Document:

EXB 10.5 - 12.31.2012

Exhibit 10.5

AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT 

Agreement made and entered into effective as of the 30th day of December, 2008 (the “Effective Date”), amended and restated as of the 24th day of  December, 2012, by and between MasterCard International Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and Martina Hund-Mejean (the “Executive”).
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the Executive and the Company wish to continue the employment of the Executive on the terms and conditions specified herein; 
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter set forth, the parties agree as follows:
1.Term of Employment.
1.1    The term of the Executive’s employment hereunder which commenced on the Effective Date, and upon the second anniversary of the Effective Date and each anniversary of the Effective Date thereafter has been automatically extended for successive one (1) year terms, shall continue to be automatically extended for one (1) year from each further anniversary of the Effective Date, unless the Company or the Executive provides the other with written notice of termination of this Agreement at least ninety (90) days prior to any date on which this Agreement would otherwise expire (the “Term of Employment”).
2.    Capacities, Duties and Authority.
2.1    The Executive shall continue to serve the Company in the position of Chief Financial Officer.
2.2    During the Term of Employment, the Executive shall be employed and have such titles and authority, perform such duties, discharge such responsibilities and render such services as are assigned to the Executive from time to time by the Company.
2.3    During the Term of Employment, the Executive shall render her services diligently, faithfully and to the best of her ability, devoting thereto substantially all of her business time, energy and skills to the Company; provided, however, that nothing herein shall preclude the Executive from (i) making and managing personal investments; (ii) serving in any capacity with any civic, educational or charitable organization so long as 

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such activities are disclosed, in writing to the Company’s Global Compliance Officer in accordance with the terms of the Company’s Code of Conduct, as may be amended from time to time, (the “Company’s Code of Conduct”) and do not conflict with the interests of the Company, the terms of the Company’s Code of Conduct or interfere with the performance of the Executive’s duties and obligations hereunder, including, but not limited to the obligations set forth in Paragraph 6 hereof; or (iii) serving as an outside corporate director so long as such service is disclosed, in writing, to and approved, in writing, by the Company’s Global Compliance Officer in accordance with the terms of the Company’s Code of Conduct.  
3.    Compensation.
3.1    During the Term of Employment, the Executive shall be paid a base salary, payable in accordance with the regular payroll practices of the Company.  During the Term of Employment, the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”) shall annually review the Executive’s performance and determine, in its sole discretion, whether or not to increase the Executive’s base salary and, if so, the amount of such increase.  Once increased, the Executive’s base salary hereunder may not thereafter be decreased, except if the Compensation Committee determines, in its sole discretion, to reduce the base salary of substantially all members of the Executive Committee of the Company (“EC”), excluding the CEO, provided, however, in no event shall such reduction(s) of base salary by the Compensation Committee exceed, in the aggregate during the Term of Employment, ten (10%) percent of the Executive’s base salary then in effect.  The Executive’s base salary as in effect from time to time is hereinafter referred to as the “Base Salary.”
3.2    During the Term of Employment, the Executive shall be eligible to participate in such annual and/or long-term bonus or incentive plan(s) as is or may be generally made available to other employees of the Company at the Executive’s level, based upon performance goals or other criteria, terms and conditions as may be established by the Company, in its sole discretion.  Such bonus or incentive payment will be payable on terms as may be established by the Company, in accordance with the terms and conditions of such plans as may be in effect from time to time.  
3.3    The Executive shall be eligible, annually during the Term of Employment, for vacation, without loss or diminution of compensation, in accordance with Company policy then in effect.
4.    Employee Benefit Programs.
4.1    During the Term of Employment, the Executive shall be eligible to participate in and shall have the benefit of all the Company’s employee compensation or benefit plans and programs as are or may be generally made available to other employees of the Company at the Executive’s level, subject to the eligibility criteria set forth therein, 

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as such compensation or benefit plans or programs may be amended or terminated in the sole discretion of the Company from time to time.
4.2    During the Term of Employment, the Executive shall be eligible to participate in the Company’s executive perquisite program as such is or will be generally made available to members of the EC, excluding the CEO, in accordance with the terms and conditions of such program as may be in effect from time to time.
4.3    Nothing in this Paragraph 4 shall be construed to require the Company to establish, maintain or continue any compensation or benefit plan, program or arrangement.  Except as otherwise expressly provided by their terms, such compensation or benefit plans, programs or arrangements are subject to modification or termination by the Company at any time.
5.    Termination of Employment, Change in Control.
5.1    The Executive’s employment hereunder shall terminate:
5.1.1    upon the death of the Executive; 
5.1.2    at the option of the Company, upon the disability of the Executive, which for the purposes of this Agreement shall be defined as set forth under the MasterCard Long-Term Disability Benefits Plan, as it may be amended from time to time (“Disability”).  Any dispute concerning whether the Executive is deemed to have suffered a Disability for purposes of this Agreement shall be resolved in accordance with the dispute resolution procedures set forth in the MasterCard Long-Term Disability Benefits Plan.  
5.1.3    at the option of the Company, and effective upon the giving of written notice by the Company to the Executive of such exercise, for “Cause”, or effective on such other date as may be specified in such written notice (“Notice of Termination for Cause”), which, for purposes of this Agreement, shall mean:
(a)    the willful failure by the Executive to perform her duties or responsibilities (other than due to Disability); 
(b)    the Executive’s engaging in serious misconduct that is injurious to the Company including, but not limited to, damage to its reputation or standing in its industry;
(c)    the Executive’s having been convicted of, or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, a crime that constitutes a felony or a crime that constitutes a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude;

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(d)    the material breach by the Executive of any written covenant or agreement with the Company not to disclose any information pertaining to the Company; or
(e)    the breach by the Executive of the Code of Conduct, the Supplemental Code of Conduct, any material provision of this Agreement or any material provision of the following Company policies: non-discrimination, substance abuse, workplace violence, nepotism, travel and entertainment, corporation information security, antitrust/competition law, enterprise risk management, accounting, contracts, purchasing, communications, investor relations, immigration, privacy, insider trading, financial process and reporting procedures, financial approval authority, whistleblower, anti-corruption and other similar Company policies, whether currently in effect or adopted after the date of this Agreement.
The Company’s Notice of Termination For Cause shall state the date of termination and the basis for the Company’s determination that the Executive’s actions establish Cause hereunder.

5.1.4    at the option of the Company, for a reason other than death, Disability or Cause, effective ninety (90) days after the giving of written notice of such exercise or immediately upon the Company’s tender to the Executive of written notice and ninety (90) days’ Base Salary in lieu of such notice period, which shall be payable in a lump sum on the Date of Termination; 
5.1.5    at the option of the Executive, effective ninety (90) days after the giving of written notice to the Company of the grounds for termination for Good Reason by the Executive, which grounds, as specified by the Executive, have not been cured by the Company during such ninety (90) day period; provided, however, that the Executive gave notice to the Company of the event(s) constituting Good Reason within sixty (60) days after such event(s) (or within sixty (60) days after a Change in Control, which for purposes of this Agreement shall be defined as set forth under the MasterCard Incorporated 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan as it may be amended from time to time (“LTIP”), if the events giving rise to the Executive’s termination for Good Reason occurred during the six (6) month period preceding a Change in Control), failing which the Executive will be deemed to have waived her rights with respect to such event(s).  The Company may waive all or part of the ninety (90) day notice required to be given by the Executive hereunder by giving written notice to the Executive.  Unless waived by the Company, failure by the Executive to give notice of termination for Good Reason in compliance with this Paragraph, shall render the Executive ineligible to receive the payment and benefits provided under Paragraphs 5.2.5(b)-(f) and 5.2.7(b)-(d).  For purposes of this Agreement “Good Reason” shall mean the occurrence at any time of any of the following without the Executive’s prior written consent:

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(a)    the assignment to a position for which the Executive is not qualified or a materially lesser position than the position held by the Executive (although duties may differ without giving rise to a termination by the Executive for Good Reason);
(b)        a material reduction in the Executive’s annual Base Salary except that a 10 percent reduction, in the aggregate, over the Term of Employment as set forth in Paragraph 3.1 hereof shall not be treated as a material reduction;
(c)    the relocation of the Executive’s principal place of employment to a location more than fifty (50) miles from the Executive’s principal place of employment (unless such relocation does not increase the Executive’s commute by more than twenty (20) miles), except for required travel on the Company’s business to an extent substantially consistent with the Executive’s business travel obligations as of the date of relocation; or
(d)    the failure by the Company to obtain an agreement from any successor to the Company to assume and agree to perform any employment agreement between the Executive and the Company.
5.1.6    at the option of the Executive, effective ninety (90) days after the giving of written notice to the Company of the exercise of such option for a reason other than Good Reason as set forth in Paragraph 5.1.5, above (“Voluntary Resignation”).  The Company may waive all or part of the ninety (90) day notice required to be given by the Executive hereunder by giving written notice to the Executive.  Unless waived by the Company, failure by the Executive to give notice of termination by Voluntary Resignation in compliance with this Paragraph, shall render the Executive ineligible to receive the payment and benefits provided under Paragraphs 5.2.4(c).
5.1.7    if within sixty (60) days subsequent to the termination of the Executive’s employment for death, Disability, Good Reason, Voluntary Resignation or otherwise, it is determined that the Executive could have been terminated for Cause hereunder, such voluntary termination shall be recharacterized and treated as a termination for Cause for all purposes hereunder.  Prior to the implementation of such recharacterization, the Company shall provide the Executive with notice and the reason(s) for the recharacterization and at least five (5) days to provide a written response to the Company.  Thereafter, the Company may take appropriate legal action to seek recompense for any payments or benefits improperly paid to the Executive, her estate or beneficiaries hereunder.  Following a judicial determination, the prevailing party in any action under this Paragraph 5.1.7, shall be entitled to be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for reasonable legal fees and expenses incurred by the prevailing party  in connection with the judicial proceeding seeking to enforce the provisions of this Paragraph 5.1.7.

