Document:

Exhibit 4.1

 

Recon Technology Ltd

 

INDENTURE

Dated as of [ ]

 

 

[ ]

 

    

     

    

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

	ARTICLE I	DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE	5
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	Section 1.1	 	Definitions.	5
	 	Section 1.2	 	Other Definitions.	8
	 	Section 1.3	 	Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.	8
	 	Section 1.4	 	Rules of Construction.	8
	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE II	TERMS OF THE SECURITIES	9
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	Section 2.1	 	Issuable in Series.	9
	 	Section 2.2	 	Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.	9
	 	Section 2.3	 	Execution and Authentication.	11
	 	Section 2.4	 	Registrar and Paying Agent.	11
	 	Section 2.5	 	Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.	12
	 	Section 2.6	 	Security Holder Lists.	12
	 	Section 2.7	 	Transfer and Exchange.	12
	 	Section 2.8	 	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.	12
	 	Section 2.9	 	Outstanding Securities.	13
	 	Section 2.10	 	Treasury Securities.	13
	 	Section 2.11	 	Temporary Securities.	13
	 	Section 2.12	 	Cancellation.	14
	 	Section 2.13	 	Defaulted Interest.	14
	 	Section 2.14	 	Global Securities.	14
	 	Section 2.15	 	CUSIP Numbers.	15

 

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	ARTICLE III	REDEMPTION	15
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	Section 3.1	 	Notice to Trustee.	15
	 	Section 3.2	 	Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.	15
	 	Section 3.3	 	Notice of Redemption.	16
	 	Section 3.4	 	Effect of Notice of Redemption.	16
	 	Section 3.5	 	Deposit of Redemption Price.	16
	 	Section 3.6	 	Securities Redeemed in Part.	16
	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE IV	COVENANTS	16
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	Section 4.1	 	Payment of Principal and Interest.	16
	 	Section 4.2	 	SEC Reports.	17
	 	Section 4.3	 	Compliance Certificate.	17
	 	Section 4.4	 	Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.	17
	 	Section 4.5	 	Corporate Existence.	17
	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE V	SUCCESSORS	17
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	Section 5.1	 	When Company May Merge, Etc.	17
	 	Section 5.2	 	Successor Corporation Substituted.	18
	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE VI	DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES	18
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	Section 6.1	 	Events of Default.	18
	 	Section 6.2	 	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.	19
	 	Section 6.3	 	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.	19
	 	Section 6.4	 	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.	20
	 	Section 6.5	 	Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.	20
	 	Section 6.6	 	Application of Money Collected.	20
	 	Section 6.7	 	Limitation on Suits.	21
	 	Section 6.8	 	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest.	21
	 	Section 6.9	 	Restoration of Rights and Remedies.	21

 

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	 	Section 6.10	 	Rights and Remedies Cumulative.	22
	 	Section 6.11	 	Delay or Omission Not Waiver.	22
	 	Section 6.12	 	Control by Holders.	22
	 	Section 6.13	 	Waiver of Past Defaults.	22
	 	Section 6.14	 	Undertaking for Costs.	22
	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE VII	TRUSTEE	23
	 	 	 
	 	Section 7.1	 	Duties of Trustee.	23
	 	Section 7.2	 	Rights of Trustee.	24
	 	Section 7.3	 	Force Majeure.	25
	 	Section 7.4	 	Individual Rights of Trustee.	25
	 	Section 7.5	 	Trustee’s Disclaimer.	25
	 	Section 7.6	 	Notice of Defaults.	25
	 	Section 7.7	 	Reports by Trustee to Holders.	25
	 	Section 7.8	 	Compensation and Indemnity.	25
	 	Section 7.9	 	Replacement of Trustee.	26
	 	Section 7.10	 	Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.	27
	 	Section 7.11	 	Eligibility; Disqualification.	27
	 	Section 7.12	 	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.	27
	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE VIII	SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE	27
	 	 	 
	 	Section 8.1	 	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.	27
	 	Section 8.2	 	Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.	28
	 	Section 8.3	 	Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series.	28
	 	Section 8.4	 	Covenant Defeasance.	29
	 	Section 8.5	 	Repayment to Company.	30
	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE IX	SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES, AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS	30
	 	 	 
	 	Section 9.1	 	Without Consent of Holders.	30
	 	Section 9.2	 	With Consent of Holders.	31
	 	Section 9.3	 	Limitations.	31
	 	Section 9.4	 	Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.	32
	 	Section 9.5	 	Revocation and Effect of Consents.	32
	 	Section 9.6	 	Notation on or Exchange of Securities.	32
	 	Section 9.7	 	Trustee Protected.	32
	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE X	MISCELLANEOUS	32
	 	 	 
	 	Section 10.1	 	Trust Indenture Act Controls.	32
	 	Section 10.2	 	Notices.	32
	 	Section 10.3	 	Communication by Holders with Other Holders.	33
	 	Section 10.4	 	Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.	33
	 	Section 10.5	 	Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.	33
	 	Section 10.6	 	Rules by Trustee and Agents.	33
	 	Section 10.7	 	Legal Holidays.	34

 

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	 	Section 10.8	 	No Recourse Against Others.	34
	 	Section 10.9	 	Counterparts.	34
	 	Section 10.10	 	Governing Laws.	34
	 	Section 10.11	 	No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.	34
	 	Section 10.12	 	Successors.	34
	 	Section 10.13	 	Severability.	34
	 	Section 10.14	 	Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.	34
	 	Section 10.15	 	Securities in a Foreign Currency or in ECU.	35
	 	Section 10.16	 	Judgment Currency.	35
	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE XI	SINKING FUNDS	35
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	Section 11.1	 	Applicability of Article.	35
	 	Section 11.2	 	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.	36
	 	Section 11.3	 	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.	36

 

Recon Technology Ltd Reconciliation and tie between
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture, dated as of [ ]

 

Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed
to be part of the Indenture.

 

	§ 310(a)(1)	7.11
	(a)(2)	7.11
	(a)(3)	Not Applicable
	(a)(4)	Not Applicable
	(a)(5)	7.11
	(b)	7.11
	§ 311(a)	7.12
	(b)	7.12
	§ 312(a)	2.6
	(b)	10.3
	(c)	10.3
	§ 313(a)	7.7
	(b)(1)	7.7
	(b)(2)	7.7
	(c)	7.7
	(d)	7.7
	§ 314(a)	4.2, 10.5
	(b)	Not Applicable
	(c)(1)	10.4
	(c)(2)	10.4
	(c)(3)	Not Applicable
	(d)	Not Applicable
	(e)	10.5
	(f)	Not Applicable
	§ 315(a)	7.1
	(b)	7.6
	(c)	7.1
	(d)	7.1
	(e)	6.14
	§ 316(a)	2.10
	(a)(1)(A)	6.12
	(a)(1)(B)	6.13
	(b)	6.8
	§ 317(a)(1)	6.3
	(a)(2)	6.4
	(b)	2.5
	§ 318(a)	10.1

 

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Indenture dated as of [ ]
between Recon Technology Ltd, an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands (“Company”),
and [ ] (“Trustee”).

 

Each party agrees as follows
for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.

 

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

 

Section 1.1 Definitions.

 

“Additional Amounts”
means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid
by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are owing to such Holders.

 

“Affiliate”
of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with such specified
person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled
by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly,
of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities
or by agreement or otherwise.

 

“Agent” means any Registrar,
Paying Agent or Notice Agent.

 

“Board of Directors” means
the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.

 

“Board Resolution”
means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of
Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and
delivered to the Trustee.

 

“Business Day”
means, unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series,
any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required
by law, regulation or executive order to close or a day the Corporate Trust Office is closed.

 

“Capital Stock”
means any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock.

 

“Company”
means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.

 

“Company Order”
means a written order signed in the name of the Company by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer
or principal financial and accounting officer.

 

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“Company Request”
means a written request signed in the name of the Company by its Chief Executive Officer and by its Co-Chief Financial Officers and delivered
to the Trustee.

 

“Corporate Trust
Office” means the office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally administered.

 

“Default” means any event which
is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default. 

 

“Depositary”
means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities,
the person designated as Depositary for such Series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange
Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series
shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series.

 

“Discount Security”
means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of
acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.

 

“Dollars” and “$”
means the currency of The United States of America.

 

“ECU” means the European Currency
Unit as determined by the Commission of the European Union.

 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

“Foreign Currency”
means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.

 

“Foreign Government
Obligations” means, with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, (i) direct obligations
of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged
or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of such government the timely payment
of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by such government, which, in either case under clauses (i)
or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.

 

“GAAP”
means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in
such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are in effect
as of the date of determination.

 

“Global Security”
or “Global Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section
2.2 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name
of such Depositary or nominee.

 

“Holder”
or “Security Holder” means a person in whose name a Security is registered.

 

“Indenture”
means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities
established as contemplated hereunder.

 

“interest”
with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.

 

“Maturity,”
when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein or herein
provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

 

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“Officer”
means the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Technology Officer, any Co-Chief Financial Officers, or the Chief Risk Officer of the Company.

 

“Officers’
Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer
or principal financial officer.

 

“Opinion of Counsel”
means a written opinion of legal counsel, which opinion, is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to
the Company. 

 

“person”
means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated
organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

 

“principal”
of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect
of, the Security.

 

“Responsible Officer”
means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any
other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject
and who shall in each case have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.

 

“SEC” means the Securities
and Exchange Commission.

 

“Securities”
means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

 

“Series”
or “Series of Securities” means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant
to Sections 2.1 and 2.2 hereof.

 

“Stated Maturity”
when used with respect to any Security, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security
or interest is due and payable.

 

“Subsidiary”
of any specified person means any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of
shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers
or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries
of that person or a combination thereof.

 

“TIA”
means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code §§ 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; provided, however,
that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by any such
amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.

 

“Trustee”
means the person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become
such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each person who
is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the
Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.

 

“U.S. Government
Obligations” means securities which are (i) direct obligations of The United States of America for the payment of which its
full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality
of The United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by The United
States of America, and which in the case of (i) and (ii) are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall
also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or
a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder
of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount
payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation
evidenced by such depository receipt.

