Document:

Exhibit 4.3

	
 
    

 

NRG Yield, Inc.

 

INDENTURE

 

Dated as of                                    ,

 

 

Law Debenture Trust Company of New York,
 as Trustee

	
 
    

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

	
 
    	
Page
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY   REFERENCE
    	
5
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 1.1
    	
Definitions
    	
5
    
	
Section 1.2
    	
Other   Definitions
    	
11
    
	
Section 1.3
    	
Incorporation   by Reference of Trust Indenture Act
    	
11
    
	
Section 1.4
    	
Rules of   Construction
    	
11
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE II. THE SECURITIES
    	
12
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 2.1
    	
Issuable   in Series
    	
12
    
	
Section 2.2
    	
Establishment   of Terms of Series of Securities
    	
12
    
	
Section 2.3
    	
Execution   and Authentication
    	
14
    
	
Section 2.4
    	
Registrar   and Paying Agent
    	
15
    
	
Section 2.5
    	
Paying   Agent to Hold Money in Trust
    	
16
    
	
Section 2.6
    	
Securityholder   Lists
    	
16
    
	
Section 2.7
    	
Transfer   and Exchange
    	
17
    
	
Section 2.8
    	
Mutilated,   Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities
    	
17
    
	
Section 2.9
    	
Outstanding   Securities
    	
18
    
	
Section 2.10
    	
Treasury   Securities
    	
19
    
	
Section 2.11
    	
Temporary   Securities
    	
19
    
	
Section 2.12
    	
Cancellation
    	
19
    
	
Section 2.13
    	
Defaulted   Interest
    	
19
    
	
Section 2.14
    	
Global   Securities
    	
20
    
	
Section 2.15
    	
CUSIP   Numbers
    	
21
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE III. REDEMPTION
    	
21
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 3.1
    	
Notice   to Trustee
    	
21
    
	
Section 3.2
    	
Selection   of Securities to be Redeemed or Repurchased
    	
22
    
	
Section 3.3
    	
Notice   of Redemption
    	
22
    
	
Section 3.4
    	
Effect   of Notice of Redemption
    	
23
    
	
Section 3.5
    	
Deposit   of Redemption Price
    	
23
    
	
Section 3.6
    	
Securities   Redeemed in Part
    	
23
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE IV. COVENANTS
    	
23
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 4.1
    	
Payment   of Principal and Interest
    	
23
    
	
Section 4.2
    	
Maintenance   of Office or Agency
    	
24
    
	
Section 4.3
    	
Reports
    	
24
    
	
Section 4.4
    	
Compliance   Certificate
    	
24
    
	
Section 4.5
    	
Taxes
    	
25
    
	
Section 4.6
    	
Stay,   Extension and Usury Laws
    	
25
    
	
Section 4.7
    	
Corporate   Existence
    	
25
    

 

i

 

	
ARTICLE V. SUCCESSORS
    	
26
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 5.1
    	
Merger,   Consolidation, or Sale of Assets
    	
26
    
	
Section 5.2
    	
Successor   Corporation Substituted
    	
27
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE VI. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
    	
27
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 6.1
    	
Events   of Default
    	
27
    
	
Section 6.2
    	
Acceleration
    	
28
    
	
Section 6.3
    	
Other   Remedies
    	
29
    
	
Section 6.4
    	
Waiver   of Past Defaults
    	
29
    
	
Section 6.5
    	
Control   by Majority
    	
29
    
	
Section 6.6
    	
Limitation   on Suits
    	
29
    
	
Section 6.7
    	
Rights   of Holders of Security to Receive Payment
    	
30
    
	
Section 6.8
    	
Collection   Suit by Trustee
    	
30
    
	
Section 6.9
    	
Trustee   May File Proofs of Claim
    	
30
    
	
Section 6.10
    	
Priorities
    	
31
    
	
Section 6.11
    	
Undertaking   for Costs
    	
31
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE VII. TRUSTEE
    	
32
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 7.1
    	
Duties   of Trustee
    	
32
    
	
Section 7.2
    	
Rights   of Trustee
    	
33
    
	
Section 7.3
    	
Individual   Rights of Trustee
    	
35
    
	
Section 7.4
    	
Trustee’s   Disclaimer
    	
35
    
	
Section 7.5
    	
Notice   of Defaults
    	
35
    
	
Section 7.6
    	
Reports   by Trustee to Holders
    	
35
    
	
Section 7.7
    	
Compensation   and Indemnity
    	
36
    
	
Section 7.8
    	
Replacement   of Trustee
    	
36
    
	
Section 7.9
    	
Successor   Trustee by Merger, etc.
    	
37
    
	
Section 7.10
    	
Eligibility;   Disqualification
    	
38
    
	
Section 7.11
    	
Preferential   Collection of Claims Against Company
    	
38
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE VIII. LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT   DEFEASANCE
    	
38
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 8.1
    	
Option   to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance
    	
38
    
	
Section 8.2
    	
Legal   Defeasance and Discharge
    	
38
    
	
Section 8.3
    	
Covenant   Defeasance
    	
39
    
	
Section 8.4
    	
Conditions   to Legal or Covenant Defeasance
    	
39
    
	
Section 8.5
    	
Deposited   Money and Government Securities to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous   Provisions
    	
40
    
	
Section 8.6
    	
Repayment   to Company
    	
41
    
	
Section 8.7
    	
Reinstatement
    	
41
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE IX. AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
    	
42
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 9.1
    	
Without   Consent of Holders
    	
42
    
	
Section 9.2
    	
With   Consent of Holders
    	
43
    

 

ii

 

	
Section 9.3
    	
Limitations
    	
43
    
	
Section 9.4
    	
Compliance   with Trust Indenture Act
    	
44
    
	
Section 9.5
    	
Revocation   and Effect of Consents
    	
44
    
	
Section 9.6
    	
Notation   on or Exchange of Securities
    	
44
    
	
Section 9.7
    	
Trustee   Protected
    	
45
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE X. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
    	
45
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 10.1
    	
Satisfaction   and Discharge
    	
45
    
	
Section 10.2
    	
Application   of Trust Money
    	
46
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE XI. MISCELLANEOUS
    	
46
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 11.1
    	
Trust   Indenture Act Controls
    	
46
    
	
Section 11.2
    	
Notices
    	
46
    
	
Section 11.3
    	
Communication   by Holders with Other Holders
    	
47
    
	
Section 11.4
    	
Certificate   and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent
    	
47
    
	
Section 11.5
    	
Statements   Required in Certificate or Opinion
    	
48
    
	
Section 11.6
    	
Rules by   Trustee and Agents
    	
48
    
	
Section 11.7
    	
Legal   Holidays
    	
48
    
	
Section 11.8
    	
No   Recourse Against Others
    	
48
    
	
Section 11.9
    	
Counterparts
    	
48
    
	
Section 11.10
    	
Governing Laws
    	
49
    
	
Section 11.11
    	
No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements
    	
49
    
	
Section 11.12
    	
Successors
    	
49
    
	
Section 11.13
    	
Severability
    	
49
    
	
Section 11.14
    	
Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.
    	
49
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
ARTICLE XII. SINKING FUNDS
    	
49
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
Section 12.1
    	
Applicability   of Article
    	
49
    
	
Section 12.2
    	
Satisfaction   of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities
    	
50
    
	
Section 12.3
    	
Redemption   of Securities for Sinking Fund
    	
50
    
	
Section 12.4
    	
Compliance   with Applicable Anti-Terrorism and Anti-Money Laundering Regulations
    	
51
    

 

iii

 

NRG YIELD, INC.

 

Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and
 Indenture, dated as of                                  ,

 

	
§310(a)(1)
    	
 
    	
7.10
    
	
(a)(2)
    	
 
    	
7.10
    
	
(a)(3)
    	
 
    	
Not   Applicable
    
	
(a)(4)
    	
 
    	
Not   Applicable
    
	
(a)(5)
    	
 
    	
7.10
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
7.10
    
	
§ 311(a)
    	
 
    	
7.11
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
7.11
    
	
§ 312(a)
    	
 
    	
2.6
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
Not   Applicable
    
	
(c)
    	
 
    	
Not   Applicable
    
	
§313(a)
    	
 
    	
7.6
    
	
(b)(1)
    	
 
    	
7.6
    
	
(b)(2)
    	
 
    	
7.6
    
	
(c)(1)
    	
 
    	
7.6
    
	
(d)
    	
 
    	
7.6
    
	
§ 314(a)
    	
 
    	
4.3,   11.5
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
Not   Applicable
    
	
(c)(1)
    	
 
    	
11.4
    
	
(c)(2)
    	
 
    	
11.4
    
	
(c)(3)
    	
 
    	
Not   Applicable
    
	
(d)
    	
 
    	
Not   Applicable
    
	
(e)
    	
 
    	
11.5
    
	
(f)
    	
 
    	
Not   Applicable
    
	
§ 315(a)
    	
 
    	
7.1
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
7.5
    
	
(c)
    	
 
    	
7.1
    
	
(d)
    	
 
    	
7.1
    
	
(e)
    	
 
    	
6.11
    
	
§316(a)
    	
 
    	
2.10
    
	
(a)(1)(A)
    	
 
    	
6.5
    
	
(a)(1)(B)
    	
 
    	
6.4
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
9.3
    
	
§317(a)(1)
    	
 
    	
6.8
    
	
(a)(2)
    	
 
    	
6.9
    
	
(b)
    	
 
    	
2.5
    
	
§ 318(a)
    	
 
    	
11.1
    

 

Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.

 

iv

 

Indenture, dated as of                                            ,           , between NRG Yield, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Company”), and Law Debenture Trust Company of New York, as trustee (“Trustee”).

 

Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.

 

ARTICLE I.
 DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

 

Section 1.1                                    Definitions.

 

“Additional Amounts” means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are owing to such Holders.

 

“Affiliate” of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified person. For purposes of this definition, “control”, as used with respect to any person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise; provided that beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the Voting Stock of a Person will be deemed to be control. For purposes of this definition, the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with” have correlative meanings.

 

“Agent” means any Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent.

 

“Attributable Debt” in respect of a sale and leaseback transaction means, at the time of determination, the present value of the obligation of the lessee for net rental payments during the remaining term of the lease included in such sale and leaseback transaction including any period for which such lease has been extended or may, at the option of the lessor, be extended. Such present value shall be calculated using a discount rate equal to the rate of interest implicit in such transaction, determined in accordance with GAAP; provided, however, that if such sale and leaseback transaction results in a Capital Lease Obligation, the amount of Indebtedness represented thereby will be determined in accordance with the definition of “Capital Lease Obligation.”

 

“Board of Directors” means:

 

(1)                                 with respect to a corporation, the board of directors of the corporation or any committee thereof duly authorized to act on behalf of such board;

 

(2)                                 with respect to a partnership, the Board of Directors of the general partner of the partnership;

 

(3)                                 with respect to a limited liability company, the managing member or members or any controlling committee of managing members thereof; and

 

5

 

(4)                                 with respect to any other person, the board or committee of such person serving a similar function.

 

“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee.

 

“Business Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close and any other day expressly provided for as a “Business Day” in a Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series.

 

“Capital Lease Obligation” means, at the time any determination is to be made, the amount of the liability in respect of a capital lease that would at that time be required to be capitalized on a balance sheet in accordance with GAAP, and the Stated Maturity thereof shall be the date of the last payment of rent or any other amount due under such lease prior to the first date upon which such lease may be prepaid by the lessee without payment of a penalty.

 

“Capital Stock” means:

 

(1)                                 in the case of a corporation, corporate stock;

 

(2)                                 in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock;

 

(3)                                 in the case of a partnership or limited liability company, partnership interests (whether general or limited) or membership interests; and

 

(4)                                 any other interest or participation that confers on a person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing person, but excluding from all of the foregoing any debt securities convertible into Capital Stock, whether or not such debt securities include any right of participation with Capital Stock.

 

“Company” means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.

 

“Company Order” means a written order signed in the name of the Company by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.

 

“Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally administered.

 

“Default” means any event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default.

 

6

 

“Depositary” means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person designated as Depositary for such Series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series.

 

“Discount Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.

