Document:

<Page>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            KEY ENERGY SERVICES, INC.

                                       AND

                                    [TRUSTEE],

                                     TRUSTEE

                           --------------------------

                                    INDENTURE

                                   DATED AS OF

                         -----------------------, -----

                                 DEBT SECURITIES
                                  (SENIOR DEBT)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<Page>

                                      Key Energy Services, Inc.

                      Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939
                          and Indenture, dated as of _________________, ____

                               ----------------------------------------

<Table>
<Caption>

Section of
Trust Indenture                                                                                       Section(s) of
Act of 1939                                                                                             Indenture
-----------                                                                                             ---------
<S>                                                                                                   <C>
Section 310   (a)(1)...............................................................................      609
              (a)(2)...............................................................................      609
              (a)(3)...............................................................................      Not Applicable
              (a)(4)...............................................................................      Not Applicable
              (b)..................................................................................      608, 610
Section 311   (a)..................................................................................      613
              (b)..................................................................................      613
              (c)..................................................................................      Not Applicable
Section 312   (a)..................................................................................      701, 702(a)
              (b)..................................................................................      702(b)
              (c)..................................................................................      702(c)
Section 313   (a)..................................................................................      703(a)
              (b)..................................................................................      703(b)
              (c)..................................................................................      703(c)
              (d)..................................................................................      703(d)
Section 314   (a)..................................................................................      704, 1005
              (b)..................................................................................      Not Applicable
              (c)(1)...............................................................................      103
              (c)(2)...............................................................................      103
              (c)(3)...............................................................................      Not Applicable
              (d)..................................................................................      Not Applicable
              (e)..................................................................................      103
Section 315   (a)..................................................................................      601(a)
              (b)..................................................................................      602
              (c)..................................................................................      601(b)
              (d)..................................................................................      601(c)
              (d)(1)...............................................................................      601(a)(1)
              (d)(2)...............................................................................      601(c)(2)
              (d)(3)...............................................................................      601(c)(3)
              (e)..................................................................................      513
Section 316   (a)(1)(A)............................................................................      502, 511
              (a)(1)(B)............................................................................      512
              (a)(2)...............................................................................      Not Applicable
              (a)(last sentence)...................................................................      101
              (b)..................................................................................      508
Section 317   (a)(1)...............................................................................      503
              (a)(2)...............................................................................      504
              (b)..................................................................................      1003
Section 318   (a)..................................................................................      108

---------------------

Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.

</Table>

<Page>

                                                 TABLE OF CONTENTS

<Table>
<Caption>

                                                                                                               PAGE
                                                                                                               ----
<S>      <C>                                                                                                   <C>
RECITALS OF THE COMPANY...........................................................................................1

                                                    ARTICLE ONE

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS
OF GENERAL APPLICATION

SECTION 101.  DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................1
         Act......................................................................................................2
         Additional Amounts.......................................................................................2
         Affiliate................................................................................................2
         Agent Members............................................................................................2
         Authenticating Agent.....................................................................................2
         Authorized Newspaper.....................................................................................2
         Board of Directors.......................................................................................2
         Board Resolution.........................................................................................2
         Business Day.............................................................................................2
         Commission...............................................................................................3
         Company..................................................................................................3
         Company Request and Company Order........................................................................3
         Conversion Event.........................................................................................3
         Corporate Trust Office...................................................................................3
         Defaulted Interest.......................................................................................3
         Depositary...............................................................................................3
         Dollar...................................................................................................3
         Event of Default.........................................................................................3
         Exchange Rate............................................................................................3
         Holder...................................................................................................3
         Indenture................................................................................................3
         interest.................................................................................................4
         Interest Payment Date....................................................................................4
         Judgment Currency........................................................................................4
         Maturity.................................................................................................4
         Officers' Certificate....................................................................................4
         Opinion of Counsel.......................................................................................4
         Original Issue Discount Security.........................................................................4
         Outstanding..............................................................................................4
         Paying Agent.............................................................................................5
         Person...................................................................................................5
         Place of Payment.........................................................................................5

                                                         i

<Page>

                                                                                                               PAGE
                                                                                                               ----

         Predecessor Security.....................................................................................5
         Redemption Date..........................................................................................5
         Redemption Price.........................................................................................6
         Regular Record Date......................................................................................6
         Required Currency........................................................................................6
         Responsible Officer......................................................................................6
         Securities...............................................................................................6
         Security Custodian.......................................................................................6
         Security Register........................................................................................6
         Special Record Date......................................................................................6
         Stated Maturity..........................................................................................6
         Subsidiary...............................................................................................6
         Trustee..................................................................................................7
         Trust Indenture Act......................................................................................7
         United States............................................................................................7
         United States Alien......................................................................................7
         U.S. Government Obligations..............................................................................7
         Wholly Owned Subsidiary..................................................................................7
         Yield to Maturity........................................................................................7
SECTION 102.  INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF TRUST INDENTURE ACT...................................................7
SECTION 103.  COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS................................................................8
SECTION 104.  FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE..............................................................9
SECTION 105.  ACTS OF HOLDERS; RECORD DATES.......................................................................9
SECTION 106.  NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY..............................................................10
SECTION 107.  NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER OF NOTICE................................................................11
SECTION 108.  CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT..................................................................11
SECTION 109.  EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................11
SECTION 110.  SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS.............................................................................11
SECTION 111.  SEPARABILITY CLAUSE................................................................................12
SECTION 112.  BENEFITS OF INDENTURE..............................................................................12
SECTION 113.  GOVERNING LAW......................................................................................12
SECTION 114.  LEGAL HOLIDAYS.....................................................................................12
SECTION 115.  CORPORATE OBLIGATION...............................................................................12

                                                    ARTICLE TWO

SECURITY FORMS

SECTION 201.  FORMS GENERALLY....................................................................................13
SECTION 202.  FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION....................................................13
SECTION 203.  SECURITIES IN GLOBAL FORM..........................................................................13

                                                        ii

<Page>

                                                                                                               PAGE
                                                                                                               ----

                                                   ARTICLE THREE

THE SECURITIES

SECTION 301.  AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES...............................................................16
SECTION 302.  DENOMINATIONS......................................................................................19
SECTION 303.  EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING.....................................................19
SECTION 304.  TEMPORARY SECURITIES...............................................................................21
SECTION 305.  REGISTRATION, REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE................................................21
SECTION 306.  MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES...................................................22
SECTION 307.  PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED.....................................................23
SECTION 308.  PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS..............................................................................24
SECTION 309.  CANCELLATION.......................................................................................24
SECTION 310.  COMPUTATION OF INTEREST............................................................................25
SECTION 311.  CUSIP NUMBERS......................................................................................25

                                                   ARTICLE FOUR

SATISFACTION, DISCHARGE AND DEFEASANCE

SECTION 401.  SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE............................................................25
SECTION 402.  APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY.........................................................................27
SECTION 403.  DISCHARGE OF LIABILITY ON SECURITIES OF ANY SERIES.................................................27
SECTION 404.  APPLICABILITY OF DEFEASANCE PROVISIONS; COMPANY'S OPTION TO EFFECT DEFEASANCE
              OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.............................................................................28
SECTION 405.  DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE...........................................................................28
SECTION 406.  COVENANT DEFEASANCE................................................................................29
SECTION 407.  CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE....................................................29
SECTION 408.  DEPOSITED MONEY AND GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.....................................31
SECTION 409.  REPAYMENT TO COMPANY...............................................................................31
SECTION 410.  INDEMNITY FOR GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS...............................................................31
SECTION 411.  REINSTATEMENT......................................................................................31

                                                   ARTICLE FIVE

REMEDIES

SECTION 501.  EVENTS OF DEFAULT..................................................................................32
SECTION 502.  ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT.................................................34
SECTION 503.  COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE....................................35
SECTION 504.  TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM...................................................................36
SECTION 505.  TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF SECURITIES OR COUPONS.............................36

                                                       iii

<Page>

                                                                                                               PAGE
                                                                                                               ----

SECTION 506.  APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED.....................................................................37
SECTION 507.  LIMITATION ON SUITS................................................................................37
SECTION 508.  UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PRINCIPAL PREMIUM AND INTEREST...........................38
SECTION 509.  RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.................................................................38
SECTION 510.  RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE.....................................................................38
SECTION 511.  DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.......................................................................39
SECTION 512.  CONTROL BY HOLDERS.................................................................................39
SECTION 513.  WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS............................................................................39
SECTION 514.  UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS..............................................................................40
SECTION 515.  WAIVER OF STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS...................................................................40

                                                    ARTICLE SIX

THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 601.  CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES................................................................40
SECTION 602.  NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.................................................................................42
SECTION 603.  CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE..........................................................................42
SECTION 604.  NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES.............................................43
SECTION 605.  MAY HOLD SECURITIES................................................................................43
SECTION 606.  MONEY HELD IN TRUST................................................................................43
SECTION 607.  COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT.....................................................................43
SECTION 608.  DISQUALIFICATION; CONFLICTING INTERESTS............................................................44
SECTION 609.  CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY............................................................45
SECTION 610.  RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR..................................................45
SECTION 611.  ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR.............................................................46
SECTION 612.  MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS........................................47
SECTION 613.  PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY..................................................48
SECTION 614.  APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT................................................................48

                                                   ARTICLE SEVEN

HOLDER'S LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

SECTION 701.  COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS..........................................50
SECTION 702.  PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS TO HOLDERS.............................................50
SECTION 703.  REPORTS BY TRUSTEE.................................................................................51
SECTION 704.  REPORTS BY COMPANY.................................................................................51

                                                        iv

<Page>

                                                                                                               PAGE
                                                                                                               ----

                                                   ARTICLE EIGHT

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

SECTION 801.  COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN TERMS...............................................52
SECTION 802.  SUCCESSOR PERSON SUBSTITUTED.......................................................................52

                                                   ARTICLE NINE

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 901.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS.................................................53
SECTION 902.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS....................................................54
SECTION 903.  EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES...............................................................55
SECTION 904.  EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES..................................................................55
SECTION 905.  CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT................................................................55
SECTION 906.  REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.................................................55

                                                    ARTICLE TEN

COVENANTS

SECTION 1001.  PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST........................................................56
SECTION 1002.  MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY...................................................................56
SECTION 1003.  MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.................................................56
SECTION 1004.  EXISTENCE.........................................................................................58
SECTION 1005.  STATEMENT BY OFFICERS AS TO DEFAULT...............................................................58
SECTION 1006.  WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS.......................................................................58
SECTION 1007.  ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS................................................................................58

                                                  ARTICLE ELEVEN

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1101.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE..........................................................................59
SECTION 1102.  ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE.............................................................59
SECTION 1103.  SELECTION BY TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED.................................................60
SECTION 1104.  NOTICE OF REDEMPTION..............................................................................60
SECTION 1105.  DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE.......................................................................61
SECTION 1106.  SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE.............................................................61
SECTION 1107.  SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART.......................................................................61
SECTION 1108.  PURCHASE OF SECURITIES............................................................................62

                                                         v

<Page>

                                                                                                               PAGE
                                                                                                               ----

                                                  ARTICLE TWELVE

SINKING FUNDS

SECTION 1201.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE..........................................................................62
SECTION 1202.  SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES.............................................62
SECTION 1203.  REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND.........................................................63

                                                 ARTICLE THIRTEEN

MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1301.  PURPOSES FOR WHICH MEETINGS MAY BE CALLED.........................................................63
SECTION 1302.  CALL, NOTICE AND PLACE OF MEETINGS................................................................63
SECTION 1303.  PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AT MEETINGS..............................................................64
SECTION 1304.  QUORUM; ACTION....................................................................................64
SECTION 1305.  DETERMINATION OF VOTING RIGHTS; CONDUCT AND ADJOURNMENT OF MEETINGS...............................65
SECTION 1306.  COUNTING VOTES AND RECORDING ACTION OF MEETINGS...................................................65

</Table>

                                                        vi

<Page>

                  INDENTURE, dated as of _______________, _____, between KEY
ENERGY SERVICES, INC., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws
of the State of Maryland (herein called the "Company"), having its principal
office at 400 South River Road, New Hope, Pennsylvania 18938, and [TRUSTEE], a
national banking association, as Trustee (herein called the "Trustee"), the
office of the Trustee at which at the date hereof its corporate trust business
is principally administered being [TRUSTEE ADDRESS].

                               RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

                  The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of
this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its debentures,
notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the "Securities"), to be
issued in one or more series as in this Indenture provided.

                  This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated
thereunder that are required to be part of this Indenture and, to the extent
applicable, shall be governed by such provisions.

                  All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement
of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

                  NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

                  For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of
the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for
the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of
series thereof, as follows:

                                   ARTICLE ONE

                          DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS
                               OF GENERAL APPLICATION

SECTION 101.  DEFINITIONS.

                  For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise
expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

                  (1)      the terms defined in this Article have the meanings
         assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the
         singular;

                  (2)      all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein
         have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally
         accepted accounting principles in the United States, and, except as
         otherwise herein expressly provided, the term "generally accepted
         accounting principles" with respect to any computation required or
         permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles as are
         generally accepted in the United States at the date of such
         computation;

<Page>

                  (3)      the words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and
         other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and
         not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; and

                  (4)      Certain terms, used principally in Article Six, are
         defined in Section 102.

                  "Act," when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning
specified in Section 105.

                  "Additional Amounts" means any additional amounts that are
required by the express terms of a Security or by or pursuant to a Board
Resolution, under circumstances specified therein or pursuant thereto, to be
paid by the Company with respect to certain taxes, assessments or other
governmental charges imposed on certain Holders and that are owing to such
Holders.

                  "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect
common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise;
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the
foregoing.

                  "Agent Members" has the meaning specified in Section 203.

                  "Authenticating Agent" means any Person, which may include the
Company, authorized by the Trustee to act on behalf of the Trustee pursuant to
Section 614 to authenticate Securities of one or more series.

                  "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper, in the English
language or in an official language of the country of publication, customarily
published on each Business Day, whether or not published on Saturdays, Sundays
or holidays, and of general circulation in the place in connection with which
the term is used or in the financial community of such place. Where successive
publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive
publications may be made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city
meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any Business Day.

                  "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11 of the United States Code or
any similar federal, state or foreign law for the relief of debtors.

                  "Board of Directors" means either the board of directors of
the Company or any duly authorized committee of that board.

                  "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted
by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

                                       2
<Page>

                  "Business Day," when used with respect to any Place of
Payment, means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not
a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or
obligated by law or executive order to close.

                  "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission
created under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as from time to
time constituted, or, if at any time after the execution of this instrument such
Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under
the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.

                  "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first
paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Person shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor Person.

                  "Company Request" and "Company Order" mean, respectively, a
written request or order signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of
the Board, its President or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant
Treasurer, its Controller, an Assistant Controller, its Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee.

                  "Conversion Event" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

                  "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal office of the
Trustee in [TRUSTEE'S CITY AND STATE] at which at any particular time its
corporate trust business shall be principally administered, which office at the
date hereof is that indicated in the introductory paragraph of this Indenture.

                  "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

                  "Depositary" means, with respect to the Securities of any
series issuable or issued in whole or in part in global form, the Person
designated as Depositary by the Company pursuant to Section 301 with respect to
the Securities of such series until a successor Depositary shall have become
such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Depositary" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Depositary
hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, "Depositary"
as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean each such
Person.

                  "Dollar" or "$" means a dollar or other equivalent unit in
such coin or currency of the United States as at the time shall be legal tender
for the payment of public and private debts.

                  "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

                  "Exchange Rate" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

                  "Holder," when used with respect to any Security, means the
Person in whose name the Security is registered in the Security Register.

                                       3
<Page>

                  "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed or as
it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof
and shall include the terms of a particular series of Securities established as
contemplated by Section 301 and the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that
are deemed to be a part of and govern this instrument.

                  "interest," when used with respect to an Original Issue
Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means
interest payable after Maturity.

                  "Interest Payment Date," when used with respect to any
Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such
Security.

                  "Judgment Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 506.

                  "Maturity," when used with respect to any Security, means the
date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal
becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated
Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

                  "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the
Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer,
the Controller, the Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer, Assistant Controller or
Assistant Secretary, of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee, which
certificate shall comply with Section 103 hereof.

                  "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who
may be counsel for or an employee of the Company, rendered, if applicable, in
accordance with Section 314(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, which opinion shall
comply with Section 103 hereof.

                  "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which
provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and
payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
Section 502.

                  "Outstanding," when used with respect to Securities of a
series, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities of such series
theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, EXCEPT:

                  (i)      Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or
         delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

                  (ii)     Securities for whose payment or redemption money in
         the necessary amount has been theretofore irrevocably deposited with
         the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or
         set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall
         act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities;
         PROVIDED that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such
         redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision
         therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; and

                                       4
<Page>

                  (iii)    Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section
         306 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been
         authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any
         such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to
         the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a
         bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid
         obligations of the Company;

PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, or whether a
quorum is present at a meeting of Holders of Securities, (a) the principal
amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed to be
Outstanding for such purposes shall be the principal amount thereof that would
be due and payable as of the date of such determination if the Maturity thereof
were accelerated on such date pursuant to Section 502, (b) the principal amount
of a Security denominated in a foreign currency shall be the U.S. dollar
equivalent, determined by the Company on the date of original issuance of such
Security, of the principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount
Security, the U.S. dollar equivalent, determined on the date of original
issuance of such Security, of the amount determined as provided in (a) above),
of such Security and (c) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor
upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor
shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in
determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver or upon any
such determination as to the presence of a quorum, only Securities which the
Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which
have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee
establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act
with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any
other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such
other obligor.

                  "Paying Agent" means any Person, which may include the
Company, authorized by the Company to pay the principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest on or Additional Amounts with respect to any one or more series of
Securities on behalf of the Company.

                  "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership,
limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company,
trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political
subdivision thereof, or any other entity of any kind.

                  "Place of Payment," when used with respect to the Securities
of any series, means the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if
any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities
of that series are payable as specified in accordance with Section 301 subject
to the provisions of Section 1002.

                  "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every
previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced
by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any
Security authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in
lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to
evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

                                       5
<Page>

                  "Redemption Date," when used with respect to any Security to
be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to the
terms of the Security and this Indenture.

                  "Redemption Price," when used with respect to any Security to
be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to the terms
of the Security and this Indenture.

                  "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest
Payment Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that
purpose as contemplated by Section 301, or, if not so specified, the last day of
the calendar month preceding such Interest Payment Date if such Interest Payment
Date is the fifteenth day of the calendar month or the fifteenth day of the
calendar month preceding such Interest Payment Date if such Interest Payment
Date is the first day of a calendar month, whether or not such day shall be a
Business Day.

                  "Required Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 506.

                  "Responsible Officer," when used with respect to the Trustee,
means the chairman or any vice chairman of the board of directors, the chairman
or any vice chairman of the executive committee of the board of directors, the
president, any vice president, the secretary, any assistant secretary, any trust
officer or assistant trust officer or any other officer of the Trustee
customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above
designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust
matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his
knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

                  "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital of
this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture.

                  "Security Custodian" means, with respect to Securities of a
series issued in global form, the Trustee for Securities of such series, acting
in its capacity as custodian with respect to the Securities of such series, or
any successor entity thereto, or any other Person designated by such Trustee, or
such successor entity, to act as custodian with respect to the securities of
such series.

                  "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the
respective meanings specified in Section 305.

                  "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted
Interest on the Securities of any series means a date fixed by the Trustee
pursuant to Section 307.

                  "Stated Maturity," when used with respect to any Security or
any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date
specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such
Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

                                       6
<Page>

                  "Subsidiary" means a corporation more than 50% of the
outstanding voting stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the
Company or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more
other Subsidiaries. For the purposes of this definition, "voting stock" means
stock which ordinarily has voting power for the election of directors, whether
at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock has such voting power
by reason of any contingency.

                  "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939,
as amended, as in force at the date as of which this Indenture was executed,
except as provided in Section 905.

                  "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first
paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Trustee shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and
if at any time there is more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with
respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to
Securities of that series.

                  "United States" means the United States of America (including
the states and the District of Columbia) and its "possessions," which include
Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island and the
Northern Mariana Islands.

                  "United States Alien" means any Person who, for United States
federal income tax purposes, is a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien
individual, a non-resident alien or foreign fiduciary of an estate or trust, or
a foreign partnership.

                  "U.S. Government Obligations" has the meaning specified in
Section 401.

                  "Vice President" when used with respect to the Company or the
Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a
word or words added before or after the title "vice president."

                  "Wholly Owned Subsidiary" means a corporation all the
outstanding voting stock or other equity interests (other than any directors'
qualifying shares) of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or
by one or more other Wholly Owned Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or
more other Wholly Owned Subsidiaries. For the purposes of this definition,
"voting stock" means stock which ordinarily has voting power for the election of
directors, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock has
such voting power by reason of any contingency.

                  "Yield to Maturity," when used with respect to any Original
Issue Discount Security, means the yield to maturity, if any, set forth on the
face thereof.

SECTION 102.  INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

                  Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the Trust
Indenture Act, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of
this Indenture. The following Trust Indenture Act terms used in this Indenture
have the following meanings:

                                       7
<Page>

                  "indenture securities" means the Securities.

                  "indenture security holder" means a Holder.

                  "indenture to be qualified" means this Indenture.

                  "indenture trustee" or "institutional trustee" means the
         Trustee.

                  "obligor" on the indenture securities means the Company or
         any other obligor on the Securities.

                  All terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the Trust
Indenture Act, defined by Trust Indenture Act reference to another statute or
defined by a Commission rule under the Trust Indenture Act and not otherwise
defined herein have the meanings assigned to them therein.

SECTION 103.  COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS.

                  Except as otherwise expressly provided by this Indenture, upon
any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action
under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee
an Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any
(including any covenants the compliance with which constitutes a condition
precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have
been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such
counsel all such conditions precedent, if any (including any covenants the
compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent) have been complied
with, except that in the case of any such application or request as to which the
furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this
Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional
certificate or opinion need be furnished.

                  Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include

                  (1)      a statement that each Person signing such certificate
         or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions
         herein relating thereto;

                  (2)      a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
         examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions
         contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

                  (3)      a statement that, in the opinion of each such Person,
         such Person has made such examination or investigation as is necessary
         to enable such Person to express an informed opinion as to whether or
         not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

                  (4)      a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each
         such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

                                       8
<Page>

SECTION 104.  FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE.

                  In any case where several matters are required to be certified
by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that
all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one
such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one
or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify
or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

                  Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be
based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of,
or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are
erroneous. Any such certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as
it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the
information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the
Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should
know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such
matters are erroneous.

                  Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or
more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or
other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated
and form one instrument.

SECTION 105.  ACTS OF HOLDERS; RECORD DATES.

         (a)      Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken
by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of
substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent duly
appointed in writing. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action
shall become effective when such instrument or instruments or record thereof or
both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to
the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record (and the action
embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the
"Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments and so voting at any
such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing
appointing any such agent, or the holding of any Person of a Security, shall be
sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 601)
conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner
provided in this Section. The record of any meeting of Holders of Securities
shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 1306.

                  The Company may set in advance a record date for purposes of
determining the identity of Holders of Securities entitled to vote or consent to
any action by vote or consent authorized or permitted under this Indenture. If a
record date is fixed, those Persons who were Holders of Outstanding Securities
at such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those Persons,
shall be entitled with respect to such Securities to take such action by vote or
consent or to revoke any vote or consent previously given, whether or not such
Persons continue to be

                                       9
<Page>

Holders after such record date. Promptly after any record date is set
pursuant to this paragraph, the Company, at its own expense, shall cause
notice thereof to be given to the Trustee in writing in the manner provided
in Section 106 and to the relevant Holders as set forth in Section 107.

         (b)      The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such
instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such
execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by
law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing
such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such
execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual
capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof
of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or
writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved
in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

         (c)      The principal amount and serial numbers of Securities held by
any Person, and the date of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security
Register.

         (d)      Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every
future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon
the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof
in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or
the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made
upon such Security. Any Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or other Act as to his
Security or portion of his Security; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that such revocation
shall be effective only if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before
the date the Act becomes effective.

SECTION 106.  NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY.

                  Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by
this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

                  (1)      the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or
         filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office,
         Attention: Corporate Trust Administration, or

                  (2)      the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein
         expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage
         prepaid, to the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal
         office specified in the first paragraph of this Indenture or at any
         other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the
         Company, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

                                      10
<Page>

SECTION 107.  NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER OF NOTICE.

                  Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of
Securities of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless
otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class
postage prepaid, to each Holder affected by such event, at the address of such
Holder as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date,
and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such
notice.

                  In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service,
or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice to
Holders of Securities by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the
approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every
purpose hereunder. In any case in which notice to Holders of Securities is given
by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice
so mailed, to any particular Holder of a Security, shall affect the sufficiency
of such notice with respect to other Holders of Securities.

                  Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such
notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice,
either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of
such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but
such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action
taken in reliance upon such waiver.

SECTION 108.  CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

                  If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with
any provision of the Trust Indenture Act or another provision hereof which is
required to be included in this Indenture by any of the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act, such provision of the Trust Indenture Act or such other provision
hereof which is required to be included by any provision of the Trust Indenture
Act shall control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any
provision of the Trust Indenture Act which may be so modified or excluded, the
former provision shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or to
be excluded.

SECTION 109.  EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

                  The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of
Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

SECTION 110.   SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS.

                  All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company
shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

                                      11
<Page>

SECTION 111.  SEPARABILITY CLAUSE.

                  In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities
shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or
impaired thereby.

SECTION 112.  BENEFITS OF INDENTURE.

                  Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or
implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their
successors hereunder, any Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security
Registrar, Security Custodian and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or
equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

SECTION 113.  GOVERNING LAW.

                  This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, but without
giving effect to applicable principles of conflicts of law to the extent the
application of the laws of another jurisdiction would be required thereby.

SECTION 114.  LEGAL HOLIDAYS.

                  In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date
or Stated Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of
Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the
Securities) payment of principal and interest (and premium and Additional
Amounts, if any) need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may
be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the
same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption
Date, or at the Stated Maturity, PROVIDED that no interest shall accrue with
respect to such payment for the period from and after such Interest Payment
Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity, as the case may be.

SECTION 115.  CORPORATE OBLIGATION.

                  No recourse may be taken, directly or indirectly, against any
incorporator, subscriber to the capital stock, stockholder, officer, director or
employee of the Company or the Trustee or of any predecessor or successor of the
Company or the Trustee with respect to the Company's obligations on the
Securities or the obligations of the Company or the Trustee under this Indenture
or any certificate or other writing delivered in connection herewith.

                                      12

<Page>

                                   ARTICLE TWO

                                 SECURITY FORMS

SECTION 201.  FORMS GENERALLY.

                  The Securities of each series shall be in fully registered
form and in substantially such form or forms (including temporary or permanent
global form) as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in
one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate
insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or
permitted by this Indenture and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of
identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be
required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or as may,
consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Securities,
as evidenced by their execution of the Securities. If temporary Securities of
any series are issued in global form as permitted by Section 304, the form
thereof shall be established as provided in the preceding sentence. A copy of
the Board Resolution establishing the form or forms of Securities of any series
(or any such temporary global Security) shall be certified by the Secretary or
an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior
to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 303 for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities (or any such temporary global
Security).

                  The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or
engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all
as determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their
execution thereof.

SECTION 202.  FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION.

                  The Trustee's certificate of authentication shall be in
substantially the following form:

                  "This is one of the Securities of the series designated
therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                       [______________________________________],
                                               AS TRUSTEE

                                          By
                                            --------------------------------
                                                   AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY."

SECTION 203.  SECURITIES IN GLOBAL FORM.

