Document:

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                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.1

                              AMENDED AND RESTATED
                            ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
                                       OF
                            ATMOS ENERGY CORPORATION
                            (AS OF FEBRUARY 10, 1999)

                                   ARTICLE ONE

      Atmos Energy Corporation, pursuant to the provisions of Article 4.07 of
the Texas Business Corporation Act, adopted Restated Articles of Incorporation,
which accurately copied the Articles of Incorporation and all amendments thereto
that were in effect to date and such Restated Articles of Incorporation
contained no change in any provision thereof.

                                   ARTICLE TWO

      Such Restated Articles of Incorporation were adopted by resolution of the
board of directors of the corporation on the 8th day of November, 1989.

                                  ARTICLE THREE

      The Restated Articles of Incorporation have been further amended pursuant
to (i) that certain Plan of Merger by and between Atmos Energy Corporation and
United Cities Gas Company, an Illinois and Virginia corporation and, (ii) a vote
of the shareholders on February 10, 1999 to increase the total number of
authorized shares. The Articles of Incorporation and all amendments and
supplements thereto as superseded by the Restated Articles of Incorporation and
as further amended pursuant to the Plan of Merger are as follows:

                                   ARTICLE I.

      The name of the corporation shall be Atmos Energy Corporation (the
"Corporation").

                                   ARTICLE II.

      The purposes for which the Corporation is organized are the transaction of
any or all lawful business for which corporations may be incorporated under the
Texas Business Corporation Act, including, but not limited to, the
transportation and distribution of natural gas by pipeline as a public utility,
except that with respect to the Commonwealth of Virginia, the Corporation may
only conduct such business as is permitted to be conducted by a public service
company engaged in the transportation and distribution of natural gas by
pipeline.

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                                  ARTICLE III.

      The Corporation is incorporated in the State of Texas and the Commonwealth
of Virginia. The post office address of the registered office of this
Corporation in the State of Texas is Three Lincoln Centre, Suite 1800, 5430 LBJ
Freeway, Dallas, Texas 75240, and the registered agent for service of this
Corporation at the same address is Glen A. Blanscet. The post office address of
the registered office of this Corporation in the Commonwealth of Virginia is
Riverfront Plaza, East Tower, 951 East Byrd Street, Richmond, Virginia
23219-4074, and the registered agent for service of this Corporation at the same
address is Allen C. Goolsby, III, such registered agent being a resident of the
Commonwealth of Virginia and a member of the Virginia State Bar.

                                   ARTICLE IV.

      The period of the Corporation's duration shall be perpetual.

                                   ARTICLE V.

      The Corporation shall not commence business until it has received for the
shares consideration of the value of One Thousand Dollars ($1,000) consisting of
money, labor done or property actually received.

                                   ARTICLE VI.

      1. Number of Directors. The number of directors constituting the present
board of directors is thirteen (13); however, thereafter the number of directors
constituting the Board of Directors shall be fixed by the Bylaws of the
Corporation. No director shall be removed during his term of office except for
cause and by the affirmative vote of the holders of seventy-five percent (75%)
of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors. The names and
addresses of the persons who are to serve as directors until the next annual
meeting of the shareholders or until their successors are duly elected and
qualified are as follows:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name                                            Address
----                                            -------
<S>                                     <C>
Travis W. Bain II                       2001 Coit Road
                                        Suite 130
                                        Plano, TX 75075

Robert W. Best                          Three Lincoln Centre
                                        Suite 1800
                                        5430 LBJ Freeway
                                        Dallas, Texas 75240

Dan Busbee                              2200 Ross Avenue
                                        Suite 2200
                                        Dallas, TX 75201

Richard W. Cardin                       107 Sheffield Court
                                        Nashville, TN 37215

Thomas J. Garland                       Tusculum College
                                        McCormick Hall, 1st Floor
                                        Greeneville, TN 37743
</TABLE>

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<TABLE>
<S>                                     <C>
Gene C. Koonce                          5300 Maryland Way
                                        Brentwood, TN 37027

Vincent Lewis                           Meadows Office Complex
                                        301 Route #17, North
                                        Rutherford, NJ 07070

Thomas C. Meredith                      Western Kentucky University
                                        Bowling Green, KY  42101

Phillip E. Nichol                       301 Commerce
                                        Suite 2800
                                        Ft. Worth, TX 76102

Carl S. Quinn                           14 East 75th Street, #8B
                                        New York, NY 10021

Lee E. Schlessman                       1301 Pennsylvania Street
                                        Penn Center
                                        Suite 800
                                        Denver, CO  80203

Charles K. Vaughan                      Three Lincoln Centre
                                        Suite 1800
                                        5430 LBJ Freeway
                                        Dallas, TX 75240

Richard Ware II                         Plaza One/Box One
                                        Amarillo, TX  79105
</TABLE>

      2. Election and Term. The directors shall be divided into three classes,
designated Class I, Class II and Class III. Each class shall consist, as nearly
as may be possible, of one-third of the total number of directors constituting
the entire Board of Directors. At each annual meeting of shareholders,
successors to the class of directors whose term expires at that annual meeting
shall be elected for a three-year term. Directors shall be elected by a majority
vote of the shares of the Common Stock entitled to vote in the election of
directors and represented in person or by proxy at a meeting of shareholders at
which a quorum is present. If the number of directors is changed, any increase
or decrease shall be apportioned among the classes so as to maintain the number
of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, and any additional
director of any class elected by the shareholders to fill a vacancy resulting
from an increase in such class shall hold office for a term that shall coincide
with the remaining term of that class, but in no case will a decrease in the
number of directors shorten the term of any incumbent director. A director shall
hold office until the annual meeting for the year in which his term expires and
until his successor shall be duly elected and qualified, subject, however, to
prior death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal from office.

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                                  ARTICLE VII.

      1. Capitalization.

   The aggregate number of shares which the Corporation shall have the authority
to issue is One Hundred Million (100,000,000) shares of Common Stock having no
par value.

      2. Designation and Statement of Preferences, Limitations and Relative
Rights of Common Stock.

      2.01 Subject to the provisions of law, including the Texas Business
Corporation Act and the Virginia Stock Corporation Act and to the conditions set
forth in any law, including resolution of the Board of Directors of the
Corporation, such dividends (payable in cash, stock or otherwise) as may be
determined by the Board of Directors may be declared and paid on the Common
Stock from time to time out of any funds legally available therefor.

      2.02 The holders of the Common Stock shall exclusively possess full voting
power for the election of directors and for all other purposes. In the exercise
of its voting power, the Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each
share held.