 

“Dollars” and “$”means the currency of The United States of America.

 

“ECU” means the European Currency Unit as determined by the Commission of the European Union.

 

“EDGAR” means the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system or any successor thereto.

 

“Equity Interests” means Capital Stock and all warrants, options or other rights to acquire Capital Stock (but excluding any debt security that is convertible into, or exchangeable for, Capital Stock).

 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

“Foreign Currency” means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.

 

“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are in effect from time to time.

 

“Global Security” or “Global Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section 2.2 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depositary or nominee.

 

“Government Securities” means direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the United States of America, and the payment for which the United States pledges its full faith and credit.

 

“Guarantee” means a guarantee other than by endorsement of negotiable instruments for collection in the ordinary course of business, direct or indirect, in any manner including, without limitation, by way of a pledge of assets or through letters of credit or reimbursement agreements in respect thereof, of all or any part of any Indebtedness (whether arising by virtue of partnership arrangements, or by agreements to keep-well, to purchase assets,

 

7

 

goods, securities or services, to take or pay or to maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise).

 

“Hedging Obligations” means, with respect to any specified person, the obligations of such person under:

 

(1)                                 currency exchange, interest rate or commodity swap agreements, currency exchange, interest rate or commodity cap agreements and currency exchange, interest rate or commodity collar agreements, and

 

(2)                                 (i) agreements or arrangements designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in currency exchange, interest rates, commodity prices or commodity transportation or transmission pricing or availability; (ii) any netting arrangements, power purchase and sale agreements, fuel purchase and sale agreements, swaps, options and other agreements, in each case, that fluctuate in value with fluctuations in energy, power or gas prices; and (iii) agreements or arrangements for commercial or trading activities with respect to the purchase, transmission, distribution, sale, lease or hedge of any energy related commodity or service.

 

“Holder” or “Securityholder” means a person in whose name a Security is registered.

 

“Indebtedness” means, with respect to any specified person, any indebtedness of such person (excluding accrued expenses and trade payables), whether or not contingent:

 

(1)                                 in respect of borrowed money;

 

(2)                                 evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or similar instruments or letters of credit (or reimbursement agreements in respect thereof);

 

(3)                                 in respect of banker’s acceptances;

 

(4)                                 representing Capital Lease Obligations or Attributable Debt in respect of sale and leaseback transactions;

 

(5)                                 representing the balance deferred and unpaid of the purchase price of any property (including trade payables) or services due more than six months after such property is acquired or such services are completed; or

 

(6)                                 representing the net amount owing under any Hedging Obligations,

 

if and to the extent any of the preceding items (other than letters of credit, Attributable Debt and Hedging Obligations) would appear as a liability upon a balance sheet of the specified person prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, the term “Indebtedness” includes all Indebtedness of others secured by a Lien on any asset of the specified person (whether or not such Indebtedness is assumed by the specified person) and, to the extent not otherwise included, the Guarantee by the specified person of any Indebtedness of any other person; provided, that the amount of such Indebtedness shall be deemed not to exceed the lesser of the amount secured by such Lien and the value of the person’s property securing such Lien.

 

8

 

“Indenture” means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.

 

“interest” with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.

 

“Lien” means, with respect to any asset:

 

(1)                                 any mortgage, deed of trust, deed to secure debt, lien (statutory or otherwise), pledge, hypothecation, encumbrance, restriction, collateral assignment, charge or security interest in, on or of such asset;

 

(2)                                 the interest of a vendor or a lessor under any conditional sale agreement, capital lease or title retention agreement (or any financing lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing) relating to such asset; and

 

(3)                                 in the case of Equity Interests or debt securities, any purchase option, call or similar right of a third party with respect to such Equity Interests or debt securities.

 

“Maturity,” when used with respect to any Security or installment of principal thereof, means the date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption, notice of option to elect repayment or otherwise.

 

“Officer” means the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice-President, the Treasurer, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary of the Company.

 

“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.

 

“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company who is acceptable to the Trustee.

 

“person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, limited liability company or government or other entity.

 

“principal” of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, the Security.

 

“Responsible Officer” means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office (including any managing director, director, vice president, assistant vice president, trust officer or corporate secretary) and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer customarily performing functions similar to those performed by the above

 

9

 

designated officers and also means, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.

 

“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Securities” means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

 

“Series” or “Series of Securities” means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.2 hereof.

 

“Stated Maturity” means, with respect to any installment of interest or principal on any series of Indebtedness, the date on which the payment of interest or principal was scheduled to be paid in the documentation governing such Indebtedness as of the date of the indenture, and will not include any contingent obligations to repay, redeem or repurchase any such interest or principal prior to the date originally scheduled for the payment thereof.

 

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any specified person:

 

(1)                                 any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency and after giving effect to any voting agreement or stockholders’ agreement that effectively transfers voting power) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees of the corporation, association or other business entity is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by that person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that person (or a combination thereof); and

 

(2)                                 any partnership (a) the sole general partner or the managing general partner of which is such person or a Subsidiary of such person or (b) the only general partners of which are that person or one or more Subsidiaries of that person (or any combination thereof).

 

“TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code §§ 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.

 

“Trustee” means the person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.

 

“Voting Stock” of any person as of any date means the Capital Stock of such person that is at the time entitled to vote in the election of the Board of Directors of such person.

 

10

 

Section 1.2                                    Other Definitions.

 

	
TERM
    	
 
    	
DEFINED IN 
   SECTION
    	
 
    
	
“Bankruptcy   Law”
    	
 
    	
6.1
    	
 
    
	
“Custodian”
    	
 
    	
6.1
    	
 
    
	
“Event   of Default”
    	
 
    	
6.1
    	
 
    
	
“Legal   Holiday”
    	
 
    	
11.7
    	
 
    
	
“mandatory   sinking fund payment”
    	
 
    	
12.1
    	
 
    
	
“optional   sinking fund payment”
    	
 
    	
12.1
    	
 
    
	
“Paying   Agent”
    	
 
    	
2.4
    	
 
    
	
“Registrar”
    	
 
    	
2.4
    	
 
    
	
“Service   Agent”
    	
 
    	
2.4
    	
 
    

 

Section 1.3                                    Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.

 

Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:

 

“Commission” means the SEC.

 

“indenture securities” means the Securities.

 

“indenture security holder” means a Securityholder.

 

“indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture.

 

“indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee.

 

“obligor” on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.

 

All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined.

 

Section 1.4                                    Rules of Construction.

 

Unless the context otherwise requires:

 

(a)                                 a term has the meaning assigned to it;

 

(b)                                 an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

11

 

(c)                                  references to “generally accepted accounting principles” and “GAAP” shall mean generally accepted accounting principles in effect as of the time when and for the period as to which such accounting principles are to be applied;

 

(d)                                 “or” is not exclusive;

 

(e)                                  words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular;

 

(f)                                   “including” is not limiting; and

 

(g)                                  provisions apply to successive events and transactions.

 

ARTICLE II.
 THE SECURITIES

 

Section 2.1                                    Issuable in Series.

 

The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series. All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to the authority granted under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.

 

Section 2.2                                    Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.

 

At or prior to the issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection 2.2.1 and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections 2.2.2 through 2.2.21) by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution:

 

2.2.1                     the title of the Series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series);

 

2.2.2                     the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;

 

2.2.3                     any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities 

 

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authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the Series pursuant to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6);

 

2.2.4                     the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;

 

2.2.5                     the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date; provided, however, that the method used to determine such rate or rates at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest must be acceptable to the Trustee;

 

2.2.6                     the place or places where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be served, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means;

 

2.2.7                     if applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;

 

2.2.8                     the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

 

2.2.9                     the dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;

 

2.2.10              if other than denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;

 

2.2.11              whether the Securities of the Series are to be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and, in such case, the Depositary for such Global Security or Global Securities, and the terms and conditions, if any, upon which interests in such Global Security or Global Securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for the individual securities represented thereby in definitive form registered in the name or names of Persons other than such Depositary or a nominee or nominees thereof;

 

2.2.12              if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2;

 

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2.2.13              the currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, including, but not limited to, the ECU, and if such currency of denomination is a composite currency other than the ECU, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;

 

2.2.14              the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be made;

 

2.2.15              if payments of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series are to be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments will be determined;

 

2.2.16              the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be determined, if such amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;

 

2.2.17              the provisions, if any, relating to any security or guarantee provided for the Securities of the Series, and any subordination in right of payment, if any, of the Securities of the Series;

 

2.2.18              any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.2;

 

2.2.19              any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V which applies to Securities of the Series;

 

2.2.20              any other terms of the Securities of the Series (which may modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series); and

 

2.2.21              any depositories, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if other than those appointed herein.

 

All Securities of any one Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate referred to above, and the authorized principal amount of any Series may not be increased to provide for issuances of additional Securities of such Series, unless otherwise provided in such Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate.

 

Section 2.3                                    Execution and Authentication.

 

Two Officers shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.

 

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If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.

 

A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.

 

The Trustee shall at any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate.

 

The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2, except as provided in Section 2.8.

 

Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.2) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officers’ Certificate complying with Section 11.4, and (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 11.4.

 

The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not be taken lawfully; or (b) if the Trustee in good faith shall determine that such action could expose the Trustee to personal liability.

 

The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company.

 

Section 2.4                                    Registrar and Paying Agent.

 

The Company shall maintain, with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.2, an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“Paying Agent”), where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (“Registrar”) and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be served (“Service Agent”). The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent or 

 

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shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands; provided, however, that the Trustee shall not serve as an agent or officer for the purpose of service of process on behalf of the Company.

 

The Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or additional service agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent and Service Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.2 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional service agent. The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar; the term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent; and the term “Service Agent” includes any additional service agent.

 

The Company hereby appoints the Trustee as the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Service Agent for each Series unless another Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.

 

Section 2.5                                    Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.

 

The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent.

 

Section 2.6                                    Securityholder Lists.

 

The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA § 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten days before each payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities.

 

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Section 2.7                                    Transfer and Exchange.

 

Where Securities of a Series are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if the requirements set forth in this Indenture and the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate applicable to such Series of Securities are met with respect to such transfer or exchange. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar’s request. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6).

 

Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening of business fifteen days immediately preceding the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for redemption in part.

 

Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, neither the Trustee nor the Registrar shall have any obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture, any Board Resolution, any supplemental indenture hereto, any Officers’ Certificate, any Securities or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Securities other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture or the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate applicable to such Series of Securities, and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof or thereof.

 

Section 2.8                                    Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

 

If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

 

If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen 

 

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Security, a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

 

In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

 

Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

 

Every new Security of any Series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder.

 

The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

 

Section 2.9                                    Outstanding Securities.

 

Subject to Section 2.10, the Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section as not outstanding.

 

If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.8, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a bona fide purchaser.

 

If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on a redemption date or the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series shall cease to be outstanding and interest on such Securities shall cease to accrue.

 

Notwithstanding Section 2.10, a Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security.

 

In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.

 

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Section 2.10                             Treasury Securities.

 

In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver Securities of a Series owned by the Company or an Affiliate of the Company shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver only Securities of a Series that the Trustee has received written notice from the Company, certifying that the relevant Securities of such Series are owned by the Company or an Affiliate of the Company shall be so disregarded.

 

Upon request of the Trustee, the Company shall promptly furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate listing and identifying all Securities, if any, known by the Company to be owned or held by or for the account of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company, and the Trustee shall be entitled to accept such Officer’s Certificate as conclusive evidence of the facts therein set forth and of the fact that all Securities not listed therein are outstanding for the purpose of any such determination.

 

Section 2.11                             Temporary Securities.

 

Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Company Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee upon request shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, temporary securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.

 

Section 2.12                             Cancellation.

 

The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. Upon written request of an Officer, the Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and deliver such canceled Securities to the Company, unless the Company otherwise directs; provided that the Trustee shall not be required to destroy Securities. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

 

Section 2.13                             Defaulted Interest.

 

If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on a Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Securityholders of the Series on a subsequent special record date. The Company shall fix the record date and payment date. At least 10 days before the record date, the Company shall mail to the Trustee and to each Securityholder of the Series a notice that states the record date, the payment date and the amount of interest to be paid. The Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.

