECTION 317(a)(1).......................................................................                 503
(a)(2)..................................................................................                 504
(b).....................................................................................                1003
SECTION 318(a)..........................................................................                 107
</TABLE>

NOTE: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a
part of the Indenture.

                                       vi

<PAGE>

         SENIOR INDENTURE, dated as of _____________, 2003, between Fisher
Scientific International Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under
the laws of the State of Delaware (herein called the "Company"), having its
principal office at One Liberty Lane, Hampton, New Hampshire 03842, and
[        ], as Trustee (herein called the "Trustee").

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

         The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured senior
debt securities in one or more series (the "Securities") of substantially the
tenor hereinafter provided, and to provide the terms and conditions upon which
the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered; and

         all things necessary to make the Securities, when executed by the
Company and authenticated and delivered hereunder and duly issued by the
Company, the valid obligations of the Company, and to make this Indenture a
valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

         NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

         For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually agreed, for the equal and
proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of a series thereof,
as follows:

                                   ARTICLE ONE

                        DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS
                             OF GENERAL APPLICATION

SECTION 101. Definitions.

         For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly
provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

         (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to
them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

         (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust
Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings
assigned to them therein;

         (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings
assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles,
and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the term "generally accepted
accounting principles" with respect to any computation required or permitted
hereunder shall mean such accounting principles as are generally accepted at the
time of such computation; provided, that when two or more principles are so
generally accepted, it shall mean that set of principles consistent with those
in use by the Company;

<PAGE>

         (4) unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an
"Article" or a "Section" refers to an Article or a Section, as the case may be,
of this Indenture; and

         (5) the words "herein", "hereinafter", "hereof" and "hereunder" and
other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any
particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

         "Act" when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified
in Section 104.

         "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise;
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the
foregoing.

         "Authenticating Agent" means any Person authorized by the Trustee
pursuant to Section 614 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities.

         "Board of Directors" means either the board of directors of the Company
or any duly authorized committee of that board.

         "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by
the Board of Directors, and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

         "Business Day" means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and
Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York,
Hampton, New Hampshire, the Corporate Trust Office or any Place of Payment are
authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

         "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time
to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after
the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing
the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body
performing such duties at such time.

         "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor Person.

         "Company Request" and "Company Order" mean, respectively, a written
request or order signed in the name of the Company by (i) its Chairman of the
Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, President or any Vice President,
and (ii) its Treasurer, any Associate Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, its
Controller, its Secretary or any

                                        2

<PAGE>

Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee or, with respect to Sections
303, 304, 305 and 603, any other employee of the Company named in an Officers'
Certificate delivered to the Trustee.

         "Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Trustee at which at
any particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally
administered, which office at the date hereof is located at 4 New York Plaza,
New York, New York 10004.

         "corporation" means a corporation, association, company, joint-stock
company or business trust.

         "Covenant Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1203.

         "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

         "Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1202.

         "Depositary" means the clearing agency registered under the Exchange
Act that is designated by the Company in Section 301 to act as depositary for
any series of Securities with respect to such series (or any successor to such
clearing agency).

         "Dollar" means the currency of the United States of America as at the
time of payment is legal tender for the payment of public and private debts.

         "Event of Default," unless otherwise specified with respect to
Securities of a series pursuant to Section 301, has the meaning specified in
Section 501.

         "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any
statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

         "Expiration Date" has the meaning specified in Section 104.

         "Foreign Currency" means any currency issued by the government of one
or more countries other than the United States of America or by any recognized
confederation or association of such governments.

         "Global Security" means a Security that evidences all or part of a
series of Securities issued to the Depositary or its nominee for such series,
and registered in the name of such Depositary or its nominee and bearing the
legend set forth in Section 202.

         "Governmental Authority" means any Federal, state, local or foreign
court or governmental agency, authority, instrumentality or regulatory body.

         "Government Obligations" means, with respect to the Securities of any
series, securities which are (i) direct obligations of the United States of
America or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting
as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of
which is unconditionally guaranteed by the United States of America and which,
in either case, are full faith and

                                        3

<PAGE>

credit obligations of the United States of America and are not callable or
redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof and shall also include a
depository receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the
Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any such Government Obligation held
by such custodian for the account of the holder of such depository receipt;
provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to
make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository
receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government
Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of the Government
Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

         "Holder" means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the
Security Register.

         "Indebtedness" of any person means the principal of and premium, if
any, and interest due on indebtedness of such Person, whether outstanding on the
date of this Indenture or thereafter created, incurred or assumed, whether
recourse is to all or a portion of the assets of such Person and whether or not
contingent which is (a) indebtedness for money borrowed, and (b) any amendments,
renewals, extensions, modifications and refundings of any such indebtedness. For
the purposes of this definition, "indebtedness for money borrowed" means (i) any
obligation of, or any obligation guaranteed by, such Person for the repayment of
borrowed money, whether or not evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other
written instruments, (ii) any obligation of, or any such obligation guaranteed
by, such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar written
instruments, including obligations assumed or incurred in connection with the
acquisition of property, assets or businesses (provided, however, that the
deferred purchase price of any property, assets or business shall not be
considered Indebtedness if the purchase price thereof is payable in full within
90 days from the date on which such indebtedness was created), and (iii) any
obligations of such Person as lessee under leases required to be capitalized on
the balance sheet of the lessee under generally accepted accounting principles
and leases of property or assets made as part of any sale and lease-back
transaction to which such Person is a party. Indebtedness does not include trade
accounts payable or accrued liability arising in the ordinary course of
business.

         "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed or as it may
from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof,
and shall include the terms of each particular series of Securities established
as contemplated by Section 301, including, for all purposes of this instrument
and any such supplemental indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act
that are deemed to be a part of and govern this instrument and any such
supplemental indenture, respectively.

         "Interest Payment Date" means as to each series of Securities the
Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Securities.

         "Interest Rate" means the rate of interest specified or determined as
specified in each Security as being the rate of interest payable on such
Security.

                                        4

<PAGE>

         "Investment Company Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940 and
any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

         "Lien" means any mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest or other
encumbrance.

         "Maturity" when used with respect to any Security, means the date on
which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due
and payable as provided in the Securities or herein provided, whether at the
Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or
otherwise.

         "Notice of Default" means a written notice of the kind specified in
Section 501(3).

         "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by (i) the Chairman
of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, President or any Vice
President, and (ii) the Treasurer, any Associate Treasurer, any Assistant
Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, of the
Company, and delivered to the Trustee. One of the officers signing an Officers'
Certificate given pursuant to Section 1004 shall be the principal executive,
financial or accounting officer of the Company.

         "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who may be
counsel for (and an employee of) the Company, and who shall be reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee.

         "Original Issue Date" means the date of issuance specified as such in
each Security.

         "Original Issue Discount Security" means any security which provides
for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon
a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502.

         "Outstanding" when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the
date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture, except:

         (1) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation;

         (2) Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the necessary
amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent
(other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the
Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of
such Securities; provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of
such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision
therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; and

         (3) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 306 or in
exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and
delivered pursuant to this

                                        5

<PAGE>

Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have
been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are
held by Holders in whose hands such Securities are valid, binding and legal
obligations of the Company;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given, made or taken any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action hereunder as of any date, (A) the principal amount of an Original Issue
Discount Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount of
the principal thereof which would be due and payable as of such date upon
acceleration of the Maturity thereof to such date pursuant to Section 502, (B)
if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of a
Security is not determinable, the principal amount of such Security which shall
be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount as specified or determined as
contemplated by Section 301, and (C) Securities beneficially owned by the
Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company
or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding,
except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying
upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee
knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have
been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee
establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act
with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any
other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such
other obligor.

         "Paying Agent" means the Trustee or any other Person authorized by the
Company to pay the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on
behalf of the Company.

         "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture,
association, limited liability or joint stock company, trust, unincorporated
organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

         "Place of Payment" means, with respect to the Securities of any series,
the place or places where the principal of and any premium and interest on the
Securities of such series are payable as specified as contemplated by Section
301.

         "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security
authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in lieu of a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the
same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

                                        6

<PAGE>

         "Redemption Date" when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this
Indenture.

         "Redemption Price" when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this
Indenture.

         "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment
Date on the Securities of a series means, unless otherwise provided pursuant to
Section 301 with respect to Securities of a series, the date which is fifteen
days next preceding such Interest Payment Date (whether or not a Business Day).

         "Responsible Officer," when used with respect to the Trustee, means any
officer of the Trustee located at the Corporate Trust Office and assigned by the
Trustee from time to time to administer its corporate trust matters.

         "Restricted Subsidiary" means a Subsidiary which is incorporated in any
State of the United States or in the District of Columbia, provided that no such
Subsidiary shall be a Restricted Subsidiary if (i) the total assets of such
Subsidiary are less than 10% of the total assets of the Company and its
consolidated Subsidiaries (including such Subsidiary), in each case as set forth
on the most recent fiscal year-end balance sheets of such Subsidiary and the
Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries, respectively, and computed in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or (ii) in the
judgment of the Board of Directors, as evidenced by a Board Resolution, such
Subsidiary is not material to the financial condition of the Company and its
consolidated Subsidiaries taken as a whole.

         "Securities" or "Security" means any debt securities or debt security,
as the case may be, authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

         "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933 and any statute
successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

         "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the respective
meanings specified in Section 305.

         "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a
date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

         "Stated Maturity" when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified
in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable, in the case of
such principal or installment of principal, as such date may be extended or
shortened as provided pursuant to the terms of such Security.