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5.1.8    on the last day of the calendar year in which the Executive attains the age of sixty-five (65) (“Mandatory Retirement”), at which time the Executive shall be required to retire.
5.2    Obligations of the Company upon Termination of Employment.
5.2.1    Death.  In the event of the Executive’s death during the Term of Employment, the Term of Employment shall end as of the date of the Executive’s death and her estate and/or beneficiaries, as the case may be, shall be entitled to receive the following lump sum payment (subject to any previously elected deferrals under the MasterCard Incorporated Deferral Plan), as soon as practicable, but in no event later than thirty (30) days following the Date of Termination:
(a)    Base Salary earned but not paid prior to the date of her death; 
(b)    payment for all accrued but unused vacation time up to the date of her death;
(c)    the target annual incentive bonus payable for the year in which the Executive’s death occurs and the prior year, if not already paid; and 
(d)    such additional benefits, if any, to which the Executive is expressly eligible following the termination of the Executive’s employment on account of death, payable or made available under such terms and conditions as may be provided by the then existing plans, programs and/or arrangements of the Company.
5.2.2    Disability.  If the Executive’s employment is terminated due to Disability during the Term of Employment, either by the Company or by the Executive, the Term of Employment shall end as of the date of the termination of the Executive’s employment (as provided in Paragraph 5.1.2 of this Agreement) and the Executive shall be entitled to receive the following lump sum payment (subject to any previously elected deferrals under the MasterCard Incorporated Deferral Plan), as soon as practicable, but in no event later than thirty (30) days following the Date of Termination:
(a)    Base Salary earned but not paid prior to the Date of Termination;
(b)    payment for all accrued but unused vacation time up to the Date of Termination;
(c)    a pro rata portion (based upon completed calendar months worked prior to the date of disability) of the target annual incentive bonus payable for the year in which the Executive’s termination of employment occurs and the prior year, if not already paid; and

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(d)    such additional benefits, if any, to which the Executive is expressly eligible following the termination of the Executive’s employment on account of Disability, payable or made available under such terms and conditions as may be provided by the then existing plans, programs and/or arrangements of the Company.
5.2.3    Cause.  If the Company terminates the Executive’s employment for Cause in accordance with the terms set forth in Paragraph 5.1.3 above, the Term of Employment shall end as of the Date of Termination and the Executive shall be entitled to receive the following lump sum payment, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than thirty (30) days following the Date of Termination:
(a)    Base Salary earned but not paid prior to the Date of Termination;
(b)    payment for all accrued but unused vacation time up to the Date of Termination; and
(c)    such additional benefits, if any, to which the Executive is expressly eligible following the termination of the Executive’s employment by the Company for Cause, payable or made available under such terms and conditions as may be provided by the then existing plans, programs and/or arrangements of the Company.
5.2.4    Voluntary Resignation or Non Renewal by The Executive.  If the Executive terminates her employment by Voluntary Resignation, in accordance with the terms set forth in Paragraph 5.1.6 above or elects not to renew the Term of Employment in accordance with Paragraph 1.1, the Term of Employment shall end as of the Date of Termination; and the Executive shall be entitled to receive the following lump sum payment, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than thirty (30) days following the Date of Termination:
(a)    Base Salary earned but not paid prior to the Date of Termination;
(b)    payment for all accrued but unused vacation time up to the Date of Termination; and
(c)    such additional benefits, if any, to which the Executive is expressly eligible following the termination of the Executive’s employment by Voluntary Resignation, payable or made available under such terms and conditions as may be provided by the then existing plans, programs and/or arrangements of the Company.
5.2.5    Without Cause, With Good Reason or Upon Non-Renewal by the Company.  If the Executive’s employment is terminated by the Company (other than for Cause or Disability) in accordance with the terms set forth in Paragraph 5.1.4 above, or if the Executive terminates her employment with Good Reason in accordance with the 

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terms set forth in Paragraph 5.1.5 above, or if the Company elects to not renew the Term of Employment in accordance with Paragraph 1.1 (whether before or after a Change in Control), the Term of Employment shall end as of the Date of Termination and the Executive shall be entitled to:
(a)    the following payments following the Date of Termination: (i) a lump sump payment (subject to any previously elected deferrals under the MasterCard Incorporated Deferral Plan), within thirty (30) days following the Date of Termination of all Base Salary earned but not paid prior to the Date of Termination; (ii) a lump sum payment within thirty (30) days following the Date of Termination equal to all accrued but unused vacation time up to the Date of Termination; and (iii) a pro rata portion (based upon actually completed calendar months worked) of the annual incentive bonus payable for the year in which the Executive’s termination of employment occurs based on the actual performance of the Company for the applicable performance period as determined by the Compensation Committee and payable in accordance with the regular bonus pay practices of the Company, as contemplated in accordance with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and to the extent not already paid, the annual incentive bonus for the year immediately preceding the year in which the Executive’s Date of Termination occurs, payable in the amount and at the time such bonus would have been paid had he remained employed;
(b)    subject to the Executive’s execution (without revocation) of the Separation Agreement and Release as set forth in Paragraph 5.2.5(f), severance pay, in the form of Base Salary continuation and payment of an amount equivalent to the average annual incentive bonus earned by the Executive with respect to the prior two years of the Executive’s employment by the Company (the “Average Bonus Payment”), payable on a schedule in accordance with the regular payroll practices (but in no event less frequently than monthly) and annual incentive bonus pay practices of the Company (such Base Salary continuation and Average Bonus Payment being collectively referred to herein as “Severance Pay”) for a twenty-four (24) month period following the Executive’s Date of Termination (the “Severance Pay Period”).  Each such installment payment shall be deemed a separate payment for Section 409A of the Code.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, to the extent required under Section 409A of the Code, payments of the Severance Pay shall commence no earlier than the first day of the seventh month following the Executive’s Date of Termination (or such earlier date as is permitted under Section 409A of the Code)(with the first such payment being a lump sum equal to the aggregate payments the Executive would have received during such six-month period if no such delay had been imposed) in accordance with Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code; provided that, to the extent such amounts do not exceed two (2) times the lesser of: (i) the Executive’s Base Salary for the year preceding the year in which the Date of Termination occurs; and (ii) the maximum amount that may be taken into account under a qualified plan pursuant to Section 401(a)(17) of the Code for the year in which the Date of Termination occurs, such amounts shall be paid in accordance with the schedule set forth in this Paragraph 5.2.5(b) without regard to such six (6) month delay. 

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In the event that the Executive dies prior to receipt of all Severance Pay due hereunder, any remaining Severance Pay due to the Executive under this Paragraph 5.2.5(b) shall be paid to the Executive’s estate in a lump sum as soon as practicable following the Executive’s death but in no event later than ninety (90) days following the date of the Executive’s death; 
(c)    subject to the Executive’s execution (without revocation) of the Separation Agreement and Release, as set forth in Paragraph 5.2.5(f), payment on the Executive’s behalf, for the monthly cost of the premiums for coverage under the Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended (“COBRA”), for a period equivalent to the eighteen (18) month COBRA period (twenty-nine (29) month period, if the Executive is disabled under the Social Security Act within the first sixty (60) days of the continuation period) or the Severance Pay Period, whichever is shorter (the “Medical Benefits”), provided, however, such coverage shall not be provided if during such period the Executive is or becomes ineligible under the provisions of COBRA for continuing coverage; and provided, further, that if the Executive is eligible for Retiree Health Coverage under the MasterCard Retiree Health Plan, the Company shall pay the full cost of such Retiree Health or COBRA coverage, as applicable, during the Severance Pay Period and thereafter, retiree contribution levels provided under the provisions of the Retiree Health Plan shall apply; 
(d)    subject to the Executive’s execution (without revocation) of the Separation Agreement and Release, as set forth in Paragraph 5.2.5(f), reasonable outplacement services, to be provided by a firm selected by the Company, at a level generally made available to executives of the Company for the shorter of the Severance Pay Period or the period she remains unemployed;
(e)    such other benefits, if any, to which the Executive is expressly eligible following the termination of the Executive’s employment by the Company without Cause, by the Executive with Good Reason or by the Company Upon Non-Renewal, payable or made available under such terms and conditions as may be provided by the then existing plans, programs and/or arrangements of the Company. (other than any severance payments payable under the terms of any benefit plan, including, but not limited to, the MasterCard International Incorporated Severance Plan). 
(f)    The Company’s obligations to make payments and provide benefits under Paragraphs 5.2.5(b)-(d) are conditioned on the Executive or her legal representative’s execution (without revocation) of a separation agreement and general release of claims (“Separation Agreement and Release”) in substantially the form annexed hereto, provided that if the Executive should fail to execute such Separation Agreement and Release such that it is legally effective and not subject to revocation within sixty (60) days following the Date of Termination, the Company shall not have any obligation to make the payments and provide the benefits contemplated under Paragraphs 5.2.5(b)-(d).  Payments otherwise due during the period following the Date of 