 

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Section 2.14                             Global Securities.

 

2.14.1              Terms of Securities. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities.

 

2.14.2              Transfer and Exchange. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.7 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.7 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depositary for such Security or its nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event, (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable or (iii) an Event of Default with respect to the Securities represented by such Global Security shall have happened and be continuing. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms.

 

Except as provided in this Section 2.14.2, a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.

 

2.14.3              Legend. Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:

 

“This Security is a Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of the Depositary or a nominee of the Depositary. This Security is exchangeable for Securities registered in the name of a person other than the Depositary or its nominee only in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture, and may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary, by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.”

 

2.14.4              Acts of Holders. The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.

 

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2.14.5              Payments. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.

 

2.14.6              Consents, Declaration and Directions. Except as provided in Section 2.14.5, the Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a person as the Holder of such principal amount of outstanding Securities of such Series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents, declarations, waivers or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.

 

2.14.7              General Provisions for Book-Entry Securities.  Members of, or participants in, the Depositary (“Participants”) shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global Security held on their behalf by the Depositary, or the Trustee as its custodian, or under the Global Security, and the Depositary may be treated by the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the absolute owner of the Global Security for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary or impair, as between the Depositary and Participants, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of a Holder of any Global Security.  All notices and communications to be given to the Holders and all payments to be made to Holders in respect of the Global Securities shall be given or made only to or upon the order of the registered Holders (which shall be the Depositary or its nominee). The rights of beneficial owners in any Global Security shall be exercised only through the Depositary, subject to its applicable rules and procedures. The Trustee, Registrar, Paying Agent and Service Agent may each rely and shall be fully protected in relying upon information furnished by the Depositary with respect to its agent members and other members, participants and any beneficial owners.

 

Section 2.15                             CUSIP Numbers.

 

The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers.

 

ARTICLE III.
 REDEMPTION

 

Section 3.1                                    Notice to Trustee.

 

The Company may, with respect to any Series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms 

 

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as provided for in such Securities. If a Series of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee of the redemption date and the principal amount of Series of Securities to be redeemed. The Company shall give the notice at least 45 days, but not more than 60 days, before the redemption date (or such shorter notice as may be acceptable to the Trustee).

 

Section 3.2                                    Selection of Securities to be Redeemed or Repurchased.

 

Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed or repurchased, the Trustee shall select the Securities of the Series to be redeemed or repurchased on a pro rata basis unless otherwise required by law, rules of the applicable Depositary or applicable stock exchange requirements.

 

In the event of partial redemption or purchase by lot, the Trustee shall make the selection from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption or repurchase. The Trustee may select for redemption or repurchase portions of the principal of Securities of the Series that have denominations larger than $2,000. Securities of the Series and portions of them it selects shall be in amounts of $2,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 in excess of $2,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.2.10, the minimum principal denomination for each Series and integral multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption or repurchase also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption or repurchase.

 

Section 3.3                                    Notice of Redemption.

 

At least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail a notice of redemption by first-class mail to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed, except that redemption notices may be mailed more than 60 days prior to a redemption date if the notice is issued in connection with a defeasance of the Securities or a satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture pursuant to Articles 8 or 10 hereof.

 

The notice shall identify the Securities of the Series to be redeemed and shall state:

 

(a)                                 the redemption date;

 

(b)                                 the redemption price;

 

(c)                                  the name and address of the Paying Agent;

 

(d)                                 that Securities of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;

 

(e)                                  if any Security is being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Security to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date upon 

 

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surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion will be issued upon cancellation of the original Security;

 

(f)                                   that interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date;

 

(g)                                  the CUSIP number, if any; and

 

(h)                                 any other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed.

 

At the Company’s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at its expense provided, however, that the Company has delivered to the Trustee, at least 45 days prior to the redemption date (or such shorter period as the Trustee in its sole discretion may allow), a written request by an Officer requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the preceding paragraph.

 

Section 3.4                                    Effect of Notice of Redemption.

 

Once notice of redemption is mailed or published as provided in Section 3.3, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date; provided that installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the redemption date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities (or one or more predecessor Securities) registered at the close of business on the relevant record date therefor according to their terms and the terms of this Indenture.

 

Section 3.5                                    Deposit of Redemption Price.

 

One Business Day prior to the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.

 

Section 3.6                                    Securities Redeemed in Part.

 

Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the same maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.

 

ARTICLE IV.
 COVENANTS

 

Section 4.1                                    Payment of Principal and Interest.

 

The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will pay or cause to be paid the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on,

 

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the Securities of that Series on the dates and in the manner provided in such Securities. Principal, premium, if any, and interest on any Series of Securities will be considered paid on the date due if the Paying Agent, if other than the Company or a Subsidiary thereof, holds as of 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time on the due date money deposited by the Company in immediately available funds and designated for and sufficient to pay all principal, premium, if any, and interest then due.

 

Section 4.2                                    Maintenance of Office or Agency.

 

The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will maintain an office or agency (which may be an office of the Trustee for such Securities or an affiliate of such Trustee, Registrar for such Securities or co-registrar) where such Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of such Securities and this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee for such Securities of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company fails to maintain any such required office or agency or fails to furnish such Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of such Trustee; provided, however, that the Trustee shall not serve as an agent or officer for the purpose of service of process on behalf of the Company.

 

The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where Securities may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission will in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation described in the preceding paragraph. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee for such Series of Securities of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency.

 

With respect to each Series of Securities, the Company hereby designates the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as one such office or agency of the Company in accordance with Section 2.4 hereof.

 

Section 4.3                                    Reports.

 

The Company shall file with the Trustee and the SEC, and transmit to Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries thereof, as may be required pursuant to the TIA at the times and in the manner provided in the TIA; provided that, unless available on EDGAR, any such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within 30 days after the same is filed with the SEC.

 

Section 4.4                                    Compliance Certificate.

 

(a)                                 The Company and each guarantor of any Series of Securities (to the extent that such guarantor is so required under the TIA) shall deliver to the Trustee with respect to such Series, within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, an Officers’ Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to

 

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determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his or her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (or, if a Default or Event of Default has occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which he or she may have knowledge and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto) and that to the best of his or her knowledge no event has occurred and remains in existence by reason of which payments on account of the principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities is prohibited or if such event has occurred, a description of the event and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.

 

(b)                                 So long as any of Series of Securities are outstanding, the Company will deliver to the Trustee with respect to such Series, forthwith upon any Officer becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officers’ Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.

 

Section 4.5                                    Taxes.

 

The Company will pay, and will cause each of its Subsidiaries to pay, prior to delinquency, all material taxes, assessments, and governmental levies except such as are contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings or where the failure to effect such payment is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders of such Securities.

 

Section 4.6                                    Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.

 

The Company covenants and agrees (to the extent that it may lawfully do so), that it will not, and each guarantor of such Securities will not, at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, that may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company and each of such guarantors (to the extent that it may lawfully do so), as applicable, hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee for such Securities, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.

 

Section 4.7                                    Corporate Existence.

 

Subject to Article V hereof, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect:

 

(1)                                 its corporate existence, and the corporate, partnership or other existence of each of its Subsidiaries, in accordance with the respective organizational documents (as the same may be amended from time to time) of the Company or any such Subsidiary; and

 

(2)                                 the rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company and its Subsidiaries provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to

 

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preserve any such right, license or franchise, or the corporate, partnership or other existence of any of its Subsidiaries, if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and that the loss thereof is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders of such Securities.

 

ARTICLE V.
 SUCCESSORS

 

Section 5.1                                    Merger, Consolidation, or Sale of Assets.

 

The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it shall not, directly or indirectly: (i) consolidate or merge with or into another person (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation); or (ii) sell, assign, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, in one or more related transactions, to another person, unless:

 

(1)                                 either:

 

(A)                               the Company is the surviving corporation; or

 

(B)                               the person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company) or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition has been made is a corporation, partnership or limited liability company organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any state of the United States or the District of Columbia;

 

(2)                                 the person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company) or the person to which such sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition has been made assumes all the obligations of the Company under such Securities and this Indenture pursuant to agreements reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee for such Securities; and

 

(3)                                 immediately after such transaction, no Default or Event of Default exists.

 

In addition, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, lease all or substantially all of its properties or assets, in one or more related transactions, to any other person. This Section 5.1 will not apply to:

 

(4)                                 a merger of the Company with an Affiliate solely for the purpose of reincorporating the Company in another jurisdiction or forming a direct holding company of the Company; or

 

(5)                                 any sale, transfer, assignment, conveyance, lease or other disposition of assets between or among the Company and its Subsidiaries, including by way of merger or consolidation.

 

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Section 5.2                                    Successor Corporation Substituted.

 

Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Company in a transaction that is subject to, and that complies with the provisions of, Section 5.01 hereof, the successor person formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such consolidation, merger, sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition, the provisions of this Indenture referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the successor person and not to the Company), and may exercise every right and power of the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person had been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company shall not be relieved from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest on any Series of Securities except in the case of a sale of all of the Company’s assets in a transaction that is subject to, and that complies with the provisions of, Section 5.1 hereof.

 

ARTICLE VI.
 DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES

 

Section 6.1                                    Events of Default.

 

“Event of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate, it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default:

 

(a)                                 default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 60 days; or

 

(b)                                 default in payment when due of the principal of, or premium, if any, on any Security of that Series; or

 

(c)                                  default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due in respect of any Security of that Series; or

 

(d)                                 default in the performance or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of Series of Securities other than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 90 days after written notice given by the Trustee for such Securities or Holders of such Securities; or

 

(e)                                  the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:

 

(i)                                     commences a voluntary case,

 

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(ii)                                  consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,

 

(iii)                               consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,

 

(iv)                              makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or

 

(f)                                   a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:

 

(i)                                     is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case,

 

(ii)                                  appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or

 

(iii)                               orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days; or

 

(g)                                  any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.2.18.

 

The term “Bankruptcy Law” means title 11, U.S. Code or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors. The term “Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

 

Section 6.2                                    Acceleration.

 

If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to in Section 6.1(e) or (f)) then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that Series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(e) or (f) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.

 

At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to any Series has been made, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree

 

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and if all existing Events of Default (except nonpayment of principal, interest or premium that has become due solely because of the acceleration) have been cured or waived.

 

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

 

Section 6.3                                    Other Remedies.

 

If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on such Securities or to enforce the performance of any provision of such Securities or this Indenture.

 

The Trustee for such Securities may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of such Securities or does not produce any of them in the proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Holder of Securities in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default. All remedies are cumulative to the extent permitted by law.

 

Section 6.4                                    Waiver of Past Defaults.

 

Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any Series by notice to the Trustee for such Securities may on behalf of the Holders of all Securities of such Series waive an existing Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series and its consequences hereunder, except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on, such Securities (including in connection with an offer to purchase); provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration of the Securities of such Series and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration. Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

 

Section 6.5                                    Control by Majority.

 

Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any Series may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the Trustee for such Securities or exercising any trust or power conferred on it. However, the Trustee for any Series of Securities may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or this Indenture that such Trustee determines may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of other Holders of such Securities or that may involve the Trustee in personal liability.

 

Section 6.6                                    Limitation on Suits.

 

A Holder of any Series of Securities may pursue a remedy with respect to this Indenture or such Securities only if:

 

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(1)                                 such Holder gives to the Trustee for such Securities written notice that an Event of Default is continuing;

 

(2)                                 Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of such Series make a written request to the Trustee for such Securities to pursue the remedy;

 

(3)                                 such Holder or Holders offer and, if requested, provide to the Trustee for such Securities security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to such Trustee against any loss, liability or expense;

 

(4)                                 such Trustee does not comply with the request within 60 days after receipt of the request and the offer of security or indemnity; and

 

(5)                                 during such 60-day period, Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of such Series do not give such Trustee a direction inconsistent with such request.

 

A Holder of any Series of Securities may not use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder of such Series of Securities or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder of a Securities of such Series.

 

Section 6.7                                    Rights of Holders of Security to Receive Payment.