                  If Securities of a series are issuable in global form, as
contemplated by Section 301, then, notwithstanding clause (10) of Section 301
and the provisions of Section 302, any such Security shall represent such of the
Outstanding Securities of such series as shall be specified therein and may
provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities
from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount of Outstanding
Securities represented thereby

                                      13

<Page>

may from time to time be reduced to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of a
Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in
the amount, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby shall be made by the
Trustee in such manner and upon instructions given by such Person or Persons as
shall be specified in such Security or in a Company Order to be delivered to the
Trustee pursuant to Section 303 or Section 304. Subject to the provisions of
Section 303 and, if applicable, Section 304, the Trustee shall deliver and
redeliver any Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon
instructions given by the Person or Persons specified in such Security or in the
applicable Company Order. With respect to the Securities of any series that are
represented by a Security in global form, the Company authorizes the execution
and delivery by the Trustee of a letter of representations or other similar
agreement or instrument in the form customarily provided for by the Depositary
appointed with respect to such global Security. Any Security in global form may
be deposited with the Depositary or its nominee, or may remain in the custody of
the Security Custodian therefor pursuant to a FAST Balance Certificate Agreement
or similar agreement between the Trustee and the Depositary. If a Company Order
pursuant to Section 303 or 304 has been, or simultaneously is, delivered, any
instructions by the Company with respect to endorsement or delivery or
redelivery of a Security in global form shall be in writing but need not comply
with Section 103 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel.

                  Members of, or participants in, the Depositary ("Agent
Members") shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Security
issued in global form held on their behalf by the Depositary, or the Security
Custodian as its custodian, or under such global Security, and the Depositary
may be treated by the Company, the Security Custodian and any agent of the
Company or the Trustee as the absolute owner of such global Security for all
purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the registered holder of
a Security of any series issued in global form may grant proxies and otherwise
authorize any Person, including Agent Members and Persons that may hold
interests through Agent Members, to take any action that a Holder of such series
is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities of such series and
(ii) nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Security Custodian or any
agent of the Company or the Security Custodian, from giving effect to any
written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary
or shall impair, as between the Depositary and its Agent Members, the operation
of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of a beneficial
owner of any Security.

                  Notwithstanding Section 305, except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301, any permanent global Security shall be exchangeable
only as provided in this paragraph. If the beneficial owners of interests in a
permanent global Security are entitled to exchange such interest for Securities
of such series and of like tenor and principal amount of another authorized form
and denomination, as specified as contemplated by Section 301, then without
unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the earliest date on which
such interests may be so exchanged, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee
definitive Securities of that series in an aggregate principal amount equal to
the principal amount of such permanent global Security, executed by the Company.
On or after the earliest date on which such interests may be so exchanged, such
permanent global Security shall be surrendered from time to time in accordance
with instructions given to the Trustee and the Depositary (which instructions
shall be in writing but need not comply with Section 103 or be accompanied by an
Opinion of Counsel) by the Depositary or such other depositary as shall be
specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, as the
Company's agent for such

                                      14

<Page>

purpose, to be exchanged, in whole or in part, for definitive Securities of the
same series without charge and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in
exchange for each portion of such permanent global Security, a like aggregate
principal amount of other definitive Securities of the same series of authorized
denominations and of like tenor as the portion of such permanent global Security
to be exchanged; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such exchanges may occur during a
period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any selection of
Securities of that series is to be redeemed and ending on the relevant
Redemption Date. Promptly following any such exchange in part, such permanent
global Security marked to evidence the partial exchange shall be returned by the
Trustee to the Depositary or such other depositary referred to above in
accordance with the instructions of the Company referred to above. If a
definitive Security is issued in exchange for any portion of a permanent global
Security after the close of business at the office or agency where such exchange
occurs on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such
office or agency on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special
Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the
related proposed date for payment of Defaulted Interest, interest or Defaulted
Interest, as the case may be, will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date
or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Security,
but will be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed for payment, as
the case may be, only to the Person to whom interest in respect of such portion
of such permanent global Security is payable in accordance with the provisions
of this Indenture.

                  Notwithstanding Section 305, except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301, transfers of a Security issued in global form shall
be limited to transfers of such global Security in whole, but not in part, to
the Depositary, its successors or their respective nominees. Interests of
beneficial owners in a Security issued in global form may be transferred in
accordance with the rules and procedures of the Depositary. Securities of any
series shall be transferred to all beneficial owners of a global Security of
such series in exchange for their beneficial interests in that global Security
if, and only if, either (1) the Depositary notifies the Company that it is
unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for the global Security of such
series and a successor Depositary is not appointed by the Company within 90 days
of such notice, (2) an Event of Default has occurred with respect to such series
and is continuing and the Security Registrar has received a request from the
Depositary or the Trustee to issue Securities of such series in lieu of all or a
portion of that global Security (in which case the Company shall deliver
Securities of such series within 30 days of such request) or (3) the Company
determines not to have the Securities of such series represented by a global
Security.

                  In connection with any transfer of a portion of the beneficial
interest in a global Security of any series to beneficial owners pursuant to
this Section 203, the Security Registrar shall reflect on its books and records
the date and a decrease in the principal amount of the global Security of that
series in an amount equal to the principal amount of the beneficial interest in
the global Security of that series to be transferred, and the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication
and delivery of Securities of that series shall authenticate and deliver, one or
more Securities of the same series of like tenor and amount.

                                      15

<Page>

                  In connection with the transfer of all the beneficial
interests in a global Security of any series to beneficial owners pursuant to
this Section 203, the global Security shall be deemed to be surrendered to the
Trustee for cancellation, and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, to each beneficial owner identified by the Depositary
in exchange for its beneficial interest in the global Security, an equal
aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series of authorized
denominations.

                  Neither the Company nor the Trustee will have any
responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to, or
payments made on account of, Securities of any series by the Depositary, or for
maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records of the Depositary relating to
such Securities. Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be liable for any
delay by the related global Security Holder or the Depositary in identifying the
beneficial owners, and each such Person may conclusively rely on, and shall be
protected in relying on, instructions from such global Security Holder or the
Depositary for all purposes (including with respect to the registration and
delivery, and the respective principal amounts, of the Securities to be issued).

                  The provisions of the last sentence of Section 303 shall apply
to any Security in global form if such Security was never issued and sold by the
Company and the Company delivers to the Trustee the Security in global form
together with written instructions (which need not comply with Section 103 and
need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) with regard to the reduction
in the principal amount of Securities represented thereby, together with the
written statement contemplated by the last sentence of Section 303.

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 201 and 307, unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, payment of principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any
Security in permanent global form shall be made to the Person or Persons
specified therein.

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 308 and except as
provided in the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of
the Company or of the Trustee shall treat a Person as the Holder of such
principal amount of Outstanding Securities represented by a global Security as
shall be specified in a written statement, if any, of the Holder of such global
Security, which is produced to the Security Registrar by such Holder.

                  Global Securities may be issued in either temporary or
permanent form. Permanent global Securities will be issued in definitive form.

                                  ARTICLE THREE

                                 THE SECURITIES

SECTION 301.  AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES.

                  The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

                                      16

<Page>

                  The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There
shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an
Officers' Certificate or in a Company Order, or established in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any
series,

                  (1)      the title of the Securities of the series (which
         shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other
         Securities);

                  (2)      any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the
         Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under
         this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon
         registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other
         Securities of the series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906 or
         1107);

                  (3)      whether any Securities of the series are to be
         issuable initially in temporary global form and whether any Securities
         of the series are to be issuable in permanent global form, and, if so,
         whether beneficial owners of interests in any such global Security may
         exchange such interests for Securities of such series and of like tenor
         of any authorized form and denomination and the circumstances under
         which any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner
         provided in Section 203, and the Depositary for any Global Security or
         Securities of such series;

                  (4)      (i) if other than as provided herein, the Person to
         whom any interest on Securities of the series shall be payable, and
         (ii) the manner in which any interest payable on a temporary global
         Security on any Interest Payment Date will be paid if other than in the
         manner provided in Section 304;

                  (5)      the date or dates on which the principal of (and
         premium, if any, on) the Securities of the series is payable or the
         method of determination thereof;

                  (6)      the rate or rates, or the method of determination
         thereof, at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if
         any, whether and under what circumstances Additional Amounts with
         respect to such Securities shall be payable, the date or dates from
         which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which
         such interest shall be payable and, if other than as set forth in
         Section 101, the Regular Record Date for the interest payable on any
         Securities on any Interest Payment Date;

                  (7)      the place or places where, subject to the provisions
         of Section 1002, the principal of (and premium, if any), any interest
         on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of the
         series shall be payable;

                  (8)      the period or periods within which, the price or
         prices (whether denominated in cash, securities or otherwise) at which
         and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be
         redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, if the
         Company is to have that option, and the manner in which the Company
         must exercise any such option if different from those set forth herein;

                                      17

<Page>

                  (9)      the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or
         purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or
         analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the
         period or periods within which, the price or prices (whether
         denominated in cash, securities or otherwise) at which and the terms
         and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed or
         purchased in whole or in part pursuant to such obligation;

                  (10)     the denomination in which any Securities of that
         series shall be issuable, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any
         integral multiple thereof;

                  (11)     the currency or currencies (including composite
         currencies) if other than Dollars, or the form, including equity
         securities, other debt securities (including Securities), warrants or
         any other securities or property of the Company or any other Person, in
         which payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), any interest
         on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of the
         series shall be payable;

                  (12)     if the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest
         on or any Additional Amounts with Respect to the Securities of the
         series are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder
         thereof, in a currency or currencies (including composite currencies)
         other than that in which the Securities are stated to be payable, the
         currency or currencies (including composite currencies) in which
         payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on, and
         any Additional Amounts with respect to, Securities of such series as to
         which such election is made shall be payable, and the periods within
         which and the terms and conditions upon which such election is to be
         made;

                  (13)     if the amount of payments of principal of (and
         premium, if any), any interest on and any Additional Amounts with
         respect to the Securities of the series may be determined with
         reference to any commodities, currencies or indices, values, rates or
         prices or any other index or formula, the manner in which such amounts
         shall be determined;

                  (14)     if other than the entire principal amount thereof,
         the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which
         shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity
         thereof pursuant to Section 502;

                  (15)     any additional means of satisfaction and discharge of
         this Indenture with respect to Securities of the series pursuant to
         Section 401, any additional conditions to discharge pursuant to Section
         401 or 403 and the application, if any, of Section 403;

                  (16)     any deletions or modifications of or additions to the
         definitions set forth in Section 101, the Events of Default set forth
         in Section 501 or covenants of the Company set forth in Article Ten
         pertaining to the Securities of the series;

                                      18

<Page>

                  (17)     if the Securities of the series are to be convertible
         into or exchangeable for equity securities, other debt securities
         (including Securities), warrants or any other securities or property of
         the Company or any other Person, at the option of the Company or the
         Holder or upon the occurrence of any condition or event, the terms and
         conditions for such conversion or exchange; and

                  (18)     any other terms of the series (which terms shall not
         be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture).

                  All Securities of any one series shall be substantially
identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in
or pursuant to the Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section
303) set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in the Officers'
Certificate referred to above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.

                  At the option of the Company, interest on the Securities of
any series that bears interest may be paid by mailing a check to the address of
any Holder as such address shall appear in the Security Register.

                  If any of the terms of the series are established by action
taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such
action together with such Board Resolution shall be certified by the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or
prior to the delivery of the Officers' Certificate setting forth the terms of
the series.

SECTION 302.  DENOMINATIONS.

                  The Securities of each series shall be issuable in such
denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by Section 301. In the
absence of any such provisions with respect to the Securities of any series, the
Securities of such series denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. Unless otherwise
provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to any series of
Securities, any Securities of a series denominated in a currency other than
Dollars shall be issuable in denominations that are the equivalent, as
determined by the Company by reference to the noon buying rate in The City of
New York for cable transfers for such currency, as such rate is reported or
otherwise made available by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, on the
applicable issue date for such Securities, of $1,000 and any integral multiple
thereof.

SECTION 303.  EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING.

                  The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by
its Chairman of the Board, its President, its Treasurer or one of its Vice
Presidents, under its corporate seal reproduced thereon or affixed thereto
attested by its Secretary or one of its Assistant Secretaries. The signature of
any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile.

                                      19

<Page>

                  Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of
individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind
the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to
hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or
did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

                  At any time and from time to time after the execution and
delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series
executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a
Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the
Trustee in accordance with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such
Securities as provided in this Indenture and not otherwise.

                  If the form or terms of the Securities of the series have been
established in or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions or any other method
permitted by Sections 201 and 301, in authenticating such Securities, and
accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to
such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to
Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel
stating,

                  (a)      if the form of such Securities has been established
         by or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 201, that
         such form has been established in conformity with the provisions of
         this Indenture;

                  (b)      if the terms of such Securities have been established
         by or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 301, that
         such terms have been established in conformity with the provisions of
         this Indenture; and

                  (c)      that such Securities, when authenticated and
         delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and
         subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will
         constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company,
         enforceable in accordance with their terms, except as such enforcement
         is subject to the effect of (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent
         conveyance, reorganization or other laws relating to or affecting
         creditors' rights and (ii) general principles of equity (regardless of
         whether such enforcement is considered in a proceeding in equity or at
         law).

If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner
which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

                  Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

                  No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this
Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such
Security, a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for
herein executed by the Trustee by manual signature, and such certificate upon
any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such
Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, if any Security

                                      20

<Page>

shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold
by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for
cancellation as provided in Section 309 together with a written statement (which
need not comply with Section 103 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of
Counsel) stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the
Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never
to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled
to the benefits of this Indenture.

SECTION 304.  TEMPORARY SECURITIES.

                  Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any
series, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed,
typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination,
substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they
are issued, in registered form and with such appropriate insertions, omissions,
substitutions and other variations as the officers of the Company executing such
Securities may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

                  Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form
(which shall be exchanged in accordance with the provisions of the following
paragraphs), if temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will
cause definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable
delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the
temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive
Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such
series at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that
series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one
or more temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal
amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations.
Until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects
be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities
of such series.

                  All Outstanding temporary Securities of any series shall in
all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive
Securities of the same series and of like tenor authenticated and delivered
hereunder.

SECTION 305.  REGISTRATION, REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

                  The Company shall cause to be kept for each series of
Securities at one of the offices or agencies maintained pursuant to Section 1002
a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other office or
agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes collectively
referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject to such reasonable
regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration
of Securities and of transfers of Securities of such series. The Trustee is
hereby initially appointed "Security Registrar" for the purpose of registering
Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided.

                                      21

<Page>

                  Except as set forth in Section 203 or as may be provided
pursuant to Section 301, upon surrender for registration of transfer of any
Security of any series at the office or agency in a Place of Payment for that
series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more
new Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of any authorized
denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount.

                  At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be
exchanged for other Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of any
authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount, upon
surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever
any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder
making the exchange is entitled to receive.

                  All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing
the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the
Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

                  Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of
transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be
duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the
Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

                  No service charge shall be made for any registration of
transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in
connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other
than exchange pursuant to Section 304, 906 or 1107 not involving any transfer.

                  The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the
transfer of or exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at
the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of
redemption of Securities of such series selected for redemption and ending at
the close of business on the day of the mailing of the relevant notice of
redemption or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so
selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of
any Security being redeemed in part.

SECTION 306.  MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES.

                  If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the
Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange
therefor a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal
amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

                  If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i)
evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security
and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of
them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to
the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide

                                      22

<Page>

purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen
Security, a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal
amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

                  In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security
has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion
may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

                  Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the
Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including any fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

                  Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this
Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an
original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the
destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone,
and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued
hereunder.

                  The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall
preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to
the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

SECTION 307.  PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED.

                  Interest on any Security which is payable, and is punctually
paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the
Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is
registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such
interest. Unless otherwise provided with respect to the Securities of any
series, payment of interest may be made at the option of the Company by check
mailed or delivered to the address of any Person entitled thereto as such
address shall appear in the Security Register.

                  Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable,
but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date
(herein called "Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the
Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder,
and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each
case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below:

                  (1)      The Company may elect to make payment of any
         Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such
         series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at
         the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such
         Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The
         Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted
         Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series and the
         date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall
         deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate
         amount

                                      23

<Page>

         proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make
         arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the
         date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in
         trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted
         Interest as provided in this Clause. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a
         Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which
         shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the
         date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the
         receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The
         Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date
         and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice
         of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special
         Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each
         Holder of Securities of such series at his address as it appears in the
         Security Register, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record
         Date. The Trustee may, in its discretion, in the name and at the
         expense of the Company, cause a similar notice to be published at least
         once in an Authorized Newspaper, but such publication shall not be a
         condition precedent to the establishment of such Special Record Date.
         Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the
         Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted
         Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Securities of
         such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered
         at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no
         longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2).

                  (2)      The Company may make payment of any Defaulted
         Interest on the Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not
         inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which
         such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required
         by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee
         of the proposed payment pursuant to this Clause, such manner of payment
         shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

                  Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each
Security delivered under this Indenture, upon registration of transfer of, in
exchange for or in lieu of, any other Security, shall carry the rights to
interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other
Security.

SECTION 308.  PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS.

                  Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of
transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee
may treat the Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of
such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of (and premium,
if any) and (subject to Sections 305 and 307) interest on such Security and for
all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and
neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee
shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

                                      24

<Page>

SECTION 309.  CANCELLATION.

                  All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption,
registration of transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund
payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered
to the Trustee. All Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the
Trustee. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any
Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company
may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Securities so delivered
shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated
in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided in this
Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All cancelled
Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of as directed by a Company
Order, and the Trustee shall maintain a record of their disposal; PROVIDED that
the Trustee shall not be required to destroy such Securities in contravention of
record retention requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended.

SECTION 310.  COMPUTATION OF INTEREST.

                  Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301
for Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a year of twelve 30-day months.

SECTION 311.  CUSIP NUMBERS.

                  The Company in issuing the Securities may use "CUSIP" numbers
(if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use "CUSIP" numbers in
notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; PROVIDED that any such notice
may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers
either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a
redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification
numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected
by any defect in or omission of such numbers.

                                  ARTICLE FOUR

                     SATISFACTION, DISCHARGE AND DEFEASANCE

SECTION 401.  SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE.

                  This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of
further effect with respect to Securities of a series, and the Trustee, at the
expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to Securities of such
series, when

                  (1)      either

                           (A)      all Securities of such series theretofore
                  authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities which
                  have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have

                                      25

<Page>

                  been replaced or paid as provided in Section 306, and (ii)
                  Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been
                  deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the
                  Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged
                  from such trust, as provided in Section 1003) have been
                  delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

                           (B)      with respect to all Outstanding Securities
                  of such series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
                  cancellation, the Company has deposited or caused to be
                  deposited with the Trustee as trust funds, under the terms of
                  an irrevocable trust agreement in form and substance
                  satisfactory to the Trustee, money or U.S. Government
                  Obligations maturing as to principal and interest in such
                  amounts and at such times as will (together with the income to
                  accrue thereon and without consideration of any reinvestment
                  thereof) be sufficient to pay and discharge (with such
                  delivery in trust to be for the stated purpose of paying and
                  discharging) the entire indebtedness on all Outstanding
                  Securities of such series not theretofore delivered to the
                  Trustee for cancellation for principal (and premium and
                  Additional Amounts, if any) and interest to the Stated
                  Maturity or any Redemption Date contemplated by the
                  penultimate paragraph of this Section, as the case may be; or

                           (C)      the Company has properly fulfilled such
                  other means of satisfaction and discharge as is specified, as
                  contemplated by Section 301, to be applicable to the
                  Securities of such series;

                  (2)      the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other
         sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to the Outstanding
         Securities of such series;

                  (3)      the Company has complied with any other conditions
         specified pursuant to Section 301 to be applicable to the discharge of
         Securities of such series pursuant to this Section 401;

                  (4)      the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
         precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and
         discharge of this Indenture with respect to the Outstanding Securities
         of such series have been complied with;

                  (5)      if the conditions set forth in Section 401(1)(A) have
         not been satisfied, and unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section
         301 for the Securities of such series, the Company has delivered to the
         Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of
         Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for
         United States federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit,
         satisfaction and discharge and will be subject to United States federal
         income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same
         time as would have been the case if such deposit, satisfaction and
         discharge had not occurred; and

                                      26

<Page>

                  (6)      no Default or Event of Default with respect to the
         Securities of such issue shall have occurred and be continuing on the
         date of such deposit or, insofar as clauses (5) or (6) of Section 501
         are concerned, at any time in the period ending on the 91st day after
         the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall
         not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

                  For the purposes of this Indenture, "U.S. Government
Obligations" means direct non-callable obligations of, or non-callable
obligations the payment of principal of and interest on which is guaranteed by,
the United States of America, or to the payment of which obligations or
guarantees the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged,
or beneficial interests in a trust the corpus of which consists exclusively of
money or such obligations or a combination thereof.

                  If any Outstanding Securities of such series are to be
redeemed prior to their Stated Maturity, whether pursuant to any optional
redemption provisions or in accordance with any mandatory sinking fund
requirement, the trust agreement referred to in subclause (B) of clause (1) of
this Section shall provide therefor and the Company shall make such arrangements
as are satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the
Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company.

                  Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series pursuant to
this Section 401, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section
607, the obligations to any Authenticating Agent under Section 614 and, except
for a discharge pursuant to subclause (A) of clause (1) of this Section, the
obligations of the Company under Sections 305, 306, 404, 610(e), 701, 1001 and
1002 and the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the last paragraph
of Section 1003 shall survive.

SECTION 402.  APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY.

                  Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section
1003, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 shall be held
in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities
and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if
any) and interest and Additional Amounts for the payment of which such money has
been deposited with the Trustee.

SECTION 403.  DISCHARGE OF LIABILITY ON SECURITIES OF ANY SERIES.

                  If this Section is specified, as contemplated by Section 301,
to be applicable to Securities of any series, the Company shall be deemed to
have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the Outstanding
Securities of such series, the obligation of the Company under this Indenture
and the Securities of such series to pay the principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities of such
series, shall cease, terminate and be completely discharged and the Trustee, at
the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging such
satisfaction and discharge, when

                                      27

<Page>

                  (1)      the Company has complied with the provisions of
         Section 401 (other than any additional conditions specified pursuant to
         Sections 301 and 401(3) and except that the Opinion of Counsel referred
         to in Section 401(5) shall state that it is based on a ruling by the
         Internal Revenue Service or other change since the date hereof under
         applicable Federal income tax law) with respect to all Outstanding
         Securities of such series;

                  (2)      the Company has delivered to the Trustee a Company
         Request requesting such satisfaction and discharge;

                  (3)      the Company has complied with any other conditions
         specified pursuant to Section 301 to be applicable to the discharge of
         Securities of such series pursuant to this Section 403; and

                  (4)      the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
         precedent herein provided for relating to the discharge of the
         indebtedness on the Outstanding Securities of such series have been
         complied with.

                  Upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in this
Section with respect to all the Outstanding Securities of any series, the terms
and conditions of such series, including the terms and conditions with respect
thereto set forth in this Indenture, shall no longer be binding upon, or
applicable to, the Company; PROVIDED that, the Company shall not be discharged
from any payment obligations in respect of Securities of such series which are
deemed not to be Outstanding under clause (iii) of the definition thereof if
such obligations continue to be valid obligations of the Company under
applicable law or pursuant to Section 305 or 306.

SECTION 404.  APPLICABILITY OF DEFEASANCE PROVISIONS; COMPANY'S OPTION TO EFFECT
DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

                  Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301
for the Securities of any series, the provisions of Sections 404 through 410
inclusive, with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to
Section 301 with respect to any series of Securities, shall be applicable to the
Securities.

SECTION 405.  DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE.

                  On and after the date on which the conditions set forth in
Section 407 are satisfied with respect to the Securities of any series, the
Company shall be deemed to have paid and been discharged from its obligations
with respect to such Securities (hereinafter "defeasance"). For this purpose,
such defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and
discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Securities which shall
thereafter be deemed to be "Outstanding" only for the purposes of Section 408
and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in clause (ii) of this
Section, and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Securities
and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee,
upon payment of all amounts due it under Section 607, at the expense of the
Company, shall on a Company Order

                                      28

<Page>

execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except the following which
shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (i) the rights
of Holders of such Securities to receive, solely from the trust funds described
in Section 407(a) and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in
respect of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on such
Securities when such payments are due; (ii) the Company's obligations with
respect to such Securities under Sections 305, 309, 1002 and 1003 and with
respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, payable with respect to
such Securities as specified pursuant to clause (13) of Section 301; (iii) the
Company's obligations with respect to a conversion or exchange of such
Securities; (iv) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the
Trustee hereunder; and (v) this Article Four. Subject to compliance with this
Article Four, the Company may defease the Securities of any series under this
Section 405 notwithstanding a prior covenant defeasance (as defined herein)
under Section 406 with respect to such Securities. Following a defeasance,
payment of such Securities may not be accelerated because of an Event of
Default.

SECTION 406.  COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

                  On and after the date on which the conditions set forth in
Section 407 (other than Section 407(c)) are satisfied with respect to the
Securities of or within any series, (i) the Company shall be released from its
obligations under Sections 801 and 1004 and, if specified pursuant to Section
301, its obligations under any other covenant, with respect to such Securities
and (ii) the occurrence of any event specified in clauses (4) and (7) of Section
501 (with respect to any of the obligations described in clause (i) above) shall
be deemed not to be or result in an Event of Default (hereinafter, "covenant
defeasance"), and such Securities shall thereafter be deemed to be not
"Outstanding" for the purposes of any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the consequences
of any thereof) in connection with Section 801 or Section 1004, such other
covenant specified pursuant to Section 301, but shall continue to be deemed
"Outstanding" for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant
defeasance means that, with respect to such Securities, the Company may omit to
comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or
limitation set forth in any such Section or such other covenant, whether
directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such
Section or such other covenant or by reason of reference in any such Section or
such other covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and
such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default
under clauses (4) and (7) of Section 501 or otherwise, as the case may be, but,
except as specified above the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities
and any interest coupons appertaining thereto shall be unaffected thereby.

SECTION 407.  CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

                  The following shall be the conditions to application of
Section 405 or Section 406 to any Securities of any series:

                  (a)      the Company shall have deposited or caused to be
deposited irrevocably with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the
requirements of Section 609 who shall agree to comply with, and shall be
entitled to the benefits of, the provisions of Sections 404 through 410
inclusive and the last paragraph of Section 1003 applicable to the Trustee, for
purposes of such Sections also

                                      29

<Page>

a "Trustee") as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the payments
referred to in clauses (x) and (y) of this Section 407(a), specifically pledged
as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of Holders of such
Securities, with written instructions to the Trustee as to the application
thereof, (i) money in an amount (in such currency, currencies or currency unit
or units in which such Securities are then specified as payable at Stated
Maturity), or (ii) if Securities of such series are not subject to repayment at
the option of Holders, Government Obligations which through the payment of
interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will
provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment referred to
in clause (x) or (y) of this Section 407(a), money in an amount or (iii) a
combination thereof in an amount, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally
recognized firm of independent certified public accountants or a nationally
recognized investment banking firm expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by
the Trustee to pay and discharge, (x) the principal of, premium, if any, and
interest, if any, on such Securities on the Stated Maturity of such principal or
installment of principal or interest and (y) any mandatory sinking fund payments
applicable to such Securities on the date on which such payments are due and
payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such Securities.
Before such a deposit the Company may make arrangements satisfactory to the
Trustee for the redemption of Securities at a future date or dates in accordance
with Article Eleven which shall be given effect in applying the foregoing;

                  (b)      no Default or Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of that series shall have occurred or be continuing on the date of
such a deposit or shall occur as a result of such a deposit or, insofar as
clauses (5) and (6) of Section 501 are concerned, shall occur at any time during
the period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit;

                  (c)      in the case of an election under Section 405, the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an
Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from or there
has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the
date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable
U.S. Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based
thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities and any
interest coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss
for U.S. Federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be
subject to U.S. Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and
at the same times, as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and
discharge had not occurred;

                  (d)      in the case of an election under Section 406, the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an
Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Securities and any
interest coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss
for U.S. Federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and
will be subject to U.S. Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same
manner and at the same times, as would have been the case if such deposit and
covenant defeasance had not occurred;

                  (e)      the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
conditions precedent to the defeasance under Section 405 or the covenant
defeasance under Section 406 (as the case may be) have been complied with;

                                      30

<Page>

                  (f)      Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be
effected in compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or
limitations which may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith as
contemplated by Section 301; and

                  (g)      At the time of such deposit: (i) no Default in the
payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior Debt
shall have occurred and be continuing or (ii) no other Event of Default with
respect to any Senior Debt shall have occurred and be continuing and shall have
resulted in such Senior Debt becoming or being declared due and payable prior to
the date on which it would otherwise have become due and payable, or, in the
case of either clause (i) or clause (ii) above, each such Default or Event of
Default shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist.

SECTION 408.  DEPOSITED MONEY AND GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.

