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Exhibit 4.3  

 
 

FIRST AMENDED AND RESTATED    
    
    AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.    
    
    AND    
    
    AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER AND TRUST
COMPANY    
    
    Rights Agent    
    
      
    
    
  RIGHTS AGREEMENT    
    
    Dated as of February 2, 1999    
    
    Amended
as of March 4, 2004    

  

	Certain Definitions	 	1
	

Appointment of Rights Agent	
 	

5
	

Issuance of Right Certificates	
 	

5
	

Form of Right Certificates	
 	

7
	

Countersignature and Registration	
 	

7
	

Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Right Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right Certificates	
 	

8
	

Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights	
 	

9
	

Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates	
 	

10
	

Reservation and Availability of Shares of Preferred Stock	
 	

10
	

Preferred Stock Record Date	
 	

11
	

Adjustments to Number and Kind of Shares, Number of Rights or Purchase Price	
 	

11
	

Certification of Adjustments	
 	

19
	

Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power	
 	

19
	

Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares	
 	

22
	

Rights of Action	
 	

23
	

Agreement of Right Holders	
 	

23
	

Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder	
 	

23
	

Concerning the Rights Agent	
 	

24
	

Merger or Consolidation or Changed Name of Rights Agent	
 	

24
	

Duties of Rights Agent	
 	

25
	

Change of Rights Agent	
 	

26
	

Issuance of New Right Certificates	
 	

27
	

Redemption	
 	

27
	

Exchange of Rights for Common Stock	
 	

29
	

Notice of Proposed Actions	
 	

30
	

Notices	
 	

31
	

Supplements and Amendments	
 	

32
	

Successors	
 	

32
	

Benefits of this Rights Agreement	
 	

32
	

Governing Law	
 	

32
	

Counterparts	
 	

32
	

Descriptive Headings	
 	

32
	

Severability	
 	

32

i

   FIRST AMENDED AND RESTATED RIGHTS AGREEMENT

        This
First Amended and Restated Rights Agreement ("Rights Agreement"), is dated as of March 4, 2004, between American Residential Investment Trust, Inc., a Maryland
corporation (the "Company"), and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company (the "Rights Agent"). 

W I T N E S S E T H:  

        WHEREAS, pursuant to that certain Rights Agreement, dated as of February 2, 1999 by and between the Company and the Rights Agent (the "Original Rights
Agreement"), the Board of Directors of the Company on February 2, 1999 (i) authorized the issuance and declared a dividend of one right ("Right") for each share of the Common Stock of
the Company ("Common Stock") outstanding as of the Close of Business (as such term is hereinafter defined) on February 26, 1999 (the "Record Date"), each Right representing the right to
purchase one one-hundredth of a share of Series A Preferred Stock of the Company having the rights, powers and preferences set forth in the form of Certificate attached hereto as
Exhibit A upon the terms and subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth, and (ii) further authorized the issuance of one Right with respect to each share of Common Stock of the
Company that shall become outstanding between February 26, 1999, and the Distribution Date (as such term is hereinafter defined); 

        WHEREAS,
a Grandfathered Person, as defined herein, is transferring One Million One Hundred Thousand (1,100,000) shares of Common Stock (the "Transfer") to a transferee (the
"Transferee"). 

        WHEREAS,
that upon such Transfer, the Grandfathered Person will no longer hold more than 15% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company. 

        WHEREAS,
upon such Transfer, the Transferee will own approximately 17% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company. 

        WHEREAS,
the Board of Directors of the Company has determined that it is in the best interests of the Company and the stockholders to facilitate the Transfer and to amend the Original
Rights Agreement (i) such that those entities designated as Grandfathered Persons in the Original Rights
Agreement are no longer Grandfathered Persons, (ii) to designate the Transferee as a Grandfathered Person and (iii) to lower the percentage of outstanding shares of Common Stock a
Grandfathered Person can beneficially own from 25% to 18%. 

        NOW,
THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual agreements herein set forth, the parties agree as follows: 

        1.    Certain Definitions.    For purposes of this Rights Agreement the following terms shall have the meanings
indicated: 

        (a)   "Acquiring
Person" shall mean any Person (as such term is hereinafter defined) who or which, together with all Affiliates (as such term is hereinafter defined) and
Associates (as such term is hereinafter defined) of such Person, without the prior approval of the Board of Directors, shall be the Beneficial Owner (as such term is hereinafter defined) of fifteen
percent (15%) or more of the outstanding Common Stock; provided, however, that in no event shall a Person who or which, together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, is the Beneficial
Owner of less than 15% of the Company's outstanding shares of Common Stock, become an Acquiring Person solely as a result of a reduction of the number of shares of outstanding Common Stock, including
repurchases of outstanding shares of Common Stock by the Company, which reduction increases the percentage of outstanding shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such Person,  provided, however,
that if a Person shall become the Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the Company's outstanding shares of Common Stock then
outstanding solely by reason of a reduction of the number of shares of outstanding Common Stock, and shall thereafter become the Beneficial 

1

 

Owner
of any additional shares of Common Stock of the Company, then such Person shall be deemed to be an "Acquiring Person" unless upon the consummation of the acquisition of such additional shares of
Common Stock such person does not own fifteen percent (15%) or more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding, and provided further, that an Acquiring Person shall not include an Exempt Person
(as such term is hereinafter defined) or a Grandfathered Person (as such term is hereinafter defined); provided further that a Grandfathered Person
shall become an Acquiring Person if, (i) without the prior approval of the Board of Directors, the Grandfathered Person becomes the Beneficial Owner of more than 18% of the Company's Common
Stock; but (ii) a Grandfathered Person shall not become an Acquiring Person solely by reason of a reduction of the number of shares of outstanding Common Stock provided,
however, that if such Grandfathered Person shall thereafter acquire for value any additional shares of Common Stock of the Company, then such Grandfathered Person shall be
deemed to be an "Acquiring Person." Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Board of Directors of the Company determines in good faith that a Person who would otherwise be an "Acquiring Person," as
defined pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this paragraph (a), has become such inadvertently (including, without limitation, because (i) such Person was unaware that it beneficially
owned a percentage of Common Stock that would otherwise cause such Person to be an "Acquiring Person" or (ii) such Person was aware of the extent of its Beneficial Ownership but had no actual
knowledge of the consequences of such Beneficial Ownership under this Rights Agreement) and without any intention of changing or influencing control of the Company, and such Person divests as promptly
as practicable a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock so that such Person would no longer be an "Acquiring Person," as defined pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this paragraph (a),
then such Person shall not be deemed to be or to have become an "Acquiring Person" for any purposes of this Rights Agreement. 

        (b)   "Affiliate"
and "Associate" shall have the respective meanings ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), as in effect on the date of this Rights Agreement. 

        (c)   A
Person shall be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of any securities 

        (i)    which
such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates beneficially owns, directly or indirectly; 

        (ii)   which
such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates, directly or indirectly, has (A) the right to acquire (whether such right is exercisable
immediately or only after the passage of time) pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (other than customary agreements with and between underwriters and selling group members with
respect to a bona fide public offering of securities), whether or not in writing, or upon the exercise of conversion rights, exchange rights, rights (other than the Rights), warrants or options, or
otherwise; provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of, or to "beneficially own," securities tendered pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made by such Person or
any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates until such tendered securities are accepted for purchase or exchange; or (B) the right to vote or dispose of or has "beneficial ownership" of (as
determined pursuant to Rule 13d-3 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act, or any comparable or successor rule), including pursuant to any agreement, arrangement
or understanding (whether or not in writing); provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of, or to "beneficially own," any securities if the agreement, arrangement or
understanding to vote such security (1) arises solely from a revocable proxy or consent given in response to a public proxy or consent solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, the
applicable rules and regulations of the Exchange Act and (2) is not also then reportable by such Person on Schedule 13D under the Exchange Act (or any comparable or successor report); or 

2

 

        (iii)  which
are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by any other Person with which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates has any agreement,
arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing) for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting except as described in the proviso to clause (B) of subparagraph (ii) of this
Section 1(c) or disposing of any securities of the Company; provided, however, that no Person who is an officer, director or employee of an
Exempt Person shall be deemed, solely by reason of such Person's status or authority as such, to be the "Beneficial Owner" of, to have "Beneficial Ownership" of or to "beneficially own" any securities
that are "beneficially owned" (as defined in this Section 1(c)), including, without limitation, in a fiduciary capacity, by an Exempt Person or by any other such officer, director or employee
of an Exempt Person. 

        For
all purposes of this Rights Agreement, any calculation of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at any particular time, including for purposes of determining the
particular percentage of such outstanding shares of Common Stock of which any Person is the Beneficial Owner, shall be made in accordance with the last sentence of
Rule 13d-3(d)(1)(i) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act as in effect on the date hereof. 

        (d)   "Business
Day" shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday, or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York or the State of California are
authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close. 

        (e)   "Close
of Business" on any given date shall mean 5:00 P.M., San Diego time, on such date; provided, however, that if such date is not a Business Day it shall mean
5:00 P.M., San Diego time, on the next succeeding Business Day. 

        (f)    "Common
Stock" when used with reference to the Company shall mean the Common Stock of the Company. "Common Stock" when used with reference to any Person other than the
Company which shall be organized in corporate form shall mean the capital stock or other equity security with the greatest per share voting power of such Person or, if such Person is a Subsidiary of
or is controlled by another Person, the Person which ultimately controls such first-mentioned Person. "Common Stock" when used with reference to any Person other than the Company which shall not be
organized in corporate form shall mean units of beneficial interest which shall represent the right to participate in profits, losses, deductions and credits of such Person and which shall be entitled
to exercise the greatest voting power per unit of such Person. 

        (g)   "Common
Stock Equivalents" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii) hereof. 

        (h)   "Current
Market Price" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(d) hereof. 

        (i)    "Current
Value" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii) hereof. 

        (j)    "Distribution
Date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(a) hereof. 

        (k)   "Equivalent
Preferred Stock" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(b) hereof. 

        (l)    "Exchange
Act" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1 hereof. 

        (m)  "Exempt
Person" shall mean the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, including, without limitation, in its fiduciary capacity, any employee benefit plan or employee
stock plan of the Company or of any Subsidiary of the Company, or any Person, organized, appointed, established or holding Common Stock for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan or any Person
funding other employee benefits for employees of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company. 

        (n)   "Final
Expiration Date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(a) hereof. 

3

 

        (o)   "Flip-In
Event" shall mean any event described in Section 11(a)(ii)(A), 11(a)(ii)(B) or 11(a)(ii)(C) hereof. 

        (p)   "Flip-In
Exercise Payment" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(ii) hereof. 

        (q)   "Flip-In
Trigger Date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii) hereof. 

        (r)   "Flip-Over
Event" shall mean any event described in clause (x), (y) or (z) of Section 13(a) hereof. 

        (s)   "Flip-Over
Exercise Payment" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(a) hereof. 

        (t)    "Grandfathered
Person" shall mean the following Persons: The D3 Family Fund, L.P., The D3 Family Retirement Fund, L.P., The D3
Children's Fund, L.P., and The D3 Offshore Fund, L.P. along with any Affiliates of any of the foregoing entities. Pursuant to Section 1 (a), a Grandfathered Person (collectively
along with such Person's Affiliates) can Beneficially Own up to eighteen percent (18%) of the Company's Common Stock. 

        (u)   "NASDAQ"
shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9(b) hereof. 

        (v)   "Offer"
shall mean a written proposal delivered to the Company by (i) a Grandfathered Person who is not an Acquiring Person, or (ii) any Person who both
beneficially owns 5% or less of the outstanding shares of Common Stock as of the date such proposal is delivered to the Company and as of the date of any Special Meeting, as herein defined and who has
not within one year prior to the delivery of such written proposal beneficially owned in excess of 5% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock and as to both (i) and (ii) has not
publicly disclosed, or caused the public disclosure of, any intention which relates to or would result in the acquisition of influence or control of the Company (such Person in either (i) or
(ii) being referred to as an "Offeror"), and which proposal: 

        (i)    provides
for the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of Common Stock held by any Person other than the Offeror and its Affiliates for cash or immediately
marketable publicly traded securities at a price which is at least 15% higher than the "current market price" per share of Common Stock on the day immediately preceding the date on which the Offeror's
proposal is delivered to the Company (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) hereof for the purposes of computations made pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, but
utilizing the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding the date on which the Offeror's proposal is delivered to the Company); 

        (ii)   states
that the Offeror has obtained written financing commitments from recognized financing sources, and/or has on hand cash or cash equivalents, for the full amount
of all financing necessary to consummate the Offer (including amounts necessary to refinance any indebtedness of the Company or its subsidiaries which will become due upon consummation of the Offer); 

        (iii)  submits
a fairness opinion from a nationally recognized investment banker stating that from a financial point of view, the consideration to be offered to the
stockholders of the Company is fair; and 

        (iv)  requests
the Company to call a special meeting of the holders of Common Stock for the purpose of voting on a resolution requiring the Board of Directors to redeem the
Rights and contains a written agreement of the Offeror to pay half of the Company's costs of such special meeting (inclusive of the Company's costs of preparing and mailing proxy material for its own
solicitation). 

        (w)  "Person"
shall mean any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, trust or other entity. 

4

 

        (x)   "Preferred
Stock" shall mean the Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value of the Company having the rights, powers and preferences set forth in  Exhibit A hereto, and, to the extent that there is not a
sufficient number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock authorized to permit the
full exercise of the Rights, any other series of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, of the Company designated for such purpose containing terms substantially similar to the terms of the Series A
Preferred Stock. 

        (y)   "Principal
Party" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(b) hereof. 

        (z)   "Purchase
Price" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(a) hereof. 

        (aa) "Record
Date" shall have the meaning set forth in the WHEREAS clause at the beginning of the Rights Agreement. 

        (bb) "Redemption
Date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(a) hereof. 

        (ee) "Redemption
Price" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 23(a) hereof. 

        (ff)  "Right
Certificate" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(a) hereof. 

        (gg) "Securities
Act" shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. 

        (hh) "Stock
Acquisition Date" shall mean the first date of public announcement by the Company or an Acquiring Person that an Acquiring Person has become such or such earlier
date as a majority of the directors shall become aware of the existence of an Acquiring Person. 

        (ii)   "Substitution
Period" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii) hereof. 

        (jj)   "Subsidiary"
of a Person shall mean any corporation or other entity of which securities or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power sufficient to elect a
majority of the board of directors or other persons performing similar functions are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person and any corporation or other entity that is otherwise
controlled by such Person. 

        (kk) "Summary
of Rights" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(b) hereof. 

        (ll)   "Trading
Day" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(d) hereof. 

        (mm) "Triggering
Event" shall mean any event described in Section 11(a)(ii)(A), 11(a)(ii)(B) or 11(a)(ii)(C) or Section 13 hereof. 