 

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Security of any Series to receive payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on such Securities, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Securities (including, if applicable, in connection with an offer to purchase), or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder.

 

Section 6.8                                    Collection Suit by Trustee.

 

If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(a), (b) or (c) hereof with respect to Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee for such Securities is authorized to recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an express trust against the Company for the whole amount of principal of, premium, if any, and interest remaining unpaid on, such Securities and interest on overdue principal and, to the extent lawful, interest and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of such Trustee, its agents and counsel.

 

Section 6.9                                    Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.

 

The Trustee for each Series of Securities is authorized to file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of such Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of such Trustee, its agents and counsel) and the Holders of the Securities for which it acts as trustee allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company (or any other obligor

 

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upon such Securities), its creditors or its property and shall be entitled and empowered to collect, receive and distribute any money or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and any Custodian in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder of such Securities to make such payments to such Trustee, and in the event that such Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Holders, to pay to such Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of such Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due such Trustee under the Indenture. To the extent that the payment of any such compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of such Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due such Trustee (including, without limitation, under Section 7.7 hereof) out of the estate in any such proceeding, shall be denied for any reason, payment of the same shall be secured by a Lien on, and shall be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities and other properties that such Holders may be entitled to receive in such proceeding whether in liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize such Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder for which it acts as trustee any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of such Holder, or to authorize such Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any such Holder in any such proceeding.

 

Section 6.10                             Priorities.

 

If the Trustee of any Series of Securities collects any money pursuant to this Article 6, it shall pay out the money in the following order:

 

First: to the Trustee, its agents and attorneys for amounts due under the Indenture, including payment of all reasonable compensation, expenses, indemnities and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and the costs and expenses of collection;

 

Second: to Holders of such Securities for amounts due and unpaid on such Securities for principal, premium, if any, and interest, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal, premium, if any and interest, respectively; and

 

Third: to the Company or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct.

 

The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Holders of Securities pursuant to this Section 6.10.

 

Section 6.11                             Undertaking for Costs.

 

In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against any Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as a trustee, a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by the party litigant. This Section 6.11 does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder of a Security pursuant to Section 6.7 hereof, or a suit by

 

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Holders of more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any Series.

 

ARTICLE VII.
 TRUSTEE

 

Section 7.1                                    Duties of Trustee.

 

(a)                                 If an Event of Default with respect to any Series of Securities has occurred and is continuing, of which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs.

 

(b)                                 Except during the continuance of an Event of Default of which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge:

 

(i)                                     The Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee.

 

(ii)                                  In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon Officers’ Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; however, in the case of any such Officers’ Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officers’ Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein).

 

(c)                                  The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:

 

(i)                                     This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section.

 

(ii)                                  The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.

 

(iii)                               The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any Series in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series.

 

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(d)                                 Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to this Article VII.

 

(e)                                  The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power at the request or direction of any Holder(s) unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.

 

(f)                                   The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

 

(g)                                  No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.

 

(h)                                 The Paying Agent, the Registrar, the Service Agent and any authenticating agent shall be entitled to the same protections, indemnities and immunities as are set forth in this Article VII with respect to the Trustee.

 

Section 7.2                                    Rights of Trustee.

 

(a)                                 The Trustee may conclusively rely on and shall be fully protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.

 

(b)                                 Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers’ Certificate. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers’ Certificate.

 

(c)                                  The Trustee may act through agents, attorneys, custodians or nominees and shall not be responsible for the supervision of or any misconduct or negligence of any agent, attorney, custodian or nominee appointed with due care. No Depositary shall be deemed an agent, attorney, custodian or nominee of the Trustee and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depositary.

 

(d)                                 The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers, provided that the Trustee’s conduct does not constitute negligence or bad faith.

 

(e)                                  The Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon.

 

(f)                                   The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of

 

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Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.

 

(g)                                  The Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder without negligence and in good faith and in reliance thereon.

 

(h)                                 The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit.

 

(i)                                     The Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular Series and this Indenture.

 

(j)                                    In no event shall the Trustee be liable for the selection of investments or for investment losses incurred thereon. The Trustee shall have no liability in respect of losses incurred as a result of the liquidation of any investment prior to its stated maturity or failure to provide timely written direction.

 

(k)                                 In no event shall the Trustee be liable for special, indirect, punitive or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but not limited to, loss of profit), even if the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.

 

(l)                                     In no event shall the Trustee be liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations under this Indenture or any related documents because of circumstances beyond the Trustee’s control, including, but not limited to, a failure, termination, or suspension of a clearing house, securities depositary, settlement system or central payment system in any applicable part of the world or acts of God, flood, war (whether declared or undeclared), civil or military disturbances or hostilities, nuclear or natural catastrophes, political unrest, explosion, severe weather or accident, earthquake, terrorism, fire, riot, labor disturbances, strikes or work stoppages for any reason, embargo, government action, including any laws, ordinances, regulations or the like (whether domestic, federal, state, county or municipal or foreign) which delay, restrict or prohibit the providing of the services contemplated by this Indenture or any related documents, or the unavailability of communications or computer facilities, the failure of equipment or interruption of communications or computer facilities, or the unavailability of the Federal Reserve Bank wire or telex or other wire or communication facility, or any other causes beyond the Trustee’s control whether or not of the same class or kind as specified above.

 

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(m)                             Delivery of reports and other financial information related to the Company to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute actual or constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely conclusively on Officers’ Certificates).

 

(n)                                 The right of the Trustee to perform any discretionary act enumerated in this Indenture or any related document shall not be construed as a duty.

 

Section 7.3                                    Individual Rights of Trustee.

 

The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11.

 

Section 7.4                                    Trustee’s Disclaimer.

 

The Trustee shall not be responsible for and makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Securities, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its authentication.

 

Section 7.5                                    Notice of Defaults.

 

If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder of the Securities of that Series notice of such Default or Event of Default within 90 days after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default.  Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if it in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Securityholders of that Series.

 

Section 7.6                                    Reports by Trustee to Holders.

 

Within 60 days after May 15 in each year, and for so long as any Securities remain outstanding, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar a brief report dated as of such May 15, in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA § 313(a) (but if no event described in TIA §313(a) has occurred within the twelve months preceding the reporting date, no report need be transmitted).  The Trustee also will comply with TIA §313(b)(2) and transmit by mail all reports as required by TIA §313(c).

 

A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Securityholders of any Series shall be mailed by the Trustee to the Company and filed by the Company with the SEC and each

 

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stock exchange on which the Securities of that Series are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when Securities of any Series are listed on any stock exchange.

 

Section 7.7                                    Compensation and Indemnity.

 

The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation for its services hereunder as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it in addition to the compensation for its services. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.

 

The Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee, any predecessor Trustee (including the cost of defending itself) and each of their respective officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents (collectively, the “Indemnified Parties”) against any loss, liability or expense, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by such Indemnified Parties directly or indirectly arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of its duties under this Indenture as Trustee or Agent; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to indemnify for any such loss, liability or expense resulting directly from an Indemnified Party’s negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct as determined by a final judgment issued by a court of competent jurisdiction. An Indemnified Party shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity, provided however that failure by such Indemnified Party to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder.  The Company shall defend the claim and the Indemnified Party shall cooperate in the defense. Each Indemnified Party may have one separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.

 

To secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section 7.7, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of and interest on particular Securities of that Series.

 

When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(e) or (f) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.

 

The provisions of this Section 7.7 shall survive the termination of this Indenture or the earlier resignation or removal of the Trustee.

 

Section 7.8                                    Replacement of Trustee.

 

A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section 7.8.

 

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The Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed resignation. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of one or more Series if:

 

(a)                                 the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10;

 

(b)                                 the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;

 

(c)                                  a Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or

 

(d)                                 the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.

 

If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.

 

If a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

 

A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Upon payment of all amounts owing to retiring Trustee hereunder, the retiring Trustee shall immediately transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.7, and the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to each Securityholder of each such Series. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.8, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.7 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it prior to such replacement.

 

Section 7.9                                    Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.

 

If the Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.

 

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Section 7.10                             Eligibility; Disqualification.

 

This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA § 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee shall always have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee shall comply with TIA § 310(b).

 

Section 7.11                             Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.

 

The Trustee is subject to TIA § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA § 311(a) to the extent indicated therein.

 

ARTICLE VIII.
 LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

 

Section 8.1                                    Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

 

The Company may at any time, at the option of its Board of Directors evidenced by a resolution set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, elect to have either Section 8.2 or 8.3 hereof be applied to all outstanding Securities of any Series upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article 8.

 

Section 8.2                                    Legal Defeasance and Discharge.

 

Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 8.1 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.2, the Company and each guarantor, if any, of such Securities will, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.4 hereof, be deemed to have been discharged from its or their obligations with respect to all outstanding Securities of such Series (including the related guarantees, if any) on the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, “Legal Defeasance”). For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Company and such guarantors, if any, will be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness represented by the outstanding Securities of such Series (including the related guarantees, if any), which will thereafter be deemed to be “outstanding” only for the purposes of Section 8.5 hereof and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in clauses (1) and (2) below, and to have satisfied all its or their other obligations under such Securities, such guarantees, if any, and this Indenture (and the Trustee for such Securities, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following provisions which will survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder:

 

(1)                                 the rights of Holders of outstanding Securities of such Series to receive payments in respect of the principal of, or interest or premium, if any, on, such Securities when such payments are due from the trust referred to in Section 8.4 hereof;

 

(2)                                 the Company’s obligations with respect to such Securities under Article 2 and Section 4.2 hereof;

 

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(3)                                 the rights, powers, trusts, duties, indemnities and immunities of the Trustee for such Securities hereunder and the Company’s and the guarantors’, if any, obligations in connection therewith; and

 

(4)                                 this Article 8.

 

Subject to compliance with this Article 8, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 8.2 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 8.3 hereof.

 

Section 8.3                                    Covenant Defeasance.

 

Upon the Company’s exercise under Section 8.1 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.3, the Company and each of the guarantors, if any, will, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.4 hereof, be released from each of their or its obligations under the covenants specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.2.18, with respect to the outstanding Securities of the applicable Series on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 8.4 hereof are satisfied (hereinafter, “Covenant Defeasance”), and such Securities will thereafter be deemed not “outstanding” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or act of Holders of such Securities (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but will continue to be deemed “outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder (it being understood that such Securities will not be deemed outstanding for accounting purposes). For this purpose, Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the outstanding Securities of such Series, the Company may omit to comply with and will have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply will not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 6.1 hereof, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities will be unaffected thereby. In addition, upon the Company’s exercise under Section 8.1 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.3, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.4 hereof, Sections 6.1(d) through (f) hereof will not constitute Events of Default.

 

Section 8.4                                    Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance.

 

In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance under either Section 8.2 or 8.3 hereof with respect to Securities of any Series:

 

(1)                                 the Company must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee for such Securities, in trust, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, cash in U.S. dollars, non-callable Government Securities, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized investment bank, appraisal firm, or firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on, the outstanding Securities of such Series on the stated date for payment thereof or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be, and the Company must specify whether such Securities are being defeased to such stated date for payment or to a particular redemption date;

 

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(2)                                 in the case of an election under Section 8.2 hereof, the Company must deliver to the Trustee for such Securities an Opinion of Counsel confirming that:

 

(A)                               the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling; or

 

(B)                               since the date of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the outstanding Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred;

 

(3)                                 in the case of an election under Section 8.3 hereof, the Company must deliver to the Trustee for such Securities an Opinion of Counsel confirming that the Holders of such Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred;

 

(4)                                 no Default or Event of Default with respect to such Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit);

 

(5)                                 such Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any material agreement or instrument (other than this Indenture) to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound;

 

(6)                                 the Company must deliver to the Trustee for such Securities an Officers’ Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of such Securities over the other creditors of the Company with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any creditors of the Company or others; and

 

(7)                                 the Company must deliver to the Trustee for such Securities an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent relating to the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance have been complied with.

 

Section 8.5                                    Deposited Money and Government Securities to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions.