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Termination during which the Executive is required to executive a legally effective Separation Agreement and Release shall be aggregated and paid in a lump sum on the first regular payroll occurring after the Executive’s signed release becomes legally effective and not subject to revocation, with subsequent payments following over the time period originally scheduled under this Paragraph 5.2.5.    
5.2.6    Termination Upon Mandatory Retirement.  In the event the Executive’s employment with the Company ends upon Mandatory Retirement, the Executive shall be eligible for the following lump sum payment  (subject to any previously elected deferrals under the MasterCard Incorporated Deferral Plan) as soon as practicable, but in no event later than thirty (30) days following the Date of Termination:
(a)    Base Salary earned but not paid prior to the Date of Termination;
(b)    payment for all accrued but unused vacation time up to the Date of Termination;
(c)    a pro rata portion (based upon actually completed calendar months worked ) of the annual incentive bonus payable for the year in which the Executive’s termination of employment occurs and the prior year, if not already paid, based upon the actual performance of the Company for the applicable performance period (and taking into account the terms of the Plan including but not limited to the discretion of the Compensation Committee to reduce such bonus amount) as contemplated in accordance with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code, with such amount payable when the incentive bonus is regularly paid to similarly situated employees for such year; and 
(d)    such additional vested benefits to which the Executive is expressly entitled following the termination of the Executive’s employment, payable or made available under such terms and conditions as may be provided by the then existing plans, programs and/or arrangements of the Company, provided, however, in no event shall the Executive be entitled to any payment or benefit provided pursuant to Paragraphs 5.2.5(b), (c) and (d) of this Agreement.
5.2.7  Gross-Up Payments.
(a)    subject to the Executive’s execution (without revocation) of the Separation Agreement and Release, as set forth in Paragraph 5.2.5(f), if any of the payments or benefits received or to be received by the Executive in connection with her employment or termination thereof (whether such payments or benefits are provided pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any other plan, arrangement or agreement with the Company or its subsidiaries) (such payments or benefits, excluding the Gross-Up Payment, being hereinafter referred to as the “Total Payments”) will be subject to the excise tax (the “Excise Tax”) imposed under Section 4999 of the Code, the Company 

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shall pay to the Executive no later than the time such Excise Tax is required to be paid by the Executive or withheld by the Company, such additional amounts (the “Gross-Up Payment”) such that the net amount retained by the Executive, taking into account the Gross-Up Payment, and after deduction of any federal, state and local income and employment taxes and Excise Taxes, shall be equal to the Excise Tax on such Gross-Up Payment and the Total Payments (calculated on a hypothetical basis by taking into account the provisions of Paragraph 5.2.7(b) hereof).  Notwithstanding the above, if it is determined that the Excise Tax would cause the net after-tax Total Payments to be paid to or on behalf of the Executive to be less than what she would have netted, after federal, state and local income taxes without taking into account any Gross-Up Payment, had the present value of her Total Payments equaled one dollar ($1) less than three times her base amount, as defined under Section 280G(b)(3)(A) of the Code, then the Executive’s Total Payments shall be reduced (but not below the minimum possible amount), so that no portion of the Total Payments is subject to the Excise Tax (the amount of the reduction is hereinafter referred to as the “Cut-Back Amount”).  The Cut-Back Amount shall be achieved in such a manner so that the reduction of amounts payable or benefits to be provided to the Executive is minimized.  In applying this principle, the reduction shall be made in a manner consistent with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, and where two (2) economically equivalent amounts are subject to reduction but payable at different times, such amounts shall be reduced on a pro-rata basis, but not below zero.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent required under Section 409A of the Code, Gross-Up Payments shall not be made earlier than the first day of the seventh month following the Executive’s Date of Termination in accordance with Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code.
(b)    for purposes of determining whether any of the Total Payments will be subject to the Excise Tax and the amount of such Excise Tax, (i) all of the Total Payments shall be treated as “parachute payments” (within the meaning of Section 280G(b)(2) of the Code) unless, in the opinion of tax counsel (“Tax Counsel”) selected by the Company and reasonably acceptable to the Executive, such payments or benefits (in whole or in part) do not constitute parachute payments, including by reason of Section 280G(b)(4)(A) of the Code, (ii) all “excess parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G(b)(1) of the Code shall be treated as subject to the Excise Tax unless, in the opinion of Tax Counsel, such excess parachute payments (in whole or in part) represent reasonable compensation for services actually rendered (within the meaning of Section 280G(b)(4)(B) of the Code) in excess of the “base amount” (as defined in Section 280G(b)(3) of the Code) allocable to such payment, or are otherwise not subject to the Excise Tax, and (iii) the value of any non cash benefits or any deferred payment or benefit shall be determined by Tax Counsel in accordance with the principles of Sections 280G(d)(3) and (4) of the Code.  For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall be deemed to pay federal income tax at the highest marginal rate of federal income taxation in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made and state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation in the state and locality of the Executive’s residence or place of employment 

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under which such amounts are subject to taxation, whichever is greater, in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes.
(c)    subject to the Executive’s execution (without revocation) of the Separation Agreement and Release, as set forth in Paragraph 5.2.5(f), in the event that the Excise Tax is determined to exceed the amount taken into account hereunder in calculating the Gross-Up Payment (including by reason of any payment the existence or amount of which cannot be determined at the time of the Gross-Up Payment), the Company shall make an additional Gross-Up Payment in respect of such excess (plus any interest, penalties or additions payable by the Executive with respect to such excess) within five (5) business days following the time that the amount of such excess is finally determined.  In the event that the Excise Tax is determined to be less than the amount taken into account hereunder in calculating the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive shall repay to the Company within five (5) business days following the time that such difference is finally determined the portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to such reduction (plus the portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to such Excise Tax and federal, state and local income tax imposed on the Gross-Up Payment being repaid by the Executive if such repayment results in a reduction in such Excise Tax or a federal, state and local income tax deduction) plus any interest received by the Executive on the amount of such repayment less any federal, state and local income and employment taxes actually paid by the Executive on such interest.  The Executive and the Company shall each reasonably cooperate with the other in connection with any administrative or judicial proceedings concerning the existence or amount of liability for any Excise Tax with respect to the Total Payments.
(d)     Notwithstanding any other provision of this Paragraph 5.2.7, any Gross-Up Payments shall be made no later than the last day of the taxable year following the year in which the Executive remits the related tax in accordance with Treas. Reg. Section 1.409A-3(i)(1)(v).  
5.3    Except as expressly provided by Paragraph 5.2, any payment or benefit provided under Paragraph 5.2 hereof shall be in lieu of any other severance, bonus or other payments, perquisites or benefits, including any further accruals or vesting thereof, to which the Executive might then or, in the future, be eligible pursuant to this Agreement or any statutory or common law claim. In order to preserve the parties’ respective legal rights in the event of a dispute, the Executive acknowledges and agrees that in the event the parties dispute whether the Executive shall be eligible to a payment hereunder, such payment shall not be deemed to be earned or otherwise vest hereunder until such time as the dispute is determined by a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise resolved.  The foregoing shall not be deemed to prohibit a court of competent jurisdiction from awarding prejudgment interest under circumstances in which it may deem it appropriate to do so.

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5.4    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if the Company has reason to believe that there are circumstances which, if substantiated, would constitute Cause as defined herein, the Company may suspend the Executive from employment immediately upon notice for such period of time as shall be reasonably necessary for the Company to ascertain whether such circumstances are substantiated.  During such suspension, the Executive shall continue to be paid the compensation and provided all benefits hereunder in accordance with the regular payroll and benefit practices of the Company; provided, however, that if the Executive has been indicted or otherwise formally charged by governmental authorities with any felony, the Company may, in its sole discretion, and without limiting the Company’s discretion to terminate the Executive’s employment for Cause (provided it has grounds to do so under the terms of Paragraph 5.1.3 hereof), suspend the Executive without continuation of any compensation or benefits hereunder (except health benefits, which shall be continued during the period of suspension), pending final disposition of such criminal charge(s).  Upon receiving notice of any such suspension, the Executive shall promptly leave the premises of the Company and remain off such premises until further notice from the Company. In the event the Executive is suspended as a result of such charges, but is later acquitted or otherwise exonerated from such charges, the Company shall pay to the Executive such compensation, with interest, calculated from the date such compensation was suspended at the prime lending rate in effect on the date the Company receives notice from the Executive of such acquittal or exoneration, and provide benefits withheld from the Executive during the period of the Executive’s suspension, if any all of which shall be paid and provided within thirty (30) days of the date of the Executive’s acquittal or exoneration from criminal charges that resulted in her suspension shall be limited with respect to the period of up to two (2) years from the date of suspension.
5.5    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the date of termination for purposes of payment of deferred compensation under any Company deferred compensation plans shall be determined in accordance with the terms of such plans.
6.    Acknowledgements; Confidential Information; Competitive Activities; Non Solicitation.
6.1    The Executive acknowledges and agrees as follows:  
6.1.1    The Company is in the payments industry and provides such services both nationally and internationally without limitation to any geographic area.
6.1.2    Since the Company would suffer irreparable harm if the Executive left the Company’s employ and solicited the business and/or employees of the Company or otherwise interfered with business relationships of the Company, it is reasonable to protect the Company against such activities by the Executive for a limited period of time after the Executive leaves the Company.