        (nn) "Voting
Power" shall mean the voting power of all securities of the Company then outstanding and generally entitled to vote for the election of directors of the
Company. 

        Any
determination required by the definitions contained in this Section 1 shall be made by the Board of Directors of the Company in its good faith judgment, which determination
shall be binding on the Rights Agent and the holders of the Rights. 

        2.    Appointment of Rights Agent.    The Company hereby appoints the Rights Agent to act as agent for the Company in
accordance with the terms and conditions hereof, and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such appointment. The Company may from time to time appoint such Co-Rights Agents as it may deem
necessary or desirable. In the event the Company appoints one or more Co-Rights Agents, the respective duties of the Rights Agents and any Co-Rights Agents shall be as the
Company shall determine. 

        3.    Issuance of Right Certificates.    

        (a)   Until
the earlier of (i) the Stock Acquisition Date or (ii) the date of the commencement by any Person (other than an Exempt Person) of, or of the first
public announcement of the intent of any Person (other than an Exempt Person) to commence (which intention to commence remains 

5

 

in
effect for five business days after such announcement), a tender or exchange offer (other than an Offer) upon the successful consummation of which such Person, together with its Affiliates and
Associates, would be the Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the outstanding Common Stock (irrespective of whether any shares are actually purchased pursuant to any such offer) (including any such date
which is after the date of this Rights Agreement and prior to the issuance of the Rights; ten days after the earlier of such dates being herein referred to as the "Distribution Date"), (x) the
Rights will be evidenced (subject to the provisions of Section 3(c) hereof) by the certificates for the Common Stock registered in the names of the holders of the Common Stock and not by
separate Right Certificates, and (y) each Right will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of a share (subject to adjustment as hereinafter provided) of Common Stock. As soon as
practicable after the Distribution Date, the Rights Agent will mail, by first-class, postage prepaid mail, to each record holder of the Common Stock as of the Close of Business on the Distribution
Date, as shown by the records of the Company, to the address of such holder shown on such records, a Right certificate in substantially the form of Exhibit B hereto ("Right Certificate")
evidencing one Right for each share of Common Stock so held. As of and after the Distribution Date the Rights will be evidenced solely by such Right Certificates. 

        (b)   On
the Record Date, or as soon as practicable thereafter, the Company will send a copy of a Summary of Rights to Purchase Preferred Stock, substantially in the form
attached hereto as Exhibit C ("Summary of Rights"), by first-class, postage prepaid mail, to each record holder of Common Stock as of the Close
of Business on the Record Date, at the address of such holder shown on the records of the Company. 

        (c)   Rights
shall be issued in respect of all shares of Common Stock that are issued after the Record Date prior to the earlier of the Distribution Date or the Expiration
Date. With respect to certificates representing such shares of Common Stock, the Rights will be evidenced by such certificates for Common Stock registered in the names of the holders thereof together
with the Summary of Rights. Until the Distribution Date (or, if earlier, the Expiration Date), the surrender for transfer of any certificate for Common Stock outstanding on the Record Date (with or
without a copy of the Summary of Rights attached thereto), shall also constitute the surrender for transfer of the Rights associated with the Common Stock represented thereby. 

        (d)   Certificates
issued for Common Stock (including, without limitation, certificates issued upon transfer or exchange of Common Stock) after the Record Date but prior to
the earlier of the Distribution Date or the Expiration Date shall have impressed on, printed on, written on or otherwise affixed to them the following legend: 

"This certificate also evidences and entitles the holder hereof to certain Rights as set forth in the Rights Agreement between American Residential Investment
Trust, Inc. and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, as Rights Agent, dated as of February 2, 1999, as the same may be amended from time to time (the "Rights Agreement"), the terms
of which are incorporated herein by reference and a copy of which is on file at the principal executive office of American Residential Investment Trust, Inc. Under certain circumstances, as set
forth in the Rights Agreement, such Rights will be evidenced by separate certificates and will no longer be evidenced by this certificate. American Residential Investment Trust, Inc. will mail
to the holder of this certificate a copy of the Rights Agreement without charge after receipt by it of a written request therefor. Under certain circumstances as provided in
the Rights Agreement, Rights issued to, beneficially owned by or transferred to any person who is or becomes an Acquiring Person (as defined in the Rights Agreement) or an Associate or Affiliate (as
defined in the Rights Agreement) thereof and certain transferees thereof will be null and void and will no longer be transferable."

6

 

With
respect to such certificates containing the foregoing legend, the Rights associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificates shall, until the Distribution Date, be evidenced by such
certificates alone, and registered holders of Common Stock shall also be the registered holders of the associated Rights, and the surrender for transfer of any such certificate shall also constitute
the surrender for transfer of the Rights associated with the Common Stock represented thereby. In the event that the Company purchases or acquires any shares of Common Stock after the Record Date but
prior to the earlier of the Distribution Date, the Redemption Date or the Expiration Date, any Rights associated with such shares of Common Stock shall be deemed canceled and retired so that the
Company shall not be entitled to exercise any Rights associated with the shares of Common Stock no longer outstanding. 

        Notwithstanding
this paragraph (d), the omission of a legend shall not affect the enforceability of any part of this Rights Agreement or the rights of any holder of the Rights. 

        4.    Form of Right Certificates.    

        (a)   The
Right Certificates (and the forms of election to purchase shares and of assignment to be printed on the reverse thereof), when, as and if issued, shall be
substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit B hereto and may have such marks of identification or designation and such legends, summaries or
endorsements printed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Rights Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule
or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which the Rights may from time to time be listed, or to conform to usage. Subject to the provisions of
Sections 11, 13 and 22 hereof, the Right Certificates evidencing the Rights issued on the Record Date whenever such certificates are issued, shall be dated as of the Record Date and the Right
Certificates evidencing Rights to holders of record of Common Stock issued after the Record Date shall be dated as of the Record Date but shall also be dated to reflect the date of issuance of such
Right Certificate. On their face, Right Certificates shall entitle the holders thereof to purchase, for each Right, one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock, or other securities or
property as provided herein, as the same may from time to time be adjusted as provided herein, at the price per share of Thirty Dollars ($30.00), as the same may from time to time be adjusted as
provided herein (the "Purchase Price"). 

        (b)   Notwithstanding
any other provision of this Rights Agreement, any Right Certificate that represents Rights that are or were at any time on or after the earlier of the
Stock Acquisition Date or the Distribution Date beneficially owned by an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate thereof (or any transferee of such Rights) shall have impressed on, printed on,
written on or otherwise affixed to it (if the Company or the Rights Agent has knowledge that such Person is an Acquiring Person or an Associate or Affiliate thereof or transferee of such Persons or a
nominee of any of the foregoing) the following legend: 

"The beneficial owner of the Rights represented by this Right Certificate is an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate (as defined in the Rights Agreement) of an
Acquiring Person or a subsequent holder of such Right Certificates beneficially owned by such Persons. Accordingly, this Right Certificate and the Rights represented hereby are null and void and will
no longer be transferable as provided in the Rights Agreement."

The
provisions of Section 11(a)(ii) and Section 24 of this Rights Agreement shall be operative whether or not the foregoing legend is contained on any such Right Certificates. 

        5.    Countersignature and Registration.    

        (a)   The
Right Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chief Executive Officer, its President or any Vice President, either manually or by facsimile
signature, and have affixed thereto the Company's seal or a facsimile thereof which shall be attested by the Secretary 

7

 

or
an Assistant Secretary of the Company, either manually or by facsimile signature. The Right Certificates shall be countersigned, either manually or by facsimile, by the Rights Agent and shall not
be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned. In case any officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Right Certificates shall cease to be such officer of the Company before
countersignature by the Rights Agent and issuance and delivery by the Company, such Right Certificates, nevertheless, may be countersigned by the Rights Agent, issued and delivered with the same force
and effect as though the person who signed such Right Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the Company; and any Right Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by any person who,
at the actual date of the execution of such Right Certificate, shall be a proper officer of the Company to sign such Right Certificate, although at the date of the execution of this Rights Agreement
any such person was not such an officer. 

        (b)   Following
the Distribution Date, the Rights Agent will keep or cause to be kept, at one of its offices designated for such purposes, records for registration and
transfer of the Right Certificates issued hereunder. Such records shall show the names and addresses of the respective holders of the Right Certificates, the number of Rights evidenced on its face by
each of the Right Certificates, the date of each of the Right Certificates and the certificate numbers for each of the Right Certificates. 

        6.    Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Right Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right
Certificates.    

        (a)   Subject
to the provisions of Sections 7(e), 11(a)(ii) and 14 hereof, at any time after the Close of Business on the Distribution Date and at or prior to the Close
of Business on the Expiration Date, any Right Certificate or Certificates (other than Right Certificates representing Rights that have become void pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii) hereof or
that have been exchanged pursuant to Section 24 hereof) may be (i) transferred or (ii) split up, combined or exchanged for another Right Certificate or Right Certificates,
entitling the registered holder to purchase a like number of shares of Preferred Stock or other securities as the Right Certificate or Right Certificates surrendered then entitled such holder to
purchase. Any registered holder desiring to transfer any Right Certificate shall surrender the Right Certificate at the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purposes with the form of
assignment on the reverse side thereof duly endorsed (or enclose with such Right Certificate a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Rights Agent), duly executed
by the registered holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing, and with such signature guaranteed by a member of a securities approved medallion program. Any registered holder desiring
to split up, combine or exchange any Right Certificate shall make such request in writing delivered to the Rights Agent, and shall surrender the Right Certificate or Right Certificates to be split up,
combined or exchanged at the principal office of the Rights Agent. Thereupon the Rights Agent shall, subject to Sections 4(b), 7(e), 11 and 14 hereof, countersign (by manual or facsimile signature)
and deliver to the person entitled thereto a Right Certificate or Right Certificates, as the case may be, as so requested. The Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or
governmental charge that
may be imposed in connection with any transfer, split up, combination or exchange of Right Certificates. 

        (b)   Subject
to the provisions of Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, upon receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to them of the
loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of a Right Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to them, and, if requested by the Company,
reimbursement to the Company of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, and upon surrender to the Rights Agent and cancellation of the Right Certificate if mutilated, the Company will execute and
deliver a new Right Certificate of like tenor to the Rights Agent for delivery to the registered owner in lieu of the Right Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated. 

8

   
        7.    Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights.    

        (a)   Subject
to Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, the Rights shall become exercisable, and may be exercised to purchase Preferred Stock, except as otherwise provided
herein, in whole or in part at any time after the Distribution Date upon surrender of the Right Certificate, with the form of election to purchase on the reverse side thereof duly executed (with such
signature duly guaranteed), to the Rights Agent at 40 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005, together with payment of the Purchase Price with respect to each Right exercised, subject to adjustment as
hereinafter provided, at or prior to the Close of Business on the earlier of (i) the Final Expiration Date which is ten years from the date of the Rights Agreement (the "Final Expiration
Date"), (ii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed as provided in Section 23 hereof (such date being herein referred to as the "Redemption Date") or (iii) the time at which
all such Rights are exchanged as provided in Section 24 hereof (the earliest of (i), (ii) and (iii) being herein referred to as the "Expiration Date"). 

        (b)   The
Purchase Price and the number of shares of Preferred Stock or other securities or consideration to be acquired upon exercise of a Right shall be subject to
adjustment from time to time as provided in Sections 11 and 13 hereof. The Purchase Price shall be payable in lawful money of the United States of America, in accordance with Section 7(c)
hereof. 

        (c)   Except
as provided in Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, upon receipt of a Right Certificate with the form of election to purchase duly executed, accompanied by
payment of the Purchase Price (as such amount may be reduced pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof) or so much thereof as is necessary for the shares to be purchased and an amount equal
to any applicable transfer tax, by cash, certified check or official bank check payable to the order of the Company or the Rights Agent, the Rights Agent shall, subject to Section 20(k),
thereupon promptly (i) requisition from any transfer agent of the Preferred Stock (or make available if the Rights Agent is the transfer agent) certificates for the number of shares of
Preferred Stock so elected to be purchased and the Company will comply and hereby authorizes and directs such transfer agent to comply with all such requests, (ii) requisition from the Company
the amount of cash to be paid in lieu of issuance of fractional shares in accordance with Section 14(b) hereof, and (iii) promptly after receipt of such Preferred Stock certificates
cause the same to be delivered to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Right Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be designated by such holder, and, when appropriate,
after receipt promptly deliver such cash to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Right Certificate. In the event of a purchase of securities, other than Preferred Stock, pursuant to
Section 11(a) or Section 13 hereof, the Rights Agent shall promptly take the appropriate actions corresponding to the foregoing clauses (i) through (iii). In the event that the
Company is obligated to issue other securities of the Company, pay cash and/or distribute other property pursuant to Section 11(a) hereof, the Company will make all arrangements necessary so
that such other securities, cash and/or other property are available for distribution by the Rights Agent, if and when appropriate. 

        (d)   Except
as otherwise provided herein, in case the registered holder of any Right Certificate shall exercise less than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new Right
Certificate evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining unexercised shall be issued by the Rights Agent to the registered holder of such Right Certificate or to his duly authorized assigns,
subject to the provisions of Section 14 hereof. 

        (e)   Notwithstanding
anything in this Rights Agreement to the contrary, neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to undertake any action with respect to a
registered holder upon the occurrence of any purported exercise as set forth in this Section 7 unless such registered holder shall have (i) completed and signed the certificate contained
in the form of election to purchase set forth on the reverse side of the Right Certificate surrendered for such 

9

 

exercise
and (ii) provided such additional evidence of the identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or Associates thereof as the Company shall reasonably
request. 

        8.    Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates.    All Right Certificates surrendered for the purpose of
exercise. transfer, split up, combination or exchange shall, if surrendered to the Company or to any of its agents, be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in canceled form, or, if
surrendered to the Rights Agent, shall be canceled by it, and no Right Certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Rights Agreement. The
Company shall deliver to the Rights Agent for cancellation and retirement, and the Rights Agent shall so cancel and retire, any Right Certificate purchased or acquired by the Company otherwise than
upon the exercise thereof. The Rights Agent shall deliver all canceled Right Certificates to the Company, or shall, at the written request of the Company, destroy such canceled Right Certificates, and
in such case shall deliver a certificate of destruction thereof to the Company. 

        9.    Reservation and Availability of Shares of Preferred Stock.    

        (a)   The
Company covenants and agrees that at all times it will cause to be reserved and kept available, out of and to the extent of its authorized and unissued shares of
Preferred Stock not reserved for another purpose (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, other securities), the number of shares of Preferred Stock (and, following the occurrence of a
Triggering Event, other securities) that, as provided in this Rights Agreement, including Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, will be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding
Rights, provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to reserve and keep available shares of Preferred Stock or other securities sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all
outstanding Rights pursuant to the adjustments set forth in Section 11(a)(ii), Section 11(a)(iii) or Section 13 hereof unless, and only to the extent that, the Rights
become exercisable pursuant to such adjustments. 

