Document:

Exhibit 4-f

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                                 MORGAN STANLEY

                                       AND

                          JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, Trustee

                                Senior Indenture

                          Dated as of November 1, 2004

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                            CROSS REFERENCE SHEET(1)

                                   ----------

Provisions of Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture to be dated as of
November 1, 2004, between MORGAN STANLEY and JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, Trustee:

Section of the Act                 Section of Indenture
310(a)(1) and (2).............................6.09
310(a)(3) and (4).............................Inapplicable
310(b)........................................6.08 and 6.10(a), (b) and (d)
310(c)........................................Inapplicable
311(a)........................................Inapplicable
311(b)........................................Inapplicable
311(c)........................................Inapplicable
312(a)........................................4.01
312(b)........................................Inapplicable
312(c)........................................Inapplicable
313(a)........................................
313(b)(1).....................................Inapplicable
313(b)(2).....................................Inapplicable
313(c)........................................4.04
313(d)........................................4.03
314(a)........................................4.03
314(b)........................................Inapplicable
314(c)(1) and (2).............................11.05
314(c)(3).....................................Inapplicable
314(d)........................................Inapplicable
314(e)........................................11.05
314(f)........................................Inapplicable
315(a), (c) and (d)...........................6.01
315(b)........................................5.11
315(e)........................................5.12
316(a)(1).....................................5.09
316(a)(2).....................................Inapplicable
316(a) (last sentence)........................7.04
316(b)........................................5.07
317(a)........................................5.02
317(b)........................................3.04(a) and (b)
318(a)........................................11.07

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(1)  This Cross Reference Sheet is not part of the Indenture.

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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                -----------------

                                                                            PAGE
                                                                            ----

                                    ARTICLE 1
                                   DEFINITIONS

Section 1.01. Certain Terms Defined ...........................................1

                                    ARTICLE 2
                                   SECURITIES

Section 2.01. Forms Generally .................................................6
Section 2.02. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication .................7
Section 2.03. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series ............................8
Section 2.04. Authentication and Delivery of Securities ......................10
Section 2.05. Execution of Securities ........................................14
Section 2.06. Certificate of Authentication ..................................14
Section 2.07. Denomination and Date of Securities; Payments of Interest ......14
Section 2.08. Registration, Transfer and Exchange ............................15
Section 2.09. Mutilated, Defaced, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities ......19
Section 2.10. Cancellation of Securities; Disposition Thereof ................20
Section 2.11. Temporary Securities ...........................................20

                                    ARTICLE 3
                             COVENANTS OF THE ISSUER

Section 3.01. Payment of Principal and Interest ..............................21
Section 3.02. Offices for Payments, etc ......................................22
Section 3.03. Appointment to Fill a Vacancy in Office of Trustee .............23
Section 3.04. Paying Agents ..................................................23
Section 3.05. Written Statement to Trustee ...................................24
Section 3.06. Negative Pledge ................................................25
Section 3.07. Luxembourg Publications ........................................25

                                    ARTICLE 4
                        SECURITYHOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS
                          BY THE ISSUER AND THE TRUSTEE

Section 4.01. Issuer to Furnish Trustee Information as to Names and
     Addresses of Securityholders ............................................26
Section 4.02. Preservation and Disclosure of Securityholders Lists ...........26
Section 4.03. Reports by the Issuer ..........................................26

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Section 4.04. Reports by the Trustee .........................................26

                                    ARTICLE 5
                           REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND
                       SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT

Section 5.01. Event of Default Defined; Acceleration of Maturity; Waiver of
     Default .................................................................27
Section 5.02. Collection of Indebtedness by Trustee; Trustee May Prove
         Debt ................................................................29
Section 5.03. Application of Proceeds ........................................32
Section 5.04. Suits for Enforcement ..........................................33
Section 5.05. Restoration of Rights on Abandonment of Proceedings ............33
Section 5.06. Limitations on Suits by Securityholders ........................33
Section 5.07. Unconditional Right of Securityholders to Institute Certain
        Suits ................................................................34
Section 5.08. Powers and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not
     Waiver of Default .......................................................34
Section 5.09. Control by Holders of Securities ...............................34
Section 5.10. Waiver of Past Defaults ........................................35
Section 5.11. Trustee to Give Notice of Default; But May Withhold in
     Certain Circumstances ...................................................35
Section 5.12. Right of Court to Require Filing of Undertaking to Pay Costs ...36

                                    ARTICLE 6
                             CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

Section 6.01. Duties and Responsibilities of the Trustee; During Default;
     Prior to Default ........................................................37
Section 6.02. Certain Rights of the Trustee ..................................38
Section 6.03. Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals, Disposition of Securities
     or Application of Proceeds Thereof ......................................39
Section 6.04. Trustee and Agents May Hold Securities or Coupons;
     Collections, etc ........................................................39
Section 6.05. Moneys Held by Trustee .........................................39
Section 6.06. Compensation and Indemnification of Trustee and Its Prior
        Claim ................................................................40
Section 6.07. Right of Trustee to Rely on Officer's Certificate, etc .........40
Section 6.08. Indentures Not Creating Potential Conflicting Interests for the
     Trustee .................................................................41
Section 6.09. Persons Eligible for Appointment as Trustee ....................41
Section 6.10. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor Trustee ......41
Section 6.11. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor Trustee .................43
Section 6.12. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business
     of Trustee ..............................................................45

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Section 6.13. Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Issuer ...........45
Section 6.14. Appointment of Authenticating Agent ............................45

                                    ARTICLE 7
                         CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS

Section 7.01. Evidence of Action Taken by Securityholders ....................46
Section 7.02. Proof of Execution of Instruments and of Holding of
        Securities ...........................................................47
Section 7.03. Holders to Be Treated as Owners ................................48
Section 7.04. Securities Owned by Issuer Deemed Not Outstanding ..............48
Section 7.05. Right of Revocation of Action Taken ............................49

                                    ARTICLE 8
                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

Section 8.01. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Securityholders .....49
Section 8.02. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Securityholders ........51
Section 8.03. Effect of Supplemental Indenture ...............................52
Section 8.04. Documents to Be Given to Trustee ...............................53
Section 8.05. Notation on Securities in Respect of Supplemental Indentures ...53

                                    ARTICLE 9
                    CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE OR CONVEYANCE

Section 9.01. Covenant Not to Merge, Consolidate, Sell or Convey Property
        Except Under Certain Conditions ......................................53
Section 9.02. Successor Corporation Substituted ..............................54
Section 9.03. Opinion of Counsel Delivered to Trustee ........................54

                                   ARTICLE 10
            SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE; UNCLAIMED MONEYS

Section 10.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture .......................54
Section 10.02. Application by Trustee of Funds Deposited for Payment of
        Securities ...........................................................59
Section 10.03. Repayment of Moneys Held by Paying Agent ......................59
Section 10.04. Return of Moneys Held by Trustee and Paying Agent
        Unclaimed for Two Years ..............................................59
Section 10.05. Indemnity for U.S. Government Obligations .....................60

                                   ARTICLE 11
                            MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 11.01. Incorporators, Stockholders, Officers and Directors of Issuer
        Exempt from Individual Liability .....................................60

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Section 11.02. Provisions of Indenture for the Sole Benefit of Parties and
        Holders of Securities and Coupons ....................................60
Section 11.03. Successors and Assigns of Issuer Bound by Indenture ...........61
Section 11.04. Notices and Demands on Issuer, Trustee and Holders of
        Securities and Coupons ...............................................61
Section 11.05. Officer's Certificates and Opinions of Counsel; Statements to
        Be Contained Therein .................................................61
Section 11.06. Payments Due on Saturdays, Sundays or Holidays ................63
Section 11.07. Conflict of Any Provision of Indenture with Trust Indenture
        Act of 1939 ..........................................................62
Section 11.08. New York Law to Govern ........................................63
Section 11.09. Counterparts ..................................................63
Section 11.10. Effect of Headings ............................................63
Section 11.11. Securities in a Foreign Currency ..............................63
Section 11.12. Judgment Currency .............................................64

                                   ARTICLE 12
                   REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUNDS

Section 12.01.Applicability of Article .......................................64
Section 12.02.Notice of Redemption; Partial Redemptions ......................65
Section 12.03.Payment of Securities Called for Redemption ....................67
Section 12.04.Exclusion of Certain Securities from Eligibility for Selection
        for Redemption .......................................................68
Section 12.05.Mandatory and Optional Sinking Funds ...........................68

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         THIS SENIOR INDENTURE, dated as of November 1, 2004 between MORGAN
STANLEY, a Delaware corporation (the "Issuer"), and JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, as
trustee (the "Trustee"),

                              W I T N E S S E T H :

         WHEREAS, the Issuer has duly authorized the issue from time to time of
its unsecured debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness to be issued
in one or more series (the "Securities") up to such principal amount or amounts
as may from time to time be authorized in accordance with the terms of this
Indenture;

         WHEREAS, the Issuer has duly authorized the execution and delivery of
this Indenture to provide, among other things, for the authentication, delivery
and administration of the Securities; and

         WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid indenture
and agreement according to its terms have been done;

         NOW, THEREFORE: In consideration of the premises and the purchases of
the Securities by the holders thereof, the Issuer and the Trustee mutually
covenant and agree for the equal and proportionate benefit of the respective
holders from time to time of the Securities and of the coupons, if any,
appertaining thereto as follows:

                                    ARTICLE 1
                                   DEFINITIONS

         Section 1.01. Certain Terms Defined. The following terms (except as
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise clearly requires)
for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto
shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section. All other terms
used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 or
the definitions of which in the Securities Act of 1933 are referred to in the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939, including terms defined therein by reference to the
Securities Act of 1933 (except as herein otherwise expressly provided or unless
the context otherwise requires), shall have the meanings assigned to such terms
in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the dateof
this Indenture. All accounting terms used herein and not expressly defined shall
have the meanings assigned to such terms in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and the term "generally accepted accounting principles"
means such accounting principles as are generally accepted at the time of any
computation. The words "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of
similar

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import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article,
Section or other subdivision. The terms defined in this Article have the
meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the
singular.

         "Authenticating Agent" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
6.14.

         "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper (which, in the case of The
City of New York, will, if practicable, be The Wall Street Journal (Eastern
Edition), in the case of the United Kingdom, will, if practicable, be the
Financial Times (London Edition) and, in the case of Luxembourg, will, if
practicable, be the Luxemburger Wort) published in an official language of the
country of publication customarily published at least once a day for at least
five days in each calendar week and of general circulation in The City of New
York, the United Kingdom or in Luxembourg, as applicable. If it shall be
impractical in the opinion of the Trustee to make any publication of any notice
required hereby in an Authorized Newspaper, any publication or other notice in
lieu thereof which is made or given with the approval of the Trustee shall
constitute a sufficient publication of such notice.

         "Board of Directors" means either the Board of Directors of the Issuer
or any committee of such Board duly authorized to act on its behalf.

         "Board Resolution" means a copy of one or more resolutions, certified
by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Issuer to have been duly
adopted or consented to by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and
effect, and delivered to the Trustee.

         "Business Day" means, with respect to any Security, unless otherwise
specified pursuant to Section 2.03, a day that in the city (or in any of the
cities, if more than one) in which amounts are payable, as specified in the form
of such Security, is not a day on which banking institutions are authorized or
required by law or regulation to close.

         "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time
to time constituted, created under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or if at
any time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture such Commission is
not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust
Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties on such date.

         "Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Trustee at which the
corporate trust business of the Trustee shall, at any particular time, be
principally administered, which office is, at the date as of which this
Indenture is dated, located in the borough of Manhattan, The City of New York.

         "Coupon" means any interest coupon appertaining to a Security.

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         "covenant defeasance" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
10.01(c).

         "Depositary" means, with respect to the Securities of any series
issuable or issued in the form of one or more Registered Global Securities, the
Person designated as Depositary by the Issuer pursuant to Section 2.03 until a
successor Depositary shall have become such pursuant to the applicable
provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Depositary" shall mean or include
each Person who is then a Depositary hereunder, and if at any time there is more
than one such Person, "Depositary" as used with respect to the Securities of any
such series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Registered Global
Securities of that series.

         "Dollar" means the coin or currency of the United States of America as
at the time of payment is legal tender for the payment of public and private
debts.

         "Event of Default" means any event or condition specified as such in
Section 5.01.

         "Foreign Currency" means a currency issued by the government of a
country other than the United States (or any currency unit comprised of any such
currencies).

         "Holder", "Holder of Securities", "Securityholder" or other similar
terms mean (a) in the case of any Registered Security, the Person in whose name
such Security is registered in the security register kept by the Issuer for that
purpose in accordance with the terms hereof, and (b) in the case of any
Unregistered Security, the bearer of such Security, or any Coupon appertaining
thereto, as the case may be.

         "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed and delivered
or, if amended or supplemented as herein provided, as so amended or supplemented
or both, and shall include the forms and terms of particular series of
Securities established as contemplated hereunder.

         "Interest" means, when used with respect to non-interest bearing
Securities, interest payable after maturity.

         "Issuer" means (except as otherwise provided in Article Six) Morgan
Stanley, a Delaware corporation and, subject to Article Nine, its successors and
assigns.

         "Issuer Order" means a written statement, request or order of the
Issuer signed in its name by any one of the following: the Chairman of the
Board, the President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Strategic and
Administrative Officer, the Chief Legal Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant
Treasurer or any

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other person authorized by the Board of Directors to execute any such written
statement, request or order.

         "Judgment Currency" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11.12.

         "Officer's Certificate" means a certificate (i) signed by any one of
the following: the Chairman of the Board, the President, the Chief Financial
Officer, the Chief Strategic and Administrative Officer, the Chief Legal
Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer or any other person authorized
by the Board of Directors to execute any such certificate and (ii) delivered to
the Trustee. Each such certificate shall comply with Section 314 of the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939 and include the statements provided for in Section 11.05.

         "Opinion of Counsel" means an opinion in writing signed by the Chief
Legal Officer of the Issuer or by such other legal counsel who may be an
employee of or counsel to the Issuer and who shall be satisfactory to the
Trustee. Each such opinion shall comply with Section 314 of the Trust Indenture
Act of 1939 and include the statements provided for in Section 11.05.

         "original issue date" of any Security (or portion thereof) means the
earlier of (a) the date of such Security or (b) the date of any Security (or
portion thereof) for which such Security was issued (directly or indirectly) on
registration of transfer, exchange or substitution.

         "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security that provides for
an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.01.

         "Outstanding" when used with reference to Securities, shall, subject to
the provisions of Section 7.04, mean, as of any particular time, all Securities
authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except

         (a) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation;

         (b) Securities, or portions thereof, for the payment or redemption of
which moneys or U.S. Government Obligations (as provided for in Section 10.01)
in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or
with any paying agent (other than the Issuer) or shall have been set aside,
segregated and held in trust by the Issuer for the Holders of such Securities
(if the Issuer shall act as its own paying agent), provided that if such
Securities, or portions thereof, are to be redeemed prior to the maturity
thereof, notice of such redemption shall have been given as herein provided, or
provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such
notice; and

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         (c) Securities which shall have been paid or in substitution for which
other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the
terms of Section 2.09 (except with respect to any such Security as to which
proof satisfactory to the Trustee is presented that such Security is held by a
person in whose hands such Security is a legal, valid and binding obligation of
the Issuer).

         In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of
Outstanding Securities of any or all series have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal
amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed to be
Outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that
would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration
of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.01.

         "Periodic Offering" means an offering of Securities of a series from
time to time, the specific terms of which Securities, including, without
limitation, the rate or rates of interest, if any, thereon, the stated maturity
or maturities thereof and the redemption provisions, if any, with respect
thereto, are to be determined by the Issuer or its agents upon the issuance of
such Securities.

         "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture,
association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

         "principal" whenever used with reference to the Securities or any
Security or any portion thereof, shall be deemed to include "and premium, if
any".

         "record date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.07.

         "Redemption Notice Period" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
12.02.

         "Registered Global Security", means a Security evidencing all or a part
of a series of Registered Securities, issued to the Depositary for such series
in accordance with Section 2.04, and bearing the legend prescribed in Section
2.04.

         "Registered Security" means any Security registered on the Security
register of the Issuer.

         "Required Currency" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11.12.

         "Responsible Officer" when used with respect to the Trustee means the
chairman of the Board of Directors, any vice chairman of the board of directors,
the chairman of the trust committee, the chairman of the executive committee,
any vice chairman of the executive committee, the president, any vice president,

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(whether or not designated by numbers or words added before or after the title
"vice president") the cashier, the secretary, the treasurer, any trust officer,
any assistant trust officer, any assistant vice president, any assistant
cashier, any assistant secretary, any assistant treasurer, or any other officer
or assistant officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to
those performed by the persons who at the time shall be such officers,
respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his
knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

         "Security" or "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital
of this Indenture, or, as the case may be, Securities that have been
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

         "Subsidiary" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.06.

         "Trust Indenture Act of 1939" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.

         "Trustee" means the Person identified as "Trustee" in the first
paragraph hereof and, subject to the provisions of Article 6, shall also include
any successor trustee. "Trustee" shall also mean or include each Person who is
then a trustee hereunder and if at any time there is more than one such Person,
"Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the
trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

         "Unregistered Security" means any Security other than a Registered
Security.

         "U.S. Government Obligations" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 10.01(a).

         "Voting Securities" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.06.

         "Yield to Maturity" means the yield to maturity on a series of
securities, calculated at the time of issuance of such series, or, if
applicable, at the most recent redetermination of interest on such series, and
calculated in accordance with accepted financial practice.

                                   ARTICLE 2
                                   SECURITIES

         Section 2.01. Forms Generally. The Securities of each series and the
Coupons, if any, to be attached thereto shall be substantially in such form (not
inconsistent with this Indenture) as shall be established by or pursuant to one
or more Board Resolutions (as set forth in a Board Resolution or, to the extent

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established pursuant to rather than set forth in a Board Resolution, an
Officer's Certificate detailing such establishment) or in one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions,
substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this
Indenture and may have imprinted or otherwise reproduced thereon such legend or
legends or endorsements, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture,
as may be required to comply with any law or with any rules or regulations
pursuant thereto, or with any rules of any securities exchange or to conform to
general usage, all as may be determined by the officers executing such
Securities and Coupons, if any, as evidenced by their execution of such
Securities and Coupons.

         The definitive Securities and Coupons, if any, shall be printed,
lithographed or engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any
other manner, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities and
Coupons, if any, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities and Coupons,
if any.

         Section 2.02. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication. The
Trustee's certificate of authentication on all Securities shall be in
substantially the following form:

         "This is one of the Securities referred to in the within-mentioned
Senior Indenture.

                                             -----------------------------------
                                                 as Trustee

                                             By:
                                                 -------------------------------
                                                  Authorized Officer

         If at any time there shall be an Authenticating Agent appointed with
respect to any series of Securities, then the Trustee's Certificate of
Authentication to be borne by the Securities of each such series shall be
substantially as follows:

                "This is one of the Securities referred to in the
                within-mentioned Senior Indenture.

                                             -----------------------------------
                                                  as Authenticating Agent

                                             By:
                                                 -------------------------------
                                                  Authorized Officer

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         Section 2.03. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series. The aggregate
principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture is unlimited.

         The Securities may be issued in one or more series and each such series
shall rank equally and pari passu with all other unsecured and unsubordinated
debt of the Issuer. There shall be established in or pursuant to one or more
Board Resolutions (and to the extent established pursuant to rather than set
forth in a Board Resolution, in an Officer's Certificate detailing such
establishment) or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto,
prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series,

         (a) the designation of the Securities of the series, which shall
distinguish the Securities of the series from the Securities of all other
series;

         (b) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except
for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or
in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to
Section 2.08, 2.09, 2.11, 8.05 or 12.03);

         (c) if other than Dollars, the coin or currency in which the Securities
of that series are denominated (including, but not limited to, any Foreign
Currency);

         (d) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the
series is payable;

         (e) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear
interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, on
which such interest shall be payable and (in the case of Registered Securities)
on which a record shall be taken for the determination of Holders to whom
interest is payable and/or the method by which such rate or rates or date or
dates shall be determined;

         (f) the place or places where the principal of and any interest on
Securities of the series shall be payable (if other than as provided in Section
3.02);

         (g) the right, if any, of the Issuer to redeem Securities, in whole or
in part, at its option and the period or periods within which, the price or
prices at which and any terms and conditions, including the Redemption Notice
Period, upon which Securities of the series may be so redeemed, pursuant to any
sinking fund or otherwise;

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<PAGE>

         (h) the obligation, if any, of the Issuer to redeem, purchase or repay
Securities of the series pursuant to any mandatory redemption, sinking fund or
analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the price or
prices at which and the period or periods within which and any terms and
conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, purchased or
repaid, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

         (i) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple
thereof in the case of Registered Securities, or $1,000 and $5,000 in the case
of Unregistered Securities, the denominations in which Securities of the series
shall be issuable;

         (j) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the
principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof;

         (k) if other than the coin or currency in which the Securities of that
series are denominated, the coin or currency in which payment of the principal
of or interest on the Securities of such series shall be payable;

         (l) if the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series
are to be payable, at the election of the Issuer or a Holder thereof, in a coin
or currency other than that in which the Securities are denominated, the period
or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, such election
may be made;

         (m) if the amount of payments of principal of and interest on the
Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index based on a
coin or currency other than that in which the Securities of the series are
denominated, or with reference to any currencies, securities or baskets of
securities, commodities or indices, the manner in which such amounts shall be
determined;

         (n) if the Holders of the Securities of the series may convert or
exchange the Securities of the series into or for securities of the Issuer or of
other entities or other property (or the cash value thereof), the specific terms
of and period during which such conversion or exchange may be made;

         (o) whether the Securities of the series will be issuable as Registered
Securities (and if so, whether such Securities will be issuable as Registered
Global Securities) or Unregistered Securities (with or without Coupons), or any
combination of the foregoing, any restrictions applicable to the offer, sale,
transfer, exchange or delivery of Unregistered Securities or Registered
Securities or the payment of interest thereon and, if other than as provided in
Section 2.08,

                                       9
<PAGE>

the terms upon which Unregistered Securities of any series may be exchanged for
Registered Securities of such series and vice versa;

         (p) whether and under what circumstances the Issuer will pay additional
amounts on the Securities of the series held by a Person who is not a U.S.
Person in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge withheld or
deducted and, if so, whether the Issuer will have the option to redeem such
Securities rather than pay such additional amounts;

         (q) if the Securities of such series are to be issuable in definitive
form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary Security of
such series) only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or
satisfaction of other conditions, the form and terms of such certificates,
documents or conditions;

         (r) any trustees, depositaries, authenticating or paying agents,
transfer agents or registrars or any other agents with respect to the Securities
of such series;

         (s) any other events of default or covenants with respect to the
Securities of such series; and

         (t) any other terms of the series.

         All Securities of any one series and Coupons, if any, appertaining
thereto, shall be substantially identical, except in the case of Registered
Securities as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided by or
pursuant to the Board Resolution or Officer's Certificate referred to above or
as set forth in any such indenture supplemental hereto. All Securities of any
one series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to
time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant
to such Board Resolution, such Officer's Certificate or in any such indenture
supplemental hereto.

         Notwithstanding Section 2.03(b) hereof and unless otherwise expressly
provided with respect to a series of Securities, the aggregate principal amount
of a series of Securities may be increased and additional Securities of such
series may be issued up to a maximum aggregate principal amount authorized with
respect to such series as increased.

         Section 2.04. Authentication and Delivery of Securities. (a) The Issuer
may deliver Securities of any series having attached thereto appropriate
Coupons, if any, executed by the Issuer to the Trustee for authentication
together with the applicable documents referred to below in this Section, and
the Trustee shall thereupon authenticate and deliver such Securities to or upon
the order of the Issuer (contained in the Issuer Order referred to below in this
Section) or pursuant

                                       10
<PAGE>

to such procedures acceptable to the Trustee and to such recipients as may be
specified from time to time by an Issuer Order. The maturity date, original
issue date, interest rate and any other terms of the Securities of such series
and Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto (including Redemption Notice Periods)
shall be determined by or pursuant to such Issuer Order and procedures. If
provided for in such procedures, such Issuer Order may authorize authentication
and delivery pursuant to oral instructions from the Issuer or its duly
authorized agent, which instructions shall be promptly confirmed in writing. In
authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be
entitled to receive (in the case of subparagraphs 2.04(a)(ii), 2.04(a)(iii) and
2.04(a)(iv) below only at or before the time of the first request of the Issuer
to the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series) and (subject to
Section 6.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, unless and until such
documents have been superceded or revoked:

                  (i) an Issuer Order requesting such authentication and setting
         forth delivery instructions if the Securities and Coupons, if any, are
         not to be delivered to the Issuer, provided that, with respect to
         Securities of a series subject to a Periodic Offering, (a) such Issuer
         Order may be delivered by the Issuer to the Trustee prior to the
         delivery to the Trustee of such Securities for authentication and
         delivery, (b) the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver Securities of
         such series for original issue from time to time, in an aggregate
         principal amount not exceeding the aggregate principal amount
         established for such series, pursuant to an Issuer Order or pursuant to
         procedures acceptable to the Trustee as may be specified from time to
         time by an Issuer Order, (c) the maturity date or dates, original issue
         date or dates, interest rate or rates and any other terms of Securities
         of such series (including Redemption Notice Periods) shall be
         determined by an Issuer Order or pursuant to such procedures and (d) if
         provided for in such procedures, such Issuer Order may authorize
         authentication and delivery pursuant to oral or electronic instructions
         from the Issuer or its duly authorized agent or agents, which oral
         instructions shall be promptly confirmed in writing;

                  (ii) any Board Resolution, Officer's Certificate and/or
         executed supplemental indenture referred to in Sections 2.01 and 2.03
         by or pursuant to which the forms and terms of the Securities and
         Coupons, if any, were established;

                  (iii) an Officer's Certificate setting forth the form or forms
         and terms of the Securities and Coupons, if any, stating that the form
         or forms and terms of the Securities and Coupons, if any, have been
         established pursuant to Sections 2.01 and 2.03 and comply with this
         Indenture, and covering such other matters as the Trustee may
         reasonably request; and

                                       11
<PAGE>

                  (iv) at the option of the Issuer, either an Opinion of
         Counsel, or a letter addressed to the Trustee permitting it to rely on
         an Opinion of Counsel, substantially to the effect that:

                           (A) the forms of the Securities and Coupons, if any,
                  have been duly authorized and established in conformity with
                  the provisions of this Indenture;

                           (B) in the case of an underwritten offering, the
                  terms of the Securities have been duly authorized and
                  established in conformity with the provisions of this
                  Indenture, and, in the case of an offering that is not
                  underwritten, certain terms of the Securities have been
                  established pursuant to a Board Resolution, an Officer's
                  Certificate or a supplemental indenture in accordance with
                  this Indenture, and when such other terms as are to be
                  established pursuant to procedures set forth in an Issuer
                  Order shall have been established, all such terms will have
                  been duly authorized by the Issuer and will have been
                  established in conformity with the provisions of this
                  Indenture;

                           (C) when the Securities and Coupons, if any, have
                  been executed by the Issuer and authenticated by the Trustee
                  in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture and
                  delivered to and duly paid for by the purchasers thereof, they
                  will have been duly issued under this Indenture and will be
                  valid and binding obligations of the Issuer, enforceable in
                  accordance with their respective terms, and will be entitled
                  to the benefits of this Indenture; and

                           (D) the execution and delivery by the Issuer of, and
                  the performance by the Issuer of its obligations under, the
                  Securities and Coupons, if any, will not contravene any
                  provision of applicable law or the certificate of
                  incorporation or by-laws of the Issuer or any agreement or
                  other instrument binding upon the Issuer or any of its
                  consolidated subsidiaries that is material to the Issuer and
                  its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or, to the best of such
                  counsel's knowledge, any judgment, order or decree of any U.S.
                  governmental body, agency or court having jurisdiction over
                  the Issuer or any of its consolidated subsidiaries, and no
                  consent, approval or authorization of any U.S. governmental
                  body or agency is required for the performance by the Issuer
                  of its obligations under the Securities and Coupons, if any,
                  except such as are specified and have been obtained and such
                  as may be required by the securities or blue sky laws of the
                  various states in

                                       12
<PAGE>

                  connection with the offer and sale of the Securities and
                  Coupons, if any.

         In rendering such opinions, such counsel may qualify any opinions as to
enforceability by stating that such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, liquidation, moratorium and other similar laws
affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and is subject to general
principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in
a proceeding in equity or at law). Such counsel may rely, as to all matters
governed by the laws of jurisdictions other than the State of New York and the
federal law of the United States, upon opinions of other counsel (copies of
which shall be delivered to the Trustee), who shall be counsel reasonably
satisfactory to the Trustee, in which case the opinion shall state that such
counsel believes he and the Trustee are entitled so to rely. Such counsel may
also state that, insofar as such opinion involves factual matters, he has
relied, to the extent he deems proper, upon certificates of officers of the
Issuer and its subsidiaries and certificates of public officials.

         The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver
any Securities under this Section if the Trustee, being advised by counsel,
determines that such action may not lawfully be taken by the Issuer or if the
Trustee in good faith by its board of directors or board of trustees, executive
committee, or a trust committee of directors or trustees or Responsible Officers
shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability
to existing Holders or would affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities, this Indenture or otherwise.

         If the Issuer shall establish pursuant to Section 2.03 that the
Securities of a series are to be issued in the form of one or more Registered
Global Securities, then the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee shall, in
accordance with this Section and the Issuer Order with respect to such series,
authenticate and deliver one or more Registered Global Securities that (i) shall
represent and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal
amount of all of the Securities of such series issued and not yet cancelled,
(ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary for such Registered
Global Security or Securities or the nominee of such Depositary, (iii) shall be
delivered by the Trustee to such Depositary or pursuant to such Depositary's
instructions and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect:
"Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in
definitive registered form, this Security may not be transferred except as a
whole by the Depositary to the nominee of the Depositary or by a nominee of the
Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the
Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such
successor Depositary."

                                       13
<PAGE>

         Each Depositary designated pursuant to Section 2.03 must, at the time
of its designation and at all times while it serves as Depositary, be a clearing
agency registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any other
applicable statute or regulation.

         Section 2.05. Execution of Securities. The Securities and, if
applicable, each Coupon appertaining thereto shall be signed on behalf of the
Issuer by any one of the following: the Chairman of the Board, the President,
the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Strategic and Administrative Officer, the
Chief Legal Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer or any other person
authorized by the Board of Directors to execute Securities or, if applicable,
Coupons, which Securities or Coupons may, but need not, be attested. Such
signatures may be the manual or facsimile signatures of the present or any
future such officers. Minor errors or defects in any such reproduction of any
such signature shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any Security
that has been duly authenticated and delivered by the Trustee.

         In case any officer of the Issuer who shall have signed any of the
Securities or Coupons, if any, shall cease to be such officer before the
Security or Coupon so signed (or the Security to which the Coupon so signed
appertains) shall be authenticated and delivered by the Trustee or disposed of
by the Issuer, such Security or Coupon nevertheless may be authenticated and
delivered or disposed of as though the person who signed such Security or Coupon
had not ceased to be such officer of the Issuer; and any Security or Coupon may
be signed on behalf of the Issuer by such persons as, at the actual date of the
execution of such Security or Coupon, shall be the proper officers of the
Issuer, although at the date of the execution and delivery of this Indenture any
such person was not such an officer.

         Section 2.06. Certificate of Authentication. Only such Securities as
shall bear thereon a certificate of authentication substantially in the form
hereinbefore recited, executed by the Trustee by the manual signature of one of
its authorized officers, shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture or
be valid or obligatory for any purpose. No Coupon shall be entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture or shall be valid and obligatory for any purpose
until the certificate of authentication on the Security to which such Coupon
appertains shall have been duly executed by the Trustee. The execution of such
certificate by the Trustee upon any Security executed by the Issuer shall be
conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has been duly
authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the Holder is entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.

         Section 2.07. Denomination and Date of Securities; Payments of
Interest. The Securities of each series shall be issuable as Registered
Securities or Unregistered Securities in denominations established as
contemplated by Section 2.03 or, with respect to the Registered Securities of
any series, if not so

                                       14
<PAGE>

established, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. If
denominations of Unregistered Securities of any series are not so established,
such Securities shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and $5,000. The
Securities of each series shall be numbered, lettered or otherwise distinguished
in such manner or in accordance with such plan as the officers of the Issuer
executing the same may determine with the approval of the Trustee, as evidenced
by the execution and authentication thereof.

         Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.
Each Unregistered Security shall be dated as provided in the resolution or
resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Issuer referred to in Section 2.03.
The Securities of each series shall bear interest, if any, from the date, and
such interest shall be payable on the dates, established as contemplated by
Section 2.03.

         The Person in whose name any Registered Security of any series is
registered at the close of business on any record date applicable to a
particular series with respect to any interest payment date for such series
shall be entitled to receive the interest, if any, payable on such interest
payment date notwithstanding any transfer or exchange of such Registered
Security subsequent to the record date and prior to such interest payment date,
except if and to the extent the Issuer shall default in the payment of the
interest due on such interest payment date for such series, in which case such
defaulted interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names Outstanding
Registered Securities for such series are registered at the close of business on
a subsequent record date (which shall be not less than five Business Days prior
to the date of payment of such defaulted interest) established by notice given
by mail by or on behalf of the Issuer to the Holders of Registered Securities
not less than 15 days preceding such subsequent record date. The term "record
date" as used with respect to any interest payment date (except a date for
payment of defaulted interest) for the Securities of any series shall mean the
date specified as such in the terms of the Registered Securities of such series
established as contemplated by Section 2.03, or, if no such date is so
established, if such interest payment date is the first day of a calendar month,
the fifteenth day of the next preceding calendar month or, if such interest
payment date is the fifteenth day of a calendar month, the first day of such
calendar month, whether or not such record date is a Business Day.

         Section 2.08. Registration, Transfer and Exchange. The Issuer will keep
at each office or agency to be maintained for the purpose as provided in Section
3.02 for each series of Securities a register or registers in which, subject to
such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, it will provide for the
registration of Registered Securities of such series and the registration of
transfer of Registered Securities of such series. Such register shall be in
written form in the English language or in any other form capable of being
converted into such form within a reasonable time. At all reasonable times such
register or registers shall be open for inspection by the Trustee.

                                       15
<PAGE>

         Upon due presentation for registration of transfer of any Registered
Security of any series at any such office or agency to be maintained for the
purpose as provided in Section 3.02, the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a
new Registered Security or Registered Securities of the same series, maturity
date, interest rate and original issue date in authorized denominations for a
like aggregate principal amount.

         Unregistered Securities (except for any temporary global Unregistered
Securities) and Coupons (except for Coupons attached to any temporary global
Unregistered Securities) shall be transferable by delivery.

         At the option of the Holder thereof, Registered Securities of any
series (other than a Registered Global Security, except as set forth below) may
be exchanged for a Registered Security or Registered Securities of such series
having authorized denominations and an equal aggregate principal amount, upon
surrender of such Registered Securities to be exchanged at the agency of the
Issuer that shall be maintained for such purpose in accordance with Section 3.02
and upon payment, if the Issuer shall so require, of the charges hereinafter
provided. If the Securities of any series are issued in both registered and
unregistered form, except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.03, at
the option of the Holder thereof, Unregistered Securities of any series may be
exchanged for Registered Securities of such series having authorized
denominations and an equal aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of such
Unregistered Securities to be exchanged at the agency of the Issuer that shall
be maintained for such purpose in accordance with Section 3.02, with, in the
case of Unregistered Securities that have Coupons attached, all unmatured
Coupons and all matured Coupons in default thereto appertaining, and upon
payment, if the Issuer shall so require, of the charges hereinafter provided. At
the option of the Holder thereof, if Unregistered Securities of any series,
maturity date, interest rate and original issue date are issued in more than one
authorized denomination, except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.03,
such Unregistered Securities may be exchanged for Unregistered Securities of
such series having authorized denominations and an equal aggregate principal
amount, upon surrender of such Unregistered Securities to be exchanged at the
agency of the Issuer that shall be maintained for such purpose in accordance
with Section 3.02 or as specified pursuant to Section 2.03, with, in the case of
Unregistered Securities that have Coupons attached, all unmatured Coupons and
all matured Coupons in default thereto appertaining, and upon payment, if the
Issuer shall so require, of the charges hereinafter provided. Unless otherwise
specified pursuant to Section 2.03, Registered Securities of any series may not
be exchanged for Unregistered Securities of such series. Whenever any Securities
are so surrendered for exchange, the Issuer shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is
entitled to receive. All Securities and Coupons surrendered upon any exchange or

                                       16
<PAGE>

transfer provided for in this Indenture shall be promptly cancelled and disposed
of by the Trustee and the Trustee will deliver a certificate of disposition
thereof to the Issuer.

