Document:

RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

                                       OF

                    WORLD WIDE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

Douglas P. Haffer and Harry Kraatz certify that:

     1.   They are the duly appointed, qualified President and Secretary of
          World Wide Wireless Communications, Inc., a Nevada Corporation (the
          "Corporation").

     2.   The Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation are amended and
          restated in their entirety as follows:

          "ARTICLE I. The name of the corporation is World Wide Wireless
          Communications, Inc.

          ARTICLE II. The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful
          act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the
          General Corporation Law of the State of Nevada.

          ARTICLE III. The Corporation is authorized to issue two classes of
          shares, designated "Common Stock" and "Preferred Stock," respectively.
          The Corporation is authorized to issue 300,000,000 shares of Common
          Stock with par value of $0.001, and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred
          Stock with par value of $0.001.

          The Preferred Stock may be issued in any number of series, as
          determined by the board of directors. The board may by resolution fix
          the designation and number of shares of any such series. The board may
          determine, alter, or revoke the powers, designations, preferences and
          relative, participating, optional or other rights, if any or the
          qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, pertaining to any
          wholly unissued class or series of Preferred Stock. The board may
          thereafter in the same manner increase (but not above the total number
          of authorized shares of the class) or decrease (but not below the
          number of shares thereof then outstanding) the number of shares of any
          such series.

          ARTICLE IV. Pursuant to Nevada Revised Statutes ("NRS") 78.037 a
          director or officer of the Corporation shall not be personally liable
          to the Corporation or its stockholders for damages for breach of
          fiduciary duty as a director or officer, provided, however, that the
          personal liability of a director or officer shall not be eliminated
          (i) for acts or omissions which involve intentional misconduct, fraud
          or a knowing violation of

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<PAGE>

          law, or (ii) the payment of distributions in violation of NRS 78.300.

          ARTICLE V. The Corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by
          Nevada Law, indemnify and hold harmless each person (and the heirs,
          executors or administrators of such person) who was or is a party or
          is threatened to be made a party to, or is involved in, any
          threatened, pending or completed actions, suit or proceeding, whether
          civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the
          fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the
          Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as
          a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint
          venture, trust or other enterprise in connection with any matter
          relating to the Corporation's business or affairs, against any losses,
          claims, damages or liabilities. The right to indemnification conferred
          in this ARTICLE V shall also include the right to be paid by the
          Corporation the expenses incurred in connection with any such
          proceeding in advance of its final disposition to the fullest extent
          authorized by Nevada Law. The right to indemnification conferred in
          this ARTICLE V shall be a contract right.

          ARTICLE VI. The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change
          or repeal any provision contained in this Articles of Incorporation,
          in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, and, with the
          sole exception of those rights and power conferred under the above
          ARTICLES IV AND V, all rights and powers conferred upon stockholders,
          directors and officers herein are granted subject to this
          reservation."

     3.   The foregoing Amendment of the Articles of Incorporation was duly
          adopted by the shareholders and the Board of Directors of the
          Corporation in accordance with the provisions of Sections 78.385 and
          78.390 of the Nevada Corporations Code.

          Each of us further declares under penalty of perjury under the laws of
the State of Nevada that the matters set forth in this certificate are true and
correct of his own knowledge.

          March 6, 2001.

                                             -------------------------------
                                             Douglas P. Haffer, President

                                             --------------------------------
                                             Harry Kraatz, Secretary

                                      -2-CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO

                        THE ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF

                    WORLD WIDE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

        We, the undersigned do hereby certify as follows:

     1. We are President and Secretary, respectively of World Wide Wireless
Communications, Inc., a Nevada Corporation.

     2. Article 3 of the Articles of Incorporation of this corporation is hereby
amended to read as follows:

          The corporation is authorized to issue two classes of shares
designated respectively as "Common Stock" and "Preferred Stock". This
corporation is authorized to issue three hundred (300) million shares of Common
Stock with a $ .001 par value and ten (10) million shares of Preferred Stock
with a $.001 par value .

          The Preferred Stock may be divided into such number of series, as the
board of directors may determine. The board of directors is authorized to
determine and alter the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions
granted to or imposed upon any wholly unissued series of Preferred Stock, and to
fix the number of shares and the designation of any series of Preferred Stock.
The board of directors may, within the limits stated in any resolution or
resolutions of the board of directors originally fixing the number of shares
constituting any series, increase or decrease (but not below the number of
shares of such series then outstanding) the number of shares of any series
subsequent to the issue of shares of that series.

     3. The foregoing amendment was duly approved by a resolution of the Board
of Directors.

     4. The foregoing amendment was duly approved by a majority of the
corporation's shares outstanding and entitled to vote as of the record date, and
in accordance with Section 78.830 of the Nevada Corporations Code.