        (b)   The
Company shall (i) use its best efforts to cause, from and after such time as the Rights become exercisable, the Rights and all shares of Preferred Stock (and
following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, other securities) issued or reserved for issuance upon exercise thereof to be reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
Automated Quotation System ("NASDAQ") or such other system then in use, and if the Preferred Stock shall become listed on any national securities exchange, to cause, from and after such time as the
Rights become exercisable, the Rights and all shares of Preferred Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, other securities) issued or reserved for issuance upon exercise thereof to
be listed on such exchange upon official notice of issuance upon such exercise and (ii) if then necessary, to permit the offer and issuance of such shares of Preferred Stock (and, following the
occurrence of a Triggering Event, other securities), register and qualify such share of Preferred Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, other securities) under the Securities Act
and any applicable state securities or "blue sky" laws (to the extent exemptions therefrom are not available), cause such registration statement and qualifications to become effective as soon as
possible after such filing and keep such registration and qualifications effective until the Expiration Date of the Rights. The Company may temporarily suspend, for a period of time not to exceed
ninety (90) days, the exercisability of the Rights in order to prepare and file a registration statement under the Securities Act and permit it to become effective. Upon any such
suspension, the Company shall issue a public announcement stating that the exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public announcement at such time as the suspension
is no longer in effect. Notwithstanding any provision of this Rights Agreement to the contrary, the Rights shall not be exercisable in any jurisdiction unless the requisite qualification in such
jurisdiction shall have been obtained and until a registration statement under the Securities Act (if required) shall have been declared effective. 

10

 

        (c)   The
Company covenants and agrees that it will take all such action as may be necessary to ensure that all shares of Preferred Stock (and following the occurrence of a
Triggering Event, other securities) delivered upon exercise of Rights shall, at the time of delivery of the certificates for such shares (subject to payment of the Purchase Price in respect thereof),
be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and nonassessable shares in accordance with applicable law. 

        (d)   The
Company further covenants and agrees that it will pay when due and payable any and all federal and state transfer taxes which may be payable in respect of the
issuance or delivery of the Right Certificates or of any shares of Preferred Stock (or other securities, as the case may be) upon the exercise of Rights. The Company shall not, however, be required to
pay any transfer tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer or delivery of Right Certificates to a Person other than, or the issuance or delivery of certificates for Preferred Stock (or other
securities, as the case may be) upon exercise of Rights in a name other than that of, the registered holder of the Right Certificate, and the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver a Right
Certificate or certificate for Preferred Stock (or other securities, as the case may be) to a person other than such registered holder until any such tax shall have been paid (any such tax being
payable by the holder of such Right Certificate at the time of surrender) or until it has been established to the Company's satisfaction that no such tax is due. 

        10.    Preferred Stock Record Date.    Each Person in whose name any certificate for shares of Preferred Stock (or
other securities, as the case may be) is issued upon the exercise of Rights shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of record of the shares of Preferred Stock (or other securities,
as the case may be) represented thereby on, and such certificate shall be dated, the date upon which the Right Certificate evidencing such Rights was duly surrendered and payment of the Purchase Price
(and any applicable transfer taxes) was made. Prior to the exercise of the Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a Right Certificate, as such, shall not be entitled to any rights of a stockholder of
the Company with respect to the shares for which the Rights shall be exercisable, including, without limitation, the right to vote, to receive dividends or other distributions or to exercise any
preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to receive any notice of any proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein. 

        11.    Adjustments to Number and Kind of Shares, Number of Rights or Purchase Price.    The number and kind of shares
subject to purchase upon the exercise of each Right, the number of Rights outstanding and the Purchase Price are subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in this Section 11. 

        (a)   (i)    In
the event the Company shall at any time after the date of this Rights Agreement (A) declare or pay any dividend on Preferred Stock payable in
shares of Preferred Stock, (B) subdivide or split the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into a greater number of shares, (C) combine or consolidate the outstanding shares of
Preferred Stock into a smaller number of shares or effect a reverse split of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, or (D) issue any shares of its capital stock in a reclassification of the
Preferred Stock (including any such reclassification in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation), except as otherwise provided in this
Section 11(a), the Purchase Price in effect at the time of the record date for such dividend or of the effective date of such subdivision, combination or reclassification, and the number and
kind of shares of Preferred Stock or capital stock, as the case may be, issuable on such date, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the holder of any Right exercised after such time shall be
entitled to receive, upon payment of the Purchase Price then in effect, the aggregate number and kind of shares of capital stock or other securities, which, if such Right had been exercised
immediately prior to such date, the holder thereof would have owned upon such exercise and been entitled to receive by virtue of such dividend, subdivision, combination or reclassification. If an
event occurs which would require an adjustment under both this Section 11(a)(i) and Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, the adjustment provided 

11

 

for
in this Section 11(a)(i) shall be in addition to, and shall be made prior to, any adjustment required pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii). 

         (ii)    Subject
to Section 24, in the event 

        (A)  any
Acquiring Person or any Associate or Affiliate of any Acquiring Person, at any time after the date of this Rights Agreement, directly or indirectly, (1) shall
consolidate with or merge with and into the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or otherwise combine with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and the Company or such Subsidiary shall be the
continuing or surviving corporation of
such consolidation, merger or combination and the Common Stock of the Company shall remain outstanding and no shares thereof shall be changed into or exchanged for stock or other securities of the
Company or of any other Person or cash or any other property, or (2) shall, in one or more transactions, other than in connection with the exercise of a Right or Rights and other than in
connection with the exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for or convertible into securities of the Company or of any Subsidiary of the Company, transfer any assets or property to the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries in exchange (in whole or in part) for any shares of any class of capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any securities exercisable for or
convertible into shares of any class of capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or otherwise obtain from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, with or without consideration, any
additional shares of any class of capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any securities exercisable for or convertible into shares of any class of capital stock of the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries (other than as part of a pro rata offer or distribution by the Company or such Subsidiary to all holders of such shares), or (3) shall sell, purchase, lease, exchange,
mortgage, pledge, transfer or otherwise acquire (other than as a pro rata dividend) or dispose, to, from or with, as the case may be, in one transaction or a series of transactions, the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries, assets (including securities) on terms and conditions less favorable to the Company or such Subsidiary than the Company or such Subsidiary would be able to obtain in arm's-length
negotiation with an unaffiliated third party, or (4) shall receive any compensation from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for services other than compensation for employment as a regular
or part-time employee, or fees for serving as a director, at rates in accordance with the Company's (or its Subsidiary's) past practices, or (5) shall receive the benefit, directly
or indirectly (except proportionately as a stockholder), of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial assistance or any tax credits or tax advantage provided by the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries, or (6) shall engage in any transaction with the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) involving the sale, license, transfer or grant of any right in, or disclosure of, any
patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks, know-how or any other intellectual or industrial property rights recognized under any country's intellectual property laws which the Company
(including its Subsidiaries) owns or has the right to use on terms and conditions not approved by the Board; or 

        (B)  any
Person, alone or together with its Affiliates and Associates, shall become an Acquiring Person; or 

        (C)  during
such time as there is an Acquiring Person, there shall be any reclassification of securities (including any reverse stock split), or any recapitalization of the
Company, or any merger or consolidation of the Company with any of its Subsidiaries or any other transaction or series of transactions involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (whether or not
with or into or otherwise involving an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate of such Acquiring Person) which has the effect, directly or indirectly, of increasing by more than 1% the
proportionate share of the outstanding shares of any class of equity securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or securities exercisable for or convertible into equity securities of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, which is directly or indirectly beneficially 

12

 

owned
by any Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate of any Acquiring Person (any of (A), (B) or (C) being referred to herein as a "Flip-In Event"), then upon the
first occurrence of such Flip-In Event (A) the Purchase Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to the Flip-In Event multiplied by
the number of one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to such Flip-In Event, whether or not such Right was then
exercisable, and (B) each holder of a Right, except as otherwise provided in this Section 11(a)(ii) and Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, shall thereafter have the right to
receive, upon exercise thereof at a price equal to the Purchase Price (as so adjusted), in accordance with the terms of this Rights Agreement and in lieu of shares of Preferred Stock, such number of
shares of Common Stock as shall equal the result obtained by dividing the Purchase Price (as so adjusted) by 50% of the Current Market Price per share of the Common Stock (determined pursuant to
Section 11(d) hereof) on the date of such Flip-In Event; provided, however, that the
Purchase Price (as so adjusted) and the number of shares of Common Stock so receivable upon the exercise of a Right shall, following the Flip-In Event, be subject to further adjustment as
appropriate in accordance with Section 11(f) hereof. Notwithstanding anything in this Rights Agreement to the contrary, however, from and after the Flip-In Event, any Rights that
are beneficially owned by (x) any Acquiring Person (or any Affiliate or Associate of any Acquiring Person), (y) a transferee of any Acquiring Person (or any such Affiliate or Associate)
who becomes a transferee after the Flip-In Event or (z) a transferee of any Acquiring Person (or any such Affiliate or Associate) who became a transferee prior to or concurrently
with the Flip-In Event pursuant to either (I) a transfer from the Acquiring Person to holders of its equity securities or to any Person with whom it has any continuing agreement,
arrangement or understanding regarding the transferred Rights or (II) a transfer which the Board of Directors has determined is part of a plan, arrangement or understanding which has the
purpose or effect of avoiding the provisions of this paragraph, and subsequent transferees of such Persons, shall be void without any further action and any holder of such Rights shall thereafter have
no rights whatsoever with respect to such Rights under any provision of this Rights Agreement. The Company shall use all reasonable efforts to ensure that the provisions of this
Section 11(a)(ii) are complied with, but shall have no liability to any holder of Right Certificates or other Person as a result of its failure to make any determinations with respect to
an Acquiring Person or its Affiliates, Associates or transferees hereunder. From and after the Flip-In Event, no Right Certificate shall be issued pursuant to Section 3 or
Section 6 hereof that represents Rights that are or have become void pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph, and any Right Certificate delivered to the Rights Agent that represents Rights
that are or have become void pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph shall be canceled. 

         (iii)    The
Company may at its option substitute for a share of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of Rights in accordance with the foregoing
subparagraph (ii) such number or fractions of shares of Preferred Stock having an aggregate current market value equal to the Current Market Price of a share of Common Stock. In the event that
there shall not be sufficient shares of Common Stock issued but not outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with the foregoing subparagraph
(ii), the Board of Directors shall, to the extent permitted by applicable law and any material agreements then in effect to which the Company is a party (A) determine the excess (such excess,
the "Spread") of (1) the value of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of a Right in accordance with the foregoing subparagraph (ii) (the "Current Value") over
(2) the Purchase Price (as adjusted in accordance with the foregoing subparagraph (ii)), and (B) with respect to each Right (other than Rights which have become void pursuant to the
foregoing subparagraph (ii)), make adequate provision to substitute for the shares of Common Stock issuable in accordance with the foregoing paragraph (ii) upon exercise of the Right and
payment of the Purchase Price (as 

13

 

adjusted
in accordance therewith), (1) cash, (2) a reduction in such Purchase Price, (3) shares of Preferred Stock or other equity securities of the Company (including, without
limitation, shares or fractions of shares of preferred stock which, by virtue of having dividend, voting and liquidation rights substantially comparable to those of the shares of Common Stock, are
deemed in good faith by the Board of Directors to have substantially the same value as the shares of Common Stock (such shares of Preferred Stock and shares or fractions of shares of preferred stock
are being hereinafter referred to as "Common Stock Equivalents," (4) debt securities of the Company, (5) other assets, or (6) any combination of the foregoing, having a value
which, when added to the value of the shares of Common Stock actually issued upon exercise of such Right, shall have an aggregate value equal to the Current Value (less the amount of any reduction in
such Purchase Price), where such aggregate value has been determined by the Board of Directors upon the advice of a nationally recognized investment banking firm selected in good faith by the Board of
Directors; provided, however, that if the Company shall not make adequate provision to deliver value pursuant to clause (B) above within thirty (30) days following the date of the
Flip-In Event (the "Flip-in Trigger Date"), then the Company shall be obligated to deliver, to the extent permitted by applicable law and any material agreements then in effect
to which the Company is a party, upon the surrender for exercise of a Right and without requiring payment of such Purchase Price, shares of Common Stock (to the extent available), and then, if
necessary, such number or fractions of shares of Preferred Stock (to the extent available) and then, if necessary, cash, which shares and/or cash have an aggregate value equal to the Spread. If the
Board of Directors of the Company shall determine in good faith that it is likely that sufficient additional shares of Common Stock and/or Common Stock Equivalents could be authorized for issuance
upon exercise in full of the Rights, the thirty (30) day period set forth above may be extended to the extent necessary, but not more than ninety (90) days after the Flip-In
Trigger Date, in order that the Company may seek stockholder approval for the authorization of such additional shares or Common Stock Equivalents (such thirty (30) day period, as it may be
extended, is hereinafter called the "Substitution Period"). To the extent that the Company determines that some action need be taken pursuant to the second and/or third sentence of this
Section 11(a)(iii), the Company (x) shall provide, subject to the last sentence of Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, that such action shall apply uniformly to all outstanding
Rights, and (y) may suspend the exercisability of the Rights until the expiration of the Substitution Period in order to seek any authorization of additional shares and/or to decide the
appropriate form of distribution to be made pursuant to the first sentence of Section 11(a)(iii) and to determine the value thereof. In the event of any such suspension, the Company
shall issue a public announcement stating that the exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public announcement at such time as the suspension is no longer in effect.
For purposes of this Section 11(a)(iii), the value of the Common Stock shall be the Current Market Price
per share of the Common Stock on the Flip-In Trigger Date and the per share or per unit value of any Common Stock Equivalent shall be deemed to equal the Current Market Price per share of
the Common Stock on such date. The Board of Directors may, but shall not be required to, establish procedures to allocate the right to receive Common Stock upon the exercise of the Rights among
holders of Rights pursuant to this Section 11(a)(iii). 

