Document:

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                                                                     Exhibit 4.4

                                      THE
                        EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
                                RETIREMENT PLAN

                     AMENDED FOR IMPLEMENTATION JULY 1, 2003

<PAGE>

                               TABLE OF CONTENTS

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QUICK-REFERENCE INFORMATION

     Sponsor..........................................................................1
     Other Participating Employers....................................................1
     Plan Administrator...............................................................1
     Trustee..........................................................................1
     Appeals Authority................................................................1
     Length Of Service Required For Benefits (Vesting Schedule).......................1
     Plan Year Ends Every.............................................................2
     Plan Number......................................................................2

WELCOME TO THE PLAN!

     Introduction.....................................................................2
     Individual accounts..............................................................2
     Contributions....................................................................3
     Payments.........................................................................3
     Plan and summary plan description................................................3
     Ordinary names...................................................................3
     Effective Date...................................................................3

HOW YOU GET INTO THE PLAN

     Introduction.....................................................................4
     The eligibility requirements.....................................................4
     Actually getting in..............................................................4
     If things change.................................................................4

TRADING OFF YOUR PAY FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PLAN

     Introduction.....................................................................5
     How much you can trade off.......................................................5
     How to do it.....................................................................5
     Possible but unlikely limit......................................................6

MATCHING CONTRIBUTIONS

     Introduction.....................................................................6
     Special eligibility rule.........................................................6
     Rate of match....................................................................6
     Form of matching contribution....................................................7
     Reports..........................................................................7
     Investment.......................................................................7
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PROFIT SHARING CONTRIBUTIONS

     Introduction.....................................................................7
     Who shares in profit sharing contributions.......................................7
     How much you get.................................................................8
     Reports..........................................................................8

THE FORMER ESOP AND ESOP ACCOUNTS

     Introduction.....................................................................8
     Who has an ESOP account..........................................................8
     Who would share in ESOP contributions............................................8
     How much you get.................................................................9
     Reports..........................................................................9

INCOMING ROLLOVERS

     Introduction.....................................................................9
     Direct rollover..................................................................9
     Indirect rollover...............................................................10
     Rules applicable to both types of rollover......................................10
     Approval of plan administrator..................................................10
     Separate accounting.............................................................10

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE MONEY WHILE IT'S IN THE PLAN

     Introduction....................................................................10
     "Exclusive benefit".............................................................11
     Investment......................................................................11
     Recordkeeping...................................................................11
     Return of contributions.........................................................11

MAKING YOUR OWN INVESTMENT DECISIONS

     Introduction....................................................................11
     The choices.....................................................................12
     Getting information.............................................................12
     Implementing your choices.......................................................12
     Your responsibility.............................................................13

WHEN YOU RETIRE OR TERMINATE EMPLOYMENT

     Introduction....................................................................13
     Normal retirement after age 65..................................................13
     Early retirement after age 55...................................................13
     Disability......................................................................13
     Other termination of employment.................................................13
     Forfeitures.....................................................................14
     Some special rules about termination of employment..............................15

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WHEN PAYMENT IS ACTUALLY MADE

     Introduction....................................................................15
     General rule....................................................................15
     Your choices about timing.......................................................15
     Latest possible date to take the money (or stock)...............................15

HOW PAYMENT IS MADE

     Introduction....................................................................16
     All accounts not invested in employer stock fund................................16
     Accounts invested in employer stock fund........................................16
     Having the money transferred directly to another plan...........................17
     "Put" option....................................................................18

HOW TO CLAIM YOUR MONEY OR STOCK

     Introduction....................................................................18
     Pre-approved payments...........................................................18
     Making a formal claim...........................................................19
     Appeal..........................................................................19
     Discretionary authority.........................................................19

PAYMENT BEFORE TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT

     Introduction....................................................................20
     Withdrawal of after-tax contributions...........................................20
     Age 59 1/2......................................................................20
     Age 70 1/2......................................................................20
     Hardship........................................................................20
     Safe harbor.....................................................................20
     General eligibility rules.......................................................21
     Source of hardship distribution.................................................21
     Application.....................................................................21

BORROWING MONEY FROM YOUR ACCOUNTS

     Introduction....................................................................21
     Eligibility.....................................................................21
     Number..........................................................................22
     Amount..........................................................................22
     Promissory note.................................................................22
     Term............................................................................22
     Interest........................................................................22
     Source and application of funds.................................................22
     Repayment.......................................................................22
     Security........................................................................23
     Pre-payment.....................................................................23
     Default.........................................................................23
     How to apply....................................................................23
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IN CASE OF DEATH

     Introduction....................................................................24
     If you're married...............................................................24
     If you're not married...........................................................24
     Naming your beneficiary and getting spousal consent.............................24
     Claiming your accounts..........................................................25

CHILD SUPPORT, ALIMONY AND PROPERTY DIVISION IN DIVORCE

     Introduction....................................................................25
     What a domestic relations order is..............................................25
     What happens when a domestic relations order comes in...........................26

HOW THE LENGTH OF YOUR SERVICE IS CALCULATED

     Introduction....................................................................26
     12-Month periods................................................................27
     Becoming eligible for matching contributions....................................27
     Portion of your account.........................................................27
     Years of service................................................................27
     Full-time employees.............................................................27
     Part-time faculty...............................................................27
     Other part-time employees.......................................................27
     Working hours...................................................................27
     Non-working hours...............................................................27
     Back pay........................................................................28
     Breaks in service...............................................................28
     How breaks in service cancel years of service...................................28
     Service with related employers..................................................28

WHEN YOU RETURN FROM MILITARY SERVICE

     Introduction....................................................................29
     Break in service................................................................29
     401(k) contributions............................................................29
     Matching contributions..........................................................30
     Profit sharing contributions and ESOP contributions.............................30
     Your "pay.".....................................................................30
     Percentage of entitlement to employer accounts..................................30
     Limits and testing..............................................................30

WHAT THE PLAN ADMINISTRATOR DOES

     Introduction....................................................................31
     Reporting and disclosure........................................................31
     Bonding.........................................................................31
     Numerical testing...............................................................31

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     Prohibited transactions.........................................................31
     Expenses........................................................................31
     Limitation......................................................................32

WHAT THE EMPLOYER DOES

     Introduction....................................................................32
     Establishment...................................................................32
     Contributions...................................................................32
     Employment records..............................................................32
     Insurance and indemnification...................................................32
     Changing the plan...............................................................32
     Exceptions......................................................................33
     Ending the plan.................................................................33

MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF 401(K) CONTRIBUTIONS

     Introduction....................................................................34
     $10,500 limit...................................................................34
     If the $10,500 limit is exceeded................................................34
     Utilization test................................................................34
     Who the restricted employees are................................................34
     Special rules for former employees..............................................35
     Special rule for non-resident aliens............................................35
     Performing the utilization test.................................................35
     If the utilization test reveals a problem.......................................36
     Returning excess contributions..................................................36
     Combining plans.................................................................37

MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF MATCHING CONTRIBUTIONS

     Introduction....................................................................37
     Matching contributions by themselves............................................38
     Matching contributions in combination...........................................38
     If this test of matching contributions reveals a problem........................38

MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF TOTAL CONTRIBUTIONS

     Introduction....................................................................39
     25% of pay limit................................................................39
     If there's more than one defined contribution plan..............................39
     If there's also a defined benefit plan..........................................40
     Related employers...............................................................40

IMPROVEMENTS WHEN THE PLAN IS TOP-HEAVY

     Introduction....................................................................40
     Who is in the concentration group...............................................40
     Officers........................................................................40
     5% Owners.......................................................................41

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     1% Owners.......................................................................41
     1/2% Owners.....................................................................41
     Performing the concentration test...............................................41
     Defined benefit plans...........................................................41
     Defined contribution plans......................................................41
     Add-backs.......................................................................41
     Exclusions......................................................................41
     Concentration percentage........................................................42
     Exception.......................................................................42
     Changes if the plan is top heavy................................................42
     Benefits in the event of termination of employment before retirement............42
     Minimum contribution............................................................42
     Maximum amount of total contributions...........................................43

SPECIAL ESOP PROVISIONS

     Introduction....................................................................43
     The nature of an ESOP...........................................................43
     Investment......................................................................43
     "Employer securities."..........................................................44
     Voting..........................................................................45
     Diversification for those with three years of service...........................45
     Pre-retirement diversification..................................................46
     Amount of pre-retirement diversification........................................47
     How to elect diversification....................................................48
     What happens when you diversify.................................................48
     "Nonterminable" protections and rights..........................................48
     Non-allocation under Code section 409(n)........................................48

MISCELLANEOUS

     What "pay" or "compensation" means..............................................49
     Adding back salary reduction amounts............................................49
     Excluding extraordinary items...................................................49
     $170,000 limit on compensation..................................................49
     Leased employees................................................................49
     Family and medical leave........................................................50
     Changes in vesting schedule.....................................................50
     Non-Alienation..................................................................50
     Payments to minors..............................................................50
     Unclaimed benefits..............................................................50
     Plan assets sole source of benefits.............................................51
     No right to employment..........................................................51
     Profit sharing and stock bonus plan.............................................51
     Merger of plan..................................................................51
     Protection of benefits, rights, and features from previous edition of plan......51
     Governing law...................................................................51
     No PBGC Coverage................................................................51
     "Highly compensated employees.".................................................51
     Statement of ERISA rights.......................................................52

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SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR NEW PARTICIPATING EMPLOYERS

     Introduction....................................................................53
     Illinois Institute of Art.......................................................53
     New York Restaurant School......................................................53
     Art Institutes International Portland, Inc......................................53
     Massachusetts Communications College............................................54
     Art Institute of Charlotte......................................................54
     Art Institute of Las Vegas......................................................54
     Art Institute of California.....................................................55

Appendix A to the Education Management CORPORATION Retirement Plan...................55

APPENDIX B TO THE EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION RETIREMENT PLAN...................58

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                          QUICK-REFERENCE INFORMATION

Sponsor

Education Management Corporation
300 Sixth Avenue, Suite 800
Pittsburgh, PA  15222

Employer identification number assigned by the IRS: 25-1119571

Other Participating Employers

The other participating employers are listed on Appendix A, which appears at the
end of the plan

Plan Administrator

Education Management Corporation
300 Sixth Avenue, Suite 800
Pittsburgh, PA  15222

Telephone: (412) 562-0900

Trustee

Fidelity Management Trust Company
82 Devonshire Street
Boston, MA  02109

(Prior to the merger of the ESOP into the Retirement Plan,
the trustee of the assets of the ESOP was:
Marine Midland Bank
One Marine Midland Center, 17th Floor
P. O. Box 4567
Buffalo, NY 14240)

Appeals Authority

Education Management Corporation
300 Sixth Avenue, Suite 800
Pittsburgh, PA  15222

Length Of Service Required For Benefits (Vesting Schedule)

Less than 5 years of service           0%
5 years of service                   100%

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Because the vesting schedule was different before April 1, 2000, two special
rules apply:

         o First, the change in vesting schedule does not have the effect of
reducing anyone's vesting percentage. For example, if you had 3 years of service
before April 1, 2000 and therefore were 20% vested, you remain 20% vested even
under the new schedule.

         o Second, if you had at least 3 years of service before April 1, 2000,
you will always get the better of the old schedule or the new schedule. This
means, for example, that after a total of 4 years of service, you will advance
to being 40% vested (according to the old schedule) and after 5 years of
service, you will advance to being 100% vested (according to the new schedule).

Plan Year Ends Every  December 31

Plan Number  001

                              WELCOME TO THE PLAN!

         Introduction. This is the Retirement Plan sponsored by Education
Management Corporation, which we will call "the sponsor." It is maintained by
the sponsor and the other participating employers identified above in the
section called "Quick-Reference Information" under the heading "Other
Participating Employers."

         Please note: The sponsor used to maintain two separate plans -- the
         Retirement Plan and the Employee Stock Ownership Plan. To simplify
         administration and make it easier for you to understand your retirement
         benefits, they have now been consolidated into a single plan, and this
         is it.

         Individual accounts. Simply put, the plan consists of a series of
individual accounts set up for the employees who are in the plan. Actually, an
employee may have a number of different accounts:

         o a 401(k) account (if you choose to trade off pay for contributions to
the plan),

         o a match account (again, if you choose to trade off pay for
contributions to the plan),

         o a profit sharing account,

         o an ESOP account (if you are eligible to participate in the ESOP
portion of the plan), and

         o a rollover account (if you roll money into this plan from another
plan).

Employees who were in this plan (that is, the Retirement Plan) before May 1,
1992 and who made after-tax employee contributions also have an after-tax
contribution account for those after-tax employee contributions.

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         Contributions. Money goes into your 401(k) account if you choose to
trade off pay for a contribution to the plan. If you do, the employer matches
your 401(k) contributions (assuming you have completed one year of service, as
described later in the plan); the matching contributions go into your match
account.

         The employer is permitted (but not required) to make additional
contributions -- beyond your 401(k) contributions and any matching
contributions. Your share of any additional contributions goes into your profit
sharing account.

         Payments. While the money is in the plan, it is invested in accordance
with your investment instructions (except for any ESOP account, which is
invested in employer stock, subject to certain diversification rights). Then,
after you leave the company, you are entitled to all of the money and employer
stock in your 401(k) account (and any rollover account or after-tax employee
contribution account, if you have one). Depending on the length of your service,
you may be entitled to part or all of the money and employer stock in your match
account, your profit sharing account and your ESOP account.

         Please note: Federal law may require withholding or other taxes on the
         money that you are paid from this plan. The plan administrator will
         naturally comply with any such law. But for the sake of simplicity, we
         will say here in the plan that you will receive "all the money and
         stock." Just keep in mind that "all the money and stock" is before any
         required withholding or other taxes.

         Plan and summary plan description. The plan document -- that's what
this is -- sets out the rules for how and when you get into the plan, how and
when money goes into your accounts, what happens to the money while it's in the
plan, and how and when you can get the money out.

         This plan is written in simple, easy-to-understand language. Therefore,
it serves as both the plan document and the "summary plan description" required
by federal law.

         Ordinary names. Throughout the plan, we will refer to things by their
ordinary names. We will call this plan simply "the plan." We will call the
sponsor which is identified in the section called "Quick-Reference Information"
simply "the sponsor." When we say "employer," we mean the sponsor or one of the
other participating employers -- whichever one employs you. When we say "you,"
we mean you the employee (or former employee) who participates in the plan. When
we say "Code," we mean the federal Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as in effect
from time to time.

         There is one exception to this rule. From time to time, we will refer
to your "pay" or "compensation." Unfortunately, those terms have highly
technical meanings, which can change for different purposes under the plan. The
various technical definitions are set forth at the end of the plan under the
heading "Miscellaneous."

         Effective Date. This edition of the plan generally takes effect on July
1, 2003 and applies only to participants who have at least one hour of service
on or after that date. We say "generally" because there are a few provisions
that take effect on other dates; when those provisions come along, we will say
exactly when they take effect.

         This restatement of the Education Management Corporation Retirement
Plan is conditional upon approval by the Internal Revenue Service. Sometimes,
the IRS asks for minor, technical changes in order to give their approval, but
if any such changes are made, we will let you know.

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                           HOW YOU GET INTO THE PLAN

         Introduction. Before you can get any benefit from the plan, you have to
get into the plan. This part of the plan document explains how you get in.

         The eligibility requirements. There are three requirements in order to
be eligible to get into the plan:

         o First, you have to be an employee of the employer. Remember, when we
say "the employer," we mean the sponsor or one of the other participating
employers -- whichever one employs you. Independent contractors are not
employees of the employer, nor are workers whose services are leased from a
leasing organization (such as "temps"), and they are therefore not eligible for
the plan.

         o Second, you must be classified by the employer as a salaried,
clerical or hourly employee and must not be (a) matriculated in an employer with
an enrollment agreement (i.e., a student) or (b) a member of a collective
bargaining unit unless the collective bargaining agreement provides for
participation in this plan.

         o Third, you must have worked for the employer for 30 days.

         Any special arrangements that might be made for employees of new
participating employers are described at the end of the plan in the section
called "Special Arrangements for New Participating Employers."

         Actually getting in. As soon as you meet all of the eligibility
requirements at the same time, you are enrolled in the plan on the first of the
next month. Enrollment is automatic; you don't have to fill out any forms just
to get into the plan. But you do have to take action if you want to:

         o trade off pay for contributions to the plan, as explained in the
following section called "Trading Off Your Pay for Contributions to the Plan,"
or

         o direct the investment of your accounts into any investment option
other than the default investment option, as explained later in the section
called "Making Your Own Investment Decisions," or

         o name a beneficiary for any benefits that may be payable after your
death, as explained in the section called "In Case of Death."

         If things change. If at any time you cease to be an employee of the
employer or you cease to be employed in the classification of employees who are
eligible to get into the plan, then your participation in the plan ceases
immediately and automatically. (If you later return to

                                     - 4 -
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employment with the employer in the classification of eligible employees, you
will participate in the plan again immediately. It may be necessary to take
action to re-start your 401(k) contributions, as described in the next section.)

         Of course, after you leave the plan, you may still be entitled to
receive the money in your account. (We will discuss this later in the section
called "When You Retire or Terminate Employment.") And you remain entitled to
direct the investment of the money in your account until it is paid or
forfeited.

                     TRADING OFF YOUR PAY FOR CONTRIBUTIONS
                                  TO THE PLAN

         Introduction. You may have heard about plans called "401(k)" plans.
That's what this is. It offers you the opportunity to trade off your pay for
contributions to the plan. It is particularly attractive because, under the
current federal income tax law, you don't pay current federal income tax on the
amount of pay that you trade off for a contribution to the plan.

         Please note: While free from federal income tax, these amounts are
         still subject to Social Security tax (FICA) and state and local income
         tax in Pennsylvania and a few other states.

         How much you can trade off. You can trade off any percentage of your
pay, expressed in whole numbers, up to 15% of your pay.

         How to do it. If you would like to trade off some of your pay in return
for a contribution to the plan, get in touch with Fidelity, using the toll-free
number shown in the materials that you receive from Fidelity. You will authorize
the employer to reduce your pay by a certain percentage and, instead of paying
it to you in cash, to put that amount into your 401(k) account in the plan.

         There are several simple rules for making contributions by this method
(these rules were created by the IRS):

         o You must enter into an enforceable agreement with the employer to do
this. (This is handled by Fidelity, which forwards your authorization to the
employer to be implemented in the payroll system and sends you a confirmation in
the mail.)

         o The agreement only applies to pay that you earn after the agreement
is entered into. (In other words, you can't make this type of contribution
retroactively).

         o You can terminate the agreement at any time by notifying Fidelity,
but the agreement still applies to all pay that was earned while the agreement
was in effect. (In other words, you can't terminate the agreement
retroactively.)

                                     - 5 -
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         o You can change your agreement at any time, but the change will take
effect at the beginning of the following month.

         Whenever a contribution is made by this method, you will see it on your
pay stub. From this point forward in the plan, we will call these your "401(k)
contributions."

         Possible but unlikely limit. It is possible, though highly unlikely,
that contributions under this section of the plan would create a situation where
total contributions were greater than the amount permitted as a deduction under
the Code. If that were to happen, contributions under this section would be
limited (or, if already made, would be returned to the employer) beginning with
those that represent the greatest percentage of pay, so that the correction
would have the effect of imposing a maximum permissible percentage somewhat
lower than 15%. If any contributions made on your behalf under this section of
the plan are returned to the employer, of course they will promptly be paid to
you and will be treated as taxable income for the year in which they were
contributed to the plan.

                             MATCHING CONTRIBUTIONS

         Introduction. In order to encourage employees to make 401(k)
contributions (in other words, to encourage savings for retirement), the
employer agrees to make an additional contribution to the plan on your behalf if
you make 401(k) contributions. This is called a matching contribution and it is
an additional contribution on top of your pay.

         Special eligibility rule. Although you are eligible to make 401(k)
contributions on the first of the month after 30 days of employment with the
employer, you are not eligible for matching contributions until the next January
1 or July 1 after you have completed one year of service. This doesn't
necessarily mean 12 months. You may be credited with a "year of service" after
just 900 hours of service. This is explained later in the plan under the heading
"How the Length of Your Service Is Calculated."

         Rate of match. The employer agrees to make an additional contribution
to the plan of $1 for every dollar of 401(k) contributions that you choose to
make up to 3% of your pay plus $.50 for every dollar of 401(k) contributions
from 4% to 6% of your pay. Here is a table showing the match that would apply to
various levels of 401(k) contributions:

                401(k) Contributions                     Match
                --------------------                     -----
                          1%                             1%
                          2%                             2%
                          3%                             3%
                          4%                             3.5%
                          5%                             4%
                          6% - 15%                       4.5%

         Matching contributions are made each pay period. With one exception,
the matching contribution is calculated separately for each pay period, based on
your 401(k) contributions for

                                     - 6 -
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that pay period alone, not on a cumulative basis during the plan year. For
example, if your rate of 401(k) contributions is less than 6% for a particular
pay period (so you're not getting the maximum available matching contribution),
you can't make it up by boosting your rate to more than 6% in some future pay
period. And if your 401(k) contributions reach the dollar limit described later
in the plan in the section called "Maximum Amount of 401(k) Contributions" (and
therefore stop) before the end of the year, your matching contributions will
stop at the same time.

