Document:

Exhibit
10.18

AMENDED AND RESTATED INDEMNITY
AGREEMENT

This  AMENDED AND RESTATED  INDEMNITY
AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is entered into this 11th day of
September, 2007 and is by and between NAMI
RESOURCES COMPANY L.L.C.,
a Kentucky limited liability company, and VINLAND
ENERGY EASTERN, LLC, a
Delaware limited liability company, (hereinafter collectively referred to as
the “Indemnitors”), and TRUST ENERGY COMPANY,
LLC, a Kentucky limited liability company (“TEC”), VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC, a Delaware limited
liability company (“VNR”), VANGUARD NATURAL GAS, LLC,
a Kentucky limited liability company (“VNG”) (hereinafter collectively referred
to as the “Indemnitees”).

WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS,
Indemnitors are or have been in the business of leasing and developing
properties in Kentucky for the production of oil and/or natural gas; and

WHEREAS, as part of
a restructuring of the business of the Indemnitors, certain assets were
assigned by the Indemnitors or their affiliates to the Indemnitees or their
affiliates; and

WHEREAS, at the time of such assignments,
NRC was a party to certain litigation styled Asher
Land and Mineral, Ltd. v. Nami Resources Company, LLC, Commonwealth
of Kentucky, Bell Circuit Court, Civil Action No. 06-CI-0566 (as such
litigation may be amended from time to time, the “Lawsuit”);

WHEREAS, in
connection with the restructuring referred to above, the Indemnitors agreed to
indemnify TEC in connection with the Lawsuit pursuant to the Indemnity
Agreement dated April 18, 2007, but effective as of January 5, 2007 (the “Original
Agreement”);

WHEREAS, at the time of entering
into the Original Agreement none of the Indemnitees, nor any affiliate of the
Indemnitees, was a party to the Lawsuit, but TEC had requested that the
Indemnitors indemnify TEC from and against any claims that may be asserted
against TEC in the Lawsuit or in connection with the matters asserted in the
Lawsuit;

WHEREAS, on August 8, 2007, the
plaintiffs in the Lawsuit filed a motion for leave to file a first amended
complaint (i) in order to add claims to set aside and declare void the asset
transfers resulting from the restructuring referred to above, (ii) requesting
that the defendants be ordered to account for all downstream expenses charged
against the plaintiff for royalties and to reimburse the plaintiff for such
charges, and (iii) seeking to join VNR and VNG, as well as various affiliates
of NRC and VEE, as defendants in the Lawsuit;

WHEREAS, the parties to the
Original Agreement desire to amend and restate in its entirety the Original
Agreement as set forth in this Agreement;

NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency
of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties to this Agreement hereby agree as
follows:

Section 1.       Indemnity.  Indemnitors,
jointly and severally, do hereby covenant and agree with the Indemnitee: (i) to
fully protect, defend and save the Indemnitee harmless from and against any and
all liabilities, judgments and damages incurred by Indemnitee as a result of claims
asserted against Indemnitee by the Plaintiff in the Lawsuit or otherwise in
connection with the matters asserted by the Plaintiff in the Lawsuit (“Claims”);
and (ii) to provide for the defense, at Indemnitors’ expense, on behalf of and
for the protection of Indemnitee against any loss or damage arising from the
Claims (but without prejudice to the right of the Indemnitee to defend at its
own expense if it so elects) in any and all litigation consisting of actions or
proceedings based on the Claims which may be asserted or attempted to be
asserted, established or enforced in, to, upon, against or in respect to
Indemnitee.  Nothwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, no
compromise or settlement of such Claims may be effected by the Indemnitors without
the written consent of the Indemnittee unless the Indemnitee will have no
liability with respect to such compromise or settlement and there will be no
adverse effect on the rights of Indemnitee or any payments to be received or
due to Indemnitee under the terms of that certain Revenue Payment Agreement
dated April 18, 2007 between Nami Resources Company L.L.C. and Trust Energy
Company, LLC (a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit A). 
Indemnitors agree to keep Indemnitees apprised of all proposed settlement
offers or compromises and all material developments in the proceedings related
to the Claims.

Section 2.       Term.  This Agreement shall
automatically terminate upon the resolution of the Lawsuit in such a way as to
preclude the assertion of Claims against the Indemnitee, whether by judgment,
settlement or otherwise.