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6.1.3    The covenants contained in Paragraphs 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 below are reasonably necessary for the protection of the Company and are reasonably limited with respect to the activities they prohibit, their duration, their geographical scope and their effect on the Executive and the public.  The purpose and effect of the covenants simply are to protect the Company for a limited period of time from unfair competition by the Executive.
6.2    Confidentiality
6.2.1    For the purposes of this Agreement, all confidential or proprietary information concerning the business and affairs of the Company, including, without limitation, all trade secrets, know-how and other information generally retained on a confidential basis by the Company concerning its designs, products, methods, techniques, systems, engineering data, software codes and specifications, formulae, processes, inventions and discoveries, business plans, pricing, product plans and the identities of, and the nature of the Company’s dealings with, its members, suppliers and customers, whether or not such information shall, in whole or in part, be subject to or capable of being protected by patent, copyright or trademark laws, shall constitute “Confidential Information.”  The Executive acknowledges that she has had and, will from time to time have access to and has obtained and will in the future obtain knowledge of certain Confidential Information, and that improper use or revelation thereof by the Executive, during or after the termination of her employment by the Company, could cause serious injury to the business of the Company.  Accordingly, the Executive agrees that, unless otherwise required by law, she will forever keep secret and inviolate all Confidential Information which shall have come or shall hereafter come into her possession, and that she will not use the same for her own private benefit, or directly or indirectly for the benefit of others, and that she will not disclose such Confidential Information to any other person.  If the Executive is legally compelled (by deposition, interrogatory, request for documents, subpoena, civil investigative demand or similar process) to disclose any of the Confidential Information, she shall provide the Company with prompt prior written notice of such legal requirement, so that the Company may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy and/or waive compliance with the terms of this paragraph.  In any event, the Executive may furnish only that portion of the Confidential Information which the Executive is advised by legal counsel is required, and she shall exercise her best efforts to obtain an order or assurance that confidential treatment will be accorded such Confidential Information as is disclosed.  Notwithstanding anything contained herein which may be to the contrary, the term “Confidential Information” does not include any information which at the time of disclosure is generally available to and known by the public, other than as a result of a disclosure directly or indirectly by the Executive.
6.2.2    Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall preclude the Executive from (i) making any disclosure as required by law or legal process; or (ii) participating, cooperating, or testifying in any action, investigation, or proceeding by or 

14

before, or providing information to, any governmental agency or legislative body, any self-regulatory organization, or the Company’s Law Department or the Global Ethics and Compliance Officer in the General Counsel’s Office; provided, however, that upon the Executive’s obtaining notice of a requirement to take any action pursuant to Paragraph 6.2.2(i) or (ii), the Executive shall, to the extent permitted by law, provide the Company with immediate written notice of any required disclosures, subpoenas, or any other legal process, which notice shall include a copy of any such disclosure request, subpoena, or other legal process.
6.3    In addition to the acknowledgments by the Executive set forth in Paragraph 6.1 above, the Executive acknowledges that the services provided by her for the Company are a significant factor in the creation of valuable, special and unique assets which are expected to provide the Company with a competitive advantage.  Accordingly, the Executive agrees that for the Term of Employment through the duration of the Severance Pay Period or in the event the Executive is ineligible for Severance Pay pursuant to Paragraph 5.2.3 or 5.2.4 above, for a period of twelve (12) months, the Executive will not directly or indirectly for herself or any third party invest in, own, become employed by, or render any consulting, advisory or other services to, or for the benefit of, any business or activity that competes with any business or activity (i) engaged in by the Company or, (ii) to the knowledge of the Executive, that the Company has undertaken efforts to engage in and/or plan, without regard to geographic limitation.  This prohibition includes, but is not limited to the Executive becoming an investor in, owner of, employed by, or directly or indirectly performing services for the following, including their subsidiaries, affiliates, and successors:  (i) VISA Inc., VISA Europe, American Express, Discover, China Union Pay, JCB, Diners Club International, PayPal, Revolution, Tempo, Bill Me Later, Inc., First Data Corporation, Metevant, Star Network Inc. or NYCE (ii) any other payment card business or processor; (iii) any company or other entity in the payments business that holds a seat on the Board of Directors of VISA Inc. or Visa Europe; or (iv) any company or other entity that is a party to a brand dedication agreement (the term of which is two years or more) with VISA Inc., VISA Europe or American Express and (x) whose VISA or American Express branded volume, as of the Date of Termination of the Executive’s employment, is equal to or greater than 75% of the total volume generated by cards issued by such company or (y) pursuant to the terms of such brand dedication agreement is contractually obligated to increase its VISA or American Express branded volume up to an amount equal to or greater than 75% of the total volume generated by cards issued by such company during the term of such brand dedication agreement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, it shall not be a violation of the Agreement for the Executive to have beneficial ownership of less than 1% of the outstanding amount of any class of securities of any enterprise (but without otherwise participating in the activities of such enterprise) if such securities are listed on a national securities exchange or quoted on an inter-dealer quotation system.  The Executive acknowledges and agrees that the non-compete provision set forth herein is intended to limit competition by the Executive to the maximum extent permitted by law.  If it shall be finally determined by any court of competent jurisdiction that the scope or duration of 

15

any limitation contained herein is too extensive to be legally enforceable, then the Executive agrees that the provisions shall instead be construed to be confined to such lesser scope or duration as shall be legally enforceable, and the Executive hereby consents to the enforcement of such limitation as so modified. 
6.4    During the Term of Employment, and thereafter for the duration of the Severance Pay Period, or in the event that the Executive is ineligible for Severance Pay pursuant to Paragraph 5.2.3 or 5.2.4 for a period of twelve (12) months following the Executive’s Date of Termination, the Executive shall not herself, or by assisting any other person to, directly or indirectly, (a) hire or cause to be hired any level 5 or higher level employee, agent, consultant or representative of the Company, (b) solicit, induce, recruit or encourage any other level 5 or higher level employee, agent, consultant or representative to leave the service of the Company for any reason, or (c) induce any customer, supplier or other person with whom the Company is engaged in business, or to the knowledge of the Executive planned or proposed to engage in business, to terminate any commercial relationship with the Company or cease to accept or issue its products and/or use its services.
6.5    The Executive acknowledges and agrees as follows:
6.5.1    The Executive agrees to promptly disclose to the Company any and all discoveries, developments, inventions, products, services, processes, formulas, and improvements thereof, (“Inventions”) whether or not patentable, relating to the products, services, commercial or other endeavors of the Company, its subsidiaries and affiliates, which the Executive may invent, discover, develop or learn in connection with the Executive’s employment.  The Executive agrees that such inventions are the exclusive and absolute property of the Company and that the Company will be the sole and absolute owner of all intellectual property rights, including patent and any and all other rights in connection therewith.  The Executive agrees to give all reasonable assistance in the preparation and/or execution of any papers the Company may request to reflect such interest and to secure patent or other protection for such Inventions.
6.5.2    The Executive understands that in the course of employment, the Executive may prepare writings, drawings, diagrams, designs, specifications, manuals, instructions and other materials, and computer code and programs (“Works”).  Such Works are “works made for hire “under United States copyright law and the Company shall be the owner of the Executive’s entire right of authorship in such Works.  If such Works are deemed by operation of law not to be “works made for hire,“ the Executive hereby assigns to the Company the Executive’s entire right of authorship, including copyright ownership in such Works and agrees to execute any document deemed necessary by the Company in connection therewith.
6.6    In the event that the Company determines, in good faith, that the Executive has breached her obligations under Paragraphs 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 or 6.5, the 

16

Company shall be under no obligation to provide any further Severance Pay or provide any further payments or benefits otherwise due under Paragraphs 5.2.5(b)–(d) above, during the remainder of the Severance Pay Period.  In the event of a judicial determination that the Executive has breached her obligations under Paragraphs 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 or 6.5, in addition to any damages or other relief otherwise available to the Company, the Executive shall be obligated to reimburse the Company for any Severance Pay previously received from the Company.  In addition, following a judicial determination, the prevailing party shall be entitled to be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for reasonable legal fees and expenses incurred by the prevailing party in connection with the judicial proceeding seeking to enforce the provisions of Paragraph 6 hereof. 
6.7    For the purposes of this Agreement, the period of restriction of confidentiality or proprietary information and competition is intended to limit disclosure and competition by the Executive to the maximum extent permitted by law.  If it shall be finally determined by any court of competent jurisdiction ruling on this Agreement that the scope or duration of any limitation contained in this Agreement is too extensive to be legally enforceable, then the parties hereby agree that the provisions hereof shall be construed to be confined to such scope or duration (not greater than that provided for herein) as shall be legally enforceable, and the Executive hereby consents to the enforcement of such limitations as so modified.
6.8    The Executive acknowledges that any violation by her of the provisions of this Paragraph 6 would cause serious and irreparable damage to the Company.  She further acknowledges that it might not be possible to measure such damage in money.  Accordingly, the Executive agrees that, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Executive of the provisions of this Paragraph, the Company may seek, in addition to any other rights or remedies, including money damages or specific performance, an injunction or restraining order, without the need to post any bond or other security, prohibiting the Executive from doing or continuing to do any acts constituting such breach or threatened breach.
7.    Reimbursement of Business Expense.
During the Term of Employment, subject to and in accordance with the Company’s policies with regard to such matters, the Executive is authorized to incur reasonable business expenses in carrying out her duties and responsibilities under the Agreement, and the Company shall promptly reimburse her for all such properly documented business expenses incurred in accordance with the Company’s travel and business expense reimbursement policy in connection with carrying out the business of the Company.
8.    Indemnity.
The Company shall indemnify the Executive, to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, for any acts or 