         As an exception, however, effective January 1, 1999, if you have
maintained a rate of 401(k) contributions of 6% or more throughout the plan year
but your matching contributions stop because you reach the dollar limit on
401(k) contributions before the end of the year, the employer will make a
"catch-up" matching contribution, as soon as administratively possible at the
end of the plan year, in whatever additional amount is necessary to provide you
with the maximum available matching contribution for the plan year.

         Form of matching contribution. Matching contributions will ordinarily
be made in cash. But there are two possible exceptions. First, the employer is
permitted (but not required) to make matching contributions in employer stock.
Second, if forfeitures from ESOP accounts are used to make the matching
contribution, either in whole or in part, those forfeitures may be applied
either in the form of employer stock or by selling the stock and applying them
in cash.

         Reports. The employer's matching contribution is added to your match
account. When the employer contributes in this manner, you will see it on your
periodic statements from the trustee, Fidelity.

         Investment. To the extent that the matching contribution is made in
employer stock, your match account will be shown as invested in employer stock.
Keep in mind that this is still your match account, not an "ESOP account," which
is something different that is explained later in the plan in the section called
"The Former ESOP and ESOP accounts." You can direct that the employer stock in
your match account be sold and the proceeds invested in one or more of the
available investment options, as explained later in the section called "Making
Your Own Investment Decisions."

                          PROFIT SHARING CONTRIBUTIONS

         Introduction. In addition to 401(k) contributions that you choose to
make, and the matching contributions that go with them, the employer can make
profit sharing contributions whenever it chooses to do so. The employer is under
no obligation to contribute to the plan in this manner. If the employer
contributes in this manner, its contribution is on top of your pay. That is, the
employer makes the contribution out of its own money; you don't have to trade
off any pay to get it. We will call these "profit sharing contributions."

         Who shares in profit sharing contributions. If the employer makes a
profit sharing contribution, the amount is allocated as of the last day of the
plan year (currently, December 31) among the individual accounts of all the
participants in the plan who meet all three of these requirements:

                                     - 7 -
<PAGE>

         o you have become eligible to receive matching contributions by the
last day of that plan year and

         o you completed a year of service during that plan year (see "How the
Length of Your Service Is Calculated," later in the plan, for what constitutes a
"year of service") and

         o you were employed by the employer on the last day of the plan year,
currently December 31 (or you retired during the year, became disabled during
the year or died during the year).

         Keep in mind that only employees who have become eligible for matching
contributions are entitled to share in profit sharing contributions. If you do
not become eligible for matching contributions until January 1, you do not share
in the profit sharing contributions for the preceding year.

         How much you get. Profit sharing contributions are divided in
proportion to each employee's pay from the employer during that year -- so
everybody gets an amount equal to the same percentage of pay added to his or her
account.

         Reports. A profit sharing contribution by the employer is added to your
profit sharing account. When the employer contributes in this manner, you will
see it on your periodic statements from the trustee, Fidelity.

                            THE FORMER ESOP AND ESOP
                                    ACCOUNTS

         Introduction. The ESOP loan has been paid off, so no more ESOP
contributions by the employer are contemplated (as explained near the end of the
plan in the section called "Special ESOP Provisions"). But participants may
still have ESOP accounts, reflecting contributions to the ESOP when it was a
separate plan, so it is useful to describe ESOP accounts.

         Who has an ESOP account. Not everyone in the plan has an ESOP account.
There are two categories of employees who have ESOP accounts:

         o Everyone who had an account in the Education Management Corporation
Employee Stock Ownership Plan before it was merged into this plan, effective
April 7, 1999, still has an ESOP account. It is the same account that he or she
had under the ESOP; now it is maintained under this plan instead.

         o Everyone who received an allocation of ESOP contributions or
forfeitures through the end of 1999 or receives an allocation of ESOP
forfeitures after 1999 also has an ESOP account, in which those ESOP
contributions or forfeitures are held.

         Who would share in ESOP contributions. Though no more employer
contributions are contemplated for the ESOP portion of the plan, this section
describes how an employer contribution would be allocated among participants if
it were to be made. ESOP contributions

                                     - 8 -
<PAGE>

would be allocated as of the last day of the plan year (currently, December 31)
among the ESOP accounts of employees in the plan who meet all of these
requirements:

         o You were employed on the last day of the plan year by an employer
that participates in the ESOP feature of the plan (or you retired from such an
employer during the year, became disabled from such an employer during the year,
or died during the year while employed by such an employer).

         Please note: Not all employers who participate in the 401(k) feature of
         the plan participate in the ESOP feature. To find out if your employer
         participates in the ESOP feature, look at the list of participating
         employers on Appendix A at the end of this plan: employers that do not
         participate in the ESOP are denoted with an asterisk.

         o You have become eligible to receive matching contributions by the
last day of that year.

         o You completed a year of service during that plan year (see "How the
Length of Your Service Is Calculated," later in the plan, for what constitutes a
"year of service").

         Keep in mind that only employees who have become eligible for matching
contributions are entitled to share in ESOP contributions. If you do not become
eligible for matching contributions until January 1, you do not share in any
ESOP contributions for the preceding year.

         How much you get. ESOP contributions would be divided in proportion to
each eligible employee's pay from the employer during that year -- so everybody
would get an amount equal to the same percentage of pay added to his or her ESOP
account. (If you are still technically employed by the sponsor or another
employer that participates in the ESOP, so that you would be entitled to share
in ESOP contributions or forfeitures, but some of your pay comes from another
employer that does not participate in the ESOP feature, your pay from both
employers would be taken into account for this purpose.)

         Reports. Your share of ESOP contributions would be added to your ESOP
account as of the last day of the plan year. You would see the amount on your
statements from the trustee, Fidelity.

                               INCOMING ROLLOVERS

         Introduction. There is one other way that money can come into the plan
for you. That is when money is transferred from another plan. It is called a
"rollover," and this section will explain how it works.

         Direct rollover. If you are entitled to get money from a pension,
profit sharing or stock bonus plan, and it constitutes an "eligible rollover
distribution" under the Code, that plan must offer you the opportunity to have
the money transferred directly to another plan (instead of paid to you in cash)
if you can find a plan that will take it.

                                     - 9 -
<PAGE>

         This plan will take a direct transfer of that type, if all of the other
rules of this section are met. (This is what the law calls a "direct rollover.")

         Indirect rollover. Instead of choosing a direct rollover from that
other plan to this plan, you may choose to take the money in cash from that
other plan. If you do, and you get what the law calls an "eligible rollover
distribution," you can still make a rollover to this plan if:

         o you deliver a check to the plan administrator not later than the 60th
day after you received the money from the other plan, or

         o put the money in a "conduit" individual retirement account within 60
days after you received the money from the other plan, never make any other
contributions to that conduit IRA, and then transfer all of that money to this
plan; and

         o  all of the other rules of this section are met.

         The rules of the Code for indirect rollovers are very strict and can be
very tricky. This plan does not attempt to explain those rules. You should
consult the tax advisor of your choice.

         Rules applicable to both types of rollover. This plan will not accept
any rollover that does not comply with the requirements of the Code. Foremost
among them is the requirement that the rollover come from a pension, profit
sharing or stock bonus plan that is qualified under section 401(a) of the Code.

         In addition, this plan is set up to be generally exempt from the joint
and survivor annuity rules of the Code. This plan will not accept any transfer
of assets from another plan if the effect would be to make this a "transferee
plan" subject to those rules.

         Approval of plan administrator. If you would like to make a rollover to
this plan, get in touch with the trustee (Fidelity), which can give you the
forms. The plan administrator has complete authority to deny any requested
rollover if the person requesting the rollover is unable or unwilling to satisfy
the plan administrator that the rollover complies with these rules and will not
jeopardize the intended status and operation of the plan.

         Separate accounting. If the plan accepts a rollover on your behalf,
that rollover will be put into a separate account for you -- separate from your
401(k) account, your match account, your profit sharing account and your ESOP
account (if any).

                           WHAT HAPPENS TO THE MONEY
                             WHILE IT'S IN THE PLAN

         Introduction. As required by law, the individual accounts of the
employees in the plan are held in trust by the trustee identified at the
beginning of the plan in the section called "Quick-Reference Information" under
the heading "Trustee." A trust is a pool of assets held by an individual or
company (such as a bank) who is called the "trustee." All contributions to the
plan are paid to the trustee.

                                     - 10 -
<PAGE>

         "Exclusive benefit." The trustee holds the assets of the plan for the
exclusive benefit of the employees in the plan -- that is, exclusively for the
purposes of providing benefits to participants and beneficiaries of the plan and
defraying the reasonable expenses of administering the plan.

         Investment. Assets held by the trustee are invested by the trustee in
accordance with the terms of the plan. Except for ESOP accounts, the plan gives
you free choice among a number of different investment funds (as described in
the following section of the plan). ESOP accounts are invested in employer
stock, subject to diversification rights under certain circumstances, as
described in more detail near the end of the plan in the section called "Special
ESOP Provisions."

         Recordkeeping. Though the money is all pooled together for investment
purposes, you still have one or more individual accounts. The plan administrator
is responsible for keeping track of your individual accounts.

         The investments are valued daily. But the government requires us to say
here that the plan administrator will figure out the total value of the
investments of the plan at the end of every year. If the value has gone up since
the last valuation, then all of the accounts will be increased in the same
proportion. If the value has gone down since the last valuation, then all of the
accounts will be decreased in the same proportion. The plan administrator will
give you periodic reports of the value of your account.

         Return of contributions. Except for a few unusual circumstances, once
the employer puts money into the plan, the money can never come back to the
employer. Here are the exceptions:

         o If the employer made the contribution by mistake of fact, then it can
be returned within 1 year after the contribution was made.

         o All contributions by the employer are made on the condition that they
are deductible by the employer for federal income tax purposes. If any part of a
contribution is disallowed, that part of the contribution can be returned to the
employer within 1 year after disallowance of the deduction.

         o If this plan fails to qualify initially for favorable tax treatment
under the Code, then all contributions can be returned to the employer, as long
as an application for determination on the plan was filed with the Internal
Revenue Service by the due date of the employer's return for the taxable year in
which the plan was adopted.

                      MAKING YOUR OWN INVESTMENT DECISIONS

         Introduction. This plan allows you to have considerable control over
how your money is invested. This section of the plan will explain how you do it.
Keep in mind that this section applies to all of your accounts except your ESOP
account, which is invested in employer stock (but can be diversified under
certain circumstances), as described in more detail near the end of the plan in
the section called "Special ESOP Provisions."

                                     - 11 -
<PAGE>

         The choices. The plan offers a number of choices. They are listed on
Appendix B, which is a separate sheet that forms a part of this plan and which
also includes a brief description of each alternative (taken from information
published by Fidelity).

         The choices may change from time to time. When they do, you will be
given a new Appendix B showing all of the choices that are in effect after the
change is made. As described in Appendix B, employer stock has been made a
permitted investment choice. In this plan, we use the term "employer stock fund"
to refer to any portion of your account (including your ESOP accounts as well as
your other accounts) that is invested in employer stock.

         Please note: If matching contributions are made in employer stock, your
         match account will be invested in employer stock to that extent, rather
         than in any of the investments shown on Appendix B. But you may direct
         the trustee at any time to sell the employer stock and re-invest the
         proceeds in one or more of the investments shown on Appendix B, as
         explained below under the heading "Implementing your choices."

         Also please note: The plan administrator currently tracks investments
         in employer stock in terms of the number of shares of stock credited to
         your account. Throughout this plan, you will see examples using share
         numbers and other references to share amounts. At some point in the
         future, the plan administrator may decide that it is appropriate to
         "unitize" the employer stock fund. If this is done, your interest in
         employer stock will be reported to you as units rather than shares. The
         units will still represent an investment in shares of employer stock;
         it's just that this investment will be tracked in a different way. You
         will be notified if this change is made to the plan's method of
         accounting for employer stock.

         Getting information. The plan administrator cannot tell you which
investment choice is best for you; that is your decision alone, and the plan
administrator is not licensed as an investment advisor.

         But the plan administrator will provide you with more specific
information about the choices, including exactly what each fund is invested in,
who runs each fund, and how each fund has performed in the past. We hope this
information will be helpful to you in making your choices.

         Implementing your choices. When you first join the plan, you will make
your investment choices by contacting the trustee, Fidelity, at the toll-free
number shown in the materials that you receive from Fidelity. After joining the
plan, you can change your investment choices whenever you like during normal
business hours. Just call Fidelity at the toll-free number shown in the
materials that you receive from Fidelity. A representative will guide you
through making the change.

         If for any reason there is no current investment direction on file for
         you with the trustee, the plan hereby requires that your accounts
         (other than your ESOP account, if any) be invested in the Managed
         Income Portfolio, and neither the plan administrator nor the trustee
         nor any other fiduciary of the plan shall have any authority or
         discretion to direct otherwise. The same applies to any portion of your
         investment direction that becomes out of date, such as if you have
         chosen a particular fund and that fund is no longer offered (unless a
         substitute fund is automatically provided).

                                     - 12 -
<PAGE>

         Your responsibility. In return for complete freedom to choose how your
accounts are invested among the available investment funds, you take complete
responsibility for your choices. No one else is responsible for helping you or
keeping you from making bad decisions. In fact, no one monitors your decisions
at all.

         This plan is designed to take advantage of section 404(c) of the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, which means that
the plan administrator and the trustee and all other fiduciaries of the plan are
relieved of any and all responsibility for the investment decisions that you
make.

                          WHEN YOU RETIRE OR TERMINATE
                                   EMPLOYMENT

         Introduction. This is a retirement plan. The purpose is for both you
and the employer to save for your retirement. This section will explain when you
can get your money and employer stock.

         Normal retirement after age 65. If your employment with the employer
terminates any time on or after your 65th birthday, you are entitled to all the
money and employer stock in your 401(k) account, match account, and profit
sharing account, as well as all of the money and employer stock in your
after-tax contribution account and rollover account, if you have them. In
addition, you are entitled to all of the stock and cash in your ESOP account.

         Early retirement after age 55. If your employment with the employer
terminates any time before age 65 but after age 55 and you have completed at
least 5 years of service, you are entitled to all the money and employer stock
in your 401(k) account, match account, and profit sharing account, as well as
all of the money and employer stock in your after-tax contribution account and
rollover account, if you have them. In addition, you are entitled to all of the
stock and cash in your ESOP account. (To figure out your length of service, see
the section entitled "How Your Length Of Service Is Calculated.")

         Disability. If you become totally and permanently disabled, then you
are entitled to all the money and employer stock in your 401(k) account, match
account, and profit sharing account, as well as all of the money and employer
stock in your after-tax contribution account and rollover account, if you have
them. In addition, you are entitled to all of the stock and cash in your ESOP
account.

         For this purpose, "totally and permanently disabled" means that, in the
opinion of a physician selected by the plan administrator, you are unable to
engage in any substantially gainful activity by reason of any medically
determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in
death or to be of long, continued and indefinite duration.

         Other termination of employment. If your employment with the employer
terminates before normal or early retirement or disability (as just described),
you are entitled to receive all

                                     - 13 -
<PAGE>

the money and employer stock in your 401(k) account, as well as all of the money
and employer stock in your after-tax contribution account and rollover account,
if you have them.

         In addition, you are entitled to receive part or all of the money and
employer stock in your match account, your profit sharing account, and your ESOP
account (if you have them) if you completed enough years of service to become
vested. At the beginning of the plan, in the section called "Quick-Reference
Information," under the heading "Length Of Service Required For Benefits," there
is a table showing what percentage of these accounts you get. (To figure out
your length of service, see the section entitled "How Your Length Of Service Is
Calculated.")

         Forfeitures. Any portion of your accounts that you are not entitled to
when your employment terminates is forfeited. If you are not vested at all,
forfeiture occurs when your employment terminates, because you are considered to
have taken your entitlement (which is zero) at that time. If you are partially
vested, forfeiture occurs (a) whenever you take the portion that you are
entitled to or (b) otherwise when you have five consecutive break in service
years. (With respect to your ESOP account, forfeitures are taken first from any
cash in your account; they are taken from stock allocated to your account only
as a last resort.)

         If you are later re-employed, the amount of the forfeiture (with no
adjustment for subsequent gains, losses, or expenses) will be restored to your
accounts if, and only if, you re-pay the full amount that you previously
received from the plan. Re-payment must be made within 5 years after you are
first re-employed and before you suffer 5 break in service years in a row (as
described below under the heading "How The Length Of Your Service Is
Calculated").

         The money or stock to restore each of your accounts (match, profit
sharing or ESOP) will come from forfeitures from accounts of the same type
occurring during the same year when restoration is required, to the extent that
such forfeitures are available. If not, forfeitures from different types of
accounts may be used. If forfeitures in total are inadequate, the employer will
contribute the balance in cash. Effective January 1, 2000, any balance of
forfeitures during a plan year in excess of what is necessary to restore
accounts during that year will be applied as follows:

         o Forfeitures from profit sharing accounts will be applied toward the
employer's obligation to contribute under the plan and allocated in the same
manner as required employer contributions, thus reducing the amount of cash
contribution necessary from the employer to make the required contributions.
(This change was previously made effective December 28, 1999.)

         o Forfeitures from matching accounts and ESOP accounts will be applied
in one of the following two ways: (i) forfeitures from both types of accounts
will be applied toward the employer's obligation to contribute under the plan
and allocated in the same manner as required employer contributions, thus
reducing the amount of cash contribution necessary from the employer to make the
required contributions or (ii) forfeitures from match accounts will be applied
toward the employer's obligation to make matching contributions and allocated as
if they were matching contributions, thus reducing the amount of cash
contribution necessary from the employer to make the required matches, and
forfeitures from ESOP accounts will be allocated as if they were ESOP
contributions. For the 2000 plan year, method (i) will be used. For plan year
2001 and future years, the sponsor will decide before the plan year begins
whether method (i) or method (ii) will be used for that plan year. (The sponsor
will be exercising its authority to change the plan, as described in the section
called "What the Employer Does," under the heading "Changing the plan.") For
plan year 2001 and future years, if for any reason the sponsor has not acted
before the plan year begins, method (ii) will be used for that plan year.

                                     - 14 -
<PAGE>

         Some special rules about termination of employment. When we say your
"employment with the employer terminates," we mean that you are no longer
employed by any employer that participates in the plan nor by any other member
of the controlled group of trades or businesses (as described later in the plan
under the heading "How The Length Of Your Service Is Determined"). In addition,
we mean that you have a "separation from service" that permits you to receive
your 401(k) contributions under the rules of section 401(k) of the Code and the
regulations under that section.

                         WHEN PAYMENT IS ACTUALLY MADE

         Introduction. The preceding section described what you are entitled to
when you retire or your employment terminates for some other reason. This
section will go on to describe when payment is actually made, which depends on a
number of factors.

         General rule. Payment is made as soon as administratively possible
after your termination of employment. If payment is made because you have become
totally and permanently disabled (as described in the preceding section),
payment is made as soon as it is determined that you have suffered total and
permanent disability. This applies to all your accounts: your 401(k) account,
after-tax account, and rollover account (if you have them), as well as your
match account, profit sharing account, and ESOP account (to the extent you are
vested, of course).

         As an exception to the general rule that this edition of the plan
applies only to participants who complete at least one hour of service on or
after August 1, 2001, this section of the plan will be applied to all
participants who have not yet received distribution of their ESOP accounts as of
August 1, 2001, no matter when their employment terminated.

         Your choices about timing. If your entitlement is $5,000 or less, you
do not have any choices about timing. You must take the money (or stock) when
you are first entitled to payment. (For distributions before March 22, 1999,
there was an additional rule that your entitlement was never more than $5,000 on
the occasion of any previous distribution.) If your entitlement is $5,000 or
less, the plan administrator will notify you and, if you don't initiate a
withdrawal by calling the trustee, will direct the trustee to pay you your
entitlement.

         But if your entitlement is more than $5,000, payment will not be made
unless and until you apply for it. This gives you some ability to postpone
payment. When you want to take the money (or stock), start the process by
calling the trustee (Fidelity) at (800) 835-5092. The process is described later
in the plan in the section called "How to Claim Your Money or Stock."

         The law says that, after your employment terminates, you must receive
the money (or stock) no later than 60 days after the close of the plan year in
which your employment terminated (or you attain age 65, if later) unless you
choose not to take it. If you don't apply for the money by that date, we will
interpret your silence as your choice not to take the money yet.