        (b)   In
case the Company shall fix a record date for the issuance of rights (other than the Rights), options or warrants to all holders of Preferred Stock entitling them to
subscribe for or purchase (for a period expiring within forty-five calendar days after such record date) Preferred Stock, shares having the same rights, privileges and preferences as the
Preferred Stock ("equivalent preferred stock") or securities convertible into Preferred Stock or equivalent preferred stock at a price per share of Preferred Stock or equivalent preferred stock (or
having a conversion price per share, if a security convertible into Preferred Stock or equivalent preferred stock) less than the Current Market Price per share of Preferred Stock on such record date,
the Purchase Price to be in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect 

14

 

immediately
prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding on such record date, plus the number of shares of Preferred
Stock which the aggregate offering price of the total number of shares of Preferred Stock and/or equivalent preferred stock (and/or the aggregate initial conversion price of the convertible securities
so to be offered) would purchase at such Current Market Price, and the denominator of which shall be the number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding on such record date, plus the number of
additional shares of Preferred Stock and/or equivalent preferred stock to be offered for subscription or purchase (or into which the convertible securities so to be offered are initially convertible).
In case such subscription price may be paid by delivery of consideration part or all of which may be in a form other than cash, the value of such non-cash consideration shall be as
determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent. Shares of Preferred Stock owned by or held for the
account of the Company shall not be deemed outstanding for the purpose of any such computation. Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed, and in the event that
such rights or warrants are not so issued, the Purchase Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would then be in effect if such record date had not been fixed. 

        (c)   In
case the Company shall fix a record date for a distribution to all holders of Preferred Stock (including any such distribution made in connection with a consolidation
or merger in which the Company is the continuing corporation) of evidences of indebtedness, cash, assets (other than a dividend payable in Preferred Stock, but including any dividend payable in stock
other than Preferred Stock) or subscription rights or warrants (excluding those referred to in Section 11(b) hereof), the Purchase Price to be in effect after such record date shall be
determined by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the Current Market Price per share of Preferred Stock on
such record date, less the fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent)
of the portion of the cash, assets or evidences of indebtedness to be distributed or of such subscription rights or warrants applicable to a share of Preferred Stock and the denominator of which shall
be such Current Market Price per share of Preferred Stock. Such adjustments shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed, and
in the event that such distribution is not so made, the Purchase Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would have been in effect if such record date had not been fixed. 

        (d)   (i)    For
the purpose of any computation hereunder, other than computations made pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, the "Current Market
Price" per share of Common Stock on any date shall be deemed to be the average of the daily closing prices per share of the Common Stock for the thirty consecutive Trading Days (as such term is
hereinafter defined) immediately prior to such date, and for purpose of computations made pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, the "Current Market Price" per share of the Common Stock
on any date shall be deemed to be the average of the daily closing prices per share of the Common Stock for the ten consecutive Trading Days immediately following such date; provided, however, that in
the event that the Current Market Price per share of the Common Stock is determined during a period following the announcement by the issuer of the Common Stock of (i) any dividend or
distribution on the Common Stock (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend and other than the Rights), (ii) any subdivision, combination or reclassification of the Common Stock, and prior
to the expiration of the requisite thirty Trading Day or ten Trading Day period, as set forth above, after the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution, or the record date for
such subdivision, combination or reclassification occurs, then, and in each such case, the Current Market Price shall be properly adjusted to take into account ex-dividend trading. The
closing price for each day shall be the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of 

15

 

the
closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the
NASDAQ Exchange or, if the shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on the NASDAQ Exchange, as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to
securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are listed or admitted to trading or, if the shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted to
trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted sale price or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market,
as reported by NASDAQ or such other system then in use, or, if on any such date the shares of Common Stock are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as
furnished by a professional market maker making a market in the Common Stock selected by the Board of Directors of the Company. If on any such date no market maker is making a market in the Common
Stock, the fair value of such shares on such date as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company shall be used and shall be binding on the Rights Agent. The term "Trading Day"
shall mean a day on which the principal national securities exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if the shares of
Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, a Business Day. If the Common Stock is not publicly held or not so listed or traded, "Current Market Price" per
share shall mean the fair value per share as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and
shall be conclusive for all purposes. 

         (ii)    For
the purpose of any computation hereunder, the "Current Market Price" per share (or one one-hundredth of a share) of
Preferred Stock shall be determined in the same manner as set forth above for the Common Stock in clause (i) of this Section 11(d) (other than the last sentence
thereof). If the Current Market Price per share (or one one-hundredth of a share) of Preferred Stock cannot be determined in the manner provided above or if the Preferred Stock is not
publicly held or listed or traded in a manner described in clause (i) of this Section 11(d), the "Current Market Price" per share of Preferred Stock shall be conclusively deemed to be an
amount equal to 100 (as such number may be appropriately adjusted for such events as stock splits, stock dividends and recapitalizations with respect to the Common Stock occurring after the date of
this Rights Agreement) multiplied by the Current Market Price per share of the Common Stock and the "Current Market Price" per one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock shall, be
equal to the Current Market Price per share of the Common Stock (as appropriately adjusted). If neither the Common Stock nor the Preferred Stock is publicly held or so listed or traded, "Current
Market Price" per shall mean the fair value per share as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights
Agent and shall be conclusive for all purposes. 

        (e)   Anything
herein to the contrary notwithstanding, no adjustment in the Purchase Price shall be required unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at
least one percent in the Purchase Price; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of this Section 11(e) are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken into
account in any subsequent adjustment. All calculations under this Section 11 shall be made to the nearest cent or to the nearest ten-thousandth of a share of Common Stock or other
share or one-hundred-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock, as the case may be. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 11(e), any adjustment required by this
Section 11 shall be made no later than the earlier of (i) three years from the date of the transaction which mandates such adjustment, or (ii) the Expiration Date. 

16

  

        (f)    If
as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii) or Section 13(a) hereof, the holder of any Right thereafter exercised shall
become entitled to receive any shares of capital stock other than Preferred Stock, thereafter the number of such other shares so receivable upon exercise of any Right and the Purchase Price thereof
shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with respect to the shares of Preferred Stock contained in
Section 11(a), (b), (c), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k) and (m) hereof, and the provisions of Sections 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14 hereof with respect to the Preferred Stock shall apply on
like terms to any such other shares. 

        (g)   All
Rights originally issued by the Company subsequent to any adjustment made to the Purchase Price hereunder shall evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted
Purchase Price, the number of shares of Preferred Stock purchasable from time to time hereunder upon exercise of the Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein. 

        (h)   Unless
the Company shall have exercised its election as provided in Section 11(i), upon each adjustment of the Purchase Price as a result of the calculations made
in Sections 11(b) and (c), each Right outstanding immediately prior to the making of such adjustment shall thereafter evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, that number of one
one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock (calculated to the nearest one-hundred-thousandth) obtained by (i) multiplying (x) the number of one
one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock covered by a Right immediately prior to this adjustment, by (y) the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment of the
Purchase Price, and (ii) dividing the product so obtained by the Purchase Price in effect immediately after such adjustment of the Purchase Price. 

        (i)    The
Company may elect on or after the date of any adjustment of the Purchase Price or any adjustment to the number of shares of Preferred Stock for which a Right may be
exercised made pursuant to Sections 11(a)(i), 11(b) or 11(c), to adjust the number of Rights in lieu of any adjustment in the number of shares of Preferred Stock purchasable upon the exercise of a
Right. Each of the Rights outstanding after the adjustment in the number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number of shares of Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior
to such adjustment. Each Right held of record prior to such adjustment of the number of Rights shall become that number of Rights (calculated to the nearest one hundred-thousandth) obtained by
dividing the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to adjustment of the Purchase Price by the Purchase Price in effect immediately after adjustment of the Purchase Price. The Company shall make a
public announcement of its election to adjust the number of Rights, indicating the record date for the adjustment, and, if known at the time, the amount of the adjustment to be made. This record date
may be the date on which the Purchase Price is adjusted or any day thereafter, but, if the Right Certificates have been issued, shall be at least ten days later than the date of the public
announcement. If Right Certificates have been issued, upon each adjustment of the number of Rights pursuant to this Section 11(i), the Company shall, as promptly as practicable, cause to be
distributed to holders of record of Right
Certificates on such record date Right Certificates evidencing, subject to Section 14 hereof, the additional Rights to which such holders shall be entitled as a result of such adjustment, or,
at the option of the Company, shall cause to be distributed to such holders of record in substitution and replacement for the Right Certificates held by such holders prior to the date of adjustment,
and upon surrender thereof, if required by the Company, new Right Certificates evidencing all the Rights to which such holders shall be entitled after such adjustment. Right Certificates so to be
distributed shall be issued, executed and countersigned in the manner provided for herein (and may bear, at the option of the Company, the adjusted Purchase Price) and shall be registered in the names
of the holders of record of Right Certificates on the record date specified in the public announcement. 

        (j)    Irrespective
of any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price or the number of shares of Preferred Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Rights, the Right
Certificates theretofore and 

17

 

thereafter
issued may continue to express the Purchase Price per share and the number of shares which were expressed in the initial Right Certificate issued hereunder. 

        (k)   Before
taking any action that would cause an adjustment reducing the Purchase Price below the then par value, if any, of the shares of Common Stock, Preferred Stock or
other capital stock issuable upon exercise of the Rights, the Company shall take any corporate action, including using its best efforts to obtain any required stockholder approvals, which may, in the
opinion of its counsel, be necessary in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock, Preferred Stock or other capital stock at such
adjusted Purchase Price. If upon any exercise of the Rights, a holder is to receive a combination of Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents, a portion of the consideration paid upon such exercise,
equal to at least the then par value of a share of Common Stock of the Company, shall be allocated as the payment for each share of Common Stock of the Company so received. 

        (l)    In
any case in which this Section 11 shall require that an adjustment in the Purchase Price be made effective as of a record date for a specified event, the
Company may elect to defer until the occurrence of such event the issuance to the holder of any Right exercised after such record date the shares of Preferred Stock and other capital stock or
securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise over and above the shares of Preferred Stock and other capital stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise on
the basis of the Purchase Price in effect prior to such adjustment; provided, however, that the Company shall deliver to such holder a due bill or other
appropriate instrument evidencing such holder's right to receive such additional shares of Preferred Stock and other capital stock or securities upon the occurrence of the event requiring such
adjustment. 

        (m)  Anything
in this Section 11 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company shall be entitled to make such reductions in the Purchase Price, in addition to those
adjustments expressly required by this Section 11, as and to the extent that in their good faith judgment the Board of Directors of the Company shall determine to be advisable in order that any
(i) consolidation or subdivision of the Preferred Stock, (ii) issuance for cash of any shares of Preferred Stock at less than the Current Market
Price, (iii) issuance for cash of shares of Preferred Stock or securities which by their terms are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Preferred Stock, (iv) stock dividends or
(v) issuance of rights, options or warrants referred to in this Section 11, hereafter made by the Company to holders of its Preferred Stock shall not be taxable to such stockholders. 

        (n)   The
Company covenants and agrees that it shall not, at any time after the Distribution Date, (i) consolidate with any other Person, (ii) merge with or into
any other Person, or (iii) sell or transfer (or permit any Subsidiary to sell or transfer), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, assets or earning power aggregating more than
50% of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to, any other Person or Persons, if (x) at the time of or immediately after such consolidation, merger
or sale there are any charter or by-law provisions or any rights, warrants or other instruments or securities outstanding or agreements in effect which substantially diminish or otherwise
eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights or (y) prior to, simultaneously with or immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale, the stockholders of the Person who
constitutes, or would constitute, the "Principal Party" for purposes of Section 13(a) hereof shall have received a distribution of Rights previously owned by such Person or any of its
Affiliates and Associates. The Company shall not consummate any such consolidation, merger or sale unless prior thereto the Company and such other Person shall have executed and delivered to the
Rights Agent a supplemental agreement evidencing compliance with this subsection. 

        (o)   The
Company covenants and agrees that, after the Distribution Date, it will not, except as permitted by Section 23, Section 24 or Section 27 hereof,
take (or permit any Subsidiary to take) 

18

 

any
action if at the time such action is taken it is reasonably foreseeable that such action will diminish substantially or eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights. 

        (p)   Anything
in this Rights Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event that the Company shall at any time after the Record Date and prior to the Distribution
Date (i) declare or pay any dividend on the outstanding shares of Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding shares of Common Stock, or
(iii) combine the outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, the number of Rights associated with each share of Common Stock then outstanding, or issued or delivered
thereafter, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the number of Rights thereafter associated with each share of Common Stock following any such event equals the result obtained by multiplying the
number of Rights associated with each share of Common Stock immediately prior to such event by a fraction, the numerator or which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately
prior to the occurrence of such event and the denominator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately following the occurrence of such event. 

        12.    Certification of Adjustments.    Whenever an adjustment is made as provided in Sections 11 and 13 hereof, the
Company shall (a) promptly prepare a certificate signed by its Chief Executive Officer, its President or any Vice President and by the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or
any
Assistant Secretary of the Company setting forth such adjustment and a brief statement of the facts giving rise to such adjustment, (b) promptly file with the Rights Agent and with each
transfer agent for the Preferred Stock and the Common Stock a copy of such certificate and (c) mail a brief summary thereof to each holder of a Right Certificate (or, if prior to the
Distribution Date, to each holder of a certificate representing shares of Common Stock) in accordance with Section 26 hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, the failure of the Company
to give such notice shall not affect the validity of or the force or effect of or the requirement for such adjustment. The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying on any certificate prepared
by the Company pursuant to Sections 11 and 13 and on any adjustment therein contained and shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any such adjustment unless and until it shall have received such
certificate. Any adjustment to be made pursuant to Sections 11 and 13 of this Rights Agreement shall be effective as of the date of the event giving rise to such adjustment. 

        13.    Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power.    