17

omissions taken or made by the Executive during the Term of Employment, within the scope of her authority under this Agreement.
9.    Miscellaneous.
9.1    This Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without reference to principles of conflict of laws.  Any legal suit, action or proceeding by or against any party hereto arising out of or relating to this Agreement and/or the Separation Agreement and Release shall be instituted in a federal or state court in the State of New York, and each party hereto waives any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any such suit, action or proceeding and each party hereto irrevocably submits to the jurisdiction of any such court in any suit, action or proceeding.
9.2    The Executive acknowledges and agrees that she is and will be bound to the terms of the Company’s Code of Conduct, Supplemental Code of Conduct and any other agreements she has executed or may execute in the future regarding confidentiality, trade secrets, inventions restrictions on competition, solicitation or which create other post-employment obligations, including, but not limited to any agreement executed in connection with the Executive’s past or future participation in the Company’s LTIP.
9.3    This Agreement shall incorporate the complete understanding and agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede any and all other prior or contemporaneous agreements, written or oral, between the Executive and the Company or any predecessor thereof, with respect to such subject matter.  No provision hereof may be modified or waived except by a written instrument duly executed by the Executive and the Company.
9.4    The Executive acknowledges that before entering into this Agreement she has received a reasonable period of time to consider this Agreement and has had sufficient time and an opportunity to consult with any attorney or other advisor of her choice in connection with this Agreement and all matters contained herein, and that she has been advised to do so if he so chooses.  The Executive further acknowledges that this Agreement and all terms hereof are fair, reasonable and are not the result of any fraud, duress, coercion, pressure or undue influence exercised by the Company, that she has approved and entered into this Agreement and all of the terms hereof on her own free will, and that no promises or representations have been made to her by any person to induce her to enter into this Agreement other than the express terms set forth herein.
9.5    The Company shall be eligible to deduct and withhold from all compensation payable to the Executive pursuant to this Agreement all amounts required to be deducted and withheld therefrom pursuant to any present or future law, regulation or ordinance of the United States of America or any state or local jurisdiction therein or any foreign taxing jurisdiction.

18

9.6    Paragraph headings are included in this Agreement for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of the text hereof.
9.7    Any and all notices, demands or other communications to be given or made hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been fully given or made when personally delivered, or on the third business day after mailing from within the continental United States by registered mail, postage prepaid, addressed as follows:
If to the Company:
MasterCard International Incorporated
2000 Purchase Street
Purchase, New York  10577

Attention:  General Counsel

with a copy to:

MasterCard International Incorporated
2000 Purchase Street
Purchase, New York  10577

Attention:  Chief Human Resources Officer

If to the Executive:
Martina Hund-Mejean

Either party may change the address to which any notices to it shall be sent by giving to the other party written notice of such change in conformity with the foregoing.
9.8    This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
9.9    This Agreement may be assigned by the Company to, and shall inure to the benefit of, any successor to substantially all the assets and business of the Company as a going concern, whether by merger, consolidation or purchase of substantially all of the assets of the Company or otherwise, provided that such successor shall assume the Company’s obligations under this Agreement.  This Agreement shall inure to the benefit 

19

of and be enforceable by the Executive’s personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, successors, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees. 
9.10    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if any payment, compensation or other benefit provided to the Executive in connection with her employment termination is determined, in whole or in part, to constitute “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code and the Executive is a specified employee as defined in Section 409A(a)(2)(b)(i) of the Code, no part of such payments shall be paid before the first day of the seventh month following the Executive’s Date of Termination (such date, the “New Payment Date”).  The aggregate of any payments that otherwise would have been paid to the Executive during the period between the Date of Termination and the New Payment Date shall be paid to the Executive in a lump sum on such New Payment Date.  Thereafter, any payments that remain outstanding as of the day immediately following the New Payment Date shall be paid without delay over the time period originally scheduled, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.  If the Executive dies during the period between the Date of Termination and the New Payment Date, the amounts withheld on account of Section 409A of the Code shall be paid to the Executive’s beneficiary within thirty (30) days of the Executive’s death.
9.11    This Agreement is intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, and, specifically, with the separation pay exemption and short term deferral exemption of Section 409A, and shall in all respects be administered in accordance with Section 409A.  Notwithstanding anything in the Agreement to the contrary, distributions may only be made under the Agreement upon an event and in a manner permitted by Section 409A of the Code or an applicable exemption.  All payments to be made upon a termination of employment under this Agreement may only be made upon a “separation from service” under Section 409A.  For purposes of Section 409A of the Code, the right to a series of installment payments under this Agreement shall be treated as a right to a series of separate payments.  In no event may the Executive, directly or indirectly, designate the calendar year of a payment that is subject to Code Section 409A.  All reimbursements and in-kind benefits provided under this Agreement and the Separation Agreement and Release shall be made or provided in accordance with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, including, where applicable, the requirement that (i) any reimbursement shall be for expenses incurred during the Executive’s lifetime (or during a shorter period of time specified in this Agreement or the Separation Agreement and General Release, as applicable), (ii) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits provided, during a calendar year may not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other calendar year, (iii) the reimbursement of an eligible expense will be made on or before the last day of the calendar year following the year in which the expense is incurred, and (iv) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the Company and the Executive has executed this Agreement effective as of the Effective Date.
	
						
	 
	 
	 
	MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL
	 

	 
	 
	 
	INCORPORATED
	 

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	/s/ Martina Hund-Mejean
	 
	By: /s/ Ajaypal Banga
	 

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	     Martina Hund-Mejean
	 
	           Ajaypal Banga
	 

	 
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 

	 
	 
	 
	           President and Chief Executive
	 

	 
	 
	 
	           Officer
	 

21SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

 

This Securities Purchase
Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of _______ ___, 2013, between Marina Biotech, Inc., a Delaware corporation
(the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors
and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively, the “Purchasers”). 

 

WHEREAS, subject to
the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each
Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in
this Agreement.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, IN
CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and
adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I. 

DEFINITIONS

 

1.1           Definitions.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement: (a) capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have
the meanings given to such terms in the Certificate of Designation (as defined herein), and (b) the following terms have the meanings
set forth in this Section 1.1:

 

“Acquiring
Person” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.7.

 

“Action”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).

 

“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common
control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

“Board
of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

 

“Business
Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or
any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to
close.

 

“Certificate
of Designation” means the Certificate of Designation to be filed prior to the Closing by the Company with the Secretary
of State of Delaware, in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.

 

“Closing”
means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.

 

    	 

    	 

    

 

“Closing
Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable
parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii)
the Company’s obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than
the third Trading Day following the date hereof.

 

“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Common
Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.006 per share, and any other class of securities into which
such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

 

“Common
Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to
acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, rights, options, warrants or other
instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to
receive, Common Stock.

 

“Company
Counsel” means Pryor Cashman LLP, with offices located at7 Times Square, New York, New York 10036.

 

“Conversion
Price” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Certificate of Designation.

 

“Conversion
Shares” means, collectively, the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the shares of Preferred Stock in
accordance with the terms hereof.

 

“Disclosure
Schedules” means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.

 

“EGS”
means Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, with offices located at 150 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10017.

 

“Escrow
Agent” means Signature Bank, a New York State chartered bank, with offices at 261 Madison Avenue, New York, New York
10016.

 

“Escrow
Agreement” means the escrow agreement entered into prior to the date hereof, by and among the Company, Dawson James Securities,
Inc., and the Escrow Agent pursuant to which the Purchasers shall deposit Subscription Amounts with the Escrow Agent to be applied
to the transactions contemplated hereunder.

 

“Evaluation
Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(r).

 

“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

    	2

    	 

    

 

“Exempt
Issuance” means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock or options to employees, officers or directors of the Company
pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors
or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose, (b) securities upon the exercise
or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible
into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended
since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or
conversion price of such securities, and (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a
majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders
of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic
with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but
shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an
entity whose primary business is investing in securities.

 

“FCPA”
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.

 

“FDA”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(gg).

 

“FDCA”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(gg).

 

“GAAP”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).

 

“Indebtedness”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).

 

“Intellectual
Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(o).

 

“Liens”
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.

 

“Material
Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).

 

“Material
Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(m).

 

“Participation
Maximum” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(a).

 

“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability
company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

 

    	3

    	 

    

 

“Pharmaceutical
Product” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(gg).

 

“Preferred
Stock” means the up to _____ shares of the Company’s Series __ Convertible Preferred Stock issued hereunder having
the rights, preferences and privileges set forth in the Certificate of Designation, in the form of Exhibit A hereto.

 

“Pre-Notice”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(b).

 

“Pro
Rata Portion” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(e).

 

“Proceeding”
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial
proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.

 

“Prospectus”
means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.

 

“Prospectus
Supplement” means the supplement to the Prospectus complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with
the Commission and delivered by the Company to each Purchaser at the Closing.

 

“Purchaser
Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.10.

 

“Registration
Statement” means the effective registration statement with the Commission (File No. 333-185552) which registers the sale
of the Preferred Stock, Warrants and Underlying Shares to the Purchasers.

 

“Required
Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).

 

“Required
Minimum” means, as of any date, the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock then issued or potentially issuable
in the future pursuant to the Transaction Documents, including any Underlying Shares issuable upon exercise in full of all Warrants
or conversion in full of all shares of Preferred Stock, ignoring any conversion or exercise limits set forth therein.

 

“Rule
144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted
from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose
and effect as such Rule.

 

“Rule
424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted
from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose
and effect as such Rule.

 

    	4

    	 

    

 

“SEC
Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).

 

“Securities”
means the Preferred Stock, the Warrants and the Underlying Shares.

 

“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

“Short
Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall
not be deemed to include the location and/or reservation of borrowable shares of Common Stock). 

 

“Stated
Value” means $1,000 per share of Preferred Stock.

 

“Subscription
Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for the Preferred Stock
and Warrants purchased hereunder as specified below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next
to the heading “Subscription Amount,” in United States dollars and in immediately available funds.