      3. Provisions Applicable to All Classes of Stock.

      3.01 Subject to applicable law, the Board of Directors may in its
discretion issue from time to time authorized but unissued shares for such
consideration as it may determine. The shareholders shall have no pre-emptive
rights, as such holders, to purchase any shares or securities of any class which
may at any time be sold or offered for sale by the Corporation.

      3.02 At each election for directors every shareholder entitled to vote at
any meeting shall have the right to vote, in person or by proxy, the number of
shares owned by him for as many persons as there are directors to be elected.
Cumulative voting of shares of stock in the election of directors or otherwise
is hereby expressly prohibited.

      3.03 The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the person in whose name
any share or other security is registered as the owner thereof, for all
purposes, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or
interest in such shares or other security on the part of any other person,
whether or not the Corporation shall have notice thereof.

      4. Provisions Applicable to Certain Business Combinations.

      4.01 The affirmative vote of the holders of not less than seventy-five
percent (75%) of the outstanding shares of "Voting Stock" (as hereinafter
defined) held by stockholders other than a "Substantial Shareholder" (as
hereinafter defined) shall be required for the approval or authorization of any
"Business Combination" (as hereinafter defined) of the Corporation with any
Substantial Shareholder; provided, however, that the seventy-five percent (75%)
voting requirement shall not be applicable if either:

            (i) The "Continuing Directors" (as hereinafter defined) of the
      Corporation by the affirmative vote of at least a majority (a) have
      expressly approved in advance the acquisition of the outstanding shares of
      Voting Stock that caused such Substantial Shareholder to become a
      Substantial Shareholder, or (b) have expressly approved such Business
      Combination either in advance

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      of or subsequent to such Substantial Shareholder's having become a
      Substantial Shareholder; or

            (ii) The cash or fair market value (as determined by at least a
      majority of the Continuing Directors) of the property, securities or other
      consideration to be received per share by holders of Voting Stock of the
      Corporation in the Business Combination is not less than the "Highest Per
      Share Price" or the "Highest Equivalent Price" (as these terms are
      hereinafter defined) paid by the Substantial Shareholder in acquiring any
      of its holdings of the Corporation's Voting Stock.

      4.02 For purposes of this paragraph 4 of Article VII:

            (i) The term "Business Combination" shall include, without
      limitation, (a) any merger or consolidation of the Corporation, or any
      entity controlled by or under common control with the Corporation, with or
      into any Substantial Shareholder, or any entity controlled by or under
      common control with the Substantial Shareholder, (b) any merger or
      consolidation of a Substantial Shareholder, or any entity controlled by or
      under common control with the Corporation, (c) any sale, lease, exchange,
      transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the property
      and assets of the Corporation, or any entity controlled by or under common
      control with the Corporation, to a Substantial Shareholder, or any entity
      controlled by or under common control with the Substantial Shareholder,
      (d) any purchase, lease, exchange, transfer or other acquisition of all or
      substantially all of the property and assets of a Substantial Shareholder
      or any entity controlled by or under common control with the Corporation,
      (e) any recapitalization of the Corporation that would have the effect of
      increasing the voting power of a Substantial Shareholder, and (f) any
      agreement, contract or other arrangement providing for any of the
      transactions described in this definition of Business Combination.

            (ii) The term "Substantial Shareholder" shall mean and include any
      individual, corporation, partnership or other person or entity which,
      together with its "Affiliates" and "Associates" (as those terms are
      defined in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations promulgated
      under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") as in
      effect at the date of the adoption hereof), "Beneficially Owns" (as
      defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) an aggregate of 10 percent or
      more of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Corporation, and any Affiliate
      or Associate of any such individual, corporation, partnership or other
      person or entity.

            (iii) Without limitation, any share of Voting Stock of the
      Corporation that any Substantial Shareholder has the right to acquire at
      any time (notwithstanding that Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act deems such
      shares to be beneficially owned only if such right may be exercised within
      60 days) pursuant to any agreement, or upon exercise of conversion rights,
      warrants or options, or otherwise, shall be deemed to be Beneficially
      Owned by the Substantial Shareholder and to be outstanding for purposes of
      clause (ii) above.

            (iv) For the purposes of subparagraph 4.01(ii) of this paragraph 4
      of Article VII, the term "other consideration to be received" shall
      include,

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      without limitation, Common Stock or other capital stock of the Corporation
      retained by its existing stockholders other than Substantial Shareholders
      or other parties to such Business Combination in the event of a Business
      Combination in which the Corporation is the surviving corporation.

            (v) The term "Voting Stock" shall mean all of the outstanding shares
      of Common Stock entitled to vote on each matter on which the holders of
      record of Common Stock shall be entitled to vote, and each reference to a
      proportion of shares of Voting Stock shall refer to such proposition of
      the votes entitled to be cast by such shares.

            (vi) The term "Continuing Director" shall mean a Director who was a
      member of the Board of Directors of the Corporation immediately prior to
      the time that the Substantial Shareholder involved in a Business
      Combination became a Substantial Shareholder.

            (vii) A Substantial Shareholder shall be deemed to have acquired a
      share of the Voting Stock of the Corporation at the time when such
      Substantial Shareholder became the Beneficial Owner thereof. With respect
      to the shares owned by Affiliates, Associates or other persons whose
      ownership is attributed to a Substantial Shareholder under the foregoing
      definition of Substantial Shareholder, if the price is paid by such
      Substantial Shareholder for such shares is not determinable by a majority
      of the Continuing Directors, the price so paid shall be deemed to be the
      higher of (a) the price paid upon the acquisition thereof by the
      Affiliate, Associate or other person or (b) the market price of the shares
      in question at the time when the Substantial Shareholder became the
      Beneficial Owner thereof.

            (viii) The terms "Highest Per Share Price" and "Highest Equivalent
      Price" as used in this paragraph 4 of Article VII shall mean the highest
      price that can be determined to have been paid at any time by the
      Substantial Shareholder for any share or shares of that class of capital
      stock. If there is more than one class of capital stock of the Corporation
      issued and outstanding, the Highest Equivalent Price shall mean with
      respect to each class and series of capital stock of the Corporation the
      amount determined by a majority of the Continuing Directors, on whatever
      basis they believe is appropriate, to be the highest per share price
      equivalent to the highest price that can be determined to have been paid
      at any time by the Substantial Shareholder for any share or shares of any
      class or series of capital stock of the Corporation. In determining the
      Highest Per Share Price and Highest Equivalent Price, all purchases by the
      Substantial Shareholder shall be taken into account regardless of whether
      the shares were purchased before or after the Substantial Shareholder
      became a Substantial Shareholder. The Highest Per Share Price and the
      Highest Equivalent Price shall include any brokerage commissions, transfer
      taxes and soliciting dealers' fees paid by the Substantial Shareholder
      with respect to the shares of capital stock of the Corporation acquired by
      the Substantial Shareholder. In the case of any Business Combination with
      a Substantial Shareholder, the Continuing Directors shall determine the
      Highest Per Share Price or the Highest Equivalent Price for each class and
      series of the capital stock of the Corporation.