         All Registered Securities presented for registration of transfer,
exchange, redemption or payment shall (if so required by the Issuer or the
Trustee) be duly endorsed by, or be accompanied by a written instrument or
instruments of transfer in form satisfactory to the Issuer and the Trustee duly
executed by the Holder or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

         The Issuer may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or
other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any exchange or
registration of transfer of Securities. No service charge shall be made for any
such transaction.

         The Issuer shall not be required to exchange or register a transfer of
(a) any Securities of any series for a period of 15 days next preceding the
first mailing of notice of redemption of Securities of such series to be
redeemed or (b) any Securities selected, called or being called for redemption,
in whole or in part, except, in the case of any Security to be redeemed in part,
the portion thereof not so to be redeemed or (c) any Securities if the Holder
thereof has exercised any right to require the Issuer to repurchase such
Securities, in whole or in part, except, in the case of any Security to be
repurchased in part, the portion thereof not so to be repurchased.

         Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 2.08, unless and
until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in definitive
registered form, a Registered Global Security representing all or a portion of
the Securities of a series may not be transferred except as a whole by the
Depositary for such series to a nominee of such Depositary or by a nominee of
such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by
such Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary for such series or
a nominee of such successor Depositary.

         If at any time the Depositary for any Registered Securities of a series
represented by one or more Registered Global Securities notifies the Issuer that
it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Registered
Securities or if at any time the Depositary for such Registered Securities shall
no longer be eligible under Section 2.04, the Issuer shall appoint a successor
Depositary eligible under Section 2.04 with respect to such Registered
Securities. If a successor Depositary eligible under Section 2.04 for such
Registered Securities is not appointed by the Issuer within 90 days after the
Issuer receives such notice or becomes aware of such ineligibility, the Issuer's
election pursuant to Section 2.03 that such Registered Securities be represented
by one or more Registered Global Securities shall no longer be effective and the
Issuer will execute, and the Trustee,

                                       17
<PAGE>

upon receipt of an Officer's Certificate for the authentication and delivery of
definitive Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver, Securities
of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in any authorized
denominations, in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of
the Registered Global Security or Securities representing such Registered
Securities in exchange for such Registered Global Security or Securities.

         Subject to the procedures of the Depositary, the Issuer may at any time
and in its sole discretion determine that the Registered Securities of any
series issued in the form of one or more Registered Global Securities shall no
longer be represented by a Registered Global Security or Securities. In such
event the Issuer will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer's
Certificate for the authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such
series, will authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series in definitive
registered form without coupons, in any authorized denominations, in an
aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Registered
Global Security or Securities representing such Registered Securities, in
exchange for such Registered Global Security or Securities.

         If specified by the Issuer pursuant to Section 2.03 with respect to
Securities represented by a Registered Global Security, the Depositary for such
Registered Global Security may surrender such Registered Global Security in
exchange in whole or in part for Securities of the same series in definitive
registered form on such terms as are acceptable to the Issuer and such
Depositary. Thereupon, the Issuer shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, without service charge,

                  (i) to the Person specified by such Depositary a new
         Registered Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized
         denominations as requested by such Person, in an aggregate principal
         amount equal to and in exchange for such Person's beneficial interest
         in the Registered Global Security; and

                  (ii) to such Depositary a new Registered Global Security in a
         denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal
         amount of the surrendered Registered Global Security and the aggregate
         principal amount of Registered Securities authenticated and delivered
         pursuant to clause Section 2.08(i) above.

         Upon the exchange of a Registered Global Security for Securities in
definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, such
Registered Global Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee or an agent of the
Issuer or the Trustee. Securities in definitive registered form without coupons
issued in exchange for a Registered Global Security pursuant to this Section
2.08 shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as
the

                                       18
<PAGE>

Depositary for such Registered Global Security, pursuant to instructions from
its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee or
an agent of the Issuer or the Trustee. The Trustee or such agent shall deliver
such Securities to or as directed by the Persons in whose names such Securities
are so registered.

         All Securities issued upon any transfer or exchange of Securities shall
be valid obligations of the Issuer, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to
the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such
transfer or exchange.

         Notwithstanding anything herein or in the terms of any series of
Securities to the contrary, none of the Issuer, the Trustee or any agent of the
Issuer or the Trustee (any of which, other than the Issuer, shall rely on an
Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel) shall be required to exchange
any Unregistered Security for a Registered Security if such exchange would
result in adverse Federal income tax consequences to the Issuer (such as, for
example, the inability of the Issuer to deduct from its income, as computed for
Federal income tax purposes, the interest payable on the Unregistered
Securities) under then applicable United States Federal income tax laws.

         Section 2.09. Mutilated, Defaced, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen
Securities. In case any temporary or definitive Security or any Coupon
appertaining to any Security shall become mutilated, defaced or be destroyed,
lost or stolen, the Issuer in its discretion may execute, and upon the written
request of any officer of the Issuer, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver
a new Security of the same series, maturity date, interest rate and original
issue date, bearing a number or other distinguishing symbol not
contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated or
defaced Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so
destroyed, lost or stolen with Coupons corresponding to the Coupons appertaining
to the Securities so mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen, or in
exchange or substitution for the Security to which such mutilated, defaced,
destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon appertained, with Coupons appertaining thereto
corresponding to the Coupons so mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen.
In every case the applicant for a substitute Security or Coupon shall furnish to
the Issuer and to the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee such
security or indemnity as may be required by them to indemnify and defend and to
save each of them harmless and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft,
evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of such
Security or Coupon and of the ownership thereof and in the case of mutilation or
defacement shall surrender the Security and related Coupons to the Trustee or
such agent.

         Upon the issuance of any substitute Security or Coupon, the Issuer may
require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including
the fees and expenses of the Trustee or its agent) connected therewith. In case
any

                                       19
<PAGE>

Security or Coupon which has matured or is about to mature or has been called
for redemption in full shall become mutilated or defaced or be destroyed, lost
or stolen, the Issuer may instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or
authorize the payment of the same or the relevant Coupon (without surrender
thereof except in the case of a mutilated or defaced Security or Coupon), if the
applicant for such payment shall furnish to the Issuer and to the Trustee and
any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee such security or indemnity as any of them
may require to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction,
loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Issuer and the Trustee
and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the
destruction, loss or theft of such Security or Coupon and of the ownership
thereof.

         Every substitute Security or Coupon of any series issued pursuant to
the provisions of this Section by virtue of the fact that any such Security or
Coupon is destroyed, lost or stolen shall constitute an additional contractual
obligation of the Issuer, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security
or Coupon shall be at any time enforceable by anyone and shall be entitled to
all the benefits of (but shall be subject to all the limitations of rights set
forth in) this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other
Securities or Coupons of such series duly authenticated and delivered hereunder.
All Securities and Coupons shall be held and owned upon the express condition
that, to the extent permitted by law, the foregoing provisions are exclusive
with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, defaced or destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities and Coupons and shall preclude any and all other
rights or remedies notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter
enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable
instruments or other securities without their surrender.

         Section 2.10. Cancellation of Securities; Disposition Thereof. All
Securities and Coupons surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of
transfer or exchange, or for credit against any payment in respect of a sinking
or analogous fund, if surrendered to the Issuer or any agent of the Issuer or
the Trustee or any agent of the Trustee, shall be delivered to the Trustee or
its agent for cancellation or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled
by it; and no Securities or Coupons shall be issued in lieu thereof except as
expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. The Trustee or
its agent shall dispose of cancelled Securities and Coupons held by it and
deliver a certificate of disposition to the Issuer. If the Issuer or its agent
shall acquire any of the Securities or Coupons, such acquisition shall not
operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such
Securities or Coupons unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee or
its agent for cancellation.

         Section 2.11. Temporary Securities. Pending the preparation of
definitive Securities for any series, the Issuer may execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver temporary Securities for such series (printed,
lithographed, typewritten or otherwise reproduced, in each case in form
satisfactory to the

                                       20
<PAGE>

Trustee). Temporary Securities of any series shall be issuable as Registered
Securities without coupons, or as Unregistered Securities with or without
coupons attached thereto, of any authorized denomination, and substantially in
the form of the definitive Securities of such series but with such omissions,
insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all as
may be determined by the Issuer with the concurrence of the Trustee as evidenced
by the execution and authentication thereof. Temporary Securities may contain
such references to any provisions of this Indenture as may be appropriate. Every
temporary Security shall be executed by the Issuer and be authenticated by the
Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with
like effect, as the definitive Securities. Without unreasonable delay the Issuer
shall execute and shall furnish definitive Securities of such series and
thereupon temporary Registered Securities of such series may be surrendered in
exchange therefor without charge at each office or agency to be maintained by
the Issuer for that purpose pursuant to Section 3.02 and, in the case of
Unregistered Securities, at any agency maintained by the Issuer for such purpose
as specified pursuant to Section 2.03, and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities of such series an equal
aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series having
authorized denominations and, in the case of Unregistered Securities, having
attached thereto any appropriate Coupons. Until so exchanged, the temporary
Securities of any series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this
Indenture as definitive Securities of such series, unless otherwise established
pursuant to Section 2.03. The provisions of this Section are subject to any
restrictions or limitations on the issue and delivery of temporary Unregistered
Securities of any series that may be established pursuant to Section 2.03
(including any provision that Unregistered Securities of such series initially
be issued in the form of a single global Unregistered Security to be delivered
to a depositary or agency located outside the United States and the procedures
pursuant to which definitive or global Unregistered Securities of such series
would be issued in exchange for such temporary global Unregistered Security).

                                    ARTICLE 3
                            COVENANTS OF THE ISSUER

         Section 3.01. Payment of Principal and Interest. The Issuer covenants
and agrees for the benefit of each series of Securities that it will duly and
punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of, and interest on, each of
the Securities of such series (together with any additional amounts payable
pursuant to the terms of such

                                       21
<PAGE>

Securities) at the place or places, at the respective times and in the manner
provided in such Securities and in the Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto and
in this Indenture. The interest on Securities with Coupons attached (together
with any additional amounts payable pursuant to the terms of such Securities)
shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the several Coupons for
such interest installments as are evidenced thereby as they severally mature. If
any temporary Unregistered Security provides that interest thereon may be paid
while such Security is in temporary form, the interest on any such temporary
Unregistered Security (together with any additional amounts payable pursuant to
the terms of such Security) shall be paid, as to the installments of interest
evidenced by Coupons attached thereto, if any, only upon presentation and
surrender thereof, and, as to the other installments of interest, if any, only
upon presentation of such Securities for notation thereon of the payment of such
interest, in each case subject to any restrictions that may be established
pursuant to Section 2.03. The interest on Registered Securities (together with
any additional amounts payable pursuant to the terms of such Securities) shall
be payable only to or upon the written order of the Holders thereof and, at the
option of the Issuer, may be paid by wire transfer or by mailing checks for such
interest payable to or upon the written order of such Holders at their last
addresses as they appear on the registry books of the Issuer.

         Section 3.02. Offices for Payments, etc. So long as any Registered
Securities are authorized for issuance pursuant to this Indenture or are
outstanding hereunder, the Issuer will maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, The
City of New York, an office or agency where the Registered Securities of each
series may be presented for payment, where the Securities of each series may be
presented for exchange as is provided in this Indenture and, if applicable,
pursuant to Section 2.03 and where the Registered Securities of each series may
be presented for registration of transfer as in this Indenture provided.

         The Issuer initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee
in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, as its agency for the
foregoing purposes. The Issuer may subsequently appoint a different office or
agency of the Issuer in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York. The
Issuer further initially appoints the Trustee at said Corporate Trust Office as
Security registrar for each series of Securities. The Issuer will have the right
to remove and replace from time to time the Security registrar for any series of
Securities; provided that no such removal or replacement will be effective until
a successor Security registrar with respect to such series of Securities has
been appointed by the Issuer and has accepted such appointment.

         The Issuer will maintain one or more offices or agencies in a city or
cities located outside the United States (including any city in which such an
agency is required to be maintained under the rules of any stock exchange on
which the Securities of such series are listed) where the Unregistered
Securities, if any, of each series and Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto may
be presented for payment. No payment on any Unregistered Security or Coupon will
be made upon presentation of such Unregistered Security or Coupon at an agency
of the Issuer within the United States nor will any payment be made by transfer
to an account

                                       22
<PAGE>

in, or by mail to an address in, the United States unless pursuant to applicable
United States laws and regulations then in effect such payment can be made
without adverse tax consequences to the Issuer. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
payments in Dollars of Unregistered Securities of any series and Coupons
appertaining thereto which are payable in Dollars may be made at an agency of
the Issuer maintained in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York if such
payment in Dollars at each agency maintained by the Issuer outside the United
States for payment on such Unregistered Securities is illegal or effectively
precluded by exchange controls or other similar restrictions.

         The Issuer will maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New
York, an office or agency where notices and demands to or upon the Issuer in
respect of the Securities of any series, the Coupons appertaining thereto or
this Indenture may be served.

         The Issuer will give to the Trustee written notice of the location of
each such office or agency and of any change of location thereof. In case the
Issuer shall fail to maintain any agency required by this Section to be located
in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or shall fail to give such
notice of the location or of any change in the location of any of the above
agencies, presentations and demands may be made and notices may be served at the
Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.

         The Issuer may from time to time designate one or more additional
offices or agencies where the Securities of a series and any Coupons
appertaining thereto may be presented for payment, where the Securities of that
series may be presented for exchange as provided in this Indenture and pursuant
to Section 2.03 and where the Registered Securities of that series may be
presented for registration of transfer as in this Indenture provided, and the
Issuer may from time to time rescind any such designation, as the Issuer may
deem desirable or expedient; provided, however, that no such designation or
rescission shall in any manner relieve the Issuer of its obligation to maintain
the agencies provided for in this Section. The Issuer will give to the Trustee
prompt written notice of any such designation or rescission thereof.

         Section 3.03. Appointment to Fill a Vacancy in Office of Trustee. The
Issuer, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee,
will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 6.10, a Trustee, so that there
shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to each series of Securities
hereunder.

         Section 3.04. Paying Agents. Whenever the Issuer shall appoint a paying
agent other than the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series, it
will cause such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument
in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
this Section,

                                       23
<PAGE>

         (a) that it will hold all sums received by it as such agent for the
payment of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series
(whether such sums have been paid to it by the Issuer or by any other obligor on
the Securities of such series) in trust for the benefit of the Holders of the
Securities of such series, or Coupons appertaining thereto, if any, or of the
Trustee,

         (b) that it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Issuer
(or by any other obligor on the Securities of such series) to make any payment
of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series when the same
shall be due and payable, and

         (c) that it will pay any such sums so held in trust by it to the
Trustee upon the Trustee's written request at any time during the continuance of
the failure referred to in clause 3.04(b) above.

         The Issuer will, on or prior to each due date of the principal of or
interest on the Securities of such series, deposit with the paying agent a sum
sufficient to pay such principal or interest so becoming due, and (unless such
paying agent is the Trustee) the Issuer will promptly notify the Trustee of any
failure to take such action.

         If the Issuer shall act as its own paying agent with respect to the
Securities of any series, it will, on or before each due date of the principal
of or interest on the Securities of such series, set aside, segregate and hold
in trust for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such series or the
Coupons appertaining thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal or interest
so becoming due. The Issuer will promptly notify the Trustee of any failure to
take such action.

         Anything in this Section to the contrary notwithstanding, but subject
to Section 10.01, the Issuer may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining a
satisfaction and discharge with respect to one or more or all series of
Securities hereunder, or for any other reason, pay or cause to be paid to the
Trustee all sums held in trust for any such series by the Issuer or any paying
agent hereunder, as required by this Section, such sums to be held by the
Trustee upon the trusts herein contained.

         Anything in this Section to the contrary notwithstanding, the agreement
to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the provisions
of Sections 10.03 and 10.04.

         Section 3.05. Written Statement to Trustee. The Issuer will furnish to
the Trustee on or before March 31 in each year (beginning with March 31, 2005) a
brief certificate (which need not comply with Section 11.05) from the principal
executive, financial or accounting officer of the Issuer stating that in the
course of the performance by the signer of his duties as an officer of the
Issuer he would

                                       24
<PAGE>

normally have knowledge of any default or non-compliance by the Issuer in the
performance of any covenants or conditions contained in this Indenture, stating
whether or not he has knowledge of any such default or non-compliance and, if
so, specifying each such default or non-compliance of which the signer has
knowledge and the nature thereof.

         Section 3.06. Negative Pledge. Neither the Issuer nor any successor
corporation will, or will permit any Subsidiary (as hereinafter defined) to,
create, assume, incur or guarantee any indebtedness for borrowed money secured
by a pledge, lien or other encumbrance (except for Permitted Liens, as
hereinafter defined) on (i) the Voting Securities (as hereinafter defined) of
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned
subsidiary of the Issuer, Morgan Stanley & Co. International Limited, an English
company and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Issuer, Discover Bank, a
Delaware chartered bank and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Issuer,
Morgan Stanley DW Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of
the Issuer, or any Subsidiary succeeding to any substantial part of the business
now conducted by any of such corporations (collectively, the "Principal
Subsidiaries") or (ii) Voting Securities of a Subsidiary that owns, directly or
indirectly, Voting Securities of any of the Principal Subsidiaries (other than
directors' qualifying shares), unless the Issuer shall cause the Securities to
be secured equally and ratably with (or, at the Issuer's option, prior to) any
indebtedness secured thereby. "Subsidiary" means any corporation, partnership or
other entity of which at the time of determination the Issuer owns or controls
directly or indirectly more than 50% of the shares of voting stock or equivalent
interest. "Permitted Liens" means liens for taxes or assessments or governmental
charges or levies not then due and delinquent or the validity of which is being
contested in good faith or which are less than $1,000,000 in amount, liens
created by or resulting from any litigation or legal proceeding which is
currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings or which
involves claims of less than $1,000,000, deposits to secure (or in lieu of)
surety, stay, appeal or customs bonds and such other liens as the Board of
Directors of the Issuer determines do not materially detract from or interfere
with the present value or control of the Voting Securities subject thereto or
affected thereby. "Voting Securities" means stock of any class or classes having
general voting power under ordinary circumstances to elect a majority of the
board of directors, managers or trustees of the Subsidiary in question, provided
that, for the purposes hereof, stock which carries only the right to vote
conditionally on the happening of an event shall not be considered voting stock
whether or not such event shall have happened.

         Section 3.07. Luxembourg Publications. In the event of the publication
of any notice pursuant to Section 5.11, 6.10(a), 6.11, 8.02, 10.04, 12.02 or
12.05, the party making such publication in the Borough of Manhattan, The City
of New York and London shall also, to the extent that notice is required to be
given to

                                       25
<PAGE>

Holders of Securities of any series by applicable Luxembourg law or stock
exchange regulation, as evidenced by an Officer's Certificate delivered to such
party, make a similar publication in Luxembourg.

                                    ARTICLE 4
                        SECURITYHOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS
                          BY THE ISSUER AND THE TRUSTEE

         Section 4.01. Issuer to Furnish Trustee Information as to Names and
Addresses of Securityholders. If and so long as the Trustee shall not be the
Security registrar for the Securities of any series, the Issuer and any other
obligor on the Securities will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee a
list in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and
addresses of the Holders of the Registered Securities of such series pursuant to
Section 312 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (a) semi-annually not more than
15 days after each record date for the payment of interest on such Registered
Securities, as hereinabove specified, as of such record date and on dates to be
determined pursuant to Section 2.03 for non-interest bearing Registered
Securities in each year, and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request
in writing, within thirty days after receipt by the Issuer of any such request
as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such information is
furnished.

         Section 4.02. Preservation and Disclosure of Securityholders Lists.

         This Section intentionally left blank.

         Section 4.03. Reports by the Issuer. The Issuer covenants to file with
the Trustee, within 15 days after the Issuer is required to file the same with
the Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents,
and other reports that the Issuer may be required to file with the Commission
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
or pursuant to Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.

         Section 4.04. Reports by the Trustee. Any Trustee's report required
under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 shall be transmitted on
or before January 15 in each year beginning January 15, 2005, as provided in
Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, so long as any Securities are
Outstanding hereunder, and shall be dated as of a date convenient to the Trustee
no more than 60 days prior thereto.

                                       26
<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE 5
                           REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND
                      SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT

         Section 5.01. Event of Default Defined; Acceleration of Maturity;
Waiver of Default. "Event of Default" with respect to Securities of any series
wherever used herein, means each one of the following events which shall have
occurred and be continuing (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and
whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law
or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or
regulation of any administrative or governmental body):

         (a) default in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of
the Securities of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable,
and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

         (b) default in the payment of all or any part of the principal on any
of the Securities of such series as and when the same shall become due and
payable either at maturity, upon any redemption, by declaration or otherwise; or

         (c) failure on the part of the Issuer duly to observe or perform any
other of the covenants or agreements on the part of the Issuer in the Securities
of such series (other than a covenant or warranty in respect of the Securities
of such series a default in the performance or breach of which is elsewhere in
this Section specifically dealt with) or in this Indenture contained for a
period of 60 days after the date on which written notice specifying such
failure, stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder and
demanding that the Issuer remedy the same, shall have been given by registered
or certified mail, return receipt requested, to the Issuer by the Trustee, or to
the Issuer and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series affected thereby; or

         (d) a court having jurisdiction in the premises shall enter a decree or
order for relief in respect of the Issuer in an involuntary case under any
applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in
effect, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee,
sequestrator (or similar official) of the Issuer or for any substantial part of
its property or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and such
decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 60
consecutive days; or

         (e) the Issuer shall commence a voluntary case under any applicable
bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or
consent to the entry of an order for relief in an involuntary case under any
such law, or consent to the appointment or taking possession by a receiver,
liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of
the Issuer or for

                                       27
<PAGE>

any substantial part of its property, or make any general assignment for the
benefit of creditors; or

         (f) any other Event of Default provided in the supplemental indenture
under which such series of Securities is issued or in the form of Security for
such series.

         If an Event of Default described in clauses 5.01(a), 5.01(b), 5.01(c)
or 5.01(f) (if the Event of Default under clause 5.01(c) or 5.01(f), as the case
may be, is with respect to less than all series of Securities then Outstanding)
occurs and is continuing, then, and in each and every such case, except for any
series of Securities the principal of which shall have already become due and
payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of each such affected series then Outstanding
hereunder (voting as a single class) by notice in writing to the Issuer (and to
the Trustee if given by Securityholders), may declare the entire principal (or,
if the Securities of any such affected series are Original Issue Discount
Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the
terms of such series) of all Securities of all such affected series, and the
interest accrued thereon, if any, to be due and payable immediately, and upon
any such declaration, the same shall become immediately due and payable. If an
Event of Default described in clause 5.01(c) or 5.01(f) (if the Event of Default
under clause 5.01(c) or 5.01(f), as the case may be, is with respect to all
series of Securities then Outstanding), 5.01(d) or 5.01(e) occurs and is
continuing, then and in each and every such case, unless the principal of all
the Securities shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or
the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of all the
Securities then Outstanding hereunder (treated as one class), by notice in
writing to the Issuer (and to the Trustee if given by Securityholders), may
declare the entire principal (or, if any Securities are Original Issue Discount
Securities, such portion of the principal as may be specified in the terms
thereof) of all the Securities then Outstanding, and interest accrued thereon,
if any, to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the
same shall become immediately due and payable.

         The foregoing provisions, however, are subject to the condition that
if, at any time after the principal (or, if the Securities are Original Issue
Discount Securities, such portion of the principal as may be specified in the
terms thereof) of the Securities of any series (or of all the Securities, as the
case may be) shall have been so declared due and payable, and before any
judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or
entered as hereinafter provided, the Issuer shall pay or shall deposit with the
Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all
the Securities of such series (or of all the Securities, as the case may be) and
the principal of any and all Securities of each such series (or of all the
Securities, as the case may be) which shall have become due otherwise than by
acceleration (with interest upon such principal and,

                                       28
<PAGE>

to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law,
on overdue installments of interest, at the same rate as the rate of interest or
Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) specified
in the Securities of each such series (or at the respective rates of interest or
Yields to Maturity of all the Securities, as the case may be) to the date of
such payment or deposit) and such amount as shall be sufficient to cover
reasonable compensation to the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee, its agents,
attorneys and counsel, and all other expenses and liabilities incurred, and all
advances made, by the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee except as a result of
negligence or bad faith, and if any and all Events of Default under the
Indenture, other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities which shall
have become due by acceleration, shall have been cured, waived or otherwise
remedied as provided hereinCthen and in every such case the Holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of all the Securities of each such
series, or of all the Securities, in each case voting as a single class, then
Outstanding, by written notice to the Issuer and to the Trustee, may waive all
defaults with respect to each such series (or with respect to all the
Securities, as the case may be) and rescind and annul such declaration and its
consequences, but no such waiver or rescission and annulment shall extend to or
shall affect any subsequent default or shall impair any right consequent
thereon.

         For all purposes under this Indenture, if a portion of the principal of
any Original Issue Discount Securities shall have been accelerated and declared
due and payable pursuant to the provisions hereof, then, from and after such
declaration, unless such declaration has been rescinded and annulled, the
principal amount of such Original Issue Discount Securities shall be deemed, for
all purposes hereunder, to be such portion of the principal thereof as shall be
due and payable as a result of such acceleration, and payment of such portion of
the principal thereof as shall be due and payable as a result of such
acceleration, together with interest, if any, thereon and all other amounts
owing thereunder, shall constitute payment in full of such Original Issue
Discount Securities.

         Section 5.02. Collection of Indebtedness by Trustee; Trustee May Prove
Debt. The Issuer covenants that (a) in case default shall be made in the payment
of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of any series when such
interest shall have become due and payable, and such default shall have
continued for a period of 30 days or (b) in case default shall be made in the
payment of all or any part of the principal of any of the Securities of any
series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of
the Securities of such series or upon any redemption or by declaration or
otherwise--then upon demand of the Trustee, the Issuer will pay to the Trustee
for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such series the whole amount
that then shall have become due and payable on all Securities of such series,
and such Coupons, for principal or interest, as the case may be (with interest
to the date of such payment upon the overdue principal and, to the extent that
payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law, on overdue
installments of interest at the same rate as the

                                       29
<PAGE>

rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount
Securities) specified in the Securities of such series); and in addition
thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and
expenses of collection, including reasonable compensation to the Trustee and
each predecessor Trustee, their respective agents, attorneys and counsel, and
any expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and
each predecessor Trustee except as a result of its negligence or bad faith.

         Until such demand is made by the Trustee, the Issuer may pay the
principal of and interest on the Securities of any series to the Holders,
whether or not the Securities of such series be overdue.

         In case the Issuer shall fail forthwith to pay such amounts upon such
demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall
be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in
equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any
such action or proceedings to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such
judgment or final decree against the Issuer or other obligor upon the Securities
and collect in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Issuer or
other obligor upon the Securities, wherever situated the moneys adjudged or
decreed to be payable.

         In case there shall be pending proceedings relative to the Issuer or
any other obligor upon the Securities under Title 11 of the United States Code
or any other applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar
law, or in case a receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization,
liquidator, sequestrator or similar official shall have been appointed for or
taken possession of the Issuer or its property or such other obligor, or in case
of any other comparable judicial proceedings relative to the Issuer or other
obligor upon the Securities, or to the creditors or property of the Issuer or
such other obligor, the Trustee, irrespective of whether the principal of the
Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration
or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand
pursuant to the provisions of this Section, shall be entitled and empowered, by
intervention in such proceedings or otherwise:

                  (i) to file and prove a claim or claims for the whole amount
         of principal and interest (or, if the Securities of any series are
         Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal
         amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) owing and
         unpaid in respect of the Securities of any series, and to file such
         other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to
         have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for reasonable
         compensation to the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee, and their
         respective agents, attorneys and counsel, and for reimbursement of all
         expenses and liabilities incurred, and all

                                       30
<PAGE>

         advances made, by the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee, except as a
         result of negligence or bad faith) and of the Securityholders allowed
         in any judicial proceedings relative to the Issuer or other obligor
         upon the Securities, or to the creditors or property of the Issuer or
         such other obligor,

                  (ii) unless prohibited by applicable law and regulations, to
         vote on behalf of the holders of the Securities of any series in any
         election of a trustee or a standby trustee in arrangement,
         reorganization, liquidation or other bankruptcy or insolvency
         proceedings or Person performing similar functions in comparable
         proceedings, and

                  (iii) to collect and receive any moneys or other property
         payable or deliverable on any such claims, and to distribute all
         amounts received with respect to the claims of the Securityholders and
         of the Trustee on their behalf; and any trustee, receiver, or
         liquidator, custodian or other similar official is hereby authorized by
         each of the Securityholders to make payments to the Trustee, and, in
         the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of payments
         directly to the Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee such amounts as
         shall be sufficient to cover reasonable compensation to the Trustee,
         each predecessor Trustee and their respective agents, attorneys and
         counsel, and all other expenses and liabilities incurred, and all
         advances made, by the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee except as a
         result of negligence or bad faith.

         Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or vote for or accept or adopt on behalf of any
Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or
composition affecting the Securities of any series or the rights of any Holder
thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any
Securityholder in any such proceeding except, as aforesaid, to vote for the
election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar Person.

         All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or
under any of the Securities of any series or Coupons appertaining to such
Securities, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the
Securities of such series or Coupons appertaining to such Securities or the
production thereof on any trial or other proceedings relative thereto, and any
such action or proceedings instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own
name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment, subject to
the payment of the expenses, disbursements and compensation of the Trustee, each
predecessor Trustee and their respective agents and attorneys, shall be for the
ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities or Coupons appertaining to such
Securities in respect of which such action was taken.

                                       31
<PAGE>

         In any proceedings brought by the Trustee (and also any proceedings
involving the interpretation of any provision of this Indenture to which the
Trustee shall be a party) the Trustee shall be held to represent all the Holders
of the Securities or Coupons appertaining to such Securities in respect to which
such action was taken, and it shall not be necessary to make any Holders of such
Securities or Coupons appertaining to such Securities parties to any such
proceedings.

         Section 5.03. Application of Proceeds. Any moneys collected by the
Trustee pursuant to this Article in respect of any series shall be applied in
the following order at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of
the distribution of such moneys on account of principal or interest, upon
presentation of the several Securities and Coupons appertaining to such
Securities in respect of which monies have been collected and stamping (or
otherwise noting) thereon the payment, or issuing Securities of such series in
reduced principal amounts in exchange for the presented Securities of like
series if only partially paid, or upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

         FIRST: To the payment of costs and expenses applicable to such series
in respect of which moneys have been collected, including reasonable
compensation to the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee and their respective
agents and attorneys and of all expenses and liabilities incurred, and all
advances made, by the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee except as a result of
negligence or bad faith;

         SECOND: In case the principal of the Securities of such series in
respect of which moneys have been collected shall not have become and be then
due and payable, to the payment of interest on the Securities of such series in
default in the order of the maturity of the installments of such interest, with
interest (to the extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee)
upon the overdue installments of interest at the same rate as the rate of
interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount
Securities) specified in such Securities, such payments to be made ratably to
the Persons entitled thereto, without discrimination or preference;

         THIRD: In case the principal of the Securities of such series in
respect of which moneys have been collected shall have become and shall be then
due and payable, to the payment of the whole amount then owing and unpaid upon
all the Securities of such series for principal and interest, with interest upon
the overdue principal, and (to the extent that such interest has been collected
by the Trustee) upon overdue installments of interest at the same rate as the
rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount
Securities) specified in the Securities of such series; and in case such moneys
shall be insufficient to pay in full the whole amount so due and unpaid upon the
Securities of such series, then to the payment of such principal and interest or
Yield to Maturity, without

                                       32
<PAGE>

preference or priority of principal over interest or Yield to Maturity, or of
interest or Yield to Maturity over principal, or of any installment of interest
over any other installment of interest, or of any Security of such series over
any other Security of such series, ratably to the aggregate of such principal
and accrued and unpaid interest or Yield to Maturity; and

         FOURTH: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Issuer or any
other Person lawfully entitled thereto.

         Section 5.04. Suits for Enforcement. In case an Event of Default has
occurred, has not been waived and is continuing, the Trustee may in its
discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this
Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem
most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in
equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of
any covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise
of any power granted in this Indenture or to enforce any other legal or
equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.

         Section 5.05. Restoration of Rights on Abandonment of Proceedings. In
case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right under this Indenture
and such proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned for any reason,
or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such
case the Issuer and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former
positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the
Issuer, the Trustee and the Securityholders shall continue as though no such
proceedings had been taken.

         Section 5.06. Limitations on Suits by Securityholders. No Holder of any
Security of any series or of any Coupon appertaining thereto shall have any
right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute
any action or proceeding at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise upon
or under or with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a trustee,
receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official or for any other
remedy hereunder, unless such Holder previously shall have given to the Trustee
written notice of default and of the continuance thereof, as hereinbefore
provided, and unless also the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of each affected series then Outstanding
(treated as a single class) shall have made written request upon the Trustee to
institute such action or proceedings in its own name as trustee hereunder and
shall have offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require
against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby
and the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer
of indemnity shall have failed to institute any such action or proceeding and no
direction inconsistent with such written request shall have been given to the
Trustee pursuant to Section 5.09; it being understood and

                                       33
<PAGE>

intended, and being expressly covenanted by the taker and Holder of every
Security or Coupon with every other taker and Holder and the Trustee, that no
one or more Holders of Securities of any series or Coupons appertaining to such
Securities shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue or by availing
of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of
any other such Holder of Securities or Coupons appertaining to such Securities,
or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such
Holder or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein
provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all Holders of
Securities of the applicable series and Coupons appertaining to such Securities.
For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and
every Securityholder and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be
given either at law or in equity.

         Section 5.07. Unconditional Right of Securityholders to Institute
Certain Suits. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture and any
provision of any Security, the right of any Holder of any Security or Coupon to
receive payment of the principal of and interest on such Security or Coupon on
or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or Coupon, or to
institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such
respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such
Holder.

         Section 5.08. Powers and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not
Waiver of Default. Except as provided in Section 5.06, no right or remedy herein
conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities or
Coupons is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every
right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in
addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter
existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any
right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent
assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

         No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of Securities or
Coupons to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default
occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power or
shall be construed to be a waiver of any such Event of Default or an
acquiescence therein; and, subject to Section 5.06, every power and remedy given
by this Indenture or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities or
Coupons may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed
expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders of Securities or Coupons.