Section 3.       Authority.  Each party represents that such party has
full power and authority to enter into this Amendment, and that this Amendment
constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of such party, enforceable
against such party in accordance with its terms.

Section 4.       Rights.  Indemnitee’s rights and remedies against
Indemnitors hereunder shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, all other
rights and remedies of Indemnitee at law or in equity.

Section 5.       Governing Law. This Agreement
shall be governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.

Section 6.       Successors and Assigns. This
Agreement shall be binding upon the Indemnitors and their successors and shall
be for the benefit of the Indemnitee and its successors and assigns.

Section 7.       Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in one or more
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which
shall constitute one and the same agreement.

IN WITNESS
WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and
attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

	
   

  	
   

  	
  INDEMNITORS:

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
  NAMI
  RESOURCES COMPANY L.L.C.

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
  By:

  	
  Nami Service Company, LLC

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
  Its Manager

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
  By:

  	
  /s/ Majeed S. Nami

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
  Majeed S. Nami

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
  Manager

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
  VINLAND EASTERN ENERGY, LLC

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
  By:

  	
  /s/ Majeed S. Nami

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
  Majeed S. Nami

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
  Manager

  

 

 

	
  

  	
   

  	
  INDEMNITEES:

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
  VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES,

  LLC

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
  By:

  	
  /s/ Scott W. Smith

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
  Name:

  	
  Scott W. Smith

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
  Title:

  	
  President and Chief Executive Officer

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
  VANGUARD NATURAL GAS, LLC

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
  By:

  	
  /s/ Scott W. Smith

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
  Scott W. Smith

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
  Manager

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
  TRUST ENERGY COMPANY, LLC

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
  By:

  	
  Vanguard Natural Gas, LLC

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
  Its Manager

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
  By:

  	
  /s/ Scott W. Smith

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
  Scott W. Smith

  
	
   

  	
   

  	
   

  	
  ManagerExhibit
10.31

Vanguard
Natural Resources, LLC

Directors Compensation

Each
Independent Director shall be entitled to the following compensation:

1.
Upon being appointed to the Board, a grant of 5000 Class B or restricted units

2.
A quarterly payment of $7500

3.
For the Chairman of the Audit Committee, an additional quarterly payment of
$2500

4.
Reimbursement of all costs and expenses incurred on behalf of the company while
conducting company businessExhibit 10.62

MASTER SERVICES AGREEMENT

Between

Medpace Inc.

an Ohio Corporation

4620 Wesley Avenue

Cincinnati, Ohio
45212

(“MEDPACE”)

and

 VIVUS, Inc.

a Delaware Corporation

1172 Castro Street

Mountain View, California
94040-2552

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This MASTER SERVICES AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”),
dated as of September 12, 2007 (the “Effective Date”), is between MEDPACE and
VIVUS.  MEDPACE and VIVUS are sometimes
referred to herein individually as a “Party” and together as the “Parties”.

RECITALS:

WHEREAS, VIVUS is in the business of developing
and obtaining regulatory approval of the marketing and sale of pharmaceutical
products and

WHEREAS, MEDPACE is engaged in the business of
providing services related to the design and execution of clinical development
programs involving drugs, biologics, and medical devices through engagement by
its clients, the sponsors of clinical development programs, to perform such
services; and

WHEREAS, VIVUS desires to engage MEDPACE to
perform certain services (“Services”) as set forth hereinafter in connection
with certain clinical trials, all in accordance with and subject to the terms
of this Agreement;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the
mutual covenants and conditions hereinafter set forth, the Parties agree as
follows:

1.             PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS

1.1           MEDPACE hereby agrees
to perform Services for VIVUS from time to time.  The precise Services to be performed by
MEDPACE shall be mutually agreed upon by the Parties and set forth in one or
more task orders (each a “Task Order”), a form of which is attached hereto as
Exhibit A.  Each Task Order shall be
signed by an authorized representative of each Party and shall include detailed
information concerning a given project, including a description of the specific
services to be provided (“Scope of Work”), project milestones and target
completion dates (“Project Schedule”), a detailed budget (“Project Budget”),
and a schedule of payments related to the Project Schedule and the Project
Budget (“Payment Schedule”).  Each Task
Order shall contain a Transfer of Obligations list (“Transfer of Obligations”)
in conjunction with the relevant Task Order and consistent with the regulations
set forth in 21 C.F.R. Section 312, Subpart
D (Responsibilities of VIVUS and Investigators).  Any responsibilities not specifically
transferred in the Transfer of Obligations shall remain the regulatory
responsibility of VIVUS.  Each Task Order
shall designate a Project Manager or other duly authorized representative 

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authorized to make decisions on behalf of each Party with respect to
the Services to be rendered under the Task Order.