         "Subsidiary" means a corporation, partnership or other entity of which,
at the time of determination, more than 50% of the outstanding voting stock or
equivalent interest is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or by one
or more other Subsidiaries, or by

                                        7

<PAGE>

the Company and one or more other Subsidiaries. For the purposes of this
definition, "voting stock" means stock which ordinarily has voting power for the
election of directors, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class
of stock has such voting power by reason of any contingency.

         "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force
at the date as of which this instrument was executed; provided, however, that in
the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, "Trust
Indenture Act" means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

         "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder,
and, if at any time there is more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with
respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to
the Securities of that series.

         "Vice President" when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee,
means any officer with a title of "Vice President", "Senior Vice President" or
"Executive Vice President".

SECTION 102. Compliance Certificates and Opinions.

         Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take
any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to
the Trustee such certificates and opinions as may be required under the Trust
Indenture Act. Each such certificate or opinion shall be given in the form of an
Officers' Certificate, if to be given by an officer of the Company, or an
Opinion of Counsel, if to be given by counsel, and shall comply with the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act and any other requirements set forth in
this Indenture. In the case of an application or request as to which the
furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this
Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional
certificate or opinion need be furnished.

         Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than the
certificates provided pursuant to Section 1004) shall include:

         (1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or
opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating
thereto;

         (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or
investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
certificate or opinion are based;

                                        8

<PAGE>

         (3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has
made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express
an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been
complied with; and

         (4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual,
such condition or covenant has been complied with.

SECTION 103. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.

         In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or
covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all
such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one
such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one
or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify
or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

         Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are
erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as
it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, an officer or officers, or other management employee of the
Company or any Subsidiary stating that the information with respect to such
factual matters is in the possession of the Company or such Subsidiary, unless
such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the
certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are
erroneous.

         Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.

SECTION 104. Acts of Holders; Record Dates.

         (a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made
or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments
of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent
duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided,
such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are
delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the
Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and
evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the Holders
signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such
instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any
purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 601) conclusive and may be
relied upon by the Trustee, the Company, and any agent of the Trustee or the
Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section.

                                        9

<PAGE>

         (b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such
instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such
execution or by a certificate of any notary public or other officer authorized
by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing
such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such
execution is by a Person acting in a capacity other than his individual
capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof
of his authority.

         (c) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such
instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may
also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient and in
accordance with such reasonable rules as the Trustee may determine.

         (d) The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security
Register.

         (e) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other action by the Holder of any Security shall bind every future
Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the
registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in
respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the
Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon
such Security.

         (f) The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, set any day as a
record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities
entitled to give, make or take any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture
to be given, made or taken by Holders of Securities, provided that the Company
may not set a record date for, and the provisions of this paragraph shall not
apply with respect to, the giving or making of any notice, declaration, request
or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any record date is set
pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities on such record
date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to take the relevant action,
whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided that
no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the
applicable Expiration Date (as defined below) by Holders of the requisite
principal amount of Outstanding Securities on such record date. Nothing in this
paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Company from setting a new record
date for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to
this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and
with no action by any Person be cancelled and of no effect), and nothing in this
paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders
of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on the date such
action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this
paragraph, the Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record
date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be
given to the Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities in the manner
set forth in Section 106.

         The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of
determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities entitled to join in the giving
or making of (i) any

                                       10

<PAGE>

Notice of Default, (ii) any declaration of acceleration referred to in Section
502, (iii) any request to institute proceedings referred to in Section 507(2) or
(iv) any direction referred to in Section 512. If any record date is set
pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities on such record
date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to join in such notice,
declaration, request or direction, whether or not such Holders remain Holders
after such record date; provided that no such action shall be effective
hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date by Holders
of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on such record date.
Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Trustee from setting
a new record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set
pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall
automatically and with no action by any Person be cancelled and of no effect),
and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any
action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding
Securities on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is
set pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee, at the Company's expense, shall
cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the
applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Company in writing and to each
Holder of Securities in the manner set forth in Section 106.

         With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party
hereto which sets such record dates may designate any day as the "Expiration
Date" and from time to time may change the Expiration Date to any earlier or
later day; provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the
proposed new Expiration Date is given to the other party hereto in writing, and
to each Holder of Securities in the manner set forth in Section 106, on or prior
to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration Date is not designated with
respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party hereto which
set such record date shall be deemed to have initially designated the 180th day
after such record date as the Expiration Date with respect thereto, subject to
its right to change the Expiration Date as provided in this paragraph.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Expiration Date shall be later than the 180th
day after the applicable record date.

         Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to take any
action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with regard to
all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly
appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with
regard to all or any part of such principal amount.

SECTION 105. Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company.

         Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to
be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with:

         (1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for
every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed to or with the
Trustee in writing at its Corporate Trust Office, Attention: [        ], or

                                       11

<PAGE>

         (2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for
every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in
writing and mailed, first-class, postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to it
at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this
instrument or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the
Trustee by the Company, Attention: [General Counsel].

         Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be deemed to have received
any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
Act of Holders unless given, furnished or filed as provided in this Section 105.

SECTION 106. Notice to Holders; Waiver.

         Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such
notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided)
if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected
by such event, at the address of such Holder as it appears in the Security
Register, not later than the latest date (if any), and not earlier than the
earliest date (if any), prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case
where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such
notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall
affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders. Where this
Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in
writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after
the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of
notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be
a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such
waiver.

         In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by
reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail,
then such notification as shall be made with the written approval of the Trustee
shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

SECTION 107. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.

         If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision
of the Trust Indenture Act which is required under such Act to be a part of and
govern this Indenture, the latter provision shall control. If any provision of
this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust Indenture Act
which may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to
apply to this Indenture as so modified or to be excluded, as the case may be.

SECTION 108. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.

         The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are
for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

                                       12

<PAGE>

SECTION 109. Successors and Assigns.

         All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall
bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

SECTION 110. Separability Clause.

         In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

SECTION 111. Benefits of Indenture.

         Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied,
shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto, any Paying Agent and
their successors and assigns, and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or
equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

SECTION 112. Governing Law.

         This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

SECTION 113. Legal Holidays.

         In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Maturity
or Stated Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day, then
(notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities
(other than a provision of any Security which specifically states that such
provision shall apply in lieu of this Section)) payment of interest or principal
(and premium, if any) need not be made on such date, but may be made on the next
succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the
Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, or at the Maturity or Stated Maturity
and no interest shall accrue for the period from and after such Interest Payment
Date, Redemption Date, Maturity or Stated Maturity, as the case may be, if such
payment is made or duly provided for on the next succeeding Business Day, except
that, if such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar year, such payment
shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day.

SECTION 114. Computations.

         Unless otherwise specifically provided, the certificate or opinion of
any independent firm of public accountants of recognized standing selected by
the Board of Directors shall be conclusive evidence of the correctness of any
computation made under the provisions of this Indenture. The Company shall
furnish to the Trustee upon its request a copy of any such certificate or
opinion.

                                       13

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE TWO

                                 SECURITY FORMS

SECTION 201. Forms Generally.

         The Securities of each series shall be substantially in the form
attached as Exhibit A, or in such other form or forms as shall be established by
or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental
hereto, in each case with such appropriate provisions as are required or
permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks
of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be
required to comply with applicable tax laws or the rules of any securities
exchange or Depositary therefor or as may, consistently herewith, be determined
by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution
thereof. If the form of Securities of any series is established by action taken
pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action
shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order
contemplated by Section 303 with respect to the authentication and delivery of
such Securities.

         The Trustee's certificate of authentication shall be substantially in
the form set forth in this Article.

         The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on
a steel engraved border or on steel engraved borders or produced by any
combination of these methods, if required by any securities exchange on which
the Securities may be listed, or may be produced in any other manner permitted
by the rules of any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed,
all as determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by
their execution of such Securities.

         The Securities of each series will initially be issued in the form of
one or more Global Securities. Each such Global Security shall represent such of
the Outstanding Securities of such series as shall be specified therein and each
shall provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of Outstanding
Securities of such series from time to time endorsed thereon and that the
aggregate amounts of Outstanding Securities of such series represented thereby
may from time to time be reduced or increased, as appropriate. The Global
Security or Securities evidencing the Securities of a series (and all Securities
issued in exchange therefore) shall bear the legend indicated in Section 202.

SECTION 202. Form of Legend for Global Securities.

         Every Global Security authenticated and delivered hereunder shall, in
addition to the provisions contained in Exhibit A, bear a legend in
substantially the following form:

         UNLESS THIS SECURITY IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF
THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION ("DTC"), TO THE COMPANY OR
ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY

                                       14

<PAGE>

SECURITY ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS
REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO
CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED
REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR
OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER
HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.

         THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE
HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF DTC OR A NOMINEE
THEREOF. THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR A SECURITY
REGISTERED, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY IN WHOLE OR IN PART MAY BE
REGISTERED, IN THE NAME OF ANY PERSON OTHER THAN DTC OR SUCH NOMINEE, EXCEPT IN
THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE.

SECTION 203. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication.

         The Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be in substantially
the following form:

                          Certificate of Authentication

         This is one of the Securities referred to in the within-mentioned
Indenture.

Dated:
                                                        [______________________]
                                                        as Trustee

                                                        By:_____________________
                                                           Authorized Officer

                                  ARTICLE THREE

                                 THE SECURITIES

SECTION 301. Title; Terms.