         Section 5.09. Control by Holders of Securities. The Holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected
(with all such series voting as a single class) at the time Outstanding shall
have the right to direct the time, method, and place of conducting any
proceeding for any remedy

                                       34
<PAGE>

available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the
Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series by this Indenture;
provided that such direction shall not be otherwise than in accordance with law
and the provisions of this Indenture and provided further that (subject to the
provisions of Section 6.01) the Trustee shall have the right to decline to
follow any such direction if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, shall
determine that the action or proceeding so directed may not lawfully be taken or
if the Trustee in good faith by its board of directors, the executive committee,
or a trust committee of directors or Responsible Officers of the Trustee shall
determine that the action or proceedings so directed would involve the Trustee
in personal liability or if the Trustee in good faith shall so determine that
the actions or forbearances specified in or pursuant to such direction would be
unduly prejudicial to the interests of Holders of the Securities of all series
so affected not joining in the giving of said direction, it being understood
that (subject to Section 6.01) the Trustee shall have no duty to ascertain
whether or not such actions or forbearances are unduly prejudicial to such
Holders.

         Nothing in this Indenture shall impair the right of the Trustee in its
discretion to take any action deemed proper by the Trustee and which is not
inconsistent with such direction or directions by Securityholders.

         Section 5.10. Waiver of Past Defaults. Prior to the acceleration of the
maturity of any Securities as provided in Section 5.01, the Holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of all series at the
time Outstanding with respect to which an event of default shall have occurred
and be continuing (voting as a single class) may on behalf of the Holders of all
such Securities waive any past default or Event of Default described in Section
5.01 and its consequences, except a default in the payment of principal or
interest (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all
matured installments of interest and principal due otherwise than by
acceleration has been deposited with the Trustee) or a default in respect of a
covenant or provision hereof which cannot be modified or amended without the
consent of the Holder of each Security affected. In the case of any such waiver,
the Issuer, the Trustee and the Holders of all such Securities shall be restored
to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver
shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent
thereon.

         Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist and be deemed
to have been cured and not to have occurred, and any Event of Default arising
therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, and not to have occurred for every
purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or
other default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

         Section 5.11. Trustee to Give Notice of Default; But May Withhold in
Certain Circumstances. The Trustee shall, within ninety days after the

                                       35
<PAGE>

occurrence of a default with respect to the Securities of any series, give
notice of all defaults with respect to that series known to the Trustee (i)if
any Unregistered Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, to the
Holders thereof, (A) by mail to such Holders who have filed their names and
addresses with the Trustee within the two years preceding the notice at such
addresses as were so furnished to the Trustee and (B) either through the
customary notice provisions of the clearing system or systems through which
beneficial interests in such Unregistered Securities are owned if such
Unregistered Securities are held only in global form or by publication at least
once in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New
York, and at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in London (and, if required
by Section 3.07, at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg), and
(ii) if any Registered Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, by
mailing notice to the Holders of then Outstanding Registered Securities of each
series affected at their addresses as they shall appear on the registry books,
unless in each case such defaults shall have been cured before the mailing or
publication of such notice (the term "defaults" for the purpose of this Section
being hereby defined to mean any event or condition which is, or with notice or
lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default); provided that, except
in the case of default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any of
the Securities of such series, or in the payment of any sinking fund installment
on such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and
so long as the board of directors, the executive committee, or a trust committee
of directors or trustees and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good
faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the
Securityholders of such series.

         Section 5.12. Right of Court to Require Filing of Undertaking to Pay
Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security or
Coupon by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court
may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or
remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action
taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in
such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court
may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys'
fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits
and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the
provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder or group of
Securityholders of any series holding in the aggregate more than 10% in
aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series, or, in the case of
any suit relating to or arising under clause 5.01(c) or 5.01(f) (if the suit
relates to Securities of more than one but less than all series), 10% in
aggregate principal amount of Securities then Outstanding and affected thereby,
or in the case of any suit relating to or arising under clause 5.01(c) or
5.01(f) (if the suit under clause 5.01(c) or 5.01(f) relates to all the
Securities then

                                       36
<PAGE>

Outstanding), 5.01(d) or 5.01(e), 10% in aggregate principal amount of all
Securities then Outstanding, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for
the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security
on or after the due date expressed in such Security or any date fixed for
redemption.

                                    ARTICLE 6
                             CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

         Section 6.01. Duties and Responsibilities of the Trustee; During
Default; Prior to Default. With respect to the Holders of any series of
Securities issued hereunder, the Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of
Default with respect to the Securities of a particular series and after the
curing or waiving of all Events of Default which may have occurred with respect
to such series, undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are
specifically set forth in this Indenture. In case an Event of Default with
respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (which has not been cured or
waived) the Trustee shall exercise with respect to such series of Securities
such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same
degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or
use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.

         No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the
Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure
to act or its own willful misconduct, except that

         (a) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of any series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of
Default with respect to such series which may have occurred:

                  (i) the duties and obligations of the Trustee with respect to
         the Securities of any series shall be determined solely by the express
         provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable
         except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are
         specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or
         obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

                  (ii) in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee,
         the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements
         and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any
         statements, certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and
         conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of
         any such statements, certificates or opinions which by any provision
         hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the
         Trustee shall be under a duty to

                                       37
<PAGE>

         examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the
         requirements of this Indenture;

         (b) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in
good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee,
unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the
pertinent facts; and

         (c) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or
omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the
Holders pursuant to Section 5.09 relating to the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture.

         None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the
Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial
liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of
its rights or powers, if there shall be reasonable ground for believing that the
repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such liability is not
reasonably assured to it.

         The provisions of this Section 6.01 are in furtherance of and subject
to Section 315 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.

         Section 6.02. Certain Rights of the Trustee. In furtherance of and
subject to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, and subject to Section 6.01:

         (a) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining
from acting upon any resolution, Officer's Certificate or any other certificate,
statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond,
debenture, note, coupon, security or other paper or document believed by it to
be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

         (b) any request, direction, order or demand of the Issuer mentioned
herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Officer's Certificate (unless other
evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed); and any
resolution of the Board of Directors may be evidenced to the Trustee by a copy
thereof certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Issuer;

         (c) the Trustee may consult with counsel and any written advice or any
Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in
respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it hereunder in
good faith and in reliance thereon in accordance with such advice or Opinion of
Counsel;

                                       38
<PAGE>

         (d) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
trusts or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or
direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this
Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee
reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities
which might be incurred therein or thereby;

         (e) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted by
it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion,
rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

         (f) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default hereunder and after
the curing or waiving of all Events of Default, the Trustee shall not be bound
to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution,
certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent,
order, approval, appraisal, bond, debenture, note, coupon, security, or other
paper or document unless requested in writing so to do by the Holders of not
less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of all
series affected then Outstanding; provided that, if the payment within a
reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to
be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the
Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by
the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity
against such expenses or liabilities as a condition to proceeding; the
reasonable expenses of every such investigation shall be paid by the Issuer or,
if paid by the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee, shall be repaid by the Issuer
upon demand; and

         (g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys not regularly in its employ and the Trustee shall not be responsible
for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent or attorney
appointed with due care by it hereunder.

         Section 6.03. Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals, Disposition of
Securities or Application of Proceeds Thereof. The recitals contained herein and
in the Securities, except the Trustee's certificates of authentication, shall be
taken as the statements of the Issuer, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility
for the correctness of the same. The Trustee makes no representation as to the
validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities or Coupons. The
Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Issuer of any
of the Securities or of the proceeds thereof.

         Section 6.04. Trustee and Agents May Hold Securities or Coupons;
Collections, etc. The Trustee or any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee, in its
individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities

                                       39
<PAGE>

or Coupons with the same rights it would have if it were not the Trustee or such
agent and may otherwise deal with the Issuer and receive, collect, hold and
retain collections from the Issuer with the same rights it would have if it were
not the Trustee or such agent.

         Section 6.05. Moneys Held by Trustee. Subject to the provisions of
Section 10.04 hereof, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or

applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they
were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent
required by mandatory provisions of law. Neither the Trustee nor any agent of
the Issuer or the Trustee shall be under any liability for interest on any
moneys received by it hereunder.

         Section 6.06. Compensation and Indemnification of Trustee and Its Prior
Claim. The Issuer covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee from time to time,
and the Trustee shall be entitled to, reasonable compensation (which shall not
be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of
an express trust) and the Issuer covenants and agrees to pay or reimburse the
Trustee and each predecessor Trustee upon its request for all reasonable
expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by or on behalf of it in
accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the
reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of
all agents and other Persons not regularly in its employ) except any such
expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith.
The Issuer also covenants to indemnify the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee
for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred
without negligence or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection
with the acceptance or administration of this Indenture or the trusts hereunder
and its duties hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself
against or investigating any claim of liability in the premises. The obligations
of the Issuer under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and
each predecessor Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee and each
predecessor Trustee for expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute
additional indebtedness hereunder and shall survive the satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture. Such additional indebtedness shall be a senior
claim to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by
the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the Holders
of particular Securities or Coupons, and the Securities are hereby subordinated
to such senior claim.

         Section 6.07. Right of Trustee to Rely on Officer's Certificate, etc.
Subject to Sections 6.01 and 6.02, whenever in the administration of the trusts
of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it necessary or desirable that a matter
be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting any action
hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein
specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the
part of the

                                       40
<PAGE>

Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officer's
Certificate delivered to the Trustee, and such certificate, in the absence of
negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the
Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it under the provisions of
this Indenture upon the faith thereof.

         Section 6.08. Indentures Not Creating Potential Conflicting Interests
for the Trustee. The following indentures are hereby specifically described for
the purposes of excluding such indentures and this Indenture with respect to
Securities of any other series from the operation of Section 310(b)(1) of the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939: the Indenture dated June 15, 1988 between the
Issuer and JPMorgan Chase Bank (formerly known as Chemical Bank), Trustee
relating to $100,000,000 principal amount of Debentures due 2008, the Amended
and Restated Senior Indenture dated as of May 1, 1999, between the Issuer and
JPMorgan Chase Bank (formerly known as The Chase Manhattan Bank), Trustee, the
Senior Indenture dated as of May 15, 1999, between the Issuer and JPMorgan Chase
Bank (formerly known as The Chase Manhattan Bank), Trustee, and this Indenture
with respect to the Securities of any other series.

         Section 6.09. Persons Eligible for Appointment as Trustee. The Trustee
for each series of Securities hereunder shall at all times be a corporation
organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or
of any State or the District of Columbia having a combined capital and surplus
of at least $5,000,000, and which is authorized under such laws to exercise
corporate trust powers and is subject to supervision or examination by Federal,
State or District of Columbia authority. Such corporation shall have its
principal place of business in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York if
there be such a corporation in such location willing to act upon reasonable and
customary terms and conditions. If such corporation publishes reports of
condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the
aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this
Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to
be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of
condition so published. In case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be
eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall
resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 6.10.

         The provisions of this Section 6.09 are in furtherance of and subject
to Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.

         Section 6.10. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor
Trustee. (a) The Trustee, or any trustee or trustees hereafter appointed, may at
any time resign with respect to one or more or all series of Securities by
giving written notice of resignation to the Issuer and (i) if any Unregistered
Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, by giving notice of such
resignation to the

                                       41
<PAGE>

Holders thereof (A) by mail to such Holders who have filed their names and
addresses with the Trustee within the two years preceding the notice at such
addresses as were so furnished to the Trustee and (B) either through the
customary notice provisions of the clearing system or systems through which
beneficial interests in such Unregistered Securities are owned if such
Unregistered Securities are held only in global form or by publication at least
once in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New
York, and at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in London (and, if required
by Section 3.07, at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg), and
(ii) if any Registered Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, by
mailing notice of such resignation to the Holders of then Outstanding Registered
Securities of each series affected at their addresses as they shall appear on
the registry books. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Issuer shall
promptly appoint a successor trustee or trustees with respect to the applicable
series by written instrument in duplicate, executed by authority of the Board of
Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning
Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee or trustees. If no successor
trustee shall have been so appointed with respect to any series and have
accepted appointment within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of
resignation, the resigning trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee, or any Securityholder
who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security or Securities of the applicable
series for at least six months may, subject to the provisions of Section 5.12,
on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court
for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon, after such
notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor
trustee.

         (b) In case at any time any of the following shall occur:

                  (i) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of
         Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 with respect to any
         series of Securities after written request therefor by the Issuer or by
         any Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security or
         Securities of such series for at least six months; or

                  (ii) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with
         the provisions of Section 6.09 and Section 310(a) of the Trust
         Indenture Act of 1939 and shall fail to resign after written request
         therefor by the Issuer or by any Securityholder; or

                  (iii) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting with
         respect to any series of Securities, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or
         insolvent, or a receiver or liquidator of the Trustee or of its
         property shall be appointed, or any public officer shall take charge or
         control of the Trustee or of its

                                       42
<PAGE>

         property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or
         liquidation;

then, in any such case, the Issuer may remove the Trustee with respect to the
applicable series of Securities and appoint a successor trustee for such series
by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors
of the Issuer, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so
removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or, subject to the provisions of
Section 315(e) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, any Securityholder who has
been a bona fide Holder of a Security or Securities of such series for at least
six months may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition
any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the
appointment of a successor trustee with respect to such series. Such court may
thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe,
remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.

         (c) The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of each series at the time outstanding may at any time remove the
Trustee with respect to Securities of such series and appoint a successor
trustee with respect to the Securities of such series by delivering to the
Trustee so removed, to the successor trustee so appointed and to the Issuer the
evidence provided for in Section 7.01 of the action in that regard taken by the
Securityholders.

         (d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee with respect to any
series and any appointment of a successor trustee with respect to such series
pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section 6.10 shall become effective
upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section
6.11.

         Section 6.11. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor Trustee. Any
successor trustee appointed as provided in Section 6.10 shall execute and
deliver to the Issuer and to its predecessor trustee an instrument accepting
such appointment hereunder, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the
predecessor trustee with respect to all or any applicable series shall become
effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all rights, powers, duties and obligations
with respect to such series of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if
originally named as trustee for such series hereunder; but, nevertheless, on the
written request of the Issuer or of the successor trustee, upon payment of its
charges then unpaid, the trustee ceasing to act shall, subject to Section 10.04,
pay over to the successor trustee all moneys at the time held by it hereunder
and shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor
trustee all such rights, powers, duties and obligations. Upon request of any
such successor trustee, the Issuer shall execute any and all instruments in
writing for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor
trustee all such rights and powers. Any trustee

                                       43
<PAGE>

ceasing to act shall, nevertheless, retain a prior claim upon all property or
funds held or collected by such trustee to secure any amounts then due it
pursuant to the provisions of Section 6.06.

         If a successor trustee is appointed with respect to the Securities of
one or more (but not all) series, the Issuer, the predecessor trustee and each
successor trustee with respect to the Securities of any applicable series shall
execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto which shall contain such
provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the predecessor trustee with respect to the
Securities of any series as to which the predecessor trustee is not retiring
shall continue to be vested in the predecessor trustee, and shall add to or
change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide
for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one
Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental
indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that
each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts under separate
indentures.

         No successor trustee with respect to any series of Securities shall
accept appointment as provided in this Section 6.11 unless at the time of such
acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified under Section 310(b) of the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and eligible under the provisions of Section 6.09.

         Upon acceptance of appointment by any successor trustee as provided in
this Section 6.11, the Issuer shall give notice thereof (i) if any Unregistered
Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, to the Holders thereof,
(A) by mail to such Holders who have filed their names and addresses with the
Trustee within the two years preceding the notice at such addresses as were so
furnished to the Trustee and (B) either through the customary notice provisions
of the clearing system or systems through which beneficial interests in such
Unregistered Securities are owned if such Unregistered Securities are held only
in global form or by publication at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in the
Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York and at least once in an Authorized
Newspaper in London (and, if required by Section 3.07, at least once in an
Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg), and (ii) if any Registered Securities of a
series affected are then Outstanding, by mailing notice to the Holders of then
Outstanding Registered Securities of each series affected at their addresses as
they shall appear on the registry books. If the acceptance of appointment is
substantially contemporaneous with the resignation, then the notice called for
by the preceding sentence may be combined with the notice called for by Section
6.10. If the Issuer fails to give such notice within ten days after acceptance
of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such
notice to be given at the expense of the Issuer.

                                       44
<PAGE>

         Section 6.12. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to
Business of Trustee. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a
party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the
corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee
hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under Section
310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and eligible under the provisions of
Section 6.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on
the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary
notwithstanding.

         In case at the time such successor to the Trustee shall succeed to the
trusts created by this Indenture any of the Securities of any series shall have
been authenticated but not delivered, any such successor to the Trustee may
adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor Trustee and deliver
such Securities so authenticated; and, in case at that time any of the
Securities of any series shall not have been authenticated, any successor to the
Trustee may authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor
hereunder or in the name of the successor Trustee; and in all such cases such
certificate shall have the full force which it is anywhere in the Securities of
such series or in this Indenture provided that the certificate of the Trustee
shall have; provided, that the right to adopt the certificate of authentication
of any predecessor Trustee or to authenticate Securities of any series in the
name of any predecessor Trustee shall apply only to its successor or successors
by merger, conversion or consolidation.

         Section 6.13. Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Issuer.

         This Section intentionally left blank.

         Section 6.14. Appointment of Authenticating Agent. As long as any
Securities of a series remain Outstanding, the Trustee may, by an instrument in
writing, appoint with the approval of the Issuer an authenticating agent (the
"Authenticating Agent") which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the
Trustee to authenticate Securities, including Securities issued upon exchange,
registration of transfer, partial redemption or pursuant to Section 2.09.
Securities of each such series authenticated by such Authenticating Agent shall
be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory
for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee. Whenever reference is made
in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities of any series
by the Trustee or to the Trustee's Certificate of Authentication, such reference
shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee
by an Authenticating Agent for such series and a Certificate of Authentication
executed on behalf of the Trustee by such Authenticating Agent. Such
Authenticating Agent shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing
business under the laws of the United States of America or of any State,
authorized under such laws to exercise

                                       45
<PAGE>

corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus of at least
$5,000,000 (determined as provided in Section 6.09 with respect to the Trustee)
and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authority.

         Any corporation into which any Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted, or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which any Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency business
of any Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be the Authenticating Agent with
respect to all series of Securities for which it served as Authenticating Agent
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
the Trustee or such Authenticating Agent. Any Authenticating Agent may at any
time, and if it shall cease to be eligible shall, resign by giving written
notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Issuer.

         Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination,
or in case at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section 6.14 with respect to one or more
series of Securities, the Trustee shall upon receipt of an Issuer Order appoint
a successor Authenticating Agent and the Issuer shall provide notice of such
appointment to all Holders of Securities of such series in the manner and to the
extent provided in Section 11.04. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon
acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all rights,
powers, duties and responsibilities of its predecessor hereunder, with like
effect as if originally named as Authenticating Agent. The Issuer agrees to pay
to the Authenticating Agent for such series from time to time reasonable
compensation. The Authenticating Agent for the Securities of any series shall
have no responsibility or liability for any action taken by it as such at the
direction of the Trustee.

         Sections 6.02, 6.03, 6.04, 6.06, 6.09 and 7.03 shall be applicable to
any Authenticating Agent.

                                    ARTICLE 7
                         CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS

         Section 7.01. Evidence of Action Taken by Securityholders. Any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action
provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by a specified percentage in
principal amount of the Securityholders of any or all series may be embodied in
and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed
by such specified percentage of Securityholders in person or by agent duly
appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such
action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered
to the

                                       46
<PAGE>

Trustee. Proof of execution of any instrument or of a writing appointing any
such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to
Sections 6.01 and 6.02) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Issuer, if
made in the manner provided in this Article.

         Section 7.02. Proof of Execution of Instruments and of Holding of
Securities. Subject to Sections 6.01 and 6.02, the execution of any instrument
by a Securityholder or his agent or proxy may be proved in the following manner:

         (a) The fact and date of the execution by any Holder of any instrument
may be proved by the certificate of any notary public or other officer of any
jurisdiction authorized to take acknowledgments of deeds or administer oaths
that the person executing such instruments acknowledged to him the execution
thereof, or by an affidavit of a witness to such execution sworn to before any
such notary or other such officer. Where such execution is by or on behalf of
any legal entity other than an individual, such certificate or affidavit shall
also constitute sufficient proof of the authority of the person executing the
same. The fact of the holding by any Holder of an Unregistered Security of any
series, and the identifying number of such Security and the date of his holding
the same, may be proved by the production of such Security or by a certificate
executed by any trust company, bank, banker or recognized securities dealer
wherever situated satisfactory to the Trustee, if such certificate shall be
deemed by the Trustee to be satisfactory. Each such certificate shall be dated
and shall state that on the date thereof a Security of such series bearing a
specified identifying number was deposited with or exhibited to such trust
company, bank, banker or recognized securities dealer by the Person named in
such certificate. Any such certificate may be issued in respect of one or more
Unregistered Securities of one or more series specified therein. The holding by
the Person named in any such certificate of any Unregistered Securities of any
series specified therein shall be presumed to continue for a period of one year
from the date of such certificate unless at the time of any determination of
such holding (1) another certificate bearing a later date issued in respect of
the same Securities shall be produced, or (2) the Security of such series
specified in such certificate shall be produced by some other Person, or (3) the
Security of such series specified in such certificate shall have ceased to be
Outstanding. Subject to Sections 6.01 and 6.02, the fact and date of the
execution of any such instrument and the amount and numbers of Securities of any
series held by the Person so executing such instrument and the amount and
numbers of any Security or Securities for such series may also be proven in
accordance with such reasonable rules and regulations as may be prescribed by
the Trustee for such series or in any other manner which the Trustee for such
series may deem sufficient.

         (b) In the case of Registered Securities, the ownership of such
Securities shall be proved by the Security register or by a certificate of the
Security registrar.

                                       47
<PAGE>

         The Issuer may set a record date for purposes of determining the
identity of Holders of Registered Securities of any series entitled to vote or
consent to any action referred to in Section 7.01, which record date may be set
at any time or from time to time by notice to the Trustee, for any date or dates
(in the case of any adjournment or reconsideration) not more than 60 days nor
less than five days prior to the proposed date of such vote or consent, and
thereafter, notwithstanding any other provisions hereof, with respect to
Registered Securities of any series, only Holders of Registered Securities of
such series of record on such record date shall be entitled to so vote or give
such consent or revoke such vote or consent.

         Section 7.03. Holders to Be Treated as Owners. The Issuer, the Trustee
and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee may deem and treat the Person in
whose name any Security shall be registered upon the Security register for such
series as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security
shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing
thereon) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal
of and, subject to the provisions of this Indenture, interest on such Security
and for all other purposes; and neither the Issuer nor the Trustee nor any agent
of the Issuer or the Trustee shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.
The Issuer, the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee may treat the
Holder of any Unregistered Security and the Holder of any Coupon as the absolute
owner of such Unregistered Security or Coupon (whether or not such Unregistered
Security or Coupon shall be overdue) for the purpose of receiving payment
thereof or on account thereof and for all other purposes and neither the Issuer,
the Trustee, nor any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee shall be affected by any
notice to the contrary. All such payments so made to any such Person, or upon
his order, shall be valid, and, to the extent of the sum or sums so paid,
effectual to satisfy and discharge the liability for moneys payable upon any
such Unregistered Security or Coupon.

         Section 7.04. Securities Owned by Issuer Deemed Not Outstanding. In
determining whether the Holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of
Outstanding Securities of any or all series have concurred in any direction,
consent or waiver under this Indenture, Securities which are owned by the Issuer
or any other obligor on the Securities with respect to which such determination
is being made or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled
by or under direct or indirect common control with the Issuer or any other
obligor on the Securities with respect to which such determination is being made
shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any
such determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether the
Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver
only Securities which the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.
Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as
Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the
pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee
is not

                                       48
<PAGE>

the Issuer or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with the Issuer or any other obligor on the Securities. In case of a
dispute as to such right, the advice of counsel shall be full protection in
respect of any decision made by the Trustee in accordance with such advice. Upon
request of the Trustee, the Issuer shall furnish to the Trustee promptly an
Officer's Certificate listing and identifying all Securities, if any, known by
the Issuer to be owned or held by or for the account of any of the
above-described Persons; and, subject to Sections 6.01 and 6.02, the Trustee
shall be entitled to accept such Officer's Certificate as conclusive evidence of
the facts therein set forth and of the fact that all Securities not listed
therein are Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination.

         Section 7.05. Right of Revocation of Action Taken. At any time prior to
(but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 7.01, of
the taking of any action by the Holders of the percentage in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of any or all series, as the case may be, specified in
this Indenture in connection with such action, any Holder of a Security the
serial number of which is shown by the evidence to be included among the serial
numbers of the Securities the Holders of which have consented to such action
may, by filing written notice at the Corporate Trust Office and upon proof of
holding as provided in this Article, revoke such action so far as concerns such
Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the Holder of any
Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future
Holders and owners of such Security and of any Securities issued in exchange or
substitution therefor or on registration of transfer thereof, irrespective of
whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon any such Security.
Any action taken by the Holders of the percentage in aggregate principal amount
of the Securities of any or all series, as the case may be, specified in this
Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the
Issuer, the Trustee and the Holders of all the Securities affected by such
action.

                                    ARTICLE 8
                            SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

         Section 8.01. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of
Securityholders. The Issuer, when authorized by a resolution of its Board of
Directors (which resolution may provide general terms or parameters for such
action and may provide that the specific terms of such action may be determined
in accordance with or pursuant to an Issuer Order), and the Trustee may from
time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental
hereto for one or more of the following purposes:

         (a) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge to the Trustee as
security for the Securities of one or more series any property or assets;

                                       49
<PAGE>

        (b) to evidence the succession of another corporation to the Issuer, or
successive successions, and the assumption by the successor corporation of the
covenants, agreements and obligations of the Issuer pursuant to Article 9;

         (c) to add to the covenants of the Issuer such further covenants,
restrictions, conditions or provisions as the Issuer and the Trustee shall
consider to be for the protection of the Holders of Securities or Coupons, and
to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a default in any
such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of
Default permitting the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies
provided in this Indenture as herein set forth; provided, that in respect of any
such additional covenant, restriction, condition or provision such supplemental
indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default (which
period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of other defaults)
or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such an Event of Default or may
limit the remedies available to the Trustee upon such an Event of Default or may
limit the right of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of such series to waive such an Event of Default;

         (d) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision
contained herein or in any supplemental indenture which may be defective or
inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in any supplemental
indenture, or to make any other provisions as the Issuer may deem necessary or
desirable, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the interests of
the Holders of the Securities or Coupons;

         (e) to establish the forms or terms of Securities of any series or of
the Coupons appertaining to such Securities as permitted by Sections 2.01 and
2.03; and

         (f) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder
by a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and
to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section
6.11.

         The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Issuer in the
execution of any such supplemental indenture, to make any further appropriate
agreements and stipulations which may be therein contained and to accept the
conveyance, transfer, assignment, mortgage or pledge of any property thereunder,
but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental
indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under
this Indenture or otherwise.

                                       50
<PAGE>

         Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section
may be executed without the consent of the Holders of any of the Securities at
the time outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 8.02.

         Section 8.02. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Securityholders.
With the consent (evidenced as provided in Article 7) of the Holders of not less
than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time
Outstanding of all series affected by such supplemental indenture (voting as one
class), the Issuer, when authorized by a resolution of its Board of Directors

(which resolution may provide general terms or parameters for such action and
may provide that the specific terms of such action may be determined in
accordance with or pursuant to an Issuer Order), and the Trustee may, from time
to time and at any time, enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental
hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or
eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental
indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of the
Securities of each such series or of the Coupons appertaining to such
Securities; provided, that no such supplemental indenture shall (a) (i) extend
the final maturity of any Security, (ii) reduce the principal amount thereof,
(iii) reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, (iv)
reduce any amount payable on redemption thereof, (v) make the principal thereof
(including any amount in respect of original issue discount), or interest
thereon payable in any coin or currency other than that provided in the
Securities and Coupons or in accordance with the terms thereof, (vi) modify or
amend any provisions for converting any currency into any other currency as
provided in the Securities or Coupons or in accordance with the terms thereof,
(vii) reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security
that would be due and payable upon an acceleration of the maturity thereof
pursuant to Section 5.01 or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant
to Section 5.02, (viii) modify or amend any provisions relating to the
conversion or exchange of the Securities or Coupons for securities of the Issuer
or of other entities or other property (or the cash value thereof), including
the determination of the amount of securities or other property (or cash) into
which the Securities shall be converted or exchanged, other than as provided in
the antidilution provisions or other similar adjustment provisions of the
Securities or Coupons or otherwise in accordance with the terms thereof, (ix)
alter the provisions of Section 11.11 or 11.12 or impair or affect the right of
any Securityholder to institute suit for the payment thereof or, if the
Securities provide therefor, any right of repayment at the option of the
Securityholder, in each case without the consent of the Holder of each Security
so affected, or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities of any series,
the consent of the Holders of which is required for any such supplemental
indenture, without the consent of the Holders of each Security so affected.

         A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or
other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for
the

                                       51
<PAGE>

benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the
rights of Holders of Securities of such series, or of Coupons appertaining to
such Securities, with respect to such covenant or provision, shall be deemed not
to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any
other series or of the Coupons appertaining to such Securities.

         Upon the request of the Issuer, accompanied by a copy of a resolution
of the Board of Directors (which resolution may provide general terms or
parameters for such action and may provide that the specific terms of such
action may be determined in accordance with or pursuant to an Issuer Order)
certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Issuer authorizing
the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the
Trustee of evidence of the consent of the Holders of the Securities as aforesaid
and other documents, if any, required by Section 7.01, the Trustee shall join
with the Issuer in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such
supplemental indenture affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities
under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its
discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such supplemental
indenture.

         It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders under
this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental
indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the
substance thereof.

         Promptly after the execution by the Issuer and the Trustee of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee
shall give notice thereof (i) if any Unregistered Securities of a series
affected are then Outstanding, to the Holders thereof, (A) by mail to such
Holders who have filed their names and addresses with the Trustee within the two
years preceding the notice at such addresses as were so furnished to the Trustee
and (B) either through the customary notice provisions of the clearing system or
systems through which beneficial interests in such Unregistered Securities are
owned if such Unregistered Securities are held only in global form or by
publication at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of
Manhattan, The City of New York, and at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in
London (and, if required by Section 3.07, at least once in an Authorized
Newspaper in Luxembourg), (ii) if any Registered Securities of a series affected
are then Outstanding, by mailing notice thereof by first class mail to the
Holders of then Outstanding Registered Securities of each series affected at
their addresses as they shall appear on the registry books, and in each case
such notice shall set forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental
indenture. Any failure of the Issuer to give such notice, or any defect therein,
shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such
supplemental indenture.

         Section 8.03. Effect of Supplemental Indenture. Upon the execution of
any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions hereof, this Indenture
shall

                                       52
<PAGE>

be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the
respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities
under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Issuer and the Holders of Securities of
each series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined, exercised and
enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments,
and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and
be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and
all purposes.

         Section 8.04. Documents to Be Given to Trustee. The Trustee, subject to
the provisions of Sections 6.01 and 6.02, may receive an Officer's Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture
executed pursuant to this Article 8 complies with the applicable provisions of
this Indenture.

         Section 8.05. Notation on Securities in Respect of Supplemental
Indentures. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this
Article may bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee for such series as
to any matter provided for by such supplemental indenture or as to any action
taken by Securityholders. If the Issuer or the Trustee shall so determine, new
Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the
Trustee and the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture
contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Issuer,
authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Securities of
such series then Outstanding.

                                    ARTICLE 9
                    CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE OR CONVEYANCE

         Section 9.01. Covenant Not to Merge, Consolidate, Sell or Convey
Property Except Under Certain Conditions. The Issuer covenants that it will not
merge or consolidate with any other Person or sell, lease or convey all or
substantially all of its assets toany other Person, unless (i) either the Issuer
shall be the continuing corporation, or the successor corporation or the Person
which acquires by sale, lease or conveyance substantially all the assets of the
Issuer (if other than the Issuer) shall be a corporation organized under the
laws of the United States of America or any State thereof or the District of
Columbia and shall expressly assume the due and punctual payment of the
principal of and interest on all the Securities and Coupons, if any, according
to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all of
the covenants and conditions of this Indenture to be performed or observed by
the Issuer, by supplemental indenture satisfactory to the Trustee, executed and
delivered to the Trustee by such corporation, and (ii) the Issuer, such Person
or such successor

                                       53
<PAGE>

corporation, as the case may be, shall not, immediately after such merger or
consolidation, or such sale, lease or conveyance, be in default in the
performance of any such covenant or condition.

         Section 9.02. Successor Corporation Substituted. In case of any such
consolidation, merger, sale, lease or conveyance, and following such an
assumption by the successor corporation, such successor corporation shall
succeed to and be substituted for the Issuer, with the same effect as if it had
been named herein. Such successor corporation may cause to be signed, and may
issue either in its own name or in the name of the Issuer prior to such
succession any or all of the Securities issuable hereunder which together with
any Coupons appertaining thereto theretofore shall not have been signed by the
Issuer and delivered to the Trustee; and, upon the order of such successor
corporation, instead of the Issuer, and subject to all the terms, conditions and
limitations in this Indenture prescribed, the Trustee shall authenticate and
shall deliver any Securities together with any Coupons appertaining thereto
which previously shall have been signed and delivered by the officers of the
Issuer to the Trustee for authentication, and any Securities which such
successor corporation thereafter shall cause to be signed and delivered to the
Trustee for that purpose. All of the Securities so issued together with any
Coupons appertaining thereto shall in all respects have the same legal rank and
benefit under this Indenture as the Securities theretofore or thereafter issued
in accordance with the terms of this Indenture as though all of such Securities
had been issued at the date of the execution hereof.

         In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, lease or conveyance
such changes in phrasing and form (but not in substance) may be made in the
Securities and Coupons thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.

         In the event of any such sale or conveyance (other than a conveyance by
way of lease) the Issuer or any successor corporation which shall theretofore
have become such in the manner described in this Article shall be discharged
from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities and
may be liquidated and dissolved.

         Section 9.03. Opinion of Counsel Delivered to Trustee. The Trustee,
subject to the provisions of Sections 6.01 and 6.02, may receive an Opinion of
Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger, sale, lease
or conveyance, and any such assumption, and any such liquidation or dissolution,
complies with the applicable provisions of this Indenture.

                                       54
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE 10
            SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE; UNCLAIMED MONEYS

         Section 10.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. (a) If at any
time (i) the Issuer shall have paid or caused to be paid the principal of and
interest on all the Securities of any series Outstanding hereunder and all
unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto (other than Securities of such series and
Coupons appertaining thereto which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which
have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.09) as and when the same
shall have become due and payable, or (ii) the Issuer shall have delivered to
the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of any series theretofore
authenticated and all unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto (other than any
Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto which shall have been
destroyed, lost or stolen and which shall have been replaced or paid as provided
in Section 2.09) or (iii) in the case of any series of Securities where the
exact amount (including the currency of payment) of principal of and interest
due on which can be determined at the time of making the deposit referred to in
clause (B) below, (A) all the Securities of such series and all unmatured
Coupons appertaining thereto not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become
due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within one
year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of
redemption, and (B) the Issuer shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be
deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in cash (other than
moneys repaid by the Trustee or any paying agent to the Issuer in accordance
with Section 10.04) or, in the case of any series of Securities the payments on
which may only be made in Dollars, direct obligations of the United States of
America, backed by its full faith and credit ("U.S. Government Obligations"),
maturing as to principal and interest at such times and in such amounts as will
insure the availability of cash, or a combination thereof, sufficient in the
opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay
(1) the principal and interest on all Securities of such series and Coupons
appertaining thereto on each date that such principal or interest is due and
payable and (2) any mandatory sinking fund payments on the dates on which such
payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and
the Securities of such series; and if, in any such case, the Issuer shall also
pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Issuer with
respect to the Securities of such series, then this Indenture shall cease to be
of further effect with respect to the Securities of such series and the Coupons
appertaining thereto (except as to (i) rights of registration of transfer and
exchange of Securities of such Series and of Coupons appertaining thereto and
the Issuer's right of optional redemption, if any, (ii) substitution of
mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or Coupons, (iii)
rights of holders of Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto to receive
payments of principal thereof and interest thereon,

                                       55
<PAGE>

upon the original stated due dates therefor (but not upon acceleration), and
remaining rights of the Holders to receive mandatory sinking fund payments, if
any, (iv) the rights, obligations, duties and immunities of the Trustee
hereunder, (v) the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series and
Coupons appertaining thereto as beneficiaries hereof with respect to the
property so deposited with the Trustee payable to all or any of them, and (vi)
the obligations of the Issuer under Section 3.02) and the Trustee, on demand of
the Issuer accompanied by an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel and
at the cost and expense of the Issuer, shall execute proper instruments
acknowledging such satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture as to such
series; provided, that the rights of Holders of the Securities and Coupons to
receive amounts in respect of principal of and interest on the Securities and
Coupons held by them shall not be delayed longer than required by
then-applicable mandatory rules or policies of any securities exchange upon
which the Securities are listed. The Issuer agrees to reimburse the Trustee for
any costs or expenses thereafter reasonably and properly incurred and to
compensate the Trustee for any services thereafter reasonably and properly
rendered by the Trustee in connection with this Indenture or the Securities of
such series.