2.             PROJECT SCHEDULE

2.1.          Each
Task Order shall contain project timelines, milestones or target dates for
completion of a project or a portion thereof, and all such schedules shall be
reasonable for the Services to be provided. 
In all events, the Parties shall use their reasonable best efforts to
comply with each Task Order.

2.2.          If
at any time either Party anticipates a delay in meeting the timelines for a
given Task Order as set forth in its Project Schedule, either due to changes to
the Services requested by VIVUS, or other causes (such as FDA approval of a
competitor’s NDA for the same drug, which may adversely affect patient
enrollment), then the anticipating Party shall promptly notify the other Party
in writing, specifying the reason for the delay and the anticipated effect upon
the timelines, milestones or other deliverables.

3.             CHANGE ORDERS

3.1.          Any change in the details of a Task Order or
the assumptions upon which the Task Order is based may require changes in the
Project Budget, Payment Schedule or Project Schedule.  Every such change shall require a written
amendment to the Task Order (a “Change Order”). 
Each Change Order shall detail the requested changes to the applicable
task, responsibility, duty, budget, timeline or other matter.  The Change Order will become effective upon
the execution of the Change Order by both Parties, and the Change Order will specify the period of time within which
MEDPACE must implement the changes.  Both
Parties agree to act in good faith and promptly when considering a Change Order
requested by the other party but neither party is obligated to execute a Change
Order.  No Change Order shall become
effective unless and until it is signed by both Parties.  Any such changes that result in additional
charges shall be reflected in the Change Order to the affected Task Order,
Project Budget or Payment Schedule.

4.             PROJECT BUDGET,
PAYMENT SCHEDULE, AND TERMS

4.1.          VIVUS
agrees to pay MEDPACE for Services rendered pursuant to the Project Budget and
Payment Schedules included in each Task Order.

4.2.          VIVUS
agrees to reimburse MEDPACE for reasonable pass-through expenses identified in
the Task Order and incurred by MEDPACE in providing the Services in accordance
with the relevant Task Order.  All
expenses billed to VIVUS by MEDPACE must be accompanied by appropriate
documentary 

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evidence, such as receipts or other documentation reasonably acceptable
to VIVUS.

4.3.          VIVUS
shall mail payments to MEDPACE within 45 days after receipt of a written
invoice and required supporting documentation as applicable. An annual interest
rate of 12% will be applied to outstanding invoices greater than 45 days.

5.             WARRANTIES AND
REPRESENTATIONS:

5.1.          Acknowledgements:

MEDPACE acknowledges that the Services to be provided hereunder are for
the benefit of, and are subject to the direction of VIVUS.  MEDPACE acknowledges that VIVUS is the
beneficiary under the terms of this Agreement and each Task Order, and that
VIVUS is entitled to enforce the provisions thereof.

5.2.          Representations
and Warranties of MEDPACE

5.2.1.       MEDPACE represents and warrants that it is a
corporation with its principal office and
place of business at 4620 Wesley Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45212, duly
organized, validly existing and in good standing in its place of organization,
and is in good standing in and duly qualified to do business.

5.2.2.       MEDPACE warrants that the execution, delivery
and performance of this Agreement and each Task Order has been validly
authorized by all corporate action and this Agreement and each Task Order
represents the valid binding agreement of MEDPACE enforceable in accordance
with its terms.  The execution, delivery
and performance of this Agreement and each Task Order will not violate any
organizational document governing MEDPACE, any agreement to which MEDPACE is a
party, or any law or court or governmental order, holding or writ by which
MEDPACE is bound.  MEDPACE further
warrants that it shall render the Services requested by VIVUS in accordance
with high professional standards, consistent with Good Clinical Practices and
Laboratory Regulations and with the standard of care customary in the contract
research organization industry.  MEDPACE
shall complete all services in conformance with each approved Task Order,
including each Project Schedule and Project Budget.