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      4.03 The provisions set forth in this paragraph 4 of Article VII may not
be amended, altered, changed or repealed in any respect unless such action is
approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than seventy-five
percent (75%) of the outstanding shares of Voting Stock (as defined in this
Article VII) of the Corporation at a meeting of the shareholders duly called for
the consideration of such amendment, alteration, change or repeal; provided,
however, that if there is a Substantial Shareholder (as defined in this Article
VII), such action must also be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders
of not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of the outstanding shares of Voting
Stock held by the shareholders other than the Substantial Shareholder.

                                  ARTICLE VIII.

      The power to alter, amend or repeal the Corporation's bylaws, and to adopt
new bylaws, is hereby vested in the Board of Directors, subject, however, to
repeal or change by the affirmative vote of the holders of seventy-five percent
(75%) of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon.

                                   ARTICLE IX.

      The Corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by law,
any person who was, is, or is threatened to be made a named defendant or
respondent in any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative, or investigative, any
appeal in such action, suit, or proceeding, and any inquiry or investigation
that could lead to such an action, suit, or proceeding, by reason of the fact
that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or, while
such person was a director of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request
of the Corporation as a director, officer, partner, venturer, proprietor,
trustee, employee, agent, or similar functionary of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, sole proprietorship, trust, employee benefit plan,
or other enterprise, against judgments, penalties (including excise and similar
taxes), fines, settlements, and reasonable expenses (including attorney's fees)
actually incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit, or
proceeding. In addition to the foregoing, the Corporation shall, upon request of
any such person described above and to the fullest extent permitted by law, pay
or reimburse the reasonable expenses incurred by such person in any action,
suit, or proceeding described above in advance of the final disposition of such
action, suit, or proceeding.

                                   ARTICLE X.

      No director of the Corporation shall be personally liable to the
Corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for an act or omission in
such director's capacity as a director, except for liability for (i) a breach of
the director's duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its shareholders; (ii) an
act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a
knowing violation of the law; (iii) a transaction from which the director
received an improper benefit, whether or not the benefit resulted from an action
taken within the scope of the director's office; (iv) an act or omission for
which the liability of a director is expressly provided by statute; or (v) an
act related to an unlawful stock repurchase or payment of a dividend. If the
laws of the State of Texas or the Commonwealth of Virginia are hereafter amended
to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal
liability of a director of the Corporation, then the liability of a director of
the Corporation shall thereupon automatically be eliminated or limited to the
fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Texas and the Commonwealth
of Virginia. Any repeal or modification of this Article X by the shareholders of
the Corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director
existing at the time of such repeal or modification with respect to such events
or circumstances occurring or existing prior to such time.

                                       7<PAGE>
                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.2

                           AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
                                       OF
                            ATMOS ENERGY CORPORATION
                             (as of August 13, 2003)

                                 ----- *** -----

                                    ARTICLE I

                                     OFFICES

      1.01 Registered Office. The registered office in the State of Texas shall
be located in the City of Dallas, County of Dallas, State of Texas. The
registered office in the Commonwealth of Virginia shall be located in the City
of Richmond, Commonwealth of Virginia.

      1.02 Other Offices. The corporation also may have offices at such other
places both within and without the State of Texas or the Commonwealth of
Virginia as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or as the
business of the corporation may require.

                                   ARTICLE II

                            MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS

      2.01 Place of Meetings. All meetings of shareholders for the election of
directors or for any other proper purposes shall be held at such place within or
without the State of Texas or the Commonwealth of Virginia as the Board of
Directors may from time to time designate, as stated in the notice of such
meeting or a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.

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      2.02 Annual Meeting. An annual meeting of shareholders shall be held at
11:00 a.m. on the second Wednesday of February of each year commencing in 1989,
unless such day is a legal holiday, in which case such meeting shall be held at
the specified time on the next full business day thereafter which is not a legal
holiday, or on such day and at such time as shall be determined by the Board of
Directors. At such meeting the shareholders entitled to vote thereat shall elect
a Board of Directors and may transact such other business as may properly be
brought before the meeting.

      2.03 Special Meetings. Special meetings of shareholders may be called by
the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President, a majority of the Board
of Directors, or as otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, the
Texas Business Corporation Act, or the Virginia Stock Corporation Act.

      2.04 Notice of Annual or of Special Meeting. Written or printed notice
stating the place, day and hour of the meeting and, in case of a special
meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be
delivered not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date
of the meeting. However, notice of a meeting of shareholders to act upon an
amendment of the Articles of Incorporation, a plan of merger or share exchange,
a proposed sale of all or substantially all of the assets, or the dissolution of
the corporation shall be given not less than twenty-five (25) nor more than
sixty (60) days before the meeting date. Notice may be given either personally
or by mail, by or at the direction of the Chairman of the Board, President,
Secretary, or the officer or person calling the meeting to each shareholder of
record entitled to vote at such meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed
to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail, addressed to the
shareholder at his address as it appears on the stock transfer books of the
corporation, with postage thereon prepaid.

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      2.05 Notice of Shareholder Proposals. At any annual meeting, only such
business shall be conducted as shall have been brought before the annual meeting
by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or by any shareholder who
complies with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.05.