        (a)   In
the event that following the first occurrence of a Flip-In Event, directly or indirectly, (x) the Company shall consolidate with, or merge with and
into, any other Person or Persons and the Company shall not be the surviving or continuing corporation of such consolidation or merger, or (y) any Person or Persons shall consolidate with, or
merge with and into, the Company, and the Company shall be the continuing or surviving corporation of such consolidation or merger and, in connection with such consolidation or merger, all or part of
the outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be changed into or exchanged for stock or other securities of any other Person or of the Company or cash or any other property other than, in the case of
the transactions described in subparagraphs (x) or (y), a merger or consolidation which would result in all of the Voting Power represented by the securities of the Company outstanding
immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into securities of the surviving entity) all of the Voting Power represented by the securities
of the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation and the holders of such securities not having changed as a result of such transactions), or
(z) the Company or one or more of its Subsidiaries shall sell, mortgage or otherwise transfer to any other Person or any Affiliate or Associate of such Person, in one transaction, or a series
of related transactions, assets or earning power aggregating more than 50% of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole), then, on the first occurrence of any
such event (a "Flip-Over Event"), proper provision shall be made so that (i) each holder of a Right (other than Rights 

19

 

which
have become void pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii) hereof) shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the Purchase Price (as theretofore adjusted in
accordance with Section 11(a)(ii) hereof), in accordance with the terms of this Rights Agreement and in lieu of shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock of the Company, such number of
validly authorized and issued, fully paid, non-assessable and freely tradable shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party (as such term is hereinafter defined), not subject to any liens,
encumbrances, rights of first refusal or other adverse claims, as shall equal the result obtained by dividing the Purchase Price (as theretofore adjusted in accordance with
Section 11(a)(ii) hereof) by 50% of the Current Market Price per share of the Common Stock of such Principal Party (determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) on the date of
consummation of such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer; provided, however, that the Purchase Price (as theretofore adjusted in accordance with
Section 11(a)(ii) hereof) and the number of shares of Common Stock of such Principal Party so receivable upon exercise of a Right shall be subject to further adjustment as appropriate in
accordance with Section 11(f) hereof to reflect any events occurring in respect of the Common Stock of such Principal Party after the occurrence of such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer;
(ii) such Principal Party shall thereafter be liable for, and shall assume, by virtue of such Flip-Over Event, all the obligations and duties of the Company pursuant to this Rights
Agreement; (iii) the term "Company" for all purposes of this Rights Agreement shall thereafter be deemed to refer to such Principal Party, it being specifically intended that the provisions of
Section 11 hereof shall only apply to such Principal Party following the first occurrence of a Flip-Over Event; and (iv) such Principal Party shall take such steps
(including, but not limited to, the reservation of a sufficient number of shares of its Common Stock in accordance with Section 9 hereof) in connection with the consummation of any such
transaction as may be necessary to assure that the provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as reasonably may be, in relation to its shares of Common Stock thereafter deliverable
upon the exercise of the Rights; provided, however, that, upon the subsequent occurrence of any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all assets, recapitalization, reclassification of
shares, reorganization or other extraordinary transaction in respect of such Principal Party, each holder of a Right shall thereupon be entitled to receive, upon exercise of a Right, such cash,
shares, rights, warrants and other property which such holder would have been entitled to receive had he, at the time of such transaction, owned the shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party
purchasable upon the exercise of a Right, and such Principal
Party shall take such steps (including, but not limited to, reservation of shares of stock) as may necessary to permit the subsequent exercise of the Rights in accordance with the terms hereof for
such cash, shares, rights, warrants and other property. 

        (b)   "Principal
Party" shall mean 

        (i)    in
the case of any transaction described in (x) or (y) of the first sentence of Section 13(a) hereof; (A) the Person that is the issuer of
the securities into which shares of Common Stock of the Company are converted in such merger or consolidation, or, if there is more than one such issuer, the issuer the Common Stock of which has the
greatest aggregate market value or (B) if no securities are so issued, (x) the Person that is the other party to the merger or consolidation and that survives said merger or
consolidation, or, if there is more than one such Person, the Person the Common Stock of which has the greatest market value or (y) if the Person that is the other party to the merger or
consolidation does not survive the merger or consolidation, the Person that does survive the merger or consolidation (including the Company if it survives); and 

        (ii)   in
the case of any transaction described in (z) of the first sentence in Section 13(a) hereof, the Person that is the party receiving the greatest portion
of the assets or earning power transferred pursuant to such transaction or transactions, or, if each Person that is a party to such transaction or transactions receives the same portion of the assets
or earning 

20

 

power
so transferred or if the Person receiving the greatest portion of the assets or earning power cannot be determined, whichever of such Persons as is the issuer of Common Stock having the greatest
aggregate market value of shares outstanding; 

provided, however, that in any such case described in the foregoing (b)(i) or (b)(ii), (1) if the Common Stock of such Person is not at
such time and has not been continuously over the preceding 12-month period registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, and such Person is a direct or indirect Subsidiary of
another Person the Common Stock of which is and has been so registered, the term "Principal Party" shall refer to such other Person, or (2) if such Person is a Subsidiary, directly or
indirectly, of more than one Person, the Common Stocks of all of which are and have been so registered, the term "Principal Party" shall refer to whichever of such Persons is the issuer of the Common
Stock having the greatest market value of shares outstanding, or (3) if such Person is owned, directly or indirectly, by a joint venture formed by two or more Persons that are not owned,
directly or indirectly, by the same Person, the rules set forth in clauses (1) and (2) above shall apply to each of the owners having an interest in the joint venture as if the Person
owned by the joint venture was a Subsidiary of both or all of such joint venturers, and the Principal Party in each such case shall bear the obligations set forth in this Section 13 in the same
ratio as its interest in such Person bears to the total of such interests. 

        (c)   The
Company shall not consummate any consolidation, merger, sale or transfer referred to in Section 13(a) unless the Principal Party shall have a sufficient
number of authorized shares of its Common Stock that have not been issued or reserved for issuance to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with this Section 13 and unless
prior thereto the Company and the Principal Party involved therein shall have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent an agreement confirming that the requirements of Sections 13(a) and
(b) hereof shall promptly be performed in accordance with their terms and that such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer of assets shall not result in a default by the Principal Party under
this Rights Agreement as the same shall have been assumed by the Principal Party pursuant to Sections 13(a) and (b) hereof and further providing that, as soon as practicable after executing
such agreement pursuant to this Section 13, the Principal Party at its own expense shall: 

        (i)    prepare
and file a registration statement under the Securities Act, if necessary, with respect to the Rights and the securities purchasable upon exercise of the
Rights on an appropriate form, use its best efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective as soon as practicable after such filing and use its best efforts to cause such
registration statement to remain effective (with a prospectus at all times meeting the requirements of the Act) until the date of expiration of the Rights, and similarly comply with applicable state
securities laws; 

        (ii)   use
its best efforts, if the Common Stock of the Principal Party shall become listed on a national securities exchange, to list (or continue the listing of) the Rights
and the securities purchasable upon exercise of the Rights on such securities exchange and, if the Common Stock of the Principal Party shall not be listed on a national securities exchange, to cause
the Rights and the securities purchased upon exercise of the Rights to be reported by NASDAQ or such other system then in use; 

        (iii)  deliver
to holders of the Rights historical financial statements for the Principal Party which comply in all respects with the requirements for registration on
Form 10 (or any successor form) under the Exchange Act; and 

        (iv)  obtain
waivers of any rights of first refusal or preemptive rights in respect of the shares of Common Stock of the Principal Party subject to purchase upon exercise of
outstanding Rights. 

21

 

In
the event that any of the transactions described in Section 13(a) hereof shall occur at any time after the occurrence of a transaction described in Section 11(a)(ii) hereof,
the Rights which have not theretofore been exercised shall thereafter be exercisable in the manner described in Section 13(a). 

        (d)   Furthermore,
in case the Principal Party which is to be a party to a transaction referred to in this Section 13 has a provision in any of its authorized
securities or in its Certificate of Incorporation or
By-laws or other instrument governing its corporate affairs, which provision would have the effect of (i) causing such Principal Party to issue, in connection with, or as a
consequence of, the consummation of a transaction referred to in this Section 13, shares of Common Stock of such Principal Party at less than the then Current Market Price per share (determined
pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) or securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock of such Principal Party at less than such then current market price (other than to holders of
Rights pursuant to this Section 13) or (ii) providing for any special payment, tax or similar provisions in connection with the issuance of the Common Stock of such Principal Party
pursuant to the provisions of Section 13; then, in such event, the Company hereby agrees with each holder of Rights that it shall not consummate any such transaction unless prior thereto the
Company and such Principal Party shall have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent a supplemental agreement providing that the provision in question of such Principal Party shall have been
canceled, waived or amended, or that the authorized securities shall be redeemed, so that the applicable provision will have no effect in connection with, or as a consequence of, the consummation of
the proposed transaction. 

        14.    Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares.    

        (a)   The
Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Rights or to distribute Right Certificates which evidence fractional Rights. In lieu of such fractional Rights,
there shall be paid to the holders of record of the Right Certificates with regard to which such fractional Rights would otherwise be issuable, an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the then
current market value of a whole Right. For the purposes of this Section 14(a), the then current market value of a Right shall be determined in the same manner as the Current Market Price of a
share of Common Stock shall be determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof. 

        (b)   The
Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares of Preferred Stock (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-hundredth of
a share of Preferred Stock) upon exercise of the Rights or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of Preferred Stock (other fractions which are integral multiples of one
one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock). Fractions of shares of Preferred Stock in integral multiples of one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock may, at the
election of the Company, be evidenced by depository receipts, pursuant to an appropriate agreement between the Company and a depository selected by it, provided that such agreement shall provide that
the holders of such depository receipts shall have all the rights, privileges and preferences to which they are entitled as beneficial owners of the shares of Preferred Stock represented by such
depository receipts. In lieu of fractional shares of Preferred Stock that are not integral multiples of one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock, the Company may pay to the
registered holders of Right Certificates at the time such Rights are exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market value of one
one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock. For purposes of this Section 14(b), the current market value of one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock shall be the
Current Market Price of a share of Common Stock (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(ii) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of such exercise. 

        (c)   Following
the occurrence of a Flip-In Event, the Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares or units of Common Stock or Common Stock
Equivalents or other securities 

22

 

upon
exercise of the Rights or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of such Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or other securities. In lieu of fractional shares or units
of such Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or other securities, the Company may pay to the registered holders of Right Certificates at the time such Rights are exercised as herein provided an
amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the Current Market Value of a share or unit of such Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalent or other securities. For purposes of this Section 14(c),
the Current Market Value shall be determined in the manner set forth in Section 11(d) hereof for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of such exercise and, if such Common Stock
Equivalent is not traded, each such Common Stock Equivalent shall have the value of one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock. 

        (d)   The
holder of a Right by the acceptance of a Right expressly waives his right to receive any fractional Right or any fractional shares upon exercise of a Right. 

        15.    Rights of Action.    All rights of action in respect of this Rights Agreement, other than any rights of action
vested in the Rights Agent pursuant to Sections 18 and 20 below, are vested in the respective holders of record of the Right Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the holders of record of
the Common Stock); and any holder of record of any Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, of the Common Stock), without the consent of the Rights Agent or of the holder of any other
Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, of the Common Stock), may, in his own behalf and for his own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding
against the Company or any other Person to enforce, or otherwise act in respect of, his right to exercise the Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate in the manner provided in such Right
Certificate and in this Rights Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is specifically acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have
an adequate remedy at law for any breach of this Rights Agreement and, accordingly, that they will be entitled to specific performance of the obligations under, and injunctive relief against actual or
threatened violations of, the obligations of any Person subject to this Rights Agreement. Holders of Rights shall be entitled to recover the reasonable costs and expenses, including attorneys' fees,
incurred by them in any action to enforce the provisions of this Rights Agreement. 

        16.    Agreement of Right Holders.    Every holder of a Right by accepting the same consents and agrees with the
Company and the Rights Agent and with every other holder of a Right that: 

        (a)   prior
to the Distribution Date, the Rights will not be evidenced by a Right Certificate and will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of Common Stock; 

        (b)   after
the Distribution Date, the Right Certificates will be transferable only on the registry books of the Rights Agent if surrendered at the office of the Rights Agent
designated for such purpose, duly endorsed or accompanied by a proper instrument of transfer; 

        (c)   the
Company and the Rights Agent may deem and treat the person in whose name the Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the associated Common Stock
certificate) is registered as the absolute owner thereof and of the Rights evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or writing on the Right Certificate or the associated Common
Stock certificate made by anyone other than the Company or the Rights Agent or the transfer agent of the Common Stock) for all purposes whatsoever, and neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall
be affected by any notice to the contrary; and 

        (d)   notwithstanding
anything in this Rights Agreement to the contrary, neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder of a Right or other
Person as a result of its inability to perform any of its obligations under this Rights Agreement by reason of any preliminary or permanent injunction or other order, decree or ruling issued by a
court of competent jurisdiction or by a governmental, regulatory or administrative agency or commission, or 

23

 

any
statute, rule, regulation or executive order promulgated or enacted by any governmental authority, prohibiting or otherwise restraining performance of such obligation;  provided, however, that the
Company must use its best efforts to have any such order, decree or ruling lifted or otherwise overturned as soon as
possible. 

        17.    Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder.    No holder of a Right, as such, shall be entitled to vote,
receive dividends in respect of or be deemed for any purpose to be the holder of Common Stock or any other securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable upon the exercise of the Rights,
nor shall anything contained herein or in any Right Certificate be construed to confer upon the holder of any Right Certificate, as such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right
to vote in the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, or to receive notice of meetings or
other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in Section 25 hereof), or to receive dividends or subscription rights in respect of any such stock or securities, or otherwise, until
the Right or Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate shall have been exercised in accordance with the provisions hereof. 

        18.    Concerning the Rights Agent.    

        (a)   The
Company agrees to pay to the Rights Agent reasonable compensation for all service rendered by it hereunder and, from time to time, on demand of the Rights Agent, its
reasonable expenses and counsel fees and other disbursements incurred in the administration and execution of this Rights
Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Rights Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred
without gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent for any thing done or omitted to be done by the Rights Agent in connection with the acceptance and
administration of this Rights Agreement, including the cost and expenses of defending against any claim of liability in the premises. The indemnity provided herein shall survive the expiration of the
Rights and the termination of this Rights Agreement. Anything in this Rights Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in no event shall the Rights Agent be liable for special, indirect or
consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Rights Agent has been advised of the likelihood of such loss damage and regardless of the
form of action. 

        (b)   The
Rights Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in connection with its administration
of this Rights Agreement in reliance upon any Right Certificate, certificate for Common Stock or other securities of the Company, instrument of assignment or transfer, power of attorney, endorsement,
affidavit, letter, notice, direction, consent, certificate, statement or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to be signed, executed and, where necessary, guaranteed, verified or
acknowledged, by the proper Person or Persons. 

        19.    Merger or Consolidation or Changed Name of Rights Agent.    

        (a)   Any
corporation into which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any
merger or consolidation to which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust or stock transfer business of the Rights Agent or
any successor Rights Agent, shall be the successor to the Rights Agent under this Rights Agreement without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties
hereto, provided that such corporation would be eligible for appointment as a successor Rights Agent under the provisions of Section 21 hereof. In case at the time such successor Rights Agent
shall succeed to the agency created by this Rights Agreement, any of the Right Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, any such successor Rights Agent may adopt the 

24

 

countersignature
of the predecessor Rights Agent and deliver such Right Certificates so countersigned; and, in case at that time any of the Right Certificates shall not have been countersigned, any
successor Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either in the name of the predecessor Rights Agent or in the name of the successor Rights Agent; and in all such cases such Right
Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this Rights Agreement. 

        (b)   In
case at any time the name of the Rights Agent shall be changed and at such time any of the Right Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, the
Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature under its prior name and deliver such Right Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that time any of the Right Certificates shall not have been
countersigned, the Rights Agent may
countersign such Right Certificates either in its prior name or in its changed name; and in all such cases such Right Certificate shall have the full force provided in the Right Certificates and in
this Rights Agreement. 