5.2.3.       MEDPACE warrants that the personnel assigned to
perform services rendered under this Agreement shall be qualified and
professionally capable of performing the Services, shall be adequate to
effectively perform the Services on the agreed upon schedule and shall devote 

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such time as is necessary to perform the Services on
such agreed upon schedule.

5.2.4.       MEDPACE further warrants that it shall perform
the Services in compliance with the terms of this Agreement, the terms of the
Task Orders, and all applicable laws and regulations including, without
limitation, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the regulations
promulgated pursuant thereto, and all future amendments during the term.  MEDPACE further warrants that it shall make
available to VIVUS, or to the responsible regulatory authority, relevant
records, programs and data as may reasonably be requested by VIVUS or which is
the subject of a Task Order.  VIVUS shall
have the right to monitor the operations of MEDPACE hereunder, and VIVUS
representatives shall have the right to visit any of the facilities where
MEDPACE is performing any of the Services and during such visits to inspect the
work being done and materials used, to observe the procedures being followed,
to examine the books, records and other data relevant to the Services.  If any regulatory agency requests to inspect
any books, records, data or facilities of MEDPACE relating to the Services, MEDPACE
shall immediately notify VIVUS.

5.2.5.       MEDPACE represents and warrants that there is no
litigation, regulatory investigation or proceeding, administrative hearing or
any other similar proceeding pending or to the best of its knowledge threatened
against MEDPACE which could adversely affect MEDPACE’s ability to perform the
Services or which alleges a violation by MEDPACE of any law or regulation
related to Services.

5.2.6.       Obligation of MEDPACE

MEDPACE shall immediately notify VIVUS in writing if
any of the representations or warranties contained in this Article 5 become
untrue.  MEDPACE shall correct or perform
again any portion of the Services that fails to conform to any warranty set
forth in this Article 5 without additional cost to VIVUS and within thirty (30)
days of receipt of notice from VIVUS.

5.3.          Representations
and Warranties of VIVUS

5.3.1        VIVUS
represents and warrants that it is a corporation with its principal office and place of business at 1172 Castro Street,
Mountain View, California 94040-2552, duly organized, validly existing
and in good standing in its place of organization, and is in good standing in
and duly qualified to do business.

5.3.2        VIVUS
warrants that the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and
each Task Order has been validly authorized by all corporate 

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action and this Agreement and each Task Order represents the valid
binding agreement of VIVUS enforceable in accordance with its terms.  The execution, delivery and performance of
this Agreement and each Task Order will not violate any organizational document
governing VIVUS, any agreement to which VIVUS is a party, or any law or court
or governmental order, holding or writ by which VIVUS is bound.

5.3.3        VIVUS
represents and warrants that there is no litigation, regulatory investigation
or proceeding, administrative hearing or any other similar proceeding pending
or to the best of its knowledge threatened against VIVUS which could adversely
affect VIVUS’s ability to perform under this Agreement or any Task Order or
which alleges a violation by VIVUS of any law or regulation related to the
subject matter of the Services rendered by MEDPACE hereunder.

5.3.4        Obligation
of VIVUS

VIVUS shall immediately notify MEDPACE in writing if any of the
representations or warranties contained in this Article 5 become untrue.

6.             TERMINATION

6.1           VIVUS may terminate
this Agreement without cause immediately upon giving MEDPACE notice of such
termination, provided such termination shall not in and of itself affect any
then uncompleted Task Order.

6.2           VIVUS may terminate any
Task Order without cause immediately upon giving MEDPACE notice of such
termination.  As soon as practicable,
after receipt of such notice, the Parties shall cooperate in good faith to
agree on a plan to expeditiously conclude activities with respect to such
matter.  MEDPACE shall transfer to VIVUS
all case report forms, study files, and other data and information in any and
all formats available, including electronic format and computer files and
programs, in MEDPACE’s possession.

6.3           MEDPACE may terminate a
Task Order only if VIVUS has defaulted on its obligations thereunder and has
not cured such default within 10 days after written notice if the default is
the failure to pay MEDPACE any amount due thereunder or within 30 days after
written notice in the event of any other default, upon giving VIVUS notice of
such termination; provided, however, that such amounts are not in dispute.  Should VIVUS dispute any amounts due, the
undisputed portion will be paid in accordance with Section 4.5, and VIVUS and
MEDPACE will work together in good faith to settle the disputed portion.  Upon resolution, any amounts then owing will
be paid within ten (10) days of reaching said resolution.  As soon as practicable, after receipt of such
notice, the Parties shall cooperate in good faith to agree on a plan to
expeditiously conclude activities with respect to such matter.  