 

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Section 1.2 Other Definitions.

 

	TERM	 	DEFINED

 IN

 SECTION	 
	“Bankruptcy Law”	 	 	6.1	 
	“Custodian”	 	 	6.1	 
	“Event of Default”	 	 	6.1	 
	“Journal”	 	 	10.15	 
	“Judgment Currency”	 	 	10.16	 
	“Legal Holiday”	 	 	10.7	 
	“mandatory sinking fund payment”	 	 	11.1	 
	“Market Exchange Rate”	 	 	10.15	 
	“New York Banking Day”	 	 	10.16	 
	“Notice Agent”	 	 	2.4	 
	“optional sinking fund payment”	 	 	11.1	 
	“Paying Agent”	 	 	2.4	 
	“Registrar”	 	 	2.4	 
	“Required Currency”	 	 	10.16	 
	“successor person”	 	 	5.1	 

 

Section 1.3 Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.

 

Whenever this Indenture refers
to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used
in this Indenture have the following meanings:

 

“Commission” means the SEC.

 

“indenture securities” means
the Securities.

 

“indenture security holder”
means a Security Holder.

 

“indenture to be qualified”
means this Indenture.

 

“indenture trustee” or “institutional
trustee” means the Trustee.

 

“obligor” on the indenture
securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.

 

All other terms used in this
Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise
defined herein are used herein as so defined.

 

Section 1.4 Rules of Construction.

 

Unless the context otherwise requires:

 

(a) a term has the meaning assigned to it;

 

(b) an accounting term not otherwise defined has
the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;

 

(c) “or” is not exclusive;

 

(d) words in the singular include the plural,
and in the plural include the singular; and

 

(e) provisions apply to successive events and
transactions. 

 

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ARTICLE II

TERMS OF THE SECURITIES

 

Section 2.1 Issuable in Series.

 

The aggregate principal amount
of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is [ ]. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series.
All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental
indenture or Officers’ Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution.
In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental
indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide for the method
by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined.
Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled
to the benefits of the Indenture.

 

Section 2.2 Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.

 

At or prior to the issuance
of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection 2.2.1 and
either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections 2.2.2 through 2.2.24) by or pursuant
to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution or Officers’ Certificate, and associated
supplemental indenture:

 

2.2.1 the title of the Series
(which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series);

 

2.2.2 the price or prices
(expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;

 

2.2.3 any limit upon the
aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities
authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the Series pursuant
to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6);

 

2.2.4 the date or dates on which the principal
of the Securities of the Series is payable;

 

2.2.5 the rate or rates (which
may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to,
any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if
any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if any, shall commence
and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;

 

2.2.6 the place or places
where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities of such Series may
be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities
of such Series and this Indenture may be served, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means;

 

2.2.7 if applicable, the
period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the Series may
be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;

 

2.2.8 the obligation, if
any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the
option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which
Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation; 

 

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2.2.9 the dates, if any,
on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of the Holders
thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;

 

2.2.10 if other than denominations
of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;

 

2.2.11 the forms of the Securities
of the Series and whether the Securities will be issuable as Global Securities;

 

2.2.12 if other than the
principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of
acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2;

 

2.2.13 the currency of denomination
of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, including, but not limited to, the ECU, and if such currency
of denomination is a composite currency other than the ECU, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite
currency;

 

2.2.14 the designation of
the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series
will be made;

 

2.2.15 if payments of principal
of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series are to be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or
those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments will be determined;

 

2.2.16 the manner in which
the amounts of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be determined, if such amounts may be
determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange
index or financial index;

 

2.2.17 the provisions, if
any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;

 

2.2.18 any addition to or
change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite
Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.2;

 

2.2.19 any addition to or
change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V which applies to Securities of the Series;

 

2.2.20 whether the Securities
of the Series are subject to subordination and the terms of such subordination;

 

2.2.21 any material income tax considerations
applicable;

 

2.2.22 any other terms of
the Securities of the Series (which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series);

 

2.2.23 any depositaries,
interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if other
than those appointed herein; and

 

2.2.24 if the Securities
of the Series are to be convertible into or exchangeable for any securities of any Person (including the Company), the terms and conditions
upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable.

 

All Securities of any one
Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided
by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate referred to above. 

 

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Section 2.3 Execution and Authentication.

 

Two Officers shall sign the
Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.

 

If an Officer whose signature
is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.

 

A Security shall not be valid
until authenticated by the manual or facsimile signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive
evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.

 

The Trustee shall at any
time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental
indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Each Security shall be dated the date
of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate.

 

The aggregate principal amount
of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth
in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2, except as provided
in Section 2.8.

 

Prior to the issuance of
Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.2) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the
Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series
or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officers’
Certificate complying with Section 10.4, and (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 10.4.

 

The Trustee shall have the
right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that
such action may not be taken lawfully; or (b) if the Trustee in good faith by its board of directors or trustees, executive committee
or a trust committee of directors and/or vice-presidents shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability
to Holders of any then outstanding Series of Securities.

 

The Trustee may appoint an
authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever
the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating
agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company.

 

Section 2.4 Registrar and Paying Agent.

 

The Company shall maintain,
with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.2, an office
or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“Paying Agent”), where Securities of
such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, conversion or exchange (“Registrar”) and where notices and demands
to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be delivered (“Notice Agent”). The
Trustee or Notice Agent, as applicable, shall deliver such notices and demands to the Company in accordance with Section 10.2 hereof.
The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange. The Company will give
prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar, Paying Agent or
Notice Agent. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent or shall fail
to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or delivered
at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations,
surrenders, notices and demands. 

 

The Company may also from
time to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or notice agents and may from time to time rescind such designations;
provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar,
Paying Agent and Notice Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.2 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company
will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such
co-registrar, additional paying agent or notice agent. The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar; the term “Paying
Agent” includes any additional paying agent; and the term “Notice Agent” includes any additional notice agent.

 

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The Company hereby appoints
the Trustee the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent for each Series unless another Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent,
as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.

 

The Company hereby appoints
The Depository Trust Company to act as Depositary with respect to the Securities.

 

Section 2.5 Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.

 

The Company shall require
each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Security Holders
of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series
of Securities, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues,
the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent
to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary
of the Company) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it
shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Security Holders of any Series of Securities all money held by it
as Paying Agent.

 

Section 2.6 Security Holder Lists.

 

The Trustee shall preserve
in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Security Holders
of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA § 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall
furnish to the Trustee at least ten days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing
a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Security Holders of each
Series of Securities.

 

Section 2.7 Transfer and Exchange.

 

Where Securities of a Series
are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount
of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions
are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities upon receipt of a Company Order.
No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the
Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith
(other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6).

 

Neither the Company nor the
Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the
opening of business fifteen days immediately preceding the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for
redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of
any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called
or being called for redemption in part.

 

Section 2.8 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

 

If any mutilated Security
is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order, shall authenticate and deliver
in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously
outstanding. 

 

If there shall be delivered
to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security
or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice
to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee,
upon receipt of a Company Order, shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security,
a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

 

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In case any such mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing
a new Security, pay such Security.

 

Upon the issuance of any
new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge
that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

 

Every new Security of any
Series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual
obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall
be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued
hereunder.

 

The provisions of this Section
are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

 

Section 2.9 Outstanding Securities.

 

The Securities outstanding
at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation,
those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described
in this Section as not outstanding.

 

If a Security is replaced
pursuant to Section 2.8, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is
held by a bona fide purchaser.

 

If the Paying Agent (other
than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient
to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to be outstanding and interest
on them ceases to accrue.

 

A Security does not cease
to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security.

 

In determining whether the
Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall
be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration
of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.

 

Section 2.10 Treasury Securities.

 

In determining whether the
Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent or waiver, Securities of a Series owned by the Company or any Affiliate of the Company shall be disregarded, except that for the
purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent or waiver only Securities of a Series that the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.

 

Section 2.11 Temporary Securities.

 

Until definitive Securities
are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order, shall authenticate temporary Securities
upon a Company Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the
Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee, upon receipt
of a Company Order, shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities.
Until so exchanged, temporary securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.

 

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Section 2.12 Cancellation.

 

The Company at any time may
deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered
to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. Upon receipt of written instruction from the Company, the Trustee shall cancel
all Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall destroy such canceled Securities and
deliver a certificate of such destruction to the Company, unless the Company otherwise directs. The Company may not issue new Securities
to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

 

Section 2.13 Defaulted Interest.

 

If the Company defaults in
a payment of interest on a Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest
payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Security Holders of the Series on a subsequent special record date. The Company
shall fix the record date and payment date. At least 10 days before the record date, the Company shall mail to the Trustee and to each
Security Holder of the Series a notice that states the record date, the payment date and the amount of interest to be paid. The Company
may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.

 

Section 2.14 Global Securities.

 

2.14.1 Terms of Securities.
A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series
shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities.

 

2.14.2 Transfer and Exchange.
Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.7 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security
shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.7 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depositary
for such Security or its nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary
for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either
case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days of such
event or (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate to the effect that such Global Security
shall be so exchangeable. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities
registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the
Global Security with like tenor and terms.

 

Except as provided in this
Section 2.14.2, a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a
nominee of such Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary
or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.

 

The Trustee shall have no
obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or
under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security other than to require delivery of such certificates
and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture,
and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof. 

 

2.14.3 Legend. Any Global Security issued hereunder
shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:

 

“This Security is a
Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of the Depositary or a nominee
of the Depositary. This Security is exchangeable for Securities registered in the name of a person other than the Depositary or its nominee
only in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture, and may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary to a nominee
of the Depositary, by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the Depositary or any such
nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.”

 

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2.14.4 Acts of Holders. The
Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.

 

2.14.5 Payments. Notwithstanding
the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2, payment of the principal of and interest,
if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.