                  Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section
1003, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided
pursuant to Section 301) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the
Trustee pursuant to Section 407 in respect of any Securities of any series shall
be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions
of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or
through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent)
as the Trustee may determine, to Holders of such Securities of all sums due and
to become due thereon in respect of principal, premium, if any, and interest, if
any, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except as provided
herein and except to the extent required by law.

SECTION 409.  REPAYMENT TO COMPANY.

                  The Trustee (and any Paying Agent) shall promptly pay to the
Company upon Company Request any excess money or U.S. Government Obligations (or
proceeds therefrom), or any other securities held by them at any time.

                  The provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003 shall
apply to any money or securities held by the Trustee or any Paying Agent under
this Article Four that remain unclaimed for two years after the Maturity of any
series of Securities for which money or securities have been deposited pursuant
to Section 407(a).

SECTION 410.  INDEMNITY FOR GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS.

                  The Company shall pay, and shall indemnify the Trustee
against, any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against Government
Obligations deposited pursuant to this Article or the principal and interest and
any other amount received on such Government Obligations.

                                      31

<Page>

SECTION 411.  REINSTATEMENT.

                  If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any money or
U.S. Government Obligations deposited with respect to Securities of any series
in accordance with Section 401 or Section 407 by reason of any legal proceeding
or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority
enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the Company's
obligations under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series
and the Securities of such series shall be revived and reinstated as though no
deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 401 or Section 407 until such time as
the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money or U.S.
Government Obligations in accordance with Section 401 or Section 407; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that if the Company has made any payment of principal of (or premium,
if any), or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities
because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated
to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the
money or U.S. Government Obligations held by the Trustee or Paying Agent.

                                  ARTICLE FIVE

                                    REMEDIES

SECTION 501.  EVENTS OF DEFAULT.

                  "Event of Default," wherever used herein with respect to
Securities of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the
reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or
involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment,
decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any
administrative or governmental body), unless it is either inapplicable to a
particular series or it is specifically deleted or modified in or pursuant to
the supplemental indenture or Board Resolution establishing such series of
Securities or in the form of Security for such series:

                  (1)      default in the payment of any interest on or any
         Additional Amounts with respect to any Security of that series when
         such interest or Additional Amounts become due and payable, and
         continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

                  (2)      default in the payment of the principal of (or
         premium, if any, on) any Security of that series at its Maturity; or

                  (3)      default in the deposit of any mandatory sinking fund
         payment, when and as due by the terms of a Security of that series and
         continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

                  (4)      default in the performance or breach of any covenant
         or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or
         warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in
         this Section specifically dealt with or which has expressly been
         included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series
         of

                                      32

<Page>

         Securities other than that series), and continuance of such default or
         breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given, by
         registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the
         Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal
         amount of all Outstanding Securities a written notice specifying such
         default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such
         notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

                  (5)      the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the
         premises of (A) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company
         in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or
         State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or
         (B) a decree or order adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or
         approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization,
         arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company
         under any applicable Federal or State law, or appointing a custodian,
         receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar
         official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or
         ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the
         continuance of any such decree or order for relief or any such other
         decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive
         days; or

                  (6)      the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case
         or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy,
         insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or
         proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by
         it to the entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of the
         Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable
         Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other
         similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case
         or proceeding against it, or the filing by it, of a petition or answer
         or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable
         Federal or State law, or the consent by it to the filing of such
         petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian,
         receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or similar
         official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or
         the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the
         admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally
         as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company in
         furtherance of any such action; or

                  (7)      any other Event of Default provided with respect to
         Securities of that series.

                  Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 501,
if the principal of (and premium, if any) or any interest on, or any Additional
Amounts with respect to, any Security is payable in a currency or currencies
(including a composite currency) other than Dollars and such currency (or
currencies) is (or are) not available to the Company for making payment thereof
due to the imposition of exchange controls or other circumstances beyond the
control of the Company (a "Conversion Event"), the Company will be entitled to
satisfy its obligations to Holders of the Securities by making such payment in
Dollars in an amount equal to the Dollar equivalent of the amount payable in
such other currency, as determined by the Company by reference to the noon
buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers for such currency
("Exchange Rate"), as such Exchange Rate is certified for customs purposes by
the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on

                                      33

<Page>

the date of such payment, or, if such rate is not then available, on the basis
of the most recently available Exchange Rate. Notwithstanding the foregoing
provisions of this Section 501, any payment made under such circumstances in
Dollars where the required payment is in a currency other than Dollars will not
constitute an Event of Default under this Indenture.

                  Promptly after the occurrence of a Conversion Event with
respect to Securities of any series, the Company shall give written notice
thereof to the Trustee; and the Trustee, promptly after receipt of such notice,
shall give notice thereof in the manner provided in Section 107 to the Holders
of such series. Promptly after the making of any payment in Dollars as a result
of a Conversion Event with respect to Securities of any series, the Company
shall give notice in the manner provided in Section 107 to the Holders of such
series, setting forth the applicable Exchange Rate and describing the
calculation of such payments.

SECTION 502.  ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT.

                  If an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any
series at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case
the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of (i) the series affected by such default (in the case
of an Event of Default described in clause (1), (2), (3) or (7) of Section 501)
or (ii) all series of Securities (subject to the immediately following sentence,
in the case of an Event of Default described in clause (4) of Section 501) may
declare the principal amount (or, if any such Securities are Original Issue
Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in
the terms of that series) of all of the Securities of the series affected by
such default or all series, as the case may be, to be due and payable
immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given
by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified
amount) shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default
described in clause (5) or (6) of Section 501 shall occur, the principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of all series IPSO FACTO shall become and be
immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of
the Trustee or any Holder.

                  At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with
respect to Securities of any series (or of all series, as the case may be) has
been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been
obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, Holders of a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series (or of
all series, as the case may be), by written notice to the Company and the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

                  (1)      the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a
         sum sufficient to pay

                           (A)      all overdue interest on, and any Additional
                  Amounts with respect to, all Securities of that series (or of
                  all series, as the case may be),

                                      34

<Page>

                           (B)      the principal of (and premium, if any, on)
                  any Securities of that series (or of all series, as the case
                  may be) which have become due otherwise than by such
                  declaration of acceleration and interest thereon at the rate
                  or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities (in the case
                  of Original Issue Discount Securities, the Securities' Yield
                  to Maturity),

                           (C)      to the extent that payment of such interest
                  is lawful, interest upon overdue interest and any Additional
                  Amounts at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such
                  Securities (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities,
                  the Securities' Yield to Maturity), and

                           (D)      all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee
                  hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses,
                  disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and
                  counsel;

         and

                  (2)      all Events of Default with respect to Securities of
         that series (or of all series, as the case may be), other than the
         non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series (or of all
         series, as the case may be) which have become due solely by such
         declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in
         Section 512.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right
consequent thereon.

SECTION 503.  COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE.

                  The Company covenants that if

                  (1)      default is made in the payment of any installment of
         interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security of
         any series when such interest or Additional Amounts shall have become
         due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

                  (2)      default is made in the payment of the principal of
         (or premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof,

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the
Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such
Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest and Additional
Amounts and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable, interest on any overdue principal (and premium, if any) and on any
overdue interest and Additional Amounts, at the rate or rates prescribed
therefor in such Securities (or in the case of Original Issue Discount
Securities, the Securities' Yield to Maturity), and, in addition thereto, such
further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of
collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

                                      35

<Page>

                  If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such
demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may
institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and
unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may
enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities
and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided
by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such
Securities, wherever situated.

                  If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any
series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to
protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of
such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem
most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific
enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the
exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

SECTION 504.  TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM.

                  In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency,
liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or
other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the
Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their
creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal (or lesser amount
in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) of the Securities shall then
be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and
irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company
for the payment of overdue principal (and premium, if any), interest or any
Additional Amounts) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such
proceeding or otherwise,

                  (i)      to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of
         principal (or lesser amount in the case of Original Issue Discount
         Securities) (and premium, if any) and interest and any Additional
         Amounts owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such
         other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to
         have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable
         compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its
         agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial
         proceeding, and

                  (ii)     to collect and receive any monies or other property
         payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or
other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by
each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the
Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to Holders, to pay
to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other
amounts due the Trustee under Section 607.

                                      36

<Page>

                  Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the
Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder
any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the
Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to
vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceedings; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that the Trustee may, on behalf of Holders, vote for the election of a
trustee in bankruptcy or similar official.

SECTION 505.  TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF SECURITIES OR
COUPONS.

                  All rights of action and claim under this Indenture or the
Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without possession of
any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating
thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in
its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall,
after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the
ratable benefit of Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment
has been recovered.

SECTION 506.  APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED.

                  Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article
shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the
Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal
(or premium, if any), interest or any Additional Amounts, upon presentation of
the Securities, and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid
and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

                  FIRST:  To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under
         Section 607;

                  SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for
         principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on and any Additional
         Amounts with respect to the Securities in respect of which or for the
         benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without
         preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and
         payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any),
         interest and Additional Amounts, respectively; and

                  THIRD:  The balance, if any, to the Person or Persons entitled
         thereto.

                  To the fullest extent allowed under applicable law, if for the
purpose of obtaining judgment against the Company in any court it is necessary
to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of any
series (the "Required Currency") into a currency in which a judgment will be
rendered (the "Judgment Currency"), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate
at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase
in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the
New York Business Day next preceding that on which final judgment is given.
Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be liable for any shortfall nor shall
it benefit from any windfall in payments to Holders of Securities under this

                                      37

<Page>

Section caused by a change in exchange rates between the time the amount of a
judgment against it is calculated as above and the time the Trustee converts the
Judgment Currency into the Required Currency to make payments under this Section
to Holders of Securities, but payment of such judgment shall discharge all
amounts owed by the Company on the claim or claims underlying such judgment.

SECTION 507.  LIMITATION ON SUITS.

                  Subject to Section 508, no Holder of any Security of any
series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise,
with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee,
or for any other remedy hereunder, unless

                  (1)      an Event of Default with respect to Securities of
         such series shall have occurred and be continuing and such Holder has
         previously given written notice to the Trustee of such continuing Event
         of Default;

                  (2)      the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount
         of the Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written
         request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such
         Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

                  (3)      such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee
         reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be
         incurred in compliance with such request;

                  (4)      the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such
         notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such
         proceeding; and

                  (5)      no direction inconsistent with such written request
         has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders
         of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
         series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of
such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any
other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in
the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such
Holders.

SECTION 508.  UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PRINCIPAL PREMIUM AND
INTEREST.

                  Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, Holder
of a Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to
receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to
Section 307) interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to such
Security on the Stated Maturity or Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in
the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to institute suit for the
enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired or
affected without the consent of such Holder.

                                      38

<Page>

SECTION 509.   RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.

                  If the Trustee or any Holder of any Security has instituted
any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such
proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, then and in every
such case the Company, the Trustee and Holders shall, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to
their former positions hereunder, and thereafter all rights and remedies of the
Trustee and Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been
instituted.

SECTION 510.  RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE.

                  Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement
or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last
paragraph of Section 306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved
to the Trustee or to Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or
remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be
cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or
now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or
employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the
concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

SECTION 511.  DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.

                  No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any
Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default
shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event
of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this
Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to
time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders,
as the case may be.

SECTION 512.  CONTROL BY HOLDERS.

                  With respect to Securities of any series, the Holders of a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall
have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power
conferred on the Trustee, relating to or arising under an Event of Default
described in clause (1), (2), (3) or (7) of Section 501, and with respect to all
Securities the Holders of a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding
Securities shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power
conferred on the Trustee, not relating to or arising under such an Event of
Default, PROVIDED that in each such case

                  (1)      such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule
         of law or with this Indenture, and

                  (2)      the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper
         by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction.

                                      39

<Page>

SECTION 513.  WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS.

                  Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series may on behalf of Holders of all the Securities of such
series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and its
consequences, and Holders of a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding
Securities may on behalf of Holders of all Securities waive any other past
default hereunder and its consequences, except in each case a default

                  (1)      in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if
         any) or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any
         Security, or

                  (2)      in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which
         under Article Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of
         a Holder of each Outstanding Security affected.

                  Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and
any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for
every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any
subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

SECTION 514.  UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS.

                  All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any
Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any
court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any
right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any
action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in
such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court
may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys'
fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits
and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the
provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any
Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by
any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium,
if any) or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security
on or after the Stated Maturity or Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in
the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date).

SECTION 515.   WAIVER OF STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS.

                  The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do
so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner
whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law
wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the
covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent
that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of
any such law, and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the
execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit
the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

                                      40

<Page>

                                   ARTICLE SIX

                                   THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 601.  CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.

                  (a)      Except during the continuance of an Event of Default
         with respect to the Securities of any series,

                           (1)      the Trustee undertakes to perform such
                  duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in
                  this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall
                  be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

                           (2)      in the absence of bad faith on its part, the
                  Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the
                  statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed
                  therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the
                  Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture;
                  but in the case of any such certificates or opinions which by
                  any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished
                  to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine
                  the same to determine whether or not they conform to the
                  requirements of this Indenture.

                  (b)      In case an Event of Default has occurred and is
         continuing with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee
         shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this
         Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise,
         as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in
         the conduct of his own affairs.

                  (c)      No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to
         relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its
         own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, EXCEPT that

                           (1)      this Subsection shall not be construed to
                  limit the effect of Subsection (a) of this Section;

                           (2)      the Trustee shall not be liable for any
                  error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer,
                  unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in
                  ascertaining the pertinent facts;

                           (3)      the Trustee shall not be liable with respect
                  to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith
                  in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority
                  in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any
                  series or of all series, determined as provided in Section
                  511, relating to the time, method and place of conducting any
                  proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or
                  exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee,
                  under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such
                  series; and

                                      41

<Page>

                           (4)      no provision of this Indenture shall require
                  the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur
                  any financial liability in the performance of any of its
                  duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or
                  powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that
                  repayment of such funds or indemnity satisfactory to it
                  against such risk or liability is not assured to it.

                  (d)      Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every
         provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the
         liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to
         the provisions of this Section.

SECTION 602.  NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.

                  Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default hereunder
with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall give notice of
such default hereunder known to the Trustee to all Holders of Securities of such
series in the manner provided in Section 107, unless such default shall have
been cured or waived; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, except in the case of a default
in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on, or any
Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security of such series or in the
payment of any sinking fund installment with respect to Securities of such
series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long
as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of
directors or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determines that
the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Holders of Securities
of such series; AND PROVIDED, FURTHER, that in the case of any default of the
character specified in Section 501(4) with respect to Securities of such series,
no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 30 days after the
occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term "default" means
any event, act or condition which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both
would become, an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series.

SECTION 603.  CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

                  Subject to the provisions of Section 601:

                  (a)      the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting
         or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
         instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent,
         order, bond, debenture, note, coupon, other evidence of indebtedness or
         other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been
         signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

                  (b)      any request or direction of the Company mentioned
         herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company
         Order and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently
         evidenced by a Board Resolution;

                  (c)      whenever in the administration of this Indenture the
         Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established
         prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the
         Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may,
         in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers'
         Certificate;

                                      42

<Page>

                  (d)      the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written
         advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and
         complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken,
         suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance
         thereon;

                  (e)      the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise
         any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the
         request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture,
         unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or
         indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and
         liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such
         request or direction;

                  (f)      the Trustee shall not be bound to make any
         investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution,
         certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request,
         direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon, other
         evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee,
         in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into
         such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall
         determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be
         entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company,
         personally or by agent or attorney; and

                  (g)      the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers
         hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or
         through agents or attorneys and, except for any Affiliates of the
         Trustee, the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
         negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care
         by it hereunder.

SECTION 604.  NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES.

                  The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except
the Trustee's certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements
of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for their correctness.
The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this
Indenture or of the Securities. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use
or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

SECTION 605.  MAY HOLD SECURITIES.

                  The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any
Security Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any
other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to
Sections 608 and 613, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights
it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent,
Security Registrar or such other agent.

SECTION 606.  MONEY HELD IN TRUST.

                  Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee
shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder
except as otherwise agreed with the Company.

                                      43

<Page>

SECTION 607.  COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT.

                  The Company agrees

                  (1)      to pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation
         for all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not
         be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a
         trustee of an express trust);

                  (2)      except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to
         reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses,
         disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in
         accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the
         compensation and the reasonable expenses and disbursements of its
         agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance
         as may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and

                  (3)      to indemnify the Trustee and each of its directors,
         officers, employees, agents and/or representatives for, and to hold
         each of them harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred
         without negligence or bad faith on each of their part, arising out of
         or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or
         trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending
         themselves against any claim or liability in connection with the
         exercise or performance of any of the Trustee's powers or duties
         hereunder.

                  As security for the performance of the obligations of the
Company under this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the
Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such,
except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of, premium, if any, or
interest, if any, on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, particular
Securities.

                  Any expenses and compensation for any services rendered by the
Trustee after the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in clause (5) or
(6) of Section 501 shall constitute expenses and compensation for services of
administration under all applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization or other similar laws.

                  The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination
of this Indenture.

SECTION 608.  DISQUALIFICATION; CONFLICTING INTERESTS.

                  (a)      If the Trustee has or shall acquire any conflicting
         interest, as defined in this Section, with respect to the Securities of
         any series, it shall, within 90 days after ascertaining that it has
         such conflicting interest, either eliminate such conflicting interest
         or resign with respect to the Securities of that series in the manner
         and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

                                      44

<Page>

                  (b)      In the event that the Trustee shall fail to comply
         with the provisions of Subsection (a) of this Section with respect to
         the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall, within 10 days after
         the expiration of such 90-day period, transmit by mail to all Holders
         of Securities of that series, as their names and addresses appear in
         the Security Register, notice of such failure.

                  (c)      For the purposes of this Section, the term
         "conflicting interest" shall have the meaning specified in Section
         310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act and the Trustee shall comply with
         Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act; PROVIDED that there shall be
         excluded from the operation of Section 310(b)(1) of the Trust Indenture
         Act with respect to the Securities of any series any indenture or
         indentures under which other securities, or certificates of interest or
         participation in other securities, of the Company are outstanding, if
         the requirements for such exclusion set forth in Section 310(b)(1) of
         the Trust Indenture Act are met. For purposes of the preceding
         sentence, the optional provision permitted by the second sentence of
         Section 310(b)(9) of the Trust Indenture Act shall be applicable.

SECTION 609.  CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY.

                  There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which shall be
a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States
of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, authorized under such
laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus
of at least $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or
State or District of Columbia authority. If such corporation publishes reports
of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said
supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the
combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its
combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition
so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in
the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

                  The Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the
requirements of Sections 310(a)(1), 310(a)(2) and 310(a)(5) of the Trust
Indenture Act.

SECTION 610.  RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR.

                  (a)      No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no
         appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall
         become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor
         Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 611.

                  (b)      The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to
         the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof
         to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee
         required by Section 611 shall not have been delivered to the resigning
         Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation,
         the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction
         for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of such series.

                                      45

<Page>

                  (c)      The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect
         to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in
         principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series,
         delivered to the Trustee and to the Company.

                  (d)      If at any time:

                           (1)      the Trustee shall fail to comply with
                  Section 608(a) after written request therefor by the Company
                  or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security
                  for at least six months, or

                           (2)      the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under
                  Section 609 and shall fail to resign after written request
                  therefor by the Company or by any such Holder of Securities,
                  or

                           (3)      the Trustee shall become incapable of acting
                  or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of
                  the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any
                  public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or
                  of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation,
                  conservation or liquidation,

         then, in any such case, (i) the Company by a Board Resolution may
         remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (ii) subject to
         Section 513, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security
         for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others
         similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for
         the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and the
         appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

                  (e)      If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become
         incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of
         Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more
         series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a
         successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or
         those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may
         be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of
         such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with
         respect to the Securities of any particular series) and such successor
         Trustee or Trustees shall comply with the applicable requirements of
         Section 611. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of
         any series shall have been so appointed by the Company and accepted
         appointment in the manner required by Section 611, subject to Section
         513, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such
         series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others
         similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for
         the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
         of such series.

                  (f)      The Company shall give notice of each resignation and
         each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any
         series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of any series by mailing written notice of such event by
         first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of Securities of such
         series as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register.
         Each notice shall include the name of the

                                      46

<Page>

         successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the
         address of its Corporate Trust Office.

SECTION 611.  ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR.

                  (a)      In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor
         Trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so
         appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to
         the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and
         thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall
         become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act,
         deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers,
         trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the
         Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon
         payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring
         to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the
         retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such
         successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee
         hereunder.

                  (b)      In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor
         Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all)
         series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee
         with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and
         deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee
         shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such
         provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm
         to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers,
         trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
         successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring
         with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall
         be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights,
         powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is
         not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee and
         (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as
         shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of
         the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that
         nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such
         Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall
         be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any
         trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and
         upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture, the
         resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective
         to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without
         any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
         rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect
         to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of
         such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any
         successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer
         and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by
         such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that
         or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee
         relates.

                                      47

<Page>

                  (c)      Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the
         Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and
         certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such
         rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this
         Section, as the case may be.

                  (d)      No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment
         unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be
         qualified and eligible under this Article.

SECTION 612.  MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS.

                  Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a
party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate
trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder,
provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this
Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the
part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been
authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor
by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt
such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same
effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

SECTION 613.  PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY.

                  The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust
Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b)
of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be
subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent indicated
therein.

SECTION 614.  APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT.

                  The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents
which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities issued upon original issue and upon exchange, registration of
transfer or partial redemption or pursuant to Section 306, and Securities so
authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be
valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee
hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication
and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of
authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and
delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate
of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent.
Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall at all
times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United
States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia having a
combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 or equivalent amount
expressed in a foreign currency and subject to supervision or examination by
Federal or State or District of Columbia authority or authority of such country.
If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually,
pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining
authority,

                                      48

<Page>

then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such
Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as
set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately
in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

                  Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be
merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation
resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such
Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the
corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall
continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be
otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any
paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

                  An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving
written notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any
time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice
thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a
notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall mail written notice of
such appointment by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders as their
names and addresses appear in the Security Register. Any successor
Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become
vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with
like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor
Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of
this Section.

                  The Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from
time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section, and
the Trustee shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the
provisions of Section 607.

                  If an appointment is made pursuant to this Section, the
Securities may have endorsed thereon, in addition to the Trustee's certificate
of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in the following
form:

                  "This is one of the Securities of the series designated
therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                      49

<Page>

                                         [TRUSTEE],
                                                  AS TRUSTEE

                                         By____________________________________,
                                                  AS AUTHENTICATING AGENT

                                         By_____________________________________
                                                  AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY."

                  Notwithstanding any provision of this Section 614 to the
contrary, if at any time any Authenticating Agent appointed hereunder with
respect to any series of Securities shall not also be acting as the Security
Registrar hereunder with respect to any series of Securities, then, in addition
to all other duties of an Authenticating Agent hereunder, such Authenticating
Agent shall also be obligated: (i) to furnish to the Security Registrar promptly
all information necessary to enable the Security Registrar to maintain at all
times an accurate and current Security Register; and (ii) prior to
authenticating any Security denominated in a foreign currency, to ascertain from
the Company the units of such foreign currency that are required to be
determined by the Company pursuant to Section 302.

                                  ARTICLE SEVEN

              HOLDER'S LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

SECTION 701.  COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS.

                  With respect to each series of Securities, the Company will
furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

                  (a)      semi-annually, not more than 15 days after each
         Regular Record Date relating to that series (or, if there is no Regular
         Record Date relating to that series, on January 1 and July 1), a list,
         in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and
         addresses of the Holders of that series as of such dates, and

                  (b)      at such other times as the Trustee may request in
         writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such
         request, a list of similar form and content, such list to be dated as
         of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is
         furnished;

PROVIDED, that so long as the Trustee is the Security Registrar, the Company
shall not be required to furnish or cause to be furnished such a list to the
Trustee. The Company shall otherwise comply with Section 310(a) of the Trust
Indenture Act.

                                      50

<Page>

SECTION 702.  PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS TO HOLDERS.

                  (a)      The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as
         is reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of Holders of each
         series contained in the most recent list furnished to the Trustee as
         provided in Section 701 and the names and addresses of Holders of each
         series received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar,
         if applicable. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as
         provided in Section 701 upon receipt of a new list so furnished. The
         Trustee shall otherwise comply with Section 310(a) of the Trust
         Indenture Act.

                  (b)      Holders of Securities may communicate pursuant to
         Section 312(b) the Trust Indenture Act with other Holders with respect
         to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities.

                  (c)      Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding
         the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the
         Company nor the Trustee nor any agent of either of them shall be held
         accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to
         the names and addresses of the Holders in accordance with Section
         702(b), regardless of the source from which such information was
         derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason
         of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under Section
         702(b). The Company, the Trustee, the Security Registrar and any other
         Person shall have the protection of Section 312(c) of the Trust
         Indenture Act.

SECTION 703.  REPORTS BY TRUSTEE.

                  (a)      Within 60 days after May 15 of each year after the
         execution of this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to
         Holders a brief report dated as of such May 15 that complies with
         Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

                  (b)      The Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) of the
         Trust Indenture Act.

                  (c)      Reports pursuant to this Section shall be transmitted
         by mail as required by Sections 313(c) and 313(d) of the Trust
         Indenture Act:

                           (1)      to all Holders of Securities, as the names
                  and addresses of such Holders appear in the Security Register;

                           (2)      to such Holders of Securities as have,
                  within the two years preceding such transmissions, filed their
                  names and addresses with the Trustee for that purpose; and

                           (3)      except in the case of reports pursuant to
                  Subsection (b) of this Section, to each Holder of a Security
                  whose name and address is preserved at the time by the
                  Trustee, as provided in Section 702(a).

                                      51

<Page>

                  (d)      A copy of each report pursuant to Subsection (a) or
         (b) of this Section 703 shall, at the time of its transmission to
         Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which
         any Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company.
         The Company will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on
         any stock exchange.

SECTION 704.  REPORTS BY COMPANY.

                  The Company shall file with the Trustee, within 15 days after
the Company is required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the
annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of
such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by
rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with
the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and shall otherwise comply with Section 314(a)
of the Trust Indenture Act.

                                  ARTICLE EIGHT

              CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

SECTION 801.  COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN TERMS.

                  The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other
Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as
an entirety to any Person, unless:

                  (1)      the Person formed by such consolidation or into which
         the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or
         transfer, or which leases, the properties and assets of the Company
         substantially as an entirety shall be a corporation, partnership or
         trust and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto,
         executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the
         Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium,
         if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to all
         the Securities and the performance of every covenant of this Indenture
         on the part of the Company to be performed or observed;

                  (2)      immediately after giving effect to such transaction,
         no Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and

                  (3)      the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such
         consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a
         supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction,
         such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all
         conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction
         have been complied with.

SECTION 802.  SUCCESSOR PERSON SUBSTITUTED.

                  Upon any consolidation by the Company with or merger by the
Company into any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the
properties and assets of the Company

                                      52

<Page>

substantially as an entirety in accordance with Section 801, the successor
Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to
which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be
substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under
this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named
as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in the case of such lease, the
predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this
Indenture and the Securities.

                                  ARTICLE NINE

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 901.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS.

                  Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when
authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to
time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form
satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

                  (1)      to evidence the succession of another Person to the
         Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of
         the Company herein and in the Securities; or

                  (2)      to add to the covenants of the Company for the
         benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such
         covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of
         Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included
         solely for the benefit of such series), to add any guarantees of any
         series of Securities, or to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or
         pledge any property to or with the Trustee or otherwise secure any
         series of the Securities or to surrender any right or power herein
         conferred upon the Company; or

                  (3)      to add any additional Events of Default with respect
         to all or any series of the Securities (and, if such Event of Default
         is applicable to less than all series of Securities, specifying the
         series to which such Event of Default is applicable); or

                  (4)      to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this
         Indenture, PROVIDED that any such change or elimination shall become
         effective only when there is no Security Outstanding of any series
         created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture which is
         adversely affected by such change in or elimination of such provision;
         or

                  (5)      to establish the form or terms of Securities of any
         series as permitted by Sections 201 and 301; or

                                      53

<Page>

                  (6)      to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture
         to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the
         defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to
         Section 401; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that any such action shall not
         adversely affect the interest of the Holders of Securities of such
         series or any other series of Securities in any material respect; or

                  (7)      to evidence and provide for the acceptance of
         appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the
         provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or
         facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one
         Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 611(b);

                  (8)      to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any
         provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other
         provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to
         matters or questions arising under this Indenture, PROVIDED such other
         provisions as may be made shall not adversely affect the interests of
         the Holders of Securities of any series in any material respect; or

                  (9) to comply with any requirement in order to effect or
         maintain qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 902.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS.