 

“Subsequent
Financing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(a).

 

“Subsequent
Financing Notice” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(b).

 

“Subsidiary”
means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a) and shall, where applicable, also include any direct
or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.

 

“Trading
Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.

 

“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on
the date in question: the NYSE MKT, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New
York Stock Exchange or the OTC Bulletin Board (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

 

“Transaction
Documents” means this Agreement, the Certificate of Designation, the Warrants, all exhibits and schedules thereto and
hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.

 

“Transfer
Agent” means the current transfer agent of the Company, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

 

“Underlying
Shares” means the Conversion Shares and the Warrant Shares.

 

“Unit
Purchase Price” means $_____..

 

    	5

    	 

    

 

“Variable
Rate Transaction” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.13(b).

 

“Warrants”
means, collectively, the Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a)
hereof, which Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to 5 years, in the form of Exhibit C
attached hereto.

 

“Warrant
Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.

 

ARTICLE II. 

PURCHASE AND SALE

 

2.1           Closing.
On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with the execution
and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly,
agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of $________ of shares of Preferred Stock with an aggregate Stated Value for each Purchaser
equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser, and Warrants
as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a). The aggregate number of shares of Preferred Stock sold hereunder shall be up to ______.
Each Purchaser shall deliver to the Escrow Agent, via wire transfer or a certified check, immediately available funds equal to
such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount, and the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser such Purchaser’s respective shares
of Preferred Stock and a Warrant, as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the
other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in
Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur at the offices of EGS or such other location as the parties shall mutually agree.

 

2.2           Deliveries.

 

(a)          On
or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:

 

(i)          this
Agreement duly executed by the Company;

 

(ii)         a
legal opinion of Company Counsel, substantially in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto;

 

(iii)        a
certificate evidencing a number of shares of Preferred Stock equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the
Unit
Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser, and evidence of the filing and acceptance of the Certificate of Designation
from the Secretary of State of Delaware;

 

    	6

    	 

    

 

(iv)        a
Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to ___% of such Purchaser’s
Conversion Shares, with an exercise price equal to $0.25, subject to adjustment therein (such
Warrant certificate may be delivered within three Trading Days of the Closing Date); and

 

(v)         the
Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).

 

(b)          On
or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company or the Escrow Agent, as applicable,
the following:

 

(i)          this
Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and

 

(ii)         to
the Escrow Agent, such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the account specified in the Escrow Agreement.

 

2.3           Closing
Conditions.

 

(a)          The
obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:

 

(i)          the
accuracy in all material respects on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein
(unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);

 

(ii)         all
obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been
performed; and

 

(iii)        the
delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.

 

(b)          The
respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being
met:

 

(i)          the
accuracy in all material respects when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained
herein (unless as of a specific date therein);

 

(ii)         all
obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;

 

(iii)        the
delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;

 

(iv)        there
shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and

 

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(v)         from
the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company’s
principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg
L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are
reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States
or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national
or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in
each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the
Closing.

 

ARTICLE III. 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

3.1           Representations
and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Disclosure Schedules, which
Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent
of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations
and warranties to each Purchaser:

 

(a)          Subsidiaries.
All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth in the Registration Statement. Except as set forth in
the SEC Reports, the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary
free and clear of any Liens. All of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and
are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company
has no subsidiaries, all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.

 

(b)          Organization
and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly
existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power
and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company
nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation,
bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business
and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted
or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as
the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity
or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects
or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect
on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document
(any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction
revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.

 

    	8

    	 

    

 

(c)          Authorization;
Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder.
The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by
it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company
and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith
or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which
it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the
terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance
with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium
and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating
to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification
and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

 

(d)          No
Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to
which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby do not and will not: (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s
certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, (ii) conflict with, or constitute
a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien
upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment,
acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other
instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary
is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required
Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction
of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities
laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case
of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(e)          Filings,
Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice
to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other
Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i)
the filings required pursuant to Section 4.6 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement,
(iii) the notice and/or application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the issuance and sale of the Conversion Shares and
Warrant Shares and the listing of the Underlying Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby and (iv) such
filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).

 

(f)          Issuance
of the Securities; Registration. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable
Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the
Company. The Underlying Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, will be validly issued,
fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized
capital stock a number of shares of Common Stock for issuance of the Underlying Shares at least equal to the Required Minimum on
the date hereof. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements of the Securities
Act, which became effective on __________ ___, 2013 (the “Effective Date”), including the Prospectus, and
such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement is
effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or
suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been
instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission. The Company, if required by the rules and regulations
of the Commission, shall file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b). At the time the Registration Statement
and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement
and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did
not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the
time the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all
material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which
they were made, not misleading.

 

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(g)          Capitalization.
The capitalization of the Company is as set forth in the Registration Statement. The Company has not issued any capital stock since
its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise
of employee stock options under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant
to the Company’s employee stock purchase and incentive plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock
Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. No Person has any right
of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated
by the Transaction Documents. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g) or as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities,
there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating
to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to
subscribe for or acquire any shares of Common Stock, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company
or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents. The issuance and
sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than
the Purchasers) and, except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g), will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities
to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such securities. All of the outstanding shares of capital
stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all
federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar
rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors
or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other
similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the
Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.

 

(h)          SEC
Reports; Financial Statements. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(h), the Company has filed all reports, schedules,
forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including
pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company
was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents
incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein
as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed
any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all
material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports,
when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
The Company has never been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included
in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the
Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance
with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”),
except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements
may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company
and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods
then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.

 

    	11

    	 

    

 

(i)          Material
Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included
within the SEC Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof: (i) there has
been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect,
(ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses
incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the
Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not
altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property
to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v)
the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock
option plans. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except
for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth in the Registration Statement or on Schedule
3.1(i), no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected
to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations,
assets or financial condition, that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time
this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this
representation is made.

 

(j)          Litigation.
There is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator,
governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”)
which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities
or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim
of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been,
and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company
or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending
the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities
Act.

 

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(k)          Labor
Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of
the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’
employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe
that their relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or
any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure
or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant
in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance
with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and
conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(l)          Compliance.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been
waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the
Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture,
loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is
bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), except as set forth in the SEC Reports, (ii) is in violation
of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation
of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal,
state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and
employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(m)          Regulatory
Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal,
state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports,
except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material
Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation
or modification of any Material Permit.

 

    	13

    	 

    

 

(n)          Title
to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them
and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries,
in each case free and clear of all Liens, except (i) for Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not
materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries, (ii) for Liens
for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made in accordance with GAAP and, the
payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties, and (iii) as set forth in the SEC Reports. Any real property and
facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases
with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.

 

(o)          Intellectual
Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark
applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights
and similar rights as described in the SEC Reports as necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses
and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”).
None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual
Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2)
years from the date of this Agreement. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited
financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual
Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have
a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is
no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken
reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their Intellectual Property Rights, except
where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(p)          Insurance.
The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and
in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including,
but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount. Neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when
such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without
a significant increase in cost.

 

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(q)          Transactions
With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company or
any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party
to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including
any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or
personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments
to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director,
or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case
in excess of $120,000 other than for: (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses
incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan
of the Company.

 

(r)          Sarbanes-Oxley;
Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated
by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. Except as set forth in the SEC
Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient
to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations,
(ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain
asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization,
and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action
is taken with respect to any differences. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries have established
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries
and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the
reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified
in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure
controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic
report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently
filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure
controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes
in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries
that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the
Company and its Subsidiaries.

 

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(s)          Certain
Fees. Except as set forth in the Prospectus Supplement, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable
by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank
or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no obligation
with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in
this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

 

(t)          Investment
Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will
not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject
to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

 

(u)          Registration
Rights. Except as set forth in Schedule 3.1(u), no Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect
the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.

 

(v)         Listing
and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the
Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration
of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating
such registration. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received
notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not
in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe
that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.

 

(w)          Application
of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render
inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement)
or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents)
or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and
the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation
as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Securities.

 

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(x)          Disclosure.
Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company
confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel
with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed
in the Prospectus Supplement. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation
in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers
regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the
Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit
to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement
taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated
therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and when
made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties
with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.

 

(y)          No
Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2,
neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made
any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering
of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions
of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated. 

 

(z)          Solvency.
Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the
Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder: (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds
the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including
known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry
on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular
capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability
thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate
all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in
respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability
to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt).
The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation
under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. Schedule 3.1(z) sets
forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the
Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x) any
liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary
course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether
or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties
by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business;
and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance
with GAAP. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.

 

    	17

    	 

    

 

(aa)         Tax
Status.  Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and
local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it
is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined
to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the
payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There
are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the
Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.

 

(bb)         Foreign
Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent
or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has: (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful
contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any
unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns
from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person
acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision
of FCPA.

 

(cc)         Accountants.
The Company’s accounting firm is set forth in the Registration Statement. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such
accounting firm: (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion
with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending December
31, 2012.

 

(dd)         Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting
solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated
thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in
any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given
by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions
contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to
each Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based
solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.

 

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(ee)         Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or
elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Sections 3.2(e) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged
by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist
from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities
issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term, (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by
any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after
the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded
securities, (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which any such Purchaser is a
party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Common Stock and (iv) each Purchaser shall
not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative”
transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities
at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that
the value of the Underlying Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, and (z) such hedging activities
(if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders' equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging
activities are being conducted.  The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a
breach of any of the Transaction Documents.