 

Subject to Section 8.6 hereof, all money and non-callable Government Securities (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 8.5, the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 8.4 hereof in respect of the outstanding Securities of any Series will be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities of all sums due and to become due

 

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thereon in respect of principal, premium, if any, and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

 

The Company will pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or non-callable Government Securities deposited pursuant to Section 8.4 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of the outstanding Securities of the applicable Series.

 

Notwithstanding anything in this Article 8 to the contrary, the Trustee will deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon the request of the Company any money or non-callable Government Securities held by it as provided in Section 8.4 hereof which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee (which may be the opinion delivered under Section 8.4(1) hereof), are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

 

Section 8.6                                    Repayment to Company.

 

Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on, any Series of Securities and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, premium, if any, or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on its request or (if then held by the Company) will be discharged from such trust; and the Holders of such Securities will thereafter be permitted to look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, will thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal (national edition), notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which will not be less than 30 days from the date of such notification or publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

 

Section 8.7                                    Reinstatement.

 

If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any U.S. dollars or non-callable Government Securities in accordance with Section 8.2 or 8.3 hereof, as the case may be, by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the Company’s and any applicable guarantors’ obligations under this Indenture and the applicable Securities and the guarantees will be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.2 or 8.3 hereof until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.2 or 8.3 hereof, as the case may be; provided, however, that, if the Company makes any payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on, any such Securities following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company will be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or Paying Agent.

 

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ARTICLE IX.
 AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS

 

Section 9.1                                    Without Consent of Holders.

 

Notwithstanding Section 9.2 of this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Securityholder:

 

(a)                                 to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency or to conform the terms hereof, as amended and supplemented, that are applicable to the Securities of any Series to the description of the terms of such Securities in the offering memorandum, prospectus supplement or other offering document applicable to such Securities at the time of initial sale thereof;

 

(b)                                 to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;

 

(c)                                  to provide for the assumption of the Company’s obligations to the Holders of the Securities by a successor to the Company pursuant to Article 5 hereof;

 

(d)                                 to make any change that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the Holders of Securities or that does not adversely affect the legal rights hereunder of any Securityholder;

 

(e)                                  to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA;

 

(f)                                   to add to or change or eliminate any provision of this Indenture as shall be necessary or desirable in accordance with any amendments to the Trust Indenture Act;

 

(g)                                  to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of Securities of any Series as permitted by this Indenture;

 

(h)                                 to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more Series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee; or

 

(i)                                     to add guarantors or co-obligors with respect to any Series of Securities or to release guarantors of Securities in accordance with the terms of the applicable Series of Securities.

 

Upon the request of the Company accompanied by a resolution of its Board of Directors authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental indenture, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 7.2 hereof, the Trustee will join with the Company in the execution of any amended or supplemental indenture authorized or permitted by the terms of this Indenture and to make any further appropriate agreements and

 

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stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee will not be obligated to enter into such amended or supplemental indenture that affects its own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

 

Section 9.2                                    With Consent of Holders.

 

Subject to Section 9.3, the Company and the Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Securityholders of each such Series. Except as provided in Section 9.3, the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities of each Series by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series.

 

It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. Upon the request of the Company accompanied by a resolution of its Board of Directors authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence satisfactory to the Trustee of the consent of the Holders of Securities as aforesaid, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 9.7 hereof, the Trustee will join with the Company in the execution of such amended or supplemental indenture unless such amended or supplemental indenture directly affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but will not be obligated to, enter into such amended or supplemental Indenture.

 

After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Securities affected thereby a notice briefly describing the supplemental indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.

 

Section 9.3                                    Limitations.

 

Without the consent of each Securityholder affected, an amendment or waiver may not (with respect to any Securities held by a non-consenting Holder):

 

(a)                                 change the amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;

 

(b)                                 reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security;

 

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(c)                                  reduce the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation;

 

(d)                                 reduce the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;

 

(e)                                  waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);

 

(f)                                   make the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security;

 

(g)                                  make any change in Sections 6.4 or 9.3 (this sentence); or

 

(h)                                 waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security or change any of the provisions with respect to the redemption of any Securities, except as specifically set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2.

 

Section 9.4                                    Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.

 

Every amendment to this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then in effect.

 

Section 9.5                                    Revocation and Effect of Consents.

 

Until an amendment or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date the amendment or waiver becomes effective.

 

Any amendment or waiver once effective shall bind every Securityholder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a) through (h) of Section 9.3. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security.

 

Section 9.6                                    Notation on or Exchange of Securities.

 

The Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for Securities of that Series may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon request new Securities of that Series that reflect the amendment or waiver.

 

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Section 9.7                                    Trustee Protected.

 

In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel each stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures, except that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights, duties, liabilities, indemnities or immunities.

 

ARTICLE X.
 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

 

Section 10.1                             Satisfaction and Discharge.

 

This Indenture will be discharged and will cease to be of further effect as to a Series of Securities issued hereunder, when:

 

(a)                                 either:

 

(i)                                     all such Securities that have been authenticated, except lost, stolen or destroyed Securities that have been replaced or paid and Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust and thereafter repaid to the Company, have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

 

(ii)                                  all such Securities that have not been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation have become due and payable by reason of the distribution of a notice of redemption or otherwise or will become due and payable within one year and the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust solely for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, cash in U.S. dollars, non-callable Government Securities, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient, without consideration of any reinvestment of interest, to pay and discharge the entire Indebtedness on such Securities not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation for principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest to the date of maturity or redemption;

 

(b)                                 no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing on the date of such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit) and the deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other instrument to which the Company or any guarantor, as applicable, of such Securities is a party or by which the Company or any such guarantor, as applicable, is bound;

 

(c)                                  the Company or any guarantor of such Securities has paid or caused to be paid all sums payable by it under this Indenture; and

 

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(d)                                 the Company has delivered irrevocable instructions to the Trustee for such Securities under this Indenture to apply the deposited money toward the payment of such Securities at maturity or on the redemption date, as the case may be.

 

In addition, the Company must deliver an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the Trustee for such Securities stating that all conditions precedent to satisfaction and discharge have been satisfied.

 

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, if money has been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (b) of this Section 10.1, the provisions of Sections 10.2 and 8.6 hereof will survive. In addition, nothing in this Section 10.1 will be deemed to discharge those provisions of Section 7.7 hereof, that, by their terms, survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture.

 

Section 10.2                             Application of Trust Money.

 

Subject to the provisions of Section 8.6 hereof, all money deposited with a Trustee pursuant to Section 10.1 hereof shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities with respect to which such deposit was made and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as such Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if any) and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with such Trustee; but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

 

ARTICLE XI.
 MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 11.1                             Trust Indenture Act Controls.

 

This Indenture is hereby made subject to, and shall be governed by, the provisions of the TIA required or deemed to be part of and to govern indentures qualified under the TIA.  If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision shall control.

 

Section 11.2                             Notices.

 

Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first-class mail:

 

if to the Company:

 

NRG Yield, Inc.

211 Carnegie Center

Princeton, NJ 08540

Attention: General Counsel

 

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Telephone: (609) 524-4500

Facsimile: (609) 524-4589

 

if to the Trustee:

 

Law Debenture Trust Company of New York

400 Madison Avenue, Suite 4D

New York, NY 10017

Attention: Corporate Trust Administration

Telephone: (212) 750-6474

Facsimile: (212) 750-1361

 

The Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.

 

Any notice or communication to a Securityholder shall be mailed by first-class mail to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Securityholder of any Series or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders of that or any other Series.

 

If a notice or communication is mailed or published in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Securityholder receives it.

 

If the Company mails a notice or communication to Securityholders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.

 

Section 11.3                             Communication by Holders with Other Holders.

 

Securityholders of any Series may communicate pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other Securityholders of that Series or any other Series with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA § 312(c).

 

Section 11.4                             Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.

 

Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:

 

(a)                                 an Officers’ Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and

 

(b)                                 an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.

 

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Section 11.5                             Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.

 

Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA § 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA § 314(e) and shall include:

 

(a)                                 a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;

 

(b)                                 a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

 

(c)                                  a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

 

(d)                                 a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

 

Section 11.6                             Rules by Trustee and Agents.

 

The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Securityholders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.

 

Section 11.7                             Legal Holidays.

 

Unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series, a “Legal Holiday” is any day that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.

 

Section 11.8                             No Recourse Against Others.

 

A director, officer, employee or stockholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Securityholder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.

 

Section 11.9                             Counterparts.

 

This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

 

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Section 11.10                      Governing Laws.

 

THE INTERNAL LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WILL GOVERN AND BE USED TO CONSTRUE THIS INDENTURE, THE SECURITIES AND ANY GUARANTEES OF THE SECURITIES WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW TO THE EXTENT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION WOULD BE REQUIRED THEREBY.

 

Section 11.11                      No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.

 

This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.

 

Section 11.12                      Successors.

 

All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.

 

Section 11.13                      Severability.

 

In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

 

Section 11.14                      Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.

 

The Table of Contents, Cross-Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.

 

ARTICLE XII.
 SINKING FUNDS

 

Section 12.1                             Applicability of Article.

 

The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series, except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture.

 

The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment” and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section

 

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12.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series as provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series.

 

Section 12.2                             Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

 

The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an Officers’ Certificate with respect thereto, not later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 12.2, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to time upon receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company.

 

Section 12.3                             Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

 

Not less than 45 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate in respect of a particular Series of Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 12.2, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified.

 

Not less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.2 and cause

 

50

 

notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.3. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.

 

Section 12.4                             Compliance with Applicable Anti-Terrorism and Anti-Money Laundering Regulations.

 

In order to comply with laws, rules, regulations and executive orders in effect from time to time applicable to banking institutions, including those relating to the funding of terrorist activities and money laundering (“Relevant Law”), the Trustee is required to obtain, verify and record certain information relating to individuals and entities which maintain a business relationship with the Trustee.  Accordingly, each of the parties agrees to provide to the Trustee upon its request from time to time such identifying information and documentation as may be available for such party in order to enable the Trustee to comply with Relevant Law.

 

[Signatures on following page]

 

51

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed and attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

 

	
 
    	
NRG   YIELD, INC.
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title:
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
LAW   DEBENTURE TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, as Trustee
    
	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
By:
    	
 
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Name:
    
	
 
    	
 
    	
Title:
    

 

52EXHIBIT 10.2

 Securities Purchase Agreement
 

 THIS SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of June 16, 2015, is entered into by and between NEAH POWER SYSTEMS, INC., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), and INTER-MOUNTAIN CAPITAL CORP., a Delaware corporation, its successors and/or assigns (the “Buyer”).
 A.
 The Company and the Buyer are executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon the exemption from securities registration afforded by the rules and regulations as promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”).
 B.
 The Buyer desires to purchase and the Company desires to issue and sell, upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, a Secured Convertible Promissory Note, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, in the original principal amount of $832,500.00 (the “Note”), convertible into shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”), upon the terms and subject to the limitations and conditions set forth in such Note. 
 C.
 This Agreement, the Note, the Security Agreement (as defined below), the Trust Deed (as defined below), the Request (as defined below), the Escrow Agreement (as defined below), the Buyer Trust Deed Notes (as defined below), and all other certificates, documents, agreements, resolutions and instruments delivered to any party under or in connection with this Agreement, as the same may be amended from time to time, are collectively referred to herein as the “Transaction Documents”.
 D.
 For purposes of this Agreement: “Conversion Shares” means all shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of all or any portion of the Note; and “Securities” means the Note and the Conversion Shares.
 NOW THEREFORE, the Company and the Buyer hereby agree as follows:
 1. Purchase and Sale of Securities.
 1.1. Purchase of Securities. On the Closing Date (as defined below), the Company shall issue and sell to the Buyer and the Buyer agrees to purchase from the Company the Note. In consideration thereof, the Buyer shall pay (i) the amount designated as the initial cash purchase price on the Buyer’s signature page to this Agreement (the “Initial Cash Purchase Price”), and (ii) issue to the Company the Buyer Trust Deed Notes (the sum of the initial principal amount of the Buyer Trust Deed Notes, together with the Initial Cash Purchase Price, the “Purchase Price”). Subject to Section 1.5, the Buyer Trust Deed Notes shall be secured no later than five (5) Trading Days (as defined in the Note) after the Closing Date by the Trust Deed substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B, as the same may be amended from time to time (the “Trust Deed”). The Purchase Price and the OID (as defined herein) are allocated to the Tranches (as defined in the Note) of the Note as set forth in the table attached hereto as Exhibit C.
 1.2. Form of Payment. On the Closing Date, (i) the Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price to the Company by delivering the following at the Closing: (A) the Initial Cash Purchase Price, which shall be delivered by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the Company, in accordance with the Company’s written wiring instructions, (B) Buyer Trust Deed Note #1 in the principal amount of $150,000.00 duly executed and substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D (“Buyer Trust Deed Note #1”); (C) Buyer Trust Deed Note #2 in the principal amount of $150,000.00 duly executed and substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D (“Buyer Trust Deed Note #2”); (D) Buyer Trust Deed Note #3 in the principal amount of $150,000.00 duly executed and substantially in the form 
 