         The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

         The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be
established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers'
Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior
to the issuance of Securities of a series:

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         (a) the title of the securities of such series, which shall distinguish
the Securities of the series from all other Securities;

         (b) the limit, if any, upon the aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of such series which may be authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration
or transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the same
series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906 or 1108 and except for any
Securities which, pursuant to Section 303, are deemed never to have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder); provided, however, that the authorized
aggregate principal amount of such series may be increased above such amount by
a Board Resolution to such effect;

         (c) the Stated Maturity or Maturities on which the principal of the
Securities of such series is payable or the method of determination thereof;

         (d) the rate or rates, if any, at which the Securities of such series
shall bear interest or the method of determining such rate or rates, the
Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable, the right, if
any, of the Company to defer or extend an Interest Payment Date, the Regular
Record Date (if other than as defined in this Indenture) for the interest
payable on any Interest Payment Date and the dates from which interest shall
accrue and the method of determining these dates;

         (e) the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest on the Securities of such series shall be payable, the place or
places where the Securities of such series may be presented for registration of
transfer or exchange, and the place or places where notices and demands to or
upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such series may be made;

         (f) the period or periods within or the date or dates on which, if any,
the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the
Securities of such series may be redeemed or prepaid, in whole or in part, at
the option of the Company;

         (g) the obligation or the right, if any, of the Company to redeem,
repay or purchase the Securities of such series pursuant to any sinking fund,
amortization or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and
the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the currency
or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which and the other terms
and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, repaid or
purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

         (h) the denominations in which any Securities of such series shall be
issuable, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple
thereof;

         (i) if other than Dollars, the currency or currencies (including
currency unit or units) in which the principal of (and premium, if any) and
interest, if any, on the Securities of the series shall be payable, or in which
the Securities of the series shall be denominated;

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         (j) the additions, modifications or deletions, if any, in the Events of
Default or covenants of the Company set forth herein with respect to the
Securities of such series;

         (k) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the
principal amount of Securities of such series that shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof;

         (l) the additions or changes, if any, to this Indenture with respect to
the Securities of such series as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the
issuance of the Securities of such series in bearer form, registrable or not
registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons;

         (m) any index or indices used to determine the amount of payments of
principal of and premium, if any, on the Securities of such series or the manner
in which such amounts will be determined;

         (n) the issuance of a temporary Global Security representing all of the
Securities of such series and the terms upon which such temporary Global
Security may be exchanged for definitive Securities of such series;

         (o) whether the Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in
part in the form of one or more Global Securities and, in such case, the
identity of the Depositary for such Global Securities;

         (p) the appointment of any Paying Agent or Agents for the Securities of
such series;

         (q) the terms and conditions of any right or obligation on the part of
the Company, or any option on the part of the Holders, to convert or exchange
Securities of such series into cash or any other securities or property of the
Company or any other Person, and the additions or changes, if any, to this
Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series to permit or facilitate
such conversion or exchange; and

         (r) any other terms of the Securities of such series (which terms shall
not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture).

         All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical
except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided herein or in
or pursuant to such Board Resolution and set forth in such Officers' Certificate
or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.

         If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken
pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action
shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers'
Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.

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SECTION 302. Denominations.

         The Securities of each series shall be in registered form without
coupons and shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral
multiples thereof, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301.

SECTION 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.

         The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its
Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, President or any
Vice President, under its corporate seal reproduced or impressed thereon and
attested by its Treasurer, any Associate Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, its
Secretary or any Assistant Secretary. The signature of any of these officers on
the Securities may be manual or facsimile.

         Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals
who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

         At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of
this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities executed by the Company to
the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance
with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities.

         Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if all
Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one time, it shall not
be necessary to deliver the Company Order otherwise required pursuant to such
preceding paragraph at or prior to the authentication of each Security of such
series if such Company Order is delivered at or prior to the authentication upon
original issuance of the first Security of such series to be issued.

         Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

         No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be
valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless there appears on such Security a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein
executed by the Trustee by the manual signature of one of its authorized
officers, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence,
and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and
delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have
been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the
Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for
cancellation as provided in Section 309, for all purposes of this Indenture such
Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered
hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

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         Minor typographical and other minor errors in the text of any Security
shall not affect the validity and enforceability of such Security if it has been
duly authenticated and delivered by the Trustee.

         The Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver one or more Global Securities with respect to each series of Securities
that (i) shall represent an aggregate amount equal to the aggregate principal
amount of the initially issued Securities of such series, (ii) shall be
registered in the name of the Depositary or the nominee of the Depositary, (iii)
shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the
Depositary's instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially in the form
required in Section 202.

         The Depositary must, at all times while it serves as such Depositary,
be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and any other applicable
statute or regulation.

SECTION 304. Temporary Securities.

         Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the
Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten,
mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination,
substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities of any series in lieu of
which they are issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions,
substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may
determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

         If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will
cause definitive Securities of such series to be prepared without unreasonable
delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities, the temporary Securities
shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities upon surrender of the temporary
Securities at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment without
charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more
temporary Securities, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of
definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and having
the same Original Issue Date and Stated Maturity and having the same terms as
such temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities shall in
all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive
Securities.

SECTION 305. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.

         The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee a register (the register maintained in such office or in any other
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes
referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject to such reasonable
regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration
of Securities and of transfers and exchanges of Securities. The Trustee is
hereby appointed "Security Registrar" for the purpose of registering Securities
and transfers of Securities as herein provided.

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         Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security at the
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment, the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the
designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of the same
series of any authorized denominations and of a like tenor and aggregate
principal amount, of the same original Issue Date and Stated Maturity and having
the same terms.

         Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section, unless and until
it is exchanged in whole or in part for the individual Securities represented
thereby, a Global Security representing all or a portion of the Securities may
not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary to a nominee of such
Depositary, or by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another
nominee of such Depositary, or by such Depositary or any such nominee to a
successor Depositary or nominee of such successor Depositary.

         At the option of the Holder, Securities may be exchanged for other
Securities, of the same series of any authorized denominations, of like tenor
and aggregate principal amount, of the same Original Issue Date and Stated
Maturity and having the same terms, upon surrender of the Securities to be
exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered
for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to
receive.

         If at any time the Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling
or unable to continue as Depositary or if at any time the Depositary shall cease
to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act as provided in Section
303, the Company shall appoint a successor Depositary. If a successor Depositary
is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such
notice or becomes aware of such ineligibility, the Company will execute, and the
Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of
individual Securities, will authenticate and make available for delivery,
individual Securities in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of the Global Security or Securities representing the Securities in
exchange for such Global Security or Securities.

         The Company may at any time and in its sole discretion determine that
individual Securities issued in the form of one or more Global Securities shall
no longer be represented by such Global Security or Securities. In such event
the Company will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for
the authentication and delivery of individual Securities, will authenticate and
make available for delivery, individual Securities in an aggregate principal
amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security or Securities
representing the Securities in exchange for such Global Security or Securities.

         The Depositary may surrender a Global Security in exchange in whole or
in part for individual Securities on such terms as are acceptable to the
Company, the Trustee and such Depositary. Thereupon, the Company shall execute,
and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, without
service charge:

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         (1) to each Person specified by such Depositary a new individual
Security or Securities of any authorized denomination as requested by such
Person in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person's
beneficial interest in the Global Security; and

         (2) to such Depositary a new Global Security in a denomination equal to
the difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered Global
Security and the aggregate principal amount of individual Securities delivered
to Holders thereof.

         Upon the exchange of a Global Security for individual Securities in an
aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such Global
Security, such Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Individual
Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security pursuant to this Section
shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the
Depositary for such Global Security, pursuant to instructions from its direct or
indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee
shall make available for delivery such individual Securities to the Persons in
whose names such Securities are so registered.

         All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same
debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

         Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or
for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar) be
duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the
Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

         No service charge shall be made to a Holder for any registration of
transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax, assessment or other governmental charge that may be
imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 304, 906 or 1108 not
involving any transfer.

         Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be required, pursuant to the
provisions of this Section: (i) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange
any Security of any series during a period beginning at the opening of business
15 Business Days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of any
such Securities selected for redemption of Securities pursuant to Article Eleven
and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing of notice of
redemption; or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so
selected for redemption in whole or in part, except, in the case of any Security
to be redeemed in part, any portion thereof that is not redeemed.

SECTION 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

         If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee together with
such security or indemnity as may be required by the Company or the Trustee to
save each of them

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harmless, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same issue and series, of
like tenor and principal amount, having the same Original Issue Date and Stated
Maturity and bearing the same Interest Rate as such mutilated Security, and
bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

         If there shall be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee (i)
evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security
and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of
them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to
the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the issuing Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen
Security, a new Security of the same issue and series of like tenor and
principal amount, having the same Original Issue Date and Stated Maturity and
bearing the same Interest Rate as such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, and
bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

         In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has
become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

         Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company
may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

         Every new Security issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any
destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional
contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or
stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be
entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with
any and all other Securities duly issued hereunder.

         The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

SECTION 307. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.

         Interest on any Security of any series which is payable, and is
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid
to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date
for such interest in respect of Securities of such series. The initial payment
of interest on any Security of any series which is issued between a Regular
Record Date and the related Interest Payment Date shall be payable as provided
in such Security or in the Board Resolution pursuant to Section 301 with respect
to the related series of Securities.