        20.    Duties of Rights Agent.    The Rights Agent undertakes the duties and obligations imposed by this Rights
Agreement upon the following terms and conditions, by all of which the Company and the holders of Right Certificates, by their acceptance thereof, shall be bound: 

        (a)   The
Rights Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be legal counsel for the Company), and the opinion of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
protection to the Rights Agent as to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and in accordance with such opinion. 

        (b)   Whenever
in the performance of its duties under this Rights Agreement the Rights Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter (including, without
limitation, the identity of any Acquiring Person and the determination of "Current Market Price") be proved or established by the Company prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder, such fact
or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by certificate signed by the President or any Vice
President and by the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Rights Agent; and such certificate shall be full authorization
to the Rights Agent for any action taken or suffered in good faith by it under the provisions of this Rights Agreement in reliance upon such certificate. 

        (c)   The
Rights Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct. 

        (d)   The
Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Rights Agreement or in the Right Certificates
(except its countersignature thereof) or be required to verify the same, but all such statements and recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only. 

        (e)   The
Rights Agent shall not be under any responsibility in respect of the validity of this Rights Agreement or the execution and delivery hereof (except the due execution
hereof by the Rights Agent) or in respect of the validity or execution of any Right Certificate (except its countersignature thereof); nor shall it be responsible for any breach by the Company of any
covenant or condition contained in this Rights Agreement or in any Right Certificate; nor shall it be responsible for any adjustment required under the provisions of Sections 11, 13, 23 or 24 hereof
or responsible for the manner, method or amount of any such adjustment or the ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment (except with respect to the exercise of
Rights evidenced by Right Certificates after receipt of a Certificate furnished pursuant to Section 12 describing any such adjustment); nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any
representation or warranty as to
the authorization or reservation of any shares of Common Stock to be issued pursuant to this Rights Agreement or any Right Certificate or as to whether any shares of Common Stock will, when issued, be
validly authorized and issued, fully paid and nonassessable. 

25

  

        (f)    The
Company agrees that it will perform, execute, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and delivered all such further and other acts,
instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required by the Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by the Rights Agent of the provisions of this Rights Agreement. 

        (g)   The
Rights Agent is hereby authorized and directed to accept instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder from the Chairman of the Board, the
Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President or the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer of the Company, and to apply to such officers for
advice or instructions in connection with its duties, and it shall not be liable for any action taken or suffered to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with instructions of any such officer.
Any application by the Rights Agent for written instructions from the Company may, at the option of the Rights Agent, set forth in writing any action proposed to be taken or omitted by the Rights
Agent under this Rights Agreement and the date on and/or after which such action shall be taken or such omission shall be effective. Subject to Section 20(c) hereof, the Rights Agent shall not
be liable for any action taken by, or omission of, the Rights Agent in accordance with a proposal included in any such application on or after the date specified in such application (which date shall
not be less than five Business Days after the date any officer of the Company actually receives such application, unless any such officer shall have consented in writing to an earlier date) unless,
prior to taking any such action (or the effective date in the case of an omission), the Rights Agent shall have received written instructions in response to such application specifying the action to
be taken or omitted. 

        (h)   The
Rights Agent and any stockholder, director, officer or employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the Rights or other securities of the Company or
become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in which the Company may be interested, or contract with or lend money to the Company or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not the
Rights Agent under this Rights Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude the Rights Agent from acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other entity. 

        (i)    The
Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself or by or through its attorneys or
agents, and the Rights Agent shall not be answerable or accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any such attorneys or agents or for any loss to the Company resulting from any such
act, default, neglect or misconduct, provided reasonable care was exercised in the selection and continued employment thereof. 

        (j)    No
provision of this Rights Agreement shall require the Rights Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any
of its duties hereunder or in
the exercise of its rights if there shall be reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnification against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. 

        (k)   If,
with respect to any Right Certificate surrendered to the Rights Agent for exercise or transfer, the certificate contained in the form of assignment or the form of
election to purchase set forth on the reverse thereof, as the case may be, has either not been completed or indicates an affirmative response to clause 1 and/or 2 thereof, the Rights Agent
shall not take any further action with respect to such requested exercise of transfer without first consulting with the Company. 

        21.    Change of Rights Agent.    The Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its
duties under this Rights Agreement upon 30 days' notice in writing, or such earlier period as shall be agreed to in writing, mailed to the Company and to each transfer agent of the Common Stock
by registered or certified mail, and to the holders of the Right Certificates by first-class 

26

 

mail.
The Company may remove the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent (with or without cause) upon 30 days' notice in writing, or such earlier period as shall be agreed to in writing,
mailed to the Rights Agent or successor Rights Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer agent of the Common Stock by registered or certified mail, and to the holders of the Right Certificates
by first-class mail. If the Rights Agent shall resign or be removed or shall otherwise become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a successor to the Rights Agent. Notwithstanding the
foregoing provisions of this Section 21, in no event shall the resignation or removal of a Rights Agent be effective until a successor Rights Agent shall have been appointed and have accepted
such appointment. If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of 30 days after such removal or after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by
the resigning or incapacitated Rights Agent or by the holder of a Right Certificate (who shall, with such notice, submit his Right Certificate for inspection by the Company), then the incumbent Rights
Agent or the holder of record of any Right Certificate may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a new Rights Agent. Any successor Rights Agent, whether appointed by the
Company or by such a court, shall be (a) a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or any State thereof, in good standing, which is authorized under such
laws to exercise corporate trust or stock transfer powers and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority and which has at the time of its appointment as Rights Agent a
combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 or (b) an Affiliate controlled by a corporation described in clause (a) of this sentence. After appointment, the successor Rights
Agent shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if it had been originally named as Rights Agent without further act or deed; but the predecessor Rights Agent shall
deliver and transfer to the successor Rights Agent any property at the time held by it hereunder, and execute and deliver any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed necessary for the purpose. Not
later than the effective date of any such appointment the Company shall file notice thereof in writing with the predecessor Rights Agent and each transfer agent of the Common Stock, and mail a notice
thereof in writing to the registered holders of the Right Certificates. Failure to give any notice provided for in this Section 21, however, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality
or validity of the resignation or removal of the Rights Agent or the appointment of the successor Rights Agent, as the case may be. 

        22.    Issuance of New Right Certificates.    Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Rights Agreement or of the
Rights to the contrary, the Company may, at its option, issue new Right Certificates evidencing Rights in such form as may be approved by its Board of Directors to reflect any adjustment or change in
the Purchase Price per share and the number or kind or class of shares of stock or other securities or property purchasable under the Right Certificates made in accordance with the provisions of this
Rights Agreement. In addition, in connection with the issuance or sale of shares of Common Stock following the Distribution Date and prior to the redemption or expiration of the Rights, the Company
shall, with respect to shares of Common Stock so issued or sold pursuant to the exercise of stock options or under any employee plan or arrangement, or upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of
securities hereinafter issued by the Company, in each case existing prior to the Distribution Date, issue Right Certificates representing the appropriate number of Rights in connection with such
issuance or sale; provided, however, that (i) no such Right Certificate shall be issued if, and to the extent that, the Company shall be advised by counsel that such issuance would create a
significant risk of material adverse tax consequences to the Company or the Person to whom such Right Certificate would be issued, and (ii) no such Right Certificate shall be issued, if, and to
the extent that, appropriate adjustment shall otherwise have been made in lieu of the issuance thereof. 

        23.    Redemption.    

        (a)   The
Board of Directors of the Company may, at its option, at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the 10th day following the first occurrence of a
Flip-In Event; or (ii) the Close of Business on the Expiration Date, redeem all but not less than all the then outstanding Rights at a redemption price of $0.01 per Right, as such
amount may be appropriately adjusted to reflect any 

27

 

stock
split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date hereof (such redemption price being hereinafter referred to as the "Redemption Price"). 

        (b)   Immediately
upon the action of the Board of Directors of the Company ordering the redemption of the Rights (or at such later time as the Board of Directors may establish
for the effectiveness of such redemption), and without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right thereafter of the holders of Rights
shall be to receive the Redemption Price. The Company shall promptly give public notice of any such redemption; provided, however, that the failure to give, or any defect in, any such notice shall not
affect the validity of such redemption. Within (10) days after such action of the Board of Directors ordering the redemption of the Rights (or such later time as the Board of Directors may
establish for the effectiveness of such redemption), the Company shall mail a notice of redemption to all the holders of the then outstanding Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon the
registry books of the Rights Agent or, prior to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of the transfer agent for the Common Stock. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall
be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice. Each such notice of redemption shall state the method by which the payment of the Redemption Price will be made. The failure to give
notice required by this Section 23(b) or any defect therein shall not affect the legality or validity of the action taken by the Company. 

        (c)   Notwithstanding
any other provision of this Rights Agreement, the Rights shall automatically be redeemed without any further action by the Board of Directors or any
other person as follows: 

        (i)    In
the event the Company receives an Offer from any Offeror, the Board of Directors of the Company shall call a special meeting of stockholders (the "Special Meeting")
for the purpose of voting on a resolution requesting the Board of Directors to redeem the Rights (the "Resolution"). The Special Meeting shall be noticed at least 25 days in advance and held on
a date selected by the Board of Directors, which date shall not be more than 140 days after the date such Offer is received by the Company. The Board of Directors shall set a date for
determining the stockholders of record entitled to notice of and to vote at the Special Meeting in accordance with the Company's Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and with applicable law. At the
Offeror's request, the Company shall include in any proxy soliciting material prepared by it in connection with the Special Meeting proxy soliciting material submitted by the Offeror; provided,
however, that the Offeror shall by written agreement with the Company contained in or delivered with such request have indemnified the Company against any and all liabilities resulting from any
misstatements, misleading statements and omissions contained in the Offeror's proxy soliciting material. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Special Meeting shall be held from and after such time as any
Person becomes an Acquiring Person, and any Special Meeting scheduled prior to such time and not theretofore held shall be canceled. 

        (ii)   If
at the Special Meeting the Resolution receives the affirmative vote of (x) sixty percent (60%) of the shares of Common Stock outstanding, exclusive of any
shares of voting stock held by the Offeror and its Affiliates, as of the record date of the Special Meeting, and (y) two-thirds (2/3) of the Common Stock present and
entitled to vote at the Special Meeting, then all of the Rights shall be automatically redeemed without any further action by the Company or any stockholder action at the Redemption Price, effective
immediately prior to the consummation of any tender offer (provided that such tender offer or any other transaction resulting in the consummation of an Offer is consummated prior to 60 days
after the date of the Special Meeting) pursuant to which any Person offers to purchase all of the shares of Common Stock held by Persons other than such Offeror and its Affiliates at a price per share
in cash equal to or greater than the price contained in the Resolution approved at 

28

 

the
Special Meeting; provided, however, that the Rights shall not be redeemed at any time from and after such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring Person. 

        (iii)  Nothing
contained in this subsection (c) shall be deemed to be in derogation of the obligation of the Board of Directors of the Company to exercise its
fiduciary duty. Without limiting the foregoing, nothing contained herein shall be construed to suggest or imply that the Board of Directors shall not be entitled to reject any Offer, or to recommend
that holders of shares of Common Stock reject any tender offer, or to take any other action (including, without limitation, the commencement, prosecution, defense or settlement of any litigation and
the submission of additional or alternative Offers or other proposals to the Special Meeting) with respect to any Offer or any tender offer that the Board of Directors believes is necessary or
appropriate in the exercise of its fiduciary duty. 

        (iv)  Nothing
in this subsection (c) shall be construed as limiting or prohibiting the Company or any Offeror from proposing or engaging, at any time, in any
acquisition, disposition or other transfer of any securities of the Company, any merger or consolidation involving the Company, any sale or other transfer of assets of the Company, any liquidation,
dissolution or winding-up of the Company, or any other business combination or other transaction, or any other action by the Company or such Offeror; provided, however, that the holders of
Rights shall have the rights set forth in this Rights Agreement with respect to any such acquisition, disposition, transfer, merger, consolidation, sale, liquidation, dissolution,
winding-up, business combination, transaction or action. 

        (d)   Immediately
upon the action of the Board of Directors of the Company ordering the redemption of the Rights, or upon effectiveness of the redemption of the Rights
pursuant to subsection (c) of this Section 23, evidence of which shall have been filed with the Rights Agent and without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise
the Rights will terminate and the only right thereafter of the holders of Rights shall be to receive the Redemption Price for each Right so held. Promptly after the action of the Board of Directors
ordering the redemption of the Rights, or promptly following the redemption of the Rights pursuant to subsection (c) of this Section 23, the Company shall give notice of such redemption
to the Rights Agent and the holders of the then outstanding Rights by mailing such notice to all such holders at each holder's last address as it appears upon the registry books of the Rights Agent
or, prior to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of the Transfer Agent for the Common Stock. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the
holder receives the notice. Each such notice of redemption will state the method by which the payment of the Redemption Price will be made. 

        24.    Exchange of Rights for Common Stock.    

        (a)   The
Board of Directors of the Company may, at its option, at any time after the occurrence of a Flip-In Event, exchange all or part of the then outstanding
and exercisable Rights (which (i) shall not include Rights that have become void pursuant to the provisions of Section 11(a)(ii) and (ii) shall include, without limitation,
any Rights issued after the Distribution Date in accordance with Section 22) for shares of Common Stock at an exchange ratio of one share of Common Stock per Right, appropriately adjusted to
reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date hereof (such exchange ratio being hereinafter referred to as the "Exchange Ratio"). Notwithstanding the
foregoing the Board of Directors shall not be empowered to effect such exchange at any time after any Person (other than an Exempt Person), together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person,
becomes the Beneficial Owner of shares of Common Stock aggregating 50% or more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding. From and after the occurrence of an event specified in
Section 13(a) hereof, any Rights that theretofore have not been exchanged pursuant to this Section 24(a) shall thereafter be 

29

 

exercisable
only in accordance with Section 13 and may not be exchanged pursuant to this Section 24(a). 

        (b)   Immediately
upon the action of the Board of Directors of the Company ordering the exchange of any Rights pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section 24 and
without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise such Rights shall terminate and the only right thereafter of a holder of such Rights shall be to receive that number of shares
of Common Stock equal to the number of such Rights held by such holder multiplied by the Exchange Ratio. The Company shall promptly give public notice of any such exchange;  provided, however, that the
failure to give, or any defect in, such notice shall not affect the validity of such exchange. The Company promptly shall
mail a notice of any such exchange to all of the holders of such Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon the registry books of the Rights Agent. Any notice which is mailed in the manner
herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice. Each such notice of exchange will state the method by which the exchange of the shares of Common Stock for Rights
will be effected and, in the event of any partial exchange, the number of Rights which will be exchanged. Any partial exchange shall be effected pro rata based on the number of Rights (other than
Rights which have become void pursuant to the provisions of Section 11(a)(ii) hereof) held by each holder of Rights. 