 

2.14.6 Consents, Declaration
and Directions. Except as provided in Section 2.14.5, the Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a person as the Holder of such
principal amount of outstanding Securities of such Series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement
of the Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents, declarations, waivers or directions required
to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.

 

Section 2.15 CUSIP Numbers.

 

The Company in issuing the
Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers
in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the
correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be
placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect
in or omission of such numbers.

 

ARTICLE III

REDEMPTION

 

Section 3.1 Notice to Trustee.

 

The Company may, with respect
to any Series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series
of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities.
If a Series of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part
of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee of the redemption date and the principal
amount of Series of Securities to be redeemed. The Company shall give the Trustee notice at least 45 days before the redemption date (or
such shorter notice as may be acceptable to the Trustee).

 

Section 3.2 Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.

 

Unless otherwise indicated
for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, if less than all the
Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select the Securities of the Series to be redeemed in any manner that the
Trustee deems fair and appropriate and in accordance with its customary practices or the selection shall be in accordance with DTC procedures,
as applicable. The Trustee shall make the selection from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption. The
Trustee may select for redemption portions of the principal of Securities of the Series that have denominations larger than $1,000. Securities
of the Series and portions of them it selects shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities
of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.2.10, the minimum principal denomination for each Series and integral
multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities
of that Series called for redemption. 

 

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Section 3.3 Notice of Redemption.

 

Unless otherwise indicated
for a particular Series by Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, at least 30 days but not
more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail a notice of redemption by first-class mail to each Holder whose Securities
are to be redeemed.

 

The notice shall identify the Securities of the
Series to be redeemed and shall state:

 

(a) the redemption date;

 

(b) the redemption price;

 

(c) the name and address of the Paying Agent;

 

(d) that Securities of the
Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;

 

(e) that interest on Securities
of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date;

 

(f) the CUSIP number, if any; and

 

(g) any other information
as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed.

 

At the Company’s request,
the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption prepared by the Company, in the Company’s name and at its expense.

 

Section 3.4 Effect of Notice of Redemption.

 

Once notice of redemption
is mailed or published as provided in Section 3.3, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption
date and at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall
be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date.

 

Section 3.5 Deposit of Redemption Price.

 

On or before the redemption
date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on
all Securities to be redeemed on that date.

 

Section 3.6 Securities Redeemed in Part.

 

Upon surrender of a Security
that is redeemed in part, the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order, shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series
and the same maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.

 

ARTICLE IV

COVENANTS

 

Section 4.1 Payment of Principal and Interest.

 

The Company covenants and
agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest,
if any, on the Securities of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture.

 

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Section 4.2 SEC Reports.

 

The Company shall deliver
to the Trustee within 15 days after it files them with the SEC copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents, and other
reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company is required
to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA
 § 314(a). 

 

Section 4.3 Compliance Certificate.

 

The Company shall deliver
to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year (which on the date hereof ends on December 31) of the Company, an Officers’
Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made
under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled
its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his/her
knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default
in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have
occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which he may have knowledge).

 

The Company will, so long
as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, forthwith upon becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an
Officers’ Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with
respect thereto.

 

Section 4.4 Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.

 

The Company covenants (to
the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the
benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the
covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly
waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the
execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law
has been enacted.

 

Section 4.5 Corporate Existence.

 

Subject to Article V, the
Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence and the
rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve
any such right, license or franchise if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in
the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole and that the loss thereof is not adverse in any material
respect to the Holders.

 

ARTICLE V

SUCCESSORS

 

Section 5.1 When Company May Merge, Etc.

 

The Company shall not consolidate
with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, any person (a “successor
person”) unless:

 

(a) the Company is the surviving
corporation or the successor person (if other than the Company) is a corporation organized and validly existing under the laws of any
U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes the Company’s obligations on the Securities and under this Indenture and

 

(b) immediately after giving
effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.

 

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The Company shall deliver
to the Trustee prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officers’ Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion
of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.

 

Notwithstanding the above,
any Subsidiary of the Company may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to the Company. Neither an Officers’
Certificate nor an Opinion of Counsel shall be required to be delivered in connection therewith. 

 

Section 5.2 Successor Corporation Substituted.

 

Upon any consolidation or
merger, or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with
Section 5.1, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale,
lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the
Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person has been named as the Company herein; provided, however,
that the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition (other than a lease) shall be released from all obligations
and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

 

ARTICLE VI

DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES

 

Section 6.1 Events of Default.

 

“Event of Default,”
wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board
Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate, it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said
Event of Default:

 

(a) default in the payment
of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days
(unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent prior to the expiration
of such period of 30 days); or

 

(b) default in the payment of principal of any
Security of that Series at its Maturity; or

 

(c) default in the performance
or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in this
Indenture solely for the benefit of Series of Securities other than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days
after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders
of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default or breach and
requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; or

 

(d) the Company pursuant to or within the meaning
of any Bankruptcy Law:

 

(i) commences a voluntary case,

 

(ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief
against it in an involuntary case,

 

(iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian
of it or for all or substantially all of its property,

 

(iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit
of its creditors, or

 

(v) generally is unable to pay its debts as the
same become due; or

 

(e) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an
order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:

 

(i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary
case,

 

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(ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company or for
all or substantially all of its property, or

 

(iii) orders the liquidation of the Company,

 

and the order or decree remains unstayed and in
effect for 60 days; or

 

(f) any other Event of Default
provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’
Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.2.18. 

 

The term “Bankruptcy
Law” means title 11, U.S. Code or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors. The term “Custodian” means
any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

 

Section 6.2 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.

 

If an Event of Default with
respect to Securities of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to in Section
6.1(d) or (e)) then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities
of that Series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal
amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that
Series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any
such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately due and
payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued
and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration
or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.

 

At any time after such a
declaration of acceleration with respect to any Series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has
been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
Securities of that Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences
if all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the non-payment of the principal and interest, if any,
of Securities of that Series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in
Section 6.13.

 

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent
Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

 

Section 6.3 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement
by Trustee.

 

The Company covenants that if

 

(a) default is made in the
payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days,
or

 

(b) default is made in the payment of principal
of any Security at the Maturity thereof, or

 

(c) default is made in the deposit of any sinking
fund payment when and as due by the terms of a Security,

 

then, the Company
will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable
on such Securities for principal and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest
on any overdue principal and any overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto,
such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

 

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If the Company fails to pay
such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding
for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against
the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided by
law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.

 

Notwithstanding any other
provision of this Indenture, if an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee
may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by pursuing
any available remedy by proceeding at law or in equity as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights,
whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein,
or to enforce any other proper remedy. 

 

Section 6.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.

 

In case of the pendency of
any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding
relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors,
the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration
or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or
interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,

 

(a) to file and prove a claim
for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents
as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and

 

(b) to collect and receive
any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same,

 

and any custodian, receiver,
assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder
to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders,
to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents
and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.8.

 

Nothing herein contained
shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization,
arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote
in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

 

Section 6.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of
Securities.

 

All rights of action and
claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities
or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its
own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation,
expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities
in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

 

Section 6.6 Application of Money Collected.

 

Any money collected by the
Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the
distribution of such money on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment
if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

 

First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee
under Section 7.8; and

 

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Second: To the payment of
the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money
has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for
principal and interest, respectively; and

 

Third: To the Company or to such party as a court
of competent jurisdiction shall direct.

 

Section 6.7 Limitation on Suits.

 

No Holder of any Security
of any Series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment
of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless 

 

(a) such Holder has previously
given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series;

 

(b) the Holders of not less
than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute
proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

 

(c) such Holder or Holders
have offered to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance
with such request;

 

(d) the Trustee for 60 days
after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

 

(e) no direction inconsistent
with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of
the outstanding Securities of that Series;

 

it being understood and intended
that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this
Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference
over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and
ratable benefit of all such Holders.

 

Section 6.8 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal
and Interest.

 

Notwithstanding any other
provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment
of the principal of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or,
in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall
not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

 

Section 6.9 Restoration of Rights and Remedies.

 

If the Trustee or any Holder
has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned
for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination
in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder
and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

 

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Section 6.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative.

 

Except as otherwise provided
with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section 2.8, no right or remedy herein
conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right
and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now
or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall
not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

 

Section 6.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

 

No delay or omission of the
Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right
or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article
or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee
or by the Holders, as the case may be. 

 

Section 6.12 Control by Holders.

 

The Holders of not less than
a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect
to the Securities of such Series, provided that

 

(a) such direction shall not be in conflict with
any rule of law or with this Indenture,

 

(b) the Trustee may take
any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and

 

(c) subject to the provisions
of Section 7.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability.

 

Section 6.13 Waiver of Past Defaults.

 

The Holders of not less than
a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such
Series waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default in the payment of the principal
of or interest on any Security of such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such
acceleration). Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to
have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any
right consequent thereon.

 

Section 6.14 Undertaking for Costs.

 

All parties to this Indenture
agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion
require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action
taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such
suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party
litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions
of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding
in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder
for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities
expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date).

 

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ARTICLE VII

TRUSTEE

 

Section 7.1 Duties of Trustee.

 

(a) If an Event of Default
has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree
of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.

 

(b) Except during the continuance of an Event
of Default:

 

(i) The Trustee need perform only those duties
that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others. 

 

(ii) In the absence of bad
faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed
therein, upon Officers’ Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this
Indenture; however, in the case of any such Officers’ Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof are specifically
required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officers’ Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to determine
whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations
or other facts stated therein).

 

(c) The Trustee may not be
relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:

 

(i) This paragraph does not limit the effect of
paragraph (b) of this Section.

 

(ii) The Trustee shall not
be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in
ascertaining the pertinent facts.

 

(iii) The Trustee shall not
be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any Series in good faith
in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series relating
to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred
upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series.

 

(d) Every provision of this
Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.

 

(e) The Trustee may refuse
to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives security or indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability
or expense.

 

(f) The Trustee shall not
be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by
the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

 

(g) No provision of this
Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its
duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds
or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.