 

(ff)         Regulation
M Compliance.  The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly,
any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate
the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of,
any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other
securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Company’s placement
agent in connection with the placement of the Securities.

 

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(gg)         FDA.
As to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) under the Federal
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (“FDCA”) that is manufactured, packaged,
labeled, tested, distributed, sold, and/or marketed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a “Pharmaceutical
Product”), such Pharmaceutical Product is being manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold and/or marketed
by the Company in compliance with all applicable requirements under FDCA and similar laws, rules and regulations relating to registration,
investigational use, premarket clearance, licensure, or application approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices,
good clinical practices, product listing, quotas, labeling, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the
failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no pending, completed or, to the Company's knowledge,
threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint,
or investigation) against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has received
any notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) contests the premarket
clearance, licensure, registration, or approval of, the uses of, the distribution of, the manufacturing or packaging of, the testing
of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Pharmaceutical Product, (ii) withdraws its approval of, requests the recall,
suspension, or seizure of, or withdraws or orders the withdrawal of advertising or sales promotional materials relating to, any
Pharmaceutical Product, (iii) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,
(iv) enjoins production at any facility of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (v) enters or proposes to enter into a consent
decree of permanent injunction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (vi) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws,
rules or regulations by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and which, either individually or in the aggregate, would have
a Material Adverse Effect. The properties, business and operations of the Company have been and are being conducted in all material
respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA.  The Company has not been informed by the
FDA that the FDA will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product proposed to be developed,
produced or marketed by the Company nor has the FDA expressed any concern as to approving or clearing for marketing any product
being developed or proposed to be developed by the Company.

 

(hh)         Stock
Option Plans. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company’s stock option plan was granted (i) in accordance
with the terms of the Company’s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value
of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted
under the Company’s stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has
been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock
options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their
financial results or prospects. 

 

(ii)         Office
of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, agent,
employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of
Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).

 

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(jj)         U.S.
Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the
meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser’s
request.

 

(kk)         Bank
Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act
of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the
“Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly
or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or
more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank
or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.

 

(ll)         Money
Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with
applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970,
as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money
Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body
or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge
of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.

 

3.2           Representations
and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as
of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein):

 

(a)          Organization;
Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability
company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents
and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and
performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary
corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction
Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with
the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance
with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium
and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating
to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification
and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

 

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(b)          Understandings
or Arrangements. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect
arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation
and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise
in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary
course of its business.

 

(c)          Purchaser
Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on
which it exercises any Warrants or converts any shares of Preferred Stock it will be an institutional investor and an “accredited
investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act.

 

(d)          Experience
of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and
experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment
in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk
of an investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.

 

(e)          Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not directly
or indirectly, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, executed any purchases
or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that
such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting
forth the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio
managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment
decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth
above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision
to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement, such Purchaser has maintained
the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this
transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation
or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to the identification of the availability of, or securing of, available shares
to borrow in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.

 

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The Company acknowledges and agrees that
the representations contained in Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s
representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction
Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of
the transaction contemplated hereby.

 

ARTICLE IV. 

OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES

 

4.1           Underlying
Shares. The shares of Common Stock underlying the shares of Preferred Stock shall be issued free of legends. If all or any
portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the issuance or resale of
the Warrant Shares or if the Warrant is exercised via cashless exercise, the Warrant Shares issued pursuant to any such exercise
shall be issued free of all legends. If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any subsequent registration
statement registering the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available for the sale or
resale of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall immediately notify the holders of the Warrants in writing that such registration
statement is not then effective and thereafter shall immediately notify such holders when the registration statement is effective
again and available for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares (it being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit
the ability of the Company to issue, or any Purchaser to sell, any of the Warrant Shares in compliance with applicable federal
and state securities laws). The Company shall use best efforts to keep a registration statement (including the Registration Statement)
registering the issuance or resale of the Warrant Shares effective during the term of the Warrants. Upon a cashless exercise of
a Warrant, the holding period of the Warrant Shares for purposes of Rule 144 shall tack back to the original date of issuance of
such Warrant.

 

4.2           Acknowledgment
of Dilution. The Company acknowledges that the issuance of the Securities may result in dilution of the outstanding shares
of Common Stock, which dilution may be substantial under certain market conditions. The Company further acknowledges that its obligations
under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, its obligation to issue the Underlying Shares pursuant to the Transaction
Documents, are unconditional and absolute and not subject to any right of set off, counterclaim, delay or reduction, regardless
of the effect of any such dilution or any claim the Company may have against any Purchaser and regardless of the dilutive effect
that such issuance may have on the ownership of the other stockholders of the Company.

 

4.3           Furnishing
of Information; Public Information. Until the earliest of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities or (ii) the Warrants
have expired, the Company covenants to maintain the registration of the Common Stock under Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange
Act and to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required
to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting
requirements of the Exchange Act.

 

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4.4           Integration.
The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined
in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules
and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction
unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.

 

4.5           Conversion
and Exercise Procedures. Each of the form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants and the form of Notice of Conversion
included in the Certificate of Designation set forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to exercise
the Warrants or convert the Preferred Stock. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of
the Purchasers to exercise their Warrants or convert their Preferred Stock. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original
Notice of Exercise or Notice of Conversion shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or
notarization) of any Notice of Exercise or Notice of Conversion be required, in order to exercise the Warrants or convert the Preferred
Stock. The Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and conversions of the Preferred Stock and shall deliver Underlying Shares
in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.

 

4.6           Securities
Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following
the date hereof, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby and (b) file a Current
Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the
Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly
disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or
any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the
transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make
any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without
the prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be
withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the
other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly
disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency
or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except: (a) as required by federal securities law in connection
with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or
Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted
under this clause (b).

 

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4.7           Shareholder
Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any
Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including
any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company,
or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities
under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.

 

4.8           Non-Public
Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents,
the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf, will provide any Purchaser or its
agents or counsel with any information that the Company believes constitutes material non-public information, unless prior thereto
such Purchaser shall have entered into a written agreement with the Company regarding the confidentiality and use of such information.
The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in
securities of the Company.

 

4.9           Use
of Proceeds. Except as set forth on Schedule 4.9 attached hereto, the Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale
of the Securities hereunder for working capital purposes and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion
of the Company’s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and prior
practices), (b) for the redemption of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, (c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation,
or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.

 

4.10         Indemnification
of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.10, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors,
officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a
Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within
the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders,
agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles
notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”)
harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments,
amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser
Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or
agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against Purchaser
Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate
of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action
is based upon a breach of such Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents
or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser
Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which constitutes fraud, gross negligence, willful
misconduct or malfeasance). If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought
pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right
to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party
shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses
of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically
authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and
to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue
between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for
the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party
under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which
shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability
is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by
such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification required by this Section 4.10
shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are
received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action or similar right
of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.

 

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4.11         Reservation
and Listing of Securities.

 

(a)          The
Company shall maintain a reserve from its duly authorized shares of Common Stock for issuance pursuant to the Transaction Documents
in such amount as may then be required to fulfill its obligations in full under the Transaction Documents.

 

(b)          If,
on any date, the number of authorized but unissued (and otherwise unreserved) shares of Common Stock is less than the Required
Minimum on such date, then the Board of Directors shall use commercially reasonable efforts to amend the Company’s certificate
or articles of incorporation to increase the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock to at least the Required
Minimum at such time, as soon as possible and in any event not later than the 90th day after such date.

 

(c)          The
Company shall, if applicable: (i) in the time and manner required by the principal Trading Market, prepare and file with such Trading
Market an additional shares listing application covering a number of shares of Common Stock at least equal to the Required Minimum
on the date of such application, (ii) take all steps necessary to cause such shares of Common Stock to be approved for listing
or quotation on such Trading Market as soon as possible thereafter, (iii) provide to the Purchasers evidence of such listing or
quotation and (iv) maintain the listing or quotation of such Common Stock on any date at least equal to the Required Minimum on
such date on such Trading Market or another Trading Market.

 

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4.12         Participation
in Future Financing.

 

(a)          From
the date hereof until the date that is the ___ month anniversary of the Closing Date, upon any issuance by the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries of Common Stock, Common Stock Equivalents for cash consideration, Indebtedness or a combination of units thereof
(a “Subsequent Financing”), each Purchaser shall have the right to participate in up to an amount of the Subsequent
Financing equal to ___% of the Subsequent Financing (the “Participation Maximum”) on the same terms, conditions
and price provided for in the Subsequent Financing.

 

(b)          At
least three (3) Trading Days prior to the closing of the Subsequent Financing, the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser a written
notice of its intention to effect a Subsequent Financing (“Pre-Notice”), which Pre-Notice shall ask such Purchaser
if it wants to review the details of such financing (such additional notice, a “Subsequent Financing Notice”).
Upon the request of a Purchaser, and only upon a request by such Purchaser, for a Subsequent Financing Notice, the Company shall
promptly, but no later than one (1) Trading Day after such request, deliver a Subsequent Financing Notice to such Purchaser. The
Subsequent Financing Notice shall describe in reasonable detail the proposed terms of such Subsequent Financing, the amount of
proceeds intended to be raised thereunder and the Person or Persons through or with whom such Subsequent Financing is proposed
to be effected and shall include a term sheet or similar document relating thereto as an attachment.