[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE WAS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

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<PAGE>

          The undersigned declares under penalty of perjury under the laws of
the State of Nevada that the matters set forth in this certificate are true and
correct of his own knowledge.

          March 7, 2001

          ------------------------
          Douglas Haffer, President

          ------------------------
          Harry Kraatz, Secretary

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOR CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT EFFECTUATING NAME CHANGE]

                                      -2-BY LAWS

                                       OF

                    WORLD WIDE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

                               ARTICLE I. OFFICERS

         The principal office of the Corporation shall be located in Oakland,
California, County of Alameda. The Corporation may have such offices, either
within or without the State of California, as the Board of Directors may
designate or as the business of the Corporation may require from time to time.

                            ARTICLE II. SHAREHOLDERS

         SECTION 1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the shareholders shall
be held on the 15th day of the month of January in each year, beginning with the
year 1996, at the hour of 10:00 a.m., for the purpose of electing Directors and
for the transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting. If
the day fixed for the annual meeting shall be a legal holiday in the State of
California, such meeting shall be held on the next succeeding business day. If
the election of Directors shall not be held on the day designated herein for any
annual meeting of the shareholders, or at any adjournment thereof, the Board of
Directors shall cause the election to be held at a special meeting of the
shareholders as soon thereafter as conveniently may be.

         SECTION 2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the shareholders, for
any purpose, unless otherwise prescribed by statute, may be called by the
President of the Board of Directors, and shall be called by the President at the
request of the holders of not less than twenty-five percent (25%) of all
outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote at the meeting.

         SECTION 3. Place of the Meeting. The Board of Directors may designate
any place, either within or without the State of California, unless otherwise
prescribed by statute, as the place of meeting for any annual meeting or for any
special meeting. A waiver of notice signed by all shareholders entitled to vote
at a meeting may designate any place, either within or without the State of
California, unless otherwise prescribed by statute, as the place for the holding
of such meeting. If no designation is made, the place of the meeting shall be
the principal office of the Corporation.

         SECTION 4. Notice of Meeting. Written notice stating the place, day and
hour of the meeting and, in case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes
of which the meeting is called, shall unless otherwise prescribed by statute, be
delivered not less than 15 days nor more

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than 45 days before the date of the meeting, to each shareholder of record
entitled to vote at such meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be
delivered when deposited in the United States mail, addressed to the shareholder
at his address as it appears on the stock transfer book of the corporation, with
postage thereon prepaid.

         SECTION 5. Closing of Transfer Books of Fixing of Record. For the
purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any
meeting of shareholders of any adjournment thereof, of shareholders entitled to
receive payment of any dividend, or in order to make a determination of
shareholders for any other proper purpose, the Board of Directors of the
Corporation may provide that the stock transfer books shall be closed for a
stated period, but not to exceed in any case fifty days. If the stock transfer
books shall be closed for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to
notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders, such books shall be closed
for at least 45 days immediately preceding such meeting. In lieu of closing the
stock transfer books, the Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as the
record date for any such determination of shareholders, such date in any case to
be not more than 60 days and, in particular action requiring such determination
of shareholders is to be taken. If the stock transfer books are not closed and
no record date is fixed for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice
of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders, or shareholders entitled to receive
payment of a dividend, the date on which notice of the meeting is mailed of the
date on which the resolution of the Board of Directors declaring such dividend
is adopted, as the case my be, shall be the record date for such determination
of shareholders. When a determination of shareholders entitled to vote at any
meeting of shareholders has been made as provided in this section, such
determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof.

         SECTION 6. Voting List. The officer or agent having charge of the stock
transfer books for shares of the corporation shall make a complete list of the
shareholders entitled to vote at each meeting of shareholders or any adjournment
thereof, arranged in alphabetical order, with the address of and the number of
shares held by each. Such list shall be produced and kept open at the time and
place of the meeting and shall be subject to the inspection of any shareholder
during the whole time of the meeting for the purpose thereof.

         SECTION 7. Quorum. A majority of the outstanding shares of the
corporation entitled to vote, represented in person or proxy, shall constitute a
quorum at a meeting of shareholders. If less than a majority of the outstanding
shares are represented at a meeting, a majority of the shares so represented may
adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice. At such adjourned
meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be
transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally
noticed. The shareholders present at a duly organized meeting may continue to
transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough
shareholders to leave less than a quorum.