 

(h) The Paying Agent, the
Registrar, the Notice Agent, any agent and any authenticating agent shall be entitled to the protections, immunities and standard of care
as are set forth in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Section with respect to the Trustee.

 

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Section 7.2 Rights of Trustee.

 

(a) The Trustee may rely
on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or
presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.

 

(b) Before the Trustee acts
or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel, or both. The Trustee shall not be liable
for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. No such
Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel shall be at the expense of the Trustee. Any request or direction of the Company mentioned
herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Officers’ Certificate.

 

(c) The Trustee may act through
agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. No Depositary shall be deemed
an agent of the Trustee and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depositary.

 

(d) The Trustee shall not
be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers, provided
that the Trustee’s conduct does not constitute negligence or bad faith. The Trustee shall not be liable for any special, punitive
or consequential damages, even if they were reasonably foreseeable.

 

(e) The Trustee may consult
with counsel of its selection and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection
in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder, and the Trustee may conclusively rely on any such advice or Opinion
of Counsel. 

 

(f) The Trustee shall be
under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders
of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs,
expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.

 

(g) The Trustee shall not
be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report,
notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the
Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit.

 

(h) The Trustee shall not
be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default (other than a payment default under Section 6.1 or 6.2) unless a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee has received written notice of any event which is in fact such a default at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee,
and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular Series and this Indenture.

 

(i) The rights, privileges,
protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including without limitation its right to be indemnified, are extended to,
and shall enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and to each agent, custodian and other Person employed to act
hereunder.

 

(j) The Trustee may request
that the Issuer deliver an Officers’ Certificate setting forth the names of individuals and titles of officers authorized at such
time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture, which Officers’ Certificate may be signed by any person authorized to
sign an Officers’ Certificate, including any person specified as so authorized in any such certificate previously delivered and
not superseded.

 

(k) The Trustee shall have
no duty to inquire as to or monitor the performance of the Issuer with respect to the covenants contained in Article IV.

 

(l) The Trustee shall not
be required to give any note, bond or surety in respect of the execution of the trusts and powers under this Indenture.

 

(m) Nothing herein shall
be deemed to require the Trustee to submit to the jurisdiction or venue of a non-U.S. court.

 

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Section 7.3 Force Majeure.

 

(a) The Trustee shall have
no liability for delays or inability to perform its duties hereunder due to forces majeures, events beyond its control, such
as (but not exclusively) civil unrest, earthquakes, hurricanes or other natural disasters, floods, utility failures, transmission interruptions,
power failures, wars, governmental declarations or Acts of God; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which
are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.

 

(b) Delivery of reports or
information by the Company shall not be deemed to confer actual or constructive knowledge or notice on the Trustee with respect to a Default
or Event of Default, or otherwise.

 

Section 7.4 Individual Rights of Trustee.

 

The Trustee in its individual
or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company
with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also subject to
Sections 7.11 and 7.12.

 

Section 7.5 Trustee’s Disclaimer.

 

The Trustee makes no representation
as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds
from the Securities, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its authentication. 

 

Section 7.6 Notice of Defaults.

 

If a Default or Event of
Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee,
the Trustee shall mail (or deliver notice subject to the applicable procedures of the Depositary or relevant clearing system) to each
Security Holder of the Securities of that Series notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later,
after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has written notice of such Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or
Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, or in the payment of any sinking fund installment,
the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as its corporate trust committee or a committee of its Responsible Officers in good
faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Security Holders of that Series.

 

Section 7.7 Reports by Trustee to Holders.

 

Within 60 days after May
15 in each year, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Security Holders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept
by the Registrar, a brief report dated as of such May 15, in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA § 313.

 

A copy of each report at
the time of its mailing to Security Holders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Securities
of that Series are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when Securities of any Series are listed on any stock exchange.

 

Section 7.8 Compensation and Indemnity.

 

The Company shall pay to
the Trustee from time to time compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing.
The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse
the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation
and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.

 

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The Company shall indemnify
each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee against any loss, liability or expense (including the cost of defending itself) incurred
by it except as set forth in the next paragraph in the performance of the Trustee duties under this Indenture as Trustee or Agent. The
Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity; provided, however, that failure to so notify the
Company shall not relieve it of its obligations hereunder. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense;
provided, however, the Trustee may conduct its own defense if there is a conflict of interest between the interests of the Company and
those of the Trustee. The Trustee may have one separate counsel (in addition to local counsel, if applicable) and the Company shall pay
the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent
shall not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and Agents or agents
of the Trustee.

 

The Company need not reimburse
any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder, Agent
or agent of the Trustee to the extent it is attributed to its own negligence or willful conduct as determined by a court of competent
jurisdiction in a final, non-appealable order.

 

To secure the Company’s
payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series on all money or property held
or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of and interest on particular Securities of that Series.

 

When the Trustee incurs expenses
or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services
(including the fees and expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy
Law.

 

The provisions of this Section
shall survive the termination of this Indenture and the resignation and removal of the Trustee.

 

Section 7.9 Replacement of Trustee.

 

A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment
of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section. 

 

The Trustee may resign with
respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed resignation.
The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so
notifying the Trustee and the Company. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of one or more Series if:

 

(a) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.11;

 

(b) the Trustee is adjudged
a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;

 

(c) a Custodian or public officer takes charge
of the Trustee or its property; or

 

(d) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.

 

If the Trustee resigns or
is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within
one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities may
appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.

 

If a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed,
the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series
may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

 

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A successor Trustee shall
deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee
upon payment of its fees and expenses then unpaid shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to
the lien provided for in Section 7.8, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee
shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee
under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to each Security Holder of each such Series. Notwithstanding
replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.9, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.8 hereof shall continue for the
benefit of the retiring Trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it prior to such replacement.

 

Section 7.10 Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.

 

If the Trustee consolidates
with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor
corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.

 

Section 7.11 Eligibility; Disqualification.

 

This Indenture shall always
have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA § 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee shall always have a combined capital and
surplus of at least $150,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee shall comply with TIA §
310(b).

 

Section 7.12 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.

 

The Trustee is subject to
TIA § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be
subject to TIA § 311(a) to the extent indicated.

 

ARTICLE VIII

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE

 

Section 8.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.

 

This Indenture shall upon
Company Order cease to be of further effect (except as hereinafter provided in this Section 8.1), and the Trustee, at the expense of the
Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when 

 

(a) either

 

(i) all Securities theretofore
authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid) have
been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

 

(ii) all such Securities not theretofore delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation

 

(1) have become due and payable, or

 

(2) will become due and payable at their Stated
Maturity within one year, or

 

(3) have been called for
redemption or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice
of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, or

 

(4) are deemed paid and discharged pursuant to
Section 8.3, as applicable;

 

and the Company, in the case
of (1), (2) or (3) above, has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount sufficient
for the purpose of paying and discharging the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation,
for principal and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable on or prior to the
date of such deposit) or to the Stated Maturity or redemption date, as the case may be;

 

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(b) the Company has paid or caused to be paid
all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and

 

(c) the Company has delivered
to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for
relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

 

Notwithstanding the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.8, and, if money shall have been deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 8.2 and 8.5 shall survive.

 

Section 8.2 Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.

 

(a) Subject to the provisions
of Section 8.5, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government
Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.3 or 8.4 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government
Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.3 or 8.4, shall be held in trust and applied
by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal
and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund payments
or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections 8.3 or 8.4.

 

(b) The Company shall pay
and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign
Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.3 or 8.4 or the interest and principal received in respect of such obligations
other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.

 

(c) The Trustee shall deliver
or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money
held by it as provided in Sections 8.3 or 8.4 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have
been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money were
deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government
Obligations held under this Indenture.

 

Section 8.3 Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series.

 

Unless this Section 8.3 is
otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.2.22, to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have paid
and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series on the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred
to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall
no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, at Company Request, execute proper instruments acknowledging
the same), except as to:

 

(a) the rights of Holders
of Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of the principal of and
each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Stated Maturity of such principal or
installment of principal or interest and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such
Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such
Series;

 

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(b) the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8,
8.2, 8.3 and 8.5; and

 

(c) the rights, powers, trust and immunities of
the Trustee hereunder;

 

provided that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied:

 

(d) the Company shall have
deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the
purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such
Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or
(ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign
Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide
(and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of
any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest,
if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest
or principal and such sinking fund payments are due;

 

(e) such deposit will not
result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company
is a party or by which it is bound;

 

(f) no Default or Event of
Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the
period ending on the 91st day after such date;

 

(g) the Company shall have
delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from,
or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has
been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall
confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as
a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner
and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred;

 

(h) the Company shall have
delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring
the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying
or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and

 

(i) the Company shall have
delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided
for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with. 

 

Section 8.4 Covenant Defeasance.

 

Unless this Section 8.4 is
otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.2.22 to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company may omit to comply with respect
to the Securities of any Series with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, and 5.1 as well as
any additional covenants specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers’
Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2.22 (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default or
Event of Default with respect to such Series under Section 6.1) and the occurrence of any event specified in a supplemental indenture
for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2.18 and designated
as an Event of Default shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided
that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:

 

(a) With reference to this
Section 8.4, the Company has deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as
trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the
benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or
U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite
currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance
with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than
one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each
installment of principal of and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the Securities of such Series
on the dates such installments of interest or principal and such sinking fund payments are due;

 

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(b) Such deposit will not
result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company
is a party or by which it is bound;

 

(c) No Default or Event of
Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit;

 

(d) The Company shall have
delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income,
gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income
tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and covenant defeasance
had not occurred;

 

(e) The Company shall have
delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring
the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying
or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and

 

(f) The Company shall have
delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided
for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.

 

Section 8.5 Repayment to Company.

 

The Trustee and the Paying
Agent shall pay to the Company upon written request any money held by them for the payment of principal and interest that remains unclaimed
for two years. After that, Security Holders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an
applicable abandoned property law designates another person. 

 

ARTICLE IX

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES, AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS

 

Section 9.1 Without Consent of Holders.