        (c)   In
any exchange pursuant to this Section 24, the Company, at its option, may substitute, and, in the event that there shall not be sufficient shares of Common
Stock issued but not outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit any exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with this Section 24, the Company shall substitute to the extent of
such insufficiency, for each share of Common Stock that would otherwise be issuable upon exchange of a Right, a number of shares of Preferred Stock or fractions thereof (or equivalent preferred
shares, as such term is defined in Section 11(b)) having an aggregate current per share market price (determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) equal to the current per share market
price of one share of Common Stock (determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) as of the date of the Flip-In Event. 

        (d)   In
the event that there shall not be sufficient shares of Common Stock issued but not outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit any exchange of Rights as
contemplated in accordance with this Section 24, the Company shall take all such action as may be necessary to authorize additional shares of Common Stock for issuance upon exchange of the
Rights. 

        (e)   The
Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares of Common Stock or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of Common Stock. In lieu of
such fractional shares of Common Stock, the Company shall pay to the registered holders of the Right Certificates with regard to which such fractional shares of Common Stock would otherwise be
issuable an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market value of a whole share of Common Stock. For the purposes of this paragraph (d), the current market value of a whole
share of Common Stock shall be the Current Market Price of a share of Common Stock (as defined in Section 11(d) hereof for the purposes of computations made other than pursuant to
Section 11(a)(iii)) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of exchange pursuant to this Section 24. 

        25.    Notice of Proposed Actions.    

        (a)   In
case the Company, after the Distribution Date, shall propose (i) to effect any of the transactions referred to in Section 11(a)(i) or to pay any
dividend to the holders of record of its Preferred Stock payable in stock of any class or to make any other distribution to the holders of record of its Preferred Stock (other than a regular periodic
cash dividend), or (ii) to offer to the holders of record of its Preferred Stock or options, warrants, or other rights to subscribe for or to purchase shares of Preferred Stock (including any
security convertible into or exchangeable for Preferred Stock) or shares of stock of any other class or any other securities, options, warrants, 

30

 

convertible
or exchangeable securities or other rights, or (iii) to effect any reclassification of its Preferred Stock or any recapitalization or reorganization of the Company, or
(iv) to effect any consolidation or merger with or into, or to effect any sale or other transfer (or to permit one or more of its Subsidiaries to effect any sale or other transfer), in one or
more transactions, of more than 50% of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to, any other Person or Persons, or (v) to effect the liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of the Company, then, in each such case, the Company shall give to each holder of record of a Right Certificate, in accordance with Section 26 hereof, notice of such
proposed action, which shall specify the record date for the purposes of such transaction referred to in Section 11(a)(i), or such dividend or distribution, or the date on which such
reclassification, recapitalization, reorganization, consolidation, merger, sale or transfer of assets, liquidation, dissolution or winding up is to take place and the record date for determining
participation therein by the holders of record of Preferred Stock, if any such date is to be fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the case of any action covered by clause (i) or
(ii) above at least 10 days prior to the record date for determining holders of record of the Preferred Stock for purposes of such action, and in the case of any such other action, at
least 10 days prior to the date of the taking of such proposed action or the date of participation therein by the holders of record of Preferred Stock, whichever shall be the earlier. 

        (b)   In
case any of the transactions referred to in Section 11(a)(ii) or Section 13 of this Rights Agreement are proposed, then, in any such case, the
Company shall give to each holder of Rights, in accordance with Section 26 hereof, notice of the proposal of such transaction at least 10 days prior to consummating such transaction,
which notice shall specify the proposed event and the consequences of the event to holders of Rights under Section 11(a)(ii) or Section 13 hereof, as the case may be, and, upon
consummating such transaction, shall similarly give notice thereof to each holder of Rights. 

        (c)   The
failure to give notice required by this Section 25 or any defect therein shall not affect the legality or validity of the action taken by the Company or the
vote upon any such action. 

        26.    Notices.    Notices or demands authorized by this Rights Agreement to be given or made by the Rights Agent or
by the holder of record of any Right Certificate or Right to or on behalf of the Company shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another
address is filed in writing with the Rights Agent) as follows: 

American
Residential Investment Trust, Inc.

445 Marine View Drive, Suite 230

Del Mar, CA 92014

Attention: Clay Strittmatter 

Subject
to the provisions of Section 20 hereof, any notice or demand authorized by this Rights Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder of record of any Right Certificate
or Right to or on the Rights Agent shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing with the Company) as follows: 

American
Stock Transfer and Trust Company

59 Maiden Lane

Plaza Level

New York, NY 10038

Attention: 

Notices
or demands authorized by this Rights Agreement to be given or made by the Company or the Rights Agent to the holder of record of any Right Certificate or Right shall be sufficiently given or
made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such holder at the address of such holder 

31

 

as
it appears upon the registry books of the Rights Agent or, prior to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of the Transfer Agent. 

        27.    Supplements and Amendments.    Except as provided in the penultimate sentence of this Section 27, for so
long as the Rights are then redeemable, the Company may in its sole and absolute discretion, and the Rights Agent shall if the Company so directs, supplement or amend any provision of this Rights
Agreement in any respect without the approval of any holders of the Rights. At any time when the Rights are no longer redeemable, except as provided in the penultimate sentence of this
Section 27, the Company may, and the Rights Agent shall, if the Company so directs, supplement or amend this Rights Agreement without the approval of any holders of Right Certificates in order
to (i) cure any ambiguity, (ii) correct or supplement any provision contained herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions herein, (iii) shorten or
lengthen any time period hereunder, or (iv) change or supplement the provisions hereunder in any manner which the Company may deem necessary or desirable;  provided that no such supplement or
amendment shall adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights as such (other than an Acquiring Person or
an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person), and no such amendment may cause the Rights again to become redeemable or cause the Agreement again to become amendable other than in accordance with
this sentence. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Rights Agreement to the contrary, no supplement or amendment shall be made which changes the Redemption Price. Prior to the Distribution Date,
the interests of the holders of Rights shall be deemed coincident with the interests of the holders of Common Stock. 

        28.    Successors.    All of the covenants and provisions of this Rights Agreement by or for the benefit of the
Company or the Rights Agent shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder. 

        29.    Benefits of this Rights Agreement.    Nothing in this Rights Agreement shall be construed to give to any person
or corporation other than the Company, the Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Right Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the Common Stock) any legal or equitable right,
remedy or claim under this Rights Agreement; but this Rights Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Rights Agent and the holders of record of the Right Certificates
(and, prior to the Distribution Date, the Common Stock). 

        30.    Governing Law.    This Rights Agreement and each Right Certificate issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a
contract made under the laws of the State of Maryland and for all purposes shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of such state applicable to contracts to be made solely by
residents of such state and performed entirely within such state. 

        31.    Counterparts.    This Rights Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and each of such
counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. 

        32.    Descriptive Headings.    Descriptive headings of the several sections of this Rights Agreement are inserted for
convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof. 

        33.    Severability.    If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Rights Agreement is held by a court of
competent jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Rights Agreement shall remain in full
force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated. 

32

 

        IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Rights Agreement to be duly executed, and their seals affixed and attested, all as of the date and year first above written. 

	[SEAL]	 	 	 
	

ATTEST:	
 	

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL

INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.
	

By:	

 	
 	

By:	

 
	 	
	 	 	

	 	Name:	 	 	Name:
	 	Title:	 	 	Title:
	
[SEAL]	
 	

 	

 
	

ATTEST:	
 	

AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER AND TRUST COMPANY
	

By:	

 	
 	

By:	

 
	 	
	 	 	

	 	Name:	 	 	Name:
	 	Title:	 	 	Title:

33

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FIRST AMENDED AND RESTATED AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL INVESTMENT TRUST, INC. AND AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER AND TRUST COMPANY Rights Agent RIGHTS AGREEMENT Dated as of February 2, 1999 Amended as of March 4,
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Exhibit 10.13  

 
  EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT    
    

        THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT ("Agreement") is made and entered into by and between Megan M. Arthur, an individual
("Employee"), and, Magellan Health Services, Inc. on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively referred to herein as "Employer"). 

        WHEREAS, Employer desires to continue to obtain the services of Employee and Employee desires to continue to render services to Employer;
and 

        WHEREAS, Employer and Employee desire to set forth the terms and conditions of Employee's employment with Employer under this Agreement; 

        NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing recitals and of the mutual covenants and agreements contained in this Agreement, the
parties agree as follows: 

 
 

STATEMENT OF AGREEMENT    
    

        1.    Employment.    Employer agrees to employ
Employee, and Employee accepts such employment in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, for a term commencing on November 1, 2003 and, unless terminated earlier in accordance with the
terms of this Agreement, ending on May 22, 2004. Thereafter, this Agreement shall automatically renew for 30-day periods, unless sooner terminated as provided herein. In no event,
however, shall the Agreement continue beyond January 31, 2005. If either party desires not to renew the Agreement, they must provide the other party with written notice of their intent not to
renew the Agreement at least fifteen (15) days prior to the next renewal date. Employer or Employee's notice of intent not to renew the Agreement shall be deemed to be a termination without
cause and the provisions of Section 6(c) shall apply. 

        2.    Position and Duties of
Employee.    Employee will serve as either General Counsel or Deputy General Counsel of Employer. Employee agrees to serve in such position,
or in a comparable position as Employer determines from time to time, and to perform the duties that Employer may assign from time to time to Employee, at the same or greater base salary level and a
similar location, until the expiration of the term or such time as Employee's employment with Employer is terminated pursuant to this Agreement. 

        3.    Time Devoted.    Employee will devote
his or her full business time and energy to the business affairs and interests of Employer, and will use his or her best efforts and abilities to promote Employer's interests. Employee agrees that he
or she will diligently endeavor to perform services contemplated by this Agreement in a manner consistent with his or her position and in accordance with the policies established by the Employer. 

        4.    Compensation.    

        (a)    Base Salary.    Employer will pay Employee a base salary in the amount of Two Hundred Seventy Thousand dollars
($270,000.00), per year, which amount will be paid in semi-monthly intervals less appropriate withholdings for federal and state taxes and other deductions authorized by Employee. Such
salary will be subject to review and adjustment by Employer not less than annually. 

        (b)    Benefits.    Employee will be eligible to participate in Employer's Benefit Plans commensurate with his or her
position. Employee will receive separate information detailing the terms of such Benefit Plans and the terms of those plans will control. Employee also will be eligible to participate in any annual
incentive plan and stock option plan applicable to Employee by their terms respectively. During the term of this Agreement, Employee will be entitled to such other benefits of employment with Employer
[as are now] or may later be in effect for salaried employees of Employer, and also will be eligible to participate in other benefits adopted for employees at his or her level. 

 

        5.    Expenses.    During the term of this
Agreement, Employer will reimburse Employee promptly for all reasonable travel, entertainment, parking, business meetings and similar expenditures in pursuance and
furtherance of Employer's business upon receipt of reasonably supporting documentation as required by Employer's policies applicable to its employees generally. 

        6.    Termination.    

        (a)    Termination Due to Resignation.    Employee may resign his or her employment at any time by giving
30 days written notice of resignation to Employer. Except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement, Employee's employment, and Employee's right to receive compensation and benefits from
Employer, will terminate upon the effective date of Employee's termination. 

        If
Employee resigns pursuant to this Section 6(a), Employer's only remaining financial obligation to Employee under this Agreement will be to pay: (i) any earned but unpaid
Base Salary and accrued Paid Time Off through the effective date of Employee's termination; (ii) reimbursement of expenses incurred by Employee through the effective date of termination which
are reimbursable pursuant to this Agreement; and (iii) the Employee's vested portion of any Magellan deferred compensation or other benefit plan. 

        (b)    Termination with Cause.    Except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement, Employee's employment, and
Employee's right to receive compensation and benefits from Employer, will be terminated for cause at the discretion of Employer under the following circumstances: 

	(i)
	Employee's
commission of an act of fraud or dishonesty involving his or her duties on behalf of Employer;

	(ii)
	Employee's
failure or refusal to faithfully and diligently perform duties assigned to Employee or other breach of any material term under this Agreement;

	(iii)
	Employee's
failure or refusal to abide by Employer's policies, rules, procedures or directives; or

	(iv)
	Employee's
conviction of a felony or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude. 

If
Employee is terminated pursuant to this Section 6(b), Employer's only remaining financial obligation to Employee under this Agreement will be to pay: (i) any earned but unpaid Base
Salary and accrued Paid Time Off through the date of Employee's termination; (ii) reimbursement of expenses incurred by Employee through the date of termination which are reimbursable pursuant
to this Agreement; and (iii) the Employee's vested portion of any Magellan deferred compensation or other benefit plan. 

For
the events described in Sections 6(b)(ii) and (iii), Employer will give Employee written notice of such deficiency and a reasonable opportunity to cure such situation, but in no event more
than thirty days. 

        (c)    Termination Without Cause.    Employee may terminate this Agreement without cause by providing Employer with
written notice of her intent not to renew the Agreement. Such notice shall be provided at least fifteen (15) days prior to the expiration of the then current term. Employer may terminate this
Agreement without cause at any time. "Without cause" termination by Employer shall include, but not be limited to: (i) Employer's notice to Employee of its intent not to renew this Agreement in
accordance with the provisions of Section 1 hereof; (ii) Employer's notice to Employee that his or her position will be relocated to an office which is greater than 35 miles from
Employee's prior office location; and (iii) Employer's reduction of Employee's base salary to less than the base salary identified in Section 4(a) of this Agreement. If this Agreement is
terminated without cause, Employer shall continue to pay Employee the compensation provided for in Section 4(a) of this Agreement for a period of time equal to twelve months. Such pay 

2

 

continuation
is contingent upon Employee executing Employer's standard severance agreement, which incorporates a general release, at the time of termination. In addition, Employee will receive
(i) any earned but unpaid Base Salary and accrued Paid Time Off through the date of Employee's termination; (ii) reimbursement of expenses incurred by Employee through the date of
termination which are reimbursable pursuant to this Agreement; and (iii) the Employee's vested portion of any Magellan Health Services retirement, deferred compensation or other benefit plan,
including but not limited to, any stock option or restricted stock grant plans, in accordance with the terms of those plans. If Employee participates in any bonus plan(s), including but not limited
to, any long term bonus plan(s), Employer may pay Employee, on a pro-rata basis, the amount of such plan(s) as Employee would have earned if Employee had been employed for the full
calendar year. The pro-ration will be determined by the fraction of the number of months in the calendar year in which the Employee worked (rounded to the nearest whole month) divided by
12 months. In determining whether a pro-rata bonus shall be paid to Employee, the Employer may consider factors that include but are not limited to (i) the Employee's target
bonus (percentage of base salary), (ii) the Company's financial performance and (iii) the Employee's achievement of his or her specific performance objectives. At the time of
termination, Employer shall determine the Employee's bonus amount, if any. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any payout of such bonus amount shall be contingent upon the Company satisfying the financial
targets established by the Company's Board of Directors. Payment of any bonus shall be made at the time of the annual bonus payout for all employees. COBRA coverage may be elected to continue health,
dental, and vision insurance during the Severance Period and beyond. If COBRA coverage is elected, Employee will pay only the employee contribution rate for the health insurance portion of the COBRA
coverage during the Severance Period. Dental and vision coverage under COBRA will be billed at the full COBRA rate. 