                  With the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series affected by such supplemental
indenture (acting as one class), by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company
and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the
Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the
purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any
of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of
the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the
Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby,

                  (1)      change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or
         any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce
         the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon, any
         Additional Amounts with respect thereto or any premium payable upon the
         redemption thereof, or change any obligation of the Company to pay
         Additional Amounts (except as contemplated by Section 801(1) and
         permitted by Section 901(1)), or reduce the amount of the principal of
         an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon
         a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
         Section 502, or change any Place of Payment where, or the coin or
         currency or currencies (including composite currencies) in which, any
         Security or any premium or any interest thereon or Additional Amounts
         with respect thereto is payable, or impair the right to institute suit
         for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity
         thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption
         Date), or

                                      54

<Page>

                  (2)      reduce the percentage in principal amount of
         Outstanding Securities, the consent of whose Holders is required for
         any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is
         required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this
         Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences)
         provided for in this Indenture, or

                  (3)      modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section
         512 or Section 1006, except to increase any such percentage or to
         provide with respect to any particular series the right to condition
         the effectiveness of any supplemental indenture as to that series on
         the consent of the Holders of a specified percentage of the aggregate
         principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such series (which
         provision may be made pursuant to Section 301 without the consent of
         any Holder) or to provide that certain other provisions of this
         Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the
         Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, PROVIDED,
         HOWEVER, that this clause shall not be deemed to require the consent of
         any Holder with respect to changes in the references to "the Trustee"
         and concomitant changes in this Section and Section 1006, or the
         deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of
         Sections 611(b) and 901(7).

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other
provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the
benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant
or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

                  It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this
Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture,
but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

SECTION 903.  EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

                  In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by,
any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications
thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled
to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying
upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental
indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but
shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which
affects the Trustee's own rights, duties, immunities or liabilities under this
Indenture or otherwise.

SECTION 904.  EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

                  Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this
Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such
supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and
every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered
hereunder shall be bound thereby.

                                      55

<Page>

SECTION 905.  CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

                  Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article
shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

SECTION 906.  REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

                  Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall
if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as
to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall
so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the
opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may
be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

                                ARTICLE TEN

                                 COVENANTS

SECTION 1001.  PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST.

                  The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each
series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of (and
premium, if any), interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the
Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of the Securities and
this Indenture.

SECTION 1002.  MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.

                  The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any
series of Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be
presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be
surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and
demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and
this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the
Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or
agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required
office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof,
such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the
Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.

                  The Company may also from time to time designate one or more
other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be
presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time
rescind such designations; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such designation or
rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain
an office or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for
such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any
such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such
other office or agency.

                                      56

<Page>

SECTION 1003.  MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.

                  If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent
with respect to any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of
the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on or any Additional Amounts
with respect to any of the Securities of that series, segregate and hold in
trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay
the principal (and premium, if any) or interest or any Additional Amounts so
becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed
of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or
failure so to act.

                  Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for
any series of Securities, the Company will, on or before each due date of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that series,
deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium,
if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the
benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and
(unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the
Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

                  The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of
Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an
instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to
the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will:

                  (1)      hold all sums held by it for the payment of the
         principal of (and premium, if any), interest on or any Additional
         Amounts with respect to Securities of that series in trust for the
         benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid
         to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

                  (2)      give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company
         (or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making
         of any payment of principal (and premium, if any), interest on or any
         Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of that series; and

                  (3)      at any time during the continuance of any such
         default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the
         Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

                  The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same trusts as those upon which sums were held by the Company or such
Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such
Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
money.

                  Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or
then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of (and
premium, if any) or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any
Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for three

                                      57

<Page>

years after such principal (and premium, if any) or interest or Additional
Amounts have become due and payable shall, unless otherwise required by
mandatory provisions of applicable escheat, or abandoned or unclaimed property
law, be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company)
shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall
thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for
payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with
respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee
thereof, shall thereupon cease; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Trustee or such
Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the
expense of the Company cause to be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper in
The Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York and in such other Authorized
Newspapers as the Trustee shall deem appropriate, notice that such money remains
unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than
30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money
then remaining will, unless otherwise required by mandatory provisions of
applicable escheat, or abandoned or unclaimed property law, be repaid to the
Company.

SECTION 1004.  EXISTENCE.

                  Subject to Article Eight, the Company will do or cause to be
done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its
corporate existence.

SECTION 1005.  STATEMENT BY OFFICERS AS TO DEFAULT.

                  The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after
the end of each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof so long
as any Security is outstanding hereunder, an Officers' Certificate complying
with Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, stating that a review of the
activities of the Company during such year and of performance under this
Indenture has been made under the supervision of the signers thereof and whether
or not to the best of their knowledge, based upon such review, the Company is in
default in the performance, observance or fulfillment of any of its covenants
and other obligations under this Indenture, and if the Company shall be in
default, specifying each such default known to them and the nature and status
thereof. One of the officers signing the Officers' Certificate delivered
pursuant to this Section 1005 shall be the principal executive, financial or
accounting officer of the Company.

                  For purposes of this Section, such compliance shall be
determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice
provided under this Indenture.

SECTION 1006.  WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS.

                  The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with
any covenant or condition set forth in Section 1004, or any covenant added for
the benefit of any series of Securities as contemplated by Section 301 (unless
otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301) if before or after the time for
such compliance the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of all series affected by such omission (acting as one class) shall,
by Act of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or
generally waive compliance with such covenant or condition, but no such waiver
shall extend to or affect such covenant or condition except to the

                                      58

<Page>

extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the
obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such
covenant or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 1007.  ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS.

                  If the Securities of a series expressly provide for the
payment of Additional Amounts, the Company will pay to the Holder of any
Security of such series Additional Amounts as expressly provided therein.
Whenever in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of
the principal of or any premium or interest on, or in respect of, any Security
of any series or the net proceeds received from the sale or exchange of any
Security of any series, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the
payment of Additional Amounts provided for in this Section to the extent that,
in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in respect
thereof pursuant to the provisions of this Section and express mention of the
payment of Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any provisions hereof shall not
be construed as excluding Additional Amounts in those provisions hereof where
such express mention is not made.

                  If the Securities of a series provide for the payment of
Additional Amounts, at least 10 days prior to the first Interest Payment Date
with respect to that series of Securities (or if the Securities of that series
will not bear interest prior to Maturity, the first day on which a payment of
principal and any premium is made), and at least 10 days prior to each date of
payment of principal and any premium or interest if there has been any change
with respect to the matters set forth in the below-mentioned Officers'
Certificate, the Company shall furnish the Trustee and the Company's principal
Paying Agent or Paying Agents, if other than the Trustee, with an Officers'
Certificate instructing the Trustee and such Paying Agent or Paying Agents
whether such payment of principal of and any premium or interest on the
Securities of that series shall be made to Holders of Securities of that series
who are United States Aliens without withholding for or on account of any tax,
assessment or other governmental charge described in the Securities of that
series. If any such withholding shall be required, then such Officers'
Certificate shall specify by country the amount, if any, required to be withheld
on such payments to such Holders of Securities and the Company will pay to such
Paying Agent the Additional Amounts required by this Section. The Company
covenants to indemnify the Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them
harmless against any loss, liability or expense reasonably incurred without
negligence or bad faith on their part arising out of or in connection with
actions taken or omitted by any of them in reliance on any Officers' Certificate
furnished pursuant to this Section 1007.

                                 ARTICLE ELEVEN

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1101.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

                  Securities of any series which are redeemable before their
Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except
as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of any
series) in accordance with this Article.

                                      59

<Page>

SECTION 1102.  ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE.

                  Unless otherwise provided with respect to the Securities of a
series as contemplated by Section 301, the election of the Company to redeem any
Securities shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption
at the election of the Company of less than all the Securities of any series,
the Company shall, a reasonable period prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the
Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify
the Trustee of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of
such series to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to
the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of
such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the
Trustee with an Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance with such
restriction. Any notice may be cancelled at any time prior to the mailing of
that notice of redemption to any Holder of the Securities of that series and
shall thereupon be void and of no effect.

SECTION 1103.  SELECTION BY TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED.

                  If less than all the Securities of any series are to be
redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more
than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding
Securities of such series not previously called for redemption, by such method
as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the
selection for redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized
denomination for Securities of that series or any integral multiple thereof) of
the principal amount of Securities of such series of a denomination larger than
the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series or of the
principal amount of global Securities of such series.

                  The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security
Registrar in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case
of any Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof
to be redeemed.

                  For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context
otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities
shall relate, in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in
part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been
or is to be redeemed.

SECTION 1104.  NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

                  Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in
Section 107 to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed not less than 30 nor
more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date.

                  All notices of redemption shall state:

                  (1)      the Redemption Date;

                  (2)      the Redemption Price;

                                      60

<Page>

                  (3)      if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any
         series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of
         partial redemption, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities
         to be redeemed;

                  (4)      that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will
         become due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if
         applicable, that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after
         said date;

                  (5)      the place or places where such Securities are to be
         surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price;

                  (6)      that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is
         the case; and

                  (7)      the "CUSIP" number, if applicable.

                  A notice of redemption as contemplated by Section 107 need not
identify particular Securities to be redeemed. Notice of redemption of
Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the
Company or, at the Company's request, by the Trustee in the name and at the
expense of the Company.

SECTION 1105.  DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE.

                  On or before any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit
with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own
Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount
of money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the
Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, and any
Additional Amounts with respect to, all the Securities which are to be redeemed
on that date.

SECTION 1106.  SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE.

                  Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the
Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and
payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date
(unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and
accrued interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender
of any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such
Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with
accrued interest (and any Additional Amounts) to the Redemption Date; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to
the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one
or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on
the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section
307.

                  If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid
upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any)
shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed
therefor in the Security or, in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities,
the Securities' Yield to Maturity.

                                      61

<Page>

SECTION 1107.  SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART.

                  Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be
surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee
so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof
or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security
without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and
Stated Maturity, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in
aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion
of the principal of the Security so surrendered.

SECTION 1108.  PURCHASE OF SECURITIES.

                  Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, the
Company and any Affiliate of the Company may at any time purchase or otherwise
acquire Securities in the open market or by private agreement. Such acquisition
shall not operate as or be deemed for any purpose to be a redemption of the
indebtedness represented by such Securities. Any Securities purchased or
acquired by the Company may be delivered to the Trustee and, upon such delivery,
the indebtedness represented thereby shall be deemed to be satisfied. Section
309 shall apply to all Securities so delivered.

                               ARTICLE TWELVE

                               SINKING FUNDS

SECTION 1201.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

                  The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any
sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of such series.

                  The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by
the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory
sinking fund payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided
for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an
"optional sinking fund payment." Unless otherwise provided by the terms of
Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be
subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment
shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for
by the terms of Securities of such series.

SECTION 1202.  SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES.

                  The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series
(other than any previously called for redemption), and (2) may apply as a credit
Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the
Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of
permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such

                                      62

<Page>

Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund
payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made
pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such
series; PROVIDED that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such
Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the
Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation
of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

SECTION 1203.  REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND.

                  Not less than 45 days prior (unless a shorter period shall be
satisfactory to the Trustee) to each sinking fund payment date for any series of
Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series
pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to
be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be
satisfied by delivery of or by crediting Securities of that series pursuant to
Section 1202 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so
delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the
Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund
payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and cause notice of the
redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company
in the manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice having been duly given, the
redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner
stated in Sections 1106 and 1107.

                                ARTICLE THIRTEEN

                        MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1301.  PURPOSES FOR WHICH MEETINGS MAY BE CALLED.

                  A meeting of Holders of Securities of any or all series may be
called at any time and from time to time pursuant to this Article to make, give
or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders
of Securities of such series.

SECTION 1302.  CALL, NOTICE AND PLACE OF MEETINGS.

                  (a)      The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of
Holders of Securities of any series for any purpose specified in Section 1301,
to be held at such time and at such place in [CITY, STATE], or in any other
location, as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of Holders
of Securities of any series, setting forth the time and the place of such
meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting,
shall be given, in the manner provided in Section 107, not less than 20 nor
more than 180 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.

                  (b)      In case at any time the Company, pursuant to a
Board Resolution, or the Holders of at least 10% in aggregate principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of any series, shall have requested the Trustee
for any such series to call a meeting of the Holders of Securities of

                                      63

<Page>

such series for any purpose specified in Section 1301, by written request
setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the
meeting, and the Trustee shall not have made the first publication of the notice
of such meeting within 30 days after receipt of such request or shall not
thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the
Company or the Holders of Securities of such series in the amount above
specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and the place in [CITY,
STATE], for such meeting and may call such meeting for such purposes by giving
notice thereof as provided in Subsection (a) of this Section.

SECTION 1303.  PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AT MEETINGS.

                  To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities
of any series, a Person shall be (1) a Holder of one or more Outstanding
Securities of such series, or (2) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing
as proxy for a Holder or Holders of one or more Outstanding Securities of such
series by such Holder or Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be
present or to speak at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall
be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any
representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the
Company and its counsel.

SECTION 1304.  QUORUM; ACTION.

                  The Persons entitled to vote a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for a
meeting of Holders of Securities of such series. In the absence of a quorum
within 30 minutes of the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall,
if convened at the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be
dissolved. In any other case, the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not
less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the
adjournment of such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any such adjourned
meeting, such adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not
less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the
adjournment of such adjourned meeting. Subject to Section 1305(d), notice of the
reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall be given as provided in Section
1302(a), except that such notice need be given only once not less than five days
prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of
the reconvening of an adjourned meeting shall state expressly that Persons
entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of
such series shall constitute a quorum.

                  Except as limited by the first proviso to Section 902, any
resolution presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which
a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the
Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of that series; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, except as limited by the
first proviso to Section 902, any resolution with respect to any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver which this Indenture
expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified
percentage that is less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of a series may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned
meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the
affirmative vote of the Holders of such specified percentage in aggregate
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series.

                                      64

<Page>

                  Except as limited by the first proviso to Section 902, any
resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of Securities of
any series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be binding on all the
Holders of Securities of such series, whether or not present or represented at
the meeting.

SECTION 1305.  DETERMINATION OF VOTING RIGHTS; CONDUCT AND ADJOURNMENT OF
MEETINGS.

                  (a)      The holding of Securities shall be proved in the
         manner specified in Section 105 and the appointment of any proxy shall
         be proved in the manner specified in Section 105. Such regulations may
         provide that written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their
         face, may be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in
         Section 105 or other proof.

                  (b)      The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing,
         appoint a temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall
         have been called by the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided
         in Section 1302(b), in which case the Company or the Holders of
         Securities of the series calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall
         appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent chairman and a permanent
         secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Persons
         entitled to vote a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
         Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting.

                  (c)      At any meeting each Holder of a Security of such
         series and each proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000
         principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series held or
         represented by him; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no vote shall be cast or
         counted at any meeting in respect of any Security challenged as not
         Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not
         Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote,
         except as a Holder of a Security of such series or as a proxy.

                  (d)      Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series
         duly called pursuant to Section 1302 at which a quorum is present may
         be adjourned from time to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority
         in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
         series represented at the meeting; and the meeting may be held as so
         adjourned without further notice.

SECTION 1306.  COUNTING VOTES AND RECORDING ACTION OF MEETINGS.

                  The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of
Holders of Securities of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall
be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of
their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of
the Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The
permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who
shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who
shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written
reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at least in
duplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any
series shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be
attached to such record the original reports of the

                                      65

<Page>

inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or
more persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of
the meeting and showing that such notice was given as provided in Section 1302
and, if applicable, Section 1304. Each copy shall be signed and verified by the
affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such
copy shall be delivered to the Company, and another to the Trustee to be
preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted
at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence
of the matters therein stated.

                           *         *          *

                  This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts,
each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such
counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

                  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this
Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

                                       KEY ENERGY SERVICES, INC.

                                       By:
                                          --------------------------------------
                                                Name:
                                                Title:

                                       [TRUSTEE], Trustee

                                       By:
                                          --------------------------------------
                                                Name:
                                                Title:

                                      66<Page>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            KEY ENERGY SERVICES, INC.

                                       AND

                                    [TRUSTEE],

                                     TRUSTEE

                  ---------------------------------------------

                                    INDENTURE

                                   DATED AS OF

                           -------------------, -----

                                 DEBT SECURITIES
                               (SUBORDINATED DEBT)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<Page>

<Table>
<Caption>

                                             Key Energy Services, Inc.

                            Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939
                                and Indenture, dated as of _________________, _____

                                     ----------------------------------------

Section of
Trust Indenture                                                                                   Section(s) of
Act of 1939                                                                                         Indenture
-----------                                                                                         ---------
<S>           <C>                                                                                 <C>

Section 310   (a)(1)...............................................................................    609
              (a)(2)...............................................................................    609
              (a)(3)...............................................................................    Not Applicable
              (a)(4)...............................................................................    Not Applicable
              (b)..................................................................................    608, 610
Section 311   (a)..................................................................................    613
              (b)..................................................................................    613
              (c)..................................................................................    Not Applicable
Section 312   (a)..................................................................................    701, 702(a)
              (b)..................................................................................    702(b)
              (c)..................................................................................    702(c)
Section 313   (a)..................................................................................    703(a)
              (b)..................................................................................    703(b)
              (c)..................................................................................    703(c)
              (d)..................................................................................    703(d)
Section 314   (a)..................................................................................    704, 1005
              (b)..................................................................................    Not Applicable
              (c)(1)...............................................................................    103
              (c)(2)...............................................................................    103
              (c)(3)...............................................................................    Not Applicable
              (d)..................................................................................    Not Applicable
              (e)..................................................................................    103
Section 315   (a)..................................................................................    601(a)
              (b)..................................................................................    602
              (c)..................................................................................    601(b)
              (d)..................................................................................    601(c)
              (d)(1)...............................................................................    601(a)(1)
              (d)(2)...............................................................................    601(c)(2)
              (d)(3)...............................................................................    601(c)(3)
              (e)..................................................................................    513
Section 316   (a)(1)(A)............................................................................    502, 511
              (a)(1)(B)............................................................................    512
              (a)(2)...............................................................................    Not Applicable
              (a)(last sentence)...................................................................    101
              (b)..................................................................................    508
Section 317   (a)(1)...............................................................................    503
              (a)(2)...............................................................................    504
              (b)..................................................................................    1003
Section 318   (a)..................................................................................    108

</Table>
---------------------

Note:    This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be
         a part of the Indenture.

<Page>

                                                 TABLE OF CONTENTS

<Table>
<Caption>
                                                                                                               Page
                                                                                                               ----
<S>                                                                                                            <C>

RECITALS OF THE COMPANY...........................................................................................1

                                                    ARTICLE ONE

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS
OF GENERAL APPLICATION

SECTION 101.  DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................1
         Act......................................................................................................2
         Additional Amounts.......................................................................................2
         Affiliate................................................................................................2
         Agent Members............................................................................................2
         Authenticating Agent.....................................................................................2
         Authorized Newspaper.....................................................................................2
         Board of Directors.......................................................................................2
         Board Resolution.........................................................................................2
         Business Day.............................................................................................3
         Capital Stock............................................................................................3
         Capitalized Lease Obligation.............................................................................3
         Commission...............................................................................................3
         Company..................................................................................................3
         Company Request and Company Order........................................................................3
         Conversion Event.........................................................................................3
         Corporate Trust Office...................................................................................3
         Defaulted Interest.......................................................................................4
         Depositary...............................................................................................4
         Designated Senior Indebtedness...........................................................................4
         Disqualified Capital Stock...............................................................................4
         Dollar...................................................................................................4
         Event of Default.........................................................................................4
         Exchange Rate............................................................................................4
         Holder...................................................................................................5
         Indebtedness.............................................................................................5
         Indenture................................................................................................5
         Interest.................................................................................................5
         Interest Payment Date....................................................................................5
         Interest Swap and Hedging Obligation.....................................................................5
         Judgment Currency........................................................................................5
         Junior security..........................................................................................5
         Maturity.................................................................................................6

                                                         i
<Page>

         Obligations..............................................................................................6
         Officers' Certificate....................................................................................6
         Opinion of Counsel.......................................................................................6
         Original Issue Discount Security.........................................................................6
         Outstanding..............................................................................................6
         Paying Agent.............................................................................................7
         Payment Default..........................................................................................7
         Payment Notice...........................................................................................7
         Person...................................................................................................7
         Place of Payment.........................................................................................7
         Predecessor Security.....................................................................................7
         Qualified Capital Stock..................................................................................8
         Redemption Date..........................................................................................8
         Redemption Price.........................................................................................8
         Regular Record Date......................................................................................8
         Required Currency........................................................................................8
         Responsible Officer......................................................................................8
         Securities...............................................................................................8
         Security Custodian.......................................................................................8
         Security Register........................................................................................8
         Senior Indebtedness......................................................................................8
         Special Record Date......................................................................................9
         Stated Maturity..........................................................................................9
         Subsidiary...............................................................................................9
         Trustee..................................................................................................9
         Trust Indenture Act......................................................................................9
         United States............................................................................................9
         United States Alien......................................................................................9
         U.S. Government Obligations..............................................................................9
         Vice President..........................................................................................10
         Wholly Owned Subsidiary.................................................................................10
         Yield to Maturity.......................................................................................10
SECTION 102.  INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF TRUST INDENTURE ACT..................................................10
SECTION 103.  COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS...............................................................10
SECTION 104.  FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE.............................................................11
SECTION 105.  ACTS OF HOLDERS; RECORD DATES......................................................................12
SECTION 106.  NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY..............................................................13
SECTION 107.  NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER OF NOTICE................................................................13
SECTION 108.  CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT..................................................................14
SECTION 109.  EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................14
SECTION 110.  SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS.............................................................................14
SECTION 111.  SEPARABILITY CLAUSE................................................................................14
SECTION 112.  BENEFITS OF INDENTURE..............................................................................14
SECTION 113.  GOVERNING LAW......................................................................................14

                                                        ii
<Page>

SECTION 114.  LEGAL HOLIDAYS.....................................................................................15
SECTION 115.  CORPORATE OBLIGATION...............................................................................15

                                                    ARTICLE TWO

SECURITY FORMS

SECTION 201.  FORMS GENERALLY....................................................................................15
SECTION 202.  FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION....................................................16
SECTION 203.  SECURITIES IN GLOBAL FORM..........................................................................16

                                                   ARTICLE THREE

THE SECURITIES

SECTION 301.  AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES...............................................................19
SECTION 302.  DENOMINATIONS......................................................................................22
SECTION 303.  EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION DELIVERY AND DATING......................................................22
SECTION 304.  TEMPORARY SECURITIES...............................................................................23
SECTION 305.  REGISTRATION, REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE................................................24
SECTION 306.  MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES...................................................25
SECTION 307.  PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED.....................................................26
SECTION 308.  PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS..............................................................................27
SECTION 309.  CANCELLATION.......................................................................................27
SECTION 310.  COMPUTATION OF INTEREST............................................................................27
SECTION 311.  CUSIP NUMBERS......................................................................................28

                                                   ARTICLE FOUR

SATISFACTION, DISCHARGE AND DEFEASANCE

SECTION 401.  SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE............................................................28
SECTION 402.  APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY.........................................................................30
SECTION 403.  DISCHARGE OF LIABILITY ON SECURITIES OF ANY SERIES.................................................30
SECTION 404.  APPLICABILITY OF DEFEASANCE PROVISIONS; COMPANY'S OPTION TO EFFECT DEFEASANCE
               OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE............................................................................31
SECTION 405.  DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE...........................................................................31
SECTION 406.  COVENANT DEFEASANCE................................................................................32
SECTION 407.  CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE....................................................32
SECTION 408.  DEPOSITED MONEY AND GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.....................................34
SECTION 409.  REPAYMENT TO COMPANY...............................................................................34
SECTION 410.  INDEMNITY FOR GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS...............................................................34
SECTION 411.  REINSTATEMENT......................................................................................34

                                                        iii
<Page>

                                                   ARTICLE FIVE

REMEDIES

SECTION 501.  EVENTS OF DEFAULT..................................................................................35
SECTION 502.  ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT.................................................37
SECTION 503.  COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE....................................38
SECTION 504.  TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM...................................................................39
SECTION 505.  TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF SECURITIES OR COUPONS.............................39
SECTION 506.  APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED.....................................................................40
SECTION 507.  LIMITATION ON SUITS................................................................................40
SECTION 508.  UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PRINCIPAL PREMIUM AND INTEREST...........................41
SECTION 509.  RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.................................................................41
SECTION 510.  RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE.....................................................................42
SECTION 511.  DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.......................................................................42
SECTION 512.  CONTROL BY HOLDERS.................................................................................42
SECTION 513.  WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS............................................................................42
SECTION 514.  UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS..............................................................................43
SECTION 515.  WAIVER OF STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS...................................................................43

                                                    ARTICLE SIX

THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 601.  CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES................................................................44
SECTION 602.  NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.................................................................................45
SECTION 603.  CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE..........................................................................45
SECTION 604.  NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES.............................................46
SECTION 605.  MAY HOLD SECURITIES................................................................................46
SECTION 606.  MONEY HELD IN TRUST................................................................................47
SECTION 607.  COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT.....................................................................47
SECTION 608.  DISQUALIFICATION; CONFLICTING INTERESTS............................................................47
SECTION 609.  CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY............................................................48
SECTION 610.  RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR..................................................48
SECTION 611.  ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR.............................................................50
SECTION 612.  MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS........................................51
SECTION 613.  PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY..................................................51
SECTION 614.  APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT................................................................51

                                                   ARTICLE SEVEN

HOLDER'S LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

                                                        iv
<Page>

SECTION 701.  COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS..........................................53
SECTION 702.  PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS TO HOLDERS.............................................54
SECTION 703.  REPORTS BY TRUSTEE.................................................................................54
SECTION 704.  REPORTS BY COMPANY.................................................................................55

                                                   ARTICLE EIGHT

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

SECTION 801.  COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN TERMS...............................................55
SECTION 802.  SUCCESSOR PERSON SUBSTITUTED.......................................................................56

                                                   ARTICLE NINE

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 901.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS.................................................56
SECTION 902.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS....................................................57
SECTION 903.  EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES...............................................................58
SECTION 904.  EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES..................................................................58
SECTION 905.  CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT................................................................59
SECTION 906.  REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.................................................59

                                                    ARTICLE TEN

COVENANTS

SECTION 1001.  PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST........................................................59
SECTION 1002.  MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY...................................................................59
SECTION 1003.  MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.................................................60
SECTION 1004.  EXISTENCE.........................................................................................61
SECTION 1005.  STATEMENT BY OFFICERS AS TO DEFAULT...............................................................61
SECTION 1006.  WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS.......................................................................62
SECTION 1007.  ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS................................................................................62

                                                  ARTICLE ELEVEN

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1101.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE..........................................................................63
SECTION 1102.  ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE.............................................................63
SECTION 1103.  SELECTION BY TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED.................................................63
SECTION 1104.  NOTICE OF REDEMPTION..............................................................................64
SECTION 1105.  DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE.......................................................................64

                                                         v
<Page>

SECTION 1106.  SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE.............................................................65
SECTION 1107.  SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART.......................................................................65
SECTION 1108.  PURCHASE OF SECURITIES............................................................................65

                                                  ARTICLE TWELVE

SINKING FUNDS
SECTION 1201.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE..........................................................................66
SECTION 1202.  SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES.............................................66
SECTION 1203.  REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND.........................................................66

                                                 ARTICLE THIRTEEN

SUBORDINATION

SECTION 1301.  SECURITIES SUBORDINATED TO SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS....................................................67
SECTION 1302.  NO PAYMENT ON SECURITIES IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES.................................................67
SECTION 1303.  SECURITIES SUBORDINATED TO PRIOR PAYMENT OF ALL SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS ON
               DISSOLUTION, LIQUIDATION OR REORGANIZATION........................................................68
SECTION 1304.  SUBROGATION TO RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS...........................................69
SECTION 1305.  OBLIGATIONS OF THE COMPANY UNCONDITIONAL..........................................................70
SECTION 1306.  TRUSTEE ENTITLED TO ASSUME PAYMENTS NOT PROHIBITED IN ABSENCE OF NOTICE...........................71
SECTION 1307.  APPLICATION BY TRUSTEE OF AMOUNTS DEPOSITED WITH IT...............................................71
SECTION 1308.  SUBORDINATION RIGHTS NOT IMPAIRED BY ACTS OR OMISSIONS OF THE COMPANY OR
               HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS....................................................................71
SECTION 1309.  TRUSTEE TO EFFECTUATE SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES.................................................72
SECTION 1310.  RIGHT OF TRUSTEE TO HOLD SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS......................................................72
SECTION 1311.  ARTICLE THIRTEEN NOT TO PREVENT EVENTS OF DEFAULT.................................................72
SECTION 1312.  NO FIDUCIARY DUTY OF TRUSTEE TO HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS....................................72
SECTION 1313.  ARTICLE APPLICABLE TO PAYING AGENT................................................................73

                                                 ARTICLE FOURTEEN

MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1401.  PURPOSES FOR WHICH MEETINGS MAY BE CALLED.........................................................73
SECTION 1402.  CALL, NOTICE AND PLACE OF MEETINGS................................................................73
SECTION 1403.  PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AT MEETINGS..............................................................74
SECTION 1404.  QUORUM; ACTION....................................................................................74
SECTION 1405.  DETERMINATION OF VOTING RIGHTS; CONDUCT AND ADJOURNMENT OF MEETINGS...............................75
SECTION 1406.  COUNTING VOTES AND RECORDING ACTION OF MEETINGS...................................................75

</Table>

                                                        vi
<Page>

                  INDENTURE, dated as of _______________, _____ between KEY
ENERGY SERVICES, INC., a corporation duly organized and existing under the
laws of the State of Maryland (herein called the "Company"), having its
principal office at 400 South River Road, New Hope, Pennsylvania 18938 , and
[TRUSTEE], a [national banking association], as Trustee (herein called the
"Trustee"), the office of the Trustee at which at the date hereof its
corporate trust business is principally administered being [TRUSTEE'S ADDRESS].