 

The Company and the Trustee
may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Security Holder:

 

(a) to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;

 

(b) to comply with Article V;

 

(c) to provide for uncertificated Securities in
addition to or in place of certificated Securities;

 

(d) to make any change that does not adversely
affect the rights of any Security Holder;

 

(e) to provide for the issuance
of and establish the form and terms and conditions of Securities of any Series as permitted by this Indenture;

 

    30

     

    

 

(f) to evidence and provide
for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more Series and to add to
or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee; or

 

(g) to comply with requirements
of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA.

 

Section 9.2 With Consent of Holders.

 

The Company and the Trustee
may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange
offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of
the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Security Holders of
each such Series. Except as provided in Section 6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities
of any Series by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities
of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series.

 

It shall not be necessary
for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture
or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this
section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Securities affected thereby, a notice briefly describing the supplemental
indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to mail or publish such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way
impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.

 

Section 9.3 Limitations.

 

Without the consent of each Security Holder affected,
an amendment or waiver may not:

 

(a) reduce the principal
amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;

 

(b) reduce the rate of or extend the time for
payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security;

 

(c) reduce the principal
or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund
or analogous obligation;

 

(d) reduce the principal amount of Discount Securities
payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;

 

(e) waive a Default or Event
of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities
of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver of the
payment default that resulted from such acceleration); 

 

(f) make the principal of
or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security;

 

(g) make any change in Sections 6.8, 6.13 or 9.3
(this sentence); or

 

(h) waive a redemption payment
with respect to any Security, provided that such redemption is made at the Company’s option.

 

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Section 9.4 Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.

 

Every amendment or waiver
to this Indenture or the issuance of and establishment of the form and terms and conditions of Securities of one or more Series shall
be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then in effect.

 

Section 9.5 Revocation and Effect of Consents.

 

Until an amendment is set
forth in a supplemental indenture or a waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by
the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s
Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent
as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date of the supplemental indenture
or the date the waiver becomes effective.

 

Any amendment or waiver once
effective shall bind every Security Holder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any
of clauses (a) through (h) of Section 9.3. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented
to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s
Security.

 

Section 9.6 Notation on or Exchange of Securities.

 

The Trustee may place an
appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for
Securities of that Series may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon receipt of a Company Order new Securities of that Series that
reflect the amendment or waiver.

 

Section 9.7 Trustee Protected.

 

In executing, or accepting
the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created
by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an
Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee
shall sign all supplemental indentures, except that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights.

 

ARTICLE X

MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 10.1 Trust Indenture Act Controls.

 

If any provision of this
Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA,
such required or deemed provision shall control. 

 

Section 10.2 Notices.

 

Any notice or communication
by the Company or the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in writing, in the English
language, referencing this Indenture and the applicable securities or series of securities, and delivered in person, or mailed by first-class
mail:

 

if to the Company:

 

Room 601, 1 Shui’an South Street

Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012

People’s Republic of China

 

if to the Trustee:

[ ]

Attention: [ ]

 

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The Company or the Trustee
by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.

 

Any notice or communication
to a Security Holder shall be mailed by first-class mail to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar or delivered subject
to the applicable procedures of Depositary or relevant clearing system. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Security Holder
of any Series or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Security Holders of that or any other Series.

 

If a notice or communication
is mailed or published in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Security Holder
receives it.

 

If the Company mails a notice
or communication to Security Holders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.

 

Section 10.3 Communication by Holders with Other Holders.

 

Security Holders of any Series
may communicate pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other Security Holders of that Series or any other Series with respect to their rights
under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have
the protection of TIA § 312(c).

 

Section 10.4 Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.

 

Upon any request or application
by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:

 

(a) an Officers’ Certificate
stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed
action have been complied with; and

 

(b) an Opinion of Counsel
stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.

 

Section 10.5 Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.

 

Each certificate or opinion
with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to
TIA § 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA § 314(e) and shall include:

 

(a) a statement that the person making such certificate
or opinion has read such covenant or condition;

 

(b) a brief statement as
to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion
are based; 

 

(c) a statement that, in
the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion
as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

 

(d) a statement as to whether
or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

 

Section 10.6 Rules by Trustee and Agents.

 

The Trustee may make reasonable
rules for action by or a meeting of Security Holders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements
for its functions.

 

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Section 10.7 Legal Holidays.

 

Unless otherwise provided
by Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series, a “Legal Holiday”
is any day that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on
the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.

 

Section 10.8 No Recourse Against Others.

 

A director, officer, employee
or stockholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture
or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Security Holder by accepting a Security
waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.

 

Section 10.9 Counterparts.

 

This Indenture may be executed
in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be
an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

 

Section 10.10 Governing Laws.

 

THIS INDENTURE AND THE
SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS MADE AND TO BE PERFORMED IN SUCH STATE, WITHOUT
REGARD TO THE CONFLICT OF LAWS PROVISIONS THEREOF.

 

Section 10.11 No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.

 

This Indenture may not be
used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such indenture, loan or
debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.

 

Section 10.12 Successors.

 

All agreements of the Company
in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.

 

Section 10.13 Severability.

 

In case any provision in
this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining
provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

 

Section 10.14 Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.

 

The Table of Contents, Cross
Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are
not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof. 

 

    34

     

    

 

Section 10.15 Securities in a Foreign Currency or in ECU.

 

Unless otherwise specified
in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture
with respect to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a
specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all Series affected by a particular action at the time
outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated in a coin or currency other than Dollars
(including ECUs), then the principal amount of Securities of such Series which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking
such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount at the Market Exchange Rate at such time. For purposes
of this Section 10.15, “Market Exchange Rate” shall mean the noon Dollar buying rate in New York City for cable transfers
of that currency as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; provided, however, in the case of ECUs, Market Exchange Rate shall
mean the rate of exchange determined by the Commission of the European Union (or any successor thereto) as published in the Official Journal
of the European Union (such publication or any successor publication, the “Journal”). If such Market Exchange Rate is not
available for any reason with respect to such currency, the Trustee shall use, in its sole discretion and without liability on its part,
such quotation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or, in the case of ECUs, the rate of exchange as published in the Journal, as of
the most recent available date, or quotations or, in the case of ECUs, rates of exchange from one or more major banks in The City of New
York or in the country of issue of the currency in question or, in the case of ECUs, in Luxembourg or such other quotations or, in the
case of ECUs, rates of exchange as the Trustee, upon consultation with the Company, shall deem appropriate. The provisions of this paragraph
shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series denominated in currency other than Dollars
in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.

 

All decisions and determinations
of the Trustee regarding the Market Exchange Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be in
its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, to the extent permitted by law, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably
binding upon the Company and all Holders.

 

Section 10.16 Judgment Currency.

 

The Company agrees, to the
fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is
necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of any Series (the “Required
Currency”) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange used
shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required
Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking
Day, then the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase
in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final
unappealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not
be discharged or satisfied by any tender, any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with subsection
(a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt,
by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable
as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such
actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall not be affected
by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, “New York Banking Day”
means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required
by law, regulation or executive order to close.

 

 

ARTICLE XI

SINKING FUNDS

 

Section 11.1 Applicability of Article.

 

The provisions of this Article
shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series, except as otherwise permitted or required by
any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture.

 

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The minimum amount of any
sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund
payment” and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an “optional
sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may
be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any
Series as provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series.

 

Section 11.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

 

The Company may, in satisfaction
of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities
(1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any of such Securities
previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund
payment is applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the
terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted optional sinking
fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously
so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an Officers’ Certificate with respect thereto, not
later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited
for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the
amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash
payments pursuant to this Section 11.2, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid
cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of a
Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next
succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to time upon receipt of a Company
Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company
to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment required
to be released to the Company.

 

Section 11.3 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

 

Not less than 45 days (unless
otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate in respect of a particular Series
of Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’
Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that Series,
the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by
delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 11.2, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to
the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not
less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect
of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed
upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.2 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the
name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.3. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of
such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.

 

    36

     

    

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

 

	 	Recon Technology Ltd
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	Name:	 
	 	Title:	 
	 	 
	 	[ ], as Trustee
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	Name:	 
	 	Title:EXHIBIT 10.1

 

SEVERANCE
AGREEMENT

This
Severance Agreement (the “Agreement”) is dated as of December 18, 2022, by and among Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Michael Buchmeier (the “Executive”).

WHEREAS,
the Executive is employed by the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Red Robin International, Inc., a Nevada corporation (“RRI”),
and is a party to that certain Offer Letter, dated as of August 29, 2019 (as amended, modified, or supplemented from time to time, the
“Offer Letter”);

WHEREAS,
the Executive serves the Company, RRI, and their respective subsidiaries and affiliates (the “Company Group”) in the
offices of Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer;

WHEREAS,
the Company and the Executive have agreed that the Executive’s employment with the Company is scheduled to terminate effective
as of January 31, 2023 (the “Separation Date”);

WHEREAS,
on the Separation Date, the Executive shall resign as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company and shall cease
to be an executive officer and employee of the Company Group;

WHEREAS,
the Company wishes to provide the Executive with a severance package, which is conditioned on the Executive’s timely, irrevocable
execution of this Agreement and fulfilling all of his obligations in both the Offer Letter, as applicable, and this Agreement, and including
his continued compliance with certain restrictive covenants that survive his employment termination; and

WHEREAS,
the Parties desire to set forth in this Agreement the terms and conditions of the Executive’s termination from employment, and
this Agreement shall govern the Executive’s and the Company’s respective rights and obligations in connection with such termination.

NOW
THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises, mutual covenants and other good and valuable consideration set forth in this Agreement,
the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Executive and the Company (the “Parties”) agree
as follows:

1.                 
Entire Agreement.

Except
as otherwise expressly provided herein, this Agreement, and the release set forth in Section 7 of this Agreement, is the entire agreement
between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and contains all agreements, whether written, oral, express, or implied,
between the Parties relating thereto and supersedes and extinguishes all other agreements relating thereto, whether written, oral, express,
or implied, between the Parties.