         Latest possible date to take the money (or stock). While you have some
ability to postpone payment of your benefit, you can't postpone it forever. Once
your employment has

                                     - 15 -
<PAGE>

terminated and you have reached age 70 1/2, you must at least begin to take the
money by April 1 of the following year (that is, April 1 of the year following
the year in which your employment with the employer terminates or you attain age
70 1/2, whichever comes later). Then you must take more by the end of that plan
year and every following plan year on a schedule that does not extend beyond
your life expectancy (or the joint life expectancies of you and your designated
beneficiary). Life expectancy is determined by tables issued by the Internal
Revenue Service and will be re-determined every year. (Of course, you may take
all the money to which you are entitled at any time after age 70 1/2; you need
not string it out.)

         Please note: There is a stricter rule for 5% owners. Any employee who
         is a 5% owner upon attainment of age 70 1/2 must begin to take the
         money by April 1 of the following year even if he or she remains
         employed.

         The plan administrator will pay you whatever is necessary to comply
with this provision of the law (section 401(a)(9) of the Code, including the
"minimum incidental death benefit" rules) even if you don't apply for payment.
Payments that are required to be made under this section can not be transferred
to another plan in a direct rollover.

                              HOW PAYMENT IS MADE

         Introduction. When your employment has terminated and the time comes
for payment, the next question is, In what form is the payment made? This
section will answer that question.

         All accounts not invested in employer stock fund. The form of payment
for all of your account that is not invested in the employer stock fund is
payment in a single sum by check made payable to you. (If any of your match
account remains invested in employer stock, the trustee will sell the stock and
distribute the cash.)

         Please note: Before August 1, 2001, there was an alternative available
for those who were members of the Retirement Plan before May 1, 1992, namely,
the purchase of an annuity contract. Due to a change in the regulations, that
alternative is eliminated from this edition of the plan, effective with respect
to annuity starting dates later than 90 days after you receive notification of
this change by way of a "summary of material modifications" (or annuity starting
dates on or after January 1, 2003, if that comes first). If that alternative
still applies to you and you would like to receive your benefit in the form of
an annuity, see the previous edition of the plan in the section called
"Alternative Form of Payment for Grandfathered Members."

         Accounts invested in employer stock fund. Any part of your account that
is invested in the employer stock fund will be paid to you in employer stock,
except that any remaining partial share is paid in cash. Employer stock will be
paid either by having the stock issued in your name and sending the actual stock
certificate to you or your account at some institution or, if the trustee can do
it, by making a wire transfer to a brokerage account that you designate. You may
choose, however, to have your employer stock sold and receive a payment of the
money instead of the stock.

         You may take payment of your ESOP account in a single payment. Or, if
you prefer, you may take your ESOP account in annual installments over two,
three, four or five years. If you

                                     - 16 -
<PAGE>

take it in installments, each annual payment is equal to the amount in your
account, divided by the number of remaining payments. For example, if you chose
to take your ESOP account in annual installments over five years, when the first
payment was to be made, there would be 5 remaining payments, so you would get
1/5 of the amount in your account at that time. The next year, there would be 4
remaining payments, so you would get 1/4 of the amount in your account at that
time. Eventually, in the fifth year, there would be only 1 remaining payment, so
you would get 1/1 (that is, all) of the amount in your account at that time.

         After receiving stock from the trustee, it's yours to keep or sell on
the open market, as you see fit. (The stock is publicly traded.)

         If you are required to take part of your account out of the plan
because of the rules explained in the previous section under the heading "Latest
possible date to take the money (or stock)," the requirement will be met first
by taking money out of accounts other than your ESOP account. But if the
requirement cannot be satisfied without taking stock out of your ESOP account,
you will be offered the opportunity to take the amount of stock necessary to
satisfy the requirement. If you do not do so, however, the trustee will be
forced to sell enough stock to satisfy the requirement and then will pay you in
cash. (As an exception to the general rule that this edition of the plan applies
only to participants who complete at least one hour of service on or after
August 1, 2001, this paragraph will be applied to all participants who are
required to take distributions on or after August 1, 2001, no matter when their
employment terminated.)

         Having the money transferred directly to another plan. Rather than
taking the money (or stock) and paying taxes on it when the time comes for
payment, you may be able to make a "direct rollover" to another plan. Direct
rollovers can be made to plans of these types:

         o a pension, profit sharing or stock bonus plan that is qualified under
section 401(a) of the Code, or

         o an individual retirement account or individual retirement annuity
(IRA), or

         o an annuity plan described in section 403(a) of the Code.

This might happen, for example, if you get another job and the plan of your new
employer will accept the transfer. Naturally, this plan will not make the
transfer if the other plan will not accept it.

         All payments from this plan are eligible for direct rollover except the
following:

         o any payment to the extent that it is required because you have
reached age 70 1/2,

         o effective for payments after 1999, any hardship distribution of
401(k) contributions, and

         o any payment under an annuity contract that has been purchased for and
given to you as described near the end of the plan in the section called
"Alternative Form of Payment for Grandfathered Members."

         If the money that you are about to receive is eligible for direct
rollover to another plan, the plan administrator will notify you and give you at
least 30 days to decide whether you would like to have a direct rollover to
another plan. On the other hand, you don't have to wait 30 days;

                                     - 17 -
<PAGE>

you may take the money or do the direct rollover as soon as 7 days after
receiving notification from the plan administrator, as long as you sign the
appropriate form waiving your right to consider your decision for 30 days.

         "Put" option. In the unusual event that the stock of Education
Management Corporation that you receive is subject to a restriction under any
federal or state securities law, any regulation thereunder, or an agreement
affecting the security, that would make the security not as freely tradable as a
security not subject to restriction, you are entitled to make Education
Management Corporation buy the stock back from you for cash. This is officially
known as a "put option" and it also applies to any beneficiary of yours. Here
are the rules:

         o You can exercise the put option at any time within 60 days after you
get the stock or during a corresponding window period of 60 days during the
following plan year. (The time will be extended by any period during which
Education Management Corporation is prohibited by law from buying the stock back
from you.)

         o You exercise your put option by notifying Education Management
Corporation in writing.

         o Education Management Corporation will buy the stock back from you at
fair market value, as determined by the ESOP Committee. Or, with the consent of
Education Management Corporation, the trustee may buy the stock back from you at
fair market value.

         o If the stock was distributed to you within a single taxable year and
represented your complete entitlement under the plan, payment for your stock
will be made in substantially equal installments (at least annually) over a
period of not more than 5 years, as chosen by the purchaser, with the first
payment within 30 days after you exercise the put option. The unpaid
installments will bear a reasonable rate of interest and will be adequately
secured by the purchaser.

         o On the other hand, if the stock is coming to you in installments,
payment for your stock will be made within 30 days after you exercise the put
option with respect to each installment.

                        HOW TO CLAIM YOUR MONEY OR STOCK

         Introduction. This section of the plan describes how to get your money
when the time comes.

         Pre-approved payments. The plan administrator keeps the trustee
(Fidelity) up to date about the employment status, vesting status, etc., of
participants in the plan. That means, when the time comes for you to get your
money, you can (and should) simply call Fidelity.

         Based on the information already in your file from the plan
administrator, Fidelity will talk with you about the options that are available.
When you decide what you would like to do, Fidelity will provide you with the
application forms. Complete and return them to Fidelity. If the

                                     - 18 -
<PAGE>

information on file at Fidelity shows that you are entitled to payment,
Fidelity will simply make the payment:

         o For all payments other than in employer stock, you can expect to
receive payment from Fidelity within 7 to 10 days.

         o For employer stock distributions, payments will be processed on the
5th and the 20th day of each month. It takes Fidelity about 4 to 6 weeks to
issue a paper stock certificate. If you would prefer a wire transfer to a
brokerage account of your choosing, ask Fidelity whether wire transfers are
available. If so, Fidelity will provide you with the necessary information. Wire
transfers (if available) can be made in 7 to 10 days.

         Making a formal claim. If for any reason Fidelity does not give you a
payment that you believe you are entitled to, or if you have any other type of
claim under the plan, you need to make a formal claim to the plan administrator.
Write to the plan administrator at the address shown at the beginning of the
plan in the section called "Quick-Reference Information" explaining what you
want and why you believe you are entitled to it.

         If your claim is granted, the plan administrator will get in touch with
Fidelity to make sure that payment is made. If your claim is denied, the plan
administrator will respond to you in writing, point out the specific reasons and
plan provisions on which the denial is based, describe any additional
information needed to complete the claim, and describe the appeal procedure.

         Appeal. If your claim is denied and you disagree and want to pursue the
matter, you must file an appeal in accordance with the following procedure. You
cannot take any other steps unless and until you have exhausted the appeal
procedure. For example, if your claim is denied and you do not use the appeal
procedure, the denial of your claim is conclusive and cannot be challenged, even
in court.

         To file an appeal, write to the appeals authority identified at the
beginning of the plan in the section called "Quick-Reference Information"
stating the reasons why you disagree with the denial of your claim. You must do
this within 60 days after the claim was denied. In the appeal process, you have
the right to review pertinent documents. You have the right to be represented by
anyone else, including a lawyer if you wish. And you have the right to present
evidence and arguments in support of your position.

         The appeals authority will issue a written decision within 60 days. The
appeals authority may, in its sole discretion, decide to hold a hearing, in
which case it will issue its decision within 120 days. The decision will explain
the reasoning of the appeals authority and refer to the specific provisions of
this plan on which the decision is based.

         Discretionary authority. The plan administrator and appeals authority
shall have and shall exercise complete discretionary authority to construe,
interpret and apply all of the terms of the plan, including all matters relating
to eligibility for benefits, amount, time or form of benefits, and any disputed
or allegedly doubtful terms. In exercising such discretion, the plan
administrator and appeals authority shall give controlling weight to the intent
of the sponsor of the plan. All decisions of the appeals authority in the
exercise of its authority under the plan (or of the plan administrator absent an
appeal) shall be final and binding on the plan, the plan sponsor and all
participants and beneficiaries.

                                     - 19 -
<PAGE>

                         PAYMENT BEFORE TERMINATION OF
                                   EMPLOYMENT

         Introduction. Normally, your accounts will be paid after you retire (or
your employment terminates for some other reason). But there are a few
circumstances in which you can take money out of certain accounts even before
your employment has terminated. This part of the plan explains those times.

         Withdrawal of after-tax contributions. If you were a member of this
plan (that is, the Retirement Plan) before May 1, 1992 and you made after-tax
contributions, you may withdraw all or any portion of those contributions at any
time upon request, except that if the value of your after-tax contribution
account has declined below the amount of contributions that you made, you may
only withdraw the lesser amount, of course.

         Age 59 1/2. When you reach age 59 1/2, you may withdraw all or any
portion of your 401(k) account upon request, except that withdrawal may not be
made more often than once during each plan year, and the minimum withdrawal is
$500.

         Age 70 1/2. After you reach age 70 1/2, you may take all the money in
all your accounts at any time upon request, even if you are still employed by
the employer.

         Hardship. If you suffer immediate and heavy financial need (whether or
not you are still employed by the employer), you may be able to get some or all
of your 401(k) contributions out of the plan. There are general eligibility
rules, but there is also a "safe harbor." The "safe harbor" means that you
qualify automatically for a hardship withdrawal under particular, narrow
circumstances. We will describe the safe harbor eligibility rules first.

         Safe harbor. Under the safe harbor eligibility rules, the following
four types of financial need automatically qualify for a hardship withdrawal:

         o medical expenses that would be deductible under section 213 of the
Code,

         o purchase of a principal residence for the employee,

         o payment of college or graduate school tuition (for the next school
term only) for the employee, spouse, children or other dependents, or

         o the need to prevent eviction of the employee or foreclosure on his or
her personal residence.

If you have one of those financial needs, you can get a hardship withdrawal (no
more than the amount of the financial need, of course), provided that:

         o you have obtained all distributions and loans available under all
plans of the employer;

                                     - 20 -
<PAGE>

         o all qualified plans of the employer provide that your 401(k)
contributions and employee contributions (if applicable under the plan) will be
suspended for at least 12 months following the distribution (this plan so
provides if you choose to use this safe harbor); and

         o all qualified plans of the employer provide that the 401(k)
contributions made during the year of the distribution will count against the
$10,500 limit on 401(k) contributions (described later in this plan) for the
calendar year following the calendar year of the distribution (this plan so
provides if you choose to use this safe harbor).

         General eligibility rules. If you do not have one of the four "safe
harbor" financial needs, or if you choose not to use the safe harbor, you may
still qualify for a hardship withdrawal. The plan administrator will determine
whether your financial need is immediate and heavy within the meaning of the
plan, taking into account whether the need was predictable and within your
control.

         The amount of hardship distribution that you can receive from the plan
under the general eligibility rules is only that which is necessary to respond
to the need after all other resources reasonably available to you have been
exhausted. All other resources available to you will be considered to have been
exhausted only if you truthfully affirm that the need cannot be met by insurance
reimbursement, reasonable liquidation of your assets or assets of your husband
or wife or minor children that are reasonably available to you, cessation of
401(k) contributions or employee contributions under any plan of the employer,
borrowing from commercial sources or other distributions or non-taxable loans
from any employer.

         Source of hardship distribution. A hardship distribution can be made
from the contributions that were made by trading off pay. This really means just
the contributions, not any earnings on those amounts, except that, if you were a
member of the plan before January 1, 1989 and you made 401(k) contributions,
then the earnings on those contributions up through December 31, 1988 can be
taken into account.

         Application. If you suffer immediate and heavy financial need and want
a hardship distribution from the plan, call the trustee (Fidelity). Fidelity
will review your circumstances against the requirements of the plan and let you
know whether a hardship withdrawal is available and, if so, how much. If you
wish to proceed, Fidelity will then provide you with the appropriate forms. Just
complete the forms and return them to Fidelity.

                       BORROWING MONEY FROM YOUR ACCOUNTS

         Introduction. This is a retirement plan, and we do not encourage people
to take loans from their accounts. Nevertheless, active employees (not retirees
or other former employees) may borrow from their 401(k) account (and after-tax
account and rollover account, if any), and this section of the plan will
describe how much you can get and how to do it.

         Eligibility. Loans are available only to members of the plan who are
receiving a paycheck from the employer. For example, loans are available to
active employees, employees on paid leave of absence and former employees who
are receiving severance pay. But loans are not available to other former
employees (such as retirees) or to employees on unpaid leave of

                                     - 21 -
<PAGE>

absence. In addition, under the law, loans are not available to anyone who is
treated as an owner-employee under section 408(d) of ERISA or to the members of
their families.

         Number. You may have one home loan (as described below) and one
personal loan (as described below) but you may not have more than one of each
kind (that is, you may not have more than two loans).

         Amount. The minimum loan is $1,000. The maximum loan is one-half of the
sum of your 401(k) account and, if you have them, your rollover account and
after-tax contribution account. The amount is judged at the time of your
application for the loan.

         As an exception, you may never have loans outstanding of more than
$50,000 from all plans of the employer and any other members of the same
controlled group of trades or businesses. And the limit of $50,000 is reduced by
the amount by which you have paid off any loans within the previous twelve
months.

         EXAMPLE: In January, you took out a loan of $30,000. By December, you
         have paid it down to $25,000. Though the present balance is $25,000 and
         you might think that you could get another $25,000 loan, the amount
         that you paid off during the past year -- $5,000 -- counts against the
         $50,000 limit, so you can't get a loan of more than $20,000 now.

         Promissory note. Loans from the plan must be evidenced by a legally
enforceable promissory note.

         Term. You may choose the term of the loan, except that the term for a
personal loan may not be more than five years and the term for a home loan may
not be longer than twenty years. A "home loan" is a loan that is used to acquire
a dwelling unit that, within a reasonable time after the loan is made, will be
used as your principal residence. (Home improvement loans, loans to buy a second
home, and loans to buy homes for other members of the family do not qualify as
loans used to acquire a dwelling unit that will be used as your principal
residence.) All other loans are "personal loans."

         Interest. Loans bear interest at the same rate charged by the
employer's principal bank on loans of the same type. Specifically, loans used to
acquire a dwelling unit that will be used as your principal residence bear the
same interest rate as mortgage loans. All other loans bear the same rate of
interest as secured personal loans. The rate is the rate quoted by the bank on
the first business day of the month in which you request the loan.

         Source and application of funds. The money to make a loan is obtained
by liquidating investments in your 401(k) account. (If you have a rollover
account or after-tax contribution account in addition to your 401(k) account,
the money is taken from all of them proportionately.) The promissory note is
then considered an asset of that account or accounts. When made, repayments
(both principal and interest) are credited proportionately to the account or
accounts from which the money was originally taken to make the loan.

         Repayment. Repayment must be made on a schedule set out in (or attached
to) the promissory note, requiring payment of principal and interest in regular,
substantially equal installments over the term of the loan. Repayment must be
made by payroll deduction from each paycheck.

                                     - 22 -
<PAGE>

         As an exception, the duty to pay according to the payment schedule will
be suspended (but not for more than one year) while you are on a leave of
absence without pay. When you return from the leave, the installment payments
will resume in the original amount and the term of the loan will be extended by
the same number of payments which were suspended. If such an extension would
extend the term of the loan beyond five years (in the case of a personal loan)
or twenty years (in the case of a home loan), however, a new installment payment
schedule will be established instead, under which the new installment payments
are sufficient to pay off the remaining balance of the loan by the end of the
maximum five- or twenty-year period.

         As another exception, the duty to pay according to the payment schedule
will be suspended if, and for as long as, you are performing military service
within the meaning of the federal Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment
Rights Act of 1994. When you cease to perform such service, the installment
payments will resume in the original amount and the term of the loan will be
extended by the same number of payments which were suspended.

         Security. As a condition of receiving a loan, you must post collateral
by pledging as security for the loan fifty percent of your vested accrued
benefit under the plan at the time when the loan is made.

         Pre-payment. You may pay the outstanding balance of a loan at any time
without penalty for pre-payment.

         Default. If you fail to make the full amount of any required
installment payment by payroll deduction, the loan will be considered in
default, and the entire outstanding balance due and payable immediately, on the
last day of the calendar quarter following the calendar quarter in which the
installment payment was due. This may occur, for example, when your employment
with the employer terminates or if you declare bankruptcy.

         If your loan goes into default and you do not pay the outstanding
balance, the outstanding balance will be considered a "deemed distribution" for
tax purposes to the extent provided in regulations of the Internal Revenue
Service. When you take a distribution from the plan, the plan administrator will
foreclose on your vested accrued benefit that was pledged as security for the
loan in order to satisfy the unpaid balance of the loan, effectively offsetting
the unpaid balance of the loan against the amount otherwise payable from the
plan.

         In addition, all loans will be due and payable immediately upon
distribution of assets in the event of termination of the plan.

         How to apply. To get the ball rolling, call the trustee (Fidelity) at
(800) 835-5092. You will need to know the identification number that the trustee
has assigned to this plan for its internal purposes, which is 90094. Fidelity
will check on the amount available in your account and talk to you about how
much you would like, what the monthly payments would be, and what the length of
the loan would be.

         When you are happy with the terms of the loan, Fidelity will generate
the loan application and send it to you. All you have to do is sign where
indicated and return it to Fidelity. If your loan is approved, you should expect
to get a check from the trustee in 7 to 10 days. The payroll department will
automatically start to withhold the loan payments from your paycheck.

                                     - 23 -
<PAGE>

                                IN CASE OF DEATH

         Introduction. If you die before your entitlement has been paid (such as
while you are still employed by the employer), the plan will pay out all of the
money (and stock) in all your accounts under the plan, regardless of how long
you have worked for the employer. Whom it is paid to, and how, depends on a
number of factors. This section will explain.

         Please note: If you are married at the time of your death, your choice
of beneficiary cannot be honored for certain portions of your accounts unless
your husband or wife consented before you died, in accordance with the rules
explained in this section. This is called "spousal consent" and it is explained
in this section under the heading "Naming your beneficiary and getting spousal
consent."

         If you're married. If you were married at the time of your death, the
money (or stock) will be paid to your surviving husband or wife in a single
payment, unless, before your death, you named some other beneficiary with the
written consent of the husband or wife who survives you (as described below). If
the recipient is your surviving husband or wife, he or she may make a direct
rollover into an IRA.

         Please note: There is a temporary exception for participants who were
members of this plan (that is, the Retirement Plan) before May 1, 1992 and who
are married when they die and who die within a certain period. That period ends
90 days after you are notified of the elimination of the option to receive
benefits in the form of an annuity (or on January 1, 2003, if that comes first),
as provided in this edition of the plan. If you are described in this paragraph
and die within that period, your death benefits are governed by the previous
edition of the plan, under which some of your accounts are subject to spousal
consent and some are not.

         If you're not married. If you are not married at the time of your
death, then the money will be paid to whomever you named as your beneficiary
before your death. (If you and your husband or wife die simultaneously, so that
you do not have a "surviving spouse," you will be treated as if you were
unmarried at the time of your death, and this paragraph will apply.)