         SECTION 8. Proxies. At all meetings of shareholders, a shareholder may
vote in person or by proxy executed in wiring by the shareholder or by his or
her duly authorized attorney-in-fact. Such proxy shall be filed with the
secretary of the Corporation before or at the time of the meeting. A meeting of
the Board of Directors may be had by means of a

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telephone conference or similar communication equipment by which all persons
participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting
under such circumstances shall constitute presence at the meeting.

         SECTION 9. Voting of Shares. Each outstanding share entitled to vote
shall be entitled to one vote upon each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting
of shareholders.

         SECTION 10. Voting of Shares by Certain Holders. Shares standing in the
name of another corporation may be voted by such officer, agent or proxy as the
Bylaws of such Corporation may prescribe or, in the absence of such provision,
as the Board of Directors of such Corporation may determine.

         Shares held by an administrator, executor, guardian or conservator may
be voted by him either in person or by proxy, without a transfer of such shares
into his name. Shares standing in the name of a trustee may be voted by him,
either in person or by proxy, but no trustee shall be entitled to vote share
held by him without a transfer of such shares into his name.

         Shares standing in the name of a receiver may be voted by such
receiver, and shares held by or under the control of a receiver may be voted by
such receiver without the transfer thereof into his name, if authority to do so
be contained in an appropriate order of the court by which receiver was
appointed.

         A shareholder whose shares are pledged shall be entitled to vote such
shares until the shares have been transferred into the name of the pledgee, and
thereafter the pledgee shall be entitled to vote the shares so transferred.

         Shares of its own stock belonging to the Corporation shall not be voted
directly or indirectly, at any meeting, and shall not be counted in determining
the total number of outstanding shares at any given time.

         SECTION 11. Informal Action by Shareholders. Unless otherwise provided
by law, any action required to be taken at a meeting of the shareholders, or any
other action which may be taken at a meeting of the shareholders, may be taken
without a meeting if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken,
shall be signed by shareholders owning sufficient shares required to pass the
action, which in no case shall be less than a majority of the outstanding
shares.

                         ARTICLE III. BOARD OF DIRECTORS

         SECTION 1. General Powers.  The business and affairs of the Corporation
shall be managed by its Board of Directors.

         SECTION 2. Number, Tenure and Qualifications. The number of Directors
of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors, but in no event
shall be less than one (1)

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<PAGE>

of more than fifteen (15). Each Director shall hold office until the next annual
meeting of shareholders and until his successor shall have been elected and
qualified.

         SECTION 3. Regular Meetings. A regular meeting of the Board of
Directors shall be held without other notice than this Bylaw immediately after,
and at he same place as, the annual meeting of shareholders. The Board of
Directors may provide, by resolution, the time and place for the holding of
additional regular meetings without notice other than such resolution.

         SECTION 4. Special Meetings. Special Meetings of the Board of Directors
may be called by or at the request of the President or any two Directors. The
person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the Board of Directors
may fix the place for holding any special meeting of the Board of Directors
called by them and may determine whether the meeting shall be conducted
telephonically or in person.

         SECTION 5. Notice. Notice of any special meeting shall be given at
least one (1) day previous thereto by written notice delivered personally or
mailed to each Director at his business address, or by telegram. If mailed, such
notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States Mail
so addressed, with postage thereon prepaid. If notice be given by telegram, such
notice shall be deemed to be delivered when the telegram is delivered to the
telegraph company. Any Directors may waive notice of any meeting. The Attendance
of a Director at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting,
except where a Director attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting
to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened.

         SECTION 6. Quorum. A majority of the number of Directors fixed by
Section 2 of this Article III shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, but if less than such
majority is present at a meeting, a majority of the Directors present may
adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice.

         SECTION 7. Manner of Acting. The act of the majority of the Directors
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board
of Directors.

         SECTION 8. Action Without a Meeting. Any action that may be taken by
the Board of Directors at a meeting may be taken without a meeting if consent in
writing, setting forth the action so to be taken, shall be signed before such
action by all of the Directors.

         SECTION 9. Vacancies. Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors
may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining Directors
though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, unless otherwise provided
by law. A Director elected to fill a vacancy shall be elected for the unexpired
term of his predecessor in office. Any Directorship to be filled by reason of an
increase in the number of Directors may be filled by election by the Board of
Directors for a term of office continuing only until the next election of
Directors by the shareholders.

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<PAGE>

         SECTION 10. Compensation. By resolution of the Board of Directors, each
Director may be paid his expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the
Board of Directors, and may be paid a stated salary as Director a fixed sum of
attendance each meeting of the Board of Directors or both. No such payment shall
preclude any Director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and
receiving compensation thereof.