 

     

     

    

 

2.                 
Termination of Employment.

A.   
General. The Executive hereby acknowledges and agrees that his separation from service with the Company Group and his resignation
from any and all titles, positions, and appointments the Executive holds with the Company or any member of the Company Group, whether
as an officer, director, employee, consultant, trustee, committee member, agent, or otherwise, will become effective as of the Separation
Date. Except as otherwise expressly set forth herein, effective as of the Separation Date, the Executive shall have no authority to act
on behalf of any member of the Company Group and shall not hold himself out as having such authority, enter into any agreement or incur
any obligations on behalf of any member of the Company Group, commit any member of the Company Group in any manner, or otherwise act
in an executive or other decision-making capacity with respect to any member of the Company Group. The Executive agrees to promptly execute
such documents as the Company, in its sole discretion, shall reasonably deem necessary to effect such resignations. The Separation Date
shall be the termination date of the Executive’s employment for purposes of participation in and coverage under all benefit plans
and programs sponsored by or through the Company, except as otherwise provided herein.

3.                 
Entitlements.

In
consideration for, and subject to, the Executive’s entering into this Agreement, the Executive shall be entitled to the payments
and benefits set forth in this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the payments and
benefits described in this Agreement (other than those described in Section 3.A) are subject to (i) the Executive’s execution
and delivery of this Agreement within forty-five (45) days following the date hereof, (ii) the Executive’s continued compliance
with all restrictive covenants with the Company Group to which he is subject (including the restrictive covenants in the Offer Letter,
which are incorporated by reference herein), and (iii) the Executive’s continued compliance with this Agreement.

A.               
Accrued Obligations. The Company shall pay to the Executive (A) an amount equal to the sum of (1) the Executive’s
annual base salary through the Separation Date to the extent not theretofore paid and (2) reimbursement for any unreimbursed business
expenses incurred through the Separation Date, which shall be paid in a lump sum in cash within thirty (30) days following the Separation
Date or such earlier date as may be required by law and (B) any payments, benefits, or fringe benefits to which the Executive shall be
entitled under the terms of any applicable compensation arrangement or benefit, equity or fringe benefit plan or program or grant, or
the Offer Letter, which shall be paid at such times and in such forms as provided for by such plan, program, or grant or such earlier
date as may be required by law; provided, that this Section 3.A shall not result in duplication of benefits with any other payment
or benefit under this Agreement or any other agreement or plan. For the avoidance of doubt, any medical, dental, and other health insurance
coverage in which the Executive (and his beneficiaries) participate as of the Separation Date shall continue through the end of the month
during which the Separation Date takes place.

B.                
Severance. The Company shall (1) pay to the Executive a lump-sum cash payment of $330,000, which equals twelve (12) months
of the Executive’s annual base salary as

 

     

     

    

 

in effect immediately prior to the Separation Date, (2) pay to the Executive a lump-sum
cash payment in an amount equal to the annual bonus that becomes payable, if any, in respect of the 2022 fiscal year (the “2022
Fiscal Year”) (calculated based on the provisions of the annual bonus plan in effect for the 2022 Fiscal Year (the “2022
ABP”) and actual performance thereunder for the 2022 Fiscal Year), payable following the date the Compensation Committee certifies
the performance and payments to be made under the 2022 ABP at the same time that payments are made to Company employees under the 2022
ABP generally, (3) pay to the Executive a lump-sum cash payment in an amount equal to the product of (x) the number of RSUs that vest
solely by reason of continued service held by the Executive that are outstanding on the Separation Date that would have vested during
the 2023 calendar year (if the Executive’s employment with the Company had not terminated), multiplied by (y) $7.50, payable within
thirty (30) days of the Separation Date, (4) subject to the Executive’s timely election of continuation coverage under the Consolidated
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended, pay to the Executive a lump sum cash payment within thirty (30) days after such
election of an amount equal to the product of (x) the portion of the monthly premiums of the Executive’s group health insurance,
including coverage for the Executive’s eligible dependents, that the Company paid immediately prior to the Executive’s Separation
Date and (y) twelve (12), (5) pay to the Executive a lump-sum cash payment equal to the amount of the annual life insurance premiums
for the Executive (based on one (1) times the Executive’s annual base salary as in effect immediately prior to the Separation Date
and using the Company’s cost for supplemental Life and AD&D insurance), and (6) pay to the Executive a lump-sum cash payment
in the amount of $15,000 for executive outplacement services, payable within thirty (30) days of the Separation Date. For the avoidance
of doubt, the payments contemplated by this Section 3.B shall not be payable until the effectiveness of both (i) the release set forth
in Section 7 of this Agreement and (ii) the Bring-Down Release (defined below), and subject in all events to Section 12(F) hereof.

C.    
Full Satisfaction. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that, except as expressly provided in this Agreement, (i) the
Executive is not entitled to any other compensation or benefits from the Company or any member of the Company Group (including, without
limitation, any severance or termination compensation or benefits), and (ii) as of and after the Separation Date, except for purposes
of any medical, dental, and other health insurance coverage in which the Executive (and his beneficiaries) participate pursuant to Section
3.B of this Agreement, the Executive shall no longer participate in, accrue service credit, or have contributions made on his behalf
under any employee benefit plan sponsored by any member of the Company Group in respect of periods commencing on and following the Separation
Date, including without limitation, any plan that is intended to qualify under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the “Code”).

D.   
Equity. The Executive’s restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”),
and stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the applicable
equity plan and award agreements issued thereunder. For purposes of clarity, as of the Separation Date, the Executive shall forfeit 100%
of his outstanding RSUs, PSUs and unvested stock options. As of the Separation Date, any of the Executive’s vested stock options
will remain outstanding and exercisable for the designated period under the applicable award agreement, and shall, to the extent that
they are not exercised, be forfeited as of the end of such period. With respect to the Executive’s outstanding PSUs, the Executive
shall be eligible for “Retirement” treatment under the terms of the applicable award agreements.

 

     

     

    

 

4.                 
Post-Employment Cooperation. For a period of one (1) month following the Separation Date, the Executive shall assist in the smooth
transition of his previous duties and responsibilities as Chief Operating Officer of the Company to the then current or interim Chief
Operating Officer of the Company or other individual(s) performing this function. Upon reasonable request and notice following the Separation
Date, the Executive shall cooperate to the best of his ability with the Company to answer, to the extent of his best knowledge and information,
any questions or provide any information that the Company reasonably requires, and to cooperate to the best of his ability in any other
manner reasonably requested by the Company, including in preparing for any trials, hearings, or other proceedings, and providing truthful
testimony in connection therewith, in each case relating to his time of employment with the Company and the business of the Company.
The Company shall reimburse the Executive for any reasonable, out-of-pocket expenses incurred by him in connection with his compliance
with this Section 4 pursuant to the Company’s expense reimbursement policy. The Company agrees that the Executive’s obligations
in this Section 4 are not intended to unreasonably interfere with his ongoing business and personal activities.

5.                 
Restrictive Covenants.

A.   
Generally. The Executive agrees that the restrictive covenants set forth in the Offer Letter survive the termination
of his employment, and he confirms that he is bound by such provisions, including but not limited to the confidentiality and non-disclosure
obligations set forth therein. The Executive also agrees that he is subject to continuing obligations under the terms of the equity award
agreements between the Executive and the Company that survive the termination of his employment, and he confirms that he is bound by
such provisions, including the non-solicitation obligations set forth therein. If there is a conflict between the Executive’s continuing
obligations under the Offer Letter, the equity award agreements, and any other restrictive covenants to which the Executive may be bound,
the provisions more protective of the Company Group’s interests shall apply, as determined by the Company Group in its sole discretion.
Nothing herein is intended to re-execute or renew any such provisions; this Section is merely a reminder and notice of already-existing
provisions that shall remain in effect according to their terms.

B.    
Covenant Not to Compete. The Executive agrees that, for the period commencing on the Non-Compete Effective Date (as defined
below) and ending twelve (12) months after the date of termination of the Executive’s employment as Chief Operating Officer (the
“Restrictive Period”), the Executive shall not, directly or indirectly, either for himself or for, with, or through
any other Person (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or 14(d)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), own, manage,
operate, control, be employed by, participate in, loan money to or be connected in any manner with, or permit his name to be used by,
any business that, in the reasonable judgment of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”), competes with
the Company Group in the burger focused restaurant business in the State of Colorado or the following casual dining and brew-centric
restaurant concepts (and their successors) in any location: Chili’s, Applebee’s, Ruby Tuesday, TGI Fridays, Texas Roadhouse,
BJ’s, Yard House, Millers Ale House and Brickhouse (a “Competitive Activity”). In making its

 

     

     

    

 

judgment as to
whether any business is engaged in a burger focused Competitive Activity, the Board shall act in good faith, and shall first provide
the Executive with a reasonable opportunity to present such information as the Executive may desire for the Board’s consideration.
For purposes of this Agreement, the term “participate” includes any direct or indirect interest, whether as an officer, director,
employee, partner, sole proprietor, trustee, beneficiary, agent, representative, independent contractor, consultant, advisor, provider
of personal services, creditor, owner (other than by ownership of less than five (5%) percent of the stock of a publicly-held corporation
whose stock is traded on a national securities exchange. The “Non-Compete Effective Date” shall be the later of the
Separation Date and the 15th day following the date on which this Agreement (containing the provisions of this Section 5.C
and Section 5.D) was first presented to the Executive by the Company.

C.    
No Interference. During the Restrictive Period, the Executive shall not, without the prior written approval of the Company,
directly or indirectly through any other Person (a) induce or attempt to induce any employee of the Company or RRI at the level of director
or higher to leave the employ of the Company or RRI, or in any way interfere with the relationship between the Company or RRI and any
employee thereof, (b) hire any Person who was an employee of the Company or RRI at the level of director or higher within twelve (12)
months after such Person’s employment with the Company or RRI was terminated for any reason or (c) induce or attempt to induce
any supplier or other business relation of the Company or RRI to cease doing business with the Company or RRI, or in any way interfere
with the relationship between any such supplier or business relation and the Company or RRI.