         Naming your beneficiary and getting spousal consent. You can name your
beneficiary at any time before your death by completing a form from the plan
administrator and returning it to the plan administrator. (This function is not
handled by Fidelity.) Your beneficiary is whomever you last named on the records
of the plan administrator.

         Please note: Only you can change your beneficiary, and you can only do
         it by filing a new beneficiary designation with the plan administrator.
         In particular, death or divorce does not automatically change your
         beneficiary. Whenever there are major changes in your life such as
         death or divorce, you are well advised to double-check your beneficiary
         designation with the plan administrator to assure that it remains as
         you intend.

         If you have named a beneficiary in place of your surviving husband or
wife, your choice of beneficiary will not be honored unless your surviving
husband or wife has consented in writing (or can't be located). The plan
administrator has a form for this purpose, which must be

                                     - 24 -
<PAGE>

completed, signed by your husband or wife, witnessed by a notary public, and
filed with the plan administrator before you die.

         If you complete and file the form with the plan administrator and then
want to change your mind (that is, you would like to go back to having your
husband or wife as your beneficiary), you can withdraw the form just by filing a
new beneficiary form with the plan administrator any time before you die.

         If money should be paid to a beneficiary, but you have not named a
beneficiary or your beneficiary does not survive you, the money will be divided
among the people in the first of the following classes that contains a survivor:
(a) your surviving husband or wife, (b) your children, (c) your parents, (d)
your brothers and sisters, or (e) your estate.

         Claiming your accounts. To claim the money, your husband, wife or other
beneficiary should contact the plan administrator, get an application form, and
follow the same procedure as you would have done to claim the money. While we
expect payment to happen as soon as administratively possible after your death,
we must recite here, in accordance with IRS rules, that all of your accounts
must be completely paid out not later than five years after your death.

                      CHILD SUPPORT, ALIMONY AND PROPERTY
                              DIVISION IN DIVORCE

         Introduction. The plan will honor certain court orders made in the
context of family law -- child support, alimony and division of property in
divorce. This means that part of your account may have to be paid to someone
else; you may not get all that you are expecting. This section of the plan will
explain when and how that can happen.

         What a domestic relations order is. It is a judgment, decree or order
of a court (including approval of a property settlement) made pursuant to state
domestic relations law (including a community property law) that provides child
support, alimony payments, or marital property rights to your spouse, former
spouse, child or other dependent.

         The plan will not honor a domestic relations order unless it specifies:

         o that it applies to this plan,

         o your name and last known mailing address, as well as the name and
last known mailing address of anyone else who is supposed to get payments,

         o the amount or percentage of your benefits that are supposed to be
paid to someone else, or the manner in which the amount or percentage is to be
determined, and

         o the number of payments or the period to which the order applies.

         Also, the plan will not honor a domestic relations order if it attempts
to require the plan to:

                                     - 25 -
<PAGE>

         o provide increased benefits,

         o provide any type or form of benefit, or any option, that is not
already provided for here in the plan document (except to the extent
specifically permitted by the Code), or

         o pay to anyone any benefits that are already required to be paid to
someone else under a previous domestic relations order.

         What happens when a domestic relations order comes in. When a domestic
relations order comes to the plan administrator, the plan administrator will
first notify you and everyone else who is supposed to get part of your benefit
under the order that the order has come in. The plan administrator will also
tell you about the following procedure for deciding whether to honor the order.

         Next, the plan administrator will separately account for the benefits
that, under the order, would be paid to someone other than you and hold onto
them while deciding whether to honor the order.

         Next, the plan administrator will decide whether the plan should honor
the order, applying the rules that are described in this section of the plan.
When the decision is made, the plan administrator will notify you and everyone
else who is supposed to get part of your benefit.

         If the plan administrator decides that the plan will honor the order,
the plan administrator will proceed to make the payments required by the order
(or schedule them for future payment, if they are not due yet). If the plan
administrator decides that the plan cannot honor the order, the plan
administrator will make payment as if there had been no order.

         In the unlikely event that the plan administrator cannot decide whether
the plan should honor the order within 18 months after the first payment should
have been made under the order, the plan administrator will make payments as if
there had been no order until the decision is made, and then make future
payments (but no past payments) in accordance with the decision.

                         HOW THE LENGTH OF YOUR SERVICE
                                 IS CALCULATED

         Introduction. The length of your service with the employer can matter
for two reasons under the plan: for becoming eligible for matching contributions
and for deciding what portion of your account you are entitled to if you leave
before retirement or disability. This part of the plan will explain how to
calculate the length of your service.

         Two notes before we start. First, this section of the plan describes
the rules currently in effect. Other rules may have been in effect for earlier
periods, such as before ERISA took effect and before the Retirement Equity Act
took effect. Those earlier rules continue to apply to service that was rendered
before those laws took effect. Second, any special arrangements that might be
made for employees of new participating employers are described at the end of
the plan in the section called "Special Arrangements for New Participating
Employers."

                                     - 26 -
<PAGE>

         12-Month periods. The plan looks at how many hours of service you have
in certain 12-month periods.

         Becoming eligible for matching contributions. For the purpose of
becoming eligible for matching contributions, the first 12-month period runs
from your date of hire to the first anniversary of your date of hire. After
that, the 12-month period is the plan year, beginning with the plan year in
which the first anniversary of your date of hire occurs.

         Portion of your account. For the purpose of determining what portion of
your account you are entitled to if you leave before retirement or disability,
the 12-month periods are plan years. At the beginning of the plan, in the
section called "Quick-Reference Information," it shows what the plan year is.

         Years of service. Your length of service is measured in full years. You
get credit for a year of service if you complete 900 hours of service during
that 12-month period. You get credit for the year whenever you have accumulated
900 hours of service, regardless of what happens during the rest of the year.
(This is entirely independent of whether you are working in the classification
of employees covered by the plan.)

         However, years of service can be cancelled by breaks in service, as
explained below.

         Full-time employees. Full-time employees are credited with 45 hours of
service for each week in which they receive credit for one hour of service for
performing services for the employer. A full-time employee for this purpose is
any employee who works the regularly scheduled full work week as established by
normal office hours for the location where the employee is employed.

         Part-time faculty. Part-time faculty are credited with 1.88 hours of
service for each one hour of actual classroom time in recognition of the
required preparation for classroom time. For this purpose, any faculty member
who is assigned to teach less than a full work week will be considered part-time
faculty.

         Other part-time employees. Part-time employees other than faculty
receive credit for each clock hour for which the employee is paid (or entitled
to payment) by the employer. It doesn't matter how much you are paid for that
hour; an overtime hour is still one hour.

         Working hours. Hours of service naturally include hours when you are
actually working as an employee.

         Non-working hours. They also include hours when you are still an
employee but not working due to vacation, holiday, illness, layoff, jury duty,
military service, and leave of absence, if you are paid (or entitled to payment)
for those hours by the employer. The number of hours credited for a time when
you were not working is the number of regularly scheduled working hours in the
period for which you are paid. For example, if a day consists of 8 regularly
scheduled working hours and you are paid for a day of vacation, you get credit
for 8 hours of service.

         As an exception, no more than 501 hours of service will be credited for
any one, continuous period during which you were not working (or, in the case of
back pay, would not have been working).

                                     - 27 -
<PAGE>

         As another exception, payments made solely to comply with workers'
compensation, unemployment compensation, or disability insurance laws, and
payments that reimburse you for medical expenses, do not result in credit for
hours of service.

         Back pay. If for some reason you don't work for some period but are
later granted back pay for that time, hours of service include hours for which
you are granted back pay. Credit for hours of service is allocated to the period
when the work was (or would have been) performed.

         Breaks in service. If you complete fewer than 100 hours of service
during one of these 12-month periods, that is a "break in service."

         The one exception is if you are absent due to pregnancy, birth (or
placement for adoption), or caring for a child immediately after birth (or
placement). If you don't have more than 100 hours of service in the year when
absence begins but the hours that would normally have been credited for the
absence during that year would bring your total over 100, then that 12-month
period will not count as a break in service. (If you have more than 100 hours in
the year when the absence begins, but you don't have more than 100 hours in the
following year, this rule applies to the second year instead. That is to say, if
you remain absent during the following year and the hours that would normally
have been credited for the absence during the following year would bring your
total over 100, then the following year will not count as a break in service.)

         How breaks in service cancel years of service. A break in service
cancels your credit for all prior years of service temporarily -- until you
return to work and complete another year of service.

         A break in service cancels your credit for all prior years of service
permanently if:

         o when the first break in service occurred, you had no entitlement to
any portion of any account derived from employer contributions (within the
meaning of section 410(a)(5)(D)(iii) of the Code); and

         o you have at least 5 break in service years in a row; and

         o the number of break in service years is at least equal to your prior
years of service.

         EXAMPLE: You accumulate 2 years of service. Then you have 1 break in
         service. Then you return to work. When you return, you have credit for
         no years of service (the break in service has temporarily cancelled all
         prior service credit). But suppose that, after returning to work, you
         complete another full year of service. Then you regain credit for the
         first 2 years, and you have credit for a total of 3 years of service.

         EXAMPLE: You accumulate 2 years of service. Then you have 5 consecutive
         breaks in service. Then you return to work. You have credit for no
         years of service, but even if you work another full year of service,
         you will still not regain any of your prior years of service. They were
         permanently cancelled because you had 5 consecutive breaks in service,
         which was equal to or greater than your prior service credit.

         Service with related employers. Service with someone other than the
employer still counts for the purpose of calculating the length of your service
with the employer under this

                                     - 28 -
<PAGE>

section of the plan if it was performed at a time when the employer maintained
this plan and it was performed for:

         o a corporation which, at that time, was under common control with the
employer under section 414(b) of the Code, or

         o a trade or business which, at that time, was under common control
with the employer under section 414(c) of the Code, or ? an entity which, at
that time, was a member of an affiliated service group with the employer under
section 414(m) of the Code, or

         o an entity which, at that time, was required to be aggregated with the
employer under section 414(o) of the Code (including the regulations under that
section).

         Please note: service with related employers does not count for any
other purpose under the plan. Specifically, you are not entitled to get into the
plan or to get a share of the employer contributions if you are working for
anyone other than the employer.

                     WHEN YOU RETURN FROM MILITARY SERVICE

         Introduction. There are a few special rules to accommodate employees
who enter military service and then return to employment with the employer, and
they are listed in this section. These rules apply only to employees who are
entitled to re-employment under the federal Uniformed Services Employment and
Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (which is called "USERRA"), as it may be amended
from time to time, which contains detailed rules about what "military service"
is, how long an employee can be absent, when the employee must return, and other
conditions such as an honorable discharge. If you do not meet the requirements
of USERRA, this section of the plan does not apply to you.

         Please note: It is your responsibility to let the plan administrator
         know if you are returning from military service, so that this section
         of the plan can be appropriately applied.

         Break in service. If you are entitled to re-employment and are in fact
re-employed in accordance with USERRA, you will not be considered to have
incurred a break in service (as described in the preceding section of the plan)
by reason of that military service.

         401(k) contributions. You obviously were not in a position to make
401(k) contributions to the plan during your military service. But if you are
entitled to re-employment and are in fact re-employed in accordance with USERRA,
you are entitled to "make up" those contributions. Here's how:

         o Besides the amount of contributions that you could ordinarily get by
trading off your pay for contributions to the plan, you may trade off additional
pay (that is, pay for work performed after you are re-employed) for additional
contributions to the plan.

                                     - 29 -
<PAGE>

         o The maximum amount of additional contributions that you can get by
trading off your pay is the maximum amount that you could have gotten if you had
not been absent in military service.

         o You can make these additional 401(k) contributions any time beginning
on your re-employment and ending after a period equal to three times your period
of military service (or five years, whichever comes first). For example, if your
military service lasted 10 months, you can make these additional 401(k)
contributions over a period of 30 months, beginning with your date of
re-employment.

         Matching contributions. If you choose to make the additional 401(k)
contributions referred to in the preceding paragraph, your employer contribution
account will be credited with the corresponding matching contributions that it
would have received if you had not been absent in military service. (Your
account will not be credited with investment earnings on those amounts that you
might have earned if you had not been absent in military service.)

         Profit sharing contributions and ESOP contributions. If you are
entitled to re-employment and are in fact re-employed in accordance with USERRA,
your profit sharing account will be credited with the employer profit sharing
contributions (and your ESOP account will be credited with the ESOP
contributions) that you would have received if you had not been absent in
military service. This means contributions only; your account will not be
credited with investment earnings on those amounts or forfeitures that you might
have received if you had not been absent in military service.

         Your "pay." For the purpose of this section of the plan, you will be
treated as though you received pay at the same rate that you would have received
if you had not been absent in military service (including raises, for example,
that you would have received if you had not been absent). If the amount of pay
cannot be determined with reasonable certainty, you will be treated as though
you continued to receive pay during your absence at the same rate as your
average rate of pay from the employer during the 12 months before you entered
military service.

         Percentage of entitlement to employer accounts. If you are entitled to
re-employment and are in fact re-employed in accordance with USERRA, you will be
given credit for that period of military service when the plan administrator
calculates the percentage of your employer contribution accounts to which you
are entitled on the table under the heading "Length Of Service Required For
Benefits" in the section called "Quick-Reference Information."

         Limits and testing. Contributions made under this section of the plan
because of USERRA:

         o will not be taken into account at all for the purpose of the
utilization test described in the section entitled "Maximum Amount of 401(k)
Contributions" or the section entitled "Maximum Amount of Matching
Contributions";

         o will not cause the plan to fail to meet the requirements in the
section entitled "Improvements When the Plan is Top-Heavy";

         o will be subject to the limits in the year when they would have been
paid if you had not entered military service (rather than the year in which they
are actually paid under this section) for the purpose of the $10,500 limit
described in the section entitled "Maximum Amount of 401(k) Contributions" and
the section entitled "Maximum Amount of Total Contributions" and will be ignored
when applying those limits to the other contributions actually paid for those
years.

                                     - 30 -
<PAGE>

                        WHAT THE PLAN ADMINISTRATOR DOES

         Introduction. The plan administrator has all rights, duties and powers
necessary or appropriate for the administration of the plan. Many of those
functions are described elsewhere in the plan. This section will mention some
others.

         Please note: The description in this section of certain
responsibilities imposed by law is solely for convenient reference by the plan
administrator and is not intended to alter or increase those duties or transform
them into contractual duties.

         Reporting and disclosure. The plan administrator will provide a copy of
this plan to each new member of the plan no later than 90 days after joining the
plan.

         The plan administrator will prepare and file the annual return/report
(Form 5500) for the plan each year, if required. For that purpose, the plan
administrator will retain an independent qualified public accountant (within the
meaning of ERISA) to perform such services as ERISA requires.

         After filing the annual return/report, the plan administrator will
distribute to all participants and to all beneficiaries receiving benefits the
"summary annual report" if required by ERISA.

         The plan administrator will furnish to any participant or beneficiary,
within 30 days of a written request, any and all information required by ERISA
to be provided, including copies of the plan and any associated trust agreements
and insurance contracts. The participant must pay the plan the actual cost of
copying (unless that is more than the maximum permitted by ERISA, in which case
the plan administrator will charge the maximum permitted by ERISA).

         Bonding. The plan administrator will assure that all "plan officials"
who are required by ERISA to be covered by a fidelity bond are so covered.

         Numerical testing. It is the responsibility of the plan administrator
to monitor compliance with the following sections of the plan regarding (1) the
maximum amount of 401(k) contributions, (2) the maximum amount of matching
contributions, (3) the maximum amount of total contributions, and (4) top-heavy.
It is the plan administrator's responsibility to take whatever action is
required by those sections.

         Prohibited transactions. ERISA prohibits a variety of transactions,
most involving "parties in interest." The plan administrator will not cause the
plan to engage in any transaction that is prohibited by ERISA.

         Expenses. The expenses of administering the plan will be paid out of
the plan assets. They may include, for example, fidelity bond premiums, trustee
and investment management fees, and professional fees.

                                     - 31 -
<PAGE>

         If the plan administrator is a full-time employee of the employer, then
the plan administrator will not receive any compensation from the plan for
serving as plan administrator but will be reimbursed for expenses.

         Limitation. The plan administrator does not have any authority or
responsibility to perform any of the functions that are described in the
following section as employer functions. Specifically:

         o The plan administrator must accept as a fact the employment
information furnished by the employer. The plan administrator has no authority
or responsibility with regard to the employment relationship, and any disputes
over the employment history are strictly between the employer and the employee.
To the extent possible, the plan administrator will, of course, give effect
under the plan to any new or corrected employment information furnished by the
employer.

         o The plan administrator has no authority or responsibility for
collecting employer contributions.

                             WHAT THE EMPLOYER DOES

         Introduction. The sponsor and the participating employers have
functions entirely different from the administration functions that are
performed by the plan administrator. This section will identify those functions.

         Establishment. The sponsor was responsible for establishing the plan in
the first place. That included establishing all the terms of the plan as set
forth in this document.

         Contributions. The employer contributes to the plan as described above
in the sections entitled "Trading Off Your Pay For Contributions To The Plan,"
"Matching Contributions," "Profit Sharing Contributions," and "The Former ESOP
and Stock Accounts." In addition, the employer may, but does not have to, pay
any expenses of the plan, so that they are not charged against the plan assets.

         Employment records. Since the plan administrator does not employ the
employees who are members of the plan and does not keep employment records, it
is the responsibility of the employer to provide to the plan administrator
whatever information the plan administrator needs to apply the rules of the
plan.

         Insurance and indemnification. The employer will provide fiduciary
liability insurance to, or otherwise indemnify, every employee of the employer
who serves the plan in a fiduciary capacity against any and all claims, loss,
damages, expense, and liability arising from any act or failure to act in that
capacity unless there is a final court decision that the person was guilty of
gross negligence or willful misconduct.

         Changing the plan. The sponsor has the right to change the plan in any
way and at any time and does not have to give any reason for doing so. These
changes can be retroactive.

                                     - 32 -
<PAGE>

         For example, the plan names the plan administrator, the trustee, and
the appeals authority (they're all shown at the beginning of the plan in the
section called "Quick-Reference Information"). The sponsor has the right to
amend the plan to replace any of those individuals or firms at any time and
without giving any reason.

         Exceptions. The Code says that no amendment can be adopted that would
make it possible for the assets of the plan to be used for, or diverted to,
purposes other than the exclusive benefit of participants and beneficiaries, and
the plan adopts that language but only to the extent (and with the same meaning)
required by the Code.

         The plan also adopts, but only to the extent and with the same meaning
required by the Code, the Code prohibition on amendments which have the effect
of reducing the "accrued benefit" of any member of the plan (including the
provision of the Code which imposes the same prohibition on amendments
eliminating or reducing an early retirement benefit or a retirement-type subsidy
or eliminating an optional form of payment).

         Changes made by the sponsor may be made by resolution of the board of
directors of the sponsor adopted in accordance with the by-laws of the sponsor.
Alternatively, changes that do not materially increase the liability of the
sponsor or any participating employer under the plan may be made by the sponsor
through its Retirement Committee, as long as any such amendment is reflected in
a writing that is formally designated as an amendment to this plan, is adopted
by the unanimous consent of the members of the Retirement Committee, and is
broadly applicable to participants under the plan (rather than targeted at any
individual or small group of participants). For this purpose, the decision to
admit a new participating employer will be considered as not materially
increasing the liability of the sponsor or any participating employer under the
plan.

         Ending the plan. The plan has no set expiration date; when it was
established, it was not intended to be temporary. Nevertheless, the sponsor has
the right to end the plan (in whole or in part) at any time and without giving a
reason for doing so. The procedure for the sponsor to end the plan is the same
as for changing the plan, as described in the preceding paragraph. In addition,
any participating employer may withdraw from participation in the plan at any
time and without giving a reason for doing so.

         If there is a "termination" or "partial termination" of the plan within
the meaning of Treasury Regulation 1.411(d)-2 (sorry, but it's too difficult to
try to describe what that is, particularly because it is not the same as ending
the plan) or a complete discontinuance of contributions, everyone who is
affected by the termination or partial termination or complete discontinuance of
contributions and who is still a member of the plan at that time will
automatically be advanced to 100% on the table at the beginning of the plan in
the section called "Quick-Reference Information" under the heading "Length Of
Service Required For Benefits," regardless of their length of service. For this
purpose, those whose employment previously terminated at a time when their
percentage was zero will be considered to have been "cashed out" at zero and
will no longer be considered participants.

                                     - 33 -
<PAGE>

                            MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF 401(K)
                                 CONTRIBUTIONS

         Introduction. The Code puts a couple of different limits on the amount
that you can cause the employer to contribute to the plan by trading off your
pay. This part of the plan describes them.

         $10,500 limit. Contributions that you cause the employer to make by
trading off your pay cannot be more than $10,500 in any one calendar year. And
we are not talking just about this plan. This limit applies to any and all plans
of any and all employers, including 401(k) plans, simplified employee pension
plans, and 403(b) tax-sheltered annuities.