         SECTION 11. Presumption of Assent. A Director of the Corporation who is
present at a meeting of the Board of Directors at which action on any corporate
matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken unless
his dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless he shall
file his written dissent to such action with the person acting as the Secretary
of the meeting before the adjournment thereof, or shall forward such dissent by
registered mail to the Secretary of the Corporation immediately after the
adjournment of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to a Director
who voted in favor of such action.

                              ARTICLE IV: OFFICERS

         SECTION 1. Number. The Officers of the Corporation shall be a
President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer, each of
whom shall be elected by the Board of Directors. Such other officers and
assistant officers as may be deemed necessary may be elected or appointed by the
Board of Directors, including a Chairman of the Board. In its discretion, the
Board of Directors may leave unfilled for any such period as it may determine
any office except those of President and Secretary. Any two or more offices may
beheld by the same person, except for the offices of President and Secretary
which may not be held by the same person. Officers may be Directors or
shareholders of the Corporation.

         SECTION 2. Election and term of Officer. The officers of the
Corporation to be elected by the Board of Directors shall be elected annually by
the Board of Directors at the first meeting of the Board of Directors held after
each annual meeting of the shareholders. If the election of officers shall not
be held at such meeting, such election shall be held as soon thereafter as
conveniently may be. Each officer shall hold office until his successor shall
have been duly elected and shall have qualified, or until his employment with
the Corporation has terminated.

         SECTION 3. Removal. Any officer or agent may be removed by the Board of
Directors whenever, in its judgment, the best interests of the Corporation will
be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract
rights, if any, ofd the person so removed. Election or appointment of an officer
or agent shall not of itself create contract rights, and such appointment shall
be terminable at will.

         SECTION 4. Vacancies. A vacancy in any office because of death,
resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise, may be filled by the Board
of Directors for the unexpired portion of the term.

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         SECTION 5. President. The President shall be the principal executive
officer of the Corporation and, subject to the control of the Board of
Directors, shall in general supervise and control all of the business and
affairs of the Corporation. He shall, when present, preside at all meetings of
the shareholders and of the Board of Directors, unless there is a Chairman of
the Board, in which case the Chairman shall preside. He may sign, with the
Secretary or any other proper officer of the Corporation thereunto authorized by
the Board of Directors, certificates for shares of the Corporation, any deeds,
mortgages, bonds, contracts, or other instruments which the Board of Directors
has authorized to be executed, except in cases where the signing and execution
thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or by these
Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation, or shall be required
by law to be otherwise signed or executed; and in general shall perform all
duties incident to the office of the President and such other duties as may be
prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time.

         SECTION 6. The Vice President. In the absence of the President or in
the event of his death, inability or refusal to act, the Vice President shall
perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the
powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. The Vice
President shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned
to him by the President of the Board of Director. If there is more than one Vice
President, each Vice President shall succeed to the duties of the President in
order of rank as determined by the Board of Director. If no rank has been
determined, then each Vice President shall succeed to the duties of the
President in order of date of election, the earliest date having the first rank.

         SECTION 7. Secretary. The Secretary shall: (a) keep the minutes of the
proceedings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors in one or more
minute books provided for that purpose; (b) see that all notices are duly given
in accordance with the provisions of the Bylaws or required by law; (c) be
custodian of the corporate records and of the seal of the Corporation and see
that the seal of the Corporation is affixed to all documents, the execution of
which on behalf of the Corporation under its seal is duly authorized; (d) keep a
register of the post office address of each shareholder which shall be furnished
to the Secretary by such shareholder; (e) sign with the President certificates
of shares of the Corporation, the issuance of which shall have been authorized
by resolution of the Board of Directors; (f) have general charge of the stock
transfer books of the Corporation; and (g) in general perform all duties
incident to the office of the Secretary and such other duties as from time to
time may be assigned him by the President or by the Board of Directors.

         SECTION 8. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall: (a) have charge and custody
of and be responsible for all funds and securities of the Corporation; (b)
receive and give receipts for money due and payable to the Corporation from any
source whatsoever, and deposit all such monies in the name of the Corporation in
such banks, trust companies or other depositories as shall be selected in
accordance with the provisions of Article VI of these Bylaws; and (c) in general
perform all of the duties as from time tot time may be assigned to him by the
President or by the Board of Directors. If required by the Board of Directors,
the Treasurer shall give a

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bond for the faithful discharge of his duties in such sum and with such sureties
as the Board of Directors shall determine.

         SECTION 9. The salaries of the officers shall be fixed from time to
time by the Board of Directors, and no officer shall be prevented from receiving
such salary by reason of the fact that he is also a Director of the Corporation.