      Except as otherwise provided by the Articles of Incorporation, the only
business which shall be conducted at any annual meeting of the shareholders
shall (i) have been specified in the written notice of the meeting (or any
supplement thereto) given as provided in Section 2.04 of the Bylaws, (ii) be
brought before the meeting at the direction of the Board of Directors or the
Chairman of the meeting or (iii) have been specified in a written notice (a
"Shareholder Proposal Notice") given to the corporation, in accordance with all
of the following requirements, by or on behalf of any shareholder who shall have
been a shareholder of record on the record date for such meeting and who shall
continue to be entitled to vote thereat. Each Shareholder Proposal Notice must
be delivered or mailed by first class United States mail, postage prepaid, to
and received by, the Secretary of the corporation, at the principal executive
offices of the corporation, not less than sixty (60) days nor more than
eighty-five (85) days prior to the annual meeting; provided, however, that if
less than seventy-five (75) days' notice or prior public disclosure of the date
of the annual meeting is given or made to shareholders, notice by the
shareholder to be timely must be received by the Secretary of the corporation
not later than the close of business on the twenty-fifth (25th) day following
the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or
such public disclosure was made. To be included in the corporation's proxy
statement for mailing to all shareholders, a Shareholder Proposal Notice must be
delivered or mailed by first class United States mail, postage prepaid, to and

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received by, the Secretary of the corporation, at the principal executive
offices of the corporation, not less than one hundred twenty (120) days in
advance of the date of the corporation's release of its proxy statement to
shareholders in connection with the previous year's annual meeting of
shareholders.

      Each Shareholder Proposal Notice shall set forth: (i) a description of
each item of business proposed to be brought before the meeting; (ii) the name
and address of the shareholder proposing to bring such item of business before
the meeting; (iii) the class and number of shares of stock held of record, owned
beneficially and represented by proxy by such shareholder as of the record date
for the meeting (if such date shall then have been made publicly available) and
as of the date of such Shareholder Proposal Notice; and (iv) all other
information which would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission if, with respect to any such item of
business, such shareholder were a participant in a solicitation subject to
Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. No business shall be brought
before any meeting of shareholders of the corporation otherwise than as provided
in this paragraph or the Articles of Incorporation.

      2.06 Business at Special Meeting. The business transacted at any special
meeting of shareholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice
thereof.

      2.07 Quorum of Shareholders. Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of
Incorporation, the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote,
represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of
shareholders. If, however, a quorum shall not be present or represented at any
meeting of the shareholders, the shareholders present in person or represented
by proxy shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without
notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum

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shall be present or represented. If the date of the adjourned meeting is at
least one hundred twenty (120) days after the date of the original meeting,
notice of such adjourned meeting must be provided to shareholders as of the new
record date. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or
represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at
the meeting as originally notified.

      2.08 Act of Shareholders' Meeting. With respect to any matter, other than
a matter for which the affirmative vote of the holders of a specified portion of
the shares may be required by the Texas Business Corporation Act or the Virginia
Stock Corporation Act, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the
shares entitled to vote on a matter and represented in person or by proxy at a
meeting at which a quorum is present, shall be the act of the shareholders,
unless the vote of a greater number is required by law or the Articles of
Incorporation.

      2.09 Voting of Shares. Each outstanding share, regardless of class, shall
be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of
shareholders, except to the extent the voting rights of the shares of any class
are limited or denied by the Articles of Incorporation or are otherwise provided
by law. Cumulative voting in the election of directors or otherwise is expressly
prohibited by the Articles of Incorporation. At each election for directors,
every shareholder entitled to vote at such election shall have the right to
vote, in person or by proxy, the number of shares owned by him for as many
persons as there are directors to be elected and for whose election he has the
right to vote.

      2.10 Proxies. At any meeting of the shareholders, each shareholder having
the right to vote shall be entitled to vote either in person or by proxy
executed in writing by the shareholder or by his duly authorized
attorney-in-fact. Any such proxy shall be delivered to the secretary of such
meeting at or prior to the time designated by the chairman of the

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<PAGE>

meeting or in the order of business for so delivering such proxies. No proxy
shall be valid after eleven (11) months from the date of its execution unless
otherwise provided in the proxy. Each proxy shall be revocable unless expressly
provided therein to be irrevocable and unless otherwise made irrevocable by law.
Unless required by statute or determined by the chairman of the meeting to be
advisable, the vote on any question need not be by ballot. On a vote by ballot,
each ballot shall be signed by the shareholder voting or by such shareholder's
proxy, if there be such proxy.

      2.11 Voting List. The officer or agent having charge of the stock transfer
books for shares of the corporation shall make, at least ten (10) days before
each meeting of shareholders, a complete list of the shareholders entitled to
vote at such meeting or any adjournment thereof, arranged in alphabetical order,
with the address of and number of shares held by each shareholder, which list,
for a period of ten (10) days prior to such meeting, shall be kept on file at
the registered office of the corporation and shall be subject to the inspection
by any shareholder at any time during usual business hours. Such list shall also
be produced and kept open at the time and place of the meeting and shall be
subject to the inspection of any shareholder during the whole time of the
meeting. The original stock transfer books shall be prima facie evidence as to
who are the shareholders entitled to examine such list or transfer books or to
vote at any such meeting of shareholders.

      2.12 Order of Business. The order of business of each meeting of the
shareholders of the corporation shall be determined by the chairman of the
meeting. The chairman of the meeting shall have the right and authority to
prescribe such rules, regulations, and procedures and to do all such acts and
things as are necessary or desirable for the conduct of the meeting, including,
without limitation, the establishment of the procedures for

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the dismissal of business not properly presented, maintenance of order and
safety, limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments on the affairs
of the corporation, restrictions on entry to such meetings after the time
prescribed for commencement thereof, and the opening and closing of the voting
polls.

      2.13 Action by Written Consent without a Meeting. Any action required or
permitted by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws to be taken at a
meeting of the shareholders may be taken without a meeting if a consent in
writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by all of the shareholders
entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof. Such consent shall
have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of shareholders.

                                   ARTICLE III

                               BOARD OF DIRECTORS

      3.01 Powers. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed
under the direction of its Board of Directors which may exercise all such powers
of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law, the
Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws directed or required to be exercised
and done by the shareholders.

      3.02 Number of Directors. The number of directors of the corporation
constituting the Board of Directors shall be not less than three (3) or more
than fifteen (15). The number of directors shall be determined in accordance
with these Bylaws by resolution of the Board of Directors or of the
shareholders, but no decrease shall have the effect of shortening the term of
any incumbent director. Any change in the range for the size of the Board of
Directors or a change from a variable-range to a fixed size Board or vice versa
may be effected following shareholder approval.