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MEDPACE shall transfer to
VIVUS all case report forms, study files, and other data and information in any
and all formats available, including electronic format and computer files and
programs, in MEDPACE’s possession.

6.4           In the event of any
termination of a Task Order before completion, VIVUS agrees to pay MEDPACE for
all Services rendered pursuant to the unfinished Task Order prior to such
termination and any non-cancelable expenses incurred in connection with MEDPACE’s
performance of Services thereunder.  As
soon as reasonably practicable following receipt of a termination notice,
MEDPACE shall submit an itemized accounting of Services performed, expenses
incurred pursuant to performance of the Services, non-cancelable expenses
incurred by MEDPACE relating to any unfinished Task Order, and payments
received in order to determine a balance to be paid by either Party to the
other.  Such balance shall be paid within
30 days of receipt of such an itemized accounting by VIVUS.

7.             COMMUNICATIONS

7.1           Any notice required or permitted under this
Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed given if delivered personally,
mailed by prepaid, first class, certified mail, return receipt requested, or
sent by express courier service, to the Party to be notified at the addresses
set forth below (or such other address as shall be designated by written
notice); provided that all notices shall be effective upon receipt thereof:

If to MEDPACE:

Medpace, Inc.

4620 Wesley Avenue

Cincinnati, Ohio 45212

Attn:  August J. Troendle

Telephone:  (513) 579-9911 x2278

If to VIVUS:

VIVUS, Inc.

1172 Castro Street

Mountain View, CA  94040

Attn:  Legal Affairs

Telephone: 
(650) 934-5652

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8.             CONFIDENTIALITY

8.1.          VIVUS
may provide confidential information to MEDPACE during the course of this
Agreement.  All information by VIVUS or
its clients or data collected by MEDPACE for VIVUS during the course of
performance of the Services is deemed to be the confidential information of
VIVUS.  MEDPACE shall not disclose
confidential information to any third party, or use the confidential
information for any purpose other than for the benefit of VIVUS, without the
prior written consent of VIVUS.

8.1.1.       MEDPACE shall ensure by binding written
agreement that its employees, agents, and approved independent contractors
involved in the Services shall comply with the provisions of Article 8 of this
Agreement.  MEDPACE shall disclose only
confidential information to those of its employees, agents, and independent
contractors who reasonably need to know the confidential information.

8.1.2.       MEDPACE shall exercise due care, but no less
than a reasonable degree of care, to prevent the unauthorized disclosure and
use of confidential information associated with the Services.

8.2.          MEDPACE
Confidential Information.

VIVUS
shall hold confidential all non-public information and materials furnished to
it by MEDPACE pertaining to MEDPACE’s business practices or pertaining to
proprietary information of MEDPACE.

8.3.          This
confidentiality and nondisclosure provision shall not apply to:

Information
which was known by the Party before the date hereof or which is independently
discovered, after the date hereof, without the aid, application or use of the
confidential information, as evidenced by written records;

Information
which is in the public domain on the date hereof or subsequently becomes
publicly available through no fault or action of the other Party; or

Information,
which is disclosed to the Party by a third party authorized to disclose it.

8.3.1.       If the receiving Party is
requested to disclose the Confidential Information of the other Party or the
substance of this Agreement in connection with a legal or administrative
proceeding or otherwise to comply with a requirement under the law, the
receiving party will give the disclosing Party prompt notice of such request so
that the disclosing Party may seek an appropriate protective order or other
remedy, or waive compliance with the relevant provisions of this
Agreement.  The disclosing Party must
notify the receiving Party within 10 days that it intends to take action in
response to the request for disclosure. 
If the disclosing Party seeks a protective order or other remedy, the
receiving Party, at the disclosing Party’s expense, will 

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cooperate with and assist the disclosing Party in such
efforts.  Failure of the disclosing Party
to intervene shall not relieve the obligations to maintain confidentiality
except in so far as the receiving Party must comply with the terms of such
process compelling disclosure.