         (b) The following provisions shall apply to the Securities of each
series unless specifically otherwise provided in a Board Resolution, Officer's
Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto provided pursuant to Section 2.03.
In addition to discharge of the Indenture pursuant to the next preceding
paragraph, in the case of any series of Securities the exact amounts (including
the currency of payment) of principal of and interest due on which can be
determined at the time of making the deposit referred to in clause (i) below,
the Issuer shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness
on all the Securities of such a series and the Coupons appertaining thereto on
the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in clause (i) below, and
the provisions of this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series
and Coupons appertaining thereto shall no longer be in effect (except as to (1)
rights of registration of transfer and exchange of Securities of such series and
of Coupons appertaining thereto and the Issuer's right of optional redemption,
if any, (2) substitution of mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen
Securities or Coupons, (3)rights of Holders of Securities and Coupons
appertaining thereto to receive payments of principal thereof and interest
thereon, upon the original stated due dates therefor (but not upon
acceleration), and remaining rights of the Holders to receive mandatory sinking
fund payments, if any, (4) the rights, obligations, duties and immunities of the
Trustee hereunder, (5) the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series
and Coupons appertaining thereto as beneficiaries hereof with respect to the
property so deposited with the Trustee payable to all or any of them and (6) the
obligations of the Issuer under Section 3.02) and the Trustee, at the expense of
the Issuer, shall at the Issuer's request, execute proper instruments
acknowledging the same, if

                                       56
<PAGE>

                  (i) with reference to this provision the Issuer has
         irrevocably deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited with the
         Trustee as trust funds in trust, specifically pledged as security for,
         and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of the Securities
         of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto (A) cash in an amount,
         or (B) in the case of any series of Securities the payments on which
         may only be made in Dollars, U.S. Government Obligations, maturing as
         to principal and interest at such times and in such amounts as will
         insure the availability of cash or (C) a combination thereof,
         sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
         independent public accountants expressed in a written certification
         thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay (1) the principal and interest
         on all Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto on
         each date that such principal or interest is due and payable and (2)
         any mandatory sinking fund payments on the dates on which such payments
         are due and payable in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and
         the Securities of such series;

                  (ii) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of,
         or constitute a default under, any agreement or instrument to which the
         Issuer is a party or by which it is bound;

                  (iii) the Issuer has delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of
         Counsel based on the fact that (x) the Issuer has received from, or
         there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or
         (y) since the date hereof, there has been a change in the applicable
         Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and such
         opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such
         series and Coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain
         or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit,
         defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on
         the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times, as would
         have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not
         occurred; and

                  (iv) the Issuer has delivered to the Trustee an Officer's
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
         precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this
         provision have been complied with.

         (c) The Issuer shall be released from its obligations under Sections
3.06 and 9.01 with respect to the Securities of any Series, and any Coupons
appertaining thereto, Outstanding on and after the date the conditions set forth
below are satisfied (hereinafter, "covenant defeasance"). For this purpose, such
covenant defeasance means that, with respect to the Outstanding Securities of
any Series, the Issuer may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in
respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in such Sections, whether
directly or

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<PAGE>

indirectly by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to such Sections or by
reason of any reference in such Sections to any other provision herein or in any
other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute an Event of
Default under Section 5.01, but the remainder of this Indenture and such
Securities and Coupons shall be unaffected thereby. The following shall be the
conditions to application of this subsection (c) of this Section 10.01:

                  (i) The Issuer has irrevocably deposited or caused to be
         deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of
         making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for,
         and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the holders of the Securities
         of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto, (A) cash in an amount,
         or (B) in the case of any series of Securities the payments on which
         may only be made in Dollars, U.S. Government Obligations maturing as to
         principal and interest at such times and in such amounts as will insure
         the availability of cash or (C) a combination thereof, sufficient, in
         the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public
         accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to
         the Trustee, to pay (1) the principal and interest on all Securities of
         such series and Coupons appertaining thereto and (2) any mandatory
         sinking fund payments on the day on which such payments are due and
         payable in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and the
         Securities of such series.

                  (ii) No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse
         of time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to the
         Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such
         deposit or, insofar as subsections 5.01(d) and 5.01(e) are concerned,
         at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the date of
         such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be
         deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

                  (iii) Such covenant defeasance shall not cause the Trustee to
         have a conflicting interest for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act of
         1939 with respect to any securities of the Issuer.

                  (iv) Such covenant defeasance shall not result in a breach or
         violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any
         other agreement or instrument to which the Issuer is a party or by
         which it is bound.

                  (v) Such covenant defeasance shall not cause any Securities
         then listed on any registered national securities exchange under the
         Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to be delisted.

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<PAGE>

                  (vi) The Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officer's Certificate and Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the
         Holders of the Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining
         thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax
         purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to
         Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the
         same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had
         not occurred.

                  (vii) The Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
         conditions precedent provided for relating to the covenant defeasance
         contemplated by this provision have been complied with.

         Section 10.02. Application by Trustee of Funds Deposited for Payment of
Securities. Subject to Section 10.04, all moneys deposited with the Trustee (or
other trustee) pursuant to Section 10.01 shall be held in trust and applied by
it to the payment, either directly or through any paying agent (including the
Issuer acting as its own paying agent), to the Holders of the particular
Securities of such series and of Coupons appertaining thereto for the payment or
redemption of which such moneys have been deposited with the Trustee, of all
sums due and to become due thereon for principal and interest; but such money
need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

         Section 10.03. Repayment of Moneys Held by Paying Agent. In connection
with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to Securities
of any series, all moneys then held by any paying agent under the provisions of
this Indenture with respect to such series of Securities shall, upon demand of
the Issuer, be repaid to it or paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying
agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys.

         Section 10.04. Return of Moneys Held by Trustee and Paying Agent
Unclaimed for Two Years. Any moneys deposited with or paid to the Trustee or any
paying agent for the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of
any series or Coupons attached thereto and not applied but remaining unclaimed
for two years after the date upon which such principal or interest shall have
become due and payable, shall, upon the written request of the Issuer and unless
otherwise required by mandatory provisions of applicable escheat or abandoned or
unclaimed property law, be repaid to the Issuer by the Trustee for such series
or such paying agent, and the Holder of the Securities of such series and of any
Coupons appertaining thereto shall, unless otherwise required by mandatory
provisions of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property laws,
thereafter look only to the Issuer for any payment which such Holder may be
entitled to collect, and all liability of the Trustee or any paying agent with
respect to such moneys shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the
Trustee or such

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<PAGE>

paying agent, before being required to make any such repayment with respect to
moneys deposited with it for any payment (a) in respect of Registered Securities
of any series, shall at the expense of the Issuer, mail by first-class mail to
Holders of such Securities at their addresses as they shall appear on the
Security register, and (b) in respect of Unregistered Securities of any series,
shall at the expense of the Issuer either give through the customary notice
provisions of the clearing system or systems through which beneficial interests
in such Unregistered Securities are owned if such Unregistered Securities are
held only in global form or cause to be published once, in an Authorized
Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York and once in an
Authorized Newspaper in London (and if required by Section 3.07, once in an
Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg), notice, that such moneys remain and that,
after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than thirty days from
the date of such mailing or publication, any unclaimed balance of such money
then remaining will be repaid to the Issuer.

         Section 10.05. Indemnity for U.S. Government Obligations. The Issuer
shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed
on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to
Section 10.01 or the principal or interest received in respect of such
obligations.

                                   ARTICLE 11
                            MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

         Section 11.01. Incorporators, Stockholders, Officers and Directors of
Issuer Exempt from Individual Liability. No recourse under or upon any
obligation, covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture, or in any
Security, or because of any indebtedness evidenced thereby, shall be had against
any incorporator, as such or against any past, present or future stockholder,
officer or director, as such, of the Issuer or of any successor, either directly
or through the Issuer or any successor, under any rule of law, statute or
constitutional provision or by the enforcement of any assessment or by any legal
or equitable proceeding or otherwise, all such liability being expressly waived
and released by the acceptance of the Securities and the Coupons appertaining
thereto by the Holders thereof and as part of the consideration for the issue of
the Securities and the Coupons appertaining thereto.

         Section 11.02. Provisions of Indenture for the Sole Benefit of Parties
and Holders of Securities and Coupons. Nothing in this Indenture, in the
Securities or in the Coupons appertaining thereto, expressed or implied, shall
give or be construed to give to any person, firm or corporation, other than the
parties hereto and their successors and the Holders of the Securities or
Coupons, if any, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this
Indenture or under any covenant or provision herein contained, all such
covenants and provisions being

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<PAGE>

for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and their successors and of the
Holders of the Securities or Coupons, if any.

         Section 11.03. Successors and Assigns of Issuer Bound by Indenture. All
the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture contained
by or in behalf of the Issuer shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so
expressed or not.

         Section 11.04. Notices and Demands on Issuer, Trustee and Holders of
Securities and Coupons. Any notice or demand which by any provision of this
Indenture is required or permitted to be given or served by the Trustee or by
the Holders of Securities or Coupons to or on the Issuer may be given or served
by being deposited postage prepaid, first-class mail (except as otherwise
specifically provided herein) addressed (until another address of the Issuer is
filed by the Issuer with the Trustee) to Morgan Stanley, 1585 Broadway, New
York, New York 10036, Attention: Secretary. Any notice, direction, request or
demand by the Issuer or any Holder of Securities or Coupons to or upon the
Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or served by being
deposited postage prepaid, first-class mail (except as otherwise specifically
provided herein) addressed (until another address of the Trustee is filed by the
Trustee with the Issuer) to JPMorgan Chase Bank, 4 New York Plaza, New York, New
York 10004, Attention: Institutional Trust Services.

         Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of Registered
Securities, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein
expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to
each Holder entitled thereto, at his last address as it appears in the Security
register. In any case where notice to such Holders is given by mail, neither the
failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any
particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to
other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such
notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice,
either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of
such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but
such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action
taken in reliance upon such waiver.

         In case, by reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular
mail service, it shall be impracticable to mail notice to the Issuer when such
notice is required to be given pursuant to any provision of this Indenture, then
any manner of giving such notice as shall be reasonably satisfactory to the
Trustee shall be deemed to be a sufficient giving of such notice.

         Section 11.05. Officer's Certificates and Opinions of Counsel;
Statements to Be Contained Therein. Upon any application or demand by the Issuer
to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture,
the Issuer

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<PAGE>

shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate stating that all
conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed
action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the
opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with,
except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the
furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this
Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional
certificate or opinion need be furnished.

         Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and
delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant
provided for in this Indenture shall include (a) a statement that the person
making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition, (b) a
brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation
upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion
are based, (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such
examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an
informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been
complied with and (d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such
person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

         Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Issuer may
be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion
of or representations by counsel, unless such officer knows that the certificate
or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his
certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in
the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous. Any
certificate, statement or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates
to factual matters, information with respect to which is in the possession of
the Issuer, upon the certificate, statement or opinion of or representations by
an officer or officers of the Issuer, unless such counsel knows that the
certificate, statement or opinion or representations with respect to the matters
upon which his certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are
erroneous, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are
erroneous.

         Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Issuer or of
counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to accounting matters, upon a
certificate or opinion of or representations by an accountant or firm of
accountants in the employ of the Issuer, unless such officer or counsel, as the
case may be, knows that the certificate or opinion or representations with
respect to the accounting matters upon which his certificate, statement or
opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous.

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<PAGE>

         Any certificate or opinion of any independent firm of public
accountants filed with and directed to the Trustee shall contain a statement
that such firm is independent.

         Section 11.06. Payments Due on Saturdays, Sundays or Holidays. If the
date of maturity of interest on or principal of the Securities of any series or
any Coupons appertaining thereto or the date fixed for redemption or repayment
of any such Security or Coupon shall not be a Business Day, then payment of
interest or principal need not be made on such date, but may be made on the next
succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the date of
maturity or the date fixed for redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the
period after such date.

         Section 11.07. Conflict of Any Provision of Indenture with Trust
Indenture Act of 1939. If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture
limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by, or with another
provision (an "incorporated provision") included in this Indenture by operation
of, Sections 310 to 318, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, such
imposed duties or incorporated provision shall control.

         Section 11.08. New York Law to Govern. This Indenture and each Security
and Coupon shall be deemed to be a contract under the laws of the State of New
York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the laws of
such State, except as may otherwise be required by mandatory provisions of law.

         Section 11.09. Counterparts. This Indenture may be executed in any
number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original; but such
counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

         Section 11.10. Effect of Headings. The Article and Section headings
herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect
the construction hereof.

         Section 11.11. Securities in a Foreign Currency. Unless otherwise
specified in an Officer's Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.03 of this
Indenture with respect to a particular series of Securities, whenever for
purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified
percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all series or all
series affected by a particular action at the time Outstanding and, at such
time, there are Outstanding Securities of any series which are denominated in a
coin or currency other than Dollars, then the principal amount of Securities of
such series which shall be deemed to be Outstanding for the purpose of taking
such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such
amount at the Market Exchange Rate. For purposes of this Section 11.11, Market
Exchange Rate shall mean the

                                       63
<PAGE>

noon Dollar buying rate in New York City for cable transfers of that currency as
published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. If such Market Exchange Rate
is not available for any reason with respect to such currency, the Trustee shall
use, in its sole discretion and without liability on its part, such quotation of
the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as of the most recent available date, or
quotations from one or more major banks in The City of New York or in the
country of issue of the currency in question, or such other quotations as the
Trustee shall deem appropriate. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in
determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a series
denominated in a currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken
by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.

         All decisions and determinations of the Trustee regarding the Market
Exchange Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding
paragraph shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest
error, be conclusive to the extent permitted by law for all purposes and
irrevocably binding upon the Issuer and all Holders.

         Section 11.12. Judgment Currency. The Issuer agrees, to the fullest
extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the
purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum
due in respect of the principal of or interest on the Securities of any series
(the "Required Currency") into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered
(the "Judgment Currency"), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which
in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The
City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on
which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York
Banking Day, then, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the rate of
exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking
procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required
Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the
day on which final unappealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations
under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be
discharged or satisfied by any tender, or any recovery pursuant to any judgment
(whether or not entered in accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency
other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or
recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of
the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii)
shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the
purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such
actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so
expressed to be payable and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being
obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the
foregoing, "New York Banking Day" means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a
legal holiday in

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<PAGE>

The City of New York or a day on which banking institutions in The City of New
York are authorized or required by law or executive order to close.

                                   ARTICLE 12
                   REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUNDS

         Section 12.01. Applicability of Article. The provisions of this Article
shall be applicable to the Securities of any series which are redeemable before
their maturity or to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a
series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.03 for
Securities of such series.

         Section 12.02. Notice of Redemption; Partial Redemptions. Notice of
redemption to the Holders of Registered Securities of any series to be redeemed
as a whole or in part at the option of the Issuer shall be given by mailing
notice of such redemption by first class mail, postage prepaid, to such Holders
of Securities of such series at their last addresses as they shall appear upon
the registry books at least 30 days and not more than 60 days prior to the date
fixed for redemption, or within such other redemption notice period as has been
designated for any Securities of such series pursuant to Section 2.03 or 2.04
(the "Redemption Notice Period"). Notice of redemption to the Holders of
Unregistered Securities to be redeemed as a whole or in part, who have filed
their names and addresses with the Trustee within two years preceding such
notice of redemption, shall be given by mailing notice of such redemption, by
first class mail, postage prepaid, at least 30 and not more than 60 days prior
to the date fixed for redemption or within any applicable Redemption Notice
Period to such Holders at such addresses as were so furnished to the Trustee
(and, in the case of any such notice given by the Issuer, the Trustee shall make
such information available to the Issuer for such purpose). Notice of redemption
to all other Holders of Unregistered Securities shall be published in an
Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York and in an
Authorized Newspaper in London (and, if required by Section 3.07, in an
Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg), in each case, once in each of three
successive calendar weeks, the first publication to be not less than 30 nor more
than 60 days prior to the date fixed for redemption or within any applicable
Redemption Notice Period; provided that notice to Holders of Unregistered
Securities held only in global form may be made, at the option of the Issuer,
through the customary notice provisions of the clearing system or systems
through which beneficial interests in such Unregistered Securities are owned.
Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively
presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the Holder receives the notice.
Failure to give notice by mail, or any defect in the notice to the Holder of any
Security of a series designated for

                                       65
<PAGE>

redemption as a whole or in part shall not affect the validity of the
proceedings for the redemption of any other Security of such series.

         The notice of redemption to each such Holder shall specify, the
principal amount of each Security of such series held by such Holder to be
redeemed, the date fixed for redemption, the redemption price (or if not then
ascertainable, the manner of calculation thereof), the place or places of
payment, that payment will be made upon presentation and surrender of such
Securities and, in the case of Securities with Coupons attached thereto, of all
Coupons appertaining thereto maturing after the date fixed for redemption, that
such redemption is pursuant to the mandatory or optional sinking fund, or both,
if such be the case, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will
be paid as specified in such notice and that on and after said date interest
thereon or on the portions thereof to be redeemed will cease to accrue. In case
any Security of a series is to be redeemed in part only the notice of redemption
shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed and shall
state that on and after the date fixed for redemption, upon surrender of such
Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal
to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.

         The notice of redemption of Securities of any series to be redeemed at
the option of the Issuer shall be given by the Issuer or, at the Issuer's
request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Issuer.

         On or before the redemption date specified in the notice of redemption
given as provided in this Section, the Issuer will deposit with the Trustee or
with one or more paying agents (or, if the Issuer is acting as its own paying
agent, set aside, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 3.04) an
amount of money or other property sufficient to redeem on the redemption date
all the Securities of such series so called for redemption at the appropriate
redemption price, together with accrued interest to the date fixed for
redemption. The Issuer will deliver to the Trustee at least 70 days prior to the
date fixed for redemption or at least 10 days prior to the first day of any
applicable Redemption Notice Period an Officer's Certificate stating the
aggregate principal amount of Securities to be redeemed. In case of a redemption
at the election of the Issuer prior to the expiration of any restriction on such
redemption, the Issuer shall deliver to the Trustee, prior to the giving of any
notice of redemption to Holders pursuant to this Section, an Officer's
Certificate stating that such restriction has been complied with.

         If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the
Trustee shall select, in such manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair,
Securities of such Series to be redeemed in whole or in part. Securities may be
redeemed in part in multiples equal to the minimum authorized denomination for
Securities of such series or any multiple thereof. The Trustee shall promptly
notify the Issuer in writing of the Securities of such series selected for
redemption and, in the case of

                                       66
<PAGE>

any Securities of such series selected for partial redemption, the principal
amount thereof to be redeemed. For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the
context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of
Securities of any series shall relate, in the case of any Security redeemed or
to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such
Security which has been or is to be redeemed.

         Section 12.03. Payment of Securities Called for Redemption. If notice
of redemption has been given as above provided, the Securities or portions of
Securities specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and
at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together
with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption, and on and after said
date (unless the Issuer shall default in the payment of such Securities at the
redemption price, together with interest accrued to said date) interest on the
Securities or portions of Securities so called for redemption shall cease to
accrue, and the unmatured Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto shall be void,
and, except as provided in Sections 6.05 and 10.04, such Securities shall cease
from and after the date fixed for redemption to be entitled to any benefit or
security under this Indenture, and the Holders thereof shall have no right in
respect of such Securities except the right to receive the redemption price
thereof and unpaid interest to the date fixed for redemption. On presentation
and surrender of such Securities at a place of payment specified in said notice,
together with all Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto maturing after the date
fixed for redemption, said Securities or the specified portions thereof shall be
paid and redeemed by the Issuer at the applicable redemption price, together
with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption; provided that
payment of interest becoming due on or prior to the date fixed for redemption
shall be payable in the case of Securities with Coupons attached thereto, to the
Holders of the Coupons for such interest upon surrender thereof, and in the case
of Registered Securities, to the Holders of such Registered Securities
registered as such on the relevant record date subject to the terms and
provisions of Sections 2.03 and 2.07 hereof.

         If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal shall, until paid or duly
provided for, bear interest from the date fixed for redemption at the rate of
interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of an Original Issue Discount
Security) borne by such Security.

         If any Security with Coupons attached thereto is surrendered for
redemption and is not accompanied by all appurtenant Coupons maturing after the
date fixed for redemption, the surrender of such missing Coupon or Coupons may
be waived by the Issuer and the Trustee, if there be furnished to each of them
such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them harmless.

                                       67
<PAGE>

         Upon presentation of any Security redeemed in part only, the Issuer
shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to or on the order
of the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Issuer, a new Security or
Securities of such series, of authorized denominations, in principal amount
equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.

         Section 12.04. Exclusion of Certain Securities from Eligibility for
Selection for Redemption. Securities shall be excluded from eligibility for
selection for redemption if they are identified by registration and certificate
number in an Officer's Certificate delivered to the Trustee at least 40 days
prior to the last date on which notice of redemption may be given as being owned
of record and beneficially by, and not pledged or hypothecated by either (a) the
Issuer or (b) an entity specifically identified in such written statement as
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect
common control with the Issuer.

         Section 12.05. Mandatory and Optional Sinking Funds. The minimum amount
of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any
series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund payment", and any
payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of the

Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional sinking fund
payment". The date on which a sinking fund payment is to be made is herein
referred to as the "sinking fund payment date".

         In lieu of making all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund payment
with respect to any series of Securities in cash, the Issuer may at its option
(a) deliver to the Trustee Securities of such series theretofore purchased or
otherwise acquired (except upon redemption pursuant to the mandatory sinking
fund) by the Issuer or receive credit for Securities of such series (not
previously so credited) theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired (except as
aforesaid) by the Issuer and delivered to the Trustee for cancellation pursuant
to Section 2.10, (b) receive credit for optional sinking fund payments (not
previously so credited) made pursuant to this Section, or (c) receive credit for
Securities of such series (not previously so credited) redeemed by the Issuer
through any optional redemption provision contained in the terms of such series.
Securities so delivered or credited shall be received or credited by the Trustee
at the sinking fund redemption price specified in such Securities.

         On or before the 60th day next preceding each sinking fund payment date
or the 30th day next preceding the last day of any applicable Redemption Notice
Period relating to a sinking fund payment date for any series, the Issuer will
deliver to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate (which need not contain the
statements required by Section 11.05) (a) specifying the portion of the
mandatory sinking fund payment to be satisfied by payment of cash and the
portion to be satisfied by credit of Securities of such series and the basis for
such credit, (b)

                                       68
<PAGE>

stating that none of the Securities of such series has theretofore been so
credited, (c) stating that no defaults in the payment of interest or Events of
Default with respect to such series have occurred (which have not been waived or
cured) and are continuing and (d) stating whether or not the Issuer intends to
exercise its right to make an optional sinking fund payment with respect to such
series and, if so, specifying the amount of such optional sinking fund payment
which the Issuer intends to pay on or before the next succeeding sinking fund
payment date. Any Securities of such series to be credited and required to be
delivered to the Trustee in order for the Issuer to be entitled to credit
therefor as aforesaid which have not theretofore been delivered to the Trustee
shall be delivered for cancellation pursuant to Section 2.10 to the Trustee with
such Officer's Certificate (or reasonably promptly thereafter if acceptable to
the Trustee). Such Officer's Certificate shall be irrevocable and upon its
receipt by the Trustee the Issuer shall become unconditionally obligated to make
all the cash payments or payments therein referred to, if any, on or before the
next succeeding sinking fund payment date. Failure of the Issuer, on or before
any such 60th day or 30th day, if applicable, to deliver such Officer's
Certificate and Securities specified in this paragraph, if any, shall not
constitute a default but shall constitute, on and as of such date, the
irrevocable election of the Issuer (i) that the mandatory sinking fund payment
for such series due on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date shall be
paid entirely in cash without the option to deliver or credit Securities of such
series in respect thereof and (ii) that the Issuer will make no optional sinking
fund payment with respect to such series as provided in this Section.

         If the sinking fund payment or payments (mandatory or optional or both)
to be made in cash on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date plus any
unused balance of any preceding sinking fund payments made in cash shall exceed
$50,000 (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency) or a lesser sum in
Dollars (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency) if the Issuer shall
so request with respect to the Securities of any particular series, such cash
shall be applied on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date to the
redemption of Securities of such series at the sinking fund redemption price
together with accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption. If such amount
shall be $50,000 (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency) or less and
the Issuer makes no such request then it shall be carried over until a sum in
excess of $50,000 (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency) is
available. The Trustee shall select, in the manner provided in Section 12.02,
for redemption on such sinking fund payment date a sufficient principal amount
of Securities of such series to absorb said cash, as nearly as may be, and shall
(if requested in writing by the Issuer) inform the Issuer of the serial numbers
of the Securities of such series (or portions thereof) so selected. Securities
shall be excluded from eligibility for redemption under this Section if they are
identified by registration and certificate number in an Officer's Certificate
delivered to the Trustee at least 60 days prior to the sinking fund payment date
or at least 30 days prior to the last

                                       69
<PAGE>

day of any applicable Redemption Notice Period relating to a sinking fund
payment date as being owned of record and beneficially by, and not pledged or
hypothecated by either (a) the Issuer or (b) an entity specifically identified
in such Officer's Certificate as directly or indirectly controlling or
controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Issuer. The
Trustee, in the name and at the expense of the Issuer (or the Issuer, if it
shall so request the Trustee in writing) shall cause notice of redemption of the
Securities of such series to be given in substantially the manner provided in
Section 12.02 (and with the effect provided in Section 12.03) for the redemption
of Securities of such series in part at the option of the Issuer. The amount of
any sinking fund payments not so applied or allocated to the redemption of
Securities of such series shall be added to the next cash sinking fund payment
for such series and, together with such payment, shall be applied in accordance
with the provisions of this Section. Any and all sinking fund moneys held on the
stated maturity date of the Securities of any particular series (or earlier, if
such maturity is accelerated), which are not held for the payment or redemption
of particular Securities of such series shall be applied, together with other
moneys, if necessary, sufficient for the purpose, to the payment of the
principal of, and interest on, the Securities of such series at maturity.

         On or before each sinking fund payment date, the Issuer shall pay to
the Trustee in cash or shall otherwise provide for the payment of all interest
accrued to the date fixed for redemption on Securities to be redeemed on the
next following sinking fund payment date.

         The Trustee shall not redeem or cause to be redeemed any Securities of
a series with sinking fund moneys or give any notice of redemption of Securities
for such series by operation of the sinking fund during the continuance of a
default in payment of interest on such Securities or of any Event of Default
except that, where the giving of notice of redemption of any Securities shall
theretofore have been made, the Trustee shall redeem or cause to be redeemed
such Securities, provided that it shall have received from the Issuer a sum
sufficient for such redemption. Except as aforesaid, any moneys in the sinking
fund for such series at the time when any such default or Event of Default shall
occur, and any moneys thereafter paid into the sinking fund, shall, during the
continuance of such default or Event of Default, be deemed to have been
collected under Article 5 and held for the payment of all such Securities. In
case such Event of Default shall have been waived as provided in Section 5.10 or
the default cured on or before the sixtieth day preceding the sinking fund
payment date in any year, such moneys shall thereafter be applied on the next
succeeding sinking fund payment date in accordance with this Section to the
redemption of such Securities.

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<PAGE>

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed and
attested, all as of November 1, 2004.

                                           MORGAN STANLEY

[CORPORATE SEAL]
                                           By:
                                               ---------------------------------
                                               Name:
                                               Title:

Attest:

By:
    ------------------------------
    Title:

                                           JPMORGAN CHASE BANK,
                                              TRUSTEE.

[CORPORATE SEAL]
                                           By:
                                               ---------------------------------
                                               Name:
                                               Title:

Attest:

By:
    ------------------------------
    Title:EXHIBIT 4-g

================================================================================

                                 MORGAN STANLEY

                                       AND

                       J.P. MORGAN TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL
                              ASSOCIATION, Trustee

                             Subordinated Indenture

                           Dated as of October 1, 2004

================================================================================

<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                -----------------

                                                                            PAGE
                                                                            ----

                                    ARTICLE 1
                                   DEFINITIONS

Section 1.01. Certain Terms Defined............................................1

                               ARTICLE 2
                              SECURITIES

Section 2.01. Forms Generally..................................................7
Section 2.02. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication..................7
Section 2.03. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.............................8
Section 2.04. Authentication and Delivery of Securities.......................11
Section 2.05. Execution of Securities.........................................14
Section 2.06. Certificate of Authentication...................................14
Section 2.07. Denomination and Date of Securities; Payments of Interest.......14
Section 2.08. Registration, Transfer and Exchange.............................15
Section 2.09. Mutilated, Defaced, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.......19
Section 2.10. Cancellation of Securities; Disposition Thereof.................20
Section 2.11. Temporary Securities............................................20

                               ARTICLE 3
                        COVENANTS OF THE ISSUER

Section 3.01. Payment of Principal and Interest...............................21
Section 3.02. Offices for Payments, etc.......................................21
Section 3.03. Appointment to Fill a Vacancy in Office of Trustee..............23
Section 3.04. Paying Agents...................................................23
Section 3.05. Written Statement to Trustee....................................24
Section 3.06. Luxembourg Publications.........................................24

                               ARTICLE 4
    SECURITYHOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE ISSUER AND THE TRUSTEE

Section 4.01. Issuer to Furnish Trustee Information as to Names and
        Addresses of Securityholders..........................................24
Section 4.02. Preservation and Disclosure of Securityholders Lists............25
Section 4.03. Reports by the Issuer...........................................25
Section 4.04. Reports by the Trustee..........................................25

                                        i

<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE 5
       REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON DEFAULT OR EVENT OF
                                    DEFAULT

Section 5.01. Event of Default Defined; Acceleration of Maturity; Waiver of
    Event of Default..........................................................25
Section 5.02. Collection of Indebtedness by Trustee; Trustee May Prove
        Debt..................................................................27
Section 5.03. Application of Proceeds.........................................30
Section 5.04. Suits for Enforcement...........................................31
Section 5.05. Restoration of Rights on Abandonment of Proceedings.............31
Section 5.06. Limitations on Suits by Securityholders; Default Defined........31
Section 5.07. Unconditional Right of Securityholders to Institute Certain
        Suits.................................................................32
Section 5.08. Powers and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not
        Waiver of Default.....................................................33
Section 5.09. Control by Holders of Securities................................33
Section 5.10. Waiver of Past Defaults.........................................34
Section 5.11. Trustee to Give Notice of Default, But May Withhold In
        Certain Circumstances.................................................34
Section 5.12. Right of Court to Require Filing of Undertaking to Pay Costs....35

                              ARTICLE 6
                       CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

Section 6.01. Duties and Responsibilities of the Trustee; During Default;
        Prior to Default......................................................35
Section 6.02. Certain Rights of the Trustee...................................37
Section 6.03. Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals, Disposition of Securities
        or Application of Proceeds Thereof....................................38
Section 6.04. Trustee and Agents May Hold Securities or Coupons;
        Collections, etc......................................................38
Section 6.05. Moneys Held by Trustee..........................................38
Section 6.06.Compensation and Indemnification of Trustee and Its Prior
        Claim.................................................................38
Section 6.07. Right of Trustee to Rely on Officer's Certificate, etc..........39
Section 6.08. Indentures Not Creating Potential Conflicting Interests for the
        Trustee...............................................................39
Section 6.09. Persons Eligible for Appointment as Trustee.....................39
Section 6.10. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor Trustee.......40
Section 6.11. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor Trustee..................41
Section 6.12. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business
        of Trustee............................................................43
Section 6.13. Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Issuer............43
Section 6.14. Appointment of Authenticating Agent.............................43

                                       ii
<PAGE>

                              ARTICLE 7
                   CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS

Section 7.01. Evidence of Action Taken by Securityholders.....................44
Section 7.02. Proof of Execution of Instruments and of Holding of Securities..45
Section 7.03. Holders to Be Treated as Owners.................................46
Section 7.04. Securities Owned by Issuer Deemed not Outstanding...............46
Section 7.05. Right of Revocation of Action Taken.............................47

                              ARTICLE 8
                       SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

Section 8.01. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Securityholders......47
Section 8.02. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Securityholders.........48
Section 8.03. Effect of Supplemental Indenture................................50
Section 8.04. Documents to Be Given to Trustee................................51
Section 8.05. Notation on Securities in Respect of Supplemental Indentures....51
Section 8.06. Subordination Unimpaired........................................51

                              ARTICLE 9
              CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE OR CONVEYANCE

Section 9.01. Covenant Not to Merge, Consolidate, Sell or Convey Property
        Except Under Certain Conditions.......................................51
Section 9.02. Successor Corporation Substituted...............................51
Section 9.03. Opinion of Counsel Delivered to Trustee.........................52

                             ARTICLE 10
      SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE; UNCLAIMED MONEYS

Section 10.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture........................52
Section 10.02. Application by Trustee of Funds Deposited for Payment of
        Securities............................................................58
Section 10.03. Repayment of Moneys Held by Paying Agent.......................58
Section 10.04. Return of Moneys Held by Trustee and Paying Agent
        Unclaimed for Two Years...............................................58
Section 10.05. Indemnity for U.S. Government Obligations......................59

                             ARTICLE 11
                      MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 11.01. Incorporators, Stockholders, Officers and Directors of Issuer
        Exempt from Individual Liability......................................59
Section 11.02. Provisions of Indenture for the Sole Benefit of Parties and
        Holders of Securities and Coupons.....................................59
Section 11.03. Successors and Assigns of Issuer Bound by Indenture............59

                                      iii
<PAGE>

Section 11.04. Notices and Demands on Issuer, Trustee and Holders of
        Securities and Coupons................................................60
Section 11.05. Officer's Certificates and Opinions of Counsel; Statements to
        Be Contained Therein..................................................60
Section 11.06. Payments Due on Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays................61
Section 11.07. Conflict of Any Provision of Indenture with Trust Indenture
        Act of 1939...........................................................62
Section 11.08. New York Law to Govern.........................................62
Section 11.09. Counterparts...................................................62
Section 11.10. Effect of Headings.............................................62
Section 11.11. Securities in a Foreign Currency...............................62
Section 11.12. Judgment Currency..............................................63

                             ARTICLE 12
             REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUNDS

Section 12.01. Applicability of Article.......................................63
Section 12.02. Notice of Redemption; Partial Redemptions......................63
Section 12.03. Payment of Securities Called for Redemption....................65
Section 12.04. Exclusion of Certain Securities from Eligibility for
        Selection for Redemption..............................................66
Section 12.05. Mandatory and Optional Sinking Funds...........................66

                             ARTICLE 13
                           SUBORDINATION

Section 13.01. Securities and Coupons Subordinated to Senior Indebtedness.....69
Section 13.02. Disputes with Holders of Certain Senior Indebtedness...........71
Section 13.03. Subrogation....................................................71
Section 13.04. Obligation of Issuer Unconditional.............................71
Section 13.05. Payments on Securities and Coupons Permitted...................72
Section 13.06. Effectuation of Subordination by Trustee.......................72
Section 13.07. Knowledge of Trustee...........................................72
Section 13.08. Trustee May Hold Senior Indebtedness...........................73
Section 13.09. Rights of Holders of Senior Indebtedness Not Impaired .........73
Section 13.10. Article Applicable to Paying Agents............................73
Section 13.11. Trustee; Compensation Not Prejudiced...........................73

                                       iv
<PAGE>

         THIS INDENTURE, dated as of October 1, 2004 between MORGAN STANLEY, a
Delaware corporation (the "Issuer"), and J.P. MORGAN TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION, as trustee (the "Trustee"),

                              W I T N E S S E T H :

         WHEREAS, the Issuer has duly authorized the issue from time to time of
its unsecured debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness to be issued
in one or more series (the "Securities") up to such principal amount or amounts
as may from time to time be authorized in accordance with the terms of this
Indenture;

         WHEREAS, the Issuer has duly authorized the execution and delivery of
this Indenture to provide, among other things, for the authentication, delivery
and administration of the Securities; and

         WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid indenture
and agreement according to its terms have been done;

                                 NOW, THEREFORE:

         In consideration of the premises and the purchases of the Securities by
the holders thereof, the Issuer and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree for
the equal and proportionate benefit of the respective holders from time to time
of the Securities and of the coupons, if any, appertaining thereto as follows:

                                   ARTICLE 1
                                  DEFINITIONS

         Section 1.01. Certain Terms Defined. The following terms (except as
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise clearly requires)
for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto
shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section. All other terms
used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 or
the definitions of which in the Securities Act of 1933 are referred to in the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939, including terms defined therein by reference to the
Securities Act of 1933 (except as herein otherwise expressly provided or unless
the context otherwise requires), shall have the meanings assigned to such terms
in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the dateof
this Indenture. All accounting terms used herein and not expressly defined shall
have the meanings assigned to such terms in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and the term "generally accepted accounting principles"
means such accounting principles as are generally accepted at the time of any
computation. The words "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of
similar import

<PAGE>

refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or
other subdivision. The terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned
to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular.