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      3.03 Election and Term. The directors shall be divided into three classes,
designated Class I, Class II and Class III. Each class shall consist, as nearly
as may be possible, of one-third of the total number of directors constituting
the entire Board of Directors. At the 1989 annual meeting of shareholders, Class
I directors shall be elected for a one-year term, Class II directors for a
two-year term and Class III directors for a three-year term. At each succeeding
annual meeting of shareholders beginning in 1990, successors to the class of
directors whose term expires at that annual meeting shall be elected for a
three-year term. Directors shall be elected by a majority vote of the
outstanding shares entitled to vote in the election of directors and represented
in person or by proxy at a meeting of shareholders at which a quorum is present.
If the number of directors is changed, any increase or decrease shall be
apportioned among the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each
class as nearly equal as possible, and any additional director of any class
elected to fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in such class shall hold
office for a term that shall coincide with the remaining term of that class, but
in no case will a decrease in the number of directors shorten the term of any
incumbent director. A director shall hold office until the annual meeting for
the year in which his term expires and until his successor shall be elected and
shall qualify, subject, however, to prior death, resignation, retirement,
disqualification or removal from office.

      3.04 Nominations of Directors. Nominations for election to the Board of
Directors of the corporation at a meeting of shareholders may be made by the
Board of Directors, or by any shareholder of the corporation entitled to vote
for the election of directors at such meeting. Such nominations, other than
those made by the Board of Directors, shall be made by notice in writing
delivered or mailed by first class United States mail, postage prepaid, to and
received by the Secretary of the corporation, at the principal executive

                                       8
<PAGE>

offices of the corporation, not less than sixty (60) days nor more than
eighty-five (85) days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the
election of directors; provided, however, that if less than seventy-five (75)
days' notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting is
given or made to shareholders, such nomination shall have been received by the
Secretary of the corporation not later than the close of business on the
twenty-fifth (25th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of
the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was made. Such notice
shall set forth: (i) the name and address of the shareholder who intends to make
the nomination and of the person or persons to be nominated; (ii) the class and
number of shares of stock held of record, owned beneficially and represented by
proxy by such shareholder as of the record date for the meeting (if such date
shall then have been made publicly available) and of the date of such notice;
(iii) a representation that the shareholder is a holder of record of stock of
the corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and that the shareholder
intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or
persons specified in the notice; (iv) a description of all arrangements or
understandings between such shareholder and each nominee and any other person or
persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or
nominations are to be made by such shareholder; (v) such other information
regarding each nominee proposed by such shareholder as would be required to be
disclosed in solicitations for proxies for election of directors pursuant to the
proxy rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission; and (vi) the consent of
each nominee to serve as a director of the corporation if so elected. The
presiding officer of the meeting may refuse to acknowledge the nomination of any
person not made in compliance with the foregoing procedure.

                                       9
<PAGE>

      3.05 Vacancies. Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors may be
filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors although
less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. The term of office of a director
elected to fill a vacancy shall continue only until the next succeeding election
of one or more directors by the shareholders. Any directorship to be filled by
reason of an increase in the number of directors may be filled by election at an
annual meeting or special meeting of shareholders called for that purpose or may
be filled by the Board of Directors for a term of office continuing only until
the next election of one or more directors by the shareholders; provided,
however, that the Board of Directors may not fill more than two such
directorships during the period between any two successive annual meetings of
shareholders.

      3.06 Resignation and Removal. Any director may resign at any time upon
giving written notice to the Board of Directors, Chairman of the Board,
President or Secretary of the corporation. No director shall be removed during
his term of office except for cause and by the affirmative vote of the holders
of seventy-five percent (75%) of the shares then entitled to vote at an election
of directors. A director may be removed by the shareholders only at a meeting
called for the purpose of removing him. The notice for such a meeting shall
state that the purpose, or one of the purposes of the meeting, is the removal of
the director.

      3.07 Compensation of Directors. As specifically prescribed from time to
time by resolution of the Board of Directors, the directors of the corporation
may be paid their expenses of attendance at each meeting of the Board and may be
paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board or a stated salary
in their capacity as directors. This provision shall not preclude any director
from serving the corporation in any other

                                       10
<PAGE>

capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing
committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.

                                   ARTICLE IV

                              MEETINGS OF THE BOARD

      4.01 First Meeting. The first meeting of each newly elected Board of
Directors shall be held without further notice immediately following and at the
same place as the annual meeting of shareholders unless, by unanimous consent of
the directors then elected and serving, such time or place shall be changed.

      4.02 Regular Meeting. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be
held with or without notice at such time and at such place either within or
without the State of Texas or the Commonwealth of Virginia as from time to time
shall be prescribed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

      4.03 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be
called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President, and shall be
called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary
on the written request of two directors. Written notice of special meetings of
the Board of Directors shall be given to each director at least twenty-four (24)
hours before the time of the meeting.

      4.04 Business at Regular or Special Meeting. Neither the business to be
transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the Board
of Directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such
meeting.

      4.05 Quorum of Directors. A majority of the Board of Directors shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, unless a greater number is
required by law or the Articles of Incorporation. If a quorum shall not be
present at any meeting of the Board of

                                       11
<PAGE>

Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to
time, without notice other than announcement of the meeting, until a quorum
shall be present.

      4.06 Act of Directors' Meeting. The act of a majority of the directors
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board
of Directors unless the act of a greater number is required by law, the Articles
of Incorporation, or these Bylaws.

      4.07 Action by Written Consent without a Meeting. Any action required or
permitted by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws to be taken at a
meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken without
a meeting if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed
by all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be. Such
consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote at such
meeting. Action by written consent is effective when the last director signs the
consent unless the consent specifies a different effective date, in which event
the action taken is effective as of the date specified therein, provided the
consent states the date of execution of each director.

                                    ARTICLE V

                                   COMMITTEES

      The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the full
Board of Directors, may designate from among its members an executive committee
and one or more other committees, each of which shall be comprised of two or
more members and, to the extent provided in such resolution or in the Articles
of Incorporation or in these Bylaws, shall have and may exercise all of the
authority of the Board of Directors, except that no such committee shall have
the authority of the Board of Directors in reference to (i) amending the
Articles of Incorporation, (ii) proposing to the shareholders a reduction in the
stated capital of the corporation, (iii) approving a plan of merger, share
exchange or conversion of

                                       12
<PAGE>

the corporation, (iv) recommending to the shareholders the sale, lease, or
exchange of all or substantially all of the property and assets of the
corporation otherwise than in the usual and regular course of its business, (v)
recommending to the shareholders a voluntary dissolution of the corporation or a
revocation thereof, (vi) amending, altering, or repealing the Bylaws of the
corporation or adopting new Bylaws for the corporation, filling vacancies in the
Board of Directors or filling vacancies in or designating alternate members of
any committee, (vii) filling any directorship to be filled by reason of an
increase in the number of directors, (viii) electing or removing officers,
members of the Board of Directors or members of any committee, (ix) fixing the
compensation of any member of a committee, (x) altering or repealing any
resolution of the Board of Directors which by its terms provides that it shall
not be so amendable or repealable or (xi) approving, authorizing or recommending
to shareholders any other action that the Virginia Stock Corporation Act
requires to be approved by shareholders. No committee shall have the power or
authority to declare a dividend, authorize or approve any other type of
distribution to shareholders, or to authorize the issuance, sale or contract for
sale of shares of the corporation. The Board of Directors shall fill vacancies
in the membership of each committee at a regular or special meeting of the
Board. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings and report
the same to the Board when required. The designation of each such committee and
the delegation thereto of authority shall not operate to relieve the Board of
Directors, or any member thereof, of any responsibility imposed upon it or him
by law.