9.             RIGHTS IN PROPERTY

9.1.          All
materials, documents, data, software and information of every kind and
description supplied to MEDPACE by VIVUS or any of VIVUS’s clients, or
prepared, developed, or generated by MEDPACE pursuant to this Agreement,
(except for the pre-existing MEDPACE procedural manuals, personal data,
methods, procedures, and policies) are and shall be the sole and exclusive
property of VIVUS.  Further, all data and
information generated or derived by MEDPACE as the result of services performed
by it under this Agreement shall be and remain the exclusive property of VIVUS.  VIVUS shall have the right to make whatever use
they deem desirable of any such materials, documents, data or software.  MEDPACE shall not, without the prior written
consent of VIVUS, publish, disseminate, or otherwise disclose to any third
party any such property (except such disclosure as may be required by law), or
use any such property for any purpose other than the performance of this
Agreement.  Any inventions or other
intellectual property, including without limitation protectable copyrights and
trademarks, that may evolve from the data and information described above or as
the result of Services performed by MEDPACE under this Agreement shall belong
to VIVUS and MEDPACE agrees to assign its rights in all such inventions and/or
other intellectual property to VIVUS consistent with the obligations set forth
in Article 10 below.

9.2.          VIVUS
acknowledges that all computer programs, software, applications, databases,
proposals and other documentation generally used by MEDPACE and not directly
related to, derived from or developed solely for VIVUS are the exclusive and
confidential property of MEDPACE or the third parties from whom MEDPACE has
secured the right of use.  VIVUS agrees
that any improvement, alteration or enhancement to MEDPACE systems, software,
applications or processes which are developed or implemented during the course
of any Services performed hereunder, without the use of any VIVUS data,
information, materials or Confidential Information (or derivatives thereof),
shall be the property of MEDPACE.

10.          PATENT
RIGHTS

10.1.        MEDPACE shall disclose promptly to VIVUS any
and all inventions, discoveries and improvements conceived or made by MEDPACE
while providing such services to VIVUS pursuant to the Agreement and
constituting a modification or extension of use relating to VIVUS’s proprietary
rights, and 

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agrees
to assign all its interest therein to VIVUS or its nominee; whenever requested
to do so by VIVUS, MEDPACE shall execute any and all applications, assignments,
or other instruments and give testimony which VIVUS shall deem necessary to
apply for and obtain a patent in the United States of America and/or other
applicable jurisdiction or of any foreign country or to protect otherwise VIVUS’s
interests and shall compensate MEDPACE for the time devoted to said activities
and reimburse it for expenses incurred.

11.          PUBLICITY

11.1.        MEDPACE shall not make any public announcements
concerning this Agreement or the subject matter hereof without the prior
written consent of VIVUS.

11.2         VIVUS
may not use MEDPACE’s name, logo or trademark in any communication, release,
notice or other publication without the express prior written consent of
MEDPACE, except as required by SEC.

12.          SECURITY AND DISPOSITION
OF STUDY FILES

12.1.        MEDPACE shall use commercially reasonable
efforts, including, but not limited to, periodic backup of computer files, to
prevent the loss or alteration of VIVUS’s study data, Confidential Information,
documentation, and correspondence. 
MEDPACE shall in all respects comply with any Food and Drug
Administration regulations concerning the maintenance, creation and storage of
records, including electronic records.

12.2.        At appropriate time points or at completion of
Services under a Task Order, MEDPACE shall transfer study materials, documents
and correspondence to VIVUS.  MEDPACE
shall have the right to retain one copy of any study materials, documentation,
and correspondence necessary solely to meet regulatory or MEDPACE’s own
internal audit requirements, so long as it continues to maintain the
Confidentiality requirements of Article 8.

13.          VIVUS OBLIGATIONS

13.1.        VIVUS acknowledges that performance of the
Services by MEDPACE will require the co-operative involvement of both Parties,
and VIVUS hereby agrees to provide such assistance as may be reasonably
necessary to enable MEDPACE to perform the Services.