        (d)    Automatic Termination.    This Agreement will terminate automatically upon the death or permanent disability of
Employee. Employee will be deemed to be "Disabled" or to suffer from a "Disability" within the meaning of this Agreement if, because of a physical or mental impairment, Employee has been unable to
perform the essential functions of his or her position, with or without reasonable accommodation, for a period of 180 consecutive days, or if Employee can reasonably be expected to be unable to
perform the essential functions of his or her position for such period. If Employee is terminated pursuant to this Section 6(d), Employee will receive (i) any earned but unpaid Base
Salary and accrued Paid Time Off through the date of Employee's termination; (ii) reimbursement of expenses incurred by Employee through the date of termination which are reimbursable pursuant
to this Agreement; and (iii) the Employee's vested portion of any Magellan Health Services retirement, deferred compensation or other benefit plan, including but not limited to, any stock
option or restricted stock grant plans, in accordance with the terms of those plans. If Employee participates in any bonus plan(s), including but not limited to, any long term bonus plan(s), Employer
may pay Employee, on a pro-rata basis, the amount of such plan(s) as Employee would have earned if Employee had been employed for the full calendar year. The pro-ration will be
determined by the fraction of the number of months in the calendar year in which the Employee worked (rounded to the nearest whole month) divided by 12 months. In determining whether a
pro-rata bonus shall be paid to Employee, the Employer may consider factors that include but are not limited to (i) the Employee's target bonus (percentage of base salary);
(ii) the Company's financial performance; and (iii) the Employee's achievement of his or her specific performance objectives. At the time of termination, Employer shall determine the
Employee's bonus amount, if any. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any payout of such bonus amount shall be contingent upon the Company satisfying the financial targets established by the Company's Board
of Directors. Payment of any bonus shall be made at the time of the annual bonus payout for all employees. 

3

 

        (e)    Effect of Termination.    Except as otherwise provided for in this Section 6, upon termination of this
Agreement, all rights and obligations under this Agreement will cease except for the rights and obligations under Sections 4 and 5 to the extent Employee has not been compensated or reimbursed for
services performed prior to termination (the amount of compensation to be prorated for the portion of the pay period prior to termination); the rights and obligations under Sections 7, 8 and 9; and
all procedural and remedial provisions of this Agreement. 

        7.    Protection of Confidential
Information/Non-Competition/Non-Solicitation.    

        Employee
covenants and agrees as follows: 

        (a)(i)    Confidential
Information: During Employer's employment of Employee and for a period of one year following the termination of Employee's employment for any reason,
Employee will not use or disclose, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatsoever or in any way, other than at the direction of Employer during the course of Employee's employment or after receipt
of the prior written consent of
Employer, any confidential information of Employer or its controlled subsidiaries or affiliates, that comes into his or her knowledge during his or her employment by Employer (the "Confidential
Information" as hereinafter defined). The obligation not to use or disclose any Confidential Information will not apply to any Confidential Information that is or becomes public knowledge through no
fault of Employee, and that may be utilized by the public without any direct or indirect obligation to Employer, but the termination of the obligation for non-use or nondisclosure by
reason of such information becoming public will extend only from the date such information becomes public knowledge. The above will be without prejudice to any additional rights or remedies of
Employer under any state or federal law protecting trade secrets or other information. 

        (a)(ii)    Trade Secrets. Employee shall hold in confidence all Trade Secrets of Employer, its direct and indirect subsidiaries,
and/or its customers that came into his or her knowledge during his or her employment by Employer and shall not disclose, publish or make use of at any time after the date hereof such Trade Secrets,
other than at the direction of Employer, for as long as the information remains a Trade Secret. 

        (a)(iii)    For
purposes of this Agreement, the following definitions apply: 

"Confidential
Information" means any data or information, other than Trade Secrets, that is valuable to Employer and not generally known to the public or to competitors of Employer. It is understood
that the term "Confidential Information" does not mean and shall not include information which: 

	(a)
	is
or subsequently becomes publicly available without the breach of any obligation owed to the Employer;

	(b)
	is
disclosed with the prior written approval of the Employer; or

	(c)
	is
obligated to be produced under order of a court of competent jurisdiction or a valid administrative, congressional, or other subpoena, civil investigative demand or
similar process; provided, however, that upon issuance of any such order, subpoena, demand or other process, the Employee shall promptly notify the
Employer and shall provide the Employer with an opportunity (if then available) to contest, at the Employer's expense, the propriety of such order or subpoena (or to arrange for appropriate safeguards
against any further disclosure by the court or administrative or congressional body seeking to compel disclosure of such Confidential Information). 

        "Trade
Secret" means information including, but not limited to, any technical or non-technical data, formula, pattern, compilation, program, device, method, technique,
drawing, process, financial data, financial plan, product plan, list of actual or potential customers or suppliers or other 

4

 

information
similar to any of the foregoing, which (i) derives economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to, and not being readily ascertainable by proper means by,
other persons who can derive economic value from its disclosure or use; and (ii) is the subject of efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances to maintain its secrecy. 

        (a)(iv)    Interpretation. The restrictions stated in paragraphs 7(a)(i) and 7(a)(ii) are in addition to and not
in lieu of protections afforded to trade secrets and confidential information under applicable state law. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to or shall be interpreted as diminishing or otherwise
limiting Employer's right under applicable state law to protect its trade secrets and confidential information. 

        (b)    Non-Competition. 

	(i)
	Employee
covenants and agrees that during the term of his or her employment with Employer and for a period of one year immediately following the termination of said
employment for any reason, he or she will not, on his or her own behalf or as a partner, officer, director, employee, agent, or consultant of any other person or entity, directly or indirectly, engage
or attempt to engage in the business of providing or selling services in the United States that are services offered by Employer at the time of the termination of this Agreement, unless waived in
writing by Employer in its sole discretion. Employee recognizes that the above restriction is reasonable and necessary to protect the interest of the Employer and its controlled subsidiaries and
affiliates.

	(ii)
	During
the one year period immediately following Employee's termination from his or her employment with Employer, Employee may submit a written request to Employer
outlining a proposed employment or other employment opportunity that Employee is considering. Employer will review such request, and make a determination within ten (10) business days following
receipt of such request, in its sole discretion, as to whether the opportunity would constitute a breach of the non-competition covenant. 

        (c)    Non-Solicitation.    To protect the goodwill of Employer and its controlled subsidiaries and
affiliates, or the customers of Employer and its controlled subsidiaries and affiliates, Employee agrees that, for a period of one year immediately following the termination of his or her employment
with Employer, he or she will not, without the prior written permission of Employer, directly or
indirectly, for himself or herself or on behalf of any other person or entity, solicit, divert away, take away or attempt to solicit or take away any Customer of Employer for purposes of providing or
selling services that are offered by Employer, if Employer, or the particular controlled subsidiary or affiliate of Employer, is then still engaged in the sale or provision of such services at the
time of the solicitation. For purposes of this Section 7(c), "Customer" means any individual or entity to whom Employer or its controlled subsidiaries or affiliates has provided, or contracted
to provide, services and with whom Employee had, alone or in conjunction with others, contact with or knowledge of, during the twelve months prior to the termination of his or her employment. For
purposes of this Section 7(c), Employee had contact with or knowledge of a customer if (i) Employee had business dealings with the customer on behalf of Employer or its controlled
subsidiaries or affiliates; (ii) Employee was responsible for supervising or coordinating the dealings between the customer and Employer or its controlled subsidiaries or affiliates; or
(iii) Employee obtained or had access to trade secrets or confidential information about the customer as a result of Employee's association with Employer or its controlled subsidiaries or
affiliates. 

        (d)    Solicitation of Employees.    During Employer's employment of Employee and for a period of one year following
the termination of Employee's employment with Employer for any reason, Employee will not solicit for employment, directly or indirectly, any employee of Employer or any 

5

 

of
its controlled subsidiaries or affiliates who was employed with Employer or its controlled subsidiaries or affiliates within the one year period immediately prior to Employee's termination. 

        8.    Work Made for Hire.    Employee agrees that any written program
materials, protocols, research papers, other writings, as well as improvements, inventions, new techniques, programs or products (the "Work") made or developed by Employee within or after normal
working hours relating to the business or activities of Employer or any of its subsidiaries, shall be deemed to have been made or developed by Employee solely for the benefit of Employer and will be
considered "work made for hire" within the meaning of the United States Copyright Act, Title 17, United States Code, which vests all copyright interest in and to the Work in the Employer. In the
event, however, that any court of competent jurisdiction finally declares that the Work is not or was not a work made for hire as agreed, Employee agrees to assign, convey, and transfer to the
Employer all right, title and interest Employee may presently have or may have or be deemed to have in and to any such Work and in the copyright of such work, including but not limited to, all rights
of reproduction, distribution, publication, public performance, public display and preparation of derivative works, and all rights of ownership and possession of the original fixation of the Work and
any and all copies. Additionally, Employee agrees to execute any documents necessary for Employer to record and/or perfect its ownership of the Work and the applicable copyright. 

        9.    Property of Employer.    Employee agrees that, upon the
termination of Employee's employment with Employer, Employee will immediately surrender to Employer all property, equipment, funds, lists, books, records and other materials of Employer or its
controlled subsidiaries or affiliates in the possession of or provided to Employee. 

        10.    Governing Law.    This Agreement and all issues relating to the
validity, interpretation, and performance will be governed by, interpreted, and enforced under the laws of the State of Maryland. 

        11.    Remedies.    An actual or threatened violation by Employee of
the covenants and obligations set forth in Sections 7, 8 and 9 will cause irreparable harm to Employer or its controlled subsidiaries or affiliates and that the remedy at law for any such violation
will be inadequate. Employee agrees, therefore, that Employer or its controlled subsidiaries or affiliates will be entitled to appropriate equitable relief, including, but not limited to, a temporary
restraining order and a preliminary injunction, without the necessity of posting a bond. Employee will also be entitled to seek equitable relief against Employer in connection with enforcement of the
covenants and obligations set forth in Sections 7, 8 and 9. The provisions of Sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 will survive the termination of this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth in each
Section. 

        12.    Arbitration.    Except for an action for injunctive relief as
described in Section 11, any disputes or controversies arising under this Agreement will be settled by arbitration in Columbia, Maryland in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration
Association relating to the arbitration of employment disputes. The determination and findings of such arbitrators will be final and binding on all parties and may be enforced, if necessary, in any
court of competent jurisdiction. The costs and expenses of the arbitration shall be paid for by Employer, but each party shall pay its own attorney's fees and other litigation costs. 

_______________________

Employee's Initials 

6

 

        13.    Notices.    Any notice or request required or permitted to be
given to any party will be given in writing and, excepting personal delivery, will be given at the address set forth below or at such other address as such party may designate by written notice to the
other party to this Agreement: 

	 	 	To Employee:	 	Megan M. Arthur

7706 Graystone Court

Ellicott City, Maryland 21043

(410) 379-9378
	

 	
 	

To Employer:	
 	

Magellan Health Services, Inc.

6950 Columbia Gateway Drive

Columbia, Maryland 21046

Attention: General Counsel

        Each
notice given in accordance with this Section will be deemed to have been given, if personally delivered, on the date personally delivered; if delivered by facsimile transmission,
when sent and confirmation of receipt is received; or, if mailed, on the third day following the day on which it is deposited in the United States mail, certified or registered mail, return receipt
requested, with postage prepaid, to the address last given in accordance with this Section. 

        14.    Headings.    The headings of the sections of this Agreement
have been inserted for convenience of reference only and should not be construed or interpreted to restrict or modify any of the terms or provisions of this Agreement. 

        15.    Severability.    If any provision of this Agreement is held to
be illegal, invalid, or unenforceable under present or future laws effective during the term of this Agreement, such provision will be fully severable and this Agreement and each separate provision
will be construed and enforced as if such illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision had never comprised a part of this Agreement, and the remaining provisions of this Agreement will remain in full
force and effect and will not be affected by the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision or by its severance from this Agreement. In addition, in lieu of such illegal, invalid or unenforceable
provision, there will be added automatically, as a part of this Agreement, a provision as similar in terms to such illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision as may be possible and be legal, valid
and enforceable, to the extent such reformation is allowable under applicable law. 

        16.    Binding Effect.    This Agreement will be binding upon and
shall inure to the benefit of each party and each party's respective successors, heirs and legal representatives. This Agreement may not be assigned by Employee to any other person or entity but may
be assigned by Employer to any subsidiary or affiliate of Employer or to any successor to or transferee of all, or any part, of the stock or assets of Employer. 

        17.    Employer Policies, Regulations, and Guidelines for
Employees.    Employer may issue policies, rules, regulations, guidelines, procedures or other material, whether in the form of handbooks, memoranda, or otherwise,
relating to its Employees. These materials are general guidelines for Employee's information and will not be construed to alter, modify, or amend this Agreement for any purpose whatsoever. 

        18.    Waiver of Claim Against Employer Pursuant to the Chapter 11
Filing.    Employee agrees to waive any claim he/she may have relating to Employer's rejection of Employee's executory contract in the course of its Chapter 11
filing. To the extent Employee has filed a proof of claim with the bankruptcy court, Employee agrees to take affirmative steps to withdraw such claim. 

        19.    Entire Agreement.    This Agreement embodies the entire
agreement and understanding between the parties with respect to its subject matter and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral, relating to its subject matter,
unless expressly provided 

7

 

otherwise
within this Agreement. No amendment or modification of this Agreement, will be valid unless made in writing and signed by each of the parties. No representations, inducements, or agreements
have been made to induce either Employee or Employer to enter into this Agreement, which are not expressly set forth within this Agreement.    Employee and Employer acknowledge and agree
that Employer's controlled subsidiaries and affiliates are express third party beneficiaries of this Agreement. 

[signatures
follow] 

        IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on the 24th day of March, 2004. 

	

 	
 	
MAGELLAN HEALTH SERVICES, INC.
	Megan M. Arthur	 	"Employer"
	

/s/  MEGAN M. ARTHUR      
	
 	

By:	
 	

/s/  STEVEN J. SHULMAN      

	 	 	Name:	 	Steven J. Shulman
	 	 	Title:	 	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

8

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EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

STATEMENT OF AGREEMENT

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