 1
 

 
 attached hereto as Exhibit D (“Buyer Trust Deed Note #3”); and (E) Buyer Trust Deed Note #4 in the principal amount of $150,000.00 duly executed and substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D (“Buyer Trust Deed Note #4”, and together with Buyer Trust Deed Note #1, Buyer Trust Deed Note #2, and Buyer Trust Deed Note #3, the “Buyer Trust Deed Notes”).
 1.3. Closing Date. Subject to the satisfaction (or written waiver) of the conditions set forth in Section 5 and Section 6 below, the date and time of the issuance and sale of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement (the “Closing Date”) shall be 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time on or about June 16, 2015, or such other mutually agreed upon time. The closing of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (the “Closing”) shall occur on the Closing Date at the offices of the Buyer unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties.
 1.4. Collateral for Note. The Note shall be secured by the collateral set forth in that certain Security Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit E listing all of the Buyer Trust Deed Notes as the sole and exclusive security for the Company’s obligations under the Transaction Documents (the “Security Agreement”).
 1.5. Collateral for Buyer Trust Deed Notes. Within five (5) Trading Days after the Closing, the Buyer shall execute and cause to be recorded the Trust Deed in the official records of Wasatch County, Utah. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Transaction Document, the Buyer may, in the Buyer’s sole discretion, add additional collateral to the collateral covered by the Trust Deed (the “Collateral”), and may substitute Collateral as the Buyer deems fit, provided that the net fair market value of the substituted Collateral may not be less than the aggregate principal balance of the Buyer Trust Deed Notes as of the date of any such substitution. In the event of a substitution of Collateral, the Buyer shall timely execute any and all amendments and documents necessary or advisable in order to release the original Collateral and properly grant a security interest upon the substitute collateral in favor of the Company, and the Company shall take such other measures as are necessary or advisable in order to accomplish the intent of the Transaction Documents, including without limitation, execution of a request to release a lien against the original Collateral within five (5) Trading Days after written request from the Buyer. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Collateral may be encumbered by other monetary liens in priority and/or subordinate positions. The intent of the parties is that the net fair market value of the Collateral (less any other prior liens or encumbrances) will be equal to or greater than the aggregate outstanding balance of the Buyer Trust Deed Notes. To the extent the fair market value of the Collateral (less any other liens or encumbrances) is less than the total outstanding balance of all the Buyer Trust Deed Notes, then the Collateral will be deemed to only secure those Buyer Trust Deed Notes with an aggregate outstanding balance that is less than or equal to such net fair market value of the Collateral, applied in numerical order of the Buyer Trust Deed Notes. By way of example only, if the fair market value of the Collateral is determined by appraisal to be $600,000.00 and the Collateral is encumbered by $450,000.00 of prior liens, then the net fair market value for purposes of this section is $150,000.00 ($600,000.00 - $450,000.00). Accordingly, the Collateral will be deemed to secure only Buyer Trust Deed Note #1, while Buyer Trust Deed Notes #2, #3, and #4 shall be deemed unsecured. If the Collateral is subsequently appraised for $600,000.00 with all prior liens removed, then the Collateral will automatically be deemed to secure Buyer Trust Deed Notes #1, #2, #3, and #4 ($150,000.00 x 4 = $600,000.00).
 1.6. Original Issue Discount; Transaction Expenses. The Note carries an original issue discount of $75,000.00 (the “OID”). In addition, the Company agrees to pay $7,500.00 to the Buyer to cover the Buyer’s legal fees, accounting costs, due diligence, monitoring and other transaction costs incurred in connection with the purchase and sale of the Securities (the “Transaction Expense Amount”), all of which amount is included in the initial principal balance of this Note. The Purchase Price, therefore, shall be $750,000.00, computed as follows: $832,500.00 original principal balance, less 
 

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 the OID, less the Transaction Expense Amount. The Initial Cash Purchase Price shall be the Purchase Price less the sum of the initial principal amounts of the Buyer Trust Deed Notes.
 2. Buyer’s Representations and Warranties. The Buyer represents and warrants to the Company that: (i) this Agreement has been duly and validly authorized; (ii) this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding agreement of the Buyer enforceable in accordance with its terms; (iii) the Buyer is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D of the 1933 Act, and (iv) this Agreement, the Buyer Trust Deed Notes, and the Trust Deed have been duly executed and delivered on behalf of the Buyer.
 3. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to the Buyer that: (i) the Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its state of incorporation and has the requisite corporate power to own its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted; (ii) the Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction where the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary; (iii) the Company has registered its Common Stock under Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and is obligated to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the 1934 Act; (iv) each of the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, have been duly and validly authorized by the Company; (v) this Agreement, the Note, the Security Agreement, and the other Transaction Documents have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and constitute the valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject as to enforceability only to general principles of equity and to bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, and other similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally; (vi) the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents by the Company, the issuance of Securities in accordance with the terms hereof, and the consummation by the Company of the other transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents do not and will not conflict with or result in a breach by the Company of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under (a) the Company’s formation documents or bylaws, each as currently in effect, (b) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, or other material agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it or any of its properties or assets are bound, including any listing agreement for the Common Stock, or (c) to the Company’s knowledge, any existing applicable law, rule, or regulation or any applicable decree, judgment, or order of any court, United States federal or state regulatory body, administrative agency, or other governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of the Company’s properties or assets; (vii) no further authorization, approval or consent of any court, governmental body, regulatory agency, self-regulatory organization, or stock exchange or market or the stockholders or any lender of the Company is required to be obtained by the Company for the issuance of the Securities to the Buyer; (viii) none of the Company’s filings with the SEC contained, at the time they were filed, any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; (ix) the Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company with the SEC under the 1934 Act on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such report, schedule, form, statement or other document prior to the expiration of any such extension; (x) the Company is not a “Shell Company,” as such type of “issuer” is described in Rule 144(i)(1) under the 1933 Act; (xi) the Company has taken no action which would give rise to any claim by any person or entity for a brokerage commission, placement agent or finder’s fees or similar payments by the Buyer relating to the Note or the transactions contemplated hereby; and (xii) except for such fees arising as a result of any agreement or arrangement entered into by the Buyer without the knowledge of the Company (a “Buyer’s Fee”), the Buyer shall have no obligation with respect to such fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other persons for fees of a type contemplated in this subsection that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and the Company 
 

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 shall indemnify and hold harmless each of the Buyer, the Buyer’s employees, officers, directors, stockholders, managers, agents, and partners, and their respective affiliates, from and against all claims, losses, damages, costs (including the costs of preparation and attorneys’ fees) and expenses suffered in respect of any such claimed or existing fees (other than a Buyer’s Fee, if any).
 4. Covenants. 
 4.1. Until all of the Company’s obligations hereunder are paid and performed in full, or within the timeframes otherwise specifically set forth below, the Company shall comply with the following covenants: (i) from the date hereof until the date that is six (6) months after all the Conversion Shares either have been sold by the Buyer, or may permanently be sold by the Buyer without any restrictions pursuant to Rule 144, the Company shall timely make all filings required to be made by it under the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act, Rule 144 or any United States securities laws and regulations thereof applicable to the Company or by the rules and regulations of its principal trading market, and such filings shall conform to the requirements of applicable laws, regulations and government agencies, and, unless such filings are publicly available on the SEC’s EDGAR system (via the SEC’s web site at no additional charge), the Company shall provide a copy thereof to the Buyer promptly after such filings; (ii) so long as the Buyer beneficially owns any of the Securities and for at least twenty (20) Trading Days thereafter, the Company shall file all reports required to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13 or 15(d) of the 1934 Act, and shall take all reasonable action under its control to ensure that adequate current public information with respect to the Company, as required in accordance with Rule 144, is publicly available, and shall not terminate its status as an issuer required to file reports under the 1934 Act even if the 1934 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder would permit such termination; (iii) the Common Stock shall be listed or quoted for trading and shall remain trading on any of (a) the NYSE Amex, (b) the New York Stock Exchange, (c) the Nasdaq Global Market, (d) the Nasdaq Capital Market, (e) the OTC Bulletin Board, (f) the OTCQX, or (g) the OTCQB; (iv) the Company shall use the net proceeds received hereunder for working capital and general corporate purposes only; provided, however, the Company will not use such proceeds to pay fees payable (a) to any broker or finder relating to the offer and sale of the Securities unless such broker, finder, or other party is a registered investment adviser or registered broker-dealer and such fees are paid in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, or (b) to any other party relating to any financing transaction effected prior to the date hereof; and (v) from and after the date hereof and until all of the Company’s obligations hereunder and the Note are paid and performed in full, the Company shall not transfer, assign, sell, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise alienate or encumber the Buyer Trust Deed Notes in any way without the prior written consent of the Buyer. 
 4.2. During the period beginning on the Closing Date and ending on the date that the Buyer no longer owns any of the Securities, the Buyer will not directly or through an affiliate engage in any open market Short Sales (as defined below) of the Common Stock; provided; however, that unless and until the Company has affirmatively demonstrated by the use of specific evidence that the Buyer is engaging in open market Short Sales, the Buyer shall be assumed to be in compliance with the provisions of this Section and the Company shall remain fully obligated to fulfill all of its obligations under the Transaction Documents; and provided, further, that (i) the Company shall under no circumstances be entitled to request or demand that the Buyer either (A) provide trading or other records of the Buyer or of any party or (B) affirmatively demonstrate that the Buyer or any other party has not engaged in any such Short Sales in breach of these provisions as a condition to the Company’s fulfillment of its obligations under any of the Transaction Documents, (ii) the Company shall not assert the Buyer’s or any other party’s failure to demonstrate such absence of such Short Sales or provide any trading or other records of the Buyer or any other party as all or part of a defense to any breach of the Company’s obligations under any of the Transaction Documents, and (iii) the Company shall have no setoff right with respect to any such Short Sales.  As used herein, “Short Sale” has the meaning provided in Rule 3b-3 under the 1934 Act.
  