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         Any interest on any Security which is payable, but is not timely paid
or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of such series
(herein called "Defaulted Interest"), shall forthwith cease to be payable to the
registered Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been
such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its
election in each case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below:

         (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to
the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series in respect of which
interest is in default (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are
registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of
such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The
Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest
proposed to be paid on each Security and the date of the proposed payment, and
at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money
equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted
Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit
prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held
in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as
in this Clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date
for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days
and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less
than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed
payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record
Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of
the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date
therefor to be mailed, first class, postage prepaid, to each Holder of a
Security of such series at the address of such Holder as it appears in the
Security Register not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date.
Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record
Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to
the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special
Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following Clause (2).

         (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the
Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the
requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities of the series in
respect of which interest is in default may be listed, and upon such notice as
may be required by such exchange (or by the Trustee if the Securities are not
listed), if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed
payment pursuant to this Clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed
practicable by the Trustee.

         Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security
delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange
for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued
and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

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SECTION 308. Persons Deemed Owners.

         The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee
may treat the Person in whose name any Security is registered as the owner of
such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and any
premium and (subject to Section 307) any interest on such Security and for all
other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither
the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be
affected by notice to the contrary.

         None of the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the
Trustee will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records
relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a
Global Security or maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to
such beneficial ownership interests.

SECTION 309. Cancellation.

         All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of
transfer or exchange shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee,
be delivered to the Trustee, and any such Securities and Securities surrendered
directly to the Trustee for any such purpose shall be promptly cancelled by it.
The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any
Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company
may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or
to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities
previously authenticated hereunder which the Company has not issued and sold,
and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. No
Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities
cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this
Indenture. All cancelled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of as
directed by a Company Order, and the Trustee shall deliver to the Company a
certificate evidencing the disposition of the cancelled Securities. Acquisition
by the Company of any Security shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction
of the indebtedness represented by such Security unless and until the same is
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

SECTION 310. Computation of Interest.

         Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for
Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months.

                                  ARTICLE FOUR

                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

SECTION 401. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.

         This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect
(except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities herein

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expressly provided for) and the Trustee at the expense of the Company, shall
execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture, when:

         (1) either

                  (A) all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
         (other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen
         and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 306 and
         (ii) Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited
         in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter
         repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in
         Section 1003) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

                  (B) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the
         Trustee for cancellation:

                           (i) have become due and payable, or

                           (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated
                  Maturity within one year of the date of deposit, or

                           (iii) are to be called for redemption within one year
                  under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving
                  of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the
                  expense, of the Company,

and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has deposited or
caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds: (A) money in an amount;
(B) Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of principal and
interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not
later than one day before the due date of any payment, money in an amount; or
(C) a combination thereof, in each case sufficient, in the opinion of a
nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a
written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee of such series (but such
opinion need only be delivered if Government Obligations have been so
deposited), to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee, to
pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal (and premium, if any)
and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have
become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the
case may be;

         (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder by the Company; and

         (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein
provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have
been complied with.

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         The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or
other charge imposed on or assessed against the Government Obligations deposited
pursuant to Section 401 or the principal and interest received in respect
thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the
account of the Holders of Outstanding Securities.

         Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 607 and the preceding
paragraph, the obligations of the Company to any Authenticating Agent under
Section 614 and, if money and/or Government Obligations shall have been
deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of Clause (1) of this
Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the last paragraph
of Section 1003 shall survive.

SECTION 402. Application of Trust Money.

         Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all
money and Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section
401 and all proceeds of such Government Obligations and the interest thereon,
shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of
the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through
any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the
Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal and any
premium and interest for whose payment such money and Government Obligations
have been deposited with the Trustee.

                                  ARTICLE FIVE

                                    REMEDIES

SECTION 501. Events of Default.

         "Event of Default", wherever used herein with respect to the Securities
of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for
such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be
effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any
court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental
body):

         (1) default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that
series when it becomes due and payable, and such default continues for a period
of 30 days; or

         (2) default in the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, on
any Security of that series at its Maturity; or

         (3) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or warranty
of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty a default in
the performance of which or the breach of which is specifically dealt with
elsewhere in this Section), and continuance of such default or breach for a
period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail,
to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders
of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of

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the Outstanding Securities of that series a written notice specifying such
default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice
is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

         (4) the entry of a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in
the premises adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as
properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or
composition of or in respect of the Company under any applicable Federal or
State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law, or appointing
a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar
official) of the Company or of any substantial part of its property or ordering
the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such
decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or

         (5) the institution by the Company of proceedings to be adjudicated a
bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the institution of bankruptcy or
insolvency proceedings against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer
of consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable Federal or
State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law, or the
consent by it to the filing of any such petition or to the appointment of a
receiver, liquidator assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official)
of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it
of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in writing
of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due and its
willingness to be adjudicated a bankrupt, or the taking of corporate action by
the Company in furtherance of any such action; or

         (6) any other Event of Default specified with respect to Securities of
that series as contemplated in Section 301.

SECTION 502. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.

         If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in
Section 501(4) or 501(5)) with respect to Securities of any series at the time
Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the
Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of that series may declare the principal amount (or, if the
Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion
of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of all
of the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice
in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any
such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) shall become
immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 501(4)
or 501(5) with respect to Securities of a series at the time Outstanding occurs,
the principal amount of all the Securities of such series (or specified amount)
shall automatically, and without any declaration or other action on the part of
the Trustee or any Holder, become immediately due and payable.

         At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due

                                       27

<PAGE>

has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the
Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company and the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if:

         (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient
to pay

                  (A) all overdue interest on all Securities of that series,

                  (B) the principal of, and premium, if any, on, any Securities
         of that series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration
         of acceleration and any interest thereon at the rate or rates borne by
         such Securities,

                  (C) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful,
         interest upon overdue installments of interest at the rate or rates
         borne by or prescribed therefor in such Securities, and

                  (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the
         reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
         Trustee, its agents and counsel; and

         (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series,
other than the non-payment of the principal (or a specified portion of the
principal) of and interest on Securities of that series which has become due
solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as
provided in Section 513.

         No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any
right consequent thereon.

SECTION 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.

         The Company covenants that if:

         (1) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when
such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of
30 days, or

         (2) default is made in the payment of the principal or premium, if any,
on any Security at the Maturity thereof,

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the
Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such
Securities for principal, including any sinking fund payment or analogous
obligations (and premium, if any) and interest, including, to the extent that
payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue
principal or premium, if any, and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates
prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further
amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection,
including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of
the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

                                       28

<PAGE>

         If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand,
the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a
judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may
prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same
against the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities and collect the
moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of
the property of the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities, wherever
situated.

         If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs
and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and
enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by
such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual
to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of
any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any
power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

SECTION 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.

         In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company (or any
other obligor upon the Securities), its property or its creditors:

         (a) the Trustee shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in
such proceeding or otherwise,

                  (i) to take any and all actions authorized under the Trust
         Indenture Act in order to have claims of the Holders and the Trustee
         allowed in any such proceeding, and

                  (ii) in particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect
         and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any
         such claims and to distribute the same in accordance with Section 506;
         and

         (b) any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator,
sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby
authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee for distribution
in accordance with Section 506, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent
to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee
any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the
Trustee under Section 607.

         No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee
to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan
of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the
Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to
vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; provided,
however, that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the election
of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member of a creditors'
or other similar committee.

                                       29

<PAGE>

SECTION 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.

         All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities
may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of
the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and
any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name
as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after
provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the
ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such
judgment has been recovered.

SECTION 506. Application of Money Collected.

         Any money or property collected or to be applied by the Trustee with
respect to a series of Securities pursuant to this Article shall be applied in
the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of
the distribution of such money or property on account of principal or premium,
if any, or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation
thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if
fully paid:

         FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee and any
predecessor Trustee under Section 607;

         SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon such
series of Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest in respect
of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably,
without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and
payable on such series of Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and
interest, respectively; and

         THIRD: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Company, its
successors or assigns or to whomsoever may be lawfully entitled to receive the
same or as a court of competent jurisdiction may direct.

SECTION 507. Limitation on Suits.

         No Holder of any Securities of any series shall have any right to
institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture,
or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy
hereunder, unless:

         (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a
continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that series;

         (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of that series have made written request to the
Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own
name as Trustee hereunder;

                                       30

<PAGE>

         (3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable
security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred
in compliance with such request;

         (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request
and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

         (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given
to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in
aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of
such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any
other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in
the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such
Holders.

SECTION 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and
             Interest.

         Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of
any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to
receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to
Section 307) interest on such Security on the respective Stated Maturities
expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption
Date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such
rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

SECTION 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies.

         If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce
any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been
discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to
the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall
be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and
thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue
as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

SECTION 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative.

         Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment
of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of
Section 306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee
or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and
every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and
in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter
existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any
right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent
assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

                                       31

<PAGE>

SECTION 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

         No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities
to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair
any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or
an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law
to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as
often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case
may be.

SECTION 512. Control by Holders.

         The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time,
method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the
Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect
to the Securities of such series, provided that:

         (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or
with this Indenture, involve the Trustee in personal liability or be unduly
prejudicial to the Holders of the Securities not joining in the action; and

         (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee
which is not inconsistent with such direction.

SECTION 513. Waiver of Past Defaults.

         The Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of any series may, on behalf of the Holders of all
the Securities of such series, waive any past default hereunder with respect to
such series and its consequences, except a default:

         (1) in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest
on, any Security of such series; or

         (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article
Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security of such series affected.

         Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event
of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every
purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or
other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

SECTION 514. Undertaking for Costs.