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

                  The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of
this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its subordinated
debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the
"Securities"), to be issued in one or more series as in this Indenture provided.

                  This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated
thereunder that are required to be part of this Indenture and, to the extent
applicable, shall be governed by such provisions.

                  All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement
of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

                  NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

                  For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of
the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for
the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of
series thereof, as follows:

                                   ARTICLE ONE

                        DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS
                             OF GENERAL APPLICATION

SECTION 101.  DEFINITIONS.

                  For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise
expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

                  (1)      the terms defined in this Article have the meanings
         assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the
         singular;

                  (2)      all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein
         have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally
         accepted accounting principles in the United States, and, except as
         otherwise herein expressly provided, the term "generally accepted
         accounting principles" with respect to any computation required or
         permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles as are
         generally accepted in the United States at the date of such
         computation;

                                       2

<Page>

                  (3)      the words "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder" and
         other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and
         not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; and

                  (4)      Certain terms, used principally in Article Six, are
         defined in Section 102.

                  "Act", when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning
specified in Section 105.

                  "Additional Amounts" means any additional amounts that are
required by the express terms of a Security or by or pursuant to a Board
Resolution, under circumstances specified therein or pursuant thereto, to be
paid by the Company with respect to certain taxes, assessments or other
governmental charges imposed on certain Holders and that are owing to such
Holders.

                  "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect
common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise;
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the
foregoing.

                  "Agent Members" has the meaning specified in Section 203.

                  "Authenticating Agent" means any Person, which may include the
Company, authorized by the Trustee to act on behalf of the Trustee pursuant to
Section 614 to authenticate Securities of one or more series.

                  "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper, in the English
language or in an official language of the country of publication, customarily
published on each Business Day, whether or not published on Saturdays, Sundays
or holidays, and of general circulation in the place in connection with which
the term is used or in the financial community of such place. Where successive
publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive
publications may be made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city
meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any Business Day.

                  "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11 of the United States Code or
any similar federal, state or foreign law for the relief of debtors.

                  "Board of Directors" means either the board of directors of
the Company or any duly authorized committee of that board.

                  "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted
by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

                                       3

<Page>

                  "Business Day", when used with respect to any Place of
Payment, means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not
a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or
obligated by law or executive order to close.

                  "Capital Stock" means, with respect to any Person, any and all
shares, interests, rights to purchase (other than convertible or exchangeable
Indebtedness), warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or
interests (however designated) in stock issued by that Person.

                  "Capitalized Lease Obligation" means rental obligations under
a lease that are required to be capitalized for financial reporting purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and the amount of
Indebtedness represented by such obligations shall be the capitalized amount of
such obligations, as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles.

                  "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission
created under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as from time to
time constituted, or, if at any time after the execution of this instrument such
Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under
the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.

                  "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor Person.

                  "Company Request" and "Company Order" mean, respectively, a
written request or order signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of
the Board, its President or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant
Treasurer, its Controller, an Assistant Controller, its Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee.

                  "Conversion Event" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

                  "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal office of the
Trustee in [TRUSTEE'S CITY AND STATE] at which at any particular time its
corporate trust business shall be principally administered, which office at the
date hereof is that indicated in the introductory paragraph of this Indenture.

                  "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

                  "Depositary" means, with respect to the Securities of any
series issuable or issued in whole or in part in global form, the Person
designated as Depositary by the Company pursuant to Section 301 with respect to
the Securities of such series until a successor Depositary shall have become
such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Depositary" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Depositary
hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, "Depositary"
as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean each such
Person.

                                       4

<Page>

                  "Designated Senior Indebtedness," unless otherwise provided
with respect to the Securities of a series as contemplated by Section 301, means
any Senior Indebtedness that (a) in the instrument evidencing the same or the
assumption or guarantee thereof (or related documents to which the Company is a
party) is expressly designated as "Designated Senior Indebtedness" for purposes
of this Indenture and (b) satisfies such other conditions as may be provided
with respect to the Securities of such series; PROVIDED that such instruments or
documents may place limitations and conditions on the right of such Senior
Indebtedness to exercise the rights of Designated Senior Indebtedness.

                  "Disqualified Capital Stock" means, when used with respect to
the Securities of any series, (a) except as set forth in (b), with respect to
any Person, Capital Stock of such Person that, by its terms or by the terms of
any security into which it is convertible, exercisable or exchangeable, is, or
upon the happening of an event or the passage of time would be, required to be
redeemed or repurchased (including at the option of the holder thereof) by such
Person or any Subsidiary of such Person, in whole or in part, on or prior to the
final Stated Maturity of the Securities of such series, and (b) with respect to
any Subsidiary of such Person (including with respect to any Subsidiary of the
Company), any Capital Stock other than any common stock with no preference,
privileges, or redemption or repayment provisions. Notwithstanding the preceding
sentence, any Capital Stock that would constitute Disqualified Capital Stock
solely because the holders thereof have the right to require the Company to
repurchase such Capital Stock upon the occurrence of a change of control or an
asset sale shall not constitute Disqualified Capital Stock if the terms of such
Capital Stock provide that the Company may not repurchase or redeem any such
Capital Stock pursuant to such provisions unless such repurchase or redemption
complies with any provision hereof which requires the purchase, in whole or in
part, of the Securities upon the occurrence of such change of control or asset
sale.

                  "Dollar" or "$" means a dollar or other equivalent unit in
such coin or currency of the United States as at the time shall be legal tender
for the payment of public and private debts.

                  "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

                  "Exchange Rate" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

                  "Holder", when used with respect to any Security, means the
Person in whose name the Security is registered in the Security Register.

                  "Indebtedness" of any Person, unless otherwise provided with
respect to the Securities of a series as contemplated by Section 301, means,
without duplication, the following (whether currently outstanding or hereafter
incurred or created): (i) all liabilities and obligations, contingent or
otherwise, of any such Person (a) in respect of borrowed money (whether the
recourse of the lender is to the whole of the assets of such Person or only to a
portion thereof), (b) evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or similar
instruments, (c) representing the balance deferred and unpaid of the purchase
price of any property or services, except such as would constitute trade
payables to trade creditors in the ordinary course of business, (d) evidenced by
bankers' acceptances or similar

                                       5

<Page>

instruments issued or accepted by banks, (e) for the payment of money relating
to a Capitalized Lease Obligation or (f) evidenced by a letter of credit or a
reimbursement obligation of such Person with respect to any letter of credit;
(ii) all net obligations of such Person under Interest Swap and Hedging
Obligations; and (iii) all liabilities of others of the kind described in the
preceding clause (i) or (ii) that such Person has guaranteed or that is
otherwise its legal liability and all obligations to purchase, redeem or acquire
any Capital Stock.

                  "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed or as
it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof
and shall include the terms of a particular series of Securities established as
contemplated by Section 301 and the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that
are deemed to be a part of and govern this instrument.

                  "interest", when used with respect to an Original Issue
Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means
interest payable after Maturity.

                  "Interest Payment Date", when used with respect to any
Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such
Security.

                  "Interest Swap and Hedging Obligation" means any obligation of
any Person pursuant to any interest rate swap agreement, interest rate cap
agreement, interest rate collar agreement, interest rate exchange agreement,
currency exchange agreement or any other agreement or arrangement designed to
protect against fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates or currency
values, including, without limitation, any arrangement whereby, directly or
indirectly, such Person is entitled to receive from time to time periodic
payments calculated by applying either a fixed or floating rate of interest on a
stated notional amount in exchange for periodic payments made by such Person
calculated by applying a fixed or floating rate of interest on the same notional
amount.

                  "Judgment Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 506.

                  "Junior security" of a Person means, when used with respect to
the Securities of any series, any Qualified Capital Stock of such Person and any
Indebtedness of such Person that is subordinated in right of payment to the
Securities of such series to at least the same extent as the Securities of such
series are subordinated to Senior Debt.

                  "Maturity", when used with respect to any Security, means the
date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal
becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated
Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

                  "Obligations" means any principal, interest (including
interest accruing on or after the date a bankruptcy case is commenced by or
against any Person obligated therefor, whether a claim for post-petition
interest is allowed in such bankruptcy case), premium (if any), penalties, fees,

                                       6

<Page>

indemnifications, reimbursements, damages and other liabilities payable under
the documentation governing any Indebtedness.

                  "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the
Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer,
the Controller, the Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer, Assistant Controller or
Assistant Secretary, of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee, which
certificate shall comply with Section 103 hereof.

                  "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who
may be counsel for or an employee of the Company, rendered, if applicable, in
accordance with Section 314(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, which opinion shall
comply with Section 103 hereof.

                  "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which
provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and
payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
Section 502.

                  "Outstanding", when used with respect to Securities of a
series, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities of such series
theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, EXCEPT:

                  (i)      Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or
         delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

                  (ii)     Securities for whose payment or redemption money in
         the necessary amount has been theretofore irrevocably deposited with
         the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or
         set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall
         act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities;
         PROVIDED that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such
         redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision
         therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; and

                  (iii)    Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section
         306 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been
         authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any
         such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to
         the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a
         bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid
         obligations of the Company;

PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, or whether a
quorum is present at a meeting of Holders of Securities, (a) the principal
amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed to be
Outstanding for such purposes shall be the principal amount thereof that would
be due and payable as of the date of such determination if the Maturity thereof
were accelerated on such date pursuant to Section 502, (b) the principal amount
of a Security denominated in a foreign currency shall be the U.S. dollar
equivalent, determined by the Company on the date of original issuance of such
Security, of the

                                       7

<Page>

principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the
U.S. dollar equivalent, determined on the date of original issuance of such
Security, of the amount determined as provided in (a) above), of such Security
and (c) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities
or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded
and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the
Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver or upon any such
determination as to the presence of a quorum, only Securities which the Trustee
knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have
been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee
establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act
with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any
other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such
other obligor.

                  "Paying Agent" means any Person, which may include the
Company, authorized by the Company to pay the principal of (and premium, if any)
or interest on or Additional Amounts with respect to any one or more series of
Securities on behalf of the Company.

                  "Payment Default" has the meaning specified in Section
1302(a).

                  "Payment Notice" has the meaning specified in Section 1302(b).

                  "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership,
limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company,
trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political
subdivision thereof or any other entity of any kind.

                  "Place of Payment", when used with respect to the Securities
of any series, means the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if
any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities
of that series are payable as specified in accordance with Section 301 subject
to the provisions of Section 1002.

                  "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every
previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced
by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any
Security authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in
lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to
evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

                  "Qualified Capital Stock" means any Capital Stock of the
Company that is not Disqualified Capital Stock.

                  "Redemption Date", when used with respect to any Security to
be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to the
terms of such Security and this Indenture.

                  "Redemption Price", when used with respect to any Security to
be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to the terms
of such Security and this Indenture.

                                       8

<Page>

                  "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest
Payment Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that
purpose as contemplated by Section 301, or, if not so specified, the last day of
the calendar month preceding such Interest Payment Date if such Interest Payment
Date is the fifteenth day of the calendar month or the fifteenth day of the
calendar month preceding such Interest Payment Date if such Interest Payment
Date is the first day of a calendar month, whether or not such day shall be a
Business Day.

                  "Required Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 506.

                  "Responsible Officer", when used with respect to the Trustee,
means the Chairman or any Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chairman
or any Vice Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors, the
Chairman of the Trust Committee, the President, any Vice President, the
Secretary, any Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the
Cashier, any Assistant Cashier, any Trust Officer or Assistant Trust Officer,
the Controller or any Assistant Controller or any other officer of the Trustee
customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above
designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust
matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his
knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

                  "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital of
this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture.

                  "Security Custodian" means, with respect to Securities of a
series issued in global form, the Trustee for Securities of such series, acting
in its capacity as custodian with respect to the Securities of such series, or
any successor entity thereto, or any other Person designated by such Trustee, or
such successor entity, to act as custodian with respect to the Securities of
such series.

                  "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the
respective meanings specified in Section 305.

                  "Senior Indebtedness" of any Person, unless otherwise provided
with respect to the Securities of a series as contemplated by Section 301, means
(i) all Indebtedness of such Person, whether currently outstanding or hereafter
issued, unless, by the terms of the instrument creating or evidencing such
Indebtedness, it is provided that such Indebtedness is not superior in right of
payment to the Securities or to other Indebtedness which is PARI PASSU with or
subordinated to the Securities, (ii) all Interest Swap and Hedging Obligations
with respect to items described in the preceding clause (i), (iii) all
Obligations with respect to the items described in the preceding clauses (i) and
(ii), and (iv) any modifications, refundings, deferrals, renewals or extensions
of any such Indebtedness or securities, notes or other evidences of Indebtedness
issued in exchange for such Indebtedness; PROVIDED that in no event shall
"Senior Indebtedness" include (a) Indebtedness of such Person owed or owing to
any Subsidiary of such Person, (b) any trade payable incurred by such Person for
the purchase of goods or materials or for services obtained in the ordinary
course of business or (c) any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes
owed or owing by such Person.

                                       9

<Page>

                  "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted
Interest on the Securities of any series means a date fixed by the Trustee
pursuant to Section 307.

                  "Stated Maturity", when used with respect to any Security or
any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date
specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such
Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

                  "Subsidiary" means a corporation more than 50% of the
outstanding voting stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the
Company or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more
other Subsidiaries. For the purposes of this definition, "voting stock" means
stock which ordinarily has voting power for the election of directors, whether
at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock has such voting power
by reason of any contingency.

                  "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939,
as amended, as in force at the date as of which this Indenture was executed,
except as provided in Section 905.

                  "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and
if at any time there is more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with
respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to
Securities of that series.

                  "United States" means the United States of America (including
the States and the District of Columbia) and its "possessions", which include
Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island and the
Northern Mariana Islands.

                  "United States Alien" means any Person who, for United States
federal income tax purposes, is a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien
individual, a non-resident alien or foreign fiduciary of an estate or trust, or
a foreign partnership.

                  "U.S. Government Obligations" has the meaning specified in
Section 401.

                  "Vice President" when used with respect to the Company or the
Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a
word or words added before or after the title "vice president".

                  "Wholly Owned Subsidiary" means a corporation all the
outstanding voting stock, or other equity interests (other than any directors'
qualifying shares) of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or
by one or more other Wholly Owned Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or
more other Wholly Owned Subsidiaries. For the purposes of this definition,
"voting stock" means stock which ordinarily has voting power for the election of
directors, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock has
such voting power by reason of any contingency.

                                      10

<Page>

                  "Yield to Maturity", when used with respect to any Original
Issue Discount Security, means the yield to maturity, if any, set forth on the
face thereof.

SECTION 102.  INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

                  Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the Trust
Indenture Act, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of
this Indenture. The following Trust Indenture Act terms used in this Indenture
have the following meanings:

                  "indenture securities" means the Securities.

                  "indenture security holder" means a Holder.

                  "indenture to be qualified" means this Indenture.

                  "indenture trustee" or "institutional trustee" means the
Trustee.

                  "obligor" on the indenture securities means the Company or
any other obligor on the Securities.

                  All terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the Trust
Indenture Act, defined by Trust Indenture Act reference to another statute or
defined by a Commission rule under the Trust Indenture Act and not otherwise
defined herein have the meanings assigned to them therein.

SECTION 103.  COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS.

                  Except as otherwise expressly provided by this Indenture, upon
any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action
under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee
an Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any
(including any covenants the compliance with which constitutes a condition
precedent, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have
been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such
counsel all such conditions precedent, if any (including any covenants the
compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent) have been complied
with, except that in the case of any such application or request as to which the
furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this
Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional
certificate or opinion need be furnished.

                  Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include

                  (1)      a statement that each Person signing such
         certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the
         definitions herein relating thereto;

                                      11

<Page>

                  (2)      a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
         examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions
         contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

                  (3)      a statement that, in the opinion of each such Person,
         such Person has made such examination or investigation as is necessary
         to enable such Person to express an informed opinion as to whether or
         not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

                  (4)      a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each
         such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

SECTION 104.  FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE.

                  In any case where several matters are required to be certified
by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that
all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one
such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one
or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify
or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

                  Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be
based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of,
or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are
erroneous. Any such certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as
it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the
information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the
Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should
know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such
matters are erroneous.

                  Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or
more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or
other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated
and form one instrument.

SECTION 105.  ACTS OF HOLDERS; RECORD DATES.

         (a)      Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or
taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments
of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent
duly appointed in writing. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such
action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments or record
thereof or both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly
required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record
(and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes

                                      12

<Page>

referred to as the "Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments
and so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or
of a writing appointing any such agent, or the holding of any Person of a
Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to
Section 601) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the
manner provided in this Section. The record of any meeting of Holders of
Securities shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 1406.

                  The Company may set in advance a record date for purposes of
determining the identity of Holders of Securities entitled to vote or consent to
any action by vote or consent authorized or permitted under this Indenture. If a
record date is fixed, those Persons who were Holders of Outstanding Securities
at such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those Persons,
shall be entitled with respect to such Securities to take such action by vote or
consent or to revoke any vote or consent previously given, whether or not such
Persons continue to be Holders after such record date. Promptly after any record
date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Company, at its own expense, shall
cause notice thereof to be given to the Trustee in writing in the manner
provided in Section 106 and to the relevant Holders as set forth in Section 107.

                  (b)      The fact and date of the execution by any Person of
any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of
such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer
authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the
individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the
execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity
other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also
constitute sufficient proof of his authority. The fact and date of the
execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person
executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee
deems sufficient.

                  (c)      The principal amount and serial numbers of
Securities held by any Person, and the date of holding the same, shall be
proved by the Security Register.

                  (d)      Any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind
every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security
issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in
lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by
the Trustee or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of
such action is made upon such Security. Any Holder or subsequent Holder may
revoke the request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or other
Act as to his Security or portion of his Security; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that
such revocation shall be effective only if the Trustee receives the notice of
revocation before the date the Act becomes effective.

                                      13

<Page>

SECTION 106.  NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY.

                  Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by
this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

                  (1)      the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be
         suffici'nt for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or
         filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office,
         Attention: Corporate Trust Administration, or

                  (2)      the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be
         sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein
         expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage
         prepaid, to the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal
         office specified in the first paragraph of this Indenture or at any
         other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the
         Company, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

SECTION 107.  NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER OF NOTICE.

                  Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of
Securities of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless
otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class
postage prepaid, to each Holder affected by such event, at the address of such
Holder as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date,
and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such
notice.

                  In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service,
or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice to
Holders of Securities by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the
approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every
purpose hereunder. In any case in which notice to Holders of Securities is given
by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice
so mailed, to any particular Holder of a Security, shall affect the sufficiency
of such notice with respect to other Holders of Securities.

                  Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such
notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice,
either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of
such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but
such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action
taken in reliance upon such waiver.

SECTION 108.  CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

                  If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with
any provision of the Trust Indenture Act or another provision hereof which is
required to be included in this Indenture by any of the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act, such provision of the Trust Indenture Act or such other provision
hereof which is required to be included by any provision of the Trust Indenture
Act shall

                                      14

<Page>

control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision
of the Trust Indenture Act which may be so modified or excluded, the former
provision shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or to be
excluded.

SECTION 109.  EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

                  The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of
Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

SECTION 110.   SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS.

                  All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company
shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

SECTION 111.  SEPARABILITY CLAUSE.

                  In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities
shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or
impaired thereby.

SECTION 112.  BENEFITS OF INDENTURE.

                  Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or
implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their
successors hereunder, any Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security
Registrar, Security Custodian, the Holders and holders of any Senior
Indebtedness, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under
this Indenture.

SECTION 113.  GOVERNING LAW.

                  This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, but without
giving effect to applicable principles of conflicts of law to the extent the
application of the laws of another jurisdiction would be required thereby.

SECTION 114.  LEGAL HOLIDAYS.

                  In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date
or Stated Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of
Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the
Securities) payment of principal and interest (and premium and Additional
Amounts, if any) need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may
be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the
same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption
Date, or at the Stated Maturity, PROVIDED that no interest shall accrue with
respect to such payment for the period from and after such Interest Payment
Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity, as the case may be.

                                      15

<Page>

SECTION 115.  CORPORATE OBLIGATION.

                  No recourse may be taken, directly or indirectly, against any
incorporator, subscriber to the capital stock, stockholder, officer, director or
employee of the Company or the Trustee or of any predecessor or successor of the
Company or the Trustee with respect to the Company's obligations on the
Securities or the obligations of the Company or the Trustee under this Indenture
or any certificate or other writing delivered in connection herewith.

                                   ARTICLE TWO

                                 SECURITY FORMS

SECTION 201.  FORMS GENERALLY.

                  The Securities of each series shall be in fully registered
form and in substantially such form or forms (including temporary or permanent
global form) as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in
one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate
insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or
permitted by this Indenture and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of
identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be
required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or as may,
consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Securities,
as evidenced by their execution of the Securities. If temporary Securities of
any series are issued in global form as permitted by Section 304, the form
thereof shall be established as provided in the preceding sentence. A copy of
the Board Resolution establishing the form or forms of Securities of any series
(or any such temporary global Security) shall be certified by the Secretary or
an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior
to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 303 for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities (or any such temporary global
Security).

                  The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or
engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all
as determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their
execution thereof.

SECTION 202.  FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION.

                  The Trustee's certificate of authentication shall be in
substantially the following form:

                                      16

<Page>

                  "This is one of the Securities of the series designated
therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                   [__________________________________________],
                                            AS TRUSTEE

                                       By
                                         --------------------------------
                                               AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY".

SECTION 203.  SECURITIES IN GLOBAL FORM.

                  If Securities of a series are issuable in global form, as
contemplated by Section 301, then, notwithstanding clause (10) of Section 301
and the provisions of Section 302, any such Security shall represent such of the
Outstanding Securities of such series as shall be specified therein and may
provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities
from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount of Outstanding
Securities represented thereby may from time to time be reduced to reflect
exchanges. Any endorsement of a Security in global form to reflect the amount,
or any increase or decrease in the amount, of Outstanding Securities represented
thereby shall be made by the Trustee in such manner and upon instructions given
by such Person or Persons as shall be specified in such Security or in a Company
Order to be delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 303 or Section 304.
Subject to the provisions of Section 303 and, if applicable, Section 304, the
Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any Security in permanent global form in the
manner and upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified in such
Security or in the applicable Company Order. With respect to the Securities of
any series that are represented by a Security in global form, the Company
authorizes the execution and delivery by the Trustee of a letter of
representations or other similar agreement or instrument in the form customarily
provided for by the Depositary appointed with respect to such global Security.
Any Security in global form may be deposited with the Depositary or its nominee,
or may remain in the custody of the Security Custodian therefor pursuant to a
FAST Balance Certificate Agreement or similar agreement between the Trustee and
the Depositary. If a Company Order pursuant to Section 303 or 304 has been, or
simultaneously is, delivered, any instructions by the Company with respect to
endorsement or delivery or redelivery of a Security in global form shall be in
writing but need not comply with Section 103 and need not be accompanied by an
Opinion of Counsel.

                  Members of, or participants in, the Depositary ("Agent
Members") shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Security
issued in global form held on their behalf by the Depositary, or the Security
Custodian as its custodian, or under such global Security, and the Depositary
may be treated by the Company, the Security Custodian and any agent of the
Company or the Trustee as the absolute owner of such global Security for all
purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the registered holder of
a Security of any series issued in global form may grant proxies and otherwise
authorize any Person, including Agent Members and Persons that may hold
interests through Agent Members, to take any action that a Holder of such series
is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities of such series and
(ii) nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Security Custodian or any
agent of the Company or the Security

                                      17

<Page>

Custodian, from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other
authorization furnished by the Depositary or shall impair, as between the
Depositary and its Agent Members, the operation of customary practices governing
the exercise of the rights of a beneficial owner of any Security.

                  Notwithstanding Section 305, except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301, any permanent global Security shall be exchangeable
only as provided in this paragraph. If the beneficial owners of interests in a
permanent global Security are entitled to exchange such interest for Securities
of such series and of like tenor and principal amount of another authorized form
and denomination, as specified as contemplated by Section 301, then without
unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the earliest date on which
such interests may be so exchanged, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee
definitive Securities of that series in an aggregate principal amount equal to
the principal amount of such permanent global Security, executed by the Company.
On or after the earliest date on which such interests may be so exchanged, such
permanent global Security shall be surrendered from time to time in accordance
with instructions given to the Trustee and the Depositary (which instructions
shall be in writing but need not comply with Section 103 or be accompanied by an
Opinion of Counsel) by the Depositary or such other depositary as shall be
specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, as the
Company's agent for such purpose, to be exchanged, in whole or in part, for
definitive Securities of the same series without charge and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, in exchange for each portion of such permanent global
Security, a like aggregate principal amount of other definitive Securities of
the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor as the portion of
such permanent global Security to be exchanged; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such
exchanges may occur during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days
before any selection of Securities of that series is to be redeemed and ending
on the relevant Redemption Date. Promptly following any such exchange in part,
such permanent global Security marked to evidence the partial exchange shall be
returned by the Trustee to the Depositary or such other depositary referred to
above in accordance with the instructions of the Company referred to above. If a
definitive Security is issued in exchange for any portion of a permanent global
Security after the close of business at the office or agency where such exchange
occurs on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such
office or agency on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special
Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the
related proposed date for payment of Defaulted Interest, interest or Defaulted
Interest, as the case may be, will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date
or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Security,
but will be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed for payment, as
the case may be, only to the Person to whom interest in respect of such portion
of such permanent global Security is payable in accordance with the provisions
of this Indenture.

                  Notwithstanding Section 305, except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301, transfers of a Security issued in global form shall
be limited to transfers of such global Security in whole, but not in part, to
the Depositary, its successors or their respective nominees. Interests of
beneficial owners in a Security issued in global form may be transferred in
accordance with the rules and procedures of the Depositary. Securities of any
series shall be transferred to all beneficial owners of a global Security of
such series in exchange for their beneficial interests in that global Security
if, and only if, either (1) the Depositary notifies the Company that it is
unwilling or

                                      18

<Page>

unable to continue as Depositary for the global Security of such series and a
successor Depositary is not appointed by the Company within 90 days of such
notice, (2) an Event of Default has occurred with respect to such series and is
continuing and the Security Registrar has received a request from the Depositary
or the Trustee to issue Securities of such series in lieu of all or a portion of
that global Security (in which case the Company shall deliver Securities of such
series within 30 days of such request) or (3) the Company determines not to have
the Securities of such series represented by a global Security.