         "Authenticating Agent" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
6.14.

         "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper (which, in the case of The
City of New York, will, if practicable, be The Wall Street Journal (Eastern
Edition), in the case of the United Kingdom, will, if practicable, be the
Financial Times (London Edition) and, in the case of Luxembourg, will, if
practicable, be the Luxemburger Wort) published in an official language of the
country of publication customarily published at least once a day for at least
five days in each calendar week and of general circulation in The City of New
York, the United Kingdom or in Luxembourg, as applicable. If it shall be
impractical in the opinion of the Trustee to make any publication of any notice
required hereby in an Authorized Newspaper, any publication or other notice in
lieu thereof which is made or given with the approval of the Trustee shall
constitute a sufficient publication of such notice.

         "Board of Directors" means either the Board of Directors of the Issuer
or any committee of such Board duly authorized to act on its behalf.

         "Board Resolution" means a copy of one or more resolutions, certified
by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Issuer to have been duly
adopted or consented to by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and
effect, and delivered to the Trustee.

         "Business Day" means, with respect to any Security, unless otherwise
specified pursuant to Section 2.03, a day that in the city (or in any of the
cities, if more than one) in which amounts are payable, as specified in the form
of such Security, is not a day on which banking institutions are authorized or
required by law or regulation to close.

         "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time
to time constituted, created under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or if at
any time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture such Commission is
not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust
Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties on such date.

         "Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Trustee at which the
corporate trust business of the Trustee shall, at any particular time, be
principally administered, which office is, at the date as of which this
Indenture is dated, located in New York, New York.

         "Coupon" means any interest coupon appertaining to a Security.

                                        2

<PAGE>

         "covenant defeasance" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
10.01(c).

         "Default" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.06.

         "Depositary" means, with respect to the Securities of any series
issuable or issued in the form of one or more Registered Global Securities, the
Person designated as Depositary by the Issuer pursuant to Section 2.03 until a
successor Depositary shall have become such pursuant to the applicable
provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Depositary" shall mean or include
each Person who is then a Depositary hereunder, and if at any time there is more
than one such Person, "Depositary" as used with respect to the Securities of any
such series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Registered Global
Securities of that series.

         "Dollar" means the coin or currency of the United States of America as
at the time of payment is legal tender for the payment of public and private
debts.

         "Event of Default" means any event or condition specified as such in
Section 5.01.

         "Foreign Currency" means a currency issued by the government of a
country other than the United States (or any currency unit comprised of any such
currencies).

         "Holder", "Holder of Securities", "Securityholder" or other similar
terms mean (a) in the case of any Registered Security, the Person in whose name
such Security is registered in the security register kept by the Issuer for that
purpose in accordance with the terms hereof, and (b) in the case of any
Unregistered Security, the bearer of such Security, or any Coupon appertaining
thereto, as the case may be.

         "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed and delivered
or, if amended or supplemented as herein provided, as so amended or supplemented
or both, and shall include the forms and terms of particular series of
Securities established as contemplated hereunder.

         "Interest" means, when used with respect to non-interest bearing
Securities, interest payable after maturity.

         "Issuer" means (except as otherwise provided in Article 6) Morgan
Stanley, a Delaware corporation and, subject to Article 9, its successors and
assigns.

         "Issuer Order" means a written statement, request or order of the
Issuer signed in its name by any one of the following: the Chairman of the
Board, the President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Strategic and
Administrative

                                       3
<PAGE>

Officer, the Chief Legal Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer or any
other person authorized by the Board of Directors to execute any such written
statement, request or order.

         "Judgment Currency" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11.12.

         "Officer's Certificate" means a certificate (i) signed by any one of
the following: the Chairman of the Board, the President, the Chief Financial
Officer, the Chief Strategic and Administrative Officer, the Chief Legal
Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer or any other person authorized
by the Board of Directors to execute any such certificate and (ii) delivered to
the Trustee. Each such certificate shall comply with Section 314 of the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939 and include the statements provided for in Section 11.05.

         "Opinion of Counsel" means an opinion in writing signed by the Chief
Legal Officer of the Issuer, or by such other legal counsel who may be an
employee of or counsel to the Issuer and who shall be satisfactory to the
Trustee. Each such opinion shall comply with Section 314 of the Trust Indenture
Act of 1939 and include the statements provided for in Section 11.05.

         "original issue date" of any Security (or portion thereof) means the
earlier of (a) the date of such Security or (b) the date of any Security (or
portion thereof) for which such Security was issued (directly or indirectly) on
registration of transfer, exchange or substitution.

         "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security that provides for
an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.01.

         "Outstanding" when used with reference to Securities, shall, subject to
the provisions of Section 7.04, mean, as of any particular time, all Securities
authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except

                  (a) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or
         delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

                  (b) Securities, or portions thereof, for the payment or
         redemption of which moneys or U.S. Government Obligations (as provided
         for in Section 10.01) in the necessary amount shall have been deposited
         in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the
         Issuer) or shall have been set aside, segregated and held in trust by
         the Issuer for the Holders of such Securities (if the Issuer shall act
         as its own paying agent), provided that if such Securities, or portions
         thereof, are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of
         such redemption shall have been given as herein provided, or provision
         satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such
         notice; and

                                       4
<PAGE>

                  (c) Securities which shall have been paid or in substitution
         for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered
         pursuant to the terms of Section 2.09 (except with respect to any such
         Security as to which proof satisfactory to the Trustee is presented
         that such Security is held by a person in whose hands such Security is
         a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Issuer).

         In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of
Outstanding Securities of any or all series have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal
amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed to be
Outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that
would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration
of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.01.

         "Periodic Offering" means an offering of Securities of a series from
time to time, the specific terms of which Securities, including, without
limitation, the rate or rates of interest, if any, thereon, the stated maturity
or maturities thereof and the redemption provisions, if any, with respect
thereto, are to be determined by the Issuer or its agents upon the issuance of
such Securities.

         "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture,
association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

         "principal" whenever used with reference to the Securities or any
Security or any portion thereof, shall be deemed to include "and premium, if
any".

         "record date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.07.

         "Redemption Notice Period" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
12.02.

         "Registered Global Security", means a Security evidencing all or a part
of a series of Registered Securities, issued to the Depositary for such series
in accordance with Section 2.04, and bearing the legend prescribed in Section
2.04.

         "Registered Security" means any Security registered on the Security
register of the Issuer.

         "Required Currency" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11.12.

         "Responsible Officer" when used with respect to the Trustee means the
chairman of the Board of Directors, any vice chairman of the board of directors,
the chairman of the trust committee, the chairman of the executive committee,
any vice chairman of the executive committee, the president, any vice president,
(whether or not designated by numbers or words added before or after the title

                                       5
<PAGE>

"vice president") the cashier, the secretary, the treasurer, any trust officer,
any assistant trust officer, any assistant vice president, any assistant
cashier, any assistant secretary, any assistant treasurer, or any other officer
or assistant officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to
those performed by the persons who at the time shall be such officers,
respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his
knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

         "Security" or "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital
of this Indenture, or, as the case may be, Securities that have been
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

         "Senior Indebtedness" means (i) obligations (other than non-recourse
obligations, the Securities or any other obligations specifically designated as
being subordinate in right of payment to Senior Indebtedness) of, or guaranteed
or assumed by, the Issuer for borrowed money or evidenced by bonds, debentures,
notes or other similar instruments, and amendments, renewals, extensions,
modifications and refundings of any such indebtedness or obligation and (ii) if
provided in the supplemental indenture under which a series of Securities is
issued or in the form of Security for such series, any additional obligations
that the Issuer determines to include within the definition of Senior
Indebtedness in order to assure that the Securities of such series will be
accorded the regulatory capital recognition desired by the Issuer in accordance
with Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any
other rule or regulation governing the definition of capital that is applicable
to the Issuer or its affiliates.

         "Trust Indenture Act of 1939" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.

         "Trustee" means the Person identified as "Trustee" in the first
paragraph hereof and, subject to the provisions of Article 6, shall also include
any successor trustee. "Trustee" shall also mean or include each Person who is
then a trustee hereunder and if at any time there is more than one such Person,
"Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the
trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

         "Unregistered Security" means any Security other than a Registered
Security.

         "U.S. Government Obligations" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 10.01(a).

         "Yield to Maturity" means the yield to maturity on a series of
securities, calculated at the time of issuance of such series, or, if
applicable, at the most recent redetermination of interest on such series, and
calculated in accordance with accepted financial practice.

                                       6
<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE 2
                                   SECURITIES

         Section 2.01. Forms Generally. The Securities of each series and the
Coupons, if any, to be attached thereto shall be substantially in such form (not
inconsistent with this Indenture) as shall be established by or pursuant to one
or more Board Resolutions (as set forth in a Board Resolution or, to the extent
established pursuant to rather than set forth in a Board Resolution, an
Officer's Certificate detailing such establishment) or in one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions,
substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this
Indenture and may have imprinted or otherwise reproduced thereon such legend or
legends or endorsements, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture,
as may be required to comply with any law or with any rules or regulations
pursuant thereto, or with any rules of any securities exchange or to conform to
general usage, all as may be determined by the officers executing such
Securities and Coupons, if any, as evidenced by their execution of such
Securities and Coupons.

         The definitive Securities and Coupons, if any, shall be printed,
lithographed or engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any
other manner, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities and
Coupons, if any, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities and Coupons,
if any.

         Section 2.02. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication. The
Trustee's certificate of authentication on all Securities shall be in
substantially the following form:

                "This is one of the Securities referred to in the
                within-mentioned Subordinated Indenture.

                                        ----------------------------------------
                                        as Trustee

                                        By:
                                             -----------------------------------
                                             Authorized Officer

         If at any time there shall be an Authenticating Agent appointed with
respect to any series of Securities, then the Trustee's Certificate of
Authentication to be borne by the Securities of each such series shall be
substantially as follows:

                "This is one of the Securities referred to in the
                within-mentioned Subordinated Indenture.

                                       7
<PAGE>

                                        ----------------------------------------
                                        as Authenticating Agent

                                        By:
                                             -----------------------------------
                                             Authorized Officer

         Section 2.03. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series. The aggregate
principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture is unlimited.

         The Securities may be issued in one or more series and the Securities
of each such series shall rank equally and pari passu with the Securities of
each other series, but all Securities issued hereunder shall be subordinate and
junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner set forth in Article
13, to all Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer. There shall be established in or
pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions (and, to the extent established
pursuant to rather than set forth in a Board Resolution, in an Officer's
Certificate detailing such establishment) or established in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the initial issuance of Securities of
any series,

         (a) the designation of the Securities of the series, which shall
distinguish the Securities of the series from the Securities of all other
series;

         (b) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except
for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or
in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to
Section 2.08, 2.09, 2.11, 8.05 or 12.03);

         (c) if other than Dollars, the coin or currency in which the Securities
of that series are denominated (including, but not limited to, any Foreign
Currency);

         (d) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the
series is payable;

         (e) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear
interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, on
which such interest shall be payable and (in the case of Registered Securities)
on which a record shall be taken for the determination of Holders to whom
interest is payable and/or the method by which such rate or rates or date or
dates shall be determined;

         (f) the place or places where the principal of and any interest on
Securities of the series shall be payable (if other than as provided in Section
3.02);

                                       8
<PAGE>

         (g) the right, if any, of the Issuer to redeem Securities, in whole or
in part, at its option and the period or periods within which, the price or
prices at which and any terms and conditions, including the Redemption Notice
Period, upon which Securities of the series may be so redeemed, pursuant to any
sinking fund or otherwise;

         (h) the obligation, if any, of the Issuer to redeem, purchase or repay
Securities of the series pursuant to any mandatory redemption, sinking fund or
analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the price or
prices at which and the period or periods within which and any terms and
conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, purchased or
repaid, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

         (i) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple
thereof in the case of Registered Securities, or $1,000 and $5,000 in the case
of Unregistered Securities, the denominations in which Securities of the series
shall be issuable;

         (j) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the
principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof;

         (k) if other than the coin or currency in which the Securities of that
series are denominated, the coin or currency in which payment of the principal
of or interest on the Securities of such series shall be payable;

         (l) if the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series
are to be payable, at the election of the Issuer or a Holder thereof, in a coin
or currency other than that in which the Securities are denominated, the period
or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, such election
may be made;

         (m) if the amount of payments of principal of and interest on the
Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index based on a
coin or currency other than that in which the Securities of the series are
denominated, or with reference to any currencies, securities or baskets of
securities, commodities or indices, the manner in which such amounts shall be
determined;

         (n) if the Holders of the Securities of the series may convert or
exchange the Securities of the series into or for securities of the Issuer or of
other entities or other property (or the cash value thereof), the specific terms
of and period during which such conversion or exchange may be made;

         (o) whether the Securities of the series will be issuable as Registered
Securities (and if so, whether such Securities will be issuable as Registered
Global Securities) or Unregistered Securities (with or without Coupons), or any

                                       9
<PAGE>

combination of the foregoing, any restrictions applicable to the offer, sale,
transfer, exchange or delivery of Unregistered Securities or Registered
Securities or the payment of interest thereon and, if other than as provided in
Section 2.08, the terms upon which Unregistered Securities of any series may be
exchanged for Registered Securities of such series and vice versa;

         (p) whether and under what circumstances the Issuer will pay additional
amounts on the Securities of the series held by a Person who is not a U.S.
Person in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge withheld or
deducted and, if so, whether the Issuer will have the option to redeem such
Securities rather than pay such additional amounts;

         (q) if the Securities of such series are to be issuable in definitive
form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary Security of
such series) only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or
satisfaction of other conditions, the form and terms of such certificates,
documents or conditions;

         (r) any trustees, depositaries, authenticating or paying agents,
transfer agents or registrars or any other agents with respect to the Securities
of such series;

         (s) any additions, modifications or deletions in the Defaults, Events
of Default or covenants of the Issuer set forth herein with respect to the
Securities of such series;

         (t) any modifications to the definition of Senior Indebtedness, as
contemplated by clause (ii) thereof; and

         (u) any other terms of the series.

         All Securities of any one series and Coupons, if any, appertaining
thereto, shall be substantially identical, except in the case of Registered
Securities as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided by or
pursuant to the Board Resolution or Officer's Certificate referred to above or
as set forth in any such indenture supplemental hereto. All Securities of any
one series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to
time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant
to such Board Resolution, such Officer's Certificate or in any such indenture
supplemental hereto.

         Notwithstanding Section 2.03(b) hereof and unless otherwise expressly
provided with respect to a series of Securities, the aggregate principal amount
of a series of Securities may be increased and additional Securities of such
series may be issued up to the maximum aggregate principal amount authorized
with respect to such series as increased.

                                       10
<PAGE>

         Section 2.04. Authentication and Delivery of Securities. The Issuer may
deliver Securities of any series having attached thereto appropriate Coupons, if
any, executed by the Issuer to the Trustee for authentication together with the
applicable documents referred to below in this Section, and the Trustee shall
thereupon authenticate and deliver such Securities to or upon the order of the
Issuer (contained in the Issuer Order referred to below in this Section) or
pursuant to such procedures acceptable to the Trustee and to such recipients as
may be specified from time to time by an Issuer Order. The maturity date,
original issue date, interest rate and any other terms of the Securities of such
series and Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto (including Redemption Notice
Periods) shall be determined by or pursuant to such Issuer Order and procedures.
If provided for in such procedures, such Issuer Order may authorize
authentication and delivery pursuant to oral instructions from the Issuer or its
duly authorized agent, which instructions shall be promptly confirmed in
writing. In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional
responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the
Trustee shall be entitled to receive (in the case of subparagraphs (b), (c) and
(d) below only at or before the time of the first request of the Issuer to the
Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series) and (subject to Section 6.01)
shall be fully protected in relying upon, unless and until such documents have
been superceded or revoked:

         (a) an Issuer Order requesting such authentication and setting forth
delivery instructions if the Securities and Coupons, if any, are not to be
delivered to the Issuer, provided that, with respect to Securities of a series
subject to a Periodic Offering, (i) such Issuer Order may be delivered by the
Issuer to the Trustee prior to the delivery to the Trustee of such Securities
for authentication and delivery, (ii) the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver
Securities of such series for original issue from time to time, in an aggregate
principal amount not exceeding the aggregate principal amount established for
such series, pursuant to an Issuer Order or pursuant to procedures acceptable to
the Trustee as may be specified from time to time by an Issuer Order, (iii) the
maturity date or dates, original issue date or dates, interest rate or rates and
any other terms of Securities of such series (including Redemption Notice
Periods) shall be determined by an Issuer Order or pursuant to such procedures
and (iv) if provided for in such procedures, such Issuer Order may authorize
authentication and delivery pursuant to oral or electronic instructions from the
Issuer or its duly authorized agent or agents, which oral instructions shall be
promptly confirmed in writing;

         (b) any Board Resolution, Officer's Certificate and/or executed
supplemental indenture referred to in Sections 2.01 and 2.03 by or pursuant to
which the forms and terms of the Securities and Coupons, if any, were
established;

         (c) an Officer's Certificate setting forth the form or forms and terms
of the Securities and Coupons, if any, stating that the form or forms and terms
of the Securities and Coupons, if any, have been established pursuant to
Sections 2.01

                                       11
<PAGE>

and 2.03 and comply with this Indenture, and covering such other matters as the
Trustee may reasonably request; and

        (d) at the option of the Issuer, either an Opinion of Counsel, or a
letter addressed to the Trustee permitting it to rely on an Opinion of Counsel,
substantially to the effect that:

                  (i) the forms of the Securities and Coupons, if any, have been
         duly authorized and established in conformity with the provisions of
         this Indenture;

                  (ii) in the case of an underwritten offering, the terms of the
         Securities have been duly authorized and established in conformity with
         the provisions of this Indenture, and, in the case of an offering that
         is not underwritten, certain terms of the Securities have been
         established pursuant to a Board Resolution, an Officer's Certificate or
         a supplemental indenture in accordance with this Indenture, and when
         such other terms as are to be established pursuant to procedures set
         forth in an Issuer Order shall have been established, all such terms
         will have been duly authorized by the Issuer and will have been
         established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

                  (iii) when the Securities and Coupons, if any, have been
         executed by the Issuer and authenticated by the Trustee in accordance
         with the provisions of this Indenture and delivered to and duly paid
         for by the purchasers thereof, they will have been duly issued under
         this Indenture and will be valid and binding obligations of the Issuer,
         enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, and will be
         entitled to the benefits of this Indenture; and

                  (iv) the execution and delivery by the Issuer of, and the
         performance by the Issuer of its obligations under, the Securities and
         Coupons, if any, will not contravene any provision of applicable law or
         the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of the Issuer or any
         agreement or other instrument binding upon the Issuer or any of its
         consolidated subsidiaries that is material to the Issuer and its
         subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or, to the best of such counsel's
         knowledge, any judgment, order or decree of any U.S. governmental body,
         agency or court having jurisdiction over the Issuer or any of its
         consolidated subsidiaries, and no consent, approval or authorization of
         any U.S. governmental body or agency is required for the performance by
         the Issuer of its obligations under the Securities and Coupons, if any,
         except such as are specified and have been obtained and such as may be
         required by the securities or blue sky laws of the various states in
         connection with the offer and sale of the Securities and Coupons, if
         any.

                                       12
<PAGE>

         In rendering such opinions, such counsel may qualify any opinions as to
enforceability by stating that such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, liquidation, moratorium and other similar laws
affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and is subject to general
principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in
a proceeding in equity or at law). Such counsel may rely, as to all matters
governed by the laws of jurisdictions other than the State of New York and the
federal law of the United States, upon opinions of other counsel (copies of
which shall be delivered to the Trustee), who shall be counsel reasonably
satisfactory to the Trustee, in which case the opinion shall state that such
counsel believes he and the Trustee are entitled so to rely. Such counsel may
also state that, insofar as such opinion involves factual matters, he has
relied, to the extent he deems proper, upon certificates of officers of the
Issuer and its subsidiaries and certificates of public officials.

         The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver
any Securities under this Section if the Trustee, being advised by counsel,
determines that such action may not lawfully be taken by the Issuer or if the
Trustee in good faith by its board of directors or board of trustees, executive
committee, or a trust committee of directors or trustees or Responsible Officers
shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability
to existing Holders or would affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities, this Indenture or otherwise.

         If the Issuer shall establish pursuant to Section 2.03 that the
Securities of a series are to be issued in the form of one or more Registered
Global Securities, then the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee shall, in
accordance with this Section and the Issuer Order with respect to such series,
authenticate and deliver one or more Registered Global Securities that (i) shall
represent and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal
amount of all of the Securities of such series issued and not yet cancelled,
(ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary for such Registered
Global Security or Securities or the nominee of such Depositary, (iii) shall be
delivered by the Trustee to such Depositary or pursuant to such Depositary's
instructions and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect:
"Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in
definitive registered form, this Security may not be transferred except as a
whole by the Depositary to the nominee of the Depositary or by a nominee of the
Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the
Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such
successor Depositary."

         Each Depositary designated pursuant to Section 2.03 must, at the time
of its designation and at all times while it serves as Depositary, be a clearing
agency registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any other
applicable statute or regulation.

                                       13
<PAGE>

         Section 2.05. Execution of Securities. The Securities and, if
applicable, each Coupon appertaining thereto shall be signed on behalf of the
Issuer by any one of the following: the Chairman of the Board, the President,
the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Strategic and Administrative Officer, the
Chief Legal Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer or any other person
authorized by the Board of Directors to execute Securities or, if applicable,
Coupons, which Securities or Coupons may, but need not, be attested. Such
signatures may be the manual or facsimile signatures of the present or any
future such officers. Minor errors or defects in any such reproduction of any
such signature shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any Security
that has been duly authenticated and delivered by the Trustee.

         In case any officer of the Issuer who shall have signed any of the
Securities or Coupons, if any, shall cease to be such officer before the
Security or Coupon so signed (or the Security to which the Coupon so signed
appertains) shall be authenticated and delivered by the Trustee or disposed of
by the Issuer, such Security or Coupon nevertheless may be authenticated and
delivered or disposed of as though the person who signed such Security or Coupon
had not ceased to be such officer of the Issuer; and any Security or Coupon may
be signed on behalf of the Issuer by such persons as, at the actual date of the
execution of such Security or Coupon, shall be the proper officers of the
Issuer, although at the date of the execution and delivery of this Indenture any
such person was not such an officer.

         Section 2.06. Certificate of Authentication. Only such Securities as
shall bear thereon a certificate of authentication substantially in the form
hereinbefore recited, executed by the Trustee by the manual signature of one of
its authorized officers, shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture or
be valid or obligatory for any purpose. No Coupon shall be entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture or shall be valid and obligatory for any purpose
until the certificate of authentication on the Security to which such Coupon
appertains shall have been duly executed by the Trustee. The execution of such
certificate by the Trustee upon any Security executed by the Issuer shall be
conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has been duly
authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the Holder is entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.

         Section 2.07. Denomination and Date of Securities; Payments of
Interest. The Securities of each series shall be issuable as Registered
Securities or Unregistered Securities in denominations established as
contemplated by Section 2.03 or, with respect to the Registered Securities of
any series, if not so established, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral
multiple thereof. If denominations of Unregistered Securities of any series are
not so established, such Securities shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000
and $5,000. The Securities of each series shall be numbered, lettered or
otherwise distinguished in such manner or in accordance with such plan as the
officers of the Issuer executing the same may determine with the approval of the
Trustee, as evidenced by the execution and authentication thereof.

                                       14
<PAGE>

         Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.
Each Unregistered Security shall be dated as provided in the resolution or
resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Issuer referred to in Section 2.03.
The Securities of each series shall bear interest, if any, from the date, and
such interest shall be payable on the dates, established as contemplated by
Section 2.03.

         The Person in whose name any Registered Security of any series is
registered at the close of business on any record date applicable to a
particular series with respect to any interest payment date for such series
shall be entitled to receive the interest, if any, payable on such interest
payment date notwithstanding any transfer or exchange of such Registered
Security subsequent to the record date and prior to such interest payment date,
except if and to the extent the Issuer shall default in the payment of the
interest due on such interest payment date for such series, in which case such
defaulted interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names Outstanding
Registered Securities for such series are registered at the close of business on
a subsequent record date (which shall be not less than five Business Days prior
to the date of payment of such defaulted interest) established by notice given
by mail by or on behalf of the Issuer to the Holders of Registered Securities
not less than 15 days preceding such subsequent record date. The term "record
date" as used with respect to any interest payment date (except a date for
payment of defaulted interest) for the Securities of any series shall mean the
date specified as such in the terms of the Registered Securities of such series
established as contemplated by Section 2.03, or, if no such date is so
established, if such interest payment date is the first day of a calendar month,
the fifteenth day of the next preceding calendar month or, if such interest
payment date is the fifteenth day of a calendar month, the first day of such
calendar month, whether or not such record date is a Business Day.

         Section 2.08. Registration, Transfer and Exchange. The Issuer will keep
at each office or agency to be maintained for the purpose as provided in Section
3.02 for each series of Securities a register or registers in which, subject to
such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, it will provide for the
registration of Registered Securities of such series and the registration of
transfer of Registered Securities of such series. Such register shall be in
written form in the English language or in any other form capable of being
converted into such form within a reasonable time. At all reasonable times such
register or registers shall be open for inspection by the Trustee.

         Upon due presentation for registration of transfer of any Registered
Security of any series at any such office or agency to be maintained for the
purpose as provided in Section 3.02, the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a
new Registered Security or Registered Securities of the same series, maturity
date, interest rate and original issue date in authorized denominations for a
like aggregate principal amount.

                                       15
<PAGE>

         Unregistered Securities (except for any temporary global Unregistered
Securities) and Coupons (except for Coupons attached to any temporary global
Unregistered Securities) shall be transferable by delivery.

         At the option of the Holder thereof, Registered Securities of any
series (other than a Registered Global Security, except as set forth below) may
be exchanged for a Registered Security or Registered Securities of such series
having authorized denominations and an equal aggregate principal amount, upon
surrender of such Registered Securities to be exchanged at the agency of the
Issuer that shall be maintained for such purpose in accordance with Section 3.02
and upon payment, if the Issuer shall so require, of the charges hereinafter
provided. If the Securities of any series are issued in both registered and
unregistered form, except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.03, at
the option of the Holder thereof, Unregistered Securities of any series may be
exchanged for Registered Securities of such series having authorized
denominations and an equal aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of such
Unregistered Securities to be exchanged at the agency of the Issuer that shall
be maintained for such purpose in accordance with Section 3.02, with, in the
case of Unregistered Securities that have Coupons attached, all unmatured
Coupons and all matured Coupons in default thereto appertaining, and upon
payment, if the Issuer shall so require, of the charges hereinafter provided. At
the option of the Holder thereof, if Unregistered Securities of any series,
maturity date, interest rate and original issue date are issued in more than one
authorized denomination, except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.03,
such Unregistered Securities may be exchanged for Unregistered Securities of
such series having authorized denominations and an equal aggregate principal
amount, upon surrender of such Unregistered Securities to be exchanged at the
agency of the Issuer that shall be maintained for such purpose in accordance
with Section 3.02 or as specified pursuant to Section 2.03, with, in the case of
Unregistered Securities that have Coupons attached, all unmatured Coupons and
all matured Coupons in default thereto appertaining, and upon payment, if the
Issuer shall so require, of the charges hereinafter provided. Unless otherwise
specified pursuant to Section 2.03, Registered Securities of any series may not
be exchanged for Unregistered Securities of such series. Whenever any Securities
are so surrendered for exchange, the Issuer shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is
entitled to receive. All Securities and Coupons surrendered upon any exchange or
transfer provided for in this Indenture shall be promptly cancelled and disposed
of by the Trustee and the Trustee will deliver a certificate of disposition
thereof to the Issuer.

         All Registered Securities presented for registration of transfer,
exchange, redemption or payment shall (if so required by the Issuer or the
Trustee) be duly endorsed by, or be accompanied by a written instrument or
instruments of transfer in form satisfactory to the Issuer and the Trustee duly
executed by the Holder or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

                                       16
<PAGE>

         The Issuer may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or
other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any exchange or
registration of transfer of Securities. No service charge shall be made for any
such transaction.

         The Issuer shall not be required to exchange or register a transfer of
(a) any Securities of any series for a period of 15 days next preceding the
first mailing of notice of redemption of Securities of such series to be
redeemed or (b) any Securities selected, called or being called for redemption,
in whole or in part, except, in the case of any Security to be redeemed in part,
the portion thereof not so to be redeemed or (c) any Securities if the Holder
thereof has exercised any right to require the Issuer to repurchase such
Securities, in whole or in part, except, in the case of any Security to be
repurchased in part, the portion thereof not so to be repurchased.

         Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 2.08, unless and
until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in definitive
registered form, a Registered Global Security representing all or a portion of
the Securities of a series may not be transferred except as a whole by the
Depositary for such series to a nominee of such Depositary or by a nominee of
such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by
such Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary for such series or
a nominee of such successor Depositary.

         If at any time the Depositary for any Registered Securities of a series
represented by one or more Registered Global Securities notifies the Issuer that
it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Registered
Securities or if at any time the Depositary for such Registered Securities shall
no longer be eligible under Section 2.04, the Issuer shall appoint a successor
Depositary eligible under Section 2.04 with respect to such Registered
Securities. If a successor Depositary eligible under Section 2.04 for such
Registered Securities is not appointed by the Issuer within 90 days after the
Issuer receives such notice or becomes aware of such ineligibility, the Issuer's
election pursuant to Section 2.03 that such Registered Securities be represented
by one or more Registered Global Securities shall no longer be effective and the
Issuer will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer's Certificate
for the authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such series,
will authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series in definitive
registered form without coupons, in any authorized denominations, in an
aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Registered
Global Security or Securities representing such Registered Securities in
exchange for such Registered Global Security or Securities.

         Subject to the procedures of the Depositary, the Issuer may at any time
and in its sole discretion determine that the Registered Securities of any
series issued in the form of one or more Registered Global Securities shall no
longer be represented by a Registered Global Security or Securities. In such
event the Issuer will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer's
Certificate for the

                                       17
<PAGE>

authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such series, will
authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series in definitive registered
form without coupons, in any authorized denominations, in an aggregate principal
amount equal to the principal amount of the Registered Global Security or
Securities representing such Registered Securities, in exchange for such
Registered Global Security or Securities.

         If specified by the Issuer pursuant to Section 2.03 with respect to
Securities represented by a Registered Global Security, the Depositary for such
Registered Global Security may surrender such Registered Global Security in
exchange in whole or in part for Securities of the same series in definitive
registered form on such terms as are acceptable to the Issuer and such
Depositary. Thereupon, the Issuer shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, without service charge,

         (a) to the Person specified by such Depositary a new Registered
Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations as
requested by such Person, in an aggregate principal amount equal to and in
exchange for such Person's beneficial interest in the Registered Global
Security; and

         (b) to such Depositary a new Registered Global Security in a
denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of
the surrendered Registered Global Security and the aggregate principal amount of
Registered Securities authenticated and delivered pursuant to clause (a) above.

         Upon the exchange of a Registered Global Security for Securities in
definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, such
Registered Global Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee or an agent of the
Issuer or the Trustee. Securities in definitive registered form without coupons
issued in exchange for a Registered Global Security pursuant to this Section
2.08 shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as
the Depositary for such Registered Global Security, pursuant to instructions
from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the
Trustee or an agent of the Issuer or the Trustee. The Trustee or such agent
shall deliver such Securities to or as directed by the Persons in whose names
such Securities are so registered.

         All Securities issued upon any transfer or exchange of Securities shall
be valid obligations of the Issuer, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to
the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such
transfer or exchange.

         Notwithstanding anything herein or in the terms of any series of
Securities to the contrary, none of the Issuer, the Trustee or any agent of the
Issuer or the Trustee (any of which, other than the Issuer, shall rely on an
Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel) shall be required to exchange
any Unregistered Security for a Registered Security if such exchange would
result in adverse

                                       18
<PAGE>

Federal income tax consequences to the Issuer (such as, for example, the
inability of the Issuer to deduct from its income, as computed for Federal
income tax purposes, the interest payable on the Unregistered Securities) under
then applicable United States Federal income tax laws.

         Section 2.09. Mutilated, Defaced, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen
Securities. In case any temporary or definitive Security or any Coupon
appertaining to any Security shall become mutilated, defaced or be destroyed,
lost or stolen, the Issuer in its discretion may execute, and upon the written
request of any officer of the Issuer, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver
a new Security of the same series, maturity date, interest rate and original
issue date, bearing a number or other distinguishing symbol not
contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated or
defaced Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so
destroyed, lost or stolen with Coupons corresponding to the Coupons appertaining
to the Securities so mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen, or in
exchange or substitution for the Security to which such mutilated, defaced,
destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon appertained, with Coupons appertaining thereto
corresponding to the Coupons so mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen.
In every case the applicant for a substitute Security or Coupon shall furnish to
the Issuer and to the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee such
security or indemnity as may be required by them to indemnify and defend and to
save each of them harmless and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft,
evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of such
Security or Coupon and of the ownership thereof and in the case of mutilation or
defacement shall surrender the Security and related Coupons to the Trustee or
such agent.

         Upon the issuance of any substitute Security or Coupon, the Issuer may
require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including
the fees and expenses of the Trustee or its agent) connected therewith. In case
any Security or Coupon which has matured or is about to mature or has been
called for redemption in full shall become mutilated or defaced or be destroyed,
lost or stolen, the Issuer may instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or
authorize the payment of the same or the relevant Coupon (without surrender
thereof except in the case of a mutilated or defaced Security or Coupon), if the
applicant for such payment shall furnish to the Issuer and to the Trustee and
any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee such security or indemnity as any of them
may require to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction,
loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Issuer and the Trustee
and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the
destruction, loss or theft of such Security or Coupon and of the ownership
thereof.