         The $10,500 figure applies to the year 2001. But the IRS changes it
from time to time according to the cost-of-living, and the new figure
automatically applies here. The plan administrator can tell you what the exact
figure is for each year. In the paragraphs that follow, however, we'll keep
saying "$10,500" just because it's easier that way.

         If the $10,500 limit is exceeded. There are two ways in which the
$10,500 limit might be exceeded. First, although this plan prohibits 401(k)
contributions of more than $10,500, a mistake might be made. In that case, as
soon as the mistake is discovered, the plan administrator will simply return any
and all 401(k) contributions that were more than $10,500 for a given plan year,
adjusted for any income or loss experienced while the excess was in the plan.

         Second, although 401(k) contributions to this plan are not more than
$10,500, you might have worked for some other employer during part of the year
and the total of 401(k) contributions made to this plan and the plan of that
other employer might be more than $10,500. In that case, you may withdraw all or
part of the excess from this plan (not more than the 401(k) contributions that
were actually made to this plan, of course), as long as you give the plan
administrator written notice which is received by the plan administrator no
later than March 15 of the calendar year following the year in which the excess
401(k) contributions were made. Then the plan administrator will return the
amount that you have designated, adjusted for any income or loss experienced
while the excess was in the plan.

         Utilization test. How much employees at the top of the organization can
trade off pay for contributions depends on how much all the other employees
trade off their pay for contributions. You only have to worry about this if you
are at the top of the organization. We will call these people "restricted
employees."

         Who the restricted employees are. The restricted employees are
determined each year. They are anybody who owned 5% or more of the employer
during that year or the preceding year. They are also anybody who had
compensation from the employer during the preceding year of more than $85,000.
(That's the figure for 2001. The figure changes slightly from year to year
according to the cost-of-living. The plan administrator can tell you what the
exact figure is each year.)

                                     - 34 -
<PAGE>

         Special rules for former employees. Former employees are considered
restricted employees if they were restricted any time after age 55 or they were
restricted when they left the employer.

         Special rule for non-resident aliens. Non-resident aliens who have no
U.S.-source income are not taken into account at all when applying this part of
the plan.

         Performing the utilization test. First, the plan administrator will
identify all the restricted employees who are eligible to choose 401(k)
contributions to the plan for the plan year being tested (whether or not they
have chosen to trade off pay for contributions). The plan administrator will
figure, separately for each such employee, what percent of pay he or she has
traded off for contributions. For employees who have chosen not to trade off pay
for contributions, this percentage will be zero. The plan administrator will
then average all of those percentages.

         Second, the plan administrator will focus on the year before the year
being tested, identifying those individuals who were not restricted employees
but were eligible to choose 401(k) contributions to the plan for that plan year
(whether or not they chose to trade off pay for contributions). The plan
administrator will figure, separately for each such employee, what percent of
pay he or she traded off for contributions during the preceding year. Once
again, for employees who chose not to trade off pay for contributions, this
percentage will be zero (except to the extent that the employer chooses to make
"qualified nonelective contributions" as described below). The plan
administrator will then average all of those percentages. (As an exception for
1997 only, instead of using the year before the year being tested, the
administrator may use the year being tested.)

         Please note: In calculating these averages, the plan administrator may
         take advantage of any special rules provided in the law or in published
         guidance from the IRS. For example, for plan years beginning after
         1998, the plan administrator may exclude from the calculation entirely
         individuals who are not restricted employees and who have neither
         attained age 21 nor completed one year of service with the employer, as
         long as the coverage rules of section 410(b) of the Code can be met
         without taking those individuals into account. Alternatively, the plan
         administrator may consider all individuals who have neither attained
         age 21 nor completed one year of service with the employer, whether
         they are restricted employees or not, as a separate plan for this
         purpose, as long as the coverage rules of section 410(b) of the Code
         would be met by both this plan and the separate plan.

         In calculating these percentages, the plan administrator will take into
account only pay that, but for the choice to trade it off for contributions to
the plan, would have been received by the employee in the appropriate plan year
or is attributable to services performed in that plan year and would have been
received by the employee within 2 1/2 months after the end of the plan year. In
addition, 401(k) contributions will be taken into account for a plan year only
if not contingent on participation or performance of services after the end of
the plan year and actually paid to the trustee not later than 12 months after
the end of the plan year.

         If the average for the employees who are not restricted was less than
2% in the preceding year, the average for the restricted employees in the year
being tested cannot be more than twice that percentage. If the average for the
employees who are not restricted was between 2% and 8% in the preceding year,
the average for the restricted employees in the year being tested cannot be

                                     - 35 -
<PAGE>

more than 2 percentage points higher. If the average for the employees who are
not restricted was more than 8% in the preceding year, the average for the
restricted employees in the year being tested cannot be more than 1.25 times
that percentage.

         If the utilization test reveals a problem. If the average for the
restricted employees is higher than it should be, the plan administrator will
correct the problem by paying the contributions back to the restricted
employees, as follows.

         Step 1 -- Calculating the total amount to be returned. The plan
administrator will take the restricted employee with the highest percentage of
401(k) contributions and figure out how much of that employee's 401(k)
contributions would have to be returned to that employee so that his or her
percentage would be reduced enough to solve the problem for the whole group, but
not more than would make the percentage of that employee's 401(k) contributions
equal the percentage for the restricted employee with the second-highest
percentage.

         If the problem has not been solved for the group as a whole, then the
plan administrator will figure out how much of the 401(k) contributions of both
of those people (the restricted employee with the highest percentage and the
employee with the second-highest percentage) would have to be returned so that
their percentage would be reduced enough to solve the problem for the whole
group, but not more than would make the percentage for those two employees equal
the percentage for the restricted employee with the third-highest percentage.

         If the problem has not been solved for the group as a whole, the plan
administrator will keep doing this until the problem is solved. Then the
administrator will complete step one by totaling the dollar amount of the
contributions that would have to be returned to solve the problem. That is the
total amount that will have to be returned.

         Step 2 -- Calculating how much is returned to each restricted employee.
Now the administrator will take the restricted employee with the highest dollar
amount of 401(k) contributions and return that employee's 401(k) contributions
to him or her until (a) the total amount that has to be returned (as determined
in step one) has been returned or (b) the dollar amount of that employee's
401(k) contributions has been reduced to the dollar amount of the restricted
employee with the second-highest dollar amount of 401(k) contributions.

         If the total amount that has to be returned has not yet been returned,
then the plan administrator will return the 401(k) contributions of those two
employees (the restricted employee with the highest dollar amount and the
employee with the second-highest dollar amount) to those two employees until (a)
the total amount that has to be returned (as determined in step one) has been
returned or (b) the dollar amount of those two employees' 401(k) contributions
has been reduced to the dollar amount of the restricted employee with the
third-highest dollar amount of 401(k) contributions.

         If the total amount that has to be returned (as determined in step one)
has not yet been returned, the plan administrator will keep doing this until the
total amount that has to be returned has been returned. It is understood that,
after returning 401(k) contributions by this method, if the utilization test
were to be run again, it might still not be passed, but the IRS has stated in
Notice 97-2 that this is the method to be used and when this method has been
followed, the utilization test is considered to have been satisfied.

         Returning excess contributions. The concept of returning any excess
contributions (due to either the $10,500 limit or the limitation on restricted
employees) is simply to reverse the

                                     - 36 -
<PAGE>

contributions -- as if they had never been made. If the contributions had never
been made, of course, the employee would have received those amounts as pay and
would have had to pay federal income tax on them. So you have to pay income tax
on them when you get them back.

         When you get the excess contributions back depends on why you are
getting them back:

         o If you are getting them back because of the $10,500 limit, you will
get them back (including the allocable income or loss) by April 15 of the
following year. The returned contributions are included in your taxable income
for the previous year (the year when they were contributed), while the income on
them is included in your taxable income for the year when you actually receive
it.

         o If you are getting them back because of the utilization test, you
will get them back (including allocable income or loss) by the end of the
following plan year. The returned contributions and any allocable income are
included in your taxable income for the year in which you actually receive them.
(The only exception is the unlikely event that you get them back before March 15
of the following year, in which case they are included in your taxable income
for the previous year.)

         The allocable income or loss is that portion of the total income or
loss for the year for your 401(k) account which bears the same proportion to the
total as the excess 401(k) contributions for the year bear to the account
balance of your 401(k) account at the end of the year (minus the income (or plus
the loss) on that account for the year).

         The amount of excess contributions returned to you because of the
annual dollar limit will be reduced by any excess contributions previously
returned to you because of the limitation on restricted employees for the plan
year beginning with or within your taxable year. And the amount of excess
contributions returned to you because of the limitation on restricted employees
will be reduced by any excess contributions previously returned to you because
of the annual dollar limit for your taxable year ending with or within the plan
year.

         Combining plans. If two or more plans are aggregated for purposes of
section 401(a)(4) of the Code or section 410(b) of the Code (other than section
410(b)(2)(A)(ii)), then all 401(k) contributions made under both plans will be
treated as made under a single plan, for the purpose of this section of the
plan. (Of course, the aggregated plans must comply with sections 401(a)(4) and
410(b) as though they were a single plan.) In addition, if a restricted employee
is eligible to trade off contributions under two or more plans of the employer,
those cash-or-deferred arrangements will be treated as a single arrangement,
unless the applicable rules would prohibit permissive aggregation of those
arrangements.

                           MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF MATCHING
                                 CONTRIBUTIONS

         Introduction. Besides limiting the amount of 401(k) contributions that
can be made on behalf of restricted employees, the Code also limits the amount
of matching contributions that can

                                     - 37 -
<PAGE>

be made for restricted employees -- both by themselves and when considered in
combination with the 401(k) contributions. This part of the plan describes these
additional limitations.

         Matching contributions by themselves. The plan administrator will test
the matching contributions by themselves by running the same test as described
in the preceding section ("Maximum Amount of 401(k) Contributions"), taking into
account only those employees who have satisfied the special eligibility rule for
matching contributions and using matching contributions rather than their 401(k)
contributions.

         Matching contributions in combination. If the utilization test for
401(k) contributions (described in the preceding section of the plan) and the
utilization test for matching contributions (described in the preceding
paragraph of this section) both show that the average for the restricted
employees is more than 1.25 times the average for all other employees (after any
corrective distributions), then the plan administrator must run this additional
test.

         Step 1. The plan administrator will add the average percentage for the
restricted employees under the trade-off test (already calculated under the
preceding section of the plan) and the average percentage for the restricted
employees under the matching test (already calculated under the preceding
paragraph of this section).

         Step 2. The plan administrator will look at the average percentage for
all other employees under the trade-off test (already calculated under the
preceding section of the plan) and the average percentage for all other
employees under the matching test (already calculated under the preceding
paragraph of this section) and identify which is larger.

         Step 3. The plan administrator will take the larger number in Step 2
and multiply by 1.25, then take the smaller number and either add 2 percentage
points or double it (whichever produces the lower number), and then add those
two numbers together.

         Step 4. The plan administrator will take the smaller number in Step 2
and multiply by 1.25, then take the larger number and either add 2 percentage
points or double it (whichever produces the lower number), and then add those
two numbers together.

         Step 5. The plan administrator will see if the number in Step 1 is
larger than both the number in Step 3 and the number in Step 4. If it is larger
than both of them, the test is failed. If it is smaller than either of them, the
test is passed.

         If this test of matching contributions reveals a problem. If the
matching contributions fail the tests in this section (either by themselves or
in combination with the 401(k) contributions), then the plan administrator will
return the excess matching contributions in the same manner as under the
preceding section of the plan (which specifies how excess 401(k) contributions
are returned). Alternatively, the employer may, but is not required to, solve
the problem in whole or in part by making additional "qualified nonelective
contributions" to the 401(k) accounts of employees who are not restricted, as
described in the preceding section of the plan, as long as those contributions
satisfy the requirements of Reg. Section 1.401(m)-1(b)(5).

                                     - 38 -
<PAGE>

                            MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF TOTAL
                                 CONTRIBUTIONS

         Introduction. Federal law sets a limit on how much money can go into
your accounts in this plan in any one year. This section describes the limit.
You don't have to worry about this, though; the plan administrator will pay
attention to this section and make sure that the limit is not exceeded.

         25% of pay limit. The total of employer contributions, employee
contributions (if applicable), and forfeitures allocated to your accounts for
any one plan year cannot be more than 25% of your compensation from the employer
(or $30,000, whichever is less). (As the $30,000 figure rises in accordance with
the cost of living, the new figure will automatically be applied here.)

         As an exception, forfeitures of stock that was acquired with the
proceeds of an exempt loan will not count against the limit if no more than
one-third of the employer contributions to this plan for a year which are
deductible under section 404(a)(9) of the Code are allocated to highly
compensated employees -- all within the meaning of section 415(c)(6) of the
Code.

         If this limitation would be exceeded as a result of the allocation of
forfeitures, a reasonable error in estimating your annual compensation, a
reasonable error in determining the amount of 401(k) contributions that may be
made on your behalf within this limitation, or any other facts and circumstances
that the Commissioner of Internal Revenue finds justifies relief under this
paragraph, the excess amounts otherwise allocable to your account for that plan
year will be used to reduce employer contributions for the next plan year (and
succeeding plan years, as necessary) for you, as long as you are covered by the
plan at the end of that plan year. However, if you are not covered by the plan
at the end of that plan year, the excess amounts will be held unallocated in a
suspense account for that plan year and allocated and reallocated in the next
plan year to all of the remaining participants in the plan in accordance with
the rules set forth in subparagraph Treas. Reg. Section 1.415-6(b)(6)(i).
Furthermore, the excess amounts will be used to reduce employer contributions
for the next plan year (and succeeding plan years, as necessary) for all of the
remaining participants in the plan.

         And, though it may never apply, the IRS requires us to say that the
$30,000 limit is reduced by employer contributions allocated to any individual
medical account which is part of a pension or annuity plan and contributions on
behalf of a member of the concentration group, as described below under the
heading "Improvements When the Plan Is Top-Heavy," to a separate account for
post-retirement medical benefits pursuant to Code section 419A(d) prior to the
employee's separation from service.

         If there's more than one defined contribution plan. All "defined
contribution" plans of the employer (that's what this is) are considered to be
one plan, so that, if the employer runs any other defined contribution plans,
the limit applies to the total contributions under all of those plans. These may
be plans qualified under section 401(a) of the Code, annuity plans under section
403(a), annuity contracts under section 403(b), or simplified employee pension
plans under section 408(k). But the limitation of this section of the plan will
be applied first to the

                                     - 39 -
<PAGE>

other plan or plans, reducing the annual additions under those plans to
elimination before any reduction is applied under this plan.

         "Employee contributions" does not include rollover contributions from
another plan and does not include employee contributions to a simplified
employee pension plan that are excludable from gross income under section
408(k)(6) of the Code.

         If there's also a defined benefit plan. Due to a change in the law,
this section no longer applies, beginning with the 2000 plan and limitation
year.

         Related employers. For the purpose of this section of the plan, all
related employers are considered to be a single employer to the extent required
by Code sections 414(b), (c), (m), and (o) and 415(h).

                         IMPROVEMENTS WHEN THE PLAN IS
                                   TOP-HEAVY

         Introduction. The plan administrator has to monitor the plan year by
year to see if the benefits of the plan are concentrated in a group of employees
that we will call the "concentration group." If so, the plan is said to be
"top-heavy" and several improvements are automatically made in the plan for that
year. This section of the plan describes what the plan administrator does to
figure out if the plan is top-heavy and what improvements are made if it is.

         Please note: This plan has never been top-heavy and is unlikely ever to
         become top-heavy. But the IRS makes us put these provisions in the
         document just in case.

         Who is in the concentration group. The plan administrator will first
figure out who is in the concentration group for a given plan year. This is what
the plan administrator will do:

         Officers. List each officer on the last day of each of the five
preceding plan years and how much he or she made each year. Delete from the list
anyone who did not make more than 1/2 the defined benefit dollar limit in
section 415 of the Code for that year.

         Find the highest number of employees of the employer at any time during
the five preceding plan years, excluding employees who have not completed 6
months of service, employees who normally work less than 17 1/2 hours per week,
employees who normally work during not more than 6 months during any year,
employees who have not attained age 21, and employees included in a collective
bargaining unit. And then delete from the list of officers as follows:

         o If the number of employees is less than 30, delete all but the 3
officers having the greatest aggregate compensation during those five years.

         o If the number of employees is more than 30 but less than 500, take 10
percent of that number, round to the next highest whole number, and then delete
all but the resulting number of officers having the greatest aggregate
compensation during those five years.

                                     - 40 -
<PAGE>

         o If the number of employees is more than 500, delete all but the 50
officers having the greatest aggregate compensation during those five years.

         Everybody left on the list is in the concentration group.

         5% Owners. List all employees who owned more than 5% of the value of
the stock or voting power of the stock of the employer on the last day of the
preceding plan year. All those people are in the concentration group.

         1% Owners. Separately for each of the five preceding years, list all
employees who owned more than 1% (but not more than 5%) of the value of the
stock or voting power of the stock of the employer on the last day of each year.
Delete anyone who did not make more than $150,000 that year. (That figure is
adjusted for the cost of living every year.) Everybody left on the list is in
the concentration group.

         1/2% Owners. Separately for each of the five preceding years, list all
employees who owned more than 1/2% of the value of the stock or voting power of
the stock of the employer at any time during those five plan years. Delete the
entry for any year if the employee did not make more than the defined
contribution dollar limit in 415 that year. Select the 10 entries having the
highest ownerships. (In case of a tie in ownership, the one with the higher
compensation wins.) Those ten people are in the concentration group.

         Performing the concentration test. To test for top-heaviness, the plan
administrator will identify all pension, profit sharing and stock bonus plans of
the employer in which any member of the concentration group participated in any
of the preceding five years. (This includes plans that have previously been
terminated if they were maintained at any time during those five years.) In
addition, if any of those plans relies on the existence of some other plan in
order to meet the coverage or nondiscrimination rules, then that other plan will
also be thrown into the test. All of them will be tested together as if they
were one plan.

         Defined benefit plans. For each defined benefit plan, the plan
administrator will calculate the present value of each participant's accrued
benefit as of the valuation date coincident with or last preceding the end of
the last plan year, as if the participant terminated on the valuation date,
using the same actuarial assumptions for all plans. This will include the value
of nonproportional subsidies and accrued benefits attributable to nondeductible
employee contributions (whether voluntary or mandatory). If there is no uniform
accrual method under all such defined benefit plans, the plan administrator will
determine the accrued benefit by applying the slowest accrual rate permitted
under the "fractional rule" of Code section 411(b)(1)(C).

         Defined contribution plans. For each defined contribution plan
(including this one), the plan administrator will calculate the account balance
of each participant, as of the valuation date coincident with or last preceding
the end of the last plan year. This will include contributions due by the last
day of the last plan year.

         Add-backs. For both defined benefit and defined contribution plans, the
plan administrator will add back in the value of all distributions made in those
five years, except to the extent already taken into account.

         Exclusions. The plan administrator will exclude from the total all
accrued benefits and account balances of persons who were members of the
concentration group for prior years but are not members of the concentration
group for the year being tested. The plan administrator will

                                     - 41 -
<PAGE>

also exclude from the total all rollovers except those which (1) were not made
at the initiative of the employee or (2) came from a plan of an employer
required to be aggregated with this employer under section 414 of the Code.

         Concentration percentage. The plan administrator will divide the total
accrued benefits and account balances of the members of the concentration group
by the total accrued benefits and account balances of everyone in the plans. If
the result is more than 60%, all the plans are top-heavy. If the result is 60%
or less, none of the plans are top-heavy.

         Exception. If the percentage is more than 60%, but would not be more
than 60% if another plan were added to the group of plans that are being tested
(and that plan is one which could be added without taking the group out of
compliance with the coverage and nondiscrimination rules), then none of the
plans are top-heavy.

         Changes if the plan is top heavy. There are three changes that apply
for a particular plan year if the plan is top-heavy for that year.

         Benefits in the event of termination of employment before retirement.
If the plan is top-heavy for a particular year, then the schedule at the
beginning of the plan in the section called "Quick-Reference Information" under
the heading "Length Of Service Required For Benefits" may be changed for
everyone who has at least one hour of service after the plan became top-heavy.

         o If that schedule provides for 100% after 5 years of service, it is
changed to 100% after 3 years of service.

         o If it provides for gradually increasing percentages from 3 to 7 years
of service, it is changed to provide the same progression but from 2 to 6 years
of service.

         o If it already provides a schedule which is better than 100% after 3
years or graded from 2 to 6 years, then there is no change in the schedule.

         If, in a future year, the plan is no longer top-heavy, the schedule in
"Quick-Reference Information" is reinstated, except that the reinstatement of
the original schedule is treated as an amendment to the plan subject to the two
limitations described below in the "Miscellaneous" section under the heading
"Changes in the Vesting Schedule."