         All parties to this Indenture agree, and each holder of any Security by
his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its
discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under
this Indenture, or in

                                       32

<PAGE>

any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as
Trustee, any party litigant in such suit to file an undertaking to pay the costs
of such suit, and that court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs,
including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any such party litigant in such
suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses
made by such party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the
Trust Indenture Act; provided, that neither this Section nor the Trust Indenture
Act shall be deemed to authorize any court to require such an undertaking or to
make such an assessment in any suit instituted by the Company or by the Trustee,
to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the
aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any
series, or any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment
of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security on or after
the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of
redemption, on the Redemption Date).

SECTION 515. Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws.

         The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that
it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim
or take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever
enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants
or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may
lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law
and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any
power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of
every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

                                   ARTICLE SIX

                                   THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 601. Certain Duties and Responsibilities.

         The duties, responsibilities, protections, privileges, and immunities
of the Trustee shall be as provided by the Trust Indenture Act, particularly
Sections 315 and 316 thereof, unless expressly excluded as provided in this
Article Six. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no provision of this Indenture shall
require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any
financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the
exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for
believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk
or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

         Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this
Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording
protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section.

SECTION 602. Notice of Defaults.

         If a default occurs hereunder with respect to the Securities of a
series, the Trustee within 90 days of such default shall give the Holders of
such Securities notice of such

                                       33

<PAGE>

default as and to the extent provided by the Trust Indenture Act; provided,
however, that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section
501(3) with respect to such Securities, no such notice to Holders shall be given
until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof; and provided, further, that
the Trustee may withhold notice to the Holders, of any default with respect to
Securities of a series (except any default of the character specified in Section
501(1) and (2)), if and so long as the board of directors, the executive
committee or a trust committee of directors or Responsible Officers of the
Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of the notice is in the
interest of the Holders of such Securities. For the purpose of this Section, the
term "default" means any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or
both would become, an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a
series.

SECTION 603. Certain Rights of Trustee.

         Subject to the provisions of Section 601:

         (1) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining
from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion,
report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other
evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine
and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

         (2) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be
sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order, and any resolution
of the Board of Directors shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

         (3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall
deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking,
suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence
be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part,
rely upon an Officers' Certificate and may at its discretion secure such further
evidence deemed necessary or advisable, but shall in no case be bound to secure
the same;

         (4) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such
counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder
in good faith and in reliance thereon;

         (5) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the
facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture,
note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the
Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into
such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to
make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the
books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;

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<PAGE>

         (6) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it
hereunder;

         (7) the Trustee's immunities and protections from liability and its
rights to compensation and indemnification in connection with the performance of
its duties under this Indenture shall extend to the Trustee's officers,
directors, agents and employees and its services as Paying Agent, Security
Registrar or any other role assumed by the Trustee hereunder or to which it has
been appointed with respect to the Securities issued hereunder. Such immunities
and protections and right to indemnification, together with the Trustee's right
to compensation, shall survive the Trustee's resignation or removal and final
payment of the Securities;

         (8) the Trustee is not required to give any bond or surety with respect
to the performance of its duties or the exercise of its powers under this
Indenture;

         (9) the Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any "default"
or Event of Default hereunder except (i) during any period it is serving as
Paying Agent for the Securities of a series, any Event of Default pursuant to
Section 501(1) or (2), or (ii) any default or Event of Default of which a
Responsible Officer shall have received written notification from the Company or
the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
the series with respect to which such default or Event of Default has occurred
and is continuing or obtained "actual knowledge." The term "actual knowledge" as
used herein shall mean the actual fact or statement of knowing by a Responsible
Officer without independent investigation with respect thereto. The term
"default" as used in this Section 603 shall mean any event which is, or after
notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect
to Securities of a series; and

         (10) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture (other than the payment of debt
service on the Securities from moneys furnished to it pursuant hereto), whether
at the request or direction of the Holders or any other Person, pursuant to this
Indenture or otherwise, unless it shall have been offered reasonable indemnity
or security against the fees, advances, costs, expenses and liabilities which
might be incurred by it in connection with the exercise of any such rights or
powers.

         Notwithstanding anything else herein contained, (i) the Trustee shall
not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by any officer of the
Trustee unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was grossly negligent in
ascertaining the pertinent facts and (ii) no provision of this Indenture shall
require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any
financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the
exercise of any of its rights or powers if it believes the repayment of such
funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably
assured to it.

                                       35

<PAGE>

SECTION 604. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.

         The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the
Trustee's certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of
the Company, and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any
responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to
the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. Neither the
Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or
application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

SECTION 605. May Hold Securities.

         The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security
Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other
capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections
608 and 613, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would
have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security
Registrar or such other agent.

SECTION 606. Money Held in Trust.

         Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated
from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be
under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as
agreed with the Company herein or otherwise.

SECTION 607. Compensation and Reimbursement.

         The Company agrees:

         (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for
all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited
by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express
trust);

         (2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the
Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances
incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this
Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the reasonable expenses and
disbursements of its agents or attorneys), except any such expense, disbursement
or advance as may be attributable to the negligence, willful misconduct or bad
faith of it or of its agents or attorneys;

         (3) to indemnify, defend and to hold the Trustee harmless against, any
loss, liability or expense (including the reasonable compensation and the
reasonable expenses and disbursements of its agents or attorneys) incurred
without negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith on its part, arising out of
or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts
hereunder, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending itself
against any claim or liability in connection therewith or with the exercise or
performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder;

                                       36

<PAGE>

         (4) that the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities upon all
property and funds held by it hereunder for any amount owing it or any
predecessor Trustee pursuant to this Section 607, except with respect to funds
held in trust for the benefit of the Holders of particular Securities; and

         (5) without limiting any rights available to the Trustee under
applicable law, that when the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in
connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 501(4) or Section
501(5), the expenses (including the reasonable charges and expenses of its
counsel) and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute
expenses of administration under any applicable federal or state bankruptcy,
insolvency or other similar law.

SECTION 608. Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.

         If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the
meaning of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall either eliminate such
interest or resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to
the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. To the extent
permitted by the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have a
conflicting interest by virtue of being a Trustee under this Indenture with
respect to Securities of more than one series or by virtue of being a Trustee
under this Indenture [and under the Indenture dated as of [        ] between the
Company and [        ], as Trustee].

SECTION 609. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.

         There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which shall (i) be a
corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of
America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, (ii) be authorized under
such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, (iii) have a combined capital and
surplus of at least $50,000,000, and (iv) be subject to supervision or
examination by Federal or State authority. If such corporation files reports of
condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said
supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the
combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its
combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition
so filed. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance
with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner
and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article Six. Neither the
Company nor any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or
under common control with the Company shall serve as Trustee for the Securities
of any series issued hereunder.

SECTION 610. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

         No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a
successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the
acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the
applicable requirements of Section 611.

                                       37

<PAGE>

         The Trustee may resign as Trustee at any time with respect to the
Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the
Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by
Section 611 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after
the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any
court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of such series.

         The Trustee may be removed as Trustee hereunder at any time with
respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the
Trustee and to the Company.

         If at any time:

         (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 608 after written
request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder
of a Security for at least six months; or

         (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 609 and shall
fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such
Holder; or

         (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a
bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be
appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or
of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or
liquidation,

then, in any such case, (A) the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the
Trustee, or (B) subject to Section 514, any Holder who has been a bona fide
Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all
others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the
removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

         If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting,
or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause with respect
to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution,
shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the
Securities of that or those series and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section 611. If, within one year after such resignation, removal
or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders
of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series
delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so
appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance
with the applicable requirements of Section 611, become the successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the
successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or
the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 611, any
Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months
may, subject to Section 514, on behalf of himself and all

                                       38

<PAGE>

others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the
appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such
series.

         The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of
the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of
a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series by mailing
written notice of such event by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to the
Holders of Securities of such series as their names and addresses appear in the
Security Register. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate
Trust Office.

SECTION 611. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.

         (a) In the case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee
with respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall
execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an
instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request
of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon
payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such
successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and
shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property
and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

         (b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the
retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of
one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall
contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and
confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2)
if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall
contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm
that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with
respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring
Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or
in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the
same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts
hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by
any other such Trustee and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental
indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become
effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts, and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to

                                       39

<PAGE>

which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the
Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those
series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

         (c) Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall
execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and
confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred
to in the paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

         (d) No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the
time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible
under this Article.

SECTION 612. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.

         Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or
with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust
business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder,
provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this
Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the
part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been
authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor
by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt
such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same
effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

SECTION 613. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.

         If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company
(or any other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against
the Company (or any such other obligor).

SECTION 614. Appointment of Authenticating Agent.

         The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect
to one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf
of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original
issue and upon exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof
or pursuant to Section 306, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all
purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is
made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the
Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be
deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee

                                       40

<PAGE>

by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on
behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent
shall be acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation
organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any
State, Territory or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act
as Authenticating Agent, having a combined capital and surplus of not less than
$50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State
authority. If such Authenticating Agent files reports of condition at least
annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or
examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital
and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined
capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so
filed.

         If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall
resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

         Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of
the corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall be the successor
Authenticating Agent hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise
eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any
further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

         An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give notice of such
appointment in the manner provided in Section 106 to all Holders of Securities
of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve. Any
successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder
shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor
hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent.

         No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible
under the provisions of this Section.

         The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to
time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section.

         If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant
to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in
addition to the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an alternative
certificate of authentication in the following form:

                                       41

<PAGE>

         This is one of the Securities referred to in the within-mentioned
Indenture.