         Every substitute Security or Coupon of any series issued pursuant to
the provisions of this Section by virtue of the fact that any such Security or
Coupon is destroyed, lost or stolen shall constitute an additional contractual
obligation of the Issuer, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security
or Coupon shall be at any time enforceable by anyone and shall be entitled to
all the benefits of (but

                                       19
<PAGE>

shall be subject to all the limitations of rights set forth in) this Indenture
equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities or Coupons of such
series duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. All Securities and Coupons
shall be held and owned upon the express condition that, to the extent permitted
by law, the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement
or payment of mutilated, defaced or destroyed, lost or stolen Securities and
Coupons and shall preclude any and all other rights or remedies notwithstanding
any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to
the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without
their surrender.

         Section 2.10. Cancellation of Securities; Disposition Thereof. All
Securities and Coupons surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of
transfer or exchange, or for credit against any payment in respect of a sinking
or analogous fund, if surrendered to the Issuer or any agent of the Issuer or
the Trustee or any agent of the Trustee, shall be delivered to the Trustee or
its agent for cancellation or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled
by it; and no Securities or Coupons shall be issued in lieu thereof except as
expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. The Trustee or
its agent shall dispose of cancelled Securities and Coupons held by it and
deliver a certificate of disposition to the Issuer. If the Issuer or its agent
shall acquire any of the Securities or Coupons, such acquisition shall not
operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such
Securities or Coupons unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee or
its agent for cancellation.

         Section 2.11. Temporary Securities. Pending the preparation of
definitive Securities for any series, the Issuer may execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver temporary Securities for such series (printed,
lithographed, typewritten or otherwise reproduced, in each case in form
satisfactory to the Trustee). Temporary Securities of any series shall be
issuable as Registered Securities without coupons, or as Unregistered Securities
with or without coupons attached thereto, of any authorized denomination, and
substantially in the form of the definitive Securities of such series but with
such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary
Securities, all as may be determined by the Issuer with the concurrence of the
Trustee as evidenced by the execution and authentication thereof. Temporary
Securities may contain such references to any provisions of this Indenture as
may be appropriate. Every temporary Security shall be executed by the Issuer and
be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially
the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive Securities. Without
unreasonable delay the Issuer shall execute and shall furnish definitive
Securities of such series and thereupon temporary Registered Securities of such
series may be surrendered in exchange therefor without charge at each office or
agency to be maintained by the Issuer for that purpose pursuant to Section 3.02
and, in the case of Unregistered Securities, at any agency maintained by the
Issuer for such purpose as specified pursuant to Section 2.03, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities of such
series an equal aggregate principal amount of

                                       20
<PAGE>

definitive Securities of the same series having authorized denominations and, in
the case of Unregistered Securities, having attached thereto any appropriate
Coupons. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of any series shall be
entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of
such series, unless otherwise established pursuant to Section 2.03. The
provisions of this Section are subject to any restrictions or limitations on the
issue and delivery of temporary Unregistered Securities of any series that may
be established pursuant to Section 2.03 (including any provision that
Unregistered Securities of such series initially be issued in the form of a
single global Unregistered Security to be delivered to a depositary or agency
located outside the United States and the procedures pursuant to which
definitive or global Unregistered Securities of such series would be issued in
exchange for such temporary global Unregistered Security).

                                    ARTICLE 3
                            COVENANTS OF THE ISSUER

         Section 3.01. Payment of Principal and Interest. The Issuer covenants
and agrees for the benefit of each series of Securities that it will duly and
punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of, and interest on, each of
the Securities of such series (together with any additional amounts payable
pursuant to the terms of such Securities) at the place or places, at the
respective times and in the manner provided in such Securities and in the
Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto and in this Indenture. The interest on
Securities with Coupons attached (together with any additional amounts payable
pursuant to the terms of such Securities) shall be payable only upon
presentation and surrender of the several Coupons for such interest installments
as are evidenced thereby as they severally mature. If any temporary Unregistered
Security provides that interest thereon may be paid while such Security is in
temporary form, the interest on any such temporary Unregistered Security
(together with any additional amounts payable pursuant to the terms of such
Security) shall be paid, as to the installments of interest evidenced by Coupons
attached thereto, if any, only upon presentation and surrender thereof, and, as
to the other installments of interest, if any, only upon presentation of such
Securities for notation thereon of the payment of such interest, in each case
subject to any restrictions that may be established pursuant to Section 2.03.
The interest on Registered Securities (together with any additional amounts
payable pursuant to the terms of such Securities) shall be payable only to or
upon the written order of the Holders thereof and, at the option of the Issuer,
may be paid by wire transfer or by mailing checks for such interest payable to
or upon the written order of such Holders at their last addresses as they appear
on the registry books of the Issuer.

         Section 3.02. Offices for Payments, etc. So long as any Registered
Securities are authorized for issuance pursuant to this Indenture or are
outstanding hereunder, the Issuer will maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, The
City of

                                       21
<PAGE>

New York, an office or agency where the Registered Securities of each series may
be presented for payment, where the Securities of each series may be presented
for exchange as is provided in this Indenture and, if applicable, pursuant to
Section 2.03 and where the Registered Securities of each series may be presented
for registration of transfer as in this Indenture provided.

         The Issuer initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee
in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, as its agency for the
foregoing purposes. The Issuer may subsequently appoint a different office or
agency of the Issuer in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York. The
Issuer further initially appoints the Trustee at said Corporate Trust Office as
Security registrar for each series of Securities. The Issuer will have the right
to remove and replace from time to time the Security registrar for any series of
Securities; provided that no such removal or replacement will be effective until
a successor Security registrar with respect to such series of Securities has
been appointed by the Issuer and has accepted such appointment.

         The Issuer will maintain one or more offices or agencies in a city or
cities located outside the United States (including any city in which such an
agency is required to be maintained under the rules of any stock exchange on
which the Securities of such series are listed) where the Unregistered
Securities, if any, of each series and Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto may
be presented for payment. No payment on any Unregistered Security or Coupon will
be made upon presentation of such Unregistered Security or Coupon at an agency
of the Issuer within the United States nor will any payment be made by transfer
to an account in, or by mail to an address in, the United States unless pursuant
to applicable United States laws and regulations then in effect such payment can
be made without adverse tax consequences to the Issuer. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, payments in Dollars of Unregistered Securities of any series and
Coupons appertaining thereto which are payable in Dollars may be made at an
agency of the Issuer maintained in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New
York if such payment in Dollars at each agency maintained by the Issuer outside
the United States for payment on such Unregistered Securities is illegal or
effectively precluded by exchange controls or other similar restrictions.

         The Issuer will maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New
York, an office or agency where notices and demands to or upon the Issuer in
respect of the Securities of any series, the Coupons appertaining thereto or
this Indenture may be served.

         The Issuer will give to the Trustee written notice of the location of
each such office or agency and of any change of location thereof. In case the
Issuer shall fail to maintain any agency required by this Section to be located
in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or shall fail to give such
notice of the location or of any change in the location of any of the above
agencies, presentations and demands may be made and notices may be served at the
Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.

                                       22
<PAGE>

         The Issuer may from time to time designate one or more additional
offices or agencies where the Securities of a series and any Coupons
appertaining thereto may be presented for payment, where the Securities of that
series may be presented for exchange as provided in this Indenture and pursuant
to Section 2.03 and where the Registered Securities of that series may be
presented for registration of transfer as in this Indenture provided, and the
Issuer may from time to time rescind any such designation, as the Issuer may
deem desirable or expedient; provided, however, that no such designation or
rescission shall in any manner relieve the Issuer of its obligation to maintain
the agencies provided for in this Section. The Issuer will give to the Trustee
prompt written notice of any such designation or rescission thereof.

         Section 3.03. Appointment to Fill a Vacancy in Office of Trustee. The
Issuer, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee,
will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 6.10, a Trustee, so that there
shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to each series of Securities
hereunder.

         Section 3.04. Paying Agents. Whenever the Issuer shall appoint a paying
agent other than the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series, it
will cause such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument
in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
this Section,

         (a) that it will hold all sums received by it as such agent for the
payment of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series
(whether such sums have been paid to it by the Issuer or by any other obligor on
the Securities of such series) in trust for the benefit of the Holders of the
Securities of such series, or Coupons appertaining thereto, if any, or of the
Trustee,

         (b) that it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Issuer
(or by any other obligor on the Securities of such series) to make any payment
of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series when the same
shall be due and payable, and

         (c) that it will pay any such sums so held in trust by it to the
Trustee upon the Trustee's written request at any time during the continuance of
the failure referred to in clause (b) above.

         The Issuer will, on or prior to each due date of the principal of or
interest on the Securities of such series, deposit with the paying agent a sum
sufficient to pay such principal or interest so becoming due, and (unless such
paying agent is the Trustee) the Issuer will promptly notify the Trustee of any
failure to take such action.

         If the Issuer shall act as its own paying agent with respect to the
Securities of any series, it will, on or before each due date of the principal
of or interest on the Securities of such series, set aside, segregate and hold
in trust for the benefit

                                       23
<PAGE>

of the Holders of the Securities of such series or the Coupons appertaining
thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal or interest so becoming due. The
Issuer will promptly notify the Trustee of any failure to take such action.

         Anything in this Section to the contrary notwithstanding, but subject
to Section 10.01, the Issuer may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining a
satisfaction and discharge with respect to one or more or all series of
Securities hereunder, or for any other reason, pay or cause to be paid to the
Trustee all sums held in trust for any such series by the Issuer or any paying
agent hereunder, as required by this Section, such sums to be held by the
Trustee upon the trusts herein contained.

         Anything in this Section to the contrary notwithstanding, the agreement
to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the provisions
of Sections 10.03 and 10.04.

         Section 3.05. Written Statement to Trustee. The Issuer will furnish to
the Trustee on or before March 31 in each year (beginning with March 31, 2005),
a brief certificate (which need not comply with Section 11.05) from the
principal executive, financial or accounting officer of the Issuer stating that
in the course of the performance by the signer of his duties as an officer of
the Issuer he would normally have knowledge of any default or non-compliance by
the Issuer in the performance of any covenants or conditions contained in this
Indenture, stating whether or not he has knowledge of any such default or
non-compliance and, if so, specifying each such default or non-compliance of
which the signer has knowledge and the nature thereof.

         Section 3.06. Luxembourg Publications. In the event of the publication
of any notice pursuant to Section 5.11, 6.10(a), 6.11, 8.02, 10.04, 12.02 or
12.05, the party making such publication in the Borough of Manhattan, The City
of New York and London shall also, to the extent that notice is required to be
given to Holders of Securities of any series by applicable Luxembourg law or
stock exchange regulation, as evidenced by an Officer's Certificate delivered to
such party, make a similar publication in Luxembourg.

                                    ARTICLE 4
         SECURITYHOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE ISSUER AND THE TRUSTEE

         Section 4.01. Issuer to Furnish Trustee Information as to Names and
Addresses of Securityholders. If and so long as the Trustee shall not be the
Security registrar for the Securities of any series, the Issuer and any other
obligor on the Securities will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee a
list in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and
addresses of the Holders of the Registered Securities of such series pursuant to
Section 312 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (a) semi-annually not more than
15 days after each record date for the payment of interest on such Registered
Securities, as

                                       24
<PAGE>

hereinabove specified, as of such record date and on dates to be determined
pursuant to Section 2.03 for non-interest bearing Registered Securities in each
year and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within
30 days after receipt by the Issuer of any such request as of a date not more
than 15 days prior to the time such information is furnished.

         Section 4.02. Preservation and Disclosure of Securityholders Lists.
This Section intentionally left blank.

         Section 4.03. Reports by the Issuer. The Issuer covenants to file with
the Trustee, within 15 days after the Issuer is required to file the same with
the Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents,
and other reports that the Issuer may be required to file with the Commission
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
or pursuant to Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.

         Section 4.04. Reports by the Trustee. Any Trustee's report required
under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 shall be transmitted on
or before July 15 in each year beginning July 15, 2005, as provided in Section
313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, so long as any Securities are
Outstanding hereunder, and shall be dated as of a date convenient to the Trustee
no more than 60 days prior thereto.

                                    ARTICLE 5
   REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON DEFAULT OR EVENT OF DEFAULT

         Section 5.01. Event of Default Defined; Acceleration of Maturity;
Waiver of Event of Default. "Event of Default" with respect to Securities of any
series wherever used herein, means each one of the following events which shall
have occurred and be continuing (whatever the reason for such Event of Default
and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of
law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule
or regulation of any administrative or governmental body) unless it is
specifically modified in the supplemental indenture, if any, under which such
series of Securities is issued:

         (a) a court having jurisdiction in the premises shall enter a decree or
order for relief in respect of the Issuer in an involuntary case under any
applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in
effect, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee,
sequestrator (or similar official) of the Issuer or for any substantial part of
its property or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and such
decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 60
consecutive days; or

                                       25
<PAGE>

        (b) the Issuer shall commence a voluntary case under any applicable
bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or
consent to the entry of an order for relief in an involuntary case under any
such law, or consent to the appointment or taking possession by a receiver,
liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of
the Issuer or for any substantial part of its property, or make any general
assignment for the benefit of creditors; or

         (c) any other Event of Default provided in the supplemental indenture
under which such series of Securities is issued or in the form of Security for
such series.

         If an Event of Default described in clause (c) (if the Event of Default
under clause (c) is with respect to less than all series of Securities then
Outstanding) occurs and is continuing, then, and in each and every such case,
except for any series of Securities the principal of which shall have already
become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25%
in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each such affected series
then Outstanding hereunder (voting as a single class) by notice in writing to
the Issuer (and to the Trustee if given by Securityholders), may declare the
entire principal (or, if any of the Securities of any such affected series are
Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may
be specified in the terms of such Securities) of all Securities of all such
affected series, and the interest accrued thereon, if any, to be due and payable
immediately, and upon any such declaration, the same shall become immediately
due and payable. If an Event of Default described in clause (a), (b) or (c) (if
the Event of Default under clause (c) is with respect to all series of
Securities then Outstanding) occurs and is continuing, then and in each and
every such case, unless the principal of all the Securities shall have already
become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25%
in aggregate principal amount of all the Securities then Outstanding hereunder
(treated as one class), by notice in writing to the Issuer (and to the Trustee
if given by Secruityholders), may declare the entire principal (or, if any
Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal
as may be specified in the terms thereof) of all the Securities then
Outstanding, and interest accrued thereon, if any, to be due and payable
immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become immediately due
and payable.

         The foregoing provisions, however, are subject to the condition that
if, at any time after the principal (or, if the Securities are Original Issue
Discount Securities, such portion of the principal as may be specified in the
terms thereof) of the Securities of any series (or of all the Securities, as the
case may be) shall have been so declared due and payable, and before any
judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or
entered as hereinafter provided, the Issuer shall pay or shall deposit with the
Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all
the Securities of each such series (or of all the Securities, as the case may
be) and the principal of any and all

                                       26
<PAGE>

Securities of each such series (or of all the Securities, as the case may be)
which shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest upon
such principal and, to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable
under applicable law, on overdue installments of interest, at the same rate as
the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue
Discount Securities) specified in the Securities of such series (or at the
respective rates of interest or Yields to Maturity of all the Securities, as the
case may be) to the date of such payment or deposit) and such amount as shall be
sufficient to cover reasonable compensation to the Trustee and each predecessor
Trustee, its agents, attorneys and counsel, and all other expenses and
liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and each predecessor
Trustee except as a result of negligence or bad faith, and if any and all
Defaults under the Indenture, other than the non-payment of the principal of
Securities which shall have become due by acceleration, shall have been cured,
waived or otherwise remedied as provided herein -- then and in every such case
the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of all the Securities of
each such series or of all the Securities, in each case voting as a single
class, then Outstanding, by written notice to the Issuer and to the Trustee, may
waive all defaults with respect to each such series (or with respect to all the
Securities, as the case may be) and rescind and annul such declaration and its
consequences, but no such waiver or rescission and annulment shall extend to or
shall affect any subsequent Default or shall impair any right consequent
thereon.

         For all purposes under this Indenture, if a portion of the principal of
any Original Issue Discount Securities shall have been accelerated and declared
due and payable pursuant to the provisions hereof, then, from and after such
declaration, unless such declaration has been rescinded and annulled, the
principal amount of such Original Issue Discount Securities shall be deemed, for
all purposes hereunder, to be such portion of the principal thereof as shall be
due and payable as a result of such acceleration, and payment of such portion of
the principal thereof as shall be due and payable as a result of such
acceleration, together with interest, if any, thereon and all other amounts
owing thereunder, shall constitute payment in full of such Original Issue
Discount Securities.

         Section 5.02. Collection of Indebtedness by Trustee; Trustee May Prove
Debt. The Issuer covenants that (a) in case default shall be made in the payment
of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of any series when such
interest shall have become due and payable, and such default shall have
continued for a period of 30 days or (b) in case default shall be made in the
payment of all or any part of the principal of any of the Securities of any
series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of
the Securities of such series or upon any redemption or by declaration or
otherwise -- then upon demand of the Trustee, the Issuer will pay to the Trustee
for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such series the whole amount
that then shall have become due and payable on all Securities of such series,
and such Coupons, for principal or interest, as the case may be (with interest
to the date of such payment

                                       27
<PAGE>

upon the overdue principal and, to the extent that payment of such interest is
enforceable under applicable law, on overdue installments of interest at the
same rate as the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original
Issue Discount Securities) specified in the Securities of such series); and in
addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs
and expenses of collection, including reasonable compensation to the Trustee and
each predecessor Trustee, their respective agents, attorneys and counsel, and
any expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and
each predecessor Trustee except as a result of its negligence or bad faith.

         Until such demand is made by the Trustee, the Issuer may pay the
principal of and interest on the Securities of any series to the Holders,
whether or not the Securities of such series be overdue.

         In case the Issuer shall fail forthwith to pay such amounts upon such
demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall
be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in
equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any
such action or proceedings to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such
judgment or final decree against the Issuer or other obligor upon the Securities
and collect in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Issuer or
other obligor upon the Securities, wherever situated the moneys adjudged or
decreed to be payable.

         In case there shall be pending proceedings relative to the Issuer or
any other obligor upon the Securities under Title 11 of the United States Code
or any other applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar
law, or in case a receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization,
liquidator, sequestrator or similar official shall have been appointed for or
taken possession of the Issuer or its property or such other obligor, or in case
of any other comparable judicial proceedings relative to the Issuer or other
obligor upon the Securities, or to the creditors or property of the Issuer or
such other obligor, the Trustee, irrespective of whether the principal of the
Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration
or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand
pursuant to the provisions of this Section, shall be entitled and empowered, by
intervention in such proceedings or otherwise:

         (a) to file and prove a claim or claims for the whole amount of
principal and interest (or, if the Securities of any series are Original Issue
Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in
the terms of such series) owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities of any
series, and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or
advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for
reasonable compensation to the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee, and their
respective agents, attorneys and counsel, and for reimbursement of all expenses
and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and each
predecessor Trustee, except as a result of

                                       28
<PAGE>

negligence or bad faith) and of the Securityholders allowed in any judicial
proceedings relative to the Issuer or other obligor upon the Securities, or to
the creditors or property of the Issuer or such other obligor,

        (b) unless prohibited by applicable law and regulations, to vote on
behalf of the holders of the Securities of any series in any election of a
trustee or a standby trustee in arrangement, reorganization, liquidation or
other bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings or Person performing similar
functions in comparable proceedings, and

         (c) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or
deliverable on any such claims, and to distribute all amounts received with
respect to the claims of the Securityholders and of the Trustee on their behalf;
and any trustee, receiver, or liquidator, custodian or other similar official is
hereby authorized by each of the Securityholders to make payments to the
Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of
payments directly to the Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee such amounts as
shall be sufficient to cover reasonable compensation to the Trustee, each
predecessor Trustee and their respective agents, attorneys and counsel, and all
other expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee
and each predecessor Trustee except as a result of negligence or bad faith.

         Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or vote for or accept or adopt on behalf of any
Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or
composition affecting the Securities of any series or the rights of any Holder
thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any
Securityholder in any such proceeding except, as aforesaid, to vote for the
election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar Person.

         All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or
under any of the Securities of any series or Coupons appertaining to such
Securities, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the
Securities of such series or Coupons appertaining to such Securities or the
production thereof on any trial or other proceedings relative thereto, and any
such action or proceedings instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own
name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment, subject to
the payment of the expenses, disbursements and compensation of the Trustee, each
predecessor Trustee and their respective agents and attorneys, shall be for the
ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities or Coupons appertaining to such
Securities in respect of which such action was taken.

         In any proceedings brought by the Trustee (and also any proceedings
involving the interpretation of any provision of this Indenture to which the
Trustee shall be a party) the Trustee shall be held to represent all the Holders
of the Securities or Coupons appertaining to such Securities in respect to which
such action was taken, and it shall not be necessary to make any Holders of such

                                       29
<PAGE>

Securities or Coupons appertaining to such Securities parties to any such
proceedings.

         Section 5.03. Application of Proceeds. Any moneys collected by the
Trustee pursuant to this Article in respect of any series shall, subject to the
subordination provisions hereof, be applied in the following order at the date
or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on
account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the several Securities
and Coupons appertaining to such Securities in respect of which monies have been
collected and stamping (or otherwise noting) thereon the payment, or issuing
Securities of such series in reduced principal amounts in exchange for the
presented Securities of like series if only partially paid, or upon surrender
thereof if fully paid:

                  FIRST: To the payment of costs and expenses applicable to such
         series in respect of which moneys have been collected, including
         reasonable compensation to the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee and
         their respective agents and attorneys and of all expenses and
         liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and each
         predecessor Trustee except as a result of negligence or bad faith;

                  SECOND: In case the principal of the Securities of such series
         in respect of which moneys have been collected shall not have become
         and be then due and payable, to the payment of interest on the
         Securities of such series in default in the order of the maturity of
         the installments of such interest, with interest (to the extent that
         such interest has been collected by the Trustee) upon the overdue
         installments of interest at the same rate as the rate of interest or
         Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities)
         specified in such Securities, such payments to be made ratably to the
         Persons entitled thereto, without discrimination or preference;

                  THIRD: In case the principal of the Securities of such series
         in respect of which moneys have been collected shall have become and
         shall be then due and payable, to the payment of the whole amount then
         owing and unpaid upon all the Securities of such series for principal
         and interest, with interest upon the overdue principal, and (to the
         extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee) upon
         overdue installments of interest at the same rate as the rate of
         interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount
         Securities) specified in the Securities of such series; and in case
         such moneys shall be insufficient to pay in full the whole amount so
         due and unpaid upon the Securities of such series, then to the payment
         of such principal and interest or Yield to Maturity, without preference
         or priority of principal over interest or Yield to Maturity, or of
         interest or Yield to Maturity over principal, or of any installment of
         interest over any other installment of interest, or of any Security of
         such

                                       30
<PAGE>

         series over any other Security of such series, ratably to the aggregate
         of such principal and accrued and unpaid interest or Yield to Maturity;
         and

                  FOURTH: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Issuer
         or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto.

         Section 5.04. Suits for Enforcement. In case a Default has occurred,
has not been waived and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed
to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such
appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to
protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in
bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or
agreement contained in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power
granted in this Indenture or to enforce any other legal or equitable right
vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.

         Section 5.05. Restoration of Rights on Abandonment of Proceedings. In
case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right under this Indenture
and such proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned for any reason,
or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such
case the Issuer and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former
positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the
Issuer, the Trustee and the Securityholders shall continue as though no such
proceedings had been taken.

         Section 5.06. Limitations on Suits by Securityholders; Default Defined.
No Holder of any Security of any series or of any Coupon appertaining thereto
shall have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture
to institute any action or proceeding at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or
otherwise upon or under or with respect to this Indenture, or for the
appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar
official or for any other remedy hereunder, unless such Holder previously shall
have given to the Trustee written notice of default and of the continuance
thereof, as hereinbefore provided, and unless also the Holders of not less than
25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each affected series then
Outstanding (treated as a single class) shall have made written request upon the
Trustee to institute such action or proceedings in its own name as trustee
hereunder and shall have offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it
may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein
or thereby and the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request
and offer of indemnity shall have failed to institute any such action or
proceeding and no direction inconsistent with such written request shall have
been given to the Trustee pursuant to Section 5.09; it being understood and
intended, and being expressly covenanted by the taker and Holder of every
Security or Coupon with every other taker and Holder and the Trustee, that no
one or more Holders of Securities of any series or Coupons appertaining to such
Securities shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue or by availing
of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or

                                       31
<PAGE>

prejudice the rights of any other such Holder of Securities or Coupons
appertaining to such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or
preference to any other such Holder or to enforce any right under this
Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and
common benefit of all Holders of Securities of the applicable series and Coupons
appertaining to such Securities. For the protection and enforcement of the
provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall
be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.

         "Default" with respect to Securities of any series wherever used
herein, means each one of the following events which shall have occurred and be
continuing (whatever the reason for such Default and whether it shall be
voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any
judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any
administrative or governmental body) unless it is specifically deleted or
modified in the supplemental indenture, if any, under which such series of
Securities is issued:

         (a) default in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of
the Securities of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable,
and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

         (b) default in the payment of all or any part of the principal on any
of the Securities of such series as and when the same shall become due and
payable either at maturity, upon any redemption, by declaration or otherwise; or

         (c) failure on the part of the Issuer duly to observe or perform any
other of the covenants or agreements on the part of the Issuer in the Securities
of such series (other than a covenant or warranty in respect of the Securities
of such series a default in the performance or breach of which is elsewhere in
this Section or in Section 5.01 specifically dealt with) or contained in this
Indenture for a period of 60 days after the date on which written notice
specifying such failure, stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default"
hereunder and demanding that the Issuer remedy the same, shall have been given
by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, to the Issuer by the
Trustee, or to the Issuer and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in
aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series affected
thereby; or

         (d) an Event of Default with respect to such series specified in
Section 5.01; or

         (e) any other Default provided in the supplemental indenture under
which such series of Securities is issued or in the form of Security for such
series.

         Section 5.07. Unconditional Right of Securityholders to Institute
Certain Suits. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture and any
provision of any Security, the right of any Holder of any Security or Coupon to
receive payment of the principal of and interest on such Security or Coupon on
or after

                                       32
<PAGE>

the respective due dates expressed in such Security or Coupon, or to institute
suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates,
shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder.

         Section 5.08. Powers and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not
Waiver of Default. Except as provided in Section 5.06, no right or remedy herein
conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities or
Coupons is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every
right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in
addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter
existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any
right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent
assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

         No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of Securities or
Coupons to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Default occurring and
continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power or shall be
construed to be a waiver of any such Default or an acquiescence therein; and,
subject to Section 5.06, every power and remedy given by this Indenture or by
law to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities or Coupons may be exercised
from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or
by the Holders of Securities or Coupons.

         Section 5.09. Control by Holders of Securities. The Holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected
(with all such series voting as a single class) at the time Outstanding shall
have the right to direct the time, method, and place of conducting any
proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or
power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series by
this Indenture; provided that such direction shall not be otherwise than in
accordance with law and the provisions of this Indenture and provided further
that (subject to the provisions of Section 6.01) the Trustee shall have the
right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee, being advised by
counsel, shall determine that the action or proceeding so directed may not
lawfully be taken or if the Trustee in good faith by its board of directors, the
executive committee, or a trust committee of directors or Responsible Officers
of the Trustee shall determine that the action or proceedings so directed would
involve the Trustee in personal liability or if the Trustee in good faith shall
so determine that the actions or forbearances specified in or pursuant to such
direction would be unduly prejudicial to the interests of Holders of the
Securities of all series so affected not joining in the giving of said
direction, it being understood that (subject to Section 6.01) the Trustee shall
have no duty to ascertain whether or not such actions or forbearances are unduly
prejudicial to such Holders.

         Nothing in this Indenture shall impair the right of the Trustee in its
discretion to take any action deemed proper by the Trustee and which is not
inconsistent with such direction or directions by Securityholders.

                                       33
<PAGE>

         Section 5.10. Waiver of Past Defaults. Prior to the acceleration of the
maturity of any Securities as provided in Section 5.01, the Holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of all series at the
time Outstanding with respect to which a Default shall have occurred and be
continuing (voting as a single class) may on behalf of the Holders of all such
Securities waive any past default or Default and its consequences, except a
default in the payment of principal or interest (unless such default has been
cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and
principal due otherwise than by acceleration has been deposited with the
Trustee) or a default in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which cannot
be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Security
affected. In the case of any such waiver, the Issuer, the Trustee and the
Holders of all such Securities shall be restored to their former positions and
rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any
subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

         Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist and be deemed
to have been cured and not to have occurred, and any Default or Event of Default
arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, and not to have occurred
for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any
subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent
thereon.

         Section 5.11. Trustee to Give Notice of Default, But May Withhold In
Certain Circumstances. The Trustee shall, within ninety days after the
occurrence of a default with respect to the Securities of any series, give
notice of all defaults with respect to that series known to the Trustee (i) if
any Unregistered Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, to the
Holders thereof, (A) by mail to such Holders who have filed their names and
addresses with the Trustee within the two years preceding the notice at such
addresses as were so furnished to the Trustee and (B) either through the
customary notice provisions of the clearing system or systems through which
beneficial interests in such Unregistered Securities are owned if such
Unregistered Securities are held only in global form or by publication at least
once in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New
York, and at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in London (and, if required
by Section 3.06, at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg), and
(ii) if any Registered Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, by
mailing notice to the Holders of then Outstanding Registered Securities of each
series affected at their addresses as they shall appear on the registry books,
unless in each case such defaults shall have been cured before the mailing or
publication of such notice (the term "defaults" for the purpose of this Section
being hereby defined to mean any event or condition which is, or with notice or
lapse of time or both would become, a Default or Event of Default); provided
that, except in the case of default in the payment of the principal of or
interest on any of the Securities of such series, or in the payment of any
sinking fund installment on such series, the Trustee shall be

                                       34
<PAGE>

protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors,
the executive committee, or a trust committee of directors or trustees and/or
Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determines that the
withholding of such notice is in the interests of the Securityholders of such
series.

         Section 5.12. Right of Court to Require Filing of Undertaking to Pay
Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security or
Coupon by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court
may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or
remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action
taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in
such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court
may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys'
fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits
and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the
provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder or group of
Securityholders of any series holding in the aggregate more than 10% in
aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series, or, in the case of
any suit relating to or arising under clause (c) of Section 5.01 or clause (c)
or (e) of Section 5.06 (if the suit relates to Securities of more than one but
less than all series), 10% in aggregate principal amount of Securities then
Outstanding and affected thereby, or in the case of any suit relating to or
arising under clause (a) or (b) of Section 5.01, 10% in aggregate principal
amount of all Securities then Outstanding, or to any suit instituted by any
Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or
interest on any Security on or after the due date expressed in such Security or
any date fixed for redemption.

                                    ARTICLE 6
                             CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

         Section 6.01. Duties and Responsibilities of the Trustee; During
Default; Prior to Default. With respect to the Holders of any series of
Securities issued hereunder, the Trustee, prior to the occurrence of a Default
with respect to the Securities of a particular series and after the curing or
waiving of all Defaults which may have occurred with respect to such series,
undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set
forth in this Indenture. In case a Default with respect to the Securities of a
series has occurred (which has not been cured or waived) the Trustee shall
exercise with respect to such series of Securities such of the rights and powers
vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in
their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances
in the conduct of his own affairs.

                                       35
<PAGE>

         No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the
Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure
to act or its own willful misconduct, except that

         (a) prior to the occurrence of a Default with respect to the Securities
of any series and after the curing or waiving of all such Defaults with respect
to such series which may have occurred:

                  (i) the duties and obligations of the Trustee with respect to
         the Securities of any series shall be determined solely by the express
         provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable
         except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are
         specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or
         obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

                  (ii) in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee,
         the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements
         and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any
         statements, certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and
         conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of
         any such statements, certificates or opinions which by any provision
         hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the
         Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether
         or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture;

         (b) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in
good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee,
unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the
pertinent facts; and

         (c) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or
omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the
Holders pursuant to Section 5.09 relating to the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture.

         None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the
Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial
liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of
its rights or powers, if there shall be reasonable ground for believing that the
repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such liability is not
reasonably assured to it.

         The provisions of this Section 6.01 are in furtherance of and subject
to Section 315 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.

                                       36
<PAGE>

         Section 6.02. Certain Rights of the Trustee. In furtherance of and
subject to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, and subject to Section 6.01:

         (a) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining
from acting upon any resolution, Officer's Certificate or any other certificate,
statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond,
debenture, note, coupon, security or other paper or document believed by it to
be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

         (b) any request, direction, order or demand of the Issuer mentioned
herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Officer's Certificate (unless other
evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed); and any
resolution of the Board of Directors may be evidenced to the Trustee by a copy
thereof certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Issuer;

         (c) the Trustee may consult with counsel and any written advice or any
Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in
respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it hereunder in
good faith and in reliance thereon in accordance with such advice or Opinion of
Counsel;

         (d) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
trusts or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or
direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this
Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee
reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities
which might be incurred therein or thereby;

         (e) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted by
it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion,
rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

         (f) prior to the occurrence of a Default hereunder and after the curing
or waiving of all Defaults, the Trustee shall not be bound to make any
investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate,
statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order,
approval, appraisal, bond, debenture, note, coupon, security, or other paper or
document unless requested in writing so to do by the Holders of not less than a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of all series affected
then Outstanding; provided that, if the payment within a reasonable time to the
Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the
making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably
assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this
Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such expenses or
liabilities as a condition to proceeding; the reasonable expenses of every such
investigation shall be paid by the Issuer or, if paid by the Trustee or any
predecessor Trustee, shall be repaid by the Issuer upon demand; and

                                       37
<PAGE>

         (g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys not regularly in its employ and the Trustee shall not be responsible
for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent or attorney
appointed with due care by it hereunder.

         Section 6.03. Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals, Disposition of
Securities or Application of Proceeds Thereof. The recitals contained herein and
in the Securities, except the Trustee's certificates of authentication, shall be
taken as the statements of the Issuer, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility
for the correctness of the same. The Trustee makes no representation as to the
validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities or Coupons. The
Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Issuer of any
of the Securities or of the proceeds thereof.

         Section 6.04. Trustee and Agents May Hold Securities or Coupons;
Collections, etc. The Trustee or any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee, in its
individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities
or Coupons with the same rights it would have if it were not the Trustee or such
agent and may otherwise deal with the Issuer and receive, collect, hold and
retain collections from the Issuer with the same rights it would have if it were
not the Trustee or such agent.

         Section 6.05. Moneys Held by Trustee. Subject to the provisions of
Section 10.04 hereof, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or
applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they
were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent
required by mandatory provisions of law. Neither the Trustee nor any agent of
the Issuer or the Trustee shall be under any liability for interest on any
moneys received by it hereunder.

         Section 6.06. Compensation and Indemnification of Trustee and Its Prior
Claim. The Issuer covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee from time to time,
and the Trustee shall be entitled to, reasonable compensation (which shall not
be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of
an express trust) and the Issuer covenants and agrees to pay or reimburse the
Trustee and each predecessor Trustee upon its request for all reasonable
expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by or on behalf of it in
accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the
reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of
all agents and other Persons not regularly in its employ) except any such
expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith.
The Issuer also covenants to indemnify the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee
for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred
without negligence or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection
with the acceptance or administration of this Indenture or the trusts hereunder
and its duties hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself
against or investigating any

                                       38
<PAGE>

claim of liability in the premises. The obligations of the Issuer under this
Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee and
to pay or reimburse the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee for expenses,
disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder
and shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. Such
additional indebtedness shall be a senior claim to that of the Securities upon
all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds
held in trust for the benefit of the Holders of particular Securities or
Coupons, and the Securities are hereby subordinated to such senior claim.