         Minimum contribution. For a year when the plan is top-heavy, each
member of the plan who is not a member of the concentration group will receive
an employer contribution on top of his pay of at least 3%, with three
exceptions:

         o The percentage is not required to be greater than the highest
percentage received for that year by anyone who is a member of the concentration
group. In figuring that percentage, contributions made by trading off pay are
counted as contributions, as are matching contributions.

         o If the employer also maintains a defined benefit plan that is
top-heavy and that plan provides that the concentration requirements will be met
by providing the minimum required accrual in that defined benefit plan, then
there is no minimum contribution required in this plan.

                                     - 42 -
<PAGE>

         o If the employer also maintains a defined benefit plan that is
top-heavy and that plan does not provide that the concentration requirements
will be met by providing the minimum required accrual in that defined benefit
plan, then the minimum contribution in this plan is 5%.

         The minimum contribution requirement applies to everyone in the plan
who has not separated from service by the end of the plan year, including those
who have not completed 900 hours of service during the year and those who have
not chosen to trade off pay for contributions. The minimum contribution
requirement cannot be met by counting contributions made by trading off pay or
matching contributions.

         Maximum amount of total contributions. Due to a change in the law, this
subsection no longer applies, effective with the 2000 plan and limitation year.

                            SPECIAL ESOP PROVISIONS

         Introduction. Since the Education Management Corporation Employee Stock
Ownership Plan has been merged into this plan (the Education Management
Corporation Retirement Plan), there are a number of special provisions from the
Employee Stock Ownership Plan that need to be preserved in this plan. This
section contains them.

         The nature of an ESOP. This type of ESOP borrows money from a bank and
uses it to buy stock of the sponsor -- Education Management Corporation. The
stock is held as collateral for the loan. Then, from year to year, the employer
makes cash contributions to the plan that are used to pay down the loan.

         As the loan is paid down each year, a corresponding amount of stock no
longer needs to be held as collateral for the loan. The stock that is released
is allocated among the ESOP accounts of the employees who are in the plan.

         Over time, the idea is that the loan will be completely paid off, which
means that all of the stock will be released and allocated to the accounts of
the employees in the plan. As a matter of fact, in this plan, that has already
happened: the loan has been paid off and the stock has all been allocated to the
ESOP accounts of the employees in the plan.

         Investment. Investments of ESOP accounts are made at the direction of
the plan administrator. Since this is in part an ESOP, however, the assets of
the ESOP accounts must be invested primarily in stock of Education Management
Corporation. (If any future ESOP contributions are made or dividends are paid,
the trustee must use them to buy more stock of Education Management Corporation
to the extent that stock is available on terms that the plan administrator
considers prudent.)

         Technically, this includes any "qualifying employer security" within
the meaning of section 407(d)(5) of ERISA that also meets the requirements of
section 409(l) of the Code. This includes common stock issued by Education
Management Corporation that is readily tradable on an established securities
market, as well as noncallable preferred stock (as long as it is convertible at
any time into readily tradable common stock and the conversion price was
reasonable when the

                                     - 43 -
<PAGE>

noncallable preferred stock was acquired by this plan). The full definition is
set out later in this section, but we will call this simply "stock" or "employer
stock."

         Purchases of stock must be made at a price which, in the judgment of
the plan administrator, does not exceed the fair market value of the stock.
Sales of stock may be made to any person, except that if the buyer is a
"disqualified person" under section 4975(e)(2) of the Code, the sales price may
not be less than the fair market value of the stock and no commission can be
charged on the sale. All sales will comply with section 408(e) of ERISA.

         There may also be a small amount of cash in ESOP accounts. It may be
invested in bank accounts, certificates of deposit, securities, short-term funds
maintained by the trustee, or any other kind of investment in accordance with
the trust agreement, or it may simply be held in cash.

         "Employer securities." We said earlier that the stock must constitute
"employer securities" under Code section 409(l). Here is the text of Code
section 409(l) so there is no doubt about what we mean:

         "(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'employer securities' means common stock
issued by the employer (or by a corporation which is a member of the same
controlled group) which is readily tradable on an established securities market.

         "(2) SPECIAL RULE WHERE THERE IS NO READILY TRADABLE COMMON STOCK.--If
there is no common stock which meets the requirements of paragraph (1), the term
'employer securities' means common stock issued by the employer (or by a
corporation which is a member of the same controlled group) having a combination
of voting power and dividend rights equal to or in excess of--

         "(A) that class of common stock of the employer (or of any other such
corporation) having the greatest voting power, and

         "(B) that class of common stock of the employer (or of any other such
corporation) having the greatest dividend rights.

         "(3) PREFERRED STOCK MAY BE ISSUED IN CERTAIN CASES.--Noncallable
preferred stock shall be treated as employer securities if such stock is
convertible at any time into stock which meets the requirements of paragraph (1)
or (2) (whichever is applicable) and if such conversion is at a conversion price
which (as of the date of the acquisition by the tax credit employee stock
ownership plan) is reasonable. For purposes of the preceding sentence, under
regulations prescribed by the Secretary, preferred stock shall be treated as
noncallable if after the call there will be a reasonable opportunity for a
conversion which meets the requirements of the preceding sentence.

         "(4) APPLICATION TO CONTROLLED GROUP OF CORPORATIONS.--

         "(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this subsection, the term "controlled
group of corporations" has the meaning given to such term by section 1563(a)
(determined without regard to subsections (a)(4) and (e)(3)(C) of section 1563).

         "(B) WHERE COMMON PARENT OWNS AT LEAST 50 PERCENT OF FIRST TIER
SUBSIDIARY.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), if the common parent owns
directly stock possessing at least 50 percent of the voting power of all classes
of stock and at least 50 percent of

                                     - 44 -
<PAGE>

each class of nonvoting stock in a first tier subsidiary, such subsidiary (and
all other corporations below it in the chain which would meet the 80 percent
test of section 1563(a) if the first tier subsidiary were the common parent)
shall be treated as includible corporations.

         "(C) WHERE COMMON PARENT OWNS 100 PERCENT OF FIRST TIER
SUBSIDIARY.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), if the common parent owns
directly stock possessing all of the voting power of all classes of stock and
all of the nonvoting stock, in a first tier subsidiary, and if the first tier
subsidiary owns directly stock possessing at least 50 percent of the voting
power of all classes of stock, and at least 50 percent of each class of
nonvoting stock, in a second tier subsidiary of the common parent, such second
tier subsidiary (and all other corporations below it in the chain which would
meet the 80 percent test of section 1563(a) if the second tier subsidiary were
the common parent) shall be treated as includible corporations.

         "(5) NONVOTING COMMON STOCK MAY BE ACQUIRED IN CERTAIN
CASES.--Nonvoting common stock of an employer described in the second sentence
of section 401(a)(22) shall be treated as employer securities if an employer has
a class of nonvoting common stock outstanding and the specific shares that the
plan acquires have been issued and outstanding for at least 24 months."

         Voting. In a number of instances, you may be entitled to direct how the
stock in your ESOP account is voted when votes of the shareholders of Education
Management Corporation are taken. This section applies equally to any
beneficiary of yours who may have an account under the plan. Here they are:

         o If any class of stock in the plan is required to be registered under
section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, then you are
entitled to instruct the plan administrator how to vote the stock in your ESOP
account to the extent required under section 409(e) of the Code.

         o As to any stock acquired by the ESOP with the proceeds of a loan with
respect to which the lenders exclude from federal taxable income a portion of
the interest pursuant to section 133 of the Code, you are entitled to instruct
the plan administrator how to vote the stock in your ESOP account, to the extent
required under section 133(b)(7)(A) of the Code.

         o In any event, you are entitled to direct the plan administrator how
to vote the stock in your ESOP account with respect to any vote of shareholders
on any corporate merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reclassification,
liquidation, dissolution, sale of substantially all assets, or a similar
transaction, to the extent required by Sections 401(a)(22) and 409(e) of the
Code and regulations thereunder.

         If you do not instruct the plan administrator how to vote the stock in
your ESOP account (or if there is any stock that is not allocated to the
accounts of the members of the plan), the plan administrator is entitled to
instruct the trustee how to vote the stock, assuming that the instructions of
the plan administrator are consistent with ERISA.

         Diversification for those with three years of service. Effective July
1, 2003, if you have completed at least three years of service, you may choose
to have employer stock in your ESOP account sold and the proceeds invested in
accordance with your investment instructions. This is called "diversification."

                                     - 45 -
<PAGE>

         Starting July 1 2003, your right to diversify your ESOP account will be
phased in over a four calendar year period (2003 through 2006) as follows:

         o For 2003 (July 1 through December 31), you may diversify up to 25% of
the number of shares in your ESOP account as of June 30, 2003.

         o For 2004, the diversification percentage increases to 50%, so that
you may diversify up to a number of shares calculated using the formula
..5(x+y)-y, where x equals the number of shares remaining in your ESOP account as
of December 31, 2003 and y equals the number of shares, if any, you diversified
in the first year.

         o For 2005, the diversification percentage increases to 75%, so that
you may diversify up to a number of shares calculated using the formula
..75(x+y)-y, where x equals the number of shares remaining in your ESOP account
as of December 31, 2004 and y equals the number of shares, if any, you
diversified in the first year and second years.

         o Finally, starting January 1, 2006, you may diversify all of the
shares of employer stock remaining in your ESOP account.

         If you do not complete three years of service until after July 1, 2003,
you will be eligible for diversification starting with the phase in year during
which you complete three years of service, and the portion of your ESOP account
that you will be allowed to diversify will be determined using the same
percentages for each phase in year as set forth above. The plan administrator
may adopt rules and limitations intended to avoid any negative impact of these
diversification rights on the trading market for employer stock.

         EXAMPLE: If you have three or more years of service as of July 1, 2003
         and 1,200 shares of employer stock were in your ESOP account as of June
         30, 2003, you are eligible to diversify 25% of those shares (300
         shares) during the period from July 1, 2003 through December 31, 2003.
         If you elect to diversify 200 shares in the first phase in year, and if
         1,000 shares of employer stock remain in your ESOP account as of
         December 31, 2003, then in the second phase in year (2004), you will be
         eligible to diversify 400 more shares [.5(1,000 + 200) - 200]. If you
         diversify 400 shares in the second phase in year, and if 600 shares
         remain in your ESOP account as of December 31, 2004, then in the third
         phase in year (2005), you will be eligible to diversify 300 more shares
         [.75(600 + 200 + 400) - 200 - 400]. Finally, starting January 1, 2006,
         you would be eligible to diversify any remaining shares of employer
         stock in your ESOP account.

         Please note: If you are eligible for both the diversification
         opportunities described above and the pre-retirement diversification
         described below, then the portion of your ESOP account eligible for
         diversification under the above rules will be calculated with reference
         to the shares of employer stock in your ESOP account that are not
         subject to pre-retirement diversification.

         EXAMPLE: If 1,200 shares of employer stock were in your ESOP account as
         of June 30, 2003, and if you are eligible to diversify 25% of those
         shares (300 shares) in 2003 under the pre-retirement diversification
         rules (discussed below), then under the above rules you would be
         eligible to diversify up to 225 shares (25% of the 900 shares not
         eligible for pre-retirement diversification) as well as the 300 shares
         eligible for pre-retirement diversification (for a total of 525 shares
         eligible for diversification). If you were not

                                     - 46 -
<PAGE>

         eligible for pre-retirement diversification, then you would be entitled
         to diversify up to 300 shares in 2003 (25% of your 1,200 shares).

         Pre-retirement diversification. In addition to the diversification
rules described above, if you have reached age 55 and you have participated in
the ESOP for at least ten years, you are eligible for "pre-retirement
diversification." In measuring your period of participation in the ESOP for this
purpose, your participation in the ESOP while it was a separate plan before
April 7, 1999 will obviously count; participation in this consolidated plan on
and after April 7, 1999 will also count.

         Your "window of opportunity" for pre-retirement diversification. The
opportunity to diversify your ESOP account begins as soon as you have attained
age 55 and completed 10 years of participation in the plan (or upon the adoption
of this edition of the plan, if later). For example, once this edition of the
plan is adopted, if you have already completed 10 years of participation in the
plan, it begins on your 55th birthday. On the other hand, if you reach age 55
before you have completed 10 years of participation in the plan, it begins after
you have completed 10 years of participation.

         The opportunity continues for the rest of that plan year (the plan year
in which you attained age 55 and completed 10 years of participation) and then
for the next six full plan years.

         EXAMPLE: Your participation in the ESOP began effective January 1,
         1989. You remain a participant through December 31, 1998, so that, as
         of January 1, 1999, you have completed 10 years of participation in the
         plan. Then you attain age 55 on September 12, 2003. You may diversify
         the investment of your ESOP account beginning on September 12, 2003.
         The opportunity continues for the rest of the 2003 and then for the
         next six full plan years -- the years 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and
         2009.

         Amount of pre-retirement diversification. There's a formula to
determine what portion of your account can be diversified. It is:

         o 25% (or, in the case of the last year in which you can diversify,
50%) of the number of shares of stock that have ever been allocated to your
account as of the most recent December 31 minus

         o the number of shares that you have previously asked to have
diversified under this section.

         Please note: Pre-retirement diversification is in addition to the
         diversification rights described above that apply to anyone having at
         least three years of service.

         EXAMPLE: Continuing under the facts in the prior example, you are
         eligible for pre-retirement diversification of the investment of your
         ESOP account beginning on September 12, 2003. As of December 31, 2002,
         the total number of shares of stock ever allocated to your account was
         1,000 shares. That means you may diversify up to 250 shares of stock
         beginning on September 12, 2003. This is in addition to the
         diversification opportunity you have under the rules applicable to
         anyone with three years of service (described above).

                                     - 47 -
<PAGE>

         How to elect diversification. Call the trustee (Fidelity) whenever you
are eligible to diversify. The trustee will verify your eligibility against the
information provided by the plan administrator, calculate the number of shares
that are available to be diversified, and take your direction to diversify part
or all of those shares.

         What happens when you diversify. After receiving your call, the trustee
(Fidelity) will take out of your ESOP account the number of shares that you have
chosen to diversify. It will then sell them as soon as administratively possible
on the open market. The money that it receives from selling those shares will be
deposited in your profit sharing account here in the plan, where it will
automatically be invested in accordance with the investment instructions then in
effect for your profit sharing account.

         "Nonterminable" protections and rights. With one exception, stock will
never be subject to a put, call or other option or a buy-sell or similar
arrangement while held by and when distributed from this plan. The exception is
that stock may be subject to a put option to the extent provided earlier in the
plan in the section called "How Payment Is Made" under the heading "'Put'
Option."

         This prohibition remains effective despite the fact that the ESOP loan
has been repaid and regardless of whether the plan remains an ESOP in the
future. And the provision of the plan regarding put options also remains
effective despite the fact that the ESOP loan has been repaid and regardless of
whether the plan remains an ESOP in the future.

         Non-allocation under Code section 409(n). While there is no stock
acquired in a transaction for which the seller has elected favorable tax
treatment under section 1042 of the Code that remains unallocated at the present
time, this section expresses a rule that was applied when the stock was
allocated, for historical purposes only.

         No employer securities, or other assets attributable to or in lieu of
such employer securities, acquired in such a transaction may be allocated
directly or indirectly, to the Accounts of:

         o such seller;

         o any individual who is related to the seller (within the meaning of
Section 267(b) of the Code), or

         o any other individual who owns (directly or by attribution, after the
application of section 318(a) of the Code applied without regard to the employee
trust exception in section 318(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code) more than 25% of (A) any
class of outstanding stock of the employer or any affiliate, or (B) the total
value of any class of outstanding stock of the employer or of any affiliate.

         The restriction on allocations to persons described in the first or
second bullet points shall apply only during a nonallocation period which shall
begin on the date of the section 1042 sale and end on the later of (A) the tenth
(10th) anniversary of the date of the section 1042 sale, or (B) the date of the
allocation attributable to the last payment of principal and/or interest on the
exempt loan incurred with respect to the section 1042 sale.

         The restriction on allocation to persons described in the second bullet
point shall not apply to participants who are lineal descendants of the seller,
except that the aggregate amount

                                     - 48 -
<PAGE>

allocated to the benefit of all such lineal
descendants during the nonallocation period shall not exceed 5% of the employer
securities (or other amounts attributable to or in lieu thereof) held by the
trust attributable to a section 1042 sale of employer securities to the trust by
any person who is related (within the meaning of section 267(c)(4) to such
lineal descendants.

         An individual shall be restricted under the third bullet point if he or
she is described by that clause at any time during the one-year period ending on
the date of the section 1042 sale or as of the date employer securities are
allocated to participants.

                                 MISCELLANEOUS

         What "pay" or "compensation" means. With the three exceptions noted
below in this section, when we refer to your "pay" or "compensation" we mean
your taxable wages for the purpose of federal income tax as shown in the box
labelled "Wages, Tips, Other Compensation" on your W-2, plus any amounts
excluded solely because of the nature or location of the services provided. The
period used to determine your pay or compensation for a plan year is the plan
year.

         Adding back salary reduction amounts. "Pay" or "compensation" also
includes salary reduction amounts under a cafeteria plan (Code section 125), a
401(k) plan (Code section 402(e)(3)), a tax-sheltered annuity (Code section
403(b)), a simplified employee pension plan (Code section 402(h)) or an eligible
deferred compensation plan of a tax-exempt organization (Code section 457).

         "Pay" or "compensation" also includes salary reduction for qualified
transportation fringes (Code section 132(f)) effective January 1, 2001 for the
purpose of the limit described under the heading "Maximum Amount of Total
Contributions" and for the purpose of the rules described under the heading
"Improvements When the Plan Is Top-Heavy" and effective January 1, 2002 for all
other purposes.

         Excluding extraordinary items. For all purposes except the limit
described under the heading "Maximum Amount of Total Contributions" and the
rules described under the heading "Improvements When the Plan Is Top-Heavy,"
"pay" or "compensation" does not include:

         o reimbursements or other expense allowances,

         o fringe benefits (cash and non-cash), o

         o moving expenses,

         o deferred compensation, or

         o welfare benefits.

         $170,000 limit on compensation. As required by section 401(a)(17) of
the Code, compensation in excess of $170,000 (adjusted for the cost of living)
is not taken into account for any purpose under this plan.

         Leased employees. If the employer previously leased your services from
a leasing organization but later you become employed by the employer itself,
your length of service

                                     - 49 -
<PAGE>

includes your service as a leased employee if it was performed at a time when
the employer maintained this plan. (When we say "employer," we include related
employers, as described above under the heading "How The Length of Your Service
Is Calculated".) For this purpose, service as a leased employee is service
performed under primary direction or control by the employer, pursuant to an
agreement between a leasing organization and the employer, regardless of how
long you performed that service.

         Family and medical leave. Any leave to which you are entitled under the
federal Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 will not result in the loss of any
"employment benefit" provided by this plan that had accrued prior to the leave
and that would not have been lost if you had remained actively at work during
the leave.

         Changes in vesting schedule. If the schedule shown at the beginning of
the plan in the section called "Quick-Reference Information" under the heading
"Length of Service Required for Benefits" is ever changed, there are two
limitations. First, the change will never reduce the percentage that applies to
your account based on employer contributions that were made on top of your pay
through the end of the last year before the change was adopted (or became
effective, if later). Second, if you have 3 or more years of service when the
change is adopted (or becomes effective, if later), you may nevertheless choose
to stay under the schedule that was in effect before the change was made.

         Non-Alienation. With the two exceptions provided here, your right to
benefits under the plan cannot be assigned or alienated. This means you cannot
sell your interest in the plan or pledge it as security for a loan. No creditor
of yours can take away your interest in the plan. This provision of the plan is
intended to comply with, and apply just as broadly and as stringently as,
section 206(d) of ERISA and section 401(a)(13) of the Code.

         The first exception is qualified domestic relations orders described in
the section entitled "Child Support, Alimony and Division of Property in
Divorce." The second exception is that, effective August 5, 1997, the plan may
offset against your benefit any amount that you are ordered or required to pay
to the plan in the circumstances set forth in section 206(d)(4) of ERISA.

         Payments to minors. If the proper recipient of money from the plan is a
minor, or if the plan administrator believes the recipient to be legally
incompetent to receive it, the plan administrator may direct that the payment be
made instead to anyone who has authority over the affairs of the recipient, such
as a parent, guardian, or other relative.

         Payment made in this manner will entirely satisfy the obligation of the
plan to pay the money, and the plan administrator will have no responsibility to
see what happens to the money after it is paid.

         Unclaimed benefits. People are expected to claim their money from the
plan when their employment terminates. It is your responsibility to make the
claim; the plan administrator does not have any responsibility to track you
down.