 

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 5. Conditions to the Company’s Obligation to Sell. The obligation of the Company hereunder to issue and sell the Securities to the Buyer at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the Closing Date, of each of the following conditions:
 5.1. The Buyer shall have executed this Agreement, the Buyer Trust Deed Notes, the Trust Deed and the Escrow Agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit G (the “Escrow Agreement”), and delivered the same to the Company.
 5.2. The Buyer shall have delivered the Purchase Price in accordance with Section 1.2 above.
 6. Conditions to the Buyer’s Obligation to Purchase. The obligation of the Buyer hereunder to purchase the Securities at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the Closing Date, of each of the following conditions, provided that these conditions are for the Buyer’s sole benefit and may be waived by the Buyer at any time in its sole discretion:
 6.1. The Company shall have executed this Agreement and delivered the same to the Buyer.
 6.2. The Company shall have delivered to the Buyer the duly executed Note in accordance with Section 1.2 above.
 6.3. The Company shall have executed and delivered to the Buyer a Request for Full Reconveyance (the “Request”) substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit F, and the Escrow Agreement.  The Escrow Agent under the Escrow Agreement shall also have executed and delivered to the Buyer the Escrow Agreement.
 6.4. The Irrevocable Letter of Instructions to Transfer Agent shall have been delivered to and acknowledged in writing by the Company’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”) substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit H.
 6.5. The Company shall have delivered to the Buyer a fully executed Secretary’s Certificate evidencing the Company’s approval of the Transaction Documents substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit I.
 6.6. The Company shall have delivered to the Buyer a fully executed Share Issuance resolution to be delivered to the Transfer Agent substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit J.
 6.7. The Company shall have delivered to the Buyer fully executed copies of the Security Agreement, and all other Transaction Documents required to be executed by the Company herein or therein.
 7. Reservation of Shares. At all times during which the Note is convertible, the Company will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the Note. The Company will at all times reserve at least three times the number of shares of Common Stock necessary to convert the total Outstanding Balance (as defined in and determined pursuant to the Note) of the Note (the “Share Reserve”), but in any event not less than 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock shall be reserved at all times for such purpose (the “Transfer Agent Reserve”). The Company further agrees that it will cause its transfer agent to immediately add shares of Common Stock to the Transfer Agent Reserve in increments of 10,000,000 shares as and when requested by the Buyer in writing from time to time, provided that such incremental increases do not 
 

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 cause the Transfer Agent Reserve to exceed the Share Reserve. In furtherance thereof, from and after the date hereof and until such time that the Note has been paid in full, the Company shall require its transfer agent to reserve for the purpose of issuance of Conversion Shares under the Note, a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Transfer Agent Reserve. The Company shall further require its transfer agent to hold such shares of Common Stock exclusively for the benefit of the Buyer and to issue such shares to the Buyer promptly upon the Buyer’s delivery of a conversion notice under the Note.
 8. Miscellaneous. The provisions set forth in this Section 8 shall apply to this Agreement, as well as all other Transaction Documents as if these terms were fully set forth therein.
 8.1. Cross Default. Any Event of Default (as defined in the Note) shall be deemed a default under this Agreement. Upon a default of this Agreement by the Company, the Buyer shall have all those rights and remedies available at law or in equity, including without limitation those remedies set forth in the Note.
 8.2. Governing Law; Venue. This Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Utah for contracts to be wholly performed in such state and without giving effect to the principles thereof regarding the conflict of laws. Each party consents to and expressly agrees that venue for Arbitration (as defined in Exhibit K) of any dispute arising out of or relating to any Transaction Document or the relationship of the parties or their affiliates shall be in Salt Lake County or Utah County, Utah. Without modifying the parties obligations to resolve disputes hereunder pursuant to the Arbitration Provisions (as defined below), for any litigation arising in connection with any of the Transaction Documents, each party hereto hereby (a) consents to and expressly submits to the exclusive personal jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in Salt Lake County, Utah, (b) expressly submits to the venue of any such court for the purposes hereof, and (c) waives any claim of improper venue and any claim or objection that such courts are an inconvenient forum or any other claim or objection to the bringing of any such proceeding in such jurisdictions or to any claim that such venue of the suit, action or proceeding is improper.
 8.3. Arbitration of Claims. The parties shall submit all Claims (as defined in Exhibit K) arising under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or other agreements between the parties and their affiliates to binding arbitration pursuant to the arbitration provisions set forth in Exhibit K attached hereto (the “Arbitration Provisions”). The parties hereby acknowledge and agree that the Arbitration Provisions are unconditionally binding on the parties hereto and are severable from all other provisions of this Agreement. Any capitalized term not defined in the Arbitration Provisions shall have the meaning set forth in this Agreement. By executing this Agreement, the Company represents, warrants and covenants that the Company has reviewed the Arbitration Provisions carefully, consulted with legal counsel about such provisions (or waived its right to do so), understands that the Arbitration Provisions are intended to allow for the expeditious and efficient resolution of any dispute hereunder, agrees to the terms and limitations set forth in the Arbitration Provisions, and that the Company will not take a position contrary to the foregoing representations. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Buyer may rely upon the foregoing representations and covenants of the Company regarding the Arbitration Provisions.
 8.4. Counterparts. Each Transaction Document may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one instrument. The parties hereto confirm that any electronic copy of another party’s executed counterpart of a Transaction Document (or such party’s signature page thereof) will be deemed to be an executed original thereof.
  
 

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 8.5. Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under any applicable statute or rule of law, then such provision shall be deemed inoperative to the extent that it may conflict therewith and shall be deemed modified to conform to such statute or rule of law. Any provision hereof which may prove invalid or unenforceable under any law shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof.
 8.6. Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement and the instruments referenced herein contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the matters covered herein and therein and, except as specifically set forth herein or therein, neither the Company nor the Buyer makes any representation, warranty, covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. No provision of this Agreement may be waived or amended other than by an instrument in writing signed by the parties hereto.
 8.7. Notices. Any notice required or permitted hereunder shall be given in writing (unless otherwise specified herein) and shall be deemed effectively given on the earliest of: (a) the date delivered, if delivered by personal delivery as against written receipt therefor or by e-mail to an executive officer, or by facsimile (with successful transmission confirmation), (b) the earlier of the date delivered or the third Trading Day after deposit, postage prepaid, in the United States Postal Service by certified mail, or (c) the earlier of the date delivered or the third Trading Day after mailing by express courier, with delivery costs and fees prepaid, in each case, addressed to each of the other parties thereunto entitled at the following addresses (or at such other addresses as such party may designate by five (5) calendar days’ advance written notice similarly given to each of the other parties hereto):
 If to the Company:
 

 Neah Power Systems, Inc.
 Attn: Gerard C. D'Couto
 22118 20th Avenue SE, Suite 142
 Bothell, Washington 98021
 

 If to the Buyer:
 

 Inter-Mountain Capital Corp.
 Attn: John Fife
 303 East Wacker Drive, Suite 1040
 Chicago, Illinois 60601 
 

 With a copy to (which copy shall not constitute notice): 
 

 Hansen Black Anderson Ashcraft PLLC
 Attn: Jonathan K. Hansen
 3051 West Maple Loop Drive, Suite 325
 Lehi, Utah 84043
 

 8.8. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement or any of the severable rights and obligations inuring to the benefit of or to be performed by the Buyer hereunder may be assigned by the Buyer to a third party, including its financing sources, in whole or in part, without the need to obtain the Company’s consent thereto. The Company may not assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement or delegate its duties hereunder without the prior written consent of the Buyer.
  
 

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 8.9. Survival. The representations and warranties of the Company and the agreements and covenants set forth in this Agreement shall survive the Closing hereunder notwithstanding any due diligence investigation conducted by or on behalf of the Buyer. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Buyer and all its officers, directors, employees, attorneys, and agents for loss or damage arising as a result of or related to any breach or alleged breach by the Company of any of its representations, warranties and covenants set forth in this Agreement or any of its covenants and obligations under this Agreement, including advancement of expenses as they are incurred.
 8.10. Further Assurances. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
 8.11. Buyer’s Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Liquidated Damages. All rights, remedies, and powers conferred in this Agreement and the Transaction Documents are cumulative and not exclusive of any other rights or remedies, and shall be in addition to every other right, power, and remedy that the Buyer may have, whether specifically granted in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, or existing at law, in equity, or by statute, and any and all such rights and remedies may be exercised from time to time and as often and in such order as the Buyer may deem expedient. The parties acknowledge and agree that upon the Company’s failure to comply with the provisions of the Transaction Documents, the Buyer’s damages would be uncertain and difficult (if not impossible) to accurately estimate because of the parties’ inability to predict future interest rates and future share prices, the Buyer’s increased risk, and the uncertainty of the availability of a suitable substitute investment opportunity for the Buyer, among other reasons. Accordingly, any fees, charges, and default interest due under the Transaction Documents are intended by the parties to be, and shall be deemed, liquidated damages. The parties agree that such liquidated damages are a reasonable estimate of the Buyer’s actual damages and not a penalty, and shall not be deemed in any way to limit any other right or remedy the Buyer may have hereunder, at law or in equity. The parties acknowledge and agree that under the circumstances existing at the time this Agreement is entered into, such liquidated damages are fair and reasonable and are not penalties. All fees, charges, and default interest provided for in the Transaction Documents are agreed to by the parties to be based upon the obligations and the risks assumed by the parties as of the Closing Date and are consistent with investments of this type. The liquidated damages provisions of the Transaction Documents shall not limit or preclude a party from pursuing any other remedy available at law or in equity; provided, however, that the liquidated damages provided for in the Transaction Documents are intended to be in lieu of actual damages.
 8.12. Ownership Limitation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents, if at any time the Buyer shall or would be issued shares of Common Stock under any of the Transaction Documents, but such issuance would cause the Buyer (together with its affiliates) to beneficially own a number of shares exceeding the Maximum Percentage (as defined in the Note), then the Company must not issue to the Buyer the shares that would cause the Buyer to exceed the Maximum Percentage. For purposes of this Section, beneficial ownership of Common Stock will be determined under Section 13(d) of the 1934 Act.
 8.13. Attorneys’ Fees and Cost of Collection. In the event of any action at law or in equity to enforce or interpret the terms of this Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents, the parties agree that the party who is awarded the most money shall be deemed the prevailing party for all purposes and shall therefore be entitled to an additional award of the full amount of the attorneys’ fees and expenses paid by such prevailing party in connection with the litigation and/or dispute without reduction or apportionment based upon the individual claims or defenses giving rise to the fees and 
 

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 expenses. Nothing herein shall restrict or impair a court’s power to award fees and expenses for frivolous or bad faith pleading. If (a) the Note is placed in the hands of an attorney for collection or enforcement prior to commencing legal proceedings, or is collected or enforced through any legal proceeding, or the Buyer otherwise takes action to collect amounts due under the Note or to enforce the provisions of the Note; or (b) there occurs any bankruptcy, reorganization, receivership of the Company or other proceedings affecting the Company’s creditors’ rights and involving a claim under the Note; then the Company shall pay the costs incurred by the Buyer for such collection, enforcement or action or in connection with such bankruptcy, reorganization, receivership or other proceeding, including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees and disbursements.
 8.14. Waiver. No waiver of any provision of this Agreement shall be effective unless it is in the form of a writing signed by the party granting the waiver. No waiver of any provision or consent to any prohibited action shall constitute a waiver of any other provision or consent to any other prohibited action, whether or not similar. No waiver or consent shall constitute a continuing waiver or consent or commit a party to provide a waiver or consent in the future except to the extent specifically set forth in writing.
 8.15. Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHTS SUCH PARTY MAY HAVE TO DEMAND THAT ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE PARTIES HERETO BE TRIED BY JURY. THIS WAIVER EXTENDS TO ANY AND ALL RIGHTS TO DEMAND A TRIAL BY JURY ARISING UNDER COMMON LAW OR ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, LAW, RULE OR REGULATION. FURTHER, EACH PARTY HERETO ACKNOWLEDGES THAT SUCH PARTY IS KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY WAIVING SUCH PARTY’S RIGHT TO DEMAND TRIAL BY JURY.
 8.16. Time of the Essence. Time is expressly made of the essence of each and every provision of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents.
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 9
 

 
 

 SUBSCRIPTION AMOUNT:
 

 Principal Amount of Note:
 $832,500.00
 

 Initial Cash Purchase Price:
 $150,000.00
 

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned Buyer and Company have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.
 

 BUYER:
 

 INTER-MOUNTAIN CAPITAL CORP.
 

 

 

 By: _________________________
        John M. Fife, President
 

 

 COMPANY:
 

 NEAH POWER SYSTEMS, INC.
 