D.   
Return of Property. The Executive acknowledges that all notes, memoranda, specifications, devices, formulas, records, files,
lists, drawings, documents, models, equipment, computers, phones, software, and intellectual property, in whatever form (including electronic),
and all copies thereof, and any and all other assets and property of the Company Group or relating to the businesses of the Company Group
that are received, held, or created by the Executive while an employee of the Company Group are and shall remain the property of the
Company Group, and the Executive shall immediately return all such property to the Company Group upon the Separation Date.

E.    
Reasonableness of Restrictions. The Executive agrees that the covenants set forth in Sections 5(A), (B), (C), and (D) are
reasonable with respect to their duration, geographical area and scope and do not place an unreasonable burden on the Executive’s
ability to earn a living. In the event that any of the provisions of Sections 5(A), (B), (C), and (D) relating to the geographic or temporal
scope of the covenants contained therein or the nature of the business or activities restricted thereby shall be declared by a court
of competent jurisdiction to exceed the maximum restrictiveness such court deems enforceable, such provision shall be deemed to be replaced
herein by the maximum restriction deemed enforceable by such court.

F.     
Injunctive Relief. The Parties hereto agree that the Company would suffer irreparable harm from a breach by the Executive
of any of the covenants or agreements contained herein, for which there is no adequate remedy at law. Therefore, in the event of the
actual or threatened breach by the Executive of any of the provisions of this Agreement, the Company or any member of the Company Group,
or its respective successors or assigns, may, in addition and supplementary to other rights and remedies existing in their favor, apply
to any court of law or

 

     

     

    

 

equity of competent jurisdiction for specific performance, injunctive or other relief in order to enforce compliance
with, or prevent any violation of, the provisions hereof; and that, in the event of such a breach or threat thereof, the Company shall
be entitled to obtain a temporary restraining order and/or a preliminary or permanent injunction restraining the Executive from engaging
in activities prohibited hereby or such other relief as may be required to specifically enforce any of the covenants contained herein.

G.   
Extension of Restricted Periods. In addition to the remedies the Company or any member of the Company Group may seek and
obtain pursuant to this Agreement, the restricted periods set forth herein shall be extended by any and all periods during which the
Executive shall be found by a court to have been in violation of the covenants contained herein.

H.   
Non-Disparagement. The Executive shall not at any time after the Separation Date, directly or indirectly, disparage, criticize
or otherwise make derogatory statements regarding the Company or any member of the Company Group, or any of their respective successors,
shareholders, partners, members, employees, directors or officers. The foregoing shall not be violated by the Executive’s truthful
responses to legal process or inquiry by a governmental authority.

6.                 
No Complaints, Claims, or Actions Filed. The Executive represents that the Executive has not filed any complaints, claims, or
actions against the Company or any Released Party (as defined in Section 7 below) with any state, federal, or local agency or court.
The Executive covenants and agrees that the Executive will not file any complaints, claims, or actions against the Company or any Released
Party with respect to a claim released pursuant to Section 7 below at any time hereafter. The Executive warrants and represents that,
as of the date of execution of this Agreement, the Executive is not aware of any facts that would establish, tend to establish, or in
any way support an allegation that the Company or any Released Party has engaged in conduct that the Executive believes could violate
any federal, state, or local law, or to the extent that the Executive has or ever had any such information, the Executive has reported
that information to the Company in accordance with Company policy.

7.     
Release of All Claims. In consideration for the promises and obligations set forth in this Agreement, the Executive hereby irrevocably,
unconditionally, and fully releases the Company, RRI, each member of the Company Group, and any affiliated entities, and each and all
of its/their current and former shareholders, officers, agents, directors, supervisors, employees, and representatives, and its/their
successors and assigns, and all persons acting by, though, under, or in concert with any of them (“Released Parties”),
from any and all charges, complaints, claims, and liabilities of any kind or nature whatsoever, known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected
(hereinafter referred to as “claim” or “claims”), that the Executive at any time had or claimed to have or that
the Executive may have or claim to have regarding any matter as of the date of this Agreement, including, without limitation, any and
all claims related to or in any manner incidental to the Executive’s employment or termination of employment with the Company.
It is expressly understood by the Executive that among the various rights and claims being waived in this release include those arising
under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”),
the Family and Medical Leave Act, common law and any and all other applicable federal, state, county or local statutes, ordinances, or
regulations, and the law of contract and tort. The released claims also

 

     

     

    

 

include claims of discrimination or harassment on the basis of
workers’ compensation status, but do not include workers’ compensation claims. By signing this Agreement, the Executive acknowledges
that the Executive intends to waive and release all rights known or unknown that Executive may have against the Released Parties under
these and any other laws; provided that the Executive does not waive or release claims with respect to (A) any rights that the
Executive may have to any payments or benefits pursuant to Section 3 of this Agreement, (B) any claims or rights under the indemnification
policy of any member of the Company Group, which all parties acknowledge survives the termination of the Executive’s employment
pursuant to its terms, and (C) rights that cannot be released as a matter of law. In addition, Executive shall be required to extend
the release and waiver of claims set forth in Section 7 of this Agreement (and the related representations, acknowledgements, and covenants
as set forth in this Agreement, including Sections 6, 9, 10 and 11 hereof) effective as of the Separation Date (the “Bring-Down
Release”), to include all claims not otherwise excluded from such release arising through and including the Separation Date. 
Such extension shall be effected by Executive re-executing the signature page to this Agreement where indicated, not earlier than, and
not later than forty-five (45) days following, the Separation Date.

8.     
Reemployment. The Executive hereby waives any and all claims to reemployment with the Company or any of its affiliates and affirmatively
agrees not to seek further employment with the Company or any of its affiliates.

9.     
Release of Claims and Notices Required under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act and the Older Workers’ Benefit Protection
Act. The Executive understands and agrees that the Executive:

A.   
Has been offered at least forty-five (45) days during which to consider this Agreement before signing it and understands that if he signs
this Agreement prior to the expiration of such forty-five (45) day period he knowingly and voluntarily waives the remainder of such consideration
period;

B.    
Has carefully read and fully understands all of the provisions of this Agreement;

C.    
Is waiving and releasing any rights under the ADEA and the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (“OWBPA”), among other
claims;

D.   
Knowingly and voluntarily agrees to all of the terms set forth in this Agreement (and acknowledges the receipt of the information included
on Exhibit A attached hereto);

E.    
Knowingly and voluntarily intends to be legally bound by the terms of this Agreement;

F.     
Was advised and hereby is advised in writing to consider the terms of this Agreement and consult with an attorney of the Executive’s
choice prior to executing this Agreement;

G.   
Has a full seven (7) days from the date of execution of this to revoke this Agreement (including, without limitation, any and all claims
arising under the ADEA) by sending written notice to Sarah Mussetter, EVP and Chief Legal Officer, and that neither the Company nor any

 

     

     

    

 

other person is obligated to provide any payments or benefits to the Executive pursuant to Section 3.B until eight (8) days have passed
since the Executive’s signing of this Agreement without the Executive’s having revoked this Agreement;

H.   
Understands that rights or claims under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (29 U.S.C. § 621, et seq.) that
may arise after the date this Agreement is executed are not waived, except that following the Executive’s execution of the Bring-Down
Release, the Executive understands that such rights or claims prior to the date that the Bring-Down Release is executed are waived;

I.       
Understands that nothing in this Agreement (including Section 7) prevents or precludes the Executive from challenging or seeking a determination
of the validity of this waiver under the ADEA or the OWBPA in good faith, nor that it imposes any condition precedent, penalties, or
costs for doing so, unless specifically authorized by federal law;

J.      
Understands that once the Company has made its final offer of severance, any changes, whether material or immaterial, to this Agreement
do not restart the forty-five (45) day period in which to consider the Agreement before signing it; and

K.   
Has a full seven (7) days from the date of execution of the Bring-Down Release by sending written notice to Sarah Mussetter, EVP and
Chief Legal Officer, and that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, neither the Company nor any other person is
obligated to provide any payments or benefits to the Executive pursuant to Section 3.B until eight (8) days have passed since the Executive’s
signing of the Bring-Down Release without the Executive having revoked the Bring-Down Release.  For the avoidance of doubt, Executive
agrees that the provisions of this Section 9A through 9J also apply to Executive’s consideration and decision to sign and agree
to the terms of the Bring-Down Release (so that references to the terms of this Agreement are deemed to include the terms of the Bring-Down
Release).

10.             
No Admission of Liability. This Agreement and compliance with this Agreement shall not be construed as an admission by the Company
or any Released Party of any liability whatsoever, or as an admission by the Company or any Released Party of any violations of the rights
of the Executive or any person or violation of any order, law, statute, duty, or contract whatsoever against the Executive or any person.
The Company and each Released Party specifically disclaims any liability to the Executive or any other person for any alleged violation
of the rights of the Executive or any person, or for any alleged violation of any order, law, statute, duty, or contract on the part
of the Company or any Released Party.

11.             
Communication with Government Agency. Nothing in this Agreement, including Sections 4, 6, and 7, (A) limits or affects the Executive’s
right to challenge the validity of this Agreement, including, without limitation, a challenge under the ADEA; (B) in any way interferes
with the Executive’s right and responsibility to give truthful testimony under oath; or (C) precludes the Executive from participating
in an investigation, filing a charge or otherwise communicating with any federal, state or local government office, official or agency,
including, but not limited to, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Department of Labor, or National Labor Relations Board. However,
the Executive promises never to seek or accept any

 

     

     

    

 

compensatory damages, back pay, front pay, or reinstatement remedies for the Executive
personally with respect to any claims released by this Agreement.

12.             
Miscellaneous.

A.               
Modification. This Agreement may not be modified or amended, nor may any rights hereunder be waived, except in a writing
signed and agreed to by the Parties.

B.                
Notices. Any notice given pursuant to this Agreement to any party hereto shall be deemed to have been duly given when mailed
by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, or by overnight courier, or when hand delivered as follows:

If
to the Company:

Red
Robin International, Inc.