                                   ARTICLE VI

                                     NOTICES

      6.01 Methods of Giving Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given
to any shareholder or director under the provisions of any statute, the Articles
of Incorporation or

                                       13
<PAGE>

these Bylaws, it shall be given in writing and delivered personally or mailed to
such shareholder or director at such address as appears on the books of the
corporation, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the
same shall be deposited in the United States mail with sufficient postage
thereon prepaid. Notice to directors may also be given by telegram or electronic
communication including facsimile transmission, and notice given by such means
shall be deemed given at the time it is delivered to the telegraph office or
transmitted by means of electronic communication.

      6.02 Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given to any
shareholder or director under the provisions of any law, the Articles of
Incorporation or these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the person
or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated
therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice.

      6.03 Attendance as Waiver. Attendance of a director at or participation in
a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice such meeting, unless such director
at the beginning of the meeting or promptly upon his arrival, objects to holding
the meeting or to the transaction of any business at such meeting and who does
not thereafter vote for or assent to action taken at the meeting. Attendance of
a shareholder at a meeting of shareholders shall constitute a waiver of
objection to lack of notice or defective notice of such meeting, unless such
shareholder at the beginning of the meeting objects to holding the meeting or to
transacting business at such meeting.

                                       14
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE VII

                       ACTION WITHOUT A MEETING BY USE OF

                              CONFERENCE TELEPHONE

                       OR SIMILAR COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT

      Subject to the provisions requiring or permitting notice of meeting,
unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws,
shareholders, members of the Board of Directors or members of any committee
designated by such Board may participate in and hold a meeting of such
shareholders, Board or committee by means of conference telephone or similar
communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the
meeting can hear each other, and participation in such a meeting shall
constitute presence in person at such meeting, except where a person
participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the
transaction of any business, and in the case of a director, who does not
thereafter vote for or assent to action taken at the meeting.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                                    OFFICERS

      8.01 Executive Officers. The officers of the corporation shall consist of
a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, and may
also include the Chairman of the Board if so designated as an officer by the
Board of Directors and such other officers as are provided for in Section 8.03
of this Article. Any Vice President of the corporation may, by the addition of a
number or a word or words before or after the title "Vice President", be
designated "Senior Executive", "Executive", "Senior", "Trust", "Second" or
"Assistant" Vice President. Each officer of the corporation shall be elected or

                                       15
<PAGE>

appointed by the Board of Directors as provided in Sections 8.02 and 8.03 of
this Article. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.

      8.02 Election and Qualification. The Board of Directors, at its first
meeting after each annual meeting of shareholders, shall choose a President, one
or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, none of whom need be a
member of the Board.

      8.03 Other Officers and Agents. In addition to the officers enumerated in
Section 8.01 of this Article VIII, the corporation may have one or more
Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers and such other subordinate
officers, agents and employees as the Board of Directors may deem necessary,
each of whom shall hold office for such period as the Board of Directors may
from time to time determine. The Board of Directors may delegate to any officer
described in Section 8.01, the power to appoint and to remove any such
subordinate officers, agents or employees. Such subordinate officers, agents and
employees shall not be entitled to participate in any employee benefit plans of
the corporation or to receive any other types of benefits reserved for officers
of the corporation.

      8.04 Compensation. The compensation of all officers and agents of the
corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

      8.05 Term, Removal and Vacancies. Each officer of the corporation shall
hold office until his successor is chosen and qualified or until his death,
resignation or removal. Any officer may resign at any time upon giving written
notice to the corporation which resignation will not affect the corporation's
contract rights, if any, with such officer. Any officer or agent or member of a
committee elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed by the
Board of Directors whenever in its judgment the best interest of the corporation
will be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to such
removed person's contract rights, if any, with the corporation. Election or
appointment of an officer

                                       16
<PAGE>

or agent or member of a committee shall not of itself create contract rights.
Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation by death, resignation,
removal or otherwise shall be filled by the Board of Directors.

      8.06 Chief Executive Officer. In the event such positions are held by
different individuals, the Board of Directors shall designate whether the
Chairman of the Board or the President shall be the chief executive officer of
the corporation. The chief executive officer shall have all of the powers and
duties as usually pertain to such position, including the power to make and sign
contracts and agreements in the name of and on behalf of the corporation and all
other powers and duties granted by these Bylaws to the President of the
corporation. In the event the Chairman of the Board is designated the chief
executive officer of the corporation, the Chairman of the Board shall have
supervisory powers over the President, all other officers of the corporation,
and the business activities of the corporation.

      8.07 President. The President shall be the chief operating officer of the
corporation and shall have such powers and duties as usually pertain to such
office, except as the same may be modified by the Board of Directors. The
President shall have general powers of oversight, supervision and management of
the business and affairs of the corporation, shall see that all orders and
resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect, and shall have
the power to make and sign contracts and agreements in the name and on behalf of
the corporation and to do or perform all other acts incident to the office of
President or that are authorized or required by law. In the event that different
persons hold such positions, the President shall preside at meetings of the
shareholders in the absence of the Chairman of the Board. If the President is
also a member of the Board, he shall be ex-officio a member of all committees of
the Board and shall preside, in the absence of the

                                       17
<PAGE>

Chairman of the Board, at meetings of the Board, if the President is not also
serving as the Chairman of the Board at that time.

      8.08 Vice President. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of
Directors, one of the Vice Presidents shall, in the absence or disability of the
President, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the President. The
various Vice Presidents shall perform such other duties and have such other
powers as the Board of Directors shall prescribe.