         Section 6.07. Right of Trustee to Rely on Officer's Certificate, etc.
Subject to Sections 6.01 and 6.02, whenever in the administration of the trusts
of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it necessary or desirable that a matter
be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting any action
hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein
specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the
part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an
Officer's Certificate delivered to the Trustee, and such certificate, in the
absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full
warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it under the
provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.

         Section 6.08. Indentures Not Creating Potential Conflicting Interests
for the Trustee. The following indenture is hereby specifically described for
the purposes of Section 310(b)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939: the
Amended and Restated Subordinated Indenture, dated as of May 1, 1999, between
Morgan Stanley (formerly known as Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Co.) and J.P.
Morgan Trust Company, National Association (as successor in interest to Bank One
Trust Company, N.A., successor to The First National Bank of Chicago), Trustee,
and this Indenture with respect to the Securities of any other series.

         Section 6.09. Persons Eligible for Appointment as Trustee. The Trustee
for each series of Securities hereunder shall at all times be a corporation
organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or
of any State or the District of Columbia having a combined capital and surplus
of at least $5,000,000, and which is authorized under such laws to exercise
corporate trust powers and is subject to supervision or examination by Federal,
State or District of Columbia authority. Such corporation shall have a place of
business in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York if there be such a
corporation in such location willing to act upon reasonable and customary terms
and conditions. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least
annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or
examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital
and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and
surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. In
case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section,

                                       39
<PAGE>

the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified
in Section 6.10.

         The provisions of this Section 6.09 are in furtherance of and subject
to Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.

         Section 6.10. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor
Trustee. (a) The Trustee, or any trustee or trustees hereafter appointed, may at
any time resign with respect to one or more or all series of Securities by
giving written notice of resignation to the Issuer (i) if any Unregistered
Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, by giving notice of such
resignation to the Holders thereof (A) by mail to such Holders who have filed
their names and addresses with the Trustee within the two years preceding the
notice at such addresses as were so furnished to the Trustee and (B) either
through the customary notice provisions of the clearing system or systems
through which beneficial interests in such Unregistered Securities are owned if
such Unregistered Securities are held only in global form or by publication at
least once in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of
New York, and at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in London (and, if
required by Section 3.06, at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in
Luxembourg), and (ii) if any Registered Securities of a series affected are then
Outstanding, by mailing notice of such resignation to the Holders of then
Outstanding Registered Securities of each series affected at their addresses as
they shall appear on the registry books. Upon receiving such notice of
resignation, the Issuer shall promptly appoint a successor trustee or trustees
with respect to the applicable series by written instrument in duplicate,
executed by authority of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument
shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor
trustee or trustees. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed with
respect to any series and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the
mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning trustee may petition any
court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee, or
any Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security or Securities
of the applicable series for at least six months may, subject to the provisions
of Section 5.12, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated,
petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court
may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe,
appoint a successor trustee.

         (b) In case at any time any of the following shall occur:

                  (i) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of
         Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 with respect to any
         series of Securities after written request therefor by the Issuer or by
         any Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security or
         Securities of such series for at least six months; or

                                       40
<PAGE>

                   (ii) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance
         with the provisions of Section 6.09 and Section 310(a) of the Trust
         Indenture Act of 1939 and shall fail to resign after written request
         therefor by the Issuer or by any Securityholder; or

                  (iii) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting with
         respect to any series of Securities, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or
         insolvent, or a receiver or liquidator of the Trustee or of its
         property shall be appointed, or any public officer shall take charge or
         control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of
         rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;

then, in any such case, the Issuer may remove the Trustee with respect to the
applicable series of Securities and appoint a successor trustee for such series
by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors
of the Issuer, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so
removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or, subject to the provisions of
Section 315(e) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, any Securityholder who has
been a bona fide Holder of a Security or Securities of such series for at least
six months may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition
any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the
appointment of a successor trustee with respect to such series. Such court may
thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe,
remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.

         (c) The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of each series at the time outstanding may at any time remove the
Trustee with respect to Securities of such series and appoint a successor
trustee with respect to the Securities of such series by delivering to the
Trustee so removed, to the successor trustee so appointed and to the Issuer the
evidence provided for in Section 7.01 of the action in that regard taken by the
Securityholders.

         (d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee with respect to any
series and any appointment of a successor trustee with respect to such series
pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section 6.10 shall become effective
upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section
6.11.

         Section 6.11. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor Trustee. Any
successor trustee appointed as provided in Section 6.10 shall execute and
deliver to the Issuer and to its predecessor trustee an instrument accepting
such appointment hereunder, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the
predecessor trustee with respect to all or any applicable series shall become
effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all rights, powers, duties and obligations
with respect to such series of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if
originally named as trustee for such series hereunder; but, nevertheless, on the
written request of the

                                       41
<PAGE>

Issuer or of the successor trustee, upon payment of its charges then unpaid, the
trustee ceasing to act shall, subject to Section 10.04, pay over to the
successor trustee all moneys at the time held by it hereunder and shall execute
and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all such
rights, powers, duties and obligations. Upon request of any such successor
trustee, the Issuer shall execute any and all instruments in writing for more
fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor trustee all such
rights and powers. Any trustee ceasing to act shall, nevertheless, retain a
prior claim upon all property or funds held or collected by such trustee to
secure any amounts then due it pursuant to the provisions of Section 6.06.

         If a successor trustee is appointed with respect to the Securities of
one or more (but not all) series, the Issuer, the predecessor trustee and each
successor trustee with respect to the Securities of any applicable series shall
execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto which shall contain such
provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the predecessor trustee with respect to the
Securities of any series as to which the predecessor trustee is not retiring
shall continue to be vested in the predecessor trustee, and shall add to or
change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide
for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one
Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental
indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that
each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts under separate
indentures.

         No successor trustee with respect to any series of Securities shall
accept appointment as provided in this Section 6.11 unless at the time of such
acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified under Section 310(b) of the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and eligible under the provisions of Section 6.09.

         Upon acceptance of appointment by any successor trustee as provided in
this Section 6.11, the Issuer shall give notice thereof (i) if any Unregistered
Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, to the Holders thereof,
(A) by mail to such Holders who have filed their names and addresses with the
Trustee within the two years preceding the notice at such addresses as were so
furnished to the Trustee and (B) either through the customary notice provisions
of the clearing system or systems through which beneficial interests in such
Unregistered Securities are owned if such Unregistered Securities are held only
in global form or by publication at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in the
Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, and at least once in an Authorized
Newspaper in London (and, if required by Section 3.06, at least once in an
Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg), and (ii) if any Registered Securities of a
series affected are then Outstanding, by mailing notice to the Holders of then
Outstanding Registered Securities of each series affected at their addresses as
they shall appear on the registry books. If the acceptance of appointment is
substantially contemporaneous with the resignation, then the notice called for
by the preceding sentence may be combined with the notice called for by Section

                                       42
<PAGE>

6.10. If the Issuer fails to give such notice within ten days after acceptance
of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such
notice to be given at the expense of the Issuer.

         Section 6.12. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to
Business of Trustee. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a
party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the
corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee
hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under Section
310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and eligible under the provisions of
Section 6.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on
the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary
notwithstanding.

         In case at the time such successor to the Trustee shall succeed to the
trusts created by this Indenture any of the Securities of any series shall have
been authenticated but not delivered, any such successor to the Trustee may
adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor Trustee and deliver
such Securities so authenticated; and, in case at that time any of the
Securities of any series shall not have been authenticated, any successor to the
Trustee may authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor
hereunder or in the name of the successor Trustee; and in all such cases such
certificate shall have the full force which it is anywhere in the Securities of
such series or in this Indenture provided that the certificate of the Trustee
shall have; provided, that the right to adopt the certificate of authentication
of any predecessor Trustee or to authenticate Securities of any series in the
name of any predecessor Trustee shall apply only to its successor or successors
by merger, conversion or consolidation.

         Section 6.13. Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Issuer.

         This Section intentionally left blank.

         Section 6.14. Appointment of Authenticating Agent. As long as any
Securities of a series remain Outstanding, the Trustee may, by an instrument in
writing, appoint with the approval of the Issuer an authenticating agent (the
"Authenticating Agent") which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the
Trustee to authenticate Securities, including Securities issued upon exchange,
registration of transfer, partial redemption or pursuant to Section 2.09.
Securities of each such series authenticated by such Authenticating Agent shall
be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory
for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee. Whenever reference is made
in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities of any series
by the Trustee or to the Trustee's Certificate of Authentication, such reference
shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee
by an Authenticating Agent for such series and a Certificate of Authentication
executed on behalf of the Trustee by such Authenticating Agent. Such
Authenticating Agent shall at all

                                       43
<PAGE>

times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United
States of America or of any State, authorized under such laws to exercise
corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus of at least
$5,000,000 (determined as provided in Section 6.09 with respect to the Trustee)
and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authority.

         Any corporation into which any Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted, or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which any Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency business
of any Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be the Authenticating Agent with
respect to all series of Securities for which it served as Authenticating Agent
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
the Trustee or such Authenticating Agent. Any Authenticating Agent may at any
time, and if it shall cease to be eligible shall, resign by giving written
notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Issuer.

         Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination,
or in case at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section 6.14 with respect to one or more
series of Securities, the Trustee shall upon receipt of an Issuer Order appoint
a successor Authenticating Agent and the Issuer shall provide notice of such
appointment to all Holders of Securities of such series in the manner and to the
extent provided in Section 11.04. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon
acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all rights,
powers, duties and responsibilities of its predecessor hereunder, with like
effect as if originally named as Authenticating Agent. The Issuer agrees to pay
to the Authenticating Agent for such series from time to time reasonable
compensation. The Authenticating Agent for the Securities of any series shall
have no responsibility or liability for any action taken by it as such at the
direction of the Trustee.

         Sections 6.02, 6.03, 6.04, 6.06, 6.09 and 7.03 shall be applicable to
any Authenticating Agent.

                                    ARTICLE 7
                         CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS

         Section 7.01. Evidence of Action Taken by Securityholders. Any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action
provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by a specified percentage in
principal amount of the Securityholders of any or all series may be embodied in
and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed
by such specified percentage of Securityholders in person or by agent duly
appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such
action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered
to the

                                       44
<PAGE>

Trustee. Proof of execution of any instrument or of a writing appointing any
such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to
Sections 6.01 and 6.02) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Issuer, if
made in the manner provided in this Article.

         Section 7.02. Proof of Execution of Instruments and of Holding of
Securities. Subject to Sections 6.01 and 6.02, the execution of any instrument
by a Securityholder or his agent or proxy may be proved in the following manner:

         (a) The fact and date of the execution by any Holder of any instrument
may be proved by the certificate of any notary public or other officer of any
jurisdiction authorized to take acknowledgments of deeds or administer oaths
that the person executing such instruments acknowledged to him the execution
thereof, or by an affidavit of a witness to such execution sworn to before any
such notary or other such officer. Where such execution is by or on behalf of
any legal entity other than an individual, such certificate or affidavit shall
also constitute sufficient proof of the authority of the person executing the
same. The fact of the holding by any Holder of an Unregistered Security of any
series, and the identifying number of such Security and the date of his holding
the same, may be proved by the production of such Security or by a certificate
executed by any trust company, bank, banker or recognized securities dealer
wherever situated satisfactory to the Trustee, if such certificate shall be
deemed by the Trustee to be satisfactory. Each such certificate shall be dated
and shall state that on the date thereof a Security of such series bearing a
specified identifying number was deposited with or exhibited to such trust
company, bank, banker or recognized securities dealer by the Person named in
such certificate. Any such certificate may be issued in respect of one or more
Unregistered Securities of one or more series specified therein. The holding by
the Person named in any such certificate of any Unregistered Securities of any
series specified therein shall be presumed to continue for a period of one year
from the date of such certificate unless at the time of any determination of
such holding (i) another certificate bearing a later date issued in respect of
the same Securities shall be produced, or (ii) the Security of such series
specified in such certificate shall be produced by some other Person, or (iii)
the Security of such series specified in such certificate shall have ceased to
be Outstanding. Subject to Sections 6.01 and 6.02, the fact and date of the
execution of any such instrument and the amount and numbers of Securities of any
series held by the Person so executing such instrument and the amount and
numbers of any Security or Securities for such series may also be proven in
accordance with such reasonable rules and regulations as may be prescribed by
the Trustee for such series or in any other manner which the Trustee for such
series may deem sufficient.

         (b) In the case of Registered Securities, the ownership of such
Securities shall be proved by the Security register or by a certificate of the
Security registrar.

         The Issuer may set a record date for purposes of determining the
identity of Holders of Registered Securities of any series entitled to vote or
consent to any

                                       45
<PAGE>

action referred to in Section 7.01, which record date may be set at any time or
from time to time by notice to the Trustee, for any date or dates (in the case
of any adjournment or reconsideration) not more than 60 days nor less than five
days prior to the proposed date of such vote or consent, and thereafter,
notwithstanding any other provisions hereof, with respect to Registered
Securities of any series, only Holders of Registered Securities of such series
of record on such record date shall be entitled to so vote or give such consent
or revoke such vote or consent.

         Section 7.03. Holders to Be Treated as Owners. The Issuer, the Trustee
and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee may deem and treat the Person in
whose name any Security shall be registered upon the Security register for such
series as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security
shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing
thereon) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal
of and, subject to the provisions of this Indenture, interest on such Security
and for all other purposes; and neither the Issuer nor the Trustee nor any agent
of the Issuer or the Trustee shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.
The Issuer, the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee may treat the
Holder of any Unregistered Security and the Holder of any Coupon as the absolute
owner of such Unregistered Security or Coupon (whether or not such Unregistered
Security or Coupon shall be overdue) for the purpose of receiving payment
thereof or on account thereof and for all other purposes and neither the Issuer,
the Trustee, nor any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee shall be affected by any
notice to the contrary. All such payments so made to any such Person, or upon
his order, shall be valid, and, to the extent of the sum or sums so paid,
effectual to satisfy and discharge the liability for moneys payable upon any
such Unregistered Security or Coupon.

         Section 7.04. Securities Owned by Issuer Deemed not Outstanding. In
determining whether the Holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of
Outstanding Securities of any or all series have concurred in any direction,
consent or waiver under this Indenture, Securities which are owned by the Issuer
or any other obligor on the Securities with respect to which such determination
is being made or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled
by or under direct or indirect common control with the Issuer or any other
obligor on the Securities with respect to which such determination is being made
shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any
such determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether the
Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver
only Securities which the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.
Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as
Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the
pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee
is not the Issuer or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Person
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect
common control with the Issuer or any other obligor on the Securities. In case
of a dispute as to

                                       46
<PAGE>

such right, the advice of counsel shall be full protection in respect of any
decision made by the Trustee in accordance with such advice. Upon request of the
Trustee, the Issuer shall furnish to the Trustee promptly an Officer's
Certificate listing and identifying all Securities, if any, known by the Issuer
to be owned or held by or for the account of any of the above-described Persons;
and, subject to Sections 6.01 and 6.02, the Trustee shall be entitled to accept
such Officer's Certificate as conclusive evidence of the facts therein set forth
and of the fact that all Securities not listed therein are Outstanding for the
purpose of any such determination.

         Section 7.05. Right of Revocation of Action Taken. At any time prior to
(but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 7.01, of
the taking of any action by the Holders of the percentage in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of any or all series, as the case may be, specified in
this Indenture in connection with such action, any Holder of a Security the
serial number of which is shown by the evidence to be included among the serial
numbers of the Securities the Holders of which have consented to such action
may, by filing written notice at the Corporate Trust Office and upon proof of
holding as provided in this Article, revoke such action so far as concerns such
Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the Holder of any
Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future
Holders and owners of such Security and of any Securities issued in exchange or
substitution therefor or on registration of transfer thereof, irrespective of
whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon any such Security.
Any action taken by the Holders of the percentage in aggregate principal amount
of the Securities of any or all series, as the case may be, specified in this
Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the
Issuer, the Trustee and the Holders of all the Securities affected by such
action.

                                    ARTICLE 8
                            SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

         Section 8.01. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of
Securityholders. The Issuer, when authorized by a resolution of its Board of
Directors (which resolution may provide general terms or parameters for such
action and may provide that the specific terms of such action may be determined
in accordance with or pursuant to an Issuer Order), and the Trustee may from
time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental
hereto for one or more of the following purposes:

         (a) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge to the Trustee as
security for the Securities of one or more series any property or assets;

        (b) to evidence the succession of another corporation to the Issuer, or
successive successions, and the assumption by the successor corporation of the
covenants, agreements and obligations of the Issuer pursuant to Article 9;

                                       47
<PAGE>

         (c) to add to the covenants of the Issuer such further covenants,
restrictions, conditions or provisions as the Issuer and the Trustee shall
consider to be for the protection of the Holders of Securities or Coupons, and
to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a default in any
such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions a Default or
an Event of Default permitting the enforcement of all or any of the several
remedies provided in this Indenture as herein set forth; provided, that in
respect of any such additional covenant, restriction, condition or provision
such supplemental indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after
default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of
other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such a Default
or Event of Default or may limit the remedies available to the Trustee upon such
a Default or Event of Default or may limit the right of the Holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series to waive
such a Default or Event of Default;

        (d) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision
contained herein or in any supplemental indenture which may be defective or
inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in any supplemental
indenture, or to make any other provisions as the Issuer may deem necessary or
desirable, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the interests of
the Holders of the Securities or Coupons;

         (e) to establish the forms or terms of Securities of any series or of
the Coupons appertaining to such Securities as permitted by Sections 2.01 and
2.03; and

         (f) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder
by a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and
to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section
6.11.

         The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Issuer in the
execution of any such supplemental indenture, to make any further appropriate
agreements and stipulations which may be therein contained and to accept the
conveyance, transfer, assignment, mortgage or pledge of any property thereunder,
but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental
indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under
this Indenture or otherwise.

         Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section
may be executed without the consent of the Holders of any of the Securities at
the time outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 8.02.

         Section 8.02. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Securityholders.
With the consent (evidenced as provided in Article 7) of the Holders of not less
than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time

                                       48
<PAGE>

Outstanding of all series affected by such supplemental indenture (voting as one
class), the Issuer, when authorized by a resolution of its Board of Directors
(which resolution may provide general terms or parameters for such action and
may provide that the specific terms of such action may be determined in
accordance with or pursuant to an Issuer Order), and the Trustee may, from time
to time and at any time, enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental
hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or
eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental
indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of the
Securities of each such series or of the Coupons appertaining to such
Securities; provided, that no such supplemental indenture shall (a) (i) extend
the final maturity of any Security, (ii) reduce the principal amount thereof,
(iii) reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, (iv)
reduce any amount payable on redemption thereof, (v) make the principal thereof
(including any amount in respect of original issue discount), or interest
thereon payable in any coin or currency other than that provided in the
Securities and Coupons or in accordance with the terms thereof, (vi) modify or
amend any provisions for converting any currency into any other currency as
provided in the Securities or Coupons or in accordance with the terms thereof,
(vii) reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security
that would be due and payable upon an acceleration of the maturity thereof
pursuant to Section 5.01 or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant
to Section 5.02, (viii) modify or amend any provisions relating to the
conversion or exchange of the Securities or Coupons for securities of the Issuer
or of other entities or other property (or the cash value thereof), including
the determination of the amount of securities or other property (or cash) into
which the Securities shall be converted or exchanged, other than as provided in
the antidilution provisions or other similar adjustment provisions of the
Securities or Coupons or otherwise in accordance with the terms thereof, (ix)
alter the provisions of Section 11.11 or Section 11.12 or impair or affect the
right of any Securityholder to institute suit for the payment thereof or, if the
Securities provide therefor, any right of repayment at the option of the
Securityholder, in each case without the consent of the Holder of each Security
so affected, or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities of any series,
the consent of the Holders of which is required for any such supplemental
indenture, without the consent of the Holders of each Security so affected.

         A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or
other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for
the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies
the rights of Holders of Securities of such series, or of Coupons appertaining
to such Securities, with respect to such covenant or provision, shall be deemed
not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of
any other series or of the Coupons appertaining to such Securities.

         Upon the request of the Issuer, accompanied by a copy of a resolution
of the Board of Directors (which resolution may provide general terms or
parameters

                                       49
<PAGE>

for such action and may provide that the specific terms of such action may be 51
determined in accordance with or pursuant to an Issuer Order) certified by the
secretary or an assistant secretary of the Issuer authorizing the execution of
any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of
evidence of the consent of the Holders of the Securities as aforesaid and other
documents, if any, required by Section 7.01, the Trustee shall join with the
Issuer in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental
indenture affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this
Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but
shall not be obligated to, enter into such supplemental indenture.

         It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders under
this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental
indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the
substance thereof.

         Promptly after the execution by the Issuer and the Trustee of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee
shall give notice thereof (i) if any Unregistered Securities of a series
affected are then Outstanding, to the Holders thereof, (A) by mail to such
Holders who have filed their names and addresses with the Trustee within the two
years preceding the notice at such addresses as were so furnished to the Trustee
and (B) either through the customary notice provisions of the clearing system or
systems through which beneficial interests in such Unregistered Securities are
owned if such Unregistered Securities are held only in global form or by
publication at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of
Manhattan, The City of New York, and at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in
London (and, if required by Section 3.06, at least once in an Authorized
Newspaper in Luxembourg), and (ii) if any Registered Securities of a series
affected are then Outstanding, by mailing notice thereof by first class mail to
the Holders of then Outstanding Registered Securities of each series affected at
their addresses as they shall appear on the registry books, and in each case
such notice shall set forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental
indenture. Any failure of the Issuer to give such notice, or any defect therein,
shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such
supplemental indenture.

         Section 8.03. Effect of Supplemental Indenture. Upon the execution of
any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions hereof, this Indenture
shall be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and
the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities
under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Issuer and the Holders of Securities of
each series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined, exercised and
enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments,
and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and
be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and
all purposes.

                                       50
<PAGE>

         Section 8.04. Documents to Be Given to Trustee. The Trustee, subject to
the provisions of Sections 6.01 and 6.02, may receive an Officer's Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture
executed pursuant to this Article 8 complies with the applicable provisions of
this Indenture.

         Section 8.05. Notation on Securities in Respect of Supplemental
Indentures. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this
Article may bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee for such series as
to any matter provided for by such supplemental indenture or as to any action
taken by Securityholders. If the Issuer or the Trustee shall so determine, new
Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the
Trustee and the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture
contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Issuer,
authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Securities of
such series then Outstanding.

         Section 8.06. Subordination Unimpaired. This Indenture may not be
amended to alter the subordination of any of the Outstanding Securities without
the written consent of each holder of Senior Indebtedness then outstanding that
would be adversely affected thereby.

                                    ARTICLE 9
                    CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE OR CONVEYANCE

         Section 9.01. Covenant Not to Merge, Consolidate, Sell or Convey
Property Except Under Certain Conditions. The Issuer covenants that it will not
merge or consolidate with any other Person or sell, lease or convey all or
substantially all of its assets toany other Person, unless (a) either the Issuer
shall be the continuing corporation, or the successor corporation or the Person
which acquires by sale, lease or conveyance substantially all the assets of the
Issuer (if other than the Issuer) shall be a corporation organized under the
laws of the United States of America or any State thereof or the District of
Columbia and shall expressly assume the due and punctual payment of the
principal of and interest on all the Securities and Coupons, if any, according
to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all of
the covenants and conditions of this Indenture to be performed or observed by
the Issuer, by supplemental indenture satisfactory to the Trustee, executed and
delivered to the Trustee by such corporation, and (b) the Issuer, such Person or
such successor corporation, as the case may be, shall not, immediately after
such merger or consolidation, or such sale, lease or conveyance, be in default
in the performance of any such covenant or condition.

         Section 9.02. Successor Corporation Substituted. In case of any such
consolidation, merger, sale, lease or conveyance, and following such an

                                       51
<PAGE>

assumption by the successor corporation, such successor corporation shall
succeed to and be substituted for the Issuer, with the same effect as if it had
been named herein. Such successor corporation may cause to be signed, and may
issue either in its own name or in the name of the Issuer prior to such
succession any or all of the Securities issuable hereunder which together with
any Coupons appertaining thereto theretofore shall not have been signed by the
Issuer and delivered to the Trustee; and, upon the order of such successor
corporation, instead of the Issuer, and subject to all the terms, conditions and
limitations in this Indenture prescribed, the Trustee shall authenticate and
shall deliver any Securities together with any Coupons appertaining thereto
which previously shall have been signed and delivered by the officers of the
Issuer to the Trustee for authentication, and any Securities which such
successor corporation thereafter shall cause to be signed and delivered to the
Trustee for that purpose. All of the Securities so issued together with any
Coupons appertaining thereto shall in all respects have the same legal rank and
benefit under this Indenture as the Securities theretofore or thereafter issued
in accordance with the terms of this Indenture as though all of such Securities
had been issued at the date of the execution hereof.

         In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, lease or conveyance
such changes in phrasing and form (but not in substance) may be made in the
Securities and Coupons thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.

         In the event of any such sale or conveyance (other than a conveyance by
way of lease) the Issuer or any successor corporation which shall theretofore
have become such in the manner described in this Article shall be discharged
from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities and
may be liquidated and dissolved.

         Section 9.03. Opinion of Counsel Delivered to Trustee. The Trustee,
subject to the provisions of Sections 6.01 and 6.02, may receive an Opinion of
Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger, sale, lease
or conveyance, and any such assumption, and any such liquidation or dissolution,
complies with the applicable provisions of this Indenture.

                                   ARTICLE 10
            SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE; UNCLAIMED MONEYS

         Section 10.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. (a) If at any
time (i) the Issuer shall have paid or caused to be paid the principal of and
interest on all the Securities of any series Outstanding hereunder and all
unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto (other than Securities of such series and
Coupons appertaining thereto which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which
have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.09) as and when the same
shall have become due and payable, or (ii) the Issuer shall have delivered to
the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of any series theretofore
authenticated and all

                                       52
<PAGE>

unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto (other than any Securities of such series
and Coupons appertaining thereto which shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen
and which shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.09) or (iii)
in the case of any series of Securities where the exact amount (including the
currency of payment) of principal of and interest due on which can be determined
at the time of making the deposit referred to in clause (B) below, (A) all the
Securities of such series and all unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto not
theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and
payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are
to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to
the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and (B) the Issuer shall
have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust
funds the entire amount in cash (other than moneys repaid by the Trustee or any
paying agent to the Issuer in accordance with Section 10.04) or, in the case of
any series of Securities the payments on which may only be made in Dollars,
direct obligations of the United States of America, backed by its full faith and
credit ("U.S. Government Obligations"), maturing as to principal and interest at
such times and in such amounts as will insure the availability of cash, or a
combination thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm
of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, to pay (1) the principal and interest on all
Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto on each date that
such principal or interest is due and payable and (2) any mandatory sinking fund
payments on the dates on which such payments are due and payable in accordance
with the terms of the Indenture and the Securities of such series; and if, in
any such case, the Issuer shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums
payable hereunder by the Issuer with respect to the Securities of such series,
then this Indenture shall cease to be of further effect with respect to the
Securities of such series and the Coupons appertaining thereto (except as to (i)
rights of registration of transfer and exchange of Securities of such Series and
of Coupons appertaining thereto and the Issuer's right of optional redemption,
if any, (ii) substitution of mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen
Securities or Coupons, (iii) rights of holders of Securities and Coupons
appertaining thereto to receive payments of principal thereof and interest
thereon, upon the original stated due dates therefor (but not upon
acceleration), and remaining rights of the Holders to receive mandatory sinking
fund payments, if any, (iv) the rights, obligations, duties and immunities of
the Trustee hereunder, (v) the rights of the Holders of Securities of such
series and Coupons appertaining thereto as beneficiaries hereof with respect to
the property so deposited with the Trustee payable to all or any of them, and
(vi) the obligations of the Issuer under Section 3.02) and the Trustee, on
demand of the Issuer accompanied by an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of
Counsel and at the cost and expense of the Issuer, shall execute proper
instruments acknowledging such satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture as
to such series; provided, that the rights of Holders of the Securities and
Coupons to receive amounts in respect of principal of and interest on the
Securities and Coupons held by them shall not be delayed longer than required by
then-applicable mandatory rules or policies of any securities

                                       53
<PAGE>

exchange upon which the Securities are listed. The Issuer agrees to reimburse
the Trustee for any costs or expenses thereafter reasonably and properly
incurred and to compensate the Trustee for any services thereafter reasonably
and properly rendered by the Trustee in connection with this Indenture or the
Securities of such series.

        (b) The following provisions shall apply to the Securities of each
series unless specifically otherwise provided in a Board Resolution, Officer's
Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto provided pursuant to Section 2.03.
In addition to discharge of the Indenture pursuant to the next preceding
paragraph, in the case of any series of Securities the exact amounts (including
the currency of payment) of principal of and interest due on which can be
determined at the time of making the deposit referred to in clause (i) below,
the Issuer shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness
on all the Securities of such a series and the Coupons appertaining thereto on
the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in clause (i) below, and
the provisions of this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series
and Coupons appertaining thereto shall no longer be in effect (except as to (A)
rights of registration of transfer and exchange of Securities of such series and
of Coupons appertaining thereto and the Issuer's right of optional redemption,
if any, (B) substitution of mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen
Securities or Coupons, (C) rights of Holders of Securities and Coupons
appertaining thereto to receive payments of principal thereof and interest
thereon, upon the original stated due dates therefor (but not upon
acceleration), and remaining rights of the Holders to receive mandatory sinking
fund payments, if any, (D) the rights, obligations, duties and immunities of the
Trustee hereunder, (E) the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series
and Coupons appertaining thereto as beneficiaries hereof with respect to the
property so deposited with the Trustee payable to all or any of them and (F) the
obligations of the Issuer under Section 3.02) and the Trustee, at the expense of
the Issuer, shall at the Issuer's request, execute proper instruments
acknowledging the same, if

                  (i) with reference to this provision the Issuer has
         irrevocably deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited with the
         Trustee as trust funds in trust, specifically pledged as security for,
         and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of the Securities
         of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto (A) cash in an amount,
         or (B) in the case of any series of Securities the payments on which
         may only be made in Dollars, U.S. Government Obligations, maturing as
         to principal and interest at such times and in such amounts as will
         insure the availability of cash or (C) a combination thereof,
         sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
         independent public accountants expressed in a written certification
         thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay (1) the principal and interest
         on all Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto on
         each date that such principal or interest is due and payable and (2)
         any mandatory sinking fund payments on the dates on which such payments
         are due and

                                       54
<PAGE>

         payable in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and the
         Securities of such series;

                  (ii) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of,
         or constitute a default under, any agreement or instrument to which the
         Issuer is a party or by which it is bound;

                  (iii) the Issuer has delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of
         Counsel based on the fact that (x) the Issuer has received from, or
         there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or
         (y) since the date hereof, there has been a change in the applicable
         Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and such
         opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such
         series and Coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain
         or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit,
         defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on
         the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times, as would
         have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not
         occurred;

                  (iv) the Issuer has delivered to the Trustee an Officer's
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
         precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this
         provision have been complied with;

                  (v) no event or condition shall exist that, pursuant to the
         provisions of Section 13.01, would prevent the Issuer from making
         payments of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such
         series and Coupons appertaining thereto on the date of such deposit or
         at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the date of
         such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be
         deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period); and

                  (vi) the Issuer has delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of
         Counsel to the effect that (x) the trust funds will not be subject to
         any rights of holders of Senior Indebtedness, including without
         limitation those arising under Article 13 of this Indenture, and (y)
         after the 91st day following the deposit, the trust funds will not be
         subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
         reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally,
         except that if a court were to rule under any such law in any case or
         proceeding that the trust funds remained property of the Issuer, no
         opinion is given as to the effect of such laws on the trust funds
         except the following: (A) assuming such trust funds remained in the
         Trustee's possession prior to such court ruling to the extent not paid
         to Holders of Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining
         thereto, the Trustee will hold, for the benefit of such Holders, a
         valid and perfected security interest in such trust funds that is not
         avoidable in bankruptcy or otherwise, (B) such Holders will be entitled
         to

                                       55
<PAGE>

         receive adequate protection of their interests in such trust funds if
         such trust funds are used, and (C) no property, rights in property or
         other interests granted to the Trustee or such Holders in exchange for
         or with respect to any of such funds will be subject to any prior
         rights of holders of Senior Indebtedness, including without limitation
         those arising under Article 13 of this Indenture.

         (c) The Issuer shall be released from its obligations under Section
9.01 with respect to the Securities of any Series, and any Coupons appertaining
thereto, Outstanding on and after the date the conditions set forth below are
satisfied (hereinafter, "covenant defeasance"). For this purpose, such covenant
defeasance means that, with respect to the Outstanding Securities of any Series,
the Issuer may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any
term, condition or limitation set forth in such Section, whether directly or
indirectly by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to such Section or by
reason of any reference in such Section to any other provision herein or in any
other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an
Event of Default, but the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities and
Coupons shall be unaffected thereby. The following shall be the conditions to
application of this subsection (c) of this Section 10.01:

                  (i) The Issuer has irrevocably deposited or caused to be
         deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of
         making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for,
         and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the holders of the Securities
         of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto, (A) cash in an amount,
         or (B) in the case of any series of Securities the payments on which
         may only be made in Dollars, U.S. Government Obligations maturing as to
         principal and interest at such times and in such amounts as will insure
         the availability of cash or (C) a combination thereof, sufficient, in
         the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public
         accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to
         the Trustee, to pay (1) the principal and interest on all Securities of
         such series and Coupons appertaining thereto and (2) any mandatory
         sinking fund payments on the day on which such payments are due and
         payable in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and the
         Securities of such series.

                  (ii) No Default or Event of Default or event which with notice
         or lapse of time or both would become a Default or an Event of Default
         with respect to the Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on
         the date of such deposit or, insofar as subsections 5.01(a) and 5.01(b)
         are concerned, at any time during the period ending on the 91st day
         after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition
         shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

                                       56
<PAGE>

                  (iii) Such covenant defeasance shall not cause the Trustee to
         have a conflicting interest for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act of
         1939 with respect to any securities of the Issuer.

                  (iv) Such covenant defeasance shall not result in a breach or
         violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any
         other agreement or instrument to which the Issuer is a party or by
         which it is bound.

                  (v) Such covenant defeasance shall not cause any Securities
         then listed on any registered national securities exchange under the
         Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to be delisted.

                  (vi) No event or condition shall exist that, pursuant to the
         provisions of Section 13.01, would prevent the Issuer from making
         payments of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such
         series and Coupons appertaining thereto on the date of such deposit or
         at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the date of
         such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be
         deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

                  (vii) The Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officer's Certificate and Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the
         Holders of the Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining
         thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax
         purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to
         Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the
         same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had
         not occurred.

                  (viii) The Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
         conditions precedent provided for relating to the covenant defeasance
         contemplated by this provision have been complied with.

                  (ix) The Issuer has delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of
         Counsel to the effect that (x) the trust funds will not be subject to
         any rights of holders of Senior Indebtedness, including without
         limitation those arising under Article 13 of this Indenture, and (y)
         after the 91st day following the deposit, the trust funds will not be
         subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
         reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally,
         except that if a court were to rule under any such law in any case or
         proceeding that the trust funds remained property of the Issuer, no
         opinion is given as to the effect of such laws on the trust funds
         except the following: (A) assuming such trust funds remained in the
         Trustee's possession prior to such court ruling to the extent not paid
         to Holders of Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining
         thereto, the Trustee will hold, for the benefit of such Holders,

                                       57
<PAGE>

         a valid and perfected security interest in such trust funds that is not
         avoidable in bankruptcy or otherwise, (B) such Holders will be entitled
         to receive adequate protection of their interests in such trust funds
         if such trust funds are used, and (C) no property, rights in property
         or other interests granted to the Trustee or such Holders in exchange
         for or with respect to any of such funds will be subject to any prior
         rights of holders of Senior Indebtedness, including without limitation
         those arising under Article 13 of this Indenture.