                                            [__________________________________]
                                            as Trustee

                                            By: ________________________________
                                                As Authenticating Agent

                                            By: ________________________________
                                                Authorized Signatory

                                  ARTICLE SEVEN

                HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

SECTION 701. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders.

         The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

         (1) semi-annually, not more than 15 days after each Regular Record
Date, a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names
and addresses of the Holders as of such Regular Record Date; and

         (2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within
30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar
form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list
is furnished; provided, that no such list need be provided in any case to the
extent it would include names and addresses received by the Trustee in its
capacity as Security Registrar.

SECTION 702. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.

         The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent
list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 701 and the names and
addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security
Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in
Section 701 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

         The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to
their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding
rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust
Indenture Act.

         Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees
with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor
any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of any
disclosure of information as to names and addresses of Holders made pursuant to
the Trust Indenture Act.

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<PAGE>

SECTION 703. Reports by Trustee.

         The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the
Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the
Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto. If
required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall, within
60 days after each May 15 following the date of this Indenture, deliver to
Holders a brief report, dated as of such May 15, which complies with the
provisions of such Section 313(a).

         A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to
Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any
Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company
will notify the Trustee whenever any Securities are listed on any stock
exchange.

SECTION 704. Reports by Company.

         The Company shall:

         (1) file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is required
to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the
information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of
the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations
prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with the Commission
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; or, if the Company
is not required to file information, documents or reports pursuant to either of
said Sections, then it shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, in
accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information, documents and
reports which may be required pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act in
respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as
may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations;

         (2) file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules
and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such additional
information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company
with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture as may be required from time
to time by such rules and regulations; and

         (3) transmit by mail, to all Holders, as their names and addresses
appear in the Security Register, within 30 days after the filing thereof with
the Trustee, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required
to be filed by the Company pursuant to Clauses (1) and (2) of this Section as
may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
Commission.

                                       43

<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE EIGHT

              CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

SECTION 801. Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.

         (a) Subject to Section 801(c), the Company shall not consolidate with
or merge with or into any other Person or convey, transfer or lease its assets
substantially as an entirety to any Person, and the Company shall not permit any
Person to consolidate with or merge with or into the Company, unless:

         (1) the Company is the surviving corporation in a merger or
consolidation; or

         (2) in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge into another
Person or convey, transfer or lease its assets substantially as an entirety to
any Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is
merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases,
the assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall be a corporation,
partnership, trust or limited liability company, organized and validly existing
under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the
District of Columbia and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental
hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of
the principal of and any premium and interest on all the Securities and the
performance or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the
Company to be performed or observed; and

         (3) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of
Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become
an Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing; and

         (4) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger,
conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required in
connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with this
Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such
transaction have been complied with.

         (b) Subject to Section 801(c), any indebtedness which becomes an
obligation of the Company or any Subsidiary as a result of any such transaction
shall be treated as having been incurred by the Company or such Subsidiary at
the time of such transaction.

         (c) The provisions of Section 801(a) and (b) shall not be applicable
to:

         (1) the direct or indirect conveyance, transfer or lease of all or any
portion of the stock, assets or liabilities of any of the Company's wholly owned
Subsidiaries to the Company or to other wholly owned Subsidiaries of the
Company; or

         (2) any recapitalization transaction, a change of control of the
Company or a highly leveraged transaction unless such transaction or change of
control is structured to

                                       44

<PAGE>

include a merger or consolidation by the Company or the conveyance, transfer or
lease of the Company's assets substantially as an entirety.

SECTION 802. Successor Corporation Substituted.

         Upon any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company
into, any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the assets of the
Company substantially as an entirety in accordance with Section 801, the
successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is
merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to,
and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company
under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been
named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in the case of any lease,
the Company shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this
Indenture and the Securities and may be dissolved and liquidated.

         In case of any such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or
lease, such changes in phraseology and form may be made in the Securities
thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.

                                  ARTICLE NINE

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 901. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.

         Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a
Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter
into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the
Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

         (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and the
assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company herein and in
the Securities; or

         (2) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge any property to or
with the Trustee or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the
Company; or

         (3) to provide for the issuance under this Indenture of Securities in
bearer form (including securities registrable as to principal only) and to
provide for exchangeability of such Securities for Securities issued hereunder
in fully registered form, and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;
or

         (4) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as
permitted by Sections 201 or 301; or

         (5) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the
Holders of all Securities or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are
to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such
covenants are expressly being included

                                       45

<PAGE>

solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein
conferred upon the Company; or

         (6) to add any additional Events of Default; or

         (7) to secure the Securities; or

         (8) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder
by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and
to add to or change any provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to
provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more
than one Trustee pursuant to the requirements of Section 611(b); or

         (9) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision
herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein,
or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising
under this Indenture as the Company and the Trustee may deem necessary and
desirable, provided that such action pursuant to this Clause (9) shall not
adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series in any
material respect; or

         (10) to conform any provision hereof to the requirements of the Trust
Indenture Act or otherwise as necessary to comply with applicable law; or

         (11) to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of
any Holder in any material respect.

SECTION 902. Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders.

         With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such
supplemental indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the
Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may
enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of
adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the
provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the
Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however,
that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of
each Outstanding Security affected thereby:

         (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment
of interest payable on, any Outstanding Security, or reduce the principal amount
of or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon the redemption
thereof, or reduce the amount of principal of an Original Issue Discount
Security that would be due and payable upon redemption or would be provable in
bankruptcy, or adversely affect any right of repayment of the Holder of any
Security or change the Place of Payment or the coin or currency in which, any
Outstanding Security or the interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to
institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated
Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption
Date); or

                                       46

<PAGE>

         (2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any such
supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any
waiver of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain
defaults hereunder and their consequences or reduce the quorum or voting
requirements provided for in this Indenture; or

         (3) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 513 or
Section 1009, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain
other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the
consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby; provided,
however, that this clause shall not be deemed to require the consent of any
Holder with respect to changes in the references to "the Trustee" and
concomitant changes in this Section and Section 1009, or the deletion of this
proviso, in accordance with the requirements of Sections 611 and 901(8).

         A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or
other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for
the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies
the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such
covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

         It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall
be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

SECTION 903. Execution of Supplemental Indentures.

         In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any
supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of
the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an
Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of
such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture, and
that all conditions precedent have been complied with. The Trustee may, but
shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which
affects the Trustee's own rights, duties, protections, privileges, indemnities,
liabilities or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

SECTION 904. Effect of Supplemental Indentures.

         Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article,
this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder
shall be bound thereby.

SECTION 905. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.

         Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

                                       47

<PAGE>

SECTION 906. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.

         Securities authenticated and delivered after the execution of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by
the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter
provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine,
new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the
Trustee and the Board of Directors, to any such supplemental indenture may be
prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

                                   ARTICLE TEN

                                    COVENANTS

SECTION 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.

         The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of
Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of, premium, if
any, and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms
of such Securities and this Indenture.

         Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, the Company
shall pay interest on overdue amounts at the rate set forth in the first
paragraph of the Securities, and it shall pay interest on overdue interest at
the same rate (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable), which interest on overdue interest shall accrue from the date such
amounts became overdue.

SECTION 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency.

         The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series, an
office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered
for payment, and an office or agency where Securities may be surrendered for
registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon
the Company in respect of the Securities and this Indenture may be served. The
Company initially appoints the Trustee, acting through its Corporate Trust
Office, as its agent for said purposes. The Company will give prompt written
notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of any
such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any
such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the
address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made
or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby
appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands.

         The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other
offices or agencies where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any
or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations;
provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner
relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in each
Place of Payment for Securities of any

                                       48

<PAGE>

series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the
Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location
of any such office or agency.

SECTION 1003. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.

         If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with
respect to any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the
principal of or premium, if any, or interest on any of the Securities of such
series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal, premium, if any, and any interest
so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise
disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its
action or failure so to act.

         Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents, it will,
prior to each due date of the principal of or interest on any Securities,
deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium,
if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held as provided by the
Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company
will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

         The Company will cause each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to
execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent
shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that
such Paying Agent will (1) comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act
applicable to it as a Paying Agent, (2) give the Trustee notice of any default
by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities) in the making of any
payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest, and (3) at any time
during the continuance of any such default, upon the written request of the
Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying
Agent.

         The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or
such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any Paying Agent to
the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with
respect to such money.

         Any money or U.S. Government Obligation (including the proceeds thereof
and the interest thereon) deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or
then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, premium,
if any, or interest on any Security and remaining unclaimed for two years after
such principal, premium, if any, or interest has become due and payable shall be
paid to the Company at its option on Company Request (unless otherwise required
by mandatory provision of applicable escheat or abandoned or

                                       49

<PAGE>
unclaimed property law) or (if then held by the Company) shall (unless otherwise
required by mandatory provision of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed
property law) be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security
shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for
payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with
respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee
thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such
Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the
expense of the Company cause to be published once, in a newspaper published in
the English language, customarily published on each Business Day and of general
circulation in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, notice that
such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which
shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed
balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

SECTION 1004. Statement by Officers as to Default.

         The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end
of each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof, an Officers'
Certificate covering the preceding fiscal year, stating whether or not, to the
best knowledge of the signers thereof, the Company is in default in the
performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of
this Indenture (without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice
provided hereunder) and, if the Company shall be in default, specifying all such
defaults and the nature and status thereof of which they may have knowledge.

SECTION 1005. Existence.