      8.09 Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of
Directors and of the shareholders, record all the proceedings of the meetings of
the Board of Directors and of the shareholders in a book to be kept for that
purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing committees when required.
He shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the shareholders
as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, Chairman of the Board, or the
President. He shall keep in safe custody the seal of the corporation, and, when
authorized by the Board of Directors, affix the same to any instrument requiring
it, and, when so affixed, it shall be attested by his signature or by the
signature of the Treasurer or an Assistant Secretary.

      8.10 Assistant Secretaries. An Assistant Secretary, unless otherwise
determined by the Board of Directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the
Secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary. They
shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of
Directors may from time to time prescribe.

      8.11 Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate
funds and securities, shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and
disbursements in books belonging to the corporation and shall deposit all moneys
and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the corporation in
such depositories as may be designated by the

                                       18
<PAGE>

Board of Directors. He shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be
ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such
disbursements, and shall render to the Chairman of the Board (if he is the chief
executive officer), President, and the Board of Directors at its regular
meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all his
transactions as Treasurer, and of the financial condition of the corporation.

      8.12 Assistant Treasurers. An Assistant Treasurer, unless otherwise
determined by the Board of Directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the
Treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer. They
shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of
Directors from time to time may prescribe.

      8.13 Officer's Bond. If required by the Board of Directors, any officer so
required shall give the corporation a bond (which shall be renewed as the Board
may require) in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be
satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the
duties of his office and for the restoration to the corporation, in case of his
death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of any and all books,
papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or
under his control belonging to the corporation.

                                   ARTICLE IX

                    INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

      Subject to any limitation which may be contained in the Articles of
Incorporation, the corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted
by law, any person who was, is, or is threatened to be made a named defendant or
respondent in any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative, or investigative, any
appeal in such action, suit, or proceeding, and any inquiry or investigation
that could lead to such an action, suit or proceeding, by reason of the fact
that such

                                       19
<PAGE>

person is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or, such person who,
while a director or officer of the corporation, is or was serving at the request
of the corporation as a director, officer, partner, venturer, proprietor,
trustee, employee, agent, or similar functionary of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, sole proprietorship, trust, employee benefit plan,
or other enterprise, against judgments, penalties (including excise and similar
taxes), fines, settlements, and reasonable expenses (including attorney's fees)
actually incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit, or
proceeding. In addition to the foregoing, the corporation shall, upon request of
any such person described above and to the fullest extent permitted by law, pay
or reimburse the reasonable expenses incurred by such person in any action,
suit, or proceeding described above in advance of the final disposition of such
action, suit, or proceeding.

                                    ARTICLE X

                             CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES

      10.01 Certificates Representing Shares. Unless the Articles of
Incorporation or these Bylaws provides otherwise, the Board of Directors may
provide by resolution the issue of some or all of the shares of any or all of
its classes or series with or without certificates, provided that such
resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such
certificate is surrendered to the corporation. Unless the Texas Business
Corporation Act or the Virginia Stock Corporation Act provides otherwise, there
shall be no differences in the rights and obligations of shareholders based on
whether or not their shares are represented by certificates. In the event that
the Board of Directors authorizes shares with certificates, the corporation
shall deliver certificates representing all shares to which shareholders are
entitled. Such certificates shall be numbered and shall be entered in the books
of the corporation as they are issued, and shall be signed by the Chairman of
the

                                       20
<PAGE>

Board, President or a Vice President, and the Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary of the corporation, and may be sealed with the seal of the corporation
or a facsimile thereof. The signatures of the Chairman of the Board, President,
or Vice President, and the Secretary or Assistant Secretary, upon a certificate
may be facsimiles, if the certificate is countersigned by a transfer agent or
registered by a registrar, which may also be facsimiles, either of which is
other than the corporation itself or an employee of the corporation. In case any
officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon such
certificate shall have ceased to be such officer before such certificate is
issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if he were
such officer at the date of its issuance. If the corporation is authorized to
issue shares of more than one class, each certificate representing shares issued
by the corporation (1) shall conspicuously set forth on the face or back of the
certificate a full statement of (a) all of the designations, preferences,
limitations and relative rights of the shares of each class authorized to be
issued and, (b) if the corporation is authorized to issue shares of any
preferred or special class in series, the variations in the relative rights and
preferences of the shares of each such series to the extent the same have been
fixed and determined and the authority of the Board of Directors to fix and
determine the relative rights and preferences of subsequent series; or (2) shall
conspicuously state on the face or back of the certificate that (a) such a
statement is set forth in the Articles of Incorporation on file in the office of
the Secretary of State of Texas and the State Corporation Commission of Virginia
and (b) the corporation will furnish a copy of such statement to the record
holder of the certificate without charge on written request to the corporation
at its principal place of business or registered office. If the corporation has
by its Articles of Incorporation limited or denied the preemptive right of
shareholders to acquire unissued or treasury shares of the corporation, each
certificate representing shares

                                       21
<PAGE>

issued by such corporation (1) shall conspicuously set forth on the face or back
of the certificate a full statement of the limitation or denial of preemptive
rights contained in the Articles of Incorporation, or (2) shall conspicuously
state on the face or back of the certificate that (a) such a statement is set
forth in the Articles of Incorporation on file in the office of the Secretary of
State of Texas and the State Corporation Commission of Virginia and (b) the
corporation will furnish a copy of such statement to the record holder of the
certificate without charge on request to the corporation at its principal place
of business or registered office. Each certificate representing shares shall
state upon the face thereof that the corporation is organized under the laws of
the State of Texas and the Commonwealth of Virginia, the name of the person to
whom issued, the number and class of shares and the designation of the series,
if any, which such certificate represents and the par value of each share
represented by such certificate or a statement that the shares are without par
value. No certificate shall be issued for any share until the consideration
thereof, fixed as provided by law, has been fully paid.