         Section 10.02. Application by Trustee of Funds Deposited for Payment of
Securities. Subject to Section 10.04, all moneys deposited with the Trustee (or
other trustee) pursuant to Section 10.01 shall be held in trust and applied by
it to the payment, either directly or through any paying agent (including the
Issuer acting as its own paying agent), to the Holders of the particular
Securities of such series and of Coupons appertaining thereto for the payment or
redemption of which such moneys have been deposited with the Trustee, of all
sums due and to become due thereon for principal and interest; but such money
need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

         Section 10.03. Repayment of Moneys Held by Paying Agent. In connection
with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to Securities
of any series, all moneys then held by any paying agent under the provisions of
this Indenture with respect to such series of Securities shall, upon demand of
the Issuer, be repaid to it or paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying
agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys.

         Section 10.04. Return of Moneys Held by Trustee and Paying Agent
Unclaimed for Two Years. Any moneys deposited with or paid to the Trustee or any
paying agent for the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of
any series or Coupons attached thereto and not applied but remaining unclaimed
for two years after the date upon which such principal or interest shall have
become due and payable, shall, upon the written request of the Issuer and unless
otherwise required by mandatory provisions of applicable escheat or abandoned or
unclaimed property law, be repaid to the Issuer by the Trustee for such series
or such paying agent, and the Holder of the Securities of such series and of any
Coupons appertaining thereto shall, unless otherwise required by mandatory
provisions of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property laws,
thereafter look only to the Issuer for any payment which such Holder may be
entitled to collect, and all liability of the Trustee or any paying agent with
respect to such moneys shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the
Trustee or such paying agent, before being required to make any such repayment
with respect to moneys deposited with it for any payment (a) in respect of
Registered Securities of any series, shall at the expense of the Issuer, mail by
first-class mail to Holders of such Securities at their addresses as they shall
appear on the Security register, and (b) in respect of Unregistered Securities
of any series, shall at the expense of the Issuer either give through the
customary notice provisions of the clearing

                                       58
<PAGE>

system or systems through which beneficial interests in such Unregistered
Securities are owned if such Unregistered Securities are held only in global
form or cause to be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of
Manhattan, The City of New York and once in an Authorized Newspaper in London
(and if required by Section 3.06, once in an Authorized Newspaper in
Luxembourg), notice, that such moneys remain and that, after a date specified
therein, which shall not be less than thirty days from the date of such mailing
or publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be
repaid to the Issuer.

         Section 10.05. Indemnity for U.S. Government Obligations. The Issuer
shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed
on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to
Section 10.01 or the principal or interest received in respect of such
obligations.

                                   ARTICLE 11
                            MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

         Section 11.01. Incorporators, Stockholders, Officers and Directors of
Issuer Exempt from Individual Liability. No recourse under or upon any
obligation, covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture, or in any
Security, or because of any indebtedness evidenced thereby, shall be had against
any incorporator, as such or against any past, present or future stockholder,
officer or director, as such, of the Issuer or of any successor, either directly
or through the Issuer or any successor, under any rule of law, statute or
constitutional provision or by the enforcement of any assessment or by any legal
or equitable proceeding or otherwise, all such liability being expressly waived
and released by the acceptance of the Securities and the Coupons appertaining
thereto by the Holders thereof and as part of the consideration for the issue of
the Securities and the Coupons appertaining thereto.

         Section 11.02. Provisions of Indenture for the Sole Benefit of Parties
and Holders of Securities and Coupons. Nothing in this Indenture, in the
Securities or in the Coupons appertaining thereto, expressed or implied, shall
give or be construed to give to any person, firm or corporation, other than the
parties hereto and their successors and the holders of Senior Indebtedness and
the Holders of the Securities or Coupons, if any, any legal or equitable right,
remedy or claim under this Indenture or under any covenant or provision herein
contained, all such covenants and provisions being for the sole benefit of the
parties hereto and their successors, the holders of the Senior Indebtedness and
the Holders of the Securities or Coupons, if any.

         Section 11.03. Successors and Assigns of Issuer Bound by Indenture. All
the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture contained
by or in behalf of the Issuer shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so
expressed or not.

                                       59
<PAGE>

         Section 11.04. Notices and Demands on Issuer, Trustee and Holders of
Securities and Coupons. Any notice or demand which by any provision of this
Indenture is required or permitted to be given or served by the Trustee or by
the Holders of Securities or Coupons to or on the Issuer may be given or served
by being deposited postage prepaid, first-class mail (except as otherwise
specifically provided herein) addressed (until another address of the Issuer is
filed by the Issuer with the Trustee) to Morgan Stanley, 1585 Broadway, New
York, New York 10036, Attention: Secretary. Any notice, direction, request or
demand by the Issuer or any Holder of Securities or Coupons to or upon the
Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or served by being
deposited postage prepaid, first-class mail (except as otherwise specifically
provided herein) addressed (until another address of the Trustee is filed by the
Trustee with the Issuer) to J.P. Morgan Trust Company, National Association, 227
W. Monroe, Chicago, Illinois 60606, Attention: Corporate Trust Department.

         Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of Registered
Securities, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein
expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to
each Holder entitled thereto, at his last address as it appears in the Security
register. In any case where notice to such Holders is given by mail, neither the
failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any
particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to
other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such
notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice,
either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of
such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but
such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action
taken in reliance upon such waiver.

         In case, by reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular
mail service, it shall be impracticable to mail notice to the Issuer when such
notice is required to be given pursuant to any provision of this Indenture, then
any manner of giving such notice as shall be reasonably satisfactory to the
Trustee shall be deemed to be a sufficient giving of such notice.

         Section 11.05. Officer's Certificates and Opinions of Counsel;
Statements to Be Contained Therein. Upon any application or demand by the Issuer
to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture,
the Issuer shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate stating that
all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed
action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the
opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with,
except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the
furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this
Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional
certificate or opinion need be furnished.

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<PAGE>

         Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and
delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant
provided for in this Indenture shall include (a) a statement that the person
making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition, (b) a
brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation
upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion
are based, (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such
examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an opinion
as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with and (d) a
statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or
covenant has been complied with.

         Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Issuer may
be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion
of or representations by counsel, unless such officer knows that the certificate
or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his
certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in
the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous. Any
certificate, statement or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates
to factual matters, information with respect to which is in the possession of
the Issuer, upon the certificate, statement or opinion of or representations by
an officer or officers of the Issuer, unless such counsel knows that the
certificate, statement or opinion or representations with respect to the matters
upon which his certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are
erroneous, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are
erroneous.

         Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Issuer or of
counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to accounting matters, upon a
certificate or opinion of or representations by an accountant or firm of
accountants in the employ of the Issuer, unless such officer or counsel, as the
case may be, knows that the certificate or opinion or representations with
respect to the accounting matters upon which his certificate, statement or
opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous.

         Any certificate or opinion of any independent firm of public
accountants filed with and directed to the Trustee shall contain a statement
that such firm is independent.

         Section 11.06. Payments Due on Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays. If the
date of maturity of interest on or principal of the Securities of any series or
any Coupons appertaining thereto or the date fixed for redemption or repayment
of any such Security or Coupon shall not be a Business Day, then payment of
interest or principal need not be made on such date, but may be made on the next
succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the date of
maturity or the date fixed for redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the
period after such date.

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<PAGE>

         Section 11.07. Conflict of Any Provision of Indenture with Trust
Indenture Act of 1939. If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture
limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by, or with another
provision (an "incorporated provision") included in this Indenture by operation
of, Sections 310 to 318, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, such
imposed duties or incorporated provision shall control.

         Section 11.08. New York Law to Govern. This Indenture and each Security
and Coupon shall be deemed to be a contract under the laws of the State of New
York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the laws of
such State, except as may otherwise be required by mandatory provisions of law.

         Section 11.09. Counterparts. This Indenture may be executed in any
number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original; but such
counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

         Section 11.10. Effect of Headings. The Article and Section headings
herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect
the construction hereof.

         Section 11.11. Securities in a Foreign Currency. Unless otherwise
specified in an Officer's Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.03 of this
Indenture with respect to a particular series of Securities, whenever for
purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified
percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all series or all
series affected by a particular action at the time Outstanding and, at such
time, there are Outstanding Securities of any series which are denominated in a
coin or currency other than Dollars, then the principal amount of Securities of
such series which shall be deemed to be Outstanding for the purpose of taking
such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such
amount at the Market Exchange Rate. For purposes of this Section 11.11, Market
Exchange Rate shall mean the noon Dollar buying rate in New York City for cable
transfers of that currency published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. If
such Market Exchange Rate is not available for any reason with respect to such
currency, the Trustee shall use, in its sole discretion and without liability on
its part, such quotation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as of the most
recent available date, or quotations from one or more major banks in The City of
New York or in the country of issue of the currency in question, or such other
quotations as the Trustee shall deem appropriate. The provisions of this
paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect
of Securities of a series denominated in a currency other than Dollars in
connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms
of this Indenture.

         All decisions and determinations of the Trustee regarding the Market
Exchange Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding
paragraph shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest
error,

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<PAGE>

be conclusive to the extent permitted by law for all purposes and irrevocably
binding upon the Issuer and all Holders.

         Section 11.12. Judgment Currency. The Issuer agrees, to the fullest
extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the
purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum
due in respect of the principal of or interest on the Securities of any series
(the "Required Currency") into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered
(the "Judgment Currency"), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which
in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The
City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on
which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York
Banking Day, then, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the rate of
exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking
procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required
Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the
day on which a final unappealable judgment is entered, and (b) its obligations
under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be
discharged or satisfied by any tender, or any recovery pursuant to any judgment
(whether or not entered in accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency
other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or
recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of
the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii)
shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the
purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such
actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so
expressed to be payable and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being
obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the
foregoing, "New York Banking Day" means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a
legal holiday in The City of New York or a day on which banking institutions in
The City of New York are authorized or required by law or executive order to
close.

                                   ARTICLE 12
                   REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUNDS

         Section 12.01. Applicability of Article. The provisions of this Article
shall be applicable to the Securities of any series which are redeemable before
their maturity or to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a
series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.03 for
Securities of such series.

         Section 12.02. Notice of Redemption; Partial Redemptions. Notice of
redemption to the Holders of Registered Securities of any series to be redeemed
as a whole or in part at the option of the Issuer shall be given by mailing
notice of such redemption by first class mail, postage prepaid, to such Holders
of Securities

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<PAGE>

of such series at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the registry
books at least 30 days and not more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for
redemption, or within such other redemption notice period as has been designated
for any Securities of such series pursuant to Section 2.03 or 2.04 (the
"Redemption Notice Period"). Notice of redemption to the Holders of Unregistered
Securities to be redeemed as a whole or in part, who have filed their names and
addresses with the Trustee within two years preceding such notice of redemption,
shall be given by mailing notice of such redemption, by first class mail,
postage prepaid, at least 30 and not more than 60 days prior to the date fixed
for redemption or within any applicable Redemption Notice Period to such Holders
at such addresses as were so furnished to the Trustee (and, in the case of any
such notice given by the Issuer, the Trustee shall make such information
available to the Issuer for such purpose). Notice of redemption to all other
Holders of Unregistered Securities shall be published in an Authorized Newspaper
in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York and in an Authorized Newspaper
in London (and, if required by Section 3.06, in an Authorized Newspaper in
Luxembourg), in each case, once in each of three successive calendar weeks, the
first publication to be not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the date
fixed for redemption or within any applicable Redemption Notice Period; provided
that notice to Holders of Unregistered Securities held only in global form may
be made, at the option of the Issuer, through the customary notice provisions of
the clearing system or systems through which beneficial interests in such
Unregistered Securities are owned. Any notice which is mailed in the manner
herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether
or not the Holder receives the notice. Failure to give notice by mail, or any
defect in the notice to the Holder of any Security of a series designated for
redemption as a whole or in part shall not affect the validity of the
proceedings for the redemption of any other Security of such series.

         The notice of redemption to each such Holder shall specify the
principal amount of each Security of such series held by such Holder to be
redeemed, the date fixed for redemption, the redemption price (or if not then
ascertainable, the manner of calculation thereof), the place or places of
payment, that payment will be made upon presentation and surrender of such
Securities and, in the case of Securities with Coupons attached thereto, of all
Coupons appertaining thereto maturing after the date fixed for redemption, that
such redemption is pursuant to the mandatory or optional sinking fund, or both,
if such be the case, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will
be paid as specified in such notice and that on and after said date interest
thereon or on the portions thereof to be redeemed will cease to accrue. In case
any Security of a series is to be redeemed in part only the notice of redemption
shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed and shall
state that on and after the date fixed for redemption, upon surrender of such
Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal
to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.

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<PAGE>

         The notice of redemption of Securities of any series to be redeemed at
the option of the Issuer shall be given by the Issuer or, at the Issuer's
request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Issuer.

         On or before the redemption date specified in the notice of redemption
given as provided in this Section, the Issuer will deposit with the Trustee or
with one or more paying agents (or, if the Issuer is acting as its own paying
agent, set aside, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 3.04) an
amount of money or other property sufficient to redeem on the redemption date
all the Securities of such series so called for redemption at the appropriate
redemption price, together with accrued interest to the date fixed for
redemption. The Issuer will deliver to the Trustee at least 70 days prior to the
date fixed for redemption or at least 10 days prior to the first day of any
applicable Redemption Notice Period an Officer's Certificate stating the
aggregate principal amount of Securities to be redeemed. In case of a redemption
at the election of the Issuer prior to the expiration of any restriction on such
redemption, the Issuer shall deliver to the Trustee, prior to the giving of any
notice of redemption to Holders pursuant to this Section, an Officer's
Certificate stating that such restriction has been complied with.

         If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the
Trustee shall select, in such manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair,
Securities of such Series to be redeemed in whole or in part. Securities may be
redeemed in part in multiples equal to the minimum authorized denomination for
Securities of such series or any multiple thereof. The Trustee shall promptly
notify the Issuer in writing of the Securities of such series selected for
redemption and, in the case of any Securities of such series selected for
partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. For all
purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all
provisions relating to the redemption of Securities of any series shall relate,
in the case of any Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the
portion of the principal amount of such Security which has been or is to be
redeemed.

         Section 12.03. Payment of Securities Called for Redemption. If notice
of redemption has been given as above provided, the Securities or portions of
Securities specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and
at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together
with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption, and on and after said
date (unless the Issuer shall default in the payment of such Securities at the
redemption price, together with interest accrued to said date) interest on the
Securities or portions of Securities so called for redemption shall cease to
accrue, and the unmatured Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto shall be void,
and, except as provided in Sections 6.05 and 10.04, such Securities shall cease
from and after the date fixed for redemption to be entitled to any benefit or
security under this Indenture, and the Holders thereof shall have no right in
respect of such Securities except the right to receive the redemption price
thereof and unpaid interest to the date fixed for redemption. On presentation
and surrender of such Securities at a

                                       65
<PAGE>

place of payment specified in said notice, together with all Coupons, if any,
appertaining thereto maturing after the date fixed for redemption, said
Securities or the specified portions thereof shall be paid and redeemed by the
Issuer at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued
thereon to the date fixed for redemption; provided that payment of interest
becoming due on or prior to the date fixed for redemption shall be payable in
the case of Securities with Coupons attached thereto, to the Holders of the
Coupons for such interest upon surrender thereof, and in the case of Registered
Securities, to the Holders of such Registered Securities registered as such on
the relevant record date subject to the terms and provisions of Sections 2.03
and 2.07 hereof.

         If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal shall, until paid or duly
provided for, bear interest from the date fixed for redemption at the rate of
interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of an Original Issue Discount
Security) borne by such Security.

         If any Security with Coupons attached thereto is surrendered for
redemption and is not accompanied by all appurtenant Coupons maturing after the
date fixed for redemption, the surrender of such missing Coupon or Coupons may
be waived by the Issuer and the Trustee, if there be furnished to each of them
such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them harmless.

         Upon presentation of any Security redeemed in part only, the Issuer
shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to or on the order
of the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Issuer, a new Security or
Securities of such series, of authorized denominations, in principal amount
equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.

         Section 12.04. Exclusion of Certain Securities from Eligibility for
Selection for Redemption. Securities shall be excluded from eligibility for
selection for redemption if they are identified by registration and certificate
number in an Officer's Certificate delivered to the Trustee at least 40 days
prior to the last date on which notice of redemption may be given as being owned
of record and beneficially by, and not pledged or hypothecated by either (a) the
Issuer or (b) an entity specifically identified in such written statement as
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect
common control with the Issuer.

         Section 12.05. Mandatory and Optional Sinking Funds. The minimum amount
of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any
series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund payment", and any
payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of the
Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional sinking fund
payment". The date on which a sinking fund payment is to be made is herein
referred to as the "sinking fund payment date".

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<PAGE>

         In lieu of making all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund payment
with respect to any series of Securities in cash, the Issuer may at its option
(a) deliver to the Trustee Securities of such series theretofore purchased or
otherwise acquired (except upon redemption pursuant to the mandatory sinking
fund) by the Issuer or receive credit for Securities of such series (not
previously so credited) theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired (except as
aforesaid) by the Issuer and delivered to the Trustee for cancellation pursuant
to Section 2.10, (b) receive credit for optional sinking fund payments (not
previously so credited) made pursuant to this Section, or (c) receive credit for
Securities of such series (not previously so credited) redeemed by the Issuer
through any optional redemption provision contained in the terms of such series.
Securities so delivered or credited shall be received or credited by the Trustee
at the sinking fund redemption price specified in such Securities.

         On or before the 60th day next preceding each sinking fund payment date
or the 30th day next preceding the last day of any applicable Redemption Notice
Period relating to a sinking fund payment date for any series, the Issuer will
deliver to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate (which need not contain the
statements required by Section 11.05) (a) specifying the portion of the
mandatory sinking fund payment to be satisfied by payment of cash and the
portion to be satisfied by credit of Securities of such series and the basis for
such credit, (b) stating that none of the Securities of such series has
theretofore been so credited, (c) stating that no defaults in the payment of
interest or Defaults or Events of Default with respect to such series have
occurred (which have not been waived or cured) and are continuing and (d)
stating whether or not the Issuer intends to exercise its right to make an
optional sinking fund payment with respect to such series and, if so, specifying
the amount of such optional sinking fund payment which the Issuer intends to pay
on or before the next succeeding sinking fund payment date. Any Securities of
such series to be credited and required to be delivered to the Trustee in order
for the Issuer to be entitled to credit therefor as aforesaid which have not
theretofore been delivered to the Trustee shall be delivered for cancellation
pursuant to Section 2.10 to the Trustee with such Officer's Certificate (or
reasonably promptly thereafter if acceptable to the Trustee). Such Officer's
Certificate shall be irrevocable and upon its receipt by the Trustee the Issuer
shall become unconditionally obligated to make all the cash payments or payments
therein referred to, if any, on or before the next succeeding sinking fund
payment date. Failure of the Issuer, on or before any such 60th day or 30th day,
if applicable, to deliver such Officer's Certificate and Securities specified in
this paragraph, if any, shall not constitute a default but shall constitute, on
and as of such date, the irrevocable election of the Issuer (i) that the
mandatory sinking fund payment for such series due on the next succeeding
sinking fund payment date shall be paid entirely in cash without the option to
deliver or credit Securities of such series in respect thereof and (ii) that the
Issuer will make no optional sinking fund payment with respect to such series as
provided in this Section.

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<PAGE>

         If the sinking fund payment or payments (mandatory or optional or both)
to be made in cash on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date plus any
unused balance of any preceding sinking fund payments made in cash shall exceed
$50,000 (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency) or a lesser sum in
Dollars (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency) if the Issuer shall
so request with respect to the Securities of any particular series, such cash
shall be applied on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date to the
redemption of Securities of such series at the sinking fund redemption price
together with accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption. If such amount
shall be $50,000 (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency) or less and
the Issuer makes no such request then it shall be carried over until a sum in
excess of $50,000 (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency) is
available. The Trustee shall select, in the manner provided in Section 12.02,
for redemption on such sinking fund payment date a sufficient principal amount
of Securities of such series to absorb said cash, as nearly as may be, and shall
(if requested in writing by the Issuer) inform the Issuer of the serial numbers
of the Securities of such series (or portions thereof) so selected. Securities
shall be excluded from eligibility for redemption under this Section if they are
identified by registration and certificate number in an Officer's Certificate
delivered to the Trustee at least 60 days prior to the sinking fund payment date
or at least 30 days prior to the last day of any applicable Redemption Notice
Period relating to a sinking fund payment date as being owned of record and
beneficially by, and not pledged or hypothecated by either (a) the Issuer or (b)
an entity specifically identified in such Officer's Certificate as directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with the Issuer. The Trustee, in the name and at the expense of the
Issuer (or the Issuer, if it shall so request the Trustee in writing) shall
cause notice of redemption of the Securities of such series to be given in
substantially the manner provided in Section 12.02 (and with the effect provided
in Section 12.03) for the redemption of Securities of such series in part at the
option of the Issuer. The amount of any sinking fund payments not so applied or
allocated to the redemption of Securities of such series shall be added to the
next cash sinking fund payment for such series and, together with such payment,
shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of this Section. Any and all
sinking fund moneys held on the stated maturity date of the Securities of any
particular series (or earlier, if such maturity is accelerated), which are not
held for the payment or redemption of particular Securities of such series shall
be applied, together with other moneys, if necessary, sufficient for the
purpose, to the payment of the principal of, and interest on, the Securities of
such series at maturity.

         On or before each sinking fund payment date, the Issuer shall pay to
the Trustee in cash or shall otherwise provide for the payment of all interest
accrued to the date fixed for redemption on Securities to be redeemed on the
next following sinking fund payment date.

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<PAGE>

         The Trustee shall not redeem or cause to be redeemed any Securities of
a series with sinking fund moneys or give any notice of redemption of Securities
for such series by operation of the sinking fund during the continuance of a
default in payment of interest on such Securities or of any Default except that,
where the giving of notice of redemption of any Securities shall theretofore
have been made, the Trustee shall redeem or cause to be redeemed such
Securities, provided that it shall have received from the Issuer a sum
sufficient for such redemption. Except as aforesaid, any moneys in the sinking
fund for such series at the time when any such default or Default shall occur,
and any moneys thereafter paid into the sinking fund, shall, during the
continuance of such default or Default, be deemed to have been collected under
Article 5 and held for the payment of all such Securities. In case such Default
shall have been waived as provided in Section 71 5.10 or the default cured on or
before the sixtieth day preceding the sinking fund payment date in any year,
such moneys shall thereafter be applied on the next succeeding sinking fund
payment date in accordance with this Section to the redemption of such
Securities.

                                   ARTICLE 13
                                 SUBORDINATION

         Section 13.01. Securities and Coupons Subordinated to Senior
Indebtedness. The Issuer covenants and agrees, and each Holder of a Security or
Coupon, by his acceptance thereof, likewise covenants and agrees, that the
indebtedness represented by the Securities and any Coupons and the payment of
the principal of and interest on each and all of the Securities and of any
Coupons is hereby expressly subordinated, to the extent and in the manner
hereinafter set forth, in right of payment to the prior payment in full of
Senior Indebtedness.

         In the event (a) of any insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings or any
receivership, liquidation, reorganization or other similar proceedings in
respect of the Issuer or a substantial part of its property, or of any
proceedings for liquidation, dissolution or other winding up of the Issuer,
whether or not involving insolvency or bankruptcy, or (b) subject to the
provisions of Section 13.02 that (i) a default shall have occurred with respect
to the payment of principal of or interest on or other monetary amounts due and
payable on any Senior Indebtedness, or (ii) there shall have occurred an event
of default (other than a default in the payment of principal or interest or
other monetary amounts due and payable) in respect of any Senior Indebtedness,
as defined therein or in the instrument under which the same is outstanding,
permitting the holder or holders thereof to accelerate the maturity thereof
(with notice or lapse of time, or both), and such event of default shall have
continued beyond the period of grace, if any, in respect thereof, and, in the
cases of subclauses (i) and (ii) of this clause (b), such default or event of
default shall not have been cured or waived or shall not have ceased to exist,
or (c) that the principal of and accrued interest on the Securities of any
series shall have been declared due and payable pursuant to

                                       69
<PAGE>

Section 5.01 and such declaration shall not have been rescinded and annulled as
provided in Section 5.01 then:

                  (i) the holders of all Senior Indebtedness shall first be
         entitled to receive payment of the full amount due thereon, or
         provision shall be made for such payment in money or money's worth,
         before the Holders of any of the Securities or Coupons are entitled to
         receive a payment on account of the principal of or interest on the
         indebtedness evidenced by the Securities or of the Coupons, including,
         without limitation, any payments made pursuant to Article 12;

                  (ii) any payment by, or distribution of assets of, the Issuer
         of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to
         which the Holders of any of the Securities or Coupons or the Trustee
         would be entitled except for the provisions of this Article shall be
         paid or delivered by the Person making such payment or distribution,
         whether a trustee in bankruptcy, a receiver or liquidating trustee or
         otherwise, directly to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness or their
         representative or representatives or to the trustee or trustees under
         any indenture under which any instruments evidencing any of such Senior
         Indebtedness may have been issued, ratably according to the aggregate
         amounts remaining unpaid on account of such Senior Indebtedness held or
         represented by each, to the extent necessary to make payment in full of
         all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid after giving effect to any
         concurrent payment or distribution (or provision therefor) to the
         holders of such Senior Indebtedness, before any payment or distribution
         is made to the holders of the indebtedness evidenced by the Securities
         or Coupons or to the Trustee under this instrument; and

                  (iii) in the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any
         payment by, or distribution of assets of, the Issuer of any kind or
         character, whether in cash, property or securities, in respect of
         principal of or interest on the Securities or in connection with any
         repurchase by the Issuer of the Securities, shall be received by the
         Trustee or the Holders of any of the Securities or Coupons before all
         Senior Indebtedness is paid in full, or provision made for such payment
         in money or money's worth, such payment or distribution in respect of
         principal of or interest on the Securities or in connection with any
         repurchase by the Issuer of the Securities shall be paid over to the
         holders of such Senior Indebtedness or their representative or
         representatives or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture under
         which any instruments evidencing any such Senior Indebtedness may have
         been issued, ratably as aforesaid, for application to the payment of
         all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid until all such Senior
         Indebtedness shall have been paid in full, after giving effect to any
         concurrent payment or distribution (or provision therefor) to the
         holders of such Senior Indebtedness.

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<PAGE>

         Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any time after the 91st day following
the date of deposit of cash or, in the case of Securities payable only in
Dollars, U.S. Government Obligations pursuant to Section 10.01(b) or 10.01(c)
(provided all other conditions set out in such Section shall have been
satisfied) the funds so deposited and any interest thereon will not be subject
to any rights of holders of Senior Indebtedness including, without limitation,
those arising under this Article 13.

         Section 13.02. Disputes with Holders of Certain Senior Indebtedness.
Any failure by the Issuer to make any payment on or perform any other obligation
under Senior Indebtedness, other than any indebtedness incurred by the Issuer or
assumed or guaranteed, directly or indirectly, by the Issuer for money borrowed
(or any deferral, renewal, extension or refunding thereof) or any indebtedness
or obligation as to which the provisions of this Section shall have been waived
by the Issuer in the instrument or instruments by which the Issuer incurred,
assumed, guaranteed or otherwise created such indebtedness or obligation, shall
not be deemed a default or event of default under Section 13.01(b) if (a) the
Issuer shall be disputing its obligation to make such payment or perform such
obligation and (b) either (i) no final judgment relating to such dispute shall
have been issued against the Issuer which is in full force and effect and is not
subject to further review, including a judgment that has become final by reason
of the expiration of the time within which a party may seek further appeal or
review, and (ii) in the event of a judgment that is subject to further review or
appeal has been issued, the Issuer shall in good faith be prosecuting an appeal
or other proceeding for review and a stay of execution shall have been obtained
pending such appeal or review.

         Section 13.03. Subrogation. Subject to the payment in full of all
Senior Indebtedness, the Holders of the Securities and any Coupons shall be
subrogated (equally and ratably with the holders of all obligations of the
Issuer which by their express terms are subordinated to Senior Indebtedness of
the Issuer to the same extent as the Securities are subordinated and which are
entitled to like rights of subrogation) to the rights of the holders of Senior
Indebtedness to receive payments or distributions of cash, property or
securities of the Issuer applicable to the Senior Indebtedness until all amounts
owing on the Securities and any Coupons shall be paid in full, and as between
the Issuer, its creditors other than holders of such Senior Indebtedness and the
Holders, no such payment or distribution made to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness by virtue of this Article that otherwise would have been made to
the Holders shall be deemed to be a payment by the Issuer on account of such
Senior Indebtedness, it being understood that the provisions of this Article are
and are intended solely for the purpose of defining the relative rights of the
Holders, on the one hand, and the holders of Senior Indebtedness, on the other
hand.

         Section 13.04. Obligation of Issuer Unconditional. Nothing contained in
this Article or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities or any Coupons
is intended to or shall impair, as among the Issuer, its creditors other than
the holders of Senior Indebtedness and the Holders, the obligation of the
Issuer,

                                       71
<PAGE>

which is absolute and unconditional, to pay to the Holders the principal of and
interest on the Securities and the amounts owed pursuant to any Coupons as and
when the same shall become due and payable in accordance with their terms, or is
intended to or shall affect the relative rights of the Holders and creditors of
the Issuer other than the holders of Senior Indebtedness, nor shall anything
herein or therein prevent the Trustee or any Holder from exercising all remedies
otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default under this Indenture, subject
to the rights, if any, under this Article of the holders of Senior Indebtedness
in respect of cash, property or securities of the Issuer received upon the
exercise of any such remedy.

         Upon payment or distribution of assets of the Issuer referred to in
this Article, the Trustee and the Holders shall be entitled to rely upon any
order or decree made by any court of competent jurisdiction in which any such
dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization proceeding affecting the
affairs of the Issuer is pending or upon a certificate of the trustee in
bankruptcy, receiver, assignee for the benefit of creditors, liquidating trustee
or agent or other Person making any payment or distribution, delivered to the
Trustee or to the Holders, for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled
to participate in such payment or distribution, the holders of the Senior
Indebtedness and other indebtedness of the Issuer, the amount thereof or payable
thereon, the amount paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent
thereto or to this Article.

         Section 13.05. Payments on Securities and Coupons Permitted. Nothing
contained in this Article or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities or
Coupons shall affect the obligations of the Issuer to make, or prevent the
Issuer from making, payment of the principal of or interest on the Securities
and of any Coupons in accordance with the provisions hereof and thereof, except
as otherwise provided in this Article.

         Section 13.06. Effectuation of Subordination by Trustee. Each holder of
Securities or Coupons, by his acceptance thereof, authorizes and directs the
Trustee on his behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to
effectuate the subordination provided in this Article and appoints the Trustee
his attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes.

         Section 13.07. Knowledge of Trustee. Notwithstanding the provisions of
this Article or any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be
charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts that would prohibit the
making of any payment of moneys to or by the Trustee, or the taking of any other
action by the Trustee, unless and until the Trustee shall have received written
notice thereof mailed or delivered to the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office
from the Issuer, any Holder, any paying agent or the holder or representative of
any class of Senior Indebtedness; provided that if at least three Business Days
prior to the date upon which by the terms hereof any such moneys may become
payable for any purpose (including, without limitation, the payment of the
principal or interest on any Security or interest on any Coupon) the Trustee
shall

                                       72
<PAGE>

not have received with respect to such moneys the notice provided for in this
Section, then, anything herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding, the
Trustee shall have full power and authority to receive such moneys and to apply
the same to the purpose for which they were received and shall not be affected
by any notice to the contrary that may be received by it within three Business
Days prior to or on or after such date.

         Section 13.08. Trustee May Hold Senior Indebtedness. The Trustee shall
be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article with respect to any
Senior Indebtedness at the time held by it, to the same extent as any other
holder of Senior Indebtedness, and nothing in Section 6.03 or elsewhere in this
Indenture shall deprive the Trustee of any of its rights as such holder.

         Section 13.09. Rights of Holders of Senior Indebtedness Not Impaired.
No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Indebtedness to enforce
the subordination herein shall at any time or in any way be prejudiced or
impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Issuer or by any
noncompliance by the Issuer with the terms, provisions and covenants of this
Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof any such holder may have or be
otherwise charged with.

         With respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness, (a) the duties and
obligations of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions
of this Indenture, (b) the Trustee shall not be liable except for the
performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this
Indenture, (c) no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this
Indenture against the Trustee and (d) the Trustee shall not be deemed to be a
fiduciary as to such holders.

         Section 13.10. Article Applicable to Paying Agents. In case at any time
any paying agent other than the Trustee shall have been appointed by the Issuer
and be then acting hereunder, the term "Trustee" as used in this Article shall
in such case (unless the context shall require otherwise) be construed as
extending to and including such paying agent within its meaning as fully for all
intents and purposes as if such paying agent were named in this Article in
addition to or in place of the Trustee, provided, however, that Sections 13.07
and 13.08 shall not apply to the Issuer if it acts as its own paying agent.

         Section 13.11. Trustee; Compensation Not Prejudiced. Nothing in this
Article shall apply to claims of, or payments to, the Trustee pursuant to
Section 6.06.

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<PAGE>

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed and
attested, all as of October 1, 2004.

                                    MORGAN STANLEY

[CORPORATE SEAL]
                                    By:
                                         ---------------------------------------
                                         Name:
                                         Title:

Attest:

By:
    -----------------------------
     Title:

                                    J.P. MORGAN TRUST COMPANY,
                                       NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
                                       TRUSTEE

[CORPORATE SEAL]
                                    By:
                                         ---------------------------------------
                                         Name:
                                         Title:

Attest:

By:
    ---------------------------
     Title:
<PAGE>

                              CROSS REFERENCE SHEET

                        -------------------------------

                                     Between

         Provisions of Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Subordinated Indenture to
be dated as of October 1, 2004 between MORGAN STANLEY and J.P. MORGAN TRUST
COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, Trustee.

Section of the Act                              Section of the Indenture
---------------------------------------------   --------------------------------

310(a)(1) and (2)..............                 6.09
310(a)(3) and (4)..............                 Inapplicable
310(b).........................                 6.08 and 6.10(a), (b) and (d)
310(c).........................                 Inapplicable
311(a).........................                 6.13
311(b).........................                 6.13
312(a).........................                 4.01
312(b).........................                 4.02
312(c).........................                 4.02
313(a).........................                 4.04
313(b)(1)......................                 Inapplicable
313(b)(2)......................                 Inapplicable
313(c).........................                 4.04
313(d).........................                 4.03
314(a).........................                 4.03
314(b).........................                 Inapplicable
314(c)(1) and (2)..............                 11.05
314(c)(3)......................                 Inapplicable
314(d).........................                 Inapplicable
314(e).........................                 11.05
314(f).........................                 Inapplicable
315(a), (c) and (d)............                 6.01
315(b).........................                 5.11
315(e).........................                 5.12
316(a)(1)......................                 5.09
316(a)(2)......................                 Inapplicable
316(b).........................                 5.07
317(a)(1)......................                 5.02
317(a)(2)......................                 5.02(a)
317 (b)........................                 3.04(a) and (b)
318(a).........................                 11.07

Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a
part of the Subordinated Indenture.

Source: [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00074-of-00352.parquet"}, [{"source": "alea-institute/alea-institute/kl3m-data-edgar-agreements/train-00074-of-00352.parquet"}]]