         If you still haven't claimed your money by the time when it must be
paid, the plan administrator will make a reasonable effort to locate you (such
as inquiring of the employer, sending a letter to your last known address, and
inquiring of the Social Security Administration). If the plan administrator
still can't find you, the plan administrator will set up an interest-bearing
account with a financial institution in your name in order to get your money out
of the plan. If no

                                     - 50 -
<PAGE>

financial institution will set up an account in your name without your
participation, the plan administrator will have to assume that you are dead and
pay the money in accordance with the death provisions of the plan.

         Plan assets sole source of benefits. The plan assets (held in the trust
fund or by an insurance company) are the only source of benefits under the plan.
The employer and plan administrator are not responsible to pay benefits from
their own money, nor do they guarantee the sufficiency of the trust fund or
insurance contracts in any way.

         No right to employment. Many of the requirements of the plan depend on
your employment status, particularly how long you have worked for the employer.
But your employment status is purely a matter between you and your employer; the
plan does not change anything. The fact that your rights under the plan might be
different if your employment history were different does not give you any
different employment rights than if the plan had never existed.

         Profit sharing and stock bonus plan. This plan is intended to qualify
under section 401(a) of the Code as a profit sharing plan with a qualified
cash-or-deferred arrangement and, to the extent of the ESOP accounts, as a stock
bonus plan.

         Merger of plan. The Code requires that the plan contain the following
provision (which is also a requirement of ERISA). However, the interpretation
and application of this provision are quite different from what it appears to
say, and we intend that it be interpreted and applied no more strictly than
required by the regulations under the Code:

         The plan may not merge or consolidate with, or engage in a transfer of
assets or liabilities with, any other plan unless the benefit that each
participant in this plan would receive if both plans terminated immediately
after the transaction is no less than the benefit that the participant would
have received if this plan had terminated immediately before the transaction.

         Protection of benefits, rights, and features from previous edition of
plan. Since this document constitutes an amendment and restatement of the plan,
it must preserve, to the minimum extent required by section 411(d)(6) of the
Code and Treasury Regulation 1.411(d)-4, all benefits, rights and features
required by that Code section and regulation to be protected against reduction.
While we believe that this document preserves all such benefits, rights and
features, as a failsafe we recite here that the terms of all such benefits,
rights, and features, to the extent entitled to protection under this
restatement of the plan, are hereby incorporated by reference from the prior
plan document.

         Governing law. The plan is subject to ERISA and therefore governed
exclusively by federal law except where ERISA provides otherwise. If state law
ever applies to the interpretation or application of the plan, it shall be the
law of the state where the employer has its principal place of business.

         No PBGC Coverage. This plan is not covered by the plan termination
insurance system established under Title IV of ERISA and administered by the
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. As a defined contribution, individual
account plan, it is not eligible for coverage under the law.

         "Highly compensated employees." In the section called "Maximum Amount
of Total Contributions," under the heading "25% of pay limit," reference is made
to "highly compensated

                                     - 51 -
<PAGE>

employees." That phrase means any employee who owned 5% or more of the employer
during the year in question or the preceding year, as well as any employee who
had compensation from the employer during the preceding year of more than
$85,000. (The dollar figure changes slightly from year to year according to the
cost-of-living. The plan administrator can tell you what the exact figure is for
this year.) Non-resident aliens who have no U.S.-source income are not taken
into account when applying this definition.

         Statement of ERISA rights. Regulations of the federal government
require that the following "Statement of ERISA Rights" appear in this document,
and we are reproducing it here with quotation marks. Not all of the statement is
necessarily accurate or applies to this plan. Neither the employer nor the plan
administrator takes any responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of this
statement, which is made to you by the federal government, not by anyone
connected with the plan:

         "As a participant in this plan, you are entitled to certain rights and
protections under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA).
ERISA provides that all plan participants shall be entitled to:

         "Examine, without charge, at the plan administrator's office and at
other specified locations, such as worksites and union halls, all plan
documents, including collective bargaining agreements and copies of all
documents filed by the plan with the U.S. Department of Labor, such as detailed
annual reports and plan descriptions.

         "Obtain copies of all plan documents and other plan information upon
written request to the plan administrator. The administrator may make a
reasonable charge for the copies.

         "Receive a summary of the plan's annual financial report. The plan
administrator is required by law to furnish each participant with a copy of this
summary annual report.

         "Obtain a statement telling you whether you have a right to receive a
pension at normal retirement age (age 65) and if so, what your benefits would be
at normal retirement age if you stopped working under the plan now. If you do
not have a right to a pension, the statement will tell you how many more years
you have to work to get a right to a pension. This statement must be requested
in writing and is not required to be given more than once a year. The plan must
provide the statement free of charge.

         "In addition to creating rights for plan participants, ERISA imposes
duties upon the people who are responsible for the operation of the employee
benefit plan. The people who operate your plan, called 'fiduciaries' of the
plan, have a duty to do so prudently and in the interest of you and other plan
participants and beneficiaries. No one, including your employer or any other
person, may fire you or otherwise discriminate against you in any way to prevent
you from obtaining a pension benefit or exercising your rights under ERISA. If
your claim for a pension benefit is denied in whole or in part you must receive
a written explanation of the reason for the denial. You have the right to have
the plan review and reconsider your claim. Under ERISA, there are steps you can
take to enforce the above rights. For instance, if you request materials from
the plan and do not receive them within 30 days, you may file suit in a federal
court. In such a case, the court may require the plan administrator to provide
the materials and pay you up to $100 a day until you receive the materials,
unless the materials were not sent because of reasons beyond the control of the
administrator. If you have a claim for benefits which is denied or ignored, in
whole or in part [and you have exhausted the plan's claim and appeal procedure],
you may file suit in a state or federal court. If it should happen that plan
fiduciaries misuse the

                                     - 52 -
<PAGE>

plan's money, or if you are discriminated against for asserting your rights, you
may seek assistance from the U.S. Department of Labor, or you may file suit in a
federal court. The court will decide who should pay court costs and legal fees.
If you are successful the court may order the person you have sued to pay these
costs and fees. If you lose, the court may order you to pay these costs and
fees, for example, if it finds your claim is frivolous. If you have any
questions about this statement or about your rights under ERISA, you should
contact the nearest office of the Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration,
U. S. Department of Labor, listed in your telephone directory, or the Division
of Technical Assistance and Inquiries, Pension and Welfare Benefits
Administration, U. S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20210."

         Service of legal process may be made on the plan administrator or any
trustee.

                          SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR NEW
                            PARTICIPATING EMPLOYERS

         Introduction. When a new school joins the EDMC family, it is sometimes
appropriate to make special arrangements for the employees of that school, in
order to bring them into this plan in a way that harmonizes with the plan that
they were in before. If a special arrangement is made, this section describes
it.

         Illinois Institute of Art. In determining the length of your service
for getting into this plan (that is, the Retirement Plan) effective January 1,
1996 and for deciding what portion of your account you are entitled to if you
leave before age 65, hours of service in the employ of Ray College of Design
from January 1, 1995 to November 8, 1995 are taken into account as hours of
service under the plan to the same extent as if Ray College of Design had been a
participating employer during that period.

         New York Restaurant School. In determining the length of your service
for getting into this plan (that is, the Retirement Plan) effective January 1,
1997 and for deciding what portion of your account you are entitled to if you
leave before age 65, hours of service in the employ of New York Restaurant
School, Inc. from January 1, 1996 to August 2, 1996 are taken into account as
hours of service under the plan to the same extent as if New York Restaurant
School, Inc. had been a participating employer during that period.

         In addition, any individual who was an employee of New York Restaurant
School, Inc. immediately prior to August 2, 1996 and was eligible to participate
in the New York Restaurant School, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan and becomes
an employee eligible to participate in this plan by reason of New York
Restaurant School's becoming a participating employer on or about August 2, 1996
is eligible to participate in this plan effective September 1, 1996
notwithstanding the semi-annual entry dates otherwise provided in the section
entitled "How You Get Into the Plan."

         Art Institutes International Portland, Inc. In determining the length
of your service for getting into this plan (that is, the Retirement Plan)
effective April 1, 1998 and for deciding what

                                     - 53 -
<PAGE>

portion of your account you are entitled to if you leave before age 65, hours of
service in the employ of Bassist College from January 1, 1997 to February 26,
1998 are taken into account as hours of service under the plan to the same
extent as if Bassist College had been a participating employer during that
period.

         Massachusetts Communications College. The requirement of one year of
service in order to join this plan (that is, the Retirement Plan) shall not
apply to any employee who, immediately prior to January 1, 2000, was an employee
of Massachusetts Communications College and a participant in the Massachusetts
Communications College 401(k) Plan and Trust.

         In addition, in determining the length of your service for getting into
this plan (that is, the Retirement Plan) effective January 1, 2000 and for
deciding what portion of your account you are entitled to if you leave before
age 65, hours of service in the employ of Massachusetts Communications College
from January 1, 1999 through December 31, 1999 are taken into account as hours
of service under the plan to the same extent as if Massachusetts Communications
College had been a participating employer during that period.

         In addition, if hours of service by employees of Massachusetts
Communications College for years before 1999 can be substantiated by December
31, 2000, then in determining the length of your service for deciding what
portion of your account you are entitled to if you leave before age 65, hours of
service in the employ of Massachusetts Communications College for years before
1999 will be taken into account as hours of service under the plan to the same
extent as if Massachusetts Communications College had been a participating
employer during that period. As an exception, no more than five years of service
will be credited under this paragraph to any employee who upon entering this
plan is a "restricted employee" as described in the section called "Maximum
Amount of 401(k) Contributions."

         Art Institute of Charlotte. The requirement of one year of service in
order to join this plan (that is, the Retirement Plan) shall not apply to any
employee who, immediately prior to January 1, 2000, was an employee of the
American Business & Fashion Institute, Inc. and a participant in the American
Business & Fashion Institute, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan.

         In addition, in determining the length of your service for getting into
this plan (that is, the Retirement Plan) effective January 1, 2000 and for
deciding what portion of your account you are entitled to if you leave before
age 65, hours of service in the employ of the American Business & Fashion
Institute, Inc. from January 1, 1999 through December 31, 1999 are taken into
account as hours of service under the plan to the same extent as if the American
Business & Fashion Institute, Inc. had been a participating employer during that
period.

         In addition, if hours of service by employees of the American Business
& Fashion Institute, Inc. for years before 1999 can be substantiated by December
31, 2000, then in determining the length of your service for deciding what
portion of your account you are entitled to if you leave before age 65, hours of
service in the employ of the American Business & Fashion Institute, Inc. for
years before 1999 will be taken into account as hours of service under the plan
to the same extent as if the American Business & Fashion Institute, Inc. had
been a participating employer during that period. As an exception, no more than
five years of service will be credited under this paragraph to any employee who
upon entering this plan is a "restricted employee" as described in the section
called "Maximum Amount of 401(k) Contributions."

         Art Institute of Las Vegas. In determining the length of your service
for the purpose of eligibility to receive matching contributions and for
deciding what portion of your account you

                                     - 54 -
<PAGE>

are entitled to if you leave before age 65, hours of service in the employ of
the Interior Design Institute, Inc. before it was acquired by Education
Management Corporation are taken into account as hours of service under the plan
to the same extent as if the Interior Design Institute, Inc. had been a
participating employer during that period. As an exception, no more than five
years of service will be credited under this paragraph to any employee who upon
entering this plan is a "restricted employee" as described in the section called
"Maximum Amount of 401(k) Contributions."

         Art Institute of California. In determining the length of your service
for the purpose of eligibility to receive matching contributions and for
deciding what portion of your account you are entitled to if you leave before
age 65, hours of service in the employ of LJAAA, Inc. before it was acquired by
Education Management Corporation are taken into account as hours of service
under the plan to the same extent as if LJAAA, Inc. had been a participating
employer during that period. As an exception, no more than five years of service
will be credited under this paragraph to any employee who upon entering this
plan is a "restricted employee" as described in the section called "Maximum
Amount of 401(k) Contributions."

                                     - 55 -
<PAGE>

                                APPENDIX A TO THE
                        EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
                                 RETIREMENT PLAN

                  Participating Employers As of August 1, 2001
         (* denotes employer that does not participate in ESOP feature)

The Art Institute of Atlanta, Inc.
6600 Peachtree Dunwoody Road
100 Embassy Row
Atlanta, GA 30328

TAIC, Inc.*
d/b/a The Art Institute of California
10025 Mesa Rim Road
San Diego, CA  92121
(effective January 1, 2001)

The Art Institute of Charlotte, Inc.*
1515 Mockingbird Lane, Suite 600
Charlotte, NC  28209
(effective January 1, 2000)

The Art Institute of Colorado, Inc.
1200 Lincoln Street
Denver, CO 80203

The Art Institute of Dallas, Inc.
8080 Park Lane, Suite 100
Dallas, TX 75231

The Art Institute of Ft. Lauderdale, Inc.
1799 SE 17th Street
Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33316

The Art Institute of Houston, Inc.
1900 Yorktown
Houston, TX 77056

The Art Institutes International
at San Francisco, Inc.*
1170 Market Street
San Francisco, CA 94102
(effective December 19, 1997)

The Art Institute of Las Vegas, Inc.*
4225 S. Eastern Avenue, Suite 4
Las Vegas, NV  89119
(effective July 1, 2001)

                                     - 56 -
<PAGE>

The Art Institute of Los Angeles, Inc.*
Santa Monica Business Park, Building S
2900 31st Street, Suite 150
Santa Monica, CA 90405
(effective January 13, 1997)

The Art Institute of Los Angeles
- Orange County, Inc.*
3601 West Sunflower Avenue
Santa Ana, CA  92704
(effective January 1, 2000)

The Art Institutes International Minnesota, Inc.*
15 South 9th Street
LaSalle Building
Minneapolis, MN 55402
(effective January 28, 1997)

The Art Institute of Pittsburgh
420 Boulevard of the Allies
Pittsburgh, PA 15219

The Art Institute of Philadelphia, Inc.
1622 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103

The Art Institute of Phoenix, Inc.*
2233 West Dunlap Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85021

The Art Institute of Portland, Inc.*
2000 Southwest Fifth Avenue
Portland, OR 97201
(effective April 1, 1998)

The Art Institute of Seattle, Inc.
2323 Elliott Avenue
Seattle, WA 98121

The Art Institute of Washington, Inc.*
The Ames Center
1820 N. Fort Meyer Drive
Arlington, VA  22209
(effective January 1, 2000)
The Art Institute OnLine, Inc.*
420 Boulevard of the Allies
Pittsburgh, PA  15219

                                     - 57 -
<PAGE>

The Illinois Institute of Art, Inc.*
350 North Orleans, Suite 136-L
Chicago, IL 60654

The Illinois Institute of Art at Schaumburg, Inc.*
1000 Plaza Drive, Suite 1000
Schaumburg, IL 60173

Massachusetts Communications College*
142 Berkeley Street
Boston, MA  02116
(effective January 1, 2000)

NCPT, Inc.
6600 Peachtree Dunwoody Road
100 Embassy Row
Atlanta, GA 30328

The National Center for Professional Development - University Division, Inc.
6600 Peachtree Dunwoody Road
100 Embassy Row
Atlanta, GA 30328

The New York Restaurant School, Inc.*
75 Varick Street, 16th Floor
New York, NY 10013

                                     - 58 -
<PAGE>

                                APPENDIX B TO THE
                        EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
                                 RETIREMENT PLAN

                    Investment Options Effective July 6, 2001

         MANAGED INCOME PORTFOLIO (FIDELITY). This is a commingled pool of the
Fidelity Group Trust for Employee Benefit Plans. Its objective is to preserve
principal while earning interest income. It invests in investment contracts
offered by major insurance companies and other approved financial institutions
and in certain types of fixed income securities. A small portion of the fund is
invested in a money market fund to provide daily liquidity.

         FIDELITY INTERMEDIATE BOND FUND. This is a mutual fund that invests in
all types of U. S. and foreign bonds, including corporate or U. S. government
issues. Normally, it selects bonds considered medium to high quality
("investment grade") while maintaining an average maturity of 3 to 10 years.
These bond prices will go up and down more than those of short-term bonds.

         INVESCO EQUITY INCOME FUND. This is a mutual fund that seeks to provide
current income. Capital growth is an additional, but secondary, objective of the
fund. Normally, at least 65% of the fund's assets are invested in
dividend-paying common stocks. Up to 10% of its assets may be invested in stocks
which do not pay dividends. The rest may be invested in corporate and other
types of bonds.

         SPARTAN U.S. EQUITY INDEX FUND. This fund, managed by Bankers Trust,
seeks to provide investment results that correspond to the total return of
common stocks publicly traded in the United States. In seeking this objective,
the fund attempts to duplicate the composition and total return of the S&P 500.
The fund uses an "indexing" approach and allocates its assets similarly to those
of the index. The fund's composition may not always be identical to that of the
S&P 500.

         FIDELITY FREEDOM FUNDS. These are mutual funds that invest in a
combination of Fidelity equity, fixed-income, and money market funds. They
allocate their assets among those funds according to an asset allocation
strategy that becomes increasingly conservative as each Freedom Fund approaches
its target retirement date. The Freedom Funds are:

         Fidelity Freedom 2000 Fund -- targeted to investors expecting to retire
         around 2000.

         Fidelity Freedom 2010 Fund -- targeted to investors expecting to retire
         around 2010.

         Fidelity Freedom 2020 Fund -- targeted to investors expecting to retire
         around 2020.

         Fidelity Freedom 2030 Fund -- targeted to investors expecting to retire
         around 2030.

         Fidelity Freedom 2040 Fund -- targeted to investors expecting to retire
         around 2040.

         Fidelity Freedom Income Fund -- targeted to investors who have retired.

         Please note: The Fidelity Freedom Funds replace three other Fidelity
         funds that were previously available -- Fidelity Asset Manager,
         Fidelity Asset Manager: Growth, and Fidelity Asset Manager: Income.
         Effective July 6, 2001, no money may be contributed or transferred to
         those three Asset Manager funds.

         Please note also: If you have chosen any of those three Asset Manager
         funds -- Fidelity Asset Manager, Fidelity Asset Manager: Growth, or
         Fidelity Asset Manager: Income -- as the destination for new
         contributions going into the plan,

                                     - 59 -
<PAGE>

         then effective July 6, 2001, those new contributions will automatically
         be re-directed by Fidelity into the Fidelity Freedom Fund that
         corresponds to your birth date, as shown on the table in the following
         paragraph.

         Please note, finally: Participants with money in any of those Asset
         Manager funds -- Fidelity Asset Manager, Fidelity Asset Manager:
         Growth, and Fidelity Asset Manager: Income -- are urged to move the
         money into other investment options available under the plan. Any money
         remaining in any of those three Asset Manager funds at September 30,
         2001 (that is, 90 days later) will automatically be transferred by
         Fidelity into the Fidelity Freedom Fund that corresponds to your birth
         date, as shown on this table:

               Year of Birth                       Fidelity Freedom Fund
               -------------                       ---------------------
               1900-1934                           Freedom Income
               1935-1940                           Freedom 2000
               1941-1950                           Freedom 2010
               1951-1960                           Freedom 2020
               1961-1970                           Freedom 2030
               1971-1980                           Freedom 2040

         FIDELITY MAGELLAN FUND. This is a growth mutual fund that seeks
long-term capital appreciation by investing in the stocks of both well-known and
lesser known companies with potentially above-average growth potential and a
correspondingly higher level of risk. Securities may be of foreign, domestic,
and multinational companies.

         FIDELITY GROWTH COMPANY FUND. This is a mutual fund that seeks
long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in common stocks and
securities convertible into common stocks. It may invest in companies of any
size with above-average growth potential, though growth is most often sought in
smaller, less well known companies in emerging areas of the economy. The stocks
of small companies often involve more risk than those of larger companies.

         ARIEL FUND. This is a mutual fund managed by Ariel Capital Management,
Inc. It seeks long-term capital appreciation. It normally invests 80% of its
assets in equity securities with market capitalizations under $1.5 billion. It
may invest the remaining 20% in investment grade debt securities. It seeks
environmentally responsible companies; it may not invest in issuers primarily
involved in the manufacture of weapons systems, nuclear energy or tobacco.

         FRANKLIN SMALL CAP GROWTH FUND A. This is a mutual fund managed by
Franklin Advisers, Inc. It seeks to increase the value of investments over the
long term through capital growth. It invests primarily in equity securities of
small capitalization growth companies, which generally have market
capitalizations of less than $1.5 billion at the time of the investment. The
fund may also invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities, which
involve special risks, including economic and political uncertainty and currency
fluctuation.

         FIDELITY DIVERSIFIED INTERNATIONAL FUND. This is a mutual fund whose
objective is capital growth. It normally invests at least 65% of total assets in
foreign securities. It normally invests primarily in common stocks. Stocks are
selected by using a computer-aided quantitative analysis supported by
fundamental analysis. In exchange for greater potential rewards, foreign
investments, especially in emerging markets, involve greater risks than U. S.
investments and as with any investment, share price and return will fluctuate.
The risks in foreign investments include political and economic uncertainties of
foreign countries, as well as the risk of currency fluctuations.