      10.02 Restrictions on Transfer of Shares. If any restriction on the
transfer, or registration of the transfer, of shares shall be imposed or agreed
to by the corporation, as permitted by law, the Articles of Incorporation or
these Bylaws, each certificate representing shares so restricted (1) shall
conspicuously set forth a full or summary statement of the restrictions on the
face of the certificate, or (2) shall set forth such statement on the back of
the certificate and conspicuously refer to the same on the face of the
certificate, or (3) shall conspicuously state on the face or back of the
certificate that such restrictions exist pursuant to a specified document and
(a) that the corporation will furnish to the record holder of the certificate
without charge upon written request to the corporation at its principal place of
business or registered office a copy of the specified document, or (b) if such
document

                                       22
<PAGE>

is one required or permitted to be and has been filed under applicable law, that
such specified document is on file in the Office of the Secretary of State of
Texas or the State Corporation Commission of Virginia and contains a full
statement of such restrictions. Unless such document was on file in the Office
of the Secretary of State of Texas or the State Corporation Commission of
Virginia at the time of the request, as required by applicable law, if the
corporation fails within a reasonable time to furnish the record holder of a
certificate, upon such request and without charge, a copy of the specified
document, the corporation shall not be permitted thereafter to enforce its
rights under the restrictions imposed on the shares represented by such
certificate. Any restriction on the transfer, or registration of transfer, of
shares of the corporation, if reasonable and noted conspicuously on the
certificates representing such shares, may be enforced against the holder of the
restricted shares or any successor or transferee of the holder, including an
executor, administrator, trustee, guardian, or other fiduciary entrusted with
like responsibility for the person or estate of the holder. Unless noted
conspicuously on the certificates representing such shares, a restriction, even
though otherwise enforceable, is ineffective except against a person with actual
knowledge of the restriction.

      10.03 Transfer of Shares. Upon surrender to the corporation or the
transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or
accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to
transfer, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to
the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate, and record the
transaction upon its books.

      10.04 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The Board of Directors may
direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any
certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to
have been lost, stolen or destroyed upon the

                                       23
<PAGE>

making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of
stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new
certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors, in its discretion and as a
condition precedent to the issuance thereof, owner of such lost, stolen or
destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to advertise
the same in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the corporation a
bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be
made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have
been lost, stolen or destroyed.

      10.05 Closing of Transfer Books and Fixing Record Date. For the purpose of
determining shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of
shareholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any
dividend, or in order to make a determination of shareholders for any other
proper purpose, the Board of Directors may provide that the stock transfer books
shall be closed for a stated period but not to exceed, in any case, sixty (60)
days. If the stock transfer books shall be closed for the purpose of determining
shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders, such
books shall be closed for at least ten (10) days immediately preceding such
meeting or such longer period as may be required by law. In lieu of closing the
stock transfer books, the Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as the
record date for any such determination of shareholders, such date in any case to
be not more than sixty (60) days and, in case of a meeting of shareholders, not
less than ten (10) days prior to the date on which the particular action
requiring such determination of shareholders is to be taken, except with respect
to a meeting of shareholders at which the shareholders will be asked to act on
an amendment of the Articles of Incorporation, a plan of merger or share
exchange, a proposed sale of all or substantially all of the assets or the
dissolution of the

                                       24
<PAGE>

corporation, not less than twenty-five (25) days prior to the date on which the
particular action requiring such determination of shareholders is to be taken.
If the stock transfer books are not closed and no record date is fixed for the
determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
shareholders, or shareholders entitled to receive payment of a dividend, the
date prior to the day notice of the meeting is mailed or the date on which the
resolution of the Board of Directors declaring such dividend is adopted,
respectively, shall be the record date for such determination of shareholders.
When a determination of shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting of
shareholders has been made as provided in this Section 10.05, such determination
shall apply to any adjournment thereof, except where the determination has been
made through the closing of stock transfer books and the stated period of
closing has expired. However, if a meeting is adjourned to a date which is at
least one hundred twenty (120) days after the date fixed for the original
meeting, the Board of Directors shall fix a new record date and provide notice
of such to shareholders.

      10.06 Registered Shareholders. The corporation shall be entitled to
recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner
of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not be
bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or
shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or
other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of
Texas and the Commonwealth of Virginia.

                                   ARTICLE XI

                               GENERAL PROVISIONS

      11.01 Dividends. The Board of Directors from time to time may declare, and
the corporation may pay, dividends on its outstanding shares in cash, in
property, or in its own

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<PAGE>

shares, except if (i) after giving effect to the distribution, the corporation
would be insolvent, (ii) the distribution would exceed the surplus of the
corporation, (iii) the payment thereof would cause the corporation's total
assets to be less than the sum of its total liabilities based on the application
of accounting practices and principles that are reasonable under the
circumstances, (iv) the payment thereof would cause the corporation to be unable
to pay its debts as they become due in the usual course of business, or (v) the
declaration or payment thereof would be contrary to any restrictions contained
in the Articles of Incorporation. The corporation may make a distribution of its
own shares to shareholders, as allowed by applicable law. Such dividends may be
declared at any regular or special meeting of the Board, and the declaration and
payment thereof shall be subject to all applicable provisions of law, the
Articles of Incorporation and these Bylaws.

      11.02 Reserves. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out
of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the
directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, deem proper as a
reserve fund to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for
repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other
purpose as the directors shall deem conducive to the interest of the
corporation, and the directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the
manner in which it was created.

      11.03 Reports. The Board of Directors shall, when requested by the holders
of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of the corporation, present
full and clear written reports, not more often than quarterly, of the amount of
business and the financial condition of the corporation.

                                       26
<PAGE>

      11.04 Checks. All checks or demands for money and notes of the corporation
shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as
the Board of Directors from time to time may designate.

      11.05 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by
resolution of the Board of Directors.

      11.06 Seal. The corporation may have a corporate seal and, if the Board of
Directors adopts a corporate seal, the corporate seal shall have inscribed
thereon the name of the corporation and may be used by causing it or a facsimile
thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.

      11.07 Opt-out of Certain Provisions of Virginia Law. The provisions of
Sections 13.1-728.1 through 13.1-728.9, "Control Share Acquisitions", of the
Virginia Stock Corporation Act shall not apply to the corporation or to
acquisitions of common stock of the corporation.

                                   ARTICLE XII

                                   AMENDMENTS

      The initial Bylaws of the corporation shall be adopted by the Board of
Directors. The power to alter, amend, or repeal the Bylaws or adopt new Bylaws,
subject to repeal or change by action of the shareholders, is vested in the
Board of Directors. Thus, these Bylaws may be altered, amended, or repealed or
new Bylaws may be adopted at any regular or special meeting of the Board of
Directors by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors,
subject to repeal or change at any regular or special meeting of shareholders at
which a quorum is present or represented by the affirmative vote of seventy-five
percent (75%) of the shares entitled to vote at such meeting and present or
represented thereat provided notice of the proposed repeal or change is
contained in the notice of such

                                       27
<PAGE>

meeting of shareholders. The Bylaws may contain any provision for the regulation
and management of the affairs of the corporation not inconsistent with
applicable law or the Articles of Incorporation.

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