 

 By:_________________                 ________
 Printed Name: _________________________
 Title: ___________              ______________
 

 

 

 ATTACHED EXHIBITS:
 

 Exhibit A
 Note
 Exhibit B
 Trust Deed
 Exhibit C
 Allocation of Purchase Price
 Exhibit D
 Form of Buyer Trust Deed Note
 Exhibit E
 Security Agreement
 Exhibit F
 Request
 Exhibit G
 Escrow Agreement
 Exhibit H
 Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions
 Exhibit I
 Secretary’s Certificate
 Exhibit J
 Share Issuance Resolution
 Exhibit K
 Arbitration Provisions
 

 

 

 

 

  
 

 

 
 EXHIBIT K 
 

 ARBITRATION PROVISIONS
 

 

 1. Dispute Resolution. For purposes of this Exhibit K, the term “Claims” means any disputes, claims, demands, causes of action, liabilities, damages, losses, or controversies whatsoever arising from related to or connected with the transactions contemplated in the Transaction Documents and any communications between the parties related thereto, including without limitation any claims of mutual mistake, mistake, fraud, misrepresentation, failure of formation, failure of consideration, promissory estoppel, unconscionability, failure of condition precedent, rescission, and any statutory claims, tort claims, contract claims, or claims to void, invalidate or terminate the Agreement or any of the other Transaction Documents. The parties hereby agree that the arbitration provisions set forth in this Exhibit K (“Arbitration Provisions”) are binding on the parties hereto and are severable from all other provisions in the Transaction Documents. As a result, any attempt to rescind the Agreement or declare the Agreement or any other Transaction Document invalid or unenforceable for any reason is subject to these Arbitration Provisions. These Arbitration Provisions shall also survive any termination or expiration of the Agreement.
 2. Arbitration. Except as otherwise provided herein, all Claims must be submitted to arbitration (“Arbitration”) pursuant to the terms set forth in these Arbitration Provisions. The parties agree that the award of the arbitrator shall be final and binding upon the parties; shall be the sole and exclusive remedy between them regarding any Claims, counterclaims, issues, or accountings presented or pleaded to the arbitrator; and shall promptly be payable in United States dollars free of any tax, deduction or offset (with respect to monetary awards). Any costs or fees, including without limitation attorneys’ fees, incident to enforcing the arbitrator’s award shall, to the maximum extent permitted by law, be charged against the party resisting such enforcement. The award shall include Default Interest (as defined in the Note) both before and after the award. Judgment upon the award of the arbitrator may be entered in any court of competent jurisdiction, or application may be made to such court for a judicial acceptance of the award or an order of enforcement. The parties hereby incorporate herein the provisions and procedures set forth in the Utah Uniform Arbitration Act, U.C.A. § 78B-11-101 et seq. (as amended or superseded from time to time, the “Arbitration Act”). In the event of conflict between the terms of these Arbitration Provisions and the provisions of the Arbitration Act, the terms of these Arbitration Provisions shall control. 
 3. Arbitration Proceedings. Arbitration between the parties will be subject to the following procedures:
 3.1. Pursuant to Section 110 of the Arbitration Act, the parties agree that a party may initiate Arbitration by giving written notice to the other party (“Arbitration Notice”) in the same manner that notice is permitted under Section 8.7 of the Agreement; provided, however, that the Arbitration Notice may not be given by email or fax. Arbitration will be deemed initiated as of the date that the Arbitration Notice is deemed delivered under Section 8.7 of the Agreement (the “Service Date”). After the Service Date, information may be delivered, and notices may be given, by email or fax pursuant to Section 8.7 of the Agreement. The Arbitration Notice must describe the nature of the controversy, the remedies sought, and the election to commence Arbitration proceedings. All Claims in the Arbitration Notice must be pleaded consistent with the Utah Rules of Civil Procedure.
 3.2. Within ten (10) calendar days after the Service Date, the Buyer shall select and submit to the Company the names of three arbitrators that are designated as “neutrals” or qualified arbitrators by Utah ADR Services (http://www.utahadrservices.com) (such three designated persons are referred to herein as the “Proposed Arbitrators”). Within ten (10) calendar days after the Buyer has submitted to the Company the names of the Proposed Arbitrators, the Company must select, by written notice to the Buyer, one (1) of the Proposed Arbitrators to act as the arbitrator for the parties under these Arbitration Provisions. If the Company fails to select one of the Proposed Arbitrators in writing within such 10-day period, then the Buyer may select the arbitrator from the Proposed Arbitrators by providing written notice of such selection to the Company. If the Buyer fails to identify the Proposed Arbitrators within the time period required above, then the Company may at any time prior to the Buyer designating the Proposed Arbitrators select one (1) arbitrator from Utah ADR Services by written notice to the Buyer. Subject to subparagraph 3.12 below, the cost of the arbitrator must be paid equally by both parties; provided, however, that if one party refuses or fails 
  
 Arbitration Provisions, Page 1
 

 
 
to pay its portion of the arbitrator fee, then the other party can advance such unpaid amount (subject to the accrual of Default Interest thereupon), with such amount added to or subtracted from, as applicable, the award granted by the arbitrator. If Utah ADR Services ceases to exist or to provide a list of neutrals, then the arbitrator shall be selected under the then prevailing rules of the American Arbitration Association. The date that the selected arbitrator agrees in writing to serve as the arbitrator hereunder is referred to herein as the “Arbitration Commencement Date”.
  
 3.3. An answer and any counterclaims to the Arbitration Notice, which must be pleaded consistent with the Utah Rules of Civil Procedure, shall be required to be delivered to the other party within twenty (20) calendar days after the Service Date. Upon request, the arbitrator is hereby instructed to render a default award, consistent with the relief requested in the Arbitration Notice, against a party that fails to submit an answer within such time period.
 3.4. The party that delivers the Arbitration Notice to the other party shall have the option to also commence legal proceedings with any state or federal court sitting in Salt Lake County, Utah (“Litigation Proceedings”), subject to the following: (i) the complaint in the Litigation Proceedings is to be substantially similar to the claims set forth in the Arbitration Notice, provided that an additional cause of action to compel arbitration may also be included therein, (ii) so long as the other party files an answer to the complaint in the Litigation Proceedings and an answer to the Arbitration Notice, the Litigation Proceedings will be stayed pending an award of the Arbitrator hereunder, (iii) if the other party fails to file an answer in the Litigation Proceedings or an answer in the Arbitration Proceedings, then the party initiating Arbitration shall be entitled to a default judgment consistent with the relief requested, to be entered in the Litigation Proceedings, and (iv) any legal or procedural issue arising under the Arbitration Act that requires a decision of a court of competent jurisdiction may be determined in the Litigation Proceedings. Any award of the arbitrator may be entered in such Litigation Proceedings pursuant to the Arbitration Act.
 3.5. Pursuant to Section 118(8) of the Arbitration Act, the parties agree that discovery shall be conducted in accordance with the Utah Rules of Civil Procedure; provided, however, that incorporation of such rules will in no event supersede the Arbitration Provisions set forth herein, including without limitation the time limitation set forth in Paragraph 3.9 below, and the following:
 (a) Discovery will only be allowed if the likely benefits of the proposed discovery outweigh the burden or expense, and the discovery sought is likely to reveal information that will satisfy a specific element of a claim or defense already pleaded in the Arbitration. The party seeking discovery shall always have the burden of showing that all of the standards and limitations set forth in these Arbitration Provisions are satisfied. The scope of discovery in the Arbitration proceedings shall also be limited as follows: 
 (i) To facts directly connected with the transactions contemplated by the Agreement.
 (ii) To facts and information that cannot be obtained from another source that is more convenient, less burdensome or less expensive.
 (b) No party shall be allowed (a) more than fifteen (15) interrogatories (including discrete subparts), (b) more than fifteen (15) requests for admission (including discrete subparts), (c) more than ten (10) document requests (including discrete subparts), or (d) more than three depositions (excluding expert depositions) for a maximum of seven (7) hours per deposition. 
 3.6. Any party submitting any written discovery requests, including interrogatories, requests for production, subpoenas to a party or a third party, or requests for admissions, must prepay the estimated attorneys’ fees and costs, as determined by arbitrator, before the responding party has any obligation to produce or respond.
 (a) All discovery requests must be submitted in writing to the arbitrator and the other party before issuing or serving such discovery requests. The party issuing the written discovery requests must include with such discovery requests a detailed explanation of how the proposed discovery requests satisfy the requirements of these Arbitration Provisions and the Utah Rules of Civil Procedure. Any party will then be allowed to submit to the arbitrator an estimate of the attorneys’ fees and costs associated with responding to such written discovery 
  
 Arbitration Provisions, Page 2
 

 
 
requests and a written challenge to each applicable discovery request. After receipt of an estimate of attorneys’ fees and costs and/or challenge to one or more discovery requests, the arbitrator will make a finding as to the likely attorneys’ fees and costs associated with responding to the discovery requests and issue an order that (A) requires the requesting the party to prepay the attorneys’ fees and costs associated with responding to the discovery requests, and (B) requires the responding party to respond to the discovery requests as limited by the arbitrator within a certain period of time after receiving payment from the requesting party. 
  
 (b)  In order to allow a written discovery request, the arbitrator must find that the discovery request satisfies the standards set forth in these Arbitration Provisions and the Utah Rules of Civil Procedure. The arbitrator must strictly enforce these standards. If a discovery request does not satisfy any of the standards set forth in these Arbitration Provisions or the Utah Rules of Civil Procedure, the arbitrator may modify such discovery request to satisfy the applicable standards, or strike such discovery request in whole or in part. 
 (c) The parties hereby agree that the following information is not directly connected with the Transaction Documents and thus are not discoverable: transactions with third parties (e.g., trading records not directly related to a conversion contemplated under the Agreement) or any information related to an affiliate of a party hereto. 
 (d) Discovery deadlines will be set forth in a scheduling order issued by the arbitrator. The parties hereby authorize and direct the arbitrator to take such actions and make such rulings as may be necessary to carry out the parties’ intent for the arbitration proceedings to be efficient and expeditious.
 3.7. Each party will be required to submit expert reports (and rebuttals thereto) by the deadlines established by the arbitrator. Expert reports must contain the following: (1) a complete statement of all opinions the expert will offer at trial and the basis and reasons for them; (2) the expert’s name and qualifications, including a list of all publications within the preceding 10 years, and a list of any other cases in which the expert has testified at trial or in a deposition or prepared a report within the preceding 10 years; and (4) the compensation to be paid for the expert’s study and testimony. The parties are entitled to depose any other party’s expert witness one time for no more than 4 hours. An expert may not testify in a party’s case-in-chief concerning any matter not fairly disclosed in the expert report.
 3.8. All information disclosed by either party during the Arbitration process (including without limitation information disclosed during the discovery process) shall be considered confidential in nature. Each party agrees not to disclose any confidential information received from the other party during the discovery process unless (i) prior to or after the time of disclosure such information becomes public knowledge or part of the public domain, not as a result of any inaction or action of the receiving party, (ii) such information is required by a court order, subpoena or similar legal duress to be disclosed if such receiving party has notified the other party thereof in writing and given it a reasonable opportunity to obtain a protective order from a court of competent jurisdiction prior to disclosure; or (iii) disclosed to the receiving party’s agents, representatives and legal counsel on a need to know basis who each agree in writing not to disclose such information to any third party. Pursuant to Section 118(5) of the Arbitration Act, any arbitrator selected is hereby authorized and directed to issue a protective order to prevent the disclosure of privileged information and confidential information upon the written request of either party.
 3.9. The parties hereby authorize and direct the arbitrator to take such actions and make such rulings as may be necessary to carry out the parties’ intent for the arbitration proceedings to be efficient and expeditious. Pursuant to Section 120 of the Arbitration Act, the parties hereby agree that an award of the arbitrator must be made within 150 days after the Arbitration Commencement Date. The arbitrator is hereby authorized and directed to hold a scheduling conference within ten (10) calendar days after the Arbitration Commencement Date in order to establish a scheduling order with various binding deadlines for discovery, expert testimony, and the submission of documents by the parties to enable the arbitrator to render a decision prior to the end of such 150-day period. The Utah Rules of Evidence will apply to any final hearing before the arbitrator.
 3.10. The arbitrator shall have the right to award or include in the arbitrator’s award any relief which the arbitrator deems proper in the circumstances, including, without limitation, specific performance and injunctive relief, provided that the arbitrator may not award exemplary or punitive damages.
  
 Arbitration Provisions, Page 3
 

 
 3.11. If any part of these Arbitration Provisions is found to violate applicable law or to be illegal, then such provision shall be modified to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision enforceable under applicable law.
 3.12. The arbitrator is hereby directed to require the losing party to (i) pay the full amount of the costs and fees of the arbitrator, and (ii) reimburse the prevailing party the reasonable attorneys’ fees, arbitrator costs, deposition costs, and other discovery costs incurred by the prevailing party.
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 Arbitration Provisions, Page 4

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