                  In connection with any transfer of a portion of the beneficial
interest in a global Security of any series to beneficial owners pursuant to
this Section 203, the Security Registrar shall reflect on its books and records
the date and a decrease in the principal amount of the global Security of that
series in an amount equal to the principal amount of the beneficial interest in
the global Security of that series to be transferred, and the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication
and delivery of Securities of that series shall authenticate and deliver, one or
more Securities of the same series of like tenor and amount.

                  In connection with the transfer of all the beneficial
interests in a global Security of any series to beneficial owners pursuant to
this Section 203, the global Security shall be deemed to be surrendered to the
Trustee for cancellation, and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, to each beneficial owner identified by the Depositary
in exchange for its beneficial interest in the global Security, an equal
aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series of authorized
denominations.

                  Neither the Company nor the Trustee will have any
responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to, or
payments made on account of, Securities of any series by the Depositary, or for
maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records of the Depositary relating to
such Securities. Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be liable for any
delay by the related global Security Holder or the Depositary in identifying the
beneficial owners, and each such Person may conclusively rely on, and shall be
protected in relying on, instructions from such global Security Holder or the
Depositary for all purposes (including with respect to the registration and
delivery, and the respective principal amounts, of the Securities to be issued).

                  The provisions of the last sentence of Section 303 shall apply
to any Security in global form if such Security was never issued and sold by the
Company and the Company delivers to the Trustee the Security in global form
together with written instructions (which need not comply with Section 103 and
need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) with regard to the reduction
in the principal amount of Securities represented thereby, together with the
written statement contemplated by the last sentence of Section 303.

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 201 and 307, unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, payment of principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any
Security in permanent global form shall be made to the Person or Persons
specified therein.

                                      19

<Page>

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 308 and except as
provided in the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of
the Company or of the Trustee shall treat a Person as the Holder of such
principal amount of Outstanding Securities represented by a global Security as
shall be specified in a written statement, if any, of the Holder of such global
Security, which is produced to the Security Registrar by such Holder.

                  Global Securities may be issued in either temporary or
permanent form. Permanent global Securities will be issued in definitive form.

                                  ARTICLE THREE

                                 THE SECURITIES

SECTION 301.  AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES.

                  The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

                  The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There
shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an
Officers' Certificate or in a Company Order, or established in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any
series,

                  (1)      the title of the Securities of the series (which
         shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other
         Securities);

                  (2)      any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the
         Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under
         this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon
         registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other
         Securities of the series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906 or
         1107);

                  (3)      whether any Securities of the series are to be
         issuable initially in temporary global form and whether any Securities
         of the series are to be issuable in permanent global form, and, if so,
         whether beneficial owners of interests in any such global Security may
         exchange such interests for Securities of such series and of like tenor
         of any authorized form and denomination and the circumstances under
         which any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner
         provided in Section 203, and the Depositary for any Global Security or
         Securities of such series;

                  (4)      (i) if other than as provided herein, the Person to
         whom any interest on Securities of the series shall be payable, and
         (ii) the manner in which any interest payable on a temporary global
         Security on any Interest Payment Date will be paid if other than in the
         manner provided in Section 304;

                                      20

<Page>

                  (5)      the date or dates on which the principal of (and
         premium, if any, on) the Securities of the series is payable or the
         method of determination thereof,

                  (6)      the rate or rates, or the method of determination
         thereof, at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if
         any, whether and under what circumstances Additional Amounts with
         respect to such Securities shall be payable, the date or dates from
         which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which
         such interest shall be payable and, if other than as set forth in
         Section 101, the Regular Record Date for the interest payable on any
         Securities on any Interest Payment Date;

                  (7)      the place or places where, subject to the provisions
         of Section 1002, the principal of (and premium, if any), any interest
         on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of the
         series shall be payable;

                  (8)      the period or periods within which, the price or
         prices (whether denominated in cash, securities or otherwise) at which
         and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be
         redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, if the
         Company is to have that option, and the manner in which the Company
         must exercise any such option, if different from those set forth
         herein;

                  (9)      the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or
         purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or
         analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the
         period or periods within which, the price or prices (whether
         denominated in cash, securities or otherwise) at which and the terms
         and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed or
         purchased in whole or in part pursuant to such obligation;

                  (10)     the denomination in which any Securities of that
         series shall be issuable, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any
         integral multiple thereof;

                  (11)     the currency or currencies (including composite
         currencies) if other than Dollars, or the form, including equity
         securities, other debt securities (including Securities), warrants or
         any other securities or property of the Company or any other Person, in
         which payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), any interest
         on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of the
         series shall be payable;

                  (12)     if the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest
         on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of the
         series are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder
         thereof, in a currency or currencies (including composite currencies)
         other than that in which the Securities are stated to be payable, the
         currency or currencies (including composite currencies) in which
         payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on, and
         any Additional Amounts with respect to, Securities of such series as to
         which such election is made shall be payable, and the periods within
         which and the terms and conditions upon which such election is to be
         made;

                                      21

<Page>

                  (13)     if the amount of payments of principal of (and
         premium, if any), any interest on and any Additional Amounts with
         respect to the Securities of the series may be determined with
         reference to any commodities, currencies or indices, values, rates or
         prices or any other index or formula, the manner in which such amounts
         shall be determined;

                  (14)     if other than the entire principal amount thereof,
         the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which
         shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity
         thereof pursuant to Section 502;

                  (15)     any additional means of satisfaction and discharge of
         this Indenture with respect to Securities of the series pursuant to
         Section 401, any additional conditions to discharge pursuant to Section
         401 or 403 and the application, if any, of Section 403;

                  (16)     any deletions or modifications of or additions to the
         definitions set forth in Section 101, the Events of Default set forth
         in Section 501 or covenants of the Company set forth in Article Ten
         pertaining to the Securities of the series;

                  (17)     if the Securities of the series are to be convertible
         into or exchangeable for equity securities, other debt securities
         (including Securities), warrants or any other securities or property of
         the Company or any other Person, at the option of the Company or the
         Holder or upon the occurrence of any condition or event, the terms and
         conditions for such conversion or exchange;

                  (18)     any modifications to Article Thirteen or any other
         provisions regarding subordination with respect to the Securities of
         that series; and

                  (19)     any other terms of the series (which terms shall not
         be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture).

                  All Securities of any one series shall be substantially
identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in
or pursuant to the Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section
303) set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in the Officers'
Certificate referred to above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.

                  At the option of the Company, interest on the Securities of
any series that bears interest may be paid by mailing a check to the address of
any Holder as such address shall appear in the Security Register.

                  If any of the terms of the series are established by action
taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such
action together with such Board Resolution shall be certified by the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or
prior to the delivery of the Officers' Certificate setting forth the terms of
the series.

                                      22

<Page>

                  The Securities shall be subordinated in right of payment to
Senior Indebtedness as provided in Article Thirteen.

SECTION 302.  DENOMINATIONS.

                  The Securities of each series shall be issuable in such
denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by Section 301. In the
absence of any such provisions with respect to the Securities of any series, the
Securities of such series denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. Unless otherwise
provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to any series of
Securities, any Securities of a series denominated in a currency other than
Dollars shall be issuable in denominations that are the equivalent, as
determined by the Company by reference to the noon buying rate in The City of
New York for cable transfers for such currency, as such rate is reported or
otherwise made available by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, on the
applicable issue date for such Securities, of $1,000 and any integral multiple
thereof.

SECTION 303.  EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION DELIVERY AND DATING.

                  The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by
its Chairman of the Board, its President, its Treasurer or one of its Vice
Presidents, under its corporate seal reproduced thereon or affixed thereto
attested by its Secretary or one of its Assistant Secretaries. The signature of
any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile.

                  Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of
individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind
the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to
hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or
did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

                  At any time and from time to time after the execution and
delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series
executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a
Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the
Trustee in accordance with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such
Securities as provided in this Indenture and not otherwise.

                  If the form or terms of the Securities of the series have been
established in or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions or any other method
permitted by Sections 201 and 301, in authenticating such Securities, and
accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to
such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to
Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel
stating,

                  (a)      if the form of such Securities has been established
         by or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 201, that
         such form has been established in conformity with the provisions of
         this Indenture;

                                      23

<Page>

                  (b)      if the terms of such Securities have been established
         by or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 301, that
         such terms have been established in conformity with the provisions of
         this Indenture; and

                  (c)      that such Securities, when authenticated and
         delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and
         subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will
         constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company,
         enforceable in accordance with their terms, except as such enforcement
         is subject to the effect of (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent
         conveyance, reorganization or other laws relating to or affecting
         creditors' rights and (ii) general principles of equity (regardless of
         whether such enforcement is considered in a proceeding in equity or at
         law).

If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner
which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

                  Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

                  No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this
Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such
Security, a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for
herein executed by the Trustee by manual signature, and such certificate upon
any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such
Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered
hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall
deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 309
together with a written statement (which need not comply with Section 103 and
need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) stating that such Security has
never been issued and sold by the Company, for all purposes of this Indenture
such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered
hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

SECTION 304.  TEMPORARY SECURITIES.

                  Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any
series, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed,
typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination,
substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they
are issued, in registered form and with such appropriate insertions, omissions,
substitutions and other variations as the officers of the Company executing such
Securities may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

                  Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form
(which shall be exchanged in accordance with the provisions of the following
paragraphs), if temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will
cause definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without

                                      24

<Page>

unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such
series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for
definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities
of such series at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for
that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of
any one or more temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute
and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like
principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized
denominations. Until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall
in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as
definitive Securities of such series.

                  All Outstanding temporary Securities of any series shall in
all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive
Securities of the same series and of like tenor authenticated and delivered
hereunder.

SECTION 305.  REGISTRATION, REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

                  The Company shall cause to be kept for each series of
Securities at one of the offices or agencies maintained pursuant to Section 1002
a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other office or
agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes collectively
referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject to such reasonable
regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration
of Securities and of transfers of Securities of such series. The Trustee is
hereby initially appointed "Security Registrar" for the purpose of registering
Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided.

                  Except as set forth in Section 203 or as may be provided
pursuant to Section 301, upon surrender for registration of transfer of any
Security of any series at the office or agency in a Place of Payment for that
series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more
new Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of any authorized
denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount.

                  At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be
exchanged for other Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of any
authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount, upon
surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever
any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder
making the exchange is entitled to receive.

                  All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing
the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the
Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

                                      25

<Page>

                  Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of
transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be
duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the
Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

                  No service charge shall be made for any registration of
transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in
connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other
than exchange pursuant to Section 304, 906 or 1107 not involving any transfer.

                  The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the
transfer of or exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at
the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of
redemption of Securities of such series selected for redemption and ending at
the close of business on the day of the mailing of the relevant notice of
redemption or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so
selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of
any Security being redeemed in part.

SECTION 306.  MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES.

                  If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the
Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange
therefor a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal
amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

                  If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i)
evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security
and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of
them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to
the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen
Security, a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal
amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

                  In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security
has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion
may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

                  Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the
Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including any fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

                                      26

<Page>

                  Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this
Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an
original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the
destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone,
and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued
hereunder.

                  The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall
preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to
the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

SECTION 307.  PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED.

                  Interest on any Security which is payable, and is punctually
paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the
Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is
registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such
interest. Unless otherwise provided with respect to the Securities of any
series, payment of interest may be made at the option of the Company by check
mailed or delivered to the address of any Person entitled thereto as such
address shall appear in the Security Register.

                  Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable,
but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date
(herein called "Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the
Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder,
and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each
case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below:

                  (1)      The Company may elect to make payment of any
         Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such
         series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at
         the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such
         Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The
         Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted
         Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series and the
         date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall
         deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate
         amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or
         shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit
         prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to
         be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such
         Defaulted Interest as provided in this Clause. Thereupon the Trustee
         shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted
         Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days
         prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days
         after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment.
         The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record
         Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause
         notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the
         Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid,
         to each Holder of Securities of such series at his address as it
         appears in the Security Register, not less than 10 days prior to such
         Special Record Date. The Trustee may, in its discretion,

                                      27

<Page>

         in the name and at the expense of the Company, cause a similar notice
         to be published at least once in an Authorized Newspaper, but such
         publication shall not be a condition precedent to the establishment of
         such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such
         Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so
         mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose
         names the Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor
         Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special
         Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following
         clause (2).

                  (2)      The Company may make payment of any Defaulted
         Interest on the Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not
         inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which
         such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required
         by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee
         of the proposed payment pursuant to this Clause, such manner of payment
         shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

                  Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each
Security delivered under this Indenture, upon registration of transfer of, in
exchange for or in lieu of, any other Security, shall carry the rights to
interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other
Security.

SECTION 308.  PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS.

                  Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of
transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee
may treat the Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of
such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of (and premium,
if any) and (subject to Sections 305 and 307) interest on such Security and for
all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and
neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee
shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

SECTION 309.  CANCELLATION.

                  All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption,
registration of transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund
payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered
to the Trustee. All Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the
Trustee. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any
Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company
may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Securities so delivered
shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated
in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided in this
Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All cancelled
Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of as directed by a Company
Order, and the Trustee shall maintain a record of their disposal; PROVIDED that
the Trustee shall not be required to destroy such Securities in contravention of
record retention requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended.

SECTION 310.  COMPUTATION OF INTEREST.

                                      28

<Page>

                  Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301
for Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a year of twelve 30-day months.

SECTION 311.  CUSIP NUMBERS.

                  The Company in issuing the Securities may use "CUSIP" numbers
(if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use "CUSIP" numbers in
notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; PROVIDED that any such notice
may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers
either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a
redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification
numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected
by any defect in or omission of such numbers.

                                  ARTICLE FOUR

                     SATISFACTION, DISCHARGE AND DEFEASANCE

SECTION 401.  SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE.

                  This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of
further effect with respect to Securities of a series, and the Trustee, at the
expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to Securities of such
series, when

                  (1)      either

                           (A)      all Securities of such series theretofore
                  authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities which
                  have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been
                  replaced or paid as provided in Section 306, and (ii)
                  Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been
                  deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the
                  Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged
                  from such trust, as provided in Section 1003) have been
                  delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

                           (B)      with respect to all Outstanding Securities
                  of such series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
                  cancellation, the Company has deposited or caused to be
                  deposited with the Trustee as trust funds, under the terms of
                  an irrevocable trust agreement in form and substance
                  satisfactory to the Trustee, money or U.S. Government
                  Obligations maturing as to principal and interest in such
                  amounts and at such times as will (together with the income to
                  accrue thereon and without consideration of any reinvestment
                  thereof) be sufficient to pay and discharge (with such
                  delivery in trust to be for the stated purpose of paying and
                  discharging) the entire indebtedness on all Outstanding
                  Securities of such series not theretofore delivered to the
                  Trustee for cancellation for principal (and premium and
                  Additional

                                       29

<Page>

                  Amounts, if any) and interest to the Stated Maturity or any
                  Redemption Date contemplated by the penultimate paragraph of
                  this Section, as the case may be; or

                           (C) the Company has properly fulfilled such other
                  means of satisfaction and discharge as is specified, as
                  contemplated by Section 301, to be applicable to the
                  Securities of such series;

                  (2)      the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other
         sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to the Outstanding
         Securities of such series;

                  (3)      the Company has complied with any other conditions
         specified pursuant to Section 301 to be applicable to the discharge of
         Securities of such series pursuant to this Section 401;

                  (4)      the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
         precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and
         discharge of this Indenture with respect to the Outstanding Securities
         of such series have been complied with;

                  (5)      if the conditions set forth in Section 401(1)(A) have
         not been satisfied, and unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section
         301 for the Securities of such series, the Company has delivered to the
         Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of
         Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for
         United States federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit,
         satisfaction and discharge and will be subject to United States federal
         income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same
         time as would have been the case if such deposit, satisfaction and
         discharge had not occurred; and

                  (6) no Default or Event of Default with respect to the
         Securities of such issue shall have occurred and be continuing on the
         date of such deposit or, insofar as clauses (5) or (6) of Section 501
         are concerned, at any time in the period ending on the 91st day after
         the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall
         not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

                  For the purposes of this Indenture, "U.S. Government
Obligations" means direct non-callable obligations of, or non-callable
obligations the payment of principal of and interest on which is guaranteed by,
the United States of America, or to the payment of which obligations or
guarantees the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged,
or beneficial interests in a trust the corpus of which consists exclusively of
money or such obligations or a combination thereof.

                  If any Outstanding Securities of such series are to be
redeemed prior to their Stated Maturity, whether pursuant to any optional
redemption provisions or in accordance with any mandatory sinking fund
requirement, the trust agreement referred to in subclause (B) of clause (1) of
this Section shall provide therefor and the Company shall make such arrangements
as are

                                       30

<Page>

satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the
Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company.

                  Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series pursuant to
this Section 401, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section
607, the obligations to any Authenticating Agent under Section 614 and, except
for a discharge pursuant to subclause (A) of clause (1) of this Section, the
obligations of the Company under Sections 305, 306, 404, 610(e), 701, 1001 and
1002 and the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the last paragraph
of Section 1003 shall survive.

SECTION 402.  APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY.

                  Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section
1003, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 shall be held
in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities,
and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if
any) and interest and Additional Amounts for the payment of which such money has
been deposited with the Trustee.

SECTION 403.  DISCHARGE OF LIABILITY ON SECURITIES OF ANY SERIES.

                  If this Section is specified, as contemplated by Section 301,
to be applicable to Securities of any series, the Company shall be deemed to
have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the Outstanding
Securities of such series, the obligation of the Company under this Indenture
and the Securities of such series to pay the principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities of such
series, shall cease, terminate and be completely discharged and the Trustee, at
the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging such
satisfaction and discharge, when

                  (1)      the Company has complied with the provisions of
         Section 401 (other than any additional conditions specified pursuant to
         Sections 301 and 401(3) and except that the Opinion of Counsel referred
         to in Section 401(5) shall state that it is based on a ruling by the
         Internal Revenue Service or other change since the date hereof under
         applicable Federal income tax law) with respect to all Outstanding
         Securities of such series;

                  (2)      the Company has delivered to the Trustee a Company
         Request requesting such satisfaction and discharge;

                  (3)      the Company has complied with any other conditions
         specified pursuant to Section 301 to be applicable to the discharge of
         Securities of such series pursuant to this Section 403; and

                                       31

<Page>

                  (4)      the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
         precedent herein provided for relating to the discharge of the
         indebtedness on the Outstanding Securities of such series have been
         complied with.

                  Upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in this
Section with respect to all the Outstanding Securities of any series, the terms
and conditions of such series, including the terms and conditions with respect
thereto set forth in this Indenture, shall no longer be binding upon, or
applicable to, the Company; PROVIDED that, the Company shall not be discharged
from any payment obligations in respect of Securities of such series which are
deemed not to be Outstanding under clause (iii) of the definition thereof if
such obligations continue to be valid obligations of the Company under
applicable law or pursuant to Section 305 or 306.

SECTION 404.  APPLICABILITY OF DEFEASANCE PROVISIONS; COMPANY'S OPTION TO EFFECT
DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

                  Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301
for the Securities of any series, the provisions of Sections 404 through 410
inclusive, with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to
Section 301 with respect to any series of Securities, shall be applicable to the
Securities.

SECTION 405.  DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE.

                  On and after the date on which the conditions set forth in
Section 407 are satisfied with respect to the Securities of any series, the
Company shall be deemed to have paid and been discharged from its obligations
with respect to such Securities (hereinafter "defeasance"). For this purpose,
such defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and
discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Securities which shall
thereafter be deemed to be "Outstanding" only for the purposes of Section 408
and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in clause (ii) of this
Section, and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Securities
and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee,
upon payment of all amounts due it under Section 607, at the expense of the
Company, shall on a Company Order execute proper instruments acknowledging the
same), except the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or
discharged hereunder: (i) the rights of Holders of such Securities to receive,
solely from the trust funds described in Section 407(a) and as more fully set
forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of, premium, if any,
and interest, if any, on such Securities when such payments are due; (ii) the
Company's obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 305, 309,
1002 and 1003 and with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any,
payable with respect to such Securities as specified pursuant to clause (13) of
Section 301; (iii) the Company's obligations with respect to a conversion or
exchange of such Securities; (iv) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and
immunities of the Trustee hereunder; and (v) this Article Four. Subject to
compliance with this Article Four, the Company may defease the Securities of any
series under this Section 405 notwithstanding a prior covenant defeasance (as
defined herein) under Section 406

                                       32

<Page>

with respect to such Securities. Following a defeasance, payment of such
Securities may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default.

SECTION 406.  COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

                  On and after the date on which the conditions set forth in
Section 407 (other than Section 407(c)) are satisfied with respect to the
Securities of or within any series, (i) the Company shall be released from its
obligations under Sections 801 and 1004 and, if specified pursuant to Section
301, its obligations under any other covenant, with respect to such Securities
and (ii) the occurrence of any event specified in clauses (4) and (7) of Section
501 (with respect to any of the obligations described in clause (i) above) shall
be deemed not to be or result in an Event of Default (hereinafter, "covenant
defeasance"), and such Securities shall thereafter be deemed to be not
"Outstanding" for the purposes of any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the consequences
of any thereof) in connection with Section 801 or Section 1004, such other
covenant specified pursuant to Section 301, but shall continue to be deemed
"Outstanding" for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant
defeasance means that, with respect to such Securities, the Company may omit to
comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or
limitation set forth in any such Section or such other covenant, whether
directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such
Section or such other covenant or by reason of reference in any such Section or
such other covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and
such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default
under clauses (4) and (7) of Section 501 or otherwise, as the case may be, but,
except as specified above the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities
and any interest coupons appertaining thereto shall be unaffected thereby.

SECTION 407.  CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

                  The following shall be the conditions to application of
Section 405 or Section 406 to any Securities of any series:

                  (a)      the Company shall have deposited or caused to be
deposited irrevocably with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the
requirements of Section 609 who shall agree to comply with, and shall be
entitled to the benefits of, the provisions of Sections 404 through 410
inclusive and the last paragraph of Section 1003 applicable to the Trustee, for
purposes of such Sections also a "Trustee") as trust funds in trust for the
purpose of making the payments referred to in clauses (x) and (y) of this
Section 407(a), specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to,
the benefit of Holders of such Securities, with written instructions to the
Trustee as to the application thereof, (i) money in an amount (in such currency,
currencies or currency unit or units in which such Securities are then specified
as payable at Stated Maturity), or (ii) if Securities of such series are not
subject to repayment at the option of Holders, Government Obligations which
through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance
with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any
payment referred to in clause (x) or (y) of this Section 407(a), money in an
amount or (iii) a combination thereof in an amount, sufficient, in the opinion
of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants or a
nationally recognized

                                       33

<Page>

investment banking firm expressed in a written certification thereof delivered
to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee
to pay and discharge, (x) the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if
any, on such Securities on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment
of principal or interest and (y) any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable
to such Securities on the date on which such payments are due and payable in
accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such Securities. Before such a
deposit the Company may make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the
redemption of Securities at a future date or dates in accordance with Article
Eleven which shall be given effect in applying the foregoing;

                  (b)      no Default or Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of that series shall have occurred or be continuing on the date of
such a deposit or shall occur as a result of such a deposit or, insofar as
clauses (5) and (6) of Section 501 are concerned, shall occur at any time during
the period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit;

                  (c)      in the case of an election under Section 405, the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an
Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from or there
has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the
date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable
U.S. Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based
thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities and any
interest coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss
for U.S. Federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be
subject to U.S. Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and
at the same times, as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and
discharge had not occurred;

                  (d)      in the case of an election under Section 406, the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an
Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Securities and any
interest coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss
for U.S. Federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and
will be subject to U.S. Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same
manner and at the same times, as would have been the case if such deposit and
covenant defeasance had not occurred;

                  (e)      the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
conditions precedent to the defeasance under Section 405 or the covenant
defeasance under Section 406 (as the case may be) have been complied with;

                  (f)      such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be
effected in compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or
limitations which may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith as
contemplated by Section 301; and

                  (g)      at the time of such deposit: (i) no Default in the
payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior Debt
shall have occurred and be continuing or (ii) no other Event of Default with
respect to any Senior Debt shall have occurred and be continuing and shall have
resulted in such Senior Debt becoming or being declared due and payable prior to
the date on which it would otherwise have become due and payable, or, in the
case of either clause (i) or clause

                                       34

<Page>

(ii) above, each such Default or Event of Default shall have been cured or
waived or shall have ceased to exist.

SECTION 408.  DEPOSITED MONEY AND GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.

                  Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section
1003, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided
pursuant to Section 301) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the
Trustee pursuant to Section 407 in respect of any Securities of any series shall
be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions
of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or
through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent)
as the Trustee may determine, to Holders of such Securities of all sums due and
to become due thereon in respect of principal, premium, if any, and interest, if
any, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except as provided
herein and except to the extent required by law.

SECTION 409.  REPAYMENT TO COMPANY.

                  The Trustee (and any Paying Agent) shall promptly pay to the
Company upon Company Request any excess money or U.S. Government Obligations (or
proceeds therefrom), or any other securities held by them at any time.

                  The provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003 shall
apply to any money or securities held by the Trustee or any Paying Agent under
this Article Four that remain unclaimed for two years after the Maturity of any
series of Securities for which money or securities have been deposited pursuant
to Section 407(a).

SECTION 410.  INDEMNITY FOR GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS.

                  The Company shall pay, and shall indemnify the Trustee
against, any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against Government
Obligations deposited pursuant to this Article or the principal and interest and
any other amount received on such Government Obligations.

SECTION 411.  REINSTATEMENT.

                  If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any money or
U.S. Government Obligations deposited with respect to Securities of any series
in accordance with Section 401 by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason of
any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining,
restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the Company's obligations
under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series and the
Securities of such series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit
had occurred pursuant to Section 401 or Section 407 until such time as the
Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money or U.S. Government
Obligations in accordance with Section 401 or Section 407; PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
that if the Company has made any payment of principal of (or premium, if any),
or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities because
of the reinstatement of its obligations,

                                       35

<Page>

the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities
to receive such payment from the money or U.S. Government Obligations held by
the Trustee or Paying Agent.

                                  ARTICLE FIVE

                                    REMEDIES

SECTION 501.  EVENTS OF DEFAULT.

                  "Event of Default", wherever used herein with respect to
Securities of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the
reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be occasioned by the
provisions of Article Thirteen or be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by
operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or
any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body),
unless it is either inapplicable to a particular series or it is specifically
deleted or modified in or pursuant to the supplemental indenture or Board
Resolution establishing such series of Securities or in the form of Security for
such series:

                  (1)      default in the payment of any interest on or any
         Additional Amounts with respect to any Security of that series when
         such interest or Additional Amounts become due and payable, and
         continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

                  (2)      default in the payment of the principal of (or
         premium, if any, on) any Security of that series at its Maturity; or

                  (3)      default in the deposit of any mandatory sinking fund
         payment, when and as due by the terms of a Security of that series and
         continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

                  (4)      default in the performance or breach of any covenant
         or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or
         warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in
         this Section specifically dealt with or which has expressly been
         included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series
         of Securities other than that series), and continuance of such default
         or breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given, by
         registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the
         Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal
         amount of all Outstanding Securities a written notice specifying such
         default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such
         notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

                  (5)      the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the
         premises of (A) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company
         in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or
         State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or
         (B) a decree or order adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or
         approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization,
         arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in

                                       36

<Page>

         respect of the Company under any applicable Federal or State law, or
         appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
         sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any
         substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or
         liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or
         order for relief or any such other decree or order unstayed and in
         effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or

                  (6)      the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case
         or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy,
         insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or
         proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by
         it to the entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of the
         Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable
         Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other
         similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case
         or proceeding against it, or the filing by it, of a petition or answer
         or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable
         Federal or State law, or the consent by it to the filing of such
         petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian,
         receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or similar
         official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or
         the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the
         admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally
         as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company in
         furtherance of any such action; or

                  (7)      any other Event of Default provided with respect to
         Securities of that series.