         Subject to Article Eight, the Company will do or cause to be done all
things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its legal
existence, rights (charter and statutory) and franchises; provided, however,
that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right or franchise
if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no
longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and that the loss
thereof is not disadvantageous in any material respect to the Holders.

SECTION 1006. Maintenance of Properties.

         The Company will cause all material properties of the Company used or
useful in the conduct of its business or the business of any Restricted
Subsidiary to be maintained and kept in good condition, repair and working order
and supplied with all necessary equipment and will cause to be made all
necessary repairs, renewals, replacements, betterments and improvements thereof,
all as in the judgment of the Company may be necessary so that the Company and
each Restricted Subsidiary may properly and advantageously conduct their
respective businesses at all times; provided, however, that nothing in this
Section shall prevent the Company from selling, abandoning or otherwise
disposing of, or discontinuing the operation or maintenance of, any of such
properties if such action is, in the judgment of the Company, desirable in the
conduct of its business or the business of any Restricted Subsidiary.

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<PAGE>

SECTION 1007. Payment of Taxes.

         The Company will pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged,
before the same shall become delinquent, all taxes, assessments and governmental
charges levied or imposed upon the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary or upon
the income, profits or property of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, and
lawful claims for labor, materials and supplies, which, if unpaid, might by law
become a Lien upon the property of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary;
provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay or discharge or
cause to be paid or discharged any such tax, assessment or governmental charge
whose amount, applicability or validity is being contested in good faith by
appropriate proceedings or where the failure to effect such payment is not
adverse in any material respect to the Holders of the Securities.

SECTION 1008. [Intentionally Omitted].

SECTION 1009. Waiver of Certain Covenants.

         The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any
term, provision, covenant or condition set forth in any covenant provided
pursuant to Section 901(5) for the benefit of the Holders or in any of Sections
1006 to 1008, inclusive, with respect to the Securities of any series if before
or after the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall, by Act of
such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive
compliance with such term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall
extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so
expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations
of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such term,
provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

                                 ARTICLE ELEVEN

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1101. Company's Right of Redemption.

         Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to the Securities of a particular series, and notwithstanding any additional
redemption rights that may be so specified, the Company may, at its option,
redeem the Securities of any series after their date of issuance in whole or in
part at any time and from time to time, subject to the provisions of this
Section 1101 and the other provisions of this Article Eleven. Unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to the Securities of a
particular series, the redemption price for any Security so redeemed shall be
equal to 100% of the principal amount of such Securities then Outstanding plus
accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the date fixed for redemption;
provided, however,

                                       51

<PAGE>

that installments of accrued and unpaid interest whose Stated Maturity is on or
prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities,
or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of
business on the relevant Regular Record Dates according to their terms and the
provisions of Section 307.

SECTION 1102. Applicability of Article.

         Redemption of Securities, as permitted or required by any form of
Security issued pursuant to this Indenture or the documentation providing
therefor, shall be made in accordance with such form of Security or
documentation and this Article Eleven; provided, however, that if any provision
of any such form of Security or documentation shall conflict with any provision
of this Article, the provision of such form of Security or documentation shall
govern. Except as otherwise set forth in the form of Security for such series or
such documentation, each Security shall be subject to partial redemption only in
the amount of $1,000 or integral multiples of $1,000.

SECTION 1103. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.

         The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced
by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election
of the Company of the Securities of a series, the Company shall, at least 45
days but not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company
(unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the
Trustee of such Redemption Date, of the principal amount of Securities to be
redeemed and, if applicable, of the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed. In
the case of any redemption of Securities (a) prior to the expiration of any
restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or (b)
pursuant to an election of the Company which is subject to a condition specified
in the terms of such Securities, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an
Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel evidencing compliance with such
restriction or condition.

SECTION 1104. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed.

         If less than all the Securities are to be redeemed (unless such
redemption affects only a single Security), the particular Securities to be
redeemed shall be selected not more than 45 days prior to the Redemption Date by
the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities not previously called for
redemption, by such method as the Trustee in its sole discretion shall deem fair
and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of a
portion of the principal amount of any Security, provided that the unredeemed
portion of the principal amount of any Security shall be in an authorized
denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized denomination)
for such Security. If less than all the Securities and of a specified tenor are
to be redeemed (unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the
particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 45 days
prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities and
specified tenor not previously called for redemption in accordance with the
preceding sentence.

                                       52

<PAGE>

         The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the
Securities selected for redemption as aforesaid and, in the case of any
Securities selected for partial redemption as aforesaid, the principal amount
thereof to be redeemed.

         The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall not apply with
respect to any redemption affecting only a single Security, whether such
Security is to be redeemed in whole or in part. In the case of any such
redemption in part, the unredeemed portion of the principal amount of the
Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less than
the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security.

         For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise
requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate,
in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the
portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be
redeemed. If the Company shall so direct, Securities registered in the name of
the Company, any Affiliate or any Subsidiary thereof shall not be included in
the Securities selected for redemption.

SECTION 1105. Notice of Redemption.

         Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage
prepaid, mailed not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption
Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at its address appearing in
the Security Register. Unless the Company defaults in payment of the Redemption
Price, on and after the Redemption Date, interest shall cease to accrue on the
Securities.

         All notices of redemption shall state:

         (1) the Redemption Date;

         (2) the Redemption Price, or if not then ascertainable, the manner of
calculation thereof;

         (3) if less than all the Outstanding Securities consisting of more than
a single Security are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of
partial redemption of any such Securities, the principal amounts) of the
particular Securities to be redeemed and, if less than all the Outstanding
Securities consisting of a single Security are to be redeemed, the principal
amount of the particular Security to be redeemed;

         (4) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due
and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if applicable, that
interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date; and

         (5) the place or places where each such Security is to be surrendered
for payment of the Redemption Price.

         Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of
the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and shall be irrevocable.
The notice if mailed in the

                                       53

<PAGE>
manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given,
whether or not the Holder receives such notice. In any case, a failure to give
such notice by mail or any defect in the notice to the Holder of any Security
designated for redemption as a whole or in part shall not affect the validity of
the proceedings for the redemption of any other Security.

SECTION 1106. Deposit of Redemption Price.

         Prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the
Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying
Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of
money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption
Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities
which are to be redeemed on that date.

SECTION 1107. Securities Payable on Redemption Date.

         Notice of redemption having been given pursuant to Section 1105, the
Securities to be so redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and
payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date
(unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and
accrued interest) such Securities shall cease to bear or accrue any interest.
Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with said
notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price,
together with any accrued but unpaid interest to, but excluding, the Redemption
Date; provided, however, that installments of accrued and unpaid interest whose
Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the
Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as
such at the close of business on the relevant Regular Record Dates according to
their terms and the provisions of Section 307.

         If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until
paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in
the Security.

SECTION 1108. Securities Redeemed in Part.

         Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered
at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires,
due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to
the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney
duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service
charge, a new Security or Securities of like tenor, of any authorized
denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount equal to
and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so
surrendered.

                                       54

<PAGE>

                                 ARTICLE TWELVE

                       DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

SECTION 1201. Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

         The Company may elect, at its option at any time, to have Section 1202
or Section 1203 applied to any Securities upon compliance with the conditions
set forth below in this Article. Any such election shall be evidenced by a Board
Resolution.

SECTION 1202. Defeasance and Discharge.

         Upon the Company's exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section
applied to any Securities, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged
from its obligations with respect to such Securities as provided in this Section
on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 1204 are satisfied
(hereinafter called "Defeasance"). For this purpose, such Defeasance means that
the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness
represented by such Securities and to have satisfied all its other obligations
under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are
concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company and upon Company
Request, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), subject to
the following, which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged
hereunder: (1) the Company's obligations with respect to such Securities under
Sections 304, 305, 306, 1002 and 1003; (2) the rights, powers, trusts, duties
and immunities of the Trustee hereunder; and (3) this Article. Subject to
compliance with this Article, the Company may exercise its option (if any) to
have this Section applied to any Securities notwithstanding the prior exercise
of its option (if any) to have Section 1203 applied to such Securities.

SECTION 1203. Covenant Defeasance.

         Upon the Company's exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section
applied to any Securities (1) the Company shall be released from its obligations
under Section 801, Section 1006, Section 1007 and any covenants provided
pursuant to 901(5) for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities;
and (2) the occurrence of any event specified in Sections 501(3) (with respect
to any of Section 801, Section 1006, Section 1007 and any such covenants
provided pursuant to Section 901(5)) shall be deemed not to be or result in an
Event of Default, in each case with respect to such Securities as provided in
this Section on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 1304 are
satisfied (hereinafter called "Covenant Defeasance"). For this purpose, such
Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to such Securities, the Company may
omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term,
condition or limitation set forth in any such specified Section (to the extent
so specified in the case of Section 501(3)), whether directly or indirectly by
reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or by reason of any
reference in any such Section to any other provision herein or in any other
document, but the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be
unaffected thereby.

                                       55

<PAGE>

         Notwithstanding any Covenant Defeasance with respect to Section 801,
any Person that would otherwise have been required to assume the obligations of
the Company pursuant to said Section shall be required, as a condition to any
merger, consolidation, conveyance, transfer or lease contemplated thereby, to
assume the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Sections 607 and
1205.