10000
E. Geddes Avenue, Suite 500

Greenwood
Village, CO 80112

Attention:
Chief Legal Officer

 

If
to the Executive, at the Executive’s most recent address on the payroll records of the Company.

 

or
at such other address any party shall from time to time designate by written notice, in the manner provided herein, to the other parties
hereto.

C.    
Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Executive and the Company Group and upon their respective
heirs, administrators, representatives, executors, successors, and assigns, and shall inure to the benefit of said parties, and each
of them, and to their respective heirs, administrators, representatives, executors, successors, and assigns. The Executive expressly
warrants that the Executive has not transferred to any party or entity any rights, causes of action, or claims released in this Agreement.
The Executive agrees that each successor or affiliate of the Company shall be an express third-party beneficiary hereto and shall be
entitled to enforce the provisions of this Agreement.

D.               
General Consequences of Breach. If any party to this Agreement breaches this Agreement, for example, by bringing a lawsuit
based on claims that such party has released, by making a false representation in this Agreement, or by a past or future breach of Section
4 of this Agreement, the non-breaching party will be entitled to recover all damages flowing from such breach; specifically, including,
but not limited to reasonable attorneys’ fees and all other costs incurred by the non-breaching party as a result of the breach
or false representation, such as the cost of defending any suit brought with respect to a released claim by the breaching party.

E.                
Taxes. The Executive shall be responsible for the payment of any and all required federal, state, local, and foreign taxes
incurred, or to be incurred, in connection with any amounts payable to the Executive under this Agreement. Notwithstanding any other
provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the Company or any member of the Company Group, as applicable,

 

     

     

    

 

may withhold from all amounts
payable under this Agreement all federal, state, local, and foreign taxes that are required to be withheld pursuant to any applicable
laws and regulations.

F.                 
Section 409A Savings Clause.

i.                    
It is the intention of the Parties that compensation or benefits payable under this Agreement not be subject to the additional tax imposed
pursuant to Section 409A of the Code, and this Agreement shall be interpreted accordingly. To the extent such potential payments or benefits
could become subject to additional tax under such Section, the Parties shall cooperate to amend this Agreement with the goal of giving
the Executive the economic benefits described herein in a manner that does not result in such tax being imposed.

ii.                    
Each payment or benefit made pursuant to Section 3(B) of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a separate payment for purposes of Section
409A of the Code. In addition, payments or benefits pursuant to Section 3(B) shall be exempt from the requirements of Section 409A of
the Code to the maximum extent possible as “short-term deferrals” pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(4),
as involuntary separation pay pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(9)(iii), and/or under any other exemption that may
be applicable, and this Agreement shall be construed accordingly.

iii.                    
For purposes of this Agreement, phrases such as “termination of employment” shall be deemed to mean “separation from
service,” as defined in Section 409A of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder.

iv.                    
If the Executive is a specified employee within the
meaning of Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code and would receive any payment sooner than six (6) months after the Executive’s
“separation from service” that, absent the application of this Section 12(F)(iv), would be subject to additional tax imposed
pursuant to Section 409A of the Code as a result of such status as a specified employee, then such payment shall instead be payable on
the date that is the earliest of (i) six (6) months after Executive’s “separation from service,” or (ii) Executive’s
death.

G.               
Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining
terms and conditions of this Agreement shall be unaffected and shall remain in full force and effect. In addition, if any provision is
determined to be invalid or unenforceable due to its duration and/or scope, the duration and/or scope of such provision, as the case
may be, shall be reduced, such reduction shall be to the smallest extent necessary to comply with applicable law, and such provision
shall be enforceable, in its reduced form, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

H.               
Entire Agreement Between Parties. This Agreement (and the documents referenced herein) sets forth the entire agreement
between the Parties hereto and, unless otherwise set forth herein, fully supersedes any and all prior agreements or understandings, written
or oral, between the Parties hereto pertaining to the subject matter hereof; provided, however, if there is a conflict
between this Agreement and any confidentiality, non-compete, or non-solicitation agreement the Executive previously signed, the provisions
more protective of the Company’s interests shall apply, as determined by the Company in its sole discretion.

 

     

     

    

 

I.                   
Amendments; Waivers. This Agreement may not be modified, amended, or terminated except by an instrument in writing signed
by the Executive and a duly authorized officer of the Company (other than the Executive) that expressly identifies the amended provision
of this Agreement. By an instrument in writing similarly executed and similarly identifying the waived compliance, the Executive or a
duly authorized officer of the Company may waive compliance by the other party or parties with any provision of this Agreement that such
other party was or is obligated to comply with or perform; provided, however, that such waiver shall not operate as a waiver
of, or estoppel with respect to, any other or subsequent failure to comply or perform. No failure to exercise and no delay in exercising
any right, remedy, or power hereunder shall preclude any other or further exercise of any other right, remedy, or power provided herein
or by law or in equity.

J.      
Governing Law. THIS AGREEMENT AND THE LEGAL RELATIONS HEREBY CREATED BETWEEN THE PARTIES HERETO SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND
CONSTRUED UNDER AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INTERNAL LAWS OF THE STATE OF COLORADO, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS PRINCIPLES THEREOF.
THE EXECUTIVE SHALL SUBMIT TO THE VENUE AND PERSONAL JURISDICTION OF THE COLORADO STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS CONCERNING ANY DISPUTE FOR
WHICH JUDICIAL REDRESS IS PERMITTED PURSUANT TO THIS AGREEMENT; HOWEVER THE COMPANY IS NOT LIMITED IN SEEKING RELIEF IN THOSE COURTS.

K.               
Arbitration. Except as otherwise provided herein (such as Section 5.F (Injunctive Relief)), any controversy arising out
of or relating to this Agreement, its enforcement or interpretation, or because of an alleged breach, default, or misrepresentation in
connection with any of its provisions, or any other controversy arising out of the Executive’s employment, including, but not limited
to, any state or federal statutory or common law claims, shall be submitted to arbitration in Denver, Colorado, before a sole arbitrator
(the “Arbitrator”) selected from Judicial Arbiter Group, Inc., Denver, Colorado, or its successor (“JAG”),
or if JAG is no longer able to supply the arbitrator, such arbitrator shall be selected from the Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services,
Inc. (“JAMS”), or other mutually agreed upon arbitration provider, as the exclusive forum for the resolution of such
dispute. Provisional injunctive relief may, but need not, be sought by either party to this Agreement in a court of law while arbitration
proceedings are pending, and any provisional injunctive relief granted by such court shall remain effective until the matter is finally
determined by the Arbitrator. Final resolution of any dispute through arbitration may include any remedy or relief which the Arbitrator
deems just and equitable, including any and all remedies provided by applicable state or federal statutes. At the conclusion of the arbitration,
the Arbitrator shall issue a written decision that sets forth the essential findings and conclusions upon which the Arbitrator’s
award or decision is based. Any award or relief granted by the Arbitrator hereunder shall be final and binding on the Parties and may
be enforced by any court of competent jurisdiction. The Parties acknowledge and agree that they are hereby waiving any rights to trial
by jury in any action, proceeding or counterclaim brought by either of the Parties against the other in connection with any matter whatsoever
arising out of or in any way connected with this Agreement or the Executive’s employment, and under no circumstances shall class
claims be processed or participated in by the Executive. The Parties agree that Company shall be responsible for payment of the forum
costs of any arbitration hereunder,

 

     

     

    

including the Arbitrator’s fee. The Executive and the Company further agree that in any proceeding
to enforce the terms of this Agreement, the prevailing party shall be entitled to its or his reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs
incurred by it or him in connection with resolution of the dispute in addition to any other relief granted.

L.                
Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of identification only and are not intended to describe, interpret,
define or limit the scope, extent, or intent of this Agreement or any provision hereof.

M.              
Construction. This Agreement shall be deemed drafted equally by the Parties. Its language shall be construed as a whole
and according to its fair meaning. Any presumption or principle that the language is to be construed against any party shall not apply.
The headings in this Agreement are only for convenience and are not intended to affect construction or interpretation. Any references
to paragraphs, subparagraphs, sections, or subsections are to those parts of this Agreement, unless the context clearly indicates to
the contrary. Also, unless the context clearly indicates to the contrary: (i) the plural includes the singular, and the singular includes
the plural; (ii) “and” and “or” are each used both conjunctively and disjunctively; (iii) “any,”
“all,” “each,” or “every” means “any and all,” and “each and every”; (iv)
“includes” and “including” are each “without limitation”; and (v) “herein,” “hereof,”
“hereunder,” and other similar compounds of the word “here” refer to the entire Agreement and not to any particular
paragraph, subparagraph, section, or subsection.

N.               
Counterparts. The Agreement may be executed by one or more of the Parties hereto on any number of separate counterparts
and all such counterparts shall be deemed to be one and the same instrument. Each party hereto confirms that any facsimile copy or .pdf
of such party’s executed counterpart of the Agreement (or its signature page thereof) shall be deemed to be an executed original
thereof.

[Remainder
of Page Intentionally Left Blank]

 

 

 

     

     

    

IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed and delivered this Agreement as of the date written below.

EXECUTIVE

 

	Date:	Dec. 17, 2022	 	/s/ Michael Buchmeier	 
	 	 	 	MICHAEL
BUCHMEIER	 

 

 

Bring-Down
Release Acknowledgement:

Not
to be executed prior to the Separation Date

 

	Accepted
  and agreed this	 
	 	 
	31st day of January 2023:	 
	 	 
	 	 
	 	 
	MICHAEL BUCHMEIER	 

 

 

COMPANY 

 

	 	 	 	RED ROBIN GOURMET BURGERS, INC.	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Date:	12/18/2022	 	By:	/s/ Wayne Davis	 
	 	 	 		Name:Wayne Davis	 
	 	 	 	 	Title: SVP, Chief People Officer 	 

 

 

[Signature
Page to Separation Agreement]

 

     

     

    

 

 

EXHIBIT
A

 

Older
Workers Benefit Protection Act

Disclosure
Notice (“ADEA List”)

 

 

 

 

     

     

    

 

NOTICE
OF RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS

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