                  Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 501,
if the principal of (and premium, if any) or any interest on, or any Additional
Amounts with respect to, any Security is payable in a currency or currencies
(including a composite currency) other than Dollars and such currency (or
currencies) is (or are) not available to the Company for making payment thereof
due to the imposition of exchange controls or other circumstances beyond the
control of the Company (a "Conversion Event"), the Company will be entitled to
satisfy its obligations to Holders of the Securities by making such payment in
Dollars in an amount equal to the Dollar equivalent of the amount payable in
such other currency, as determined by the Company by reference to the noon
buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers for such currency
("Exchange Rate"), as such Exchange Rate is certified for customs purposes by
the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on the date of such payment, or, if such
rate is not then available, on the basis of the most recently available Exchange
Rate. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 501, any payment
made under such circumstances in Dollars where the required payment is in a
currency other than Dollars will not constitute an Event of Default under this
Indenture.

                  Promptly after the occurrence of a Conversion Event with
respect to Securities of any series, the Company shall give written notice
thereof to the Trustee; and the Trustee, promptly after receipt of such notice,
shall give notice thereof in the manner provided in Section 107 to the Holders
of such series. Promptly after the making of any payment in Dollars as a result
of a Conversion Event with respect to Securities of any series, the Company
shall give notice in the manner provided in Section 107 to the Holders of such
series, setting forth the applicable Exchange Rate and describing the
calculation of such payments.

                                       37

<Page>

SECTION 502.  ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT.

                  If an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any
series at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case
the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of (i) the series affected by such default (in the case
of an Event of Default described in clause (1), (2), (3) or (7) of Section 501)
or (ii) all series of Securities (subject to the immediately following sentence,
in the case of an Event of Default described in clause (4) of Section 501) may
declare the principal amount (or, if any such Securities are Original Issue
Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in
the terms of that series) of all of the Securities of the series affected by
such default or all series, as the case may be, to be due and payable
immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given
by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified
amount) shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default
described in clause (5) or (6) of Section 501 shall occur, the principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of all series IPSO FACTO shall become and be
immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of
the Trustee or any Holder.

                  At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with
respect to Securities of any series (or of all series, as the case may be) has
been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been
obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, Holders of a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series (or of
all series, as the case may be), by written notice to the Company and the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

                  (1)      the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a
         sum sufficient to pay

                           (A)      all overdue interest on, and any Additional
                  Amounts with respect to, all Securities of that series (or of
                  all series, as the case may be),

                           (B)      the principal of (and premium, if any, on)
                  any Securities of that series (or of all series, as the case
                  may be) which have become due otherwise than by such
                  declaration of acceleration and interest thereon at the rate
                  or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities (in the case
                  of Original Issue Discount Securities, the Securities' Yield
                  to Maturity),

                           (C)      to the extent that payment of such interest
                  is lawful, interest upon overdue interest and any Additional
                  Amounts at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such
                  Securities (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities,
                  the Securities' Yield to Maturity), and

                           (D)      all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee
                  hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses,
                  disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and
                  counsel;

                                      38
<Page>

         and

                  (2)      all Events of Default with respect to Securities of
         that series (or of all series, as the case may be), other than the
         non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series (or of all
         series, as the case may be) which have become due solely by such
         declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in
         Section 512.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right
consequent thereon.

SECTION 503.  COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE.

                  The Company covenants that if

                  (1)      default is made in the payment of any installment of
         interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security of
         any series when such interest or Additional Amounts shall have become
         due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

                  (2)      default is made in the payment of the principal of
         (or premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof,

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the
Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such
Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest and Additional
Amounts and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable, interest on any overdue principal (and premium, if any) and on any
overdue interest and Additional Amounts, at the rate or rates prescribed
therefor in such Securities (or in the case of Original Issue Discount
Securities, the Securities' Yield to Maturity), and, in addition thereto, such
further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of
collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

                  If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such
demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may
institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and
unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may
enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities
and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided
by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such
Securities, wherever situated.

                  If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any
series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to
protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of
such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem
most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the
specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid
of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper
remedy.

                                      39

<Page>

SECTION 504.  TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM.

                  In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency,
liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or
other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the
Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their
creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal (or lesser amount
in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) of the Securities shall then
be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and
irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company
for the payment of overdue principal (and premium, if any), interest or any
Additional Amounts) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such
proceeding or otherwise,

                  (i)      to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of
         principal (or lesser amount in the case of Original Issue Discount
         Securities) (and premium, if any) and interest and any Additional
         Amounts owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such
         other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to
         have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable
         compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its
         agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial
         proceeding, and

                  (ii)     to collect and receive any monies or other property
         payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or
other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by
each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the
Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to Holders, to pay
to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other
amounts due the Trustee under Section 607.

                  Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the
Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder
any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the
Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to
vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceedings; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that the Trustee may, on behalf of Holders, vote for the election of a
trustee in bankruptcy or similar official.

SECTION 505.  TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF SECURITIES OR
COUPONS.

                  All rights of action and claim under this Indenture or the
Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without possession of
any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating
thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in
its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall,
after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the

                                      40

<Page>

Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of Holders of the
Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

SECTION 506.  APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED.

                  Subject to Article Thirteen, any money collected by the
Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the
date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such
money on account of principal (or premium, if any), interest or any Additional
Amounts, upon presentation of the Securities, and the notation thereon of the
payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

                  FIRST:  To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under
         Section 607;

                  SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for
         principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on and any Additional
         Amounts with respect to the Securities in respect of which or for the
         benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without
         preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and
         payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any),
         interest and Additional Amounts, respectively; and

                  THIRD:  The balance, if any, to the Person or Persons entitled
         thereto.

                  To the fullest extent allowed under applicable law, if for the
purpose of obtaining judgment against the Company in any court it is necessary
to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of any
series (the "Required Currency") into a currency in which a judgment will be
rendered (the "Judgment Currency"), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate
at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase
in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the
New York Business Day next preceding that on which final judgment is given.
Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be liable for any shortfall nor shall
it benefit from any windfall in payments to Holders of Securities under this
Section caused by a change in exchange rates between the time the amount of a
judgment against it is calculated as above and the time the Trustee converts the
Judgment Currency into the Required Currency to make payments under this Section
to Holders of Securities, but payment of such judgment shall discharge all
amounts owed by the Company on the claim or claims underlying such judgment.

SECTION 507.  LIMITATION ON SUITS.

                  Subject to Section 508, no Holder of any Security of any
series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise,
with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee,
or for any other remedy hereunder, unless

                                      41

<Page>

                  (1)      an Event of Default with respect to Securities of
         such series shall have occurred and be continuing and such Holder has
         previously given written notice to the Trustee of such continuing Event
         of Default;

                  (2)      the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount
         of the Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written
         request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such
         Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

                  (3)      such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee
         reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be
         incurred in compliance with such request;

                  (4)      the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such
         notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such
         proceeding; and

                  (5)      no direction inconsistent with such written request
         has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders
         of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that
         series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of
such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any
other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in
the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such
Holders.

SECTION 508.  UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PRINCIPAL PREMIUM AND
INTEREST.

                  Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, each
Holder of a Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional,
to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to
Section 307) interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to such
Security on the Stated Maturity or Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in
the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to institute suit for the
enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired or
affected without the consent of such Holder.

SECTION 509.   RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.

                  If the Trustee or any Holder of any Security has instituted
any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such
proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, then and in
every such case the Company, the Trustee and Holders shall, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to
their former positions hereunder, and thereafter all rights and remedies of
the Trustee and Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been
instituted.

                                      42

<Page>

SECTION 510.  RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE.

                  Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement
or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last
paragraph of Section 306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved
to the Trustee or to Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or
remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be
cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or
now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or
employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the
concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

SECTION 511.  DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.

                  No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any
Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default
shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event
of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this
Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to
time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders,
as the case may be.

SECTION 512.  CONTROL BY HOLDERS.

                  With respect to Securities of any series, the Holders of a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall
have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power
conferred on the Trustee, relating to or arising under an Event of Default
described in clause (1), (2), (3) or (7) of Section 501, and with respect to all
Securities the Holders of a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding
Securities shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power
conferred on the Trustee, not relating to or arising under such an Event of
Default, PROVIDED that in each such case

                  (1)      such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule
         of law or with this Indenture, and

                  (2)      the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper
         by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction.

SECTION 513.  WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS.

                  Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series may on behalf of Holders of all the Securities of
such series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and
its consequences, and Holders of a majority in principal amount of all
Outstanding Securities may on behalf of Holders of all Securities waive any
other past default hereunder and its consequences, except in each case a
default

                                      43

<Page>

                  (1)      in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if
         any) or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any
         Security, or

                  (2)      in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which
         under Article Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of
         the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected.

                  Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and
any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for
every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any
subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

SECTION 514.  UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS.

                  All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any
Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any
court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any
right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any
action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in
such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court
may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys'
fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits
and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the
provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any
Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by
any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium,
if any) or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security
on or after the Stated Maturity or Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in
the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date).

SECTION 515.   WAIVER OF STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS.

                  The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do
so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner
whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law
wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the
covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent
that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of
any such law, and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the
execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit
the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

                                      44

<Page>

                                   ARTICLE SIX

                                   THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 601.  CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.

                  (a)      Except during the continuance of an Event of Default
         with respect to the Securities of any series,

                           (1)      the Trustee undertakes to perform such
         duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this
         Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into
         this Indenture against the Trustee; and

                           (2)      in the absence of bad faith on its part, the
         Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and
         the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or
         opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of
         this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions
         which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished
         to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same
         to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this
         Indenture.

                  (b)      In case an Event of Default has occurred and is
         continuing with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee
         shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this
         Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise,
         as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in
         the conduct of his own affairs.

                  (c)      No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to
         relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its
         own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, EXCEPT that

                           (1)      this Subsection shall not be construed to
                  limit the effect of Subsection (a) of this Section;

                           (2)      the Trustee shall not be liable for any
                  error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer,
                  unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in
                  ascertaining the pertinent facts;

                           (3)      the Trustee shall not be liable with respect
                  to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith
                  in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority
                  in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any
                  series or of all series, determined as provided in Section
                  511, relating to the time, method and place of conducting any
                  proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or
                  exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee,
                  under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such
                  series; and

                                      45

<Page>

                           (4)      no provision of this Indenture shall require
                  the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur
                  any financial liability in the performance of any of its
                  duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or
                  powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that
                  repayment of such funds or indemnity satisfactory to it
                  against such risk or liability is not assured to it.

                  (d)      Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every
         provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the
         liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to
         the provisions of this Section.

SECTION 602.  NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.

                  Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default hereunder
with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall give notice of
such default hereunder known to the Trustee to all Holders of Securities of such
series in the manner provided in Section 107, unless such default shall have
been cured or waived; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, except in the case of a default
in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on, or any
Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security of such series or in the
payment of any sinking fund installment with respect to Securities of such
series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long
as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of
directors or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determines that
the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Holders of Securities
of such series; AND PROVIDED, FURTHER, that in the case of any default of the
character specified in Section 501(4) with respect to Securities of such series,
no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 30 days after the
occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term "default" means
any event, act or condition which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both
would become, an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series.

SECTION 603.  CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

                  Subject to the provisions of Section 601:

                  (a)      the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting
         or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
         instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent,
         order, bond, debenture, note, coupon, other evidence of indebtedness or
         other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been
         signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

                  (b)      any request or direction of the Company mentioned
         herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company
         Order and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently
         evidenced by a Board Resolution;

                                      46

<Page>

                  (c)      whenever in the administration of this Indenture the
         Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established
         prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the
         Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may,
         in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers'
         Certificate;

                  (d)      the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written
         advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and
         complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken,
         suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance
         thereon;

                  (e)      the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise
         any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the
         request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture,
         unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or
         indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and
         liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such
         request or direction;

                  (f)      the Trustee shall not be bound to make any
         investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution,
         certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request,
         direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon, other
         evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee,
         in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into
         such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall
         determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be
         entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company,
         personally or by agent or attorney; and

                  (g)      the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers
         hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or
         through agents or attorneys and, except for any Affiliates of the
         Trustee, the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
         negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care
         by it hereunder.

SECTION 604.  NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES.

                  The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except
the Trustee's certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements
of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for their correctness.
The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this
Indenture or of the Securities. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use
or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

SECTION 605.  MAY HOLD SECURITIES.

                  The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any
Security Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any
other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to
Sections 608 and 613, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights
it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent,
Security Registrar or such other agent.

                                      47

<Page>

SECTION 606.  MONEY HELD IN TRUST.

                  Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee
shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder
except as otherwise agreed with the Company.

SECTION 607.  COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT.

                  The Company agrees

                  (1)      to pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation
         for all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not
         be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a
         trustee of an express trust);

                  (2)      except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to
         reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses,
         disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in
         accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the
         compensation and the reasonable expenses and disbursements of its
         agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance
         as may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and

                  (3)      to indemnify the Trustee and each of its directors,
         officers, employees, agents and/or representatives for, and to hold
         each of them harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred
         without negligence or bad faith on each of their part, arising out of
         or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or
         trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending
         themselves against any claim or liability in connection with the
         exercise or performance of any of the Trustee's powers or duties
         hereunder.

                  As security for the performance of the obligations of the
Company under this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the
Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such,
except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of, premium, if any, or
interest, if any, on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, particular
Securities.

                  Any expenses and compensation for any services rendered by the
Trustee after the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in clause (5) or
(6) of Section 501 shall constitute expenses and compensation for services of
administration under all applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization or other similar laws.

                  The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination
of this Indenture.

SECTION 608.  DISQUALIFICATION; CONFLICTING INTERESTS.

                  (a)      If the Trustee has or shall acquire any conflicting
         interest, as defined in this Section, with respect to the Securities of
         any series, it shall, within 90 days after ascertaining that it has
         such conflicting interest, either eliminate such conflicting interest
         or resign with

                                      48

<Page>

         respect to the Securities of that series in the manner and with the
         effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

                  (b)      In the event that the Trustee shall fail to comply
         with the provisions of Subsection (a) of this Section with respect to
         the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall, within 10 days after
         the expiration of such 90-day period, transmit by mail to all Holders
         of Securities of that series, as their names and addresses appear in
         the Security Register, notice of such failure.

                  (c)      For the purposes of this Section, the term
         "conflicting interest" shall have the meaning specified in Section
         310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act and the Trustee shall comply with
         Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act; PROVIDED that there shall be
         excluded from the operation of Section 310(b)(1) of the Trust Indenture
         Act with respect to the Securities of any series any indenture or
         indentures under which other securities, or certificates of interest or
         participation in other securities, of the Company are outstanding, if
         the requirements for such exclusion set forth in Section 310(b)(1) of
         the Trust Indenture Act are met. For purposes of the preceding
         sentence, the optional provision permitted by the second sentence of
         Section 310(b)(9) of the Trust Indenture Act shall be applicable.

SECTION 609.  CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY.

                  There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which shall be
a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States
of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, authorized under such
laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus
of at least $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or
State (or District of Columbia) authority. If such corporation publishes reports
of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said
supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the
combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its
combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition
so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in
the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

                  The Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the
requirements of Sections 310(a)(1), 310(a)(2) and 310(a)(5) of the Trust
Indenture Act.

SECTION 610.  RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR.

                  (a)      No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no
         appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall
         become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor
         Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 611.

                  (b)      The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to
         the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof
         to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee
         required by Section 611 shall not have been delivered to the resigning

                                      49

<Page>

         Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation,
         the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction
         for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of such series.

                  (c)      The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect
         to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in
         principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series,
         delivered to the Trustee and to the Company.

                  (d)      If at any time:

                           (1)      the Trustee shall fail to comply with
                  Section 608(a) after written request therefor by the Company
                  or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security
                  for at least six months, or

                           (2)      the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under
                  Section 609 and shall fail to resign after written request
                  therefor by the Company or by any such Holder of Securities,
                  or

                           (3)      the Trustee shall become incapable of acting
                  or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of
                  the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any
                  public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or
                  of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation,
                  conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case, (i) the
                  Company by a Board Resolution may remove the Trustee with
                  respect to all Securities, or (ii) subject to Section 513, any
                  Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at
                  least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others
                  similarly situated, petition any court of competent
                  jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to
                  all Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or
                  Trustees.

                  (e)      If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become
         incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of
         Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more
         series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a
         successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or
         those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may
         be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of
         such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with
         respect to the Securities of any particular series) and such successor
         Trustee or Trustees shall comply with the applicable requirements of
         Section 611. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of
         any series shall have been so appointed by the Company and accepted
         appointment in the manner required by Section 611 subject to Section
         513, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such
         series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others
         similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for
         the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
         of such series.

                                      50

<Page>

                  (f)      The Company shall give notice of each resignation and
         each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any
         series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of any series by mailing written notice of such event by
         first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of Securities of such
         series as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register.
         Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with
         respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its
         Corporate Trust Office.

SECTION 611.  ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR.

                  (a)      In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor
         Trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so
         appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to
         the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and
         thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall
         become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act,
         deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers,
         trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the
         Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon
         payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring
         to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the
         retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such
         successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee
         hereunder.

                  (b)      In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor
         Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all)
         series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee
         with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and
         deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee
         shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such
         provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm
         to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers,
         trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
         successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring
         with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall
         be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights,
         powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is
         not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee and
         (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as
         shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of
         the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that
         nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such
         Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall
         be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any
         trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and
         upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture, the
         resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective
         to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without
         any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
         rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect
         to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of
         such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any
         successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly

                                      51

<Page>

         assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and
         money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the
         Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
         successor Trustee relates.

                  (c)      Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the
         Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and
         certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such
         rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this
         Section, as the case may be.

                  (d)      No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment
         unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be
         qualified and eligible under this Article.

SECTION 612.  MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS.

                  Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a
party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate
trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder,
provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this
Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the
part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been
authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor
by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt
such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same
effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

SECTION 613.  PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY.

                  The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust
Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b)
of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be
subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent indicated
therein.

SECTION 614.  APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT.

                  The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents
which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities issued upon original issue and upon exchange, registration of
transfer or partial redemption or pursuant to Section 306, and Securities so
authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be
valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee
hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication
and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of
authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and
delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate
of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent.
Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall at all
times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws

                                      52

<Page>

of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia
having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 or equivalent
amount expressed in a foreign currency and subject to supervision or examination
by Federal or State (or District of Columbia) authority or authority of such
country. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least
annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or
examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital
and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined
capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so
published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall
resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

                  Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be
merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation
resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such
Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the
corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall
continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be
otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any
paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

                  An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving
written notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any
time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice
thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a
notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall mail written notice of
such appointment by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders as their
names and addresses appear in the Security Register. Any successor
Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become
vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with
like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor
Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of
this Section.

                  The Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from
time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section, and
the Trustee shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the
provisions of Section 607.

                  If an appointment is made pursuant to this Section, the
Securities may have endorsed thereon, in addition to the Trustee's certificate
of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in the following
form:

                                      53

<Page>

                  "This is one of the Securities of the series designated
therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                      _________________________________________,
                                               AS TRUSTEE

                                      By_______________________________________,
                                               AS AUTHENTICATING AGENT

                                      By________________________________________
                                               AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY".

                  Notwithstanding any provision of this Section 614 to the
contrary, if at any time any Authenticating Agent appointed hereunder with
respect to any series of Securities shall not also be acting as the Security
Registrar hereunder with respect to any series of Securities, then, in addition
to all other duties of an Authenticating Agent hereunder, such Authenticating
Agent shall also be obligated: (i) to furnish to the Security Registrar promptly
all information necessary to enable the Security Registrar to maintain at all
times an accurate and current Security Register; and (ii) prior to
authenticating any Security denominated in a foreign currency, to ascertain from
the Company the units of such foreign currency that are required to be
determined by the Company pursuant to Section 302.

                                  ARTICLE SEVEN

              HOLDER'S LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

SECTION 701.  COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS.

                  With respect to each series of Securities, the Company will
furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

                  (a)      semi-annually, not more than 15 days after each
         Regular Record Date relating to that series (or, if there is no Regular
         Record Date relating to that series, on January 1 and July 1), a list,
         in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and
         addresses of the Holders of that series as of such dates, and

                  (b)      at such other times as the Trustee may request in
         writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such
         request, a list of similar form and content, such list to be dated as
         of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is
         furnished;

                                      54

<Page>

         PROVIDED, that so long as the Trustee is the Security Registrar, the
         Company shall not be required to furnish or cause to be furnished such
         a list to the Trustee. The Company shall otherwise comply with Section
         310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 702.  PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS TO HOLDERS.

                  (a)      The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as
         is reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of Holders of each
         series contained in the most recent list furnished to the Trustee as
         provided in Section 701 and the names and addresses of Holders of each
         series received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar,
         if applicable. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as
         provided in Section 701 upon receipt of a new list so furnished. The
         Trustee shall otherwise comply with Section 310(a) of the Trust
         Indenture Act.

                  (b)      Holders of Securities may communicate pursuant to
         Section 312(b) the Trust Indenture Act with other Holders with respect
         to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities.

                  (c)      Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding
         the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the
         Company nor the Trustee nor any agent of either of them shall be held
         accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to
         the names and addresses of the Holders in accordance with Section
         702(b), regardless of the source from which such information was
         derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason
         of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under Section
         702(b). The Company, the Trustee, the Security Registrar and any other
         Person shall have the protection of Section 312(c) of the Trust
         Indenture Act.

SECTION 703.  REPORTS BY TRUSTEE.

                  (a)      Within 60 days after May 15 of each year after the
         execution of this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to
         Holders a brief report dated as of such May 15 that complies with
         Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

                  (b)      The Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) of the
         Trust Indenture Act.

                  (c)      Reports pursuant to this Section shall be transmitted
         by mail as required by Sections 313(c) and 313(d) of the Trust
         Indenture Act:

                           (1)      to all Holders of Securities, as the names
                  and addresses of such Holders appear in the Security Register;

                           (2)      to such Holders of Securities as have,
                  within the two years preceding such transmissions, filed their
                  names and addresses with the Trustee for that purpose; and

                                      55

<Page>

                           (3)      except in the case of reports pursuant to
                  Subsection (b) of this Section, to each Holder of a Security
                  whose name and address is preserved at the time by the
                  Trustee, as provided in Section 702(a).

                  (d)      A copy of each report pursuant to Subsection (a) or
         (b) of this Section 703 shall, at the time of its transmission to
         Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which
         any Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company.
         The Company will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on
         any stock exchange.

SECTION 704.  REPORTS BY COMPANY.

                  The Company shall file with the Trustee, within 15 days after
the Company is required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the
annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of
such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by
rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with
the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and shall otherwise comply with Section 314(a)
of the Trust Indenture Act.

                                  ARTICLE EIGHT

              CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

SECTION 801.  COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN TERMS.

                  The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other
Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as
an entirety to any Person, unless:

                  (1)      the Person formed by such consolidation or into which
         the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or
         transfer, or which leases, the properties and assets of the Company
         substantially as an entirety shall be a corporation, partnership or
         trust and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto,
         executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the
         Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium,
         if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to all
         the Securities and the performance of every covenant of this Indenture
         on the part of the Company to be performed or observed;

                  (2)      immediately after giving effect to such transaction,
         no Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and

                  (3)      the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such
         consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a
         supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction,
         such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all
         conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction
         have been complied with.

                                      56

<Page>

SECTION 802.  SUCCESSOR PERSON SUBSTITUTED.

                  Upon any consolidation by the Company with or merger by the
Company into any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the
properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety in accordance
with Section 801, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into
which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is
made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and
power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such
successor Person had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in
the case of such lease, the predecessor Person shall be relieved of all
obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

                                  ARTICLE NINE

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 901.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS.

                  Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when
authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to
time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form
satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

                  (1)      to evidence the succession of another Person to the
         Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of
         the Company herein and in the Securities; or

                  (2)      to add to the covenants of the Company for the
         benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such
         covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of
         Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included
         solely for the benefit of such series), to any guarantees of any series
         of Securities, or to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge any
         property to or with the Trustee or otherwise secure any series of the
         Securities or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the
         Company; or

                  (3)      to add any additional Events of Default with respect
         to all or any series of the Securities (and, if such Event of Default
         is applicable to less than all series of Securities, specifying the
         series to which such Event of Default is applicable); or

                  (4)      to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this
         Indenture, PROVIDED that any such change or elimination shall become
         effective only when there is no Security Outstanding of any series
         created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture which is
         adversely affected by such change in or elimination of such provision;
         or

                  (5)      to establish the form or terms of Securities of any
         series as permitted by Sections 201 and 301; or

                                       57

<Page>

                  (6)      to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture
         to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the
         defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to
         Section 401; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that any such action shall not
         adversely affect the interest of the Holders of Securities of such
         series or any other series of Securities in any material respect; or

                  (7)      to evidence and provide for the acceptance of
         appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the
         Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the
         provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or
         facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one
         Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 611(b); or

                  (8)      to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any
         provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other
         provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to
         matters or questions arising under this Indenture, PROVIDED such other
         provisions as may be made shall not adversely affect the interests of
         the Holders of Securities of any series in any material respect; or

                  (9)      to comply with any requirement in order to effect or
         maintain qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 902.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS.

                  With the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series affected by such supplemental
indenture (acting as one class), by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company
and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the
Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the
purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any
of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of
the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the
Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby,

                  (1)      change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or
         any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce
         the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon, any
         Additional Amounts with respect thereto or any premium payable upon the
         redemption thereof, or change any obligation of the Company to pay
         Additional Amounts (except as contemplated by Section 801(1) and
         permitted by Section 901(1)), or reduce the amount of the principal of
         an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon
         a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
         Section 502, or change any Place of Payment where, or the coin or
         currency or currencies (including composite currencies) in which, any
         Security or any premium or any interest thereon or Additional Amounts
         with respect thereto is payable, or impair the right to institute suit
         for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity
         thereof (or, in the case of

                                       58

<Page>

         redemption, on or after the Redemption Date) or modify the provisions
         of this Indenture with respect to the subordination of any Security in
         a manner adverse to the Holder thereof, or

                  (2)      reduce the percentage in principal amount of
         Outstanding Securities, the consent of whose Holders is required for
         any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is
         required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this
         Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences)
         provided for in this Indenture, or

                  (3)      modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section
         512 or Section 1006, except to increase any such percentage or to
         provide with respect to any particular series the right to condition
         the effectiveness of any supplemental indenture as to that series on
         the consent of the Holders of a specified percentage of the aggregate
         principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such series (which
         provision may be made pursuant to Section 301 without the consent of
         any Holder) or to provide that certain other provisions of this
         Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the
         Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, PROVIDED,
         HOWEVER, that this clause shall not be deemed to require the consent of
         any Holder with respect to changes in the references to "the Trustee"
         and concomitant changes in this Section and Section 1006, or the
         deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of
         Sections 611(b) and 901(7).

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other
provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the
benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant
or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

                  It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this
Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture,
but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

SECTION 903.  EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

                  In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by,
any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications
thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled
to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying
upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental
indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but
shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which
affects the Trustee's own rights, duties, immunities or liabilities under this
Indenture or otherwise.

SECTION 904.  EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

                                       59

<Page>

                  Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this
Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such
supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and
every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered
hereunder shall be bound thereby.

SECTION 905.  CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

                  Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article
shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

SECTION 906.  REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

                  Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall
if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as
to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall
so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the
opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may
be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

                                   ARTICLE TEN

                                    COVENANTS

SECTION 1001.  PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST.

                  The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each
series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of (and
premium, if any), interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the
Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of the Securities and
this Indenture.

SECTION 1002.  MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.

                  The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any
series of Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be
presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be
surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and
demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and
this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the
Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or
agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required
office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof,
such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the
Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.

                                       60

<Page>

                  The Company may also from time to time designate one or more
other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be
presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time
rescind such designations; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such designation or
rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain
an office or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for
such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any
such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such
other office or agency.

SECTION 1003.  MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.

                  If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent
with respect to any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of
the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on or any Additional Amounts
with respect to any of the Securities of that series, segregate and hold in
trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay
the principal (and premium, if any) or interest or any Additional Amounts so
becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed
of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or
failure so to act.