 

(c)          Any
Purchaser desiring to participate in such Subsequent Financing must provide written notice to the Company by not later than 5:30
p.m. (New York City time) on the second (2nd) Trading Day after the Company has delivered the Pre-Notice to all of the
Purchasers that the Purchaser is willing to participate in the Subsequent Financing, the amount of such Purchaser’s participation,
and representing and warranting that such Purchaser has such funds ready, willing, and available for investment on the terms set
forth in the Subsequent Financing Notice. If the Company receives no such notice from a Purchaser as of such second (2nd)
Trading Day, such Purchaser shall be deemed to have notified the Company that it does not elect to participate.

 

(d)          If
by 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on the second (2nd) Trading Day after the Company has delivered the Pre-Notice to
all of the Purchasers, notifications by the Purchasers of their willingness to participate in the Subsequent Financing (or to cause
their designees to participate) is, in the aggregate, less than the total amount of the Subsequent Financing, then the Company
may effect the remaining portion of such Subsequent Financing on the terms and with the Persons set forth in the Subsequent Financing
Notice.

 

(e)          If
by 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on the second (2nd) Trading Day after the Company has delivered the Pre-Notice to
all of the Purchasers, the Company receives responses to a Subsequent Financing Notice from Purchasers seeking to purchase more
than the aggregate amount of the Participation Maximum, each such Purchaser shall have the right to purchase its Pro Rata Portion
(as defined below) of the Participation Maximum.  “Pro Rata Portion” means the ratio of (x) the Subscription
Amount of Securities purchased on the Closing Date by a Purchaser participating under this Section 4.12 and (y) the sum of the
aggregate Subscription Amounts of Securities purchased on the Closing Date by all Purchasers participating under this Section 4.12.

 

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(f)          The
Company must provide the Purchasers with a second Subsequent Financing Notice, and the Purchasers will again have the right of
participation set forth above in this Section 4.12, if the Subsequent Financing subject to the initial Subsequent Financing Notice
is not consummated for any reason on the terms set forth in such Subsequent Financing Notice within thirty (30) Trading Days after
the date of the initial Subsequent Financing Notice.

 

(g)          The
Company and each Purchaser agree that if any Purchaser elects to participate in the Subsequent Financing, the transaction documents
related to the Subsequent Financing shall not include any term or provision whereby such Purchaser shall be required to agree to
any restrictions on trading as to any of the Securities purchased hereunder or be required to consent to any amendment to or termination
of, or grant any waiver, release or the like under or in connection with, this Agreement, without the prior written consent of
such Purchaser.

 

(h)          Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary in this Section 4.12 and unless otherwise agreed to by such Purchaser, the Company shall either confirm
in writing to such Purchaser that the transaction with respect to the Subsequent Financing has been abandoned or shall publicly
disclose its intention to issue the securities in the Subsequent Financing, in either case in such a manner such that such Purchaser
will not be in possession of any material, non-public information, by the tenth (10th) Business Day following delivery of the Subsequent
Financing Notice. If by such tenth (10th) Business Day, no public disclosure regarding a transaction with respect to the Subsequent
Financing has been made, and no notice regarding the abandonment of such transaction has been received by such Purchaser, such
transaction shall be deemed to have been abandoned and such Purchaser shall not be deemed to be in possession of any material,
non-public information with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.  

 

(i)          Notwithstanding
the foregoing, this Section 4.12 shall not apply in respect of (i) an Exempt Issuance, or (ii) an underwritten public offering
of Common Stock.

 

4.13         Subsequent
Equity Sales.

 

(a)          From
the date hereof until ___ days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall issue, enter into any agreement
to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents.

 

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(b)          From
the date hereof until such time as no Purchaser holds any of the Warrants, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering
into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents
(or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction” means
a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or
exercisable for, or include the right to receive, additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise
price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the shares
of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or
exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or
upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market
for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or draws down on, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit,
whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price. For the avoidance of doubt, the issuance by the Company
of any securities that are convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, shares of Common Stock, and that contain standard
anti-dilution provisions relating to the conversion or exercise price of such securities, shall not be deemed a Variable Rate Transaction
by virtue of such anti-dilution protections. Prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall use best efforts to terminate any existing
equity line or other facility where the Company may issue securities at a future determined price that is based on the occurrence
of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock.
Any Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall
be in addition to any right to collect damages.

 

(c)          Notwithstanding
the foregoing, this Section 4.13 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate Transaction shall
be an Exempt Issuance. 

 

4.14         Equal
Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid
to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of this Agreement unless the same consideration
is also offered to all of the parties to this Agreement. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right
granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat
the Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect
to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities or otherwise.

 

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4.15         Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither
it, nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including
Short Sales, of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending
at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release
as described in Section 4.6.  Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such
time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release
as described in Section 4.6, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and
the information included in the Transaction Documents and the Disclosure Schedules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, and notwithstanding
anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes
any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company
after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press
release as described in Section 4.6, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any
securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.6 and (iii) no Purchaser
shall have any duty of confidentiality to the Company or its Subsidiaries after the issuance of the initial press release as described
in Section 4.6.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby
separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct
knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets,
the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made
the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.

 

4.16         Capital
Changes. Until the one year anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company shall not undertake a reverse or forward stock split
or reclassification of the Common Stock without the prior written consent of the Purchasers holding a majority in interest of the
shares of Preferred Stock.

 

ARTICLE V. 

MISCELLANEOUS

 

5.1           Termination. 
This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder only and without any effect
whatsoever on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing
has not been consummated on or before _________ ___, 2013; provided, however, that such termination will not affect
the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).

 

5.2           Fees
and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and
expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident
to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent
fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company
and any conversion or exercise notice delivered by a Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with
the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers.

 

5.3           Entire
Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement,
contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements
and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents,
exhibits and schedules.

 

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5.4           Notices.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and
shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered
via facsimile at the facsimile number set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City
time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via
facsimile at the facsimile number set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later
than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of mailing,
if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is
required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.

 

5.5           Amendments;
Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed,
in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Purchasers holding at least a majority in interest of the Securities based
on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived
provision is sought. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be
deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition
or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise
of any such right.

 

5.6           Headings.
The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect
any of the provisions hereof.

 

5.7           Successors
and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted
assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of
each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to
whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect
to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”

 

5.8           No
Third-Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors
and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise
set forth in Section 4.10.

 

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5.9           Governing
Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall
be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the
principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement
and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party
hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced
exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive
jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any
dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect
to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any action,
suit or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or
proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of
process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or
certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under
this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing
contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either
party shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations
of the Company under Section 4.10, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party
for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution
of such action or proceeding.

 

5.10         Survival.
The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.

 

5.11         Execution.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same
agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being
understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission
or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the
party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf”
signature page were an original thereof.

 

5.12         Severability.
If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal,
void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full
force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially
reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated
by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that
they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be
hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.

 

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5.13         Rescission
and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of)
any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction
Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser
may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand
or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that in the
case of a rescission of a conversion of the Preferred Stock or exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required
to return any shares of Common Stock subject to any such rescinded conversion or exercise notice concurrently with the return to
such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration of such Purchaser’s
right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Purchaser’s Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate
evidencing such restored right).

 

5.14         Replacement
of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company
shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or
in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall
also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.

 

5.15         Remedies.
In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of
the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that
monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the
Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any action for specific performance of any such obligation
the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

 

5.16         Payment
Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document
or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or
exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from,
disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person
under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action),
then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived
and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.

 

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5.17         Independent
Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several
and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance
or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any
other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the
Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers
are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including, without limitation, the
rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser
to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate
legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. For reasons of administrative convenience only, each
Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through EGS. EGS does not represent any of the
Purchasers and only represents Dawson James Securities, Inc., the placement agent. The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers
with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to
do so by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and in each
other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively
and not between and among the Purchasers.

 

5.18         Liquidated
Damages. The Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction
Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other
amounts have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages
or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.

 

5.19         Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc.     If the last or appointed day for the taking
of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken
or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

 

5.20         Construction.
The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction
Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting
party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and
every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse
and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after
the date of this Agreement.

 

5.21         WAIVER
OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES
EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY
AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY. 

 

(Signature Pages
Follow)

 

    	34

    	 

    

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories
as of the date first indicated above.

  

	marina biotech, inc.	 	Address for Notice:
	 	 	 
	By:	 	 	Fax:
	 	Name:	 	 
	 	Title:	 	 
	With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):	 	 

 

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]

 

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[PURCHASER
SIGNATURE PAGES TO MRNA SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
of the date first indicated above.

 

Name of Purchaser: ___________________________________________________________

 

Signature of Authorized Signatory of
Purchaser: ______________________________________

 

Name of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________________

 

Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________________

 

Email Address of Authorized Signatory:
________________________________________________

 

Facsimile Number of Authorized Signatory: ___________________________________________

 

Address for Notice to Purchaser:

 

Address for Delivery of Securities to Purchaser (if not same
as address for notice):

 

Subscription Amount: $_______________

 

Shares of Preferred Stock: ______________

 

Warrant Shares: ____________________

 

EIN Number: _________________________

 

 ̈
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i) the obligations of the above-signed
to purchase the securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations
of the Company to sell such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded,
(ii) the Closing shall occur on the third (3rd) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and (iii) any condition
to Closing contemplated by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i) above) that required delivery by the Company
or the above-signed of any agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) shall no longer be
a condition and shall instead be an unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such
agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party on the Closing Date.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGES CONTINUE]

 

    	36

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