                                     - 60 -
<PAGE>

         EMPLOYER STOCK FUND. This is a fund invested exclusively in employer
common stock. This fund is available as an investment option effective July 1,
2003. Shares of employer stock may be acquired either directly from the company
or in open market transactions.

                                     - 61 -exv4w15

 

EXHIBIT 4.15

THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE
TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATIVE
THERETO UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL
REASONABLY SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY TO THE EFFECT THAT SUCH REGISTRATION
IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE ACT.

HALIFAX CORPORATION

7% Subordinated Debenture

     FOR
VALUE RECEIVED, HALIFAX CORPORATION, a Virginia corporation (the
“Company”), hereby promises to pay to Research Industries Incorporated or
order on January 27, 2003, the principal sum of Two Million Dollars
($2,000,000.00), in lawful money of the United States, and to pay interest
on the unpaid principal amount from the date hereof until maturity at the
rate of seven percent (7%) per annum, in arrears, semiannually on or before
the first day of each six (6) month period beginning on August 1, 1998,
until maturity; and to pay interest on any overdue principal at the same
rate per annum payable monthly as aforesaid, or, at the option of the
holder hereof, on demand. Both payments of principal and of interest shall
be payable at the principal office of the payee. Each payment of interest
shall be made, without necessity of presentation hereof, by check drawn to
the order of the holder hereof and sent to such holder at the address
theretofor designated by such holder in writing.

	 	1.	 	SUBORDINATION

               The indebtedness evidenced by this Debenture is subordinated to the
prior payment in full of all indebtedness owing by the Company for money
borrowed from banks, insurance companies and other institutional lenders
and specifically to Crestar Bank in accordance with the terms and
conditions of a certain Subordination Agreement (“Subordination Agreement”)
dated January 27, 1998 by and among Research Industries Incorporated,
Crestar Bank and Halifax Corporation, a copy of which is attached hereto
and made a part hereof as Appendix A, and the terms of which are
incorporated by reference with the same force and effect as if set forth
herein.

	 	2.	 	CONVERSION

               2.1    At any time from the date of issuance up to
and including the date of maturity or of prepayment (as
permitted herein), the holder of this Debenture has the
right, at its option, to convert the then remaining
principal amount hereof, in part or in whole, into common
stock of the Company, as such stock shall be constituted at
the date of conversion (the “Common Stock”), at an initial
conversion price of ELEVEN and 72/100 DOLLARS ($11.72) (the
“Conversion Price”) of the remaining principal amount of
this Debenture for one (1) share of Common Stock, at the
office of the Company, accompanied by written notice of
election of conversion and accompanied by a written
instrument of transfer of the Debenture in form satisfactory
to the Company. No fractional shares or scrip representing
fractional shares will be issued upon any conversion, but an
adjustment in cash will be made in respect of any fraction
of a share which would otherwise be issuable upon the
surrender of any Debenture for conversion on the basis of
the then prevailing Conversion Price.

1

 

               2.2    Conversion shall be deemed to have been effected
on the date when delivery of the conversion notice,
accompanied by documents reasonably satisfactory to the
Company as provided in Section 2.1 above, is made (the
“Conversion Date”). As promptly as practicable thereafter, the
Company shall issue and deliver to or upon the written order
of such holder a certificate or certificates for the number of
full shares of Common Stock to which such holder is entitled
and a check or cash with respect to any fractional interest in
a share of Common Stock as provided below. The entity in whose
name the certificate or certificates for Common Stock are to
be issued shall be deemed to have become a shareholder of
record on the applicable Conversion Date unless the transfer
books of the Company are closed on that dale, in which event
it shall be deemed to have become a shareholder of record on
the next succeeding date on which the transfer books are open,
but the Conversion Price shall be that in effect on the
Conversion Date. Upon conversion of only a portion of this
Debenture, the Company shall issue and deliver to or upon the
written order of the holder hereof, at the expense of the
Company, a new Debenture covering the principal amount of this
Debenture not converted, which new Debenture shall entitle the
holder thereof to interest on the principal amount thereof to
the same extent as if the unconverted portion of this
Debenture had not been surrendered for conversion.

	 	3.	 	ADJUSTMENT OF CONVERSION PRICE

               The Conversion Price (and as a result the number of shares
of Common Stock purchasable hereunder) shall be subject to
adjustment from time to time as follows:

               3.1    In case the Company shall at any time or from
time to lime issue or sell any additional shares of its Common
Stock (other than not more than 280,000 shares issued upon
exercise of options granted by the Company to its employees and
directors) without consideration or for consideration per share
less than the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to
the time of such issue or sale, then, forthwith upon such issue
or sale, said Conversion Price shall be adjusted to such lower
amount.

               3.2    In case at any time the Company shall in any
manner issue or grant (a)
options to purchase or rights to subscribe for Common Stock,
(b) securities by their terms convertible into or exchangeable
for Common Stock, or (c) options to purchase or rights to
subscribe for such convertible or exchangeable securities (such
options, rights and convertible or exchangeable securities
being herein called “Convertible Securities”) and the price per
share for which Common Stock is issuable upon the exercise,
conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities
(determined by dividing (x) the total amount, if any, received
or receivable by the Company as consideration for the granting
of such Convertible Securities, plus the minimum aggregate
amount of additional consideration, if any, payable upon the
exercise, conversion or exchange thereof, by (y) the total
maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the
exercise, conversion or exchange of such Convertible
Securities) shall be less than the Conversion Price in effect
immediately prior to the time of the granting of such rights or
options, then the Conversion Price shall be adjusted to such
lower amount upon the issue or grant of such Convertible
Securities; provided that no further adjustment of the
Conversion Price shall be made upon the actual issue of such
Common Stock upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of such
convertible Securities; and provided further, that upon the
expiration of such rights or options, if any thereof shall not
have been exercised, the Conversion Price shall forthwith be
readjusted and thereafter the Conversion Price shall be the
price which it would have been had adjustment been made on the
basis of the issue only of the shares of Common Stock actually
issued upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of such rights
or options.

2

 

               3.3    In case the Company shall at any time subdivide
its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number
of shares, the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to
such subdivision shall be proportionately reduced, and,
conversely, in case the outstanding shares of Common Stock of
the Company shall be combined into a smaller number of shares,
the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such
combination shall be proportionately increased.

               3.4    In case the Company shall declare a dividend or make
any other distribution upon any stock of the Company payable in
Common Stock or in Convertible Securities, the aggregate maximum number of shares of
Common Stock issuable in payment of such dividend or distribution or upon conversion of or in
exchange for such Convertible
Securities issuable in payment of such dividend or
distribution, shall be deemed to have been
issued and the Conversion Price shall be decreased so that
the number of shares purchasable
hereunder shall be increased in proportion to such
increase in shares deemed to be outstanding.

               3.5    If at any time while this Debenture is outstanding
there should be any
capital reorganization or reclassification of the capital
stock of the Company (other than a
subdivision or combination of shares provided for in
Section 3.3 hereof) or any consolidation or
merger of the Company with another corporation or any
sale, conveyance, lease or other transfer
by the Company of all or substantially all of its property
to any other corporation, the holder of
this Debenture shall thereafter upon exercise of this
Debenture be entitled to receive the number
of shares of stock or other securities or property of the
Company, or of the successor corporation
resulting from such consolidation or merger, as the case
may be, to which the Common Stock
(and any other securities and property) of the Company,
deliverable upon the conversion of this
Debenture would have been entitled upon such capital
reorganization, reclassification of capital
stock, consolidation, merger, sale or other transfer if
this Debenture had been converted
immediately prior to such capital reorganization,
reclassification of capital stock, consolidation,
merger, sale or other transfer; and, in any such case,
appropriate adjustment (as reasonably
determined by the Board of Directors of the Company) shall
be made in the application of the
provisions herein set forth with respect to the rights and
interests thereafter of the holder of this
Debenture to the end that the provisions set forth herein
(including the adjustment of the
Conversion Price and the number of shares issuable upon
the conversion of this Debenture) shall
thereafter be applicable, as near as reasonably may be, in
relation to any shares or other property
thereafter deliverable upon the conversion hereof as if
this Debenture had been exercised
immediately prior to such capital reorganization,
reclassification of capital stock, consolidation,
merger, sale or other transfer and the holder hereof had
carried out the terms of the exchange as
provided for by such capital reorganization,
reclassification of capital stock, consolidation or
merger. In the event that in any capital reorganization or
reclassification, consolidation or
merger, additional shares of Common Stock shall be issued
in exchange, conversion, substitution
or payment, in whole or in part for or on account of a
security of the Company other than
Common Stock, any such issue shall be treated as an issue
of Common Stock covered by the
provisions of Section 3 above with the amount of the
consideration received upon the issue
thereof being reasonably determined by the Board of
Directors of the Company. The Company
shall not effect any such capital reorganization,
consolidation or merger unless, upon or prior to
the consummation thereof, the successor corporation shall
assume by written instrument the
obligation to deliver to the holder hereof such shares of
stock, securities, cash or property as such
holder shall be entitled to purchase in accordance with
the foregoing provisions.

               3.6    In case at any time the Company shall propose to
take any action requiring an adjustment of the Conversion Price,
then, in any of said cases, the Company shall give prior

3

 

written notice, by first-class mail, postage prepaid,
addressed to the holder of this Debenture at the address of
such holder as shown on the books of the Company, of the date
on which (a) the books of the Company shall close or a record
shall be taken for such action or (b) such action shall take
place, as the case may be. Such notice shall also specify the
date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record
shall participate in said action. Such written notice shall
be given at least 20 days prior to the action in question and
not less than 20 days prior to the record dale or the date on
which the Company’s transfer books are closed in respect
thereto.

            3.7    For the purpose of any adjustment of the
Conversion Price pursuant to Section 3 hereof, the following
provisions shall also be applicable:

		
	 	     3.7.1    In case any shares of Common Stock or
Convertible Securities shall be issued for cash, the
consideration received therefor shall be deemed to be
the amount received by the Company therefor after
deducting therefrom any expenses incurred and any
underwriting commissions or concessions paid or allowed
by the Company in connection therewith. In case any
shares of Common Stock or Convertible Securities shall be
issued for a consideration other than cash (or a
consideration which includes cash, if such cash
constitutes a part of the assets of a corporation or
business substantially all of the assets of which are
being received as such consideration), then, for the
purposes of this Section 3, the Board of Directors shall
reasonably determine the fair value of such
consideration, and such Common Stock or Convertible
Securities shall be deemed to have been issued for an
amount of cash equal to the value so determined by the
Board of Directors. In case any shares of Common Stock or
Convertible Securities shall be issued together with
other stock or securities or other assets of the Company
for a consideration which includes both, the Board of
Directors shall similarly determine what part of the
consideration so received is to be deemed to be
consideration for the issue of such shares of such Common
Stock or Convertible Securities.
	 
	 	     3.7.2    So long as this Debenture remains
outstanding, the Company will not
issue any additional capital stock of any class
preferred as to dividends or as to the
distribution of assets upon voluntary or
involuntary liquidation, dissolution or
winding up, unless the rights of the holders
thereof shall be limited to a fixed sum or
percentage of par value in respect of
participation in dividends and in the distribution
of such assets.
	 
	 	     3.7.3    All calculations under this Section 3
shall be made to the nearest cent
or to the nearest one hundredth (l/100th) of a share, as the case may be.
	 
	 	     3.7.4    Anything in this Section 3 to the contrary notwithstanding, the
Company shall not be required to give effect to any
adjustment in the Conversion
Price unless and until the net effect of one or more
adjustments, determined as above
provided, shall have resulted in a change of the
Conversion Price by at least $0.05 per
share, such change in the actual conversion price
shall thereupon be given effect.
	 
	 	     3.7.5    Upon any adjustment to the Conversion
Price and/or an increase or
decrease in the number of shares of Common Stock
purchasable upon the exercise of
the conversion right set forth in this
Debenture, then, and in each such case, the
Company, within 10 days thereafter, shall give
notice thereof to the holder of this
Debenture stating the adjusted Conversion Price
and the increased or decreased
number of shares purchasable upon such exercise
and setting forth in reasonable

4

 

		
	 	detail the method of calculation and the facts (including
a statement of the consideration received or deemed to
have been received by the Company for any shares of Common
Stock or of Convertible Securities) upon which such
calculation is based. Where appropriate, such notice may
be given in advance and included as a part of the notice
required to be given pursuant to Section 3.6 hereof.

	 	4.	 	
RESERVATION OF SHARES; SHARES TO BE FULLY PAID;
COMPLIANCE WITH GOVERNMENTAL REQUIREMENTS; LISTING OF
COMMON STOCK

               The Company shall provide, free from preemptive rights,
out of its authorized but unissued shares, or out of shares
held in its treasury, sufficient shares to provide for the
conversion of the Debentures from time to time as such
Debentures are presented for conversion.

               4.1    The Company covenants that all shares of Common Stock
which may be
issued upon conversion of Debentures will upon issue be
fully paid and nonassessable by the
Company and free from all taxes, liens and charges with
respect to the issue thereof.

               4.2    The Company covenants that if any shares of Common
Stock to be
provided for the purpose of conversion of Debentures
hereunder require registration with or
approval of any governmental authority under any Federal
or state law before such shares may be
publicly traded following conversion, the Company will in
good faith and as expeditiously as
possible endeavor to secure such registration or approval,
as the case may be.

               4.3    The Company further covenants that so long as the
Common Stock shall
be listed on the American Stock Exchange or in the event
that it becomes listed or, any other
national securities exchange the Company will, if
permitted by the rules of such exchange, list
and keep listed and for sale so long as the Common Stock
shall be so listed on such exchange,
upon official notice of issuance, all Common Stock
issuable upon conversion of the Debentures.

	 	5.	 	PREPAYMENT OF DEBENTURES

               Subject to the terms and conditions hereof and the
Subordination Agreement, this Debenture may be prepaid, as a
whole or in part or parts, on any date more than two (2) years
after the date hereof as specified in a notice of prepayment, by
payment of all or a portion of the principal amount together
with interest on such principal amount accrued to the date fixed
for prepayment. If the Company shall determine to prepay all or
a portion of this Debenture, it shall cause written notice
thereof to be given by registered or certified mail, postage
prepaid, to the holder of this Debenture at least 60 days prior
to the date fixed for such prepayment. Such notice shall state
the prepayment date and the amount to be prepaid. The holder of
this Debenture may subsequently convert this Debenture, in whole
or in part, at any time prior to the prepayment date.

	 	6.	 	AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY

               Unless otherwise consented to in writing by the holder
of this Debenture, the Company covenants that it will:

5

 

               6.1    Maintain its corporate existence and (he
corporate existence of its subsidiaries, if any, and make
every reasonable effort to comply and cause its subsidiaries
to comply in such manner as advised so to do by its counsel
with all laws, governmental regulations, rules and ordinances,
and judicial orders, judgments and decrees applicable to the
Company, its subsidiaries, their business or their property
(except while the Company or a subsidiary is in good faith and
by appropriate proceedings contesting the validity of any of
the foregoing); keep adequate books of account in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles consistently
maintained (except as the Company or a subsidiary shall decide
to make any change in accounting methods or practices which is
consistent with generally accepted accounting principles); and
maintain and operate its properties and those of its
subsidiaries in a manner consistent with the efficient
operation of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries;

               6.2    Punctually pay and discharge or cause to be paid and
discharged all taxes,
assessments, and governmental charges lawfully imposed
upon it or any subsidiary or any of
their property, or upon the income and profits thereof;
provided, however, that nothing herein
contained shall require it or a subsidiary to pay or
discharge any tax, assessment, or
governmental charge, so long as the validity thereof shall
be contested by it in good faith and by
appropriate proceedings and, if necessary, there shall
have been established on the appropriate
books a reserve therefor deemed adequate by its Board of
Directors, unless thereby property
essential to the conduct of business will be lost,
forfeited, or materially endangered;

               6.3    At all times maintain, preserve, and keep its
properties and those of its
subsidiaries and each and every part and parcel thereof in
good repair, working order, and
condition so that the business carried on in connection
therewith may be properly and
advantageously conducted, but nothing herein contained
shall be construed to prevent the
Company or a subsidiary from surrendering or
discontinuing, or abandoning or selling, or
disposing of any property, in whole or in part, which is
deemed by its Board of Directors to be no
longer useful or of productive value to it, or where such
surrender, discontinuance, abandonment,
sale, or other disposition is deemed by its Board of
Directors to be advantageous in the due and
proper conduct of its business; and

               6.4    Maintain, for itself and cause each subsidiary to maintain property and
liability insurance with reputable insurance companies
insuring against such risks and in such
amounts as are appropriate considering the size and the
business of the Company and each
subsidiary.

               6.5    At all times have authorized, and reserved for the purpose of issue upon
conversion of this Debenture, a sufficient number of
shares of its common Stock to provide for
the exercise of the conversion rights granted pursuant
hereto.

	 	7.	 	ACTS OF DEFAULT

               The following shall be deemed acts of default:

               7.1    Default in the payment of any installment of interest
when it becomes due
and payable; or

               7.2    Default in the payment of the principal at maturity or
upon prepayment of
all or a portion thereof on the date fixed for such
prepayment; or

6

 

               7.3    Breach of or default in the performance of any
covenants herein and
continuance of such breach or default for a period of 30
days after notice to the Company by the
holder hereof, or

               7.4    Breach of or default in any of the terms of borrowings by the Company
constituting Superior Indebtedness unless waived in
writing by the holder of such Superior
Indebtedness within the period provided in such
indebtedness but in no event to exceed 30 days;
or

               7.5    Any insolvency or bankruptcy proceeding commenced by or against the
Company unless stayed or dismissed within 30 days.

	 	8.	 	CONSEQUENCES OF DEFAULT

               If any act of default occurs, the principal and interest
due hereunder shall be due and payable immediately without
presentment for payment, protest, or notice of nonpayment. If
the principal and interest hereon is not paid when due, the
holder hereof may resort to such process, legal or equitable,
as is necessary to collect the same, subject to the provisions
of the Subordination Agreement. In the event this Debenture
shall be referred to an attorney for collection, the Company
agrees to pay all reasonable costs of collection, including a
reasonable sum for attorneys’ fees. In the event this
Debenture shall become due and payable by an act of default
hereunder, holder shall have the additional option of
converting the total amount of principal and interest due
hereunder into common shares of the Company in the manner and
for the price provided for hereinabove. The Company shall
forthwith upon obtaining knowledge notify the holder of the
Debenture of the occurrence of any event or circumstance
(without taking into account any grace period) which gives or
will give rise to an act of default.

	 	9.	 	TRANSFERABILITY

               Subject to the terms of the legend hereon, this Debenture
may be transferred or endorsed to another by giving notice
thereof to the Company at its principal office or, if a new
Debenture is requested in connection with such transfer, by
surrender thereof for cancellation, endorsed or accompanied by
a written instrument of transfer, in form satisfactory to the
Company, duly executed by the holder thereof in person or by
his duly authorized representative, or by his agent or
attorney duly appointed in writing, and thereupon the Company
will issue and deliver, in the name of the transferee or
transferees, a new Debenture, of like terms and for a like
aggregate principal amount, expressly subject to the
Subordination Agreement, dated so that no gain or loss of
interest shall result from such transfer.

	 	10.	 	DAMAGED OR MISSING DEBENTURES

               If there be delivered to the Company evidence to its
reasonable satisfaction of the destruction, loss, theft or
mutilation of the Debenture and if the holder shall provide
such indemnity that may be required to save the Company and the
holder harmless, then in the absence of notice to the Company
that such Debenture has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser,
the Company shall execute and deliver to holder, in lieu of or
in exchange for such Debenture, a new Debenture of like terms
and principal amount, expressly subject to the Subordination
Agreement, and such Debenture shall be entitled to all the
rights and benefits of the original Debenture.

7

 

	 	11.	 	NOTICE

               Any notice, payment or delivery required or desired
hereunder shall be effective when mailed by first-class mail,
postage prepaid, addressed to the Company at 5250 Cherokee
Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia 22312 or to Research Industries
Incorporated the original holder, 123 North Pitt Street,
Alexandria, Virginia 22314 or at such other address as may be
provided by the holder hereof in writing.

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, HALIFAX CORPORATION, has caused this
Debenture to be signed in its corporate name and its corporate
seal to be impressed hereon by its duly authorized officers.

Dated: January 27, 1998

	 	 	 
	 	HALIFAX CORPORATION
	 	 	 
	 	By	
/s/ H. C. Mills
	 	 	

	 	 	
President

	 	 	 
	 	 	
(SEAL)
	Attest:	 	 

	 
	/s/ Ernest L. Ruffner
	

	Ernest L. Ruffner

Corporate Secretary

8

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