                  Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for
any series of Securities, the Company will, on or before each due date of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that series,
deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium,
if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the
benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and
(unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the
Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

                  The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of
Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an
instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to
the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will:

                  (1)      hold all sums held by it for the payment of the
         principal of (and premium, if any), interest on or any Additional
         Amounts with respect to Securities of that series in trust for the
         benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid
         to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

                  (2)      give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company
         (or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making
         of any payment of principal (and premium, if any), interest on or any
         Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of that series; and

                  (3)      at any time during the continuance of any such
         default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the
         Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

                                       61

<Page>

                  The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same trusts as those upon which sums were held by the Company or such
Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such
Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
money.

                  Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or
then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of (and
premium, if any) or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any
Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for three years after such
principal (and premium, if any) or interest or Additional Amounts have become
due and payable shall, unless otherwise required by mandatory provisions of
applicable escheat, or abandoned or unclaimed property law, be paid to the
Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged
from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an
unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and
all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust
money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon
cease; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being
required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to
be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper in The Borough of Manhattan, The
City of New York and in such other Authorized Newspapers as the Trustee shall
deem appropriate, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a
date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of
such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will,
unless otherwise required by mandatory provisions of applicable escheat, or
abandoned or unclaimed property law, be repaid to the Company.

SECTION 1004.  EXISTENCE.

                  Subject to Article Eight, the Company will do or cause to be
done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its
corporate existence.

SECTION 1005.  STATEMENT BY OFFICERS AS TO DEFAULT.

                  The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after
the end of each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof so long
as any Security is outstanding hereunder, an Officers' Certificate, complying
with Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, stating that a review of the
activities of the Company during such year and of performance under this
Indenture has been made under the supervision of the signers thereof and whether
or not to the best of their knowledge, based upon such review, the Company is in
default in the performance, observance or fulfillment of any of its covenants
and other obligations under this Indenture, and if the Company shall be in
default, specifying each such default known to them and the nature and status
thereof. One of the officers signing the Officers' Certificate delivered
pursuant to this Section 1005 shall be the principal executive, financial or
accounting officer of the Company.

                                       62

<Page>

                  For purposes of this Section, such compliance shall be
determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice
provided under this Indenture.

SECTION 1006.  WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS.

                  The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with
any covenant or condition set forth in Section 1004, or any covenant added for
the benefit of any series of Securities as contemplated by Section 301 (unless
otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301) if before or after the time for
such compliance the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of all series affected by such omission (acting as one class) shall,
by Act of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or
generally waive compliance with such covenant or condition, but no such waiver
shall extend to or affect such covenant or condition except to the extent so
expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations
of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such covenant or
condition shall remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 1007.  ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS.

                  If the Securities of a series expressly provide for the
payment of Additional Amounts, the Company will pay to the Holder of any
Security of such series Additional Amounts as expressly provided therein.
Whenever in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of
the principal of or any premium or interest on, or in respect of, any Security
of any series or the net proceeds received from the sale or exchange of any
Security of any series, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the
payment of Additional Amounts provided for in this Section to the extent that,
in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in respect
thereof pursuant to the provisions of this Section and express mention of the
payment of Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any provisions hereof shall not
be construed as excluding Additional Amounts in those provisions hereof where
such express mention is not made.

                  If the Securities of a series provide for the payment of
Additional Amounts, at least 10 days prior to the first Interest Payment Date
with respect to that series of Securities (or if the Securities of that series
will not bear interest prior to Maturity, the first day on which a payment of
principal and any premium is made), and at least 10 days prior to each date of
payment of principal and any premium or interest if there has been any change
with respect to the matters set forth in the below-mentioned Officers'
Certificate, the Company shall furnish the Trustee and the Company's principal
Paying Agent or Paying Agents, if other than the Trustee, with an Officers'
Certificate instructing the Trustee and such Paying Agent or Paying Agents
whether such payment of principal of and any premium or interest on the
Securities of that series shall be made to Holders of Securities of that series
who are United States Aliens without withholding for or on account of any tax,
assessment or other governmental charge described in the Securities of that
series. If any such withholding shall be required, then such Officers'
Certificate shall specify by country the amount, if any, required to be withheld
on such payments to such Holders of Securities and the Company will pay to such
Paying Agent the Additional Amounts required by this Section. The Company
covenants to indemnify the Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them
harmless against any loss,

                                       63

<Page>

liability or expense reasonably incurred without negligence or bad faith on
their part arising out of or in connection with actions taken or omitted by any
of them in reliance on any Officers' Certificate furnished pursuant to this
Section 1007.

                                 ARTICLE ELEVEN

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1101.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

                  Securities of any series which are redeemable before their
Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except
as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of any
series) in accordance with this Article.

SECTION 1102.  ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE.

                  Unless otherwise provided with respect to the Securities of a
series as contemplated by Section 301, the election of the Company to redeem any
Securities shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption
at the election of the Company of less than all the Securities of any series,
the Company shall, a reasonable period prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the
Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify
the Trustee of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of
such series to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to
the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of
such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the
Trustee with an Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance with such
restriction. Any notice may be cancelled at any time prior to the mailing of
that notice of redemption to any Holder of the Securities of that series and
shall thereupon be void and of no effect.

SECTION 1103.  SELECTION BY TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED.

                  If less than all the Securities of any series are to be
redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more
than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding
Securities of such series not previously called for redemption, by such method
as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the
selection for redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized
denomination for Securities of that series or any integral multiple thereof) of
the principal amount of Securities of such series of a denomination larger than
the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series or of the
principal amount of global Securities of such series.

                  The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security
Registrar in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case
of any Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof
to be redeemed.

                                       64

<Page>

                  For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context
otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities
shall relate, in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in
part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been
or is to be redeemed.

SECTION 1104.  NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

                  Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in
Section 107 to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed not less than 30 nor
more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date.

                  All notices of redemption shall state:

                  (1)      the Redemption Date,

                  (2)      the Redemption Price,

                  (3)      if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any
         series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of
         partial redemption, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities
         to be redeemed,

                  (4)      that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will
         become due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if
         applicable, that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after
         said date,

                  (5)      the place or places where such Securities are to be
         surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price,

                  (6)      that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is
         the case, and

                  (7)      the "CUSIP" number, if applicable.

         A notice of redemption as contemplated by Section 107 need not identify
particular Securities to be redeemed. Notice of redemption of Securities to be
redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the
Company's request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.

SECTION 1105.  DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE.

                  On or before any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit
with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own
Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount
of money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the
Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, and any
Additional Amounts with respect to, all the Securities which are to be redeemed
on that date.

                                       65

<Page>

SECTION 1106.  SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE.

                  Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the
Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and
payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date
(unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and
accrued interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender
of any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such
Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with
accrued interest (and any Additional Amounts) to the Redemption Date; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to
the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one
or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on
the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section
307.

                  If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid
upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any)
shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed
therefor in the Security or, in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities,
the Securities' Yield to Maturity.

SECTION 1107.  SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART.

                  Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be
surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee
so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof
or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security
without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and
Stated Maturity, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in
aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion
of the principal of the Security so surrendered.

SECTION 1108.  PURCHASE OF SECURITIES.

                  Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, the
Company and any Affiliate of the Company may at any time purchase or otherwise
acquire Securities in the open market or by private agreement. Such acquisition
shall not operate as or be deemed for any purpose to be a redemption of the
indebtedness represented by such Securities. Any Securities purchased or
acquired by the Company may be delivered to the Trustee and, upon such delivery,
the indebtedness represented thereby shall be deemed to be satisfied. Section
309 shall apply to all Securities so delivered.

                                      66
<Page>

                                 ARTICLE TWELVE

                                  SINKING FUNDS

SECTION 1201.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

                  The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any
sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of such series.

                  The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by
the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory
sinking fund payment", and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided
for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an
"optional sinking fund payment". Unless otherwise provided by the terms of
Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be
subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment
shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for
by the terms of Securities of such series.

SECTION 1202.  SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES.

                  The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series
(other than any previously called for redemption), and (2) may apply as a credit
Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the
Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of
permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such
Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund
payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made
pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such
series; PROVIDED that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such
Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the
Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation
of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

SECTION 1203.  REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND.

                  Not less than 45 days prior (unless a shorter period shall be
satisfactory to the Trustee) to each sinking fund payment date for any series of
Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series
pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to
be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be
satisfied by delivery of or by crediting Securities of that series pursuant to
Section 1202 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so
delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the
Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund
payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and cause notice of the
redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company
in the manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice having been

                                      67
<Page>

duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and
in the manner stated in Sections 1106 and 1107.

                                ARTICLE THIRTEEN

                                  SUBORDINATION

SECTION 1301.  SECURITIES SUBORDINATED TO SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.

                  The Company and each Holder of a Security, by his or her
acceptance thereof, agree that (a) the payment of the principal of, premium (if
any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to each and all the
Securities and (b) any other payment in respect of the Securities, including on
account of the acquisition or redemption of Securities by the Company, is
subordinated, to the extent and in the manner provided in this Article Thirteen,
to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company, whether
outstanding at the date of this Indenture or thereafter created, incurred,
assumed or guaranteed, and that these subordination provisions are for the
benefit of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company.

                  This Article Thirteen shall constitute a continuing offer to
all Persons who, in reliance upon such provisions, become holders of, or
continue to hold, Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and such provisions are
made for the benefit of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and
such holders are made obligees hereunder and any one or more of them may enforce
such provisions.

SECTION 1302.  NO PAYMENT ON SECURITIES IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES.

                  (a)      Unless otherwise specified with respect to Securities
of a series as contemplated in Section 301, no payment shall be made by or on
behalf of the Company on account of the principal of, premium (if any) or
interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of any
series or to acquire any of such Securities (including any repurchases of such
Securities pursuant to the provisions hereof or thereof at the option of the
Holder of such Securities) for cash or property (other than Junior securities of
the Company), or on account of any redemption provisions of such Securities, in
the event of default in payment of any principal of, premium (if any) or
interest on any Senior Indebtedness of the Company when the same becomes due and
payable, whether at maturity or at a date fixed for prepayment or by declaration
or otherwise (a "Payment Default"), unless and until such Payment Default has
been cured or waived or otherwise has ceased to exist.

                  (b)      Unless otherwise specified with respect to Securities
of a series as contemplated in Section 301, no payment shall be made by or on
behalf of the Company on account of the principal of, premium (if any) or
interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of any
series or to acquire any of such Securities (including any repurchases of such
Securities pursuant to the provisions hereof or thereof at the option of the
Holder of such Securities) for cash or property (other than Junior securities of
the Company), or on account of any redemption

                                      68
<Page>

provisions of such Securities, in the event of any event of default (other than
a Payment Default) with respect to any Designated Senior Indebtedness permitting
the holders of such Designated Senior Indebtedness (or a trustee or other
representative on behalf of the holders thereof) to declare such Designated
Senior Indebtedness due and payable prior to the date on which it would
otherwise have become due and payable, upon written notice thereof to the
Company and the Trustee by any holders of Designated Senior Indebtedness (or a
trustee or other representative on behalf of the holders thereof) (the "Payment
Notice"), unless and until such event of default shall have been cured or waived
or otherwise has ceased to exist; PROVIDED, that such payments may not be
prevented pursuant to this Section 1302(b) for more than 179 days after an
applicable Payment Notice has been received by the Trustee unless the Designated
Senior Indebtedness in respect of which such event of default exists has been
declared due and payable in its entirety, in which case no such payment may be
made until such acceleration has been rescinded or annulled or such Designated
Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full. No event of default that existed or
was continuing on the date of any Payment Notice (whether or not such event of
default is on the same issue of Designated Senior Indebtedness) may be made the
basis for the giving of a second Payment Notice, and only one such Payment
Notice may be given in any 365-day period.

                  (c)      In furtherance of the provisions of Section 1301, in
the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1302,
any payment or distribution of assets of the Company (other than Junior
securities of the Company) shall be received by the Trustee or the Holders of
Securities of any series at a time when such payment or distribution was
prohibited by the provisions of this Section 1302, then, unless such payment or
distribution is no longer prohibited by this Section 1302, such payment or
distribution (subject to the provisions of Section 1307) shall be received and
held in trust by the Trustee or such Holder or Paying Agent for the benefit of
the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and shall be paid or
delivered by the Trustee or such Holders or such Paying Agent, as the case may
be, to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company remaining unpaid or
unprovided for or their representative or representatives, or to the trustee or
trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any instruments evidencing such
Senior Indebtedness of the Company may have been issued, ratably, according to
the aggregate amounts remaining unpaid on account of such Senior Indebtedness of
the Company held or represented by each, for application to the payment of all
Senior Indebtedness in full after giving effect to all concurrent payments and
distributions to or for the holders of such Senior Indebtedness.

SECTION 1303.  SECURITIES SUBORDINATED TO PRIOR PAYMENT OF ALL SENIOR
INDEBTEDNESS ON DISSOLUTION, LIQUIDATION OR REORGANIZATION.

                  Upon any distribution of assets of the Company or upon any
dissolution, winding up, total or partial liquidation or reorganization of the
Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, in bankruptcy, insolvency,
receivership or similar proceeding or upon assignment for the benefit of
creditors:

                  (a)      the holders of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company
         shall first be entitled to receive payments in full, in cash, before
         the Holders of Securities of any series are entitled to receive any
         payment on account of the principal of, premium (if any) or interest on
         or any

                                      69
<Page>

         Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities (other than Junior
         securities of the Company);

                  (b)      any payment or distribution of assets of the Company
         of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities
         (other than Junior securities of the Company), to which the Holders of
         Securities of any series or the Trustee on behalf of such Holders would
         be entitled, except for the provisions of this Article Thirteen, shall
         be paid by the liquidating trustee or agent or other Person making such
         a payment or distribution directly to the holders of such Senior
         Indebtedness or their representative, ratably according to the
         respective amounts of Senior Indebtedness held or represented by each,
         to the extent necessary to make payment in full of all such Senior
         Indebtedness remaining unpaid after giving effect to all concurrent
         payments and distributions to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness;
         and

                  (c)      in the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any
         payment or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or
         character, whether in cash, property or securities (other than Junior
         securities of the Company), shall be received by the Trustee or the
         Holders of Securities of any series or any Paying Agent (or, if the
         Company or any Affiliate of the Company is acting as its own Paying
         Agent, money for any such payment or distribution shall be segregated
         or held in trust) on account of the principal of, premium (if any) or
         interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of
         such series before all Senior Indebtedness of the Company is paid in
         full, in cash, such payment or distribution (subject to the provisions
         of Section 1307) shall be received and held in trust by the Trustee or
         such Holder or Paying Agent for the benefit of the holders of such
         Senior Indebtedness, or their respective representatives, ratably
         according to the respective amounts of such Senior Indebtedness held or
         represented by each, to the extent necessary to make payment as
         provided herein of all such Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid after
         giving effect to all concurrent payments and distributions and all
         provisions therefor to or for the holders of such Senior Indebtedness,
         but only to the extent that as to any holder of such Senior
         Indebtedness, as promptly as practical following notice from the
         Trustee to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness that such prohibited
         payment has been received by the Trustee, Holder(s) or Paying Agent (or
         has been segregated as provided above), such holder (or a
         representative therefor) notifies the Trustee of the amounts then due
         and owing on such Senior Indebtedness, if any, held by such holder and
         only the amounts specified in such notices to the Trustee shall be paid
         to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness.

SECTION 1304.  SUBROGATION TO RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.

                  Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of
the Company as provided herein, the Holders of the Securities shall be
subrogated (to the extent of the payments or distributions made to the holders
of such Senior Indebtedness pursuant to the provisions of this Article) to the
rights of the holders of such Senior Indebtedness to receive payments or
distributions of assets of the Company applicable to the Senior Indebtedness
until all amounts owing on the Securities shall be paid in full. For the purpose
of such subrogation, no such payments or distributions to the holders of such
Senior Indebtedness by the Company, or by or on behalf of the

                                      70
<Page>

Holders of the Securities by virtue of this Article Thirteen, which otherwise
would have been made to such Holders shall, as between the Company and such
Holders, be deemed to be payment by the Company or on account of such Senior
Indebtedness, it being understood that the provisions of this Article Thirteen
are and are intended solely for the purpose of defining the relative rights of
the Holders of the Securities, on the one hand, and the holders of such Senior
Indebtedness, on the other hand.

                  If any payment or distribution to which the Holders of the
Securities would otherwise have been entitled but for the provisions of this
Article Thirteen shall have been applied, pursuant to the provisions of this
Article Thirteen, to the payment of amounts payable under Senior Indebtedness of
the Company, then such Holders shall be entitled to receive from the holders of
such Senior Indebtedness any payments or distributions received by such holders
of Senior Indebtedness in excess of the amount sufficient to pay all amounts
payable under or in respect of such Senior Indebtedness in full.

SECTION 1305.  OBLIGATIONS OF THE COMPANY UNCONDITIONAL.

                  Nothing contained in this Article Thirteen or elsewhere in
this Indenture or in the Securities is intended to or shall impair, as between
the Company and the Holders of the Securities of any series, the obligation of
the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay to such Holders the
principal of, premium (if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts with
respect to the Securities of such series as and when the same shall become due
and payable in accordance with their terms, or is intended to or shall affect
the relative rights of such Holders and creditors of the Company other than the
holders of the Senior Indebtedness, nor shall anything herein or therein prevent
the Trustee or any Holder from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by
applicable law upon default under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any,
under this Article Thirteen, of the holders of Senior Indebtedness in respect of
cash, property or securities of the Company received upon the exercise of any
such remedy. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article Thirteen
or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities, upon any distribution of
assets of the Company referred to in this Article Thirteen, the Trustee, subject
to the provisions of Sections 601 and 603, and the Holders of the Securities
shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree made by any court of
competent jurisdiction in which such dissolution, winding up, liquidation or
reorganization proceedings are pending, or a certificate of the liquidating
trustee or agent or other Person making any distribution to the Trustee or to
such Holders for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate
in such distribution, the holders of the Senior Indebtedness and other
Indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount
or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or
to this Article Thirteen so long as such court has been apprised of the
provisions of, or the order, decree or certificate makes reference to, the
provisions of this Article Thirteen.

                                      71
<Page>

SECTION 1306.  TRUSTEE ENTITLED TO ASSUME PAYMENTS NOT PROHIBITED IN ABSENCE OF
NOTICE.

                  The Trustee shall not at any time be charged with knowledge of
the existence of any facts that would prohibit the making of any payment to or
by the Trustee unless and until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee or any
Paying Agent shall have received, no later than two Business Days prior to such
payment, written notice thereof from the Company or from one or more holders of
Senior Indebtedness or from any representative therefor and, prior to the
receipt of any such written notice, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
Sections 601 and 603, shall be entitled in all respects conclusively to assume
that no such fact exists.

SECTION 1307.  APPLICATION BY TRUSTEE OF AMOUNTS DEPOSITED WITH IT.

                  Amounts deposited in trust with the Trustee pursuant to and in
accordance with Article Four shall be for the sole benefit of Holders of the
Securities of series for the benefit of which such amounts were deposited, and,
to the extent allocated for the payment of Securities of such series, shall not
be subject to the subordination provisions of this Article Thirteen. Otherwise,
any deposit of assets with the Trustee or the Paying Agent (whether or not in
trust) for the payment of principal of, premium (if any) or interest on or any
Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities shall be subject to the
provisions of Sections 1301, 1302, 1303 and 1304; PROVIDED that if prior to two
Business Days preceding the date on which by the terms of this Indenture any
such assets may become distributable for any purpose (including without
limitation, the payment of either principal of, premium (if any) or interest on
or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security), the Trustee or such
Paying Agent shall not have received with respect to such assets the written
notice provided for in Section 1306, then the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall
have full power and authority to receive such assets and to apply the same to
the purpose for which they were received, and shall not be affected by any
notice to the contrary that may be received by it on or after such date; and
PROVIDED FURTHER that nothing contained in this Article Thirteen shall prevent
the Company from making, or the Trustee from receiving or applying, any payment
in connection with the redemption of Securities if the first publication of
notice of such redemption (whether by mail or otherwise in accordance with this
Indenture) has been made, and the Trustee has received such payment from the
Company, prior to the occurrence of any of the contingencies specified in
Section 1302 or 1303.

SECTION 1308.  SUBORDINATION RIGHTS NOT IMPAIRED BY ACTS OR OMISSIONS OF THE
COMPANY OR HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.

                  No right of any present or future holders of any Senior
Indebtedness to enforce subordination provisions contained in this Article
Thirteen shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired by any act or
failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act or failure to act, in
good faith, by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by the Company with the
terms of this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof that any such
holder may have or be otherwise charged with. The holders of Senior Indebtedness
may extend, renew, modify or amend the terms of the Senior Indebtedness or any
security therefor and release, sell or exchange such security and

                                      72

<Page>

otherwise deal freely with the Company, all without affecting the liabilities
and obligations of the parties to this Indenture or the Holders of the
Securities.

SECTION 1309.  TRUSTEE TO EFFECTUATE SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES.

                  Each Holder of a Security by his or her acceptance thereof
authorizes and expressly directs the Trustee on his behalf to take such action
as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination provisions
contained in this Article Thirteen and to protect the rights of the Holders of
the Securities pursuant to this Indenture, and appoints the Trustee his
attorney-in-fact for such purpose, including, in the event of any dissolution,
winding up, liquidation or reorganization of the Company (whether in bankruptcy,
insolvency or receivership proceedings or upon an assignment for the benefit of
creditors of the Company), the filing of a claim for the unpaid balance of his
Securities in the form required in said proceedings and cause said claim to be
approved. If the Trustee does not file a proper claim or proof of debt in the
form required in such proceeding prior to 30 days before the expiration of the
time to file such claim or claims, then the holders of the Senior Indebtedness
or their representative is hereby authorized to have the right to file and is
hereby authorized to file an appropriate claim for and on behalf of the Holders
of said Securities. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the
Trustee or the holders of Senior Indebtedness or their representative to
authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder of Securities
any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the
Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee or
the holders of Senior Indebtedness or their representative to vote in respect of
the claim of any Holder of the Securities in any such proceeding.

SECTION 1310.  RIGHT OF TRUSTEE TO HOLD SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.

                  The Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to
all of the rights set forth in this Article Thirteen in respect of any Senior
Indebtedness at any time held by it to the same extent as any other holder of
Senior Indebtedness, and nothing in this Indenture shall be construed to deprive
the Trustee of any of its rights as such holder.

SECTION 1311.  ARTICLE THIRTEEN NOT TO PREVENT EVENTS OF DEFAULT.

                  The failure to make a payment on account of principal of or
premium (if any) or interest on the Securities by reason of any provision of
this Article Thirteen shall not be construed as preventing the occurrence of a
Default or an Event of Default under Section 501 or in any way prevent the
Holders of the Securities from exercising any right hereunder other than the
right to receive payment on the Securities.

SECTION 1312.  NO FIDUCIARY DUTY OF TRUSTEE TO HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.

                  The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to
the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and shall not be liable to
any such holders (other than for its willful misconduct or negligence) if it
shall in good faith mistakenly pay over or distribute to the Holders of the
Securities or the Company or any other Person, cash, property or securities to
which any

                                      73

<Page>

holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company shall be entitled by virtue of
this Article Thirteen or otherwise. Nothing in this Section 1312 shall affect
the obligation of any other such Person to hold such payment for the benefit of,
and to pay such payment over to, the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the
Company or their representative.

SECTION 1313.  ARTICLE APPLICABLE TO PAYING AGENT.

                  In case at any time any Payment Agent other than the Trustee
shall have been appointed by the Company and be then acting hereunder, the term
"Trustee" as used in this Article Thirteen shall in such case (unless the
context shall otherwise require) be construed as extending to and including such
Payment Agent within its meaning as fully for all intents and purposes as if
such Paying Agent were named in this Article in addition to or in place of the
Trustee; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that this Section 1313 shall not apply to the
Company or any Affiliate of the Company if it or such Affiliate acts as Paying
Agent.

                                ARTICLE FOURTEEN

                        MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1401.  PURPOSES FOR WHICH MEETINGS MAY BE CALLED.

                  A meeting of Holders of Securities of any or all series may be
called at any time and from time to time pursuant to this Article to make, give
or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders
of Securities of such series.

SECTION 1402.  CALL, NOTICE AND PLACE OF MEETINGS.

                  (a)      The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders
of Securities of any series for any purpose specified in Section 1401, to be
held at such time and at such place in [CITY, STATE], or in any other location,
as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of Holders of Securities
of any series, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in
general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given,
in the manner provided in Section 107, not less than 20 nor more than 180 days
prior to the date fixed for the meeting.

                  (b)      In case at any time the Company, pursuant to a Board
Resolution, or the Holders of at least 10% in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series, shall have requested the Trustee for any
such series to call a meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for
any purpose specified in Section 1401, by written request setting forth in
reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the
Trustee shall not have made the first publication of the notice of such meeting
within 30 days after receipt of such request or shall not thereafter proceed to
cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the Company or the Holders
of Securities of such series in the amount above specified, as the case may be,
may

                                      74

<Page>

determine the time and the place in [CITY, STATE], for such meeting and may call
such meeting for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in
Subsection (a) of this Section.

SECTION 1403.  PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AT MEETINGS.

                  To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities
of any series, a Person shall be (1) a Holder of one or more Outstanding
Securities of such series, or (2) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing
as proxy for a Holder or Holders of one or more Outstanding Securities of such
series by such Holder or Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be
present or to speak at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall
be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any
representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the
Company and its counsel.

SECTION 1404.  QUORUM; ACTION.

                  The Persons entitled to vote a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for a
meeting of Holders of Securities of such series. In the absence of a quorum
within 30 minutes of the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall,
if convened at the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be
dissolved. In any other case, the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not
less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the
adjournment of such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any such adjourned
meeting, such adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not
less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the
adjournment of such adjourned meeting. Subject to Section 1405(d), notice of the
reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall be given as provided in Section
1402(a), except that such notice need be given only once not less than five days
prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of
the reconvening of an adjourned meeting shall state expressly that Persons
entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of
such series shall constitute a quorum.

                  Except as limited by the proviso to Section 902, any
resolution presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which
a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the
Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of that series; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, except as limited by the
proviso to Section 902, any resolution with respect to any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver which this Indenture
expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified
percentage that is less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of a series may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned
meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the
affirmative vote of the Holders of such specified percentage in aggregate
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series.

                  Except as limited by the proviso to Section 902, any
resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of Securities of
any series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be binding on all the
Holders of Securities of such series, whether or not present or represented at
the meeting.

                                      75

<Page>

SECTION 1405.  DETERMINATION OF VOTING RIGHTS; CONDUCT AND ADJOURNMENT OF
MEETINGS.

                  (a)      The holding of Securities shall be proved in the
         manner specified in Section 105 and the appointment of any proxy shall
         be proved in the manner specified in Section 105. Such regulations may
         provide that written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their
         face, may be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in
         Section 105 or other proof.

                  (b)      The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing,
         appoint a temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall
         have been called by the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided
         in Section 1402(b), in which case the Company or the Holders of
         Securities of the series calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall
         appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent chairman and a permanent
         secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Persons
         entitled to vote a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
         Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting.

                  (c)      At any meeting each Holder of a Security of such
         series and each proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000
         principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series held or
         represented by him; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no vote shall be cast or
         counted at any meeting in respect of any Security challenged as not
         Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not
         Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote,
         except as a Holder of a Security of such series or as a proxy.

                  (d)      Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series
         duly called pursuant to Section 1402 at which a quorum is present may
         be adjourned from time to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority
         in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
         series represented at the meeting; and the meeting may be held as so
         adjourned without further notice.

SECTION 1406.  COUNTING VOTES AND RECORDING ACTION OF MEETINGS.

                  The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of
Holders of Securities of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall
be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of
their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of
the Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The
permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who
shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and
who shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified
written reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at
least in duplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of
Securities of any series shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and
there shall be attached to such record the original reports of the inspectors
of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more
persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of
the meeting and showing that such notice was given as provided in Section 1402
and, if applicable, Section 1404. Each copy shall be signed

                                      76

<Page>

and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the
meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to the Company, and another to
the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached
thereto the ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified
shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.

                         *         *          *

                  This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts,
each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such
counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

                  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this
Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

                                       KEY ENERGY SERVICES, INC.

                                       By:
                                          --------------------------------------
                                                Name:
                                                Title:

                                       [TRUSTEE], Trustee

                                       By:
                                          --------------------------------------
                                                Name:
                                                Title:

                                      77

Source: [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00034-of-00352.parquet"}, [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00034-of-00352.parquet"}]]