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14.          INDEMNIFICATION

14.1         Indemnification by VIVUS

VIVUS
agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless MEDPACE, and each officer, agent,
employee and contractor of Medpace (Medpace and each such party, a “MEDPACE
Indemnitee”) from any and all liability, loss, expenses (including reasonable
attorneys’ fees) or damage such MEDPACE Indemnitee may suffer (“Damages”) as
the result of any claim, demand, cost or judgment against them arising out of
the Services to be performed pursuant to each Task Order which arise, or are
alleged to arise, except as follows:

(i)            A
Medpace Indemnitee shall not be entitled to indemnification hereunder to the
extent such Damages are the result of the negligence or willful misconduct of
such MEDPACE Indemnitee (provided all Medpace Indemnitees who are not negligent
or guilty of willful misconduct causing such Damages shall still be entitled to
the indemnification hereunder notwithstanding the negligence or willful
misconduct of such other Medpace Indemnitee); or

(ii)           A Medpace
Indemnitee shall not be entitled to indemnification hereunder to the extent
such Damages are the result of a breach of any applicable federal, state or
local law or a material breach of this Agreement or any Task Order by such
MEDPACE Indemnitee (provided all Medpace Indemnitees not in such breach causing
such Damages shall still be entitled to the indemnification hereunder
notwithstanding the breach of such other Medpace Indemnitee).

14.2         Indemnification by
MEDPACE

MEDPACE
agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless VIVUS, its affiliates, and their
respective officers, agents and employees, from any and all liability, loss
(including reasonable attorneys’ fees) or damage any such party may suffer as
the result of claims, demands, costs or judgments against them arising out of
the Services to be performed pursuant to each Task Order which arise, or are
alleged to, arise out of:

(i)            The
negligence or willful misconduct of MEDPACE; or

(ii)           A
breach of any applicable federal, state or local law or a material breach of
this Agreement or any Task Order by MEDPACE.

15.          LIMITATION
OF LIABILITY

15.1.        Notwithstanding the terms of Article 14 above,
in no event shall VIVUS or MEDPACE be liable for any indirect, incidental,
special, or consequential damages or lost profits arising out of the provision
of services hereunder, even if the breaching party has been advised of the
possibility of such damages 

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unless the breaching party acted with willful
misconduct in its performance of services hereunder.

16.          INSPECTIONS AND AUDITS

16.1.        VIVUS shall have the right, upon at least ten
(10) days’ prior written notice to MEDPACE, to examine the standard operating
procedures, facilities, books, records, papers, files and documentation,
including computer files, data bases and records, at MEDPACE’s facilities and
the facilities of clinical investigators contracted by MEDPACE to determine the
adequacy of such records, to ensure the Services are being performed in
accordance with the approved Task Orders and applicable regulations and/or to
examine the financial records of MEDPACE as may be reasonably necessary to
verify out-of-pocket expenses incurred during the performance of the
Services.  Such inspections and audits
shall be conducted during normal business hours.

16.2.        MEDPACE shall provide reasonable assistance,
including making available members of its staff and providing access to all
requested records, to facilitate such inspections and audits.

16.3.        MEDPACE shall take all reasonable steps
required by VIVUS to cure any deficiencies found in any audit, inspection or
investigation.

17.          DEBARMENT

17.1.        MEDPACE hereby represents, warrants, and
certifies that neither it nor any of its officers, directors, owners,
principals or employees has been or will be at any relevant time hereunder
debarred under Section 306 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21
U.S.C. §335a(a) or (b), or similar local law. 
In the event that any such party becomes debarred, MEDPACE shall notify
VIVUS in writing immediately.

17.2.        MEDPACE hereby represents, warrants, and
certifies that it has not and shall not use in any capacity the services of any
individual, corporation, partnership, or association which has been debarred
under Section 306 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. §335a(a) or (b), or similar local law.  In the event MEDPACE becomes aware of or
receives notice of the debarment of any individual, corporation, partnership,
or association providing services to MEDPACE, which relate to the Services
being provided under this Agreement, MEDPACE shall notify VIVUS in writing
immediately.

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18.          NON SOLICITATION

Neither Party and its affiliates shall during the term
of this Agreement and for a period of twelve months following its termination,
either directly or indirectly, hire any employee of the other Party with whom
its comes into contact as a result of providing the Services, or recruit,
solicit, or entice any such person to become employed by it or any affiliate
and shall not approach any such employee for such purpose or encourage,
authorize or approve the taking of such action by any other person.  The Parties agree that any breach of this
provision would cause irreparable harm and that in addition to any and all
other available remedies injunctive relief, without the necessity of a bond or
other security, shall be appropriate and available.

19.          ENTIRE AGREEMENT

This Agreement contains the full understanding of the
Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all existing
agreements and all other oral, written or other communications between the
Parties concerning the subject matter hereof. 
This Agreement shall not be amended, modified or supplemented in any way
except in writing and signed by a duly authorized representative of VIVUS and
MEDPACE.