SECTION 1204. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

         The following shall be the conditions to the application of Section
1202 or Section 1203 to any Securities:

         (1) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be
deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee which satisfies the requirements
contemplated by Section 609 and agrees to comply with the provisions of this
Article applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the
following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely
to, the benefits of the Holders of such Securities, (A) money in an amount, or
(B) Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of principal and
interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not
later than one day before the due date of any payment, money in an amount, or
(C) a combination thereof, in each case sufficient, in the opinion of a
nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a
written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge,
and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or any such other qualifying trustee)
to pay and discharge, the principal of and any premium and interest on such
Securities on the respective Stated Maturities or on the Redemption Date, in
accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such Securities.

         (2) In the event of an election to have Section 1202 apply to any
Securities, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of
Counsel stating that (A) the Company has received from, or there has been
published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (B) since the date of
this instrument, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax
law, in the case of either (A) or (B) to the effect that, and based thereon such
opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities will not recognize
gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit,
Defeasance and discharge to be effected with respect to such Securities and will
be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at
the same times as would be the case if such deposit, Defeasance and discharge
were not to occur.

         (3) In the event of an election to have Section 1203 apply to any
Securities, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of
Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Securities will not recognize
gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and
Covenant Defeasance to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be
subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the
same times as would be the case if such deposit and Covenant Defeasance were not
to occur.

         (4) No event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would
become, an Event of Default with respect to such Securities or any other
Securities shall have

                                       56

<PAGE>

occurred and be continuing at the time of such deposit or, with regard to any
such event specified in Sections 501(4) and (5), at any time on or prior to the
90th day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition
shall not be deemed satisfied until after such 90th day).

         (5) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach
or violation of, or constitute a default under, any indenture or other agreement
or instrument for borrowed money to which the Company is a party or by which it
is bound.

         (6) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in the
trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within the
meaning of the Investment Company Act unless such trust shall be registered
under the Investment Company Act or exempt from registration thereunder.

         (7) If such Securities are to be redeemed prior to Stated Maturity
(other than from mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments), notice
of such redemption shall have been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or
provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made.

         (8) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent with respect to such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance have been
complied with.

SECTION 1205. Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust;
              Miscellaneous Provisions.

         Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all
money and Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof and the
interest thereon) deposited with the Trustee or other qualifying trustee (solely
for purposes of this Section and Section 1206, the Trustee and any such other
trustee are referred to collectively as the "Trustee") pursuant to Section 1204
in respect of any Securities shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee,
in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the
payment, either directly or through any such Paying Agent (including the Company
acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of
such Securities, of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of
principal and any premium and interest, but money so held in trust need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

         The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or
other charge imposed on or assessed against the Government Obligations deposited
pursuant to Section 1204 or the principal and interest received in respect
thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the
account of the Holders of Outstanding Securities.

         Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee
shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any
money or Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section 1204 with
respect to any Securities which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm
of independent public

                                       57

<PAGE>

accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the
Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be
deposited to effect the Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as the case may be,
with respect to such Securities.

SECTION 1206. Reinstatement.

         If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in
accordance with this Article with respect to any Securities by reason of any
order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining
or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations under this
Indenture and such Securities from which the Company has been discharged or
released pursuant to Section 1202 or 1203 shall be revived and reinstated as
though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article with respect to such
Securities, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply
all money held in trust pursuant to Section 1205 with respect to such Securities
in accordance with this Article; provided, however, that if the Company makes
any payment of principal of or any premium or interest on any such Security
following such reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated
to the rights (if any) of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment
from the money so held in trust.

SECTION 1207. Qualifying Trustee.

         Any trustee appointed pursuant to Section 1204 for the purpose of
holding trust funds deposited pursuant to that Section shall be appointed under
an agreement in form acceptable to the Trustee and shall provide to the Trustee
a certificate of such trustee, upon which certificate the Trustee shall be
entitled to conclusively rely, that all conditions precedent provided for herein
to the related Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance have been complied with. In no
event shall the Trustee be liable for any acts or omissions of said trustee.

                                 *      *      *

                                       58

<PAGE>

         This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of
which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts
shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed and
attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

FISHER SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL INC.

By: ________________________
    Name:
    Title:

Attest: ________________________
        Name:
        Title:

[                          ],
as Trustee

By: ________________________
    Name:
    Title:

Attest: ________________________
        Name:
        Title:

                                       59

<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT A

                                 [SPECIMEN BOND]

                           (FORM OF FACE OF SECURITY)

[If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security, insert--For purposes of
Section 1271 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the
issue price of this security is __ % of its principal amount and the Issue Date
is ______________, 20__]

                      FISHER SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL INC.
                               [Title of Security]

                                                          CUSIP: _______________

No. _______                                                         $ __________

         FISHER SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL INC., a corporation organized and
existing under the laws of Delaware (hereinafter called the "Company", which
term includes any successor corporation under the Indenture hereinafter referred
to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to [Insert if Global
Security-Cede & Co.], or registered assigns, the principal sum of ___________
Dollars on _____________ [If the Security is to bear interest prior to Maturity,
insert -- , and to pay interest thereon from _____________ or from the most
recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided
for, semi-annually on __________ and __________ in each year, commencing
__________, at the rate of __ % per annum, on the basis of a 360-day year
consisting of twelve 30-day months, until the principal hereof is paid or duly
provided for or made available for payment] [(If applicable insert - , and (to
the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable) at
the rate of __% per annum on any overdue principal and premium and on any
overdue installment of interest)].

         [If the Security is to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert -- The
interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest
Payment Date will, as provided in the Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose
name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the
close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be
the date which is fifteen days (whether or not a Business Day) next preceding
such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly
provided for will forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular
Record Date and may either be paid to the person in whose name this Security (or
one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a
Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by
the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this
series not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid at
any time in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of
any securities exchange on which the

                                       A-1

<PAGE>

Securities of this series may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required
by such exchange, all as more fully provided in said Indenture].

         [If the Security is not to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert -
The principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a
default in payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated
Maturity and in such case the overdue principal of this Security shall bear
interest at the rate of ___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such
interest shall be legally enforceable), which shall accrue from the date of such
default in payment to the date payment of such principal has been made or duly
provided for. Interest on any overdue principal shall be payable on demand. Any
such interest on any overdue principal that is not so paid on demand shall bear
interest at the rate of __% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such
interest shall be legally enforceable), which shall accrue from the date of such
demand for payment to the date payment of such interest has been made or duly
provided for, and such interest shall also be payable on demand.]

         Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and [if applicable,
insert - any interest] on this Security will be made at the office or agency of
the Company maintained for that purpose in ___________, in such coin or currency
of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for
payment of public and private debts [if applicable, insert -; provided, however,
that at the option of the Company payment of interest may be made by check
mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall
appear in the Security Register].

         Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set
forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes
have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

         Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by
the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security
shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or
obligatory for any purpose.

                                       A-2

<PAGE>

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly
executed under its corporate seal.

Dated:

                                            FISHER SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL INC.

                                            By:_________________________________
                                               Name:
                                               Title:

                                            By:_________________________________
                                               Name:
                                               Title:

Attest:

____________________________
Name:
Title:

                                       A-3

<PAGE>

                           FORM OF REVERSE OF SECURITY

         This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the
Company (herein called the "Securities"), issued and to be issued in one or more
series under an Indenture, dated as of ___________, 2003 as supplemented and
amended from time to time (herein called the "Indenture"), between the Company
and ___________, as Trustee (herein called the "Trustee", which term includes
any successor trustee under the Indenture), to which Indenture and all
indentures supplemental thereto reference is hereby made for a statement of the
respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of
the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and of the terms upon
which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. This
Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof [if applicable
insert --, limited in aggregate principal amount to $___________].

         All terms used in this Security that are defined in the Indenture shall
have the meaning assigned to them in the Indenture.

         [If applicable, insert - The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice by mail, at any
time [on or after ____________, 20__], as a whole or in part, at the election of
the Company. The Redemption Price for any Security so redeemed shall be equal to
100% of the principal amount of such Securities then Outstanding plus accrued
and unpaid interest up to but not including the date fixed for redemption. In
the event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new Security or
Securities of this series for the unredeemed portion hereof will be issued in
the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.]

         [Installments of accrued and unpaid interest whose Stated Maturity is
on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of the
Securities of this series, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as
such at the close of business on the relevant Regular Record Dates according to
their terms.]

         The Indenture contains provisions for satisfaction, discharge and
defeasance of the entire indebtedness on this security, upon compliance by the
Company with certain conditions set forth therein.

         [If the Security is not an Original Issue Discount Security, - If an
Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due
and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.] [If
the security is an Original Issue Discount Security, - If an Event of Default
with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be continuing, an
amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due and
payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture. Such amount
shall be equal to - insert formula for determining the amount.

         Upon payment of the amount of principal so declared due and payable [if
applicable insert-- and of interest on any overdue principal and overdue
interest (in each

                                       A-4

<PAGE>

case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable)], all of the Company's obligations in respect of the payment of the
principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of this series shall
terminate.]

         The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the
amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be
affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the
consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities at
the time Outstanding of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains
provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount
of the Securities of each series at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the
Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company
with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the
Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of
this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all
future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration
of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not
notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.

         No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security
or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which
is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and
interest on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or
currency, herein prescribed.

         As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein
set forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Security
Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the
office or agency of the Company in any place where the principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest on this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or
accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his
attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of
this series, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate principal
amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees.

         The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form
without coupons in denominations of $______ and any integral multiple thereof.
As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set
forth, Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal
amount of Securities of this series of a different authorized denomination, as
requested by the Holder surrendering the same.

         No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer
or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

         The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee
may treat the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner
hereof for all purposes,

                                       A-5

<PAGE>

whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee
nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

         THIS SECURITY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

                                       A-6

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