                              ARTICLE V: INDEMNITY

         The Corporation shall indemnify its Directors, officers and employees
as follows:

     A. Every Director, officer, or employee of the Corporation shall be
indemnified by the Corporation against all expenses and liabilities, including
counsel fees, reasonably incurred by or imposed upon him in connection with any
proceeding to which he may become involved, by reason of his being or having
been a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was
serving at the request of the Corporation as a Director, officer, employee or
agent of the corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or enterprise, or
any settlement thereof, whether or not he is a Director, officer, employee or
agent at the time such expenses are incurred, except in such cases wherein the
Director, officer, or employee is adjudged guilty of willful misfeasance or
malfeasance in the performance of his duties; provided that in the event of a
settlement the indemnification herein shall apply only when the Board of
Directors approves such settlement and reimbursement as being for the best
interest of the Corporation. B. The Corporation shall provide to any person who
is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Corporation or is or
was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee,
or agent of the corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or enterprise,
the indemnity against expenses of suit, litigation or other proceedings which is
specifically permissible under applicable law. C. The Board of Directors may, in
its discretion, direct the purchase of liability insurance by way of
implementing the provisions of this Article V.

               ARTICLE VI: CONTRACTS, LOANS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS

         SECTION 1. Contracts. The Board of Directors may authorize any officer
of officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver
any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, and such
authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

         SECTION  2.  Loans.  Noloans shall be contracted on behalf of the
Corporation and no evidences of indebtedness shall be issued in its name unless
authorized by a

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resolution of the Board of Directors. Such authority may be general or confined
to specific instances.

         SECTION 3. Checks, Drafts, Etc. All checks, drafts or other orders for
the payment of money, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the
name of the Corporation, shall be signed by such officers or officers, agent or
agents of the Corporation and in such manner as shall from time to time be
determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

         SECTION 4. Deposits. All funds of the Corporation not otherwise
employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation
in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the Board of Directors
may select.

             ARTICLE VII: CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER

         SECTION 1. Certificates for Shares. Certificates representing shares of
the Corporation shall be in form as shall be determined by the Board of
Directors. Such certificates shall be signed by the P resident and by the
Secretary or by such other officers authorized by law and by the Board of
Directors so to do, and sealed with the corporate seal. All certificates for
shares shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise indemnified The name and
address of the person to whom the shares represented thereby are issued, with
the number of shares and date of issue, shall be entered on the stock transfer
books of the Corporation. All certificates surrendered to the Corporation for
transfer shall be canceled and no new certificates shall be issued until the
former certificates for a like number of shares shall have been surrendered and
canceled, except that in case of a lost, destroyed or mutilated certificate a
new one may be issued therefore upon such terms and indemnity to the Corporation
as the Board of Directors may prescribe.

         SECTION 2. Transfer of Shares. Transfer of shares of the Corporation
shall be made only on the stock transfer books of the Corporation by the holder
of record thereof or by his legal representative, who shall furnish proper
evidence of authority to transfer, or by his attorney thereunto authorized by
power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary of the Corporation,
and on surrender for cancellation of the certificate for such shares. The person
on whose name shares stand on the books of the Corporation shall be deemed by
the Corporation to be the owner thereof for all purposes. Provided, however,
that upon any action undertaken by the shareholders to elect S Corporation
Status pursuant to Section 1362 of the Internal Revenue Code and upon any
shareholders agreement thereto restricting the transfer of said shares so as to
disqualify said S Corporation Status, said restriction or transfer shall be made
a part of the Bylaws so long as said agreement is in force and effect.

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<PAGE>

                            ARTICLE VIII: FISCAL YEAR

         The fiscal year of the Corporation shall begin on the 1st day of
October and end on the 30st day of September of each year.

                              ARTICLE IX: DIVIDENDS

         The Board of Directors may from time to time declare, and the
Corporation may pay, d dividends on its outstanding shares in the manner and
upon the terms and conditions provided by law and its Articles of Incorporation.

                            ARTICLE X: CORPORATE SEAL

         The Board of Directors shall provide a corporate seal which shall be
circular in form and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation
and the State of the incorporation and the words, "Corporate Seal."

                          ARTICLE XI: WAIVER OF NOTICE

         Unless otherwise provided by law, whenever any notice is required to be
given to any shareholder or director of the Corporation under the provisions of
these Bylaws or under the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation or under
the provisions of the applicable Business Corporation Act, a waiver thereof in
writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before
or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of
such notice.

                             ARTICLE XII: AMENDMENTS

         These Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed and new Bylaws may be
adopted by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting of the Board
of Directors.

         The above Bylaws are certified to have been adopted by the Board of
Directors of the Corporation on the 3rd day of December, 1999.

                                           --------------------------------
                                           Douglas P. Haffer, President

                                       9

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