20.          GOVERNING LAW

 This Agreement shall be governed by the laws
of the State of California, without reference to conflicts of laws
principles.  In the event of breach or
threatened breach, in addition to other remedies that may be available, Company
shall have the right to seek specific performance and other injunctive and
equitable relief, without the obligation to post bond or a security interest.

21.          NO WAIVER

No waiver of any term, provision, or condition of this
Agreement whether by conduct or otherwise in any one or more instances shall be
deemed to be or construed as a further or continuing waiver of any such term,
provisions, or conditions, or of any other term, provision, or condition of
this Agreement.

22.          INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR

In fulfilling its obligations pursuant to this
Agreement, each Party shall be acting as an independent contractor.  Neither Party is granted any right or
authority to assume or to create any obligation or responsibility, expressed or
implied, on behalf of or in the name of the other Party.

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23.          FORCE MAJEURE

Neither Party shall be liable or deemed to be in
default for any delay due to causes beyond the reasonable control of the Party,
such as: war, acts or threats of terrorism, civil disorders, acts of God, or
government action; provided, that the affected Party promptly notifies the
other of the cause and its effects on the Services to be performed
hereunder.  Financial difficulty shall
never be deemed a force majeure event.

24.          SEVERABILITY

In the event any provision of this Agreement shall be
determined to be void or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall remain
in full force and effect.

25.          ASSIGNMENT

25.1         Except
as set forth herein, neither Party shall assign this Agreement or any Task
Order except with the express prior written consent of the other Party.

25.2         Notwithstanding anything
contained herein: (i) a Party may assign this

Agreement and/or any Task Order to any Affiliate, provided that the
assigning Party remains fully liable for all liabilities and obligations under
this Agreement and any such Task Order; and, (ii) a Party may assign this
Agreement and/or any Task Order to a Successor.

25.3         As used herein, “Affiliate means in relation to a
Party, any entity controlling such Party, controlled by such Party, or under
common control with such Party; and “Successor” means any entity which acquires
all or substantially all assets of a Party, or all or substantially all of the
assets pertaining to the subject matter of this Agreement, or any entity into
which a Party is merged.

26.          SUBCONTRACTING

MEDPACE may subcontract any portion of the Services to
any of its Affiliates hereunder without the prior written consent of VIVUS,
provided MEDPACE remains liable for the performance of any such Subcontractor.

27.          CONFLICTS BETWEEN
AGREEMENTS

In the event that there is any conflict between the
provisions of this Agreement and any duly executed Task Order, the duly
executed Task Order (but not any attachment there to) shall control.

 14
 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the
Parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first set forth above.

	
  MEDPACE, INC.

  
	
   

  
	
  Signature:

  	
  /s/ August Troendle

  	
   

  
	
   

  
	
  By:

  	
     August
  Troendle

  	
   

  
	
   

  	
  (Print Name)

  	
   

  
	
   

  
	
  Title: 

  	
  President

  	
   

  
	
   

  
	
  Date: 

  	
  9/12/07

  	
   

  
	
   

  
	
   

  
	
  VIVUS

  
	
   

  
	
  Signature:

  	
  /s/ Wesley W. Day

  	
   

  
	
   

  
	
  By:

  	
  Wesley W. Day

  	
   

  
	
  (Print Name)

  
	
   

  
	
  Title: 

  	
  V.P., Clinical Development

  	
   

  
	
   

  
	
  Date: 

  	
  9/7/07

  	
   

  
										

 

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EXHIBIT
A

FORM
OF TASK ORDER

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on this page has been omitted and filed separately with the Commission.  Confidential treatment has been requested
with respect to the omitted portions.

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EXHIBIT
A

[***]

MEDPACE
Task Order Number: 01

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***
Certain information on this page has been omitted and filed separately with the
Commission.  Confidential treatment has
been requested with respect to the omitted portions.

EXHIBIT
A

[***]

MEDPACE
Task Order Number: 02

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***
Certain information on this page has been omitted and filed separately with the
Commission.  Confidential treatment has
been requested with respect to the omitted portions.

EXHIBIT
A

[***]

MEDPACE
Task Order Number: 03

[***]

***
Certain information on this page has been omitted and filed separately with the
Commission.  Confidential treatment has
been requested with respect to the omitted portions.

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